<P_1,193>

And if such be the gasping Strength of the <font> Portugals </font> ,
to terrify the Potentest Enemies to Christianity in these Parts , what
was their flourishing Estate ? (FRYER-E3-P1,1,193.2)

Whence it may easily be supposed before now all had bowed to the Cross
, which yet bend under Heathenism or <font> Mahometism </font> , had
<P_1,194> they not been prevented by unhappy Pretenders , that <paren>
I fear </paren> too much preferred Merchandize and private Pieques ,
before the welfare of Religion : (FRYER-E3-P1,1,194.3)

For it is morally probable , that had not the <font> Dutch </font> and
we interrupted them , all might have been Christian in these parts of
the World . (FRYER-E3-P1,1,194.4)

Having in a Week's time compleated my Business , returning the same way
, we steered by the <font> South </font> side of the Bay , purposely to
touch at <font> Elephanto </font> , so called from a monstrous Elephant
cut out of the main Rock , bearing a Young one on its Back ; not far
from it the Effigies of an Horse stuck up to the Belly in the Earth in
the Valley ; (FRYER-E3-P1,1,194.5)

from thence we clambred up the highest Mountain on the Island , on
whose Summit was a miraculous Piece hewed out of solid Stone :
(FRYER-E3-P1,1,194.6)

It is supported with Forty two <font> Corinthian </font> Pillars ,
being a Square , open on all sides but towards the <font> East </font>
; where stands a Statue with three Heads , crowned with strange
Hieroglyphicks : (FRYER-E3-P1,1,194.7)

At the <font> North </font> side in an high <font> Portuco </font>
stands an Altar , guarded by Giants , and immured by a Square Wall ;
(FRYER-E3-P1,1,194.8)

all along , the Walls are loaded with huge Giants , some with eight
hands , making their vanquished Knights stoop for mercy .
(FRYER-E3-P1,1,194.9)

Before this is a <font> Tank </font> full of water , and beyond that
another Place with Images . (FRYER-E3-P1,1,194.10)

This seems to be of later date than that of <font> Canorein , </font>
though defaced by the <font> Portugals </font> , who have <P_1,195>
this Island also ; but no Defence upon it , nor any thing else of Note
; (FRYER-E3-P1,1,195.11)

it may be Ten Miles round , inhabited by the <font> Povo </font> , or
Poor : (FRYER-E3-P1,1,195.12)

From hence we sailed to the <font> Putachoes </font> , a Garden of
Melons <paren> <font> Putacho </font> being a Melon </paren> were there
not wild Rats that hinder their Growth , (FRYER-E3-P1,1,195.13)

and so to <font> Bombaim </font> . (FRYER-E3-P1,1,195.14)

The Weather now was grown excessive hot , the Earth beginning to gape
for Thirst , the Sun being in its <font> Zenith </font> with us ;
(FRYER-E3-P1,1,195.15)

the <font> South </font> Winds are set in strong ,
(FRYER-E3-P1,1,195.16)

and the <font> Toddy-Trees </font> ferment their Wine over the Vessels
, the <font> Prodromi </font> of the ensuing Rains ; which make their
first shew at the first Full Moon in <font> May </font> , and continue
a Fortnight , in which space it is unhealthy ; till after a Fortnight's
fair Weather they set in for altogether . (FRYER-E3-P1,1,195.17)

This Season makes the <font> Syddy </font> retreat hither with his
Fleet , who from a Lord of <font> Duccan </font> is promoted to be the
<font> Mogul's </font> Admiral ; or truer , driven to distress by
<font> Seva Gi </font> , undertakes this Employment , in confidence to
recover his own Dominion on the Sea-Coast , whilst the <font> Mogul's
</font> General at Land is to stop his Proceedings on that side :
(FRYER-E3-P1,1,195.18)

But <font> Seva Gi </font> possessed of his Country , and bidding for
his strong Castle at <font> Dan de Rajapour </font> Bay , which he has
been to defend this Summer , derides his Attempts ,
(FRYER-E3-P1,1,195.19)

and is preparing to be install'd <font> Mau Raja , </font> or Arch
<font> Raja </font> , at his Court at <font> Rairee </font> ; for which
an Embassy to keep all right must be dispatch'd .
(FRYER-E3-P1,1,195.20)

<P_1,196>

In the mean while Nature affords us a pleasant Spectacle for this
Season , as well as Matter for Admiration ; whereby I know not why we
should deny Reason wholly to Animals ; unless it be , Man having so
much , they seem comparatively to have none : (FRYER-E3-P1,1,196.22)

For here is a Bird <paren> having its Name from the Tree it chuses for
its Sanctuary , the <font> Toddy-Tree </font> </paren> that is not only
exquisitely curious in the artificial Composure of its Nest with Hay ,
but furnished with Devices and Stratagems to secure its self and young
ones from its deadly Enemy the Squirrel ; as likewise from the Injury
of the Weather ; which being unable to oppose , it eludes with this
Artifice , contriving the Nest like a Steeple-hive , with winding
Meanders ; before which hangs a Penthouse for the Rain to pass , tying
it by so slender a Thread to the Bough of the Tree , that the Squirrel
dare not venture his Body , though his Mouth water at the Eggs and Prey
within ; (FRYER-E3-P1,1,196.23)

yet it is strong enough to bear the hanging habitation of the Ingenious
Contriver , free from all the Assaults of its Antagonist , and all the
Accidents of Gusts and Storms : (FRYER-E3-P1,1,196.24)

