<P_1>

<heading>

THE INTRODUCTION (LANGF-E3-P1,1.3)

</heading>

Having undertaken in this <font> Book </font> to publish all necessary
Directions concerning <font> Planting </font> , the first step I am to
take , <paren> to proceed in due <font> order </font> </paren> is to
give instructions about <font> Seminaries </font> , and <font>
Nurseries </font> , wherein young <font> Plants </font> are to be
raised and cherished in their Infancy . (LANGF-E3-P1,1.5)

And because men are generally <paren> through ignorance </paren> so
indifferent whether they have these of their own or no ; because for a
little Money they can have <font> Plants </font> from others ready
brought up to their hands ; therefore I shall here in the first place
present such with reasons , that I suppose $can $not {TEXT:cannot} but
make them of the same mind , that I am my self , That $it $'s
{TEXT:it's} far better to have them of their own bringing up , and to
have <font> Seminaries </font> and <font> Nurseries </font> of their
own for this purpose . (LANGF-E3-P1,1.6)

1 . (LANGF-E3-P1,1.7)

Because this way a Man shall be sure to meet with no failure , either-1
in the kind or goodness of his <font> Trees </font> , and <font> Fruit
</font> ; in both which he shall be often <P_2> disappointed , if he
have his <font> Trees </font> upon <font> trust </font> from others ,
who make a <font> Trade </font> of selling them , and are therefore
many times incurious in <font> raising </font> them , and instead of
the <font> right </font> kind <paren> if they can get any thing by it
</paren> will not stick to put him off with another . (LANGF-E3-P1,2.8)

2 . (LANGF-E3-P1,2.9)

The <font> trouble </font> and <font> expence </font> of buying young
Plants , and getting them home , <paren> many times from places very
<font> remote </font> </paren> and the <font> prejudice </font> they
often receive in the <font> carriage </font> , will be wholly prevented
. (LANGF-E3-P1,2.10)

3 . (LANGF-E3-P1,2.11)

This way a Man shall with almost the same labour and charge , both
furnish himself sufficiently , and have so many more as to defray the
charge he may be at about it , if he will sell them , or to gratify his
Friends if he had rather bestow them . (LANGF-E3-P1,2.12)

4 . (LANGF-E3-P1,2.13)

He will this way be provided with <font> Stocks </font> for <font>
Apples </font> , <font> Pears , </font> , <font> Plums </font> , <font>
Cherries </font> , and all choice <font> Wall-fruit </font> raised from
<font> Kernels </font> and <font> Stones </font> of <font> Fruit
</font> : which are incomparably better than Stocks procured any other
way . (LANGF-E3-P1,2.14)

The means some use to furnish themselves with <font> Stocks </font> for
<font> Apple-trees </font> is , by getting young <font> Crab-trees
</font> out of <font> Hedges </font> , <font> rough Grounds </font> and
<font> Woods </font> ; (LANGF-E3-P1,2.15)

and with <font> Stocks </font> for <font> Pears </font> , and <font>
Cherries </font> by <P_3> <font> Suckers </font> springing from the
Roots of old <font> Trees </font> of those kinds ; (LANGF-E3-P1,3.16)

but there is much to be said against both courses . (LANGF-E3-P1,3.17)

Against using those <font> Crab-trees </font> got out of <font> Woods
</font> , <font> &c. </font> there lie these Objections .
(LANGF-E3-P1,3.18)

1 . (LANGF-E3-P1,3.19)

The workmen in getting them break some , (LANGF-E3-P1,3.20)

and hurt others of the principal Roots ; (LANGF-E3-P1,3.21)

and it sometimes falls out that they have been cut down , and sprung up
again out of the remaining stump , or otherwise hurt , which though not
easily discerned because skinned over , yet will be a prejudice to them
for ever . (LANGF-E3-P1,3.22)

2 . (LANGF-E3-P1,3.23)

Many of the <font> Stocks </font> so got out of <font> Woods </font> ,
and <font> Hedges </font> , have for want of room , and by reason of
shades , and the droping of other trees about them , been check't and
baffled in their growth , (LANGF-E3-P1,3.24)

and so become crooked , scabby , ill grown , rough , and unkindly , and
never like to make good Trees . (LANGF-E3-P1,3.25)

3 . (LANGF-E3-P1,3.26)

Some that furnish themselves this way with Stocks , chooose such as are
largest , (LANGF-E3-P1,3.27)

and those having for the most part thick and hard <font> bark </font> ,
and old <font> roots </font> , come on but slowly when they are removed
to make <font> Apple-trees </font> . (LANGF-E3-P1,3.28)

4 . (LANGF-E3-P1,3.29)

If these <font> Stocks </font> be not <font> graffed </font> very low
<paren> and if they are , a years growth or <P_4> two will be lost
</paren> they will put forth branches of their own every year in such
abundance , that without constant pruning of them off , the <font>
graffs </font> will be in danger of being starved . (LANGF-E3-P1,4.30)

5 . (LANGF-E3-P1,4.31)

A better advantage may be made of <font> Crab-trees </font> in
Hedge-rows and rough grounds , by graffing them where they are ,
<paren> as you shall be hereafter directed </paren> where they will
thrive better . (LANGF-E3-P1,4.32)

There is but one scruple <paren> that I can foresee </paren> that can
here be started ; (LANGF-E3-P1,4.33)

and that is , that a man $can $not {TEXT:cannot} be furnished with
<font> Trees </font> of a good largeness to bear so soon by <font>
stocks </font> raised by <font> Kernels </font> and <font> Stones
</font> , as by either those gotten out of Woods , <font> &c. </font>
or those raised by <font> Suckers </font> , that may be of several
years growth before they are made use of . (LANGF-E3-P1,4.34)

To this I answer , That if at the same time that you get <font>
Crab-tree-stocks </font> , <paren> of six or seven years growth
</paren> out of the <font> Wood </font> , or <font> Suckers </font> ,
and set them in order to be <font> graffed </font> , you sow <font>
Kernels </font> and <font> Stones </font> , the Stocks and Suckers you
so graff , for six or eight years may continue larger and bigger than
the <font> Trees </font> that come of <font> Kernels </font> and <font>
Stones </font> ; (LANGF-E3-P1,4.35)

but yet these lesser <font> Trees </font> shall so get ground of the
other , that by the <font> tenth </font> or <font> twelfth </font>
<P_5> year the <font> Apple-trees </font> and <font> Pear-trees </font>
, and much sooner <font> Stone-fruit-trees </font> shall have overtaken
them . (LANGF-E3-P1,5.36)

