<P_46>

<font> Sect. </font> 4 . (LANGF-E3-P2,46.2)

I am now going to discribe another way that I never read of , neither
ever knew more than one that used it , and he a skilful Gardiner and
us'd it very much : (LANGF-E3-P2,46.3)

Knowing no name for it I have given it the name of <font> Side-graffing
</font> . (LANGF-E3-P2,46.4)

$It $'s {TEXT:It's} done by preparing the <font> Scion </font> as in
<font> Whip-graffing </font> ; (LANGF-E3-P2,46.5)

then without cutting off the head of the <font> Stock </font> , <paren>
but making it thin of side Branches </paren> from a smooth place of it
on the <font> West-side </font> , take off as much <font> bark </font>
as the <font> Scion </font> will cover <paren> as in <font> Packing
</font> </paren> (LANGF-E3-P2,46.6)

and slit both <font> Scion </font> and <font> Stock </font> , according
to the directions given of Lipping or Tonguing in the end of the last
<font> Section </font> , (LANGF-E3-P2,46.7)

and fix them together accordingly : (LANGF-E3-P2,46.8)

Bind it close (LANGF-E3-P2,46.9)

and <font> clay </font> it . (LANGF-E3-P2,46.10)

If it grow , at a years end cut off the top of the <font> Stock </font>
at the <font> graffed </font> place slopewise , (LANGF-E3-P2,46.11)

and <font> clay </font> it . (LANGF-E3-P2,46.12)

<P_47>

Some done thus grow well , (LANGF-E3-P2,47.14)

and I have used it successfully , the transient sap uniting it well to
the <font> Stock </font> , (LANGF-E3-P2,47.15)

and it groweth fast if the head of the <font> Stock </font> be not too
big to rob it of the sap and drop upon it , (LANGF-E3-P2,47.16)

therefore suffer not the top of the <font> Stock </font> much to over
grow the <font> Scion </font> the first year before $it $'s {TEXT:it's}
cut quite off . (LANGF-E3-P2,47.17)

There is another way of this kind , I have known used ,
(LANGF-E3-P2,47.18)

and is easier done than the former , (LANGF-E3-P2,47.19)

that is , to slit the <font> bark </font> of the <font> Stock </font>
in the form of a great T , and loosening it with the point of a Knife ,
and then clapping in a <font> Scion </font> , prepared as hath been
said before , <paren> but without the slit for <font> Lipping </font> ,
</paren> (LANGF-E3-P2,47.20)

<font> bind </font> and <font> clay </font> it . (LANGF-E3-P2,47.21)

This can be used only when the bark will part from the <font> Stock
</font> . (LANGF-E3-P2,47.22)

<font> Sect. </font> 5 . (LANGF-E3-P2,47.23)

The next way is that which is called <font> Graffing </font> in the
<font> Cleft </font> , and is very ancient , and still used by <font>
common-Planters </font> , (LANGF-E3-P2,47.24)

and $it $'s {TEXT:it's} thus performed . (LANGF-E3-P2,47.25)

Cut off the head of the <font> Stock </font> even and smooth ,
(LANGF-E3-P2,47.26)

cleave it with a strong <font> Knife </font> , or <font> Chissel
</font> , <paren> hereafter described when I speak of <font> Pruning
</font> big Trees </paren> (LANGF-E3-P2,47.27)

let the slit run near two inches deep , (LANGF-E3-P2,47.28)

let it be as near the middle of the <font> stock </font> as you can ,
but not in the <font> pith </font> or <font> heart </font> ;
(LANGF-E3-P2,47.29)

have in readiness a stick of hard Wood , near a foot <P_48> long , at
one end made like a <font> wedge </font> ; (LANGF-E3-P2,48.30)

when you have taken out the <font> Cleaver </font> , put the <font>
wedg </font> into the <font> slit </font> , (LANGF-E3-P2,48.31)

and open it so wide as to put in the <font> Scion </font> , when $it
$'s {TEXT:it's} prepared . Which is by cutting it down <font> slope
</font> on each side , about an inch in length , beginning at the joynt
, but leaving it much thinner on that side that goeth into the <font>
Stock </font> than the other that is outward , (LANGF-E3-P2,48.32)

<paren> that side must be outward that will cause it to lean rather
<font> outward </font> than <font> inward </font> ; </paren>
(LANGF-E3-P2,48.33)

you may let it have a shoulder on one side , or both , or neither ,
(LANGF-E3-P2,48.34)

all these ways are used ; (LANGF-E3-P2,48.35)

but shouldering takes up more time , (LANGF-E3-P2,48.36)

and makes the <font> Scion weaker </font> , and so apter by any chance
to be broke off . (LANGF-E3-P2,48.37)

Then with your Knife cut away any <font> jags </font> , or <font>
roughness </font> , or <font> blackness </font> that remains after
cleaving on each side of the <font> cleft </font> within ,
(LANGF-E3-P2,48.38)

and so put in either <font> one </font> or <font> two Scions </font>
<paren> according as your <font> stock </font> is in bigness , </paren>
(LANGF-E3-P2,48.39)

place them so as the passage of the <font> sap </font> betwixt the
<font> bark </font> and <font> wood </font> , both-2 of the <font>
Stock </font> and <font> Scion </font> , may meet all along the <font>
cleft </font> , as near as you can ; (LANGF-E3-P2,48.40)

draw then forth your <font> wedge </font> , (LANGF-E3-P2,48.41)

and if the stock be a big strong stock , and do pinch the <font> Graffs
</font> , drive a little wedge of dry wood into the <font> slit </font>
, but not so as to let the <font> Scions </font> loose ;
(LANGF-E3-P2,48.42)

<P_49_misnumbered_as_59>

or for such strong stocks cut the <font> Graffs </font> as thick on
that side that goes into the stock , as on the outside , which will
prevent the stocks hurting the sappy part and <font> bark </font> of
the Scion . (LANGF-E3-P2,49_misnumbered_as_59.44)

Many cleave big stocks cross-wise again ,
(LANGF-E3-P2,49_misnumbered_as_59.45)

and put in two more <font> Scions </font>
(LANGF-E3-P2,49_misnumbered_as_59.46)

but cleaving hurts the stock so much that you had better <paren> if you
will have more than two <font> Scions </font> in one stock </paren>
<font> Graff </font> the other two in the bark , according to the
<font> second </font> way of <font> Graffing </font> , forecasting one
of them to be on the <font> West-side </font> of the <font> stock
</font> . (LANGF-E3-P2,49_misnumbered_as_59.47)

<font> Sect. </font> 6 . (LANGF-E3-P2,49_misnumbered_as_59.48)

