H01 2 ^ questions_NNS about_IN marriage_NN and_CC children_NNS were_BED H01 2 again_RB included_VBN ,_, as_CS H01 3 they_PP3AS had_HVD been_BEN at_IN the_ATI 1911_CD and_CC 1951_CD H01 3 censuses_NNS ._. ^ the_ATI former_AP had_HVD asked_VBN for_IN H01 4 marriage_NN details_NNS for_IN all_ABN married_JJ women_NNS ,_, the_ATI H01 4 latter_AP for_IN all_ABN married_JJ H01 5 women_NNS under_IN the_ATI age_NN of_IN 50_CD ._. ^ the_ATI 1961_CD H01 5 census_NN questions_NNS related_VBD to_IN all_ABN H01 6 women_NNS who_WPR were_BED or_CC had_HVD been_BEN married_VBN ,_, H01 6 and_CC so_RB repeated_VBD the_ATI enquiry_NN made_VBN H01 7 fifteen_CD years_NNS earlier_RBR by_IN the_ATI 1946_CD family_NN H01 7 census_NN conducted_VBN on_IN behalf_NN of_IN H01 8 the_ATI royal_JJ commission_NN on_IN population_NN ._. ^ the_ATI H01 8 questions_NNS about_IN children_NNS were_BED H01 9 the_ATI same_AP as_CS in_IN 1951_CD ,_, except_CS that_CS" they_PP3AS H01 9 extended_VBD to_IN all_ABN women_NNS who_WPR were_BED H01 10 or_CC had_HVD been_BEN married_VBN ._. ^ it_PP3 was_BEDZ not_XNOT H01 10 regarded_VBN as_CS practicable_JJ within_IN the_ATI H01 11 limits_NNS of_IN the_ATI census_NN to_TO include_VB particulars_NNS H01 11 about_IN the_ATI date_NN of_IN birth_NN of_IN H01 12 each_DT child_NN ,_, as_CS had_HVD been_BEN done_VBN in_IN the_ATI H01 12 specialised_JJ enquiry_NN for_IN the_ATI royal_JJ H01 13 commission_NN ._. ^ the_ATI innovation_NN at_IN the_ATI 1961_CD H01 13 census_NN ,_, though_CS the_ATI family_NN H01 14 census_NN had_HVD previously_RB included_VBN the_ATI question_NN ,_, H01 14 was_BEDZ the_ATI date_NN of_IN H01 15 termination_NN of_IN the_ATI first_OD or_CC only_AP marriage_NN ._. ^ H01 15 this_DT enables_VBZ statistical_JJ H01 16 use_NN to_TO be_BE made_VBN of_IN their_PP$ experience_NN as_IN H01 16 regards_IN" duration_NN of_IN marriage_NN and_CC H01 17 number_NN of_IN children_NNS in_IN the_ATI case_NN of_IN women_NNS H01 17 whose_WP$R first_OD or_CC only_AP marriage_NN H01 18 was_BEDZ terminated_VBN by_IN widowhood_NN or_CC divorce_NN after_IN H01 18 the_ATI end_NN of_IN their_PP$ child_NN H01 19 bearing_NN life_NN ._. ^ this_DT is_BEZ particularly_RB important_JJ H01 19 in_IN estimating_VBG the_ATI trends_NNS H01 20 in_IN the_ATI size_NN and_CC pattern_NN of_IN families_NNS for_IN H01 20 successive_JJ generations_NNS over_IN as_QL H01 21 long_JJ a_AT period_NN as_CS possible_JJ ,_, as_CS the_ATI H01 21 proportion_NN of_IN widows_NNS predominates_VBZ in_IN H01 22 the_ATI higher_JJR age_NN groups_NNS ._. H01 23 ^ in_IN Wales_NP and_CC Monmouthshire_NP the_ATI question_NN on_IN H01 23 the_ATI ability_NN to_TO speak_VB H01 24 Welsh_NNP was_BEDZ included_VBN as_CS previously_RB ._. ^ the_ATI H01 24 question_NN was_BEDZ first_RB asked_VBN in_IN H01 25 1891_CD ,_, and_CC was_BEDZ given_VBN its_PP$ present_JJ form_NN in_IN H01 25 1931_CD ._. H01 26 ^ each_DT census_NN since_IN the_ATI first_OD in_IN 1801_CD has_HVZ H01 26 included_VBN questions_NNS about_IN H01 27 housing_NN and_CC households_NNS ._. ^ in_IN 1961_CD the_ATI scope_NN H01 27 of_IN the_ATI question_NN was_BEDZ wider_JJR H01 28 than_CS before_RI ,_, because_IN of_IN" the_ATI great_JJ use_NN of_IN H01 28 the_ATI data_NNS to_IN the_ATI ministry_NN of_IN H01 29 housing_NN and_CC local_JJ government_NN and_CC to_IN local_JJ H01 29 authorities_NNS ._. ^ as_CS before_RI ,_, the_ATI H01 30 record_NN made_VBN during_IN the_ATI enumeration_NN lists_VBZ all_ABN H01 30 buildings_NNS ,_, residential_JJ H01 31 premises_NNS and_CC temporary_JJ places_NNS of_IN abode_NN ,_, and_CC H01 31 all_ABN households_NNS occupying_VBG H01 32 them_PP3OS ,_, as_CS the_ATI basis_NN of_IN the_ATI enumeration_NN H01 32 is_BEZ the_ATI household_NN schedule_NN ._. ^ the_ATI H01 33 number_NN of_IN structurally_RB separate_JJ dwellings_NNS (_( that_DT H01 33 is_BEZ ,_, houses_NNS or_CC flats_NNS or_CC H01 34 other_AP quarters_NNS built_VBN or_CC adapted_VBN for_IN separate_JJ H01 34 occupation_NN and_CC forming_VBG a_AT H01 35 private_JJ and_CC structurally_RB separate_JJ unit_NN )_) was_BEDZ H01 35 obtained_VBN as_CS previously_RB ,_, H01 36 together_RB with_IN the_ATI number_NN of_IN households_NNS with_IN H01 36 sole_JJB occupation_NN or_CC sharing_VBG H01 37 such_ABL dwellings_NNS ,_, and_CC the_ATI number_NN of_IN living_NN H01 37 rooms_NNS occupied_VBN by_IN each_DT H01 38 household_NN ._. ^ in_IN 1961_CD the_ATI enumerators_NNS were_BED H01 38 asked_VBN to_TO note_VB whether_CS the_ATI H01 39 building_NN was_BEDZ wholly_RB or_CC partly_RB residential_JJ ,_, H01 39 and_CC whether_CS it_PP3 contained_VBD H01 40 one_CD1 or_CC more_AP dwellings_NNS ._. H01 41 ^ in_IN 1951_CD questions_NNS had_HVD been_BEN included_VBN to_TO H01 41 throw_VB light_NN on_IN housing_NN H01 42 conditions_NNS ._. ^ in_IN 1961_CD the_ATI questions_NNS about_IN H01 42 piped_JJ water_NN supply_NN ,_, water_NN H01 43 closet_NN and_CC fixed_JJ bath_NN were_BED repeated_VBN as_CS before_RI H01 43 ,_, with_IN the_ATI addition_NN of_IN a_AT H01 44 new_JJ question_NN about_IN hot_JJ water_NN supply_NN ;_; the_ATI H01 44 1951_CD questions_NNS about_IN cooking_NN H01 45 stove_NN or_CC range_NN and_CC kitchen_NN sink_NN were_BED H01 45 restricted_VBN to_IN households_NNS sharing_VBG H01 46 dwellings_NNS ._. H01 47 ^ a_AT new_JJ question_NN asked_VBD about_IN housing_NN tenure_NN H01 47 ,_, whether_CS the_ATI H01 48 accommodation_NN occupied_VBN by_IN each_DT household_NN was_BEDZ H01 48 held_VBN by_IN them_PP3OS as_IN H01 49 owner-occupiers_NNS ;_; occupied_VBN in_IN connection_NN with_IN H01 49 employment_NN or_CC as_IN part_NN of_IN H01 50 business_NN premises_NNS ;_; rented_VBN from_IN a_AT council_NN (_( H01 50 or_CC new_JJ town_NN corporation_NN )_) or_CC H01 51 a_AT private_JJ landlord_NN (_( if_CS so_PN ,_, whether_CS H01 51 furnished_VBN or_CC unfurnished_JJ )_) ;_; or_CC H01 52 occupied_VBN on_IN some_DTI other_AP terms_NNS ._. H01 53 ^ the_ATI analysis_NN of_IN private_JJ households_NNS by_IN size_NN H01 53 and_CC various_JJ H01 54 characteristics_NNS of_IN their_PP$ members_NNS has_HVZ become_VBN H01 54 increasingly_RB important_JJ ._. H01 55 ^ previously_RB ,_, while_CS visitors_NNS were_BED left_VBN out_RP H01 55 of_IN this_DT analysis_NN it_PP3 was_BEDZ not_XNOT H01 56 considered_VBN sufficiently_RB important_JJ to_TO attempt_VB the_ATI H01 56 task_NN of_IN bringing_VBG in_RP H01 57 the_ATI members_NNS away_RP from_IN home_NR on_IN census_NN night_NN H01 57 ,_, which_WDTR would_MD be_BE very_QL H01 58 laborious_JJ in_IN the_ATI absence_NN of_IN information_NN given_VBN H01 58 at_IN their_PP$ place_NN of_IN usual_JJ H01 59 residence_NN ._. ^ but_CC the_ATI need_NN for_IN a_AT more_QL H01 59 accurate_JJ distribution_NN of_IN H01 60 households_NNS by_IN size_NN as_CS usually_RB constituted_VBN had_HVD H01 60 become_VBN more_QL important_JJ by_IN H01 61 1961_CD ,_, and_CC accordingly_RB a_AT new_JJ question_NN was_BEDZ H01 61 introduced_VBN ,_, for_IN private_JJ H01 62 households_NNS only_RB ,_, asking_VBG for_IN particulars_NNS of_IN H01 62 persons_NNS usually_RB living_VBG in_IN H01 63 the_ATI household_NN who_WPR were_BED absent_JJ on_IN census_NN H01 63 night_NN ._. ^ the_ATI information_NN H01 64 collected_VBN under_IN this_DT head_NN will_MD not_XNOT affect_VB H01 64 the_ATI main_JJB count_NN of_IN population_NN H01 65 numbers_NNS ,_, but_CC will_MD be_BE used_VBN solely_RB in_IN the_ATI H01 65 analysis_NN of_IN households_NNS by_IN size_NN H01 66 and_CC other_AP characteristics_NNS ._. H01 67 ^ sample_NN ._. *-_*- ^ at_IN an_AT early_JJ stage_NN of_IN the_ATI H01 67 census_NN preparations_NNS H01 68 consideration_NN was_BEDZ given_VBN to_IN possibilities_NNS of_IN H01 68 reducing_VBG the_ATI amount_NN of_IN H01 69 clerical_JJ work_NN before_CS the_ATI census_NN results_NNS could_MD H01 69 be_BE mechanically_RB H01 70 processed_VBN ,_, and_CC the_ATI various_JJ topics_NNS for_IN H01 70 inclusion_NN were_BED examined_VBN to_TO see_VB H01 71 whether_CS full_JJ analysis_NN was_BEDZ required_VBN ,_, as_CS H01 71 previously_RB ,_, or_CC whether_CS sample_NN H01 72 analysis_NN would_MD serve_VB their_PP$ main_JJB purpose_NN ._. ^ H01 72 it_PP3 appeared_VBD that_CS a_AT 10_CD per_NNU H01 73 cent_NNU" sample_NN analysis_NN would_MD give_VB adequate_JJ H01 73 results_NNS for_IN many_AP subjects_NNS ,_, H01 74 notably_RB the_ATI analysis_NN of_IN the_ATI working_JJ population_NN H01 74 ._. ^ the_ATI sampling_NN fraction_NN H01 75 chosen_VBN ,_, 10_CD per_NNU cent_NNU" ,_, was_BEDZ selected_VBN H01 75 partly_RB on_IN grounds_NNS of_IN convenience_NN but_CC H01 76 mostly_RB on_IN an_AT assessment_NN of_IN the_ATI likely_JJ H01 76 reliability_NN of_IN figures_NNS in_IN the_ATI H01 77 projected_JJ tabulations_NNS ,_, and_CC of_IN the_ATI margins_NNS H01 77 that_WPR might_MD be_BE tolerated_VBN ._. H01 78 ^ the_ATI use_NN of_IN sampling_NN in_IN this_DT field_NN reduces_VBZ H01 78 the_ATI total_JJ numbers_NNS of_IN staff_NN H01 79 required_VBN in_IN the_ATI census_NN office_NN as_IN well_IN" as_IN" H01 79 speeding_VBG up_RP the_ATI production_NN of_IN H01 80 the_ATI census_NN results_NNS ._. H01 81 ^ the_ATI sampling_NN method_NN was_BEDZ introduced_VBN at_IN H01 81 the_ATI enumeration_NN stage_NN and_CC H01 82 the_ATI effect_NN of_IN this_DT was_BEDZ to_TO reduce_VB the_ATI H01 82 number_NN of_IN questions_NNS for_IN nine_CD H01 83 tenths_NNS of_IN the_ATI people_NNS ._. ^ nine_CD out_RP of_IN ten_CD H01 83 private_JJ householders_NNS received_VBD a_AT H01 84 form_NN with_IN fewer_AP questions_NNS than_CS previously_RB this_DT H01 84 century_NN ._. ^ the_ATI tenth_OD H01 85 received_VBD a_AT form_NN not_XNOT much_RB larger_JJR in_IN content_NN H01 85 than_IN the_ATI 1951_CD H01 86 questionnaire_NN ._. ^ in_IN other_AP establishments_NNS ,_, (_( H01 86 hotels_NNS ,_, hospitals_NNS ,_, ships_NNS ,_, H01 87 \0etc_RB ,_, )_) the_ATI extra_JJ questions_NNS were_BED asked_VBN H01 87 of_IN every_AT tenth_OD person_NN ._. ^ the_ATI H01 88 sample_NN was_BEDZ so_RB arranged_VBN as_CS to_TO be_BE fully_RB H01 88 representative_JJ over_IN the_ATI country_NN H01 89 as_IN a_AT whole_NN ,_, and_CC everyone_PN had_HVD the_ATI same_AP H01 89 possibility_NN of_IN being_BEG included_VBN ._. H01 90 ^ the_ATI questions_NNS chosen_VBN for_IN sample_NN treatment_NN H01 90 were_BED those_DTS relating_VBG to_IN H01 91 occupation_NN ,_, employment_NN ,_, place_NN of_IN work_NN ,_, H01 91 status_NN in_IN employment_NN education_NN ,_, H01 92 scientific_JJ and_CC technological_JJ qualifications_NNS change_NN H01 92 of_IN usual_JJ residence_NN H01 93 or_CC duration_NN of_IN stay_NN at_IN present_JJ usual_JJ residence_NN H01 93 ,_, and_CC persons_NNS usually_RB H01 94 resident_JJ in_IN private_JJ households_NNS who_WPR were_BED absent_JJ H01 94 on_IN census_NN night_NN ._. H01 95 ^ order-in-council_NN ._. *-_*- ^ in_IN accordance_NN with_IN H01 95 the_ATI procedure_NN set_VBN out_RP H01 96 in_IN the_ATI census_NN act_NN ,_, 1920_CD ,_, a_AT draft_NN H01 96 order-in-council_NN ,_, prescribing_VBG the_ATI H01 97 date_NN of_IN the_ATI census_NN the_ATI persons_NNS by_IN whom_WPOR H01 97 and_CC with_IN respect_NN to_IN whom_WPOR the_ATI H01 98 returns_NNS were_BED to_TO be_BE made_VBN ,_, and_CC the_ATI H01 98 substance_NN of_IN the_ATI questions_NNS to_TO be_BE H01 99 asked_VBN ,_, was_BEDZ laid_VBN before_IN parliament_NN on_IN the_ATI H01 99 6th_OD April_NR ,_, 1960_CD ._. ^ the_ATI draft_NN H01 100 order_NN was_BEDZ explained_VBN fully_RB in_IN the_ATI House_NPL of_IN H01 100 Commons_NP and_CC was_BEDZ accepted_VBN H01 101 without_IN opposition_NN ;_; at_IN the_ATI same_AP time_NN the_ATI H01 101 House_NPL approved_VBD the_ATI inclusion_NN H01 102 of_IN questions_NNS about_IN the_ATI first_OD or_CC only_AP marriage_NN H01 102 where_WRB this_DT had_HVD H01 103 terminated_VBN ,_, about_IN housing_NN tenure_NN ,_, education_NN ,_, H01 103 scientific_JJ and_CC H01 104 technological_JJ qualifications_NNS change_NN of_IN usual_JJ H01 104 residence_NN in_IN past_JJB year_NN or_CC H01 105 duration_NN of_IN stay_NN at_IN present_JJ usual_JJ residence_NN ._. ^ H01 105 these_DTS questions_NNS required_VBD H01 106 the_ATI affirmative_JJ procedure_NN because_CS they_PP3AS are_BER H01 106 not_XNOT already_RB specifically_RB H01 107 authorised_VBN by_IN the_ATI census_NN act_NN ,_, 1920_CD ._. ^ H01 107 there_EX was_BEDZ a_AT general_JJ debate_NN about_IN H01 108 the_ATI draft_NN order_NN in_IN the_ATI House_NPL of_IN Lords_NPTS H01 108 on_IN the_ATI 1st_OD June_NR ,_, 1960_CD ,_, following_IN H01 109 which_WDTR the_ATI inclusion_NN of_IN these_DTS questions_NNS was_BEDZ H01 109 agreed_VBN to_IN ._. ^ the_ATI census_NN H01 110 order_NN ,_, 1960_CD ,_, (_( \0S.I_NP 1960_CD \0no_NN 1062_CD ,_, )_) H01 110 was_BEDZ made_VBN on_IN 23rd_OD June_NR ,_, 1960_CD ._. H01 111 ^ the_ATI second_OD schedule_NN containing_VBG the_ATI substance_NN H01 111 of_IN the_ATI questions_NNS is_BEZ H01 112 given_VBN in_IN appendix_NN C_ZZ ._. H01 113 ^ regulations_NNS ._. *-_*- ^ the_ATI detailed_JJ machinery_NN H01 113 for_IN the_ATI taking_NN of_IN the_ATI H01 114 census_NN and_CC the_ATI precise_JJ forms_NNS of_IN return_NN to_TO H01 114 be_BE used_VBN in_IN all_ABN cases_NNS were_BED H01 115 prescribed_VBN in_IN the_ATI census_NN regulations_NNS ,_, 1960_CD ,_, H01 115 (_( \0S.I_NP 1960_CD \0no_NN H01 116 1175_CD ,_, )_) which_WDTR were_BED signed_VBN by_IN the_ATI H01 116 Minister_NPT of_IN health_NN on_IN the_ATI 11th_OD July_NR ,_, H01 117 1960_CD ,_, and_CC laid_VBN before_IN parliament_NN on_IN 18th_OD H01 117 July_NR ._. ^ there_EX was_BEDZ no_ATI H01 118 discussion_NN of_IN them_PP3OS in_IN either_DTX House_NPL ._. H01 119 ^ local_JJ organization_NN ._. *-_*- ^ (_( a_ZZ )_) ._. ^ census_NN H01 119 Officers_NPTS ._. ^ as_CS at_IN H01 120 every_AT previous_JJ census_NN since_IN 1841_CD ,_, the_ATI local_JJ H01 120 arrangements_NNS for_IN the_ATI H01 121 enumeration_NN were_BED based_VBN on_IN the_ATI area_NN covered_VBN H01 121 by_IN the_ATI local_JJ registrar_NN of_IN H01 122 births_NNS and_CC deaths_NNS ,_, with_IN some_DTI modifications_NNS H01 122 of_IN area_NN so_CS that_CS" generally_RB H01 123 the_ATI census_NN districts_NNS were_BED limited_VBN to_IN a_AT H01 123 maximum_NN of_IN 100_CD enumeration_NN H01 124 districts_NNS (_( that_DT is_BEZ ,_, approximately_RB 75,000_CD H01 124 population_NN )_) ._. ^ thus_RB ,_, there_EX H01 125 were_BED 1,315_CD census_NN districts_NNS for_IN the_ATI 1,184_CD H01 125 registration_NN sub-districts_NNS ._. H01 126 ^ in_RB the_RB" main_RB" the_ATI registrars_NNS acted_VBD as_IN H01 126 census_NN Officers_NPTS ;_; the_ATI 1,315_CD H01 127 census_NN Officers_NPTS comprised_VBD 1,093_CD registrars_NNS of_IN H01 127 births_NNS and_CC deaths_NNS ,_, 137_CD H01 128 other_AP registration_NN officers_NNS and_CC 85_CD others_APS H01 128 appointed_VBN as_CS required_VBN ._. H01 129 ^ superintendent_NN registrars_NNS were_BED appointed_VBN to_TO H01 129 act_VB as_IN census_NN H01 130 advisory_JJ Officers_NPTS in_IN 115_CD cases_NNS ,_, mainly_RB in_IN H01 130 the_ATI larger_JJR centres_NNS of_IN H01 131 population_NN ,_, to_TO deal_VB with_IN enquiries_NNS about_IN the_ATI H01 131 census_NN from_IN any_DTI quarter_NN ,_, H01 132 and_CC to_TO recruit_VB and_CC instruct_VB in_IN their_PP$ general_JJ H01 132 duties_NNS a_AT sufficient_JJ H01 133 number_NN of_IN enumerators_NNS for_IN the_ATI area_NN ._. H01 134 ^ the_ATI local_JJ duties_NNS comprised_VBD the_ATI checking_NN H01 134 of_IN the_ATI boundaries_NNS and_CC H01 135 contents_NNS of_IN enumeration_NN districts_NNS set_VBN out_RP in_IN H01 135 the_ATI draft_NN plans_NNS prepared_VBN H01 136 by_IN the_ATI central_JJ census_NN office_NN ,_, the_ATI selection_NN H01 136 ,_, appointment_NN and_CC H01 137 instruction_NN of_IN enumerators_NNS ,_, control_NN of_IN the_ATI H01 137 enumeration_NN and_CC dealing_VBG H01 138 with_IN enquiries_NNS or_CC difficulties_NNS from_IN the_ATI public_NN H01 138 ._. H01 139 ^ (_( b_ZZ )_) ._. ^ enumerators_NNS ._. ^ the_ATI persons_NNS H01 139 appointed_VBN to_TO deliver_VB and_CC H01 140 collect_VB the_ATI forms_NNS are_BER traditionally_RB called_VBN *'_*' H01 140 enumerators_NNS **'_**' ._. ^ they_PP3AS H01 141 also_RB compile_VB an_AT enumeration_NN record_NN of_IN their_PP$ H01 141 district_NN ,_, with_IN the_ATI H01 142 provisional_JJ count_NN of_IN numbers_NNS and_CC a_AT list_NN of_IN H01 142 all_ABN buildings_NNS ,_, residential_JJ H01 143 premises_NNS and_CC households_NNS ._. ^ the_ATI completeness_NN of_IN H01 143 the_ATI census_NN count_NN depends_VBZ H01 144 very_QL largely_RB upon_IN the_ATI assiduity_NN with_IN which_WDTR H01 144 the_ATI enumerator_NN searches_NNS for_IN H01 145 all_ABN residential_JJ premises_NNS and_CC any_DTI temporary_JJ H01 145 dwellings_NNS ,_, caravans_NNS ,_, boats_NNS ,_, H01 146 \0etc_RB ,_, where_WRB anyone_PN may_MD spend_VB census_NN night_NN ,_, H01 146 and_CC in_IN the_ATI confidence_NN H01 147 which_WDTR he_PP3A can_MD inspire_VB in_IN the_ATI ordinary_JJ H01 147 householder_NN that_CS the_ATI census_NN is_BEZ H01 148 necessary_JJ and_CC the_ATI answers_NNS kept_VBN secret_JJ ._. ^ H01 148 there_EX is_BEZ far_RB more_AP in_IN the_ATI job_NN H01 149 than_IN mere_JJB issue_NN and_CC collection_NN of_IN forms_NNS ._. H01 150 ^ the_ATI identification_NN of_IN buildings_NNS by_IN type_NN ,_, H01 150 of_IN structurally_RB separate_JJ H01 151 dwellings_NNS and_CC private_JJ households_NNS is_BEZ a_AT complex_JJ H01 151 process_NN dependent_JJ upon_IN H01 152 detailed_JJ instructions_NNS ._. ^ the_ATI census_NN schedules_NNS H01 152 themselves_PPLS have_HV to_TO be_BE H01 153 fully_RB understood_VBN so_CS that_CS" advice_NN can_MD be_BE given_VBN H01 153 to_IN people_NNS in_IN difficulty_NN ._. H01 154 ^ but_CC above_IN all_ABN the_ATI work_NN requires_VBZ tact_NN and_CC H01 154 courtesy_NN ,_, so_CS that_CS" the_ATI H01 155 returns_NNS may_MD be_BE secured_VBN from_IN the_ATI public_NN H01 155 without_IN friction_NN or_CC offence_NN ._. H01 156 ^ instructions_NNS for_IN the_ATI recruitment_NN of_IN H01 156 enumerators_NNS were_BED sent_VBN out_RP in_IN H01 157 early_JJ January_NR ._. ^ the_ATI power_NN of_IN appointment_NN H01 157 was_BEDZ delegated_VBN to_IN the_ATI local_JJ H01 158 census_NN Officers_NPTS ,_, as_CS it_PP3 was_BEDZ not_XNOT H01 158 practicable_JJ to_TO exercise_VB central_JJ H01 159 control_NN ._. ^ guidance_NN was_BEDZ given_VBN ,_, and_CC advice_NN H01 159 or_CC assistance_NN was_BEDZ available_JJ H01 160 in_IN the_ATI event_NN of_IN difficulty_NN ._. ^ to_TO widen_VB the_ATI H01 160 field_NN of_IN recruitment_NN as_QL far_RB H01 161 as_CS possible_JJ ,_, a_AT general_JJ press_NN notice_NN was_BEDZ H01 161 issued_VBN ,_, which_WDTR was_BEDZ very_QL well_RB H01 162 covered_VBN by_IN the_ATI local_JJ press_NN and_CC notifications_NNS H01 162 were_BED sent_VBN to_IN government_NN H01 163 departments_NNS ,_, to_IN local_JJ authorities_NNS and_CC local_JJ H01 163 education_NN authorities_NNS ._. H01 164 ^ arrangements_NNS were_BED made_VBN for_IN close_JJ co-operation_NN H01 164 with_IN the_ATI managers_NNS H01 165 of_IN local_JJ employment_NN exchanges_NNS of_IN the_ATI ministry_NN H01 165 of_IN labour_NN ,_, and_CC ,_, in_RB H01 166 particular_RB" ,_, that_CS census_NN advisory_JJ Officers_NPTS and_CC H01 166 census_NN Officers_NPTS should_MD H01 167 ascertain_VB whether_CS the_ATI managers_NNS had_HVD suitable_JJ H01 167 people_NNS to_TO put_VB forward_RB for_IN H01 168 possible_JJ appointment_NN from_IN persons_NNS registered_VBN with_IN H01 168 ,_, or_CC applying_VBG to_IN ,_, H01 169 them_PP3OS for_IN employment_NN ._. ^ as_CS it_PP3 was_BEDZ H01 169 essential_JJ to_TO select_VB persons_NNS who_WPR would_MD H01 170 be_BE willing_JJ and_CC available_JJ to_TO carry_VB out_RP the_ATI H01 170 duties_NNS some_DTI weeks_NNS ahead_RB ,_, in_RB H01 171 the_RB" main_RB" selection_NN was_BEDZ confined_VBN to_IN persons_NNS H01 171 able_JJ to_TO undertake_VB spare_JJ H01 172 time_NN duties_NNS ,_, or_CC housewives_NNS and_CC retired_JJ H01 172 persons_NNS ._. H01 173 ^ some_DTI 69,000_CD enumerators_NNS were_BED appointed_VBN in_IN H01 173 England_NP and_CC Wales_NP ._. ^ as_CS H01 174 previously_RB many_AP were_BED local_JJ government_NN officers_NNS H01 174 and_CC civil_JJ servants_NNS ._. H01 175 ^ applications_NNS for_IN appointment_NN were_BED received_VBN in_IN H01 175 great_JJ numbers_NNS in_IN H01 176 nearly_RB all_ABN urban_JJ areas_NNS ,_, but_CC in_IN some_DTI rural_JJ H01 176 areas_NNS there_EX was_BEDZ difficulty_NN H01 177 in_IN making_VBG up_RP the_ATI numbers_NNS required_VBN ._. ^ H01 177 instructions_NNS were_BED given_VBN that_CS as_QL H01 178 far_RB as_CS practicable_JJ no_ATI enumerator_NN should_MD be_BE H01 178 assigned_VBN to_IN a_AT district_NN in_IN H01 179 which_WDTR he_PP3A was_BEDZ known_VBN by_IN the_ATI residents_NNS ,_, H01 179 as_CS people_NNS might_MD be_BE reluctant_JJ that_CS H01 180 the_ATI confidential_JJ information_NN on_IN a_AT census_NN schedule_NN H01 180 should_MD be_BE made_VBN H01 181 available_JJ to_IN an_AT enumerator_NN personally_RB known_VBN to_IN H01 181 them_PP3OS ._. ^ but_CC this_DT was_BEDZ not_XNOT H01 182 always_RB possible_JJ ,_, particularly_RB in_IN rural_JJ areas_NNS ._. ^ H01 182 all_ABN enumerators_NNS signed_VBD H01 183 an_AT undertaking_NN that_CS they_PP3AS understood_VBD the_ATI H01 183 nature_NN of_IN their_PP$ duties_NNS and_CC H01 184 their_PP$ obligation_NN to_TO keep_VB secret_JJ the_ATI information_NN H01 184 collected_VBN ,_, and_CC that_CS H01 185 they_PP3AS were_BED aware_JJ of_IN the_ATI heavy_JJ penalties_NNS H01 185 for_IN any_DTI breach_NN of_IN confidence_NN ._. H01 186 ^ (_( c_ZZ )_) ._. ^ the_ATI enumeration_NN ._. ^ the_ATI basis_NN H01 186 of_IN the_ATI enumeration_NN was_BEDZ ,_, H01 187 as_CS previously_RB ,_, that_CS forms_NNS should_MD be_BE completed_VBN H01 187 for_IN every_AT private_JJ H01 188 household_NN ,_, and_CC for_IN every_AT hospital_NN ,_, hotel_NN or_CC H01 188 other_AP similar_JJ H01 189 establishment_NN under_IN arrangements_NNS made_VBN by_IN the_ATI H01 189 persons_NNS in_IN charge_NN ._. ^ the_ATI H01 190 normal_JJ private_JJ household_NN is_BEZ the_ATI family_NN type_NN H01 190 with_IN husband_NN ,_, wife_NN and_CC H01 191 children_NNS ,_, but_CC persons_NNS living_VBG alone_JJ or_CC a_AT H01 191 group_NN of_IN two_CD or_CC more_AP persons_NNS H01 192 living_VBG together_RB also_RB constituted_VBD households_NNS for_IN H01 192 the_ATI census_NN ._. ^ where_WRB H01 193 accommodation_NN is_BEZ sub-let_VBN and_CC the_ATI occupants_NNS H01 193 live_VB on_IN their_PP$ own_AP ,_, they_PP3AS H01 194 would_MD be_BE counted_VBN as_IN a_AT household_NN ,_, but_CC H01 194 persons_NNS living_VBG with_IN a_AT household_NN H01 195 who_WPR usually_RB have_HV at_RB least_RB" one_CD1 meal_NN a_AT day_NN H01 195 provided_VBN by_IN that_DT household_NN H01 196 while_CS in_IN residence_NN are_BER treated_VBN as_CS belonging_VBG H01 196 to_IN that_DT household_NN ._. H02 2 ministry_NN of_IN health_NN ._. H02 3 ^ department_NN of_IN health_NN for_IN Scotland_NP ._. H02 4 ^ drug_NN addiction_NN ._. H02 5 ^ report_NN of_IN the_ATI interdepartmental_JJ committee_NN ._. H02 6 ^ interdepartmental_JJ committee_NN on_IN drug_NN addiction_NN ._. H02 7 ^ report_NN ._. H02 8 ^ to_IN the_ATI \0Rt_NPT \0Hon_NPT \0J_NP Enoch_NP Powell_NP ,_, H02 8 \0M.B.E_NPT ,_, H02 9 \0M.P_NPT ,_, Minister_NPT of_IN health_NN ._. H02 10 ^ the_ATI \0Rt_NPT \0Hon_NPT John_NP Maclay_NP ,_, \0C.M.G_NPT ,_, H02 10 \0M.P_NPT ,_, H02 11 Secretary_NPT of_IN state_NN for_IN Scotland_NP ._. H02 12 ^ appointment_NN ._. H02 13 ^ 1_CD1 ._. ^ we_PP1AS were_BED appointed_VBN on_IN 3rd_OD June_NR H02 13 ,_, 1958_CD ,_, with_IN the_ATI following_JJ H02 14 terms_NNS of_IN reference_NN :_: H02 16 *'_*' to_TO review_VB ,_, in_IN the_ATI light_NN of_IN more_QL H02 16 recent_JJ developments_NNS ,_, the_ATI advice_NN H02 17 given_VBN by_IN the_ATI departmental_JJ committee_NN on_IN morphine_NN H02 17 and_CC heroin_NN addiction_NN H02 18 in_IN 1926_CD ;_; to_TO consider_VB whether_CS any_DTI revised_JJ H02 18 advice_NN should_MD also_RB cover_VB H02 19 other_AP drugs_NNS liable_JJ to_TO produce_VB addiction_NN or_CC to_TO H02 19 be_BE habit-forming_JJ ;_; to_TO H02 20 consider_VB whether_CS there_EX is_BEZ a_AT medical_JJ need_NN to_TO H02 20 provide_VB special_JJ ,_, including_IN H02 21 institutional_JJ ,_, treatment_NN outside_IN the_ATI resources_NNS H02 21 already_RB available_JJ ,_, for_IN H02 22 persons_NNS addicted_VBN to_IN drugs_NNS ;_; and_CC to_TO make_VB H02 22 recommendations_NNS ,_, including_IN H02 23 proposals_NNS for_IN any_DTI administrative_JJ measures_NNS that_WPR H02 23 may_MD seem_VB expedient_JJ ,_, to_IN H02 24 the_ATI Minister_NPT of_IN health_NN and_CC the_ATI Secretary_NPT of_IN H02 24 state_NN for_IN Scotland_NP **'_**' ._. H02 26 ^ procedure_NN ._. H02 27 ^ 2_CD ._. ^ we_PP1AS have_HV held_VBN eleven_CD meetings_NNS ._. ^ H02 27 we_PP1AS decided_VBD as_IN a_AT first_OD step_NN to_TO H02 28 seek_VB information_NN from_IN a_AT number_NN of_IN organisations_NNS H02 28 and_CC persons_NNS having_HVG an_AT H02 29 interest_NN in_IN the_ATI questions_NNS before_IN us_PP1OS and_CC at_IN H02 29 a_AT later_JJR stage_NN we_PP1AS arranged_VBD H02 30 for_IN publication_NN of_IN a_AT press_NN notice_NN inviting_VBG H02 30 anybody_PN interested_JJ to_TO H02 31 submit_VB representations_NNS ._. ^ we_PP1AS compiled_VBD a_AT list_NN H02 31 of_IN the_ATI points_NNS which_WDTR we_PP1AS H02 32 thought_VBD were_BED of_IN importance_NN ,_, but_CC we_PP1AS made_VBD H02 32 it_PP3 clear_JJ that_CS the_ATI replies_NNS need_MD H02 33 not_XNOT be_BE confined_VBN to_IN these_DTS particular_JJ items_NNS ._. H02 33 ^ as_IN a_AT general_JJ rule_NN we_PP1AS did_DOD H02 34 not_XNOT ask_VB for_IN oral_JJ evidence_NN ,_, though_CS we_PP1AS H02 34 found_VBD it_PP3 an_AT advantage_NN in_IN certain_JJ H02 35 instances_NNS ._. ^ appendix_NN 1_CD1 gives_VBZ a_AT list_NN of_IN H02 35 the_ATI bodies_NNS and_CC persons_NNS H02 36 consulted_VBN ._. ^ the_ATI department_NN of_IN health_NN for_IN H02 36 Scotland_NP ,_, the_ATI home_NR office_NN and_CC H02 37 the_ATI ministry_NN of_IN health_NN submitted_VBD evidence_NN to_IN H02 37 us_PP1OS ;_; officers_NNS of_IN these_DTS H02 38 departments_NNS attended_VBD our_PP$ meetings_NNS and_CC have_HV H02 38 given_VBN us_PP1OS valuable_JJ H02 39 assistance_NN ._. H02 40 ^ interim_JJB report_NN ._. H02 41 ^ 3_CD ._. ^ on_IN 23rd_OD November_NR ,_, 1959_CD ,_, we_PP1AS H02 41 submitted_VBD an_AT interim_JJB report_NN ._. H02 42 ^ this_DT dealt_VBD with_IN two_CD questions_NNS which_WDTR arose_VBD H02 42 from_IN our_PP$ terms_NNS of_IN reference_NN H02 43 and_CC which_WDTR had_HVD been_BEN brought_VBN specially_RB to_IN H02 43 our_PP$ notice_NN ._. ^ first_RB ,_, we_PP1AS were_BED H02 44 asked_VBN to_TO examine_VB the_ATI risks_NNS attending_VBG the_ATI H02 44 abuse_NN of_IN carbromal_NN and_CC H02 45 bromvaletone_NN and_CC preparations_NNS containing_VBG these_DTS H02 45 substances_NNS ._. ^ the_ATI H02 46 poisons_NNS board_NN had_HVD already_RB considered_VBN this_DT H02 46 problem_NN but_CC ,_, in_IN the_ATI absence_NN H02 47 of_IN sufficient_JJ evidence_NN that_CS these_DTS compounds_NNS H02 47 were_BED widely_RB abused_VBN ,_, had_HVD H02 48 not_XNOT recommended_VBN them_PP3OS for_IN control_NN as_IN *'_*' H02 48 poisons_NNS **'_**' under_IN the_ATI pharmacy_NN H02 49 and_CC poisons_VBZ act_NN ,_, 1933_CD ._. H02 50 ^ 4_CD ._. ^ on_IN examination_NN of_IN the_ATI evidence_NN it_PP3 H02 50 became_VBD clear_JJ to_IN us_PP1OS that_DT H02 51 carbromal_NN and_CC bromvaletone_NN were_BED examples_NNS of_IN a_AT H02 51 number_NN of_IN drugs_NNS on_IN sale_NN H02 52 to_IN the_ATI public_NN which_WDTR were_BED not_XNOT appropriate_JJ H02 52 for_IN restriction_NN to_IN supply_NN on_IN H02 53 prescription_NN under_IN the_ATI dangerous_JJ drugs_NNS act_NN ,_, H02 53 1951_CD ,_, or_CC the_ATI therapeutic_JJ H02 54 substances_NNS act_NN ,_, 1956_CD ,_, and_CC had_HVD not_XNOT so_QL H02 54 far_RB been_BEN recommended_VBN for_IN control_NN H02 55 as_IN poisons_NNS ._. H02 56 ^ 5_CD ._. ^ we_PP1AS recommended_VBD that_CS ,_, in_RB general_RB" H02 56 ,_, any_DTI drug_NN or_CC pharmaceutical_JJ H02 57 preparation_NN which_WDTR has_HVZ an_AT action_NN on_IN the_ATI H02 57 central_JJ nervous_JJ system_NN and_CC is_BEZ H02 58 liable_JJ to_TO produce_VB physical_JJ or_CC psychological_JJ H02 58 deterioration_NN should_MD be_BE H02 59 confined_VBN to_IN supply_NN on_IN prescription_NN and_CC that_CS an_AT H02 59 independent_JJ expert_JJ body_NN H02 60 should_MD be_BE responsible_JJ for_IN advising_VBG which_WDT H02 60 substances_NNS should_MD be_BE so_RB H02 61 controlled_VBN ._. H02 62 ^ 6_CD ._. ^ as_IN an_AT interim_JJB and_CC urgent_JJ measure_NN ,_, H02 62 the_ATI Secretary_NPT of_IN state_NN for_IN H02 63 the_ATI home_NR department_NN ,_, on_IN the_ATI recommendation_NN of_IN H02 63 the_ATI poisons_NNS board_NN ,_, has_HVZ H02 64 made_VBN rules_NNS under_IN which_WDTR certain_JJ substances_NNS H02 64 having_HVG an_AT action_NN on_IN the_ATI H02 65 central_JJ nervous_JJ system_NN are_BER included_VBN in_IN a_AT new_JJ H02 65 list_NN of_IN substances_NNS which_WDTR H02 66 may_MD be_BE sold_VBN by_IN retail_NN only_RB on_IN the_ATI H02 66 prescription_NN of_IN a_AT duly_RB qualified_JJ H02 67 medical_JJ practitioner_NN ,_, registered_JJ dentist_NN ,_, H02 67 registered_VBD veterinary_JJ H02 68 surgeon_NN or_CC registered_VBD veterinary_JJ practitioner_NN ._. H02 69 ^ 7_CD ._. ^ we_PP1AS are_BER glad_JJ to_TO note_VB the_ATI H02 69 action_NN that_WPR has_HVZ been_BEN taken_VBN and_CC we_PP1AS hope_VB H02 70 that_CS arrangements_NNS will_MD be_BE made_VBN to_TO ensure_VB that_CS H02 70 ,_, as_CS other_AP preparations_NNS H02 71 affecting_VBG the_ATI central_JJ nervous_JJ system_NN become_VB H02 71 available_JJ ,_, they_PP3AS too_RB will_MD H02 72 be_BE brought_VBN to_IN the_ATI notice_NN of_IN the_ATI poisons_NNS H02 72 board_NN ,_, or_CC such_ABL other_AP advisory_JJ H02 73 body_NN as_CS may_MD in_IN due_JJ course_NN be_BE appointed_VBN for_IN H02 73 the_ATI purpose_NN ,_, to_TO consider_VB H02 74 whether_CS there_EX are_BER sufficient_JJ grounds_NNS for_IN H02 74 restricting_VBG any_DTI of_IN them_PP3OS also_RB H02 75 to_IN supply_NN on_IN prescription_NN ._. H02 76 ^ 8_CD ._. ^ the_ATI second_OD part_NN of_IN our_PP$ interim_JJB H02 76 report_NN was_BEDZ devoted_VBN to_IN H02 77 anaesthetists_NNS who_WPR become_VB addicted_VBN to_IN the_ATI H02 77 gases_NNS and_CC vapours_NNS which_WDTR they_PP3AS H02 78 use_VB in_IN the_ATI course_NN of_IN their_PP$ professional_JJ H02 78 duties_NNS ._. ^ we_PP1AS ascertained_VBD that_CS H02 79 the_ATI incidence_NN of_IN this_DT irregularity_NN was_BEDZ very_QL H02 79 small_JJ indeed_QLP ._. ^ however_RB ,_, H02 80 over_IN a_AT period_NN of_IN eleven_CD years_NNS ,_, patients'_NNS$ H02 80 lives_NNS had_HVD been_BEN endangered_VBN in_IN H02 81 two_CD known_JJ instances_NNS ._. H02 82 ^ 9_CD ._. ^ we_PP1AS were_BED assured_VBN by_IN our_PP$ expert_JJ H02 82 witnesses_NNS on_IN this_DT subject_NN that_CS ,_, H02 83 with_IN the_ATI apparatus_NN at_IN present_NN to_IN hand_NN ,_, the_ATI H02 83 preliminary_JJ sniffing_NN of_IN the_ATI H02 84 gases_NNS immediately_RB before_IN administering_VBG them_PP3OS to_IN H02 84 a_AT patient_NN was_BEDZ a_AT H02 85 recognised_JJ and_CC necessary_JJ precaution_NN ._. ^ we_PP1AS H02 85 accepted_VBD this_DT ._. H02 86 ^ 10_CD ._. ^ in_IN view_NN of_IN the_ATI heavy_JJ and_CC direct_JJ H02 86 responsibility_NN carried_VBN by_IN H02 87 every_AT anaesthetist_NN we_PP1AS were_BED convinced_VBN that_CS H02 87 anyone_PN addicted_VBN to_IN the_ATI H02 88 inhalation_NN of_IN gases_NNS and_CC vapours_NNS should_MD never_RB H02 88 be_BE entrusted_VBN with_IN their_PP$ H02 89 administration_NN ._. ^ intervention_NN in_IN the_ATI first_OD H02 89 instance_NN ,_, we_PP1AS thought_VBD ,_, H02 90 should_MD be_BE by_IN the_ATI anaesthetist's_NN$ professional_JJ H02 90 colleagues_NNS ._. ^ the_ATI ethical_JJ H02 91 questions_NNS arising_VBG have_HV been_BEN discussed_VBN between_IN H02 91 Ministers_NPTS and_CC H02 92 representatives_NNS of_IN the_ATI medical_JJ profession_NN and_CC H02 92 we_PP1AS are_BER glad_JJ to_TO see_VB that_CS H02 93 a_AT memorandum_NN embodying_VBG the_ATI agreed_JJ arrangements_NNS H02 93 was_BEDZ sent_VBN to_IN hospital_NN H02 94 authorities_NNS in_IN England_NP and_CC Wales_NP on_IN 27th_OD May_NR H02 94 ,_, 1960_CD ,_, and_CC that_CS one_CD1 was_BEDZ H02 95 sent_VBN to_IN hospital_NN authorities_NNS in_IN Scotland_NP on_IN H02 95 18th_OD August_NR ,_, 1960_CD ._. H02 96 ^ report_NN of_IN the_ATI departmental_JJ committee_NN on_IN H02 96 morphine_NN and_CC heroin_NN H02 97 addiction_NN (_( the_ATI *'_*' Rolleston_NP committee_NN **'_**' )_) H02 97 1926_CD ._. H02 98 ^ 11_CD ._. ^ the_ATI main_JJB tasks_NNS of_IN the_ATI Rolleston_NP H02 98 committee_NN ,_, whose_WP$R advice_NN we_PP1AS H02 99 were_BED invited_VBN to_TO review_VB ,_, were_BED to_TO advise_VB on_IN H02 99 :_: H02 101 (_( a_ZZ )_) the_ATI circumstances_NNS ,_, if_CS any_DTI ,_, in_IN H02 101 which_WDTR the_ATI supply_NN of_IN morphine_NN and_CC H02 102 heroin_NN ,_, and_CC preparations_NNS containing_VBG these_DTS H02 102 substances_NNS ,_, to_IN persons_NNS H02 103 addicted_VBN to_IN those_DTS drugs_NNS might_MD be_BE regarded_VBN H02 103 as_CS medically_RB advisable_JJ ;_; H02 104 (_( b_ZZ )_) the_ATI precautions_NNS which_WDTR medical_JJ H02 104 practitioners_NNS administering_VBG or_CC H02 105 prescribing_VBG morphine_NN or_CC heroin_NN should_MD adopt_VB to_TO H02 105 avoid_VB abuse_NN and_CC any_DTI H02 106 administrative_JJ measures_NNS that_WPR seemed_VBD expedient_JJ to_TO H02 106 secure_VB observance_NN of_IN H02 107 those_DTS precautions_NNS ._. H02 109 ^ 12_CD ._. ^ through_IN the_ATI system_NN of_IN records_NNS and_CC H02 109 inspection_NN then_RN in_IN H02 110 operation_NN cases_NNS were_BED brought_VBN to_IN the_ATI notice_NN H02 110 of_IN the_ATI home_NR office_NN at_IN that_DT H02 111 time_NN in_IN which_WDTR exceptionally_RB large_JJ quantities_NNS of_IN H02 111 morphine_NN and_CC heroin_NN H02 112 had_HVD been_BEN supplied_VBN to_IN particular_JJ practitioners_NNS H02 112 or_CC prescribed_VBN for_IN H02 113 individual_JJ cases_NNS ._. ^ on_IN further_JJB enquiry_NN it_PP3 H02 113 was_BEDZ ascertained_VBN that_CS H02 114 sometimes_RB the_ATI doctor_NN had_HVD ordered_VBN these_DTS drugs_NNS H02 114 simply_RB to_TO satisfy_VB the_ATI H02 115 craving_NN of_IN the_ATI addict_NN ;_; in_IN some_DTI instances_NNS H02 115 there_EX was_BEDZ a_AT doubt_NN whether_CS the_ATI H02 116 supply_NN was_BEDZ for_IN bona_JJ fide_&FW medical_JJ treatment_NN ;_; H02 116 in_IN other_AP cases_NNS H02 117 the_ATI drugs_NNS had_HVD been_BEN prescribed_VBN in_IN large_JJ H02 117 quantities_NNS either_DTX to_IN persons_NNS H02 118 previously_RB unknown_JJ to_IN the_ATI practitioner_NN or_CC to_IN a_AT H02 118 patient_NN receiving_VBG H02 119 supplies_NNS elsewhere_RB ;_; occasionally_RB ,_, large_JJ supplies_NNS H02 119 had_HVD been_BEN used_VBN by_IN H02 120 practitioners_NNS for_IN self-administration_NN ._. H02 121 ^ 13_CD ._. ^ it_PP3 appeared_VBD then_RN that_CS in_IN some_DTI H02 121 circumstances_NNS dangerous_JJ drugs_NNS H02 122 were_BED being_BEG supplied_VBN in_IN contravention_NN of_IN the_ATI H02 122 intention_NN of_IN parliament_NN H02 123 that_CS a_AT doctor_NN should_MD be_BE authorised_VBN to_TO supply_VB H02 123 drugs_NNS only_RB so_QL far_RB as_CS was_BEDZ H02 124 necessary_JJ for_IN the_ATI practice_NN of_IN his_PP$ profession_NN ._. H02 124 ^ before_IN deciding_VBG on_IN H02 125 measures_VBZ to_TO secure_VB proper_JJ observance_NN of_IN the_ATI H02 125 law_NN ,_, it_PP3 was_BEDZ felt_VBN necessary_JJ H02 126 to_TO have_HV some_DTI authoritative_JJ medical_JJ advice_NN on_IN H02 126 various_JJ aspects_NNS of_IN the_ATI H02 127 treatment_NN of_IN addiction_NN ,_, the_ATI use_NN of_IN dangerous_JJ H02 127 drugs_NNS in_IN medical_JJ H02 128 treatment_NN ,_, and_CC the_ATI action_NN which_WDTR might_MD be_BE H02 128 taken_VBN where_WRB a_AT doctor_NN appeared_VBD H02 129 to_TO have_HV misused_VBN his_PP$ authority_NN to_TO possess_VB and_CC H02 129 supply_VB them_PP3OS ._. H02 130 ^ 14_CD ._. ^ the_ATI Rolleston_NP committee's_NN$ H02 130 recommendations_NNS in_IN 1926_CD on_IN the_ATI H02 131 supply_NN of_IN morphine_NN and_CC heroin_NN to_IN addicts_NNS to_IN H02 131 these_DTS drugs_NNS and_CC on_IN the_ATI use_NN H02 132 of_IN drugs_NNS in_IN treatment_NN are_BER discussed_VBN later_RBR H02 132 in_IN this_DT report_NN ._. ^ they_PP3AS have_HV ,_, H02 133 up_RP to_IN now_RN ,_, been_BEN included_VBN in_IN the_ATI H02 133 memorandum_NN on_IN the_ATI dangerous_JJ drugs_NNS act_NN H02 134 and_CC regulations_NNS which_WDTR is_BEZ prepared_VBN by_IN the_ATI H02 134 home_NR office_NN for_IN the_ATI H02 135 information_NN of_IN doctors_NNS and_CC dentists_NNS ._. H02 136 ^ 15_CD ._. ^ as_IN a_AT result_NN of_IN the_ATI Rolleston_NP H02 136 committee's_NN$ proposals_NNS for_IN H02 137 administrative_JJ measures_NNS ,_, amendments_NNS were_BED made_VBN H02 137 to_IN the_ATI dangerous_JJ drugs_NNS H02 138 regulations_NNS in_IN 1926_CD to_IN the_ATI following_JJ effect_NN :_: H02 140 ^ (_( 1_CD1 )_) ._. ^ provision_NN was_BEDZ made_VBN for_IN the_ATI H02 140 constitution_NN of_IN a_AT tribunal_NN to_IN H02 141 which_WDTR the_ATI Secretary_NPT of_IN state_NN could_MD refer_VB H02 141 cases_NNS in_IN which_WDTR ,_, in_IN his_PP$ H02 142 opinion_NN ,_, there_EX was_BEDZ reason_NN to_TO think_VB that_CS a_AT H02 142 duly_RB qualified_JJ practitioner_NN H02 143 might_MD be_BE supplying_VBG ,_, administering_VBG or_CC H02 143 prescribing_VBG drugs_NNS either_DTX for_IN H02 144 himself_PPL or_CC other_AP persons_NNS otherwise_RB than_CS as_CS H02 144 required_VBN for_IN purposes_NNS of_IN H02 145 medical_JJ treatment_NN ._. H02 146 ^ (_( 2_CD )_) ._. ^ the_ATI Secretary_NPT of_IN state_NN was_BEDZ H02 146 empowered_VBN ,_, on_IN the_ATI H02 147 recommendation_NN of_IN a_AT tribunal_NN ,_, to_TO withdraw_VB a_AT H02 147 doctor's_NN$ authority_NN to_TO H02 148 possess_VB and_CC supply_VB dangerous_JJ drugs_NNS and_CC to_TO H02 148 direct_VB that_CS such_ABL a_AT doctor_NN ,_, H02 149 or_CC a_AT doctor_NN convicted_VBN of_IN an_AT offence_NN under_IN H02 149 the_ATI act_NN ,_, should_MD not_XNOT issue_VB H02 150 prescriptions_NNS for_IN dangerous_JJ drugs_NNS ._. H02 151 ^ (_( 3_CD )_) ._. ^ it_PP3 was_BEDZ made_VBN clear_JJ that_CS H02 151 prescriptions_NNS should_MD only_RB be_BE given_VBN H02 152 by_IN a_AT duly_RB qualified_JJ medical_JJ practitioner_NN when_WRB H02 152 required_VBN for_IN purposes_NNS of_IN H02 153 medical_JJ treatment_NN ._. H02 154 ^ (_( 4_CD )_) ._. ^ it_PP3 was_BEDZ made_VBN an_AT offence_NN H02 154 for_IN a_AT person_NN who_WPR was_BEDZ receiving_VBG H02 155 treatment_NN from_IN one_CD1 doctor_NN to_TO obtain_VB a_AT supply_NN H02 155 of_IN dangerous_JJ drugs_NNS from_IN a_AT H02 156 second_OD doctor_NN without_IN disclosing_VBG that_CS he_PP3A was_BEDZ H02 156 being_BEG supplied_VBN by_IN the_ATI H02 157 first_OD doctor_NN ._. H02 158 ^ (_( 5_CD )_) ._. ^ all_ABN doctors_NNS ,_, dentists_NNS and_CC H02 158 veterinary_JJ surgeons_NNS were_BED H02 159 required_VBN to_TO keep_VB appropriate_JJ records_NNS of_IN all_ABN H02 159 dangerous_JJ drugs_NNS obtained_VBN ._. H02 161 ^ with_IN the_ATI exception_NN of_IN provisions_NNS relating_VBG H02 161 to_IN tribunals_NNS ,_, which_WDTR we_PP1AS H02 162 discuss_VB later_RBR ,_, all_ABN these_DTS amendments_NNS remain_VB H02 162 in_IN the_ATI current_JJ regulations_NNS ._. H02 163 ^ the_ATI changed_JJ situation_NN ._. H02 164 ^ 16_CD ._. ^ in_IN the_ATI thirty-four_CD years_NNS since_CS H02 164 the_ATI Rolleston_NP committee_NN H02 165 reported_VBD there_EX have_HV been_BEN developments_NNS in_IN two_CD H02 165 directions_NNS which_WDTR are_BER of_IN H02 166 interest_NN to_IN our_PP$ own_AP committee_NN ._. ^ on_IN the_ATI H02 166 one_CD1 hand_NN pharmaceutical_JJ H02 167 research_NN has_HVZ produced_VBN a_AT number_NN of_IN new_JJ H02 167 analgesic_JJ drugs_NNS ,_, many_AP of_IN which_WDTR H02 168 are_BER capable_JJ of_IN producing_VBG addiction_NN ._. ^ some_DTI H02 168 of_IN these_DTS have_HV been_BEN derived_VBN H02 169 from_IN opium_NN and_CC others_APS have_HV been_BEN produced_VBN H02 169 synthetically_RB ._. ^ it_PP3 is_BEZ H02 170 possible_JJ that_CS many_AP more_AP addiction-producing_JJ drugs_NNS H02 170 will_MD be_BE produced_VBN ._. ^ a_AT H02 171 potent_JJ analgesic_NN which_WDTR is_BEZ not_XNOT H02 171 addiction-producing_JJ has_HVZ so_QL far_RB not_XNOT been_BEN H02 172 forthcoming_JJ ._. ^ we_PP1AS have_HV had_HVN to_TO direct_VB our_PP$ H02 172 attention_NN to_IN the_ATI question_NN H02 173 whether_CS these_DTS drugs_NNS should_MD be_BE used_VBN with_IN the_ATI H02 173 same_AP precautions_NNS and_CC H02 174 subjected_VBN to_IN the_ATI same_AP control_NN as_IN the_ATI H02 174 morphine_NN and_CC heroin_NN considered_VBN by_IN H02 175 the_ATI Rolleston_NP committee_NN ._. H02 176 ^ 17_CD ._. ^ the_ATI second_OD development_NN has_HVZ been_BEN H02 176 in_IN the_ATI methods_NNS of_IN treatment_NN H02 177 of_IN drug_NN addiction_NN ._. ^ the_ATI withdrawal_NN from_IN H02 177 addicts_NNS of_IN the_ATI drug_NN to_IN which_WDTR H02 178 they_PP3AS are_BER addicted_VBN has_HVZ been_BEN the_ATI subject_NN H02 178 of_IN experiment_NN in_IN several_AP H02 179 countries_NNS and_CC particularly_RB in_IN the_ATI United_NP States_NP H02 179 of_IN America_NP ._. ^ these_DTS H02 180 experiments_NNS have_HV included_VBN the_ATI substitution_NN of_IN H02 180 newer_JJR addiction-producing_JJ H02 181 drugs_NNS and_CC their_PP$ subsequent_JJ gradual_JJ withdrawal_NN ,_, H02 181 and_CC also_RB the_ATI H02 182 use_NN of_IN other_AP new_JJ drugs_NNS ,_, such_IN as_IN" H02 182 tranquillizers_NNS ,_, for_IN the_ATI alleviation_NN of_IN H02 183 the_ATI withdrawal_NN symptoms_NNS ._. ^ it_PP3 has_HVZ therefore_RB H02 183 been_BEN necessary_JJ to_TO consider_VB H02 184 whether_CS there_EX are_BER still_RB circumstances_NNS in_IN which_WDTR H02 184 the_ATI continued_JJ H02 185 administration_NN of_IN dangerous_JJ drugs_NNS ,_, even_RB under_IN H02 185 the_ATI conditions_NNS strictly_RB H02 186 defined_VBN by_IN the_ATI Rolleston_NP committee_NN ,_, can_MD be_BE H02 186 justified_VBN ._. H02 187 ^ 18_CD ._. ^ we_PP1AS therefore_RB had_HVD to_TO consider_VB :_: H02 189 (_( 1_CD1 )_) whether_CS any_DTI new_JJ advice_NN could_MD be_BE H02 189 brought_VBN effectively_RB to_IN the_ATI H02 190 notice_NN of_IN doctors_NNS and_CC dentists_NNS ;_; H02 191 (_( 2_CD )_) whether_CS the_ATI principles_NNS underlying_VBG H02 191 the_ATI advice_NN could_MD be_BE H02 192 emphasised_VBN clearly_RB to_TO avoid_VB misinterpretation_NN ;_; H02 193 (_( 3_CD )_) whether_CS any_DTI action_NN was_BEDZ necessary_JJ H02 193 to_TO prevent_VB the_ATI H02 194 unjustifiable_JJ prescribing_NN of_IN dangerous_JJ drugs_NNS by_IN H02 194 some_DTI doctors_NNS ;_; H02 195 (_( 4_CD )_) whether_CS there_EX was_BEDZ any_DTI way_NN of_IN H02 195 preventing_VBG the_ATI unjustified_JJ use_NN H02 196 of_IN dangerous_JJ drugs_NNS by_IN any_DTI doctor_NN for_IN himself_PPL H02 196 or_CC for_IN members_NNS of_IN his_PP$ H02 197 family_NN ;_; H02 198 (_( 5_CD )_) the_ATI suggestion_NN made_VBN in_IN certain_JJ H02 198 international_JJ organizations_NNS H02 199 that_CS governments_NNS might_MD set_VB up_RP special_JJ H02 199 institutions_NNS for_IN the_ATI treatment_NN ,_, H02 200 care_NN and_CC rehabilitation_NN of_IN addicts_NNS on_IN a_AT H02 200 compulsory_JJ basis_NN ._. H02 202 ^ 19_CD ._. ^ in_IN addition_NN there_EX has_HVZ been_BEN an_AT H02 202 increase_NN in_IN the_ATI use_NN by_IN doctors_NNS H02 203 and_CC by_IN the_ATI general_JJ public_NN of_IN drugs_NNS liable_JJ H02 203 to_TO cause_VB habituation_NN ._. H02 204 ^ because_CS they_PP3AS do_DO not_XNOT give_VB rise_NN to_IN H02 204 ill-effects_NNS substantially_RB the_ATI same_AP H02 205 as_IN ,_, or_CC analogous_JJ to_IN ,_, those_DTS produced_VBN by_IN H02 205 morphine_NN or_CC cocaine_NN they_PP3AS are_BER H02 206 not_XNOT within_IN the_ATI scope_NN of_IN international_JJ H02 206 agreements_NNS ._. ^ we_PP1AS have_HV considered_VBN H02 207 this_DT development_NN ._. H02 208 ^ definitions_NNS adopted_VBN ._. H02 209 ^ 20_CD ._. ^ from_IN the_ATI outset_NN we_PP1AS felt_VBD it_PP3 H02 209 necessary_JJ to_TO have_HV a_AT clear_JJ and_CC H02 210 consistent_JJ idea_NN of_IN the_ATI phenomena_NNS confronting_VBG H02 210 us_PP1OS ._. ^ we_PP1AS therefore_RB adopted_VBD H02 211 the_ATI following_JJ definitions_NNS ,_, realising_VBG that_CS H02 211 they_PP3AS are_BER somewhat_RB arbitrary_JJ H02 212 and_CC may_MD need_VB to_TO be_BE revised_VBN in_IN the_ATI light_NN H02 212 of_IN increasing_JJ knowledge_NN ._. H02 214 ^ drug_NN addiction_NN is_BEZ a_AT state_NN of_IN periodic_JJ or_CC H02 214 chronic_JJ intoxication_NN H02 215 produced_VBN by_IN the_ATI repeated_JJ consumption_NN of_IN a_AT H02 215 drug_NN (_( natural_JJ or_CC synthetic_JJ )_) ;_; H02 216 its_PP$ characteristics_NNS include_VB :_: H02 217 (_( 1_CD1 )_) an_AT overpowering_JJ desire_NN or_CC need_NN (_( H02 217 compulsion_NN )_) to_TO continue_VB taking_VBG H02 218 the_ATI drug_NN and_CC to_TO obtain_VB it_PP3 by_IN any_DTI means_NNS H02 218 ,_, H02 219 (_( 2_CD )_) a_AT tendency_NN to_TO increase_VB the_ATI dose_NN ,_, H02 219 though_CS some_DTI patients_NNS may_MD H02 220 remain_VB indefinitely_RB on_IN a_AT stationary_JJ dose_NN ,_, H02 221 (_( 3_CD )_) a_AT psychological_JJ and_CC physical_JJ dependence_NN H02 221 on_IN the_ATI effects_NNS of_IN the_ATI H02 222 drug_NN ,_, H02 223 (_( 4_CD )_) the_ATI appearance_NN of_IN a_AT characteristic_JJ H02 223 abstinence_NN syndrome_NN in_IN a_AT H02 224 subject_NN from_IN whom_WPOR the_ATI drug_NN is_BEZ withdrawn_VBN ,_, H02 225 (_( 5_CD )_) an_AT effect_NN detrimental_JJ to_IN the_ATI H02 225 individual_NN and_CC to_IN society_NN ._. H02 226 ^ drug_NN habituation_NN (_( habit_NN )_) is_BEZ a_AT condition_NN H02 226 resulting_VBG from_IN the_ATI H02 227 repeated_JJ consumption_NN of_IN a_AT drug_NN ._. H03 2 this_DT arrangement_NN has_HVZ proved_VBN helpful_JJ ,_, H03 2 particularly_RB when_WRB the_ATI teacher_NN H03 3 of_IN the_ATI class_NN takes_VBZ both_ABX sections_NNS ._. H03 4 ^ it_PP3 is_BEZ still_RB all_RB too_QL common_JJ to_TO find_VB H03 4 that_CS two_CD or_CC more_AP teachers_NNS have_HV H03 5 to_TO share_VB the_ATI instruction_NN of_IN the_ATI same_AP class_NN H03 5 ._. ^ while_CS the_ATI staffing_NN H03 6 position_NN may_MD occasionally_RB make_VB this_DT inevitable_JJ ,_, H03 6 it_PP3 is_BEZ rarely_RB a_AT H03 7 satisfactory_JJ measure_NN and_CC should_MD be_BE avoided_VBN H03 7 wherever_WRB possible_JJ ,_, H03 8 especially_RB with_IN first-year_JJB classes_NNS ._. H03 9 ^ modern_JJ language_NN specialists_NNS have_HV as_IN part_NN of_IN H03 9 their_PP$ training_NN to_TO H03 10 spend_VB a_AT considerable_JJ period_NN in_IN the_ATI country_NN H03 10 whose_WP$R language_NN they_PP3AS are_BER H03 11 principally_RB engaged_VBN in_IN teaching_VBG ._. ^ it_PP3 is_BEZ H03 11 encouraging_JJ to_TO note_VB that_CS a_AT H03 12 commendable_JJ number_NN of_IN teachers_NNS continue_VB to_TO go_VB H03 12 abroad_RB regularly_RB in_TO H03 13 order_TO" to_TO" further_VB their_PP$ own_AP knowledge_NN of_IN the_ATI H03 13 language_NN and_CC to_TO maintain_VB H03 14 contacts_NNS with_IN the_ATI country_NN ._. ^ more_AP teachers_NNS H03 14 than_CS formerly_RB now_RN complete_VB H03 15 the_ATI requirements_NNS of_IN residence_NN abroad_RB for_IN a_AT H03 15 second_OD or_CC even_RB a_AT third_OD H03 16 language_NN ;_; the_ATI recent_JJ reduction_NN in_IN the_ATI period_NN H03 16 of_IN residence_NN required_VBN of_IN H03 17 honours_NNS graduates_NNS for_IN recognition_NN in_IN a_AT second_OD H03 17 language_NN is_BEZ undoubtedly_RB H03 18 making_VBG this_DT easier_JJR to_TO accomplish_VB ._. H03 19 ^ foreign_JJ assistants_NNS (_( French_JNP ,_, German_JNP ,_, H03 19 Swiss_JNP ,_, Austrian_JNP ,_, Spanish_JNP ,_, and_CC H03 20 Italian_JNP )_) are_BER being_BEG employed_VBN in_IN increasing_JJ H03 20 numbers_NNS throughout_IN the_ATI H03 21 country_NN ._. ^ this_DT session_NN there_EX are_BER in_IN all_ABN H03 21 126_CD such_ABL assistants_NNS ._. ^ through_IN H03 22 their_PP$ own_AP personal_JJ knowledge_NN and_CC experience_NN H03 22 these_DTS young_JJ assistants_NNS can_MD H03 23 do_DO much_AP to_TO bring_VB to_IN life_NN the_ATI study_NN of_IN H03 23 their_PP$ home_NR country_NN and_CC they_PP3AS can_MD H03 24 give_VB the_ATI pupils_NNS valuable_JJ practice_NN in_IN H03 24 understanding_VBG and_CC speaking_VBG the_ATI H03 25 foreign_JJ language_NN ._. ^ they_PP3AS are_BER usually_RB students_NNS H03 25 ,_, not_XNOT trained_JJ teachers_NNS ,_, H03 26 and_CC consequently_RB their_PP$ work_NN is_BEZ most_QL effective_JJ H03 26 when_WRB they_PP3AS receive_VB H03 27 adequate_JJ help_NN and_CC guidance_NN from_IN the_ATI regular_JJ H03 27 teachers_NNS ._. H03 28 ^ a_AP few_AP" exchanges_NNS have_HV also_RB been_BEN arranged_VBN H03 28 between_IN Scottish_JNP and_CC H03 29 foreign_JJ practising_JJ teachers_NNS and_CC have_HV ,_, on_IN the_ATI H03 29 whole_NN ,_, been_BEN very_QL H03 30 successful_JJ ._. H03 31 ^ accommodation_NN and_CC equipment_NN ._. H03 32 ^ accommodation_NN ,_, although_CS still_RB restricted_VBN in_IN H03 32 some_DTI schools_NNS ,_, has_HVZ H03 33 mainly_RB been_BEN adequate_JJ and_CC with_IN the_ATI building_NN of_IN H03 33 new_JJ schools_NNS and_CC the_ATI H03 34 modernization_NN of_IN others_APS there_EX has_HVZ recently_RB been_BEN H03 34 a_AT marked_JJ improvement_NN H03 35 in_IN teaching_NN conditions_NNS throughout_IN the_ATI country_NN ._. ^ H03 35 the_ATI majority_NN of_IN H03 36 teachers_NNS now_RN have_HV a_AT room_NN of_IN their_PP$ own_AP ,_, H03 36 in_IN which_WDTR they_PP3AS can_MD *-_*- and_CC H03 37 frequently_RB do_DO *-_*- develop_VB an_AT appropriate_JJ background_NN H03 37 as_IN an_AT aid_NN to_IN their_PP$ H03 38 instruction_NN by_IN the_ATI use_NN of_IN wall_NN pictures_NNS ,_, H03 38 posters_NNS ,_, maps_NNS ,_, models_NNS ,_, H03 39 reference_NN books_NNS ,_, and_CC the_ATI like_NN ._. ^ the_ATI H03 39 number_NN and_CC variety_NN of_IN wall-maps_NNS H03 40 provided_VBN is_BEZ ,_, however_RB ,_, disappointing_JJ ._. ^ the_ATI H03 40 importance_NN for_IN the_ATI H03 41 development_NN of_IN good_JJ oral_JJ work_NN of_IN allocating_VBG to_IN H03 41 modern_JJ language_NN H03 42 teachers_NNS rooms_NNS which_WDTR are_BER relatively_RB free_JJ from_IN H03 42 outside_JJB noise_NN and_CC H03 43 disturbance_NN has_HVZ not_XNOT always_RB been_BEN sufficiently_RB H03 43 appreciated_VBN ._. H03 44 ^ both_ABX the_ATI quality_NN and_CC the_ATI supply_NN of_IN H03 44 text-books_NNS have_HV improved_VBN H03 45 greatly_RB of_RB late_RB" ._. ^ in_RB particular_RB" ,_, there_EX H03 45 has_HVZ been_BEN a_AT welcome_JJ increase_NN in_IN H03 46 the_ATI provision_NN of_IN supplementary_JJ reading_NN material_NN ._. ^ H03 46 the_ATI co-operation_NN of_IN H03 47 educational_JJ publishers_NNS in_IN meeting_VBG the_ATI demand_NN H03 47 for_IN more_QL modern_JJ and_CC more_QL H03 48 attractive_JJ books_NNS is_BEZ much_RB appreciated_VBN ._. ^ library_NN H03 48 facilities_NNS in_IN modern_JJ H03 49 languages_NNS vary_VB greatly_RB from_IN school_NN to_IN school_NN ._. ^ H03 49 in_IN some_DTI schools_NNS only_RB a_AP H03 50 few_AP" dictionaries_NNS and_CC reference_NN books_NNS are_BER H03 50 available_JJ ,_, while_CS in_IN others_APS H03 51 there_EX is_BEZ an_AT ample_JJ supply_NN of_IN suitable_JJ books_NNS H03 51 ._. ^ particularly_RB in_IN some_DTI of_IN H03 52 the_ATI new_JJ schools_NNS ,_, a_AT stock_NN of_IN attractive_JJ H03 52 books_NNS likely_JJ to_TO appeal_VB to_IN the_ATI H03 53 younger_JJR pupils_NNS has_HVZ been_BEN built_VBN up_RP in_IN H03 53 addition_NN to_IN the_ATI more_QL usual_JJ works_NNS H03 54 for_IN the_ATI older_JJR pupils_NNS ._. ^ the_ATI use_NN of_IN H03 54 dictionaries_NNS with_IN simple_JJ definitions_NNS H03 55 in_IN the_ATI foreign_JJ language_NN seems_VBZ to_TO be_BE growing_VBG H03 55 and_CC is_BEZ to_TO be_BE recommended_VBN ._. H03 56 ^ a_AT number_NN of_IN schools_NNS now_RN spend_VB part_NN of_IN H03 56 their_PP$ library_NN allocation_NN on_IN H03 57 subscriptions_NNS to_IN worthwhile_JJ foreign_JJ magazines_NNS and_CC H03 57 have_HV found_VBN that_CS H03 58 these_DTS prove_VB both_ABX useful_JJ and_CC popular_JJ ._. H03 59 ^ most_AP secondary_JJ schools_NNS possess_VB various_JJ teaching_NN H03 59 aids_NNS such_IN as_IN" H03 60 wireless_JJ sets_NNS ,_, record-players_NNS ,_, tape-recorders_NNS ,_, H03 60 and_CC film_NN or_CC film-strip_NN H03 61 projectors_NNS ._. ^ many_AP modern_JJ language_NN teachers_NNS make_VB H03 61 occasional_JJ use_NN of_IN H03 62 these_DTS aids_NNS ,_, but_CC only_RB a_AP few_AP" use_VB them_PP3OS H03 62 systematically_RB as_IN an_AT integral_JJ part_NN H03 63 of_IN their_PP$ work_NN ._. H03 64 ^ courses_NNS in_IN modern_JJ languages_NNS ._. H03 65 ^ syllabuses_NNS for_IN certificate_NN courses_NNS are_BER at_IN H03 65 present_NN being_BEG H03 66 re-organised_VBN because_IN of_IN" the_ATI forthcoming_JJ H03 66 introduction_NN of_IN the_ATI new_JJ H03 67 ordinary_JJ grade_NN of_IN the_ATI Scottish_JNP certificate_NN of_IN H03 67 education_NN ._. ^ until_IN now_RN ,_, H03 68 in_IN far_RB too_QL many_AP schools_NNS ,_, there_EX has_HVZ been_BEN H03 68 little_AP differentiation_NN between_IN H03 69 the_ATI language_NN courses_NNS planned_VBN for_IN the_ATI ablest_JJT H03 69 sections_NNS and_CC those_DTS H03 70 followed_VBN by_IN the_ATI other_AP sections_NNS ._. ^ where_WRB a_AT H03 70 difference_NN has_HVZ been_BEN made_VBN ,_, it_PP3 H03 71 has_HVZ often_RB been_BEN no_ATI more_AP than_CS that_CS the_ATI H03 71 lowest_JJT sections_NNS in_IN any_DTI given_JJ year_NN H03 72 have_HV been_BEN allowed_VBN to_TO proceed_VB at_IN a_AT rather_RB H03 72 slower_JJR speed_NN but_CC with_IN no_ATI H03 73 modification_NN of_IN the_ATI content_NN of_IN the_ATI course_NN or_CC H03 73 of_IN the_ATI methods_NNS used_VBN ._. ^ it_PP3 H03 74 seems_VBZ unlikely_JJ that_CS schools_NNS will_MD meantime_RB make_VB H03 74 fundamental_JJ changes_NNS in_IN H03 75 the_ATI modern_JJ language_NN syllabuses_NNS designed_VBN for_IN H03 75 their_PP$ ablest_JJT pupils_NNS ,_, but_CC H03 76 already_RB more_AP courses_NNS are_BER being_BEG planned_VBN H03 76 specifically_RB to_TO meet_VB the_ATI needs_NNS H03 77 of_IN those_DTS pupils_NNS who_WPR ,_, at_RB least_RB" in_IN the_ATI H03 77 first_OD instance_NN ,_, are_BER unlikely_JJ to_TO H03 78 pursue_VB the_ATI study_NN of_IN a_AT language_NN to_IN the_ATI H03 78 highest_JJT level_NN ._. ^ this_DT H03 79 diversification_NN of_IN syllabuses_NNS is_BEZ welcome_JJ ._. ^ it_PP3 H03 79 can_MD be_BE carried_VBN out_RP all_RB H03 80 the_ATI more_QL easily_RB now_CS that_CS" few_AP schools_NNS set_VB H03 80 a_AT common_JJ examination_NN for_IN all_ABN H03 81 the_ATI classes_NNS in_IN each_DT year_NN and_CC there_EX is_BEZ in_IN H03 81 consequence_NN no_RB longer_RBR any_DTI H03 82 necessity_NN for_IN all_ABN groups_NNS to_TO