And as to the way of raising <font> Stocks </font> for <font> Pears
</font> , <font> Plums </font> , and <font> Cherries </font> by <font>
Suckers </font> , it is to be noted , that Trees so raised will be ever
apt to cast up <font> Suckers </font> themselves ; (LANGF-E3-P1,5.37)

and such as do , are seldom found to be good bearing <font> Trees
</font> , by reason they expend their <font> Sap </font> so much that
way . (LANGF-E3-P1,5.38)

Nevertheless they may be useful for <font> Wall-fruit </font> and
<font> Dwarf-trees </font> , as you will see hereafter in a peculiar
Chapter . (LANGF-E3-P1,5.39)

And lastly against both these ways of furnishing a mans self with the
aforemention'd <font> Stocks </font> there is this to be said , That a
man shall not without great charge and difficulty store himself with as
many as he may desire , (LANGF-E3-P1,5.40)

and many of them will prove bad and miscarry , whereas from <font>
Kernels </font> the charge is inconsiderable , and plenty may be had ,
that will almost all be fit for use . (LANGF-E3-P1,5.41)

Yet this I ought to say in favour of buying out of <font> Nurseries
</font> . (LANGF-E3-P1,5.42)

1 . (LANGF-E3-P1,5.43)

Thereby a great deal of <font> time </font> is gain'd by the Planter
<paren> <font> viz. </font> seven or eight years in <font>
Standard-trees </font> , and four or five in <font> Wall </font> and
<font> Dwarf-trees </font> ; which is very considerable .
(LANGF-E3-P1,5.44)

<P_6>

2 . (LANGF-E3-P1,6.46)

It will be very difficult for a Planter to be furnisht with many good
sorts of <font> Fruit </font> , and of what kind he may desire any
where else , so easie and fully as there . (LANGF-E3-P1,6.47)

And I think no one can be better furnish'd than they may by their
Majesties Gard'ner and Mr. <font> Wise </font> , who have a Nursery at
<font> Brampton Park </font> near <font> Kensington </font> , the Soil
whereof is not over <font> enricht </font> with the Fat of <font>
London </font> , suitate in a <font> Sharp Air </font> ,
(LANGF-E3-P1,6.48)

they are careful in furnishing the Buyers with <font> true Kinds
</font> ; (LANGF-E3-P1,6.49)

and I verily believe have already the best <font> collection </font> in
<font> England </font> , (LANGF-E3-P1,6.50)

and it will still be improv'd by new and <font> unknown Plants </font>
, &c. as to us , from that famous <font> Garden </font> <paren> for
variety of <font> Kinds </font> in the known World </paren> at the
<font> Cape of Good hope </font> . (LANGF-E3-P1,6.51)

<P_7>

<heading>

CHAP. I . (LANGF-E3-P1,7.54)

<font> OF THE SEMINARY . (LANGF-E3-P1,7.55)

</heading>

Sect. </font> 1 . (LANGF-E3-P1,7.57)

Against the beginning of <font> October </font> prepare Ground by
digging and cleansing it from <font> weeds </font> and <font> roots
</font> , making the <font> mold </font> very fine , (LANGF-E3-P1,7.58)

choose not a <font> wet </font> or very <font> stiff Clay-land </font>
, nor over <font> rich </font> with <font> Dung </font> , but such as
being of it self good , you may make better only with a little mixture
of very <font> rotten dung </font> , (LANGF-E3-P1,7.59)

let it be fenced from the cold , as well as you can , so that it be
free from shade , and dropings of Trees . (LANGF-E3-P1,7.60)

<font> Sect. </font> 2 . (LANGF-E3-P1,7.61)

When you set <font> Stones </font> , <paren> which if they be <font>
Stones </font> of Fruit soon ripe , you must keep in sand till <font>
October </font> do it by a Line , pricking holes about a hands breadth
distance one from another , (LANGF-E3-P1,7.62)

and then put in the <font> Stones </font> , about three inches deep
with the sharp end uppermost ; (LANGF-E3-P1,7.63)

when one <font> row </font> is finished remove your Line a <font> foot
</font> further , (LANGF-E3-P1,7.64)

and set another <font> row </font> in the same manner ;
(LANGF-E3-P1,7.65)

but let your third <font> row </font> be about <font> two foot </font>
distant from the <font> second </font> , that you may have liberty to
go betwixt every <font> two rows </font> to weed , <font> &c. </font>
(LANGF-E3-P1,7.66)

and <P_8> so proceed to set as many as you have a mind ;
(LANGF-E3-P1,8.67)

possibly some of these Stones may not come up till the second spring
after they are set , (LANGF-E3-P1,8.68)

and may not deceive you if you then expect them . (LANGF-E3-P1,8.69)

<font> Sect. </font> 3 . (LANGF-E3-P1,8.70)

After the same manner you are to set all kind of <font> Nuts </font> :
(LANGF-E3-P1,8.71)

but because $it $'s {TEXT:it's} necessary that your young <font>
Walnut-trees </font> and <font> Chesnut-trees </font> should grow
longer in your Seed-plot than <font> Stone-fruit </font> , before they
will be fit to be removed to the place they are to spend their lives in
, you must set them at much further distance , that they may have more
room to grow big without hurting one another . (LANGF-E3-P1,8.72)

<font> Sect. </font> 4 . (LANGF-E3-P1,8.73)

To raise <font> Stocks </font> from <font> Seeds </font> or <font>
kernels </font> of <font> Apples </font> , <font> Crabs </font> , or
<font> Pears </font> <paren> each of which sorts are to be sowed by
themselves </paren> you must thus go to work . (LANGF-E3-P1,8.74)

When either you , or any Neighbour hath made <font> Syder </font> ,
<font> Verjuice </font> , or <font> Perry </font> , take the <font>
Must </font> <paren> or as some call it the <font> Pouz </font>
</paren> which is the substance of the <font> Fruit </font> after the
juice is pressed out , the same day or the next day after , before it
heats , (LANGF-E3-P1,8.75)

and with a <font> riddle </font> sift out the Seeds on a clean floor or
cloth , (LANGF-E3-P1,8.76)

and these you must sow <paren> as soon as you can conveniently </paren>
upon beds of very fine Earth , very thick , (LANGF-E3-P1,8.77)

for <P_9> some being bruised in the grinding , or pounding the <font>
Fruit </font> ; and others , not being ripe , many never come up ;
(LANGF-E3-P1,9.78)

then sift <font> mold </font> upon them about <font> two </font>
fingers breadth in thickness : (LANGF-E3-P1,9.79)

this way is much better than to sow the seeds with the <font> Must
</font> or <font> Pouz </font> together , <paren> as some do </paren>
because the <font> Must </font> will heat them , and many of the Seeds
will <font> putrefie </font> , (LANGF-E3-P1,9.80)

and others will not be able to <font> root </font> , or <font> shoot up
</font> , because they are so imprisoned in that dry and tough stuff
clinging about them . (LANGF-E3-P1,9.81)