There is another way , called <font> Graffing </font> by <font>
Approach , Ablactation , </font> or <font> Enarching </font> , which is
by having a <font> stock </font> , or <font> stocks </font> grow so
near another Tree , whose <font> Fruit </font> you would propagate ,
that the <font> stock </font> and the <font> branch </font> of that
Tree may be joyned together in the manner following ; or else <font>
stocks </font> raised in <font> Pots </font> , that may be placed near
the Tree of whose kind you would propagate ; as is commonly used for
<font> Orange-Trees </font> . (LANGF-E3-P2,49_misnumbered_as_59.49)

Cut the side of the <font> Branch </font> and of the <font> stock
</font> <paren> where they will meet </paren> about three inches in
length , till you come near the <font> pith </font> of each ,
(LANGF-E3-P2,49_misnumbered_as_59.50)

and fit them both together , that the passages of the sap may joyn , in
which posture <font> bind </font> and <font> clay </font> them :
(LANGF-E3-P2,49_misnumbered_as_59.51)

Assoon <P_50> as you find the <font> Scion </font> and <font> Stock
</font> to be well cemented together , cut off the head of the <font>
Stock </font> , about four inches above the binding ;
(LANGF-E3-P2,50.52)

and in <font> March </font> following , cut off the stub you left of
the <font> Stock </font> , and also the <font> Scion </font> underneath
, close to the Graffed place , that it may subsist by the Stock only .
(LANGF-E3-P2,50.53)

$It $'s {TEXT:It's} also used to be done by cutting off the head of the
<font> Stock </font> at first , and sloping half off about two inches
long , and joyning the <font> Scion </font> thereunto , being cut
accordingly . (LANGF-E3-P2,50.54)

<font> See the figure . </font> (LANGF-E3-P2,50.55)

This manner of <font> Graffing </font> is unnecessary , and scarcely
practicable in the <font> Fruit-Trees </font> , chiefly intended in
this Book ; (LANGF-E3-P2,50.56)

but for <font> Oranges , Limons , Pomgranates , Vines , Jessamins
</font> , and such like <font> shrubs </font> it may be practis'd .
(LANGF-E3-P2,50.57)

Also $it $'s {TEXT:it's} said that Trees of different kinds will sooner
take this way than otherwise . (LANGF-E3-P2,50.58)

Among all these sorts of <font> Graffing </font> , the second way for
<font> Apples </font> , and the first for all other <font> Fruit-trees
</font> , are to be preferred before all the rest . (LANGF-E3-P2,50.59)

The Figures with these directions , I hope will make all easie to any
mans understanding . (LANGF-E3-P2,50.60)

<P_51>

<heading>

CHAP. VI . (LANGF-E3-P2,51.63)

<font> Observations concerning Graffing . (LANGF-E3-P2,51.64)

</heading>

Sect. </font> 1 . (LANGF-E3-P2,51.66)

If the <font> Plants </font> that you removed out of your <font>
Seed-plot </font> into the <font> Nursery </font> , and such <font>
Stocks </font> for <font> Stone-fruit </font> in the <font> Seed-plot
</font> as you intend to <font> Graff </font> , be half an inch over in
thickness , where they are to be <font> Graffed </font> , or little
more , $it $'s {TEXT:it's} enough : (LANGF-E3-P2,51.67)

$It $'s {TEXT:It's} best not to have them above an inch in the diameter
, both that you may lose no time , and that the <font> Stock </font>
may be easier covered by the <font> Scion </font> . (LANGF-E3-P2,51.68)

<font> Sect. </font> 2 . (LANGF-E3-P2,51.69)

In providing <font> Scions </font> or <font> Graffs </font> of <font>
Pears , Plums </font> and <font> Cherries </font> you must observe to
cut them in <font> January </font> , or at the very beginning of <font>
February </font> , having respect to the forwardness or backwardness of
the Spring , and the warmth or coldness of the Country you live in ;
(LANGF-E3-P2,51.70)

but you must be sure to cut them before the buds have any speck of
white appear upon them . (LANGF-E3-P2,51.71)

<font> Scions </font> for <font> Apple-trees </font> will seldom be too
forward any time before the beginning of <font> March </font> .
(LANGF-E3-P2,51.72)

Choose strong and well grown <font> Scions </font> , that grow at the
top or outside of a <font> Tree </font> that bears well , and good
fruit of its <P_52> kind , (LANGF-E3-P2,52.73)

and cut not off the tops of the <font> Scions </font> till you <font>
Graff </font> them , (LANGF-E3-P2,52.74)

for so they will keep the better . (LANGF-E3-P2,52.75)

I have always found a <font> shoot </font> or <font> branch </font> of
the year next foregoing to thrive best ; (LANGF-E3-P2,52.76)

and though in <font> Graffing </font> old Trees in <font>
Hereford-shire </font> , some commend and use <font> Scions </font> of
<font> two </font> or <font> three </font> years growth , yet those are
seldom found to have convenient <font> buds </font> to put forth at ,
(LANGF-E3-P2,52.77)

and often times have <font> blossoming </font> buds on them ,
(LANGF-E3-P2,52.78)

and make not so good a growth , (LANGF-E3-P2,52.79)

neither have they so good a <font> joynt </font> to <font> Graff
</font> at , as those of the last year . (LANGF-E3-P2,52.80)

When you get them , you had best cut off at least a hands breadth of
that which grew the year before with them , besides the last years
<font> shoot </font> ; (LANGF-E3-P2,52.81)

for so they will keep the better , (LANGF-E3-P2,52.82)

and you must use about an inch of that old wood in every <font> Scion
</font> when you <font> Graff </font> it . (LANGF-E3-P2,52.83)

<font> Sect. </font> 3 . (LANGF-E3-P2,52.84)

In <font> January </font> or <font> February </font> , as you find the
weather grow warm , the wind not being <font> North </font> , or <font>
North-East </font> , you may Graff <font> Plums , Cherries </font> ,
and <font> Pears </font> , but not <font> Apples </font> till the
<font> bark </font> of the <font> Stocks </font> will <font> rise
</font> or <font> peel </font> from the wood , which is seldom before
the middle of <font> March </font> , and often not till <font> April
</font> , because this is necessary for the best way <P_53> of <font>
Graffing </font> them ; (LANGF-E3-P2,53.85)

but if you will <font> Graff </font> any <font> Apples </font> in the
<font> cleft </font> , you may do it a little sooner .
(LANGF-E3-P2,53.86)

Perhaps you may not have several sorts of <font> Plums , Cherries
</font> or <font> Pears </font> , so near you as that you may get
<font> buds </font> fresh enough for <font> Inoculation </font> .
(LANGF-E3-P2,53.87)

In this case you may procure <font> Scions </font> and <font> Graff
</font> them , (LANGF-E3-P2,53.88)

and they will continue fresh though you should send for them from
beyond Sea . (LANGF-E3-P2,53.89)

<font> Sect. </font> 4 . (LANGF-E3-P2,53.90)