Hundreds of these Pendulous Nests may be seen on these Trees .
(FRYER-E3-P1,1,196.25)

Here is another Tree called <font> Brabb , </font> bodied like a Cocoe
, (FRYER-E3-P1,1,196.26)

but the Leaves grow round like a Peacock's Tail set upright , of the
same substance with the Cocoe , only varying in figure ;
(FRYER-E3-P1,1,196.27)

the Fruit of this is less than the Cocoe , and filled with a Gelly ;
(FRYER-E3-P1,1,196.28)

the Wine from this is preferred new , before the other ;
(FRYER-E3-P1,1,196.29)

there is a Tuft at top , cut off and boil'd eats like Colliflowers ; on
which Tree these Birds build also . (FRYER-E3-P1,1,196.30)

And now the Rains are set in , all Hostilities and Commerce cease ,
(FRYER-E3-P1,1,196.31)

and every one provides for this time , as the <P_1,197> laborious Ant
for the Winter , here being no stirring out to Sea , or travelling in
the Country ; the best Pastime now being good Fellowship .
(FRYER-E3-P1,1,197.32)

Thus lies this place afloat , (FRYER-E3-P1,1,197.33)

and the Rains and Thunder are violent enough to convince the
incredulous of a possibility of a General Deluge .
(FRYER-E3-P1,1,197.34)

This holds with little intermission till St. <font> Francis </font> 's
Moon , the first Full Moon in <font> August </font> ; when our <font>
Europe </font> Ships , if they save their Passage about the <font> Cape
</font> , venture to make in here , by the directions of the yellow
Bellies of the formerly mentioned Water-Snakes , who are a warning to
them of adventuring too near the Shore , till this open Weather appear
. (FRYER-E3-P1,1,197.35)

After this Full Moon , the <font> Banyans </font> , assisted by their
<font> Brachmins </font> , go in Precession to the Sea-shore ,
(FRYER-E3-P1,1,197.36)

and offer Cocoe Nuts to <font> Neptune </font> , that he would restore
there their <font> Mare Pacificum </font> ; when they make Preparations
to go to Sea , and about their Business of Trade .
(FRYER-E3-P1,1,197.37)

By this opportunity our Ambassadors crossed an Arm of the Sea ,
(FRYER-E3-P1,1,197.38)

and returning from <font> Seva Gi </font> ; delivered the President
this following Account ; which I the rather insert , because the manner
of dealing with these Princes and Great Men may be the better
understood by this formal Address . (FRYER-E3-P1,1,197.39)

<P_1,198>

<heading>

CHAP. IV . (FRYER-E3-P1,1,198.42)

<font> A NARRATIVE OF AN EMBASSY TO </font> SEVA GI , <font> AND
JOURNEY TO </font> RAIREE , <font> THE COURT OF THE </font> RAJAH .
(FRYER-E3-P1,1,198.43)

</heading>

The Ambassador having received Instructions , and got all things ready
for his Journey , embark'd on a <font> Bombaim Shebar </font> <paren>
together with two <font> English </font> Factors , who were appointed
by the Honourable the President to accompany him </paren> ;
(FRYER-E3-P1,1,198.45)

and about Nine a Clock at Night arrived at <font> Choul </font> , a
<font> Portugal </font> City on the Main , into which he could not
enter , the Gates being shut up , and Watch set ; so that they passed
this Night in the Suburbs , in a small Church called St. <font>
Sebastians </font> ; (FRYER-E3-P1,1,198.46)

and the next day about Three in the Afternoon receiving Advice that
<font> Seva Gi </font> was returned to <font> Rairee </font> from
<font> Chiblone </font> , departed thence to Upper <font> Choul </font>
, a Town belonging to the <font> Rajah </font> , about two Miles
distant from the <font> Portugal </font> City ; (FRYER-E3-P1,1,198.47)

and was in former times a great Mart of all sorts of <font> Duccan
</font> commodities ; <P_1,199> but now totally ruined by the late Wars
betwixt the <font> Mogul </font> and <font> Seva Gi </font> , whose
Arms have plundered and laid it waste . (FRYER-E3-P1,1,199.48)

The <font> Subidar </font> of this Town being a Person of Quality , who
commands the Countries opposite to <font> Bombaim , as <font> Magatan
</font> , <font> Penn </font> , and <font> Tull </font> , he thought
good to give him a Visit , and to present him with a couple of <font>
Pamerins </font> ; and the rather , because he understood by the
Linguist <font> Naran Sinaij </font> , he had some Aversion to our
Nation , and might hinder our Proceedings at Court ; from which he was
willing to take him off by all fair means : (FRYER-E3-P1,1,199.49)

He received the Visit kindly , (FRYER-E3-P1,1,199.50)

and promised all Courtesy that lay in his Power to perform ;
(FRYER-E3-P1,1,199.51)

and after some immaterial Discourse they returned to their Tents .
(FRYER-E3-P1,1,199.52)

The Day following they took Boat , (FRYER-E3-P1,1,199.53)

and sailed up <font> Choul </font> River , to a Town called <font>
Esthemy </font> , six Leagues distance from <font> Choul </font> ,
where they staid till next day ; (FRYER-E3-P1,1,199.54)

and set forth about six in the Morn from <font> Esthemy </font> ,
(FRYER-E3-P1,1,199.55)

and about Sun-set <P_1,200> pitched their Tent in a Plain , six Miles
short of <font> Nishampore </font> , where they stayed about an hour to
refresh their <font> Coolies </font> , (FRYER-E3-P1,1,200.56)

and then set forward for <font> Nishampore </font> ,
(FRYER-E3-P1,1,200.57)

and at Nine passing by <font> Nishampore </font> , arrived next Morning
at <font> Gongouly </font> , a little Village situated on the Bank of a
pleasant Rivulet ; from whence in a fair Day may be discerned the
Castle of <font> Rairee </font> : (FRYER-E3-P1,1,200.58)

The day after they proceeded on their Journy to <font> Rairee </font> ,
(FRYER-E3-P1,1,200.59)

and about Nine of the Clock in the Evening came to <font> Puncharra
</font> , a Town at the Foot of the Hill , where they understood that
<font> Seva Gi </font> was departed thence to <font> Purtaabgur </font>
, to visit the Shrine of <font> Bowany </font> , a Pagod of great
esteem with him , and celebrated some Ceremonies there in order to his
Coronation ; having carried with him several Presents , and among the
rest a <font> Lumbrico </font> of pure Gold , weighing about one <font>
Maund </font> and a quarter , which is Forty two Pounds , which he hath
dedicated to the said Pagod . (FRYER-E3-P1,1,200.60)

In the interim , understanding they could not be admitted into the
Castle till <font> Seva Gi's </font> return , they pitched their Tent
in the Plain ; (FRYER-E3-P1,1,200.61)

and in order to their more speedy dispatch , $made {TEXT:make} their
Business known to their Procurator <font> Narun Gi Pundit </font>
<paren> whose reception was very kind </paren> (FRYER-E3-P1,1,200.62)

and delivered him his Honour's Letters ; shewing him the several
Presents they brought for the <font> Rajah </font> , and Ministers of
State ; of which he highly approved , (FRYER-E3-P1,1,200.63)

and promised <P_1,201> them to help them to the <font> Rajah's </font>
presence , as soon as conveniently he could after his return from
Pilgrimage to <font> Purtaabgur </font> : (FRYER-E3-P1,1,201.64)

And bad them rest content , that his Endeavours should be totally
employed in the Honourable Company's Interest , and procuring them a
speedy dispatch : For which having rendered him Thanks , he presented
him with the Articles which they brought for the <font> Rajah </font>
to sign , translated into <font> Moratty </font> Language ; which he
said he would peruse , and then give his judgment of them .
(FRYER-E3-P1,1,201.65)

He then took occasion to discourse with him concerning the Conclusion
of a Peace betwixt the <font> Rajah </font> and the <font> Syddy
</font> of <font> Danda Rajapore </font> ; urging many Arguments to
create in him a belief it would be for the <font> Rajah's </font>
advantage , (FRYER-E3-P1,1,201.66)

but he would not be persuaded it was for his Master's Interest to raise
a Siege which had cost him so much Blood and Treasure ; especially now
he hath such hopes of gaining the Place : (FRYER-E3-P1,1,201.67)

And therefore told them , it would be in vain to move it to the <font>
Rajah </font> , who was resolved to take in the Castle , let it cost
him what it will : And to that effect was daily sending down more
Ordnance , Ammunition , Men and Money . (FRYER-E3-P1,1,201.68)

Our Ambassador replied , The President had no other Design in making
this motion , than that of a good Neighbour ; having observed the
Miseries each Party endured , and the general obstruction of Trade ,
occasioned by the War ; (FRYER-E3-P1,1,201.69)

but since he desired him to desist mentioning it to the <font> Rajah
</font> , he should not trouble him therewith ; (FRYER-E3-P1,1,201.70)

but what was more consistent with our own and his Interest ; which was
the encouraging Trade and Merchandise in his Country , and opening the
ways to <font> Baligaot </font> , that Merchants might with safety
bring down their Goods to Port ; which would be much to the <font>
Rajah's </font> Profit , and <P_1,202> encrease of his Treasury :
(FRYER-E3-P1,1,202.71)

And this he recommended to his Prudence to persuade the <font> Rajah
</font> thereto ; who being a Soldier from his Infancy , $it $'s
{TEXT:its} possible minded not such concerns . To which he answered ,
That he doubted not but it would be effected in a short time ; for that
the King of <font> Visiapour </font> , who is Owner of those Countries
<paren> from whence most sorts of Wares come </paren> being weary of
Wars with his Master , had sent several Embassies to conclude a peace
with him ; which he thought would be made up in two or three Months ,
(FRYER-E3-P1,1,202.72)

and then the Ways would be free , and the Merchants have Egress and
Regress as formerly . (FRYER-E3-P1,1,202.73)

That the <font> Rajah </font> , after his Coronation , would act more
like a Prince , by taking care of his Subjects , and endeavouring the
advancement of Commerce in his Dominions ; which he could not attend
before , being in perpetual War with the <font> Great Mogul </font> and
King of <font> Visiapour </font> . (FRYER-E3-P1,1,202.74)

This is the Substance of his Discourse with <font> Narun Gi Pundit
</font> who seemed to him to be a Man of Prudence and Esteem with his
Master : (FRYER-E3-P1,1,202.75)

So after a little sitting he took his leave of him , having first
presented him with a Diamond Ring , for which he expressed a liking ;
and his Eldest Son a Couple of <font> Pamerins </font> , which are fine
Mantles . (FRYER-E3-P1,1,202.76)