The <font> Beds </font> of Earth you sow them on may be made about
<font> two foot </font> in breadth , with a good distance between the
beds that you may the better come at to <font> weed </font> them , and
draw them up as you have occasion . (LANGF-E3-P1,9.82)

<font> Sect. </font> 5 . (LANGF-E3-P1,9.83)

To keep <font> Fowls </font> or <font> Birds </font> from scraping them
up , lay some <font> white-thorn </font> on the beds till the Ground be
well setled . (LANGF-E3-P1,9.84)

Some cover the beds with <font> Fern </font> or <font> Straw </font> to
keep them warm in the winter , which may not do amiss ;
(LANGF-E3-P1,9.85)

but then it ought to be take {COM:sic} off when the Spring approacheth
. (LANGF-E3-P1,9.86)

If <font> Moles </font> or <font> Mice </font> get in , <paren> which
you will discover easily , <paren> the Mice leaving shells of the Seeds
on the top of the <P_10> beds </paren> they must be destroyed .
(LANGF-E3-P1,10.87)

For <font> Mice </font> therefore lay Poyson , or Oatmeal mixt with
pounded Glass , and Butter , (LANGF-E3-P1,10.88)

and cast bits of it upon the beds : (LANGF-E3-P1,10.89)

or set traps for the <font> Mice </font> and <font> Moles </font> ,
better known than described . (LANGF-E3-P1,10.90)

<font> Sect. </font> 6 . (LANGF-E3-P1,10.91)

The next spring you will see these Stones and Seeds come up plentifully
; (LANGF-E3-P1,10.92)

first the dissimilar leaves , almost of the shape of the Kernel split
in two , (LANGF-E3-P1,10.93)

and from betwixt them will the stem put forth ; (LANGF-E3-P1,10.94)

keep them clean from weeds all the year , which must be plucked up
while they are young , lest if they get root , in drawing them up you
root up the seedlings with them . (LANGF-E3-P1,10.95)

These weeds and such as are pluckt up any where else , thrown up into a
heap will rot , and become very good Manure , (LANGF-E3-P1,10.96)

but this should be before they are seeded , (LANGF-E3-P1,10.97)

for then the Manure made of them will be apt to make the ground it is
cast upon more subject to weeds . (LANGF-E3-P1,10.98)

If a <font> dry time </font> happen , you may sometimes in the summer
water the beds . (LANGF-E3-P1,10.99)

<font> Sect. </font> 7 . (LANGF-E3-P1,10.100)

To furnish your self with a competent variety of Stocks for the several
sorts of Fruit-trees , your <font> Seminary </font> is to be stored
with these following ; such as come of <font> Peach-stones </font> ,
<font> Plum-stones </font> , <P_11> <font> Cherry-stones </font> ,
<font> Apple-kernels </font> , <font> Crab-kernels </font> , and <font>
Pear-kernels </font> ; (LANGF-E3-P1,11.101)

and from <font> Nuts </font> you raise your <font> Nut-trees </font> .
(LANGF-E3-P1,11.102)

<font> Peach-stones </font> are to yield you Stocks for <font> Peaches
</font> and <font> Nectarines </font> ; <font> Plum-stones </font> ,
<font> Stocks </font> for <font> Peaches Nectarines </font> , <font>
Apricocks </font> , and <font> Plums </font> ; <font> Cherry-stones
</font> , <font> Stocks </font> for <font> Cherries </font> ;
(LANGF-E3-P1,11.103)

<font> Seeds </font> of <font> Apples </font> and <font> Crabs </font>
produce <font> Stocks </font> for <font> Apple-trees </font> ;
(LANGF-E3-P1,11.104)

and lastly the <font> Seeds </font> of <font> Pears </font> yield
<font> Stocks </font> for <font> Pear-trees </font> .
(LANGF-E3-P1,11.105)

<font> Sect. </font> 8 . (LANGF-E3-P1,11.106)

There are likewise some other ways to be furnished with Stocks , and
which you shall find hereafter are in some cases to be made use of ,
that is for <font> Pears </font> , <font> Plums </font> , and <font>
Cherries </font> by Suckers springing out of the roots of Trees of the
same kind , and for several sorts of Apples and Pears by Cuttings of
Apple-trees and Quince-treees : which I here intimate , because Stocks
thus raised are sometimes brought up in Nurseries ;
(LANGF-E3-P1,11.107)

but the full directions about them are given in the Chapter of <font>
Dwarf-trees </font> . (LANGF-E3-P1,11.108)

Mr. <font> Evelyn </font> saith , the end of roots that are cut off
from young trees , taken up to be Trasplanted , and set in beds of good
Earth , will shoot forth tops , and become good <font> Stocks </font> .
(LANGF-E3-P1,11.109)

Such may serve for Dwarf-trees , or for Walls . (LANGF-E3-P1,11.110)

<P_12>

And I have heard an Ingenious person speak of <font> inoculating Buds
</font> on the small <font> roots </font> of great <font> trees </font>
that grow at farthest distance from the Bodies , and after a years
growth to cut off the <font> root </font> , about a foot in length ,
with the new <font> shoot </font> growing upon it , and transplant it ;
because a Tree will be sooner raised thus than from a <font> Seed
</font> or <font> Stone </font> . (LANGF-E3-P1,12.112)

In case of an exigent for a <font> Stock </font> or two , this way may
be practised , (LANGF-E3-P1,12.113)

but it would be found too troublesome for general use .
(LANGF-E3-P1,12.114)

<font> Sect. </font> 9 . (LANGF-E3-P1,12.115)

But if you desire to raise some <font> Wall-fruit-trees </font>
speedily , for furnishing some vacancies in the Wall , and would be so
sure of the kind of <font> Fruit </font> , that you will not trust to a
Nursery Mans selling , you may set some <font> Peach-stones </font> in
some old basket fill'd with Earth 4 or 5 in a basket ,
(LANGF-E3-P1,12.116)

and where several come up <paren> when very young </paren> draw up all
but one that is likely to grow best : (LANGF-E3-P1,12.117)

Some of these you may possibly <font> Inoculate </font> the same year ,
or at farthest the year after all of them : (LANGF-E3-P1,12.118)

when you see the <font> bud </font> taken , in the winter following cut
off the head , (LANGF-E3-P1,12.119)

and set the basket with the tree in it , in the vacant places , by
opening the ground and letting in the basket , and <P_13> setting in
Earth about it ; (LANGF-E3-P1,13.120)