These <font> Scions </font> may be kept three <font> weeks </font> , or
a <font> month </font> after they are cut , before they are used ,
(LANGF-E3-P2,53.91)

and there ought to be a <font> fortnight </font> or <font> three weeks
</font> betwixt the time of their being <font> cut </font> , and of
their being <font> Graffed </font> , that the <font> Stocks </font> in
that time may be more replenisht with <font> sap </font> , and the
<font> Scions </font> be more empty of it . (LANGF-E3-P2,53.92)

To keep your <font> Scions </font> or <font> Graffs </font> after they
are cut , you need not , as some direct , bury them in <font> moist
mold </font> , (LANGF-E3-P2,53.93)

for this may be a means to make them swell and bud forth , by receiving
moisture from the <font> Earth </font> ; (LANGF-E3-P2,53.94)

and then when by <font> Graffing </font> they are exposed to the cold
open <font> Air </font> , they will be in danger to wither and die
before they have nourishment from the <font> Stock </font> .
(LANGF-E3-P2,53.95)

<P_54>

You may lay them in a dry house , so it be near no heat , or under an
old Tree , or Hedge , and cover them all over with <font> dry mold
</font> , that the <font> Air </font> may not have too much influence
upon them : (LANGF-E3-P2,54.97)

though they seem somewhat dry , yet if they cut with a fresh colour ,
and be not much withered , they will not grow the worse , but rather
the better ; (LANGF-E3-P2,54.98)

yea some that have seemed withered , being carried in a Cloak-bag
<font> seventy </font> or <font> eighty </font> miles have grown well .
(LANGF-E3-P2,54.99)

Suffer not the <font> buds </font> to be hurt , or rub'd in the <font>
binding </font> or <font> carriage </font> . (LANGF-E3-P2,54.100)

<font> Sect. </font> 5 . (LANGF-E3-P2,54.101)

There be some indifferent whether they <font> Graff </font> at a <font>
joynt </font> or no , but forecast to have a <font> bud </font>
directly behind the <font> shoulder </font> of the <font> Scion </font>
: (LANGF-E3-P2,54.102)

If <font> Scions </font> with <font> joynts </font> were scarce , you
might practise so on small <font> Stocks </font> that will be speedily
cover'd , (LANGF-E3-P2,54.103)

but if <font> Scions </font> can be had with <font> joints </font> ,
never <font> Graff </font> with others , (LANGF-E3-P2,54.104)

for these will cover the <font> Stocks </font> sooner .
(LANGF-E3-P2,54.105)

It will do well in <font> Graffing Stocks </font> for large <font>
Standards </font> , to put but one <font> Scion </font> into a Stock ,
and if it put forth several <font> shoots </font> to cut off all but
one , that is the straightest and strongest . (LANGF-E3-P2,54.106)

But for <font> Dwarfs </font> and <font> Wall-fruit </font> put in
<font> two Scions </font> , if the <font> Stock </font> be big enough .
(LANGF-E3-P2,54.107)

Let the latter be <P_55> <font> Graffed </font> near the ground , the
former at such height as the <font> Stock </font> will allow .
(LANGF-E3-P2,55.108)

<font> Sect. </font> 6 . (LANGF-E3-P2,55.109)

In <font> Graffing </font> or <font> Inoculating </font> , it may be
necessary to have some <font> mark </font> , to know what kind of
<font> Fruit </font> is put upon each Stock ; (LANGF-E3-P2,55.110)

if you Graff many of one kind , <paren> as $it $'s {TEXT:it's}
necessary for <font> Syder-Fruit </font> </paren> you may observe to
make every <font> row </font> to consist but-1 of one kind , and no
other ; (LANGF-E3-P2,55.111)

but in a Book , that such a row hath such a kind of <font> Fruit
</font> in it , and $it $'s {TEXT:it's} but entring where there are
several in one row , there may be a Stake knockt into the ground at the
beginning of every new sort , and so entred in your Book ;
(LANGF-E3-P2,55.112)

and where you have very few of a kind <paren> or for your whole <font>
Nursery </font> , if you please </paren> you may make <font> marks
</font> of several <font> figures </font> or shapes , in the <font>
bark </font> of the <font> Stocks </font> ; which <font> marks </font>
enter into your Book , and what <font> kind </font> it denotes ,
(LANGF-E3-P2,55.113)

and at two or three years when you remove it , the mark will be very
visible ; (LANGF-E3-P2,55.114)

and by renewing the marks sometimes , you may continue it as long as
you please , (LANGF-E3-P2,55.115)

and if any Tree be stolen you may own it by the mark .
(LANGF-E3-P2,55.116)

<P_56>

<heading>

CHAP. VIII . (LANGF-E3-P2,56.119)

<font> Of Planting Wall-Fruit . (LANGF-E3-P2,56.120)

</heading>

Sect. </font> 1 . (LANGF-E3-P2,56.122)

<font> Stone-fruit </font> will be first ready to remove ,
(LANGF-E3-P2,56.123)

for after two years growth in the Seed-plot or Nursery , after they are
Inoculated , or Graffed , you may well remove them , be they for <font>
Wall </font> or <font> Dwarfs </font> , which you ought to do in <font>
October </font> or <font> November </font> ; early removing , being
advantageous for all <font> Fruit-Trees </font> , both for the security
of their growing , and for their well growing . (LANGF-E3-P2,56.124)

Young <font> Trees </font> , having been taken up about <font> November
</font> , and the ends of the roots cut off , and laid in the Earth
till <font> March </font> to be Planted , being then taken forth again
, it hath appeared that they have put out many fibrous roots , at the
ends of those big roots that were cut off ; which had they done in the
place they were to grow in the next Summer , this would have been a
good preparation against Spring ; (LANGF-E3-P2,56.125)

and $it $'s {TEXT:it's} always seen that Trees set in <font> February
</font> or <font> March </font> , make generally a much less growth the
next <P_57> year , than those that were set before Winter .
(LANGF-E3-P2,57.126)

If a dry Summer happen to succeed , it often kills some of the late set
Trees , (LANGF-E3-P2,57.127)

and puts such a stop to others , that they recover not of many years .
(LANGF-E3-P2,57.128)

In sharp Frosts , though you could dig , $it $'s {TEXT:it's} not good
to remove Trees . (LANGF-E3-P2,57.129)

Yet if you have a few small <font> Trees </font> near hand to remove ,
you may make advantage of a small <font> Frost </font> , by removing
them , in getting up the <font> Earth </font> whole about the roots of
the Tree , (LANGF-E3-P2,57.130)

and set it presently letting as little Earth <font> fall </font> from
them as may be , whereby the Tree may be scarcely sensible of <font>
removing </font> : (LANGF-E3-P2,57.131)