attempt_VB to_TO cover_VB H03 82 exactly_RB the_ATI same_AP work_NN in_IN H03 83 the_ATI same_AP time_NN ._. ^ if_CS more_QL suitable_JJ courses_NNS H03 83 are_BER developed_VBN ,_, it_PP3 is_BEZ to_TO be_BE H03 84 hoped_VBN that_CS many_AP of_IN those_DTS pupils_NNS who_WPR at_IN H03 84 present_NN are_BER discouraged_VBN by_IN H03 85 their_PP$ inability_NN to_TO keep_VB abreast_RB of_IN the_ATI work_NN H03 85 set_VBN may_MD find_VB it_PP3 possible_JJ H03 86 to_TO continue_VB their_PP$ language_NN study_NN with_IN profit_NN ._. H03 87 ^ in_IN some_DTI junior_JJ secondary_JJ schools_NNS and_CC H03 87 departments_NNS the_ATI syllabus_NN has_HVZ H03 88 been_BEN essentially_RB the_ATI same_AP as_CS if_CS the_ATI pupils_NNS H03 88 were_BED to_TO become_VB candidates_NNS H03 89 for_IN the_ATI Scottish_JNP leaving_NN certificate_NN examination_NN H03 89 and_CC it_PP3 has_HVZ proved_VBN H03 90 much_RB too_QL difficult_JJ for_IN the_ATI pupils_NNS concerned_VBN ._. H03 90 ^ in_IN a_AT number_NN of_IN others_APS ,_, H03 91 however_RB ,_, there_EX has_HVZ been_BEN an_AT encouraging_JJ effort_NN H03 91 to_TO develop_VB H03 92 non-examination_JJB courses_NNS which_WDTR would_MD be_BE more_RBR H03 92 in_IN keeping_NN with_IN the_ATI needs_NNS H03 93 and_CC interests_NNS of_IN the_ATI pupils_NNS ._. ^ much_AP has_HVZ H03 93 been_BEN done_VBN to_TO awaken_VB interest_NN in_IN H03 94 the_ATI foreign_JJ country_NN ._. ^ the_ATI approach_NN to_IN the_ATI H03 94 language_NN itself_PPL has_HVZ been_BEN H03 95 lively_JJ ,_, good_JJ use_NN being_BEG made_VBN of_IN activity_NN H03 95 methods_NNS and_CC of_IN whatever_WDT H03 96 ancillary_JJ aids_NNS were_BED available_JJ ._. ^ the_ATI main_JJB H03 96 emphasis_NN has_HVZ been_BEN placed_VBN on_IN H03 97 learning_VBG to_TO understand_VB the_ATI spoken_JJ and_CC written_JJ H03 97 language_NN and_CC to_TO speak_VB it_PP3 H03 98 simply_RB but_CC naturally_RB ._. ^ the_ATI results_NNS in_IN H03 98 classes_NNS following_VBG such_ABL courses_NNS H03 99 suggest_VB that_CS further_JJB experiment_NN along_IN these_DTS and_CC H03 99 similar_JJ lines_NNS would_MD H03 100 prove_VB rewarding_JJ ._. ^ it_PP3 is_BEZ possible_JJ that_CS some_DTI H03 100 of_IN the_ATI pupils_NNS in_IN these_DTS H03 101 classes_NNS may_MD continue_VB at_IN school_NN and_CC sit_VB the_ATI H03 101 ordinary_JJ grade_NN of_IN the_ATI H03 102 Scottish_JNP certificate_NN of_IN education_NN ._. ^ the_ATI type_NN H03 102 of_RB course_RB" they_PP3AS have_HV been_BEN H03 103 following_VBG should_MD form_VB a_AT sound_JJ basis_NN for_IN H03 103 ordinary_JJ grade_NN studies_NNS H03 104 provided_CS the_ATI pupils_NNS have_HV the_ATI necessary_JJ H03 104 linguistic_JJ ability_NN to_TO proceed_VB H03 105 to_IN the_ATI examination_NN ._. H03 106 ^ the_ATI work_NN of_IN the_ATI schools_NNS ._. H03 107 ^ if_CS one_CD1 considers_VBZ as_IN a_AT whole_NN the_ATI work_NN H03 107 done_VBN in_IN modern_JJ languages_NNS H03 108 in_IN Scottish_JNP schools_NNS during_IN the_ATI last_AP few_AP H03 108 years_NNS ,_, there_EX is_BEZ no_ATI doubt_NN that_CS H03 109 the_ATI most_QL significant_JJ advance_NN has_HVZ been_BEN in_IN H03 109 the_ATI field_NN of_IN understanding_NN by_IN H03 110 ear_NN and_CC speaking_VBG the_ATI foreign_JJ language_NN ._. ^ this_DT H03 110 does_DOZ not_XNOT mean_VB that_CS there_EX H03 111 is_BEZ no_ATI room_NN for_IN further_JJB improvement_NN ,_, but_CC H03 111 certainly_RB much_AP has_HVZ already_RB H03 112 been_BEN accomplished_VBN ._. ^ the_ATI progress_NN in_IN this_DT H03 112 aspect_NN of_IN language_NN learning_NN H03 113 is_BEZ most_QL noticeable_JJ in_IN the_ATI ready_JJ understanding_NN H03 113 and_CC willing_JJ response_NN of_IN H03 114 pupils_NNS in_IN the_ATI early_JJ years_NNS of_IN both_ABX junior_JJ H03 114 and_CC senior_JJ secondary_JJ schools_NNS H03 115 and_CC again_RB in_IN the_ATI fluency_NN and_CC confidence_NN with_IN H03 115 which_WDTR some_DTI of_IN the_ATI pupils_NNS H03 116 from_IN the_ATI highest_JJT classes_NNS express_VB themselves_PPLS H03 116 when_WRB they_PP3AS go_VB abroad_RB and_CC in_IN H03 117 their_PP$ general_JJ ability_NN to_TO profit_VB from_IN these_DTS H03 117 visits_NNS ._. ^ on_IN the_ATI other_AP hand_NN ,_, H03 118 the_ATI most_QL disappointing_JJ part_NN of_IN the_ATI course_NN in_IN H03 118 a_AT considerable_JJ number_NN of_IN H03 119 schools_NNS is_BEZ the_ATI period_NN preceding_VBG the_ATI Scottish_JNP H03 119 leaving_NN certificate_NN H03 120 examination_NN ._. ^ this_DT is_BEZ probably_RB due_JJ to_IN two_CD H03 120 factors_NNS ._. ^ in_IN the_ATI first_OD H03 121 place_NN ,_, many_AP pupils_NNS have_HV initially_RB been_BEN H03 121 pushed_VBN on_RP too_QL rapidly_RB ,_, with_IN the_ATI H03 122 result_NN that_CS much_AP of_IN the_ATI basic_JJ work_NN has_HVZ H03 122 not_XNOT been_BEN adequately_RB H03 123 consolidated_VBN and_CC the_ATI weaknesses_NNS become_VB more_QL H03 123 evident_JJ as_CS the_ATI course_NN H03 124 proceeds_VBZ ._. ^ in_IN the_ATI second_OD place_NN ,_, many_AP H03 124 teachers_NNS are_BER not_XNOT convinced_VBN that_CS H03 125 the_ATI methods_NNS they_PP3AS have_HV been_BEN using_VBG in_IN the_ATI H03 125 early_JJ years_NNS can_MD lead_VB to_IN good_JJ H03 126 examination_NN results_NNS ,_, and_CC they_PP3AS therefore_RB H03 126 discard_VB them_PP3OS in_IN favour_NN of_IN more_QL H03 127 traditional_JJ methods_NNS ._. ^ in_IN consequence_NN of_IN this_DT H03 127 abrupt_JJ change_NN ,_, much_AP of_IN H03 128 the_ATI valuable_JJ work_NN done_VBN in_IN the_ATI first_OD two_CD H03 128 years_NNS is_BEZ lost_VBN and_CC the_ATI results_NNS H03 129 obtained_VBN are_BER generally_RB far_RB from_RB" commensurate_JJ H03 129 with_IN the_ATI effort_NN expended_VBN H03 130 by_IN both_ABX teachers_NNS and_CC pupils_NNS ._. ^ this_DT is_BEZ H03 130 fortunately_RB not_XNOT true_JJ of_IN all_ABN H03 131 schools_NNS ._. ^ where_WRB there_EX has_HVZ been_BEN adequate_JJ H03 131 consolidation_NN and_CC development_NN H03 132 of_IN the_ATI work_NN has_HVZ been_BEN uninterrupted_JJ throughout_IN H03 132 the_ATI course_NN ,_, the_ATI pupils_NNS H03 133 have_HV shown_VBN that_CS the_ATI examination_NN is_BEZ well_RB H03 133 within_IN their_PP$ reach_NN and_CC have_HV in_IN H03 134 addition_NN usually_RB developed_VBN a_AT genuine_JJ interest_NN in_IN H03 134 both_ABX the_ATI language_NN and_CC H03 135 the_ATI country_NN ._. H03 136 ^ in_TO order_TO" to_TO" give_VB a_AT more_QL detailed_JJ H03 136 appraisal_NN of_IN the_ATI work_NN done_VBN in_IN H03 137 modern_JJ language_NN courses_NNS ,_, it_PP3 is_BEZ convenient_JJ to_TO H03 137 consider_VB separately_RB the_ATI H03 138 different_JJ facets_NNS of_IN language_NN study_NN ._. ^ H03 138 nevertheless_RB it_PP3 must_MD be_BE H03 139 emphasized_VBN that_CS ,_, if_CS language_NN teaching_NN is_BEZ to_TO H03 139 be_BE successful_JJ ,_, there_EX can_MD H03 140 be_BE no_ATI question_NN of_IN dividing_VBG up_RP the_ATI work_NN H03 140 into_IN rigid_JJ compartments_NNS ._. ^ it_PP3 is_BEZ H03 141 essential_JJ that_CS all_ABN activities_NNS should_MD be_BE closely_RB H03 141 integrated_VBN so_CS that_CS" the_ATI H03 142 language_NN always_RB remains_VBZ a_AT living_JJ entity_NN ._. H03 143 ^ as_CS has_HVZ already_RB been_BEN indicated_VBN ,_, there_EX H03 143 have_HV been_BEN significant_JJ H03 144 advances_NNS in_IN the_ATI oral_JJ and_CC aural_JJ aspects_NNS of_IN H03 144 language_NN teaching_NN in_IN H03 145 the_ATI early_JJ years_NNS of_IN the_ATI course_NN ._. ^ the_ATI H03 145 initial_JJ training_NN in_IN pronunciation_NN H03 146 is_BEZ usually_RB carefully_RB given_VBN and_CC practised_VBN ._. ^ H03 146 syllabification_NN and_CC the_ATI H03 147 typical_JJ intonation_NN of_IN the_ATI foreign_JJ language_NN ,_, H03 147 however_RB ,_, are_BER rarely_RB taught_VBN H03 148 with_IN equal_JJ thoroughness_NN ,_, so_CS that_CS" what_WDT is_BEZ H03 148 said_VBN often_RB sounds_VBZ less_QL H03 149 convincing_JJ than_CS it_PP3 otherwise_RB would_MD ._. ^ instruction_NN H03 149 in_IN many_AP schools_NNS is_BEZ ,_, H03 150 in_IN the_ATI early_JJ stages_NNS ,_, based_VBN on_IN the_ATI H03 150 regular_JJ use_NN of_IN the_ATI spoken_JJ language_NN H03 151 in_IN class_NN and_CC on_IN oral_JJ practice_NN of_IN common_JJ H03 151 vocabulary_NN and_CC speech_NN H03 152 patterns_NNS ._. ^ by_IN the_ATI end_NN of_IN the_ATI second_OD year_NN H03 152 ,_, pupils_NNS in_IN these_DTS schools_NNS show_VB H03 153 a_AT pleasing_JJ ability_NN to_TO understand_VB the_ATI spoken_JJ H03 153 language_NN and_CC some_DTI H03 154 confidence_NN in_IN speaking_VBG it_PP3 within_IN the_ATI limits_NNS H03 154 of_IN their_PP$ naturally_RB H03 155 restricted_JJ vocabulary_NN ._. ^ these_DTS results_NNS are_BER all_RB H03 155 the_ATI more_QL praiseworthy_JJ H03 156 because_CS it_PP3 is_BEZ in_IN these_DTS early_JJ years_NNS that_CS H03 156 the_ATI teachers_NNS frequently_RB have_HV H03 157 to_TO contend_VB with_IN very_QL large_JJ numbers_NNS of_IN pupils_NNS H03 157 in_IN each_DT class_NN ._. H03 158 ^ in_IN the_ATI later_JJR years_NNS the_ATI pupils_NNS continue_VB H03 158 to_TO develop_VB their_PP$ H03 159 understanding_NN of_IN the_ATI spoken_JJ language_NN and_CC seem_VB H03 159 to_TO find_VB this_DT one_CD1 of_IN the_ATI H03 160 most_QL enjoyable_JJ parts_NNS of_IN their_PP$ language_NN work_NN ._. ^ H03 160 sometimes_RB too_QL much_AP time_NN H03 161 is_BEZ spent_VBN on_IN aural_JJ comprehension_NN as_IN a_AT separate_JJ H03 161 activity_NN ,_, but_CC more_AP and_CC H03 162 more_AP teachers_NNS are_BER discarding_VBG this_DT practice_NN H03 162 since_CS they_PP3AS have_HV realized_VBN H03 163 that_CS ,_, if_CS they_PP3AS regularly_RB use_VB the_ATI spoken_JJ H03 163 language_NN in_IN class_NN and_CC H03 164 occasionally_RB read_VB aloud_RB a_AT short_JJ passage_NN from_IN H03 164 the_ATI reading_NN book_NN or_CC some_DTI H03 165 other_AP text_NN ,_, they_PP3AS do_DO not_XNOT require_VB to_TO H03 165 devote_VB much_AP time_NN to_IN formal_JJ tests_NNS of_IN H03 166 aural_JJ comprehension_NN ._. ^ practice_NN in_IN listening_VBG to_IN H03 166 new_JJ voices_NNS is_BEZ given_VBN in_IN H03 167 a_AT considerable_JJ number_NN of_IN schools_NNS by_IN the_ATI use_NN H03 167 of_IN broadcast_JJ lessons_NNS and_CC H03 168 with_IN the_ATI help_NN of_IN the_ATI foreign_JJ assistant_NN ._. ^ H03 168 these_DTS lessons_NNS are_BER most_QL H03 169 effective_JJ if_CS they_PP3AS are_BER not_XNOT isolated_VBN from_IN H03 169 the_ATI rest_NN of_IN the_ATI work_NN but_CC are_BER H03 170 followed_VBN up_RP in_IN later_JJR lessons_NNS ,_, and_CC used_VBN ,_, H03 170 for_IN example_NN ,_, as_IN a_AT basis_NN for_IN H03 171 conversation_NN ,_, vocabulary_NN work_NN ,_, or_CC free_JJ H03 171 composition_NN ._. H03 172 ^ the_ATI initial_JJ oral_JJ training_NN is_BEZ too_QL rarely_RB H03 172 continued_VBN and_CC developed_VBN H03 173 in_IN the_ATI later_JJR stages_NNS and_CC many_AP pupils_NNS do_DO H03 173 not_XNOT progress_VB beyond_IN the_ATI H03 174 standard_NN of_IN speech_NN they_PP3AS had_HVD reached_VBN by_IN H03 174 the_ATI end_NN of_IN the_ATI second_OD year_NN ._. H03 175 ^ many_AP teachers_NNS feel_VB that_CS they_PP3AS can_MD not_XNOT H03 175 afford_VB the_ATI time_NN necessary_JJ for_IN the_ATI H03 176 development_NN of_IN oral_JJ work_NN ,_, but_CC in_IN most_AP cases_NNS H03 176 it_PP3 is_BEZ not_XNOT additional_JJ time_NN H03 177 which_WDTR is_BEZ required_VBN so_QL much_RB as_IN more_QL H03 177 systematic_JJ and_CC purposeful_JJ training_NN H03 178 in_IN the_ATI correct_JJ use_NN of_IN more_QL difficult_JJ speech_NN H03 178 forms_NNS ._. ^ for_IN example_NN ,_, the_ATI H03 179 time_NN which_WDTR is_BEZ so_QL often_RB spent_VBN on_IN cursory_JJ H03 179 and_CC frequently_RB inaccurate_JJ oral_JJ H03 180 reading_NN of_IN long_JJ passages_NNS could_MD be_BE better_RBR H03 180 applied_VBN to_IN developing_VBG the_ATI H03 181 pupils'_NNS$ command_NN of_IN the_ATI spoken_JJ language_NN and_CC H03 181 to_IN bringing_VBG into_IN regular_JJ H03 182 use_NN some_DTI of_IN the_ATI new_JJ structures_NNS and_CC H03 182 vocabulary_NN that_WPR occur_VB in_IN the_ATI H03 183 various_JJ texts_NNS studied_VBN ._. ^ such_ABL oral_JJ practice_NN H03 183 serves_VBZ to_TO promote_VB oral_JJ H03 184 fluency_NN and_CC accuracy_NN and_CC at_IN the_ATI same_AP time_NN H03 184 it_PP3 paves_VBZ the_ATI way_NN for_IN a_AT H03 185 corresponding_JJ development_NN of_IN written_JJ work_NN ._. ^ not_XNOT H03 185 only_RB is_BEZ bright_JJ ,_, H03 186 vigorous_JJ oral_JJ teaching_NN beneficial_JJ in_IN widening_VBG H03 186 the_ATI knowledge_NN of_IN the_ATI H03 187 language_NN ,_, but_CC it_PP3 also_RB has_HVZ a_AT most_QL H03 187 stimulating_JJ effect_NN on_IN the_ATI pupils'_NNS$ H03 188 morale_NN and_CC willingness_NN to_TO learn_VB ._. H03 189 ^ one_CD1 other_AP aspect_NN of_IN oral_JJ work_NN *-_*- the_ATI H03 189 memorization_NN and_CC speaking_NN of_IN H03 190 prose_NN and_CC verse_NN *-_*- tends_VBZ to_TO be_BE considered_VBN H03 190 by_IN many_AP teachers_NNS as_IN quite_RB H03 191 extraneous_JJ to_IN the_ATI normal_JJ class_NN work_NN ._. ^ some_DTI H03 191 teachers_NNS ,_, however_RB ,_, are_BER H03 192 making_VBG good_JJ use_NN in_IN the_ATI earlier_JJR years_NNS of_IN H03 192 the_ATI learning_NN by_IN heart_NN of_IN H03 193 short_JJ ,_, carefully_RB chosen_JJ passages_NNS from_IN the_ATI H03 193 course-book_NN or_CC the_ATI reader_NN or_CC H03 194 of_IN short_JJ dramatic_JJ scenes_NNS as_IN a_AT means_NN of_IN H03 194 consolidating_VBG new_JJ points_NNS of_IN H03 195 grammar_NN ,_, of_IN increasing_VBG vocabulary_NN ,_, and_CC of_IN H03 195 encouraging_VBG correctness_NN and_CC H03 196 fluency_NN of_IN speech_NN ._. H04 2 nevertheless_RB ,_, average_JJ net_JJB family_NN income_NN was_BEDZ H04 2 appreciably_RB higher_JJR in_IN H04 3 families_NNS with_IN several_AP children_NNS than_CS in_IN those_DTS H04 3 with_IN only_RB one_CD1 ,_, many_AP of_IN H04 4 which_WDTR were_BED incomplete_JJ families_NNS of_IN younger_JJR H04 4 parents_NNS with_IN lower_JJR earnings_NNS ,_, H04 5 and_CC of_RB course_RB" with_IN lower_JJR tax_NN reliefs_NNS and_CC H04 5 no_ATI family_NN allowances_NNS ._. ^ the_ATI H04 6 rise_NN in_IN net_JJB family_NN incomes_NNS between_IN 1954_CD and_CC H04 6 1959_CD was_BEDZ greatest_JJT for_IN H04 7 childless_JJ couples_NNS ,_, especially_RB older_JJR couples_NNS (_( H04 7 probably_RB because_IN of_IN" the_ATI H04 8 increase_NN in_IN retirement_NN pensions_NNS )_) ,_, and_CC somewhat_RB H04 8 greater_JJR in_IN small_JJ than_CS H04 9 in_IN large_JJ families_NNS ._. H04 10 ^ expenditure_NN and_CC consumption_NN ._. H04 11 ^ 69_CD ._. ^ table_NN 24_CD gives_VBZ indices_NNS of_IN domestic_JJ H04 11 food_NN expenditure_NN per_IN H04 12 head_NN and_CC quantities_NNS purchased_VBN by_IN older_JJR and_CC H04 12 younger_JJR couples_NNS and_CC H04 13 families_NNS with_IN different_JJ numbers_NNS of_IN children_NNS ,_, H04 13 with_IN 1954_CD as_IN the_ATI base_NN H04 14 year_NN ._. ^ the_ATI quantity_NN index_NN was_BEDZ calculated_VBN H04 14 by_IN dividing_VBG the_ATI expenditure_NN H04 15 index_NN by_IN a_AT price_NN index_NN of_IN the_ATI *'_*' Fisher_NP H04 15 ideal_NN **'_**' type_NN ,_, constructed_VBN for_IN H04 16 each_DT group_NN separately_RB ._. ^ the_ATI quantity_NN index_NN H04 16 is_BEZ thus_RB confined_VBN to_IN food_NN H04 17 purchases_NNS and_CC takes_VBZ no_ATI account_NN of_IN changes_NNS H04 17 in_IN free_JJ supplies_NNS ._. ^ compared_VBN H04 18 with_IN 1958_CD ,_, the_ATI expenditure_NN index_NN for_IN 1959_CD H04 18 showed_VBD increases_NNS of_IN 4_CD to_IN 6_CD H04 19 per_NNU cent_NNU" for_IN couples_NNS without_IN children_NNS and_CC H04 19 those_DTS with_IN one_CD1 child_NN ,_, and_CC H04 20 much_RB smaller_JJR changes_NNS for_IN couples_NNS with_IN several_AP H04 20 children_NNS ._. ^ the_ATI quantity_NN H04 21 index_NN ,_, which_WDTR has_HVZ risen_VBN only_RB slowly_RB since_IN H04 21 1956_CD ,_, was_BEDZ almost_RB unchanged_JJ in_IN H04 22 1959_CD for_IN couples_NNS with_IN two_CD or_CC more_AP children_NNS H04 22 ,_, but_CC rose_VBD by_IN 3_CD per_NNU cent_NNU" in_IN H04 23 the_ATI older_JJR two-adult_JJB households_NNS and_CC by_IN 1-2_CD-CD H04 23 per_NNU cent_NNU" for_IN younger_JJR H04 24 childless_JJ couples_NNS and_CC couples_NNS with_IN one_CD1 child_NN H04 24 ._. H04 26 ^ 70_CD ._. ^ table_NN 27_CD gives_VBZ the_ATI total_JJ domestic_JJ H04 26 food_NN expenditure_NN and_CC H04 27 value_NN of_IN consumption_NN per_IN person_NN per_IN week_NN in_IN H04 27 1959_CD in_IN households_NNS of_IN H04 28 different_JJ composition_NN ._. ^ percentage_NN standard_JJ errors_NNS H04 28 of_IN these_DTS estimates_NNS H04 29 are_BER given_VBN in_IN table_NN 10_CD of_IN appendix_NN A_ZZ ._. ^ H04 29 all_ABN types_NNS of_IN household_NN spent_VBD H04 30 more_AP than_CS in_IN the_ATI previous_JJ year_NN except_IN H04 30 families_NNS with_IN three_CD children_NNS ,_, H04 31 whose_WP$R expenditure_NN had_HVD risen_VBN sharply_RB in_IN 1958_CD H04 31 ._. ^ the_ATI increases_NNS ranged_VBD H04 32 from_IN 2_CD \0s_NNU 7_CD \0d_NNU per_IN person_NN per_IN week_NN in_IN H04 32 the_ATI residual_JJ group_NN of_IN H04 33 households_NNS with_IN adolescents_NNS but_CC no_ATI children_NNS H04 33 and_CC 1_CD1 \0s_NNU 8_CD \0d_NNU in_IN older_JJR H04 34 two-adult_JJB households_NNS to_IN 4_CD \0d_NNU in_IN the_ATI H04 34 families_NNS with_IN two_CD and_CC with_IN four_CD H04 35 or_CC more_AP children_NNS ._. ^ the_ATI value_NN of_IN free_JJ food_NN H04 35 was_BEDZ greatest_JJT (_( 1_CD1 \0s_NNU 2_CD \0d_NNU to_IN H04 36 1_CD1 \0s_NNU 4_CD \0d_NNU per_IN person_NN per_IN week_NN )_) in_IN H04 36 the_ATI five_CD types_NNS of_IN household_NN H04 37 containing_VBG no_ATI children_NNS ,_, and_CC varied_VBD between_IN H04 37 9_CD \0d_NNU and_CC 11_CD \0d_NNU in_IN H04 38 households_NNS with_IN children_NNS ,_, except_CS in_IN the_ATI H04 38 largest_JJT families_NNS for_IN which_WDTR the_ATI H04 39 average_NN was_BEDZ only_RB 5_CD \0d_NNU ,_, as_CS in_IN 1958_CD ._. ^ H04 39 in_IN families_NNS with_IN three_CD children_NNS ,_, H04 40 the_ATI slight_JJ fall_NN in_IN expenditure_NN was_BEDZ made_VBN H04 40 good_JJ by_IN an_AT increase_NN in_IN the_ATI H04 41 value_NN of_IN free_JJ food_NN ._. ^ the_ATI value_NN of_IN H04 41 consumption_NN per_IN person_NN per_IN week_NN in_IN H04 42 1959_CD ranged_VBD from_IN 41_CD \0s_NNU 7_CD \0d_NNU for_IN H04 42 younger_JJR childless_JJ couples_NNS to_IN 19_CD \0s_NNU H04 43 5_CD \0d_NNU in_IN families_NNS with_IN four_CD or_CC more_AP H04 43 children_NNS ;_; in_IN 1958_CD the_ATI range_NN was_BEDZ H04 44 from_IN 40_CD \0s_NNU 3_CD \0d_NNU to_IN 19_CD \0s_NNU 1_CD1 \0d_NNU H04 45 ._. ^ 71_CD ._. ^ table_NN 27_CD includes_VBZ an_AT index_NN H04 45 comparing_VBG the_ATI *'_*' price_NN of_IN H04 46 energy_NN **'_**' for_IN the_ATI various_JJ types_NNS of_IN H04 46 household_NN with_IN that_DT for_IN all_ABN H04 47 households_NNS in_IN the_ATI sample_NN ._. ^ as_CS in_IN 1958_CD ,_, H04 47 younger_JJR couples_NNS paid_VBD some_DTI 12_CD H04 48 1/2_CD per_NNU cent_NNU" more_AP per_IN calorie_NN than_IN the_ATI H04 48 national_JJ average_NN ,_, and_CC families_NNS H04 49 with_IN four_CD or_CC more_AP children_NNS 19_CD per_NNU cent_NNU" H04 49 less_AP ._. ^ the_ATI only_AP substantial_JJ H04 50 change_NN was_BEDZ in_IN families_NNS with_IN three_CD children_NNS ,_, H04 50 for_IN whom_WPOR the_ATI index_NN H04 51 declined_VBD from_IN 91_CD to_IN 88_CD ._. ^ table_NN 27_CD also_RB H04 51 shows_VBZ the_ATI corresponding_JJ values_NNS H04 52 of_IN an_AT index_NN which_WDTR compares_VBZ the_ATI prices_NNS H04 52 paid_VBN by_IN different_JJ types_NNS of_IN H04 53 household_NN for_IN the_ATI commodities_NNS constituting_VBG the_ATI H04 53 average_JJ household_NN diet_NN H04 54 in_IN 1959_CD ._. ^ for_IN all_ABN foods_NNS the_ATI range_NN was_BEDZ H04 54 from_IN 3.6_CD per_NNU cent_NNU" above_IN the_ATI H04 55 national_JJ average_NN in_IN younger_JJR two-adult_JJB households_NNS H04 55 to_IN 4.8_CD per_NNU cent_NNU" below_RI H04 56 in_IN families_NNS with_IN four_CD or_CC more_AP children_NNS ,_, H04 56 compared_VBN with_IN +3.6_CD to_IN -5.4_CD per_NNU H04 57 cent_NNU" in_IN 1958_CD and_CC +2.8_CD to_IN -2.6_CD per_NNU cent_NNU" H04 57 in_IN 1957_CD ._. ^ as_CS with_IN the_ATI price_NN of_IN H04 58 energy_NN index_NN ,_, the_ATI only_AP noteworthy_JJ change_NN was_BEDZ H04 58 for_IN households_NNS with_IN three_CD H04 59 children_NNS ,_, in_IN which_WDTR the_ATI index_NN fell_VBD by_IN H04 59 1.8_CD to_IN 97.5_CD per_NNU cent_NNU" of_IN the_ATI H04 60 average_NN for_IN all_ABN households_NNS in_IN the_ATI sample_NN ._. ^ H04 60 the_ATI price_NN ranges_NNS for_IN milk_NN ,_, H04 61 cheese_NN ,_, sugar_NN ,_, bread_NN and_CC flour_NN were_BED very_QL H04 61 narrow_JJ ._. ^ for_IN most_AP other_AP foods_NNS H04 62 younger_JJR childless_JJ couples_NNS paid_VBD the_ATI highest_JJT H04 62 average_JJ prices_NNS and_CC large_JJ H04 63 families_NNS the_ATI lowest_JJT ,_, the_ATI price_NN gradients_NNS H04 63 being_BEG steepest_JJT for_IN carcase_NN H04 64 meat_NN (_( +7_CD to_IN -7_CD per_NNU cent_NNU" )_) ,_, *'_*' other_AP H04 64 **'_**' fish_NN (_( +8_CD to_IN -11_CD )_) ,_, *'_*' other_AP H04 65 **'_**' vegetables_NNS (_( +9_CD to_IN -9_CD )_) and_CC beverages_NNS H04 65 other_AP than_IN tea_NN (_( +12_CD to_IN -16_CD )_) ._. H04 66 ^ 72_CD ._. ^ details_NNS of_IN expenditure_NN and_CC consumption_NN H04 66 per_IN head_NN are_BER given_VBN H04 67 in_IN tables_NNS 28_CD and_CC 29_CD ._. ^ most_AP groups_NNS H04 67 obtained_VBD slightly_RB less_AP liquid_JJ milk_NN H04 68 than_CS in_IN 1958_CD ,_, the_ATI greatest_JJT decrease_NN (_( from_IN H04 68 5.24_CD to_IN 5.08_CD pints_NNS per_IN head_NN H04 69 per_IN week_NN )_) occurring_VBG in_IN younger_JJR two-adult_JJB H04 69 households_NNS ._. ^ table_NN 25_CD H04 70 summarizes_VBZ the_ATI changes_NNS in_IN consumption_NN of_IN liquid_JJ H04 70 milk_NN (_( including_IN H04 71 welfare_NN and_CC school_NN milk_NN )_) between_IN 1954_CD and_CC H04 71 1959_CD by_IN this_DT group_NN and_CC by_IN H04 72 classified_JJ households_NNS containing_VBG children_NNS or_CC H04 72 adolescents_NNS ._. ^ consumption_NN H04 73 by_IN younger_JJR childless_JJ couples_NNS declined_VBD throughout_IN H04 73 this_DT period_NN ,_, but_CC that_DT H04 74 of_IN the_ATI smaller_JJR families_NNS was_BEDZ maintained_VBN H04 74 except_IN for_IN" the_ATI slight_JJ fall_NN in_IN H04 75 1959_CD ._. ^ in_IN the_ATI largest_JJT families_NNS ,_, H04 75 particularly_RB those_DTS containing_VBG four_CD or_CC H04 76 more_AP children_NNS ,_, there_EX was_BEDZ a_AT tendency_NN for_IN H04 76 consumption_NN to_TO increase_VB H04 77 between_IN 1955_CD and_CC 1957_CD ,_, and_CC thereafter_RB to_TO H04 77 decline_VB ._. ^ graduated_JJ scales_NNS of_IN H04 78 family_NN allowances_NNS were_BED introduced_VBN in_IN October_NR H04 78 1956_CD ,_, and_CC the_ATI welfare_NN H04 79 milk_NN subsidy_NN was_BEDZ reduced_VBN in_IN April_NR 1957_CD ._. ^ H04 79 despite_IN appreciably_RB higher_JJR H04 80 average_JJ prices_NNS for_IN natural_JJ cheese_NN in_IN 1959_CD than_CS H04 80 in_IN the_ATI previous_JJ year_NN ,_, H04 81 consumption_NN fell_VBD only_RB slightly_RB in_IN most_AP groups_NNS H04 81 ;_; the_ATI decrease_NN was_BEDZ H04 82 greatest_JJT (_( from_IN 3.68_CD \0oz_NNU to_IN 3.20_CD \0oz_NNU per_IN H04 82 head_NN per_IN week_NN )_) for_IN younger_JJR H04 83 childless_JJ couples_NNS ,_, who_WPR transferred_VBD much_AP of_IN H04 83 their_PP$ demand_NN to_IN cheaper_JJR H04 84 varieties_NNS ._. H04 86 ^ 73_CD ._. ^ all_ABN groups_NNS ,_, except_IN families_NNS H04 86 containing_VBG three_CD or_CC more_AP H04 87 children_NNS ,_, increased_VBD their_PP$ expenditure_NN on_IN meat_NN H04 87 ,_, but_CC total_JJ consumption_NN H04 88 was_BEDZ much_RB the_ATI same_AP as_CS in_IN 1958_CD ,_, although_CS H04 88 there_EX was_BEDZ some_DTI replacement_NN of_IN H04 89 beef_NN (_( which_WDTR continued_VBD to_TO be_BE in_IN short_JJ H04 89 supply_NN )_) by_IN mutton_NN and_CC lamb_NN ._. ^ all_ABN H04 90 groups_NNS spent_VBD more_AP on_IN fish_NN ,_, and_CC most_AP H04 90 increased_VBD their_PP$ consumption_NN ,_, H04 91 particularly_RB of_IN canned_JJ fish_NN ._. ^ eggs_NNS were_BED H04 91 cheaper_JJR than_CS in_IN the_ATI previous_JJ H04 92 year_NN and_CC consumption_NN increased_VBD in_IN nearly_RB all_ABN H04 92 groups_NNS despite_IN fewer_AP free_JJ H04 93 supplies_NNS ._. H04 94 ^ 74_CD ._. ^ all_ABN types_NNS of_IN household_NN substituted_VBD H04 94 margarine_NN for_IN butter_NN H04 95 in_IN 1959_CD because_IN of_IN" higher_JJR butter_NN prices_NNS ,_, H04 95 but_CC all_ABN except_IN the_ATI largest_JJT H04 96 families_NNS continued_VBD to_TO buy_VB more_AP butter_NN than_IN H04 96 margarine_NN ._. ^ total_JJ H04 97 consumption_NN of_IN butter_NN and_CC margarine_NN declined_VBD only_RB H04 97 in_IN households_NNS H04 98 containing_VBG children_NNS ._. ^ the_ATI displacement_NN of_IN H04 98 margarine_NN by_IN butter_NN in_IN 1958_CD ,_, H04 99 when_WRB butter_NN was_BEDZ exceptionally_RB cheap_JJ ,_, appears_VBZ H04 99 to_TO have_HV had_HVN some_DTI lasting_JJ H04 100 effect_NN ;_; the_ATI average_JJ price_NN of_IN butter_NN in_IN 1959_CD H04 100 was_BEDZ higher_JJR than_CS in_IN 1957_CD ,_, H04 101 yet_CC butter_NN purchases_NNS in_IN 1959_CD ,_, although_CS H04 101 smaller_JJR than_CS in_IN 1958_CD ,_, were_BED H04 102 greater_JJR than_CS in_IN 1957_CD except_CS in_IN families_NNS with_IN H04 102 four_CD or_CC more_AP children_NNS or_CC H04 103 with_IN adolescents_NNS but_CC no_ATI children_NNS ._. H04 104 ^ 75_CD ._. ^ the_ATI smaller_JJR families_NNS and_CC the_ATI H04 104 residual_JJ groups_NNS of_IN H04 105 households_NNS containing_VBG children_NNS reduced_VBD their_PP$ H04 105 consumption_NN of_IN sugar_NN and_CC H04 106 of_IN preserves_NNS ,_, but_CC in_IN all_ABN other_AP types_NNS of_IN H04 106 household_NN a_AT decline_NN in_IN H04 107 purchases_NNS of_IN the_ATI one_CD1 was_BEDZ accompanied_VBN by_IN H04 107 an_AT increase_NN in_IN consumption_NN of_IN H04 108 the_ATI other_AP ._. H04 109 ^ 76_CD ._. ^ most_AP groups_NNS spent_VBD slightly_RB less_AP on_IN H04 109 potatoes_NNS than_CS in_IN the_ATI H04 110 previous_JJ year_NN ,_, but_CC consumption_NN was_BEDZ maintained_VBN H04 110 except_CS in_IN families_NNS with_IN H04 111 more_AP than_IN one_CD1 child_NN and_CC in_IN the_ATI unclassified_JJ H04 111 households_NNS with_IN children_NNS H04 112 or_CC adolescents_NNS ._. ^ all_ABN groups_NNS except_IN families_NNS H04 112 with_IN four_CD or_CC more_AP children_NNS H04 113 or_CC with_IN adolescents_NNS but_CC no_ATI children_NNS consumed_VBD H04 113 more_AP fresh_JJ green_JJ H04 114 vegetables_NNS ,_, especially_RB in_IN the_ATI first_OD half_NN of_IN H04 114 the_ATI year_NN ,_, although_CS most_AP H04 115 reduced_VBD their_PP$ consumption_NN of_IN other_AP vegetables_NNS ._. ^ H04 115 purchases_NNS of_IN H04 116 quick-frozen_JJ peas_NNS and_CC beans_NNS generally_RB increased_VBD H04 116 ,_, but_CC extremely_RB wide_JJ H04 117 group_NN differences_NNS persisted_VBD ,_, the_ATI averages_NNS H04 117 ranging_VBG from_IN 0.1_CD \0oz_NNU per_IN H04 118 head_NN per_IN week_NN in_IN families_NNS with_IN four_CD or_CC more_AP H04 118 children_NNS to_IN 0.9_CD \0oz_NNU per_IN H04 119 head_NN in_IN younger_JJR two-adult_JJB households_NNS ;_; average_JJ H04 119 consumption_NN by_IN older_JJR H04 120 couples_NNS and_CC other_AP wholly-adult_JJB households_NNS was_BEDZ H04 120 0.5_CD \0oz_NNU per_IN head_NN per_IN H04 121 week_NN ._. ^ the_ATI two_CD latter_AP groups_NNS consumed_VBD much_RB H04 121 smaller_JJR quantities_NNS per_IN head_NN H04 122 of_IN canned_JJ vegetables_NNS and_CC canned_JJ and_CC bottled_JJ H04 122 tomatoes_NNS than_IN any_DTI other_AP H04 123 group_NN ,_, and_CC much_RB smaller_JJR quantities_NNS of_IN canned_JJ H04 123 and_CC bottled_JJ fruit_NN than_IN H04 124 younger_JJR childless_JJ couples_NNS ;_; in_IN households_NNS H04 124 containing_VBG children_NNS ,_, H04 125 consumption_NN of_IN canned_JJ fruit_NN fell_VBD off_RP sharply_RB H04 125 with_IN increasing_JJ family_NN H04 126 size_NN ,_, but_CC there_EX was_BEDZ no_ATI regular_JJ gradation_NN H04 126 in_IN purchases_NNS of_IN canned_JJ H04 127 vegetables_NNS and_CC canned_JJ tomatoes_NNS ._. ^ all_ABN types_NNS H04 127 of_IN household_NN benefited_VBD from_IN H04 128 the_ATI improved_JJ supplies_NNS and_CC lower_JJR prices_NNS of_IN H04 128 fresh_JJ fruit_NN compared_VBN with_IN H04 129 1958_CD ,_, but_CC the_ATI increase_NN in_IN consumption_NN was_BEDZ H04 129 least_AP in_IN families_NNS containing_VBG H04 130 children_NNS ._. H04 131 ^ 77_CD ._. ^ total_JJ bread_NN consumption_NN was_BEDZ virtually_RB H04 131 unchanged_JJ ,_, although_CS H04 132 most_AP types_NNS of_IN household_NN bought_VBD less_AP white_JJ H04 132 bread_NN and_CC more_AP rolls_NNS and_CC H04 133 speciality_NN breads_NNS than_CS in_IN 1958_CD ._. ^ most_AP groups_NNS H04 133 increased_VBD their_PP$ purchases_NNS H04 134 of_IN puddings_NNS ,_, cakes_NNS and_CC biscuits_NNS ,_, but_CC H04 134 obtained_VBD less_AP flour_NN ._. H04 135 ^ 78_CD ._. ^ regression_NN estimates_NNS of_IN the_ATI H04 135 expenditure_NN on_IN different_JJ H04 136 commodities_NNS attributable_JJ to_IN the_ATI adult_JJ couple_NN and_CC H04 136 each_DT additional_JJ child_NN H04 137 in_IN a_AT selected_JJ group_NN of_IN households_NNS consisting_VBG H04 137 of_IN childless_JJ couples_NNS H04 138 (_( both_ABX under_IN 55_CD )_) and_CC couples_NNS with_IN different_JJ H04 138 numbers_NNS of_IN children_NNS were_BED H04 139 given_VBN for_IN 1952-56_CD-CD in_IN table_NN 39_CD of_IN the_ATI H04 139 annual_JJ report_NN for_IN 1956_CD ._. ^ the_ATI H04 140 younger_JJR childless_JJ couples_NNS are_BER broadly_RB comparable_JJ H04 140 in_IN age_NN and_CC family_NN H04 141 income_NN with_IN the_ATI family_NN households_NNS ,_, so_CS that_CS" H04 141 differences_NNS in_IN food_NN H04 142 expenditure_NN may_MD be_BE associated_VBN with_IN the_ATI presence_NN H04 142 of_IN children_NNS ._. ^ the_ATI H04 143 analysis_NN has_HVZ been_BEN repeated_VBN for_IN 1957_CD ,_, 1958_CD H04 143 and_CC 1959_CD ,_, but_CC the_ATI results_NNS H04 144 will_MD not_XNOT be_BE given_VBN in_&FW extenso_&FW ._. ^ household_NN H04 144 food_NN expenditure_NN in_IN H04 145 1959_CD averaged_VBD 80_CD \0s_NNU 9_CD \0d_NNU for_IN younger_JJR H04 145 couples_NNS and_CC 92_CD \0s_NNU 10_CD \0d_NNU ,_, H04 146 102_CD \0s_NNU 0_CD \0d_NNU ,_, 111_CD \0s_NNU 9_CD \0d_NNU ,_, and_CC H04 146 126_CD \0s_NNU 3_CD \0d_NNU for_IN two-adult_JJB H04 147 households_NNS containing_VBG respectively_RB one_CD1 ,_, two_CD ,_, H04 147 three_CD and_CC four_CD or_CC more_AP H04 148 (_( average_NN 4.64_CD )_) children_NNS under_IN 15_CD ._. ^ from_IN H04 148 a_AT straight_JJ regression_NN line_NN H04 149 fitted_VBN to_IN these_DTS averages_NNS ,_, the_ATI basic_JJ element_NN H04 149 in_IN household_NN food_NN H04 150 expenditure_NN associated_VBN with_IN the_ATI adult_JJ couple_NN is_BEZ H04 150 estimated_VBN at_IN 81_CD \0s_NNU H04 151 11_CD \0d_NNU and_CC the_ATI average_JJ increment_NN for_IN each_DT H04 151 additional_JJ child_NN as_IN 9_CD \0s_NNU H04 152 11_CD \0d_NNU ._. ^ table_NN 26_CD gives_VBZ similar_JJ regression_NN H04 152 estimates_NNS for_IN previous_JJ H04 153 years_NNS ._. ^ the_ATI effects_NNS of_IN price_NN rises_NNS are_BER H04 153 roughly_RB eliminated_VBN by_IN H04 154 expressing_VBG the_ATI average_JJ expenditure_NN associated_VBN with_IN H04 154 a_AT child_NN as_IN a_AT H04 155 percentage_NN of_IN that_DT associated_VBN with_IN an_AT adult_JJ H04 155 couple_NN ._. ^ the_ATI relative_JJ H04 156 expenditure_NN per_IN child_NN declined_VBD from_IN 1952_CD to_IN H04 156 1956_CD ,_, but_CC rose_VBD in_IN 1957_CD H04 157 when_WRB the_ATI subsidy_NN on_IN welfare_NN and_CC national_JJ H04 157 dried_JJ milk_NN was_BEDZ reduced_VBN ;_; since_IN H04 158 1957_CD it_PP3 has_HVZ again_RB declined_VBN ._. ^ most_AP of_IN H04 158 the_ATI average_JJ expenditure_NN H04 159 associated_VBN with_IN a_AT child_NN was_BEDZ on_IN cereal_NN foods_NNS H04 159 ,_, potatoes_NNS and_CC milk_NN ;_; for_IN H04 160 fresh_JJ green_JJ vegetables_NNS ,_, fruit_NN ,_, cheese_NN ,_, fish_NN H04 160 and_CC carcase_NN meat_NN ,_, the_ATI H04 161 incremental_JJ expenditure_NN was_BEDZ slight_JJ ._. H04 163 ^ energy_NN value_NN and_CC nutrient_JJ content_NN ._. H04 164 ^ 79_CD ._. ^ table_NN 30_CD shows_VBZ the_ATI energy_NN value_NN H04 164 and_CC nutrient_JJ content_NN of_IN the_ATI H04 165 diets_NNS of_IN households_NNS of_IN different_JJ composition_NN ._. ^ H04 165 the_ATI averages_NNS showed_VBD H04 166 little_AP change_NN compared_VBN with_IN those_DTS for_IN the_ATI H04 166 previous_JJ year_NN ,_, except_IN for_IN" H04 167 generally_RB increased_JJ intakes_NNS of_IN vitamins_NNS C_ZZ and_CC H04 167 D_ZZ ._. ^ since_CS physiological_JJ H04 168 requirements_NNS vary_VB widely_RB with_IN age_NN ,_, sex_NN and_CC H04 168 level_NN of_IN activity_NN ,_, H04 169 comparisons_NNS between_IN families_NNS of_IN different_JJ H04 169 composition_NN are_BER only_RB H04 170 apposite_JJ when_WRB considered_VBN in_IN relation_NN to_IN needs_NNS H04 170 ._. H04 171 ^ 80_CD ._. ^ estimates_NNS of_IN the_ATI adequacy_NN of_IN the_ATI H04 171 diets_NNS ,_, assessed_VBN by_IN H04 172 comparison_NN with_IN allowances_NNS based_VBN on_IN the_ATI H04 172 recommendations_NNS of_IN the_ATI British_JNP H04 173 medical_JJ association_NN ,_, are_BER also_RB shown_VBN in_IN table_NN H04 173 30_CD ._. ^ in_IN comparison_NN with_IN H04 174 the_ATI previous_JJ year_NN ,_, changes_NNS were_BED small_JJ except_IN H04 174 for_IN" higher_JJR estimates_NNS for_IN H04 175 vitamin_NN C_ZZ ._. ^ in_IN families_NNS with_IN four_CD or_CC more_AP H04 175 children_NNS the_ATI levels_NNS of_IN H04 176 adequacy_NN for_IN all_ABN nutrients_NNS other_AP than_IN vitamin_NN H04 176 C_ZZ decreased_VBD slightly_RB ._. H04 177 ^ for_IN this_DT fairly_RB small_JJ group_NN ,_, comparisons_NNS H04 177 between_IN different_JJ years_NNS H04 178 can_MD not_XNOT be_BE made_VBN so_QL precisely_RB as_CS in_IN H04 178 groups_NNS with_IN a_AT defined_JJ number_NN of_IN H04 179 children_NNS ._. ^ in_IN 1959_CD the_ATI households_NNS in_IN this_DT H04 179 group_NN contained_VBD slightly_RB H04 180 more_AP children_NNS (_( average_NN 4.64_CD )_) than_CS in_IN the_ATI H04 180 previous_JJ year_NN (_( average_NN 4.53_CD )_) ._. H04 181 ^ their_PP$ total_JJ food_NN expenditure_NN increased_VBD less_RBR H04 181 than_IN that_DT in_IN other_AP H04 182 groups_NNS ,_, and_CC they_PP3AS purchased_VBD more_AP of_IN certain_JJ H04 182 foods_NNS such_IN as_IN" fish_NN ,_, H04 183 poultry_NN ,_, eggs_NNS ,_, canned_JJ vegetables_NNS ,_, fresh_JJ H04 183 fruit_NN ,_, chocolate_NN biscuits_NNS and_CC H04 184 breakfast_NN cereals_NNS which_WDTR ,_, in_RB general_RB" ,_, are_BER H04 184 more_QL expensive_JJ sources_NNS of_IN H04 185 nutrients_NNS than_IN those_DTS foods_NNS of_IN which_WDTR they_PP3AS H04 185 purchased_VBD less_AP ,_, namely_RB dried_JJ H04 186 milk_NN ,_, potatoes_NNS ,_, carcase_NN meat_NN ,_, sugar_NN ,_, H04 186 bread_NN ,_, flour_NN and_CC oatmeal_NN and_CC oat_NN H04 187 products_NNS ._. H04 188 ^ 81_CD ._. ^ in_IN all_ABN these_DTS estimates_NNS of_IN H04 188 adequacy_NN ,_, the_ATI conventional_JJ H04 189 allowance_NN of_IN 10_CD per_NNU cent_NNU" has_HVZ been_BEN made_VBN H04 189 for_IN wastage_NN of_IN edible_JJ food_NN ._. H04 190 ^ the_ATI limitations_NNS of_IN the_ATI use_NN of_IN arbitrary_JJ H04 190 wastage_NN factors_NNS ,_, regardless_RB H04 191 of_IN family_NN size_NN or_CC circumstances_NNS ,_, were_BED H04 191 pointed_VBN out_RP ,_, and_CC the_ATI effect_NN of_IN H04 192 the_ATI use_NN of_IN graduated_JJ wastage_NN factors_NNS examined_VBN H04 192 in_IN the_ATI annual_JJ report_NN for_IN H04 193 1956_CD ._. ^ as_CS in_IN previous_JJ years_NNS ,_, the_ATI H04 193 percentages_NNS in_IN table_NN 30_CD for_IN all_ABN H04 194 nutrients_NNS decreased_VBD with_IN increasing_JJ family_NN size_NN ._. H04 194 ^ the_ATI lowest_JJT estimates_NNS H04 195 were_BED for_IN protein_NN and_CC calcium_NN in_IN families_NNS with_IN H04 195 four_CD or_CC more_AP children_NNS H04 196 (_( 82_CD and_CC 81_CD per_NNU cent_NNU" respectively_RB )_) ._. ^ H04 196 during_IN the_ATI ten_CD years_NNS from_IN 1950_CD to_IN H04 197 1959_CD there_EX were_BED downward_JJB trends_NNS in_IN the_ATI H04 197 percentages_NNS for_IN protein_NN and_CC H04 198 calcium_NN for_IN all_ABN types_NNS of_IN family_NN and_CC for_IN H04 198 all_ABN households_NNS ,_, the_ATI steepest_JJT H04 199 (_( from_IN 94_CD to_IN 82_CD per_NNU cent_NNU" for_IN protein_NN H04 199 and_CC ,_, from_IN 92_CD to_IN 81_CD per_NNU cent_NNU" for_IN H04 200 calcium_NN )_) occurring_VBG for_IN the_ATI families_NNS with_IN H04 200 four_CD or_CC more_AP children_NNS ;_; H04 201 another_DT considerable_JJ fall_NN was_BEDZ from_IN 91_CD to_IN 83_CD H04 201 per_NNU cent_NNU" for_IN protein_NN in_IN H04 202 families_NNS with_IN adolescents_NNS and_CC children_NNS ._. H05 2 the_ATI war_NN damage_NN may_MD ,_, however_RB ,_, be_BE made_VBN H05 2 good_JJ by_IN works_NNS which_WDTR include_VB H05 3 alterations_NNS and_CC additions_NNS ._. ^ it_PP3 is_BEZ a_AT H05 3 feature_NN of_IN the_ATI system_NN that_CS no_ATI cost_NN H05 4 of_IN works_NNS payment_NN is_BEZ made_VBN until_CS the_ATI work_NN H05 4 has_HVZ been_BEN carried_VBN out_RP ,_, although_CS H05 5 instalments_NNS can_MD be_BE paid_VBN by_IN arrangement_NN in_IN H05 5 large_JJ projects_NNS as_CS the_ATI work_NN H05 6 proceeds_VBZ ._. ^ the_ATI intention_NN behind_IN the_ATI H05 6 legislation_NN was_BEDZ to_TO insure_VB that_CS the_ATI H05 7 money_NN should_MD be_BE used_VBN for_IN reinstatement_NN wherever_WRB H05 7 it_PP3 was_BEDZ possible_JJ and_CC H05 8 economic_JJ to_TO do_DO so_PN and_CC should_MD be_BE paid_VBN no_RB H05 8 sooner_RBR and_CC no_RB later_RBR than_CS was_BEDZ H05 9 necessary_JJ for_IN this_DT purpose_NN ._. H05 10 ^ 4_CD ._. ^ if_CS the_ATI war_NN damage_NN is_BEZ not_XNOT made_VBD H05 10 good_JJ a_AT value_NN payment_NN under_IN H05 11 section_NN 13_CD of_IN the_ATI 1943_CD act_NN (_( conveniently_RB H05 11 known_VBN as_IN a_AT *'_*' converted_JJ value_NN H05 12 payment_NN **'_**' )_) may_MD be_BE paid_VBN ._. ^ this_DT payment_NN H05 12 is_BEZ equal_JJ to_IN the_ATI amount_NN of_IN the_ATI H05 13 difference_NN between_IN the_ATI March_NR 1939_CD values_NNS of_IN H05 13 the_ATI property_NN before_IN damage_NN H05 14 and_CC after_IN damage_NN ,_, taking_VBG account_NN in_IN the_ATI H05 14 value_NN after_IN damage_NN of_IN the_ATI H05 15 value_NN of_IN any_DTI repairs_NNS for_IN which_WDTR the_ATI H05 15 commission_NN have_HV already_RB made_VBN cost_NN H05 16 of_IN works_NNS payments_NNS ._. ^ this_DT basic_JJ value_NN payment_NN H05 16 is_BEZ increased_VBN (_( in_IN current_JJ H05 17 jargon_NN ,_, *'_*' escalated_VBN **'_**' )_) by_IN forty-five_CD or_CC H05 17 sixty_CD per_NNU \0cent_NNU" and_CC H05 18 interest_NN at_IN two_CD and_CC a_AT half_ABN per_NNU \0cent_NNU" H05 18 per_IN annum_NN from_IN the_ATI date_NN of_IN H05 19 damage_NN is_BEZ added_VBN to_IN the_ATI value_NN payment_NN as_CS H05 19 escalated_VBN ._. ^ this_DT escalation_NN H05 20 was_BEDZ authorised_VBN by_IN the_ATI war_NN damage_NN (_( increase_NN H05 20 of_IN value_NN payments_NNS )_) order_NN H05 21 1947_CD (_( \0S.R_NP &_CC \0O_NP ,_, \0no_NN 390_CD )_) ._. ^ in_IN H05 21 their_PP$ exercise_NN of_IN the_ATI discretion_NN H05 22 given_VBN by_IN the_ATI order_NN to_IN the_ATI commission_NN to_TO H05 22 pay_VB up_RP to_IN sixty_CD per_NNU \0cent_NNU" ,_, H05 23 the_ATI commission_NN pay_VB the_ATI higher_JJR percentage_NN where_WRB H05 23 the_ATI owner_NN is_BEZ prevented_VBN H05 24 by_IN planning_NN considerations_NNS from_IN making_VBG good_JJ the_ATI H05 24 damage_NN or_CC where_WRB he_PP3A H05 25 redevelops_VBZ the_ATI site_NN in_IN a_AT form_NN which_WDTR can_MD H05 25 not_XNOT be_BE accepted_VBN as_CS making_VBG good_JJ H05 26 with_IN alterations_NNS and_CC additions_NNS and_CC so_RB can_MD H05 26 not_XNOT be_BE the_ATI subject_NN of_IN a_AT cost_NN H05 27 of_IN works_NNS payment_NN ._. H05 28 ^ 5_CD ._. ^ other_AP forms_NNS of_IN war_NN damage_NN payment_NN H05 28 made_VBN by_IN the_ATI commission_NN are_BER H05 29 highway_NN payments_NNS ,_, clearance_NN payments_NNS (_( for_IN H05 29 clearing_VBG remains_NNS of_IN H05 30 structures_NNS from_IN *'_*' total_JJ loss_NN **'_**' sites_NNS )_) H05 30 and_CC church_NN payments_NNS ._. ^ although_CS H05 31 differing_VBG in_IN certain_JJ important_JJ ways_NNS from_IN the_ATI H05 31 ordinary_JJ cost_NN of_IN works_NNS H05 32 payments_NNS ,_, the_ATI sums_NNS paid_VBN under_IN these_DTS heads_NNS H05 32 have_HV the_ATI common_JJ feature_NN that_CS H05 33 they_PP3AS are_BER all_ABN payments_NNS in_IN respect_NN of_IN H05 33 works_NNS which_WDTR have_HV been_BEN carried_VBN out_RP ._. H05 34 ^ 6_CD ._. ^ the_ATI commission_NN received_VBD notifications_NNS H05 34 that_CS war_NN damage_NN had_HVD been_BEN H05 35 sustained_VBN in_IN respect_NN of_IN over_RB three_CD and_CC a_AT H05 35 half_ABN million_CD properties_NNS ._. H05 36 ^ they_PP3AS have_HV paid_VBN over_RB four_CD million_CD claims_NNS H05 36 for_IN the_ATI cost_NN of_IN making_VBG good_JJ H05 37 war_NN damage_NN (_( in_IN many_AP cases_NNS more_AP than_IN one_CD1 H05 37 claim_NN is_BEZ necessary_JJ because_CS H05 38 reinstatement_NN is_BEZ not_XNOT wholly_RB carried_VBN out_RP in_IN H05 38 one_CD1 operation_NN )_) ._. ^ the_ATI total_NN H05 39 so_QL far_RB for_IN cost_NN of_IN works_NNS and_CC the_ATI analogous_JJ H05 39 payments_NNS is_BEZ a_RB little_RB" over_RB H05 40 *+1,000_NNU million_CD and_CC the_ATI total_NN for_IN value_NN H05 40 payments_NNS (_( of_IN which_WDTR there_EX were_BED H05 41 about_RB 180,000_CD )_) is_BEZ a_RB little_RB" over_RB *+250_NNU H05 41 million_CD ._. ^ as_IN against_IN" this_DT about_RB H05 42 *+200_NNU million_CD was_BEDZ collected_VBN by_IN the_ATI inland_JJB H05 42 revenue_NN department_NN in_IN the_ATI H05 43 period_NN 1941-46_CD-CD in_IN the_ATI form_NN of_IN statutory_JJ *'_*' H05 43 contributions_NNS **'_**' under_IN the_ATI H05 44 war_NN damage_NN act_NN from_IN property_NN owners_NNS ._. ^ the_ATI H05 44 total_JJ amount_NN paid_VBN out_RP by_IN the_ATI H05 45 commission_NN in_IN each_DT of_IN the_ATI last_AP five_CD years_NNS H05 45 is_BEZ as_CS follows_VBZ :_: H05 46 **[TABLE**]_&FO H05 47 ^ the_ATI largest_JJT amount_NN paid_VBN out_RP in_IN any_DTI one_CD1 H05 47 year_NN was_BEDZ *+220_NNU million_CD in_IN the_ATI H05 48 year_NN to_IN 31st_OD March_NR ,_, 1948_CD ._. H05 49 ^ outstanding_JJ liability_NN to_TO make_VB payments_NNS ._. H05 50 ^ 7_CD ._. ^ under_IN the_ATI present_JJ system_NN it_PP3 must_MD H05 50 be_BE left_VBN to_IN owners_NNS of_IN H05 51 properties_NNS for_IN which_WDTR cost_NN of_IN works_NNS payments_NNS H05 51 are_BER appropriate_JJ to_TO carry_VB H05 52 out_RP the_ATI repairs_NNS or_CC rebuilding_NN when_WRB they_PP3AS H05 52 wish_VB to_TO do_DO so_PN and_CC make_VB their_PP$ H05 53 claims_NNS thereafter_RB ._. ^ it_PP3 has_HVZ not_XNOT been_BEN H05 53 possible_JJ to_TO make_VB any_DTI accurate_JJ or_CC H05 54 exhaustive_JJ record_NN of_IN the_ATI extent_NN of_IN the_ATI work_NN H05 54 which_WDTR still_RB remains_VBZ to_TO be_BE H05 55 done_VBN at_IN any_DTI particular_JJ date_NN ._. ^ there_EX is_BEZ a_AT H05 55 vast_JJ volume_NN of_IN files_NNS far_RB too_QL H05 56 large_JJ for_IN examination_NN by_IN a_AT normal_JJ sized_JJ staff_NN H05 56 and_CC in_IN any_DTI case_NN owners_NNS H05 57 were_BED not_XNOT at_IN the_ATI time_NN of_IN notifying_VBG damage_NN H05 57 required_VBN (_( indeed_RB ,_, would_MD not_XNOT H05 58 have_HV been_BEN able_JJ )_) to_TO give_VB details_NNS of_IN the_ATI H05 58 repairs_NNS that_WPR would_MD ultimately_RB H05 59 be_BE necessary_JJ ._. ^ there_EX is_BEZ at_IN present_NN no_ATI H05 59 power_NN to_TO compel_VB owners_NNS to_TO carry_VB H05 60 out_RP the_ATI work_NN ;_; nor_CC would_MD the_ATI commission's_NN$ H05 60 records_NNS enable_VB them_PP3OS to_TO H05 61 identify_VB the_ATI properties_NNS still_RB in_IN need_NN of_IN H05 61 repair_NN or_CC rebuilding_NN even_CS if_CS" H05 62 they_PP3AS had_HVD the_ATI power_NN to_TO hasten_VB the_ATI work_NN ._. H05 62 ^ the_ATI actual_JJ direction_NN and_CC H05 63 execution_NN of_IN the_ATI work_NN are_BER matters_NNS for_IN the_ATI H05 63 owner_NN and_CC his_PP$ advisers_NNS and_CC H05 64 contractors_NNS ._. ^ the_ATI commission's_NN$ statutory_JJ duty_NN H05 64 is_BEZ to_TO reimburse_VB the_ATI cost_NN H05 65 incurred_VBN ,_, so_QL far_RB as_CS reasonable_JJ ,_, and_CC they_PP3AS H05 65 are_BER not_XNOT a_AT party_NN to_IN any_DTI of_IN the_ATI H05 66 contracts_NNS for_IN the_ATI repair_NN of_IN war_NN damage_NN ._. ^ H05 66 it_PP3 is_BEZ considered_VBN probable_JJ H05 67 that_CS the_ATI cost_NN of_IN carrying_VBG out_RP all_ABN the_ATI H05 67 outstanding_JJ repairs_NNS would_MD not_XNOT H05 68 exceed_VB *+40_NNU million_CD but_CC this_DT is_BEZ a_AT rough_JJ H05 68 estimate_NN for_IN which_WDTR no_ATI exact_JJ H05 69 basis_NN exists_VBZ ._. ^ the_ATI actual_JJ figure_NN might_MD be_BE H05 69 well_RB above_IN this_DT or_CC much_AP H05 70 less_AP ._. ^ there_EX are_BER ,_, however_RB ,_, good_JJ reasons_NNS H05 70 for_IN believing_VBG that_CS there_EX are_BER H05 71 about_RB 90_CD properties_NNS (_( including_IN churches_NNS ,_, town_NN H05 71 halls_NNS ,_, factories_NNS ,_, H05 72 \0etc_RB )_) in_IN which_WDTR the_ATI cost_NN of_IN the_ATI H05 72 outstanding_JJ works_NNS may_MD be_BE expected_VBN to_TO H05 73 exceed_VB *+50,000_NNU (_( a_AP few_AP" claims_NNS may_MD exceed_VB H05 73 this_DT amount_NN by_IN a_AT very_QL large_JJ H05 74 sum_NN )_) and_CC that_CS the_ATI total_NN for_IN those_DTS H05 74 properties_NNS alone_RB may_MD amount_VB to_IN some_DTI H05 75 *+15_NNU million_CD ._. H05 76 ^ 8_CD ._. ^ the_ATI reasons_NNS given_VBN by_IN owners_NNS for_IN H05 76 their_PP$ failure_NN or_CC inability_NN to_TO H05 77 carry_VB out_RP reinstatement_NN are_BER various_JJ ._. ^ H05 77 uncertainty_NN about_IN development_NN H05 78 plans_NNS and_CC the_ATI intentions_NNS of_IN local_JJ authorities_NNS H05 78 with_IN regard_NN to_IN H05 79 acquisition_NN is_BEZ a_AT major_JJ cause_NN ;_; and_CC in_IN some_DTI H05 79 large_JJ organisations_NNS ,_, H05 80 particularly_RB among_IN local_JJ authorities_NNS ,_, there_EX has_HVZ H05 80 been_BEN a_AT degree_NN of_IN H05 81 hesitancy_NN about_IN the_ATI general_JJ reinstatement_NN policy_NN H05 81 that_WPR has_HVZ delayed_VBN H05 82 considerably_RB the_ATI making_NN good_JJ of_IN war_NN damage_NN ._. ^ H05 82 some_DTI owners_NNS say_VB they_PP3AS have_HV H05 83 no_ATI money_NN for_IN the_ATI ordinary_JJ maintenance_NN work_NN H05 83 which_WDTR would_MD have_HV to_TO be_BE H05 84 carried_VBN out_RP along_IN with_IN" the_ATI war_NN damage_NN H05 84 repairs_NNS ._. ^ where_WRB properties_NNS are_BER H05 85 held_VBN on_IN lease_NN with_IN a_AT relatively_RB short_JJ term_NN H05 85 unexpired_JJ the_ATI repairs_NNS have_HV H05 86 in_IN some_DTI cases_NNS been_BEN deferred_VBN because_CS the_ATI H05 86 lessee_NN did_DOD not_XNOT wish_VB to_TO carry_VB H05 87 out_RP the_ATI works_NNS ._. ^ illness_NN ,_, old_JJ age_NN or_CC a_AT H05 87 general_JJ reluctance_NN to_IN having_HVG H05 88 workmen_NNS on_IN the_ATI premises_NNS has_HVZ prevented_VBN a_AT H05 88 minority_NN of_IN householders_NNS from_IN H05 89 completing_VBG repairs_NNS ._. ^ whatever_WDT the_ATI reasons_NNS H05 89 for_IN delay_NN in_IN claiming_NN ,_, the_ATI H05 90 government_NN are_BER anxious_JJ to_TO ensure_VB that_CS all_ABN who_WPR H05 90 have_HV an_AT entitlement_NN H05 91 should_MD be_BE given_VBN every_AT reasonable_JJ opportunity_NN to_TO H05 91 secure_VB it_PP3 ,_, and_CC ,_, if_CS H05 92 there_EX is_BEZ to_TO be_BE a_AT closing_NN down_RP ,_, they_PP3AS H05 92 are_BER determined_JJ that_CS no_PN one_PN" shall_MD H05 93 be_BE able_JJ to_TO complain_VB of_IN any_DTI lack_NN of_IN notice_NN H05 93 ._. ^ indeed_RB ,_, one_CD1 of_IN the_ATI prime_JJB H05 94 purposes_NNS of_IN this_DT white_JJ paper_NN is_BEZ to_TO draw_VB H05 94 the_ATI attention_NN of_IN all_ABN H05 95 interested_JJ persons_NNS ,_, whether_CS private_JJ owners_NNS ,_, H05 95 church_NN authorities_NNS ,_, local_JJ H05 96 government_NN officers_NNS or_CC company_NN officials_NNS H05 96 responsible_JJ for_IN the_ATI H05 97 management_NN of_IN property_NN ,_, and_CC of_IN professional_JJ H05 97 advisors_NNS in_RB general_RB" to_IN the_ATI H05 98 need_NN for_IN making_VBG immediate_JJ arrangements_NNS for_IN H05 98 negotiation_NN with_IN the_ATI war_NN H05 99 damage_NN commission_NN about_IN the_ATI extent_NN of_IN the_ATI H05 99 damage_NN ,_, with_IN a_AT view_NN to_IN H05 100 putting_VBG the_ATI outstanding_JJ war_NN damage_NN repairs_NNS in_IN H05 100 hand_NN as_QL soon_RB as_CS possible_JJ H05 101 or_CC ,_, where_WRB the_ATI repairs_NNS are_BER not_XNOT to_TO be_BE H05 101 carried_VBN out_RP ,_, claiming_VBG a_AT converted_JJ H05 102 value_NN payment_NN ._. H05 103 ^ 9_CD ._. ^ in_IN addition_NN to_IN the_ATI payments_NNS system_NN H05 103 for_IN land_NN and_CC buildings_NNS H05 104 described_VBN above_RI the_ATI war_NN damage_NN act_NN ,_, 1943_CD ,_, H05 104 provided_VBD in_IN part_NN 2_CD for_IN two_CD H05 105 insurance_NN schemes_NNS administered_VBN by_IN the_ATI board_NN of_IN H05 105 trade_NN :_: *-_*- H05 106 (_( a_ZZ )_) a_AT business_NN chattels_NNS scheme_NN to_TO cover_VB H05 106 plant_NN and_CC machinery_NN ;_; and_CC H05 107 (_( b_ZZ )_) a_AT private_JJ chattels_NNS scheme_NN to_TO cover_VB H05 107 household_NN and_CC commercial_JJ H05 108 chattels_NNS ._. H05 109 ^ payments_NNS were_BED on_IN an_AT insured_JJ value_NN basis_NN H05 109 and_CC were_BED not_XNOT related_VBN to_IN H05 110 replacement_NN costs_NNS ._. ^ under_IN (_( a_ZZ )_) about_RB *+77_NNU H05 110 million_CD was_BEDZ collected_VBN in_IN H05 111 premiums_NNS and_CC *+93_NNU million_CD has_HVZ been_BEN paid_VBN H05 111 out_RP in_IN claims_NNS ;_; under_IN (_( b_ZZ )_) H05 112 about_RB *+16_NNU million_CD was_BEDZ collected_VBN in_IN premiums_NNS H05 112 and_CC *+116_NNU million_CD has_HVZ H05 113 been_BEN paid_VBN out_RP in_IN claims_NNS ._. ^ every_AT householder_NN H05 113 was_BEDZ entitled_VBN to_IN a_AT certain_JJ H05 114 amount_NN of_IN free_JJ cover_NN (_( for_IN example_NN up_RP to_IN H05 114 *+350_NNU for_IN a_AT married_JJ man_NN with_IN H05 115 two_CD children_NNS )_) and_CC it_PP3 is_BEZ estimated_VBN that_CS H05 115 if_CS the_ATI effect_NN of_IN this_DT is_BEZ H05 116 allowed_VBN for_IN the_ATI claim_NN payments_NNS would_MD be_BE H05 116 more_RBR in_IN line_NN with_IN the_ATI premiums_NNS H05 117 collected_VBN ._. ^ in_IN addition_NN to_IN the_ATI actual_JJ H05 117 amounts_NNS paid_VBD on_IN losses_NNS accrued_VBN H05 118 interest_NN at_IN two_CD and_CC a_AT half_ABN per_NNU \0cent_NNU" H05 118 paid_VBN to_IN claimants_NNS on_IN the_ATI H05 119 amounts_NNS due_JJ under_IN both_ABX schemes_NNS has_HVZ accounted_VBN H05 119 for_IN about_RB *+21_NNU million_CD to_IN H05 120 date_NN ._. ^ the_ATI date_NN for_IN final_JJ payments_NNS under_IN H05 120 the_ATI private_JJ chattels_NNS scheme_NN H05 121 was_BEDZ fixed_VBN at_IN 14th_OD July_NR ,_, 1947_CD ,_, and_CC H05 121 under_IN the_ATI business_NN chattels_NNS scheme_NN H05 122 at_IN 1st_OD October_NR ,_, 1953_CD ,_, but_CC a_AT certain_JJ H05 122 number_NN of_IN claims_NNS remain_VB unpaid_JJ H05 123 (_( for_IN example_NN because_CS the_ATI claimant_NN could_MD not_XNOT H05 123 be_BE traced_VBN )_) and_CC are_BER thought_VBN H05 124 to_TO amount_VB to_IN about_RB *+1,120,000_NNU plus_IN accrued_JJ H05 124 interest_NN at_IN two_CD and_CC a_AT half_ABN H05 125 per_NNU \0cent_NNU" H05 126 ._. ^ government_NN proposal_NN to_TO make_VB a_AT final_JJ H05 126 settlement_NN ._. H05 127 ^ 10_CD ._. ^ the_ATI justification_NN for_IN the_ATI winding-up_NN H05 127 of_IN the_ATI system_NN at_IN this_DT H05 128 date_NN and_CC the_ATI abolition_NN of_IN the_ATI war_NN damage_NN H05 128 commission_NN is_BEZ self-evident_JJ ._. H05 129 ^ it_PP3 becomes_VBZ increasingly_RB difficult_JJ ,_, year_NN by_IN H05 129 year_NN ,_, to_TO distinguish_VB H05 130 between_IN genuine_JJ war_NN damage_NN and_CC ordinary_JJ H05 130 dilapidation_NN through_IN lack_NN of_IN H05 131 maintenance_NN ._. ^ it_PP3 probably_RB comes_VBZ as_IN a_AT H05 131 surprise_NN to_IN many_AP people_NNS to_TO know_VB H05 132 that_CS the_ATI war_NN damage_NN commission_NN is_BEZ still_RB in_IN H05 132 existence_NN ,_, that_CS payments_NNS H05 133 are_BER still_RB being_BEG made_VBN and_CC ,_, even_RB to_IN those_DTS H05 133 who_WPR are_BER aware_JJ that_CS the_ATI system_NN H05 134 lingers_VBZ on_RP ,_, to_TO know_VB what_WDT the_ATI possible_JJ H05 134 total_NN of_IN outstanding_JJ liability_NN H05 135 is_BEZ ._. ^ the_ATI government's_NN$ view_NN is_BEZ that_CS after_IN H05 135 the_ATI passage_NN of_IN sixteen_CD years_NNS H05 136 since_IN the_ATI end_NN of_IN the_ATI war_NN it_PP3 would_MD be_BE H05 136 fair_JJ to_TO require_VB owners_NNS to_TO begin_VB H05 137 the_ATI outstanding_JJ repairs_NNS at_RB once_RB" and_CC if_CS for_IN H05 137 any_DTI reason_NN they_PP3AS are_BER unable_JJ H05 138 to_TO do_DO so_PN to_TO give_VB them_PP3OS the_ATI same_AP payment_NN H05 138 (_( a_AT converted_JJ value_NN payment_NN ,_, H05 139 that_DT is_BEZ )_) as_CS has_HVZ already_RB been_BEN given_VBN to_IN H05 139 the_ATI many_AP owners_NNS who_WPR applied_VBD for_IN H05 140 such_ABL a_AT payment_NN and_CC satisfied_VBD the_ATI commission_NN H05 140 that_CS for_IN one_CD1 reason_NN or_CC H05 141 another_DT they_PP3AS were_BED unable_JJ or_CC unwilling_JJ to_TO H05 141 make_VB good_JJ the_ATI war_NN damage_NN ._. H05 142 ^ the_ATI act_NN of_IN 1943_CD long_RB ago_RB substantially_RB H05 142 achieved_VBD its_PP$ original_JJ H05 143 objective_NN of_IN getting_VBG owners_NNS to_TO reinstate_VB their_PP$ H05 143 damaged_JJ properties_NNS H05 144 expeditiously_RB and_CC without_IN the_ATI risk_NN of_IN the_ATI H05 144 inflation_NN which_WDTR the_ATI issue_NN on_IN H05 145 a_AT grand_JJ scale_NN of_IN cash_NN payments_NNS for_IN the_ATI H05 145 properties_NNS which_WDTR were_BED not_XNOT total_JJ H05 146 losses_NNS would_MD have_HV caused_VBN ._. ^ the_ATI time_NN has_HVZ H05 146 now_RN come_VBN to_TO get_VB the_ATI remaining_JJ H05 147 work_NN done_VBN quickly_RB or_CC to_TO give_VB owners_NNS a_AT H05 147 payment_NN to_TO encourage_VB them_PP3OS H05 148 instead_RB to_TO make_VB a_AT different_JJ and_CC perhaps_RB better_JJR H05 148 use_NN of_IN their_PP$ property_NN ._. H05 149 ^ the_ATI main_JJB provisions_NNS of_IN a_AT closure_NN operation_NN H05 149 ._. H05 150 ^ 11_CD ._. ^ it_PP3 is_BEZ considered_VBN essential_JJ that_CS H05 150 the_ATI winding_NN up_RP should_MD be_BE H05 151 done_VBN in_IN two_CD stages_NNS with_IN two_CD statutory_JJ time_NN H05 151 limits_NNS :_: H05 153 ^ (_( 1_CD1 )_) ._. ^ a_AT registration_NN date_NN for_IN giving_VBG H05 153 notice_NN of_IN an_AT intended_JJ claim_NN H05 154 for_IN payment_NN and_CC of_IN outstanding_JJ war_NN damage_NN ,_, H05 154 after_IN which_WDTR date_NN no_ATI notice_NN H05 155 of_IN claim_NN in_IN respect_NN of_IN any_DTI additional_JJ works_NNS H05 155 will_MD be_BE admitted_VBN ._. ^ this_DT H05 156 provision_NN is_BEZ designed_VBN to_TO stimulate_VB owners_NNS to_TO H05 156 take_VB action_NN ,_, to_TO put_VB a_AT H05 157 barrier_NN to_IN the_ATI flow_NN of_IN claims_NNS which_WDTR might_MD H05 157 otherwise_RB trickle_VB on_RP almost_RB H05 158 indefinitely_RB ,_, and_CC to_TO inform_VB the_ATI commission_NN of_IN H05 158 the_ATI approximate_JJ total_JJ H05 159 liability_NN which_WDTR remains_VBZ to_TO be_BE met_VBN ._. ^ (_( 2_CD H05 159 )_) ._. ^ a_AT closing_JJ date_NN for_IN executing_VBG H05 160 any_DTI *'_*' registered_JJ **'_**' war_NN repairs_VBZ which_WDTR H05 160 owners_NNS are_BER willing_JJ and_CC able_JJ to_TO H05 161 carry_VB out_RP at_RB once_RB" ,_, for_IN the_ATI negotiation_NN and_CC H05 161 payment_NN of_IN the_ATI resulting_JJ H05 162 claims_NNS and_CC for_IN the_ATI negotiation_NN and_CC payment_NN of_IN H05 162 converted_JJ value_NN payments_NNS H05 163 where_WRB there_EX is_BEZ no_ATI intention_NN or_CC prospect_NN of_IN H05 163 the_ATI work_NN being_BEG carried_VBN out_RP H05 164 during_IN the_ATI post-registration_JJB statutory_JJ period_NN ._. H05 166 ^ in_RB short_RB" ,_, the_ATI most_QL practical_JJ and_CC fair_JJ H05 166 method_NN is_BEZ to_TO eliminate_VB all_ABN H05 167 future_JJB claims_NNS after_IN due_JJ notice_NN by_IN providing_VBG H05 167 for_IN registration_NN ,_, H05 168 including_IN registration_NN of_IN work_NN already_RB in_IN hand_NN ,_, H05 168 and_CC then_RN allow_VB a_AT H05 169 further_JJB limited_JJ period_NN for_IN the_ATI orderly_JJ disposal_NN H05 169 of_IN the_ATI registered_JJ H05 170 works_NNS in_IN consultation_NN with_IN the_ATI commission_NN ._. H05 171 ^ 12_CD ._. ^ except_CS so_QL far_RB as_CS modifications_NNS are_BER H05 171 necessitated_VBN by_IN the_ATI H05 172 closure_NN ,_, the_ATI existing_JJ principles_NNS and_CC structure_NN H05 172 of_IN the_ATI war_NN damage_NN act_NN ,_, H05 173 1943_CD ,_, will_MD be_BE preserved_VBN ._. ^ the_ATI comparative_JJ H05 173 absence_NN of_IN criticism_NN during_IN H05 174 the_ATI past_JJB 20_CD years_NNS testifies_VBZ to_IN the_ATI aptness_NN H05 174 of_IN the_ATI original_JJ provisions_NNS H05 175 and_CC to_IN the_ATI good_JJ quality_NN of_IN the_ATI administration_NN H05 175 ._. ^ the_ATI advantages_NNS of_IN H05 176 continuity_NN ,_, when_WRB it_PP3 does_DOZ not_XNOT conflict_VB with_IN H05 176 the_ATI main_JJB purpose_NN ,_, can_MD not_XNOT be_BE H05 177 over-estimated_VBN ._. ^ administration_NN on_IN well_RB established_JJ H05 177 and_CC H05 178 uncontroversial_JJ lines_NNS for_IN the_ATI benefit_NN of_IN owners_NNS H05 178 and_CC professional_JJ men_NNS H05 179 who_WPR have_HV come_VBN to_TO expect_VB and_CC accept_VB certain_JJ H05 179 procedures_NNS will_MD undoubtedly_RB H05 180 help_VB to_TO effect_VB a_AT smooth_JJ running-down_NN of_IN the_ATI H05 180 machine_NN ,_, a_AT running-down_NN H05 181 which_WDTR has_HVZ in_IN fact_NN been_BEN in_IN progress_NN for_IN H05 181 some_DTI time_NN ,_, but_CC which_WDTR must_MD now_RN H05 182 be_BE given_VBN the_ATI promise_NN of_IN finality_NN ._. H05 183 ^ 13_CD ._. ^ the_ATI following_JJ paragraphs_NNS contain_VB a_AT H05 183 brief_JJ account_NN of_IN the_ATI H05 184 measures_NNS proposed_VBN to_TO effect_VB a_AT winding-up_NN of_IN H05 184 the_ATI system_NN by_IN means_IN" of_IN" an_AT H05 185 amendment_NN of_IN the_ATI war_NN damage_NN act_NN ,_, 1943_CD ._. ^ H05 185 these_DTS measures_NNS were_BED H05 186 foreshadowed_VBN in_IN the_ATI statement_NN by_IN its_PP$ financial_JJ H05 186 Secretary_NPT to_IN the_ATI H05 187 Treasury_NP quoted_VBN at_IN the_ATI beginning_NN of_IN this_DT H05 187 paper_NN ._. H06 2 dangerous_JJ occurrences_NNS ._. H06 3 ^ to_TO provide_VB fuller_JJR information_NN about_IN certain_JJ H06 3 types_NNS of_IN dangerous_JJ H06 4 occurrence_NN ,_, section_NN 65_CD of_IN the_ATI factories_NNS act_NN H06 4 ,_, 1937_CD ,_, requires_VBZ H06 5 notification_NN of_IN certain_JJ specified_JJ occurrences_NNS to_IN H06 5 \0H.M_NP district_NN H06 6 Inspectors_NPTS of_IN factories_NNS ,_, whether_CS or_CC not_XNOT H06 6 they_PP3AS result_VB in_IN injury_NN ._. H06 7 ^ appendix_NN 20_CD gives_VBZ figures_NNS of_IN dangerous_JJ H06 7 occurrences_NNS reported_VBN in_IN H06 8 1960_CD ;_; the_ATI types_NNS of_IN occurrence_NN which_WDTR have_HV H06 8 to_TO be_BE reported_VBN are_BER set_VBN out_RP in_IN H06 9 the_ATI heading_NN to_IN the_ATI appendix_NN ._. H06 10 ^ the_ATI total_JJ number_NN of_IN dangerous_JJ occurrences_NNS H06 10 reported_VBN during_IN the_ATI H06 11 year_NN was_BEDZ 1,409_CD ,_, an_AT increase_NN of_IN 111_CD over_IN H06 11 the_ATI total_NN for_IN 1959_CD ._. ^ however_RB ,_, H06 12 the_ATI number_NN of_IN notifiable_JJ accidents_NNS associated_VBN H06 12 with_IN occurrences_NNS fell_VBD H06 13 from_IN 252_CD (_( 31_CD of_IN them_PP3OS fatal_JJ )_) in_IN 1959_CD H06 13 to_IN 245_CD (_( 22_CD fatal_JJ )_) in_IN 1960_CD ._. H06 14 ^ the_ATI main_JJB increase_NN in_IN the_ATI numbers_NNS of_IN H06 14 occurrences_NNS reported_VBN occurred_VBD H06 15 in_IN the_ATI category_NN of_IN those_DTS due_JJ to_IN the_ATI H06 15 collapse_NN or_CC failure_NN of_IN a_AT crane_NN ,_, H06 16 derrick_NN ,_, winch_NN or_CC hoist_NN ,_, where_WRB there_EX was_BEDZ H06 16 an_AT increase_NN of_IN almost_RB H06 17 one-third_CD from_IN 335_CD to_IN 438_CD ._. ^ this_DT increase_NN H06 17 was_BEDZ common_JJ to_IN factories_NNS ,_, H06 18 docks_NNS ,_, and_CC building_NN operations_NNS ._. H06 19 ^ industrial_JJ health_NN ._. H06 20 ^ an_AT analysis_NN of_IN cases_NNS of_IN industrial_JJ disease_NN H06 20 or_CC poisoning_NN H06 21 notifiable_JJ under_IN section_NN 66_CD of_IN the_ATI factories_NNS H06 21 act_NN ,_, 1937_CD ,_, or_CC under_IN H06 22 section_NN 3_CD of_IN the_ATI lead_NN paint_NN (_( protection_NN H06 22 against_IN poisoning_NN act_NN )_) ,_, 1926_CD ,_, H06 23 together_RB with_IN comparable_JJ figures_NNS for_IN earlier_JJR H06 23 years_NNS ,_, is_BEZ given_VBN in_IN H06 24 appendix_NN 21_CD ._. ^ the_ATI total_JJ number_NN of_IN cases_NNS H06 24 notified_VBN during_IN the_ATI year_NN was_BEDZ H06 25 569_CD ,_, compared_VBN with_IN 532_CD in_IN 1959_CD ;_; the_ATI H06 25 number_NN of_IN deaths_NNS remains_VBZ unchanged_JJ H06 26 at_IN 10_CD ._. ^ cases_NNS of_IN chrome_NN ulceration_NN increased_VBD H06 26 from_IN 192_CD to_IN 298_CD ,_, but_CC H06 27 reportable_JJ cases_NNS of_IN epitheliomatous_JJ ulceration_NN H06 27 decreased_VBD from_IN 226_CD H06 28 (_( nine_CD of_IN them_PP3OS fatal_JJ )_) in_IN 1959_CD to_IN 173_CD H06 28 (_( six_CD fatal_JJ )_) in_IN 1960_CD ._. ^ the_ATI total_NN of_IN H06 29 19_CD cases_NNS of_IN this_DT disease_NN due_JJ to_IN mineral_NN oil_NN H06 29 is_BEZ the_ATI smallest_JJT number_NN in_IN H06 30 that_DT category_NN for_IN the_ATI last_AP 10_CD years_NNS ._. H06 31 ^ appendix_NN 22_CD records_VBZ the_ATI number_NN of_IN H06 31 accidents_NNS involving_VBG gassing_NN H06 32 in_IN 1960_CD ,_, together_RB with_IN the_ATI figures_NNS for_IN H06 32 previous_JJ years_NNS ._. ^ both_ABX the_ATI total_JJ H06 33 number_NN of_IN accidents_NNS (_( 222_CD )_) and_CC the_ATI number_NN H06 33 of_IN deaths_NNS (_( 20_CD )_) were_BED greater_JJR H06 34 than_CS in_IN the_ATI previous_JJ two_CD years_NNS ._. H06 35 ^ those_DTS of_IN the_ATI above_JJB accidents_NNS which_WDTR H06 35 involve_VB special_JJ circumstances_NNS H06 36 or_CC matters_NNS of_IN particular_JJ medical_JJ interest_NN are_BER H06 36 discussed_VBN in_IN greater_JJR H06 37 detail_NN in_IN the_ATI industrial_JJ health_NN report_NN for_IN H06 37 1960_CD ._. H06 38 ^ appendix_NN 23_CD records_VBZ the_ATI numbers_NNS of_IN H06 38 statutory_JJ examinations_NNS H06 39 carried_VBN out_RP by_IN appointed_JJ factory_NN doctors_NNS under_IN H06 39 the_ATI factories_NNS acts_NNS H06 40 special_JJ regulations_NNS ,_, and_CC the_ATI numbers_NNS and_CC H06 40 circumstances_NNS of_IN voluntary_JJ H06 41 medical_JJ examinations_NNS ._. ^ appendices_NNS 24_CD and_CC 25_CD H06 41 set_VB out_RP the_ATI number_NN of_IN H06 42 statutory_JJ examinations_NNS of_IN young_JJ persons_NNS for_IN H06 42 certificates_NNS of_IN fitness_NN H06 43 carried_VBN out_RP by_IN appointed_JJ factory_NN doctors_NNS ,_, H06 43 together_RB with_IN the_ATI causes_NNS of_IN H06 44 rejection_NN ._. ^ these_DTS examinations_NNS numbered_VBD 500,984_CD H06 44 in_IN 1960_CD ,_, an_AT increase_NN H06 45 of_IN 21,962_CD on_IN the_ATI previous_JJ year_NN ._. ^ there_EX H06 45 were_BED 283,906_CD examinations_NNS of_IN H06 46 male_JJ young_JJ persons_NNS (_( an_AT increase_NN of_IN 19,706_CD )_) H06 46 and_CC 217,078_CD examinations_NNS of_IN H06 47 female_JJ young_JJ persons_NNS (_( an_AT increase_NN of_IN 2,256_CD )_) H06 47 ._. ^ for_IN all_ABN causes_NNS ,_, H06 48 rejections_NNS among_IN male_JJ young_JJ persons_NNS numbered_VBD H06 48 468_CD ,_, and_CC among_IN female_JJ H06 49 young_JJ persons_NNS 1,008_CD ,_, an_AT increase_NN of_IN 19_CD and_CC H06 49 a_AT decrease_NN of_IN 89_CD H06 50 respectively_RB over_IN the_ATI previous_JJ year's_NN$ figures_NNS ._. H06 51 ^ chapter_NN 2_CD ._. H06 52 ^ review_NN of_IN the_ATI year_NN ._. H06 53 ^ this_DT record_NN of_IN some_DTI of_IN the_ATI more_QL H06 53 prominent_JJ features_NNS of_IN the_ATI H06 54 year's_NN$ activities_NNS and_CC developments_NNS in_IN the_ATI H06 54 field_NN of_IN safety_NN ,_, health_NN and_CC H06 55 welfare_NN is_BEZ presented_VBN in_IN four_CD sections_NNS ._. ^ H06 55 the_ATI first_OD records_VBZ some_DTI of_IN the_ATI H06 56 more_QL important_JJ industrial_JJ developments_NNS affecting_VBG H06 56 the_ATI safety_NN ,_, health_NN H06 57 and_CC welfare_NN of_IN factory_NN workers_NNS which_WDTR come_VB to_IN H06 57 the_ATI notice_NN of_IN H06 58 \0H.M_NP inspectorate_NN of_IN factories_NNS during_IN 1960_CD ._. ^ H06 58 this_DT is_BEZ followed_VBN by_IN H06 59 a_AT brief_JJ reference_NN to_IN the_ATI activities_NNS of_IN H06 59 international_JJ ,_, industrial_JJ and_CC H06 60 voluntary_JJ organisations_NNS in_IN this_DT field_NN ._. ^ a_AT H06 60 section_NN on_IN fire_NN refers_VBZ to_IN H06 61 the_ATI arrangements_NNS made_VBN to_TO implement_VB the_ATI new_JJ H06 61 provisions_NNS of_IN the_ATI factories_NNS H06 62 act_NN ,_, 1959_CD ._. ^ the_ATI chapter_NN concludes_VBZ with_IN a_AT H06 62 summary_NN of_IN relevant_JJ H06 63 legislation_NN passed_VBN during_IN the_ATI year_NN ._. H06 64 ^ 1_CD1 ._. ^ industrial_JJ developments_NNS ._. H06 65 ^ a_ZZ ._. ^ electrical_JJ developments_NNS ._. H06 66 ^ electricity_NN supply_NN *-_*- general_JJ developments_NNS ._. H06 67 ^ the_ATI demand_NN for_IN electricity_NN continues_VBZ to_TO H06 67 double_VB every_AT 10_CD years_NNS ._. H06 68 ^ such_ABL a_AT rate_NN of_IN growth_NN demands_VBZ the_ATI addition_NN H06 68 of_IN large_JJ quantities_NNS of_IN new_JJ H06 69 plant_NN annually_RB and_CC ,_, in_TO order_TO" to_TO" save_VB H06 69 expense_NN and_CC space_NN ,_, a_AT great_JJ H06 70 increase_NN in_IN the_ATI size_NN of_IN individual_JJ units_NNS :_: H06 70 generating_JJ sets_NNS of_IN up_RP to_IN 550_CD H06 71 \0MW_NNU and_CC transmission_NN systems_NNS to_TO operate_VB at_IN H06 71 500_CD \0KV_NNU are_BER now_RN being_BEG H06 72 designed_VBN ._. H06 73 ^ the_ATI speed_NN of_IN technical_JJ progress_NN leaves_VBZ H06 73 designers_NNS with_IN less_AP H06 74 opportunity_NN to_TO modify_VB designs_NNS on_IN the_ATI basis_NN of_IN H06 74 working_NN experience_NN ;_; the_ATI H06 75 more_QL exacting_JJ planning_NN requirements_NNS are_BER being_BEG H06 75 met_VBN by_IN the_ATI increased_JJ use_NN H06 76 of_IN computers_NNS and_CC other_AP aids_NNS ._. ^ automatic_JJ H06 76 torque_NN angle_NN control_NN has_HVZ been_BEN H06 77 introduced_VBN on_IN the_ATI new_JJ large_JJ generators_NNS ,_, H06 77 whose_WP$R safe_JJ operation_NN at_IN the_ATI H06 78 extreme_JJ limit_NN of_IN stability_NN would_MD be_BE beyond_IN the_ATI H06 78 capacity_NN of_IN the_ATI human_JJ H06 79 operator_NN ._. ^ difficult_JJ problems_NNS of_IN protection_NN H06 79 under_IN fault_NN conditions_NNS H06 80 have_HV also_RB to_TO be_BE tackled_VBN by_IN area_NN and_CC H06 80 distribution_NN engineers_NNS as_IN a_AT result_NN H06 81 of_IN the_ATI heavy_JJ concentration_NN of_IN power_NN at_IN H06 81 sub-stations_NNS ._. H06 82 ^ problems_NNS involved_VBN in_IN the_ATI operation_NN of_IN steam_NN H06 82 turbo-generators_NNS ._. H06 83 ^ in_TO order_TO" to_TO" provide_VB continuity_NN of_IN H06 83 electricity_NN supply_NN from_IN large_JJ H06 84 turbo-generators_NNS running_VBG in_IN parallel_NN ,_, designers_NNS H06 84 and_CC operating_JJ H06 85 engineers_NNS must_MD understand_VB both_ABX the_ATI balance_NN H06 85 between_IN steam_NN utilisation_NN H06 86 and_CC electrical_JJ output_NN and_CC the_ATI influence_NN of_IN H06 86 the_ATI connected_JJ electrical_JJ H06 87 system_NN upon_IN the_ATI running_NN speed_NN and_CC operational_JJ H06 87 stability_NN of_IN the_ATI H06 88 generator_NN ._. H06 89 ^ on_IN several_AP occasions_NNS this_DT balance_NN has_HVZ been_BEN H06 89 seriously_RB disturbed_VBN ,_, H06 90 \0e.g_RB ,_, by_IN the_ATI failure_NN of_IN the_ATI turbine_NN H06 90 governor_NN gear_NN immediately_RB to_TO H06 91 reduce_VB steam_NN supply_NN to_TO compensate_VB for_IN a_AT sudden_JJ H06 91 loss_NN in_IN electrical_JJ H06 92 load_NN ._. ^ consequently_RB speed_NN has_HVZ risen_VBN rapidly_RB H06 92 beyond_IN the_ATI designed_JJ H06 93 maximum_NN ,_, even_RB with_IN a_AT centrifugal_JJ governor_NN H06 93 operating_VBG the_ATI steam_NN through_IN H06 94 an_AT oil_NN hydraulic_JJ system_NN and_CC backed_VBN by_IN an_AT H06 94 emergency_NN governor_NN ._. H06 95 ^ centrifugal_JJ forces_NNS are_BER capable_JJ of_IN causing_VBG H06 95 the_ATI turbine_NN to_TO disintegrate_VB H06 96 with_IN serious_JJ damage_NN to_IN buildings_NNS and_CC even_RB loss_NN H06 96 of_IN life_NN ._. H06 97 ^ research_NN and_CC development_NN have_HV been_BEN undertaken_VBN H06 97 to_TO reduce_VB these_DTS H06 98 hazards_NNS ,_, which_WDTR can_MD be_BE expected_VBN to_TO become_VB H06 98 more_QL serious_JJ as_CS H06 99 turbo-generators_NNS increase_VB in_IN power_NN ._. ^ modern_JJ H06 99 turbines_NNS are_BER provided_VBN with_IN H06 100 anticipatory_JJ gear_NN to_TO detect_VB and_CC to_TO correct_VB H06 100 instantly_RB any_DTI violent_JJ rise_NN H06 101 in_IN speed_NN as_CS with_IN means_NNS of_IN testing_VBG and_CC H06 101 checking_VBG the_ATI freedom_NN of_IN movement_NN H06 102 of_IN the_ATI governor_NN mechanism_NN without_IN taking_VBG the_ATI H06 102 machine_NN off_IN load_NN ._. ^ in_IN the_ATI H06 103 unit_NN system_NN ,_, where_WRB boiler_NN ,_, turbine_NN and_CC H06 103 ancillary_JJ plant_NN are_BER integrated_VBN ,_, H06 104 controls_NNS are_BER located_VBN in_IN a_AT single_JJ operations_NNS H06 104 room_NN under_IN the_ATI supervision_NN H06 105 of_IN a_AT co-ordinated_JJ team_NN ._. ^ instruments_NNS ,_, H06 105 controls_NNS and_CC alarms_NNS are_BER so_RB H06 106 grouped_VBN that_CS quick_JJ reference_NN can_MD be_BE made_VBN to_IN H06 106 both_ABX steam_NN and_CC electrical_JJ H06 107 conditions_NNS ._. ^ wherever_WRB possible_JJ the_ATI principles_NNS H06 107 of_IN H06 108 *'_*' failure-to-safety_JJB **'_**' or_CC *'_*' back-up_JJB H06 108 protection_NN **'_**' have_HV been_BEN H06 109 incorporated_VBN in_IN the_ATI design_NN ._. H06 110 ^ developments_NNS in_IN electronic_JJ engineering_NN ._. H06 111 ^ some_DTI of_IN the_ATI more_QL outstanding_JJ recent_JJ H06 111 advances_NNS have_HV been_BEN in_IN the_ATI H06 112 field_NN of_IN semi-conductor_NN engineering_NN ._. ^ the_ATI H06 112 advantages_NNS of_IN H06 113 semi-conductors_NNS are_BER absence_NN of_IN moving_JJ parts_NNS ,_, H06 113 an_AT indefinitely_RB long_JJ life_NN H06 114 without_IN maintenance_NN and_CC extreme_JJ versatility_NN of_IN H06 114 function_NN *-_*- including_IN H06 115 measurement_NN ,_, amplification_NN ,_, instrumentation_NN ,_, H06 115 control_NN ,_, rectification_NN ,_, H06 116 inversion_NN and_CC switching_NN ._. ^ generally_RB these_DTS H06 116 devices_NNS tend_VB to_TO promote_VB H06 117 safety_NN by_IN their_PP$ innate_JJ characteristics_NNS and_CC H06 117 reliability_NN ;_; they_PP3AS also_RB H06 118 enable_VB many_AP new_JJ safety_NN devices_NNS to_TO be_BE designed_VBN H06 118 ;_; electromagnetic_JJ relays_NNS H06 119 with_IN mercury-wetted_JJ contacts_NNS are_BER now_RN available_JJ H06 119 with_IN a_AT life-expectancy_NN H06 120 of_IN hundreds_CDS of_IN millions_CDS of_IN contact_NN operations_NNS H06 120 and_CC at_IN the_ATI same_AP time_NN the_ATI H06 121 robustness_NN and_CC reliability_NN of_IN electronic_JJ valves_NNS H06 121 have_HV been_BEN greatly_RB H06 122 improved_VBN ._. H06 123 ^ progress_NN in_IN *'_*' miniaturisation_NN **'_**' ,_, also_RB H06 123 partly_RB dependent_JJ upon_IN H06 124 semi-conductor_NN techniques_NNS ,_, can_MD be_BE expected_VBN to_TO H06 124 contribute_VB to_IN industrial_JJ H06 125 safety_NN in_IN due_JJ course_NN and_CC eventually_RB to_TO make_VB H06 125 possible_JJ the_ATI construction_NN H06 126 of_IN self-adjusting_JJ *-_*- monitoring_JJ *-_*- correcting_JJ and_CC H06 126 maintaining_JJ mechanisms_NNS H06 127 of_IN unprecedented_JJ reliability_NN ._. H06 128 ^ the_ATI use_NN of_IN electricity_NN on_IN constructional_JJ sites_NNS H06 128 ._. H06 129 ^ in_IN 1960_CD approximately_RB one-eighth_CD of_IN all_ABN H06 129 electrical_JJ accidents_NNS ,_, H06 130 including_IN one-third_CD of_IN the_ATI fatalities_NNS ,_, occurred_VBD H06 130 on_IN building_NN and_CC H06 131 constructional_JJ engineering_NN sites_NNS covered_VBN by_IN the_ATI H06 131 factories_NNS acts_NNS ._. ^ the_ATI H06 132 largest_JJT group_NN of_IN these_DTS was_BEDZ caused_VBN by_IN H06 132 portable_JJ electrical_JJ apparatus_NN and_CC H06 133 its_PP$ associated_JJ flexible_JJ cables_NNS and_CC accessories_NNS ,_, H06 133 the_ATI next_AP largest_JJT group_NN H06 134 was_BEDZ caused_VBN by_IN other_AP types_NNS of_IN wiring_NN ._. ^ H06 134 interesting_JJ developments_NNS are_BER H06 135 taking_VBG place_NN on_IN some_DTI of_IN these_DTS sites_NNS with_IN H06 135 a_AT view_NN to_IN reducing_VBG the_ATI risk_NN H06 136 of_IN electrical_JJ accident_NN ,_, \0e.g_RB :_: *-_*- H06 138 ^ (_( 1_CD1 )_) ._. ^ in_IN the_ATI construction_NN of_IN H06 138 multi-storey_JJB buildings_NNS ,_, rising_JJ H06 139 mains_NNS at_IN 415/240-\0V_NNU are_BER installed_VBN in_IN the_ATI H06 139 form_NN of_IN cable_NN so_RB situated_VBN as_CS H06 140 to_TO be_BE protected_VBN against_IN casual_JJ damage_NN and_CC H06 140 240-\0V_NNU single-phase_JJB H06 141 supplies_NNS are_BER tapped_VBN successively_RB on_RP to_IN the_ATI H06 141 various_JJ floors_NNS ._. ^ this_DT is_BEZ H06 142 economical_JJ and_CC ensures_VBZ that_CS not_XNOT more_AP than_IN H06 142 one_CD1 phase_NN is_BEZ available_JJ on_IN H06 143 any_DTI one_CD1 floor_NN during_IN the_ATI work_NN ._. ^ local_JJ H06 143 voltage_NN reduction_NN by_IN H06 144 single-phase_JJB transformers_NNS on_IN each_DT floor_NN is_BEZ then_RN H06 144 installed_VBN for_IN the_ATI H06 145 period_NN of_IN the_ATI job_NN ._. H06 146 ^ (_( 2_CD )_) ._. ^ an_AT alternative_JJ arrangement_NN is_BEZ H06 146 to_TO follow_VB up_RP the_ATI building_NN H06 147 work_NN from_IN floor_NN to_IN floor_NN with_IN a_AT supply_NN of_IN H06 147 carcase_NN wiring_NN sufficient_JJ H06 148 for_IN the_ATI operations_NNS ,_, thus_RB reducing_VBG to_IN a_AT H06 148 minimum_NN the_ATI amount_NN of_IN flexible_JJ H06 149 and_CC temporary_JJ wiring_NN ._. ^ voltage_NN reduction_NN is_BEZ H06 149 then_RN used_VBN on_IN each_DT floor_NN ._. H06 150 ^ (_( 3_CD )_) ._. ^ with_IN transportable_JJ machines_NNS which_WDTR H06 150 are_BER too_QL large_JJ for_IN single_JJ H06 151 phase-motor_JJB drives_NNS ,_, the_ATI practice_NN of_IN using_VBG H06 151 three-phase_JJB motors_NNS with_IN H06 152 voltage_NN reduction_NN is_BEZ growing_VBG ._. ^ a_AT transformer_NN H06 152 with_IN a_AT secondary_JJ output_NN H06 153 at_IN 110-\0V_NNU ,_, three-phase_NN with_IN earthed_JJ neutral_JJ H06 153 point_NN gives_VBZ a_AT voltage_NN to_IN H06 154 earth_NN of_IN approximately_RB 64-\0V_NNU ,_, a_AT value_NN likely_JJ H06 154 to_TO be_BE safe_JJ in_IN all_ABN but_IN H06 155 the_ATI most_QL exceptional_JJ circumstances_NNS ._. H06 156 ^ (_( 4_CD )_) ._. ^ a_AT common_JJ system_NN of_IN festoon_NN H06 156 wiring_NN found_VBN in_IN use_NN in_IN lighting_VBG H06 157 the_ATI work_NN required_VBD the_ATI piercing_NN of_IN cable_NN by_IN H06 157 sharp_JJ contacts_NNS at_IN points_NNS H06 158 where_WRB it_PP3 was_BEDZ necessary_JJ to_TO instal_VB lampholders_NNS H06 158 ._. ^ the_ATI risks_NNS of_IN H06 159 shock_NN from_IN leakage_NN and_CC pierced_JJ insulation_NN made_VBD H06 159 this_DT wiring_NN unsuitable_JJ H06 160 for_IN construction_NN work_NN ._. ^ it_PP3 is_BEZ a_AT most_QL H06 160 welcome_JJ development_NN that_CS makers_NNS H06 161 are_BER now_RN producing_VBG an_AT improved_JJ form_NN with_IN the_ATI H06 161 lampholders_NNS moulded_VBN to_IN the_ATI H06 162 cable_NN at_IN such_ABL intervals_NNS as_CS the_ATI purchaser_NN may_MD H06 162 require_VB ._. H06 164 ^ prevention_NN of_IN accidents_NNS at_IN overhead_JJB H06 164 electric_JJ lines_NNS ._. H06 165 ^ the_ATI problem_NN of_IN accidents_NNS from_IN contact_NN with_IN H06 165 overhead_JJB lines_NNS H06 166 remains_VBZ serious_JJ ;_; 107_CD such_ABL accidents_NNS have_HV H06 166 occurred_VBN in_IN factories_NNS since_IN H06 167 1954_CD ,_, of_IN which_WDTR 44_CD have_HV been_BEN fatal_JJ ._. ^ H06 167 while_CS there_EX has_HVZ been_BEN some_DTI H06 168 improvement_NN in_IN accidents_NNS from_IN contact_NN by_IN cranes_NNS H06 168 or_CC similar_JJ machines_NNS H06 169 the_ATI number_NN caused_VBN by_IN direct_JJ contact_NN with_IN H06 169 lines_NNS *-_*- 20_CD ,_, including_IN six_CD H06 170 fatal_JJ ones_CD1S in_IN 1960_CD *-_*- has_HVZ reached_VBN a_AT H06 170 level_NN that_WPR gives_VBZ cause_NN for_IN concern_NN ._. H06 171 ^ attempts_NNS are_BER being_BEG made_VBN to_TO develop_VB H06 171 equipment_NN to_TO fix_VB on_IN the_ATI crane_NN H06 172 which_WDTR might_MD reduce_VB the_ATI risk_NN of_IN shock_NN from_IN H06 172 contact_NN with_IN the_ATI line_NN ._. ^ the_ATI H06 173 equipment_NN takes_VBZ two_CD forms_NNS *-_*- an_AT insulating_JJ H06 173 guard_NN on_IN the_ATI jib_NN of_IN the_ATI H06 174 crane_NN ,_, intended_VBN to_TO prevent_VB direct_JJ contact_NN with_IN H06 174 the_ATI line_NN ,_, and_CC H06 175 electronic_JJ equipment_NN with_IN a_AT sensitive_JJ probe_NN H06 175 mounted_VBN slightly_RB forward_RB H06 176 of_IN the_ATI head_NN of_IN the_ATI jib_NN and_CC with_IN electronic_JJ H06 176 assembly_NN and_CC warning_JJ H06 177 apparatus_NN in_IN the_ATI driver's_NN$ cab_NN ._. ^ improved_JJ H06 177 designs_NNS of_IN both_ABX forms_NNS are_BER H06 178 being_BEG tried_VBN out_RP at_IN present_NN ._. H06 179 ^ there_EX is_BEZ ,_, however_RB ,_, a_AT danger_NN that_CS H06 179 workers_NNS will_MD rely_VB too_QL much_RB on_IN H06 180 fixed_JJ devices_NNS because_CS they_PP3AS fail_VB to_TO recognise_VB H06 180 their_PP$ limitations_NNS ._. ^ it_PP3 is_BEZ H06 181 therefore_RB safer_JJR both_ABX in_IN principle_NN and_CC practice_NN H06 181 to_TO keep_VB the_ATI worker_NN H06 182 away_RP from_IN overhead_JJB lines_NNS wherever_WRB H06 182 possible_JJ ,_, \0e.g_RB ,_, by_IN H06 184 (_( 1_CD1 )_) re-routing_VBG the_ATI line_NN ,_, H06 185 (_( 2_CD )_) putting_VBG the_ATI supply_NN underground_RB ,_, H06 186 (_( 3_CD )_) making_VBG the_ATI line_NN dead_JJ (_( after_IN H06 186 consultation_NN with_IN the_ATI supply_NN H06 187 authority_NN )_) ,_, H06 188 (_( 4_CD )_) providing_VBG barriers_NNS at_IN a_AT safe_JJ H06 188 distance_NN to_TO prevent_VB vehicles_NNS H06 189 from_IN approaching_VBG the_ATI line_NN ,_, or_CC height_NN gauges_NNS H06 189 or_CC *'_*' goal_NN posts_NNS **'_**' at_IN H06 190 points_NNS where_WRB vehicles_NNS must_MD pass_VB below_IN the_ATI H06 190 line_NN ,_, H06 191 (_( 5_CD )_) providing_VBG look-out_JJB men_NNS or_CC banksmen_NNS H06 191 ._. H06 193 ^ it_PP3 is_BEZ also_RB important_JJ to_TO remember_VB that_CS on_IN H06 193 lines_NNS carrying_VBG the_ATI H06 194 higher_JJR voltages_NNS flashover_NN from_IN the_ATI line_NN may_MD H06 194 take_VB place_NN without_IN actual_JJ H06 195 contact_NN ._. H06 196 ^ b_ZZ ._. ^ engineering_NN developments_NNS ._. H06 197 ^ leather_NN industry_NN *-_*- leather_VB rolls_NNS ._. H06 198 ^ a_AT new_JJ type_NN of_IN machine_NN has_HVZ recently_RB been_BEN H06 198 developed_VBN for_IN the_ATI H06 199 automatic_JJ rolling_NN of_IN sole_NN leather_NN bends_NNS ._. ^ H06 199 the_ATI sheet_NN of_IN leather_NN is_BEZ H06 200 placed_VBN on_IN a_AT sliding_JJ feed_NN tray_NN outside_IN the_ATI H06 200 danger_NN zone_NN and_CC is_BEZ then_RN H06 201 pushed_VBN forward_RB between_IN two_CD platens_NNS ,_, the_ATI H06 201 upper_JJB one_CD1 carrying_VBG a_AT set_NN of_IN H06 202 small_JJ rollers_NNS ._. ^ the_ATI lower_JJR platen_NN ,_, which_WDTR H06 202 supports_VBZ the_ATI leather_NN ,_, is_BEZ H06 203 raised_VBN hydraulically_RB to_TO bring_VB it_PP3 into_IN contact_NN H06 203 with_IN the_ATI rollers_NNS on_IN the_ATI H06 204 upper_JJB platen_NN ,_, which_WDTR is_BEZ then_RN caused_VBN to_TO H06 204 make_VB several_AP horizontal_JJ H06 205 oscillations_NNS so_CS that_CS" the_ATI leather_NN is_BEZ rolled_VBN H06 205 and_CC pressed_VBN at_IN the_ATI same_AP H06 206 time_NN ._. ^ the_ATI danger_NN zone_NN between_IN the_ATI platens_NNS H06 206 is_BEZ fenced_VBN by_IN a_AT guard_NN which_WDTR H06 207 is_BEZ interlocked_VBN with_IN the_ATI hydraulic_JJ valve_NN and_CC H06 207 the_ATI press_NN is_BEZ also_RB H06 208 sequentially_RB operated_VBN :_: the_ATI closing_NN of_IN the_ATI H06 208 shutter_NN starts_VBZ the_ATI machine_NN ,_, H06 209 the_ATI rest_NN of_IN the_ATI cycle_NN following_VBG automatically_RB H06 209 ._. H06 210 ^ brickmaking_NN machinery_NN *-_*- new_JJ sanding_NN method_NN ._. H06 211 ^ a_AT new_JJ method_NN of_IN applying_VBG sand_NN to_IN the_ATI H06 211 faces_NNS of_IN green_JJ bricks_NNS has_HVZ H06 212 recently_RB been_BEN developed_VBN ._. ^ in_IN the_ATI case_NN of_IN H06 212 wire-cut_JJ bricks_NNS the_ATI column_NN of_IN H06 213 clay_NN from_IN the_ATI pug-mill_NN is_BEZ carried_VBN by_IN a_AT H06 213 short_JJ length_NN of_IN belt_NN conveyor_NN H06 214 to_IN the_ATI sanding_NN plant_NN ._. ^ this_DT consists_VBZ H06 214 basically_RB of_IN a_AT vibrating_JJ hopper_NN H06 215 from_IN which_WDTR the_ATI sand_NN is_BEZ distributed_VBN to_IN all_ABN H06 215 four_CD faces_NNS by_IN a_AT system_NN of_IN H06 216 slots_NNS ,_, scrapers_NNS and_CC worms_NNS ._. ^ the_ATI conveyor_NN H06 216 is_BEZ broken_VBN at_IN this_DT point_NN to_TO H06 217 enable_VB the_ATI sand_NN to_TO be_BE applied_VBN to_IN the_ATI H06 217 under_JJB surface_NN of_IN the_ATI column_NN ,_, H06 218 which_WDTR passes_VBZ on_RP through_IN two_CD pairs_NNS of_IN H06 218 vibrating_JJ rollers_NNS which_WDTR embed_VB the_ATI H06 219 sand_NN firmly_RB in_IN the_ATI surfaces_NNS and_CC is_BEZ finally_RB H06 219 cut_VBN into_IN bricks_NNS at_IN the_ATI wire_NN H06 220 cutting_NN table_NN ._. H07 2 of_IN over_RB 7,000,000_CD square_JJ feet_NNS of_IN factory_NN space_NN H07 2 built_VBN by_IN the_ATI H07 3 development_NN corporations_NNS ,_, about_RB 20_CD per_NNU cent_NNU" H07 3 represents_VBZ extensions_NNS H07 4 built_VBN after_CS the_ATI firms_NNS had_HVD become_VBN established_VBN H07 4 ._. H07 5 ^ it_PP3 is_BEZ the_ATI policy_NN of_IN the_ATI corporations_NNS H07 5 to_TO charge_VB full_JJ rack-rents_NNS or_CC H07 6 ground_NN rents_NNS for_IN their_PP$ factories_NNS or_CC industrial_JJ H07 6 sites_NNS ;_; and_CC rents_NNS vary_VB H07 7 considerably_RB according_IN to_IN" the_ATI demand_NN for_IN factory_NN H07 7 accommodation_NN ._. ^ the_ATI H07 8 average_JJ gross_JJ return_NN on_IN established_JJ industrial_JJ H07 8 estates_NNS ranges_VBZ from_IN 7_CD H07 9 to_IN 9_CD per_NNU cent_NNU" of_IN the_ATI capital_NN expenditure_NN H07 9 on_IN land_NN ,_, site_NN works_NNS and_CC H07 10 buildings_NNS ._. H07 11 ^ manufacturing_NN industry_NN affords_VBZ employment_NN to_IN H07 11 large_JJ numbers_NNS of_IN H07 12 non-manual_JJ as_CC well_CC" as_CC" manual_JJ workers_NNS ._. ^ an_AT H07 12 analysis_NN made_VBN by_IN Crawley_NP H07 13 development_NN corporation_NN in_IN 1958_CD ,_, after_IN collating_VBG H07 13 replies_NNS from_IN H07 14 fifty-eight_CD manufacturing_NN firms_NNS employing_VBG over_RB nine_CD H07 14 thousand_CD staff_NN ,_, H07 15 showed_VBD that_CS 5_CD per_NNU cent_NNU" of_IN the_ATI staff_NN H07 15 were_BED classed_VBN as_CS managerial_JJ and_CC H07 16 administrative_JJ ,_, 11_CD per_NNU cent_NNU" as_CS technical_JJ or_CC H07 16 employed_VBN in_IN research_NN and_CC H07 17 19_CD per_NNU cent_NNU" as_CS clerical_JJ ._. ^ there_EX is_BEZ no_ATI H07 17 reason_NN to_TO suppose_VB that_CS this_DT H07 18 pattern_NN is_BEZ peculiar_JJ to_IN Crawley_NP ._. H07 19 ^ the_ATI development_NN corporations_NNS have_HV aimed_VBN at_IN H07 19 a_AT varied_JJ pattern_NN of_IN H07 20 industry_NN ,_, offering_VBG a_AT reasonable_JJ choice_NN of_IN H07 20 employer_NN as_CC well_CC" as_CC" choice_NN H07 21 of_IN occupation_NN for_IN men_NNS ,_, women_NNS and_CC H07 21 school-leavers_NNS ,_, with_IN due_JJ regard_NN to_IN H07 22 the_ATI industries_NNS already_RB established_VBN in_IN their_PP$ H07 22 towns_NNS ._. ^ inevitably_RB H07 23 engineering_NN ,_, including_IN the_ATI motor_NN vehicle_NN and_CC H07 23 aircraft_NN industries_NNS ,_, H07 24 predominates_VBZ in_IN all_ABN the_ATI London_NP new_JJ towns_NNS H07 24 since_CS these_DTS are_BER among_IN the_ATI H07 25 industries_NNS which_WDTR have_HV expanded_VBN most_RBT during_IN H07 25 the_ATI last_AP ten_CD years_NNS in_IN the_ATI H07 26 country_NN generally_RB ._. ^ of_IN those_DTS at_IN present_NN H07 26 employed_VBN in_IN manufacturing_NN H07 27 industry_NN in_IN the_ATI eight_CD London_NP new_JJ towns_NNS about_RB H07 27 40_CD per_NNU cent_NNU" are_BER employed_VBN H07 28 in_IN engineering_NN and_CC electrical_JJ goods_NNS manufacture_NN H07 28 *-_*- the_ATI proportion_NN H07 29 employed_VBN in_IN both_ABX these_DTS groups_NNS combined_VBN H07 29 varies_VBZ from_IN about_RB 30_CD per_NNU cent_NNU" H07 30 in_IN Welwyn_NP to_IN 85_CD per_NNU cent_NNU" in_IN Stevenage_NP and_CC H07 30 90_CD per_NNU cent_NNU" in_IN Hatfield_NP ._. H07 31 ^ these_DTS figures_NNS are_BER much_RB higher_JJR than_IN the_ATI H07 31 national_JJ averages_NNS ,_, and_CC may_MD be_BE H07 32 thought_VBN to_TO indicate_VB a_AT lack_NN of_IN balance_NN in_IN H07 32 some_DTI of_IN the_ATI towns_NNS ._. ^ on_IN the_ATI H07 33 other_AP hand_NN these_DTS groups_NNS offer_VB fairly_RB varied_JJ H07 33 opportunities_NNS of_IN skilled_JJ H07 34 employment_NN and_CC are_BER highly_RB diversified_VBN as_IN H07 34 regards_IN" products_NNS ,_, markets_NNS and_CC H07 35 methods_NNS of_IN manufacture_NN ._. ^ consumer_NN goods_NNS H07 35 industries_NNS such_IN as_IN" the_ATI H07 36 manufacture_NN of_IN food_NN and_CC drink_NN ,_, tobacco_NN ,_, H07 36 clothing_NN and_CC footwear_NN are_BER H07 37 under-represented_JJ in_IN the_ATI new_JJ towns_NNS generally_RB H07 37 though_CS not_XNOT in_IN Basildon_NP H07 38 and_CC Welwyn_NP ._. H07 39 ^ the_ATI following_JJ table_NN indicates_VBZ the_ATI size_NN of_IN H07 39 the_ATI firms_NNS ,_, some_DTI of_IN them_PP3OS H07 40 occupying_VBG more_AP than_IN one_CD1 factory_NN ,_, introduced_VBN H07 40 or_CC sponsored_VBN by_IN H07 41 development_NN corporations_NNS in_IN the_ATI new_JJ towns_NNS :_: H07 42 **[TABLE**]_&FO H07 43 ^ the_ATI overall_JJB average_NN for_IN the_ATI factories_NNS H07 43 sponsored_VBN by_IN development_NN H07 44 corporations_NNS is_BEZ about_RB 170_CD employees_NNS per_IN firm_NN H07 44 ,_, and_CC the_ATI average_NN for_IN each_DT H07 45 of_IN the_ATI London_NP new_JJ towns_NNS is_BEZ roughly_RB the_ATI H07 45 same_AP except_CS at_IN Hatfield_NP ,_, where_WRB H07 46 it_PP3 is_BEZ much_RB lower_JJR ,_, and_CC Stevenage_NP ,_, where_WRB H07 46 it_PP3 is_BEZ much_RB higher_JJR ._. ^ the_ATI H07 47 position_NN at_IN Stevenage_NP is_BEZ accounted_VBN for_IN by_IN H07 47 the_ATI presence_NN of_IN one_CD1 firm_NN H07 48 with_IN 3,700_CD employees_NNS and_CC two_CD others_APS with_IN over_RB H07 48 1,000_CD employees_NNS ._. ^ about_RB H07 49 32_CD per_NNU cent_NNU" of_IN all_ABN the_ATI workers_NNS employed_VBN H07 49 in_IN factories_NNS sponsored_VBN by_IN the_ATI H07 50 development_NN corporations_NNS are_BER employed_VBN by_IN the_ATI H07 50 eleven_CD largest_JJT firms_NNS and_CC H07 51 about_RB 23_CD per_NNU cent_NNU" by_IN the_ATI next_AP group_NN of_IN H07 51 firms_NNS employing_VBG between_IN five_CD H07 52 hundred_CD and_CC one_CD1 thousand_CD workers_NNS ._. H07 53 ^ in_IN factories_NNS sponsored_VBN by_IN the_ATI London_NP new_JJ H07 53 town_NN development_NN H07 54 corporations_NNS the_ATI proportion_NN of_IN female_JJ employees_NNS H07 54 ,_, expressed_VBN as_IN a_AT H07 55 percentage_NN of_IN all_ABN employees_NNS ,_, varies_VBZ from_IN 23_CD H07 55 per_NNU cent_NNU" in_IN Welwyn_NP Garden_NPL H07 56 City_NPL and_CC 24_CD per_NNU cent_NNU" in_IN Hemel_NP Hempstead_NP H07 56 to_IN 35_CD per_NNU cent_NNU" in_IN Basildon_NP and_CC H07 57 55_CD per_NNU cent_NNU" in_IN Hatfield_NP with_IN an_AT average_NN H07 57 of_IN about_RB 30_CD per_NNU cent_NNU" *-_*- rather_RB H07 58 less_AP than_CS in_IN the_ATI country_NN as_IN a_AT whole_NN ._. ^ H07 58 the_ATI figures_NNS for_IN Corby_NP and_CC H07 59 Peterlee_NP (_( where_WRB the_ATI prime_JJB need_NN so_QL far_RB H07 59 has_HVZ been_BEN to_TO provide_VB employment_NN H07 60 for_IN women_NNS and_CC girls_NNS )_) are_BER 82_CD per_NNU cent_NNU" H07 60 and_CC 74_CD per_NNU cent_NNU" respectively_RB ._. H07 61 ^ shops_NNS ._. H07 62 ^ shopping_NN provision_NN in_IN the_ATI new_JJ towns_NNS has_HVZ H07 62 generally_RB been_BEN based_VBN on_IN H07 63 an_AT estimated_JJ need_NN of_IN about_RB eight_CD shops_NNS for_IN H07 63 every_AT thousand_CD people_NNS ,_, this_DT H07 64 being_BEG considered_VBN sufficient_JJ to_TO allow_VB for_IN H07 64 shoppers_NNS coming_VBG into_IN the_ATI town_NN H07 65 from_IN surrounding_JJ areas_NNS ._. ^ distribution_NN over_IN the_ATI H07 65 town_NN as_IN a_AT whole_NN varies_VBZ ,_, H07 66 the_ATI smaller_JJR towns_NNS tending_VBG to_TO rely_VB mainly_RB on_IN H07 66 the_ATI town_NN centres_NNS with_IN a_AP H07 67 few_AP" *'_*' pantry_NN **'_**' shops_NNS in_IN the_ATI H07 67 neighbourhoods_NNS and_CC the_ATI larger_JJR ones_CD1S H07 68 providing_VBG neighbourhood_NN centres_NNS of_IN up_RP to_IN thirty_CD H07 68 or_CC more_AP shops_NNS at_IN the_ATI H07 69 heart_NN of_IN the_ATI residential_JJ areas_NNS ,_, as_CC well_CC" H07 69 as_CC" small_JJ sub-centres_NNS in_IN H07 70 outlying_JJ districts_NNS ._. H07 71 ^ some_DTI development_NN corporations_NNS have_HV sought_VBN to_TO H07 71 attract_VB private_JJ H07 72 investors_NNS by_IN leasing_JJ part_NN of_IN the_ATI shopping_NN H07 72 area_NN to_IN companies_NNS H07 73 experienced_JJ in_IN commercial_JJ development_NN who_WPR have_HV H07 73 undertaken_VBN the_ATI building_NN H07 74 and_CC letting_NN of_IN the_ATI shops_NNS ._. ^ but_CC corporations_NNS H07 74 have_HV generally_RB found_VBN it_PP3 H07 75 more_QL satisfactory_JJ to_TO build_VB themselves_PPLS ,_, leasing_VBG H07 75 the_ATI shops_NNS direct_RB to_IN H07 76 traders_NNS ,_, with_IN breaks_NNS in_IN the_ATI lease_NN to_TO H07 76 enable_VB rents_NNS to_TO be_BE increased_VBN in_IN H07 77 scale_NN with_IN the_ATI rising_JJ prosperity_NN of_IN the_ATI town_NN H07 77 ._. ^ this_DT control_NN over_IN H07 78 lettings_NNS also_RB secures_VBZ a_AT balanced_JJ distribution_NN of_IN H07 78 the_ATI type_NN of_IN shop_NN ,_, to_TO H07 79 meet_VB the_ATI convenience_NN of_IN shoppers_NNS ,_, and_CC a_AT H07 79 reasonable_JJ degree_NN of_IN economic_JJ H07 80 security_NN for_IN the_ATI individual_JJ shopkeeper_NN ._. H07 81 ^ timing_NN has_HVZ proved_VBN an_AT important_JJ factor_NN in_IN H07 81 the_ATI success_NN of_IN the_ATI H07 82 shops_NNS ._. ^ too_QL many_AP at_IN the_ATI start_NN may_MD not_XNOT H07 82 provide_VB a_AT living_NN for_IN the_ATI H07 83 traders_NNS ,_, but_CC too_QL few_AP may_MD result_VB in_IN failure_NN H07 83 to_TO attract_VB custom_NN and_CC the_ATI H07 84 habit_NN of_IN dependence_NN on_IN mobile_JJ shops_NNS ,_, essential_JJ H07 84 in_IN the_ATI early_JJ stages_NNS ,_, H07 85 may_MD be_BE slow_JJ to_TO break_VB if_CS carried_VBN on_RP too_QL H07 85 long_RB ._. ^ the_ATI establishment_NN of_IN H07 86 open_JJ markets_NNS in_IN the_ATI town_NN centres_NNS has_HVZ H07 86 helped_VBN to_TO bring_VB custom_NN to_IN the_ATI H07 87 shops_NNS and_CC the_ATI initial_JJ fears_NNS of_IN some_DTI of_IN H07 87 the_ATI shopkeepers_NNS that_CS their_PP$ H07 88 trade_NN would_MD suffer_VB have_HV proved_VBN unfounded_JJ ._. ^ H07 88 shopping_NN on_IN two_CD levels_NNS has_HVZ H07 89 been_BEN introduced_VBN in_IN a_AT number_NN of_IN towns_NNS and_CC H07 89 has_HVZ added_VBN to_IN the_ATI interest_NN of_IN H07 90 the_ATI town_NN centre_NN ._. ^ all_ABN types_NNS of_IN trader_NN H07 90 have_HV been_BEN encouraged_VBN ,_, from_IN the_ATI H07 91 large_JJ departmental_JJ store_NN to_IN the_ATI small_JJ shoe-mender_NN H07 91 ,_, with_IN banks_NNS H07 92 specially_RB sited_VBN on_IN corners_NNS or_CC in_IN separate_JJ H07 92 courts_NNS to_TO avoid_VB breaking_VBG H07 93 into_IN the_ATI shopping_NN frontage_NN ._. H07 94 ^ as_CS in_IN the_ATI case_NN of_IN factories_NNS and_CC H07 94 industrial_JJ sites_NNS ,_, the_ATI H07 95 corporations'_NNS$ policy_NN has_HVZ been_BEN to_TO charge_VB full_JJ H07 95 commercial_JJ rents_NNS for_IN H07 96 their_PP$ shops_NNS and_CC shopping_NN sites_NNS ._. ^ the_ATI cost_NN H07 96 of_IN town_NN centre_NN development_NN H07 97 has_HVZ been_BEN very_QL high_JJ in_IN some_DTI cases_NNS with_IN H07 97 large_JJ paved_JJ areas_NNS and_CC pleasant_JJ H07 98 amenities_NNS and_CC decorative_JJ features_NNS ._. ^ the_ATI gross_JJ H07 98 return_NN on_IN capital_NN H07 99 expenditure_NN on_IN town_NN and_CC neighbourhood_NN shopping_NN H07 99 centres_VBZ ranges_VBZ from_IN 6_CD H07 100 to_IN 13_CD per_NNU cent_NNU" ._. ^ it_PP3 is_BEZ to_IN their_PP$ H07 100 successful_JJ industrial_JJ and_CC commercial_JJ H07 101 development_NN that_CS the_ATI corporations_NNS must_MD look_VB to_TO H07 101 recoup_VB the_ATI high_JJ costs_NNS H07 102 of_IN main_JJB sewerage_NN and_CC drainage_NN ,_, main_JJB roads_NNS H07 102 and_CC other_AP special_JJ H07 103 development_NN expenditure_NN ._. H07 104 ^ service_NN industry_NN ._. H07 105 ^ in_IN the_ATI early_JJ stages_NNS of_IN a_AT new_JJ town_NN H07 105 most_AP of_IN the_ATI working_JJ H07 106 population_NN are_BER employed_VBN in_IN manufacturing_NN or_CC H07 106 basic_JJ industry_NN ._. ^ in_IN the_ATI H07 107 London_NP new_JJ towns_NNS it_PP3 is_BEZ estimated_VBN that_CS H07 107 between_IN 60_CD per_NNU cent_NNU" and_CC 70_CD per_NNU H07 108 cent_NNU" are_BER so_RB employed_VBN ;_; in_IN the_ATI provincial_JJ H07 108 new_JJ towns_NNS the_ATI figure_NN is_BEZ H07 109 somewhat_RB higher_JJR ._. ^ employment_NN in_IN services_NNS of_IN H07 109 one_CD1 kind_NN or_CC another_DT may_MD be_BE H07 110 expected_VBN to_TO increase_VB as_CS the_ATI towns_NNS approach_VB H07 110 maturity_NN :_: indeed_RB ,_, in_IN the_ATI H07 111 country_NN generally_RB the_ATI proportion_NN of_IN people_NNS so_RB H07 111 employed_VBN is_BEZ growing_VBG H07 112 steadily_RB ._. ^ these_DTS services_NNS develop_VB at_IN their_PP$ H07 112 own_AP pace_NN in_IN response_NN to_IN H07 113 local_JJ demand_NN ,_, however_RB ,_, and_CC little_AP can_MD be_BE H07 113 done_VBN to_TO stimulate_VB them_PP3OS ._. H07 114 ^ office_NN employment_NN ._. H07 115 ^ in_IN practice_NN it_PP3 has_HVZ not_XNOT proved_VBN possible_JJ H07 115 as_RB yet_RB" to_TO attract_VB *'_*' head_JJB H07 116 offices_NNS and_CC administrative_JJ and_CC research_NN H07 116 establishments_NNS including_IN H07 117 sections_NNS of_IN government_NN departments_NNS and_CC other_AP H07 117 public_JJ offices_NNS **'_**' on_IN the_ATI H07 118 scale_NN needed_VBN *'_*' to_TO establish_VB the_ATI character_NN of_IN H07 118 the_ATI town_NN from_IN the_ATI outset_NN H07 119 as_IN one_CD1 of_IN diverse_JJ and_CC balanced_JJ social_JJ H07 119 composition_NN **'_**' as_CS recommended_VBN by_IN H07 120 the_ATI Reith_NP committee_NN ._. ^ except_CS at_IN Hemel_NP H07 120 Hempstead_NP ,_, large_JJ office_NN H07 121 organisations_NNS have_HV until_CS quite_RB recently_RB shown_VBN H07 121 little_AP interest_NN in_IN the_ATI H07 122 new_JJ towns_NNS ,_, probably_RB because_IN of_IN" the_ATI H07 122 difficulty_NN in_IN the_ATI early_JJ years_NNS in_IN H07 123 recruiting_VBG suitable_JJ staff_NN ,_, especially_RB junior_JJ H07 123 staff_NN ,_, locally_RB ._. ^ there_EX is_BEZ H07 124 evidence_NN of_IN greater_JJR interest_NN today_NR ,_, with_IN H07 124 nearly_RB half_ABN a_AT million_CD square_JJ H07 125 feet_NNS of_IN office_NN space_NN under_IN construction_NN *-_*- H07 125 almost_RB as_QL much_AP as_IN the_ATI total_JJ H07 126 area_NN so_QL far_RB completed_VBN ._. ^ this_DT interest_NN is_BEZ H07 126 likely_JJ to_TO grow_VB as_CS employers_NNS H07 127 become_VB aware_JJ of_IN the_ATI advantages_NNS of_IN setting_VBG up_RP H07 127 offices_NNS in_IN towns_NNS with_IN a_AT H07 128 young_JJ and_CC growing_JJ population_NN and_CC excellent_JJ H07 128 schools_NNS and_CC technical_JJ H07 129 colleges_NNS ._. ^ towards_IN the_ATI end_NN of_IN the_ATI year_NN H07 129 the_ATI Minister_NPT wrote_VBD personally_RB H07 130 to_IN some_DTI two_CD hundred_CD chairmen_NNS of_IN companies_NNS H07 130 with_IN large_JJ offices_NNS in_IN H07 131 central_JJ London_NP ,_, drawing_VBG their_PP$ attention_NN to_IN H07 131 the_ATI opportunities_NNS offered_VBN H07 132 by_IN the_ATI new_JJ towns_NNS ._. H07 133 ^ the_ATI development_NN corporations_NNS have_HV provided_VBN H07 133 office_NN accommodation_NN H07 134 (_( in_IN addition_NN to_IN that_DT included_VBN in_IN factory_NN H07 134 premises_NNS )_) in_IN the_ATI form_NN of_IN H07 135 buildings_NNS specially_RB designed_VBN to_TO meet_VB the_ATI needs_NNS H07 135 of_IN particular_JJ H07 136 organisations_NNS ,_, and_CC have_HV also_RB erected_VBN some_DTI H07 136 buildings_NNS as_IN a_AT speculative_JJ H07 137 venture_NN ._. ^ despite_IN some_DTI misgivings_NNS ,_, these_DTS H07 137 have_HV readily_RB let_VBN on_IN H07 138 satisfactory_JJ terms_NNS ,_, including_IN in_IN many_AP cases_NNS a_AT H07 138 break_NN clause_NN in_IN the_ATI H07 139 lease_NN allowing_VBG for_IN a_AT future_JJB increase_NN in_IN rent_NN H07 139 to_TO reflect_VB rising_JJ values_NNS H07 140 in_IN the_ATI town_NN ._. ^ more_QL modest_JJ premises_NNS are_BER H07 140 provided_VBN on_IN the_ATI upper_JJB floors_NNS H07 141 over_IN shops_NNS in_IN some_DTI of_IN the_ATI town_NN centres_NNS H07 141 for_IN the_ATI small_JJ type_NN of_IN office_NN H07 142 organisation_NN ._. H07 143 ^ government_NN departments_NNS ._. H07 144 ^ government_NN departments_NNS with_IN branches_NNS established_VBN H07 144 or_CC about_RP to_TO be_BE H07 145 established_VBN in_IN the_ATI new_JJ towns_NNS include_VB her_PP$ H07 145 majesty's_NN$ stationery_NN office_NN H07 146 at_IN Basildon_NP ,_, the_ATI meteorological_JJ office_NN at_IN H07 146 Bracknell_NP ,_, the_ATI Admiralty_NP H07 147 (_( who_WPR have_HV a_AT research_NN laboratory_NN at_IN Harlow_NP )_) H07 147 ,_, the_ATI general_JJ post_NN office_NN H07 148 and_CC the_ATI ministry_NN of_IN transport_NN at_IN Hemel_NP H07 148 Hempstead_NP and_CC the_ATI department_NN of_IN H07 149 scientific_JJ and_CC industrial_JJ research_NN at_IN Stevenage_NP ._. ^ H07 149 local_JJ offices_NNS of_IN the_ATI H07 150 ministry_NN of_IN labour_NN ,_, ministry_NN of_IN national_JJ H07 150 insurance_NN and_CC inland_JJB revenue_NN H07 151 are_BER of_RB course_RB" established_VBN or_CC proposed_VBN in_IN H07 151 all_ABN the_ATI towns_NNS ._. H07 152 ^ youth_NN employment_NN ._. H07 153 ^ because_IN of_IN" the_ATI abnormal_JJ age_NN structure_NN of_IN H07 153 the_ATI new_JJ town_NN H07 154 populations_NNS the_ATI number_NN of_IN children_NNS reaching_VBG H07 154 school-leaving_NN age_NN ,_, H07 155 expressed_VBN as_IN a_AT percentage_NN of_IN the_ATI total_JJ H07 155 population_NN ,_, has_HVZ been_BEN and_CC still_RB H07 156 is_BEZ below_IN the_ATI national_JJ average_NN ._. ^ but_CC whereas_CS H07 156 the_ATI national_JJ annual_JJ H07 157 average_NN will_MD settle_VB down_RP at_IN something_PN like_IN 1.4_CD H07 157 per_NNU cent_NNU" after_IN the_ATI H07 158 *'_*' bulge_NN **'_**' has_HVZ passed_VBN ,_, in_IN the_ATI new_JJ H07 158 towns_NNS the_ATI percentage_NN will_MD generally_RB H07 159 go_VB on_RP rising_VBG (_( in_IN some_DTI towns_NNS into_IN the_ATI H07 159 middle_JJB seventies_CDS )_) reaching_VBG levels_NNS H07 160 of_IN perhaps_RB 2.3_CD per_NNU cent_NNU" in_IN some_DTI towns_NNS H07 160 before_CS it_PP3 begins_VBZ to_TO decline_VB ._. H07 161 ^ during_IN this_DT period_NN ,_, when_WRB large_JJ numbers_NNS of_IN H07 161 school-leavers_NNS will_MD be_BE H07 162 looking_VBG for_IN jobs_NNS ,_, there_EX will_MD be_BE relatively_RB H07 162 few_AP retirements_NNS ._. ^ for_IN the_ATI H07 163 most_AP part_NN therefore_RB local_JJ employment_NN can_MD be_BE H07 163 provided_VBN only_RB by_IN the_ATI H07 164 expansion_NN of_IN existing_JJ industry_NN and_CC the_ATI H07 164 introduction_NN of_IN new_JJ factories_NNS ,_, H07 165 laboratories_NNS and_CC offices_NNS ,_, and_CC the_ATI expected_JJ H07 165 but_CC not_XNOT easily_RB stimulated_JJ H07 166 development_NN of_IN the_ATI service_NN industries_NNS ._. ^ H07 166 schemes_NNS for_IN training_VBG young_JJ H07 167 people_NNS in_IN industry_NN and_CC commerce_NN will_MD be_BE H07 167 particularly_RB important_JJ in_IN the_ATI H07 168 new_JJ towns_NNS ._. H07 169 ^ housing_NN requirements_NNS of_IN industry_NN ._. H07 170 ^ as_CS the_ATI Reith_NP committee_NN foresaw_VBD ,_, *'_*' H07 170 perfect_JJ synchronisation_NN of_IN H07 171 the_ATI movement_NN of_IN employing_JJ firms_NNS with_IN the_ATI H07 171 movement_NN of_IN employed_JJ people_NNS H07 172 is_BEZ not_XNOT practicable_JJ **'_**' ._. ^ for_IN short_JJ H07 172 periods_NNS over_IN the_ATI years_NNS some_DTI of_IN the_ATI H07 173 London_NP new_JJ town_NN corporations_NNS have_HV been_BEN able_JJ H07 173 to_TO offer_VB a_AT house_NN or_CC a_AT flat_NN H07 174 at_RB once_RB" to_IN anyone_PN eligible_JJ for_IN one_CD1 ,_, but_CC H07 174 in_RB the_RB" main_RB" house_NN building_NN has_HVZ H07 175 lagged_VBN behind_IN the_ATI demand_NN ._. ^ at_IN the_ATI present_JJ H07 175 time_NN in_IN most_AP of_IN the_ATI towns_NNS H07 176 the_ATI waiting_NN period_NN has_HVZ tended_VBN to_TO grow_VB ,_, H07 176 partly_RB because_CS the_ATI buoyancy_NN of_IN H07 177 industry_NN generates_NNS increasing_JJ demands_NNS ,_, partly_RB H07 177 because_CS in_IN recent_JJ years_NNS H07 178 the_ATI pressure_NN on_IN the_ATI building_NN industry_NN ,_, the_ATI H07 178 shortage_NN of_IN bricks_NNS and_CC H07 179 other_AP materials_NNS ,_, and_CC the_ATI shortage_NN of_IN skilled_JJ H07 179 labour_NN ,_, especially_RB in_IN the_ATI H07 180 finishing_NN trades_NNS ,_, has_HVZ made_VBN it_PP3 difficult_JJ for_IN H07 180 corporations_NNS to_TO achieve_VB H07 181 their_PP$ full_JJ programme_NN ._. H07 182 ^ it_PP3 is_BEZ believed_VBN that_CS about_RB 60_CD per_NNU H07 182 cent_NNU" of_IN the_ATI employees_NNS of_IN London_NP H07 183 firms_NNS transferring_VBG their_PP$ business_NN to_IN the_ATI new_JJ H07 183 towns_NNS moved_VBD with_IN them_PP3OS and_CC H07 184 were_BED thus_RB eligible_JJ to_TO rent_VB a_AT corporation_NN house_NN H07 184 ._. ^ additional_JJ workers_NNS H07 185 are_BER recruited_VBN through_IN the_ATI industrial_JJ selection_NN H07 185 scheme_NN by_IN arrangement_NN H07 186 with_IN the_ATI ministry_NN of_IN labour_NN ._. ^ this_DT scheme_NN H07 186 is_BEZ designed_VBN to_TO ensure_VB that_CS H07 187 vacancies_NNS in_IN the_ATI London_NP new_JJ towns_NNS which_WDTR H07 187 can_MD not_XNOT be_BE filled_VBN locally_RB are_BER H07 188 filled_VBN as_QL far_RB as_CS possible_JJ from_IN people_NNS on_IN H07 188 London_NP housing_NN lists_NNS ,_, who_WPR H07 189 thus_RB become_VB entitled_VBN to_TO rent_VB a_AT house_NN in_IN H07 189 the_ATI new_JJ town_NN ._. ^ Londoners_NNPS not_XNOT H07 190 in_IN housing_NN need_NN ,_, but_CC whose_WP$R departure_NN from_IN H07 190 London_NP may_MD be_BE assumed_VBN to_TO H07 191 release_VB accommodation_NN there_RN ,_, are_BER recruited_VBN for_IN H07 191 jobs_NNS which_WDTR can_MD not_XNOT be_BE H07 192 filled_VBN through_IN the_ATI industrial_JJ selection_NN scheme_NN ,_, H07 192 and_CC only_RB as_IN a_AT last_AP H07 193 resort_NN are_BER people_NNS from_IN outside_IN London_NP allotted_VBN H07 193 new_JJ town_NN houses_NNS ._. ^ as_IN a_AT H07 194 result_NN ,_, almost_RB 80_CD per_NNU cent_NNU" of_IN the_ATI H07 194 houses_NNS let_VBN by_IN the_ATI development_NN H07 195 corporations_NNS in_IN the_ATI London_NP new_JJ towns_NNS have_HV H07 195 gone_VBN to_IN Londoners_NNPS ,_, about_RB H07 196 half_ABN of_IN whom_WPOR are_BER known_VBN to_TO have_HV been_BEN on_IN H07 196 local_JJ authority_NN housing_NN lists_NNS ._. H07 197 ^ tables_NNS C_ZZ ,_, D_ZZ and_CC E_ZZ of_IN appendix_NN 16_CD H07 197 give_VB details_NNS of_IN factories_NNS ,_, H07 198 shops_NNS and_CC offices_NNS completed_VBN and_CC under_IN H07 198 construction_NN at_IN the_ATI end_NN of_IN the_ATI H07 199 year_NN ._. H08 2 apart_IN from_IN" those_DTS in_IN (_( e_ZZ )_) above_RI ,_, H08 2 acceptance_NN of_IN post-release_JJB H08 3 assistance_NN by_IN a_AT prisoner_NN in_IN these_DTS groups_NNS is_BEZ H08 3 entirely_RB voluntary_JJ ;_; he_PP3A may_MD H08 4 not_XNOT be_BE recalled_VBN to_IN prison_NN or_CC have_HV any_DTI H08 4 other_AP sanction_NN applied_VBN to_IN him_PP3O H08 5 for_IN subsequent_JJ refusal_NN to_TO co-operate_VB with_IN the_ATI H08 5 officers_NNS of_IN the_ATI council_NN ,_, H08 6 and_CC no_ATI period_NN of_IN supervision_NN can_MD be_BE laid_VBN H08 6 down_RP ._. ^ we_PP1AS understand_VB that_CS the_ATI H08 7 addition_NN of_IN detention_NN centre_NN inmates_NNS to_IN the_ATI H08 7 above_JJB list_NN is_BEZ being_BEG H08 8 considered_VBN ._. H08 9 ^ from_IN the_ATI discharged_JJ prisoners'_NNS$ aid_NN societies_NNS H08 9 ._. H08 10 ^ 19_CD ._. ^ any_DTI discharged_JJ prisoner_NN may_MD apply_VB (_( H08 10 without_IN being_BEG required_VBN H08 11 to_TO observe_VB any_DTI statutory_JJ or_CC other_AP conditions_NNS )_) H08 11 for_IN post-release_JJB H08 12 assistance_NN from_IN the_ATI discharged_JJ prisoners'_NNS$ aid_NN H08 12 societies_NNS ._. ^ in_IN practice_NN H08 13 most_AP of_IN those_DTS they_PP3AS help_VB are_BER persons_NNS who_WPR H08 13 are_BER not_XNOT under_IN the_ATI care_NN of_IN the_ATI H08 14 after_JJB care_NN council_NN ._. ^ these_DTS are_BER societies_NNS H08 14 approved_VBN by_IN the_ATI Secretary_NPT of_IN H08 15 state_NN under_IN section_NN 18_CD (_( 4_CD )_) of_IN the_ATI H08 15 prisons_NNS (_( Scotland_NP )_) act_NN ,_, 1952_CD ,_, and_CC H08 16 formed_VBN ,_, in_IN the_ATI words_NNS of_IN the_ATI act_NN ,_, *'_*' H08 16 for_IN the_ATI purpose_NN of_IN finding_VBG H08 17 employment_NN for_IN discharged_JJ prisoners_NNS and_CC enabling_VBG H08 17 them_PP3OS by_IN loans_NNS and_CC H08 18 grants_NNS of_IN money_NN to_TO live_VB by_IN honest_JJ labour_NN H08 18 **'_**' ._. ^ there_EX are_BER eight_CD such_ABL H08 19 societies_NNS in_IN Scotland_NP ,_, all_ABN but_IN one_CD1 of_IN H08 19 which_WDTR carry_VB out_RP their_PP$ after-care_NN H08 20 functions_NNS through_IN part-time_JJB agents_NNS ._. ^ they_PP3AS H08 20 receive_VB from_IN the_ATI state_NN H08 21 grants_NNS equal_JJ to_IN half_ABN their_PP$ approved_JJ expenditure_NN H08 21 ;_; for_IN the_ATI rest_NN of_IN their_PP$ H08 22 income_NN they_PP3AS depend_VB on_IN voluntary_JJ contributions_NNS H08 22 and_CC interest_NN from_IN H08 23 investments_NNS ._. ^ the_ATI societies_NNS have_HV formed_VBN a_AT H08 23 national_JJ organisation_NN ,_, the_ATI H08 24 Scottish_JNP association_NN of_IN discharged_JJ prisoners'_NNS$ aid_NN H08 24 societies_NNS ,_, which_WDTR H08 25 acts_VBZ as_IN a_AT co-ordinating_JJ body_NN concerned_VBN primarily_RB H08 25 with_IN policy_NN and_CC H08 26 national_JJ appeals_NNS ._. ^ we_PP1AS shall_MD discuss_VB the_ATI H08 26 place_NN of_IN these_DTS societies_NNS in_IN a_AT H08 27 modern_JJ scheme_NN of_IN after-care_NN in_IN our_PP$ second_OD H08 27 report_NN ._. H08 28 ^ existing_JJ pattern_NN of_IN selection_NN for_IN after-care_NN ._. H08 29 ^ 20_CD ._. ^ the_ATI aim_NN of_IN after-care_NN is_BEZ no_ATI H08 29 doubt_NN to_TO protect_VB society_NN by_IN H08 30 helping_VBG the_ATI offender_NN to_TO re-establish_VB himself_PPL so_CS H08 30 that_CS" he_PP3A does_DOZ not_XNOT fall_VB H08 31 into_IN crime_NN again_RB ._. ^ it_PP3 is_BEZ ,_, however_RB ,_, H08 31 difficult_JJ to_TO trace_VB any_DTI guiding_JJ H08 32 principle_NN in_IN the_ATI existing_JJ pattern_NN of_IN selection_NN H08 32 as_CS described_VBN in_IN H08 33 paragraphs_NNS 17-18_CD-CD above_RI by_IN which_WDTR after-care_NN H08 33 is_BEZ applied_VBN compulsorily_RB ,_, or_CC H08 34 made_VBN available_JJ on_IN a_AT voluntary_JJ basis_NN to_IN certain_JJ H08 34 categories_NNS of_IN prisoner_NN ._. H08 35 ^ the_ATI arrangements_NNS would_MD rather_RB appear_VB to_TO have_HV H08 35 grown_VBN up_RP piecemeal_RB ._. ^ the_ATI H08 36 periods_NNS for_IN which_WDTR prisoners_NNS receive_VB after-care_NN H08 36 also_RB do_DO not_XNOT appear_VB to_TO H08 37 be_BE very_QL effectively_RB related_VBN to_IN its_PP$ objects_NNS ._. ^ H08 37 in_RB general_RB" ,_, the_ATI view_NN H08 38 appears_VBZ to_TO have_HV been_BEN taken_VBN that_CS a_AT person_NN H08 38 released_VBN on_IN licence_NN before_IN H08 39 the_ATI end_NN of_IN his_PP$ sentence_NN should_MD not_XNOT be_BE H08 39 subject_JJ to_IN supervision_NN beyond_IN H08 40 the_ATI date_NN on_IN which_WDTR the_ATI sentence_NN expires_VBZ ._. ^ H08 40 this_DT has_HVZ the_ATI odd_JJ result_NN that_CS H08 41 the_ATI more_AP remission_NN a_AT prisoner_NN loses_VBZ by_IN H08 41 misconduct_NN ,_, the_ATI shorter_JJR his_PP$ H08 42 period_NN on_IN licence_NN ._. ^ that_DT is_BEZ to_TO say_VB ,_, in_IN H08 42 cases_NNS where_WRB rehabilitation_NN H08 43 might_MD be_BE expected_VBN to_TO be_BE particularly_RB difficult_JJ H08 43 the_ATI time_NN available_JJ for_IN H08 44 after-care_NN is_BEZ cut_VBN down_RP ._. ^ apart_IN from_IN" such_ABL H08 44 special_JJ cases_NNS ,_, it_PP3 seems_VBZ to_IN us_PP1OS H08 45 that_CS if_CS the_ATI period_NN of_IN after-care_NN is_BEZ based_VBN H08 45 arithmetically_RB on_IN the_ATI period_NN H08 46 of_IN sentence_NN it_PP3 is_BEZ unlikely_JJ to_TO bear_VB much_AP H08 46 relation_NN to_IN the_ATI prisoner's_NN$ H08 47 individual_JJ needs_NNS ,_, to_IN the_ATI time_NN required_VBN for_IN H08 47 after-care_NN to_TO be_BE effective_JJ ,_, H08 48 or_CC to_IN the_ATI need_NN of_IN ensuring_VBG ,_, in_IN the_ATI H08 48 public_JJ interest_NN ,_, that_CS there_EX may_MD be_BE H08 49 adequate_JJ opportunity_NN given_VBN to_IN the_ATI welfare_NN staff_NN H08 49 to_TO do_DO what_WDT they_PP3AS can_MD to_TO H08 50 get_VB the_ATI man_NN to_TO stand_VB again_RB on_IN his_PP$ own_AP H08 50 two_CD feet_NNS ._. ^ it_PP3 will_MD be_BE very_QL H08 51 seldom_RB that_CS permanent_JJ good_NN can_MD be_BE