They continuing under their Tent , found it very hot and incommodious ;
wherefore they were glad when they heard the <font> Rajah </font> was
returned from <font> Purtaabgur </font> , when the Ambassador solicited
<font> Narun Gi Pundit </font> to procure his leave to pass up the Hill
into <font> Rairee </font> Castle : (FRYER-E3-P1,1,202.77)

The next <P_1,203> day they receiv'd order to ascend the Hill into the
Castle , the <font> Rajah </font> having appointed an House for them ;
which they did ; (FRYER-E3-P1,1,203.78)

leaving <font> Puncharra </font> about Three in the Afternoon , they
arrived at the top of that strong Mountain , forsaking the humble
Clouds about Sun-set . (FRYER-E3-P1,1,203.79)

It is fortified by Nature more than Art , being of very difficult
access , there being but one Avenue to it , which is guarded by two
narrow Gates , and fortified by a strong Wall exceeding high , and
Bastions thereto : (FRYER-E3-P1,1,203.80)

All the other part of the Mountain is a direct Precipice ; so that $it
$'s {TEXT:it's} impregnable , except the Treachery of some in it betray
it . (FRYER-E3-P1,1,203.81)

On the Mountain are many strong Buildings , as the <font> Rajah's
</font> Court , and Houses of other Ministers , to the number of about
. (FRYER-E3-P1,1,203.82)

It is in length about two Miles and an half , (FRYER-E3-P1,1,203.83)

but no pleasant Trees , or any sort of Grain grows thereon .
(FRYER-E3-P1,1,203.84)

Their House was about a Mile from the <font> Rajah's </font> Palace ,
into which they retired with no little content . (FRYER-E3-P1,1,203.85)

Four days after their ascent , by the sollicitation of <font> Narun Gi
Pundit </font> , the <font> Rajah </font> gave them Audience , though
busily employed by many other great Affairs , relating to his
Coronation and Marriage . (FRYER-E3-P1,1,203.86)

Our Ambassador presented him , and his Son <font> Samba Gi Rajah
</font> , with the Particulars appointed for them ; which they took
well <P_1,204> satisfied with them ; (FRYER-E3-P1,1,204.87)

and the <font> Rajah </font> assured them we might trade securely in
all his Countries without the least apprehension of ill from him , for
that the Peace was concluded . (FRYER-E3-P1,1,204.88)

Our Ambassadour replied , that was our Intent ; (FRYER-E3-P1,1,204.89)

and to that intent the President had sent him to this Court to procure
the same Articles and Privileges we enjoyed in <font> Indostan </font>
and <font> Persia </font> , where we traded . (FRYER-E3-P1,1,204.90)

He answered , it is well , (FRYER-E3-P1,1,204.91)

and referred our Business to <font> Moro Pundit </font> , his <font>
Peshua </font> , or Chancellour , to examine our Articles , and give an
account what they were . (FRYER-E3-P1,1,204.92)

He and his Son withdrew into their private Apartments , to consult with
the <font> Brachmanes </font> about the Ceremonies preparatory to his
Enstalment ; which chiefly consisted in Abstinence and Purifying ; till
which be over , he will hear no farther of Business .
(FRYER-E3-P1,1,204.93)

They likewise departed to their Lodgings . (FRYER-E3-P1,1,204.94)

A day or two after our Ambassador went to <font> Narun Gi Pundit
</font> , (FRYER-E3-P1,1,204.95)

and took his Advice concerning the presenting of the rest ;
(FRYER-E3-P1,1,204.96)

who told him he might go in Person to <font> Moro Pundit </font> , but
to the rest he should send by <font> Naran Sinaij </font> what was
intended for them : Declaring likewise if he would have his Work
specially effected , and without any impediment , that it was necessary
to be at some more charge to present Officers with <font> Pamerins
</font> , who were not in their list of Presents ;
(FRYER-E3-P1,1,204.97)

to which he assented , considering the time of the Year was so far
spent , and that <P_1,205> if he should be forced to stay the whole
Rains out at <font> Rairee </font> , the Honourable Company's Charges
would be greater than the Additional Presents : (FRYER-E3-P1,1,205.98)

He answered that two <font> Pamerins </font> were not enough for <font>
Moro Pundit </font> , that we must present him with four ; and <font>
Peta Gi Pundit Vocanovice </font> , or Publick Intelligencer , with the
{COM:sic} Diamond Ring , valued at 125 Rupees . The <font> Dehir
</font> , or <font> Persian Escrivan </font> , with Four <font>
Pamerins . </font> <font> Sam Gi Nan Gi </font> , Keeper of the Seal ,
with Four . <font> Ab Gi Pundit </font> , Four . (FRYER-E3-P1,1,205.99)

And then he should not doubt of a speedy Conclusion ;
(FRYER-E3-P1,1,205.100)

otherwise they would raise Objections on purpose to impede the
Negotiation . (FRYER-E3-P1,1,205.101)

For every Officer in Court expected something according to their Degree
and Charge . (FRYER-E3-P1,1,205.102)