And at all times if you have not far to carry the <font> Trees </font>
to set them , knock not off the mold from the <font> roots </font> ,
(LANGF-E3-P2,57.132)

but preserve as much as you can about them . (LANGF-E3-P2,57.133)

<font> Sect. </font> 2 . (LANGF-E3-P2,57.134)

Make a Trench by the Wall-side you are to set them up to , about two
foot broad , and as deep , (LANGF-E3-P2,57.135)

and in every place where a Tree is to be set , about a yard square ,
mingle good <font> old rotten Neats-dung </font> , with the Earth ,
(LANGF-E3-P2,57.136)

and fill it up lightly , near as high as you intend the borders to be ,
(LANGF-E3-P2,57.137)

and tread it down ; So that it be not above half full in the places you
designed to set the trees , (LANGF-E3-P2,57.138)

as to the borders make them up when you please . (LANGF-E3-P2,57.139)

<P_58>

But if you design no borders , make then only a hole for each Tree , of
the square before mentioned : (LANGF-E3-P2,58.141)

And if your <font> Soil </font> be <font> wet </font> , or <font>
binding gravel </font> , or such like , very bad in the bottom , go not
so deep , (LANGF-E3-P2,58.142)

it will be better to set them shallow , and raise the Earth about them
. (LANGF-E3-P2,58.143)

I knew an excellent <font> Planter </font> , that in a blewish clay
ground , used at the bottom of the <font> hole </font> to set a broad
stone , to prevent the Roots of the <font> Trees </font> in runing
downward , (LANGF-E3-P2,58.144)

and certainly where the Land is spungy or bad in the bottom , you $can
$not {TEXT:cannot} set the Trees too shallow ; so that the Earth be
deep enough above them to prevent the Sun's burning them the Summer .
(LANGF-E3-P2,58.145)

As to the distance <font> Wall-fruit-trees </font> are to be set at ,
where they are apt to grow , you may learn that best by considering
their aptness to spread : (LANGF-E3-P2,58.146)

<font> Apricocks </font> and <font> Pears </font> spread most ,
(LANGF-E3-P2,58.147)

the <font> May Cherry </font> and some others are of very small growth
: (LANGF-E3-P2,58.148)

$it $'s {TEXT:it's} impossible to give rules for all ,
(LANGF-E3-P2,58.149)

but the general distance is about four yards asunder .
(LANGF-E3-P2,58.150)

<font> Sect. </font> 3 . (LANGF-E3-P2,58.151)

If it be not a manur'd Land you set them in , have in readiness some
very <font> fine rich Mold </font> , or <font> shovellings </font> of a
yard <P_59> where Cattle are frequently lodged or fed , that hath lain
on heaps till $it $'s {TEXT:it's} <font> mellow </font> , and become
dry , or <font> rotten Neats-dung </font> , which you may mix with the
Earth that came forth of the hole , (LANGF-E3-P2,59.152)

and so order it , that it may be as good or better , than that out of
which your Trees came : (LANGF-E3-P2,59.153)

Fill the hole half way up with this , (LANGF-E3-P2,59.154)

and tread it down in such form <paren> having respect to the <font>
roots </font> of the Tree that is set in it </paren> that the <font>
roots </font> may rest close upon it . (LANGF-E3-P2,59.155)

Cut off the ends of all the <font> roots </font> , (LANGF-E3-P2,59.156)

<paren> if it chance to have one long downright <font> root </font> ,
you may cut it almost half off , </paren> (LANGF-E3-P2,59.157)

try <paren> by setting the Tree in the hole </paren> which side will
stand best to the Wall , (LANGF-E3-P2,59.158)

and then cut off such branches as grow directly toward , and fromward
the Wall , leaving only the side branches , to be nail'd unto it ,
(LANGF-E3-P2,59.159)

then clap your Tree in , placing it as far from the Wall as the <font>
top </font> will allow , (LANGF-E3-P2,59.160)

that must be spread upon it , that the <font> roots </font> may have
the more liberty to spread backwards : (LANGF-E3-P2,59.161)

fill up the hole with the <font> mold </font> , (LANGF-E3-P2,59.162)

and use all diligence to place the <font> roots </font> of your Tree in
the same posture they were in before you removed it .
(LANGF-E3-P2,59.163)

If the Tree be young , and the <font> Roots </font> slender , this can
be performed no way but by throwing in a little soil at a time , <P_60>
and then raising up with your hands such <font> Roots </font> as are
pressed down by it below their proper situation , spreading them on the
soil you have cast in , and then throwing in more , and ordering the
Roots as before , so continuing to do till you have filled up the hole
. (LANGF-E3-P2,60.164)

Old Trees with sturdy Roots do not require so much curiosity ;
(LANGF-E3-P2,60.165)

but you must be sure that the mold lie close under , betwixt , and
among the Roots . (LANGF-E3-P2,60.166)

If the <font> Soil </font> be <font> light </font> , you must press it
down gently with your foot , (LANGF-E3-P2,60.167)

when you have finished placing the Earth about them , you may <paren>
if the Land be stiff , cold , wet , or barren </paren> cover the Earth
with Dung , round about the Tree , (LANGF-E3-P2,60.168)

but if the Land be good , or that you $can $not {TEXT:cannot} spare
Dung , then in the end of <font> February </font> following cover the
Earth with <font> Fearn </font> or <font> Straw </font> almost a foot
thick , (LANGF-E3-P2,60.169)

and this do then , rather than when you set the Tree that Earth may
have more benefit of the Frost and Wet in the Winter to temper it .
(LANGF-E3-P2,60.170)

And some in setting Trees esteem it best to put no Dung into the holes
, but the soil that came forth of it , both under and about the <font>
Roots </font> , placing the smallest and best mold next them , <P_61>
laying a good quantity of Dung on the top of the Earth about them .
(LANGF-E3-P2,61.171)

<font> Sect. </font> 4 . (LANGF-E3-P2,61.172)

Every year it will be necessary to <font> prune </font> and <font> nail
</font> them to the Wall , <font> twice </font> , or <font> thrice
</font> , according as they grow more or less ; wherein you must
observe , to bend down the strongest <font> shoots </font> <paren> that
would grow upward </paren> towards the sides , (LANGF-E3-P2,61.173)

otherwise they will be apt to run straight upward , and not cover the
space you design for them , (LANGF-E3-P2,61.174)

and by their luxurious growth , will extreamly rob the side branches of
their nourishment . (LANGF-E3-P2,61.175)

There will branches enow spring out fresh to run upwards out of them
when they are so bowed . (LANGF-E3-P2,61.176)

Lay none a-cross or under one another , (LANGF-E3-P2,61.177)

but let them spread as the fingers of your hand when it is expanded .
(LANGF-E3-P2,61.178)

