<P_33>

1 . (LOCKE-E3-P1,33.2)

Mens Sana in Corpore Sano is a short but full description of a happy
state , (LOCKE-E3-P1,33.3)

he that has these two has litle more to wish for , (LOCKE-E3-P1,33.4)

and he that wants either of them is but litle the better for anything
else . (LOCKE-E3-P1,33.5)

Men's happynesse or misery is most part of their own makeing .
(LOCKE-E3-P1,33.6)

He whose minde directs not wisely will never take the right way ,
(LOCKE-E3-P1,33.7)

and he whose body is crazy and feeble will never be able to march in it
. (LOCKE-E3-P1,33.8)

I confesse there are some men's constitutions of body and minde soe
vigorous and well framed by nature that they need not much assistance
from others , but by the strength of their natural genius are from
their cradles carried towards what is exellent and by the vigor of
their constitutions are able to doe wonders , (LOCKE-E3-P1,33.9)

but these examples are but few , (LOCKE-E3-P1,33.10)

and I thinke I may say that of all the men we meet with , nine parts of
ten are what they are , good or evill , usefull or not , by their
Education . (LOCKE-E3-P1,33.11)

$'T $is {TEXT:Tis} that which makes the great difference in mankinde .
(LOCKE-E3-P1,33.12)

The litle and almost insensible impressions on our tender infancys have
very important and lasting consequences , (LOCKE-E3-P1,33.13)

and there $'t $is {TEXT:'tis} as in the fountains of some rivers where
a gentle application of the hand turns the flexible waters into chanels
that make them take quite contrary courses (LOCKE-E3-P1,33.14)

and by this litle impression given them in the soarse they come to
arrive at places distant and opposite . (LOCKE-E3-P1,33.15)

2 . (LOCKE-E3-P1,33.16)

I imagin the mindes of children as easily turned this or that way as
water itself , (LOCKE-E3-P1,33.17)

and though this be the principal part , and our main care should be
about the inside , yet the clay cottage is not to be neglected .
(LOCKE-E3-P1,33.18)

I shall therefore begin with the case , and consider first the health
of the body as that which perhaps you may rather expect from that study
which I have been thought more peculiarly to have applyd myself to ,
and that also which will be soonest dispached as lying as I thinke in a
very litle compass . (LOCKE-E3-P1,33.19)

<P_34>

3 . (LOCKE-E3-P1,34.21)

How necessary health is to our businesse and happynesse and how
necessary a strong constitution able to indure hardships and fatigue is
to one that will make any figure , be any thing considerable in the
world , is too obvious to need any proof . (LOCKE-E3-P1,34.22)

4 . (LOCKE-E3-P1,34.23)

Your sonne seemes to me to be of as strong principles of nature as any
childe I have seen , soe that one and the hardest part concerning the
body is spared . (LOCKE-E3-P1,34.24)

We need not trouble ourselves how to invigorate a weake and mend a
faulty constitution . (LOCKE-E3-P1,34.25)

We have nothing to doe but to preserve a good one and help it to
continue suitable to soe promising a begining , (LOCKE-E3-P1,34.26)

and that perhaps might be dispached all in a word by biding you to use
him as you see one of your ordinary tenants does his children .
(LOCKE-E3-P1,34.27)

5 . (LOCKE-E3-P1,34.28)

But because that perhaps may seeme to you a litle too short and to your
Lady a litle too hard who will be ready to say that $'t $is {TEXT:tis}
a signe he has noe children of his owne who would have others use their
{COM:sic} soe ill , I shall explaine my self a litle more particularly
only laying downe this as a generall and certain observation for the
women to consider viz. That most childrens constitutions are either
harmed or spoiled by cokering and tendernesse . (LOCKE-E3-P1,34.29)

I say not this to accuse Madame for I thinke her not guilty but to
fortifie her against the silly opinions of others . (LOCKE-E3-P1,34.30)

6 . (LOCKE-E3-P1,34.31)

The first thing then to be had a care of is that he be not too warmely
clad or coverd winter or sommer . (LOCKE-E3-P1,34.32)

The face when we are borne $is noe lesse tender then any other part of
the body . (LOCKE-E3-P1,34.33)

$'T $is {TEXT:Tis} use alone hardens it and makes it more able to
endure the cold , (LOCKE-E3-P1,34.34)

and therefore the Scythian philosopher gave a very significant answer
to the Athenian who wonderd how he could goe naked in the cold of
<P_35> winter . (LOCKE-E3-P1,35.35)

How , said the Scythian , can you endure your face naked in the cold of
winter ? (LOCKE-E3-P1,35.36)

My face is used to it , said the Athenian . (LOCKE-E3-P1,35.37)

Thinke me all face , said the Scythian . (LOCKE-E3-P1,35.38)

Our bodys will endure any thing that from the begining they are used to
. (LOCKE-E3-P1,35.39)