done_VBN in_IN H08 51 this_DT field_NN under_IN six_CD months_NNS ,_, H08 52 and_CC for_IN assistance_NN to_TO be_BE withdrawn_VBN from_IN a_AT H08 52 discharged_JJ person_NN after_IN ,_, H08 53 perhaps_RB ,_, a_AT matter_NN of_IN weeks_NNS ,_, must_MD all_RB too_QL H08 53 often_RB mean_VB a_AT sorry_JJ waste_NN of_IN H08 54 effort_NN ._. H08 55 ^ 21_CD ._. ^ we_PP1AS are_BER therefore_RB satisfied_VBN that_CS H08 55 a_AT statutory_JJ period_NN of_IN H08 56 after-care_NN must_MD normally_RB be_BE one_CD1 entirely_RB H08 56 independent_JJ of_IN the_ATI particular_JJ H08 57 prisoner's_NN$ period_NN of_IN remission_NN as_CS determined_VBN by_IN H08 57 his_PP$ length_NN of_IN sentence_NN H08 58 and_CC his_PP$ conduct_NN in_IN prison_NN *-_*- good_JJ conduct_NN H08 58 while_CS in_IN custody_NN does_DOZ not_XNOT H08 59 necessarily_RB remove_VB the_ATI need_NN for_IN supervision_NN after_IN H08 59 release_NN ._. ^ it_PP3 must_MD in_IN H08 60 our_PP$ view_NN be_BE fixed_VBN solely_RB with_IN the_ATI H08 60 effectiveness_NN of_IN after-care_NN in_IN view_NN ._. H08 61 ^ compulsory_JJ or_CC voluntary_JJ after-care_NN ._. H08 62 ^ 22_CD ._. ^ there_EX is_BEZ ,_, of_RB course_RB" ,_, an_AT H08 62 element_NN of_IN contradiction_NN in_IN the_ATI H08 63 idea_NN of_IN *'_*' compulsory_JJ after-care_NN **'_**' ._. ^ no_ATI H08 63 man_NN can_MD really_RB be_BE helped_VBN H08 64 against_IN his_PP$ will_NN and_CC a_AT prisoner_NN who_WPR resented_VBD H08 64 the_ATI conditions_NNS attached_VBN H08 65 to_IN after-care_NN could_MD effectively_RB enough_QLP go_VB through_IN H08 65 the_ATI motions_NNS of_IN H08 66 co-operation_NN without_IN deriving_VBG any_DTI benefit_NN ._. ^ H08 66 there_EX is_BEZ no_ATI doubt_NN that_CS H08 67 where_WRB after-care_NN is_BEZ at_RB least_RB" voluntarily_RB H08 67 accepted_VBN ,_, the_ATI chances_NNS of_IN H08 68 success_NN are_BER significantly_RB enhanced_VBN ._. ^ we_PP1AS can_MD H08 68 not_XNOT be_BE satisfied_VBN ,_, however_RB ,_, H08 69 that_CS the_ATI type_NN of_IN prisoner_NN most_RBT in_IN need_NN of_IN H08 69 after-care_NN would_MD always_RB H08 70 willingly_RB ask_VB for_IN it_PP3 ._. ^ he_PP3A might_MD be_BE H08 70 motivated_VBN by_IN misplaced_JJ pride_NN ,_, by_IN H08 71 reluctance_NN to_TO appear_VB to_TO be_BE currying_VBG favour_NN *'_*' H08 71 with_IN the_ATI authorities_NNS **'_**' ,_, H08 72 or_CC by_IN a_AT genuine_JJ inability_NN to_TO realise_VB his_PP$ H08 72 own_AP plight_NN ._. ^ even_RB of_IN those_DTS H08 73 who_WPR might_MD while_CS in_IN prison_NN opt_VB for_IN voluntary_JJ H08 73 after-care_NN ,_, a_AT considerable_JJ H08 74 number_NN ,_, we_PP1AS have_HV been_BEN assured_VBN ,_, would_MD on_IN H08 74 release_NN find_VB any_DTI kind_NN of_IN H08 75 supervision_NN conditions_NNS irksome_JJ and_CC would_MD cease_VB to_TO H08 75 co-operate_VB ._. ^ this_DT H08 76 would_MD involve_VB great_JJ wastage_NN of_IN time_NN and_CC effort_NN H08 76 on_IN the_ATI part_NN of_IN the_ATI H08 77 already_RB burdened_JJ after-care_NN personnel_NNS ._. ^ we_PP1AS H08 77 therefore_RB conclude_VB that_CS any_DTI H08 78 effective_JJ system_NN of_IN after-care_NN must_MD depend_VB on_IN a_AT H08 78 statutory_JJ obligation_NN H08 79 on_IN the_ATI prisoner_NN or_CC inmate_NN to_TO accept_VB help_NN ,_, H08 79 the_ATI value_NN of_IN which_WDTR ,_, we_PP1AS feel_VB H08 80 satisfied_VBN ,_, will_MD be_BE fully_RB explained_VBN to_IN him_PP3O H08 80 by_IN the_ATI staff_NN of_IN the_ATI prison_NN H08 81 or_CC institution_NN before_IN his_PP$ release_NN ._. H08 82 ^ 23_CD ._. ^ nevertheless_RB ,_, we_PP1AS do_DO not_XNOT H08 82 consider_VB that_CS the_ATI work_NN of_IN the_ATI after_JJB H08 83 care_NN council_NN should_MD be_BE confined_VBN to_IN assisting_VBG H08 83 those_DTS who_WPR are_BER statutorily_RB H08 84 placed_VBN under_IN its_PP$ supervision_NN ._. ^ ideally_RB ,_, all_ABN H08 84 discharged_JJ prisoners_NNS and_CC H08 85 inmates_NNS might_MD be_BE required_VBN to_TO accept_VB the_ATI H08 85 council's_NN$ supervision_NN and_CC H08 86 help_NN ._. ^ this_DT is_BEZ manifestly_RB impossible_JJ at_IN the_ATI H08 86 present_JJ time_NN ,_, and_CC H08 87 compulsory_JJ after-care_NN must_MD therefore_RB be_BE put_VBN on_IN H08 87 some_DTI kind_NN of_IN selective_JJ H08 88 basis_NN ._. ^ but_CC we_PP1AS feel_VB that_CS ,_, over_IN and_CC H08 88 above_IN the_ATI after-care_NN of_IN persons_NNS in_IN H08 89 the_ATI selected_JJ categories_NNS ,_, there_EX is_BEZ scope_NN for_IN H08 89 the_ATI council_NN to_TO assist_VB H08 90 other_AP discharged_JJ prisoners_NNS who_WPR are_BER in_IN special_JJ H08 90 need_NN of_IN help_NN and_CC are_BER H08 91 willing_JJ to_TO accept_VB the_ATI discipline_NN that_WPR any_DTI H08 91 form_NN of_IN after-care_NN must_MD H08 92 involve_VB ._. ^ we_PP1AS recognise_VB that_CS there_EX is_BEZ some_DTI H08 92 danger_NN of_IN the_ATI resources_NNS of_IN H08 93 the_ATI after-care_NN service_NN being_BEG strained_VBN by_IN an_AT H08 93 excessive_JJ volume_NN of_IN H08 94 *'_*' voluntary_JJ **'_**' work_NN ,_, and_CC that_CS some_DTI H08 94 method_NN of_IN selection_NN to_TO control_VB it_PP3 H08 95 might_MD become_VB necessary_JJ ._. ^ nevertheless_RB we_PP1AS H08 95 recommend_VB that_CS the_ATI after_JJB care_NN H08 96 council_NN should_MD be_BE given_VBN explicit_JJ power_NN and_CC H08 96 accept_VB supervision_NN although_CS H08 97 they_PP3AS are_BER not_XNOT in_IN the_ATI statutory_JJ categories_NNS H08 97 which_WDTR we_PP1AS propose_VB later_RBR in_IN H08 98 this_DT report_NN ._. H08 99 ^ selection_NN for_IN after-care_NN ._. H08 100 ^ 24_CD ._. ^ since_CS compulsory_JJ after-care_NN for_IN every_AT H08 100 person_NN released_VBN from_IN H08 101 custody_NN is_BEZ not_XNOT feasible_JJ ,_, or_CC indeed_RB necessary_JJ H08 101 ,_, some_DTI scheme_NN of_IN selection_NN H08 102 must_MD operate_VB ._. ^ some_DTI recommendations_NNS on_IN this_DT H08 102 subject_NN have_HV already_RB been_BEN H08 103 made_VBN in_IN the_ATI advisory_JJ council's_NN$ reports_NNS on_IN H08 103 custodial_JJ sentences_NNS for_IN H08 104 young_JJ offenders_NNS (_( published_VBN in_IN July_NR ,_, 1960_CD )_) H08 104 and_CC on_IN short_JJ sentences_NNS of_IN H08 105 imprisonment_NN (_( published_VBN in_IN May_NR ,_, 1960_CD )_) ._. ^ H08 105 we_PP1AS refer_VB to_IN the_ATI effect_NN of_IN our_PP$ H08 106 own_AP proposals_NNS on_IN these_DTS recommendations_NNS in_IN the_ATI H08 106 summary_NN of_IN H08 107 recommendations_NNS in_IN paragraph_NN 53_CD below_RI ._. H08 108 ^ (_( a_ZZ )_) ._. ^ method_NN of_IN selection_NN ._. H08 109 ^ 25_CD ._. ^ we_PP1AS have_HV considered_VBN a_AT number_NN of_IN H08 109 possible_JJ methods_NNS of_IN H08 110 selection_NN ,_, but_CC in_IN the_ATI end_NN we_PP1AS have_HV H08 110 concluded_VBN that_CS at_IN present_NN the_ATI one_CD1 H08 111 that_WPR is_BEZ most_QL satisfactory_JJ is_BEZ the_ATI application_NN H08 111 of_IN compulsory_JJ after-care_NN H08 112 to_IN categories_NNS of_IN inmates_NNS and_CC prisoners_NNS clearly_RB H08 112 specified_VBN in_IN statute_NN ._. H08 113 ^ we_PP1AS refer_VB below_RI to_IN the_ATI other_AP possibilities_NNS H08 113 we_PP1AS have_HV discussed_VBN :_: H08 114 ^ (_( 1_CD1 )_) ._. ^ selection_NN by_IN the_ATI court_NN ._. H08 115 ^ it_PP3 is_BEZ arguable_JJ ,_, on_IN the_ATI view_NN that_CS H08 115 compulsory_JJ after-care_NN ,_, where_WRB H08 116 it_PP3 is_BEZ appropriate_JJ ,_, is_BEZ part_NN of_IN the_ATI H08 116 sentence_NN imposed_VBN ,_, that_CS the_ATI court_NN H08 117 should_MD select_VB the_ATI offenders_NNS who_WPR would_MD be_BE H08 117 likely_JJ to_TO benefit_VB from_IN H08 118 after-care_NN ,_, and_CC include_VB an_AT appropriate_JJ period_NN H08 118 in_IN the_ATI sentence_NN ._. ^ but_CC we_PP1AS H08 119 doubt_VB whether_CS the_ATI court_NN ,_, except_CS perhaps_RB where_WRB H08 119 the_ATI sentence_NN was_BEDZ a_AT very_QL H08 120 short_JJ one_CD1 ,_, could_MD actually_RB assess_VB at_IN the_ATI H08 120 time_NN of_IN imposing_VBG it_PP3 what_WDT would_MD H08 121 be_BE the_ATI offender's_NN$ needs_NNS when_WRB the_ATI time_NN H08 121 came_VBD for_IN him_PP3O to_TO leave_VB prison_NN ._. H08 122 ^ the_ATI court_NN might_MD ,_, possibly_RB ,_, impose_VB after-care_NN H08 122 by_IN categories_NNS ,_, but_CC this_DT H08 123 would_MD only_RB be_BE doing_VBG what_WDT could_MD more_QL H08 123 effectively_RB be_BE done_VBN by_IN act_NN of_IN H08 124 parliament_NN ._. ^ selection_NN by_IN the_ATI courts_NNS of_IN H08 124 individual_JJ cases_NNS would_MD ,_, we_PP1AS H08 125 fear_VB ,_, result_VB in_IN much_AP resentment_NN on_IN the_ATI part_NN H08 125 of_IN those_DTS chosen_VBN for_IN it_PP3 ;_; H08 126 few_AP would_MD appreciate_VB the_ATI court's_NN$ reason_NN for_IN H08 126 choosing_VBG them_PP3OS rather_RB than_IN H08 127 others_APS ,_, and_CC some_DTI would_MD regard_VB the_ATI period_NN H08 127 of_IN after-care_NN as_IN an_AT addition_NN H08 128 to_IN the_ATI sentence_NN ._. ^ they_PP3AS would_MD thus_RB be_BE in_IN H08 128 a_AT bad_JJ frame_NN of_IN mind_NN to_TO start_VB H08 129 the_ATI training_NN which_WDTR now_RN begins_VBZ on_IN admission_NN H08 129 to_IN prison_NN ._. ^ successful_JJ H08 130 prison_NN training_NN must_MD be_BE a_AT favourable_JJ factor_NN for_IN H08 130 resettlement_NN after_IN H08 131 release_NN ,_, but_CC if_CS the_ATI prisoner_NN started_VBD it_PP3 H08 131 with_IN a_AT feeling_NN of_IN resentment_NN H08 132 his_PP$ co-operation_NN would_MD be_BE more_QL difficult_JJ to_TO H08 132 secure_VB ._. ^ it_PP3 seems_VBZ to_IN us_PP1OS H08 133 better_JJR that_CS after-care_NN should_MD be_BE attached_VBN by_IN H08 133 the_ATI law_NN to_IN certain_JJ H08 134 custodial_JJ sentences_NNS rather_RB than_CS that_CS it_PP3 should_MD H08 134 have_HV an_AT appearance_NN *-_*- in_IN H08 135 the_ATI minds_NNS of_IN some_DTI offenders_NNS *-_*- of_IN being_BEG H08 135 an_AT additional_JJ element_NN that_WPR H08 136 courts_NNS may_MD add_VB to_IN the_ATI normal_JJ sentence_NN at_IN H08 136 their_PP$ discretion_NN ._. H08 137 ^ (_( 2_CD )_) ._. ^ selection_NN by_IN prison_NN staff_NN ,_, or_CC H08 137 by_IN a_AT prison_NN board_NN ,_, or_CC by_IN the_ATI H08 138 secretary_NN of_IN state_NN ._. H08 139 ^ the_ATI Governor_NPT of_IN a_AT prison_NN and_CC his_PP$ senior_JJ H08 139 staff_NN ,_, including_IN the_ATI H08 140 prison_NN welfare_NN officer_NN ,_, could_MD theoretically_RB choose_VB H08 140 deserving_JJ cases_NNS for_IN H08 141 after-care_NN ,_, or_CC make_VB recommendations_NNS to_IN a_AT board_NN H08 141 consisting_VBG of_IN members_NNS H08 142 of_IN the_ATI visiting_JJ committee_NN ._. ^ as_CS ,_, however_RB ,_, H08 142 the_ATI basis_NN of_IN selection_NN would_MD H08 143 be_BE in_RB the_RB" main_RB" the_ATI prisoner's_NN$ conduct_NN and_CC H08 143 progress_NN while_CS in_IN prison_NN H08 144 there_EX might_MD be_BE a_AT tendency_NN to_TO choose_VB the_ATI man_NN H08 144 who_WPR simply_RB avoided_VBD getting_VBG H08 145 into_IN trouble_NN ._. ^ it_PP3 would_MD ,_, we_PP1AS think_VB ,_, H08 145 be_BE likely_JJ to_TO create_VB discontent_NN H08 146 among_IN the_ATI body_NN of_IN prisoners_NNS to_TO have_HV the_ATI H08 146 prison_NN staff_NN ,_, or_CC any_DTI board_NN H08 147 acting_VBG on_IN their_PP$ advice_NN ,_, choose_VB certain_JJ men_NNS H08 147 as_IN apparently_RB better_JJR ,_, or_CC H08 148 worse_JJR ,_, post-release_JJB risks_NNS than_IN others_APS ._. ^ H08 148 this_DT would_MD certainly_RB be_BE H08 149 discouraging_JJ to_IN the_ATI prisoner_NN who_WPR might_MD have_HV H08 149 welcomed_VBN after-care_NN and_CC H08 150 who_WPR was_BEDZ not_XNOT chosen_VBN ,_, but_CC conversely_RB ,_, H08 150 would_MD encourage_VB the_ATI prisoner_NN who_WPR H08 151 did_DOD not_XNOT want_VB supervision_NN to_TO behave_VB in_IN such_ABL H08 151 a_AT way_NN as_CS not_XNOT to_TO be_BE selected_VBN H08 152 or_CC recommended_VBN ._. ^ in_IN the_ATI end_NN ,_, the_ATI H08 152 Governor_NPT and_CC his_PP$ staff_NN would_MD be_BE H08 153 inclined_VBN to_TO avoid_VB the_ATI invidiousness_NN of_IN selection_NN H08 153 by_IN recommending_VBG H08 154 almost_RB every_AT prisoner_NN ,_, or_CC none_PN ._. H08 155 ^ placing_VBG the_ATI ultimate_JJ decision_NN for_IN selection_NN H08 155 on_IN the_ATI Secretary_NPT of_IN H08 156 state_NN might_MD appear_VB to_TO remove_VB the_ATI onus_NN from_IN H08 156 the_ATI prison_NN staff_NN or_CC prison_NN H08 157 board_NN ._. ^ the_ATI Secretary_NPT of_IN state_NN ,_, however_RB ,_, H08 157 would_MD have_HV to_TO rely_VB on_IN reports_NNS H08 158 from_IN the_ATI prison_NN and_CC welfare_NN staffs_NNS ,_, and_CC H08 158 sooner_RBR or_CC later_RBR this_DT would_MD be_BE H08 159 known_VBN to_IN the_ATI prisoners_NNS ._. ^ all_ABN the_ATI H08 159 undesirable_JJ consequences_NNS of_IN selection_NN H08 160 would_MD still_RB remain_VB ._. H08 161 ^ (_( 3_CD )_) ._. ^ opting_NN by_IN prisoners_NNS ,_, with_IN H08 161 earlier_JJR release_NN ._. H08 162 ^ the_ATI suggestion_NN that_CS a_AT prisoner_NN who_WPR H08 162 voluntarily_RB accepted_VBD H08 163 after-care_NN might_MD thereby_RB qualify_VB for_IN earlier_JJR H08 163 release_NN ,_, through_IN ,_, H08 164 possibly_RB ,_, a_AT higher_JJR rate_NN of_IN remission_NN ,_, is_BEZ H08 164 at_IN first_OD sight_NN not_XNOT H08 165 unattractive_JJ ._. ^ we_PP1AS have_HV been_BEN assured_VBN ,_, H08 165 however_RB ,_, that_CS every_AT prisoner_NN H08 166 would_MD be_BE only_RB too_QL willing_JJ to_TO make_VB a_AT show_NN H08 166 of_IN accepting_JJ after-care_NN if_CS H08 167 earlier_JJR release_NN were_BED the_ATI consequence_NN ._. ^ the_ATI H08 167 proposal_NN would_MD inevitably_RB H08 168 involve_VB some_DTI kind_NN of_IN selection_NN ,_, with_IN the_ATI H08 168 attendant_JJ evils_NNS ,_, and_CC we_PP1AS do_DO H08 169 not_XNOT think_VB the_ATI prison_NN staff_NN ,_, or_CC any_DTI other_AP H08 169 staff_NN ,_, should_MD have_HV in_IN their_PP$ H08 170 hands_NNS what_WDT would_MD amount_VB to_IN a_AT wide_JJ power_NN to_TO H08 170 confer_VB earlier_JJR release_NN ._. H08 171 ^ there_EX would_MD ,_, moreover_RB ,_, be_BE some_DTI risk_NN that_CS H08 171 those_DTS who_WPR opted_VBD would_MD be_BE H08 172 regarded_VBN by_IN the_ATI others_APS as_CS seeking_VBG the_ATI H08 172 favour_NN of_IN the_ATI prison_NN staff_NN ,_, and_CC H08 173 some_DTI might_MD opt_VB in_IN the_ATI expectation_NN of_IN more_QL H08 173 considerate_JJ treatment_NN ,_, for_IN H08 174 example_NN ,_, by_IN getting_VBG the_ATI better_JJR kind_NN of_IN H08 174 jobs_NNS in_IN prison_NN ._. ^ opting_VBG for_IN H08 175 after-care_NN with_IN any_DTI kind_NN of_IN reward_NN attached_VBN H08 175 must_MD in_IN our_PP$ opinion_NN be_BE H08 176 ruled_VBN out_RP at_IN the_ATI present_JJ time_NN ._. H08 177 ^ 26_CD ._. ^ any_DTI of_IN these_DTS methods_NNS of_IN selection_NN H08 177 involves_VBZ consequences_NNS which_WDTR H08 178 we_PP1AS think_VB are_BER unacceptable_JJ ._. ^ other_AP strong_JJ H08 178 objections_NNS to_IN these_DTS methods_NNS H08 179 are_BER the_ATI prisoner's_NN$ uncertainty_NN whether_CS he_PP3A H08 179 will_MD be_BE selected_VBN and_CC the_ATI H08 180 difficulty_NN of_IN deciding_VBG the_ATI best_JJT time_NN for_IN H08 180 selection_NN ._. ^ it_PP3 is_BEZ clearly_RB H08 181 undesirable_JJ that_CS the_ATI prisoner_NN should_MD have_HV to_TO H08 181 serve_VB perhaps_RB the_ATI better_JJR H08 182 part_NN of_IN his_PP$ sentence_NN not_XNOT knowing_VBG whether_CS H08 182 he_PP3A will_MD get_VB after-care_NN help_NN H08 183 on_IN release_NN ,_, or_CC that_CS the_ATI welfare_NN staff_NN H08 183 should_MD not_XNOT know_VB in_IN good_JJ time_NN the_ATI H08 184 prisoners_NNS they_PP3AS will_MD be_BE required_VBN to_TO help_VB ._. ^ H08 184 if_CS conduct_NN in_IN prison_NN were_BED a_AT H08 185 deciding_JJ consideration_NN selection_NN would_MD tend_VB to_TO be_BE H08 185 left_VBN to_IN a_AT time_NN near_IN H08 186 the_ATI date_NN of_IN release_NN ._. ^ if_CS a_AT prisoner_NN is_BEZ H08 186 going_VBG to_TO get_VB after-care_NN he_PP3A H08 187 should_MD know_VB it_PP3 as_QL soon_RB as_CS he_PP3A starts_VBZ his_PP$ H08 187 sentence_NN ._. H08 188 ^ 27_CD ._. ^ we_PP1AS therefore_RB conclude_VB that_CS the_ATI H08 188 only_AP method_NN of_IN avoiding_VBG the_ATI H08 189 difficulties_NNS of_IN individual_JJ selection_NN and_CC of_IN H08 189 ensuring_VBG that_CS a_AT prisoner_NN H08 190 is_BEZ at_IN no_ATI time_NN in_IN any_DTI doubt_NN where_WRB he_PP3A H08 190 stands_VBZ in_IN relation_NN to_IN after-care_NN H08 191 is_BEZ to_TO specify_VB ,_, in_IN statute_NN ,_, the_ATI categories_NNS H08 191 of_IN prisoners_NNS to_IN whom_WPOR H08 192 after-care_NN is_BEZ to_TO be_BE applied_VBN ._. H09 2 we_PP1AS have_HV already_RB been_BEN pleased_JJ to_TO be_BE able_JJ H09 2 to_TO place_VB our_PP$ records_NNS at_IN the_ATI H09 3 disposal_NN of_IN the_ATI Cambridge_NP institute_NN of_IN H09 3 criminology_NN in_IN a_AT study_NN of_IN some_DTI H09 4 aspects_NNS of_IN preventive_JJ detention_NN ._. H09 5 ^ 38_CD ._. ^ on_IN a_AT more_QL favourable_JJ note_NN we_PP1AS H09 5 quote_VB the_ATI experience_NN of_IN one_CD1 of_IN H09 6 the_ATI major_JJ combined_JJ area_NN probation_NN committees_NNS ,_, H09 6 whose_WP$R annual_JJ report_NN H09 7 states_VBZ that_CS 83_CD per_NNU cent_NNU" of_IN its_PP$ prison_NN H09 7 after-care_NN cases_NNS completed_VBD their_PP$ H09 8 supervision_NN satisfactorily_RB compared_VBN with_IN 72_CD per_NNU H09 8 cent_NNU" ex-borstal_JJB and_CC 47_CD H09 9 per_NNU cent_NNU" ex-approved_JJB school_NN cases_NNS ._. ^ the_ATI H09 9 ex-prisoners_NNS were_BED the_ATI largest_JJT H09 10 group_NN out_RP of_IN a_AT total_NN of_IN 185_CD persons_NNS from_IN H09 10 all_ABN three_CD sources_NNS ._. H09 11 ^ 39_CD ._. ^ it_PP3 is_BEZ never_RB easy_JJ to_TO forecast_VB H09 11 how_WRB any_DTI man_NN will_MD respond_VB to_IN H09 12 after-care_NN so_CS that_CS" we_PP1AS were_BED dubious_JJ of_IN the_ATI H09 12 prospects_NNS for_IN \0W_NP ..._... ,_, a_AT man_NN H09 13 of_IN 39_CD with_IN a_AT criminal_JJ history_NN stretching_VBG back_RP H09 13 25_CD years_NNS ._. ^ on_IN his_PP$ H09 14 eleventh_OD appearance_NN before_IN the_ATI court_NN he_PP3A had_HVD H09 14 received_VBN a_AT sentence_NN of_IN 8_CD H09 15 years'_NNS$ preventive_JJ detention_NN ._. ^ in_IN prison_NN he_PP3A H09 15 was_BEDZ described_VBN as_IN an_AT unhappy_JJ H09 16 creature_NN who_WPR had_HVD started_VBN life_NN badly_RB *-_*- an_AT H09 16 unreliable_JJ and_CC untrustworthy_JJ H09 17 man_NN who_WPR had_HVD steadily_RB deteriorated_VBN over_IN the_ATI H09 17 years_NNS until_CS he_PP3A possessed_VBD H09 18 neither_DTX the_ATI inclination_NN nor_CC determination_NN to_TO H09 18 mend_VB his_PP$ ways_NNS ._. ^ \0W_NP ..._... H09 19 was_BEDZ placed_VBN in_IN the_ATI care_NN of_IN one_CD1 of_IN our_PP$ H09 19 associates_NNS whom_WPOR he_PP3A met_VBD regularly_RB H09 20 for_IN the_ATI next_AP eighteen_CD months_NNS ._. ^ during_IN this_DT H09 20 time_NN \0W_NP ..._... became_VBD aware_JJ of_IN H09 21 his_PP$ own_AP problems_NNS and_CC limitations_NNS ,_, but_CC in_IN H09 21 the_ATI associate's_NN$ skilled_JJ care_NN H09 22 he_PP3A was_BEDZ also_RB made_VBN aware_JJ of_IN his_PP$ own_AP H09 22 potential_NN ._. ^ to_IN his_PP$ amazement_NN he_PP3A H09 23 remained_VBD in_IN the_ATI same_AP job_NN throughout_IN his_PP$ H09 23 supervision_NN and_CC proved_VBD to_IN H09 24 himself_PPL that_CS there_EX was_BEDZ no_ATI need_NN for_IN him_PP3O H09 24 to_TO return_VB to_IN crime_NN ._. ^ he_PP3A has_HVZ ,_, in_IN H09 25 fact_NN ,_, retained_VBN a_AT friendly_JJ contact_NN with_IN our_PP$ H09 25 associate_NN although_CS his_PP$ H09 26 statutory_JJ period_NN of_IN supervision_NN has_HVZ long_RB since_RI H09 26 ended_VBN ._. H09 27 ^ 40_CD ._. ^ our_PP$ case_NN histories_NNS are_BER not_XNOT all_ABN H09 27 so_QL successful_JJ ._. ^ \0J_NP ..._... was_BEDZ H09 28 also_RB released_VBN from_IN a_AT sentence_NN of_IN eight_CD H09 28 years'_NNS$ preventive_JJ detention_NN ._. H09 29 ^ in_IN this_DT instance_NN business_NN man_NN in_IN the_ATI north_NR H09 29 of_IN England_NP H09 30 offered_VBD to_TO find_VB work_NN and_CC lodgings_NNS for_IN him_PP3O H09 30 ._. ^ in_IN addition_NN to_IN his_PP$ fare_NN H09 31 and_CC subsistence_NN on_IN leaving_VBG the_ATI prison_NN he_PP3A H09 31 received_VBD immediate_JJ aid_NN from_IN H09 32 the_ATI national_JJ assistance_NN board_NN until_CS he_PP3A H09 32 received_VBD his_PP$ first_OD week's_NN$ H09 33 wages_NNS ,_, and_CC working_NN clothes_NNS through_IN our_PP$ H09 33 associate_NN ._. ^ his_PP$ new_JJ employer_NN H09 34 found_VBD him_PP3O a_AT furnished_JJ flat_NN and_CC being_BEG H09 34 connected_VBN with_IN a_AT local_JJ football_NN H09 35 club_NN provided_VBD him_PP3O with_IN a_AT season_NN ticket_NN ._. ^ H09 35 within_IN a_AT week_NN \0J_NP ..._... was_BEDZ H09 36 before_IN a_AT court_NN again_RB ,_, having_HVG stolen_VBN from_IN H09 36 the_ATI flat_NN and_CC pawned_VBN the_ATI H09 37 articles_NNS following_IN on_IN a_AT week-end_NN drinking_NN bout_NN H09 37 ._. ^ he_PP3A is_BEZ now_RN back_RP in_IN H09 38 prison_NN after_IN which_WDTR we_PP1AS shall_MD try_VB again_RB ._. H09 39 ^ 41_CD ._. ^ life_NN imprisonment_NN ._. *-_*- ^ the_ATI H09 39 division_NN is_BEZ also_RB responsible_JJ H09 40 for_IN the_ATI supervision_NN of_IN men_NNS sentenced_VBN to_IN life_NN H09 40 imprisonment_NN and_CC H09 41 subsequently_RB released_VBN by_IN the_ATI Secretary_NPT of_IN state_NN H09 41 on_IN conditional_JJ H09 42 licence_NN ._. ^ the_ATI number_NN under_IN statutory_JJ supervision_NN H09 42 at_IN the_ATI year_NN end_NN was_BEDZ H09 43 20_CD ,_, with_IN an_AT additional_JJ two_CD persons_NNS under_IN H09 43 voluntary_JJ supervision_NN ._. ^ while_CS H09 44 some_DTI of_IN these_DTS men_NNS will_MD always_RB need_VB the_ATI H09 44 help_NN of_IN the_ATI association's_NN$ staff_NN H09 45 and_CC associates_NNS to_TO order_VB their_PP$ lives_NNS ,_, others_APS H09 45 have_HV now_RN reached_VBN a_AT state_NN H09 46 of_IN maturity_NN which_WDTR has_HVZ enabled_VBN them_PP3OS to_TO H09 46 integrate_VB themselves_PPLS happily_RB and_CC H09 47 successfully_RB with_IN the_ATI community_NN ._. H09 48 ^ 42_CD ._. ^ home_NR leave_NN ._. *-_*- ^ in_IN 1960_CD the_ATI H09 48 number_NN of_IN prisoners_NNS granted_VBN H09 49 home_NR leave_NN for_IN employment_NN and_CC re-acclimatisation_NN H09 49 purposes_NNS and_CC who_WPR H09 50 would_MD be_BE the_ATI division's_NN$ responsibility_NN on_IN H09 50 discharge_NN ,_, reached_VBD a_AT record_NN H09 51 total_NN of_IN 579_CD against_IN 489_CD the_ATI previous_JJ year_NN ._. H09 51 ^ home_NR leave_NN involves_VBZ a_AT H09 52 preliminary_JJ enquiry_NN being_BEG made_VBN at_IN each_DT home_NR (_( H09 52 often_RB incurring_VBG more_AP than_IN H09 53 one_CD1 visit_NN )_) and_CC at_RB least_RB" once_RB interview_NN H09 53 with_IN each_DT prisoner_NN H09 54 whilst_CS on_IN leave_NN ._. ^ the_ATI increasing_JJ \0N.A.D.P.A.S_NP H09 54 prison_NN welfare_NN H09 55 Officer_NPT complement_NN is_BEZ providing_VBG an_AT accumulating_JJ H09 55 load_NN of_IN home_NR enquiries_NNS H09 56 of_IN many_AP kinds_NNS relating_VBG to_IN health_NN ,_, marital_JJ H09 56 and_CC property_NN problems_NNS ._. H09 57 ^ unpredicted_JJ home_NR enquiries_NNS bear_VB particularly_RB H09 57 heavily_RB on_IN a_AT small_JJ H09 58 welfare_NN staff_NN covering_VBG the_ATI whole_NN of_IN the_ATI H09 58 metropolitan_JJ area_NN since_CS they_PP3AS H09 59 can_MD not_XNOT be_BE planned_VBN beforehand_RB yet_CC must_MD be_BE H09 59 carried_VBN out_RP quickly_RB if_CS they_PP3AS H09 60 are_BER to_TO be_BE effective_JJ ._. ^ few_AP of_IN these_DTS homes_NRS H09 60 are_BER on_IN the_ATI telephone_NN ,_, many_AP of_IN H09 61 the_ATI wives_NNS or_CC parents_NNS are_BER working_VBG and_CC a_AT H09 61 long_JJ journey_NN by_IN public_JJ H09 62 transport_NN is_BEZ wasted_VBN if_CS our_PP$ caller_NN can_MD obtain_VB H09 62 no_ATI reply_NN ._. H09 63 ^ 43_CD ._. ^ discharged_VBN under_IN section_NN 29_CD of_IN the_ATI H09 63 prison_NN act_NN ,_, 1952_CD ._. *-_*- H09 64 ^ the_ATI exercise_NN of_IN this_DT police_NNS function_VB ,_, H09 64 which_WDTR we_PP1AS have_HV regularly_RB H09 65 deplored_VBN in_IN recent_JJ years_NNS ,_, has_HVZ continued_VBN H09 65 throughout_IN the_ATI year_NN with_IN the_ATI H09 66 prospect_NN that_CS this_DT will_MD be_BE the_ATI last_AP occasion_NN H09 66 to_TO report_VB ._. ^ 3,497_CD men_NNS H09 67 were_BED discharged_VBN during_IN 1960_CD with_IN the_ATI obligation_NN H09 67 to_TO report_VB their_PP$ H09 68 addresses_NNS ._. ^ of_IN the_ATI 3,387_CD discharged_VBN during_IN H09 68 1959_CD ,_, the_ATI position_NN at_IN the_ATI H09 69 end_NN of_IN 1960_CD was_BEDZ that_CS 1,101_CD (_( 32.5_CD per_NNU H09 69 cent_NNU" )_) had_HVD been_BEN reconvicted_VBN and_CC H09 70 526_CD (_( 15.5_CD per_NNU cent_NNU" )_) required_VBD to_TO report_VB H09 70 directly_RB to_IN the_ATI police_NNS ._. H09 71 ^ 44_CD ._. ^ accommodation_NN ._. *-_*- ^ whilst_CS the_ATI H09 71 problem_NN of_IN finding_VBG work_NN has_HVZ H09 72 only_RB been_BEN serious_JJ in_IN pockets_NNS of_IN unemployment_NN ,_, H09 72 that_DT of_IN finding_VBG suitable_JJ H09 73 accommodation_NN continues_VBZ difficult_JJ ._. ^ in_IN fact_NN ,_, H09 73 the_ATI more_AP alternative_JJ H09 74 occupations_NNS there_EX are_BER available_JJ ,_, the_ATI fewer_AP H09 74 the_ATI women_NNS who_WPR take_VB in_RP H09 75 lodgers_NNS ._. ^ after-care_NN is_BEZ sometimes_RB criticised_VBN H09 75 for_IN not_XNOT having_HVG rooms_NNS H09 76 ready_JJ for_IN an_AT ex-prisoner_NN ,_, but_CC experience_NN has_HVZ H09 76 shown_VBN that_CS such_ABL a_AT plan_NN H09 77 almost_RB automatically_RB publicises_VBZ a_AT client's_NN$ previous_JJ H09 77 occupation_NN ._. ^ the_ATI H09 78 alternative_NN of_IN putting_VBG a_AT man_NN into_IN hostel_NN H09 78 accommodation_NN for_IN one_CD1 night_NN H09 79 while_CS providing_VBG him_PP3O with_IN sufficient_JJ funds_NNS to_TO H09 79 find_VB his_PP$ own_AP lodging_NN is_BEZ H09 80 ultimately_RB a_AT more_QL effective_JJ arrangement_NN ._. H09 81 ^ 45_CD ._. ^ in_IN this_DT connection_NN we_PP1AS appreciate_VB H09 81 the_ATI work_NN of_IN such_ABL H09 82 organisations_NNS as_IN Norman_NP House_NPL and_CC Langley_NP House_NPL H09 82 ,_, both_ABX now_RN firmly_RB H09 83 established_VBN in_IN their_PP$ role_NN of_IN providing_VBG a_AT H09 83 special_JJ form_NN of_IN residential_JJ H09 84 support_NN and_CC friendships_NNS for_IN homeless_JJ ex-prisoners_NNS H09 84 ._. ^ the_ATI close_JJ and_CC H09 85 mutually_RB advantageous_JJ relations_NNS which_WDTR have_HV been_BEN H09 85 established_VBN between_IN H09 86 them_PP3OS and_CC the_ATI official_JJ bodies_NNS augur_VB well_RB H09 86 for_IN the_ATI future_JJB development_NN of_IN H09 87 such_ABL ventures_NNS which_WDTR we_PP1AS understand_VB are_BER H09 87 being_BEG planned_VBN in_IN the_ATI provinces_NNS ._. H09 88 ^ 46_CD ._. ^ the_ATI year_NN has_HVZ been_BEN marked_VBN by_IN H09 88 increasing_JJ co-operation_NN between_IN H09 89 the_ATI division_NN and_CC the_ATI national_JJ assistance_NN board_NN H09 89 and_CC of_IN more_QL sympathetic_JJ H09 90 understanding_NN of_IN the_ATI difficulties_NNS of_IN the_ATI H09 90 ex-prisoners_NNS at_IN all_ABN levels_NNS ._. H09 91 ^ groups_NNS of_IN national_JJ assistance_NN board_NN Officers_NPTS H09 91 have_HV been_BEN addressed_VBN on_IN H09 92 these_DTS problems_NNS and_CC resulting_VBG from_IN a_AT mutual_JJ H09 92 review_NN of_IN procedure_NN ,_, H09 93 discharged_JJ prisoners_NNS have_HV since_IN 1st_OD August_NR ,_, H09 93 1960_CD ,_, been_BEN accepted_VBN H09 94 directly_RB at_IN the_ATI board's_NN$ office_NN before_IN H09 94 registering_VBG for_IN unemployment_NN H09 95 with_IN the_ATI ministry_NN of_IN labour_NN ._. ^ this_DT has_HVZ H09 95 proved_VBN particularly_RB beneficial_JJ H09 96 to_IN the_ATI homeless_JJ man_NN in_IN immediate_JJ need_NN of_IN H09 96 finding_VBG lodgings_NNS ._. H09 97 ^ 47_CD ._. ^ relationships_NNS with_IN our_PP$ colleagues_NNS in_IN H09 97 the_ATI prison_NN service_NN ,_, the_ATI H09 98 national_JJ association_NN of_IN discharged_JJ prisoners'_NNS$ aid_NN H09 98 societies_NNS ,_, the_ATI H09 99 national_JJ assistance_NN board_NN and_CC the_ATI ministry_NN of_IN H09 99 labour_NN continue_VB close_JJ H09 100 and_CC productive_JJ ._. ^ these_DTS bodies_NNS are_BER selected_VBN H09 100 for_IN mention_NN solely_RB because_CS H09 101 their_PP$ functions_NNS are_BER so_QL closely_RB integrated_VBN with_IN H09 101 our_PP$ own_AP ._. ^ the_ATI H09 102 achievement_NN of_IN close_JJ personal_JJ contact_NN with_IN our_PP$ H09 102 probation_NN service_NN H09 103 associates_NNS was_BEDZ cemented_VBN by_IN an_AT invitation_NN to_IN H09 103 the_ATI Director_NPT to_TO address_VB H09 104 the_ATI annual_JJ conference_NN of_IN the_ATI national_JJ H09 104 association_NN of_IN probation_NN H09 105 Officers_NPTS ._. ^ particular_JJ effort_NN has_HVZ been_BEN made_VBN H09 105 during_IN the_ATI year_NN to_TO invite_VB H09 106 the_ATI co-operation_NN of_IN the_ATI national_JJ council_NN of_IN H09 106 social_JJ service_NN ,_, the_ATI H09 107 national_JJ citizens_NNS advice_NN bureau_NN and_CC the_ATI H09 107 women's_NNS$ voluntary_JJ service_NN in_IN H09 108 our_PP$ work_NN ._. ^ to_IN all_ABN who_WPR have_HV shown_VBN their_PP$ H09 108 practical_JJ sympathy_NN and_CC H09 109 understanding_NN of_IN our_PP$ task_NN ,_, we_PP1AS offer_VB our_PP$ H09 109 grateful_JJ thanks_NNS ._. H09 110 ^ chapter_NN five_CD ._. H09 111 ^ treatment_NN of_IN boys_NNS ._. H09 112 ^ 1_CD1 ._. ^ general_JJ ._. *-_*- ^ in_TO order_TO" to_TO" H09 112 implement_VB the_ATI proposals_NNS in_IN the_ATI H09 113 criminal_JJ justice_NN bill_NN ,_, 1960_CD ,_, relating_VBG to_IN H09 113 the_ATI treatment_NN of_IN young_JJ H09 114 offenders_NNS a_AT considerable_JJ extension_NN of_IN the_ATI system_NN H09 114 of_IN borstals_NNS and_CC H09 115 detention_NN centres_NNS will_MD be_BE needed_VBN ._. H09 116 ^ 2_CD ._. ^ three_CD secure_JJ borstals_NNS are_BER to_TO be_BE H09 116 provided_VBN at_IN Swinfen_NP ,_, H09 117 \0Staffs_NP ,_, Wellingborough_NP ,_, \0Northants_NP ,_, and_CC H09 117 additional_JJ open_JJ borstals_NNS H09 118 at_IN Finnamore_NP Wood_NPL Camp_NPL ,_, \0Bucks_NP (_( now_RN H09 118 partially_RB occupied_VBN )_) and_CC H09 119 Shaftesbury_NP ,_, Dorset_NP ._. ^ the_ATI open_JJ borstal_NN at_IN H09 119 Huntercombe_NP is_BEZ being_BEG adapted_VBN H09 120 for_IN use_NN as_IN a_AT medium_JJB security_NN borstal_NN ,_, and_CC H09 120 the_ATI adaption_NN of_IN Aylesbury_NP H09 121 prison_NN as_IN an_AT establishment_NN for_IN young_JJ offenders_NNS H09 121 has_HVZ made_VBN further_JJB H09 122 progress_NN ._. H09 123 ^ 3_CD ._. ^ three_CD senior_JJ detention_NN centres_NNS were_BED H09 123 opened_VBN in_IN the_ATI early_JJ months_NNS H09 124 of_IN 1961_CD at_IN New_NP Hall_NPL Camp_NPL ,_, \0Yorks_NP ,_, H09 124 Medomsley_NP ,_, County_NPL Durham_NP and_CC H09 125 Aylesbury_NP ,_, \0Bucks_NP ._. ^ it_PP3 is_BEZ hoped_VBN to_TO have_HV H09 125 four_CD more_AP centres_NNS ready_JJ by_IN H09 126 early_JJ 1962_CD at_IN Erlestoke_NP ,_, \0Wilts_NP ,_, Aldington_NP ,_, H09 126 Kent_NP ,_, East_NP Clandon_NP ,_, H09 127 Surrey_NP and_CC Haslar_NP ,_, \0Hants_NP ,_, and_CC a_AT further_JJB H09 127 centre_NN at_IN Kirklevington_NP ,_, H09 128 \0Yorks_NP ,_, during_IN 1963_CD ._. ^ the_ATI semi-secure_JJ H09 128 borstal_NN at_IN Buckley_NP ,_, \0Lancs_NP H09 129 will_MD become_VB a_AT detention_NN centre_NN in_IN the_ATI autumn_NN H09 129 of_IN 1961_CD ._. H09 130 ^ 4_CD ._. ^ population_NN ._. *-_*- ^ committals_NNS to_IN H09 130 borstal_NN increased_VBD from_IN 3,062_CD H09 131 in_IN 1959_CD to_IN 3,476_CD in_IN 1960_CD ,_, and_CC the_ATI daily_JJ H09 131 average_JJ population_NN in_IN borstals_NNS H09 132 from_IN 4,034_CD to_IN 4,115_CD ._. H09 133 ^ 5_CD ._. ^ reception_NN centres_NNS were_BED under_IN constant_JJ H09 133 pressure_NN ;_; one_CD1 centre_NN H09 134 dealt_VBD with_IN 2,028_CD cases_NNS ,_, more_AP than_IN double_JJ H09 134 the_ATI number_NN handled_VBN three_CD H09 135 years_NNS ago_RB ._. ^ the_ATI modified_JJ form_NN of_IN allocation_NN H09 135 procedure_NN reported_VBN last_AP H09 136 year_NN and_CC some_DTI staff_NN additions_NNS enabled_VBD the_ATI H09 136 centres_NNS to_TO meet_VB the_ATI demands_NNS H09 137 of_IN the_ATI training_NN borstals_NNS ,_, and_CC for_IN one_CD1 of_IN H09 137 them_PP3OS to_TO increase_VB the_ATI H09 138 psychological_JJ and_CC psychiatric_JJ coverage_NN ._. H09 139 ^ 6_CD ._. ^ the_ATI quality_NN of_IN borstal_NN receptions_NNS H09 139 during_IN the_ATI year_NN has_HVZ been_BEN H09 140 assessed_VBN in_IN three_CD ways_NNS :_: (_( a_ZZ )_) in_IN terms_NNS H09 140 of_IN the_ATI nature_NN of_IN the_ATI offences_NNS H09 141 leading_VBG to_IN the_ATI borstal_NN sentence_NN ;_; (_( b_ZZ )_) in_IN H09 141 terms_NNS of_IN educational_JJ and_CC H09 142 intellectual_JJ criteria_NNS ;_; (_( c_ZZ )_) in_IN terms_NNS of_IN H09 142 Mannheim-Wilkins_NP prediction_NN H09 143 groups_NNS ._. ^ no_ATI new_JJ trend_NN was_BEDZ observed_VBN in_IN H09 143 the_ATI type_NN of_IN offence_NN ,_, the_ATI great_JJ H09 144 majority_NN of_IN which_WDTR continued_VBD to_TO be_BE those_DTS of_IN H09 144 breaking_NN and_CC entering_NN and_CC H09 145 stealing_NN ._. ^ offences_NNS against_IN the_ATI person_NN ,_, H09 145 including_IN sexual_JJ offences_NNS ,_, H09 146 remained_VBD at_IN about_RB 12_CD 1/2_CD per_NNU cent_NNU" of_IN H09 146 the_ATI total_JJ offences_NNS ._. ^ the_ATI H09 147 distribution_NN of_IN intelligence_NN and_CC educational_JJ H09 147 attainment_NN also_RB remained_VBD H09 148 virtually_RB unchanged_JJ ,_, but_CC there_EX was_BEDZ a_AT further_JJB H09 148 deterioration_NN in_IN terms_NNS of_IN H09 149 the_ATI Mannheim-Wilkins_NP prediction_NN ratings_NNS which_WDTR H09 149 seems_VBZ likely_JJ to_TO have_HV an_AT H09 150 adverse_JJ effect_NN on_IN training_NN results_NNS ._. ^ no_ATI less_AP H09 150 than_IN 66.4_CD per_NNU cent_NNU" of_IN H09 151 last_AP year's_NN$ receptions_NNS fell_VBD into_IN the_ATI C_ZZ and_CC H09 151 D_ZZ categories_NNS ,_, those_DTS with_IN H09 152 the_ATI poorest_JJT prospects_NNS of_IN success_NN ._. ^ this_DT H09 152 compares_VBZ with_IN 56.5_CD per_NNU cent_NNU" in_IN H09 153 1957_CD and_CC 25.5_CD per_NNU cent_NNU" in_IN 1946_CD (_( when_WRB H09 153 the_ATI original_JJ research_NN was_BEDZ H09 154 undertaken_VBN )_) whilst_CS the_ATI present_JJ proportion_NN of_IN H09 154 9.9_CD per_NNU cent_NNU" in_IN the_ATI A_ZZ and_CC H09 155 B_ZZ categories_NNS (_( with_IN the_ATI best_JJT proportion_NN of_IN H09 155 success_NN )_) compares_VBZ with_IN 10.2_CD H09 156 per_NNU cent_NNU" in_IN 1957_CD and_CC 32.7_CD per_NNU cent_NNU" in_IN H09 156 1946_CD ._. ^ this_DT deterioration_NN in_IN the_ATI H09 157 quality_NN of_IN the_ATI training_NN material_NN suggests_VBZ that_CS H09 157 the_ATI success_NN rate_NN is_BEZ H09 158 likely_JJ to_TO be_BE under_RB 40_CD per_NNU cent_NNU" ._. H09 159 ^ 7_CD ._. ^ the_ATI number_NN of_IN young_JJ offenders_NNS H09 159 sentenced_VBN to_IN imprisonment_NN H09 160 increased_VBD from_IN 2,498_CD in_IN 1959_CD to_IN 3,099_CD in_IN H09 160 1960_CD ,_, and_CC the_ATI number_NN of_IN H09 161 committals_NNS to_IN detention_NN centres_NNS (_( which_WDTR was_BEDZ H09 161 limited_VBN by_IN the_ATI capacity_NN of_IN H09 162 the_ATI centres_NNS )_) showed_VBD a_AT slight_JJ drop_NN from_IN H09 162 1,356_CD to_IN 1,295_CD ._. H09 163 ^ borstal_NN training_NN ._. H09 164 ^ 8_CD ._. ^ general_JJ ._. *-_*- ^ this_DT was_BEDZ the_ATI last_AP H09 164 full_JJ year_NN in_IN which_WDTR H09 165 Northallerton_NP functioned_VBD as_IN a_AT preliminary_JJ training_NN H09 165 borstal_NN ._. ^ at_IN the_ATI H09 166 beginning_NN of_IN 1961_CD it_PP3 became_VBD a_AT full_JJ training_NN H09 166 borstal_NN ,_, when_WRB it_PP3 was_BEDZ H09 167 decided_VBN to_TO discontinue_VB the_ATI policy_NN of_IN sending_VBG H09 167 boys_NNS ,_, who_WPR might_MD later_RBR be_BE H09 168 suitable_JJ for_IN *'_*' open_JJ **'_**' training_NN ,_, to_IN H09 168 Northallerton_NP for_IN some_DTI months_NNS H09 169 before_IN making_VBG a_AT decision_NN as_IN to_IN" their_PP$ final_JJ H09 169 training_NN borstal_NN ._. ^ some_DTI H09 170 borstals_NNS felt_VBD that_CS they_PP3AS were_BED getting_VBG boys_NNS H09 170 from_IN Northallerton_NP too_QL late_RB H09 171 in_IN their_PP$ training_NN ,_, and_CC that_CS the_ATI period_NN in_IN H09 171 which_WDTR a_AT lad_NN settled_VBD in_RP and_CC H09 172 became_VBD known_VBN by_IN the_ATI new_JJ staff_NN ,_, tended_VBD to_TO H09 172 extend_VB his_PP$ training_NN beyond_IN H09 173 the_ATI time_NN he_PP3A would_MD have_HV spent_VBN had_HVD he_PP3A H09 173 been_BEN originally_RB allocated_VBN to_IN his_PP$ H09 174 final_JJ borstal_NN ._. ^ this_DT appeared_VBD unfair_JJ to_IN the_ATI H09 174 boy_NN and_CC sometimes_RB affected_VBD H09 175 his_PP$ whole_JJ outlook_NN ._. ^ when_WRB the_ATI Northallerton_NP H09 175 staff_NN were_BED asked_VBN to_TO H09 176 concentrate_VB their_PP$ preliminary_JJ training_NN into_IN a_AT H09 176 shorter_JJR period_NN so_CS that_CS" H09 177 it_PP3 was_BEDZ not_XNOT necessary_JJ to_TO wait_VB until_CS a_AT H09 177 lad_NN had_HVD attained_VBN senior_JJ training_NN H09 178 grade_NN before_IN sending_VBG him_PP3O away_RP ,_, they_PP3AS were_BED H09 178 not_XNOT so_QL certain_JJ of_IN their_PP$ H09 179 findings_NNS and_CC tended_VBD to_TO send_VB more_AP boys_NNS to_IN H09 179 closed_JJ conditions_NNS as_IN a_AT safety_NN H09 180 precaution_NN ._. ^ however_RB ,_, this_DT difficulty_NN might_MD H09 180 have_HV been_BEN overcome_VBN had_HVD it_PP3 H09 181 not_XNOT been_BEN necessary_JJ to_TO use_VB the_ATI training_NN H09 181 places_NNS at_IN Northallerton_NP for_IN H09 182 boys_NNS who_WPR needed_VBD the_ATI restriction_NN imposed_VBN by_IN H09 182 this_DT kind_NN of_IN borstal_NN ._. ^ the_ATI H09 183 experiment_NN has_HVZ been_BEN one_CD1 of_IN great_JJ interest_NN H09 183 and_CC may_MD be_BE repeated_VBN when_WRB H09 184 conditions_NNS are_BER more_QL favourable_JJ ;_; Northallerton_NP H09 184 has_HVZ done_VBN valuable_JJ and_CC H09 185 effective_JJ work_NN ,_, transferring_VBG some_DTI 340_CD lads_NNS H09 185 to_IN open_JJ conditions_NNS after_IN H09 186 having_HVG settled_VBN them_PP3OS down_RP to_IN borstal_NN and_CC H09 186 dissipated_VBN the_ATI urge_NN to_TO run_VB H09 187 away_RP that_WPR causes_VBZ an_AT upset_NN in_IN the_ATI training_NN H09 187 of_IN so_QL many_AP in_IN the_ATI first_OD H09 188 months_NNS ._. H09 189 ^ 9_CD ._. ^ training_NN ._. *-_*- ^ the_ATI average_JJ length_NN H09 189 of_IN training_NN was_BEDZ 16.1_CD H09 190 months_NNS ._. ^ this_DT ranged_VBD from_IN 9.2_CD to_IN 36_CD H09 190 months_NNS ._. ^ the_ATI average_JJ time_NN at_IN H09 191 Reading_NP was_BEDZ 27.7_CD months_NNS for_IN those_DTS boys_NNS H09 191 ultimately_RB released_VBN from_IN there_RN ._. H09 192 ^ the_ATI full_JJ picture_NN of_IN the_ATI training_NN programme_NN H09 192 given_VBN in_IN previous_JJ reports_NNS H09 193 has_HVZ not_XNOT greatly_RB altered_VBN ,_, but_CC the_ATI H09 193 concentrated_JJ effort_NN required_VBN to_TO H09 194 prepare_VB a_AT lad_NN for_IN release_NN in_IN the_ATI shorter_JJR H09 194 training_NN period_NN introduced_VBN H09 195 during_IN the_ATI past_JJB two_CD years_NNS has_HVZ increased_VBN H09 195 the_ATI intensity_NN of_IN the_ATI work_NN ._. H09 196 ^ one_CD1 governor_NN reports_VBZ that_CS at_IN his_PP$ borstal_NN H09 196 almost_RB twice_RB as_QL many_AP boys_NNS H09 197 have_HV been_BEN dealt_VBN with_IN as_CS in_IN earlier_JJR years_NNS H09 197 ._. H10 2 the_ATI directors_NNS of_IN the_ATI research_NN associations_NNS H10 2 have_HV their_PP$ own_AP personal_JJ H10 3 contacts_NNS with_IN the_ATI appropriate_JJ laboratories_NNS in_IN H10 3 the_ATI commonwealth_NN H10 4 countries_NNS ._. H10 5 ^ apart_IN from_IN" defence_NN considerations_NNS ,_, it_PP3 is_BEZ H10 5 in_IN the_ATI interest_NN of_IN our_PP$ H10 6 national_JJ economy_NN that_CS we_PP1AS should_MD strive_VB to_TO H10 6 increase_VB our_PP$ home_NR production_NN H10 7 of_IN food_NN in_IN terms_NNS of_IN our_PP$ livestock_NN population_NN H10 7 and_CC yield_NN of_IN crops_NNS per_IN H10 8 acre_NN ._. H10 9 ^ superimposed_VBN on_IN all_ABN these_DTS considerations_NNS is_BEZ H10 9 the_ATI fact_NN that_CS with_IN H10 10 the_ATI improving_JJ economic_JJ status_NN of_IN the_ATI population_NN H10 10 there_EX is_BEZ an_AT increasing_JJ H10 11 emphasis_NN on_IN the_ATI intrinsic_JJ acceptability_NN of_IN food_NN H10 11 and_CC particularly_RB on_IN H10 12 its_PP$ presentation_NN in_IN the_ATI retail_NN shops_NNS ._. H10 13 ^ from_IN the_ATI above_JJB brief_JJ introduction_NN it_PP3 H10 13 follows_VBZ that_CS the_ATI pattern_NN of_IN H10 14 food_NN research_NN should_MD embrace_VB the_ATI following_JJ broad_JJ H10 14 fields_NNS :_: H10 16 ^ (_( 1_CD1 )_) ._. ^ methods_NNS of_IN increasing_VBG production_NN H10 16 ._. H10 17 ^ (_( 2_CD )_) ._. ^ preservation_NN (_( transport_NN ,_, storage_NN H10 17 and_CC distribution_NN )_) ._. H10 18 ^ (_( 3_CD )_) ._. ^ processing_NN ._. H10 19 ^ (_( 4_CD )_) ._. ^ acceptability_NN or_CC intrinsic_JJ quality_NN H10 19 ,_, including_IN freedom_NN from_IN H10 20 abnormal_JJ flavour_NN or_CC taint_NN ._. H10 21 ^ (_( 5_CD )_) ._. ^ nutrition_NN and_CC hygiene_NN ._. H10 22 ^ (_( 6_CD )_) ._. ^ the_ATI possible_JJ toxicological_JJ H10 22 effects_NNS of_IN substances_NNS added_VBN to_IN H10 23 food_NN during_IN growth_NN ,_, transport_NN and_CC processing_NN ._. H10 24 ^ (_( 7_CD )_) ._. ^ presentation_NN ._. H10 26 ^ each_DT of_IN these_DTS is_BEZ a_AT vast_JJ field_NN of_IN H10 26 research_NN and_CC investigation_NN ._. H10 27 ^ the_ATI overall_JJB pattern_NN ._. H10 28 ^ it_PP3 is_BEZ difficult_JJ to_TO say_VB where_WRB food_NN H10 28 research_NN begins_VBZ ;_; it_PP3 involves_VBZ H10 29 all_ABN the_ATI scientific_JJ disciplines_NNS *-_*- physics_NN ,_, H10 29 chemistry_NN ,_, mathematics_NN ,_, H10 30 engineering_NN ,_, each_DT ultimately_RB wedded_VBN to_IN one_CD1 or_CC H10 30 more_AP of_IN the_ATI different_JJ H10 31 divisions_NNS of_IN biology_NN ._. ^ apart_IN from_IN" supplying_VBG H10 31 graduate_NN staff_NN ,_, therefore_RB ,_, H10 32 the_ATI universities_NNS must_MD in_IN the_ATI long_JJ run_NN set_VB H10 32 the_ATI level_NN of_IN food_NN research_NN ;_; H10 33 they_PP3AS must_MD also_RB supply_VB much_AP of_IN the_ATI H10 33 fundamental_JJ knowledge_NN required_VBN for_IN H10 34 advances_NNS in_IN the_ATI science_NN and_CC technology_NN of_IN H10 34 food_NN ._. ^ certain_JJ of_IN the_ATI H10 35 universities_NNS with_IN departments_NNS of_IN agriculture_NN and_CC H10 35 horticulture_NN are_BER of_RB H10 36 course_RB" carrying_VBG out_RP continuous_JJ research_NN directly_RB H10 36 on_IN food_NN ,_, and_CC this_DT H10 37 applies_VBZ also_RB to_IN many_AP biochemical_JJ departments_NNS ._. H10 38 ^ the_ATI concern_NN of_IN the_ATI government_NN is_BEZ clear_JJ H10 38 enough_QLP since_CS an_AT adequate_JJ H10 39 supply_NN of_IN inexpensive_JJ food_NN of_IN satisfactory_JJ H10 39 nutritional_JJ quality_NN is_BEZ H10 40 essential_JJ for_IN our_PP$ survival_NN and_CC for_IN our_PP$ H10 40 national_JJ prosperity_NN ._. ^ thus_RB H10 41 there_EX are_BER some_DTI 23_CD research_NN institutes_NNS or_CC H10 41 units_NNS wholly_RB financed_VBN by_IN the_ATI H10 42 agricultural_JJ research_NN council_NN ,_, and_CC the_ATI ministry_NN H10 42 of_IN agriculture_NN ,_, H10 43 fisheries_NNS and_CC food_NN has_HVZ its_PP$ own_AP food_NN science_NN H10 43 and_CC atomic_JJ energy_NN H10 44 division_NN ._. H10 45 ^ the_ATI agricultural_JJ research_NN council_NN is_BEZ also_RB H10 45 concerned_VBN with_IN the_ATI H10 46 research_NN programmes_NNS of_IN 22_CD other_AP institutes_NNS H10 46 which_WDTR are_BER financed_VBN wholly_RB H10 47 or_CC in_IN part_NN by_IN the_ATI council_NN or_CC ,_, in_IN the_ATI H10 47 case_NN of_IN eight_CD institutes_NNS in_IN H10 48 Scotland_NP ,_, by_IN the_ATI department_NN of_IN agriculture_NN for_IN H10 48 Scotland_NP ._. ^ special_JJ H10 49 grants_NNS are_BER also_RB made_VBN to_IN universities_NNS and_CC H10 49 other_AP organisations_NNS for_IN H10 50 research_NN on_IN subjects_NNS of_IN interest_NN to_IN the_ATI H10 50 council_NN ._. ^ the_ATI total_JJ annual_JJ H10 51 cost_NN of_IN all_ABN this_DT research_NN by_IN the_ATI council_NN H10 51 now_RN exceeds_VBZ *+5_NNU million_CD ._. H10 52 ^ in_IN the_ATI past_NN the_ATI interest_NN of_IN the_ATI \0A.R.C_NP H10 52 has_HVZ been_BEN in_IN animals_NNS H10 53 and_CC crops_NNS *-_*- their_PP$ production_NN and_CC nutrition_NN H10 53 and_CC the_ATI reduction_NN of_IN H10 54 disease_NN ;_; one_CD1 exception_NN is_BEZ the_ATI work_NN of_IN H10 54 the_ATI Hannah_NP dairy_NN research_NN H10 55 institute_NN over_IN the_ATI past_NN 25_CD years_NNS on_IN the_ATI H10 55 keeping_NN quality_NN of_IN dried_JJ milk_NN ._. H10 56 ^ more_QL recently_RB ,_, however_RB ,_, the_ATI council_NN ,_, in_IN H10 56 accepting_VBG responsibility_NN for_IN H10 57 the_ATI low_JJ temperature_NN research_NN station_NN ,_, Cambridge_NP H10 57 ,_, the_ATI Ditton_NP H10 58 laboratory_NN ,_, and_CC the_ATI pest_NN infestation_NN laboratory_NN H10 58 ,_, Slough_NP ,_, has_HVZ moved_VBN H10 59 outside_IN the_ATI *'_*' farm_NN gate_NN **'_**' and_CC has_HVZ thus_RB H10 59 extended_VBN its_PP$ interest_NN in_IN food_NN H10 60 to_TO include_VB storage_NN and_CC preservation_NN ._. ^ to_TO quote_VB H10 60 from_IN its_PP$ last_AP annual_JJ H10 61 report_NN :_: ^ *'_*' the_ATI importance_NN has_HVZ been_BEN H10 61 previously_RB stressed_VBN of_IN considering_VBG H10 62 the_ATI production_NN ,_, handling_NN ,_, storage_NN ,_, packaging_NN H10 62 and_CC processing_NN of_IN food_NN as_IN H10 63 links_NNS in_IN one_CD1 continuous_JJ chain_NN of_IN operations_NNS ,_, H10 63 the_ATI final_JJ objective_NN of_IN H10 64 which_WDTR is_BEZ to_TO provide_VB the_ATI nation_NN with_IN food_NN H10 64 of_IN the_ATI highest_JJT quality_NN at_IN the_ATI H10 65 lowest_JJT economic_JJ price_NN ._. ^ the_ATI council_NN has_HVZ H10 65 therefore_RB always_RB in_IN mind_NN the_ATI H10 66 need_NN to_TO integrate_VB research_NN on_IN production_NN with_IN H10 66 that_DT on_IN the_ATI intermediate_JJ H10 67 steps_NNS involved_VBN in_IN the_ATI passage_NN of_IN food_NN from_IN H10 67 the_ATI farm_NN to_IN the_ATI dinner_NN H10 68 table_NN ._. ^ this_DT is_BEZ equally_RB true_JJ whether_CS the_ATI H10 68 production_NN is_BEZ on_IN our_PP$ own_AP H10 69 farms_NNS or_CC those_DTS overseas_RB ._. ^ to_IN this_DT end_NN H10 69 the_ATI council_NN is_BEZ keeping_VBG in_IN touch_NN H10 70 with_IN research_NN on_IN production_NN throughout_IN the_ATI H10 70 commonwealth_NN and_CC ,_, where_WRB H10 71 possible_JJ ,_, in_IN other_AP countries_NNS from_IN which_WDTR our_PP$ H10 71 food_NN comes_VBZ ._. ^ the_ATI H10 72 establishment_NN of_IN the_ATI overseas_JJB research_NN council_NN ,_, H10 72 of_IN which_WDTR the_ATI council's_NN$ H10 73 Secretary_NPT is_BEZ an_AT ex_&FW officio_&FW member_NN ,_, will_MD ,_, H10 73 it_PP3 is_BEZ hoped_VBN ,_, help_VB to_TO H10 74 strengthen_VB the_ATI links_NNS already_RB existing_VBG between_IN H10 74 the_ATI overseas_JJB producer_NN H10 75 and_CC those_DTS responsible_JJ for_IN handling_VBG and_CC H10 75 processing_VBG imported_JJ foodstuffs_NNS H10 76 in_IN this_DT country_NN ._. **'_**' H10 77 ^ to_TO help_VB the_ATI council_NN in_IN its_PP$ wider_JJR H10 77 responsibility_NN the_ATI ministry_NN of_IN H10 78 agriculture_NN ,_, fisheries_NNS and_CC food_NN and_CC the_ATI H10 78 Secretary_NPT of_IN state_NN for_IN H10 79 Scotland_NP have_HV recently_RB set_VBN up_RP a_AT food_NN research_NN H10 79 advisory_JJ committee_NN to_TO H10 80 advise_VB on_IN those_DTS food_NN problems_NNS requiring_VBG H10 80 investigation_NN or_CC research_NN and_CC H10 81 on_IN their_PP$ order_NN of_IN priority_NN ._. H10 82 ^ finally_RB ,_, to_TO complete_VB the_ATI picture_NN of_IN food_NN H10 82 research_NN institutes_NNS ,_, H10 83 mention_NN must_MD be_BE made_VBN of_IN the_ATI Torry_NP research_NN H10 83 station_NN of_IN \0D.S.I.R_NP H10 84 and_CC its_PP$ associated_JJ Humber_NP laboratory_NN in_IN Hull_NP ._. ^ H10 84 whereas_CS these_DTS two_CD H10 85 laboratories_NNS are_BER concerned_VBN with_IN the_ATI very_QL H10 85 practical_JJ problems_NNS of_IN H10 86 handling_NN ,_, storage_NN and_CC distribution_NN of_IN fish_NNS ,_, H10 86 their_PP$ fundamental_JJ H10 87 research_NN *-_*- for_IN example_NN in_IN bacteriology_NN and_CC H10 87 that_DT on_IN fish_NN oils_NNS and_CC H10 88 antioxidants_NNS *-_*- is_BEZ of_IN great_JJ interest_NN and_CC H10 88 value_NN to_IN all_ABN food_NN research_NN H10 89 laboratories_NNS ._. H10 90 ^ on_IN the_ATI nutritional_JJ side_NN the_ATI medical_JJ H10 90 research_NN council_NN ,_, with_IN its_PP$ H10 91 many_AP research_NN units_NNS working_VBG directly_RB on_IN H10 91 nutrition_NN or_CC in_IN related_JJ H10 92 fields_NNS ,_, advises_VBZ the_ATI government_NN through_IN the_ATI H10 92 ministry_NN of_IN health_NN ,_, and_CC the_ATI H10 93 chief_JJB medical_JJ Officer_NPT to_IN the_ATI ministry_NN has_HVZ H10 93 his_PP$ own_AP standing_JJ committee_NN H10 94 to_TO discuss_VB problems_NNS of_IN food_NN and_CC health_NN ._. H10 95 ^ among_IN more_AP than_IN 50_CD industrial_JJ associations_NNS H10 95 sponsored_VBN by_IN the_ATI H10 96 department_NN of_IN scientific_JJ and_CC industrial_JJ research_NN H10 96 are_BER four_CD working_VBG H10 97 wholly_RB on_IN food_NN problems_NNS ._. ^ research_NN carried_VBN H10 97 out_RP by_IN these_DTS four_CD bodies_NNS ,_, H10 98 whose_WP$R work_NN will_MD be_BE mentioned_VBN later_RBR ,_, H10 98 naturally_RB has_HVZ a_AT strong_JJ bias_NN H10 99 generally_RB ,_, but_CC not_XNOT completely_RB ,_, towards_IN the_ATI H10 99 problems_NNS involved_VBN in_IN the_ATI H10 100 processing_NN of_IN food_NN and_CC its_PP$ acceptability_NN by_IN H10 100 the_ATI consumer_NN ._. H10 101 ^ there_EX is_BEZ in_IN addition_NN the_ATI research_NN and_CC ,_, H10 101 particularly_RB ,_, development_NN H10 102 carried_VBN out_RP wholly_RB by_IN industry_NN ._. ^ the_ATI H10 102 results_NNS of_IN this_DT are_BER to_TO be_BE seen_VBN ,_, H10 103 for_IN example_NN ,_, in_IN the_ATI margarine_NN and_CC soft_JJ H10 103 drinks_NNS industries_NNS ,_, in_IN the_ATI H10 104 development_NN of_IN containers_NNS for_IN canned_JJ foods_NNS ,_, H10 104 in_IN the_ATI relatively_RB new_JJ H10 105 development_NN of_IN packaged_JJ frozen_JJ foods_NNS ,_, and_CC in_IN H10 105 the_ATI sizeable_JJ export_NN trade_NN H10 106 mainly_RB in_IN processed_JJ foods_NNS (_( more_AP than_IN *+160_NNU H10 106 million_CD annually_RB )_) from_IN a_AT H10 107 country_NN so_QL largely_RB dependent_JJ on_IN imported_JJ basal_JJ H10 107 foods_NNS ._. ^ another_DT notable_JJ H10 108 example_NN of_IN research_NN financed_VBN wholly_RB by_IN industry_NN H10 108 is_BEZ that_DT of_IN the_ATI brewing_NN H10 109 industry_NN research_NN foundation_NN at_IN Nutfield_NP ,_, Surrey_NP H10 109 ,_, now_RN an_AT established_JJ H10 110 national_JJ institute_NN ._. ^ the_ATI pharmaceutical_JJ and_CC H10 110 chemical_JJ industries_NNS should_MD H10 111 also_RB be_BE mentioned_VBN in_IN connection_NN with_IN the_ATI H10 111 large-scale_JJB production_NN of_IN H10 112 vitamins_NNS ,_, the_ATI production_NN of_IN pure_JJ substances_NNS H10 112 to_TO counter_VB the_ATI various_JJ H10 113 forms_NNS of_IN deterioration_NN ,_, and_CC the_ATI introduction_NN H10 113 of_IN many_AP substances_NNS which_WDTR H10 114 act_VB as_IN aids_NNS to_IN processing_NN ._. H10 115 ^ the_ATI foregoing_JJ is_BEZ an_AT over-simplification_NN of_IN H10 115 the_ATI pattern_NN of_IN H10 116 government_NN ,_, government-aided_JJ and_CC industrial_JJ food_NN H10 116 research_NN in_IN this_DT H10 117 country_NN ;_; it_PP3 is_BEZ uneven_JJ and_CC thin_JJ in_IN places_NNS H10 117 ,_, but_CC evidently_RB it_PP3 does_DOZ deal_VB H10 118 with_IN food_NN from_IN the_ATI farm_NN or_CC field_NN to_IN the_ATI H10 118 table_NN as_CC well_CC" as_CC" nutritional_JJ H10 119 quality_NN ._. ^ the_ATI research_NN structure_NN has_HVZ of_RB H10 119 course_RB" developed_VBD piecemeal_RB and_CC H10 120 the_ATI type_NN and_CC scope_NN of_IN the_ATI work_NN of_IN any_DTI H10 120 individual_JJ institute_NN is_BEZ rarely_RB H10 121 exclusive_JJ ._. ^ on_IN the_ATI whole_NN ,_, judging_VBG by_IN the_ATI H10 121 amount_NN of_IN money_NN spent_VBN on_IN H10 122 research_NN ,_, it_PP3 would_MD appear_VB that_CS the_ATI emphasis_NN H10 122 is_BEZ on_IN production_NN *-_*- perhaps_RB H10 123 understandable_JJ in_IN a_AT country_NN that_WPR has_HVZ to_TO H10 123 import_VB so_QL much_AP of_IN its_PP$ food_NN ._. H10 124 ^ nevertheless_RB some_DTI might_MD argue_VB that_CS since_CS H10 124 the_ATI purpose_NN of_IN food_NN is_BEZ H10 125 to_TO keep_VB man_NN fit_JJ and_CC healthy_JJ the_ATI greatest_JJT H10 125 emphasis_NN should_MD be_BE on_IN its_PP$ H10 126 nutritional_JJ quality_NN ._. ^ furthermore_RB nutritional_JJ H10 126 research_NN has_HVZ hitherto_RB H10 127 been_BEN confined_VBN almost_RB exclusively_RB to_IN the_ATI food_NN H10 127 requirements_NNS of_IN children_NNS H10 128 and_CC adolescents_NNS ._. ^ but_CC we_PP1AS have_HV now_RN moved_VBN H10 128 into_IN a_AT phase_NN when_WRB the_ATI H10 129 nutrition_NN of_IN the_ATI adult_JJ calls_VBZ for_IN more_AP H10 129 research_NN ,_, particularly_RB in_IN view_NN H10 130 of_IN the_ATI growing_JJ belief_NN that_CS the_ATI type_NN of_IN H10 130 food_NN man_NN eats_VBZ may_MD be_BE a_AT factor_NN H10 131 in_IN his_PP$ susceptibility_NN to_IN certain_JJ diseases_NNS ._. ^ H10 131 except_CS in_IN a_AT state_NN of_IN H10 132 emergency_NN ,_, however_RB ,_, people_NNS will_MD continue_VB to_TO H10 132 eat_VB what_WDT they_PP3AS like_VB and_CC not_XNOT H10 133 what_WDT is_BEZ necessarily_RB best_JJT for_IN them_PP3OS ._. ^ it_PP3 H10 133 might_MD also_RB be_BE claimed_VBN that_CS as_IN a_AT H10 134 complement_NN to_IN research_NN on_IN production_NN there_EX should_MD H10 134 be_BE sustained_JJ H10 135 research_NN on_IN the_ATI synthesis_NN of_IN protein_NN ,_, fat_NN H10 135 and_CC carbohydrate_NN to_TO insure_VB H10 136 against_IN a_AT food_NN shortage_NN from_IN any_DTI cause_NN ;_; by_IN H10 136 its_PP$ nature_NN this_DT research_NN is_BEZ H10 137 more_RBR a_AT challenge_NN to_IN the_ATI scientific_JJ workers_NNS H10 137 in_IN the_ATI universities_NNS ._. H10 138 ^ the_ATI food_NN research_NN associations_NNS ._. H10 139 ^ there_EX are_BER four_CD research_NN associations_NNS H10 139 concerned_VBN wholly_RB with_IN H10 140 food_NN :_: H10 142 ^ the_ATI British_JNP baking_NN industries_NNS research_NN H10 142 association_NN ._. H10 143 ^ the_ATI research_NN association_NN of_IN British_JNP H10 143 flour-millers_NNS ._. H10 144 ^ the_ATI British_JNP food_NN manufacturing_NN industries_NNS H10 144 research_NN association_NN ._. H10 145 ^ the_ATI fruit_NN and_CC vegetable_NN canning_NN and_CC quick_JJ H10 145 freezing_NN research_NN H10 146 association_NN ,_, often_RB referred_VBN to_IN as_IN the_ATI Campden_NP H10 146 research_NN station_NN ._. H10 148 ^ the_ATI primary_JJ interest_NN of_IN each_DT of_IN these_DTS H10 148 associations_NNS is_BEZ to_TO improve_VB H10 149 and_CC standardize_VB the_ATI manufacturing_NN or_CC processing_NN H10 149 methods_NNS and_CC the_ATI H10 150 quality_NN of_IN the_ATI final_JJ products_NNS of_IN the_ATI H10 150 particular_JJ industry_NN it_PP3 serves_VBZ ._. H10 151 ^ in_IN contrast_NN with_IN