Cut off such as grow directly outward close to the body ;
(LANGF-E3-P2,61.179)

if you cut a part of any branch off , do it at the bud , that the cut
may be covered with a fresh sprig . (LANGF-E3-P2,61.180)

The <font> Winter pruning </font> may be done as soon as the <font>
fruit </font> , and leaves are fallen , or any time before <font>
February </font> , except <font> Nectarines </font> , and <font>
Peaches </font> , which are apt to die , if prun'd before the Sap raise
. (LANGF-E3-P2,61.181)

Mr. <font> Rea </font> saith , the best time to Prune them , is after
they flower . (LANGF-E3-P2,61.182)

<P_62>

Shreads of Wollen Cloth are the best things to Nail them up with ;
(LANGF-E3-P2,62.184)

some use gentle Leather , or an old Hat , (LANGF-E3-P2,62.185)

any of these may serve turn . (LANGF-E3-P2,62.186)

<font> Sect. </font> 5 . (LANGF-E3-P2,62.187)

Sometime in the Winter , after <font> two </font> or <font> three
</font> years , if the <font> Soil </font> the <font> roots </font> are
to spread into , be not <font> rich </font> enough , open the ground at
the outside of the <font> holes </font> you made at setting , as near
round about , as the Wall will permit . (LANGF-E3-P2,62.188)

If you find no roots bare , let it lye open a month ,
(LANGF-E3-P2,62.189)

and then fill it up with the Earth that came forth , well mixt with
such a <font> manure </font> as suits with it . (LANGF-E3-P2,62.190)

<font> Sect. </font> 6 . (LANGF-E3-P2,62.191)

Where the natural <font> soil </font> is not good enough of it self ,
whether it be in <font> Garden , Orchard </font> , or <font> Field
</font> , there it ought to be by skill assisted , and better'd , at
least-wise for such a compass as the <font> roots </font> of every Tree
take up for some time , if not so far round as they are ever like to
extend themselves . (LANGF-E3-P2,62.192)

And this must be done by mixing such <font> Manures </font> with the
<font> Soil </font> , as suit best with its temper .
(LANGF-E3-P2,62.193)

If the <font> Soil </font> be <font> clay </font> , or <font> clay
</font> mixt with <font> gravel </font> , or <font> wet heavy Land ,
hot Dung </font> , as that of <font> Horses </font> , or <font> Poultry
</font> , is best to mix with it , to bring it to a due temperament .
(LANGF-E3-P2,62.194)

<P_63>

And if the <font> soil </font> be a <font> light , hollow , eskie
</font> , or <font> sandy land </font> , then <font> Marl , Mud </font>
out of a Pond or River , or <font> shovellings </font> of <font> dirty
yards </font> or <font> high-ways </font> , if they be not <font> sandy
</font> , and be well <font> mellowed </font> , by lying on heaps , and
especially if those heaps are mixed with Lime , are proper to mend it .
(LANGF-E3-P2,63.196)

If this last <font> soil </font> be <font> barren </font> likewise ,
you may properly add a mixture of <font> Neats-dung </font> .
(LANGF-E3-P2,63.197)

If your Land be too rich <paren> which is seldom seen </paren> you may
mix Gravel or cold clay with it . (LANGF-E3-P2,63.198)

I have seen an <font> Apple-tree </font> on a <font> Hemp-but </font> ,
which was constantly Plowed , and Manur'd to a great richness , bear
more <font> Apples </font> than four such Trees in an <font> Orchard
</font> would do . (LANGF-E3-P2,63.199)

And $it $'s {TEXT:it's} constantly seen in <font> barren hungry Land
</font> , Trees thrive poorly , grow <font> Mossey </font> , or <font>
Bark-bound </font> , bearing very little , and that a very poor <font>
Fruit </font> . (LANGF-E3-P2,63.200)

Only <font> Wallnut-trees </font> and <font> Pear-trees </font> , do
not necessarily require a very <font> rich ground </font> ,
(LANGF-E3-P2,63.201)

and will prosper best on stony and light Land . (LANGF-E3-P2,63.202)

<font> Sect. </font> 7 . (LANGF-E3-P2,63.203)

When your <font> Wall-trees </font> are grown old , and full of big
Wood , you may in three or four years time renew them , by cutting out
some of the biggest <font> stems </font> , or <font> boughs </font> ,
yearly ; cutting <P_64> each branch off at some small twig , <paren> if
it may be </paren> that either it , or a fresh branch $may {TEXT:my}
grow over the cut place ; which must be kept covered with Clay ;
(LANGF-E3-P2,64.204)

and so go on yearly , till all the big wood is cut out .
(LANGF-E3-P2,64.205)

Or if you dislike the kind of <font> Fruit </font> , you may <font>
Inoculate </font> , or <font> Graff </font> the boughs with a better
sort of <font> Fruit </font> , but not all in one year , but some one ,
and some another . (LANGF-E3-P2,64.206)

By either of these ways , you may renew a decaying Tree , and keep your
<font> Wall </font> almost still furnished , with less trouble and
charge , or loss of time than by taking up the old one , and <font>
planting </font> a young one in its stead . (LANGF-E3-P2,64.207)

If the <font> Tree </font> be so old , that you resolve to take it up ,
and plant another in its place , if you have none ready , nor are
willing to buy , the speediest way to be supplyed , you may find
directed in Chapter the first , Section the Ninth .
(LANGF-E3-P2,64.208)

<font> Sect. </font> 8 . (LANGF-E3-P2,64.209)

IN furnishing your <font> Walls </font> with <font> Fruit-trees </font>
, observe always to Plant <font> Peaches </font> and <font> Nectarines
</font> up to the <font> Wall </font> that is most <font> South-ward
</font> ; (LANGF-E3-P2,64.210)

the <font> East-Wall </font> is to be allotted to <font> Apricocks
</font> , early <font> Cherries </font> , and the choicest <font> Plums
</font> ; (LANGF-E3-P2,64.211)

the <font> West </font> may be set with <font> Pears , Cherries </font>
, and <font> Plums </font> . (LANGF-E3-P2,64.212)

<P_65>

Some of the coursest <font> Pears </font> and <font> Plums </font> ,
you may set to the <font> North-Wall </font> , both to cover the <font>
Wall </font> handsomely , (LANGF-E3-P2,65.214)

and many years they will bear as well on it , as on <font> standards
</font> ; especially if your <font> wall </font> stand not directly
<font> North </font> , but so as to have some considerable benefit of
the Sun ; (LANGF-E3-P2,65.215)

<font> Nut-trees </font> likewise are proper for this <font> wall
</font> , (LANGF-E3-P2,65.216)

and will prosper well up to it . (LANGF-E3-P2,65.217)