<P_2,188>

Hence up Hill and down Hill , through broken Rocks and unsteady Stones
, through kindled Fires from sulphurious Caverns , and the more raging
effects of the burning Orb , (FRYER-E3-P1,2,188.104)

enlightening and enlivening all the World beside ; here it kills and
consumes the un-nurtur'd Plants , leaving them dry and sapless ; as if
these great Heaps of Rocks were made for no other end but to
counterpoize the more Fruitful Part of this Terrestrial Globe ;
insomuch that it had been utterly impossible to have drawn Breath in
this Place , had not the late unusual Rain something allayed the Fury
of the Heats , which yet were troublesome enough by reason of the
steaming Mists arising boiling hot with the Sun ; which so late in the
Year are by the most Ancient of this Country esteemed so far out of
course , that their Memory fails them to relate the like .
(FRYER-E3-P1,2,188.105)

Nor do the Publick Roads deny the Calamity of these <font> Munsels
</font> , which are frequently strewed with Bones of labouring Beasts ,
expiring under their Burthens , many of which were fresh Examples of
this Truth , lying reeking Carkasses <P_2,189> in our Way from <font>
Goor Bazergum </font> to <font> Jehun </font> , which is but Twelve
Miles , where we were forced to stay to get more Camels ,
(FRYER-E3-P1,2,189.106)

for Three had failed us in this Conflict ; (FRYER-E3-P1,2,189.107)

and afterwards with much Pain we measured six Miles more to <font>
Tangedelon </font> , where we eased our selves at a <font> Caravan Ser
Raw </font> , near a Stream of living Water sweetly gliding through the
middle of it , and wash'd the Dust off our sweaty Bodies , in a Tank
contrived to make a pleasant Bath under the Roof of the <font> Seraw
</font> . (FRYER-E3-P1,2,189.108)

<font> Tangedelon </font> expresses in its Mothers Speech , <font> A
Strait Passage </font> , which hits exactly with the following <font>
Munsel </font> ; (FRYER-E3-P1,2,189.109)

for we travelled long under hollowed Mountains , whose lofty Rocks hung
over our Heads , threatning to stop our Career , which after Twenty
Rocky Miles directed us to <font> Cormoot </font> , a Town of Dates ,
Cormoot being a Date , {COM:greek_omitted} . (FRYER-E3-P1,2,189.110)

Thus far we came directly in a Line ; (FRYER-E3-P1,2,189.111)

now we wander to and again in the Meanders of the Barren Hills , with
indefatigable Industry , till we descend into a large Plain , <P_2,190>
at the End whereof <font> Sham Zangee </font> an <font> Abassin </font>
, had built an old Caravan , Twenty Miles from Cormoot ; where we met a
<font> Caphala </font> of light Asses going for the Port ;
(FRYER-E3-P1,2,190.112)

and here we were obliged to change more of our Camels , they being
quite tired . (FRYER-E3-P1,2,190.113)

In this Plain the Heats increased upon us so , that we could not touch
the Walls (FRYER-E3-P1,2,190.114)

but they were like Fire , (FRYER-E3-P1,2,190.115)

the Winds that should refresh us were ready to inflame us ,
(FRYER-E3-P1,2,190.116)

nor was any thing cool but the Water , which they had kept in Earthen
Vessels dipped in their Wells or Tanks , where being drowned they came
up shivering cold , which was all the Comfort we received here ;
wherefore at Sun-set we made for <font> Lhor </font> , choaked with
Dust and Heat ; (FRYER-E3-P1,2,190.117)

half-way , at a new <font> Caravan Ser Raw </font> , we encountred
three <font> Caphalaes </font> laden with Dry Fruit for the Port :
(FRYER-E3-P1,2,190.118)

This was founded by the Overseer of the Building of the Long-Bridge
over the Lake leading to the Gulph , who raised himself thereby , and
begins <paren> though covetous in other things </paren> to bestow his
Mony on these Works , having laid the Foundation for another at <font>
Sham Zangee . </font> (FRYER-E3-P1,2,190.119)

From this Place to <font> Lhor </font> the Ground is more Even , and
fit for Cultivation , the Husbandmen having planted their Cottages
along the Valley , on each side of a gliding Brook , here and there
beset with <font> Tamerisk </font> Trees . (FRYER-E3-P1,2,190.120)

About Nine in the Morning we came to <font> Lhor </font> , near Forty
Mile from <font> Sham Zangee </font> . (FRYER-E3-P1,2,190.121)

The <font> Hollanders </font> have here a neat , but small Dwelling ,
whither their Commodore comes sometimes : (FRYER-E3-P1,2,190.122)

In this we designed to have worn some <P_2,191> days away ,
(FRYER-E3-P1,2,191.123)

but neither the Heat nor <font> Musquitoes </font> would let us rest
long in this City ; wherefore desiring to fly from these , we changed
our Camels for Mules , that we might make better speed than these slow
Animals would endure ; (FRYER-E3-P1,2,191.124)

for these intemperate Seats were too hot for us , so that the same
Afternoon we mounted , (FRYER-E3-P1,2,191.125)

and on Horseback saw the remaining part of the City leading us on our
Way . (FRYER-E3-P1,2,191.126)

The Road from <font> Bunder </font> to it is spacious and open ,
through a pleasant Campaign for near Twenty Miles , the Mountains
observing a modest distance on that side , although behind it is begirt
with enough for defence ; at {COM:sic} top of which is a notable Seat ,
fit for a Castle , being of difficult Access , from whence those that
approach , may hear the Thundring Cannons roar among the Valleys ,
which were most taken from the Portugals in their being beaten out of
the Gulph . (FRYER-E3-P1,2,191.127)