most_AP of_IN the_ATI research_NN units_NNS H10 151 associated_VBN with_IN the_ATI H10 152 agricultural_JJ research_NN council_NN ,_, the_ATI emphasis_NN is_BEZ H10 152 on_IN the_ATI factors_NNS H10 153 outside_IN the_ATI farm_NN gate_NN ._. ^ at_IN the_ATI same_AP time_NN H10 153 the_ATI quality_NN of_IN the_ATI final_JJ H10 154 product_NN must_MD be_BE influenced_VBN by_IN the_ATI quality_NN of_IN H10 154 the_ATI raw_JJ material_NN of_IN the_ATI H10 155 industry_NN ,_, and_CC the_ATI methods_NNS of_IN processing_NN may_MD H10 155 influence_VB its_PP$ nutritional_JJ H10 156 quality_NN ._. ^ in_IN the_ATI overall_JJB food_NN research_NN H10 156 pattern_NN ,_, therefore_RB ,_, the_ATI work_NN of_IN H10 157 the_ATI research_NN associations_NNS (_( coupled_VBN with_IN that_DT H10 157 of_IN the_ATI food_NN industries_NNS )_) H10 158 is_BEZ complementary_JJ to_IN that_DT of_IN the_ATI agricultural_JJ H10 158 and_CC medical_JJ research_NN H10 159 councils_NNS and_CC the_ATI universities_NNS ._. ^ this_DT seems_VBZ H10 159 logical_JJ but_CC when_WRB one_CD1 looks_VBZ H10 160 at_IN the_ATI relatively_RB small_JJ expenditure_NN of_IN the_ATI H10 160 food_NN research_NN associations_NNS ,_, H10 161 compared_VBN for_IN example_NN with_IN the_ATI *+5_NNU million_CD H10 161 vote_NN of_IN the_ATI agricultural_JJ H10 162 research_NN council_NN ,_, it_PP3 is_BEZ paradoxical_JJ ._. ^ for_IN H10 162 1960_CD the_ATI incomes_NNS were_BED :_: H10 163 **[list**]_&FO H10 164 ._. ^ of_IN this_DT total_NN *+207_NNU 840_CD was_BEDZ provided_VBN H10 164 by_IN industry_NN and_CC the_ATI remainder_NN by_IN H10 165 \0D.S.I.R_NP H10 166 ._. ^ it_PP3 must_MD be_BE remembered_VBN ,_, however_RB ,_, that_CS H10 166 a_AT research_NN association_NN ,_, by_IN H10 167 its_PP$ nature_NN and_CC organisation_NN ,_, should_MD be_BE an_AT H10 167 extremely_RB objective_JJ ,_, H10 168 efficient_JJ and_CC economic_JJ research_NN unit_NN ._. ^ for_IN H10 168 the_ATI most_AP part_NN it_PP3 has_HVZ no_ATI H10 169 need_NN to_TO search_VB for_IN its_PP$ problems_NNS ,_, and_CC the_ATI H10 169 solution_NN to_IN a_AT particular_JJ H10 170 problem_NN can_MD usually_RB be_BE tested_VBN out_RP at_RB once_RB" H10 170 in_IN a_AT member's_NN$ plant_NN without_IN H10 171 the_ATI expense_NN of_IN a_AT pilot_NN plant_NN ,_, \0etc_RB ._. ^ H10 171 furthermore_RB it_PP3 has_HVZ behind_IN it_PP3 the_ATI H10 172 stimulating_JJ urge_NN and_CC interest_NN of_IN its_PP$ members_NNS ,_, H10 172 just_RB as_CS it_PP3 can_MD call_VB on_IN H10 173 their_PP$ experience_NN and_CC judgment_NN to_TO help_VB it_PP3 H10 173 decide_VB how_WRB far_RB it_PP3 is_BEZ H10 174 profitable_JJ to_TO pursue_VB a_AT particular_JJ line_NN of_IN H10 174 enquiry_NN ._. H10 175 ^ it_PP3 might_MD be_BE said_VBN that_CS these_DTS conditions_NNS H10 175 are_BER similar_JJ to_IN those_DTS of_IN H10 176 the_ATI private_JJ laboratory_NN of_IN an_AT individual_JJ food_NN H10 176 manufacturer_NN ._. ^ they_PP3AS are_BER ,_, H10 177 but_CC the_ATI important_JJ difference_NN is_BEZ that_CS the_ATI H10 177 research_NN association_NN serves_VBZ a_AT H10 178 whole_JJ industry_NN and_CC this_DT ,_, coupled_VBN with_IN the_ATI H10 178 fact_NN that_CS it_PP3 has_HVZ close_JJ links_NNS H10 179 with_IN \0D.S.I.R_NP and_CC other_AP government_NN departments_NNS ,_, H10 179 encourages_VBZ it_PP3 to_TO H10 180 work_VB along_IN independent_JJ and_CC pioneer_NN lines_NNS in_IN H10 180 both_ABX its_PP$ research_NN and_CC H10 181 applied_JJ work_NN ._. ^ its_PP$ members_NNS realize_VB that_CS this_DT H10 181 must_MD be_BE so_PN if_CS the_ATI H10 182 association_NN is_BEZ to_TO be_BE their_PP$ scientific_JJ liaison_NN H10 182 with_IN the_ATI government_NN H10 183 departments_NNS concerned_VBN with_IN their_PP$ particular_JJ H10 183 industry_NN ._. ^ the_ATI work_NN of_IN the_ATI H10 184 food_NN standards_NNS committee_NN of_IN the_ATI ministry_NN of_IN H10 184 agriculture_NN ,_, fisheries_NNS and_CC H10 185 food_NN affords_VBZ a_AT notable_JJ example_NN :_: this_DT committee_NN H10 185 when_WRB considering_VBG a_AT H10 186 particular_JJ foodstuff_NN usually_RB invites_VBZ the_ATI director_NN H10 186 of_IN the_ATI appropriate_JJ H10 187 research_NN association_NN to_TO attend_VB its_PP$ meetings_NNS and_CC H10 187 ,_, in_IN some_DTI cases_NNS ,_, to_TO act_VB H10 188 as_IN assessor_NN to_IN the_ATI committee_NN ._. H10 189 ^ although_CS a_AT research_NN association_NN serves_VBZ a_AT H10 189 whole_JJ industry_NN it_PP3 is_BEZ H10 190 significant_JJ that_CS often_RB the_ATI work_NN of_IN the_ATI H10 190 association_NN has_HVZ encouraged_VBN H10 191 individual_JJ firms_NNS to_TO start_VB up_RP or_CC extend_VB their_PP$ H10 191 own_AP laboratories_NNS ._. ^ in_IN H10 192 this_DT way_NN the_ATI research_NN associations_NNS have_HV brought_VBN H10 192 a_AT much_RB greater_JJR H10 193 scientific_JJ outlook_NN and_CC interest_NN into_IN the_ATI industry_NN H10 193 as_IN a_AT whole_NN than_CS H10 194 their_PP$ budgets_NNS and_CC work_NN would_MD indicate_VB ._. H10 195 ^ co-operative_JJ research_NN ._. ^ apart_IN from_IN" H10 195 collaboration_NN between_IN H10 196 themselves_PPLS it_PP3 is_BEZ traditional_JJ and_CC in_IN fact_NN H10 196 essential_JJ for_IN the_ATI food_NN H10 197 research_NN associations_NNS to_TO collaborate_VB whenever_WRB H10 197 possible_JJ with_IN other_AP H10 198 laboratories_NNS that_WPR specialize_VB in_IN some_DTI particular_JJ H10 198 aspect_NN of_IN food_NN science_NN H10 199 and_CC technology_NN ._. ^ this_DT is_BEZ usually_RB of_IN mutual_JJ H10 199 advantage_NN since_CS the_ATI H10 200 research_NN association_NN has_HVZ its_PP$ own_AP specialized_JJ H10 200 knowledge_NN and_CC equipment_NN H10 201 to_TO offer_VB ._. ^ thus_RB a_AT notable_JJ example_NN is_BEZ the_ATI H10 201 joint_JJB work_NN with_IN the_ATI H10 202 \0M.A.F.F_NP in_IN connection_NN with_IN food_NN defence_NN plans_NNS H10 202 ._. H10 203 ^ similarly_RB there_EX is_BEZ continuous_JJ contact_NN and_CC H10 203 collaboration_NN with_IN the_ATI H10 204 low_JJ temperature_NN research_NN station_NN ,_, Cambridge_NP ,_, H10 204 and_CC the_ATI pest_NN infestation_NN H10 205 laboratory_NN ,_, Slough_NP (_( both_ABX \0A.R.C_NP )_) ,_, the_ATI H10 205 ministry's_NN$ food_NN science_NN and_CC H10 206 atomic_JJ energy_NN and_CC infestation_NN control_NN divisions_NNS ,_, H10 206 and_CC the_ATI laboratory_NN of_IN H10 207 the_ATI government_NN chemist_NN ._. ^ a_AT particularly_RB intimate_JJ H10 207 case_NN is_BEZ that_DT of_IN the_ATI H10 208 British_JNP food_NN manufacturing_NN industries_NNS research_NN H10 208 association_NN ,_, which_WDTR has_HVZ H10 209 seconded_VBN staff_NN to_IN the_ATI low_JJ temperature_NN research_NN H10 209 station_NN to_TO work_VB on_IN the_ATI H10 210 irradiation_NN of_IN foods_NNS as_IN a_AT possible_JJ method_NN of_IN H10 210 preservation_NN ._. ^ again_RB ,_, the_ATI H10 211 associations_NNS can_MD call_VB on_IN the_ATI resources_NNS of_IN H10 211 the_ATI commonwealth_NN mycological_JJ H10 212 institute_NN ,_, which_WDTR maintains_VBZ a_AT collection_NN of_IN H10 212 fungi_NNS many_AP of_IN which_WDTR are_BER of_IN H10 213 interest_NN in_IN research_NN into_IN certain_JJ food_NN problems_NNS H10 213 ._. H11 2 ^ 10_CD ._. ^ coming_VBG back_RP to_IN the_ATI broad_JJ design_NN H11 2 ,_, the_ATI government_NN entirely_RB H11 3 agree_VB with_IN the_ATI commission_NN that_CS greater_JJR London_NP H11 3 has_HVZ a_AT recognisable_JJ civic_JJ H11 4 unity_NN and_CC shape_NN ,_, largely_RB because_CS it_PP3 has_HVZ H11 4 grown_VBN outwards_RB from_IN a_AT single_JJ H11 5 centre_NN ._. ^ but_CC its_PP$ local_JJ government_NN structure_NN ,_, H11 5 inherited_VBN from_IN the_ATI days_NNS H11 6 when_WRB London_NP was_BEDZ much_RB smaller_JJR ,_, in_IN no_ATI way_NN H11 6 reflects_VBZ that_DT unity_NN ._. ^ the_ATI H11 7 major_JJ services_NNS are_BER administered_VBN by_IN six_CD county_NN H11 7 councils_NNS and_CC three_CD H11 8 county_NN borough_NN councils_NNS ,_, and_CC three_CD systems_NNS of_IN H11 8 local_JJ government_NN exist_VB H11 9 side_NN by_IN side_NN ._. ^ they_PP3AS are_BER :_: single-tier_JJB H11 9 government_NN in_IN the_ATI county_NN H11 10 boroughs_NNS ,_, two-tier_JJB government_NN of_IN the_ATI normal_JJ H11 10 pattern_NN outside_IN the_ATI H11 11 present_JJ administrative_JJ county_NN of_IN London_NP ,_, and_CC a_AT H11 11 unique_JJ two-tier_JJB system_NN H11 12 within_IN the_ATI administrative_JJ county_NN ,_, in_IN which_WDTR H11 12 most_AP of_IN the_ATI important_JJ local_JJ H11 13 government_NN functions_VBZ vest_NN in_IN the_ATI county_NN council_NN H11 13 ._. H11 14 ^ 11_CD ._. ^ London_NP has_HVZ clearly_RB outgrown_VBN the_ATI H11 14 system_NN of_IN local_JJ government_NN H11 15 devised_VBN to_TO meet_VB the_ATI vastly_RB different_JJ physical_JJ H11 15 and_CC social_JJ conditions_NNS of_IN H11 16 the_ATI last_AP century_NN ._. ^ this_DT great_JJ town_NN now_RN H11 16 faces_VBZ immense_JJ problems_NNS of_IN H11 17 congestion_NN ,_, of_IN traffic_NN ,_, of_IN land_NN shortages_NNS ,_, H11 17 and_CC of_IN major_JJ redevelopment_NN ._. H11 18 ^ all_ABN of_IN its_PP$ citizens_NNS are_BER *'_*' Londoners_NNPS H11 18 **'_**' ,_, not_XNOT only_RB those_DTS who_WPR live_VB H11 19 within_IN the_ATI City_NPL and_CC the_ATI 28_CD metropolitan_JJ H11 19 boroughs_NNS ._. ^ greater_JJR London_NP is_BEZ H11 20 their_PP$ city_NN and_CC all_ABN are_BER involved_VBN in_IN what_WDT H11 20 happens_VBZ to_IN it_PP3 ._. H11 21 ^ 12_CD ._. ^ the_ATI royal_JJ commission_NN were_BED convinced_VBN H11 21 that_CS ,_, unless_CS some_DTI method_NN H11 22 could_MD be_BE found_VBN within_IN the_ATI framework_NN of_IN local_JJ H11 22 government_NN to_TO tackle_VB the_ATI H11 23 pressing_JJ problems_NNS of_IN greater_JJR London_NP ,_, the_ATI H11 23 central_JJ government_NN would_MD H11 24 increasingly_RB supersede_VB the_ATI local_JJ authorities_NNS ._. ^ H11 24 they_PP3AS thought_VBD that_CS that_DT H11 25 would_MD be_BE disastrous_JJ for_IN local_JJ government_NN ,_, and_CC H11 25 they_PP3AS were_BED right_JJ ._. ^ that_DT H11 26 is_BEZ the_ATI answer_NN to_IN those_DTS who_WPR say_VB that_CS a_AT H11 26 system_NN of_IN local_JJ government_NN which_WDTR H11 27 recognises_VBZ greater_JJR London_NP as_IN a_AT unit_NN for_IN some_DTI H11 27 purposes_NNS is_BEZ not_XNOT local_JJ H11 28 government_NN at_IN all_ABN ._. ^ in_IN the_ATI government's_NN$ H11 28 opinion_NN it_PP3 is_BEZ the_ATI only_AP way_NN to_TO H11 29 enable_VB greater_JJR London_NP to_TO enjoy_VB an_AT adequate_JJ H11 29 measure_NN of_IN responsible_JJ H11 30 self-government_NN ._. H11 31 ^ 13_CD ._. ^ there_EX is_BEZ now_RN an_AT opportunity_NN to_TO H11 31 carry_VB out_RP effective_JJ H11 32 reorganisation_NN which_WDTR will_MD bring_VB London_NP government_NN H11 32 into_IN harmony_NN with_IN H11 33 the_ATI physical_JJ features_NNS of_IN the_ATI metropolis_NN ,_, and_CC H11 33 will_MD fit_VB it_PP3 to_TO face_VB the_ATI H11 34 new_JJ problems_NNS presented_VBN by_IN changing_JJ social_JJ H11 34 conditions_NNS and_CC the_ATI H11 35 ubiquitous_JJ motor_NN vehicle_NN ._. ^ the_ATI government_NN are_BER H11 35 convinced_VBN that_CS if_CS this_DT H11 36 opportunity_NN is_BEZ not_XNOT now_RN grasped_VBN ,_, local_JJ H11 36 government_NN will_MD wither_VB in_IN the_ATI H11 37 capital_JJ city_NN where_WRB ,_, in_IN the_ATI past_NN ,_, it_PP3 H11 37 has_HVZ been_BEN strongest_JJT ._. H11 38 ^ 14_CD ._. ^ the_ATI government_NN have_HV been_BEN impressed_VBN H11 38 by_IN the_ATI wide_JJ recognition_NN H11 39 among_IN the_ATI local_JJ authorities_NNS concerned_VBN of_IN the_ATI H11 39 need_NN for_IN some_DTI change_NN ._. H11 40 ^ true_JJ ,_, many_AP would_MD adopt_VB a_AT different_JJ and_CC H11 40 less_QL radical_JJ solution_NN than_IN H11 41 that_DT proposed_VBN by_IN the_ATI commission_NN ._. ^ but_CC about_RB H11 41 the_ATI same_AP number_NN ,_, while_CS H11 42 having_HVG reservation_NN on_IN some_DTI points_NNS of_IN detail_NN ,_, H11 42 accept_VB the_ATI commission's_NN$ H11 43 broad_JJ plan_NN ._. H11 44 ^ 15_CD ._. ^ the_ATI feature_NN which_WDTR attracted_VBD the_ATI H11 44 greatest_JJT support_NN was_BEDZ the_ATI H11 45 conception_NN of_IN the_ATI borough_NN as_IN the_ATI primary_JJ unit_NN H11 45 of_IN local_JJ government_NN ._. H11 46 ^ the_ATI government_NN are_BER sure_JJ that_CS this_DT is_BEZ the_ATI H11 46 right_JJ principle_NN ._. ^ it_PP3 is_BEZ a_AT H11 47 serious_JJ defect_NN in_IN the_ATI present_JJ organisation_NN that_CS H11 47 many_AP of_IN the_ATI boroughs_NNS ,_, H11 48 and_CC especially_RB the_ATI metropolitan_JJ boroughs_NNS ,_, have_HV H11 48 no_ATI real_JJ responsibility_NN H11 49 for_IN the_ATI running_NN of_IN the_ATI local_JJ and_CC personal_JJ H11 49 services_NNS ._. ^ the_ATI system_NN H11 50 proposed_VBN by_IN the_ATI commission_NN would_MD place_VB personal_JJ H11 50 ,_, preventive_JJ and_CC H11 51 environmental_JJ health_NN services_NNS ,_, welfare_NN and_CC H11 51 children's_NNS$ services_NNS ,_, and_CC H11 52 housing_NN ,_, in_IN the_ATI hands_NNS of_IN one_CD1 authority_NN ,_, H11 52 local_JJ enough_QLP in_IN character_NN to_TO H11 53 enable_VB local_JJ knowledge_NN of_IN the_ATI area_NN and_CC of_IN H11 53 its_PP$ living_NN and_CC working_NN H11 54 conditions_NNS to_TO be_BE brought_VBN to_TO bear_VB ._. ^ this_DT H11 54 would_MD not_XNOT only_RB greatly_RB enlarge_VB H11 55 the_ATI scope_NN of_IN the_ATI borough_NN councillor_NN ,_, but_CC H11 55 would_MD also_RB make_VB for_IN more_QL H11 56 effective_JJ administration_NN of_IN these_DTS closely_RB linked_JJ H11 56 social_JJ services_NNS ._. ^ the_ATI H11 57 government_NN regard_VB this_DT as_IN a_AT key_JJB feature_NN of_IN H11 57 the_ATI commission's_NN$ plan_NN ,_, and_CC H11 58 one_CD1 well_RB designed_VBN to_TO attract_VB into_IN local_JJ H11 58 government_NN more_AP men_NNS and_CC women_NNS H11 59 of_IN real_JJ ability_NN ,_, by_IN making_VBG sure_JJ that_CS there_EX H11 59 are_BER worthwhile_JJ jobs_NNS for_IN H11 60 them_PP3OS to_TO do_DO ._. ^ if_CS any_DTI re-organisation_NN of_IN H11 60 local_JJ government_NN does_DOZ not_XNOT H11 61 secure_VB this_DT it_PP3 will_MD fail_VB of_IN its_PP$ purpose_NN ._. H11 62 ^ 16_CD ._. ^ the_ATI principal_JJB alternative_JJ plan_NN is_BEZ H11 62 one_CD1 ,_, sponsored_VBN chiefly_RB by_IN H11 63 the_ATI county_NN councils_NNS of_IN Essex_NP ,_, Kent_NP ,_, London_NP H11 63 ,_, Middlesex_NP and_CC Surrey_NP ,_, for_IN H11 64 an_AT indirectly_RB elected_JJ joint_JJB board_NN for_IN an_AT area_NN H11 64 a_AT good_JJ deal_NN wider_JJR than_IN H11 65 that_DT reviewed_VBN by_IN the_ATI commission_NN ,_, and_CC the_ATI H11 65 retention_NN of_IN the_ATI existing_JJ H11 66 county_NN and_CC county_NN borough_NN councils_NNS ._. ^ the_ATI H11 66 board_NN would_MD have_HV H11 67 responsibilities_NNS in_IN town_NN planning_NN for_IN drawing_VBG up_RP H11 67 a_AT master_NN plan_NN to_IN H11 68 which_WDTR the_ATI local_JJ planning_NN authorities_NNS would_MD be_BE H11 68 required_VBN to_TO conform_VB ,_, H11 69 covering_VBG such_ABL regional_JJ questions_NNS as_IN the_ATI main_JJB H11 69 road_NN framework_NN ,_, target_NN H11 70 populations_NNS ,_, the_ATI level_NN and_CC main_JJB disposition_NN H11 70 of_IN employment_NN :_: for_IN laying_VBG H11 71 down_RP the_ATI main_JJB considerations_NNS for_IN dealing_VBG with_IN H11 71 traffic_NN :_: for_IN planning_VBG H11 72 and_CC co-ordinating_VBG refuse_NN disposal_NN :_: and_CC for_IN H11 72 planning_VBG and_CC co-ordinating_VBG H11 73 programmes_NNS for_IN over-spill_NN ._. ^ the_ATI powers_NNS of_IN H11 73 this_DT joint_JJB board_NN would_MD be_BE H11 74 mainly_RB advisory_JJ in_IN character_NN ,_, and_CC meanwhile_RB H11 74 somewhat_RB greater_JJR powers_NNS H11 75 would_MD be_BE conferred_VBN on_IN or_CC delegated_VBN to_IN the_ATI H11 75 boroughs_NNS ._. H11 76 ^ 17_CD ._. ^ the_ATI government_NN believe_VB that_CS a_AT plan_NN H11 76 on_IN these_DTS lines_NNS would_MD not_XNOT H11 77 begin_VB to_TO meet_VB the_ATI needs_NNS of_IN the_ATI situation_NN ._. H11 77 ^ for_IN a_AT start_NN it_PP3 ignores_VBZ *-_*- or_CC H11 78 denies_VBZ *-_*- one_CD1 of_IN the_ATI fundamental_JJ assumptions_NNS H11 78 on_IN which_WDTR the_ATI royal_JJ H11 79 commission's_NN$ report_NN was_BEDZ based_VBN ._. ^ this_DT is_BEZ H11 79 that_CS the_ATI built-up_JJB areas_NNS H11 80 outside_IN the_ATI county_NN of_IN London_NP are_BER ,_, now_RN ,_, H11 80 more_QL properly_RB a_AT part_NN of_IN greater_JJR H11 81 London_NP than_CS of_IN the_ATI home_NR Counties_NPLS to_IN which_WDTR H11 81 historically_RB they_PP3AS belong_VB ._. H11 82 ^ but_CC that_DT apart_RP ,_, this_DT plan_NN would_MD surely_RB H11 82 confuse_VB responsibilities_NNS ._. ^ the_ATI H11 83 authority_NN which_WDTR has_HVZ to_TO deal_VB with_IN the_ATI H11 83 planning_NN ,_, traffic_NN and_CC road_NN H11 84 problems_NNS of_IN greater_JJR London_NP must_MD exercise_VB a_AT H11 84 real_JJ responsibility_NN ,_, and_CC H11 85 must_MD be_BE able_JJ to_TO secure_VB that_CS its_PP$ plans_NNS are_BER H11 85 effectively_RB carried_VBN out_RP ._. ^ a_AT H11 86 largely_RB advisory_JJ body_NN ,_, with_IN powers_NNS mainly_RB of_IN H11 86 co-ordination_NN and_CC H11 87 supervision_NN ,_, would_MD be_BE likely_JJ to_TO achieve_VB very_QL H11 87 little_AP ._. ^ the_ATI overall_JJB H11 88 authority_NN must_MD be_BE an_AT executive_JJ body_NN if_CS it_PP3 H11 88 is_BEZ to_TO be_BE effective_JJ ,_, although_CS H11 89 no_ATI doubt_NN it_PP3 would_MD be_BE right_JJ that_CS it_PP3 should_MD H11 89 in_IN some_DTI matters_NNS act_VB through_IN H11 90 the_ATI agency_NN of_IN the_ATI borough_NN councils_NNS ._. ^ the_ATI H11 90 government_NN also_RB believe_VB that_CS H11 91 this_DT authority_NN ,_, for_IN full_JJ effectiveness_NN and_CC H11 91 bearing_VBG in_IN mind_NN the_ATI powers_NNS H11 92 and_CC responsibilities_NNS which_WDTR it_PP3 will_MD carry_VB ,_, H11 92 ought_MD to_TO be_BE directly_RB H11 93 elected_VBN ._. ^ a_AT joint_JJB board_NN as_CS envisaged_VBN would_MD H11 93 entail_VB a_AT third_OD tier_NN of_IN H11 94 responsibility_NN ,_, and_CC this_DT would_MD only_RB further_RBR H11 94 confuse_VB the_ATI already_RB H11 95 confused_JJ local_JJ government_NN pattern_NN in_IN the_ATI area_NN ._. H11 95 ^ county_NN councils_NNS would_MD H11 96 be_BE sandwiched_VBN between_IN the_ATI joint_JJB board_NN and_CC H11 96 their_PP$ boroughs_NNS and_CC H11 97 districts_NNS ,_, while_CS the_ATI latter_AP could_MD not_XNOT be_BE H11 97 given_VBN the_ATI responsibilities_NNS H11 98 which_WDTR ,_, in_IN the_ATI government's_NN$ view_NN ,_, they_PP3AS H11 98 ought_MD to_TO have_HV ._. H11 99 ^ 18_CD ._. ^ the_ATI government_NN recognise_NN that_CS the_ATI H11 99 abolition_NN of_IN the_ATI present_JJ H11 100 county_NN pattern_NN in_IN the_ATI London_NP area_NN will_MD present_VB H11 100 formidable_JJ problems_NNS of_IN H11 101 organisation_NN ._. ^ their_PP$ concern_NN is_BEZ to_TO get_VB the_ATI H11 101 best_JJT administrative_JJ H11 102 structure_NN for_IN local_JJ government_NN ._. ^ when_WRB that_DT H11 102 is_BEZ settled_VBN they_PP3AS will_MD give_VB H11 103 consideration_NN to_IN such_ABL related_JJ matters_NNS as_IN the_ATI H11 103 arrangements_NNS for_IN the_ATI H11 104 administration_NN of_IN justice_NN ,_, for_IN the_ATI lieutenancies_NNS H11 104 and_CC for_IN sheriffs_NNS ._. ^ in_RB H11 105 general_RB" they_PP3AS wish_VB to_TO emphasise_VB that_CS they_PP3AS H11 105 propose_VB to_TO make_VB only_RB changes_NNS H11 106 which_WDTR are_BER needed_VBN to_TO achieve_VB their_PP$ main_JJB H11 106 purpose_NN and_CC matters_NNS H11 107 consequential_JJ to_IN it_PP3 ._. ^ these_DTS proposals_NNS should_MD H11 107 not_XNOT affect_VB any_DTI existing_JJ H11 108 cultural_JJ ,_, social_JJ ,_, sporting_NN or_CC other_AP H11 108 associations_NNS or_CC loyalties_NNS which_WDTR H11 109 may_MD be_BE based_VBN on_IN the_ATI traditional_JJ counties_NNS ._. ^ H11 109 they_PP3AS are_BER ,_, however_RB ,_, H11 110 convinced_VBN that_CS London_NP needs_VBZ a_AT form_NN of_IN local_JJ H11 110 government_NN organisation_NN to_TO H11 111 match_VB its_PP$ present_JJ physical_JJ shape_NN and_CC state_NN ._. ^ H11 111 they_PP3AS are_BER convinced_VBN ,_, too_RB ,_, H11 112 that_CS this_DT organisation_NN must_MD be_BE one_CD1 which_WDTR H11 112 recognises_VBZ the_ATI unity_NN and_CC H11 113 cohesion_NN of_IN the_ATI area_NN ,_, and_CC which_WDTR would_MD H11 113 combine_VB ability_NN to_TO handle_VB those_DTS H11 114 issues_NNS that_WPR demand_VB a_AT comprehensive_JJ view_NN of_IN H11 114 the_ATI whole_JJ area_NN with_IN the_ATI H11 115 capacity_NN to_TO grapple_VB effectively_RB with_IN the_ATI many_AP H11 115 and_CC complex_JJ local_JJ H11 116 problems_NNS ._. ^ the_ATI government_NN believe_VB that_CS ,_, H11 116 provided_CS these_DTS conditions_NNS are_BER H11 117 met_VBN ,_, the_ATI new_JJ structure_NN will_MD provide_VB fuller_JJR H11 117 opportunities_NNS for_IN really_RB H11 118 worthwhile_JJ local_JJ government_NN service_NN ._. H11 119 ^ the_ATI boroughs_NNS ._. H11 120 ^ 19_CD ._. ^ the_ATI royal_JJ commission_NN suggested_VBD that_CS H11 120 the_ATI boroughs_NNS should_MD H11 121 fall_VB within_IN the_ATI population_NN range_NN 100,000_CD to_IN H11 121 250,000_CD ,_, and_CC provisionally_RB H11 122 proposed_VBD a_AT pattern_NN comprising_VBG 52_CD new_JJ boroughs_NNS H11 122 (_( including_IN the_ATI City_NPL )_) ._. H11 123 ^ the_ATI local_JJ government_NN act_NN ,_, 1958_CD ,_, provides_VBZ H11 123 that_CS ,_, in_CS so_CS" far_CS" as_CS" the_ATI H11 124 constitution_NN of_IN a_AT new_JJ county_NN borough_NN outside_IN H11 124 the_ATI metropolitan_JJ area_NN is_BEZ H11 125 affected_VBN by_IN considerations_NNS of_IN population_NN ,_, the_ATI H11 125 Minister_NPT should_MD presume_VB H11 126 that_CS a_AT population_NN of_IN 100,000_CD is_BEZ sufficient_JJ to_TO H11 126 support_VB the_ATI discharge_NN of_IN H11 127 the_ATI function_NN of_IN a_AT county_NN borough_NN council_NN ._. ^ H11 127 this_DT does_DOZ not_XNOT mean_VB ,_, H11 128 however_RB ,_, that_CS larger_JJR units_NNS would_MD not_XNOT be_BE H11 128 better_JJR if_CS they_PP3AS could_MD be_BE set_VBN up_RP H11 129 without_IN loss_NN of_IN convenience_NN ._. ^ larger_JJR units_NNS H11 129 would_MD mean_VB more_AP work_NN for_IN H11 130 each_DT authority_NN in_IN all_ABN the_ATI personal_JJ services_NNS ,_, H11 130 and_CC so_RB make_VB H11 131 specialisation_NN in_IN staff_NN and_CC institutions_NNS more_QL H11 131 efficient_JJ and_CC H11 132 economical_JJ ._. ^ in_IN addition_NN ,_, larger_JJR units_NNS would_MD H11 132 be_BE stronger_JJR in_IN resources_NNS H11 133 and_CC so_RB better_RBR able_JJ to_TO secure_VB the_ATI major_JJ H11 133 redevelopments_NNS which_WDTR many_AP H11 134 boroughs_NNS now_RN need_VB ._. ^ they_PP3AS would_MD be_BE better_RBR H11 134 able_JJ to_TO maintain_VB and_CC improve_VB H11 135 the_ATI standard_NN of_IN their_PP$ services_NNS and_CC to_TO H11 135 undertake_VB their_PP$ development_NN as_CS H11 136 circumstances_NNS may_MD require_VB ._. ^ moreover_RB the_ATI very_AP H11 136 nature_NN of_IN London_NP *-_*- H11 137 continuously_RB built-up_VBN at_IN high_JJ densities_NNS ,_, with_IN H11 137 a_AT comprehensive_JJ system_NN H11 138 of_IN transport_NN and_CC a_AT population_NN which_WDTR in_IN many_AP H11 138 of_IN its_PP$ daily_JJ activities_NNS H11 139 pays_VBZ little_AP regard_NN to_IN local_JJ boundaries_NNS *-_*- H11 139 distinguishes_VBZ it_PP3 from_IN the_ATI H11 140 typical_JJ county_NN borough_NN ._. ^ hitherto_RB ,_, London_NP has_HVZ H11 140 suffered_VBN in_IN its_PP$ local_JJ H11 141 administration_NN from_IN too_QL great_JJ a_AT proliferation_NN of_IN H11 141 not_XNOT very_QL strong_JJ H11 142 authorities_NNS ._. ^ the_ATI aim_NN now_RN should_MD be_BE to_TO H11 142 create_VB units_NNS which_WDTR ,_, while_CS H11 143 retaining_VBG their_PP$ local_JJ character_NN ,_, are_BER well_RB H11 143 equipped_VBN to_TO provide_VB a_AT fully_RB H11 144 adequate_JJ standard_NN of_IN local_JJ services_NNS ._. ^ in_IN a_AT H11 144 closely-knit_JJB area_NN such_IN as_IN" H11 145 London_NP ,_, the_ATI government_NN believe_VB that_CS this_DT H11 145 object_NN can_MD best_RBT be_BE assured_VBN by_IN H11 146 aiming_VBG at_IN a_AT larger_JJR minimum_JJ population_NN and_CC H11 146 rather_RB fewer_AP boroughs_NNS than_CS H11 147 suggested_VBN by_IN the_ATI commission_NN ._. ^ they_PP3AS consider_VB H11 147 that_CS this_DT will_MD make_VB not_XNOT H11 148 only_RB for_IN higher_JJR standards_NNS ,_, but_CC also_RB for_IN H11 148 greater_JJR economy_NN in_IN H11 149 administration_NN ._. H11 150 ^ 20_CD ._. ^ the_ATI government's_NN$ general_JJ conclusion_NN H11 150 about_IN the_ATI size_NN of_IN the_ATI H11 151 boroughs_NNS is_BEZ that_CS it_PP3 would_MD be_BE desirable_JJ to_TO H11 151 aim_VB at_IN a_AT minimum_JJ population_NN H11 152 of_IN around_RB 200,000_CD wherever_WRB possible_JJ ._. ^ some_DTI H11 152 boroughs_NNS might_MD be_BE H11 153 substantially_RB larger_JJR than_IN this_DT ._. ^ they_PP3AS propose_VB H11 153 shortly_RB to_TO circulate_VB ,_, as_IN H11 154 a_AT basis_NN for_IN consultation_NN with_IN the_ATI local_JJ H11 154 authorities_NNS ,_, an_AT illustration_NN H11 155 of_IN how_WRB larger_JJR boroughs_NNS might_MD work_VB out_RP ._. H11 156 ^ 21_CD ._. ^ the_ATI government_NN agree_VB that_CS the_ATI term_NN H11 156 *'_*' metropolitan_NC borough_NC H11 157 **'_**' should_MD now_RN be_BE abandoned_VBN ;_; they_PP3AS propose_VB H11 157 the_ATI title_NN of_IN *'_*' London_NC H11 158 borough_NC **'_**' ._. ^ the_ATI commission_NN suggested_VBD that_CS H11 158 the_ATI constitution_NN of_IN the_ATI H11 159 borough_NN councils_NNS should_MD follow_VB that_DT of_IN municipal_JJ H11 159 boroughs_NNS outside_IN H11 160 London_NP ,_, and_CC the_ATI government_NN agree_VB with_IN this_DT H11 160 view_NN ._. H11 161 ^ 22_CD ._. ^ the_ATI government_NN agree_VB with_IN the_ATI H11 161 royal_JJ commission_NN in_IN thinking_VBG H11 162 that_CS the_ATI boundaries_NNS and_CC status_NN of_IN the_ATI City_NPL H11 162 of_IN London_NP should_MD remain_VB H11 163 unchanged_JJ ,_, and_CC that_CS it_PP3 should_MD receive_VB the_ATI H11 163 additional_JJ powers_NNS given_VBN to_IN H11 164 boroughs_NNS in_IN the_ATI London_NP area_NN ._. H11 165 ^ the_ATI greater_JJR London_NP council_NN ._. H11 166 ^ 23_CD ._. ^ the_ATI government_NN agree_VB that_CS the_ATI H11 166 greater_JJR London_NP council_NN should_MD H11 167 be_BE directly_RB elected_VBN ._. ^ they_PP3AS propose_VB to_TO H11 167 adopt_VB the_ATI commission's_NN$ plan_NN that_CS H11 168 its_PP$ members_NNS should_MD serve_VB for_IN three_CD years_NNS and_CC H11 168 retire_VB together_RB ._. H11 169 ^ 24_CD ._. ^ the_ATI commission_NN proposed_VBD that_CS election_NN H11 169 should_MD be_BE based_VBN on_IN H11 170 parliamentary_JJ constituencies_NNS ._. ^ on_IN the_ATI present_JJ H11 170 structure_NN this_DT would_MD H11 171 give_VB a_AT membership_NN of_IN about_RB 110_CD ._. ^ many_AP H11 171 authorities_NNS have_HV criticised_VBN this_DT H11 172 proposal_NN ,_, and_CC argue_VB that_CS representation_NN would_MD H11 172 better_RBR be_BE based_VBN more_QL H11 173 directly_RB on_IN the_ATI boroughs_NNS ._. ^ this_DT is_BEZ a_AT H11 173 matter_NN which_WDTR will_MD require_VB further_JJB H11 174 examination_NN in_IN the_ATI light_NN of_IN the_ATI pattern_NN of_IN H11 174 boroughs_NNS which_WDTR emerges_VBZ ,_, and_CC H11 175 the_ATI government_NN reserve_VB their_PP$ decision_NN on_IN it_PP3 ._. H11 176 ^ 25_CD ._. ^ the_ATI government_NN agree_VB generally_RB with_IN H11 176 the_ATI principles_NNS applied_VBN by_IN H11 177 the_ATI commission_NN in_IN deciding_VBG which_WDT areas_NNS they_PP3AS H11 177 should_MD recommend_VB for_IN H11 178 inclusion_NN in_IN the_ATI greater_JJR London_NP administrative_JJ H11 178 area_NN ._. ^ when_WRB H11 179 consultation_NN takes_VBZ place_NN with_IN the_ATI local_JJ H11 179 authorities_NNS about_IN the_ATI borough_NN H11 180 pattern_NN ,_, there_EX will_MD be_BE opportunity_NN for_IN any_DTI H11 180 peripheral_JJ authority_NN to_TO H11 181 make_VB known_VBN its_PP$ views_NNS about_IN its_PP$ inclusion_NN in_IN H11 181 or_CC exclusion_NN from_IN the_ATI H11 182 London_NP area_NN ._. ^ the_ATI districts_NNS left_VBN out_RP of_IN H11 182 the_ATI London_NP area_NN will_MD be_BE H11 183 brought_VBN within_IN the_ATI ambit_NN of_IN the_ATI local_JJ H11 183 government_NN commission_NN ,_, who_WPR will_MD H11 184 then_RN of_RB course_RB" be_BE able_JJ to_TO consider_VB ,_, among_IN H11 184 other_AP things_NNS ,_, Watford's_NP$ H11 185 claims_NNS for_IN county_NN borough_NN status_NN ._. H11 186 ^ functions_NNS ._. H11 187 ^ 26_CD ._. ^ the_ATI following_JJ paragraphs_NNS set_VB out_RP H11 187 the_ATI government's_NN$ broad_JJ H11 188 proposals_NNS with_IN regard_NN to_IN the_ATI administration_NN of_IN H11 188 particular_JJ functions_NNS ;_; H11 189 many_AP matters_NNS of_IN detail_NN will_MD naturally_RB require_VB H11 189 further_JJB consideration_NN ._. H11 190 ^ personal_JJ health_NN and_CC welfare_NN services_NNS and_CC H11 190 children's_NNS$ services_NNS ._. H11 191 ^ 27_CD ._. ^ there_EX was_BEDZ no_ATI doubt_NN in_IN the_ATI H11 191 commission's_NN$ mind_NN that_CS these_DTS H11 192 services_NNS ,_, with_IN the_ATI exception_NN of_IN the_ATI H11 192 ambulance_NN service_NN ,_, should_MD all_ABN be_BE H11 193 organised_VBN on_IN as_QL local_JJ a_AT basis_NN as_CS possible_JJ ;_; H11 193 they_PP3AS recommend_VB that_CS they_PP3AS H11 194 should_MD become_VB a_AT borough_NN responsibility_NN ._. ^ the_ATI H11 194 government_NN agree_VB with_IN H11 195 this_DT conclusion_NN ._. ^ they_PP3AS concur_VB also_RB in_IN the_ATI H11 195 belief_NN that_CS positive_JJ H11 196 advantages_NNS will_MD follow_VB from_IN the_ATI concentration_NN of_IN H11 196 responsibility_NN for_IN H11 197 these_DTS services_NNS ,_, and_CC other_AP associated_JJ ones_CD1S H11 197 such_IN as_IN" housing_NN and_CC H11 198 environmental_JJ health_NN ,_, in_IN the_ATI hands_NNS of_IN the_ATI H11 198 same_AP authorities_NNS ._. H11 199 ^ housing_NN ._. H11 200 ^ 28_CD ._. ^ the_ATI government_NN accept_VB the_ATI royal_JJ H11 200 commission's_NN$ main_JJB H11 201 conclusion_NN that_CS housing_NN is_BEZ essentially_RB a_AT borough_NN H11 201 service_NN ._. H12 2 for_IN example_NN ,_, in_IN one_CD1 of_IN the_ATI factories_NNS H12 2 studied_VBN ,_, which_WDTR packed_VBD domestic_JJ H12 3 goods_NNS ,_, output_NN per_IN man_NN hour_NN increased_VBD by_IN 75_CD H12 3 per_NNU cent_NNU" and_CC earnings_NNS by_IN 40_CD H12 4 per_NNU cent_NNU" ,_, and_CC the_ATI wages_NNS cost_NN per_IN unit_NN H12 4 was_BEDZ reduced_VBN by_IN 20_CD per_NNU cent_NNU" ,_, in_IN a_AT H12 5 period_NN of_IN two_CD years_NNS following_IN the_ATI introduction_NN H12 5 of_IN the_ATI financial_JJ H12 6 incentive_NN scheme_NN ._. H12 7 ^ although_CS the_ATI Birmingham_NP study_NN suggests_VBZ that_CS H12 7 financial_JJ incentives_NNS H12 8 are_BER effective_JJ in_IN influencing_VBG the_ATI behaviour_NN of_IN H12 8 workers_NNS ,_, it_PP3 also_RB shows_VBZ H12 9 that_CS the_ATI effects_NNS may_MD vary_VB a_AT great_JJ deal_NN H12 9 from_IN factory_NN to_IN factory_NN ._. ^ where_WRB H12 10 high_JJ output_NN is_BEZ already_RB being_BEG achieved_VBN ,_, the_ATI H12 10 introduction_NN of_IN a_AT financial_JJ H12 11 incentive_NN may_MD make_VB little_AP or_CC no_ATI difference_NN ._. ^ H12 11 in_IN other_AP circumstances_NNS ,_, H12 12 however_RB ,_, the_ATI effect_NN may_MD be_BE quite_RB marked_JJ ._. ^ H12 12 in_IN yet_RB others_APS ,_, there_EX may_MD be_BE H12 13 influences_NNS at_IN work_NN which_WDTR prevent_VB a_AT scheme_NN H12 13 from_IN having_HVG the_ATI intended_JJ H12 14 effect_NN ._. ^ it_PP3 is_BEZ always_RB difficult_JJ to_TO H12 14 anticipate_VB precisely_RB what_WDT the_ATI H12 15 effect_NN will_MD be_BE ,_, or_CC to_TO make_VB any_DTI useful_JJ H12 15 statement_NN about_IN the_ATI relationship_NN H12 16 between_IN the_ATI financial_JJ incentive_NN on_IN the_ATI one_CD1 H12 16 hand_NN ,_, and_CC effort_NN or_CC output_NN H12 17 on_IN the_ATI other_AP ,_, which_WDTR would_MD apply_VB in_IN all_ABN H12 17 circumstances_NNS ._. ^ but_CC it_PP3 is_BEZ H12 18 obviously_RB useful_JJ to_TO know_VB what_WDT influences_NNS are_BER H12 18 likely_JJ to_TO affect_VB the_ATI H12 19 success_NN of_IN financial_JJ incentive_NN schemes_NNS ,_, and_CC to_TO H12 19 be_BE aware_JJ of_IN some_DTI of_IN the_ATI H12 20 practical_JJ difficulties_NNS which_WDTR may_MD arise_VB ._. ^ the_ATI H12 20 evidence_NN from_IN intensive_JJ H12 21 studies_NNS of_IN workshop_NN behaviour_NN by_IN social_JJ H12 21 scientists_NNS in_IN Britain_NP and_CC H12 22 \0U.S.A_NP will_MD now_RN be_BE discussed_VBN briefly_RB ._. H12 23 ^ the_ATI influence_NN of_IN the_ATI social_JJ group_NN ._. H12 24 ^ observation_NN of_IN behaviour_NN in_IN workshops_NNS often_RB H12 24 reveals_VBZ that_CS levels_NNS H12 25 of_IN output_NN and_CC earnings_NNS under_IN financial_JJ incentive_NN H12 25 schemes_NNS are_BER H12 26 controlled_VBN by_IN groups_NNS of_IN workers_NNS ._. ^ this_DT is_BEZ H12 26 possible_JJ because_CS ,_, by_IN their_PP$ H12 27 very_AP design_NN ,_, such_ABL schemes_NNS leave_VB the_ATI worker_NN H12 27 some_DTI freedom_NN to_TO regulate_VB H12 28 the_ATI relationship_NN between_IN effort_NN and_CC reward_NN ,_, H12 28 hence_RB providing_VBG scope_NN for_IN H12 29 manipulation_NN ._. ^ the_ATI extent_NN of_IN this_DT ,_, and_CC H12 29 the_ATI desire_NN to_TO manipulate_VB ,_, will_MD H12 30 vary_VB from_IN workshop_NN to_IN workshop_NN ,_, according_IN to_IN" H12 30 the_ATI degree_NN of_IN H12 31 machine-pacing_NN of_IN work_NN ,_, and_CC the_ATI effectiveness_NN H12 31 of_IN other_AP managerial_JJ H12 32 controls_NNS ._. ^ it_PP3 will_MD also_RB depend_VB on_IN whether_CS H12 32 workers_NNS want_VB to_TO set_VB their_PP$ H12 33 own_AP standards_NNS of_IN output_NN and_CC earnings_NNS ._. ^ if_CS H12 33 they_PP3AS do_DO ,_, and_CC if_CS their_PP$ H12 34 standards_NNS are_BER lower_JJR than_IN those_DTS considered_VBN as_CS H12 34 reasonable_JJ by_IN managers_NNS ,_, H12 35 such_ABL behaviour_NN is_BEZ usually_RB called_VBN *'_*' restriction_NN H12 35 of_IN output_NN **'_**' ._. H12 36 ^ behaviour_NN of_IN this_DT kind_NN and_CC the_ATI judgements_NNS H12 36 which_WDTR are_BER made_VBN about_IN it_PP3 ,_, H12 37 reveal_VB that_CS the_ATI ideas_NNS of_IN managers_NNS and_CC H12 37 workers_NNS will_MD often_RB differ_VB about_IN H12 38 a_AT fair_JJ day's_NN$ work_NN for_IN a_AT fair_JJ day's_NN$ pay_NN ._. H12 39 ^ the_ATI existence_NN of_IN such_ABL discrepant_JJ ideas_NNS H12 39 has_HVZ long_RB been_BEN recognized_VBN ._. H12 40 ^ \0F_NP \0W_NP Taylor_NP ,_, a_AT pioneer_NN of_IN scientific_JJ H12 40 management_NN ,_, used_VBD the_ATI H12 41 colourful_JJ term_NN *'_*' systematic_NC soldiering_NC **'_**' to_TO H12 41 describe_VB control_NN over_IN H12 42 output_NN by_IN the_ATI working_JJ group_NN ,_, when_WRB the_ATI H12 42 group's_NN$ standards_NNS were_BED lower_JJR H12 43 than_CS management_NN hoped_VBD for_IN or_CC expected_VBD ._. ^ he_PP3A H12 43 believed_VBD that_CS this_DT could_MD be_BE H12 44 overcome_VBN by_IN the_ATI scientific_JJ setting_NN of_IN standards_NNS H12 44 ,_, by_IN more_QL efficient_JJ H12 45 methods_NNS of_IN working_VBG and_CC managerial_JJ control_NN ,_, H12 45 and_CC by_IN the_ATI offer_NN of_IN cash_NN H12 46 incentives_NNS to_IN workers_NNS ,_, specially_RB selected_VBN as_CS H12 46 suitable_JJ to_TO perform_VB H12 47 certain_JJ tasks_NNS defined_VBN by_IN management_NN ._. ^ in_IN H12 47 Taylor's_NP$ scheme_NN ,_, which_WDTR has_HVZ H12 48 been_BEN widely_RB adopted_VBN in_IN various_JJ forms_NNS ,_, the_ATI H12 48 onus_NN is_BEZ upon_IN management_NN to_TO H12 49 develop_VB more_QL effective_JJ techniques_NNS of_IN control_NN over_IN H12 49 the_ATI production_NN H12 50 process_NN ._. ^ often_RB investigators_NNS ,_, including_IN Taylor_NP H12 50 himself_PPL ,_, have_HV argued_VBN H12 51 that_CS to_TO change_VB attitudes_NNS is_BEZ equally_RB important_JJ H12 51 ,_, if_CS not_XNOT more_QL so_PN ._. ^ \0P_NP H12 52 \0E_NP Vernon_NP argued_VBD ,_, for_IN example_NN ,_, that_CS the_ATI H12 52 *'_*' economic_JJ fallacy_NN **'_**' of_IN H12 53 restriction_NN of_IN output_NN *-_*- \0i.e_RB ,_, that_CS it_PP3 is_BEZ H12 53 in_IN the_ATI workers'_NNS$ best_JJT H12 54 interests_NNS *-_*- could_MD be_BE overcome_VBN if_CS workers_NNS H12 54 were_BED better_RBR educated_VBN ,_, and_CC H12 55 allowed_VBN a_AT greater_JJR share_NN in_IN management_NN ._. H12 56 ^ later_JJR researches_NNS suggest_VB that_CS these_DTS H12 56 investigators_NNS over-stressed_VBD H12 57 economic_JJ rationalism_NN as_IN a_AT motive_NN in_IN worker_NN H12 57 behaviour_NN ._. ^ social_JJ H12 58 scientists_NNS have_HV pointed_VBN out_RP that_CS the_ATI behaviour_NN H12 58 of_IN an_AT individual_NN is_BEZ H12 59 largely_RB controlled_VBN by_IN the_ATI rules_NNS and_CC customs_NNS H12 59 of_IN society_NN as_IN a_AT whole_NN and_CC H12 60 of_IN the_ATI groups_NNS within_IN it_PP3 to_IN which_WDTR he_PP3A H12 60 belongs_VBZ ._. ^ he_PP3A is_BEZ rewarded_VBN when_WRB he_PP3A H12 61 conforms_VBZ to_IN the_ATI rules_NNS ,_, and_CC punished_VBN when_WRB H12 61 he_PP3A deviates_VBZ from_IN them_PP3OS ._. ^ a_AT H12 62 very_QL powerful_JJ social_JJ sanction_NN ,_, for_IN example_NN ,_, H12 62 is_BEZ *'_*' sending_VBG to_IN H12 63 Coventry_NP **'_**' which_WDTR cuts_VBZ the_ATI deviant_NN off_RP H12 63 from_IN social_JJ communication_NN H12 64 with_IN other_AP members_NNS of_IN his_PP$ group_NN ._. ^ in_IN a_AT H12 64 society_NN like_IN our_PP$ own_AP ,_, which_WDTR is_BEZ H12 65 highly_RB differentiated_VBN along_IN lines_NNS of_IN occupation_NN H12 65 and_CC social_JJ class_NN ,_, and_CC H12 66 which_WDTR is_BEZ built_VBN up_RP of_IN a_AT multitude_NN of_IN H12 66 interlinked_JJ groupings_NNS and_CC H12 67 specialized_JJ activities_NNS ,_, it_PP3 is_BEZ not_XNOT surprising_JJ H12 67 that_CS differing_JJ standards_NNS H12 68 emerge_VB ,_, which_WDTR are_BER preserved_VBN and_CC maintained_VBN H12 68 in_IN the_ATI processes_NNS of_IN group_NN H12 69 life_NN ._. H12 70 ^ all_ABN this_DT was_BEDZ illustrated_VBN in_IN the_ATI H12 70 well-known_JJ Hawthorne_NP experiments_NNS H12 71 carried_VBN out_RP in_IN the_ATI \0U.S.A_NP ._. ^ the_ATI H12 71 investigators_NNS ,_, who_WPR watched_VBD the_ATI H12 72 behaviour_NN of_IN the_ATI workers_NNS in_IN the_ATI bank_NN wiring_NN H12 72 room_NN concluded_VBD that_CS the_ATI H12 73 workers_NNS kept_VBD output_NN at_IN a_AT steady_JJ level_NN below_IN H12 73 the_ATI limit_NN set_VBN by_IN normal_JJ H12 74 fatigue_NN ,_, not_XNOT because_CS they_PP3AS were_BED ,_, as_IN H12 74 individuals_NNS ,_, pursuing_VBG well-defined_JJ H12 75 economic_JJ interests_NNS but_CC because_CS they_PP3AS feared_VBD H12 75 that_CS to_TO behave_VB otherwise_RB H12 76 would_MD promote_VB external_JJ pressure_NN to_TO break_VB up_RP H12 76 the_ATI group_NN ._. ^ the_ATI workers_NNS H12 77 explained_VBD their_PP$ behaviour_NN ,_, it_PP3 is_BEZ true_JJ ,_, H12 77 by_IN reference_NN to_IN their_PP$ fear_NN of_IN H12 78 rate-cutting_NN ,_, or_CC working_VBG themselves_PPLS out_RP of_IN a_AT H12 78 job_NN ,_, and_RB so_RB" on_RB" ._. ^ but_CC H12 79 these_DTS explanations_NNS seemed_VBD to_IN the_ATI investigators_NNS H12 79 to_TO be_BE rationalizations_NNS H12 80 of_IN behaviour_NN which_WDTR had_HVN itself_PPL arisen_VBN from_IN H12 80 deep-rooted_JJ psychological_JJ H12 81 and_CC social_JJ needs_NNS ._. ^ there_EX is_BEZ much_AP evidence_NN H12 81 which_WDTR supports_VBZ the_ATI view_NN that_CS H12 82 workers_NNS may_MD be_BE willing_JJ to_TO forgo_VB greater_JJR cash_NN H12 82 rewards_NNS to_TO maintain_VB H12 83 pleasant_JJ social_JJ relationships_NNS and_CC other_AP H12 83 satisfactions_NNS ,_, such_IN as_IN" control_NN H12 84 over_IN the_ATI working_NN environment_NN ._. ^ if_CS this_DT is_BEZ H12 84 so_PN the_ATI attempt_NN to_TO tighten_VB H12 85 management_NN control_NN over_IN the_ATI behaviour_NN of_IN H12 85 individual_JJ workers_NNS *-_*- by_IN the_ATI H12 86 techniques_NNS which_WDTR Taylor_NP ,_, amongst_IN others_APS ,_, H12 86 advocated_VBD *-_*- may_MD well_RB be_BE felt_VBN H12 87 as_IN a_AT threat_NN to_IN the_ATI working_JJ group_NN ,_, and_CC H12 87 may_MD generate_VB sufficient_JJ H12 88 resistance_NN to_TO nullify_VB the_ATI intended_JJ effects_NNS of_IN H12 88 the_ATI techniques_NNS H12 89 themselves_PPLS ._. H12 90 ^ for_IN a_AT time_NN after_IN the_ATI classic_JJ Hawthorne_NP H12 90 studies_NNS ,_, some_DTI observers_NNS of_IN H12 91 behaviour_NN in_IN workshops_NNS were_BED so_QL concerned_JJ to_TO H12 91 stress_VB the_ATI importance_NN of_IN H12 92 social_JJ satisfaction_NN that_CS they_PP3AS tended_VBD to_TO ignore_VB H12 92 the_ATI continuing_JJ H12 93 influence_NN of_IN economic_JJ needs_NNS on_IN the_ATI behaviour_NN H12 93 of_IN workers_NNS ._. ^ recently_RB H12 94 some_DTI writers_NNS have_HV suggested_VBN that_CS a_AT worker_NN H12 94 may_MD gain_VB both_ABX social_JJ and_CC H12 95 economic_JJ satisfaction_NN ,_, because_CS controls_NNS over_IN H12 95 output_NN and_CC earnings_NNS H12 96 maintained_VBN by_IN the_ATI group_NN may_MD also_RB be_BE intended_VBN H12 96 to_TO serve_VB economic_JJ H12 97 objectives_NNS ,_, and_CC may_MD consciously_RB be_BE designed_VBN H12 97 to_TO do_DO so_PN ._. H12 98 ^ a_AT recent_JJ Manchester_NP University_NPL study_NN ,_, H12 98 supporting_VBG this_DT kind_NN of_IN H12 99 conclusion_NN ,_, was_BEDZ carried_VBN out_RP in_IN an_AT H12 99 engineering_NN workshop_NN ,_, where_WRB a_AT group_NN H12 100 of_IN workers_NNS manipulated_VBD a_AT complicated_JJ incentive_NN H12 100 scheme_NN by_IN an_AT unofficial_JJ H12 101 procedure_NN which_WDTR they_PP3AS described_VBD as_IN *'_*' H12 101 cross-booking_NN **'_**' ._. ^ the_ATI H12 102 incentive_NN scheme_NN was_BEDZ designed_VBN to_TO reward_VB H12 102 individual_JJ workers_NNS according_IN H12 103 to_IN" the_ATI proportion_NN of_IN time_NN saved_VBN on_IN *'_*' H12 103 allowed_JJ times_NNS **'_**' based_VBN on_IN H12 104 time-study_NN data_NNS ._. ^ the_ATI workers_NNS found_VBD that_CS H12 104 some_DTI of_IN these_DTS times_NNS were_BED H12 105 *'_*' loose_JJ **'_**' ,_, that_DT is_BEZ ,_, much_AP time_NN could_MD H12 105 be_BE saved_VBN and_CC bonus_NN earned_VBN ,_, H12 106 with_IN relatively_RB little_AP effort_NN ._. ^ other_AP times_NNS H12 106 were_BED *'_*' tight_JJ **'_**' ,_, H12 107 requiring_VBG much_AP effort_NN to_TO effect_VB substantial_JJ H12 107 saving_NN and_CC bonus_NN ._. ^ this_DT H12 108 group_NN had_HVD devised_VBN a_AT procedure_NN which_WDTR balanced_VBD H12 108 the_ATI effects_NNS of_IN tight_JJ and_CC H12 109 loose_JJ allowed_JJ times_NNS ._. ^ a_AT proportion_NN of_IN the_ATI H12 109 time_NN saved_VBN on_IN loose_JJ jobs_NNS was_BEDZ H12 110 not_XNOT declared_VBN by_IN the_ATI men_NNS when_WRB they_PP3AS H12 110 filled_VBD in_IN their_PP$ time_NN sheets_NNS ._. ^ the_ATI H12 111 men_NNS claimed_VBD that_CS this_DT procedure_NN had_HVD two_CD H12 111 effects_NNS :_: the_ATI existence_NN of_IN H12 112 loose_JJ times_NNS was_BEDZ concealed_VBN from_IN the_ATI management_NN H12 112 ,_, and_CC the_ATI time_NN which_WDTR they_PP3AS H12 113 had_HVD saved_VBN but_CC had_HVD not_XNOT declared_VBN ,_, could_MD H12 113 be_BE *'_*' banked_VBN **'_**' and_CC then_RN H12 114 *'_*' booked_VBN **'_**' on_RP to_IN tight_JJ jobs_NNS to_TO make_VB H12 114 them_PP3OS pay_VB ._. ^ the_ATI workers_NNS H12 115 claimed_VBD that_CS this_DT procedure_NN enabled_VBD them_PP3OS to_TO H12 115 stabilize_VB effort_NN and_CC H12 116 earnings_NNS and_CC ,_, at_IN the_ATI same_AP time_NN ,_, to_TO H12 116 protect_VB themselves_PPLS ,_, by_IN concealing_VBG H12 117 the_ATI loose_JJ rates_NNS ,_, from_IN rate-cutting_NN by_IN H12 117 management_NN ._. ^ to_TO book_VB straight_RB ,_, H12 118 they_PP3AS argued_VBD ,_, would_MD have_HV also_RB led_VBN to_IN H12 118 wide_JJ fluctuations_NNS in_IN their_PP$ H12 119 earnings_NNS since_CS the_ATI proportions_NNS of_IN tight_JJ and_CC H12 119 loose_JJ rates_NNS which_WDTR would_MD be_BE H12 120 allocated_VBN to_IN them_PP3OS in_IN any_DTI week_NN could_MD not_XNOT H12 120 be_BE accurately_RB predicted_VBN ._. H12 121 ^ to_TO check_VB the_ATI workers'_NNS$ claim_NN that_CS H12 121 cross-booking_NN stabilized_VBD H12 122 earnings_NNS ,_, an_AT investigation_NN was_BEDZ made_VBN of_IN the_ATI H12 122 wages_NNS records_NNS ._. ^ comparisons_NNS H12 123 of_IN the_ATI earnings_NNS of_IN persons_NNS who_WPR cross-booked_VBD H12 123 with_IN those_DTS of_IN the_ATI few_AP H12 124 deviants_NNS who_WPR booked_VBD straight_RB seemed_VBD to_TO support_VB H12 124 the_ATI claim_NN ,_, as_CS the_ATI graph_NN H12 125 shows_VBZ (_( see_VB \0p_NN 14_CD )_) ._. H12 126 ^ these_DTS and_CC other_AP similar_JJ studies_NNS suggest_VB H12 126 that_CS the_ATI manipulation_NN of_IN H12 127 incentive_NN schemes_NNS by_IN groups_NNS of_IN workers_NNS is_BEZ H12 127 an_AT attempt_NN to_TO put_VB into_IN H12 128 effect_NN their_PP$ ideas_NNS of_IN a_AT fair_JJ day's_NN$ work_NN ._. ^ H12 128 if_CS the_ATI ideas_NNS of_IN managers_NNS and_CC H12 129 workers_NNS differ_VB about_IN what_WDT a_AT worker_NN ought_MD to_TO H12 129 produce_VB in_IN a_AT day_NN ,_, it_PP3 is_BEZ to_TO H12 130 be_BE expected_VBN that_CS both_ABX parties_NNS will_MD try_VB to_TO H12 130 express_VB these_DTS ideas_NNS in_IN H12 131 behaviour_NN :_: management_NN by_IN procedures_NNS of_IN H12 131 administrative_JJ control_NN ,_, and_CC H12 132 workers_NNS by_IN individual_JJ or_CC by_IN group_NN action_NN ._. H12 133 ^ the_ATI question_NN as_IN to_IN" why_WRB ideas_NNS about_IN a_AT H12 133 fair_JJ day's_NN$ work_NN should_MD H12 134 differ_VB will_MD be_BE discussed_VBN in_IN a_AT later_JJR section_NN H12 134 ._. ^ but_CC the_ATI realization_NN that_CS H12 135 ideas_NNS do_DO differ_VB and_CC that_CS financial_JJ incentive_NN H12 135 schemes_NNS offer_VB scope_NN H12 136 to_IN groups_NNS of_IN workers_NNS for_IN expression_NN of_IN their_PP$ H12 136 ideas_NNS has_HVZ led_VBN to_IN the_ATI H12 137 emergence_NN of_IN other_AP methods_NNS of_IN wage_NN payment_NN H12 137 which_WDTR will_MD encourage_VB H12 138 workers_NNS to_TO aim_VB for_IN standards_NNS which_WDTR managers_NNS H12 138 regard_VB as_CS appropriate_JJ ._. H12 140 ^ group_NN bonus_NN and_CC other_AP schemes_NNS ._. H12 141 ^ it_PP3 might_MD appear_VB that_CS the_ATI use_NN of_IN group_NN H12 141 bonus_NN schemes_NNS in_IN place_NN of_IN H12 142 individual_JJ incentive_NN schemes_NNS would_MD provide_VB an_AT H12 142 answer_NN to_IN the_ATI problem_NN of_IN H12 143 the_ATI influence_NN of_IN social_JJ groups_NNS on_IN output_NN ._. ^ H12 143 such_ABL schemes_NNS seem_VB to_TO offer_VB H12 144 no_ATI threat_NN to_IN group_NN solidarity_NN and_CC social_JJ H12 144 satisfaction_NN ._. ^ they_PP3AS may_MD even_RB H12 145 enhance_VB them_PP3OS ._. ^ yet_RB ,_, at_IN the_ATI same_AP time_NN H12 145 ,_, the_ATI group_NN may_MD behave_VB as_CS an_AT H12 146 individual_NN is_BEZ supposed_VBN to_TO do_DO *-_*- \0i.e_RB to_TO H12 146 increase_VB output_NN and_CC earn_VB H12 147 as_QL much_AP as_CS possible_JJ ._. ^ there_EX is_BEZ little_AP in_IN H12 147 reason_NN or_CC experience_NN ,_, H12 148 however_RB ,_, which_WDTR lends_VBZ support_NN to_IN this_DT view_NN H12 148 ._. ^ it_PP3 is_BEZ true_JJ that_CS some_DTI H12 149 processes_NNS lend_VB themselves_PPLS easily_RB to_IN systems_NNS of_IN H12 149 group_NN payment_NN as_CS ,_, for_IN H12 150 example_NN ,_, in_IN the_ATI steel_NN industry_NN where_WRB many_AP H12 150 processes_NNS are_BER operated_VBN by_IN H12 151 crews_NNS of_IN men_NNS ._. ^ but_CC there_EX is_BEZ nothing_PN in_IN H12 151 such_ABL schemes_NNS to_TO ensure_VB that_CS H12 152 output_NN levels_NNS will_MD meet_VB management_NN expectations_NNS H12 152 if_CS the_ATI crews_NNS decide_VB H12 153 otherwise_RB ._. ^ the_ATI scope_NN for_IN control_NN still_RB H12 153 exists_VBZ ._. ^ group_NN bonus_NN schemes_NNS H12 154 may_MD or_CC may_MD not_XNOT encourage_VB a_AT sense_NN of_IN common_JJ H12 154 purpose_NN ,_, depending_VBG on_IN other_AP H12 155 circumstances_NNS ._. H12 156 ^ group_NN bonus_NN schemes_NNS pose_VB their_PP$ own_AP special_JJ H12 156 problems_NNS ._. ^ if_CS workers_NNS H12 157 perform_VB different_JJ tasks_NNS ,_, difficulties_NNS may_MD arise_VB H12 157 over_IN dividing_VBG the_ATI H12 158 group_NN earnings_NNS in_IN accordance_NN with_IN the_ATI different_JJ H12 158 contributions_NNS of_IN H12 159 individuals_NNS ._. ^ even_RB where_WRB workers_NNS perform_VB H12 159 similar_JJ tasks_NNS ,_, individual_JJ H12 160 differences_NNS in_IN skill_NN and_CC application_NN may_MD make_VB H12 160 any_DTI simple_JJ division_NN of_IN H12 161 earnings_NNS seem_VB unfair_JJ ,_, and_CC may_MD adversely_RB affect_VB H12 161 relationships_NNS within_IN H12 162 the_ATI group_NN ._. ^ instances_NNS have_HV been_BEN reported_VBN H12 162 where_WRB workers_NNS have_HV asked_VBN H12 163 managers_NNS to_TO replace_VB group_NN by_IN individual_JJ H12 163 incentives_NNS ,_, for_IN this_DT very_AP H12 164 reason_NN ._. H12 165 ^ in_IN recent_JJ years_NNS the_ATI idea_NN has_HVZ been_BEN H12 165 gaining_VBG ground_NN that_CS the_ATI kinds_NNS H12 166 of_IN financial_JJ incentive_NN scheme_NN discussed_VBN above_RI H12 166 are_BER an_AT inefficient_JJ means_NN H12 167 of_IN managerial_JJ control_NN ._. ^ since_CS they_PP3AS leave_VB H12 167 workers_NNS free_JJ to_TO make_VB H12 168 individual_JJ or_CC collective_JJ decisions_NNS about_IN the_ATI H12 168 relationships_NNS between_IN H12 169 effort_NN and_CC reward_NN ,_, they_PP3AS weaken_VB managerial_JJ H12 169 control_NN over_IN the_ATI productive_JJ H12 170 process_NN ,_, and_CC affect_VB the_ATI capacity_NN of_IN the_ATI H12 170 management_NN accurately_RB to_TO set_VB H12 171 standards_NNS and_CC to_TO plan_VB programmes_NNS of_IN work_NN ._. ^ H12 171 attention_NN has_HVZ therefore_RB H12 172 been_BEN turned_VBN to_IN the_ATI development_NN of_IN systems_NNS H12 172 of_IN payment_NN which_WDTR offer_VB a_AT H12 173 regular_JJ weekly_JJ sum_NN to_IN individuals_NNS in_IN return_NN H12 173 for_IN a_AT consistent_JJ level_NN of_IN H12 174 measured_JJ performance_NN ._. ^ in_IN such_ABL schemes_NNS payment_NN H12 174 is_BEZ not_XNOT related_VBN directly_RB H12 175 to_IN pieces_NNS produced_VBN or_CC to_IN time_NN saved_VBN ._. ^ H12 175 they_PP3AS take_VB the_ATI form_NN of_IN a_AT contract_NN H12 176 in_IN which_WDTR the_ATI individual_NN undertakes_VBZ to_TO maintain_VB H12 176 a_AT certain_JJ pace_NN of_IN work_NN H12 177 in_IN return_NN for_IN a_AT weekly_JJ wage_NN ._. ^ one_CD1 effect_NN H12 177 of_IN this_DT is_BEZ that_CS management_NN is_BEZ H12 178 better_RBR able_JJ to_TO predict_VB and_CC plan_VB ._. ^ another_DT H12 178 is_BEZ that_CS the_ATI onus_NN is_BEZ placed_VBN H12 179 on_IN managers_NNS and_CC supervisors_NNS to_TO see_VB that_CS H12 179 workers_NNS have_HV enough_DTI work_NN to_TO do_DO H12 180 to_TO fulfil_VB their_PP$ obligations_NNS under_IN the_ATI contract_NN H12 180 ._. ^ some_DTI schemes_NNS provide_VB H12 181 that_CS if_CS a_AT worker_NN shows_VBZ himself_PPL capable_JJ of_IN H12 181 reaching_VBG and_CC maintaining_VBG a_AT H12 182 higher_JJR pace_NN of_IN work_NN ,_, he_PP3A can_MD be_BE given_VBN H12 182 a_AT higher_JJR weekly_JJ wage_NN ._. ^ so_RB there_EX H12 183 is_BEZ still_RB an_AT incentive_NN to_TO increase_VB output_NN ._. H12 184 ^ schemes_NNS such_IN as_IN" this_DT ,_, like_IN individual_JJ H12 184 and_CC group_NN piece-work_NN or_CC H12 185 bonus_NN schemes_NNS ,_, raise_VB practical_JJ problems_NNS of_IN H12 185 setting_VBG rates_NNS or_CC measuring_NN H12 186 standards_NNS of_IN performance_NN ,_, \0i.e_RB the_ATI translation_NN H12 186 of_IN ideas_NNS of_IN a_AT H12 187 proper_JJ day's_NN$ work_NN into_IN terms_NNS of_IN physical_JJ H12 187 output_NN or_CC effort_NN ._. ^ it_PP3 will_MD be_BE H12 188 argued_VBN here_RN that_CS procedures_NNS for_IN setting_VBG rates_NNS H12 188 ,_, however_WRB refined_VBN ,_, do_DO not_XNOT H12 189 by_IN themselves_PPLS solve_VB any_DTI of_IN the_ATI problems_NNS H12 189 raised_VBN by_IN the_ATI existence_NN of_IN H12 190 differing_JJ notions_NNS of_IN a_AT proper_JJ day's_NN$ work_NN ._. ^ H12 190 but_CC it_PP3 is_BEZ necessary_JJ in_IN any_DTI H12 191 discussion_NN of_IN financial_JJ incentive_NN schemes_NNS to_TO H12 191 describe_VB and_CC evaluate_VB H12 192 these_DTS procedures_NNS ._. H12 193 ^ the_ATI problem_NN of_IN rate_NN setting_NN ._. H12 194 ^ before_CS the_ATI stop-watch_NN was_BEDZ widely_RB introduced_VBN H12 194 for_IN timing_VBG H12 195 industrial_JJ work_NN ,_, piece-work_NN schemes_NNS were_BED usually_RB H12 195 based_VBN on_IN times_NNS H12 196 estimated_VBN by_IN supervisors_NNS ,_, who_WPR relied_VBD on_IN H12 196 personal_JJ judgement_NN based_VBN on_IN H12 197 past_JJB experience_NN ._. ^ this_DT method_NN ,_, sometimes_RB H12 197 referred_VBN to_IN as_IN H12 198 *'_*' guesstimating_NN **'_**' ,_, is_BEZ still_RB employed_VBN ._. H13 2 (_( 2_CD )_) ._. ^ the_ATI provisions_NNS of_IN the_ATI said_JJ H13 2 acts_NNS with_IN respect_NN to_IN lands_NNS and_CC H13 3 feu_NN duties_NNS or_CC ground_NN annuals_NNS so_QL far_RB as_CS H13 3 such_ABL provisions_NNS are_BER applicable_JJ H13 4 shall_MD extend_VB and_CC apply_VB to_IN any_DTI such_ABL grant_NN H13 4 and_CC to_IN any_DTI such_ABL servitude_NN H13 5 right_NN or_CC privilege_NN as_CS aforesaid_VBN ._. H13 7 ^ 15_CD ._. *-_*- (_( 1_CD1 )_) ._. ^ the_ATI County_NPL council_NN H13 7 may_MD *-_*- H13 8 (_( a_ZZ )_) retain_VB and_CC hold_VB and_CC use_VB for_IN such_ABL H13 8 time_NN as_CS they_PP3AS think_VB fit_JJ any_DTI H13 9 land_NN or_CC interest_NN in_IN land_NN vested_VBN in_IN them_PP3OS H13 9 as_IN part_NN of_IN the_ATI harbour_NN H13 10 undertaking_NN ;_; H13 11 (_( b_ZZ )_) sell_VB feu_NN lease_NN excamb_NN or_CC otherwise_RB H13 11 dispose_VB of_IN any_DTI such_ABL land_NN or_CC H13 12 interest_NN no_RB longer_RBR required_VBN for_IN the_ATI purpose_NN H13 12 of_IN the_ATI harbour_NN undertaking_NN H13 13 in_IN such_ABL manner_NN and_CC for_IN such_ABL consideration_NN and_CC H13 13 on_IN such_ABL terms_NNS and_CC H13 14 conditions_NNS as_CS they_PP3AS think_VB fit_JJ (_( whether_CS in_IN H13 14 consideration_NN of_IN the_ATI H13 15 execution_NN of_IN works_NNS or_CC of_IN the_ATI payment_NN of_IN a_AT H13 15 gross_JJ sum_NN or_CC of_IN an_AT annual_JJ H13 16 feu_NN duty_NN or_CC rent_NN or_CC of_IN payment_NN in_IN any_DTI H13 16 other_AP form_NN )_) ;_; H13 17 (_( c_ZZ )_) sell_VB excamb_NN or_CC dispose_VB of_IN any_DTI feu_NN H13 17 duties_NNS created_VBN or_CC rents_NNS H13 18 reserved_VBN on_IN the_ATI sale_NN feu_NN lease_NN excambion_NN or_CC H13 18 other_AP disposition_NN of_IN any_DTI H13 19 such_ABL land_NN or_CC interest_NN ;_; H13 20 (_( d_ZZ )_) make_VB do_DO and_CC execute_VB any_DTI deed_NN act_NN H13 20 or_CC thing_NN proper_JJ for_IN H13 21 effectuating_VBG any_DTI such_ABL sale_NN feu_NN lease_NN excambion_NN H13 21 or_CC other_AP disposition_NN ;_; H13 22 (_( e_ZZ )_) on_IN any_DTI such_ABL excambion_NN pay_VB or_CC H13 22 receive_VB money_NN for_IN equality_NN of_IN H13 23 exchange_NN :_: H13 25 provided_CS that_CS" the_ATI County_NPL council_NN shall_MD not_XNOT H13 25 without_IN