For those Autumnal and winter <font> Pears </font> , that ripen late ,
the most <font> South </font> and highest wall , doth improve them ,
(LANGF-E3-P2,65.218)

and they deserve it , (LANGF-E3-P2,65.219)

neither will some come to maturity in our Climate <paren> some years
</paren> without such a wall . (LANGF-E3-P2,65.220)

I would willingly bestow the best place I had upon one <font>
Winter-Boncreisten </font> , two <font> Buryes </font> or <font> Butter
Pears </font> , two <font> Virgulees </font> , and two <font>
Chasseryes </font> , a St. <font> Germans </font> , St. <font> Michael
</font> , the <font> Crasson </font> , the <font> Bon-Gerson </font> .
(LANGF-E3-P2,65.221)

If your conveniencies will allow it , and you are to build a new <font>
Wall </font> , it is much better to have your <font> Garden walls
</font> not to stand directly towards the <font> four points </font> ,
than otherwise , (LANGF-E3-P2,65.222)

and then the worst wall will be much better , and the best good enough
for your purpose . (LANGF-E3-P2,65.223)

<P_66>

As thus , the <font> East-wall </font> , to incline to the <font> South
</font> ; the <font> South </font> , to the <font> West </font> ; the
<font> west </font> , to the <font> North </font> ; the <font> North
</font> to the <font> East </font> ; (LANGF-E3-P2,66.225)

or contrary , but not so well . (LANGF-E3-P2,66.226)

In the first way the two first walls will be extraordinary good , and
the two latter good enough for ordinary <font> Fruit </font> .
(LANGF-E3-P2,66.227)

<font> Sect. </font> 9 . (LANGF-E3-P2,66.228)

In building a new Wall , it would be very advantageous , to make it
with half rounds , each semi-circle being eight yards round in the
inside , and about six yards in the face or diameter , each taking two
Trees ; (LANGF-E3-P2,66.229)

and betwixt every half round , let there be two foot breadth of plain
walling , where you may place a <font> Flower-pot </font> on a <font>
pillar two foot </font> high , or Plant a <font> Vine </font> to run up
it , which every Summer , you may let spread it self a little into the
<font> half rounds </font> on each side it . (LANGF-E3-P2,66.230)

I know an honourable Gentleman , in somewhat a cold Country , that hath
his Garden walls so made , (LANGF-E3-P2,66.231)

and his Trees bear Fruit plentifully in such years as his neighbours
generally fail . (LANGF-E3-P2,66.232)

I also saw a <font> wall </font> made thus for raising <font> Melons
</font> under , by a pattern or directions from <font> Italy </font> .
(LANGF-E3-P2,66.233)

<P_67>

I have also seen <font> Grapes </font> ripen delicately on every side
the <font> cluster </font> , that grew in a <font> half round </font> .
(LANGF-E3-P2,67.235)

By means of these <font> rounds </font> , every <font> wall </font>
will one time of the day or other , have a share of the Sun ,
(LANGF-E3-P2,67.236)

and the best <font> walls </font> <paren> by reason of such a
reflection , and collection of the Sun-beams as will be in every <font>
round </font> </paren> will be exceeding hot , (LANGF-E3-P2,67.237)

and the <font> Trees </font> be more secure from winds .
(LANGF-E3-P2,67.238)

Having said thus much here of the <font> Wall </font> that <font> Fruit
trees </font> are to be set up to , thus much more may not improperly
be here added . That a <font> Pale </font> is as good for this purpose
, and in respect of ripening <font> Fruit </font> better than any thing
else it can be raised up to , if the <font> Pale </font> be made of
sawed boards , nine or ten foot high , and exactly joined , that no
wind may come through : (LANGF-E3-P2,67.239)

Next to this in goodness is a <font> Brick-wall </font> , and then a
<font> Stone-wall </font> , and the worst of all that which is made of
<font> Timber </font> and <font> Mortar </font> ; (LANGF-E3-P2,67.240)

but in this every one $can $not {TEXT:cannot} be his own chooser ,
(LANGF-E3-P2,67.241)

but must comply with what the <font> Country </font> he lives in will
permit him to do for his best convenience . (LANGF-E3-P2,67.242)

When you <font> plant </font> your <font> Garden </font> with <font>
Fruit trees </font> , you may do well to draw <P_68> the <font>
Platform </font> of it in Paper , and so set down the name of every
Tree , according to the place it stands in , whether in <font>
Wall-fruit </font> or <font> Dwarf-trees </font> , (LANGF-E3-P2,68.243)

the same course you may use about your <font> Orchard </font> ,
(LANGF-E3-P2,68.244)

and you will find it both satisfactory and useful , that you may
readily at any season of the year , know what kind of <font> Fruit
</font> every Tree beareth : (LANGF-E3-P2,68.245)

The <font> Fruit </font> planted in <font> Fields </font> , not being
of so much variety , may be easily distinguished without this help .
(LANGF-E3-P2,68.246)

<heading>

CHAP. XI . (LANGF-E3-P2,68.248)

<font> Concerning Dwarf-Trees . (LANGF-E3-P2,68.249)

</heading>

Sect. </font> 1 . (LANGF-E3-P2,68.251)

These <font> Trees </font> have been of late much affected and coveted
, because they are of special advantage for Table-fruit , <paren>
whether <font> Pears , Apples , Plums </font> <paren> {COM:sic} or
<font> Cherries </font> </paren> being but of low Stature ,
(LANGF-E3-P2,68.252)

and may be <font> planted </font> in the <font> borders </font> of
<font> Garden-walks </font> , without doing any thing else there about
them any prejudice , by overshadowing them ; (LANGF-E3-P2,68.253)

and their <font> fruit </font> will be as well secured , and <P_69>
commodious for gathering as the <font> Wall-fruit </font> .
(LANGF-E3-P2,69.254)

<font> Sect. </font> 2 . (LANGF-E3-P2,69.255)

<font> Plants </font> for this purpose must be provided , and prepared
somewhat differently from those for <font> Orchards </font> , or <font>
Fields </font> . (LANGF-E3-P2,69.256)

The <font> Quince-tree </font> is generally used , and best for <font>
Stocks for <font> Pears </font> , both for <font> Dwarfs </font> and
<font> Wall </font> ; as well because it may possibly somewhat
meliorate the <font> Pear </font> as <paren> and that chiefly </paren>
because it groweth not to that bigness , as on a <font> Pear-stock
</font> it would be apt to do . (LANGF-E3-P2,69.257)

<font> Sect. </font> 3 . (LANGF-E3-P2,69.258)

For <font> Dwarf-Apple-trees </font> the best <font> Stocks </font> are
such as are raised of the <font> cuttings </font> of other <font>
Apple-trees </font> , as of the <font> Gennet-moil </font> , the <font>
Kentish-Codling </font> and others . (LANGF-E3-P2,69.259)