<font> Lhor </font> is a City of an Ancient Date ,
(FRYER-E3-P1,2,191.128)

and still retains its Name , which for that it was so guarded by Nature
that it could not easily be conquered , held many Ages the Majesty of a
Kingdom ; (FRYER-E3-P1,2,191.129)

but now it is governed by a Puritanical <font> Caun </font> <paren> for
that he has visited <font> Mahomet's </font> Tomb </paren> under the
<font> Persian </font> Emperor ; (FRYER-E3-P1,2,191.130)

yet still it extends its self far in its Province , reaching almost to
<font> Bunder Abassee </font> , (FRYER-E3-P1,2,191.131)

and has two eminent Ports tending to the Mouth of <font> Euphrates
</font> , viz. <font> Bunder Congo </font> and <font> Bunder Reek
</font> , with half the Pearl-fishing , divided between the <font> Arab
</font> and <font> Persian </font> . (FRYER-E3-P1,2,191.132)

He is in <P_2,192> such Vogue at Court for his Probity , that his
Neighbour <font> Caun </font> was ordered to submit to his Judgment ,
before whose Tribunal he appeared to answer the Crimes objected to him
in his Government . (FRYER-E3-P1,2,192.133)

However he is not so great a Bigot as to abstract himself wholly from
the Pleasures of this World , so as to deny himself his Paradise here :
(FRYER-E3-P1,2,192.134)

For his Palaces shew not only studious Contrivances ,
(FRYER-E3-P1,2,192.135)

but are Luxurious both-1 for inward Furniture and outward Beauty , with
which Pleasures he oftner indulges himself than he is at Leisure for
Publick Affairs . (FRYER-E3-P1,2,192.136)

Before his Palaces a Foursquare Piatzo takes in a large Space of Ground
, with Gates to every Quarter ; over which his loud Musick are placed ,
either to entertain Strangers , or by their Noise to give the Time of
the Day at every Three or Four Hours : (FRYER-E3-P1,2,192.137)

At the Gate entring the Palace is a constant Guard :
(FRYER-E3-P1,2,192.138)

Within are stately Apartments , with Lakes and Gardens , equal to the
<font> Roman </font> Pride in its Age of Wantonness ; but so much the
more to be extoll'd , by how much more this Soil is incompatible with
the <font> Italian </font> Mold . {COM:verse_omitted}
(FRYER-E3-P1,2,192.139)

<P_2,193>

Besides all these , there is an Exchange , or <font> Burse </font> ,
full of Wares , in the Figure of a Cross , reared with polished Stone
on a large Area before the Duke's House . (FRYER-E3-P1,2,193.141)

The Water in use for the common People is chiefly Rain ; wherefore the
Cisterns are more costly than in other Places ; (FRYER-E3-P1,2,193.142)

of the same Figure as at <font> Gombroon </font> , only some few are
tubilated and built of Mud . (FRYER-E3-P1,2,193.143)

Many Merchants possess Princely Edifices in this Town , it being a
Place of some considerable Trade both Inland , and from the several
Ports . (FRYER-E3-P1,2,193.144)

The Earth is productive of Sulphur , whose Chymical Spirit is extracted
here , (FRYER-E3-P1,2,193.145)

and is preferable to any other , I never having met with more refined
Brimstone ; (FRYER-E3-P1,2,193.146)

they generally distil it <font> per Campanam </font> .
(FRYER-E3-P1,2,193.147)

The <font> Bezoar </font> -Stone is purchased at this Mart , being said
to be found in the Stomach of the Mountain-Goats hereabouts ,
occasioned by some Plant they delight to feed on , <P_2,194> to which
they attribute its Growth : On which Subject more may be seen in <font>
Bontius </font> Junior's Animadversions on the Second and Sixth
Paragraph of <font> Garcius ab Orta` : Whose Words are to this Effect ;
' This Stone I find not-6 only-7 to be generated in <font> Persia
</font> , but also in other Parts of the World ;
(FRYER-E3-P1,2,194.148)

and because none as I know of before my self have given the true <font>
Etymon </font> or Derivation of this Stone , or how it grows , hear the
Business in a few Words . (FRYER-E3-P1,2,194.149)

' The <font> Persians </font> then call this Stone <font> Pazahar
</font> , being a Compound of <font> Pa </font> and <font> Zahar
</font> , the first of which is <font> against </font> , the other is
<font> Poyson </font> ; as much as if you should say in <font> Greek
</font> , <font> Antidoton , </font> in <font> English </font> ,
Counter-Poyson . (FRYER-E3-P1,2,194.150)

' It grows after this manner ; (FRYER-E3-P1,2,194.151)

there is a Place in <font> Persia </font> called <font> Stebanon ,
</font> as <font> Bontius </font> writes , the <font> Persian Shabanat
</font> , Three Days Journey beyond <font> Lhor </font> , in whose
Fields there springs up an Herb like Saffron and Hermodactyls , on
which the Flocks of Goats <paren> or Sheep </paren> feed ,
(FRYER-E3-P1,2,194.152)

and by their eating thereof these Stones concrete
(FRYER-E3-P1,2,194.153)

and become an hard Substance ; (FRYER-E3-P1,2,194.154)

but I suspend my Vote , whether in the Stomach , Reins , or Bladder :
(FRYER-E3-P1,2,194.155)

However , that Belief may be gained for any of these ,
(FRYER-E3-P1,2,194.156)

seeing them halt and complain as much as Men {COM:would_complain} under
the same distress , would more than incline the most incredulous .
(FRYER-E3-P1,2,194.157)