the_ATI consent_NN of_IN H13 26 the_ATI Secretary_NPT of_IN state_NN sell_VB feu_NN lease_NN excamb_NN H13 26 or_CC otherwise_RB dispose_VB of_IN H13 27 any_DTI such_ABL land_NN or_CC interest_NN therein_RB except_CS at_IN H13 27 the_ATI best_JJT price_NN or_CC upon_IN the_ATI H13 28 best_JJT terms_NNS which_WDTR can_MD be_BE obtained_VBN for_IN such_ABL H13 28 land_NN or_CC interest_NN but_CC a_AT H13 29 purchaser_NN feuar_NN or_CC lessee_NN shall_MD not_XNOT be_BE H13 29 concerned_VBN to_TO enquire_VB whether_CS H13 30 the_ATI consent_NN of_IN the_ATI Secretary_NPT of_IN state_NN is_BEZ H13 30 necessary_JJ or_CC has_HVZ been_BEN H13 31 obtained_VBN ._. H13 32 ^ (_( 2_CD )_) ._. ^ nothing_PN in_IN this_DT section_NN shall_MD H13 32 release_VB the_ATI County_NPL council_NN or_CC H13 33 any_DTI persons_NNS purchasing_VBG or_CC acquiring_VBG any_DTI land_NN H13 33 or_CC interest_NN in_IN land_NN from_IN H13 34 them_PP3OS under_IN this_DT section_NN from_IN any_DTI feu_NN H13 34 duties_NNS ground_NN annuals_NNS rents_NNS H13 35 obligations_NNS restrictions_NNS reservations_NNS terms_NNS or_CC H13 35 conditions_NNS made_VBN payable_JJ H13 36 by_IN or_CC contained_VBN in_IN any_DTI conveyance_NN lease_NN or_CC H13 36 other_AP deed_NN or_CC instrument_NN by_IN H13 37 which_WDTR the_ATI land_NN or_CC interest_NN has_HVZ been_BEN H13 37 conveyed_VBN feued_VBN or_CC leased_VBN to_IN or_CC H13 38 otherwise_RB acquired_VBN by_IN the_ATI County_NPL council_NN or_CC H13 38 any_DTI persons_NNS from_IN or_CC H13 39 through_IN whom_WPOR the_ATI County_NPL council_NN have_HV derived_VBN H13 39 title_NN to_IN such_ABL land_NN or_CC H13 40 interest_NN ._. H13 41 ^ part_NN 4_CD ._. H13 42 ^ limits_NNS ._. H13 43 ^ 16_CD ._. *-_*- (_( 1_CD1 )_) ._. ^ the_ATI limits_NNS within_IN H13 43 which_WDTR the_ATI County_NPL council_NN shall_MD have_HV H13 44 authority_NN and_CC within_IN which_WDTR the_ATI powers_NNS of_IN H13 44 the_ATI harbour_NN master_NN may_MD be_BE H13 45 exercised_VBN with_IN respect_NN to_IN the_ATI harbour_NN H13 45 undertaking_NN shall_MD comprise_VB the_ATI H13 46 lands_NNS forming_VBG part_NN of_IN the_ATI harbour_NN undertaking_NN H13 46 and_CC the_ATI following_JJ area_NN H13 47 below_IN high-water_JJB mark_NN that_DT is_BEZ to_TO say_VB an_AT H13 47 area_NN lying_VBG within_IN a_AT limit_NN H13 48 commencing_VBG at_IN a_AT point_NN on_IN the_ATI foreshore_NN at_IN H13 48 high-water_JJB mark_NN on_IN the_ATI west_NR H13 49 shore_NN of_IN Symbister_NP Bay_NPL one_CD1 hundred_CD and_CC forty_CD H13 49 feet_NNS from_IN the_ATI root_NN of_IN the_ATI H13 50 proposed_JJ breakwater_NN (_( work_NN \0no_NN 2_CD )_) on_IN true_JJ H13 50 bearing_NN two_CD hundred_CD and_CC H13 51 eighty_CD degrees_NNS thence_RB proceeding_VBG in_IN a_AT straight_JJ H13 51 line_NN across_IN Symbister_NP H13 52 Bay_NPL or_CC the_ATI sea_NN and_CC foreshore_NN of_IN the_ATI same_AP H13 52 on_IN true_JJ bearing_NN fifty-four_CD H13 53 degrees_NNS for_IN a_AT distance_NN of_IN one_CD1 thousand_CD three_CD H13 53 hundred_CD and_CC thirty_CD feet_NNS H13 54 or_CC thereby_RB to_IN a_AT point_NN on_IN the_ATI foreshore_NN at_IN H13 54 high-water_JJB mark_NN on_IN the_ATI east_NR H13 55 shore_NN of_IN Symbister_NP Bay_NPL thence_RB proceeding_VBG in_IN a_AT H13 55 southerly_JJ direction_NN H13 56 along_IN high-water_JJB mark_NN on_IN the_ATI east_NR shore_NN of_IN H13 56 Symbister_NP Bay_NPL passing_VBG the_ATI H13 57 tidal_JJ basin_NN on_IN the_ATI east_NR side_NN of_IN the_ATI bay_NN H13 57 and_CC thence_RB generally_RB H13 58 south-westward_RB again_RB along_IN high-water_JJB mark_NN on_IN H13 58 the_ATI south_NR shore_NN of_IN H13 59 Symbister_NP Bay_NPL to_IN the_ATI root_NN of_IN the_ATI south_NR H13 59 pier_NN of_IN the_ATI existing_JJ small_JJ boat_NN H13 60 harbour_NN thence_RB following_VBG the_ATI line_NN of_IN the_ATI H13 60 piers_NNS and_CC quays_NNS forming_VBG the_ATI H13 61 existing_JJ small_JJ boat_NN harbour_NN and_CC the_ATI proposed_JJ H13 61 new_JJ harbour_NN works_NNS to_IN the_ATI H13 62 root_NN of_IN the_ATI proposed_JJ breakwater_NN and_CC thence_RB H13 62 along_IN high-water_JJB mark_NN on_IN H13 63 the_ATI west_NR shore_NN of_IN Symbister_NP Bay_NPL to_IN the_ATI H13 63 point_NN of_IN commencement_NN which_WDTR H13 64 limits_NNS are_BER in_IN this_DT order_NN termed_VBN *'_*' the_ATI H13 64 harbour_NN limits_NNS **'_**' ._. H13 65 ^ (_( 2_CD )_) ._. ^ the_ATI limits_NNS within_IN which_WDTR the_ATI H13 65 powers_NNS of_IN the_ATI County_NPL council_NN to_TO H13 66 levy_VB rates_NNS with_IN respect_NN to_IN the_ATI harbour_NN H13 66 undertaking_NN may_MD be_BE exercised_VBN H13 67 shall_MD comprise_VB the_ATI harbour_NN limits_NNS and_CC such_ABL H13 67 limits_NNS shall_MD be_BE construed_VBN H13 68 as_CS being_BEG included_VBN in_IN the_ATI parish_NN of_IN Nesting_NP H13 68 Lunnasting_NP Whalsay_NP and_CC H13 69 Skerries_NP and_CC wholly_RB within_IN the_ATI county_NN for_IN all_ABN H13 69 purposes_NNS ._. H13 70 ^ (_( 3_CD )_) ._. ^ a_AT map_NN or_CC plan_NN showing_VBG the_ATI H13 70 harbour_NN limits_NNS of_IN which_WDTR four_CD copies_NNS H13 71 have_HV been_BEN signed_VBN by_IN Colin_NP Neil_NP Fraser_NP \0Q.C_NPT H13 71 Counsel_NPT to_IN the_ATI H13 72 Secretary_NPT of_IN state_NN under_IN the_ATI private_JJ legislation_NN H13 72 procedure_NN (_( Scotland_NP )_) H13 73 act_NN 1936_CD shall_MD within_IN one_CD1 month_NN after_IN the_ATI H13 73 commencement_NN of_IN the_ATI order_NN be_BE H13 74 deposited_VBN as_CS follows_VBZ that_DT is_BEZ to_TO say_VB two_CD H13 74 copies_NNS at_IN the_ATI office_NN of_IN the_ATI H13 75 Minister_NPT one_CD1 copy_NN with_IN the_ATI sheriff_NN clerk_NN of_IN H13 75 the_ATI county_NN at_IN his_PP$ office_NN H13 76 and_CC one_CD1 copy_NN at_IN the_ATI office_NN of_IN the_ATI county_NN H13 76 clerk_NN of_IN the_ATI county_NN ._. H13 77 ^ (_( 4_CD )_) ._. ^ in_IN case_NN of_IN any_DTI discrepancy_NN H13 77 between_IN the_ATI limits_NNS delineated_VBN in_IN H13 78 the_ATI said_JJ map_NN or_CC plan_NN and_CC the_ATI limits_NNS H13 78 described_VBN in_IN subsection_NN (_( 1_CD1 )_) of_IN H13 79 this_DT section_NN the_ATI said_JJ map_NN or_CC plan_NN shall_MD be_BE H13 79 deemed_VBN to_TO be_BE correct_JJ and_CC H13 80 shall_MD prevail_VB ._. H13 81 ^ part_NN 5_CD ._. H13 82 ^ works_NNS and_CC powers_NNS ._. H13 83 ^ 17_CD ._. ^ subject_JJ to_IN the_ATI provisions_NNS of_IN this_DT H13 83 order_NN and_CC also_RB subject_JJ to_IN H13 84 such_ABL alterations_NNS (_( if_CS any_DTI )_) in_IN the_ATI plans_NNS H13 84 and_CC sections_NNS deposited_VBN with_IN H13 85 reference_NN to_IN this_DT order_NN as_CS the_ATI Minister_NPT may_MD H13 85 require_VB before_IN completion_NN H13 86 of_IN the_ATI works_NNS the_ATI County_NPL council_NN may_MD on_IN H13 86 the_ATI lands_NNS belonging_VBG to_IN them_PP3OS or_CC H13 87 acquired_VBN under_IN this_DT order_NN and_CC in_IN the_ATI lines_NNS H13 87 and_CC according_IN to_IN" the_ATI levels_NNS H13 88 and_CC within_IN the_ATI limits_NNS of_IN deviation_NN shown_VBN on_IN H13 88 the_ATI deposited_JJ plans_NNS and_CC H13 89 sections_NNS make_VB and_CC maintain_VB the_ATI works_NNS ._. H13 90 ^ 18_CD ._. ^ the_ATI works_NNS authorised_VBN by_IN this_DT H13 90 order_NN will_MD be_BE situated_VBN in_IN the_ATI H13 91 parish_NN of_IN Nesting_NP Lunnasting_NP Whalsay_NP and_CC Skerries_NP H13 91 and_CC county_NN of_IN H13 92 Zetland_NP and_CC on_IN the_ATI foreshore_NN and_CC bed_NN of_IN H13 92 the_ATI sea_NN adjacent_JJ thereto_RB and_CC H13 93 are_BER *-_*- H13 95 work_NN \0no_NN 1_CD1 the_ATI construction_NN of_IN an_AT access_NN H13 95 roadway_NN thirty_CD feet_NNS H13 96 wide_JJ commencing_VBG at_IN a_AT point_NN one_CD1 hundred_CD and_CC H13 96 twenty_CD feet_NNS or_CC thereabouts_RB H13 97 north-west_NR of_IN the_ATI root_NN of_IN the_ATI existing_JJ pier_NN H13 97 and_CC extending_VBG in_IN a_AT H13 98 northerly_JJ direction_NN for_IN a_AT distance_NN of_IN one_CD1 H13 98 hundred_CD and_CC twenty_CD feet_NNS or_CC H13 99 thereabouts_RB from_IN the_ATI point_NN of_IN commencement_NN ;_; H13 100 work_NN \0no_NN 2_CD a_AT reclamation_NN of_IN the_ATI foreshore_NN H13 100 the_ATI construction_NN of_IN a_AT H13 101 quay_NN and_CC the_ATI infilling_NN levelling_NN and_CC surfacing_NN H13 101 of_IN the_ATI deck_NN thereof_RB as_IN H13 102 a_AT solid_JJ structure_NN commencing_VBG at_IN a_AT point_NN on_IN H13 102 the_ATI foreshore_NN approximately_RB H13 103 two_CD hundred_CD feet_NNS north-west_NR of_IN the_ATI root_NN of_IN H13 103 the_ATI existing_JJ pier_NN and_CC H13 104 extending_VBG seawards_RB in_IN a_AT north-easterly_JJ direction_NN H13 104 for_IN a_AT distance_NN of_IN one_CD1 H13 105 hundred_CD and_CC sixty_CD feet_NNS or_CC thereabouts_RB thence_RB H13 105 in_IN a_AT north-westerly_JJ H13 106 direction_NN for_IN a_AT distance_NN of_IN two_CD hundred_CD and_CC H13 106 fifty_CD feet_NNS or_CC thereabouts_RB H13 107 thence_RB in_IN a_AT south-westerly_JJ direction_NN for_IN a_AT H13 107 distance_NN of_IN two_CD hundred_CD and_CC H13 108 ten_CD feet_NNS or_CC thereabouts_RB and_CC thence_RB in_IN a_AT H13 108 south-easterly_JJ direction_NN for_IN a_AT H13 109 distance_NN of_IN two_CD hundred_CD and_CC forty_CD feet_NNS or_CC H13 109 thereabouts_RB and_CC comprising_VBG H13 110 an_AT area_NN of_IN five_CD thousand_CD seven_CD hundred_CD and_CC H13 110 thirty-one_CD square_JJ yards_NNS ;_; H13 111 work_NN \0no_NN 3_CD the_ATI construction_NN of_IN a_AT H13 111 breakwater_NN as_IN a_AT solid_JJ structure_NN H13 112 commencing_VBG at_IN a_AT point_NN on_IN the_ATI foreshore_NN four_CD H13 112 hundred_CD and_CC ninety_CD feet_NNS or_CC H13 113 thereabouts_RB north-west_NR of_IN the_ATI root_NN of_IN the_ATI H13 113 existing_JJ pier_NN and_CC extending_VBG H13 114 in_IN a_AT north-easterly_JJ direction_NN for_IN a_AT distance_NN of_IN H13 114 four_CD hundred_CD and_CC ten_CD H13 115 feet_NNS or_CC thereabouts_RB from_IN the_ATI point_NN of_IN H13 115 commencement_NN ;_; H13 116 work_NN \0no_NN 4_CD the_ATI construction_NN of_IN a_AT pier_NN H13 116 as_IN an_AT open_JJ work_NN structure_NN H13 117 with_IN a_AT wave_NN screen_NN along_IN the_ATI seaward_JJB face_NN H13 117 commencing_VBG at_IN the_ATI H13 118 termination_NN of_IN work_NN \0no_NN 3_CD and_CC extending_VBG in_IN H13 118 an_AT easterly_JJ direction_NN for_IN H13 119 a_AT distance_NN of_IN two_CD hundred_CD feet_NNS or_CC thereabouts_RB H13 119 from_IN the_ATI point_NN of_IN H13 120 commencement_NN ._. H13 122 ^ 19_CD ._. ^ subject_JJ to_IN the_ATI provisions_NNS of_IN this_DT H13 122 order_NN in_IN constructing_VBG the_ATI H13 123 works_NNS the_ATI County_NPL council_NN may_MD deviate_VB laterally_RB H13 123 from_IN the_ATI lines_NNS thereof_RB H13 124 as_CS shown_VBN on_IN the_ATI deposited_JJ plans_NNS to_IN any_DTI H13 124 extent_NN not_XNOT exceeding_VBG the_ATI limits_NNS H13 125 of_IN deviation_NN marked_VBN thereon_RB and_CC may_MD deviate_VB H13 125 vertically_RB from_IN the_ATI levels_NNS H13 126 of_IN the_ATI works_NNS shown_VBN on_IN the_ATI deposited_JJ H13 126 sections_NNS to_IN any_DTI extent_NN not_XNOT H13 127 exceeding_VBG five_CD feet_NNS upwards_RB and_CC to_IN any_DTI H13 127 extent_NN downwards_RB :_: H13 128 provided_CS that_CS" deviation_NN either_DTX lateral_JJ or_CC H13 128 vertical_JJ below_IN H13 129 high-water_JJB mark_NN shall_MD not_XNOT be_BE made_VBN without_IN H13 129 the_ATI consent_NN in_IN writing_NN of_IN H13 130 the_ATI Minister_NPT ._. H13 131 ^ 20_CD ._. ^ subject_JJ to_IN the_ATI provisions_NNS of_IN this_DT H13 131 order_NN the_ATI County_NPL council_NN H13 132 may_MD from_IN time_NN to_IN time_NN erect_VB construct_VB and_CC H13 132 maintain_VB whether_CS temporarily_RB H13 133 or_CC permanently_RB all_ABN such_ABL necessary_JJ works_NNS and_CC H13 133 conveniences_NNS as_CS may_MD be_BE H13 134 requisite_JJ or_CC expedient_JJ for_IN the_ATI purposes_NNS of_IN or_CC H13 134 in_IN connection_NN with_IN the_ATI H13 135 construction_NN maintenance_NN and_CC use_NN of_IN the_ATI works_NNS H13 135 ._. H13 136 ^ 21_CD ._. *-_*- (_( 1_CD1 )_) ._. ^ subject_JJ to_IN the_ATI H13 136 provisions_NNS of_IN this_DT order_NN the_ATI County_NPL H13 137 council_NN may_MD within_IN the_ATI harbour_NN limits_NNS rebuild_VB H13 137 maintain_VB repair_VB renew_VB H13 138 widen_VB alter_VB improve_VB restore_VB reconstruct_VB and_CC extend_VB H13 138 the_ATI harbour_NN H13 139 undertaking_NN and_CC may_MD from_IN time_NN to_IN time_NN erect_VB H13 139 construct_VB and_CC maintain_VB H13 140 whether_CS temporarily_RB or_CC permanently_RB all_ABN necessary_JJ H13 140 ancillary_JJ works_NNS H13 141 apparatus_NN and_CC conveniences_NNS and_CC may_MD also_RB from_IN H13 141 time_NN to_IN time_NN lay_VB down_RP and_CC H13 142 maintain_VB rails_NNS tramways_NNS and_CC turntables_NNS ._. H13 143 ^ (_( 2_CD )_) ._. ^ a_AT line_NN of_IN rails_NNS or_CC tramway_NN H13 143 constructed_VBN under_IN the_ATI powers_NNS of_IN H13 144 this_DT order_NN shall_MD not_XNOT be_BE used_VBN for_IN the_ATI H13 144 public_JJ conveyance_NN of_IN passengers_NNS H13 145 unless_CS it_PP3 has_HVZ been_BEN certified_VBN by_IN the_ATI H13 145 Minister_NPT to_TO be_BE fit_JJ for_IN that_DT H13 146 purpose_NN ._. H13 147 ^ (_( 3_CD )_) ._. ^ any_DTI electric_JJ light_NN and_CC power_NN H13 147 or_CC other_AP apparatus_NN constructed_VBN H13 148 and_CC maintained_VBN under_IN this_DT order_NN shall_MD be_BE so_RB H13 148 constructed_VBN used_VBN and_CC H13 149 maintained_VBD as_CS to_TO prevent_VB any_DTI interference_NN with_IN H13 149 any_DTI telegraphic_JJ line_NN H13 150 (_( as_CS defined_VBN by_IN the_ATI telegraph_NN act_NN 1878_CD )_) H13 150 belonging_VBG to_IN or_CC used_VBN by_IN the_ATI H13 151 Postmaster-General_NPT or_CC with_IN telegraphic_JJ communication_NN H13 151 by_IN means_IN" of_IN" any_DTI H13 152 such_ABL line_NN ._. H13 153 ^ 22_CD ._. ^ any_DTI person_NN who_WPR wilfully_RB obstructs_VBZ H13 153 any_DTI person_NN acting_NN under_IN the_ATI H13 154 authority_NN of_IN the_ATI County_NPL council_NN in_IN setting_VBG H13 154 out_RP the_ATI lines_NNS of_IN the_ATI works_NNS H13 155 or_CC who_WPR pulls_VBZ up_RP or_CC removes_VBZ any_DTI poles_NNS or_CC H13 155 stakes_NNS driven_VBN into_IN the_ATI ground_NN H13 156 for_IN the_ATI purpose_NN of_IN such_ABL setting_NN out_RP shall_MD H13 156 be_BE guilty_JJ of_IN an_AT offence_NN and_CC H13 157 shall_MD be_BE liable_JJ on_IN summary_JJ conviction_NN to_IN a_AT H13 157 fine_NN not_XNOT exceeding_VBG ten_CD H13 158 pounds_NNS and_CC shall_MD in_IN addition_NN be_BE liable_JJ to_TO H13 158 repay_VB to_IN the_ATI County_NPL council_NN H13 159 any_DTI expenses_NNS incurred_VBN by_IN them_PP3OS in_IN making_VBG H13 159 good_JJ such_ABL damage_NN ._. H13 160 ^ 23_CD ._. *-_*- (_( 1_CD1 )_) ._. ^ if_CS the_ATI works_NNS H13 160 are_BER not_XNOT substantially_RB commenced_VBN within_IN two_CD H13 161 years_NNS from_IN the_ATI commencement_NN of_IN this_DT order_NN or_CC H13 161 such_ABL extended_JJ time_NN as_CS the_ATI H13 162 Secretary_NPT of_IN state_NN may_MD in_IN the_ATI circumstances_NNS H13 162 by_IN order_NN direct_VB the_ATI said_JJ H13 163 powers_NNS shall_MD cease_VB ._. H13 164 ^ (_( 2_CD )_) ._. ^ if_CS the_ATI execution_NN of_IN the_ATI H13 164 works_NNS after_IN having_HVG been_BEN substantially_RB H13 165 commenced_VBN is_BEZ virtually_RB suspended_VBN for_IN twelve_CD H13 165 consecutive_JJ months_NNS the_ATI H13 166 said_JJ powers_NNS shall_MD cease_VB except_CS as_IN to_IN" so_QL H13 166 much_AP of_IN the_ATI works_NNS as_CS is_BEZ then_RN H13 167 completed_VBN unless_CS the_ATI Secretary_NPT of_IN state_NN by_IN H13 167 order_NN directs_VBZ that_CS the_ATI said_JJ H13 168 powers_NNS continue_VB and_CC remain_VB in_IN force_NN but_CC H13 168 subject_JJ to_IN the_ATI foregoing_JJ H13 169 provision_NN as_IN to_IN" completion_NN the_ATI said_JJ powers_NNS H13 169 shall_MD cease_VB in_IN any_DTI event_NN H13 170 within_IN five_CD years_NNS from_IN the_ATI commencement_NN of_IN H13 170 this_DT order_NN ._. H13 171 ^ (_( 3_CD )_) ._. ^ a_AT certificate_NN of_IN the_ATI Secretary_NPT H13 171 of_IN state_NN to_IN the_ATI effect_NN that_CS H13 172 the_ATI works_NNS have_HV not_XNOT been_BEN substantially_RB H13 172 commenced_VBN or_CC that_CS they_PP3AS have_HV been_BEN H13 173 virtually_RB suspended_VBN for_IN twelve_CD consecutive_JJ months_NNS H13 173 shall_MD for_IN the_ATI H13 174 purposes_NNS of_IN this_DT section_NN be_BE conclusive_JJ evidence_NN H13 174 of_IN the_ATI facts_NNS stated_VBN in_IN H13 175 such_ABL certificate_NN ._. H13 176 ^ 24_CD ._. *-_*- (_( 1_CD1 )_) ._. ^ the_ATI County_NPL council_NN H13 176 shall_MD not_XNOT under_IN the_ATI powers_NNS of_IN this_DT H13 177 order_NN construct_VB renew_VB extend_VB or_CC alter_VB any_DTI H13 177 works_NNS on_IN in_IN under_IN or_CC over_IN H13 178 tidal_JJ waters_NNS or_CC tidal_JJ lands_NNS below_IN high-water_JJB H13 178 mark_NN except_CS in_IN accordance_NN H13 179 with_IN plans_NNS and_CC sections_NNS approved_VBN by_IN the_ATI H13 179 Minister_NPT and_CC subject_JJ to_IN such_ABL H13 180 restrictions_NNS and_CC regulations_NNS as_CS the_ATI Minister_NPT H13 180 may_MD prescribe_VB before_CS such_ABL H13 181 work_NN is_BEZ begun_VBN ._. H13 182 ^ (_( 2_CD )_) ._. ^ if_CS any_DTI such_ABL work_NN is_BEZ H13 182 commenced_VBN or_CC completed_VBN contrary_JJ to_IN the_ATI H13 183 provisions_NNS of_IN this_DT section_NN the_ATI Minister_NPT may_MD H13 183 abate_VB and_CC remove_VB the_ATI same_AP H13 184 and_CC restore_VB the_ATI site_NN thereof_RB to_IN its_PP$ former_AP H13 184 condition_NN at_IN the_ATI cost_NN of_IN H13 185 the_ATI County_NPL council_NN and_CC the_ATI amount_NN of_IN such_ABL H13 185 cost_NN shall_MD be_BE a_AT debt_NN due_JJ H13 186 from_IN the_ATI County_NPL council_NN to_IN the_ATI crown_NN and_CC H13 186 shall_MD be_BE recoverable_JJ H13 187 accordingly_RB ._. H13 188 ^ 25_CD ._. ^ if_CS at_IN any_DTI time_NN the_ATI Minister_NPT H13 188 deems_VBZ it_PP3 expedient_JJ to_TO order_VB a_AT H13 189 survey_NN and_CC examination_NN of_IN any_DTI work_NN constructed_VBN H13 189 by_IN the_ATI County_NPL council_NN H13 190 under_IN the_ATI powers_NNS of_IN this_DT order_NN on_IN in_IN under_IN H13 190 or_CC over_IN tidal_JJ waters_NNS or_CC H13 191 tidal_JJ lands_NNS below_IN high-water_JJB mark_NN or_CC of_IN the_ATI H13 191 site_NN upon_IN which_WDTR it_PP3 is_BEZ H13 192 proposed_VBN to_TO construct_VB any_DTI such_ABL work_NN the_ATI H13 192 County_NPL council_NN shall_MD defray_VB H13 193 the_ATI expense_NN of_IN the_ATI survey_NN and_CC examination_NN and_CC H13 193 the_ATI amount_NN thereof_RB shall_MD H13 194 be_BE a_AT debt_NN due_JJ from_IN the_ATI County_NPL council_NN to_IN H13 194 the_ATI crown_NN and_CC shall_MD be_BE H13 195 recoverable_JJ accordingly_RB ._. H13 196 ^ 26_CD ._. *-_*- (_( 1_CD1 )_) ._. ^ where_WRB any_DTI work_NN H13 196 constructed_VBN by_IN the_ATI County_NPL council_NN under_IN H13 197 the_ATI powers_NNS of_IN this_DT order_NN wholly_RB or_CC partially_RB H13 197 on_IN in_IN under_IN or_CC over_IN tidal_JJ H13 198 waters_NNS or_CC tidal_JJ lands_NNS below_IN high-water_JJB mark_NN H13 198 is_BEZ abandoned_VBN or_CC suffered_VBN H13 199 to_TO fall_VB into_IN decay_NN the_ATI Minister_NPT may_MD by_IN H13 199 notice_NN in_IN writing_NN either_DTX H13 200 require_VB the_ATI County_NPL council_NN at_IN their_PP$ own_AP H13 200 expense_NN to_TO repair_VB and_CC restore_VB H13 201 such_ABL part_NN of_IN such_ABL work_NN as_CS is_BEZ situated_VBN H13 201 below_IN high-water_JJB mark_NN or_CC any_DTI H13 202 portion_NN thereof_RB or_CC require_VB them_PP3OS to_TO abate_VB or_CC H13 202 remove_VB the_ATI same_AP and_CC H13 203 restore_VB the_ATI site_NN thereof_RB to_IN its_PP$ former_AP H13 203 condition_NN to_IN such_ABL an_AT extent_NN and_CC H13 204 within_IN such_ABL limits_NNS as_CS the_ATI Minister_NPT may_MD H13 204 think_VB proper_JJ ._. H14 2 agreement_NN between_IN the_ATI government_NN of_IN the_ATI United_NP H14 2 Kingdom_NPL and_CC the_ATI H14 3 government_NN of_IN Denmark_NP relating_VBG to_IN trade_NN and_CC H14 3 commerce_NN ._. H14 4 ^ the_ATI government_NN of_IN the_ATI United_NP Kingdom_NPL of_IN H14 4 Great_NP Britain_NP and_CC H14 5 Northern_NP Ireland_NP and_CC the_ATI government_NN of_IN the_ATI H14 5 kingdom_NN of_IN Denmark_NP ;_; H14 6 desiring_VBG to_TO make_VB provision_NN for_IN continuing_VBG in_IN H14 6 force_NN with_IN certain_JJ H14 7 modifications_NNS ,_, primarily_RB caused_VBN by_IN the_ATI decision_NN H14 7 of_IN the_ATI United_NP Kingdom_NPL H14 8 to_TO apply_VB as_IN from_IN" 1st_OD October_NR ,_, 1956_CD ,_, a_AT H14 8 tariff_NN of_IN 10_CD per_NNU \0cent_NNU" ad_&FW H14 9 valorem_&FW on_IN imports_NNS of_IN bacon_NN from_IN foreign_JJ H14 9 countries_NNS ,_, the_ATI commercial_JJ H14 10 agreement_NN of_IN 24th_OD April_NR ,_, 1933_CD ;_; H14 11 have_HV agreed_VBN as_CS follows_VBZ :_: *-_*- H14 12 ^ article_NN 1_CD1 ._. H14 13 ^ the_ATI commercial_JJ agreement_NN of_IN 24th_OD April_NR ,_, H14 13 1933_CD ,_, (_( hereinafter_RB H14 14 referred_VBN to_IN as_IN *'_*' the_ATI commercial_JJ agreement_NN H14 14 **'_**' )_) as_CS modified_VBN by_IN the_ATI H14 15 present_JJ agreement_NN shall_MD continue_VB in_IN force_NN during_IN H14 15 the_ATI currency_NN of_IN the_ATI H14 16 present_JJ agreement_NN ._. H14 17 ^ article_NN 2_CD ._. H14 18 ^ the_ATI commercial_JJ agreement_NN is_BEZ amended_VBN as_CS H14 18 follows_VBZ :_: *-_*- H14 20 ^ (_( a_ZZ )_) ._. ^ in_IN the_ATI second_OD schedule_NN the_ATI H14 20 item_NN *'_*' bacon_NN ..._... free_JJ **'_**' is_BEZ deleted_VBN H14 21 and_CC the_ATI following_NN substituted_VBN therefor_RB :_: *-_*- H14 22 ^ *'_*' bacon_NN ..._... 10_CD %_NNU ad_&FW valorem_&FW ,_, H14 22 provided_CS that_CS" the_ATI government_NN H14 23 of_IN the_ATI United_NP Kingdom_NPL shall_MD suspend_VB such_ABL H14 23 duty_NN during_IN any_DTI period_NN in_IN H14 24 which_WDTR imports_NNS into_IN the_ATI United_NP Kingdom_NPL of_IN H14 24 bacon_NN from_IN Denmark_NP are_BER H14 25 subject_JJ to_IN quantitative_JJ restrictions_NNS ._. **'_**' H14 26 ^ (_( b_ZZ )_) ._. ^ in_IN paragraph_NN (_( 2_CD )_) of_IN H14 26 article_NN 4_CD the_ATI words_NNS *'_*' for_IN bacon_NN and_CC hams_NNS H14 26 ,_, H14 27 the_ATI Danish_JNP allocation_NN shall_MD not_XNOT be_BE less_AP H14 27 than_IN 62_CD per_NNU \0cent_NNU" of_IN the_ATI H14 28 total_JJ permitted_JJ imports_NNS from_IN foreign_JJ countries_NNS H14 28 **'_**' are_BER deleted_VBN and_CC the_ATI H14 29 following_NN substituted_VBN therefor_RB :_: *-_*- H14 30 ^ *'_*' there_EX shall_MD be_BE allocated_VBN to_IN Denmark_NP H14 30 not_XNOT less_AP than_IN the_ATI following_JJ H14 31 percentage_NN shares_NNS of_IN the_ATI total_JJ foreign_JJ quotas_NNS H14 31 for_IN bacon_NN and_CC for_IN hams_NNS ,_, H14 32 respectively_RB permitted_VBN to_TO be_BE imported_VBN into_IN the_ATI H14 32 United_NP Kingdom_NPL :_: *-_*- H14 33 ^ for_IN bacon_NN ..._... 68.95_CD per_NNU \0cent_NNU" H14 34 ._. ^ for_IN hams_NNS ..._... 0.4_CD per_NNU \0cent_NNU" H14 36 **'_**' ._. ^ article_NN 3_CD ._. H14 37 ^ the_ATI following_NN shall_MD cease_VB to_TO have_HV effect_NN H14 37 as_IN from_IN" the_ATI date_NN of_IN H14 38 entry_NN into_IN force_NN of_IN the_ATI present_JJ agreement_NN :_: H14 38 *-_*- H14 40 ^ (_( a_ZZ )_) ._. ^ the_ATI supplementary_JJ commercial_JJ H14 40 agreement_NN of_IN 21st_OD December_NR ,_, H14 41 1938_CD ,_, in_CS so_CS" far_CS" as_CS" it_PP3 has_HVZ not_XNOT H14 41 already_RB by_IN virtue_NN of_IN the_ATI commercial_JJ H14 42 agreement_NN of_IN 13th_OD August_NR ,_, 1949_CD ,_, ceased_VBN to_TO H14 42 have_HV effect_NN ._. H14 43 ^ (_( b_ZZ )_) ._. ^ the_ATI commercial_JJ agreement_NN of_IN H14 43 13th_OD August_NR ,_, 1949_CD ,_, and_CC the_ATI notes_NNS H14 44 exchanged_VBN on_IN the_ATI same_AP date_NN ._. H14 46 ^ article_NN 4_CD ._. H14 47 ^ at_IN any_DTI time_NN at_IN which_WDTR both_ABX governments_NNS H14 47 are_BER contracting_JJ parties_NNS H14 48 to_IN the_ATI general_JJ agreement_NN on_IN tariffs_NNS and_CC trade_NN H14 48 the_ATI provisions_NNS of_IN H14 49 article_NN 1_CD1 ,_, article_NN 2_CD (_( except_CS in_CS so_CS" far_CS" H14 49 as_CS" they_PP3AS relate_VB to_IN bacon_NN )_) and_CC H14 50 sub-paragraph_NN 2_CD of_IN article_NN 7_CD of_IN the_ATI commercial_JJ H14 50 agreement_NN shall_MD be_BE H14 51 inoperative_JJ ._. ^ the_ATI provisions_NNS of_IN sub-paragraph_NN 2_CD H14 51 of_IN article_NN 9_CD of_IN the_ATI H14 52 commercial_JJ agreement_NN shall_MD also_RB be_BE inoperative_JJ at_IN H14 52 any_DTI time_NN at_IN which_WDTR H14 53 both_ABX governments_NNS are_BER contracting_JJ parties_NNS to_IN H14 53 the_ATI general_JJ agreement_NN on_IN H14 54 tariffs_NNS and_CC trade_NN and_CC the_ATI government_NN of_IN H14 54 Denmark_NP is_BEZ applying_VBG the_ATI H14 55 general_JJ agreement_NN on_IN tariffs_NNS and_CC trade_NN in_IN H14 55 respect_NN of_IN Greenland_NP ._. H14 56 ^ article_NN 5_CD ._. H14 57 ^ nothing_PN in_IN the_ATI commercial_JJ agreement_NN as_CS H14 57 modified_VBN by_IN the_ATI present_JJ H14 58 agreement_NN shall_MD *-_*- H14 60 (_( a_ZZ )_) require_VB either_DTX government_NN to_TO do_DO H14 60 anything_PN contrary_JJ to_IN any_DTI H14 61 obligations_NNS to_IN which_WDTR it_PP3 may_MD be_BE subject_JJ H14 61 under_IN the_ATI general_JJ agreement_NN on_IN H14 62 tariffs_NNS and_CC trade_NN ;_; H14 63 (_( b_ZZ )_) prevent_VB either_DTX government_NN from_IN H14 63 restricting_VBG quantities_NNS or_CC value_NN H14 64 of_IN imports_NNS into_IN its_PP$ territory_NN to_IN such_ABL an_AT H14 64 extent_NN as_CS may_MD be_BE necessary_JJ to_TO H14 65 safeguard_VB its_PP$ external_JJ financial_JJ position_NN and_CC H14 65 balance_NN of_IN payments_NNS ._. H14 67 ^ article_NN 6_CD ._. H14 68 ^ for_IN the_ATI purposes_NNS of_IN the_ATI commercial_JJ H14 68 agreement_NN as_CS modified_VBN by_IN the_ATI H14 69 present_JJ agreement_NN *-_*- H14 71 (_( a_ZZ )_) the_ATI term_NN *'_*' foreign_NC country_NC **'_**' H14 71 means_VBZ in_IN relation_NN to_IN the_ATI United_NP H14 72 Kingdom_NPL any_DTI country_NN other_AP than_IN those_DTS referred_VBN H14 72 to_IN in_IN annex_NN A_ZZ to_IN the_ATI H14 73 general_JJ agreement_NN on_IN tariffs_NNS and_CC trade_NN ;_; H14 74 (_( b_ZZ )_) the_ATI term_NN *'_*' total_NC foreign_NC quota_NC H14 74 **'_**' means_VBZ the_ATI total_JJ amount_NN of_IN H14 75 the_ATI commodity_NN in_IN question_NN comprised_VBN in_IN the_ATI H14 75 specific_JJ allocations_NNS of_IN H14 76 permitted_JJ imports_NNS which_WDTR are_BER distributed_VBN on_IN a_AT H14 76 percentage_NN basis_NN among_IN H14 77 specified_JJ foreign_JJ countries_NNS and_CC does_DOZ not_XNOT H14 77 include_VB imports_NNS which_WDTR may_MD be_BE H14 78 permitted_VBN within_IN the_ATI limits_NNS fixed_VBN for_IN *'_*' H14 78 insignificant_JJ **'_**' suppliers_NNS ;_; H14 79 (_( c_ZZ )_) any_DTI reference_NN to_IN regulation_NN of_IN H14 79 imports_NNS into_IN the_ATI United_NP Kingdom_NPL H14 80 relates_VBZ to_IN regulation_NN of_IN the_ATI quantities_NNS of_IN H14 80 imports_NNS only_RB ;_; H14 81 (_( d_ZZ )_) the_ATI expression_NN *'_*' from_NC Denmark_NC **'_**' H14 81 in_IN relation_NN to_IN agricultural_JJ H14 82 products_NNS means_VBZ *'_*' produced_VBN or_CC manufactured_VBN in_IN H14 82 Denmark_NP **'_**' ;_; H14 83 (_( e_ZZ )_) any_DTI reference_NN to_IN imports_NNS of_IN fish_NNS H14 83 into_IN the_ATI United_NP Kingdom_NPL from_IN H14 84 Denmark_NP includes_VBZ a_AT reference_NN to_IN fish_NNS landed_VBN H14 84 in_IN the_ATI United_NP Kingdom_NPL H14 85 direct_RB from_IN the_ATI sea_NN by_IN Danish_JNP vessels_NNS ;_; H14 86 (_( f_ZZ )_) the_ATI term_NN *'_*' United_NC Kingdom_NC **'_**' H14 86 means_VBZ Great_NP Britain_NP and_CC Northern_NP H14 87 Ireland_NP ,_, the_ATI Channel_NPL Islands_NPLS and_CC the_ATI Isle_NPL H14 87 of_IN Man_NP ._. H14 89 ^ article_NN 7_CD ._. H14 90 ^ the_ATI present_JJ agreement_NN shall_MD be_BE ratified_VBN and_CC H14 90 the_ATI instruments_NNS of_IN H14 91 ratification_NN shall_MD be_BE exchanged_VBN at_IN London_NP as_QL H14 91 soon_RB as_CS possible_JJ ._. ^ it_PP3 H14 92 shall_MD come_VB into_IN force_NN immediately_RB on_IN the_ATI H14 92 exchange_NN of_IN the_ATI instruments_NNS H14 93 of_IN ratification_NN and_CC it_PP3 may_MD be_BE terminated_VBN by_IN H14 93 either_DTX government_NN upon_IN the_ATI H14 94 expiration_NN of_IN six_CD months'_NNS$ notice_NN given_VBN to_IN H14 94 the_ATI other_AP government_NN ,_, H14 95 provided_CS that_CS" it_PP3 shall_MD in_IN any_DTI event_NN not_XNOT H14 95 terminate_NN before_IN 31st_OD March_NR ,_, H14 96 1961_CD ._. H14 98 ^ in_IN witness_NN whereof_WRB the_ATI undersigned_JJ ,_, being_BEG H14 98 duly_RB authorised_VBN H14 99 thereto_RB ,_, have_HV signed_VBN the_ATI present_JJ agreement_NN ._. H14 100 ^ done_VBN in_IN duplicate_NN at_IN London_NP ,_, this_DT H14 100 eighteenth_OD day_NN of_IN November_NR ,_, one_CD1 H14 101 thousand_CD nine_CD hundred_CD and_CC fifty-seven_CD ,_, in_IN the_ATI H14 101 English_JNP and_CC Danish_JNP H14 102 languages_NNS ,_, both_ABX texts_NNS being_BEG equally_RB H14 102 authoritative_JJ ._. H14 103 ^ Selwyn_NP Lloyd_NP ._. H14 104 ^ Steensen-Leth_NP ._. H14 105 ^ exchanges_NNS of_IN notes_NNS ._. H14 106 ^ \0no_NN 1_CD1 (_( a_ZZ )_) ._. H14 107 ^ the_ATI Secretary_NPT of_IN state_NN for_IN foreign_JJ affairs_NNS H14 107 to_IN the_ATI Danish_JNP H14 108 Ambassador_NPT at_IN London_NP ._. H14 109 ^ your_PP$ excellency_NN ,_, H14 110 in_IN the_ATI course_NN of_IN the_ATI negotiations_NNS between_IN H14 110 the_ATI government_NN of_IN the_ATI H14 111 United_NP Kingdom_NPL of_IN Great_NP Britain_NP and_CC Northern_NP H14 111 Ireland_NP and_CC the_ATI H14 112 government_NN of_IN Denmark_NP ,_, which_WDTR resulted_VBD in_IN H14 112 the_ATI signature_NN to-day_NR of_IN a_AT H14 113 trade_NN agreement_NN ,_, you_PP2 indicated_VBD that_CS you_PP2 H14 113 would_MD be_BE grateful_JJ for_IN an_AT H14 114 assurance_NN from_IN the_ATI government_NN of_IN the_ATI United_NP H14 114 Kingdom_NPL that_CS the_ATI agreement_NN H14 115 concerning_IN arrangements_NNS respecting_IN the_ATI expiration_NN H14 115 of_IN the_ATI long-term_JJB H14 116 agreement_NN for_IN the_ATI purchase_NN of_IN bacon_NN ,_, as_CS H14 116 set_VBN out_RP in_IN the_ATI agreed_JJ minute_NN H14 117 and_CC exchange_NN of_IN letters_NNS of_IN the_ATI 27th_OD of_IN H14 117 February_NR ,_, 1956_CD ,_, is_BEZ still_RB valid_JJ ._. H14 118 ^ I_PP1A have_HV the_ATI honour_NN to_TO inform_VB your_PP$ H14 118 excellency_NN that_CS it_PP3 is_BEZ the_ATI H14 119 understanding_NN of_IN the_ATI government_NN of_IN the_ATI United_NP H14 119 Kingdom_NPL that_CS nothing_PN in_IN H14 120 the_ATI agreement_NN concluded_VBN to-day_NR involves_VBZ any_DTI H14 120 amendment_NN or_CC limitation_NN of_IN H14 121 the_ATI rights_NNS of_IN either_DTX party_NN under_IN the_ATI said_JJ H14 121 agreed_JJ minute_NN and_CC exchanges_NNS H14 122 of_IN letters_NNS ._. H14 123 ^ you_PP2 also_RB asked_VBD for_IN confirmation_NN that_CS ,_, H14 123 notwithstanding_IN article_NN 3_CD H14 124 (_( b_ZZ )_) of_IN the_ATI agreement_NN concluded_VBN to-day_NR ,_, H14 124 the_ATI termination_NN of_IN the_ATI H14 125 protocols_NNS ,_, agreements_NNS and_CC exchanges_NNS of_IN notes_NNS H14 125 referred_VBN to_IN in_IN article_NN 4_CD H14 126 of_IN the_ATI commercial_JJ agreement_NN of_IN the_ATI 13th_OD of_IN H14 126 August_NR ,_, 1949_CD ,_, will_MD still_RB H14 127 have_HV effect_NN ._. ^ I_PP1A have_HV to_TO inform_VB you_PP2 that_CS H14 127 this_DT is_BEZ the_ATI understanding_NN of_IN H14 128 the_ATI government_NN of_IN the_ATI United_NP Kingdom_NPL ._. H14 129 ^ I_PP1A have_HV ,_, &_CC c_ZZ ._. H14 130 ^ Selwyn_NP Lloyd_NP ._. H14 131 ^ \0no_NN 1_CD1 (_( b_ZZ )_) ._. H14 132 ^ the_ATI Danish_JNP Ambassador_NPT at_IN London_NP to_IN the_ATI H14 132 Secretary_NPT of_IN state_NN for_IN H14 133 foreign_JJ affairs_NNS ._. H14 134 ^ sir_NN ,_, H14 135 I_PP1A have_HV the_ATI honour_NN to_TO acknowledge_VB receipt_NN H14 135 of_IN your_PP$ note_NN nd_ZZ 115/12_CD of_IN H14 136 the_ATI 18th_OD of_IN November_NR confirming_VBG that_CS it_PP3 is_BEZ H14 136 the_ATI understanding_NN of_IN the_ATI H14 137 government_NN of_IN the_ATI United_NP Kingdom_NPL of_IN Great_NP H14 137 Britain_NP and_CC Northern_NP Ireland_NP H14 138 that_CS nothing_PN in_IN the_ATI trade_NN agreement_NN concluded_VBN H14 138 to-day_NR involves_VBZ any_DTI H14 139 amendment_NN or_CC limitation_NN of_IN the_ATI rights_NNS of_IN H14 139 either_DTX party_NN under_IN the_ATI agreed_JJ H14 140 minute_NN and_CC exchanges_NNS of_IN letters_NNS of_IN the_ATI 27th_OD H14 140 of_IN February_NR ,_, 1956_CD ,_, H14 141 concerning_IN arrangements_NNS respecting_IN the_ATI expiration_NN H14 141 of_IN the_ATI long-term_JJB H14 142 agreement_NN for_IN the_ATI purchase_NN of_IN bacon_NN ._. H14 143 ^ part_NN 1_CD1 ._. H14 144 ^ powers_NNS of_IN courts_NNS in_IN respect_NN of_IN young_JJ H14 144 offenders_NNS ._. H14 145 ^ borstal_NN training_NN and_CC imprisonment_NN ._. H14 146 ^ 1_CD1 ._. *-_*- (_( 1_CD1 )_) ._. ^ the_ATI minimum_JJ age_NN H14 146 at_IN conviction_NN which_WDTR qualifies_VBZ for_IN a_AT H14 147 sentence_NN of_IN borstal_NN training_NN under_IN section_NN twenty_CD H14 147 of_IN the_ATI criminal_JJ H14 148 justice_NN act_NN ,_, 1948_CD ,_, shall_MD be_BE fifteen_CD instead_RB H14 148 of_IN sixteen_CD years_NNS ._. H14 149 ^ (_( 2_CD )_) ._. ^ the_ATI power_NN of_IN a_AT court_NN to_TO H14 149 pass_VB a_AT sentence_NN of_IN borstal_NN training_NN H14 150 under_IN the_ATI said_JJ section_NN twenty_CD in_IN the_ATI case_NN H14 150 of_IN a_AT person_NN convicted_VBN as_CS H14 151 therein_RB mentioned_VBN shall_MD be_BE exercisable_JJ in_IN any_DTI H14 151 case_NN where_WRB the_ATI court_NN is_BEZ H14 152 of_IN opinion_NN ,_, having_HVG regard_NN to_IN the_ATI H14 152 circumstances_NNS of_IN the_ATI offence_NN and_CC H14 153 after_IN taking_VBG into_IN account_NN the_ATI offender's_NN$ H14 153 character_NN and_CC previous_JJ H14 154 conduct_NN ,_, that_CS it_PP3 is_BEZ expedient_JJ that_CS he_PP3A H14 154 should_MD be_BE detained_VBN for_IN training_NN H14 155 for_IN not_XNOT less_AP than_IN six_CD months_NNS :_: H14 156 provided_CS that_CS" such_ABL a_AT sentence_NN shall_MD not_XNOT H14 156 be_BE passed_VBN on_IN a_AT person_NN who_WPR H14 157 is_BEZ under_IN seventeen_CD years_NNS of_IN age_NN on_IN the_ATI H14 157 day_NN of_IN his_PP$ conviction_NN unless_CS H14 158 the_ATI court_NN is_BEZ of_IN opinion_NN that_CS no_ATI other_AP H14 158 method_NN of_IN dealing_VBG with_IN him_PP3O is_BEZ H14 159 appropriate_JJ ._. H14 160 ^ (_( 3_CD )_) ._. ^ before_IN passing_VBG a_AT sentence_NN of_IN H14 160 borstal_NN training_NN in_IN the_ATI case_NN of_IN H14 161 an_AT offender_NN of_IN any_DTI age_NN ,_, the_ATI court_NN shall_MD H14 161 consider_VB any_DTI report_NN made_VBN in_IN H14 162 respect_NN of_IN him_PP3O by_IN or_CC on_IN behalf_NN of_IN the_ATI H14 162 prison_NN Commissioners_NPTS ,_, and_CC H14 163 section_NN thirty-seven_CD of_IN this_DT act_NN shall_MD apply_VB H14 163 accordingly_RB ._. H14 164 ^ (_( 4_CD )_) ._. ^ the_ATI foregoing_JJ provisions_NNS of_IN H14 164 this_DT section_NN shall_MD apply_VB in_IN H14 165 relation_NN to_IN committal_NN for_IN a_AT sentence_NN of_IN borstal_NN H14 165 training_NN under_IN section_NN H14 166 twenty-eight_CD of_IN the_ATI magistrates'_NNS$ courts_NNS act_NN ,_, H14 166 1952_CD ,_, as_CS they_PP3AS apply_VB to_IN H14 167 the_ATI passing_NN of_IN such_ABL a_AT sentence_NN under_IN section_NN H14 167 twenty_CD of_IN the_ATI criminal_JJ H14 168 justice_NN act_NN ,_, 1948_CD ._. H14 169 ^ (_( 5_CD )_) ._. ^ subsections_NNS (_( 7_CD )_) and_CC (_( 8_CD H14 169 )_) of_IN section_NN twenty_CD of_IN the_ATI criminal_JJ H14 170 justice_NN act_NN ,_, 1948_CD ,_, and_CC subsections_NNS (_( 2_CD )_) H14 170 and_CC (_( 3_CD )_) of_IN section_NN twenty-eight_CD H14 171 of_IN the_ATI magistrates'_NNS$ courts_NNS act_NN ,_, 1952_CD ,_, H14 171 shall_MD cease_VB to_TO have_HV effect_NN ._. H14 172 ^ 2_CD ._. *-_*- (_( 1_CD1 )_) ._. ^ in_IN subsection_NN (_( 2_CD H14 172 )_) of_IN section_NN fifty-three_CD of_IN the_ATI H14 173 children_NNS and_CC young_JJ persons_NNS act_NN ,_, 1933_CD (_( H14 173 which_WDTR provides_VBZ for_IN the_ATI passing_NN H14 174 of_IN a_AT sentence_NN of_IN detention_NN for_IN a_AT specified_JJ H14 174 period_NN in_IN the_ATI case_NN of_IN H14 175 children_NNS or_CC young_JJ persons_NNS convicted_VBN on_IN H14 175 indictment_NN of_IN certain_JJ grave_JJ H14 176 crimes_NNS therein_RB mentioned_VBN )_) for_IN the_ATI words_NNS H14 176 from_IN *'_*' an_AT attempt_NN to_TO murder_VB H14 177 **'_**' to_IN *'_*' grievous_JJ bodily_JJ harm_NN **'_**' there_EX H14 177 shall_MD be_BE substituted_VBN the_ATI words_NNS H14 178 *'_*' any_DTI offence_NN punishable_JJ in_IN the_ATI case_NN of_IN H14 178 an_AT adult_NN with_IN imprisonment_NN for_IN H14 179 fourteen_CD years_NNS or_CC more_AP ,_, not_XNOT being_BEG an_AT H14 179 offence_NN the_ATI sentence_NN for_IN which_WDTR is_BEZ H14 180 fixed_VBN by_IN law_NN **'_**' ._. H14 181 ^ (_( 2_CD )_) ._. ^ in_IN subsection_NN (_( 1_CD1 )_) of_IN H14 181 section_NN seventeen_CD of_IN the_ATI criminal_JJ H14 182 justice_NN act_NN ,_, 1948_CD (_( which_WDTR precludes_VBZ a_AT H14 182 court_NN of_IN assize_NN or_CC quarter_NN H14 183 sessions_NNS from_IN imposing_VBG imprisonment_NN on_IN a_AT person_NN H14 183 under_IN fifteen_CD years_NNS of_IN H14 184 age_NN )_) for_IN the_ATI words_NNS *'_*' fifteen_CD years_NNS **'_**' H14 184 there_EX shall_MD be_BE substituted_VBN the_ATI H14 185 words_NNS *'_*' seventeen_CD years_NNS **'_**' ._. H14 186 ^ 3_CD ._. *-_*- (_( 1_CD1 )_) ._. ^ without_IN prejudice_NN to_IN H14 186 any_DTI other_AP enactment_NN prohibiting_VBG H14 187 or_CC restricting_VBG the_ATI imposition_NN of_IN imprisonment_NN on_IN H14 187 persons_NNS of_IN any_DTI age_NN ,_, a_AT H14 188 sentence_NN of_IN imprisonment_NN shall_MD not_XNOT be_BE passed_VBN H14 188 by_IN any_DTI court_NN on_IN a_AT person_NN H14 189 within_IN the_ATI limits_NNS of_IN age_NN which_WDTR qualify_VB for_IN H14 189 a_AT sentence_NN of_IN borstal_NN H14 190 training_NN except_IN *-_*- H14 192 (_( a_ZZ )_) for_IN a_AT term_NN not_XNOT exceeding_VBG six_CD H14 192 months_NNS ;_; or_CC H14 193 (_( b_ZZ )_) (_( where_WRB the_ATI court_NN has_HVZ power_NN to_TO H14 193 pass_VB such_ABL a_AT sentence_NN )_) for_IN a_AT term_NN H14 194 of_IN not_XNOT less_AP than_IN three_CD years_NNS ._. H14 196 ^ (_( 2_CD )_) ._. ^ subsection_NN (_( 1_CD1 )_) of_IN this_DT H14 196 section_NN shall_MD not_XNOT apply_VB in_IN the_ATI case_NN of_IN H14 197 a_AT person_NN who_WPR is_BEZ serving_VBG a_AT sentence_NN of_IN H14 197 imprisonment_NN at_IN the_ATI time_NN when_WRB H14 198 the_ATI court_NN passes_VBZ sentence_NN ;_; and_CC for_IN the_ATI H14 198 purpose_NN of_IN this_DT subsection_NN a_AT H14 199 person_NN sentenced_VBN to_IN imprisonment_NN who_WPR has_HVZ been_BEN H14 199 recalled_VBN or_CC returned_VBN to_IN H14 200 prison_NN after_IN being_BEG released_VBN subject_JJ to_IN H14 200 supervision_NN or_CC on_IN licence_NN ,_, and_CC H14 201 has_HVZ not_XNOT been_BEN released_VBN again_RB or_CC discharged_VBN H14 201 ,_, shall_MD be_BE treated_VBN as_CS serving_VBG H14 202 the_ATI sentence_NN ._. H14 203 ^ (_( 3_CD )_) ._. ^ in_IN relation_NN to_IN a_AT person_NN who_WPR H14 203 has_HVZ served_VBN a_AT previous_JJ sentence_NN of_IN H14 204 imprisonment_NN for_IN a_AT term_NN of_IN not_XNOT less_AP than_IN H14 204 six_CD months_NNS ,_, or_CC a_AT previous_JJ H14 205 sentence_NN of_IN borstal_NN training_NN ,_, subsection_NN (_( 1_CD1 H14 205 )_) of_IN this_DT section_NN shall_MD H14 206 have_HV effect_NN as_CS if_CS" for_IN the_ATI reference_NN to_IN H14 206 three_CD years_NNS there_EX were_BED H14 207 substituted_VBN a_AT reference_NN to_IN eighteen_CD months_NNS ;_; H14 207 and_CC for_IN the_ATI purpose_NN of_IN H14 208 this_DT subsection_NN a_AT person_NN sentenced_VBN to_IN borstal_NN H14 208 training_NN shall_MD be_BE H14 209 treated_VBN as_CS having_HVG served_VBN the_ATI sentence_NN if_CS H14 209 he_PP3A has_HVZ been_BEN released_VBN subject_JJ H14 210 to_IN supervision_NN ,_, whether_CS or_CC not_XNOT he_PP3A has_HVZ H14 210 subsequently_RB been_BEN recalled_VBN or_CC H14 211 returned_VBN to_IN a_AT borstal_NN institution_NN ._. H14 212 ^ (_( 4_CD )_) ._. ^ the_ATI foregoing_JJ provisions_NNS of_IN H14 212 this_DT section_NN ,_, so_QL far_RB as_CS they_PP3AS H14 213 affect_VB the_ATI passing_NN of_IN consecutive_JJ sentences_NNS by_IN H14 213 magistrates'_NNS$ courts_NNS ,_, H14 214 shall_MD have_HV effect_NN notwithstanding_IN anything_PN in_IN H14 214 section_NN one_CD1 hundred_CD and_CC H14 215 eight_CD of_IN the_ATI magistrates'_NNS$ courts_NNS act_NN ,_, 1952_CD H14 215 (_( which_WDTR authorised_VBD such_ABL H14 216 courts_NNS in_IN specified_JJ circumstances_NNS to_TO impose_VB H14 216 consecutive_JJ sentences_NNS of_IN H14 217 imprisonment_NN totalling_VBG more_AP than_IN six_CD months_NNS )_) ._. H14 218 ^ (_( 5_CD )_) ._. ^ her_PP$ majesty_NN may_MD by_IN order_NN in_IN H14 218 council_NN direct_VB that_CS paragraph_NN (_( a_ZZ )_) H14 219 of_IN subsection_NN (_( 1_CD1 )_) of_IN this_DT section_NN shall_MD H14 219 be_BE repealed_VBN ,_, either_DTX generally_RB H14 220 or_CC so_QL far_RB as_CS it_PP3 relates_VBZ to_IN persons_NNS ,_, or_CC H14 220 male_JJ or_CC female_JJ persons_NNS ,_, of_IN any_DTI H14 221 age_NN described_VBN in_IN the_ATI order_NN :_: H14 222 provided_CS that_CS" *-_*- H14 224 (_( a_ZZ )_) an_AT order_NN in_IN council_NN shall_MD not_XNOT be_BE H14 224 made_VBN under_IN this_DT subsection_NN H14 225 unless_CS the_ATI Secretary_NPT of_IN state_NN is_BEZ satisfied_VBN H14 225 that_CS sufficient_JJ H14 226 accommodation_NN is_BEZ available_JJ in_IN detention_NN centres_NNS H14 226 for_IN the_ATI numbers_NNS of_IN H14 227 offenders_NNS for_IN whom_WPOR such_ABL accommodation_NN is_BEZ H14 227 likely_JJ to_TO be_BE required_VBN in_IN H14 228 consequence_NN of_IN the_ATI order_NN ;_; H14 229 (_( b_ZZ )_) no_ATI recommendation_NN shall_MD be_BE made_VBN to_IN H14 229 her_PP$ majesty_NN in_IN council_NN to_TO H14 230 make_VB an_AT order_NN under_IN this_DT subsection_NN unless_CS a_AT H14 230 draft_NN of_IN the_ATI order_NN has_HVZ H14 231 been_BEN laid_VBN before_IN parliament_NN and_CC has_HVZ been_BEN H14 231 approved_VBN by_IN resolution_NN of_IN H14 232 each_DT House_NPL of_IN parliament_NN ._. H14 234 ^ detention_NN centre_NN and_CC remand_NN home_NR ._. H14 235 ^ 4_CD ._. *-_*- (_( 1_CD1 )_) ._. ^ in_IN any_DTI case_NN where_WRB H14 235 a_AT court_NN has_HVZ power_NN ,_, or_CC would_MD have_HV H14 236 power_NN but_IN for_IN" the_ATI statutory_JJ restrictions_NNS upon_IN H14 236 the_ATI imprisonment_NN of_IN H14 237 young_JJ offenders_NNS ,_, to_TO pass_VB sentence_NN of_IN H14 237 imprisonment_NN on_IN an_AT offender_NN under_IN H14 238 twenty-one_CD but_CC not_XNOT less_AP than_IN fourteen_CD years_NNS H14 238 of_IN age_NN ,_, the_ATI court_NN may_MD ,_, H14 239 subject_JJ to_IN the_ATI provisions_NNS of_IN this_DT section_NN ,_, H14 239 order_VB him_PP3O to_TO be_BE detained_VBN in_IN H14 240 a_AT detention_NN centre_NN ._. H15 2 I_PP1A do_DO not_XNOT know_VB what_WDT the_ATI right_RB \0hon_NPT H15 2 gentleman_NN means_VBZ by_IN *'_*' large_JJ H15 3 part_NN of_IN the_ATI country_NN ._. **'_**' ^ for_IN all_ABN I_PP1A H15 3 know_VB ,_, over_IN a_AT geographical_JJ area_NN what_WDT H15 4 he_PP3A says_VBZ may_MD be_BE true_JJ ._. ^ for_IN example_NN ,_, H15 4 let_VB us_PP1OS consider_VB the_ATI area_NN in_IN which_WDTR H15 5 the_ATI \0hon_NPT member_NN for_IN Exeter_NP plays_VBZ such_ABL a_AT H15 5 large_JJ part_NN ._. ^ if_CS the_ATI H15 6 government_NN knock_VB down_RP one_CD1 cottage_NN in_IN the_ATI H15 6 middle_NN of_IN Dartmoor_NP ,_, they_PP3AS may_MD H15 7 be_BE removing_VBG all_ABN the_ATI slums_NNS over_IN a_AT wide_JJ H15 7 area_NN ._. ^ but_CC if_CS the_ATI Minister_NPT H15 8 means_VBZ ,_, by_IN *'_*' large_JJ part_NN **'_**' ,_, areas_NNS H15 8 where_WRB people_NNS are_BER living_VBG in_IN great_JJ H15 9 concentrations_NNS of_IN population_NN ,_, then_RN the_ATI answer_NN H15 9 is_BEZ that_CS the_ATI areas_NNS that_WPR H15 10 are_BER not_XNOT keeping_VBG up_RP with_IN the_ATI slum_NN clearance_NN H15 10 programme_NN represent_VB the_ATI H15 11 majority_NN of_IN unfit_JJ houses_NNS in_IN the_ATI country_NN ._. H15 12 ^ the_ATI figures_NNS which_WDTR the_ATI right_RB \0hon_NPT H15 12 gentleman_NN quoted_VBD in_IN the_ATI white_JJ H15 13 paper_NN ,_, relating_VBG to_IN 50_CD local_JJ authorities_NNS who_WPR H15 13 were_BED behindhand_RB in_IN their_PP$ H15 14 programmes_NNS ,_, included_VBD authorities_NNS in_IN some_DTI of_IN H15 14 our_PP$ great_JJ industrial_JJ H15 15 areas_NNS ._. ^ if_CS ,_, when_WRB he_PP3A talks_VBZ about_IN the_ATI H15 15 problem_NN being_BEG solved_VBN over_IN a_AT large_JJ H15 16 part_NN of_IN the_ATI country_NN ,_, he_PP3A is_BEZ merely_RB H15 16 noting_VBG that_CS in_IN Torquay_NP ,_, for_IN H15 17 instance_NN ,_, 41_CD out_RP of_IN 42_CD houses_NNS were_BED H15 17 demolished_VBN in_IN five_CD years_NNS ,_, I_PP1A give_VB H15 18 him_PP3O his_PP$ figures_NNS ,_, but_CC we_PP1AS know_VB that_CS in_IN H15 18 the_ATI great_JJ industrial_JJ areas_NNS the_ATI H15 19 situation_NN is_BEZ completely_RB different_JJ ._. H15 20 ^ the_ATI right_RB \0hon_NPT gentleman_NN is_BEZ entitled_VBN to_TO H15 20 make_VB the_ATI point_NN that_CS he_PP3A H15 21 is_BEZ not_XNOT solely_RB responsible_JJ for_IN slum_NN clearance_NN H15 21 ,_, and_CC that_CS it_PP3 is_BEZ a_AT H15 22 question_NN of_IN partnership_NN between_IN him_PP3O and_CC the_ATI H15 22 local_JJ authorities_NNS ._. ^ when_WRB H15 23 things_NNS go_VB well_RB ,_, we_PP1AS do_DO not_XNOT hear_VB much_AP H15 23 about_IN the_ATI contributions_NNS made_VBN by_IN H15 24 local_JJ authorities_NNS ,_, but_CC we_PP1AS are_BER likely_JJ to_TO H15 24 hear_VB about_IN them_PP3OS when_WRB things_NNS go_VB H15 25 badly_RB ._. ^ what_WDT are_BER the_ATI reasons_NNS for_IN the_ATI H15 25 slow_JJ completion_NN of_IN the_ATI slum_NN H15 26 clearance_NN programmes_NNS ?_? ^ he_PP3A gave_VBD first_OD priority_NN H15 26 to_IN the_ATI shortage_NN of_IN H15 27 technical_JJ staff_NN ,_, but_CC I_PP1A would_MD like_VB to_TO point_VB H15 27 out_RP one_CD1 reason_NN for_IN that_DT H15 28 shortage_NN ._. H15 29 ^ up_RP to_IN 1957_CD ,_, local_JJ authorities_NNS had_HVD been_BEN H15 29 encouraged_VBN to_TO build_VB up_RP the_ATI H15 30 technical_JJ staffs_NNS in_IN their_PP$ housing_NN departments_NNS ,_, H15 30 under_IN the_ATI drive_NN of_IN the_ATI H15 31 early_JJ years_NNS ,_, but_CC then_RN they_PP3AS were_BED suddenly_RB H15 31 faced_VBN with_IN a_AT drastic_JJ cut_NN in_IN H15 32 their_PP$ programmes_NNS ,_, imposed_VBN by_IN the_ATI government_NN H15 32 ,_, and_CC they_PP3AS had_HVD to_TO turn_VB away_RP H15 33 their_PP$ technical_JJ staffs_NNS ,_, who_WPR found_VBD work_NN H15 33 elsewhere_RB ._. ^ that_DT was_BEDZ not_XNOT the_ATI H15 34 fault_NN of_IN local_JJ authorities_NNS ._. ^ once_CS an_AT H15 34 establishment_NN has_HVZ been_BEN arrived_VBN at_IN H15 35 for_IN carrying_VBG out_RP a_AT certain_JJ programme_NN it_PP3 is_BEZ H15 35 very_QL difficult_JJ to_TO maintain_VB H15 36 it_PP3 if_CS government_NN interference_NN causes_VBZ frequent_JJ H15 36 fluctuations_NNS in_IN that_DT H15 37 programme_NN ._. H15 38 ^ one_CD1 of_IN the_ATI alarming_JJ things_NNS that_WPR the_ATI H15 38 Minister_NPT said_VBD was_BEDZ in_IN reply_NN to_IN H15 39 a_AT question_NN put_VBN by_IN my_PP$ \0hon_NPT friend_NN the_ATI H15 39 member_NN for_IN Oldham_NP ,_, East_NP (_( \0Mr_NPT H15 40 Mapp_NP )_) ._. ^ he_PP3A said_VBD that_CS he_PP3A hoped_VBD to_TO H15 40 see_VB the_ATI recruitment_NN of_IN technical_JJ H15 41 staff_NN improved_VBN by_IN the_ATI engagement_NN of_IN staffs_NNS H15 41 from_IN other_AP local_JJ H15 42 authorities_NNS as_CS they_PP3AS completed_VBD their_PP$ slum_NN H15 42 clearance_NN programmes_NNS ._. ^ that_DT H15 43 was_BEDZ a_AT rather_RB nasty_JJ shock_NN for_IN local_JJ H15 43 authorities_NNS who_WPR were_BED hoping_VBG that_CS H15 44 when_WRB they_PP3AS had_HVD completed_VBN their_PP$ slum_NN H15 44 clearance_NN programmes_NNS they_PP3AS would_MD be_BE H15 45 able_JJ to_TO go_VB on_RP with_IN their_PP$ other_AP necessary_JJ H15 45 programmes_NNS *-_*- perhaps_RB to_TO H15 46 increase_VB their_PP$ programmes_NNS for_IN houses_NNS for_IN the_ATI H15 46 old_JJ people_NNS ,_, for_IN the_ATI sick_JJ H15 47 and_CC the_ATI disabled_JJ ,_, and_CC also_RB to_TO expand_VB their_PP$ H15 47 programme_NN of_IN houses_NNS for_IN H15 48 general_JJ needs_NNS ._. ^ by_IN his_PP$ answer_NN the_ATI right_RB H15 48 \0hon_NPT gentleman_NN was_BEDZ saying_VBG H15 49 that_CS when_WRB local_JJ authorities_NNS completed_VBD their_PP$ H15 49 slum_NN clearance_NN programme_NN H15 50 he_PP3A was_BEDZ going_VBG to_TO cut_VB down_RP their_PP$ H15 50 programmes_NNS for_IN other_AP forms_NNS of_IN house_NN H15 51 building_NN to_TO force_VB the_ATI transference_NN of_IN technical_JJ H15 51 staffs_NNS to_IN those_DTS areas_NNS H15 52 which_WDTR had_HVD still_RB to_TO complete_VB their_PP$ slum_NN H15 52 clearance_NN programmes_NNS ._. H15 53 ^ another_DT difficulty_NN has_HVZ been_BEN the_ATI rise_NN in_IN H15 53 the_ATI cost_NN of_IN land_NN ,_, about_IN H15 54 which_WDTR the_ATI House_NPL has_HVZ had_HVN a_AT good_JJ deal_NN to_TO H15 54 say_VB ._. ^ there_EX are_BER two_CD aspects_NNS of_IN H15 55 this_DT problem_NN ._. ^ there_EX is_BEZ the_ATI special_JJ problem_NN H15 55 of_IN areas_NNS in_IN which_WDTR there_EX is_BEZ H15 56 an_AT excessive_JJ demand_NN for_IN land_NN ,_, about_IN which_WDTR H15 56 I_PP1A do_DO not_XNOT want_VB to_TO say_VB much_AP at_IN H15 57 the_ATI moment_NN ._. ^ but_CC even_RB in_IN areas_NNS where_WRB H15 57 there_EX is_BEZ no_ATI reason_NN to_TO suppose_VB H15 58 that_CS the_ATI demand_NN for_IN land_NN is_BEZ abnormal_JJ the_ATI H15 58 price_NN has_HVZ risen_VBN enormously_RB ._. H15 59 ^ my_PP$ constituency_NN of_IN Widnes_NP is_BEZ in_IN an_AT H15 59 industrial_JJ part_NN of_IN Lancashire_NP ,_, H15 60 which_WDTR is_BEZ not_XNOT developing_VBG very_QL rapidly_RB ._. ^ H15 60 nevertheless_RB ,_, although_CS only_RB H15 61 five_CD or_CC six_CD years_NNS ago_RB *+500_NNU an_AT acre_NN was_BEDZ H15 61 considered_VBN a_AT fairly_RB stiff_JJ H15 62 price_NN to_TO pay_VB ,_, in_IN the_ATI last_AP few_AP compulsory_JJ H15 62 purchase_NN orders_NNS it_PP3 has_HVZ made_VBN H15 63 that_DT local_JJ authority_NN has_HVZ been_BEN paying_VBG over_RB H15 63 *+7,000_NNU an_AT acre_NN ._. ^ that_DT is_BEZ H15 64 some_DTI measure_NN of_IN the_ATI obstacles_NNS which_WDTR face_VB a_AT H15 64 local_JJ authority_NN which_WDTR is_BEZ H15 65 trying_VBG to_TO carry_VB out_RP its_PP$ slum_NN clearance_NN H15 65 programme_NN ._. H15 66 ^ the_ATI question_NN of_IN the_ATI interest_NN rate_NN affects_VBZ H15 66 both_ABX the_ATI cost_NN of_IN land_NN H15 67 and_CC the_ATI increased_JJ cost_NN of_IN building_NN ._. ^ local_JJ H15 67 authorities_NNS are_BER caught_VBN both_ABX H15 68 ways_NNS ._. ^ they_PP3AS are_BER caught_VBN in_IN relation_NN to_IN H15 68 their_PP$ normal_JJ costs_NNS ,_, because_CS any_DTI H15 69 increase_NN in_IN the_ATI rate_NN of_IN interest_NN means_VBZ an_AT H15 69 immediate_JJ increase_NN in_IN rents_NNS ._. H15 70 ^ they_PP3AS are_BER also_RB caught_VBN by_IN the_ATI excessive_JJ H15 70 cost_NN of_IN all_ABN the_ATI auxiliary_JJ H15 71 services_NNS which_WDTR have_HV to_TO be_BE added_VBN to_IN the_ATI H15 71 actual_JJ building_NN cost_NN ._. ^ in_IN this_DT H15 72 connection_NN ,_, the_ATI government_NN issued_VBD some_DTI H15 72 interesting_JJ figures_NNS ,_, which_WDTR I_PP1A H15 73 propose_VB to_TO use_VB rather_RB than_IN my_PP$ own_AP ,_, because_CS H15 73 we_PP1AS must_MD presume_VB that_CS the_ATI H15 74 government_NN figures_NNS are_BER fairly_RB accurate_JJ ._. ^ if_CS H15 74 a_AT rate_NN of_IN interest_NN of_IN 3_CD H15 75 3/4_CD per_NNU \0cent_NNU" *-_*- which_WDTR is_BEZ about_RB H15 75 equivalent_JJ to_IN the_ATI public_JJ works_NNS loan_NN H15 76 board_NN rate_NN in_IN 1950_CD *-_*- is_BEZ compared_VBN not_XNOT H15 76 with_IN the_ATI present_JJ rate_NN of_IN 6_CD 1/8_CD H15 77 per_NNU \0cent_NNU" ,_, but_CC 5_CD 3/4_CD per_NNU \0cent_NNU" ,_, H15 77 the_ATI difference_NN in_IN respect_NN of_IN the_ATI H15 78 loan_NN charges_NNS on_IN a_AT house_NN costing_VBG *+1,500_NNU is_BEZ H15 78 about_RB *+32_NNU 5_CD \0s_NNU a_AT year_NN ._. H15 79 ^ that_DT may_MD not_XNOT seem_VB a_AT great_JJ deal_NN of_IN money_NN H15 79 ,_, but_CC it_PP3 is_BEZ enough_DTI to_TO knock_VB H15 80 out_RP even_RB a_AT *+24_NNU subsidy_NN ._. ^ in_IN other_AP words_NNS H15 80 ,_, over_IN the_ATI last_AP ten_CD years_NNS the_ATI H15 81 government_NN have_HV really_RB not_XNOT been_BEN paying_VBG any_DTI H15 81 subsidy_NN at_IN all_ABN ._. ^ they_PP3AS have_HV H15 82 been_BEN increasing_VBG costs_NNS by_IN raising_VBG the_ATI rate_NN H15 82 of_IN interest_NN on_IN loans_NNS while_CS H15 83 increasing_VBG the_ATI subsidies_NNS by_IN a_AT figure_NN not_XNOT H15 83 nearly_RB enough_DTI to_TO meet_VB the_ATI H15 84 extra_JJ costs_NNS caused_VBN thereby_RB ._. H15 85 ^ we_PP1AS can_MD ,_, therefore_RB ,_, say_VB that_CS the_ATI H15 85 present_JJ unhappy_JJ position_NN in_IN slum_NN H15 86 clearance_NN is_BEZ largely_RB due_JJ to_IN the_ATI obstacles_NNS H15 86 placed_VBN in_IN the_ATI way_NN of_IN local_JJ H15 87 authorities_NNS either_DTX directly_RB or_CC indirectly_RB ,_, by_IN H15 87 government_NN policy_NN ._. ^ I_PP1A do_DO H15 88 not_XNOT know_VB what_WDT the_ATI current_JJ estimates_NNS will_MD H15 88 be_BE ,_, but_CC in_IN last_AP year's_NN$ H15 89 estimates_NNS the_ATI amount_NN of_IN money_NN paid_VBN out_RP in_IN H15 89 subsidy_NN for_IN expensive_JJ sites_NNS H15 90 rose_VBD very_QL drastically_RB ._. ^ was_BEDZ that_DT due_JJ to_IN H15 90 the_ATI fact_NN that_CS more_QL expensive_JJ H15 91 land_NN was_BEDZ being_BEG used_VBN ,_, or_CC that_CS the_ATI H15 91 government_NN were_BED having_HVG to_TO pay_VB H15 92 expensive_JJ site_NN subsidies_NNS on_IN ordinary_JJ land_NN in_IN H15 92 areas_NNS where_WRB no_ATI such_ABL H15 93 subsidy_NN would_MD have_HV had_HVN to_TO be_BE paid_VBN before_RI ?