That these are more proper for <font> Dwarf-trees </font> , than <font>
Crab-stocks </font> , appears ; 1. Because the <font> Fruit </font>
will be rather better'd , and not tainted with any asperity , or
roughnesse , as possibly it might be , if <font> Crab tree-stocks
</font> were made use of ; (LANGF-E3-P2,69.260)

and one chief design in these <font> Trees </font> is to have choice
and delicious Fruit for eating . (LANGF-E3-P2,69.261)

2 . (LANGF-E3-P2,69.262)

<font> Apple-trees </font> that are raised on such <font> Stocks
</font> , will not grow so big as those on <font> Crab-stocks </font> ,
(LANGF-E3-P2,69.263)

but are with ease and certainty kept <font> Dwarfs </font> .
(LANGF-E3-P2,69.264)

Mr. <font> Rea </font> judging <P_70> the <font> Paradise-Apple </font>
of somewhat slow growth in bringing forward a <font> Scion </font> ,
advises to <font> graff </font> a <font> Paradise </font> on a <font>
Crab-stock </font> , and the <font> Fruit </font> you would have , on
that <font> Paradise </font> , that the <font> Crab </font> might yield
plenty of <font> juice </font> or <font> sap </font> to the <font>
Paradise </font> , and the <font> Paradise </font> retard the growth of
the <font> Apple planted </font> on it , so as to keep it a <font>
Dwarf </font> ; (LANGF-E3-P2,70.265)

but besides loss of time , I doubt the success of this , because the
<font> Crab </font> will put forth strong Root ; and yield plenty of
nourishment : (LANGF-E3-P2,70.266)

For why <font> Apple-trees </font> raised by <font> cuttings </font>
grow not to be very large Trees , I take to be , their putting forth
such small <font> Roots </font> , by which means the Tree hath <font>
sap </font> conveyed to it accordingly . (LANGF-E3-P2,70.267)

3 . (LANGF-E3-P2,70.268)

By using these <font> cuttings </font> for <font> Stocks </font> , you
shall get at least four years time , reckoning from sowing the <font>
Crab-kernel </font> , and the setting the <font> Stem </font> or <font>
Cutting </font> , being duly ordered ; As , 1. By setting the <font>
Stem </font> in the place you intend the <font> Dwarf-tree </font> shal
grow . 2. And setting it in good Earth , (LANGF-E3-P2,70.269)

for then after one years growth you may <font> Graff </font> it ,
(LANGF-E3-P2,70.270)

and you will easily discern the advantage in point of time .
(LANGF-E3-P2,70.271)

<P_71>

If it be said <font> Crab-stocks </font> ready grown may be made use of
instead of <font> cuttings </font> ; $there $'s {TEXT:there's} this
Answer ready , They must grow <font> two </font> if not <font> three
</font> years after they are set before they are fit to <font> graff
</font> , and in respect of their large growth will not be fit for
<font> Dwarfs </font> . (LANGF-E3-P2,71.273)

Some <font> Nursery Men </font> have made advantage to themselves by
this speedy way of raising Trees by <font> Cuttings </font> ,
(LANGF-E3-P2,71.274)

but to the disadvantage of them they put them off for <font> planting
</font> in <font> Orchards </font> , because they are never like to
make large , or long lasting Trees . (LANGF-E3-P2,71.275)

<font> Sect. </font> 4 . (LANGF-E3-P2,71.276)

The way then to provide these <font> Stocks </font> is thus :
(LANGF-E3-P2,71.277)

In <font> October </font> from such <font> Trees </font> whose <font>
cuttings </font> will grow , take such <font> stems </font> , or <font>
branches </font> that grow straightest , and which <paren> in the place
where they shall be <font> graffed </font> </paren> are an <font> inch
</font> or more thick , (LANGF-E3-P2,71.278)

if they be near <font> two inches </font> $it $'s {TEXT:it's} so much
the better ; (LANGF-E3-P2,71.279)

cut them off , if you can , a hands breadth below such <font> knots
</font> or <font> burrs </font> as are on them , (LANGF-E3-P2,71.280)

for at those <font> burs </font> they principally put forth their
<font> Roots </font> </paren> {COM:no_matching_open_paren}
(LANGF-E3-P2,71.281)

and cut off the top , that they be not above a yard long ,
(LANGF-E3-P2,71.282)

if you $can $not {TEXT:cannot} get them so long of <font> Quinces
</font> </paren> {COM:no_matching_open_paren} you must be content with
shorter , (LANGF-E3-P2,71.283)

<paren> if they be <font> two foot </font> it may do <P_72> reasonably
well {COM:no_matching_close_paren} : (LANGF-E3-P2,72.284)

Cut off also all side <font> branches </font> close to the body ,
except one small twigg near the top , for the Sap to vent it self at ,
(LANGF-E3-P2,72.285)

set these presently in <font> beds </font> as your <font> Seed-plants
</font> were , (LANGF-E3-P2,72.286)

or rather if your <font> Garden </font> be laid out <paren> that you
can know the places they shall stand in </paren> set them there .
(LANGF-E3-P2,72.287)

You need not fear setting these as deep , as the length will bear , so
that there be about a <font> foot </font> above ground , because they
will shoot out <font> roots </font> all along , almost to the top of
the ground , and to spread their <font> roots </font> in the good Soil
; (LANGF-E3-P2,72.288)

and by setting them something deep they are in less danger of dying ,
(LANGF-E3-P2,72.289)

and this prevents the trouble of covering the ground about them with
<font> Fearn </font> or <font> Straw </font> ; (LANGF-E3-P2,72.290)

and by this means likewise they will stand the firmer in the loose
<font> Garden-land </font> , for <font> graffing </font> at a years end
, and better support a <font> spreading top </font> afterwards .
(LANGF-E3-P2,72.291)

<font> Sect. </font> 5 . (LANGF-E3-P2,72.292)

But because $it $'s {TEXT:it's} hard to meet with great plenty of such
<font> branches </font> , thus to be cut , and set for <font> stocks
</font> , that have <font> burrs </font> or <font> knots </font> upon
them ; <font> Planters </font> have therefore found out a way <paren>
which is called <font> Circumposition </font> </paren> to bring these
<font> knots </font> or <font> burrs </font> upon <font> Branches
</font> , that had them not before , and to mend and improve those that
before had them , (LANGF-E3-P2,72.293)

and the way of it is as followeth . (LANGF-E3-P2,72.294)

<P_73>

About the beginning of <font> February </font> next before you design
to cut these <font> stems </font> , directly above the place you intend
to cut them off at , for about a <font> foot </font> in length , fasten
about them some Earth in an <font> old Hat </font> , or <font> Boot
</font> , or <font> Bag </font> , made of some strong Cloth :
(LANGF-E3-P2,73.296)

And in that Earth they will have put forth Roots against the <font>
October </font> following , when you are to cut them off to set them .
(LANGF-E3-P2,73.297)

