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THE HOU§E {GLID>=-==§unppllememt.

 

 

THE MODEL WIFE.

 

ly good wife is knittin’, and 'yond plays the kit-
ten,

The yellow .
But she heeds not the charmer, the snarl don’t
alarm her;
Her thoughts are on me and of love.
Her smile, so bewitchin’, lights parlor and kitchen,
For she's sunshine both upstairs and down;
All bustling and busy, is Bonnibelle Lizzie,
The best little wife in the town.

She’s too, true to her labors to gossip with neigh-
bors,
With a greeting she passes them all;
And the women that always are whisperin’ in
hallways
She shuns, for their talk is too small;
With stairs of Miss Prattle and Dame Grundy
Tattle,
With the names of poor Jones, Smith or Brown,
Gaining mischief they're busy. but not so with
Lizzie,
The best little wife in the town.

When her tins a bright line, like silver are shinin‘,
And the kettle is singin’ for tea,

You‘ll ﬁnd her a-sittin‘, and quietly knittin’,
Awaitin’ the comin‘ of me;

And the thought’s so beguilin‘ the dimples go

smilin’

The plump rosy cheeks up and down—

Stlll her ﬁngers are busy, no dreamer is Lizzie.
The best little wife in tre‘to wn.

When ( ﬁnish my daily long tasks I sing gaily:
“From the toil of the bench, love, l’m free 2”
Though the stars twinkle o‘er me my heart dies

before me
To her who is waitin‘ for me.
I steal in behind her, with strong hands I bind
her,
My queen of the calico gown;
The little hands busy I clasp and kiss Lizzie,
The best little wife in the town.

———-——o—.—.——-

THE COOK’S RESPONSIBILITIES.

 

The “ whispering ” is so often repeated
that it must soon be understood as a
household adage, to ﬁrst cook an
especially good dinner for the
“ good man ” ere you venture to re-
quest a dribblet from his purse. Every
woman in our free and enlightened coun-
try has a right to do “that kind of
thing,” I suppose, and if in spite of all
considerations of justice, as well as ordi-
nary kindness, a man must be wheedled
out of what is not his own by any right
but that of might, that would prove as
sure away to accomplish it as any, for
a pen that wrote much wisdom, taught us
“the shortest way to a man’s heart is
through his stomach," and it may be true
of most men, but I am glad it was not said
of women. I think if I could not reach

the point by some other route, I would
give up the trip.
I’m a ﬁrm believer that much of com

fort 'and health depends upon well cooked
and neatly spread meals; food prepared
with a view to suit the appetite and eaten
with relish, will no doubt better assimi-
late and strengthen the physical system.
And, too, if one would receive the utmost
beneﬁt of food it should be partaken of in
an amiable and cheerful spirit, with pleas-
ant conversation and genial society. To
accomplish all this the cook must be pos-
sessed of ability and good common sense.
There is no small amount of judgment
and care required to produce a good,
wholesome meal, even where everything
necessary is at hand, with conveniences
with which to accomplish it.

Although Miss Corson, having every
thing in readiness for the performance,
could cook without soiling her rich dress,
to show how neatly the work could be
done, she at the same time proved plainly
the value of domestic conveniences and
requirements. I doubt her cooking “that
meal ” with such, case and unsoiled rai-
ment and unruﬁied temper if done with
green wood a “ rod too long ” for the ﬁre-
box, or “stept it” forty rods from the
house for water. And this philosophical
science of cookery, taught or untaught,
must be displayed in every house three
times three hundred and sixty-ﬁve times
yearly, and that but a tithe of domestic
labors for the health, comfort and pros-
perity of a family of undecided numbers,
and all by one member of the household.
Not one housekeeper in every dozen does
have even necessary conveniences to ren-
der the task in any way easy or agreeable.
But it must be done, and is done over and
over, through every stage of preparation,
until the cook has the least relish of any
for her culinary achievements, and then
if she requires a. small outlay of dollars
and cents she must perforce gain it by
strategy! If I were compelled to resort
to scheming, it would be conducted this-
wise: “Aaron, whenever you are ready
to pass me the stamps for the purchase of
that stylish winter hat at N.’s, you may
decapitate that fat gobbler and conﬁdent-
1y expect a royal dinner.”

AARON‘S WIFE.
FENTONVILLE, Mich.

———.__—___

ENTERTAINING COMPANY.

 

Ladies, we are all talking at once, and
upon such a variety of subjects, and ask-
ing so many questions, that I expect every
moment to hear Beatrix rap with the mal
let upon the editorial table and command
silence.

 

I would like to answer“0ne of the Girls ;”

 

also say a "few words about “woman’s
tears;” but I forbear, as I have been busy
with the sick for two or three weeks, and
I think some one has written ere this. I
will say a few words about entertaining
company.

We are created intelligent. social beings,
and the interchange of ideas and social
intercourse are among the necessities and
pleasures of existence. The custom of
entertaining guests with honor and cour‘
tesy is as old as the race. With the folly
and extravagance of fashionable .city re-
ceptions, we have nothing to do. We are
farmers and country people, and receiv-
ing- guests in our homes is what we are to
consider.

Because we are farmers, can we have
none of the elegancies and reﬁnements of
polite society? , We can. I think a farm-
er’s home can be made one of reﬁnement
as truly as any other, but in order to do
this there are many little things that need
correcting in many homes.

If a woman performs her household du-
ties without the aid of servants or grown
up daughters, entertaining company
sometimes is difﬁcult, because she cannot
entertain her guests as she would like to,
since her husband’s and hired men’s din-
ner must be in time, and other duties must
be performed.

I think many of our older housekeepers
set a bad example when they entertain
company. They have accumulated wealth
until they can aﬂord luxuries, and they
not only ﬁll their tables but crowd them.
Their daughters marry and go to houses
keeping. The young people have their
homes to earn and their fortunes yet to
make; but when the young housekeeper
has company, she thinks she must set as-
good a table as her mother or rich neigh‘
her. This is folly. If you went to these
young people and asked them to subscribe
for more than one paper, or buy an enter-
taining book, the reply would quite na-
turally be, “We cannot aﬂord it; we are
just commencing.” Better do with less
pie and sweetmeats, and lay the founda-
tion for a good library to entertain your
guests with.

In entertaining company, the ﬁrst re-
quisite is to make them truly welcome.
Then spend all the time possible visiting.
Let the meals be the secondary consider-
ation. I believe in gossip; but let it be a
happy, beautifullkind,not the blackening,
damning kind that debases both speaker
and listener.

In setting and ornamenting the table, I
would give the utmost latitude. Make

  

  


 

2

THE HOUSEHOLD.

 

the table as attractive as possible. The
humble-st homecan makea neat and at-
tractive table; and very much depends up
on the looks of thettble and the way the
food is serve l by host and hostess. When
it. is time for meals, prepare them with
neatness and care, and try to have them

truly refreshments.
OLD SCHOOL TE .XCIIER.

Tncuusnn. March 20th.

 

 

A VISI'I‘ TO_ TIIE SEA GARDENS.

How hard it was to believe it was mid-
winter, that sunny morning in early
February! Luxuriously resting in acorn-
modious easy chair beside the low, open
window, the scent of blossoming roses
ﬂoated snitly about me, lulling my senses
into drowsy, delicious Ianguor, while my
eyes rested dreamily upon as fair a pic-
ture as one often sees. Not ﬁfty yards
away, the crystal waters of the bay gently
lapped the sides of the rugged sea wall,
which in direct line with my point of
view was surmounted by great tubs
ﬁlled with sponges, that the slow moving
negroes were washing, ready for the mar.
ket. To the left of them, rose a small
forest of sails and spars, and beyond, the
blue waters of the South Atlantic. My
book lay open and unread upon my lap,
while I gave myself up to the delicious
sense of idleness. Suddenly my reverie
was broken by a soft, slow, sweet voice
saying close to my ear: “Missa, Missa,
Cap'n Jones says as how it’s a ﬁne day for
de sea-gardens for we got a souf win!"
I turned to see the eager black face of
"Joseffa,” the captain’s mate, and for a
moment felt half vexed at the intrusion.
Remembering that we had been waiting
two weeks for this same “souf win’” I
made “Joseﬁa” happy by saying that I
Would go, and sent him to notify my
friends. Half an hour la‘er a merry
party of eight were assembled on board
the “Sylph,” a trimly built little yacht,
just large enough to accommodate ten.
Everybody was too warm, everybody was
talking, and the scantily clothed, good
natured colored captain was besieged with
questions, for somebody-I think it was
the Consul—had maliciously hinted that
* a south wind meant “squalls” or “hurri-
canes.”

Slowly the Sylph worked her way out
from the tangle of small craft, which
swarmed on all sides like huge water-
beetles, and as she swung out into open
water, the sail was hoisted,caught a puff of
wind and bowed so deep a farewell to the
receding shore, that a simultaneous scream
came from the ladies, and a gruff “Look
out there, Jones,” from the gentlemen.
Away she sped through the most wonder-
fully beautiful water in the world, so

clear that looking down ﬁve fathoms deep'

we could see the sea eggs clustered upon
the coral bed of the bay, so blue and
such a blue it is indescribable. It is only
three miles from Nassau to the sea gar.
dens, but a south wind necessitated a.
great deal of “tacking,” so that two
hours or more elapsed before We rounded
the point of the reef, and anchored in the
sheltered arm of the sea, where the sub
marine world could be viewed to the best
advantage.