$'T $is {TEXT:Tis} time now to leave off his cap and never to put it on
again night nor day , unlesse about yeares hence it be thought fit to
put on a thinne holland one for fashons sake to please the young lady
when he goes a wooing . (LOCKE-E3-P1,35.40)

7 . (LOCKE-E3-P1,35.41)

I would also have his feet washd every night in cold water and have his
shoes soe thin that they might leake and let in water when ever he
comes neare it . (LOCKE-E3-P1,35.42)

Here I feare I shall have the Mistress and maids too about my ears .
(LOCKE-E3-P1,35.43)

One will thinke it too filthy and the other perhaps too much pains to
make cleane his stokings . (LOCKE-E3-P1,35.44)

But yet truth will have it that his health is much more worth than all
this adoe and ten times as much more . (LOCKE-E3-P1,35.45)

And he that considers how mischeivous and mortal a thing takeing wet in
the feet is to those who have been bred nicely will wish he had with
the poore peoples children gon barefoot who by that meanes come to be
soe reconciled by custome to wet in their feet that they take noe more
cold and harme that way then if their hands were put in water .
(LOCKE-E3-P1,35.46)

And what is it I pray that makes this great difference between the
hands and the feet but only custome , (LOCKE-E3-P1,35.47)

and I doubt not but if a man from his cradle had been always used to
goe barefoot but to have his hands close wrapd up constantly in thick
mittins and handschoons as the Dutch call gloves over them , I doubt
not I say but custome would make takeing wet in his hands as dangerous
to him as now takeing wet in their feet is to a great many others .
(LOCKE-E3-P1,35.48)

To prevent this I would have his shoes made soe as to leake water , and
his feet washd every night in cold water both-1 for health and
cleanlynesse sake , (LOCKE-E3-P1,35.49)

but begin with <P_36> luke warme (LOCKE-E3-P1,36.50)

and soe colder and colder every night till in a few days you come to
perfectly cold water (LOCKE-E3-P1,36.51)

and soe continue . (LOCKE-E3-P1,36.52)

For it is to be observd in this as in all other alterations from our
ordinary way of liveing the changes must be made by gentle and
insensible degrees (LOCKE-E3-P1,36.53)

and soe we may bring our bodys to any thing without pain and without
danger . (LOCKE-E3-P1,36.54)

And if you have any convenient place neare you since you can swim soe
well your self have him often in to the water with you whereby he will
have other advantages besides learning to swimm . (LOCKE-E3-P1,36.55)

8 . (LOCKE-E3-P1,36.56)

Another thing that is of great advantage to everyones health but
espetially children is to be much in the ayre and very litle as may be
by the fire even in winter . (LOCKE-E3-P1,36.57)

By this he will accustome himself alsoe to heat and cold , shine and
raine , all which if a mans body will not endure it will serve him to
very litle purpose in this world (LOCKE-E3-P1,36.58)

and when he is grown up it is too late to begin to use him to it ,
(LOCKE-E3-P1,36.59)

it must be got early and by degrees , (LOCKE-E3-P1,36.60)

thus the body may be brought to bare almost any thing .
(LOCKE-E3-P1,36.61)

If I should advise him to play in the winde and the sun without a hat I
doubt whether it could be borne , (LOCKE-E3-P1,36.62)

there would a thousand objections be made against it , which at last
would amount to noe more in truth then being sunburnt ,
(LOCKE-E3-P1,36.63)

and if my young master be to be kept always in the shade and never
sunburnt , Lord have mercy upon him , I feare he will never be like his
father . (LOCKE-E3-P1,36.64)

I am not now giveing rules about my pritty litle mistress ,
(LOCKE-E3-P1,36.65)

I leave her at present to her mothers way (LOCKE-E3-P1,36.66)

and confesse that her face is not soe easily to be exposd to all winde
and weather . (LOCKE-E3-P1,36.67)

I now claime only a priviledg over the boyes (LOCKE-E3-P1,36.68)

and those I thinke Madam will allow may endure a litle rougher usage ,
(LOCKE-E3-P1,36.69)

and in recompense of that liberty <P_37> which I hope she will permit
me I shall tell her that it will be the better for the girles too the
nearer they approach the hardship of their brothers in their breeding .
(LOCKE-E3-P1,37.70)

But I claime the boys alone as my province (LOCKE-E3-P1,37.71)

and leave the girles wholy in the disposition and management of their
mother . (LOCKE-E3-P1,37.72)

9 . (LOCKE-E3-P1,37.73)

One thing I had almost forgot which the mention of the girls brought
into my minde , (LOCKE-E3-P1,37.74)

and that is that your sonnes clothes be never made too strait
espetially about the breast . (LOCKE-E3-P1,37.75)

Let nature have scope to fashon the bodys as she thinkes best .
(LOCKE-E3-P1,37.76)