_? ^ H15 93 I_PP1A suspect_VB that_CS the_ATI second_OD H15 94 alternative_NN was_BEDZ the_ATI cause_NN of_IN the_ATI increased_JJ H15 94 estimates_NNS ._. H15 95 ^ I_PP1A now_RN turn_VB to_IN the_ATI question_NN of_IN overspill_NN H15 95 ,_, in_IN respect_NN of_IN which_WDTR it_PP3 H15 96 is_BEZ very_QL difficult_JJ to_TO discover_VB what_WDT has_HVZ been_BEN H15 96 happening_VBG ._. ^ it_PP3 is_BEZ one_CD1 of_IN H15 97 the_ATI engaging_JJ peculiarities_NNS of_IN the_ATI situation_NN H15 97 that_CS the_ATI Scottish_JNP housing_NN H15 98 return_NN gives_VBZ figures_NNS relating_VBG to_IN the_ATI rehousing_NN H15 98 of_IN people_NNS from_IN H15 99 overspill_NN areas_NNS while_CS the_ATI right_RB \0hon_NPT gentleman_NN H15 99 as_QL far_RB as_CS I_PP1A know_VB ,_, is_BEZ H15 100 careful_JJ never_RB to_TO give_VB any_DTI such_ABL figures_NNS ._. ^ H15 100 I_PP1A do_DO not_XNOT know_VB what_WDT has_HVZ been_BEN H15 101 happening_VBG ._. ^ all_ABN I_PP1A know_VB is_BEZ that_CS some_DTI H15 101 years_NNS ago_RB the_ATI permanent_JJ Secretary_NPT H15 102 reckoned_VBD that_CS about_RB 2_CD million_CD people_NNS were_BED H15 102 required_VBN to_TO move_VB from_IN the_ATI H15 103 great_JJ towns_NNS ,_, and_CC that_CS that_DT meant_VBD the_ATI H15 103 building_NN of_IN over_RB 500,000_CD houses_NNS ._. H15 104 ^ if_CS that_DT information_NN is_BEZ married_VBN with_IN the_ATI H15 104 estimate_NN of_IN a_AT former_AP Minister_NPT H15 105 of_IN housing_NN and_CC local_JJ government_NN *-_*- the_ATI present_JJ H15 105 Secretary_NPT of_IN state_NN for_IN H15 106 commonwealth_NN relations_NNS *-_*- that_CS 20,000_CD houses_NNS H15 106 were_BED needed_VBN annually_RB for_IN H15 107 overspill_NN ,_, we_PP1AS see_VB that_CS that_DT envisages_VBZ a_AT H15 107 programme_NN lasting_VBG for_IN about_RB H15 108 twenty-five_CD years_NNS ,_, which_WDTR is_BEZ a_AT fairly_RB H15 108 long-term_JJB project_NN ._. ^ it_PP3 is_BEZ much_AP H15 109 more_AP than_IN even_RB the_ATI development_NN of_IN a_AT single_JJ H15 109 new_JJ town_NN ._. ^ the_ATI last_AP figures_NNS H15 110 I_PP1A have_HV seen_VBN ,_, which_WDTR related_VBD to_IN 1958_CD ,_, H15 110 showed_VBD that_CS under_RB 10,000_CD houses_NNS H15 111 were_BED being_BEG provided_VBN to_TO accommodate_VB overspill_NN ._. ^ H15 111 I_PP1A do_DO not_XNOT know_VB what_WDT has_HVZ H15 112 happened_VBN since_RI ,_, but_CC I_PP1A suspect_VB that_CS ,_, if_CS H15 112 anything_PN ,_, things_NNS have_HV got_VBN H15 113 worse_JJR ._. H15 114 ^ let_VB us_PP1OS now_RN consider_VB the_ATI right_RB \0hon_NPT H15 114 gentleman's_NN$ attitude_NN towards_IN H15 115 the_ATI new_JJ towns_NNS ,_, which_WDTR form_VB a_AT very_QL H15 115 important_JJ part_NN of_IN the_ATI whole_JJ problem_NN ._. H15 116 ^ for_IN many_AP years_NNS it_PP3 has_HVZ been_BEN very_QL difficult_JJ H15 116 to_TO get_VB the_ATI right_RB \0hon_NPT H15 117 gentleman_NN to_TO *'_*' come_VB clean_JJ **'_**' on_IN the_ATI H15 117 question_NN whether_CS or_CC not_XNOT he_PP3A H15 118 intended_VBD to_TO build_VB any_DTI new_JJ towns_NNS ._. ^ for_IN a_AT H15 118 long_JJ time_NN he_PP3A was_BEDZ rather_RB H15 119 evasive_JJ about_IN it_PP3 ._. ^ in_IN a_AT debate_NN in_IN July_NR ,_, H15 119 1960_CD ,_, he_PP3A said_VBD :_: H15 120 ^ *'_*' I_PP1A do_DO not_XNOT rule_VB out_RP the_ATI idea_NN of_IN H15 120 other_AP new_JJ towns_NNS ..._... ._. ^ it_PP3 is_BEZ easy_JJ H15 121 for_IN the_ATI leader_NN of_IN the_ATI opposition_NN to_TO suggest_VB H15 121 the_ATI idea_NN of_IN more_AP and_CC more_AP H15 122 new_JJ towns_NNS as_IN a_AT complete_JJ solution_NN ,_, but_CC he_PP3A H15 122 never_RB addressed_VBD himself_PPL ,_, in_IN H15 123 his_PP$ speech_NN ,_, to_IN where_WRB these_DTS new_JJ towns_NNS H15 123 should_MD go_VB ._. **'_**' *-_*- ^ (_( official_JJ H15 124 report_NN ,_, 18th_OD July_NR ,_, 1960_CD ;_; \0Vol_NN 627_CD ,_, H15 124 \0c_RB 56-7_CD-CD ._. )_) H15 125 ^ if_CS one_CD1 read_VBD that_DT statement_NN in_IN the_ATI H15 125 context_NN of_IN the_ATI new_JJ towns_NNS act_NN ,_, H15 126 it_PP3 was_BEDZ reasonable_JJ to_TO assume_VB *-_*- and_CC I_PP1A H15 126 think_VB that_CS most_AP people_NNS assumed_VBD *-_*- H15 127 that_CS the_ATI government_NN were_BED not_XNOT intending_VBG to_TO H15 127 provide_VB any_DTI new_JJ towns_NNS ,_, H15 128 either_DTX because_CS they_PP3AS could_MD not_XNOT find_VB sites_NNS H15 128 ,_, or_CC because_CS they_PP3AS did_DOD not_XNOT want_VB H15 129 to_TO ._. ^ when_WRB the_ATI new_JJ towns_NNS bill_NN was_BEDZ H15 129 being_BEG considered_VBN ,_, the_ATI government_NN were_BED H15 130 implored_VBN again_RB and_CC again_RB to_TO provide_VB compensation_NN H15 130 for_IN redundancy_NN ,_, or_CC to_TO H15 131 give_VB a_AT glimmer_NN of_IN hope_NN to_IN the_ATI people_NNS H15 131 employed_VBN in_IN the_ATI new_JJ town_NN H15 132 corporations_NNS that_CS they_PP3AS would_MD get_VB employment_NN in_IN H15 132 other_AP new_JJ towns_NNS ._. ^ all_ABN H15 133 that_WPR the_ATI right_RB \0hon_NPT gentleman_NN would_MD say_VB H15 133 was_BEDZ that_CS when_WRB the_ATI new_JJ towns_NNS H15 134 were_BED completed_VBN there_EX would_MD be_BE openings_NNS for_IN H15 134 them_PP3OS in_IN the_ATI general_JJ H15 135 administration_NN of_IN the_ATI new_JJ towns_NNS ._. ^ but_CC at_IN H15 135 no_ATI time_NN was_BEDZ he_PP3A prepared_VBN to_TO H15 136 give_VB any_DTI hope_NN that_CS other_AP new_JJ towns_NNS would_MD H15 136 be_BE provided_VBN ._. H15 137 ^ the_ATI right_RB \0hon_NPT gentleman_NN would_MD not_XNOT pay_VB H15 137 compensation_NN for_IN the_ATI H15 138 people_NNS who_WPR were_BED made_VBN redundant_JJ ._. ^ the_ATI H15 138 demoralising_JJ effect_NN on_IN the_ATI staff_NN H15 139 of_IN the_ATI new_JJ towns_NNS was_BEDZ deplorable_JJ ._. ^ H15 139 naturally_RB ,_, the_ATI people_NNS who_WPR were_BED faced_VBN H15 140 with_IN the_ATI possibility_NN of_IN their_PP$ jobs_NNS coming_VBG H15 140 to_IN an_AT end_NN ,_, the_ATI best_JJT people_NNS ,_, H15 141 the_ATI younger_JJR people_NNS ,_, the_ATI people_NNS who_WPR had_HVD H15 141 most_AP hope_NN in_IN getting_VBG out_RP of_IN the_ATI H15 142 new_JJ towns_NNS back_RP into_IN either_DTX other_AP aspects_NNS of_IN H15 142 public_JJ service_NN or_CC into_IN H15 143 private_JJ enterprise_NN ,_, took_VBD every_AT opportunity_NN to_TO H15 143 get_VB out_RP because_CS they_PP3AS H15 144 knew_VBD that_CS ,_, sooner_RBR or_CC later_RBR ,_, their_PP$ jobs_NNS H15 144 would_MD come_VB to_IN an_AT end_NN and_CC as_QL far_RB H15 145 as_CS they_PP3AS could_MD see_VB there_EX was_BEDZ no_ATI hope_NN of_IN H15 145 any_DTI alternative_JJ form_NN of_IN H15 146 employment_NN ._. H15 147 ^ what_WDT has_HVZ happened_VBN now_RN ?_? ^ in_IN 1951_CD ,_, a_AT H15 147 preliminary_JJ plan_NN was_BEDZ prepared_VBN H15 148 for_IN Lancashire_NP ,_, to_TO include_VB Parbold_NP as_IN a_AT new_JJ H15 148 town_NN ._. ^ in_IN the_ATI final_JJ plan_NN H15 149 that_WPR was_BEDZ submitted_VBN in_IN 1956_CD ,_, Skelmersdale_NP ,_, H15 149 which_WDTR was_BEDZ approximately_RB the_ATI H15 150 same_AP ,_, was_BEDZ designated_VBN by_IN the_ATI Lancashire_NP H15 150 County_NPL council_NN as_IN a_AT new_JJ town_NN H15 151 area_NN ._. ^ that_DT was_BEDZ cut_VBN out_RP of_IN the_ATI 1956_CD H15 151 plan_NN ._. ^ as_QL late_RB as_IN July_NR ,_, 1960_CD ,_, the_ATI H15 152 right_RB \0hon_NPT gentleman_NN was_BEDZ still_RB saying_VBG that_CS H15 152 he_PP3A could_MD not_XNOT find_VB sites_NNS H15 153 for_IN the_ATI new_JJ towns_NNS ,_, yet_CC within_IN a_AT matter_NN H15 153 of_IN six_CD months_NNS he_PP3A was_BEDZ telling_VBG us_PP1OS H15 154 in_IN the_ATI House_NPL that_CS he_PP3A had_HVD decided_VBN to_TO H15 154 approve_VB Skelmersdale_NP as_IN a_AT new_JJ H15 155 town_NN ._. ^ could_MD anything_PN be_BE more_QL crazy_JJ ?_? H15 156 ^ could_MD anything_PN be_BE more_QL crazy_JJ than_CS to_TO H15 156 demoralise_VB the_ATI staff_NN ,_, to_TO H15 157 break_VB up_RP the_ATI morale_NN of_IN the_ATI corporations_NNS ,_, H15 157 to_TO do_DO all_ABN one_CD1 can_MD to_TO create_VB H15 158 the_ATI impression_NN that_CS the_ATI new_JJ towns_NNS are_BER a_AT H15 158 dying_JJ industry_NN ,_, and_CC then_RN ,_, when_WRB H15 159 one_CD1 has_HVZ successfully_RB done_VBN that_DT ,_, to_TO resurrect_VB H15 159 a_AT new_JJ town_NN which_WDTR was_BEDZ H15 160 suggested_VBN originally_RB in_IN 1951_CD and_CC suddenly_RB decide_VB H15 160 to_TO approve_VB it_PP3 ?_? ^ I_PP1A H15 161 have_HV seen_VBN some_DTI of_IN this_DT ._. ^ Widnes_NP is_BEZ a_AT H15 161 reception_NN area_NN for_IN Liverpool_NP ._. ^ we_PP1AS H15 162 have_HV been_BEN vitally_RB concerned_JJ about_IN whether_CS new_JJ H15 162 towns_NNS would_MD be_BE built_VBN ._. ^ I_PP1A H15 163 am_BEM sure_JJ that_CS everybody_PN concerned_VBN with_IN the_ATI H15 163 problem_NN was_BEDZ under_IN the_ATI H15 164 impression_NN that_CS the_ATI ministry_NN had_HVD decided_VBN not_XNOT H15 164 to_TO build_VB a_AT new_JJ town_NN in_IN H15 165 Lancashire_NP ._. ^ now_RN I_PP1A am_BEM delighted_JJ that_CS we_PP1AS H15 165 are_BER to_TO have_HV one_CD1 ._. ^ if_CS there_EX is_BEZ H15 166 to_TO be_BE a_AT new_JJ town_NN ,_, could_MD there_EX be_BE a_AT H15 166 more_QL crazy_JJ and_CC incompetent_JJ way_NN of_IN H15 167 setting_NN about_IN getting_VBG a_AT successful_JJ new_JJ town_NN H15 167 than_IN the_ATI method_NN adopted_VBN by_IN H15 168 the_ATI government_NN ?_? H15 169 ^ what_WDT is_BEZ required_VBN from_IN the_ATI right_RB \0hon_NPT H15 169 gentleman_NN is_BEZ more_AP than_IN a_AP H15 170 few_AP" new_JJ towns_NNS dotted_VBN about_RP here_RN and_CC there_RN H15 170 ._. ^ what_WDT is_BEZ required_VBN is_BEZ a_AT H15 171 determined_JJ effort_NN to_TO relocate_VB not_XNOT only_RB people_NNS H15 171 ,_, but_CC industry_NN ,_, away_RP from_IN H15 172 London_NP and_CC the_ATI South_NP ._. ^ the_ATI co-operative_JJ H15 172 permanent_JJ building_NN society_NN H15 173 sends_VBZ out_RP an_AT interesting_JJ bulletin_NN about_IN the_ATI H15 173 price_NN of_IN houses_NNS on_IN which_WDTR H15 174 it_PP3 has_HVZ lent_VBN money_NN ._. ^ it_PP3 points_VBZ out_RP that_CS H15 174 the_ATI outstanding_JJ feature_NN of_IN the_ATI H15 175 property_NN market_NN during_IN 1960_CD was_BEDZ the_ATI marked_JJ H15 175 rise_NN in_IN the_ATI price_NN of_IN houses_NNS H15 176 in_IN the_ATI London_NP area_NN and_CC in_IN the_ATI home_NR H15 176 Counties_NPLS ._. H16 2 behind_IN clause_NN 1_CD1 there_EX is_BEZ the_ATI conception_NN H16 2 of_IN fairness_NN and_CC justice_NN H16 3 between_IN child_NN and_CC child_NN ._. ^ our_PP$ amendment_NN H16 3 merely_RB carries_VBZ this_DT conception_NN H16 4 of_IN justice_NN further_RBR ._. ^ we_PP1AS want_VB it_PP3 to_TO H16 4 obtain_VB between_IN non-graduates_NNS and_CC H16 5 non-graduates_NNS under_IN different_JJ local_JJ authorities_NNS ,_, H16 5 and_CC between_IN the_ATI H16 6 students_NNS who_WPR come_VB under_IN clause_NN 1_CD1 and_CC those_DTS H16 6 under_IN clause_NN 2_CD ._. H16 7 ^ this_DT underlines_VBZ what_WDT my_PP$ \0hon_NPT friend_NN the_ATI H16 7 member_NN for_IN Flint_NP ,_, East_NP H16 8 (_( \0Mrs_NPT White_NP )_) has_HVZ said_VBN about_IN grants_NNS ._. ^ H16 8 the_ATI Minister_NPT has_HVZ said_VBN nothing_PN H16 9 about_IN the_ATI incomes_NNS scale_NN on_IN which_WDTR grants_NNS H16 9 under_IN this_DT clause_NN are_BER to_TO be_BE H16 10 assessed_VBN ._. ^ surely_RB in_IN the_ATI grants_NNS made_VBN to_IN H16 10 students_NNS once_CS the_ATI local_JJ H16 11 authority_NN has_HVZ said_VBN they_PP3AS ought_MD to_TO pursue_VB H16 11 their_PP$ further_JJB education_NN ,_, there_EX H16 12 can_MD be_BE no_ATI defensible_JJ variations_NNS between_IN one_CD1 H16 12 local_JJ authority_NN and_CC H16 13 another_DT ._. ^ we_PP1AS used_VBD to_TO hear_VB talk_NN about_IN H16 13 major_JJ and_CC minor_JJ awards_NNS ,_, and_CC I_PP1A H16 14 thought_VBD we_PP1AS had_HVD wiped_VBN out_RP that_DT foolish_JJ H16 14 stratification_NN ._. ^ this_DT clause_NN if_CS H16 15 unamended_JJ permits_VBZ the_ATI widest_JJT variation_NN even_RB in_IN H16 15 the_ATI amount_NN of_IN grants_NNS ._. H16 16 ^ I_PP1A think_VB that_CS this_DT is_BEZ the_ATI most_QL important_JJ H16 16 point_NN which_WDTR has_HVZ so_QL far_RB H16 17 emerged_VBN in_IN this_DT debate_NN ,_, and_CC I_PP1A regret_VB that_CS H16 17 the_ATI parliamentary_JJ Secretary_NPT H16 18 has_HVZ said_VBN nothing_PN about_IN it_PP3 ._. H16 19 ^ I_PP1A have_HV often_RB had_HVN to_TO fight_VB a_AT battle_NN H16 19 for_IN a_AT student_NN who_WPR has_HVZ been_BEN H16 20 refused_VBN a_AT grant_NN by_IN a_AT local_JJ education_NN authority_NN H16 20 and_CC in_IN the_ATI best_JJT cases_NNS H16 21 both_ABX the_ATI local_JJ authority_NN and_CC myself_PPL have_HV H16 21 gone_VBN to_IN the_ATI Minister_NPT ._. ^ we_PP1AS H16 22 have_HV received_VBN advice_NN and_CC information_NN from_IN the_ATI H16 22 ministry_NN and_CC that_DT has_HVZ H16 23 meant_VBN usually_RB that_CS either_DTX the_ATI local_JJ authority_NN H16 23 has_HVZ accepted_VBN ministerial_JJ H16 24 advice_NN if_CS the_ATI authority_NN had_HVD been_BEN wrong_JJ or_CC H16 24 I_PP1A have_HV accepted_VBN it_PP3 if_CS I_PP1A was_BEDZ H16 25 wrong_JJ ._. ^ the_ATI ministry_NN is_BEZ in_IN a_AT position_NN to_TO H16 25 know_VB more_AP than_IN even_RB the_ATI best_JJT H16 26 local_JJ education_NN authority_NN ._. ^ that_DT is_BEZ the_ATI H16 26 pattern_NN we_PP1AS are_BER now_RN seeking_VBG to_TO H16 27 establish_VB in_IN legislation_NN ._. ^ under_IN the_ATI *'_*' H16 27 permissive_JJ **'_**' powers_NNS ,_, however_RB ,_, H16 28 in_IN the_ATI worst_JJT cases_NNS when_WRB the_ATI ministry_NN was_BEDZ H16 28 right_JJ and_CC the_ATI \0M.P_NPT was_BEDZ H16 29 right_JJ the_ATI local_JJ authority_NN could_MD still_RB dig_VB its_PP$ H16 29 heels_NNS in_RP and_CC say_VB that_CS H16 30 whatever_WDT the_ATI ministry_NN said_VBD it_PP3 was_BEDZ not_XNOT H16 30 going_VBG to_TO give_VB a_AT grant_NN ._. H16 31 ^ the_ATI Minister_NPT said_VBD there_EX are_BER practical_JJ H16 31 difficulties_NNS about_IN H16 32 implementing_VBG an_AT amendment_NN ,_, and_CC suggested_VBD it_PP3 H16 32 was_BEDZ not_XNOT possible_JJ to_TO H16 33 include_VB all_ABN the_ATI courses_NNS into_IN the_ATI regulations_NNS H16 33 ._. ^ nobody_PN would_MD wish_VB to_TO H16 34 write_VB in_IN the_ATI course_NN of_IN two_CD or_CC three_CD H16 34 lectures_NNS only_RB to_IN which_WDTR he_PP3A referred_VBD H16 35 and_CC behind_IN which_WDTR he_PP3A sheltered_VBD ._. ^ what_WDT H16 35 we_PP1AS envisage_VB in_IN clause_NN 2_CD is_BEZ the_ATI H16 36 same_AP pattern_NN as_CS in_IN clause_NN 1_CD1 where_WRB we_PP1AS H16 36 write_VB into_IN the_ATI regulations_NNS every_AT H16 37 criterion_NN ,_, everything_PN that_WPR is_BEZ possible_JJ to_TO H16 37 apply_VB nationally_RB ._. ^ most_AP of_IN H16 38 the_ATI courses_NNS that_WPR we_PP1AS are_BER talking_VBG about_IN H16 38 there_EX is_BEZ no_ATI difficulty_NN in_IN H16 39 defining_VBG and_CC no_ATI difficulty_NN in_RP putting_VBG in_IN H16 39 the_ATI regulations_NNS ._. H16 40 ^ on_IN top_IN" of_IN" that_DT ,_, clause_NN 1_CD1 (_( 4_CD )_) H16 40 says_VBZ :_: H16 41 ^ *'_*' without_IN prejudice_NN to_IN the_ATI duty_NN imposed_VBN H16 41 by_IN subsection_NN (_( 1_CD1 )_) of_IN this_DT H16 42 section_NN ,_, a_AT local_JJ education_NN authority_NN shall_MD have_HV H16 42 power_NN to_TO bestow_VB an_AT H16 43 award_NN on_IN any_DTI person_NN in_IN respect_NN of_IN his_PP$ H16 43 attendance_NN ..._... H16 44 ._. **'_**' ^ in_IN this_DT clause_NN ,_, too_RB ,_, we_PP1AS H16 44 would_MD write_VB in_RP such_ABL a_AT provision_NN ,_, and_CC H16 45 leave_VB with_IN the_ATI authority_NN the_ATI right_NN and_CC H16 45 privilege_NN of_IN being_BEG more_QL H16 46 generous_JJ than_IN the_ATI regulations_NNS ._. ^ what_WDT we_PP1AS H16 46 are_BER asking_VBG the_ATI Minister_NPT to_TO do_DO H16 47 is_BEZ to_TO set_VB out_RP in_IN regulations_NNS the_ATI many_AP H16 47 courses_NNS we_PP1AS know_VB about_IN which_WDTR have_HV H16 48 national_JJ status_NN and_CC those_DTS which_WDTR we_PP1AS might_MD H16 48 describe_VB as_CS having_HVG a_AT kind_NN of_IN H16 49 local_JJ national_JJ status_NN ._. ^ if_CS the_ATI student_NN is_BEZ H16 49 of_IN the_ATI right_JJ calibre_NN to_TO H16 50 pursue_VB a_AT course_NN ,_, which_WDTR the_ATI ministry_NN enacts_VBZ H16 50 is_BEZ a_AT worthwhile_JJ full-time_JJB H16 51 course_NN ,_, he_PP3A shall_MD receive_VB the_ATI same_AP justice_NN H16 51 from_IN Britain_NP whatever_WDT H16 52 authority_NN he_PP3A happens_VBZ to_TO have_HV been_BEN born_VBN H16 52 under_IN ._. H16 53 ^ 11.15_CD \0a.m_RB ._. H16 54 ^ the_ATI parliamentary_JJ Secretary_NPT said_VBD that_CS there_EX H16 54 was_BEDZ nothing_PN to_TO worry_VB H16 55 about_IN ,_, that_CS the_ATI government_NN had_HVD looked_VBN into_IN H16 55 the_ATI position_NN and_CC that_CS there_EX H16 56 were_BED no_ATI complaints_NNS ._. ^ whether_CS the_ATI Minister_NPT H16 56 is_BEZ aware_JJ of_IN it_PP3 or_CC not_XNOT ,_, the_ATI H16 57 whole_JJ case_NN for_IN the_ATI bill_NN is_BEZ that_CS there_EX has_HVZ H16 57 been_BEN a_AT sort_NN of_IN ground_NN swell_NN H16 58 of_IN complaints_NNS which_WDTR ,_, over_IN the_ATI years_NNS ,_, H16 58 have_HV become_VBN more_QL and_CC more_QL H16 59 insistent_JJ ._. ^ there_EX has_HVZ not_XNOT been_BEN justice_NN H16 59 between_IN student_NN and_CC student_NN ._. H16 60 ^ whatever_WDT is_BEZ true_JJ about_IN the_ATI university_NN H16 60 students_NNS with_IN whom_WPOR clause_NN 1_CD1 H16 61 deals_VBZ is_BEZ true_JJ about_IN the_ATI variety_NN of_IN other_AP H16 61 students_NNS with_IN whom_WPOR clause_NN 2_CD H16 62 deals_NNS ._. ^ what_WDT the_ATI \0hon_NPT gentleman_NN is_BEZ H16 62 asking_VBG us_PP1OS to_TO do_DO is_BEZ to_TO leave_VB H16 63 everybody_PN ,_, except_IN first_OD degree_NN students_NNS ,_, in_IN H16 63 exactly_RB the_ATI position_NN they_PP3AS H16 64 were_BED in_IN before_IN the_ATI bill_NN ._. ^ I_PP1A share_VB the_ATI H16 64 passionate_JJ view_NN on_IN this_DT that_CS my_PP$ H16 65 \0hon_NPT friend_NN the_ATI member_NN for_IN Flint_NP ,_, East_NP H16 65 showed_VBD in_IN her_PP$ speech_NN at_IN our_PP$ H16 66 last_AP meeting_NN ,_, and_CC I_PP1A hope_VB that_CS it_PP3 will_MD H16 66 be_BE possible_JJ for_IN the_ATI committee_NN ,_, H16 67 even_RB now_RN ,_, to_TO persuade_VB the_ATI parliamentary_JJ H16 67 Secretary_NPT to_TO change_VB his_PP$ mind_NN ._. H16 68 ^ \0Mrs_NPT Eirene_NP White_NP :_: ^ I_PP1A can_MD not_XNOT H16 68 understand_VB how_WRB the_ATI H16 69 parliamentary_JJ Secretary_NPT can_MD suppose_VB that_CS in_IN his_PP$ H16 69 answer_NN today_NR he_PP3A dealt_VBD H16 70 with_IN the_ATI matter_NN which_WDTR we_PP1AS have_HV raised_VBN ._. ^ H16 70 we_PP1AS are_BER here_RN dealing_VBG with_IN the_ATI H16 71 whole_JJ corpus_NN of_IN students_NNS other_AP than_IN those_DTS H16 71 going_VBG to_IN universities_NNS ,_, but_CC H16 72 all_ABN we_PP1AS have_HV had_HVN from_IN the_ATI parliamentary_JJ H16 72 Secretary_NPT has_HVZ been_BEN a_AP few_AP" H16 73 perfunctory_JJ remarks_NNS at_IN the_ATI beginning_NN of_IN our_PP$ H16 73 deliberations_NNS this_DT H16 74 morning_NN ._. H16 75 ^ that_DT means_VBZ that_CS one_CD1 has_HVZ to_TO go_VB back_RP H16 75 to_IN the_ATI beginning_NN and_CC spell_VB out_RP H16 76 for_IN the_ATI committee_NN what_WDT it_PP3 is_BEZ that_WPR we_PP1AS H16 76 are_BER really_RB discussing_VBG ._. ^ we_PP1AS can_MD not_XNOT H16 77 leave_VB the_ATI situation_NN like_IN this_DT ._. ^ I_PP1A want_VB H16 77 to_TO quote_VB a_AT paragraph_NN from_IN the_ATI H16 78 ministry_NN circular_NN 5/61_CD which_WDTR is_BEZ the_ATI present_JJ H16 78 practice_NN and_CC which_WDTR is_BEZ now_RN H16 79 being_BEG embodied_VBN in_IN statutory_JJ form_NN in_IN the_ATI bill_NN H16 79 ._. ^ paragraph_NN 9_CD says_VBZ :_: H16 80 ^ *'_*' applications_NNS for_IN awards_NNS for_IN university_NN H16 80 diploma_NN or_CC certificate_NN H16 81 courses_NNS ._. **'_**' H16 82 ^ this_DT gives_VBZ a_AT very_QL important_JJ group_NN of_IN H16 82 people_NNS H16 83 ._. ^ *'_*' non-graduates_NNS taking_VBG full-time_JJB university_NN H16 83 diploma_NN or_CC H16 84 certificate_NN courses_NNS lasting_VBG for_IN three_CD years_NNS or_CC H16 84 more_AP should_MD receive_VB H16 85 awards_NNS in_IN accordance_NN with_IN paragraph_NN 8_CD (_( a_ZZ )_) H16 85 above_RI ._. **'_**' H16 86 ^ that_DT is_BEZ ,_, roughly_RB in_IN the_ATI same_AP way_NN as_IN H16 86 those_DTS in_IN clause_NN 1_CD1 ._. H16 87 ^ *'_*' awards_NNS for_IN other_AP diploma_NN or_CC certificate_NN H16 87 courses_NNS should_MD be_BE H16 88 considered_VBN on_IN their_PP$ merits_NNS ._. **'_**' H16 89 ^ that_DT is_BEZ all_ABN that_WPR is_BEZ said_VBN in_IN the_ATI H16 89 circular_NN about_IN non-university_JJB and_CC H16 90 non-teacher_JJB training_NN college_NN students_NNS ._. ^ we_PP1AS H16 90 are_BER now_RN speaking_VBG of_IN people_NNS H16 91 who_WPR are_BER taking_VBG courses_NNS other_AP than_IN university_NN H16 91 degree_NN or_CC comparable_JJ to_IN H16 92 degree_NN courses_NNS ._. ^ this_DT is_BEZ a_AT very_QL important_JJ H16 92 group_NN which_WDTR the_ATI circular_NN H16 93 mentions_VBZ merely_RB by_IN saying_VBG that_CS their_PP$ cases_NNS H16 93 should_MD be_BE considered_VBN on_IN H16 94 their_PP$ merits_NNS ._. ^ there_EX is_BEZ no_ATI guidance_NN or_CC H16 94 direction_NN from_IN the_ATI Minister_NPT ._. H16 95 ^ in_IN addition_NN to_IN this_DT group_NN of_IN people_NNS who_WPR H16 95 go_VB to_IN universities_NNS and_CC H16 96 who_WPR take_VB ,_, for_IN example_NN ,_, a_AT social_JJ science_NN H16 96 diploma_NN ,_, which_WDTR is_BEZ normally_RB a_AT H16 97 two-year_JJB and_CC not_XNOT a_AT three-year_JJB course_NN ,_, or_CC H16 97 the_ATI diploma_NN of_IN public_JJ H16 98 administration_NN at_IN Oxford_NP ,_, which_WDTR is_BEZ also_RB a_AT H16 98 two-year_JJB and_CC not_XNOT a_AT H16 99 three-year_JJB course_NN ,_, there_EX are_BER tens_CDS and_CC H16 99 possibly_RB hundreds_CDS of_IN thousands_CDS H16 100 of_IN students_NNS taking_VBG full-time_JJB courses_NNS at_IN H16 100 technical_JJ colleges_NNS ._. ^ all_ABN those_DTS H16 101 are_BER being_BEG dismissed_VBN by_IN the_ATI Minister_NPT ._. H16 102 ^ if_CS \0hon_NPT members_NNS have_HV any_DTI doubts_NNS about_IN H16 102 this_DT ,_, I_PP1A refer_VB them_PP3OS to_IN the_ATI H16 103 present_JJ practice_NN ._. ^ my_PP$ \0hon_NPT friend_NN the_ATI H16 103 member_NN for_IN Southampton_NP ,_, H16 104 Itchen_NP (_( \0Dr_NPT King_NP )_) said_VBD he_PP3A thought_VBD that_CS H16 104 minor_JJ awards_NNS had_HVD been_BEN H16 105 abolished_VBN ._. ^ I_PP1A am_BEM sorry_JJ to_TO say_VB that_CS this_DT H16 105 is_BEZ not_XNOT so_PN ._. ^ certain_JJ local_JJ H16 106 authorities_NNS have_HV abolished_VBN minor_JJ awards_NNS for_IN H16 106 full-time_JJB education_NN ,_, but_CC H16 107 not_XNOT all_ABN ._. ^ London_NP County_NPL council_NN reached_VBD H16 107 the_ATI very_QL proper_JJ conclusion_NN H16 108 that_CS minor_JJ awards_NNS were_BED not_XNOT suitable_JJ for_IN H16 108 full-time_JJB students_NNS ._. H16 109 ^ the_ATI national_JJ union_NN of_IN students_NNS has_HVZ H16 109 investigated_VBN this_DT matter_NN ._. ^ as_CS H16 110 all_ABN \0hon_NPT members_NNS are_BER aware_JJ ,_, it_PP3 issues_VBZ H16 110 a_AT very_QL useful_JJ book_NN on_IN grants_NNS H16 111 to_IN students_NNS which_WDTR it_PP3 brings_VBZ up_RP to_IN date_NN H16 111 every_AT year_NN and_CC which_WDTR it_PP3 sends_VBZ H16 112 to_IN all_ABN education_NN authorities_NNS ,_, including_IN those_DTS H16 112 in_IN the_ATI Channel_NPL Islands_NPLS ,_, H16 113 and_CC the_ATI total_JJ number_NN of_IN which_WDTR is_BEZ 149_CD ._. ^ H16 113 the_ATI union_NN gets_VBZ replies_NNS from_IN H16 114 nearly_RB ,_, but_CC not_XNOT quite_RB ,_, all_ABN of_IN them_PP3OS ._. H16 114 ^ of_IN those_DTS who_WPR replied_VBD to_IN the_ATI H16 115 question_NN of_IN what_WDT awards_NNS were_BED given_VBN to_IN H16 115 full-time_JJB students_NNS over_IN the_ATI age_NN H16 116 of_IN 18_CD attending_VBG technical_JJ college_NN courses_NNS not_XNOT H16 116 of_IN degree_NN or_CC equivalent_JJ H16 117 status_NN *-_*- in_IN other_AP words_NNS the_ATI people_NNS with_IN H16 117 whom_WPOR clause_NN 2_CD deals_VBZ *-_*- the_ATI H16 118 union_NN got_VBD the_ATI following_JJ replies_NNS :_: 67_CD H16 118 authorities_NNS give_VB minor_JJ awards_NNS of_IN H16 119 varying_JJ value_NN and_CC assessment_NN ;_; 11_CD give_VB major_JJ H16 119 awards_NNS ;_; 13_CD give_VB major_JJ H16 120 awards_NNS dependent_JJ on_IN qualifications_NNS ;_; 10_CD base_VB H16 120 their_PP$ awards_NNS on_IN costs_NNS ;_; 11_CD H16 121 consider_VB each_DT case_NN on_IN its_PP$ merits_NNS ._. ^ certain_JJ H16 121 authorities_NNS *-_*- I_PP1A will_MD not_XNOT H16 122 shame_VB them_PP3OS by_IN naming_VBG them_PP3OS *-_*- give_VB no_ATI H16 122 awards_NNS at_IN all_ABN ._. ^ others_APS give_VB H16 123 assistance_NN only_RB with_IN travel_NN costs_NNS ._. ^ one_CD1 H16 123 authority_NN offers_VBZ what_WDT it_PP3 calls_VBZ H16 124 a_AT home_NR scholarship_NN for_IN the_ATI final_JJ year_NN of_IN H16 124 the_ATI student's_NN$ attendance_NN at_IN H16 125 the_ATI local_JJ college_NN ._. H16 126 ^ it_PP3 is_BEZ perfectly_RB plain_JJ from_IN that_DT that_CS H16 126 the_ATI practice_NN of_IN authorities_NNS H16 127 in_IN dealing_VBG with_IN students_NNS taking_VBG full-time_JJB H16 127 courses_NNS at_IN universities_NNS for_IN H16 128 less_AP than_IN three_CD years_NNS ,_, or_CC at_IN technical_JJ H16 128 colleges_NNS or_CC at_IN other_AP H16 129 institutions_NNS of_IN comparable_JJ standard_NN where_WRB the_ATI H16 129 student_NN is_BEZ 18_CD or_CC more_AP at_IN H16 130 the_ATI time_NN *-_*- and_CC let_VB us_PP1OS deal_VB only_RB with_IN H16 130 that_DT group_NN for_IN the_ATI moment_NN *-_*- H16 131 varies_VBZ very_QL widely_RB ._. ^ I_PP1A will_MD not_XNOT now_RN H16 131 deal_VB with_IN the_ATI little_JJ difficulty_NN ,_, H16 132 which_WDTR the_ATI parliamentary_JJ Secretary_NPT mentioned_VBD ,_, H16 132 about_IN the_ATI person_NN who_WPR goes_VBZ H16 133 for_IN only_RB a_AP few_AP" lectures_NNS ,_, or_CC who_WPR takes_VBZ H16 133 up_RP something_PN which_WDTR is_BEZ obviously_RB H16 134 a_AT hobby_NN ._. ^ I_PP1A am_BEM now_RN dealing_VBG with_IN those_DTS H16 134 taking_VBG full-time_JJB courses_NNS for_IN a_AT H16 135 considerable_JJ period_NN *-_*- say_VB ,_, a_AT minimum_NN of_IN H16 135 one_CD1 academic_JJ year_NN ._. ^ many_AP would_MD H16 136 be_BE taking_VBG courses_NNS for_IN two_CD years_NNS and_CC those_DTS H16 136 at_IN technical_JJ colleges_NNS H16 137 perhaps_RB for_IN much_RB longer_RBR ._. ^ those_DTS are_BER H16 137 full-time_JJB students_NNS pursuing_VBG H16 138 serious_JJ studies_NNS ._. H16 139 ^ the_ATI practice_NN among_IN authorities_NNS obviously_RB H16 139 varies_VBZ ,_, not_XNOT only_RB on_IN the_ATI H16 140 question_NN of_IN the_ATI parental_JJ means_NNS scale_NN ,_, with_IN H16 140 which_WDTR I_PP1A dealt_VBD fairly_RB H16 141 emphatically_RB last_AP week_NN and_CC which_WDTR the_ATI H16 141 parliamentary_JJ Secretary_NPT did_DOD not_XNOT H16 142 even_RB mention_VB ,_, not_XNOT only_RB in_IN the_ATI way_NN they_PP3AS H16 142 assess_VB parental_JJ incomes_NNS ,_, but_CC in_IN H16 143 the_ATI amounts_NNS which_WDTR they_PP3AS give_VB ._. H16 144 ^ I_PP1A have_HV with_IN me_PP1O information_NN which_WDTR has_HVZ H16 144 been_BEN collected_VBN by_IN the_ATI H16 145 national_JJ union_NN of_IN students_NNS and_CC I_PP1A will_MD quote_VB H16 145 a_AP few_AP" of_IN the_ATI replies_NNS which_WDTR H16 146 it_PP3 received_VBD last_AP year_NN ._. ^ this_DT concerns_VBZ H16 146 grants_NNS current_JJ in_IN the_ATI academic_JJ H16 147 year_NN 1961-62_CD-CD for_IN full-time_JJB students_NNS over_IN the_ATI H16 147 age_NN of_IN 18_CD and_CC attending_VBG H16 148 full-time_RB at_IN technical_JJ colleges_NNS ,_, taking_VBG courses_NNS H16 148 which_WDTR are_BER not_XNOT for_IN a_AT H16 149 degree_NN or_CC of_IN comparable_JJ status_NN ._. ^ these_DTS H16 149 figures_NNS may_MD be_BE subject_JJ to_IN some_DTI H16 150 parental_JJ means_NNS test_NN ,_, but_CC we_PP1AS are_BER not_XNOT H16 150 arguing_VBG about_IN that_DT at_IN the_ATI moment_NN ._. H16 151 ^ the_ATI maximum_JJ grant_NN which_WDTR an_AT authority_NN awards_NNS H16 151 to_IN students_NNS who_WPR qualify_VB H16 152 for_IN full_JJ grant_NN is_BEZ *+180_NNU ,_, plus_IN travel_NN ,_, H16 152 in_IN Kent_NP ;_; *+80_NNU in_IN Devon_NP ;_; *+125_NNU in_IN H16 153 West_NP Ham_NP ;_; *+115_NNU ,_, plus_IN travel_NN in_IN West_NP H16 153 Hartlepools_NP ;_; *+163_NNU in_IN H16 154 Warwickshire_NP ;_; there_EX is_BEZ no_ATI day_NN grant_NN in_IN H16 154 Pembrokeshire_NP if_CS the_ATI student_NN is_BEZ H16 155 living_VBG at_IN home_NR ,_, but_CC there_EX is_BEZ for_IN those_DTS H16 155 taking_VBG a_AT residential_JJ course_NN ;_; H16 156 the_ATI figure_NN is_BEZ *+120_NNU in_IN Cardiff_NP ._. ^ in_IN all_ABN H16 156 of_IN those_DTS cases_NNS tuition_NN fees_NNS H16 157 are_BER paid_VBN by_IN the_ATI authority_NN ,_, but_CC that_DT H16 157 practice_NN is_BEZ not_XNOT universal_JJ ._. ^ my_PP$ own_AP H16 158 authority_NN of_IN Flint_NP ,_, I_PP1A am_BEM sorry_JJ to_TO say_VB ,_, H16 158 does_DOZ not_XNOT pay_VB tuition_NN fees_NNS ._. ^ one_CD1 H16 159 has_HVZ to_TO apply_VB ,_, but_CC one_CD1 is_BEZ lucky_JJ if_CS one_CD1 H16 159 gets_VBZ tuition_NN fees_NNS paid_VBN ._. H16 160 ^ those_DTS taking_VBG full-time_JJB courses_NNS at_IN technical_JJ H16 160 colleges_NNS and_CC living_VBG H16 161 away_RP from_IN home_NR *-_*- and_CC this_DT happens_VBZ in_IN many_AP H16 161 parts_NNS of_IN the_ATI country_NN where_WRB H16 162 children_NNS from_IN rural_JJ areas_NNS have_HV to_TO go_VB into_IN H16 162 residence_NN *-_*- again_RB have_HV H16 163 fantastic_JJ discrepancies_NNS in_IN the_ATI amounts_NNS which_WDTR H16 163 their_PP$ authorities_NNS are_BER H16 164 prepared_VBN to_TO award_VB to_IN them_PP3OS ._. ^ for_IN the_ATI H16 164 same_AP group_NN of_IN authorities_NNS the_ATI H16 165 residential_JJ maxima_NNS are_BER :_: *+260_NNU in_IN Kent_NP ;_; H16 165 between_IN *+114_NNU and_CC *+180_NNU in_IN H16 166 Devon_NP ;_; *+185_NNU in_IN West_NP Ham_NP ;_; *+175_NNU plus_IN H16 166 travel_NN in_IN West_NP Hartlepools_NP ;_; *+218_NNU H16 167 in_IN Warwickshire_NP ;_; *+183_NNU in_IN Pembrokeshire_NP ;_; H16 167 *+210_NNU in_IN Cardiff_NP ._. H16 168 ^ what_WDT possible_JJ justice_NN is_BEZ there_EX in_IN having_HVG H16 168 all_ABN those_DTS full-time_JJB H16 169 students_NNS at_IN technical_JJ colleges_NNS treated_VBN like_IN H16 169 that_DT ?_? ^ what_WDT possible_JJ H16 170 defence_NN is_BEZ there_EX for_IN treating_VBG university_NN H16 170 students_NNS under_IN clause_NN 1_CD1 as_CS H16 171 they_PP3AS are_BER treated_VBN and_CC technical_JJ college_NN H16 171 students_NNS under_IN clause_NN 2_CD in_IN H16 172 another_DT way_NN ?_? ^ we_PP1AS may_MD have_HV something_PN to_TO H16 172 say_VB about_IN discretion_NN being_BEG H16 173 given_VBN for_IN part-time_JJB students_NNS ,_, or_CC for_IN those_DTS H16 173 taking_VBG what_WDT might_MD be_BE called_VBN H16 174 hobby_NN courses_NNS in_IN further_JJB education_NN establishments_NNS H16 174 ,_, but_CC there_EX is_BEZ no_ATI H16 175 conceivable_JJ ground_NN on_IN which_WDTR the_ATI Minister_NPT can_MD H16 175 argue_VB that_CS he_PP3A can_MD do_DO for_IN H16 176 university_NN students_NNS what_WDT he_PP3A is_BEZ proposing_VBG to_TO H16 176 do_DO while_CS refusing_VBG to_TO do_DO it_PP3 H16 177 for_IN full-time_JJB technical_JJ college_NN students_NNS ,_, or_CC H16 177 university_NN students_NNS H16 178 taking_VBG a_AT course_NN of_IN less_AP than_IN three_CD years'_NNS$ H16 178 duration_NN ._. H16 179 ^ the_ATI parliamentary_JJ Secretary_NPT has_HVZ only_RB one_CD1 H16 179 excuse_NN and_CC it_PP3 is_BEZ that_CS he_PP3A H16 180 is_BEZ afraid_JJ to_TO pay_VB the_ATI cost_NN ._. ^ as_CS he_PP3A H16 180 well_RB knows_VBZ we_PP1AS have_HV had_HVN a_AT letter_NN from_IN H16 181 local_JJ authorities_NNS saying_VBG that_CS by_IN clause_NN 1_CD1 H16 181 they_PP3AS are_BER being_BEG made_VBN H16 182 virtually_RB the_ATI Minister's_NPT$ agents_NNS and_CC that_CS H16 182 their_PP$ discretion_NN is_BEZ being_BEG so_QL H16 183 much_RB diminished_VBN that_CS in_IN effect_NN they_PP3AS will_MD H16 183 simply_RB administer_VB a_AT national_JJ H16 184 service_NN and_CC the_ATI total_JJ expenditure_NN in_IN those_DTS H16 184 circumstances_NNS ought_MD to_TO be_BE a_AT H16 185 national_JJ charge_NN and_CC not_XNOT paid_VBN out_RP of_IN the_ATI H16 185 rates_NNS ._. H17 2 they_PP3AS had_HVD great_JJ hopes_NNS ,_, and_CC as_CS the_ATI H17 2 years_NNS have_HV gone_VBN by_RP they_PP3AS have_HV had_HVN a_AT H17 3 certain_JJ feeling_NN of_IN disappointment_NN ._. ^ I_PP1A shall_MD H17 3 touch_VB upon_IN some_DTI of_IN the_ATI H17 4 reasons_NNS for_IN that_DT disappointment_NN and_CC enquire_VB what_WDT H17 4 we_PP1AS should_MD do_DO to_TO make_VB H17 5 improvement_NN in_IN the_ATI general_JJ conduct_NN of_IN this_DT H17 5 branch_NN of_IN our_PP$ affairs_NNS ._. H17 6 ^ the_ATI noble_JJ Lord_NPT ,_, Lord_NPT Strang_NP ,_, has_HVZ H17 6 done_VBN splendid_JJ work_NN *-_*- and_CC I_PP1A H17 7 gladly_RB add_VB my_PP$ tribute_NN to_IN those_DTS paid_VBN by_IN H17 7 others_APS *-_*- as_IN Chairman_NPT for_IN so_QL H17 8 long_RB of_IN the_ATI national_JJ parks_NNS commission_NN ;_; and_CC H17 8 he_PP3A has_HVZ had_HVN a_AT hard_JJ row_NN to_TO H17 9 hoe_VB ._. ^ he_PP3A has_HVZ done_VBN that_DT in_IN those_DTS H17 9 intervals_NNS allowed_VBN to_IN him_PP3O while_CS H17 10 composing_VBG his_PP$ important_JJ work_NN ,_, recently_RB H17 10 published_VBN ,_, which_WDTR I_PP1A confess_VB I_PP1A H17 11 have_HV not_XNOT yet_CC read_VBN ,_, but_CC fully_RB intend_VB to_TO H17 11 read_VB ,_, laying_VBG out_RP the_ATI historical_JJ H17 12 permanence_NN of_IN British_JNP foreign_JJ policy_NN over_IN a_AT H17 12 long_JJ period_NN ._. ^ in_IN addition_NN H17 13 to_IN all_ABN that_DT scholarly_JJ use_NN of_IN his_PP$ leisure_NN H17 13 he_PP3A has_HVZ found_VBN time_NN for_IN the_ATI H17 14 daily_JJ handling_NN of_IN the_ATI problems_NNS of_IN our_PP$ H17 14 national_JJ parks_NNS ,_, and_CC I_PP1A am_BEM sure_JJ H17 15 that_CS we_PP1AS are_BER all_ABN grateful_JJ to_IN him_PP3O ._. ^ as_CS H17 15 has_HVZ been_BEN said_VBN by_IN my_PP$ noble_JJ friend_NN H17 16 beside_IN me_PP1O ,_, the_ATI noble_JJ Lord_NPT ,_, Lord_NPT Strang_NP H17 16 ,_, has_HVZ had_HVN some_DTI splendid_JJ H17 17 colleagues_NNS ._. ^ my_PP$ noble_JJ friend_NN Lord_NPT Lawson_NP ,_, H17 17 whose_WP$R political_JJ life_NN was_BEDZ H17 18 much_RB intertwined_VBN with_IN mine_NN ,_, asks_VBZ me_PP1O to_TO H17 18 say_VB that_CS he_PP3A is_BEZ very_QL sorry_JJ he_PP3A H17 19 can_MD not_XNOT be_BE here_RN to-day_NR to_TO listen_VB to_IN ,_, H17 19 and_CC take_VB part_NN in_IN ,_, our_PP$ debate_NN ._. ^ the_ATI H17 20 reason_NN is_BEZ his_PP$ wife's_NN$ ill-health_NN ,_, and_CC I_PP1A H17 20 am_BEM sure_JJ the_ATI sympathy_NN of_IN all_ABN of_IN H17 21 us_PP1OS will_MD go_VB out_RP to_IN both_ABX of_IN them_PP3OS ._. H17 22 ^ my_PP$ noble_JJ friend_NN Lord_NPT Lawson_NP acted_VBD as_IN H17 22 deputy_NN Chairman_NPT of_IN the_ATI H17 23 national_JJ parks_NNS commission_NN in_IN the_ATI early_JJ years_NNS H17 23 ,_, and_CC I_PP1A remember_VB that_CS some_DTI H17 24 of_IN us_PP1OS thought_VBD it_PP3 a_AT good_JJ tactical_JJ move_NN H17 24 to_TO have_HV an_AT ex-Secretary_NPT of_IN state_NN H17 25 for_IN war_NN in_IN that_DT important_JJ position_NN ;_; because_CS H17 25 we_PP1AS felt_VBD it_PP3 might_MD be_BE H17 26 possible_JJ for_IN him_PP3O to_TO chase_VB away_RP generals_NNS from_IN H17 26 certain_JJ areas_NNS of_IN which_WDTR I_PP1A H17 27 am_BEM thinking_VBG ,_, in_IN County_NPL Durham_NP and_CC Teesdale_NP H17 27 where_WRB ,_, it_PP3 seemed_VBD to_IN us_PP1OS *-_*- H17 28 and_CC this_DT was_BEDZ apprehended_VBN elsewhere_RB *-_*- that_CS H17 28 they_PP3AS had_HVD requisitioned_VBN H17 29 rather_RB more_AP land_NN for_IN use_NN as_IN artillery_NN ranges_NNS H17 29 than_CS was_BEDZ reasonably_RB H17 30 justifiable_JJ ._. ^ indeed_RB ,_, there_EX were_BED rumours_NNS at_IN H17 30 that_DT time_NN ,_, in_IN that_DT area_NN on_IN H17 31 the_ATI Pennine_NP Way_NPL ,_, that_CS there_EX might_MD be_BE a_AT H17 31 clash_NN between_IN the_ATI troops_NNS and_CC H17 32 the_ATI embattled_JJ contingents_NNS of_IN ramblers_NNS from_IN H17 32 Durham_NP and_CC Yorkshire_NP ._. ^ but_CC H17 33 all_ABN that_DT was_BEDZ avoided_VBN ,_, and_CC I_PP1A believe_VB H17 33 that_CS the_ATI diplomatic_JJ gifts_NNS as_CC well_CC" H17 34 as_CC" the_ATI military_JJ experience_NN of_IN my_PP$ noble_JJ H17 34 friend_NN Lord_NPT Lawson_NP contributed_VBD H17 35 both_ABX to_IN the_ATI maintenance_NN of_IN order_NN and_CC good_JJ H17 35 will_NN and_CC to_IN the_ATI opening_NN of_IN H17 36 the_ATI Pennine_NP Way_NPL throughout_IN its_PP$ length_NN ,_, H17 36 which_WDTR was_BEDZ something_PN we_PP1AS were_BED H17 37 then_RN very_QL keen_JJ should_MD be_BE done_VBN ._. H17 38 ^ may_MD I_PP1A say_VB a_AT word_NN or_CC two_CD now_RN on_IN H17 38 some_DTI of_IN the_ATI points_NNS which_WDTR arise_VB out_RP H17 39 of_IN the_ATI work_NN of_IN the_ATI national_JJ parks_NNS commission_NN H17 39 ?_? ^ to_IN some_DTI extent_NN I_PP1A shall_MD H17 40 be_BE touching_VBG on_IN points_NNS already_RB made_VBN by_IN H17 40 previous_JJ speakers_NNS ;_; but_CC the_ATI first_OD H17 41 and_CC primary_JJ point_NN is_BEZ ,_, of_RB course_RB" ,_, finance_NN H17 41 ._. ^ the_ATI national_JJ parks_NNS H17 42 commission_NN have_HV been_BEN left_VBN practically_RB destitute_JJ H17 42 by_IN the_ATI Treasury_NP under_IN H17 43 successive_JJ governments_NNS ,_, and_CC I_PP1A agree_VB very_QL H17 43 much_RB with_IN what_WDT was_BEDZ said_VBN in_IN H17 44 some_DTI detail_NN by_IN the_ATI noble_JJ Earl_NPT who_WPR preceded_VBD H17 44 me_PP1O ._. ^ we_PP1AS thought_VBD (_( and_CC I_PP1A am_BEM H17 45 one_CD1 of_IN those_DTS who_WPR were_BED thinking_VBG ,_, talking_VBG H17 45 and_CC planning_VBG how_WRB all_ABN this_DT H17 46 should_MD be_BE organised_VBN )_) that_CS the_ATI national_JJ parks_NNS H17 46 commission_NN were_BED a_AT H17 47 sufficiently_RB important_JJ body_NN ,_, endowed_VBN with_IN H17 47 sufficiently_RB important_JJ H17 48 powers_NNS ,_, to_TO deserve_VB to_TO receive_VB a_AT direct_JJ H17 48 annual_JJ grant_NN from_IN the_ATI Treasury_NP ,_, H17 49 to_TO be_BE administered_VBN by_IN the_ATI Chairman_NPT of_IN the_ATI H17 49 commission_NN and_CC his_PP$ H17 50 colleagues_NNS in_IN accordance_NN with_IN the_ATI requirements_NNS H17 50 of_IN the_ATI act_NN ;_; and_CC it_PP3 was_BEDZ H17 51 very_QL disappointing_JJ to_TO find_VB that_CS the_ATI Hobhouse_NP H17 51 committee_NN ,_, to_IN which_WDTR the_ATI H17 52 noble_JJ Earl_NPT referred_VBD in_IN detail_NN ,_, fully_RB agreed_VBD H17 52 about_IN not_XNOT naming_VBG any_DTI H17 53 special_JJ figure_NN ._. ^ the_ATI figure_NN need_MD not_XNOT be_BE H17 53 a_AT large_JJ one_CD1 but_CC a_AT direct_JJ H17 54 annual_JJ grant_NN from_IN the_ATI Treasury_NP would_MD help_VB a_AT H17 54 great_JJ deal_NN ._. H17 55 ^ I_PP1A am_BEM quite_RB sure_JJ that_CS ,_, so_QL long_RB as_CS H17 55 such_ABL a_AT grant_NN is_BEZ lacking_JJ ,_, the_ATI H17 56 framework_NN at_IN the_ATI foundation_NN will_MD not_XNOT be_BE H17 56 right_JJ ._. ^ therefore_RB I_PP1A hope_VB that_CS H17 57 before_IN long_RB the_ATI present_JJ Minister_NPT of_IN housing_NN H17 57 and_CC local_JJ government_NN who_WPR ,_, H17 58 as_CS we_PP1AS have_HV heard_VBN ,_, will_MD be_BE receiving_VBG H17 58 many_AP recommendations_NNS ,_, will_MD settle_VB H17 59 this_DT point_NN ,_, in_RB particular_RB" ,_, so_CS that_CS" the_ATI H17 59 noble_JJ Lord_NPT ,_, Lord_NPT Strang_NP ,_, and_CC H17 60 his_PP$ successors_NNS will_MD have_HV something_PN to_TO distribute_VB H17 60 ,_, at_IN their_PP$ discretion_NN H17 61 and_CC ,_, as_CS the_ATI noble_JJ Earl_NPT suggested_VBD ,_, between_IN H17 61 different_JJ national_JJ park_NN H17 62 areas_NNS ._. ^ I_PP1A think_VB this_DT a_AT very_QL important_JJ H17 62 though_CS essentially_RB a_AT simple_JJ H17 63 matter_NN ._. ^ I_PP1A once_RB threw_VBD out_RP a_AT hint_NN which_WDTR H17 63 has_HVZ occasionally_RB troubled_VBN the_ATI H17 64 waters_NNS since_RI ._. ^ in_IN my_PP$ budget_NN speech_NN of_IN H17 64 1946_CD ,_, when_WRB I_PP1A was_BEDZ Chancellor_NPT of_IN H17 65 the_ATI exchequer_NN (_( though_CS we_PP1AS had_HVD no_ATI national_JJ H17 65 parks_NNS at_IN that_DT time_NN ,_, for_CS it_PP3 H17 66 was_BEDZ more_AP than_IN three_CD years_NNS before_CS the_ATI act_NN H17 66 was_BEDZ passed_VBN )_) ,_, I_PP1A spoke_VBD well_RB of_IN H17 67 national_JJ parks_NNS ,_, as_CS I_PP1A have_HV done_VBN on_IN other_AP H17 67 occasions_NNS ._. ^ I_PP1A threw_VBD out_RP a_AT hint_NN H17 68 (_( my_PP$ idea_NN would_MD have_HV required_VBN further_JJB H17 68 legislation_NN ,_, which_WDTR in_IN the_ATI result_NN H17 69 was_BEDZ not_XNOT forthcoming_JJ )_) that_CS some_DTI financial_JJ H17 69 assistance_NN might_MD be_BE given_VBN H17 70 from_IN the_ATI national_JJ land_NN fund_NN ,_, which_WDTR was_BEDZ H17 70 set_VBN up_RP in_IN that_DT year_NN ,_, to_IN H17 71 national_JJ parks_NNS ._. ^ I_PP1A had_HVD in_IN mind_NN a_AT H17 71 certain_JJ once-for-all_JJB contribution_NN of_IN H17 72 a_AT capital_NN nature_NN that_WPR might_MD probably_RB be_BE made_VBN H17 72 ._. ^ but_CC all_ABN that_DT ,_, I_PP1A regret_VB H17 73 to_TO say_VB ,_, came_VBD to_IN nothing_PN ._. ^ although_CS H17 73 enthusiasts_NNS of_IN national_JJ parks_NNS in_IN H17 74 another_DT place_NN ,_, and_CC perhaps_RB here_RN too_RB ,_, have_HV H17 74 from_IN time_NN to_IN time_NN returned_VBN H17 75 to_IN that_DT charge_NN ,_, I_PP1A regret_VB to_TO say_VB that_CS H17 75 neither_DTX from_IN that_DT source_NN nor_CC from_IN H17 76 any_DTI other_AP so_QL far_RB have_HV national_JJ parks_NNS been_BEN H17 76 reasonably_RB financed_VBN ._. ^ this_DT H17 77 is_BEZ so_QL simple_JJ a_AT point_NN that_CS I_PP1A hope_VB very_QL H17 77 much_RB that_CS this_DT defect_NN may_MD soon_RB H17 78 be_BE remedied_VBN ._. H17 79 ^ I_PP1A wish_VB now_RN to_TO say_VB a_AT word_NN about_IN the_ATI H17 79 long-distance_JJB routes_NNS ._. ^ when_WRB I_PP1A H17 80 was_BEDZ younger_JJR I_PP1A used_VBD to_TO be_BE what_WDT is_BEZ now_RN H17 80 called_VBN a_AT keen_JJ *'_*' hiker_NN **'_**' ._. ^ I_PP1A like_VB H17 81 walking_VBG considerable_JJ distances_NNS in_IN beautiful_JJ country_NN H17 81 and_CC in_IN agreeable_JJ H17 82 company_NN ,_, and_CC I_PP1A was_BEDZ very_QL keen_JJ on_IN this_DT H17 82 concept_NN of_IN the_ATI long-distance_JJB H17 83 routes_NNS ._. ^ they_PP3AS began_VBD ,_, as_CS your_PP$ lordships_NNS H17 83 know_VB ,_, with_IN the_ATI Pennine_NP Way_NPL ,_, H17 84 which_WDTR happened_VBD to_TO run_VB right_RB through_IN the_ATI H17 84 constituency_NN I_PP1A then_RN had_HVD the_ATI H17 85 honour_NN to_TO represent_VB ,_, and_CC also_RB through_IN a_AT very_QL H17 85 beautiful_JJ area_NN full_JJ of_IN H17 86 wild_JJ fell_NN country_NN and_CC many_AP lovely_JJ waterfalls_NNS H17 86 and_CC other_AP natural_JJ H17 87 beauties_NNS ._. ^ it_PP3 is_BEZ a_AT matter_NN of_IN regret_NN *-_*- H17 87 and_CC those_DTS are_BER the_ATI actual_JJ words_NNS H17 88 of_IN the_ATI commission_NN themselves_PPLS ,_, and_CC I_PP1A think_VB H17 88 a_AT very_QL moderate_JJ form_NN of_IN H17 89 words_NNS *-_*- that_CS those_DTS routes_NNS are_BER not_XNOT yet_RB H17 89 completely_RB open_JJ ._. H17 90 ^ after_IN the_ATI approval_NN ,_, if_CS I_PP1A remember_VB the_ATI H17 90 figure_NN rightly_RB ,_, of_IN some_DTI H17 91 seven_CD proposed_JJ long-distance_JJB routes_NNS (_( it_PP3 was_BEDZ H17 91 six_CD or_CC seven_CD ,_, or_CC something_PN H17 92 of_IN that_DT order_NN )_) ,_, which_WDTR meant_VBD a_AT great_JJ H17 92 deal_NN of_IN hard_JJ work_NN for_IN the_ATI H17 93 commission_NN and_CC in_IN surveying_VBG on_IN the_ATI spot_NN ,_, H17 93 even_RB now_RN ,_, more_AP than_IN ten_CD years_NNS H17 94 after_CS this_DT work_NN began_VBD ,_, none_PN of_IN these_DTS H17 94 long-distance_JJB routes_NNS is_BEZ yet_RB H17 95 completely_RB open_JJ to_IN walkers_NNS or_CC to_IN horsemen_NNS in_IN H17 95 these_DTS beautiful_JJ areas_NNS ._. ^ I_PP1A H17 96 understand_VB that_CS the_ATI reason_NN for_IN this_DT very_QL slow_JJ H17 96 advance_NN is_BEZ simple_JJ :_: it_PP3 is_BEZ H17 97 that_CS there_EX are_BER no_ATI effective_JJ powers_NNS vested_VBN H17 97 in_IN the_ATI commission_NN for_IN H17 98 compulsory_JJ purchase_NN ,_, where_WRB necessary_JJ ,_, of_IN H17 98 rights_NNS of_IN way_NN or_CC rights_NNS of_IN H17 99 access_NN at_IN given_JJ points_NNS along_IN these_DTS routes_NNS H17 99 where_WRB access_NN and_CC rights_NNS of_IN H17 100 way_NN do_DO not_XNOT now_RN exist_VB ._. H17 101 ^ I_PP1A understand_VB that_CS there_EX is_BEZ a_AT lot_NN of_IN H17 101 detail_NN that_WPR could_MD be_BE talked_VBN H17 102 about_IN here_RN *-_*- I_PP1A am_BEM not_XNOT going_VBG to_TO talk_VB H17 102 about_IN it_PP3 *-_*- concerning_IN the_ATI relative_JJ H17 103 powers_NNS of_IN different_JJ local_JJ authorities_NNS and_CC H17 103 whether_CS the_ATI commission_NN H17 104 should_MD have_HV such_ABL powers_NNS vested_VBN in_IN them_PP3OS ,_, H17 104 or_CC whether_CS they_PP3AS should_MD be_BE H17 105 distributed_VBN among_IN various_JJ local_JJ authorities_NNS ._. ^ H17 105 on_IN that_DT matter_NN I_PP1A do_DO not_XNOT H17 106 express_VB an_AT opinion_NN ._. ^ I_PP1A merely_RB say_VB that_CS H17 106 the_ATI remedy_NN should_MD be_BE very_QL H17 107 simple_JJ ,_, and_CC it_PP3 can_MD be_BE covered_VBN ,_, I_PP1A H17 107 think_VB ,_, by_IN the_ATI general_JJ formula_NN used_VBN H17 108 just_RB now_RN :_: there_EX should_MD be_BE effective_JJ powers_NNS H17 108 of_IN compulsory_JJ purchase_NN H17 109 operated_VBN under_IN the_ATI authority_NN of_IN the_ATI commission_NN H17 109 in_IN all_ABN cases_NNS where_WRB we_PP1AS H17 110 still_RB have_HV not_XNOT cleared_VBN the_ATI road_NN ,_, whether_CS H17 110 along_IN the_ATI Pennine_NP Way_NPL or_CC H17 111 Offa's_NP$ Dyke_NPL or_CC any_DTI of_IN these_DTS long-distance_JJB H17 111 routes_NNS ._. ^ I_PP1A am_BEM sure_JJ that_CS H17 112 there_EX are_BER great_JJ numbers_NNS of_IN the_ATI younger_JJR and_CC H17 112 healthier_JJR and_CC fitter_NN H17 113 citizens_NNS of_IN this_DT country_NN who_WPR would_MD appreciate_VB H17 113 very_QL much_RB the_ATI H17 114 opportunity_NN of_IN extending_VBG their_PP$ journeys_NNS by_IN foot_NN H17 114 or_CC on_IN horseback_NN *-_*- H17 115 because_CS these_DTS routes_NNS are_BER for_IN riders_NNS on_IN H17 115 horseback_NN ,_, too_RB *-_*- along_IN the_ATI H17 116 bridle_NN paths_NNS and_CC quiet_JJ ways_NNS and_CC well_RB away_RP H17 116 from_IN roads_NNS heavily_RB crowded_JJ H17 117 with_IN motor_NN and_CC other_AP vehicles_NNS ._. ^ I_PP1A hope_VB H17 117 that_CS here_RN ,_, too_RB ,_, early_JJ action_NN H17 118 can_MD be_BE taken_VBN to_TO amend_VB the_ATI law_NN in_IN this_DT H17 118 regard_NN and_CC give_VB the_ATI commission_NN H17 119 power_NN to_TO carry_VB out_RP what_WDT was_BEDZ always_RB regarded_VBN H17 119 as_IN a_AT central_JJ and_CC essential_JJ H17 120 part_NN of_IN their_PP$ mandate_NN ._. H17 121 ^ it_PP3 is_BEZ sometimes_RB said_VBN *-_*- indeed_RB ,_, the_ATI H17 121 noble_JJ Lord_NPT ,_, Lord_NPT Strang_NP ,_, H17 122 himself_PPL said_VBD it_PP3 in_IN a_AT speech_NN which_WDTR was_BEDZ H17 122 quite_RB properly_RB publicised_VBN in_IN the_ATI H17 123 report_NN of_IN the_ATI commission_NN *-_*- that_CS there_EX is_BEZ H17 123 perhaps_RB a_AT certain_JJ conflict_NN in_IN H17 124 the_ATI act_NN setting_VBG up_RP the_ATI commission_NN :_: two_CD H17 124 conflicting_JJ aims_NNS ._. ^ it_PP3 is_BEZ often_RB H17 125 said_VBN that_CS the_ATI duty_NN of_IN the_ATI commission_NN is_BEZ ,_, H17 125 on_IN the_ATI one_CD1 hand_NN ,_, to_TO preserve_VB H17 126 and_CC enhance_VB natural_JJ beauty_NN ,_, and_CC on_IN the_ATI H17 126 other_AP ,_, to_TO provide_VB and_CC improve_VB H17 127 facilities_NNS for_IN public_JJ enjoyment_NN of_IN the_ATI parks_NNS H17 127 ._. ^ I_PP1A do_DO not_XNOT myself_PPL believe_VB H17 128 that_CS there_EX is_BEZ any_DTI serious_JJ or_CC deep_JJ conflict_NN H17 128 there_RN ._. ^ I_PP1A think_VB we_PP1AS can_MD H17 129 achieve_VB both_ABX aims_NNS by_IN an_AT application_NN of_IN H17 129 reasonable_JJ give_NN and_CC take_NN and_CC ,_, H17 130 where_WRB necessary_JJ ,_, consultation_NN ._. ^ I_PP1A will_MD H17 130 touch_VB upon_IN that_DT point_NN again_RB in_IN H17 131 a_AT moment_NN ._. H17 132 ^ I_PP1A will_MD say_VB ,_, first_RB ,_, a_AT word_NN (_( this_DT H17 132 point_NN has_HVZ been_BEN mentioned_VBN before_RI )_) H17 133 about_IN the_ATI first_OD aim_NN :_: the_ATI preservation_NN and_CC H17 133 enhancement_NN of_IN natural_JJ H17 134 beauty_NN ._. ^ I_PP1A am_BEM glad_JJ to_TO hear_VB it_PP3 said_VBN H17 134 *-_*- and_CC I_PP1A have_HV no_ATI reason_NN to_TO doubt_VB the_ATI H17 135 truth_NN of_IN what_WDT is_BEZ said_VBN *-_*- that_CS there_EX is_BEZ H17 135 here_RN no_ATI real_JJ conflict_NN between_IN H17 136 the_ATI forestry_NN commission_NN ,_, of_IN which_WDTR I_PP1A have_HV H17 136 been_BEN for_IN many_AP years_NNS a_AT strong_JJ H17 137 supporter_NN ,_, and_CC others_APS ._. ^ I_PP1A think_VB that_CS H17 137 the_ATI forestry_NN commission_NN have_HV done_VBN H17 138 a_AT grand_JJ job_NN which_WDTR was_BEDZ never_RB done_VBN until_CS H17 138 they_PP3AS were_BED set_VBN up_RP ,_, but_CC I_PP1A will_MD H17 139 not_XNOT develop_VB that_DT point_NN now_RN ,_, although_CS on_IN H17 139 another_DT occasion_NN I_PP1A may_MD be_BE H17 140 tempted_VBN to_TO ._. ^ but_CC there_EX has_HVZ ,_, I_PP1A think_VB ,_, H17 140 occasionally_RB been_BEN a_AP little_AP" H17 141 potential_JJ ill-will_NN between_IN the_ATI forestry_NN commission_NN H17 141 and_CC those_DTS H17 142 associated_VBN with_IN the_ATI open_JJ air_NN societies_NNS and_CC H17 142 the_ATI national_JJ parks_NNS ._. ^ there_EX H17 143 has_HVZ been_BEN a_AT certain_JJ emotion_NN in_IN the_ATI background_NN H17 143 about_IN cone-bearing_JJ trees_NNS ;_; H17 144 and_CC I_PP1A will_MD return_VB to_IN that_DT in_IN a_AT moment_NN ._. H17 145 ^ I_PP1A am_BEM very_QL glad_JJ to_TO hear_VB ,_, however_RB ,_, H17 145 that_CS ,_, in_IN terms_NNS of_IN practical_JJ H17 146 politics_NN now_RN (_( my_PP$ noble_JJ friend_NN said_VBD so_PN and_CC H17 146 I_PP1A think_VB that_CS the_ATI noble_JJ Earl_NPT H17 147 also_RB repeated_VBD it_PP3 )_) ,_, consultation_NN proceeds_VBZ H17 147 agreeably_RB between_IN the_ATI various_JJ H17 148 interests_NNS concerned_VBN :_: the_ATI park_NN authorities_NNS ,_, H17 148 whether_CS the_ATI central_JJ parks_NNS H17 149 commission_NN or_CC the_ATI planning_NN authorities_NNS for_IN H17 149 particular_JJ parks_NNS ,_, with_IN the_ATI H17 150 forestry_NN commission_NN and_CC also_RB with_IN timber_NN growers_NNS H17 150 and_CC the_ATI landowners'_NNS$ H17 151 association_NN ._. ^ there_EX are_BER three_CD or_CC four_CD bodies_NNS H17 151 concerned_VBN ._. ^ I_PP1A am_BEM H17 152 delighted_JJ to_TO hear_VB that_CS these_DTS bodies_NNS are_BER H17 152 getting_VBG on_RP well_RB together_RB and_CC H17 153 can_MD settle_VB agreeably_RB any_DTI disputes_NNS that_WPR arise_VB H17 153 with_IN regard_NN to_IN the_ATI H17 154 general_JJ problem_NN of_IN the_ATI preservation_NN and_CC H17 154 enhancement_NN of_IN natural_JJ beauty_NN ,_, H17 155 with_IN particular_JJ reference_NN to_IN all_ABN this_DT debatable_JJ H17 155 afforestation_NN ._. H17 156 ^ I_PP1A will_MD say_VB a_AT word_NN or_CC two_CD ,_, but_CC H17 156 not_XNOT more_AP ,_, about_IN afforestation_NN ._. ^ I_PP1A H17 157 am_BEM a_AT great_JJ devotee_NN of_IN afforestation_NN ,_, and_CC H17 157 I_PP1A often_RB recall_VB the_ATI great_JJ H17 158 saying_NN of_IN Robert_NP Louis_NP Stevenson_NP ,_, that_CS trees_NNS H17 158 are_BER the_ATI most_QL civil_JJ H17 159 society_NN ._. ^ in_IN many_AP moods_NNS and_CC in_IN many_AP H17 159 places_NNS that_CS great_JJ thought_NN is_BEZ borne_VBN H17 160 in_RP upon_IN me_PP1O ._. ^ I_PP1A personally_RB have_HV had_HVN H17 160 great_JJ pleasure_NN through_IN my_PP$ life_NN in_IN H17 161 passing_VBG very_QL happy_JJ hours_NNS and_CC days_NNS among_IN H17 161 beautiful_JJ woodlands_NNS and_CC trees_NNS ,_, H17 162 both_ABX in_IN this_DT country_NN and_CC overseas_RB ._. ^ but_CC H17 162 Robert_NP Louis_NP Stevenson_NP did_DOD not_XNOT H17 163 discriminate_VB ._. ^ he_PP3A said_VBD ,_, *'_*' trees_NNS **'_**' H17 163 and_CC he_PP3A made_VBD no_ATI qualification_NN or_CC H17 164 classification_NN ._. ^ trees_NNS ,_, he_PP3A said_VBD ,_, are_BER H17 164 the_ATI most_QL civil_JJ society_NN ._. ^ he_PP3A did_DOD H17 165 not_XNOT say_VB ,_, ~ *'_*' trees_NNS other_AP than_IN whatever_WDT H17 165 it_PP3 may_MD be_BE you_PP2 are_BER suspicious_JJ of_IN H17 166 when_WRB you_PP2 see_VB it_PP3 growing_VBG **'_**' ;_; he_PP3A did_DOD H17 166 not_XNOT say_VB ,_, ~ *'_*' all_ABN trees_NNS other_AP than_IN H17 167 conifers_NNS ._. **'_**' H17 168 ^ I_PP1A am_BEM always_RB recalling_VBG that_CS when_WRB I_PP1A H17 168 was_BEDZ a_AT little_JJ boy_NN I_PP1A learnt_VBD that_CS H17 169 to_TO plant_VB a_AT tree_NN and_CC ,_, still_RB more_RBR ,_, to_TO H17 169 care_VB for_IN it_PP3 when_WRB you_PP2 have_HV planted_VBN H17 170 it_PP3 ,_, was_BEDZ a_AT good_JJ deed_NN which_WDTR would_MD leave_VB H17 170 your_PP$ heritage_NN better_JJR than_CS when_WRB H17 171 you_PP2 found_VBD it_PP3 ._. ^ I_PP1A learnt_VBD that_DT then_RN and_CC H17 171 I_PP1A have_HV believed_VBN it_PP3 ever_RB since_RI ,_, H17 172 and_CC I_PP1A think_VB it_PP3 is_BEZ still_RB true_JJ ._. ^ we_PP1AS H17 172 in_IN this_DT country_NN have_HV ,_, as_CS is_BEZ well_RB H17 173 known_VBN ,_, a_AT smaller_JJR percentage_NN of_IN our_PP$ national_JJ H17 173 area_NN under_IN trees_NNS of_IN any_DTI H17 174 kind_NN than_CS has_HVZ any_DTI other_AP country_NN in_IN Europe_NP H17 174 *-_*- barely_RB 6_CD per_NNU \0cent_NNU" ,_, if_CS I_PP1A H17 175 remember_VB the_ATI figure_NN aright_RB *-_*- and_CC I_PP1A am_BEM H17 175 very_QL anxious_JJ ,_, as_IN a_AT matter_NN of_IN H17 176 national_JJ policy_NN and_CC national_JJ interest_NN ,_, to_TO see_VB H17 176 the_ATI afforestation_NN of_IN H17 177 this_DT country_NN carried_VBN further_RBR ,_, with_IN appropriate_JJ H17 177 regard_NN being_BEG had_HVN to_IN H17 178 soils_NNS and_CC other_AP matters_NNS ,_, to_IN what_WDT will_MD H17 178 grow_VB and_CC what_WDT will_MD not_XNOT ,_, and_RB so_RB" H17 179 on_RB" ._. H18 2 13_CD ._. ^ the_ATI appellants_NNS ,_, immediately_RB after_IN H18 2 the_ATI determination_NN of_IN the_ATI H18 3 appeal_NN ,_, declared_VBD to_IN us_PP1OS their_PP$ dissatisfaction_NN H18 3 therewith_RB as_CS being_BEG H18 4 erroneous_JJ in_IN point_NN of_IN law_NN and_CC in_IN due_JJ course_NN H18 4 required_VBD us_PP1OS to_TO state_VB a_AT H18 5 case_NN for_IN the_ATI opinion_NN of_IN the_ATI high_JJ court_NN H18 5 pursuant_JJ to_IN the_ATI finance_NN act_NN ,_, H18 6 1937_CD ,_, fifth_OD schedule_NN ,_, part_NN 2_CD ,_, paragraph_NN 4_CD H18 6 ,_, and_CC the_ATI income_NN tax_NN act_NN ,_, H18 7 1952_CD ,_, section_NN 64_CD ,_, which_WDTR case_NN we_PP1AS have_HV H18 7 stated_VBN and_CC do_DO sign_VB accordingly_RB ._. H18 8 ^ 14_CD ._. ^ the_ATI question_NN of_IN law_NN for_IN the_ATI H18 8 opinion_NN of_IN the_ATI high_JJ court_NN is_BEZ H18 9 whether_CS the_ATI sum_NN of_IN *+4,072_NNU referred_VBN to_IN in_IN H18 9 paragraph_NN 2_CD hereof_RB was_BEDZ an_AT H18 10 amount_NN applied_VBN for_IN the_ATI benefit_NN of_IN \0Mr_NPT Hawke_NP H18 10 within_IN the_ATI meaning_NN of_IN H18 11 section_NN 36_CD (_( 1_CD1 )_) (_( c_ZZ )_) of_IN the_ATI finance_NN H18 11 act_NN ,_, 1947_CD ._. H18 12 ^ \0R_NP \0W_NP Quayle_NP H18 13 \0N_NP \0F_NP Rowe_NP H18 14 Commissioners_NPTS for_IN the_ATI special_JJ purposes_NNS of_IN H18 14 the_ATI income_NN tax_NN acts_NNS ._. H18 15 ^ Turnstile_NP House_NPL ,_, H18 16 94-99_CD-CD ,_, High_NP Holborn_NP ,_, H18 17 London_NP ,_, \0W.C.1_NP H18 18 ._. ^ 5th_OD October_NR ,_, 1959_CD ._. H18 20 ^ the_ATI case_NN came_VBD before_IN Cross_NP ,_, \0J_NP ,_, in_IN H18 20 the_ATI Chancery_NPL division_NN on_IN H18 21 13th_OD July_NR ,_, 1960_CD ,_, when_WRB judgment_NN was_BEDZ given_VBN H18 21 in_IN favour_NN of_IN the_ATI crown_NN ,_, with_IN H18 22 costs_NNS ._. H18 23 ^ Sir_NPT Lynn_NP Ungoed-Thomas_NP ,_, \0Q.C_NPT ,_, and_CC \0Mr_NPT H18 23 Alan_NP Orr_NP appeared_VBD as_IN H18 24 Counsel_NPT for_IN the_ATI crown_NN ,_, and_CC \0Mr_NPT \0P_NP \0J_NP H18 24 Brennan_NP for_IN the_ATI company_NN ._. H18 26 ^ Cross_NP ,_, \0J_NP *-_*- ^ this_DT case_NN concerns_VBZ the_ATI H18 26 profits_NNS tax_NN liability_NN H18 27 of_IN the_ATI respondent_JJ company_NN ,_, \0H_NP Dunning_NP &_CC H18 27 \0Co_NNP (_( 1946_CD )_) ,_, \0Ltd_JNP ,_, for_IN H18 28 two_CD chargeable_JJ accounting_NN periods_NNS ,_, 1st_OD March_NR ,_, H18 28 1955_CD ,_, to_IN 31st_OD October_NR ,_, H18 29 1955_CD ,_, and_CC 1st_OD November_NR ,_, 1955_CD ,_, to_IN 29th_OD H18 29 February_NR ,_, 1956_CD ._. H18 30 ^ the_ATI question_NN arises_VBZ in_IN this_DT way_NN ._. ^ the_ATI H18 30 company_NN was_BEDZ incorporated_VBN in_IN H18 31 1946_CD ,_, and_CC carries_VBZ on_RP the_ATI business_NN of_IN light_JJ H18 31 engineering_NN ._. ^ it_PP3 is_BEZ H18 32 director-controlled_JJ ,_, within_IN the_ATI meaning_NN of_IN the_ATI H18 32 profits_NNS tax_NN H18 33 legislation_NN ._. ^ a_AT \0Mr_NPT Hawke_NP has_HVZ been_BEN a_AT H18 33 director_NN of_IN the_ATI company_NN since_IN H18 34 its_PP$ incorporation_NN ,_, though_CS he_PP3A is_BEZ not_XNOT a_AT H18 34 whole-time_JJB service_NN director_NN ,_, and_CC H18 35 he_PP3A has_HVZ been_BEN at_IN all_ABN material_JJ times_NNS a_AT H18 35 member_NN of_IN the_ATI company_NN holding_VBG one_CD1 H18 36 *+1_NNU share_NN out_RP of_IN the_ATI 1,000_CD issued_JJ shares_NNS ._. H18 36 ^ in_IN 1951_CD \0Mr_NPT Hawke_NP H18 37 invented_VBD a_AT special_JJ type_NN of_IN *'_*' cable_NN gland_NN H18 37 **'_**' for_IN engineering_NN purposes_NNS H18 38 and_CC obtained_VBD patent_NN protection_NN for_IN this_DT invention_NN H18 38 some_DTI time_NN in_IN 1952_CD ._. H18 39 ^ on_IN 31st_OD December_NR ,_, 1954_CD ,_, he_PP3A entered_VBD into_IN H18 39 an_AT agreement_NN with_IN the_ATI company_NN H18 40 whereby_WRB he_PP3A granted_VBD to_IN the_ATI company_NN a_AT H18 40 licence_NN for_IN a_AT period_NN of_IN years_NNS to_TO H18 41 manufacture_VB and_CC to_TO sell_VB the_ATI patented_JJ article_NN ,_, H18 41 and_CC the_ATI company_NN H18 42 covenanted_VBD during_IN the_ATI continuance_NN of_IN the_ATI H18 42 licence_NN to_TO pay_VB him_PP3O a_AT H18 43 commission_NN of_IN *+7_NNU 10_CD \0s_NNU per_NNU \0cent_NNU" of_IN H18 43 the_ATI selling_NN price_NN of_IN each_DT H18 44 patented_JJ article_NN ._. ^ there_EX was_BEDZ provision_NN for_IN H18 44 the_ATI termination_NN of_IN the_ATI H18 45 agreement_NN before_IN the_ATI expiry_NN of_IN the_ATI period_NN ,_, H18 45 and_CC it_PP3 was_BEDZ in_IN fact_NN H18 46 terminated_VBN in_IN September_NR ,_, 1955_CD ._. ^ it_PP3 is_BEZ H18 46 found_VBN in_IN the_ATI case_NN that_CS that_DT was_BEDZ H18 47 a_AT perfectly_RB genuine_JJ commercial_JJ agreement_NN under_IN H18 47 which_WDTR the_ATI company_NN got_VBD H18 48 full_JJ consideration_NN for_IN the_ATI payments_NNS which_WDTR H18 48 they_PP3AS had_HVD to_TO make_VB to_IN \0Mr_NPT H18 49 Hawke_NP ._. ^ the_ATI total_NN of_IN the_ATI payments_NNS which_WDTR H18 49 were_BED made_VBN under_IN the_ATI agreement_NN H18 50 for_IN the_ATI period_NN from_IN 1st_OD March_NR ,_, 1955_CD ,_, to_IN H18 50 its_PP$ termination_NN in_IN September_NR ,_, H18 51 1955_CD ,_, was_BEDZ *+4,072_NNU ,_, and_CC the_ATI whole_JJ H18 51 question_NN at_IN issue_NN is_BEZ whether_CS or_CC not_XNOT H18 52 these_DTS payments_NNS were_BED *'_*' distributions_NNS **'_**' by_IN H18 52 the_ATI company_NN within_IN the_ATI H18 53 meaning_NN of_IN section_NN 36_CD of_IN the_ATI finance_NN act_NN ,_, H18 53 1947_CD ._. ^ if_CS they_PP3AS were_BED H18 54 distributions_NNS ,_, then_RN ,_, on_IN the_ATI assumption_NN which_WDTR H18 54 hitherto_RB has_HVZ been_BEN made_VBN H18 55 that_CS they_PP3AS would_MD not_XNOT be_BE deductible_JJ for_IN the_ATI H18 55 purpose_NN of_IN ascertaining_VBG the_ATI H18 56 gross_JJ relevant_JJ distribution_NN for_IN the_ATI purpose_NN of_IN H18 56 section_NN 35_CD ,_, the_ATI amount_NN H18 57 of_IN profits_NNS tax_NN payable_JJ by_IN the_ATI company_NN for_IN H18 57 the_ATI accounting_NN periods_NNS in_IN H18 58 question_NN would_MD be_BE larger_JJR than_CS it_PP3 would_MD be_BE H18 58 if_CS the_ATI payments_NNS were_BED not_XNOT H18 59 distributions_NNS ._. H18 60 ^ section_NN 36_CD (_( 1_CD1 )_) is_BEZ in_IN these_DTS terms_NNS H18 60 :_: H18 62 ^ *'_*' subject_JJ to_IN the_ATI provisions_NNS of_IN the_ATI H18 62 next_AP succeeding_JJ subsection_NN ,_, H18 63 wherever_WRB *-_*- (_( a_ZZ )_) any_DTI amount_NN is_BEZ H18 63 distributed_VBN directly_RB or_CC indirectly_RB by_IN way_NN H18 64 of_IN dividend_NN or_CC cash_NN bonus_NN to_IN any_DTI person_NN ;_; H18 64 or_CC (_( b_ZZ )_) assets_NNS are_BER distributed_VBN H18 65 in_IN kind_NN to_IN any_DTI person_NN ;_; or_CC (_( c_ZZ )_) where_WRB H18 65 the_ATI trade_NN or_CC business_NN is_BEZ carried_VBN H18 66 on_RP by_IN a_AT body_NN corporate_JJ the_ATI directors_NNS whereof_WRB H18 66 have_HV a_AT controlling_JJ H18 67 interest_NN therein_RB ,_, **'_**' H18 69 *-_*- which_WDTR is_BEZ the_ATI case_NN here_RN *-_*- H18 71 *'_*' an_AT amount_NN is_BEZ applied_VBN ,_, whether_CS by_IN way_NN H18 71 of_IN remuneration_NN ,_, loans_NNS or_CC H18 72 otherwise_RB ,_, for_IN the_ATI benefit_NN of_IN any_DTI person_NN ,_, H18 72 there_EX shall_MD be_BE deemed_VBN for_IN H18 73 the_ATI purposes_NNS of_IN the_ATI last_AP preceding_JJ section_NN H18 73 to_TO be_BE a_AT distribution_NN to_IN H18 74 that_DT person_NN of_IN that_DT amount_NN or_CC ,_, as_CS the_ATI H18 74 case_NN may_MD be_BE ,_, of_IN an_AT amount_NN equal_JJ H18 75 to_IN the_ATI value_NN of_IN those_DTS assets_NNS :_: **'_**' H18 77 *-_*- then_RN there_EX is_BEZ a_AT proviso_NN *-_*- H18 79 *'_*' provided_CS that_CS" no_ATI sum_NN applied_VBN in_IN H18 79 repaying_VBG a_AT loan_NN or_CC in_IN reducing_VBG H18 80 the_ATI share_NN capital_NN of_IN the_ATI person_NN carrying_VBG on_RP H18 80 the_ATI trade_NN or_CC business_NN H18 81 shall_MD be_BE treated_VBN as_IN a_AT distribution_NN ._. **'_**' H18 83 ^ that_DT proviso_NN certainly_RB seems_VBZ to_TO suggest_VB that_CS H18 83 ,_, if_CS it_PP3 were_BED not_XNOT H18 84 there_RN ,_, a_AT sum_NN applied_VBN by_IN the_ATI company_NN in_IN H18 84 repaying_VBG a_AT loan_NN would_MD be_BE a_AT H18 85 distribution_NN ._. ^ I_PP1A do_DO not_XNOT think_VB I_PP1A need_MD H18 85 read_VB sub-section_NN (_( 2_CD )_) ,_, but_CC H18 86 sub-section_NN (_( 3_CD )_) contains_VBZ special_JJ provisions_NNS H18 86 in_IN regard_NN to_IN loans_NNS ,_, to_IN H18 87 this_DT effect_NN :_: H18 89 ^ *'_*' where_WRB *-_*- (_( a_ZZ )_) a_AT loan_NN has_HVZ been_BEN H18 89 treated_VBN as_IN part_NN of_IN the_ATI gross_JJ H18 90 relevant_JJ distributions_NNS to_IN proprietors_NNS for_IN a_AT H18 90 chargeable_JJ accounting_NN H18 91 period_NN ;_; and_CC (_( b_ZZ )_) as_IN a_AT result_NN ,_, the_ATI H18 91 amount_NN of_IN tax_NN payable_JJ for_IN that_DT period_NN H18 92 has_HVZ been_BEN increased_VBN ,_, **'_**' H18 94 then_RN ,_, if_CS the_ATI loan_NN is_BEZ repaid_VBN ,_, the_ATI H18 94 gross_JJ relevant_JJ distributions_NNS to_IN H18 95 the_ATI proprietors_NNS are_BER to_TO be_BE treated_VBN as_CS H18 95 reduced_VBN by_IN the_ATI amount_NN H18 96 corresponding_VBG to_IN the_ATI increase_NN caused_VBN by_IN H18 96 treating_VBG the_ATI loan_NN as_IN a_AT H18 97 distribution_NN ._. H18 98 ^ the_ATI question_NN which_WDTR I_PP1A have_HV to_TO decide_VB H18 98 is_BEZ ,_, of_RB course_RB" ,_, whether_CS these_DTS H18 99 payments_NNS were_BED amounts_NNS applied_VBN by_IN the_ATI company_NN H18 99 for_IN the_ATI benefit_NN of_IN \0Mr_NPT H18 100 Hawke_NP *'_*' by_IN way_NN of_IN remuneration_NN ,_, loans_NNS or_CC H18 100 otherwise_RB **'_**' ._. ^ they_PP3AS were_BED H18 101 certainly_RB not_XNOT *'_*' remuneration_NN **'_**' or_CC *'_*' H18 101 loans_NNS **'_**' ;_; but_CC do_DO they_PP3AS come_VB under_IN H18 102 the_ATI head_NN of_IN *'_*' or_NC otherwise_NC **'_**' ?