 

 

Water glasses were quickly brought out,
which were nothing more nor less than
water pails, from which the usual bottom
had been neatly replaced by a pane of
glass. Placing one firmly upon the
water as if upon a table, and looking into'
the pail, I seemed transported to a new
and beautiful world. Instantly my child-
hood’s belief in coral caves inhabited by
sea nymphs and grottes where mermaids
slept, returned, for here, plainly visible
to the eye,_,was a realm far more wonder-
ful than the wildest fairy story’s ﬁction.
As my vision pierced the crystal depths,
I lost all sensation of being on earth, and
seemed to ﬂoat in hulmy restfulness be-
neath the anes. Tall purple and green
and brown sea plumes waved gently to
and fro, like the dainticst ostrich plume
in the summer breeze. Here and there
sea fans of every conceivable size and
shape stood upright. looking a rich
golden or rose color in the shining light.
Long stretches of white glistening sand
seemed to form pathways through clusters
of tree-shaped corals and fantastic
sponges. Here, unclipped and unbleach-
ed, in all the glory of their native
element, they formed a most interesting
and picturesque array. There at an angle
of the pathway stood atall sponge, re-
sembling an ancient vase, and peeping
over the rim of its delicate cup a small
family of mollusks clung, in theirbrilliant
shells, looking like stray blossoms wan-
tonly dropped. Closa by was an immense
oval mound of brain coral, back of which
rose a small forest of plumes, fans and
coral sponges growing in beautiful con-
fusion. Gracefully gliding in and out
among the stems of this sea forest, or
gently pausing beside some vase form.
were ﬁ-h rivaling in brilliant coloring
the gayest forest birds. Notice that large
one making an inquisitive call at the de-
serted house of a couch. Is he not hand-
some in his silver coat so dazzling in its
brightness? Ah, there comes another in-
quisitive one, a regularlittle “ buttercup”
in his suit of rich gold, with a dainty
black cap, and I suppose that great
“goggle eye ” following him so pompous-
ly is his guardian. There at the top of a
large sponge; darting rapidly in and out
of its spores, is a tiny ﬁsh that looks as
if he might bea bit of condensed rain-
bow. What an elegant home for the
nymphs is this mass of pale amber coral,
and what wonderful little architects
formed its towers and hallways! Notice
what a dainty azure tint glows from the
interior, the light shines in through the
window in the roof, and streams through
the broad open front. If we could only
catch a glimpse of the inmates, I am sure
we would see some lovely “ water-
babies.” but those great sharp-nosed
ﬁsh in their odd red and white striped
suits are such vigilantguardsmen, I can
only see ﬂitting, brilliant forms now
and then. Evidently the nymphs are
well up in high art, for here is some
thing that looks very like a sunﬂower.
Whata ﬁne bed of “rose leaves,” and
just beyond something that makes you

wonder if violets and blue—bells really
grace a mermaid’s garden. Dear me!
what is that queer thing ﬂoating toward

 

us with such a great hump on his bach-
and such monster arms hanging down
and propelling him slowly along?
Evidently he is not an agreeable com-
panion, for the wise little ﬁsh give him a
wide birth. Truly here isaﬁne speci~
men of “Neptune’s Car" butrather small,
anti I presume belongs to some of his in-
fant grandchildren.

Further investigation was rudely vetoed
by companions pulling me somewhat
forcibly into the yacht, over whose side I
had leaned so far in my eagerness to see
all, that I had nearly fallen overboard
and to add insult to injury, some wretched
puns were ﬁred at my luckless head,
which had remained so long “in-pailed."
During our absorbed contemplation of the
bottom of the sea, Joseffa had divested
himself of all except one small garment
and slipped over the bow of the boat into.
the water. and now announced his readi~
ness to dive for some of the treasures we
so much coveted. Obedient to our eager
commands he went again and again to the
bottom, his wiggling body assuming
grotesque shape and proportions, as ho
struggled with some clinging specimens,
his staring eyes looking like great white
beans amid the surrounding blackness.
Sometimes he came to the surface with
beautiful fans or sea plumes or broken
branches of coral, but too often the treas-
ures that shone so fair at adistance under
water, proved valueless when brought to
the surface. Finally he clung panting
to the side of the boat and said so appeal-
ingly, “ I’se tired, ladies.” we could do no
less than become suddenly interested in
the distant landscape, and allow the poor
fellow to drop the role of diver, and an.
sume the character of mate.

And now up came the anchor, the sail.
was partly hoisted, and the Sylph crept
gingerly over the bar, glided around the
point and out into the long narrow bay.
In obedience to a whispered hint to “let
her fly, captain,” full sail was set, and
away we flew before the wind, the sharp
prow cutting the water till it ﬂew in
drenching spray over the boat. In
three minutes we were perfectly satisﬁed
with Joseﬁa’s statement that the Sylph.
was the fastest sailer aﬂoat in the tropics,
and begged for less speed and alower
sail. Half an hourlater the Sylph swung
to her moorings, and eight tire-d but hap-
py voyagers sought restful solitude and
shade in their respective rooms, there to
live over in memory the beauties of the

wonderful sea gardens. 1. F. N.
Nassau, Bahamas, March 15th.

 

THE FARM ER’S WIFE.

 

I usually enjoy the Household depart-
ment very much, but, both in this and
other papers, sometimes see articles thatI
do not like, and that I think are injurious
in their style, especially to young girls.
I mean those in which the lot of farmers'
wives is harped upon as almost wholly
devoid of all that makes life happy. The
farmer is represented as treating himself
to all the modern improvements and labor-
saving machines, while his wife toils on
day by day with the same old stove she
began housekeeping with twenty year!

 

 

 


  
   

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before; churning from twenty to sixty
pounds of butter each week. while her
husband refuses to replace the old dash
churn with a better one, but pockets the
proceeds of the butter, as well as of
chickens and eggs. The poor woman is
not even allowed a sufﬁciency of comfort-
.able clothing for herself and children in
many cases given by these writers, but
shivers through the winter weather in her
faded calico dress and thin shawl, asking
in vain for a few dollars to buy the chil-
dren ﬂannel enough to make them com-
fortable; her house is bare of comforts,
conveniences and pretty things—though
we do not see how she could ever ﬁnd
time to enjoy beauty or luxury; since her
work lasts from early morn till bedtime—
and, even if she does not sink into a prema-
ture grave, she is faded and broken down
before she has scarcely reached her
prime. And all this time her husband
grows richer, and adds acres to his farm
and work for his weary wife, with never
a tho'ught that she needs help in her
work. -

All this and more have I read, and the
moral seems to be: “Girls, marry any-
thing but a farmer! The men of other
professions are exempt from the mean-
ness, selﬁshness and stinginess, all of
which are characteristics of farmers."
There may be now and then cases of
women leading such lives as I have just
mentioned, but that they are common I
do not believe, and it certainly is not fair
to take one instance out of a thousand,
and hold it up as an example of a whole
class. I am a farmer’s wife, myself, and,
though not quite old enough to have ab-
sorbed all the wisdom attainable in this
world, have seen a good deal of the life
of the working classes, both farmers and
mechanics, and the result of my observa‘
tions is this: A man who is selﬁsh, irri-
table and stingy, will make his wife un-
happy, whatever his.business; but if he
bekind, affectionate and generous, she
will never be anything but happy—unless
by her own .fault—whether her life be
spent iuzhut or mansion, city or country.
For there is nothing in farm life to change
the nature of man or woman;—though if
a man be either weak or narrow in mind
or morals, the country is the best place
for him.

0f the farmers' wives of my acquain-
tance, there are some who overwork, but
in every case she is more to blame than
her husband, (and not one of these but
has eyery help and convenience that the
circumstances of her husband justify).
My nearest neighbor says: “I never get
any time to read. I like ﬂowers, too, but
never get any time to tend them, I never
get time to teach my boy good manners,
or anything else," and so on. “ Why do
you not have help then ?” I ask. “ Well,
my husband is alwaystiying to induce me
to get a girl, but I tell him folks would
think me lazy if I did.” “ FulkS think”
is responsible for more broken down
farmers’ wives, than are stingy or careless
husbands. There is necessarily much
hard work to be done by the wife of any
Working man who has not yet reached the
goal of prosperity. But most of them add.

 

muchthat is unnecessary, and do many
things every week,for the sake of what
“folks will think.” There is no doubt
that the lives of very man y farmers’ wives
could be made easier, and their homes
pleasanter for all the inmates by their
own efforts. And the woman who goes
into farm life with a stronger love for
home than for society, will ﬁnd there as
much to enjoy and make home happy as
can be found in city or town. MAY.
KEWANEE, Ills.
__.._._._.__

MEDICAL WORKS .