She workes of her self a great deale better then we can direct her
(LOCKE-E3-P1,37.77)

and if women were themselves to frame the bodys of their children in
their wombs as they often endeavour to mend their shapes when they are
out we should as certainly have noe perfect children borne as we have
few well shaped that are much tamperd with . (LOCKE-E3-P1,37.78)

This consideration should me thinks keepe busy people <paren> I will
not say ignorant nurses and bodice makers </paren> from medling in a
matter they understand not , (LOCKE-E3-P1,37.79)

and they should be afraid to put nature out of her way in fashoning the
parts when they know not how the least and meanest is made ,
(LOCKE-E3-P1,37.80)

and yet I have seen soe many instances of children receiving great
harme from strait laceing that I $can $not {TEXT:cannot} but conclude
there are other creatures litle wiser than Munkeys who destroy their
young ones by senseless fondnesse and too much imbraceing .
(LOCKE-E3-P1,37.81)

. (LOCKE-E3-P1,37.82)

Narrow breasts , short and stinkeing breath , ill lungs and
crookednesse are the natural and almost constant effects of hard
bodices and clothes that pinch . (LOCKE-E3-P1,37.83)

That way of makeing slender wasts and fine shapes serves but the more
effectually to spoile them . (LOCKE-E3-P1,37.84)

Nor can there indeed but be disproportion in the parts when the <P_38>
nourishment prepard in the severall offices of the body $can $not
{TEXT:cannot} be distributed as nature designes , (LOCKE-E3-P1,38.85)

and therefore what wonder is it if it being laid where it can on some
part not soe braced it often makes one shoulder or one hip higher or
bigger than the other . (LOCKE-E3-P1,38.86)

$'T $is {TEXT:Tis} generally known that the women of China <paren>
imagining I know not what kinde of beauty in it </paren> by braceing
and bindeing them hard from their infancy have very litle feet .
(LOCKE-E3-P1,38.87)

I saw a pair of China shoes lately of about 3 or 4 inches long and of a
proportionable breadth (LOCKE-E3-P1,38.88)

and of this size are generally the feet of their women .
(LOCKE-E3-P1,38.89)

Besides $'t $is {TEXT:tis} observd that their women are also very litle
and short lived whereas the men are of the ordinary stature of other
men and live to a proportionable age . (LOCKE-E3-P1,38.90)

These defects in the female sex those that write of that Country impute
to their unresonable bindeing of their feet , whereby the free
circulation of the blood is hindred and the growth and health of the
whole body suffers , (LOCKE-E3-P1,38.91)

and how often doe we see that some small part of the foot being injurd
by a wrench or a blow the whole leg and thigh thereby loose their
strength and nourishment and dwindle away . (LOCKE-E3-P1,38.92)

How much greater inconveniencys may we expect when the thorax wherein
is placed the heart and seat of life is unaturally compressed and
hindred from its due Expansion . (LOCKE-E3-P1,38.93)

11 . (LOCKE-E3-P1,38.94)

As for his diet let it be very plain and simple . (LOCKE-E3-P1,38.95)

Flesh once a day and of one sort at a meale is enough .
(LOCKE-E3-P1,38.96)

Beef mutton veale &c. without other sawce then hunger is the best ,
(LOCKE-E3-P1,38.97)

and pray desire Madame to teach her children if not by her example yet
some other way to eat bread plentifully both alone and with every thing
else . (LOCKE-E3-P1,38.98)

And what ever he eats that is solid make him chew it abundantly .
(LOCKE-E3-P1,38.99)

We English often are negligent herein from whence follow great <P_39>
inconveniencys which if you desire I shall more at large explain to you
. (LOCKE-E3-P1,39.100)

12 . (LOCKE-E3-P1,39.101)

I need not tell your Lady what is fit for children for breakfast or
supper , (LOCKE-E3-P1,39.102)

milk milkpotage watergruel flummery and twenty other things that we are
wont to make in England are very fit for children ,
(LOCKE-E3-P1,39.103)

only in all these let care be taken that they be plaine and without
much mixture and very sparingly seasond with sugar or rather none at
all . (LOCKE-E3-P1,39.104)

Espetially avoid all spice and other things that may heat their bloud .
(LOCKE-E3-P1,39.105)

Be spareing also of salt in the seasoning of all his victuals
(LOCKE-E3-P1,39.106)

and use him not to salt meats . (LOCKE-E3-P1,39.107)

Our palats like the seasoning and cookery they are used to ,
(LOCKE-E3-P1,39.108)

and an overmuch use of salt besides that it occasions thirst and
overmuch drinkeing has other ill effects upon the body
(LOCKE-E3-P1,39.109)

$and hastens old age . (LOCKE-E3-P1,39.110)

I should thinke that a good peice of well made and well baked brown
bread sometimes with and sometimes without butter or cheese would be
often the best breakfast for young master . (LOCKE-E3-P1,39.111)