The basket will rot , and roots get through it , so that it will be no
hindrance to the <font> Tree </font> 's growth , (LANGF-E3-P1,13.121)

and the chief advantage is that the <font> Tree </font> hath not the
lett and hindrance as others have by removing , never being taken out
of the Earth it was set in . (LANGF-E3-P1,13.122)

Lest any casualty hit off the Bud in removing , or against the Wall ,
you may if you please not set the basket till the year after the <font>
Bud </font> that was <font> inoculated </font> is shot forth .
(LANGF-E3-P1,13.123)

Or to hasten the furnishing the Wall <paren> if you have none ready
grown in a Nursery nor are willing to buy , and that no impediment
hinder </paren> you may set <font> Stones </font> by the Wall side in
the Borders , and there inoculate them , (LANGF-E3-P1,13.124)

and after let stand what you please , (LANGF-E3-P1,13.125)

and remove the rest ; (LANGF-E3-P1,13.126)

In both those you will find directions of inoculating and more fully
ordering them in the 4th and fifth Chapters . (LANGF-E3-P1,13.127)

<P_14>

<heading>

CHAP. II . (LANGF-E3-P1,14.130)

<font> OBSERVATIONS CONCERNING THE RAISING OF STOCKS IN THE SEMINARY ,
OR ELSEWHERE . (LANGF-E3-P1,14.131)

</heading>

Sect. </font> 1 . (LANGF-E3-P1,14.133)

<font> Seeds </font> or <font> Stones </font> of <font> Fruits </font>
gathered from <font> Trees </font> that have been <font> graffed
</font> or <font> inoculated </font> on <font> Stocks </font> of
different kinds from the Scions , produce of themselves , <paren> not
being <font> graffed </font> or <font> inoculated </font> </paren> not
the same <font> Fruit </font> as that was from when the <font> Seed
</font> or <font> Stone </font> came , but a different , and most
commonly a worse . (LANGF-E3-P1,14.134)

The <font> Stones </font> of <font> Peaches </font> produce <font>
Trees </font> that will bear <font> Peaches </font> , sometimes better
than the Peaches out of which the Stones were taken , although those
Peaches grew upon a Tree that was <font> inoculated </font> on a <font>
Plum : </font> (LANGF-E3-P1,14.135)

And there are some Gardiners by setting many Stones of the <font>
Nerington Peach </font> , have found some among the Trees come up from
them , to bear a <font> Fruit </font> rather improved than worse ; and
by giving it a new Name , and <font> inoculating </font> from it , have
made good gain of it . (LANGF-E3-P1,14.136)

But this is not a practice for every private <P_15> person ; because
<font> Peach-trees </font> so raised , will be longer before they bear
fruit , than those which are <font> inoculated </font> ; and because he
must run the hazard of filling great part of his <font> wall </font>
with these <font> Peach-trees </font> thus raised from <font> Stones
</font> , and not one it may be in many prove any thing extraordinary ,
and the rest of no use unless for Stocks , after he hath waited several
years to see what Fruit they will bear . (LANGF-E3-P1,15.137)

<font> Sect. </font> 2 . (LANGF-E3-P1,15.138)

It is controverted amongst men of this <font> Profession </font> ,
whether <font> Stocks </font> from <font> Peach-stones </font> are best
to <font> inoculate Peaches </font> upon <font> : </font>
(LANGF-E3-P1,15.139)

both sides have their peculiar advantages , which I shall here set down
, and leave every man to his choice . (LANGF-E3-P1,15.140)

<font> Stocks </font> from <font> Peach-stones </font> will be sooner
ready to <font> inoculate </font> , (LANGF-E3-P1,15.141)

and the buds will take very sure , that are <font> inoculated </font>
into them ; (LANGF-E3-P1,15.142)

but they must be carefully and tenderly used in the removal ,
(LANGF-E3-P1,15.143)

and must not be expected to make long lasting Trees .
(LANGF-E3-P1,15.144)

<font> Stocks </font> from <font> Plum-stones </font> and <font> budded
</font> with a <font> Peach </font> will make a more firm and lasting
<font> Peach-tree </font> ; and such as will bear Fruit well .
(LANGF-E3-P1,15.145)

<P_16>

Therefore rather raise <font> Stocks </font> for <font> Peaches </font>
, <font> Nectarines </font> , <font> Apricocks </font> , and <font>
Plums </font> from <font> Stones </font> of the <font> Wheat plum
</font> , which is a <font> White-plum </font> ripe in <font> August
</font> <paren> if you can have them , </paren> or in want of them from
the <font> Stones </font> of the <font> White-pear-plum </font> , which
is generally commended and used , or of other good <font> White-plum
</font> , whose Tree puts forth large <font> shoots </font> , or <font>
branches </font> . (LANGF-E3-P1,16.147)

If you are not sufficiently furnished with <font> Stones </font> of
these <font> White-plums </font> , you may for <font> Apricocks </font>
and <font> Plums </font> raise <font> Stocks </font> from the <font>
Stones </font> of the <font> Muscle-plum </font> , the <font>
Black-pear-plum </font> , <font> Primordian </font> , or any other
<font> Black </font> or <font> Red-plum </font> of free growth .
(LANGF-E3-P1,16.148)

And $it $'s {TEXT:it's} a way much commended , first to <font>
inoculate </font> an <font> Apricock </font> very low on such <font>
Plum stocks </font> , and then after a years growth , <font> inoculate
</font> a <font> Peach </font> or a <font> Nectarine </font> on it ;
(LANGF-E3-P1,16.149)

only this way there will be two years loss of time ,
(LANGF-E3-P1,16.150)

and take notice that the <font> Red-Roman Nectarine </font> will hardly
take on a <font> Plum-stock </font> any other way .
(LANGF-E3-P1,16.151)

The Suckers likewise from the <font> roots </font> of the <font>
White-plum </font> before mentioned make <font> Stocks </font> for the
<font> Fruit </font> spoken of in this <font> Section </font> .
(LANGF-E3-P1,16.152)

<font> Sect. </font> 3 . (LANGF-E3-P1,16.153)

Stocks for <font> Cherry-trees </font> are raised from <font>
Cherry-stones </font> , set or sowed , or young wild <font> Cherry
trees </font> got out of <P_17> <font> Woods </font> , <font> &c.
</font> or <font> Suckers </font> from the common harsh red <font>
Cherry </font> . (LANGF-E3-P1,17.154)

The wild <font> Stocks </font> make large handsome <font>
Standard-trees </font> , (LANGF-E3-P1,17.155)

but though <font> graffed </font> with a good kind , do not bear <font>
Fruit </font> so plentifully in many Countries , as the Suckers of the
<font> red </font> being <font> graffed </font> do , which last also
are fittest to <font> graff Cherries </font> on for <font> Wall </font>
or <font> Dwarf-trees </font> being of much smaller growth than those
of the wild kind are . (LANGF-E3-P1,17.156)