 

Mrs. A. H. D., of Hadley, asks me to
name some good medical works. The
book I referred to as having proved so
valuable in arelative’s family, is by M.
Freligh, M. D., and published by C. T.
Hurlburt, 896 Broadway, New York city.
Its price I do not know. It is a homeo-
pathic work. That so highly commended
by my friend is “Wood’s House-hold
Practice,” but I cannot tell where it is
published, nor whether it is “ old school ”
or “new.”

Mrs. E. M. A., of Centreville, speaks
very highly of “The Homeopathic
Guide,” by I. D. Johnson, price $2,
which may be procured through a physi-
cian.

Almost any book which gives symp-
toms and treatment of disease will an
swer the purpose in the family. The
physician’s greatest skill is shown in
diagnosing disease, discerning symptoms;
he must know what is the matter before he
begins to “doctor.” The woman who
buys a medical work for home use. must
cultivate this power as much as possible;
her success depends more on this than on
the nature of the book. I would not ad.
vise depending upon any book, however
excellent, in cases of severe illness, but
for slight indispositions, which may be-
come serious if neglected, in families
where there are children, and where peo-
ple live at a distance from physicians,
such awork I consider a very valuable

thing to have in the house.
BEATRIX.

ROOM FOR ANOTHER.

 

We have been without the MICHIGAN
FARMER for some months, and I have
missed it very much, and when my good
John came home a few days ago and said
he had renewed his subscription, Iwas
very glad. When it came to us last week
with a neat little Household, all by it-
self, I was quite delighted.

You see we lost our grape crop last
summer, for the ﬁrst time since we be-
gan to raise the fruit, some 14 or 15 years;
and that, with the failure ofthe wheat and
corn and the apples also, made us rather
short, but as the cold winter is passing
away, and the snow is fast disappearing,
we 10ok forward with hope to another
season of prosperity.

I ﬁnd the bread question has been dis
cussed, for in the last paper some one
sends thanks for “the excellent never
failing receipt for making bread,” and as
I have had more trouble the last few
months, than in all my thirty years’ ex

 

THE HOUSEHOLD. 3

perience as housekeeper, will it be asking

too much to have it reprinted? M.
Ioms, March 24th.

[We have forwarded a copy of the
FARMER containing the recipe to “M."
Hope she will write again—lionsnuonn

Eu]
———-.-0——-—
FLOWER SEEDS FOR FARMERS’
\VIVES.

 

I am now prepared to ﬁll orders for
ﬂower seeds of all the varieties which
have become standard favorites by long
cultivation. I have many varieties of the
same ﬂower, and can send a mixture of
the various sorts in one packet, to those
who prefer, notably of the following va-
rieties: Pansy, Verbena, Phlox Drum-
mondii, Sweet Pea, Petunia, Poppy, Ni-
gella, Calliopsis, Aster, Mignonette, Cox-
comb, Snapdragon, Calendula, Catehﬂy,
Euphorbia, Gailardia, Linaria, Scabiosa,
Ricinus, Ten-Weeks Stock, Zinnia, VVhit-
lavia, Pyrethrum, Balsam, Delphinum,
Crysanthemum, Golden Feather, Fever-
few, Marigold, Mirabilis, Nasturtium,
and Gysophila. These are not all my an-
nuals, but a list of the hardy sorts to
choose from. I can furnish any of the
others generally grown.

Among climbers, I have the old favorite
Morning Glory, Adlumia, Se srlet Runner,
Balloon Vine, Cucumis (said to be the
only plant which can be seen to grow),
and bulbs of Maderia Vine.

Among the perennials I can furnish
seeds of Flax, Valerian, Delphinium,
Pea, Hollyhock, Satin Flower, Sweet
William, Milleﬂeur, Evening Primrose,
Hesperus, Double Aquilgia, in all varie-
ties of color, and Yellow Alyssum, as well
as others not enumerated.

Prices are so very low every one can
have avariety for a small outlay. The
above for ﬁve cents per packet, (except
Pansies, ten cents,) ﬁfty cents per dozen
packets, thirty for $1; and with each
ﬁfty cent or dollar collection a packet of
wild garden seed.

Mas. M. A. FULLER, (Aaron's Wife.)
Fentonville, Genesee (20.. Mich.

 

HOUSEHOLD HINTS.

 

“Aunt Nellie,” in the Farmers’ Ad~
vacate, says: “A great help in hanging
out clothes is an apron to put the pins in.
Mine is sixteen inches long and eighteen
inches wide, rounded at the corners. It
is double, and at each side near the belt
the outside piece is cut away and bound,
making openings to put in the pins and
take them out when hanging out the
clothes. The apron is bound around
ﬁrmly and will hold several dozen pins.
A belt fastens it about the waist, and with
this on there is no need of steeping to
pick up clothes-pins. In this apron may
be kept a pair of cotton ﬂannel mittens to
wear when hanging out. clothes in cold
weather. They are a great saving of the
hands. One who has once had a pair of
these mittens and one of these aprons
will not willingly do without either of
them."

 

We ﬁnd the following instructions re.

 

specting the washing of black silk or lisle

  


 

4: THE 'I-IOUSEHOLD.

 

thread stockings, in an exchange: “Put
a teacupful of bran in a thin muslin bag,
tie so that the bran is loose in'the bag.
and put into enough luke-warm water to
wash the stockings. Not aparticle of soap
is used, the bran water taking the place
of it. If the stockings are much soiled,
pass through two waters. Roll the
stockings tightly in atowel and dry at
once before the ﬁre—never in the open
air. By washing them in this way, black
stockings remain black until worn out.”

 

Cooked eggs, says “Aunt Em,” in the
Rural New Yorker, will always tarnish all
silver or plated-ware with which they
come in contact. Remedy: When wash-
ing spoons, forks, knives, etc., so discol-
ored, take up with a damp ﬁnger a small
quantity of very ﬁne table salt, and gently
rub the spot with it; the stain will disap-
pear at once. The ﬁnger is softer and
better than acloth.

 

The nicest and quickest thing to clean
Window glass with is clear water, not
very warm, anda chamois skin. Wash
the glass clean, then wring out the
chamois as dry as you can and wipe the
glass with it. This is all thatis necessary.
The glass will not dry streaked, and there
will be no lint on it. The skin can be
used many times with proper care.

Contributed Recipes.-

 

 

MRs. J. W. PERKINS, of this city, furnishes
the following :

LAYER FIG CAKs.—One cup sugar and a
quarter cup of butter, beaten to a cream; three
eggs, beaten very light; half~cup of milk; pinch
soda; season with extract lemon; add two tea'
spoonfuls baking powder to two cups of ﬂour,
and sift into the whole; bake in three layers.
Filling.——Half a pound fresh ﬁgs, chopped ﬁne;
half-cup sugar; cup of water; juice of half a
lemon; cook until tender. When cake and
ﬁgs are both cold, spread the ﬁlling between
the layers.

BANANA CAKE—Four eggs, beaten very
light; cup sugar; two tablespoonfuls melted
butter; half—cup water; one and a half cups of
ﬂour; two and a half teaspoonfuls baking
powder, sifted in the ﬂour; do not stir but beat
thoroughly the mixture after adding each in
gredient; bake in four layers. Filling.—For
frosting, use the whites of two eggs, beaten
stiﬁ ; sugar to thicken; frost both sides of each
layer; slice four large bananas and place be—
tween the layers and on top.

 

WE credit “Aaron’s Wife” with the two
following recipes:

FLOATING ISLAND.—Set a quart of milk to
boil, stir intoit the beaten yolks of six eggs;
ﬂavor with lemon or vanilla, and sweeten to
suit the taste. Beat the whites of the eggs to
a foam. When the custard is thick pOur into
aideep dish and heap the beaten whites upon
it.

» BIRD’s an'r PUDDING.—5Pare, quarter and
core nice tart apples; butter 3. deep pie-tin
and cover the bottom with the apples. Make
a batter of a pint of not very
rich, sour cream, one egg, a tea-
spoonful of soda, a little salt, three tea-
cupfuls of ﬂour; pour over the apples and
bake half an hour; when done turn bottom sid
up on a dish, and cover with butter and sugar

 

 

' Hood’s Sarsaparilla will drive that reddened
hiny salt rheum from the chin . 100 doses, $1.

 

 

 

AM PYLE'S

M

    

THE BEST THING KNOWN'

FOR

In Hard or Soft, Hot or Cold Water.

IAVES LABOR, TIME and SOAP AMAZ-
INGLY, and gives universal satisfaction. Na
family, rich or poor, should be without it.

Sold by all Grocers. BEWARE of imitations
well designed to mislead, PEARLINE Is the
ONLY SAFE labor—saying compound, and al-
ways bears the above symbol, and name of

JAMES PYLE. NEW' YORK.

 

WI LSON’S
Cabinet Creamery & Barrel Churn

AND ALL DAIRY SUPPLIES.