I am sure $'t $is {TEXT:tis} as wholesome and will make him as strong a
man as greater delicacys , (LOCKE-E3-P1,39.112)

and if he be used to it , it will be as pleasant to him .
(LOCKE-E3-P1,39.113)

13 . (LOCKE-E3-P1,39.114)

If he at any time cals for victuals between meals use him to noething
but drye bread . (LOCKE-E3-P1,39.115)

If he be hungry more then wanton bread alone will down ,
(LOCKE-E3-P1,39.116)

and if he be not hungry $'t $is {TEXT:tis} not fit he should eat .
(LOCKE-E3-P1,39.117)

By this you will obteine two good effects , (LOCKE-E3-P1,39.118)

first that by custome he will come to be in love with bread ,
(LOCKE-E3-P1,39.119)

for as I said our pallats are set to the things we are used to .
(LOCKE-E3-P1,39.120)

Another good you will gain hereby is that you will not teach him to eat
more nor oftner then nature requires . (LOCKE-E3-P1,39.121)

I doe not thinke that all peoples appetites are alike ,
(LOCKE-E3-P1,39.122)

some have naturally stronger and some weaker stomachs ,
(LOCKE-E3-P1,39.123)

but this I thinke that many are made gurmands and gluttons , by custome
that were <P_40> not soe by nature , (LOCKE-E3-P1,40.124)

and I see in some countrys men as lusty and strong that eat but two
meales a day as others that have set their stomachs by a constant usage
like larmes to crave 4. or 5 , (LOCKE-E3-P1,40.125)

and therefore I thinke it most convenient if you thinke it not too
severe that he should have noething but bread too for breakefast .
(LOCKE-E3-P1,40.126)

You $can $not {TEXT:cannot} imagin of what force custome is
(LOCKE-E3-P1,40.127)

and I impute a great part of our diseases in England to our eating too
much flesh and too litle bread . (LOCKE-E3-P1,40.128)

14 . (LOCKE-E3-P1,40.129)

His drinke as I have said , should be only smal beer
(LOCKE-E3-P1,40.130)

and that he should never be sufferd to have between meals , but after
he had eat a peice of bread . (LOCKE-E3-P1,40.131)

The reasons why I say this are these , (LOCKE-E3-P1,40.132)

1=o= more feavers and surfets are got by peoples drinking when they are
hot then by any one thing I know , (LOCKE-E3-P1,40.133)

and therefore if by play he be hot and drye , drye bread will ill goe
doun , (LOCKE-E3-P1,40.134)

and soe if he $can $not {TEXT:cannot} have drinke but upon that
condition he will be forced to forbeare , (LOCKE-E3-P1,40.135)

for if he be very hot he should by noe meanes drinke .
(LOCKE-E3-P1,40.136)

At least a good peice of bread first $to be eaten will gain time to
warme the beer bloud hot , which then he may drinke safely .
(LOCKE-E3-P1,40.137)

If he be very drye it will goe doune soe and quench his thirst better ,
(LOCKE-E3-P1,40.138)

and if he will not drinke it soe abstaining will not hurt him .
(LOCKE-E3-P1,40.139)

Besides this will teach him to forbeare . (LOCKE-E3-P1,40.140)

15 . (LOCKE-E3-P1,40.141)

2=o= . (LOCKE-E3-P1,40.142)

Not being permitted to drinke without eating will prevent the custome
of haveing the cup often at his nose and laying betimes the foundation
of being a good fellow . (LOCKE-E3-P1,40.143)

Men often bring habitual hunger and thirst on themselves by custome ,
(LOCKE-E3-P1,40.144)

and if you please to trye I will venture a wager you may bring him by
use to such a necessity of drinking in the night that he will not be
able to sleepe without it , (LOCKE-E3-P1,40.145)

and it being the lullaby used by nurses to allay <P_41> crying I
beleive you found some difficulty to weane him from drinking in the
night . (LOCKE-E3-P1,41.146)

Beleive it , (LOCKE-E3-P1,41.147)

custome prevails as much by day as by night , (LOCKE-E3-P1,41.148)

and you may if you please bring him to be thirsty every hower .
(LOCKE-E3-P1,41.149)

Since I saw you I was in a house where to appease a froward child they
gave him drinke as often as he would , soe that he was constantly
bibing , (LOCKE-E3-P1,41.150)

and though he could not speake yet he drank more in 24 howers then I
did . (LOCKE-E3-P1,41.151)

Trye it when you please (LOCKE-E3-P1,41.152)

you may with small as well as strong beer drinke your self into a
drought . (LOCKE-E3-P1,41.153)

But in this as well as other things doe not begin to make any thing
customary if you would not have $it increase and be lasting
(LOCKE-E3-P1,41.154)

and therefore I would have him drinke between meales noe more then
nature requires . (LOCKE-E3-P1,41.155)

If he eat not salt meats nor drink not strong drinke he will not thirst
often . (LOCKE-E3-P1,41.156)