<font> Sect. </font> 4 . (LANGF-E3-P1,17.157)

$It $'s {TEXT:It's} plain all Stocks and Scions <paren> that will
prosper when they are joyned together </paren> are <font> congenerous
</font> , and related in some degree of affinity ; (LANGF-E3-P1,17.158)

I have tryed a <font> Nectarine </font> on a <font> Horse-Plum </font>
(LANGF-E3-P1,17.159)

and it failed ; (LANGF-E3-P1,17.160)

on the very same Stock an <font> Apricock </font> grew very fast .
(LANGF-E3-P1,17.161)

I have also <font> inoculated </font> a <font> Apricock </font> on a
course <font> Black-plum </font> <paren> known in some Countries by the
name of the <font> Lammas-plum </font> (LANGF-E3-P1,17.162)

and it took well , (LANGF-E3-P1,17.163)

and bore a good Fruit . (LANGF-E3-P1,17.164)

I have <font> inoculated Pears </font> upon a <font> Hawthorn </font>
or <font> White-thorn </font> , (LANGF-E3-P1,17.165)

and it hath taken very well , (LANGF-E3-P1,17.166)

but the growth was so small , $it $'s {TEXT:it's} not worth the
practice . (LANGF-E3-P1,17.167)

A <font> Pear graffed </font> on a <font> Wicky-berry-tree </font> grew
very well , (LANGF-E3-P1,17.168)

but on the <font> Hazel </font> or <font> Nut-tree </font> it fail'd .
(LANGF-E3-P1,17.169)

I have tryed the <font> inoculating buds </font> of <font> Walnut-trees
</font> upon <font> Ash-trees </font> to hasten the raising Trees ,
(LANGF-E3-P1,17.170)

but not one of many that I tryed , came to any thing .
(LANGF-E3-P1,17.171)

<P_18>

Mr. <font> Evelyn </font> reports it from one , that said , he had it
to shew , that a <font> white Apple graffed </font> upon an <font> Elm
</font> did grow and bear a <font> read Apple </font> .
(LANGF-E3-P1,18.173)

<font> Cherries graffed </font> on <font> Plum-trees </font> will not
prosper long , nor <font> Plums </font> on <font> Cherries </font> ;
(LANGF-E3-P1,18.174)

neither do <font> Apples </font> on <font> Pears </font> , nor <font>
Pears </font> upon <font> Apples </font> . (LANGF-E3-P1,18.175)

<font> Sect. </font> 5 . (LANGF-E3-P1,18.176)

It is an Assertion of my Lord <font> Bacon </font> in his <font>
Natural History </font> , <font> cent. </font> 5. <font> Exper. </font>
452. <font> That Graffing doth meliorate Fruit </font> ;
(LANGF-E3-P1,18.177)

and I have heard that the <font> Golden-renating </font> was the <font>
Fruit </font> of a Scion of an <font> Apple-tree graffed </font> by his
direction on an Apple-tree , and then had its name as being in a manner
<font> born again </font> . (LANGF-E3-P1,18.178)

But mere <font> Graffing </font> doth not better the <font> Fruit
</font> at all , as if you <font> graff </font> a <font> Scion </font>
upon the same Tree you took it from , the <font> Fruit </font> will be
the same , without any the least alternation from what the Tree bore
before it was so graffed . (LANGF-E3-P1,18.179)

But it is a harder question to resolve , if you graff a Scion on a
Stock differing from it in kind , whether the Fruit of this <font> new
Tree </font> will be any thing better than the Fruit of the Tree from
whence the Scion was taken . (LANGF-E3-P1,18.180)

<P_19>

This is by many held in the <font> negative </font> ; because <paren>
say they </paren> the <font> Stock </font> only conveys food and
nourishment to the Scion , (LANGF-E3-P1,19.182)

and then when the Scion hath received it , it converts it perfectly
into its own Nature ; so that the Fruit which this Scion shall bear ,
must be the very same that the Tree bore from which the Scion was taken
, and neither better nor worse . (LANGF-E3-P1,19.183)

But that the Scion doth thus perfectly transmute the <font> juice
</font> it receives from the <font> Stock </font> into its own kind is
not proved , neither <paren> as I verily believe </paren> ever will ;
(LANGF-E3-P1,19.184)

and it may therefore prove for all $that $'s {TEXT:that's} said to the
contrary , that the <font> Fruit </font> may participate something of
the Nature of the <font> Stock </font> , and may so far be made by it
either better or worse ; (LANGF-E3-P1,19.185)

for such an union as that of the <font> Stock </font> and the Graff in
natural bodies is hardly conceivable without some commixture of their
Natures , (LANGF-E3-P1,19.186)

and there are some reasons from Experience that make this probable ; as
, 1. The Seeds of a graffed Tree take much after the <font> Stock
</font> , (LANGF-E3-P1,19.187)

and it is hard to conceive the <font> Kernel </font> should participate
so much of the <font> Stock </font> , and the <font> Fruit </font> be
nothing influenced by it . (LANGF-E3-P1,19.188)

<P_20>

2 . (LANGF-E3-P1,20.190)

Those that produce the best Fruit by their <font> Stones </font> or
<font> Seeds </font> , yet vary from the Fruit the <font> seed </font>
or <font> stone </font> was taken out of which in al likelyhood
proceeds from the mixture of the <font> quality </font> of the <font>
stock </font> and <font> Scion </font> in that Tree the <font> stone
</font> came from . (LANGF-E3-P1,20.191)

3 . (LANGF-E3-P1,20.192)

$It $'s {TEXT:It's} manifest that amongst <font> Trees </font> of one
kind , in the same <font> Orchard </font> , you shall have some one of
them bear better Fruit than any of the rest sometimes ;
(LANGF-E3-P1,20.193)

and I know not what to impute this excellency to more probably chiefly
though there may be some other causes for it , than that the <font>
stocks </font> they were graffed on might be <font> Crab-trees </font>
that bore <font> Crabs </font> of several kinds , some better , some
worse . So that to conclude this discourse , it $can $not {TEXT:cannot}
be amiss to be so far curious about the <font> stocks </font> you
<font> graff </font> , as rather to choose such <font> seeds </font>
and <font> stones </font> to raise them from as come from <font> Trees
</font> that bear the best <font> fruit </font> in their kind <paren>
if you can have them </paren> than to take them at adventure .
(LANGF-E3-P1,20.194)

<font> Sect. </font> 6 . (LANGF-E3-P1,20.195)