Or <paren> which is a quicker and readier way </paren> you may dawb
some <font> wet Earth </font> or <font> Clay </font> about the place ,
and wrap a <font> Hay-band </font> about it , putting some moist Earth
likewise betwixt the <font> rounds </font> of the band , and then
running it about again over the spaces betwixt those first <font>
rounds </font> of the <font> Hay-band </font> and making fast the ends
of it . (LANGF-E3-P2,73.298)

If the <font> stem </font> have no <font> burr </font> before you go
either of these ways to work , (LANGF-E3-P2,73.299)

then first take off here and there a little <font> slice </font> of
<font> Bark </font> about an <font> inch </font> long round about it
near the middle of the place to be covered as hath been directed .
(LANGF-E3-P2,73.300)

Some direct , That before this application of the Earth , about an
<font> inch </font> breadth of the <font> Bark </font> be taken off ,
round about the part of the <font> branch </font> , that is to be
surrounded with the Earth , that <font> roots </font> may shoot out in
greater quantity , by coming <P_74> out in the upper <font> skirts
</font> of that <font> circle </font> , as well as in the lower ;
(LANGF-E3-P2,74.301)

but this is but a Crotchet , and grounded <paren> as my Lord <font>
Bacon </font> hath truly observed </paren> upon the opinion of the
<font> Descension </font> of the <font> Sap </font> ; whereas indeed
there is no such thing , (LANGF-E3-P2,74.302)

for the whole mass of <font> Sap </font> is always ascending ; in
lesser quantity in the Winter , because the Tree is then only to be
nourished , and kept alive , to which end a small supply is sufficient
, and yet necessary ; and in greater plenty than {COM:sic} the Summer ,
to furnish the Tree with leaves , fruit , and new yearly growth .
(LANGF-E3-P2,74.303)

And the true reason why the <font> leaves </font> and <font> fruit
</font> fall off towards Winter is , not because the <font> sap </font>
returns downward from them , but because they have arrived to their
full ripeness , and the Tree fails by degrees , to convey up so much
Sap as it did in the Summer to them , to produce fresh ones ;
(LANGF-E3-P2,74.304)

and therefore consequently $that $'s {TEXT:that's} an idle mistake too
, to think that the <font> sap </font> or <font> juice </font> in the
Winter , is laid up in the Roots as a <font> repository </font> , as
appears plainly , inasmuch as they are ever found dryer in the Winter
than in the Summer . So that upon the whole , this taking the <font>
Bark </font> off round the <font> branch </font> , is good for nothing
, but to endanger it , by intercepting <P_75> the <font> juice </font>
or <font> sap </font> , which rises in greatest quantity betwixt the
<font> bark </font> and the <font> wood </font> ; (LANGF-E3-P2,75.305)

but if , as before was hinted , you take some little <font> slices
</font> of the <font> bark </font> off round the <font> branch </font>
, here and there , leaving the Bark intire in some places , this may ,
by checking the Sap , cause it the more abundantly to pass into <font>
Roots </font> . (LANGF-E3-P2,75.306)

But to proceed to the business in hand , you have seen the way of
preparing <font> cuttings </font> by <font> circumposition </font> ,
(LANGF-E3-P2,75.307)

and though some will pretend to raise Trees of any kind by the use of
it , yet $it $'s {TEXT:it's} certain it avails not , but only in such
as by a peculiar property are apt to put forth <font> Roots </font> ,
being cut off and set into the ground ; (LANGF-E3-P2,75.308)

and , those generally known , and made use of this way , are the <font>
Kentish-Codling </font> , the <font> Gennet-moil </font> , some sorts
of <font> Sweet-Apples </font> , and <font> Bitter-sweets </font> , the
<font> Quince-tree </font> , the <font> Mulberry-tree </font> , and the
<font> Paradise-Apple-tree </font> ; which last is much commended by
the skilful Mr. <font> Rea </font> , for to raise <font> Stocks </font>
for <font> Dwarf-Apple-trees </font> . (LANGF-E3-P2,75.309)

<font> Sect. </font> 6 . (LANGF-E3-P2,75.310)

Another way to raise <font> Stocks </font> for <font> Dwarf trees
</font> , is to cut down some one Tree of little worth , of such a kind
as you want <font> Stocks </font> of about a <font> foot </font> , or
more from the ground : (LANGF-E3-P2,75.311)

This will make some kind of Trees very apt to cast forth <P_76> very
good <font> Suckers </font> from the old <font> Roots </font> ;
(LANGF-E3-P2,76.312)

such as are two years growth may be <font> transplanted </font> , or
<font> inoculated </font> where they stand before removal ;
(LANGF-E3-P2,76.313)

and the Stump above ground , will also put forth abundance of young
Shoots . (LANGF-E3-P2,76.314)

After these young <font> shoots </font> have grown out of the stump one
year , cast <font> Mold </font> , or <font> Earth </font> about them ,
a good height ; so that you cover not the <font> tops </font> of any of
them ; where let them grow two years more , (LANGF-E3-P2,76.315)

and they will be well rooted , (LANGF-E3-P2,76.316)

then cut them off from the old <font> Stock </font> , <paren> which
after that may yield fresh ones again </paren> (LANGF-E3-P2,76.317)

and set the <font> shoots </font> you take off as before hath been
directed about Cuttings . (LANGF-E3-P2,76.318)

These will be about three years longer before they be ready to <font>
graff </font> than <font> Cuttings </font> , (LANGF-E3-P2,76.319)

but will be very good young fresh <font> Stocks </font> ,
(LANGF-E3-P2,76.320)

and is a good way to raise <font> Stocks </font> of the <font>
Quince-tree </font> for <font> Pears </font> ; because <font>
Quince-trees </font> generally grow so crooked and irregular , that $it
$'s {TEXT:it's} difficult to procure any considerable quantity of them
by <font> Cuttings </font> . (LANGF-E3-P2,76.321)

You may gain time in raising <font> Trees </font> this way if you
inoculate these young <font> suckers </font> or <font> shoots </font>
where they stand , as soon as they are big enough , and let them
continue <P_77> there to make one years growth ; by which time they
will be well rooted , and ready to remove . (LANGF-E3-P2,77.322)

If they shoot up tall after they are molded , you had best top them at
a convenient height , (LANGF-E3-P2,77.323)

it will make them grow the more in bigness , and so be sooner fit to
<font> graff </font> . (LANGF-E3-P2,77.324)

But if you have a desire to have any of the same kind as the old Tree
was , you need not top them . (LANGF-E3-P2,77.325)

And by this means if you want <font> Quince-trees , Codlings </font> ,
&c. you may be furnished with plenty , that will make better and
handsomer Trees than if you raise them by <font> Cuttings </font> .
(LANGF-E3-P2,77.326)