They are not , says he , unlike the <font> Europe </font> Goats ,
(FRYER-E3-P1,2,194.158)

only they have longer and straiter Horns : (FRYER-E3-P1,2,194.159)

They are not of divers Colours , as he affirms ,
(FRYER-E3-P1,2,194.160)

neither go they in Flocks or Herds together ; though I have eaten of
their Flesh more than once , hunted by Greyhounds , being turned loose
from the Mountains , they having much of the Nature of Venison both-2
in their <P_2,195> Taste and Aspect . (FRYER-E3-P1,2,195.161)

Moreover these Creatures <paren> rather Sheep than Goats </paren> as
they breed greater or lesser Stones , they discover it by their Gate ,
of which both the crafty <font> Armenian </font> as well as <font>
Persian </font> are well advised . (FRYER-E3-P1,2,195.162)

Other Creatures as well as these are subject to this Distemper , as
Cows , Sheep , and Apes ; which last is reckoned the most excellent
<font> Bezoar </font> by more than a few . (FRYER-E3-P1,2,195.163)

To the Directions already given , I shall add , That the true <font>
Bezoar </font> Stones have a Straw , or something in resemblance
thereof , which never fails but in the Adulterate ;
(FRYER-E3-P1,2,195.164)

and if the upper Coat being shaved off , there succeed not another
Round , as is visible in Onions , till you come to the Straw without
doubt it is Counterfeit . (FRYER-E3-P1,2,195.165)

But the following Method will better betray the Cheat , because they
leave nothing unattempted to impose upon the Buyers :
(FRYER-E3-P1,2,195.166)

If you rub the Stone with a little Lime , and if in the chafed Part
there appears a Purple Colour , it declares it true and genuine ,
without sophistication . (FRYER-E3-P1,2,195.167)

Or if you cast them into a Bason of Water , after an exact Account is
taken of their Weight , and they be taken out Three Hours after , and
weighed again , and it answer the first Account , neither losing nor
gaining by their stay in the Water , then pronounce them right :
(FRYER-E3-P1,2,195.168)

But if being rubbed by Lime they chance to crack , or a Flaw be made in
the Trial , or that they alter upon their Immersion in the Water , you
slander them not , if you say they are False . (FRYER-E3-P1,2,195.169)

In this Country <font> Assa Foetida </font> is gathered at a Place
called <font> Descoon </font> ; (FRYER-E3-P1,2,195.170)

some deliver it to be the juice of a Cane <P_2,196> or Reed inspissated
; others , of a Tree wounded : (FRYER-E3-P1,2,196.171)

It differs much from the stinking Stuff called <font> Hing </font> , it
being of the Province of <font> Carmania </font> :
(FRYER-E3-P1,2,196.172)

This latter is that the <font> Indians </font> perfume themselves with
, mixing it in all their Pulse , (FRYER-E3-P1,2,196.173)

and make it up in Wafers to correct the Windiness of their Food , which
they thunder up in Belchings from the Crudities created in their
Stomachs ; never thinking themselves at ease without this <font>
Thaeriac </font> : (FRYER-E3-P1,2,196.174)

And this is that they cozen the <font> Europeans </font> with instead
of <font> Assa Foetida </font> , of which it bears not only the Smell ,
but Colour also , (FRYER-E3-P1,2,196.175)

only it is more liquid . (FRYER-E3-P1,2,196.176)

It is usual on the News of our Approach to these great Cities , or
Populous Towns , for the Governors or their Deputies to expect the
coming of our Agent a <font> Pharsang </font> out of Town , bringing
the Men of Note with him to attend us to our Lodgings , and bring us
with Pomp through their Streets , and at the same time lay in Store for
us and our Horses , ushering in huge Courses of Provisions , both ready
dress'd and undress'd , as also Services of Sweetmeats dried and
undried , sending in Sheep , Goat , and Pullen , Barley , Rice , and
the like ; (FRYER-E3-P1,2,196.177)

and at our departure Present us with <font> Persian </font> Steeds for
our Journy : For which we must not stir till we have paid sufficiently
, by return of our Country Manufactures , as Scarlet , Watches , or
something of greater Value : (FRYER-E3-P1,2,196.178)

<font> Tam cito` in avaritiam excurrit sua humanitas ; quommodo enim
beneficiuun est quod in quaestum mittitur ? cum a` beneficio abesse
debeat negotiatio , &c . </font> Senec. lib. 3. de Benefic.
(FRYER-E3-P1,2,196.179)

So soon their Humanity is turned to Avarice ; (FRYER-E3-P1,2,196.180)

for how can that be esteemed a Gift , which is bestowed with an intent
to gain ? Since any manner of Profit , which is sordid ; makes void an
entire Benefaction . (FRYER-E3-P1,2,196.181)

<P_2,197>

But being rewarded for their forced Courtesy , upon our mounting they
conducted us on our Way , as far as they waited to bring us in .
(FRYER-E3-P1,2,197.183)

<heading>

CHAP. III . (FRYER-E3-P1,2,197.185)

<font> WE MEASURE THE UTMOST BOUNDS OF THE PROVINCES OF </font> LHOR
<font> AND </font> GEROM , <font> TO THE CITY OF </font> SIRAS .
(FRYER-E3-P1,2,197.186)