In raising <font> Apple-trees </font> for <font> Orchards </font> or
<font> fields </font> , whether for <font> Cyder </font> or <font>
baking </font> , <font> &c. </font> the <font> Crab-kernels </font> are
preferr'd before <font> Apple-kernels </font> , as yielding <font>
stocks </font> more hardy , and so better able to endure <P_21> cold
and course Land , and because they root better and so will make larger
<font> Trees : </font> (LANGF-E3-P1,21.196)

Neither are some sorts of <font> Crabs </font> so contemptible a <font>
fruit </font> as they are generally accounted ; (LANGF-E3-P1,21.197)

for being gathered very ripe and kept a good while to <font> mellow
</font> , some of them will make good <font> Cyder </font> ;
(LANGF-E3-P1,21.198)

and generally they yield a strong Liquor : so that such kind of <font>
Crab-stocks </font> may rather help to mend some Apples of weak <font>
juice </font> than make them worse , (LANGF-E3-P1,21.199)

but the reason before mentioned is the cause of their choice before
Apple Kernels . (LANGF-E3-P1,21.200)

Yet where you $can $not {TEXT:cannot} conveniently be stored with
<font> Crab-kernels </font> ; <font> Apple-kernels </font> are not so
much inferior to them , but they may well enough be made use of ,
<paren> as they commonly are </paren> for raising <font> Stocks </font>
to graff Apples upon . (LANGF-E3-P1,21.201)

And concerning the <font> seeds </font> of <font> Apples </font> $it
$'s {TEXT:it's} to be observed , that although they produce not <font>
Trees </font> bearing the same kind of Apples as those the seeds were
had out of ; yet without graffing they will bring forth a good <font>
harsh fruit </font> that may yield good <font> Cyder : </font>
(LANGF-E3-P1,21.202)

and thus <paren> $it $'s {TEXT:it's} said </paren> we came by some of
our best <font> Cyder-Apples </font> . (LANGF-E3-P1,21.203)

<P_22>

If you sow the <font> seeds </font> of several sorts of <font> Apples
</font> mixt together , you would certainly have fruit multiply'd into
various kinds ; but yet perhaps find none better for <font> Cyder
</font> than those already known , nor so good , (LANGF-E3-P1,22.205)

and such <font> Trees </font> will be longer before they come to bear
<font> fruit </font> than others that are graffed <font> : </font> so
that it would be but an unpleasant Experiment to search this way for a
<font> Cyder Apple </font> to exceed all that have been before ,
because the trial would be so tedious , and the labour in greatest
likelyhood lost at last . (LANGF-E3-P1,22.206)

But if a man had a mind to raise a good <font> new Fence </font> about
a <font> Field </font> he designs to inclose , which he can keep for
four or five years together to bear <font> Corn </font> or <font>
Clover-grass </font> to mow , that <font> Cattle </font> may be so long
kept out of it , he might do it rarely well by sowing Apple kernels of
as many sorts as he will , on the top of a new made <font> Ditch bank
</font> , making the <font> dead Hedge </font> <paren> that is usually
on the top of the bank </paren> on the out side of the ditch to defend
them . (LANGF-E3-P1,22.207)

When they are grown up he may plash this Hedg , leaving at every four
or five yards distance , one of the best Trees to grow up , which of
themselves will bear good <font> Cyder fruit </font> , or may be
graffed to bear what pleaseth the owner ; (LANGF-E3-P1,22.208)

and by this <P_23> means in a little time and with small charge he
shall have a <font> fruit-bearing </font> and <font> impregnable Hedge
</font> . (LANGF-E3-P1,23.209)

<font> Sect. </font> 7 . (LANGF-E3-P1,23.210)

$It $'s {TEXT:It's} held by some , that the <font> Kernel </font> of
the <font> fruit </font> hath a great dependence upon and sympathy with
the <font> pith </font> of the Tree , and that <font> hollow-trees
</font> though they grow and bear fruit , yet that fruit hath few
Kernels in it , and those little better than withered <font> husks
</font> . (LANGF-E3-P1,23.211)

When I was a young <font> Planter </font> , I was once in want of
<font> Pear-stocks </font> ; (LANGF-E3-P1,23.212)

and made my complaint to an ancient <font> practiser </font> , a man of
very good judgment in the opinion of those that knew him ,
(LANGF-E3-P1,23.213)

and he told me he had oft sowed <font> kernels </font> of <font> Pears
</font> and never could get any to grow <font> : </font>
(LANGF-E3-P1,23.214)

Yet I procured some Seeds of <font> Pears </font> from the <font> Mill
</font> , that were very <font> ripe </font> , (LANGF-E3-P1,23.215)

and had <font> stocks </font> enough from them , which makes me believe
my friend took his kernels from a <font> Tree </font> that was <font>
hollow-hearted </font> , as <font> Pear-trees </font> are more subject
to be than any other <font> fruit-trees </font> . (LANGF-E3-P1,23.216)

I mention this the rather , because if a <font> Planter </font> try any
thing but once , and fail , he should not be <font> discouraged </font>
, and particularly in this ; (LANGF-E3-P1,23.217)

but if he can get ripe Seeds , <paren> which will be then very black
</paren> and of a <font> sound Tree </font> , he need not doubt the
success . (LANGF-E3-P1,23.218)

<P_24>

And to have plenty of <font> stocks </font> such as are best for large
<font> standards </font> for <font> Orchards </font> , or <font> Fields
</font> , there is no better way of raising them than by Kernels ; with
which a man can no way be plentifully and easily provided ; but at the
time and place of making <font> Perry </font> , though he do send some
miles for them . (LANGF-E3-P1,24.220)

I shall end this <font> Chapter </font> with this one <font>
Observation </font> more , not unsuitable to what went before , and
which I have met with verifi'd more than once or twice in my own
Experience , that there are some <font> hollow fruit-trees </font> that
bear fruit so much more excellent than any of the same kind the owners
had had , or could elsewhere meet with , that they have been very
desirous to propagate from them , but never could any manner of way
raise young ones of those old <font> Trees </font> , that would bear so
good a <font> fruit </font> ; which seems to infer that the <font>
fruit </font> of a <font> Tree </font> may be the <font> better </font>
for the <font> piths </font> being <font> consum'd </font> ;
(LANGF-E3-P1,24.221)

and if that be true , it must be so , because the <font> pith </font>
conveys to the <font> fruit </font> a <font> worse </font> sort of
<font> juice </font> than any other part of the Tree doth ,
(LANGF-E3-P1,24.222)

and therefore being freed from that infection by the <font> Consumption
</font> of the <font> Pith </font> the Fruit becomes more <font> choice
</font> and <font> delicate </font> . (LANGF-E3-P1,24.223)