 

The woman‘s friend. It- saves three-fourths of the
labor In butter making; easily operated; you raise
sweet cream from sweet mills ; you have sweet
milk to feed which trebles its value. Send gfor a
circular. A cute wanted. Address

gin FLI T CABINEI‘ CREAMERY 00.,
:12—1 3t FLINTJMICH.

 

, Gathering
Dream.

Send for Dewayne to

Davis & llankin,

5000388038 10

Davie & Fairlamb,
DEALERS m

Creameryslmnlies.

24 to 28 Milwaukee Av.
Chicago, III.

r993 messages;
, A 1w am at.
.W.H M
120761, 0:23 with [2.6. m-
a p :- Clair-1' 0M.
. .... .. . amt-'- ""'
e rgnn n r. I.
new ﬁ’wos’raﬂan “'5' '- '
linrds (nuns concealed with hand
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pix. and this Ring for .I. Agenlf'ul- ..
””3333 mm" 3...?“ or... n
I a season. at wll is He:
nonnnonn our» 00. Nerthl’ord. do...

We will send you awatc‘h or a char II
II MAIL DR EXPRESS. G. O D.. to be
examined before paying any money
and if not satisfactory, returned at
our expense. We manufacture all
our watches and save you 30 per
cent. Catalogue of :50 styles free.
no. Annaass

Evsnv Wilma WAnnm
STANDARD AMERICAN WATCH 00.,
PITTSBURGH. PA.

 

    
    

   
 
  

 

Send six cents for pos e, and
receive free a costly x 01
goods which will help all to

”lure money right away that anything else in this
world. Fortunes await the workers absolutely
sure. Amnce address TRUE & Co, Augusta, Maine.

A MONTH, Ag’ts wanted. 90bestsell.
g I) 5 0 i articles in t 9 world. 1 sample “fee.
‘ a. A dreesJAY BRONSONDetrthwb

 

 

‘ PairlamTSystem

Michigan Central it. it.

Depot foot of Fourth street. Ticket ofﬁces. 154
Jeﬁerson ave., and De t. A11 trains arrive and
depart on Central Stan ard time, which is 28 min-
utes slower than Detroit time.

Limited Ex ress. . ..... § . $8.10 a m
§Daily. * xce t Sundays. fExcept Saturdays.
Except Mondays.

CHAS. A. WARREN, 0. W. RUGGLES,
City P. & T. Agt. Gen’l P. &. T. ,
Mar. 9, 1883. Detroit, Mich. Chicago, Il .

 

TATE 0F MICHIGAN—Circuit Court for
the County of Wayne. in Chancery.

At a session of said Court, held at the Circuit
Court room in the City of Detroit on the 15th day
of March in the year 1884. Present Hon. Wm.
J ennison, Circuit Judge, John H. Toepel and Ba-
hetta Toepel, Complainants vs. Matthew Higgins,
Daniel E. Prescott, Assimee, etc., Parker Mc-
Donald, Carlisle McDonald, Louis C. Hassinger,
David Preston, John L. Har er, Robert H. Brown,
Alfred Bunclark, Margaret .Brown, Sarah Bun-
clark, Herbert Bowen, administrator, etc., John
T. R. Brown and Sarah E. Brown, Defendants.
Upon due roof by afﬁdavit that Parker McDonald
and Carlis eMcDonald, defendants in the above
entitled cause, pending in this court, reside out
of the said State of Michigan and in the State of
Ohio, and on motion of Carpenter & Harman, so-
licitors for Complainants, it is ordered that the
said defendants Parker McDonald and Carlisle
McDonald do appear and answer the bill of com-
plaint ﬁled in the said cause within four (4 months
from the date of this order, else the ear bill of
complaint shall be taken as confessed, and furth-
er that this order be published within twenty days
from this date in the MICHIGAN FARMER, a news-
paper printed in said Count of Wayne. and be
pnblis ed therein for six wee s in succession.

M. J ENNISON, Circuit Judge.

A true copy:

WILLIAM P. LANE, Deputy Register.
CARPENTER & HANNAN.
Complainants' Solicitors.
HENRY A. HAIGH. of counsel.

ON December 6, 1872, Louis Feys and Mari Felys
gave toWilliam Meulenbroeck amortg eon ot
four of Crane & Wesson’s section of the orsyth
farm, being in section fourteen 01' said farm, in
Detroit, Wayne County, Michigan. Said mort-
gage was accorded in the Register’s ofﬁce for
said County of Wayne, on December 9, 1872, in
liber 88 of mortgages, on page 435. It was assign-
ed June 22, 1881, to James J. Atkinson. There is
now due on it 3603. Notice is hereby given that
by virtue of the ower of sale in said mort age, I
shall on the F0 RTH DAY OF APRIL, 1 , at
12 o'clock noon. sell said premises at public ven-
due at the Griswold street entrance to the Ci
Hall, in Detroit, the place for holding the Ciro
Court for said County of Wayne.

JAMES J. ATKINSON.

Detroit, January 6, 1884.

 

 

5 NEW Style Chrome Cards with

your name in fancy type, 10:.
11 packs and this Elegant Locket. (suita-
ble for lady or gent.) $1. 5 ~ “

  

‘ book forag'ts.25c. NE?
CARD 00., New Haven, Ct. " '

 

Low prices. Long credit. Rich agricultural and
grazmg lands, producing wheat, rye, oats, corn,
cotton, grasses and all the choice fruits, near
schools, churches and railroads. Cheap land ex-
cursions every month For maps of Texas, Ar-
kansas, Missouri and Kansas, with all information
address J. B. FRAWLEY, Pass. and Land Agent
Missouri Paciﬁc R). 00., 109 Clark Street, Chicago

 

lllinois. jl-ly

Leave. Arrive.

Chicago Trains going west from west.
New York Limited Ex. . ......... $11.59 a m
Mail,via Main & Airline *6.55 a m #610 p In
Da E ress. . .. #930 a m *635 p m
Kai: &X'Fhree Rivers Ac *4.00 p m ‘11.45 a in
Jackson Express ....... 5.50 p in $9.55 a In
EveningEExpress ....... §7.55 p m $.85 a In
Paciﬁc xpress ........ 99.15 p m 95.56 am .

GRAND RAPIDS TRAINS.
Fast Express... . . 511.59‘pm
Day Express ........... *9.30 a m «3.26 p I
Grand Rapids Express. *4.00 p m I“11.45 p Ill
Night Express ......... §9.15 p m $.25 a m
sAsINAw AND BAY CITY TRAINS.
Bay City & Sig. Exp. . *4.55 n m ”.50 p n ,
Marquette & ackinaw *8.45 a m ‘11.20 p m
Night Express ......... 110.55 p m *5.66 a m
ronano TRAINS.
Cincinnati Express. . .. *8.20 a m .126 pm
St.L. Cin. Clev. and Col .10 p In 511.50 a 1!!
Cincinnati Express. . .. 6.50 p In *8.35 a 1!:
Toledo Express. .. . . . .. +9.30 p In 512.05 a In
Canada Division. '
Leave. Arrive.
Buffalo and To- going east. from

ronto Trains. ——
Atlantic Express ....... - §6.15 a In $8.50p m
Accomt’n from Windsor *7.15‘a m *8.50 p m
Fast Day Express ...... 1511.59 a m 53.00 p In
New York & Boston Ex *7.30 p m .........

    
   

HOMES IN TEXAS & ARKANSAS -

  

("I

  
  

 

 
  
    
   
   
  
 
   
 
    
   
  
    
  
  
    
   

   
  
 


ya
1d

 

{or

 

 

 

  

THE

    

HOUSEHOLD. . 5

 

 

@132 guiding @3131. '

Feeding Young Chicks-

Young chicks cannot procure green
food at this season, and consequently are
subject to constipation which sometimes
destroys a whole brood. The chief
trouble is feeding raw soft food This is
not injurious, however, if it consists of
all that is required for the growth of the
chicks. In the early stages the feathering
is very rapid, which accounts for the con-
stant appetite of the chicks, which keep
their crops full all the time. But there is
such a thing as starving the chicks even
in the midst of plenty, and that is the
policy often pursued by those who feed
liberally but not the right kind. Corn
meal certainly serves to create heat in the
chicks, a very essential matter, for ’they
should be warm and comfortable, but the
chick in its ﬁrst stages demands material
for bone and feathers, and in order to
eat enough corn meal to supply the natur-
al want in that' direction the internal
organs are imp aired and the chick droops.
Neglect will so retard a chick that it can-
not recover. The loss of a single meal
will often do this, and hence the necessity
for regularity in feeding. The demand
for the production of bone and feathers
is mostly for lime, and this should be ac-
companied by iron and phosphoric acid.
Lime may be givenin the shape of bone
meal, ground ﬁne, oyster shells, or as old
mortar pulverized. Even slaked lime is
appropriate for use, and the food also
contains_traoes of it. Iron exists in al1
vegetation in minute quantities, but a
little copperas solution to the drinking

water will supply all that is needed.