16 . (LOCKE-E3-P1,41.157)

His meales I would not have kept constantly to an hower ,
(LOCKE-E3-P1,41.158)

for when custome has fixed his eating to certain howers his stomach
will expect victuals at that time (LOCKE-E3-P1,41.159)

and he will be sick if he passes it . (LOCKE-E3-P1,41.160)

In short I would have him eat flesh once a day , plain flesh but of one
sort at a time , and whilst young spoon meat also once a day , and if
you please once a day cheese or butter , (LOCKE-E3-P1,41.161)

but I would have noe time fixt constantly to , but varied almost every
day , (LOCKE-E3-P1,41.162)

and if betwixt these which I call meales he will eat let him have as
often as he cals for it good drie bread , (LOCKE-E3-P1,41.163)

and let him never drinke betwixt meales untill he has first eaten a
peice of bread . (LOCKE-E3-P1,41.164)

If anyone thinke this too hard and sparing a diet for a child let them
know that a child will never starve nor want nourishment who besides
flesh once a day and other things once or twice more may have good
bread and beer as often as he has a stomach , (LOCKE-E3-P1,41.165)

nor let any one thinke this unsuitable to his condition .
(LOCKE-E3-P1,41.166)

A gent in any age ought to be soe bread as to <P_42> be fited to beare
armes and be a soldier , (LOCKE-E3-P1,42.167)

but he that in this breeds his son soe as if he designed him to sleepe
over his life in the plenty and ease of a full fortune he intends to
leave him litle considers the examples he has seen nor the age he lives
in . (LOCKE-E3-P1,42.168)

17 . (LOCKE-E3-P1,42.169)

Above all take great care that he seldome if ever tast any wine or
strong drinke . (LOCKE-E3-P1,42.170)

There is nothing soe ordinarily given children in England and noething
soe destructive to them . (LOCKE-E3-P1,42.171)

They ought never to drinke any strong liquor but when they need it as a
cordiall and the Doctor prescribes it . (LOCKE-E3-P1,42.172)

And in this case it is that servants are most narrowly to be watchd and
most severely to be reprehended when they transgresse .
(LOCKE-E3-P1,42.173)

These meane sort of people placeing a great part of their happynesse in
strong drinke are always forward to make court to my young master by
offering him that which they love best themselves ,
(LOCKE-E3-P1,42.174)

and finding themselves made merry by it they foolishly thinke $'t $will
{TEXT:'twill} doe the childe noe harme . (LOCKE-E3-P1,42.175)

This you are carefully to have your Eye upon and restrain it with all
the skill and industry you can , there being nothing that lays a surer
foundation of mischeife both-4 of body and minde then childrens being
used to strong drinke , espetially used to drinke in private with the
servants . (LOCKE-E3-P1,42.176)

18 . (LOCKE-E3-P1,42.177)

Fruit makes one of the most difficult chapters in the government of
health , espetially that of children . (LOCKE-E3-P1,42.178)

Our first parents venturd paradice for it (LOCKE-E3-P1,42.179)

and $'t $is {TEXT:tis} noe wonder our children $can $not {TEXT:cannot}
stand the temptation though it cost them their health .
(LOCKE-E3-P1,42.180)

The regulation of this $can $not {TEXT:cannot} come under any one
generall rule (LOCKE-E3-P1,42.181)

for I am by noe meanes of theire minde who would keep children almost
wholy from fruit as a thing totally unwholesome for them , by which
strict way they make them but the more ravenous after it , and to eat
good and bad , ripe or unripe , all that they can get when ever they
come at it . (LOCKE-E3-P1,42.182)

Mellons , peaches , most sorts of plumbs and all sorts of grapes in
<P_43> England I thinke children should be wholy kept from as haveing a
very tempting tast in very unwholesome juice , soe that if it were
possible they should never soe much as see them or know there were any
such thing . (LOCKE-E3-P1,43.183)

But strawberrys , cherys , goosberrys , currants Apples and peares when
throughly ripe I thinke may be very safely allowed them
(LOCKE-E3-P1,43.184)

and that with a pretty liberal hand if they be eaten with these
cautions , (LOCKE-E3-P1,43.185)

1=o= (LOCKE-E3-P1,43.186)

Not after meales as we usually doe when the stomach is alredy full of
other food , (LOCKE-E3-P1,43.187)

but I thinke they should be eaten rather before or between meales
(LOCKE-E3-P1,43.188)

and thinke children should have them for their breake fasts , 2=o=
bread eaten with them , 3=o= perfectly ripe . (LOCKE-E3-P1,43.189)

If they are thus eaten I imagin them rather conduceing then hurtfull to
our health , being suited to the hot season of the yeare when they come
and refreshing our stomach languishing and fainting under it ,
(LOCKE-E3-P1,43.190)

and therefore I should not be altogeather soe strict in this point as
some are to their children , who being kept soe very short instead of a
moderate quantity of well chosen fruit which being allowd them would
content them , whenever they can get loose or bribe a servant to supply
them satisfie their longing with any trash they can get and eat to a
surfet . (LOCKE-E3-P1,43.191)