</heading>

Being now advanced upon the Mountains , among whose Tops and Turnings
we make our Progress ; fresh instances of the Convulsions which this
Sulphurious Soil is subject to encounter us , as by the Cloven Hills
and Rocks we may be convinced could be effected by no other means than
by terrible Earthquakes from the Bowels of the Earth :
(FRYER-E3-P1,2,197.188)

Among these droughty and uncouth Paths , having wearied our Steps for
Three <font> Pharsangs </font> , we came to a <font> Caravan Ser Raw
</font> , by Name <font> Pokutal </font> , at the foot of these
Mountains , and the beginning of a spacious Plain , where we found the
first alleviation from the fierce Heats of the Noon of Night , though
at Noon Day we could not think our case much amended .
(FRYER-E3-P1,2,197.189)

<font> Po </font> is interpreted the Basis , <font> Kutal </font> of
the Hill ; (FRYER-E3-P1,2,197.190)

this Inn was a new , strong , square , large Inn ; the first we stabled
, or rather shut our Doors in a-Nights , it being Built after the Best
Form , and Capacious of a great Number , both-2 in the outward Square
and inner Stables ; (FRYER-E3-P1,2,197.191)

to this belonged Three stately Tanks with a deep Well , some an Hundred
Fathoms down to the Bottom , with a Pond , either-1 to Water <P_2,198>
or Wash the Cattel in , hard by it ; the perfect proof of our being
passed the Sands , which hold not digging such a depth , this being
White Marle ; (FRYER-E3-P1,2,198.192)

and the whole Plain promised a more fruitful Clay .
(FRYER-E3-P1,2,198.193)

Hence to <font> Bury </font> metes out Twelve Miles more , where the
best <font> Caravan Ser Raw </font> is on all the Road , it being not
only well Adorned with White facing Stone , but is both Large and
Convenient , as well as Stately Fabrick . (FRYER-E3-P1,2,198.194)

Hard by this is a <font> Peor </font> , or Burying-place of one of
their Prophets , being a goodly Monument , with an <font> Arabick
</font> School Founded in his Honour , and Endowed with a good Pension
for to maintain the Devotion of their Priests . (FRYER-E3-P1,2,198.195)

The next <font> Munsel </font> we hardly Went , (FRYER-E3-P1,2,198.196)

but Crept onward to {COM:sic} , through almost impassable and dangerous
Precipices , with all the heed imaginable , (FRYER-E3-P1,2,198.197)

for a Trip here could not have been retrieved without the loss of our
Lives ; (FRYER-E3-P1,2,198.198)

but by the Divine Providence we came to <font> Bonaru </font> , an
Eight Cornered <font> Caravan Ser Raw </font> , Eighteen Miles from
<font> Bury </font> ; (FRYER-E3-P1,2,198.199)

there on an Hill are the remains of a regular Fortification , with a
suppliment of Outworks on every side , without any Avenue , unless on
one side ; (FRYER-E3-P1,2,198.200)

between this Village and <font> Bury </font> , the Inhabitants reckon a
many Castles on the Mountains with large Tanks of Water , and
Store-houses for Provisions <P_2,199> of Corn , Cut out of the main
Rocks with indefatigable Cost and Industry , which Works were they to
be begun now <paren> as they say </paren> could not be Finished by the
Expertest Artists in Fifty Years . (FRYER-E3-P1,2,199.201)

They yet retain a Warlike Disposition , being still accounted the best
Gunners here of any other places in <font> Persia </font> ;
(FRYER-E3-P1,2,199.202)

at the Entrance into this place are unsizable Heads of Mountain-Rams
with their Horns , set up as the Trophies of their Skill in Shooting
them ; and as a farther Argument of the cruel slaughter made among
their Forefathers , (FRYER-E3-P1,2,199.203)

for more than Three Days Journy together , the Fields are every where
filled with Graves . (FRYER-E3-P1,2,199.204)

And now we began to be acquainted with the shift they make for Water in
these dry Countries , where there is little Rain , and Rivulets ;
(FRYER-E3-P1,2,199.205)

they Dig for Springs , (FRYER-E3-P1,2,199.206)

and when they have found one , they follow the Water-Course which way
it directs under Ground , Hollowing the Ground ,
(FRYER-E3-P1,2,199.207)

and at every Thirty or Forty Yards , cast up a Mole-Hill , where they
make a Pit to Ventilate and let in the Air to Purify the Water , as
well as to Cleanse the Channel , (FRYER-E3-P1,2,199.208)

and this Course holds on many <font> Pharsangs </font> together for the
advantage of the Vallies ; (FRYER-E3-P1,2,199.209)

and this I look upon to be as <P_2,200> much the cause of the
Generation of the <font> Bezoar </font> -Stone in the Animals aforesaid
, as the reasons alleged there by <font> Bontius </font> for their
Production ; (FRYER-E3-P1,2,200.210)

for by the consent of the Physicians , nothing contributes more to the
Breeding of the Stone in Men , than such things as are Undigested and
create Obstructions ; (FRYER-E3-P1,2,200.211)

nor can any thing be more Obstructing than such Water as is drawn from
Wells and deep Caverns , where the Sun has little influence , as we may
have occasion to manifest afterwards ; (FRYER-E3-P1,2,200.212)

and therefore we may probably Conjecture , these Unconcocted Waters to
be a main instrument of their production , since where these are in use
, this Accident is more general than in other places .
(FRYER-E3-P1,2,200.213)