The best method of feeding is to allow
nothing the ﬁrst twenty-four hours. Then
give hard boiled egg for a day or two. It
is well after that time to mix together one
part corn meal, two parts ground oats,
and one part wheat bran (ship stuff)
moistened with boiling water to a
crumbly dough. Once and a while give
mashed potatoes, and occasionally vary
with a little hard boiled egg, chopped
cabbage, boiled turnips, etc., keep warm
and dry, feed regularly, and keep them
up on stormy days—Farm and Garden.

 

 

 

Sand Bath for Fowls.

Fowls must have a sand-bath. It is
their sponge, towel, tooth brush and
dressing comb all in one. How would
you feel, my dainty lady, if denied all
your toilet appendages and compelled to
go day after day unwashed and unkempt
and to wear soiled and rumpled garments?
Even so suﬁers Mistress Biddy Without
her daily dust-bath, and Nature, that in—
fallible teacher, directs her to the nearest
and most convenient place for such aren-
ovation of the skin and feathers. If no
other soft, sandy, and loamy earth is at
hand you may be sure she will use your
ﬂower bed without regard to conse
quences. She may learn to hide at your
approach, taught by a blind instinct that
you are her enemy, but the idea that you
begrudge her the dearest delight of her

     

 

hapless days—the use of the free soil gr
her bodily needs—in one that poor Bid-
dy's small brain can never comprehend.
Descend to her level, then, yourself; con-
sider her wants and supply them without
delay. So shall the “irrepressible con-
ﬂict” of Biddy’s wishes and yours in re-
gard to the ﬂower beds be amicably set-
tled, and both of you hereafter live in
peace. Haveacart full of loam, sand,
and road dust, and a sprinkling of ashes,

'charcoal, and sulphur placed under cover

where your fowls can sun themselves,
dust their bodies to the destruction of
annoying parasites, and scratch and bury
themselves by the hour together when-
ever the wish may seize them, and you
may lay the ﬂattening unction to your
soul that the beatitude which refers to
the “quality of mercy” may be applied
to yourself then, if never before—Poultry
World.

___..._.__.._

THE American Cultivator, speaking of
the likelihood of the poultry business
being overdone, says: “ One of the larg-
est and wealthiest establishments in Bos-
ton has offered forty cents per dozen the
year round for 150 dozen fresh eggs per
day—only 1,050 dozen per week—but
every one of them must be known to be
absolutely fresh, beyond all question. To
suppose they are so, or to replace a stale
one with forty good ones, will not do,
and yet, not a poulterer. has been found
who dares tackle the contract and give
bonds for its faithful performance. It

‘would, perhaps, be an easy matter to ac-

complish it at most seasons of the year,
but in the fall, when your fowls had been
killed, or would not be laying if alive,
and before your pullets had commenced
to lay much, it would require a larger
ﬂock than any one man ever kept since
Noah’s lone pair ﬁrst stepped out of the

ark.”
—-—-—0—v.—0——-—

SCALY legs, or ” scab,” is the work of a
minute parasite, and is easily removed.
Mix a tablespoonful of coal oil with half
an ounce of lard, and rub it well into the
legs. Do this twice aweek for two weeks,
and the legs will be clean. The coal oil
changes the color to a white for a little
while on some fowls, but, if preferred, a
tablespoonful of sulphur may be mixed
with the lard instead of the coal oil,
which will remove the scale without dis-
coloration; but neither remedy should be
used in‘ damp weather.

.__..__..._._..__

THE Farmer’s Advocate, (Canada) gives
the following recipe for roup pills, which
it endorses as as good as any sold: “Equal
parts of asafetida, hyposulphite of soda
and salt, mix well, and give a pill twice a
day. Wash the beak and nostrils with a
strong solution of copperas, and put a lit-
tle copperas water in that used for drink-
ing.”

A GREAT poultry farm at Rushford,
England, has failed, and the entire stock
of over 3,000 fowls is offered for sale.
The N. Y. Tribune comments that the
proﬁts from the poultry business seems to
diminish in proportion, as the fowls are
multiplied in number beyond a very
limited number.

 

REAL ESTATE FOR SALE

TATE OF MICHIGAN, £88
COUNTY or Wasnrmuw, '

In the matter of the estate of Clara L. Stone and
Willie J. Stone, minors. Notice is hereby given,
that in pursuance of an order granted to the un-
dersigned, guardian of the estate of said minor
by the Hon. Jud e of Probate for the Countyo
Washtenaw, on t e tenth day of November, A. D.
1883, there will be sold at public vendue, to the
highest bidder, on the premises, in the Township
of Sumpter, in the County of Wayne, in the State
of Michigan on WEDNESDAY, THE NINTH
DAY OF Af’RIL, A. D. 1884, at 12 o’clock noon
of that day (subject to all encumbrances by mort-
gage or otherwise existing at the time of the sale
the following described real estate, to wit: A
that parcel of land lying and being in the town-
ship of Sumpter, County of Wayne and State of
Michigan, described as beginning on the south-
west quarter of section six in said township,
seventy-two rods north of the southwest corner
stake of said section, thence running north to the
south line of lands formerly owned by Henry
Willard. being the northwest fractional quarter of
the southwest quarter of said section, thence east
on said line twenty rods, more or less, to the west
line of lands formerly owned by James Sherman.
thence south eight rods along said Sherman's line,
thence west twenty rods, more or less, to the west
line of said section, and to the place of beginning,
being one acre of land, more or less.

Dated February 21, 1884.

WILLIAM P. STONE, Guardian.

ORTGAGE SALE.-Whereas, default has
been made in the conditions of a certain

mortgage made and executed the ﬁrst day of June,
in the year 1880, executed by John T. R. Brown
and Sarah H. Brown his wife, Robert H. Brown
and Margaret E. Brown, his wife, and Alfred
Bunclark and Sarah Bunclark, his wife, all of De
troit, Wayne County, State of Michigan, to W11
liam J. Linn, of the same place, which said morb
gage was recorded in the ofﬁce of the Register of

eeds of the County of Wayne, in liber 159 of
Mortgages, on page 124, on the 29th day of J une,
in the year 1880, at 2:33 o’clock, p. In. Said mort-
gage was duly assigned to John H. Toepel and

abetta Toepel, of Detroit, Wayne County, State
of Michi an, on the twentieth day of January,
1882, an said assignment was recorded in the
oﬁice of the Register of Deeds of the County of
Wayne, in liber 20, assignments of mortgages, on
page 242, on the 21st day of January, A. D. 1882.
And whereas, there is now due and unpaid
on» said mortgage, under the terms there
of, the sum of seven hundred and ﬁfty-eight and
36—100 dollars, of which thirty-three and 44—100
dollars are the taxes paid by the assignees of the
mort agce, which, by the terms of this mor e
constitute part of the amount due, and the fur b-
er sum of twenty-ﬁve dollars as an attorney fee,
stipulated for in said mortgage, and, whereas.
no suit or proceeding at law or in equity has been
instituted to recover the debt secured by said
mortgage, or any part thereof; now, therefore.
notice is hereby given that by virtue of the power
of sale in said mortgage contained, and of the
statutes of the State of Michigan in such case
made and provided, the said mortgage will be
foreclosed y a sale of the premises therein des-
cribed, at public auction, to the highest bidder,
at the east door of the City Hall in the City of De-
troit in said County of Wayne, that being the
place where the Circuit Court for the County of
Wayne is held, on the second day of A ril, A. D.
1884, at ten o‘clock in the forenoon 0 that day;
which said premises are described in said mort-
gage as follows, to wit: “All that certain piece, "
parcel or lot of land situate, lying and being in the
City of Detroit, County of Wayne and State of
Michigan, known and described as lot numbered-
thrre hundred and forty-f0 1r (344) of J ohnston's
subdivision of Private Claim numbered fort -fonr
(44), Lafontaine Farm, on the east side 0 Six~
teenth street.”

Dated January 2d, 1884.

JOHN H. TOEPEL,
BABETTA TOEPEL,
Assignees of Mortgagee.
CARPENTER & HANNAN,
Attorneys for Assignees.

ON the 20th day of July, 1875, Jeremiah Calnon
gave to Nicholas Woods, Catherine Woods and
Mary Ann Woods. a mortgage on four undivided
ﬁfth outs of the following pieces or parcels of
landsiruaie. ncing and lying in the City of De-
trmt, Wayne County, Michigan, and described as
lot number we (5) and fractional lot number six
(6) in block forty nine (49) of the Forsyth or
Porter Farm, so-callcd, on the south side of Por—
ter street, between Fifth and Sixth Streets. Said
mortgage was recorded in the Register’s ofﬁce for
the County of Wayne, Michigan. in liber 97 of
mortgages. on page 409, on July 20, 1875. The in-
terest of said Mary Ann Woo-is therein was as-
signed on May 2, 1831, to said Nicholas Woods,who,
with said Catherine Woods, assigned said mort—
gage to William F. Atkinson and James J. At-

inson on the 18th day of December, 1883. There
is now due on said mortgage 8329. Notice is
hereby given that by virtue of the power of sale
in said mortgage, we shall, on the THIRD DAY
of APRIL, 1884, at 12 o‘clock noon, scll'said prem‘
ises at public vendue at the Griswold street on
trance to the City Hall in Detroit, the place for
holding the Circuit Court for the County in which
said premises are situated .