Fruit also dried without sugar I thinke very wholesome ,
(LOCKE-E3-P1,43.192)

but sweete meats of all kinds wholy to be avoided , which whether they
doe more harme to the maker or eater I $can $not {TEXT:cannot} well
tell . (LOCKE-E3-P1,43.193)

This I am sure of , (LOCKE-E3-P1,43.194)

it is one of the most inconvenient ways of expence that vanity has yet
found out , (LOCKE-E3-P1,43.195)

and soe I leave them to the Ladys . (LOCKE-E3-P1,43.196)

19 . (LOCKE-E3-P1,43.197)

Of all that lookes soft and effeminate noething is more to be indulged
children then sleepe . (LOCKE-E3-P1,43.198)

In this alone they are to be permitted to have their full satisfaction
, nothing contributeing more to the growth and health of children then
sleepe . (LOCKE-E3-P1,43.199)

All that is to be regulated in it is in what part of the 24. howers
they should take it , which will easily be answerd by only saying that
it is of great use to <P_44> accustome them to rise early in the
morning . (LOCKE-E3-P1,44.200)

It is best soe to doe for health , (LOCKE-E3-P1,44.201)

and he that from his childhood has by a setled custome made riseing
betimes easy and familiar to him will not when he is a man wast the
best and most usefull part of his life in drousynesse and lying a bed .
(LOCKE-E3-P1,44.202)

If children therefore are to be cald up early in the morning it will
follow of course that they must goe to bed betimes , $whereby they will
be accustomed to avoid the unhealthy and unsafe howers of debauchery
which are those of the Evenings , (LOCKE-E3-P1,44.203)

and they who keepe good howers seldome are guilty of any great
disorders . (LOCKE-E3-P1,44.204)

I doe not say this as if your sonne when growne up should never be in
company past eight or never chat over a glasse of wine till midnight .
(LOCKE-E3-P1,44.205)

You are now by the custome of his tender yeares to indispose him to
these inconveniencys as much as you can (LOCKE-E3-P1,44.206)

and that will be noe small advantage to him , (LOCKE-E3-P1,44.207)

that contrary practise haveing made it uneasy to him it will make him
often avoid and very seldome propose mid night revells .
(LOCKE-E3-P1,44.208)

But if it should not reach soe far but fashon and company should
prevail and make him live as others doe about twenty , $'t $is
{TEXT:tis} worth your while to accustome him to early riseing and early
goeing to bed between this and that for the present improvement of his
health and other advantages . (LOCKE-E3-P1,44.209)

{COM:insert_helsinki_sample_here}

<P_59>

48 . (LOCKE-E3-P1,59.212)

As I would have children very seldome corrected by blows , soe I thinke
frequent and espetially passionate chideing of as ill consequence ,
(LOCKE-E3-P1,59.213)

for it lessens the authority of the parents and the respect of the
childe , (LOCKE-E3-P1,59.214)

for I bid you still remember they destinguish early between passion and
reason , (LOCKE-E3-P1,59.215)

and as they $can $not {TEXT:cannot} but have a reverence for what comes
from the later {COM:sic} soe they come quickly to slight the former ,
(LOCKE-E3-P1,59.216)

or if it causes a present terror yet it quickly weares off
(LOCKE-E3-P1,59.217)

and natural inclination will quickly learne to slight such scarecrows
which make a noise but are not animated by reason .
(LOCKE-E3-P1,59.218)

Children being to be restraind by their parents only in vicious <paren>
which in their tender yeares are only a few </paren> things a looke or
a nod only ought to correct them when they doe amisse ,
(LOCKE-E3-P1,59.219)

or if words are sometimes to be used they ought only to be grave ,
kinde and sober , representing the ill or unbecomingnesse of the fault
rather then a hasty rateing of the child for it , which makes him not
sufficiently destinguish whether your dislike be not more directed to
him then his fault . (LOCKE-E3-P1,59.220)

<P_60>

49 . (LOCKE-E3-P1,60.222)

How then <paren> will you say </paren> shall children be governd ?
(LOCKE-E3-P1,60.223)

Take away hope and feare (LOCKE-E3-P1,60.224)

and there is an end of all discipline . (LOCKE-E3-P1,60.225)

I grant that good and evill , reward and punishment , are the only
motives to a rational creature . (LOCKE-E3-P1,60.226)

These are the Spur and rains whereby all mankinde are set on worke and
guided , (LOCKE-E3-P1,60.227)

and therefore they are to be made use of to children too ,
(LOCKE-E3-P1,60.228)

for I would always have their parents and governours cary this in their
mindes that they are to be treated as rational creatures .
(LOCKE-E3-P1,60.229)