And that the <font> Pith </font> <P_25> is the conveyance of a <font>
courser </font> , or other sort of juice , is rendred in some sort
probable , because <paren> as hath been before observed </paren> the
<font> Kernels </font> of <font> Fruit </font> depend much upon the
<font> Pith </font> , which almost never produce such <font> good fruit
</font> as they come out of , and generally much worse .
(LANGF-E3-P1,25.224)

<heading>

CHAP. III . (LANGF-E3-P1,25.226)

<font> OF TRANSPLANTING THE SEEDLINGS . (LANGF-E3-P1,25.227)

</heading>

Sect. </font> 1 . (LANGF-E3-P1,25.229)

In <font> October </font> after one Summers growth in the <font>
Seed-plots </font> , you ought to draw up with your hand , such of your
<font> Crab </font> , <font> Apple </font> , or <font> Pear-seedlings
</font> as you find grown above a foot in height <font> : </font> and
transplant them into your <font> Nursery </font> , and let the rest
remain in the <font> Seed-plot </font> till another year ;
(LANGF-E3-P1,25.230)

as for those from <font> Stones </font> they need not be <font> removed
</font> , but inoculated in the <font> Seminary </font> , the <font>
stones </font> being set at the distance aforesaid .
(LANGF-E3-P1,25.231)

When they are drawn up , cut off the <font> side-spriggs </font> from
about the <font> top </font> , and the <font> strings </font> from
about the roots , (LANGF-E3-P1,25.232)

and snip off the <font> extremities </font> , both of the <font> top
</font> , that it may not run too fast upward , <paren> but <P_26> the
body may grow in bigness , </paren> and of the <font> tap </font> or
<font> heart root </font> , that it may not run directly <font>
downward </font> <paren> lest it run further than the good <font> soil
</font> </paren> but may be more apt to spread its <font> Roots </font>
in breadth . (LANGF-E3-P1,26.233)

Have <font> beds </font> ready prepared , of good <font> fertile dry
Earth </font> , not over <font> rich </font> , lest upon removal
afterwards into a much worse Soil <paren> as for the most part <font>
Orchard </font> and <font> Field </font> ground is </paren> your Trees
coming of a sudden from such delicate food , to such course fare , pine
away if they do not perish ; (LANGF-E3-P1,26.234)

and this is but reasonably thought to be the cause why many Trees
bought out of <font> London </font> Nurseries <paren> which are vastly
deep with <font> fat </font> , and <font> rich manure </font> </paren>
decay , or come on very poorly , when they are brought into the Country
. (LANGF-E3-P1,26.235)

Therefore upon every removal endeavour to have Earth as good , or
better <paren> to place next the <font> roots </font> </paren> than
that out of which they were taken . (LANGF-E3-P1,26.236)

<font> Sect. </font> 2 . (LANGF-E3-P1,26.237)

Let every <font> bed </font> you make , for setting these <font> Plants
</font> in , be about <font> two foot broad </font> , leaving <font>
room </font> betwixt each <font> bed </font> to walk and work about
them , without prejudicing the <font> Plants : </font>
(LANGF-E3-P1,26.238)

Set <font> two rows </font> a <font> foot </font> or more distance each
from other on every <font> bed </font> , by drawing a <font> line
</font> , and pricking <font> holes </font> a full <font> foot </font>
asunder ; (LANGF-E3-P1,26.239)

let the <P_27> <font> holes </font> be so deep , that if the <font>
roots </font> be not very long , you may set your Plants at least two
fingers breadth deeper in the ground then they grew in the <font>
Seed-plot </font> , (LANGF-E3-P1,27.240)

<font> close </font> the <font> mold </font> about them ,
(LANGF-E3-P1,27.241)

and if it be a very <font> dry </font> time , <font> water </font> them
the same day , the better to settle the Earth about them .
(LANGF-E3-P1,27.242)

If you can get old <font> Fearn </font> <paren> in some places called
also <font> Brakes </font> </paren> or for want of it <font> Straw
</font> , or <font> new Dung </font> , cover the <font> Beds </font>
with it , which will keep the <font> roots </font> warm in the <font>
Winter </font> , and preserve them from overmuch heat in the <font>
Summer </font> ; (LANGF-E3-P1,27.243)

if the land be any whit <font> stiff </font> , this cover will make it
<font> mellow </font> , and when <font> rotten </font> enrich it , and
very much hinder the growth of <font> weeds </font> , which ought duly
to be pluck'd up (LANGF-E3-P1,27.244)

and put new <font> Fearn </font> , <font> &c. </font> as the old rots .
(LANGF-E3-P1,27.245)

<font> Sect. </font> 3 . (LANGF-E3-P1,27.246)

If any of these <font> Plants </font> <paren> in the years following
</paren> shoot forth <font> upright </font> , top them early in the
year , (LANGF-E3-P1,27.247)

it will make them grow bigger bodied , and so become sooner ready for
<font> graffing </font> . (LANGF-E3-P1,27.248)

If you intend to raise any <font> Stocks </font> , to be set out in
<font> Fields </font> before they are <font> graffed </font> , you need
not <font> top </font> them upon their first <font> removal </font> ,
(LANGF-E3-P1,27.249)

neither need you <font> remove </font> them , till they are grown
<font> high </font> enough <P_28> to stand in the <font> Fields </font>
; (LANGF-E3-P1,28.250)

if you find that they <font> spread </font> their <font> roots </font>
, and run not <font> downward </font> , as in <font> gravelly </font>
and such kind of <font> soils </font> they will not be apt to do ;
<paren> and by the first you <font> draw up </font> you may judge of
the <font> rest </font> , whether they do or no : </paren> If you
<font> reserve </font> any for this use , you had best <font> choose
</font> such as grew <font> straight </font> , and at convenient <font>
distance </font> one from another ; which you may contrive to do , in
<font> drawing </font> out the <font> first two </font> years , such as
be of <font> stature </font> to be <font> Transplanted </font> from
among them : (LANGF-E3-P1,28.251)

Whether you remove these into your <font> Nursery </font> or suffer
them to remain in the <font> Seminary </font> you ought to Dress these
once or twice a year by cutting off the biggest side-branches to hasten
their growing <font> tall </font> , but leaving some small
side-branches , (LANGF-E3-P1,28.252)

for this causeth them to thrive in <font> bigness </font> the more ,
which they ought to do proportionable to their height ,
(LANGF-E3-P1,28.253)

or else they will be too <font> weak </font> to <font> bear a top
</font> . (LANGF-E3-P1,28.254)

Observe this also in <font> graffed Trees </font> in your <font>
Nurseries </font> or elsewhere . (LANGF-E3-P1,28.255)

{COM:insert_helsinki_1_here}

<P_42>

<font> Sect. </font> 2 . (LANGF-E3-P1,42.258)