WILLIAM F. ATKINSON,
JAMES J. ATKINSON.
Dated Detroit, January 2, 1884 ~

 

 


 

e - THE HOUSEBOLD.

 

 

For the Michigan Farmer.
LIGHT AND VISION.

 

There are two prominent theories as to
the explanation of light. The Newtonian
theory is that light is composed of very
minute particles or corpuscles, far too
minute to be discovered by the human eye,
thrown off by a luminous body. The oth-
er theory is the undulatory vibrations of
a luminous substance transmitted through
a rariﬂcd medium called ether. The lat-
ter theory seems to have been very gener-
ally accepted as nearer correct. Light
travels, . when unimpeded, in straight
lines, in every direction, with incompre-
hensible velocity. The sun is some ninety-
ﬂve millions of miles from the earth.
Later computations make it less. Light
comes from that source in eight minutes,
traveling at the rate of 200,000 miles in a
second of time. For convenience, light
is divided into rays, beams and pencils.
A ray is a single line of light; this, of
course, is only imaginary. A beam is a
bundle or collection of rays; a pencil'is a
collection of convergent rays as they are
brought to a focus; diverging as they eman-
ate from the sun. candle or any luminous
body, increasing from a certain point.
The action of light upon various bodies
is truly wonderful and very pleasing to
study. Before I commence the analysis
of light, I will mention some of the re-
sults produced by its action upon gaseous
and solid matter. In mixing chlorine
and hydrogen gases no chemical change
will take place while the mixture is ex-
cluded from light, but when brought in
contact with a bright light they combine.
When a solution of nitrate of silver is ex-
posed to light it turns dark immediately;
this effect is the foundation of the art of
photography. One of the most wonder-
ful effects produced by light is its chemi-
calaction on the vegetable kingdom; un-
der its agency plants have the power to
decompose the carbonic acid‘ gas of the
atmospheric air. Through this action,
plants separate the carbon from the car-
bonic acid gas, which they retain for their
growth; at the same time the oxygen is
thrown out into the atmospheric air.
Plants live upon the poisonous gas we ex—
hale, while we are kept alive by what
plants refuse to retain, oxygen gas, the
life-giving element of atmospheric air.
There is an idea in relation to the Chemi-
cal action of light upon the leaves of
plants I will mention in this connection,
that has never been noticed by scientists;
it came to me while studying prismatic
colors several years ago. It is this: That
the action of light upon the leaves of

plants, oxidizing their color, always
changes their tints according to the
prismatic scale. For instance, the leaves
on a maple tree in mid-summer are green,
an intermediate color from blue and yel-
low; toward autumn it changes to yel-
low, a primary color; then orange, an-
other intermediate color from yellow and
red; lastly, it changes from orange to red,
a primary, and the 'last color reﬂected by
light. The reader will remember seeing
some of these tints at sunset, thelast color
reﬂected being red, darkness follows.

relation to the curious and useful elfects

‘ of light, but for the present what I have

written will have to sufﬁce.

I will now proceed with the analysis of
light, then follow with a few words on
the anatomy and physiology of the eye,
showing how vision is produced through
the agency of light. When a ray of light
falls perpendicularly upon any transpar-
ent medium, such as water or glass, it
passes through in a straight line; but if it
falls at an angle or in an oblique direc-
tion, it is refracted or bent from a straight
line. When a ray of light passes from a
rarer into a denser medium. as from air
into water, it is bent toward a line per.
pendicular to the surface; but when it
passes from a denser into a rarer medium
the reverse is produced. Different me-
diums have different refractive powers;
the denser the medium the greater is the
refractive power. There are some beau-
tiful and instructive lessons to be learned

from the reﬂection of light. When rays
of light pass through a medium unchang
ed, it is transparent; partly changed, it is
said to be semi-transparent or translucent;
but when no light passes through, it is
opaque. Opaque bodies may absorb the
rays of light or reﬂect them. When light-
strtkes a highlylpolished surface in an
oblique direction, it is reﬂected off in a
similar angle. The line from where light
emanates to where it is reﬂected is called
the angle of incidence; the line from the
reﬂecting body to the eye is called the an-
gle of reﬂection; these angles are aIWays
equal. By this method of explanation
we can readily understand how our image
is so perfectly reﬂected in a mirror. The
light reﬂected from our bodies does not
pass through the mirrrr, but coming in
contact with the polished surface of the
amalgam on the back of the mirror. it is
reﬂected back in straight lines. forminga
perfect image of the person reﬂected, pro-
viding there are no imperfections in the
glass. The amalgam on the btck of a
mirror is composed of 8 Combination of
quicksilver and the metal tin. The image
in the mirror seems to stand as remote
from the glass as the individual whose
image is reﬂected, thus proving that the
angle of incidence is equal to the angle
of reﬂection. White light is composed of
many colored rays: this fact has been
proven by the prism, A prism is a trian-
gular piece of glass, or some other trans-
parent body used by scientists to separate
the colored rays composing a ra of sun-
light. According to the old or ewtonian
theory, light wai composed of seVen
primary colors, viz: violet, indigo, blue,
green, yellow, orange and red; while the
newer or Brewster theory gives only
three primary colors, viz: blue, yellow and
red. It is a fact that all the intermediate
cotors are combinations of these; for in-
stance, red and blue produce violet; blue
and yellow produce green; yellow and
red produce orange color; these results
are of practical importance to a painter.

What 1 know of blending Colors tor land-
scape painting I learned from the rain-

bow when quite a lad. In the prismatic
colors there are diﬁerent degrees of illn-
minating powers; for instance, when they

are thrown upon printed paper, one Color
will render the words distinct, while
others will cast a blur over them. There

are'also different degrees of heat in these

colored rays. The red ray, being the least
refrangible, contains the greatest amount

of heating power; this power is lessened

as the approach is made to the violet

color. There is an instrument called the

spectroswpe, being a combination of the

spectrum with the ordinary telesCope,

used to ascertain the chentiCal character

of the sun and other luminous orbs.

 

ﬂare is a great'deal that might be said in

duced by the reﬂection of all the colored
rays, while the latter is the result of the
absorption of all and the I'lﬂPClIOn of
none. The explanation why ﬂowers, or
any colored substanCes. are red. blue and
yellow, is the absorption of all colored
rays. and the reﬂection of the color in
question;if variegated, then two or more
colors are rt-ﬂected at the same time.
“Accidental colors " will require a few
words of explanation. Suppose I should
place the prismatic colors in the form. of
a circle, just one-half of the sewn-colors,
counting from any one. that would be its
accidental color. 1 will further demon-
strate this fact; should any one wearing
dark spectacles take‘ them off suddenly
every thing would appear white to them,
that beingthe accidental color (f black,
and vice versa. If we look for a time at

it. everything will seem to be tinged with
blue or a bluish—green, which hue is the
-the accidental color of red.

I now’ come to treat of the effect of
light upon the human eye, and in order
to do this satisfactorilya simple lesson on
the anatomy of the human eye is neces
sary. The ball of the eye is nearly round.
It has four coats;'the conjunctiva, a mem-
brane lining the eyelids; sclerotica, the
hard, grayislrwhite coat forming the
white of the eye: the choroid coat under~
lies the sclerotica; the retina is the inner.
most coat of the eye. Upon this delicate
membrane are the expanded ﬁbres of the
optic nerve, forming a net-work and ar.
rangement of nerve'cells. There is in
the front portion of the internal eye a
liquid called the aqueous or watery
humor; the iris, a circular curtain, the
same which gives color to the
eye, divides this humor into a front and
back chamber; the chrystalline lens lies
immediately behind the back chamber
mentioned. The use of this lens is to
concentrate the rays of light upon the
retina, to render vision perfect. In the
rear of this lens is the vitreous humor,
forming about four-ﬁfths of the bulk of
the eye. As I have mentioned some of
the principal parts of the eye, next comes
how light produces vision. In the ﬁrst
place, why have we two eyes when we
.may see distinctly with one? It is to in‘
crease the light. or to take in more of the
light reﬂected from the object looked at,
making it. appear more distinct. There is
asmall opening in the front of the eye

curtain named the iris. Rays of light
passing in through the pupil, are con-
verged or drawn to a focus by the lens,
which produces a perfect reﬂection upon
the retina of any object in view. In case
there is too much light passinginto the
eye, the curtain or iris Contracts or nar-
rowsthe pupil in orderto prevent a blur.
the result of too strong light. In case
light is too feeble to render an object
distinct. this curtain relaxes, thus en-
larging the pupil to admit all the rays of
light possible. in order to stimulate the
retina through the optic nerve, to reﬂect
aperfect image. The shape of the eye
has much to do in perfecting vision.
When the cornea or from. of the eye is
too ﬂat or too rounding. the vision is not
perfect; this I will more fully explain.
When the cornea is in a normal condi-
tion, the image by the converging rays
oflight, will strike perfectly noon the
retina, producing natural vision; but if
the cornea is too convex or too promin-
ent. the image ofa distant object is formed
before it reaches the retina: conseqtn ntly
itts not seen distinctly. This defect is
called “near sightedness.” Unfortunate-
ly. this is too preValent throughout our
Country, owing tothe crammingsystem of
our schools by oVertasking the pupils.
In case the cornea is too ﬂat, there is a
tendency tn the lens to throw the image
beyond the retina, making vision imper-
l'ect. This is termed "far-sightedness,”

 

White and black are only relative terms;
not properly colors; the former is pro-

n diﬂicnlty common to old people. This
defect is usually owing to the drying up

  

ared-bot ﬁre, and then look away from ‘

called the pupil; around this orifice is a .