Rewards then and punishments must be proposd to children if we intend
to worke upon them . (LOCKE-E3-P1,60.230)

The mistake I thinke is that those that are generally made use of are
ill chosen . (LOCKE-E3-P1,60.231)

The pains and pleasures of the body are , I thinke , of ill consequence
when made the rewards and punishments whereby men would prevaile on
their children , (LOCKE-E3-P1,60.232)

for they serve but to increase and strengthen those appetites which $'t
$is {TEXT:tis} our businesse to subdue and master .
(LOCKE-E3-P1,60.233)

What principle of vertue doe you lay in a childe , if you will redeeme
his desire of one pleasure by the proposal of another ?
(LOCKE-E3-P1,60.234)

This is but to enlarge his appetite and instruct it to wander .
(LOCKE-E3-P1,60.235)

If a childe cryes for an unwholesome and dangerous fruit , you purchase
his quiet by giveing him lesse hurtfull sweet meat .
(LOCKE-E3-P1,60.236)

This perhaps may preserve his health (LOCKE-E3-P1,60.237)

but spoiles his minde (LOCKE-E3-P1,60.238)

and sets that farther out of order , (LOCKE-E3-P1,60.239)

for here you only change the object (LOCKE-E3-P1,60.240)

but flatter still his appetite , (LOCKE-E3-P1,60.241)

and allow that must be satisfied wherein as I have shewd lies the root
of the mischiefe , (LOCKE-E3-P1,60.242)

and till you bring him to be able to beare a denial of that
satisfaction the child may at present $be quiet and orderly ,
(LOCKE-E3-P1,60.243)

but the disease , the mischeif is not cured . (LOCKE-E3-P1,60.244)

By this way of proceeding you foment and cherish in him that which is
the spring from which all the evill flows , which will be sure on the
next occasion to breake out again with more violence , give him
stronger longings and you more trouble . (LOCKE-E3-P1,60.245)

<P_61>

. (LOCKE-E3-P1,61.247)

The rewards and punishments then whereby we would keepe children in
order are quite of another kinde , and of that force that when we can
get them once to worke the businesse I thinke is donne , the difficulty
is over . (LOCKE-E3-P1,61.248)

Esteeme and Disgrace are of all others the most powerfull incentives to
virtuous and generous mindes . (LOCKE-E3-P1,61.249)

If you can once get into children a love of credit and an apprehension
of shame and disgrace , you have put in them the true principle which
will constantly worke and incline them to the right .
(LOCKE-E3-P1,61.250)

But how shall this be donne , will it be said . (LOCKE-E3-P1,61.251)

51 . (LOCKE-E3-P1,61.252)

I confesse it does not at first appeareance want some difficulty ,
(LOCKE-E3-P1,61.253)

but yet I thinke it worth our while to seeke the ways <paren> and
practise them when found </paren> to atteine this which I looke on as
the great secret of Education . (LOCKE-E3-P1,61.254)

52 . (LOCKE-E3-P1,61.255)

First children at the age of your son are not insensible of praise and
commendation . (LOCKE-E3-P1,61.256)

They finde a pleasure in being esteemd and valued , espetially by their
parents , whom they depend on . (LOCKE-E3-P1,61.257)

If therefore you caresse and commend them when they doe well , show a
cold and neglectfull countenance to them upon doeing ill , and this
accompanied by a like cariage of his mother and all others that are
about him , it will in a litle time I doubt not make him sensible of
the difference , espetially if you be constant in it ,
(LOCKE-E3-P1,61.258)

and I doubt not but will of itself worke more then threats or blows
which loose their force when once grown common , and are of no use when
shame does not attend them , and therefore are to be forborne but in
the cases before mentioned when it is brought to extremity .
(LOCKE-E3-P1,61.259)

53 . (LOCKE-E3-P1,61.260)

But secondly to make the impression sinke the deeper , to make them
more sensible of Esteeme or disgrace , I would have other agreeable or
disagreeable things constantly accompany these different states , not
as particular rewards and punishments of this or that particular fact ,
but as necessarily belonging to and constantly <P_62> attending one who
by his cariage has brought himself into a state of disgrace or
reputation . By which they may as much as possible be brought to
conceive that those that are commended and in esteeme for doeing well
will necessarily be beloved and cherishd by every body and have all
other good things , and on the other side when any one by miscariage
falls into disesteeme and cares not what he is thought of , neglect and
with it the want of all good things will follow . (LOCKE-E3-P1,62.261)

If by these meanes you can come once to shame them out of their faults
<paren> for besides that I would willingly have noe punishment </paren>
and make them in love with the pleasure of being well thought on , you
may turne them as you please (LOCKE-E3-P1,62.262)

and they will be in love with all the ways of vertue .
(LOCKE-E3-P1,62.263)

54 . (LOCKE-E3-P1,62.264)

The great difficulty here is , I imagin , from the folly and
perversnesse of servants , who are hardly to be hinderd from crosseing
herein their Master and Mistris . (LOCKE-E3-P1,62.265)