The second way <paren> called <font> Graffing in the Bark </font>
</paren> is much like this , (LANGF-E3-P1,42.259)

and I prefer it from experience much before the fore-mentioned , or any
other way , (LANGF-E3-P1,42.260)

but it can with certainty only be used for <font> Apples </font> ,
because all Scions of other Fruit will be grown past use , before the
<font> Bark </font> of the <font> stocks </font> will <font> peel
</font> ; which is about the end of <font> March </font> or the
beginining of <font> April </font> : (LANGF-E3-P1,42.261)

But this will be time enough for <font> Apples </font> , if the Stocks
be in any thing good liking , which if they be not , they are not fit
to be graffed any way . (LANGF-E3-P1,42.262)

I have kept Scions of <font> Pears </font> till the bark hath risen ,
and thus graffed them with success . (LANGF-E3-P1,42.263)

If <font> February </font> have been so sharp as to keep the Scions
backward , it may do very well , not cutting them till toward the end
of <font> February </font> , (LANGF-E3-P1,42.264)

for then they will be well preserved till <font> Lady-day </font> or
thereabouts , by which time the bark of <font> Pear <P_43> stocks
</font> generally will peel from the <font> Stocks </font> .
(LANGF-E3-P1,43.265)

Prepare then your <font> Stock </font> and <font> Scion </font> exactly
as you were directed in <font> packing </font> , (LANGF-E3-P1,43.266)

only instead of cutting the <font> bark </font> off the <font> Stock
</font> , slit it on the <font> South-west </font> side , from the top
, almost as long as the <font> sloped </font> part of the <font> Scion
</font> , (LANGF-E3-P1,43.267)

and loosen the <font> bark </font> at the top of the slit with the
point of your Knife . (LANGF-E3-P1,43.268)

Have in readiness a little Instrument made of <font> Ivory </font> , or
a <font> Deer </font> or <font> Sheep-shank </font> , or <font> Silver
</font> , or hard smooth Wood , (LANGF-E3-P1,43.269)

at one end let it be made of the shope {COM:sic} of the slope part of
the Scion , but much less every way ; (LANGF-E3-P1,43.270)

thrust it down betwixt the Bark and the Wood of the <font> Stock
</font> , where it was slit , (LANGF-E3-P1,43.271)

to make room for the Scion , take it out (LANGF-E3-P1,43.272)

and put in the Scion , (LANGF-E3-P1,43.273)

but first cut a little of the <font> Bark </font> at the thin end of
the slope of the <font> Scion </font> , that it double not in going
down , (LANGF-E3-P1,43.274)

yet leave it with a sharp edge ; (LANGF-E3-P1,43.275)

and because when your {TEXT:you} Scion is put in , it will bear the
<font> bark </font> hollow from the Stock , nick or slit the <font>
Bark </font> , on each side the Scion , so that it may fall close to
the Stock , and to the edges of the Scion . (LANGF-E3-P1,43.276)

<font> Bind </font> and <font> Clay </font> it as you have already
heard . (LANGF-E3-P1,43.277)

<P_44>

These two are the best ways of <font> Graffing </font> for these
Reasons . (LANGF-E3-P1,44.279)

1 . (LANGF-E3-P1,44.280)

Because <font> Stocks </font> may be <font> Graffed </font> thus , some
years before they can be ready to <font> graff </font> in the <font>
cleft </font> ; (LANGF-E3-P1,44.281)

and though <font> Whip-graffing </font> may be used sooner then either
of those , yet their are other great inconveniencies attending it , as
you will see hereafter . (LANGF-E3-P1,44.282)

2 . (LANGF-E3-P1,44.283)

The Stocks are this way less harmed than where a cleft is used ,
because the cleft lets wet into them , and makes them not so fit for
Graffing again <paren> if any fail to grow the first time </paren> as
these continue to be , though they should once miscarry , or come to
any mischance . (LANGF-E3-P1,44.284)

3 . (LANGF-E3-P1,44.285)

The Scion will much sooner and better cover the Stock , and so make a
more <font> healthful </font> , <font> sound </font> , and <font>
swifter growing Tree </font> . (LANGF-E3-P1,44.286)

4 . (LANGF-E3-P1,44.287)

This is much more speedy , easie , and sure to succeed .
(LANGF-E3-P1,44.288)

<font> Sect. </font> 3 . (LANGF-E3-P1,44.289)

There is another way , called <font> Whip-graffing </font> ,
(LANGF-E3-P1,44.290)

and here your Stock and Scion ought to be exactly of the same bigness ,
as the manner of performing it plainly sheweth , which is as followeth
. (LANGF-E3-P1,44.291)

<font> Slope </font> off the Scion a full inch or longer ,
(LANGF-E3-P1,44.292)

and do the like to the Stock , (LANGF-E3-P1,44.293)

and tye the one upon the other . (LANGF-E3-P1,44.294)

<P_45>

You may if you will , $make $a {TEXT:a_make} shoulder on the Scion ,
and cut the top of the Stock to suit with it , and then bind them
together , and <font> clay </font> about the place .
(LANGF-E3-P1,45.296)

This way is successful enough , so that special care be taken , that
both <font> Stock </font> and <font> Scion </font> suit exactly where
they are joyned together , which is somewhat troublesome to do ,
(LANGF-E3-P1,45.297)

and so it is to find Scions and Stocks of a equal bigness ; both which
makes it require longer time in doing than the former ways ,
(LANGF-E3-P1,45.298)

besides the head will be apt to overgrow the Stocks ;
(LANGF-E3-P1,45.299)

all that can be done to prevent it , is to Graff these very low , or if
high , to give the Stock more liberty to thicken , by slitting the Bark
of it with a Knife . (LANGF-E3-P1,45.300)

In this way of <font> Graffing </font> there is another little knack
may be added to very good purpose ; (LANGF-E3-P1,45.301)

and that is , when the Stock and <font> Scion </font> are prepared
<paren> as you heard before </paren> to be joyned together , to make a
slit with a Knife in the bare place of the Stock downward , beginning
towards the top of the <font> slope </font> , and so slitting it a
little way , and doing the like in the <font> sloped </font> face of
the Scion , but beginning at the same distance from the lower end of it
, as you did before from the top of <P_46> the <font> Stock </font> ,
and so carrying it upwards , and then joyn them by thrusting the one
<font> slice </font> into the other , till the bare place of the <font>
Scion </font> cover the bare place of the <font> Stock </font> .
(LANGF-E3-P1,46.302)

This may be done likewise in <font> Graffing </font> by <font> packing
</font> , (LANGF-E3-P1,46.303)

and in both conduceth much to strengthen the work ,
(LANGF-E3-P1,46.304)

and is called by some , <font> Lipping </font> or <font> Tonguing
</font> . (LANGF-E3-P1,46.305)