  

  
 

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THE HOUSEHOLD. 7

 

of the humors of the eyes, producing the
ﬂattening of the cornea. already referred
to. There is a Wonderful display of
God‘s wisdom in the completeness of the
retina. To think that enormous objecta,
miles of landscape, may be accurately
pictured within a small circle. less than
half an inch in diameter, is almost incred-
ible, neVertheless it is an established fact.
There are anomalous conditions of the
senses of taste, smell and hearing, partial
and com lete; the same can he said ofthe
eye. There are eyes insensible to certain
Colors; this defect is called “col-tr blind-
ness.” A gentleman once mistook a pink
ctlor for a pale blue; full red for green.
In the transactions of a philosophical
society is mentioned the case of a shoe-
maker, who could only recognize ripe
cherries by their size and shape, not by
their color. An amusing account is
giVen of a tailor who repaired a black
garment with crimson; put a patch of the
suite color on the elbow of a blue coat.
Why the retina through the net-work of
the optic nerve. is not. susceptible to all
Colors, is a difﬁcult problem to solve.
The fact of color-blindness, has led rail-
road men to examine employes, before
engtging them for responsible positions,
as to their knowledge of colors. Color
blindness might lead an engineer to com-
mit a fatal mistake by mistaking the
color of a signal.

It may he interesting to say afew words
in relation to comparative vision.
Scientists have not discovered eyes in the
low” order of animals. Nearly all in-
sects have eyes, either while in the larva
or perfect state. Some are furnished with
tWo kinds of eyes; those situated on the
sides of their heads are called compound
eyes, while those on the top (mostly three
in number) are called stemmata. These
eyes are often Very numerous. running
1mm 50 to 20.000. The eye ofalish is
peculiarly adapted to see in water. While
the cornea. is ﬂat. the cbrystalline lens is
round; one apparent defeCt. is remedied by
another, thus r nderiug vision in water

erfect. The eyes of birds, comparative-
y speaking, are much larger titan those
of animals. The chief peculiarity in the
eye of a bird is its capacity to adapt itSelf
to long or short ranges of vision; to dense
or rare mediums of atmospheric aim-see-
ing quickly all While soariugto an enor-
mous altitude, as when on the ground
devouring its prey. it is generally sup~
posed that eagles and vultures discoVer
dead carcasses by the sense of smell. This
has been proven incorrect. They are

uided by the acuteness of their vision.
i naturalist completely deceived a vulture
by placing a stuffed deer in a ﬁeld. The
bird was not satisﬁed that it was a decep-
tion until it had picked the threads loose
that held the hay inside the dry skin. A
dead hog was once thinly covered with

bay, in the hot month of July. The

numerous vultures ﬂying over did not
discover it, while dogs, who are guided
by the sense of smell, soon found and de-
Voured it. The eyes of night-birds and
animals have very large pupils, calcu-
lated to take in the few rays of light re-
ﬁected at night, thus enabling them to
see their prey distinctly. Nocturnal
birds and animals mostly sleep during
the daytime, or remain in astupid con-
dition; this is owing to the eXIremely
sensitive nature of their eves to a bright
light. Take a cat for instance, into the
sunlight, and its eyes commence blinking
immediately, thus demonstrating the
omniscience of God in giving the delicate,
sensitive eye of a nocturnal _animal or
bird a natural protection.

In conclusion, reader, save your eyes.
They are delicate organs. more easily in
juredthan restored. Do not overtask them
In your thirst for knowledge. NeVer read
ina too strong or feeble light. When

our eyes begen to feel irritated by read-
ng, give them rest. B. n.

 

Hood’s gawk-makes the weak strong

 

Till} lMPllllVllll ilN_G_lll_i_S_llWlNG MACHINE!

The “ Michigan Farmer ”‘One Year and a Machine
For Only $18.00!

a}; We have made arrangements
:, ~ to have manufactured for us a
w- large number of oucof the best
Sewing Machines mm in use.
which we shall so” at about
one-third usual priCcs. Each
machine will be nicely ﬁnished
with a Box Cover, a Drop Leaf
Table, anti Four Drawn-s, and
will contain,a full net of the
latest improved attachments.
This illustration is . n exact
representation of the Machine
we send out.

The cut below represents the
“ Head ” or machine part of the
Sewing Machine. All parts are
made to gauge exactly, and are
constructed of the Very ﬁnest
and best material. It is strong,
light, simple and durable. Does
to perfection all kinds of sewing
and ornamental work that can
be done on any machine.

Each machine is thoroughly
well made and ﬁtted with the
utmost nicety and exactness,
and no machine is permitted by
the inspectors to go out of the
shop until it has been fully tested and proven to do perfect work, and run light and
with as little noise as possible. This machine has a very important improvement in
a Loose Balance W heel, so constructed as to permit winding bobbins without to-
moving the work from the machine.

The LOOSE BALANCE
WHEEL is actuated by a
Solid bolt passing through a
collarsecurely pinned to the
shaft outside of the balance
wheel, which bolt is ﬁrmly
held to position by a strong
spiral spring. When 9. bob-
bin is to be wound, the bolt
is pulled out far enough to
release the balance wheel
and turned slightly to the
right or left, where it is held
by a stop—pin until the bob- . _ ‘ , _ ,
bin is ﬁlled. Where the ma- . .
chine is liable to be meddled with by children, the bolt can be left out of the wheel
when not in use, so that it can not be Operated by the treadle.

The Thread Eyelet and the Needle Clamp are made SELF-memo, which in a
great convenience to the operator.

THE BALANCE WHEEL is handsomely ﬁnished and nickle plated.

The IMPROVED TENSION and THREAD LIBERATOR combined odd:
greatly to the value of this machine.

    

ALL THE STANDS HAVE

The New Driving Wheel.

This Driving Wheel is theinvention of John D. Law-
less, secured by patent, dated Feb. 7, 1882, and is claim-
ed to be the best device yet invented, beingthe simplest,
easiest running, and most convenient of the many that
have been tried. It can be easily adjusted and all wear
taken up by turning the cone-pointed screw. [t is the
only device operating on a center that does not inter-
, fere with other patents. Dealers who wish to sell these
machines will appreciate this fact.

The Stands have rollers in legs and the Band Wheels
are hung upon self-oiling adjustable journals. Each.
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it runs very light and smoothly.

' We have selected this style and ﬁnish of machine as
being the most desirable for family use.

We furnish the Machine complete as shown in above
cut, and include the following attachments, 85c. One
J ohnson’s Foot Rutﬂer. one set Hemmcrs one Tucker,
one Foot Hemmer or Friller, one package Needles. six
Bobbins. Screw Driver, Can of Oil, Extra Check Spring,
extra Throat Plate, Gauge Screw, Wrench, Instructions.

Each Machineis Guaranteed as represented and to give satis-
faction, or it may be returned and money refunded.

Address all orders to
JOHNSTONE Gt GIBBONS, Publishers Mrcmem Fm
44 Lamed St., West, Detroit, Mich.

 

  


 

  

THE HOUSEHOLD.

 

 

pisrisu.