Children discountenanced by their parents for any faults , finde
usually a remedy and retreat in the caresses of these foolish
flatterers , who thereby undoe whatever the parents endeavour to
establish . (LOCKE-E3-P1,62.266)

When the father or Mother lookes sower on the childe , every body else
should put on the same cariage to them , and noe body give them
countenance till forgivenesse asked and a contrary cariage restord them
to their esteeme and their former credit again . (LOCKE-E3-P1,62.267)

If this were constantly observed I guesse there would be litle need of
blows or chideing . (LOCKE-E3-P1,62.268)

Their own ease and satisfaction would quikly teach children to court
commendation and avoid doeing that which they found every body
condemned and they were sure to suffer for , without being chid or
beaten . (LOCKE-E3-P1,62.269)

This would teach them modesty and shame , (LOCKE-E3-P1,62.270)

and they would quickly come to have a natural abhorrence for that which
made them slighted and neglected by every body . (LOCKE-E3-P1,62.271)

But how this inconvenience from servants is to be remedied I can only
leave to your care and consideration , (LOCKE-E3-P1,62.272)

<P_63>

only I thinke it of great importance , (LOCKE-E3-P1,63.274)

and you would be very happy if you could get a discreet body about your
children . (LOCKE-E3-P1,63.275)

55 . (LOCKE-E3-P1,63.276)

Haveing thus told you what rewards and punishments I would have made
use of to children , the next thing to consider $is what those things
are that should be punishd in them , (LOCKE-E3-P1,63.277)

and those are very few , (LOCKE-E3-P1,63.278)

but every good action I would have rewarded , i.e. commended .
(LOCKE-E3-P1,63.279)

I have seen parents soe multiply rules to their children that it was
impossible for the pore litle ones to remember a tenth part of them ,
much lesse to observe them ; (LOCKE-E3-P1,63.280)

however they were either-1 by words or blows corrected for the
transgression of them . Whence it naturally followed that the children
minded not what was said to them when it was evident to them that noe
attention they were capeable of was sufficient to preserve them from
transgression and the rebukes which followd it . (LOCKE-E3-P1,63.281)

56 . (LOCKE-E3-P1,63.282)

Let therefore your rules to your son be as few as is possible , and
rather fewer then more then are absolutely necessary .
(LOCKE-E3-P1,63.283)

For if you burden him with many rules , one of these two things must
necessarily follow , that he must be very often punishd , which will be
of ill consequence . For all punishment is as much as may be to be
avoided , or else you must let the transgressions of some of your rules
goe unpunishd , whereby they will of course grow contemptible and your
authority become cheape to him . (LOCKE-E3-P1,63.284)

Make but few laws (LOCKE-E3-P1,63.285)

but see they be well observed when once made . (LOCKE-E3-P1,63.286)

Few yeares require but few laws , (LOCKE-E3-P1,63.287)

and as they increase when one rule is by the practise well establishd
you may add another . (LOCKE-E3-P1,63.288)

<P_64>

57 . (LOCKE-E3-P1,64.290)

Frequent punishment is therefore carefully to be avoided because it
never produces any good any farther then it serves to revive shame and
abhorrence of the miscarriage which drew it on them ,
(LOCKE-E3-P1,64.291)

and if the greatest part of the trouble be not the apprehension that
they have drawn on themselves the just displeasure of their best
freinds the pain of punishment will worke but an imperfect cure .
(LOCKE-E3-P1,64.292)

It only patches up the present (LOCKE-E3-P1,64.293)

and skins it over , (LOCKE-E3-P1,64.294)

but reaches not to the bottom . (LOCKE-E3-P1,64.295)

Shame then and apprehension of displeasure being that which ought alone
to give a check and hold the rains , $'t $is {TEXT:tis} impossible but
punishment should loose that efficacy when it often returnes .
(LOCKE-E3-P1,64.296)

Shame has in children the same place as modesty in women , which $can
$not {TEXT:cannot} be kept and often transgresd against .
(LOCKE-E3-P1,64.297)

And as to the apprehension of displeasure in the parents , that will
come to be very insignificant if the marks of that displeasure quikly
cease , (LOCKE-E3-P1,64.298)

and therefore I thinke parents should well consider what faults in
their children are weighty enough to deserve the declaration of their
anger , (LOCKE-E3-P1,64.299)

but when their displeasure is once declard to a degree that carrys any
punishment with it , they ought not presently to lay by the severity of
their brows , but to restore their children to their former grace with
some kinde of difficulty and delay till their conformity and more then
ordinary merit make good their amendment . (LOCKE-E3-P1,64.300)

If this be not soe orderd punishment will be by familiarity but a thing
of course : offending , being punishd , and then forgiven , be as
natural and ordinary as noon , night , and morning following one
another . (LOCKE-E3-P1,64.301)