 

 

Extremes Among Bees.
Frank Benton, now at Munich, writes
the Bee- Keepers’ Magazine about two
races of bees he found during his stay at
Ceylon, which he speaks of as the “Tom
Thumb among Bees,” and the “ Giant
Bees.” ‘
I have with me a small box containing
some very curious little bees with their
equally curious queen and combs.
bees, though belonging to the numerous
family apidae, are only distant cousins of
our honey bees, not being in the genus
Apia, but that known as Trigona. The
worker of these bees is three-sixteenths
of an inch long, has a large head and a
small blunt abdomen, the wings being
longer than the latter. It is shiny brown-
ish black, with one light colored ring
under the wings and the whole under
part of the abdomen whitish in color. It
is stingless, but the natives say it enters
one’s ears, and therefore wrap up their
heads when approaching one of the nests.
I gave no heed to this caution, yet got none
in my ears. The workers are very active
and gather pollen and honey. It is really
amusing to see them come in laden with
pollen, the pellets being large in propor-
tion to the‘ leg of the bee or even to its
body. The strength of the individual
bees is wonderful—far greater, I believe,
than that of any ant of corresponding
size. I have seen one of them drag along
with apparent case a dead hornet which
was very large, I should think at least.
ﬁfty times as great as itself. The queen
. is reddish-brown, or leather colored. and,
' like the queen of some kinds of ants, has
an immense abdomen, her wings being
wholly inadequate to the task of lifting
her body into the air. The worker-brood
cells of this bee are about half the size,
and of the shape, of short, plump grains
' of wheat, and are placed in irregular
bunches with passages between; the pollen
cells and the honey cells are fully as large
as good-sized peas, but each kind forms
a group of its own.
I found these bees in a small hollow
tree in the jungle. .
They had built down from the hole of
the tree a tube about a foot long, a half
inch in diameter, and composed of parti-
cles of wood glued together with some
resinous gum. Through this tube the
bees entered, and it evidently served as a
protection against some of their enemies.
A nest of ants was located farther down in
the same tree, butI noticed that these in-
sects, so ravenous in tropical countries,
avoided this tube. Another colony of
these bees which I found lodged in a hol-
low iron pillar in front of a village inn,
had built no such tube, the entrance hole
being just large enough to admit one bee
at a time.
V It was, unfortunately, only just before
I-was to re-embark with the Cyprian and
Holy Land bees I had brought with me,
to continue my journey to the Dutch
East Indies, that I gained any satisfactory

These

sought them in the forests and every-
where I had been, had made inquiries
among the natives, but had not found
them; then I visited the government
museum, and, though none were to be
seen there, one of the gentlemen con-
nected with it, introduced me to Mr.
Wright, a retired planter and a lover of
ﬂowers, birds, and insects, who had often
seen bambera, the largest bee of Ceylon,
which I fully believe is apis dorsata. He
told me they were not often found near
the coast, but generally built their combs
upon the branches of trees in the primi-
tive forests. He had, however, been
called upon to remove from the upper
part of the hotel window in Colombo—
the principal seaport of Ceylon, a large
nest of these bees. I remember having
read, also, that a swarm of them once
took up quarters in a coal shed in Pointode
Galle, another seaport town Thus they
.do enter occasionally the lower sea-coast
regions, and sometimes live in an inclos-
ed space. “Why,” said my informant,
who is one of the most respected and in-
ﬂuential citizens of Ceylon, “ I have seen
combs of bambera hanging down fully
ﬁve feet from the branches of the trees.
The natives climb into the branches of
the trees and cut off the combs and let
them down with ropes, ‘andI have seen
them load thirty men with the honey and
wax taken from one bambera tree !" Again
he remarked: “When they swarm the
air is black with them, and Ihave seen a
stream of them as long as from here to the
museum.” The distance indicated was
nearly half a mile!

 

Ms. L. HAmusON, in the Prairie Farm-
er, says: “ When it is time to remove
bees from the cellar, the stands they are
to occupy should be prepared beforehand.
They should be higher at the back, in—
clining to the front; if the height of two
bricks are at the back, one will answer
for the front. This inclination to the
front is an important matter; it facilita-
tes the carrying out of dead bees and
debris from the hive, the escape of mois-
ture, and last, and most important item, '
bees will build their comb straight in the
frame instead of crosswise of the hive,
and their surplus comb in boxes corres-
pondingly. If a few hives are removed
near the close of the day and put in dif~
ferent parts of the apiary, the danger
from swarming-out is avoided, for the bees
will become quiet before morning, and
being far apart will not mix up when
they have their play-spell. The success
of bee-keeping depends upon the faithful
performance of inﬁnite little items.”

——_«..___._
BEES that have been wintered in cellars,
or special repositories, are often injured
by being removed too early to their sum-
mer stands. It would be better to let
them remain, and lower the temperature
during warm days with ice, until warm
weather has come to stay.

WANTED.
A good farmer to take a farm in Monroe Count
Mich. Must be a man that understands stock and

 

 

TATE OF MICHIGAN.—The Circuit Court
for the County of Wayne. In Chancery. '
At a session of said Court, held at the Circuit
Court room in the City of Detroit, on the seventh
day of February in the year one thousand eight
hundred and eighty-four. Present: Hon. John J.
gapeed, Circuit Jud e. Anna K. Scheisler vs.
ichael Scheisler. t appearing in due form by
afﬁdavits ﬁled in said cause that said defendant is
a resident of the State of Michigan, that the sub-
poena issued in said cause was returned in due
time unserved, b reason of his continual absence
from his lace o residence, on motion of Atkin-
son & At 'nson, solicitors for said com lainant,
it is ordered that said defendant, Michac Scheis-
ler, appear in said cause and answer the bil
ﬁled therein on or before May 7th, 1884, and that
said order be published in the MICHIGAN FAlunsn,
a newspaper printed in said count y once a week
for six successive weeks and that such publica-
tion be commenced within twenty days from this
date. JOHN J. SPEED, Circuit Judge.
Dated February 7th, 1884.
A true copy:
Wu. P. LANE, Deputy Register in Chancery.

 

TATE 0F MICEIGAN.—In the Circuit
Court for the County of Wayne. Belle Sher-
man vs. Sylvester Sherman. In this cause it sat-
isfactorily a pearing to said Court from the am-
davits of Be le Sherman and J. W. Fletcher now
on ﬁle in said cause that, the said defendant 8 l-
vester Sherman is a resident of the State of Mic -
gan but whose resent place of abode is unknown,
on motion of . W. Fletcher, solicitor for com-
plainant, it is ordered that the said Sylvester Sher-
man appear, plead, answer or demur in this cause
within three months from the date of this order
or that in default thereof the bill of complaint in
this cause be taken as confessed against him.
Ordered further that a co of this order be pub-
lished in the MICHIGAN ABMEB, a newspaper

. published in said County at least once in each

week for six successive weeks succeeding the
date hereof. WILLIAM J. CRAIG,
Circuitvgourt gomnzissigng,
ayne oun y c igan.
Dated Detroit, February 20th, 1884. ’

THE SUPERIOR COURT OF DETROIT;
In Chancery. Edward G. Shipley, Com-—
plainant, vs. Susannah Shipley, Defendant.
It satisfactorily appearing to this court by ani-
d vit on ﬁle that the defendant, Susannah Shi
ey, is not a resident of this State, but is a res ~
dent of the Province of Ontario. On motion of
Robert Laidlaw, solicitor for complainant, it is or-
dered that the said defendant, Susannah Shiple ,
cause her appearance to be entered herein Wit It
four months from the date of this order, and in
case of her appearance that she cause her answer
to the complainant’s bill of complaint to be ﬁled,
and a copy thereof to be served on said complain-
ant’s solicitor within twenty days after the ser-
vice on her of a copy of said bill and notice of this
order, and in defau t thereof said bill be taken as
confessed by the said non-resident defendant, and
it is further ordered that within twenty days after
the date hereof the said complainant cause a no-
tice of this order to be published in the MICHIGAR
FARinm, a newspaper printed, published and cir-
culating in the County of Wayne and State of
Michigan, and that said publication be continued
therein at least once in each week for six succes-
sive weeks, or that he cause a copy of this order
to be personally served on said non-resident de-
fendant at least twenty days before the above time
prescribed for her appearance.
. LOGAN CHIPMAN,
Judge of the Superior Court of Detroit.
ROBERT LAIDLAW,
Solicitor for Complainant.
DErnoxr, March 11th, 1884.

 

mil-6t

 

HE SUPERIOR COURT OF DETROIT.
in Chancery. James Amor, Complainant,
vs. Emma a. Amor, Defendant.
It satisfactorily appearin to this Court by afﬁ-
davit on ﬁle, thai the defen ant, Emma A. amor,
is not a resident of this State. but resides in the
city of Hamilton, in the Province of Ontario. On
motion of Robert Laidlaw, Solicitor fx ,r com lain-
ant, it is ordered that the said defendant, mma
Amor, cause her appearance to be enter~
ed herein within iour- months from the - date of
this order, and in case of her appearance that she
cause her answer to the complainant’s bill of com-
plaint to be ﬁled, and a copy thegeof to be served?
on said complainant‘s solicitor within twenty day s
after service on her of a copy of said bill and no—
tice of this order, and in default thereof said bill.
be taken as confessed by the said non-resident
defendant. And it is further ordered that within
twenty s after the date hereof the said com-
lamaut ause a notice of this order to be pub-
ished in the MICHIGAN Fanunn, a newspaper
printed, published and circulating in the Count?
of Wayne, State of Michigan, and that such pub —
cation be continued therein at least once in each
week for six successive weeks, or that he cause a
copy of this order to be personally served on said
non-resident defendant at least twenty days be-
fore the above time prescribed for her a stance.
J. LOGAN CHIP N

Judge of the Superior Court of Detroit.

v ROBERT L AIDLAW

Solicitor for Com’plainant.
Dsrnorr, March 11th, 1884.

Hand-Book FREE.

mas-6t

 

 

 

information about the giant bees. I had

thewife a gilt- e butter-maker. Stock and
tools furnished. ferences nired Address
mil-4t B. E. BULLO , Tonno, O.

 
 

R. 8. d A. P. LACEY,

them.---

 

 