_? ^ they_PP3AS H18 102 were_BED ,_, as_CS I_PP1A have_HV said_VBN ,_, payments_NNS H18 103 made_VBN under_IN a_AT commercial_JJ agreement_NN for_IN full_JJ H18 103 consideration_NN given_VBN by_IN H18 104 \0Mr_NPT Hawke_NP to_IN the_ATI company_NN in_IN the_ATI form_NN of_IN H18 104 a_AT grant_NN to_IN the_ATI company_NN of_IN a_AT H18 105 licence_NN to_TO exploit_VB his_PP$ patent_NN ._. ^ if_CS the_ATI H18 105 words_NNS had_HVD been_BEN simply_RB *'_*' an_AT H18 106 amount_NN is_BEZ applied_VBN for_IN the_ATI benefit_NN of_IN any_DTI H18 106 person_NN **'_**' ,_, I_PP1A should_MD have_HV H18 107 thought_VBN it_PP3 very_QL doubtful_JJ whether_CS this_DT H18 107 sub-section_NN would_MD have_HV covered_VBN H18 108 payments_NNS ,_, whether_CS of_IN capital_NN or_CC income_NN ,_, H18 108 under_IN an_AT ordinary_JJ commercial_JJ H18 109 agreement_NN ._. ^ according_IN to_IN" the_ATI ordinary_JJ use_NN of_IN H18 109 the_ATI English_JNP language_NN ,_, a_AT H18 110 payment_NN for_IN which_WDTR you_PP2 have_HV given_VBN full_JJ H18 110 consideration_NN is_BEZ not_XNOT an_AT amount_NN H18 111 applied_VBN for_IN your_PP$ benefit_NN by_IN the_ATI payer_NN ._. ^ H18 111 but_CC ,_, of_RB course_RB" ,_, the_ATI words_NNS are_BER H18 112 not_XNOT simply_RB *'_*' an_AT amount_NN is_BEZ applied_VBN for_IN H18 112 the_ATI benefit_NN of_IN any_DTI person_NN **'_**' ;_; H18 113 there_EX are_BER the_ATI additional_JJ words_NNS *'_*' whether_CS by_IN H18 113 way_NN of_IN remuneration_NN ,_, loans_NNS H18 114 or_CC otherwise_RB **'_**' ._. ^ in_IN Commissioners_NPTS of_IN H18 114 inland_JJB revenue_NN \0v_IN H18 115 Chappie_NP ,_, \0Ltd_JNP ,_, 34_CD \0T.C_NP 509_CD ,_, the_ATI court_NN H18 115 of_IN appeal_NN had_HVD to_TO H18 116 consider_VB the_ATI case_NN of_IN loans_NNS made_VBN by_IN a_AT H18 116 company_NN to_IN one_CD1 of_IN its_PP$ members_NNS ,_, an_AT H18 117 associated_JJ company_NN ,_, on_IN what_WDT were_BED found_VBN to_TO H18 117 be_BE ordinary_JJ commercial_JJ H18 118 terms_NNS ,_, and_CC the_ATI court_NN ,_, affirming_VBG the_ATI H18 118 decision_NN of_IN Danckwerts_NP ,_, \0J_NP ,_, held_VBD H18 119 that_CS such_ABL a_AT loan_NN was_BEDZ a_AT distribution_NN within_IN H18 119 the_ATI meaning_NN of_IN this_DT H18 120 section_NN ._. H18 121 ^ it_PP3 has_HVZ been_BEN argued_VBN by_IN \0Mr_NPT Brennan_NP in_IN H18 121 this_DT case_NN that_CS the_ATI H18 122 decision_NN turned_VBD simply_RB on_IN the_ATI special_JJ H18 122 provisions_NNS made_VBN in_IN regard_NN to_IN H18 123 loans_NNS ._. ^ the_ATI section_NN ,_, of_RB course_RB" ,_, refers_VBZ H18 123 to_IN loans_NNS expressly_RB ,_, and_CC there_EX H18 124 is_BEZ in_IN sub-section_NN (_( 3_CD )_) a_AT provision_NN for_IN H18 124 adjusting_VBG the_ATI matter_NN if_CS and_CC when_WRB H18 125 the_ATI loan_NN is_BEZ repaid_VBN ._. ^ in_IN the_ATI case_NN of_IN H18 125 loans_NNS ,_, therefore_RB ,_, it_PP3 is_BEZ H18 126 particularly_RB difficult_JJ to_TO avoid_VB the_ATI conclusion_NN H18 126 that_CS they_PP3AS count_VB as_IN H18 127 distributions_NNS even_CS if_CS" they_PP3AS are_BER made_VBN on_IN H18 127 commercial_JJ terms_NNS ;_; but_CC I_PP1A do_DO not_XNOT H18 128 regard_VB the_ATI decision_NN in_IN the_ATI Chappie_NP case_NN as_CS H18 128 throwing_VBG no_ATI light_NN on_IN H18 129 the_ATI construction_NN of_IN the_ATI rest_NN of_IN this_DT H18 129 sub-section_NN ._. ^ the_ATI members_NNS of_IN the_ATI H18 130 court_NN of_IN appeal_NN ,_, as_CS I_PP1A read_VB their_PP$ H18 130 judgments_NNS ,_, definitely_RB rejected_VBD the_ATI H18 131 idea_NN that_CS there_EX had_HVD to_TO be_BE an_AT element_NN of_IN H18 131 bounty_NN in_IN a_AT payment_NN in_TO order_TO" H18 132 to_TO" bring_VB it_PP3 into_IN the_ATI scope_NN of_IN the_ATI H18 132 section_NN ._. ^ it_PP3 is_BEZ true_JJ that_CS they_PP3AS were_BED H18 133 dealing_VBG with_IN loans_NNS ,_, but_CC they_PP3AS were_BED H18 133 construing_VBG the_ATI section_NN as_IN a_AT whole_NN ._. H18 134 ^ the_ATI section_NN expressly_RB refers_VBZ to_IN remuneration_NN H18 134 as_CC well_CC" as_CC" loans_NNS ._. H18 135 ^ remuneration_NN does_DOZ not_XNOT normally_RB contain_VB any_DTI H18 135 element_NN of_IN bounty_NN ,_, yet_CC the_ATI H18 136 sub-section_NN says_VBZ that_CS all_ABN payments_NNS by_IN way_NN of_IN H18 136 remuneration_NN are_BER to_TO be_BE H18 137 treated_VBN as_IN distributions_NNS ._. ^ it_PP3 is_BEZ ,_, H18 137 therefore_RB ,_, very_QL difficult_JJ to_TO say_VB H18 138 that_CS what_WDT falls_VBZ under_IN the_ATI heading_NN *'_*' or_NC H18 138 otherwise_NC **'_**' as_IN opposed_IN" to_IN" what_WDT H18 139 falls_VBZ under_IN the_ATI heading_NN *'_*' remuneration_NC **'_**' H18 139 or_CC *'_*' loans_NC **'_**' must_MD contain_VB H18 140 an_AT element_NN of_IN bounty_NN ._. ^ then_RN it_PP3 is_BEZ said_VBN H18 140 :_: ^ *'_*' if_CS you_PP2 read_VB the_ATI sub-section_NN H18 141 as_QL widely_RB as_IN that_DT ,_, any_DTI payment_NN made_VBN by_IN H18 141 a_AT company_NN ,_, whether_CS it_PP3 be_BE an_AT H18 142 income_NN or_CC a_AT capital_NN payment_NN ,_, and_CC whether_CS H18 142 there_EX is_BEZ consideration_NN for_IN it_PP3 H18 143 or_CC not_XNOT ,_, will_MD be_BE a_AT distribution_NN ._. ^ if_CS H18 143 the_ATI company_NN buys_VBZ a_AT motor-car_NN from_IN H18 144 a_AT member_NN for_IN a_AT proper_JJ price_NN ,_, even_RB that_DT H18 144 will_MD be_BE a_AT distribution_NN ._. **'_**' H18 145 ^ well_UH ,_, it_PP3 appears_VBZ to_IN me_PP1O that_CS the_ATI H18 145 members_NNS of_IN the_ATI court_NN of_IN appeal_NN in_IN the_ATI H18 146 Chappie_NP case_NN were_BED aware_JJ that_CS that_DT might_MD be_BE H18 146 the_ATI result_NN of_IN their_PP$ H18 147 decision_NN ._. ^ that_DT is_BEZ shown_VBN by_IN what_WDT was_BEDZ H18 147 said_VBN by_IN \0Mr_NPT Tucker_NP and_CC Jenkins_NP ,_, H18 148 \0L.J_NP ,_, at_IN the_ATI end_NN of_IN the_ATI case_NN (_( at_IN H18 148 page_NN 527_CD of_IN this_DT report_NN )_) ._. ^ but_CC ,_, H18 149 of_RB course_RB" ,_, it_PP3 is_BEZ true_JJ to_TO say_VB that_CS the_ATI H18 149 decision_NN itself_PPL related_VBD only_RB to_IN H18 150 loans_NNS ._. H18 151 ^ the_ATI section_NN was_BEDZ considered_VBN again_RB a_RB H18 151 little_RB" later_RBR by_IN Harman_NP ,_, \0J_NP ,_, H18 152 in_IN Commissioners_NPTS of_IN inland_JJB revenue_NN \0v_IN Lactagol_NP H18 152 ,_, \0Ltd_JNP ,_, 35_CD H18 153 \0T.C_NP 230_CD ._. ^ there_RN the_ATI company_NN had_HVD made_VBN a_AT H18 153 lump-sum_JJB payment_NN to_IN a_AT H18 154 director-member_NN ,_, \0Mr_NPT Adams_NP ,_, in_IN consideration_NN H18 154 of_IN a_AT covenant_NN that_CS H18 155 after_CS his_PP$ term_NN of_IN service_NN with_IN the_ATI company_NN H18 155 ceased_VBD he_PP3A would_MD not_XNOT compete_VB H18 156 with_IN the_ATI company_NN ._. ^ so_RB for_IN a_AT lump-sum_JJB H18 156 payment_NN the_ATI company_NN got_VBD the_ATI H18 157 benefit_NN of_IN a_AT capital_NN asset_NN in_IN the_ATI form_NN of_IN H18 157 \0Mr_NPT Adams's_NP$ covenant_NN ._. H18 158 ^ Harman_NP ,_, \0J_NP ,_, was_BEDZ impressed_VBN ,_, as_CS anybody_PN H18 158 must_MD be_BE ,_, with_IN the_ATI absurdity_NN H18 159 of_IN treating_VBG such_ABL a_AT payment_NN *-_*- a_AT capital_NN H18 159 payment_NN for_IN a_AT capital_NN asset_NN H18 160 under_IN a_AT genuine_JJ commercial_JJ transaction_NN *-_*- as_CS H18 160 being_BEG an_AT amount_NN applied_VBN H18 161 for_IN the_ATI benefit_NN of_IN the_ATI payee_NN ._. ^ he_PP3A was_BEDZ H18 161 not_XNOT prepared_VBN to_TO accept_VB the_ATI view_NN H18 162 that_CS in_IN the_ATI Chappie_NP case_NN the_ATI court_NN of_IN H18 162 appeal_NN had_HVD decided_VBN that_CS all_ABN H18 163 payments_NNS were_BED distributions_NNS ._. ^ he_PP3A thought_VBD H18 163 that_CS a_AT line_NN must_MD be_BE drawn_VBN H18 164 somewhere_RB ,_, and_CC influenced_VBN ,_, I_PP1A think_VB ,_, by_IN H18 164 the_ATI fact_NN that_CS this_DT act_NN taxes_VBZ H18 165 profits_NNS ,_, he_PP3A drew_VBD the_ATI line_NN at_IN payments_NNS H18 165 of_IN capital_NN for_IN capital_NN assets_NNS ._. H18 166 ^ whether_CS it_PP3 is_BEZ really_RB logical_JJ to_TO draw_VB any_DTI H18 166 line_NN or_CC to_TO draw_VB it_PP3 there_RN it_PP3 H18 167 is_BEZ not_XNOT for_IN me_PP1O to_TO say_VB ._. ^ if_CS I_PP1A were_BED H18 167 faced_VBN with_IN a_AT similar_JJ case_NN to_IN that_DT H18 168 which_WDTR was_BEDZ before_IN Harman_NP ,_, \0J_NP ,_, I_PP1A should_MD H18 168 ,_, of_RB course_RB" ,_, follow_VB his_PP$ H18 169 decision_NN ._. ^ but_CC the_ATI case_NN before_IN me_PP1O is_BEZ H18 169 not_XNOT one_CD1 of_IN a_AT payment_NN of_IN capital_NN H18 170 for_IN a_AT capital_NN asset_NN ,_, but_CC of_IN recurring_VBG H18 170 payments_NNS of_IN income_NN ._. ^ I_PP1A do_DO not_XNOT H18 171 therefore_RB think_VB that_DT decision_NN of_IN Harman_NP ,_, \0J_NP H18 171 ,_, covers_VBZ this_DT case_NN ,_, and_CC I_PP1A H18 172 feel_VB myself_PPL at_IN liberty_NN to_TO reach_VB the_ATI H18 172 conclusion_NN at_IN which_WDTR ,_, but_IN for_IN" his_PP$ H18 173 decision_NN ,_, I_PP1A would_MD have_HV arrived_VBN without_IN H18 173 hesitation_NN in_IN view_NN of_IN the_ATI H18 174 decision_NN of_IN the_ATI court_NN of_IN appeal_NN in_IN the_ATI H18 174 Chappie_NP case_NN ._. ^ I_PP1A should_MD H18 175 have_HV said_VBN that_CS the_ATI Commissioners_NPTS decided_VBD this_DT H18 175 case_NN in_IN favour_NN of_IN the_ATI H18 176 taxpayer_NN on_IN the_ATI ground_NN that_CS the_ATI Chappie_NP case_NN H18 176 dealt_VBD only_RB with_IN H18 177 loans_NNS ,_, and_CC that_CS this_DT case_NN was_BEDZ covered_VBN by_IN H18 177 the_ATI Lactagol_NP case_NN ._. H18 178 ^ for_IN the_ATI reasons_NNS I_PP1A have_HV tried_VBN to_TO give_VB H18 178 ,_, I_PP1A think_VB that_CS their_PP$ decision_NN H18 179 was_BEDZ wrong_JJ ,_, and_CC therefore_RB I_PP1A shall_MD allow_VB H18 179 the_ATI appeal_NN ._. H18 180 ^ Sir_NPT Lynn_NP Ungoed-Thomas_NP ._. *-_*- ^ your_PP$ lordship_NN H18 180 will_MD ,_, then_RN ,_, allow_VB H18 181 the_ATI appeal_NN with_IN costs_NNS ?_? H18 182 ^ Cross_NP ,_, \0J_NP *-_*- ^ yes_UH ._. H18 183 ^ \0Mr_NPT \0P_NP \0J_NP Brennan_NP ._. *-_*- ^ would_MD your_PP$ H18 183 lordship_NN hear_VB me_PP1O on_IN H18 184 that_DT point_NN about_IN costs_NNS ?_? H18 185 ^ Cross_NP ,_, \0J_NP *-_*- ^ yes_UH ._. H18 186 ^ \0Mr_NPT Brennan_NP ._. *-_*- ^ my_PP$ Lord_NPT ,_, the_ATI H18 186 Lactagol_NP case_NN was_BEDZ decided_VBN H18 187 some_DTI years_NNS ago_RB ,_, and_CC this_DT matter_NN has_HVZ been_BEN H18 187 left_VBN in_IN a_AT state_NN of_IN grave_JJ H18 188 uncertainty_NN ;_; and_CC my_PP$ clients_NNS went_VBD before_IN the_ATI H18 188 Commissioners_NPTS on_IN the_ATI basis_NN H18 189 of_IN the_ATI Lactagol_NP case_NN ._. ^ they_PP3AS succeeded_VBD H18 189 before_IN the_ATI Commissioners_NPTS ,_, H18 190 and_CC I_PP1A submit_VB that_CS it_PP3 might_MD be_BE a_AT proper_JJ H18 190 case_NN where_WRB your_PP$ lordship_NN might_MD H18 191 make_VB an_AT order_NN whereby_WRB each_DT side_NN would_MD bear_VB H18 191 its_PP$ own_AP costs_NNS ._. H18 192 ^ Sir_NPT Lynn_NP Ungoed-Thomas_NP ._. *-_*- ^ my_PP$ Lord_NPT ,_, H18 192 it_PP3 is_BEZ the_ATI same_AP sort_NN of_IN H18 193 difficulty_NN that_WPR arises_VBZ in_IN any_DTI case_NN where_WRB H18 193 there_EX has_HVZ been_BEN a_AT decision_NN H18 194 upon_IN which_WDTR one_CD1 side_NN relies_VBZ ._. H18 195 ^ Cross_NP ,_, \0J_NP *-_*- ^ I_PP1A think_VB I_PP1A must_MD H18 195 allow_VB the_ATI crown_NN to_TO have_HV their_PP$ H18 196 costs_NNS in_IN this_DT case_NN ._. ^ I_PP1A quite_RB understand_VB H18 196 that_CS the_ATI Commissioners_NPTS were_BED in_IN H18 197 a_AT difficulty_NN in_IN view_NN of_IN the_ATI two_CD authorities_NNS H18 197 ,_, but_CC I_PP1A have_HV taken_VBN a_AT H18 198 different_JJ view_NN of_IN Harman_NP ,_, \0J.'s_NP$ decision_NN to_IN H18 198 that_DT taken_VBN by_IN them_PP3OS ,_, and_CC I_PP1A H18 199 think_VB the_ATI ordinary_JJ result_NN must_MD follow_VB ._. H18 200 ^ Sir_NPT Lynn_NP Ungoed-Thomas_NP ._. *-_*- ^ and_CC would_MD H18 200 your_PP$ lordship_NN make_VB a_AT H18 201 declaration_NN ?_? H18 202 ^ Cross_NP ,_, \0J_NP *-_*- ^ yes_UH ._. ^ there_EX is_BEZ no_ATI H18 202 question_NN of_IN figures_NNS ,_, is_BEZ H18 203 there_EX ?_? H19 2 the_ATI industrial_JJ court_NN ._. H19 3 ^ (_( 2846_CD )_) ._. ^ engineering_NN industry_NN ._. H19 4 ^ aluminium_NN wire_NN and_CC cable_NN company_NN limited_JJ *-_*- H19 4 clerical_JJ workers_NNS *-_*- H19 5 claim_NN for_IN application_NN thereto_RB of_IN wages_NNS increases_NNS H19 5 of_IN a_AT specified_JJ H19 6 agreement_NN ._. H19 7 ^ parties_NNS :_: *-_*- H19 8 ^ clerical_JJ and_CC administrative_JJ workers'_NNS$ union_NN H19 9 and_CC H19 10 aluminium_NN wire_NN and_CC cable_NN company_NN limited_JJ H19 11 ._. ^ terms_NNS of_IN reference_NN :_: *-_*- H19 12 ^ *'_*' proposed_VBN by_IN the_ATI trade_NN union_NN ._. H19 14 ^ that_CS the_ATI wage_NN increases_NNS agreed_VBN between_IN H19 14 the_ATI engineering_NN and_CC H19 15 allied_JJ employers'_NNS$ federation_NN and_CC the_ATI clerical_JJ H19 15 and_CC administrative_JJ H19 16 workers'_NNS$ union_NN on_IN 6th_OD January_NR ,_, 1961_CD ,_, shall_MD H19 16 be_BE applied_VBN to_IN members_NNS of_IN H19 17 the_ATI union_NN employed_VBN by_IN aluminium_NN wire_NN and_CC H19 17 cable_NN company_NN limited_JJ ,_, H19 18 Swansea_NP ,_, with_IN effect_NN from_IN 9th_OD January_NR ,_, 1961_CD H19 18 ._. H19 19 ^ proposed_VBN by_IN the_ATI employer_NN ._. H19 20 ^ whether_CS the_ATI wage_NN increases_NNS agreed_VBN between_IN H19 20 the_ATI engineering_NN and_CC H19 21 allied_JJ employers'_NNS$ federation_NN and_CC the_ATI clerical_JJ H19 21 and_CC administrative_JJ H19 22 workers'_NNS$ union_NN on_IN 6th_OD January_NR ,_, 1961_CD ,_, H19 22 should_MD be_BE applied_VBN to_IN members_NNS of_IN H19 23 the_ATI union_NN employed_VBN by_IN aluminium_NN wire_NN and_CC H19 23 cable_NN company_NN limited_JJ ,_, H19 24 Swansea_NP ,_, with_IN effect_NN from_IN 9th_OD January_NR ,_, 1961_CD H19 24 ._. **'_**' H19 26 ^ 1_CD1 ._. ^ the_ATI matter_NN was_BEDZ referred_VBN to_IN the_ATI H19 26 industrial_JJ court_NN for_IN settlement_NN H19 27 in_IN accordance_NN with_IN the_ATI provisions_NNS of_IN the_ATI H19 27 industrial_JJ courts_NNS act_NN ,_, 1919_CD ._. H19 28 ^ the_ATI parties_NNS were_BED heard_VBN in_IN Cardiff_NP on_IN H19 28 the_ATI 9th_OD May_NR ,_, 1961_CD ._. H19 29 ^ 2_CD ._. ^ by_IN an_AT agreement_NN reached_VBN between_IN the_ATI H19 29 clerical_JJ and_CC H19 30 administrative_JJ workers'_NNS$ union_NN (_( hereinafter_RB H19 30 referred_VBN to_IN as_IN *'_*' the_ATI H19 31 union_NN **'_**' )_) ,_, and_CC the_ATI engineering_NN employers'_NNS$ H19 31 federation_NN on_IN the_ATI 6th_OD H19 32 January_NR ,_, 1961_CD ,_, increases_NNS which_WDTR the_ATI H19 32 federation_NN were_BED prepared_VBN to_TO H19 33 recommend_VB to_TO be_BE paid_VBN by_IN member_NN firms_NNS to_IN H19 33 their_PP$ clerical_JJ workers_NNS with_IN H19 34 salaries_NNS up_RP to_IN and_CC including_IN *+775_NNU per_IN annum_NN H19 34 in_IN the_ATI case_NN of_IN males_NNS H19 35 and_CC *+580_NNU in_IN the_ATI case_NN of_IN females_NNS ,_, as_IN H19 35 from_IN" the_ATI 9th_OD January_NR ,_, 1961_CD ,_, were_BED H19 36 determined_VBN ._. ^ the_ATI said_JJ increases_NNS are_BER set_VBN H19 36 out_RP in_IN the_ATI appendix_NN hereto_RB ._. H19 37 ^ the_ATI agreement_NN also_RB contained_VBD the_ATI following_JJ H19 37 clause_NN :_: *-_*- H19 39 ^ *'_*' the_ATI recommendation_NN is_BEZ made_VBN subject_JJ to_IN H19 39 the_ATI understanding_NN that_CS H19 40 firms_NNS may_MD take_VB into_IN account_NN any_DTI general_JJ H19 40 increase_NN already_RB given_VBN to_IN H19 41 clerical_JJ workers_NNS ,_, whether_CS as_IN a_AT result_NN of_IN H19 41 the_ATI national_JJ wages_NNS agreement_NN H19 42 reached_VBN with_IN the_ATI manual_JJ workers'_NNS$ union_NN on_IN H19 42 21st_OD December_NR ,_, 1960_CD ,_, or_CC in_IN H19 43 anticipation_NN of_IN the_ATI settlement_NN of_IN this_DT claim_NN ._. H19 43 **'_**' H19 45 ^ the_ATI dispute_NN concerns_VBZ 83_CD clerical_JJ workers_NNS H19 45 employed_VBN by_IN the_ATI H19 46 aluminium_NN wire_NN and_CC cable_NN company_NN limited_JJ (_( H19 46 hereinafter_RB referred_VBN as_IN H19 47 *'_*' the_ATI company_NN **'_**' )_) and_CC the_ATI union_NN claim_NN H19 47 that_CS the_ATI above_JJB increases_NNS should_MD H19 48 be_BE applied_VBN to_IN them_PP3OS with_IN effect_NN from_IN the_ATI H19 48 9th_OD January_NR ,_, 1961_CD ._. ^ the_ATI matter_NN H19 49 was_BEDZ first_RB raised_VBN on_IN the_ATI 20th_OD January_NR ,_, H19 49 1961_CD ,_, when_WRB the_ATI union_NN having_HVG H19 50 received_VBN a_AT report_NN that_CS the_ATI company_NN had_HVD not_XNOT H19 50 implemented_VBN the_ATI terms_NNS of_IN H19 51 the_ATI agreement_NN ,_, wrote_VBD to_IN them_PP3OS ._. ^ the_ATI H19 51 union_NN subsequently_RB sought_VBD the_ATI H19 52 assistance_NN of_IN the_ATI industrial_JJ relations_NNS Officer_NPT (_( H19 52 Wales_NP )_) ,_, under_IN whose_WP$R H19 53 chairmanship_NN a_AT meeting_NN took_VBD place_NN on_IN the_ATI 2nd_OD H19 53 March_NR ,_, 1961_CD ._. ^ the_ATI company_NN H19 54 then_RN stated_VBD that_CS they_PP3AS were_BED exempt_JJ from_IN H19 54 the_ATI terms_NNS of_IN the_ATI agreement_NN by_IN H19 55 reason_NN of_IN a_AT notice_NN issued_VBN to_IN each_DT of_IN their_PP$ H19 55 clerical_JJ workers_NNS in_IN their_PP$ H19 56 pay_NN packet_NN on_IN the_ATI 5th_OD December_NR ,_, 1960_CD ,_, H19 56 when_WRB certain_JJ increases_NNS in_IN pay_NN H19 57 became_VBD effective_JJ ._. ^ the_ATI matter_NN was_BEDZ thereupon_RB H19 57 referred_VBN to_IN the_ATI court_NN for_IN H19 58 decision_NN ._. H19 59 ^ 3_CD ._. ^ on_IN behalf_NN of_IN the_ATI union_NN it_PP3 was_BEDZ H19 59 stated_VBN that_CS they_PP3AS had_HVD when_WRB H19 60 necessary_JJ met_VBN the_ATI company_NN regarding_IN matters_NNS H19 60 affecting_VBG wages_NNS and_CC H19 61 conditions_NNS of_IN clerical_JJ workers_NNS ,_, and_CC whilst_CS H19 61 the_ATI company_NN were_BED not_XNOT in_IN H19 62 membership_NN of_IN the_ATI engineering_NN employers'_NNS$ H19 62 federation_NN ,_, there_EX was_BEDZ an_AT H19 63 understanding_NN that_CS they_PP3AS should_MD follow_VB the_ATI H19 63 engineering_NN industry_NN ._. ^ in_IN H19 64 that_DT understanding_NN the_ATI union_NN had_HVD negotiated_VBN H19 64 with_IN them_PP3OS arrangements_NNS for_IN H19 65 a_AT shorter_JJR working_NN week_NN ,_, the_ATI salary_NN limits_NNS H19 65 under_IN which_WDTR clerical_JJ workers_NNS H19 66 received_VBD payment_NN for_IN overtime_NN and_CC the_ATI rota_NN H19 66 under_IN which_WDTR Saturday_NR H19 67 mornings_NNS were_BED worked_VBN ._. H19 68 ^ it_PP3 was_BEDZ submitted_VBN that_CS the_ATI terms_NNS under_IN H19 68 which_WDTR a_AT company_NN could_MD claim_VB H19 69 exemption_NN from_IN implementing_VBG the_ATI agreement_NN of_IN H19 69 the_ATI 6th_OD January_NR ,_, 1961_CD ,_, H19 70 were_BED clearly_RB understood_VBN between_IN the_ATI engineering_NN H19 70 employers'_NNS$ federation_NN H19 71 and_CC the_ATI union_NN ;_; that_CS the_ATI term_NN *'_*' general_JJ H19 71 increase_NN **'_**' was_BEDZ understood_VBN H19 72 between_IN them_PP3OS and_CC that_CS increases_NNS in_IN salaries_NNS H19 72 consequent_JJ on_IN a_AT review_NN of_IN H19 73 salaries_NNS undertaken_VBN by_IN the_ATI company_NN which_WDTR H19 73 took_VBD effect_NN from_IN the_ATI 3rd_OD H19 74 October_NR ,_, 1960_CD ,_, did_DOD not_XNOT constitute_VB a_AT *'_*' H19 74 general_JJ increase_NN **'_**' ._. ^ the_ATI fact_NN H19 75 that_CS a_AT number_NN of_IN the_ATI clerical_JJ workers_NNS H19 75 concerned_VBN had_HVD not_XNOT received_VBN any_DTI H19 76 increase_NN at_IN all_ABN and_CC the_ATI lack_NN of_IN pattern_NN in_IN H19 76 the_ATI increases_NNS awarded_VBN by_IN H19 77 the_ATI company_NN were_BED indicative_JJ of_IN a_AT merit_NN H19 77 assessment_NN on_IN the_ATI company's_NN$ H19 78 valuation_NN of_IN each_DT employee_NN ._. H19 79 ^ it_PP3 was_BEDZ contended_VBN that_CS the_ATI increases_NNS H19 79 paid_VBN on_IN the_ATI 5th_OD December_NR ,_, H19 80 1960_CD could_MD not_XNOT have_HV been_BEN paid_VBN as_IN a_AT H19 80 result_NN of_IN the_ATI manual_JJ workers'_NNS$ H19 81 settlement_NN ,_, which_WDTR was_BEDZ agreed_VBN more_AP than_IN a_AT H19 81 fortnight_NN after_CS the_ATI increases_NNS H19 82 had_HVD been_BEN paid_VBN ,_, or_CC that_CS the_ATI review_NN ,_, H19 82 which_WDTR the_ATI company_NN stated_VBD had_HVD taken_VBN H19 83 several_AP months_NNS to_TO complete_VB ,_, could_MD have_HV been_BEN H19 83 in_IN anticipation_NN of_IN the_ATI H19 84 settlement_NN of_IN a_AT class_NN for_IN clerical_JJ workers_NNS H19 84 which_WDTR the_ATI union_NN had_HVD not_XNOT yet_RB H19 85 presented_VBN to_IN the_ATI company_NN ._. ^ the_ATI court's_NN$ H19 85 attention_NN was_BEDZ drawn_VBN to_IN the_ATI fact_NN H19 86 that_CS on_IN the_ATI 3rd_OD October_NR ,_, 1960_CD (_( the_ATI H19 86 retrospective_JJ date_NN to_IN which_WDTR the_ATI H19 87 company's_NN$ increase_NN became_VBD effective_JJ )_) the_ATI union_NN H19 87 had_HVD not_XNOT presented_VBN their_PP$ H19 88 case_NN to_IN the_ATI engineering_NN employers'_NNS$ federation_NN ._. ^ H19 88 furthermore_RB ,_, the_ATI H19 89 national_JJ wages_NNS agreement_NN with_IN the_ATI manual_JJ H19 89 workers'_NNS$ union_NN was_BEDZ not_XNOT H19 90 reached_VBN until_IN the_ATI 21st_OD December_NR ,_, 1960_CD ._. H19 91 ^ it_PP3 was_BEDZ submitted_VBN that_CS the_ATI clerical_JJ H19 91 workers_NNS employed_VBN by_IN the_ATI H19 92 company_NN should_MD receive_VB the_ATI increases_NNS set_VBN out_RP H19 92 in_IN the_ATI appendix_NN ._. ^ the_ATI H19 93 union_NN maintained_VBD that_CS previous_JJ differences_NNS H19 93 referred_VBN to_IN the_ATI industrial_JJ H19 94 disputes_NNS tribunal_NN under_IN the_ATI industrial_JJ disputes_NNS H19 94 order_NN ,_, 1951_CD ,_, which_WDTR H19 95 resulted_VBD in_IN awards_NNS \0Nos_NNS 248_CD ,_, 813_CD and_CC 840_CD H19 95 in_IN favour_NN of_IN the_ATI union_NN ,_, H19 96 endorsed_VBD that_DT view_NN ._. H19 97 ^ 4_CD ._. ^ on_IN behalf_NN of_IN the_ATI company_NN it_PP3 H19 97 was_BEDZ stated_VBN that_CS whilst_CS they_PP3AS were_BED H19 98 not_XNOT members_NNS of_IN the_ATI engineering_NN and_CC allied_JJ H19 98 employers'_NNS$ south_NR Wales_NP H19 99 association_NN ,_, it_PP3 had_HVD been_BEN their_PP$ practice_NN to_TO H19 99 have_HV regard_NN to_IN H19 100 recommendations_NNS of_IN the_ATI engineering_NN employers'_NNS$ H19 100 federation_NN when_WRB H19 101 reviewing_VBG salaries_NNS towards_IN the_ATI end_NN of_IN each_DT H19 101 year_NN ._. ^ thus_RB the_ATI company_NN had_HVD H19 102 given_VBN increases_NNS to_IN their_PP$ clerical_JJ workers_NNS with_IN H19 102 effect_NN from_IN the_ATI 1st_OD H19 103 January_NR ,_, 1959_CD ,_, comparable_JJ with_IN increases_NNS H19 103 recommended_VBN by_IN the_ATI federation_NN H19 104 in_IN October_NR ,_, 1958_CD ._. ^ they_PP3AS had_HVD also_RB given_VBN H19 104 increases_NNS with_IN effect_NN from_IN the_ATI H19 105 1st_OD January_NR ,_, 1960_CD ,_, and_CC a_AT reduction_NN of_IN H19 105 working_NN hours_NNS as_IN from_IN" the_ATI 2nd_OD H19 106 May_NR ,_, 1960_CD ,_, even_CS though_CS" the_ATI federation_NN had_HVD H19 106 not_XNOT recommended_VBN any_DTI salary_NN H19 107 increases_NNS at_IN that_DT time_NN ._. H19 108 ^ during_IN the_ATI latter_AP half_NN of_IN 1960_CD ,_, it_PP3 H19 108 was_BEDZ stated_VBN ,_, the_ATI company_NN H19 109 decided_VBD on_IN a_AT major_JJ review_NN of_IN salaries_NNS of_IN H19 109 their_PP$ staff_NN in_IN the_ATI course_NN of_IN H19 110 which_WDTR they_PP3AS became_VBD aware_JJ of_IN a_AT claim_NN H19 110 submitted_VBN by_IN the_ATI union_NN to_IN the_ATI H19 111 federation_NN in_IN respect_NN of_IN their_PP$ clerical_JJ workers_NNS H19 111 ._. ^ accordingly_RB ,_, when_WRB H19 112 such_ABL employees_NNS were_BED advised_VBN in_IN December_NR ,_, H19 112 1960_CD ,_, of_IN increases_NNS granted_VBN H19 113 (_( which_WDTR were_BED made_VBN retrospective_JJ to_IN the_ATI H19 113 beginning_NN of_IN October_NR ,_, 1960_CD )_) ,_, the_ATI H19 114 company_NN entered_VBD a_AT caveat_NN to_TO cover_VB possible_JJ H19 114 increases_NNS which_WDTR might_MD H19 115 subsequently_RB be_BE recommended_VBN by_IN the_ATI federation_NN ,_, H19 115 notice_NN of_IN which_WDTR was_BEDZ H19 116 contained_VBN in_IN the_ATI letter_NN addressed_VBN to_IN each_DT H19 116 employee_NN at_IN the_ATI time_NN ._. ^ early_RB H19 117 in_IN January_NR ,_, 1961_CD ,_, when_WRB the_ATI company_NN H19 117 received_VBD details_NNS of_IN the_ATI increases_NNS H19 118 recommended_VBN by_IN the_ATI federation_NN ,_, comparison_NN with_IN H19 118 the_ATI increases_NNS already_RB H19 119 granted_VBN to_IN their_PP$ clerical_JJ workers_NNS revealed_VBD H19 119 some_DTI differences_NNS and_CC any_DTI H19 120 deficiencies_NNS were_BED made_VBN good_JJ as_IN from_IN" the_ATI H19 120 2nd_OD January_NR ,_, 1961_CD ,_, although_CS the_ATI H19 121 federation's_NN$ recommendations_NNS did_DOD not_XNOT take_VB effect_NN H19 121 until_IN a_AT week_NN later_RBR ._. H19 122 ^ the_ATI company_NN had_HVD not_XNOT specifically_RB agreed_VBN H19 122 and_CC had_HVD not_XNOT given_VBN any_DTI H19 123 undertaking_NN to_IN the_ATI union_NN to_TO follow_VB the_ATI H19 123 engineering_NN industry_NN ._. H19 124 ^ it_PP3 was_BEDZ submitted_VBN that_CS increases_NNS in_IN H19 124 salaries_NNS granted_VBN to_IN all_ABN staff_NN H19 125 when_WRB salaries_NNS were_BED reviewed_VBN were_BED a_AT *'_*' H19 125 general_JJ increase_NN **'_**' ._. ^ the_ATI review_NN H19 126 of_IN salaries_NNS was_BEDZ described_VBN as_IN a_AT major_JJ review_NN H19 126 as_CS the_ATI level_NN of_IN salaries_NNS H19 127 being_BEG paid_VBN to_IN senior_JJ staff_NN having_HVG university_NN H19 127 degrees_NNS or_CC other_AP special_JJ H19 128 qualifications_NNS was_BEDZ being_BEG specially_RB examined_VBN ,_, H19 128 and_CC it_PP3 was_BEDZ spread_VBN over_IN a_AT H19 129 long_JJ period_NN and_CC completed_VBN only_RB after_CS it_PP3 H19 129 became_VBD known_VBN that_CS the_ATI union_NN H19 130 were_BED negotiating_VBG with_IN the_ATI federation_NN in_IN respect_NN H19 130 of_IN clerical_JJ workers_NNS ._. H19 131 ^ it_PP3 was_BEDZ also_RB submitted_VBN that_CS all_ABN the_ATI H19 131 clerical_JJ workers_NNS concerned_VBN had_HVD H19 132 received_VBN increases_NNS no_ATI less_AP than_IN those_DTS H19 132 recommended_VBN in_IN the_ATI national_JJ H19 133 agreement_NN of_IN the_ATI 6th_OD January_NR ,_, 1961_CD ,_, between_IN H19 133 the_ATI engineering_NN employers'_NNS$ H19 134 federation_NN and_CC the_ATI union_NN ._. H19 135 ^ in_IN the_ATI company's_NN$ views_NNS the_ATI awards_NNS of_IN H19 135 the_ATI industrial_JJ disputes_NNS H19 136 tribunal_NN referred_VBN to_IN by_IN the_ATI union_NN were_BED made_VBN H19 136 in_IN different_JJ circumstances_NNS H19 137 and_CC could_MD not_XNOT be_BE taken_VBN as_IN precedents_NNS ._. H19 138 ^ in_IN conclusion_NN the_ATI company_NN submitted_VBD that_CS H19 138 they_PP3AS observed_VBD the_ATI spirit_NN H19 139 of_IN all_ABN agreements_NNS between_IN the_ATI engineering_NN H19 139 employers'_NNS$ federation_NN and_CC H19 140 the_ATI union_NN ,_, and_CC in_IN support_NN of_IN this_DT gave_VBD H19 140 details_NNS of_IN the_ATI conditions_NNS of_IN H19 141 employment_NN of_IN their_PP$ staff_NN ._. H19 142 ^ 5_CD ._. ^ the_ATI court_NN ,_, having_HVG given_VBN careful_JJ H19 142 consideration_NN to_IN the_ATI evidence_NN H19 143 and_CC submissions_NNS of_IN the_ATI parties_NNS ,_, award_VB that_CS H19 143 ,_, with_IN effect_NN from_IN the_ATI 20th_OD H19 144 January_NR ,_, 1961_CD ,_, the_ATI company_NN shall_MD apply_VB to_IN H19 144 the_ATI clerical_JJ workers_NNS H19 145 concerned_VBN the_ATI wage_NN increases_NNS agreed_VBN between_IN H19 145 the_ATI engineering_NN employers'_NNS$ H19 146 federation_NN and_CC the_ATI union_NN on_IN the_ATI 6th_OD January_NR H19 146 ,_, 1961_CD ._. ^ \0H_NP H19 147 Lloyd-Williams_NP ,_, chairman_NN ._. ^ \0W_NP H19 148 Lewis_NP Clarke_NP ._. ^ \0G_NP H19 149 \0B_NP Thorneycroft_NP ._. ^ I_PP1A H19 151 have_HV submitted_VBN precedents_NNS over_IN two_CD centuries_NNS ._. ^ H19 151 we_PP1AS believe_VB those_DTS H19 152 precedents_NNS to_TO be_BE valid_JJ ._. ^ may_MD we_PP1AS ask_VB H19 152 whether_CS you_PP2 would_MD be_BE good_JJ enough_QLP H19 153 further_RBR to_TO consider_VB your_PP$ ruling_NN and_CC indicate_VB H19 153 on_IN what_WDT occasions_NNS and_CC H19 154 under_IN what_WDT circumstances_NNS it_PP3 shall_MD apply_VB and_CC H19 154 whether_CS you_PP2 will_MD consider_VB H19 155 the_ATI precedents_NNS and_CC previous_JJ rulings_NNS before_CS a_AT H19 155 new_JJ ruling_NN is_BEZ H19 156 established_VBN ?_? H19 157 ^ \0Mr_NPT Speaker_NPT :_: ^ I_PP1A have_HV said_VBN that_CS I_PP1A H19 157 will_MD look_VB at_IN what_WDT the_ATI H19 158 right_RB \0hon_NPT gentleman_NN put_VBD to_IN me_PP1O and_CC ,_, of_RB H19 158 course_RB" ,_, I_PP1A will_MD ._. ^ but_CC I_PP1A do_DO not_XNOT H19 159 propose_VB to_TO say_VB anything_PN else_RB about_IN it_PP3 ,_, H19 159 unless_CS I_PP1A find_VB that_CS my_PP$ ruling_NN H19 160 was_BEDZ wrong_JJ ._. H19 161 ^ \0Mr_NPT Gordon_NP Walker_NP :_: ^ in_IN the_ATI interests_NNS H19 161 of_IN ourselves_PPLS and_CC our_PP$ H19 162 successors_NNS ,_, who_WPR might_MD be_BE misled_VBN ,_, may_MD I_PP1A H19 162 suggest_VB that_CS you_PP2 later_RBR give_VB us_PP1OS H19 163 the_ATI reasons_NNS which_WDTR led_VBD you_PP2 to_TO think_VB that_CS H19 163 these_DTS proceedings_NNS were_BED not_XNOT H19 164 invalidated_VBN ?_? ^ our_PP$ successors_NNS and_CC ourselves_PPLS H19 164 might_MD otherwise_RB be_BE misled_VBN H19 165 about_IN what_WDT does_DOZ or_CC does_DOZ not_XNOT constitute_VB a_AT H19 165 House_NPL in_IN other_AP circumstances_NNS ._. H19 166 ^ if_CS your_PP$ ruling_NN were_BED given_VBN just_RB like_IN that_DT H19 166 ,_, and_CC without_IN reasons_NNS ,_, it_PP3 H19 167 might_MD be_BE held_VBN to_TO go_VB much_RB further_RBR than_CS you_PP2 H19 167 intend_VB ._. ^ I_PP1A fully_RB understand_VB H19 168 and_CC appreciate_VB your_PP$ desire_NN not_XNOT to_TO give_VB H19 168 reasons_NNS in_RB general_RB" ,_, but_CC on_IN this_DT H19 169 occasion_NN you_PP2 might_MD consider_VB it_PP3 worth_IN your_PP$ H19 169 while_NN to_TO do_DO so_PN ._. H19 170 ^ \0Mr_NPT Speaker_NPT :_: ^ if_CS it_PP3 be_BE thought_VBN that_CS H19 170 there_EX might_MD be_BE any_DTI H19 171 dubiety_NN *-_*- that_DT is_BEZ the_ATI word_NN *-_*- about_IN the_ATI H19 171 matter_NN ,_, I_PP1A will_MD say_VB that_CS my_PP$ H19 172 ruling_NN applies_VBZ to_IN nothing_PN at_IN all_ABN except_CS to_IN H19 172 circumstances_NNS where_WRB the_ATI H19 173 mace_NN is_BEZ not_XNOT in_IN the_ATI right_JJ place_NN and_CC when_WRB H19 173 there_EX is_BEZ a_AT suspension_NN under_IN H19 174 standing_JJ order_NN \0no_NN 24_CD ._. H19 175 ^ Sir_NPT \0H_NP Butcher_NP :_: ^ you_PP2 have_HV been_BEN good_JJ H19 175 enough_QLP ,_, \0Mr_NPT Speaker_NPT ,_, H19 176 to_TO say_VB that_CS on_IN behalf_NN of_IN the_ATI House_NPL you_PP2 H19 176 will_MD conduct_VB a_AT certain_JJ amount_NN H19 177 of_IN research_NN into_IN our_PP$ precedents_NNS ._. ^ if_CS ,_, as_IN H19 177 a_AT by-product_NN of_IN such_ABL H19 178 research_NN ,_, it_PP3 is_BEZ found_VBN that_CS in_IN recent_JJ H19 178 years_NNS the_ATI habit_NN of_IN discussing_VBG H19 179 certain_JJ rulings_NNS with_IN the_ATI chair_NN has_HVZ increased_VBN H19 179 ,_, may_MD I_PP1A ask_VB you_PP2 not_XNOT to_TO H19 180 hesitate_VB to_TO say_VB so_PN ,_, so_CS that_CS" we_PP1AS may_MD H19 180 conform_VB to_IN the_ATI more_QL orderly_JJ methods_NNS H19 181 of_IN our_PP$ predecessors_NNS ?_? H19 182 ^ \0Mr_NPT Speaker_NPT :_: ^ I_PP1A am_BEM obliged_VBN to_IN the_ATI H19 182 \0hon_NPT member_NN ._. ^ since_CS I_PP1A H19 183 came_VBD into_IN the_ATI service_NN of_IN the_ATI House_NPL I_PP1A H19 183 have_HV been_BEN trying_VBG gradually_RB to_TO get_VB H19 184 round_RP to_IN that_DT position_NN and_CC I_PP1A have_HV had_HVN H19 184 much_AP help_NN from_IN the_ATI House_NPL ._. H19 185 ^ \0Mr_NPT Denis_NP Howell_NP :_: ^ on_IN a_AT point_NN of_IN H19 185 order_NN ._. ^ would_MD you_PP2 also_RB H19 186 take_VB into_IN account_NN ,_, \0Mr_NPT Speaker_NPT ,_, the_ATI new_JJ H19 186 procedure_NN of_IN the_ATI patronage_NN H19 187 Secretary_NPT intervening_VBG in_IN our_PP$ affairs_NNS *-_*- H19 188 ^ \0Mr_NPT Speaker_NPT :_: ^ in_IN no_ATI circumstances_NNS can_MD H19 188 the_ATI \0hon_NPT member_NN H19 189 have_HV a_AT right_NN to_TO address_VB me_PP1O about_IN that_DT now_RN H19 189 ._. H19 190 ^ \0Mr_NPT Donnelly_NP :_: ^ on_IN a_AT point_NN of_IN order_NN ._. ^ H19 190 may_MD I_PP1A venture_VB to_TO H19 191 suggest_VB that_CS when_WRB the_ATI Minister_NPT of_IN works_NNS H19 191 investigates_VBZ the_ATI microphones_NNS ,_, H19 192 he_PP3A considers_VBZ not_XNOT only_RB new_JJ microphones_NNS but_CC H19 192 the_ATI possibility_NN of_IN reverting_VBG H19 193 to_IN the_ATI pre-war_JJB practice_NN of_IN not_XNOT having_HVG H19 193 microphones_NNS ,_, which_WDTR might_MD help_VB H19 194 the_ATI proceedings_NNS of_IN the_ATI House_NPL generally_RB ?_? H19 195 ^ \0Mr_NPT Speaker_NPT :_: ^ I_PP1A am_BEM obliged_VBN to_IN the_ATI H19 195 \0hon_NPT member_NN ._. ^ I_PP1A am_BEM sure_JJ H19 196 that_CS all_ABN the_ATI technical_JJ aspects_NNS will_MD be_BE H19 196 considered_VBN ,_, including_IN ,_, I_PP1A hope_VB ,_, H19 197 some_DTI examination_NN of_IN the_ATI microphones_NNS which_WDTR H19 197 we_PP1AS had_HVD before_RI and_CC which_WDTR H19 198 seemed_VBD to_TO be_BE satisfactory_JJ ._. H19 199 ^ her_PP$ majesty_NN the_ATI Queen_NPT (_( return_NN from_IN west_NR H19 199 Africa_NP )_) ._. H19 200 ^ the_ATI Prime_NPT Minister_NPT (_( \0Mr_NPT Harold_NP Macmillan_NP H19 200 )_) :_: ^ I_PP1A beg_VB to_TO move_VB ,_, H19 201 that_CS an_AT humble_JJ address_NN be_BE presented_VBN to_IN her_PP$ H19 201 majesty_NN ,_, assuring_VBG her_PP$ H19 202 majesty_NN of_IN the_ATI loyal_JJ and_CC affectionate_JJ welcome_NN H19 202 of_IN this_DT House_NPL to_IN her_PP$ H19 203 majesty_NN ,_, on_IN the_ATI occasion_NN of_IN her_PP$ return_NN H19 203 from_IN her_PP$ tour_NN of_IN west_NR Africa_NP H19 204 with_IN his_PP$ royal_JJ highness_NN the_ATI Duke_NPT of_IN H19 204 Edinburgh_NP ._. H19 205 ^ I_PP1A am_BEM sure_JJ that_CS this_DT motion_NN will_MD commend_VB H19 205 itself_PPL to_IN the_ATI House_NPL ._. ^ a_AT H19 206 month_NN ago_RB ,_, on_IN the_ATI eve_NN of_IN her_PP$ majesty's_NN$ H19 206 departure_NN for_IN west_NR Africa_NP ,_, the_ATI H19 207 House_NPL joined_VBD me_PP1O in_IN sending_VBG her_PP3O our_PP$ H19 207 warmest_JJT good_JJ wishes_NNS for_IN the_ATI success_NN H19 208 of_IN her_PP$ tour_NN and_CC a_AT safe_JJ return_NN ._. H19 209 ^ now_CS the_ATI Queen_NPT is_BEZ safely_RB back_RP with_IN us_PP1OS H19 209 ,_, I_PP1A venture_VB to_TO say_VB that_CS of_IN H19 210 the_ATI many_AP journeys_NNS which_WDTR she_PP3A and_CC his_PP$ H19 210 royal_JJ highness_NN have_HV so_QL tirelessly_RB H19 211 undertaken_VBN ,_, none_PN has_HVZ been_BEN crowned_VBN with_IN H19 211 greater_JJR success_NN than_IN this_DT ._. H20 2 this_DT means_VBZ that_CS a_AT man_NN now_RN reaching_VBG 65_CD H20 2 years_NNS of_IN age_NN can_MD earn_VB a_AT H20 3 flat-rate_JJB pension_NN of_IN *+3_NNU 18_CD \0s_NNU 6_CD \0d_NNU a_AT H20 3 week_NN *-_*- or_CC up_RP to_IN *+6_NNU 4_CD \0s_NNU a_AT H20 4 week_NN if_CS he_PP3A is_BEZ married_VBN *-_*- if_CS he_PP3A works_VBZ H20 4 until_CS he_PP3A is_BEZ 70_CD and_CC an_AT insured_JJ H20 5 woman_NN can_MD earn_VB a_AT similar_JJ pension_NN if_CS she_PP3A H20 5 works_VBZ until_CS she_PP3A is_BEZ 65_CD ._. H20 6 ^ the_ATI above_JJB are_BER the_ATI increases_NNS for_IN H20 6 contributions_NNS paid_VBN after_IN 2nd_OD H20 7 August_NR ,_, 1959_CD ._. H20 8 ^ for_IN every_AT 25_CD contributions_NNS paid_VBN for_IN weeks_NNS H20 8 up_RP to_IN 2nd_OD August_NR 1959_CD ,_, H20 9 increases_NNS are_BER at_IN the_ATI rate_NN of_IN 1_CD1 \0s_NNU 6_CD H20 9 \0d_NNU (_( 1_CD1 \0s_NNU for_IN the_ATI wife_NN )_) ._. ^ on_IN H20 10 widowhood_NN any_DTI 1_CD1 \0s_NNU increases_NNS earned_VBN for_IN H20 10 the_ATI wife_NN after_IN 16th_OD July_NR ,_, H20 11 1951_CD ,_, are_BER paid_VBN at_IN the_ATI 1_CD1 \0s_NNU 6_CD \0d_NNU H20 11 rate_NN ._. H20 12 ^ on_IN top_IN" of_IN" these_DTS increases_NNS of_IN flat-rate_JJB H20 12 pension_NN you_PP2 may_MD also_RB get_VB H20 13 extra_JJ graduated_JJ pension_NN if_CS you_PP2 do_DO not_XNOT retire_VB H20 13 at_IN age_NN 65_CD (_( 60_CD for_IN a_AT H20 14 woman_NN )_) ._. ^ this_DT can_MD arise_VB in_IN two_CD ways_NNS ._. H20 15 ^ firstly_RB ,_, if_CS you_PP2 are_BER 65_CD (_( 60_CD for_IN a_AT H20 15 woman_NN )_) you_PP2 work_VB for_IN an_AT employer_NN H20 16 and_CC are_BER paid_VBN more_AP than_IN *+9_NNU in_IN any_DTI week_NN H20 16 you_PP2 will_MD (_( unless_CS you_PP2 are_BER H20 17 contracted_VBN out_RP )_) pay_VB graduated_JJ contributions_NNS ._. ^ H20 17 these_DTS will_MD count_VB in_IN the_ATI H20 18 ordinary_JJ way_NN for_IN graduated_JJ pension_NN ._. H20 19 ^ secondly_RB ,_, the_ATI graduated_JJ part_NN of_IN the_ATI H20 19 pension_NN which_WDTR you_PP2 would_MD have_HV H20 20 drawn_VBN had_HVD you_PP2 retired_VBD at_IN age_NN 65_CD (_( 60_CD H20 20 for_IN a_AT woman_NN )_) will_MD be_BE treated_VBN as_CS if_CS" H20 21 it_PP3 were_BED a_AT graduated_JJ contribution_NN paid_VBN by_IN H20 21 you_PP2 and_CC your_PP$ employer_NN ._. ^ this_DT H20 22 means_VBZ that_CS half_ABN of_IN it_PP3 will_MD count_VB as_IN an_AT H20 22 extra_JJ contribution_NN by_IN you_PP2 H20 23 towards_IN further_JJB units_NNS of_IN graduated_JJ pension_NN ._. H20 24 ^ examples_NNS showing_VBG how_WRB the_ATI increases_NNS work_VB H20 24 for_IN people_NNS now_RN H20 25 approaching_VBG pension_NN age_NN with_IN various_JJ earnings_NNS H20 25 are_BER shown_VBN on_IN page_NN 31_CD ._. H20 26 ^ 47_CD ._. ^ the_ATI earnings_NNS rule_NN ._. H20 27 ^ because_CS the_ATI pension_NN is_BEZ for_IN people_NNS who_WPR H20 27 have_HV retired_VBN ,_, it_PP3 is_BEZ H20 28 reduced_VBN if_CS the_ATI pensioner_NN earns_VBZ more_AP than_IN a_AT H20 28 certain_JJ amount_NN while_CS he_PP3A is_BEZ H20 29 under_IN 70_CD (_( 65_CD for_IN a_AT woman_NN )_) ._. ^ the_ATI rule_NN H20 29 is_BEZ that_CS the_ATI pension_NN is_BEZ reduced_VBN by_IN H20 30 6_CD \0d_NNU for_IN every_AT complete_JJ shilling_NN of_IN net_JJB H20 30 earnings_NNS between_IN *+3_NNU 10_CD \0s_NNU H20 31 and_CC *+4_NNU 10_CD \0s_NNU a_AT week_NN ,_, and_CC by_IN 1_CD1 H20 31 \0s_NNU for_IN every_AT complete_JJ shilling_NN over_IN H20 32 *+4_NNU 10_CD \0s_NNU ._. ^ a_AT wife's_NN$ pension_NN is_BEZ H20 32 similarly_RB reduced_VBN if_CS she_PP3A earns_VBZ over_RB H20 33 *+3_NNU 10_CD \0s_NNU a_AT week_NN ._. H20 34 ^ a_AT pensioner_NN under_IN 70_CD (_( 65_CD for_IN a_AT woman_NN H20 34 )_) who_WPR earns_VBZ *+3_NNU 11_CD \0s_NNU or_CC H20 35 more_AP in_IN a_AT week_NN must_MD declare_VB the_ATI amount_NN H20 35 earned_VBN to_IN the_ATI local_JJ pensions_NNS H20 36 and_CC national_JJ insurance_NN office_NN without_IN delay_NN ._. H20 37 ^ 48_CD ._. ^ how_WRB and_CC when_WRB to_TO claim_VB retirement_NN H20 37 pension_NN ._. H20 38 ^ shortly_RB before_CS you_PP2 reach_VB pension_NN age_NN ,_, H20 38 whether_CS or_CC not_XNOT you_PP2 intend_VB H20 39 to_TO retire_VB ,_, you_PP2 should_MD apply_VB for_IN your_PP$ right_NN H20 39 to_IN a_AT pension_NN to_TO be_BE decided_VBN ._. H20 40 ^ the_ATI local_JJ pensions_NNS and_CC national_JJ insurance_NN H20 40 office_NN usually_RB sends_VBZ an_AT H20 41 application_NN form_NN to_IN each_DT insured_JJ person_NN ._. ^ but_CC H20 41 if_CS you_PP2 have_HV not_XNOT got_VBN one_CD1 H20 42 three_CD months_NNS before_CS you_PP2 reach_VB age_NN 65_CD (_( 60_CD H20 42 for_IN a_AT woman_NN )_) you_PP2 should_MD H20 43 enquire_VB at_IN your_PP$ local_JJ office_NN ._. H20 44 ^ before_CS you_PP2 can_MD be_BE awarded_VBN a_AT pension_NN you_PP2 H20 44 must_MD give_VB notice_NN in_IN H20 45 writing_NN of_IN the_ATI date_NN of_IN your_PP$ retirement_NN ._. ^ H20 45 you_PP2 can_MD do_DO this_DT up_RP to_IN 4_CD H20 46 months_NNS in_IN advance_NN ._. ^ if_CS a_AT man_NN and_CC wife_NN H20 46 both_ABX wish_VB to_TO claim_VB a_AT pension_NN ,_, H20 47 each_DT must_MD give_VB notice_NN even_CS if_CS" the_ATI wife_NN is_BEZ H20 47 doing_VBG no_ATI work_NN besides_IN her_PP$ H20 48 own_AP domestic_JJ duties_NNS ._. ^ if_CS your_PP$ claim_NN ,_, or_CC H20 48 your_PP$ notice_NN of_IN retirement_NN ,_, is_BEZ H20 49 late_JJ ,_, you_PP2 may_MD lose_VB benefit_NN ._. H20 50 ^ 49_CD ._. ^ cancelling_VBG retirement_NN ._. H20 51 ^ if_CS you_PP2 have_HV once_RB retired_VBN and_CC decide_VB to_TO H20 51 return_VB to_IN work_NN you_PP2 can_MD ,_, H20 52 instead_RB of_IN having_HVG your_PP$ pension_NN reduced_VBN for_IN H20 52 earnings_NNS ,_, cancel_VB your_PP$ H20 53 retirement_NN and_CC qualify_VB for_IN a_AT bigger_JJR pension_NN ,_, H20 53 as_CS described_VBN in_IN paragraph_NN H20 54 46_CD ,_, when_WRB you_PP2 finally_RB retire_VB or_CC reach_VB the_ATI H20 54 age_NN of_IN 70_CD (_( 65_CD for_IN a_AT woman_NN )_) ._. H20 55 ^ to_TO do_DO this_DT you_PP2 and_CC your_PP$ wife_NN will_MD both_ABX H20 55 have_HV to_TO give_VB up_RP your_PP$ pension_NN H20 56 for_IN the_ATI time_NN being_BEG and_CC you_PP2 will_MD have_HV to_TO H20 56 pay_VB full_JJ national_JJ insurance_NN H20 57 contributions_NNS while_CS you_PP2 are_BER working_VBG ._. H20 58 ^ widow's_NN$ benefits_NNS ._. H20 59 ^ for_IN the_ATI first_OD 13_CD weeks_NNS of_IN widowhood_NN H20 59 there_EX is_BEZ a_AT benefit_NN called_VBN H20 60 widow's_NN$ allowance_NN ._. ^ after_IN that_DT ,_, payment_NN of_IN H20 60 widow's_NN$ benefit_NN depends_VBZ on_IN H20 61 individual_JJ circumstances_NNS such_IN as_IN" family_NN H20 61 responsibilities_NNS and_CC age_NN ._. H20 62 ^ 50_CD ._. ^ widow's_NN$ allowance_NN ._. H20 63 ^ the_ATI standard_JJ rate_NN of_IN the_ATI allowance_NN is_BEZ H20 63 80_CD \0s_NNU a_AT week_NN for_IN the_ATI H20 64 first_OD 13_CD weeks_NNS of_IN widowhood_NN ,_, with_IN increases_NNS H20 64 of_IN 25_CD \0s_NNU a_AT week_NN for_IN the_ATI H20 65 eldest_JJT dependent_JJ child_NN and_CC 17_CD \0s_NNU a_AT week_NN H20 65 for_IN each_DT other_AP dependent_JJ H20 66 child_NN ._. H20 67 ^ the_ATI allowance_NN can_MD be_BE paid_VBN to_IN a_AT woman_NN H20 67 widowed_VBN over_IN 60_CD years_NNS of_IN age_NN H20 68 only_RB if_CS her_PP$ husband_NN was_BEDZ not_XNOT receiving_VBG a_AT H20 68 retirement_NN pension_NN ._. ^ the_ATI H20 69 general_JJ position_NN of_IN widows_NNS over_IN 60_CD is_BEZ H20 69 explained_VBN in_IN paragraph_NN 57_CD ._. H20 70 ^ 51_CD ._. ^ widowed_JJ mother's_NN$ allowance_NN ._. H20 71 ^ a_AT widow_NN left_VBN with_IN a_AT dependent_JJ child_NN (_( H20 71 see_VB paragraph_NN 22_CD )_) will_MD H20 72 usually_RB get_VB a_AT widowed_JJ mother's_NN$ allowance_NN when_WRB H20 72 she_PP3A has_HVZ finished_VBN drawing_VBG H20 73 her_PP$ widow's_NN$ allowance_NN ._. ^ the_ATI standard_JJ weekly_JJ H20 73 rate_NN of_IN widowed_JJ mother's_NN$ H20 74 allowance_NN is_BEZ 82_CD \0s_NNU 6_CD \0d_NNU for_IN the_ATI widow_NN H20 74 and_CC her_PP$ eldest_JJT child_NN ,_, with_IN H20 75 increases_NNS of_IN 17_CD \0s_NNU a_AT week_NN for_IN each_DT other_AP H20 75 dependent_JJ child_NN ._. ^ the_ATI H20 76 allowance_NN will_MD last_VB as_QL long_RB as_CS the_ATI widow_NN H20 76 has_HVZ a_AT dependent_JJ child_NN in_IN her_PP$ H20 77 family_NN ._. ^ the_ATI allowance_NN is_BEZ provided_VBN to_TO help_VB H20 77 the_ATI widowed_JJ mother_NN who_WPR ,_, H20 78 because_IN of_IN" her_PP$ children_NNS ,_, can_MD not_XNOT readily_RB H20 78 support_VB herself_PPL by_IN working_VBG ._. H20 79 ^ if_CS she_PP3A does_DOZ work_VB her_PP$ allowance_NN is_BEZ ,_, H20 79 therefore_RB ,_, reduced_VBN by_IN 6_CD \0d_NNU for_IN H20 80 every_AT complete_JJ shilling_NN of_IN net_JJB earnings_NNS between_IN H20 80 *+5_NNU and_CC *+6_NNU a_AT week_NN and_CC H20 81 by_IN 1_CD1 \0s_NNU for_IN every_AT complete_JJ shilling_NN over_IN H20 81 *+6_NNU ,_, but_CC it_PP3 can_MD not_XNOT be_BE H20 82 reduced_VBN by_IN more_AP than_IN the_ATI widow's_NN$ personal_JJ H20 82 part_NN of_IN the_ATI allowance_NN *-_*- H20 83 usually_RB 57_CD \0s_NNU 6_CD \0d_NNU a_AT week_NN *-_*- however_WRB H20 83 much_AP she_PP3A earns_VBZ ._. ^ a_AT widowed_JJ H20 84 mother_NN earning_VBG *+5_NNU 1_CD1 \0s_NNU or_CC more_AP in_IN any_DTI H20 84 week_NN must_MD declare_VB her_PP$ earnings_NNS H20 85 to_IN the_ATI local_JJ pensions_NNS and_CC national_JJ insurance_NN H20 85 office_NN without_IN delay_NN ._. H20 86 ^ 52_CD ._. ^ widowed_JJ mother's_NN$ personal_JJ allowance_NN ._. H20 87 ^ a_AT widow_NN whose_WP$R son_NN or_CC daughter_NN has_HVZ left_VBN H20 87 school_NN and_CC does_DOZ not_XNOT H20 88 qualify_VB as_IN a_AT dependent_JJ child_NN (_( see_VB paragraph_NN H20 88 22_CD )_) but_CC is_BEZ still_RB under_IN the_ATI H20 89 age_NN of_IN 18_CD and_CC living_VBG with_IN her_PP3O ,_, can_MD get_VB H20 89 a_AT widowed_JJ mother's_NN$ personal_JJ H20 90 allowance_NN ,_, usually_RB 57_CD \0s_NNU 6_CD \0d_NNU a_AT week_NN ,_, H20 90 when_WRB her_PP$ widow's_NN$ allowance_NN or_CC H20 91 widowed_JJ mother's_NN$ allowance_NN ends_VBZ ._. ^ this_DT H20 91 allowance_NN is_BEZ subject_JJ to_IN the_ATI H20 92 same_AP earnings_NNS rule_NN as_IN the_ATI full_JJ widowed_JJ H20 92 mother's_NN$ allowance_NN ._. H20 93 ^ 53_CD ._. ^ widow's_NN$ pension_NN ._. H20 94 ^ the_ATI standard_JJ weekly_JJ rate_NN of_IN widow's_NN$ pension_NN H20 94 is_BEZ 57_CD \0s_NNU 6_CD \0d_NNU and_CC H20 95 a_AT widow_NN may_MD get_VB it_PP3 in_IN either_DTX of_IN the_ATI H20 95 following_JJ ways_NNS :_: H20 97 (_( a_ZZ )_) when_WRB widow's_NN$ allowance_NN ends_VBZ ,_, if_CS H20 97 she_PP3A was_BEDZ over_IN 50_CD years_NNS of_IN age_NN H20 98 when_WRB her_PP$ husband_NN died_VBD and_CC had_HVD been_BEN H20 98 married_VBN for_IN 3_CD years_NNS or_CC more_AP ;_; H20 99 (_( b_ZZ )_) when_WRB widowed_JJ mother's_NN$ allowance_NN ends_VBZ H20 99 ,_, if_CS she_PP3A is_BEZ then_RN over_IN 50_CD H20 100 years_NNS of_IN age_NN (_( 40_CD if_CS her_PP$ husband_NN died_VBN H20 100 before_IN 4th_OD February_NR ,_, 1957_CD )_) and_CC 3_CD H20 101 years_NNS have_HV passed_VBN since_IN the_ATI date_NN of_IN her_PP$ H20 101 marriage_NN ._. H20 103 ^ the_ATI pension_NN is_BEZ provided_VBN to_TO help_VB the_ATI H20 103 older_JJR widow_NN who_WPR can_MD not_XNOT H20 104 readily_RB support_VB herself_PPL by_IN taking_VBG up_RP full-time_JJB H20 104 employment_NN ._. ^ if_CS she_PP3A is_BEZ H20 105 able_JJ to_TO work_VB ,_, her_PP$ widow's_NN$ pension_NN is_BEZ ,_, H20 105 therefore_RB ,_, reduced_VBN by_IN 6_CD \0d_NNU for_IN H20 106 every_AT complete_JJ shilling_NN of_IN net_JJB earnings_NNS between_IN H20 106 *+3_NNU 10_CD \0s_NNU and_CC *+4_NNU H20 107 10_CD \0s_NNU a_AT week_NN and_CC by_IN 1_CD1 \0s_NNU for_IN every_AT H20 107 complete_JJ shilling_NN over_IN *+4_NNU 10_CD \0s_NNU H20 108 ._. ^ a_AT widow_NN earning_VBG *+3_NNU 11_CD \0s_NNU or_CC more_AP H20 108 in_IN any_DTI week_NN is_BEZ required_VBN to_TO notify_VB H20 109 the_ATI local_JJ pensions_NNS and_CC national_JJ insurance_NN office_NN H20 109 without_IN delay_NN ._. H20 110 ^ there_EX are_BER special_JJ rules_NNS which_WDTR enable_VB a_AT H20 110 widow_NN who_WPR does_DOZ not_XNOT qualify_VB H20 111 for_IN the_ATI widow's_NN$ pension_NN or_CC qualifies_VBZ only_RB H20 111 for_IN the_ATI 10_CD \0s_NNU pension_NN (_( see_VB H20 112 paragraph_NN 55_CD )_) to_TO get_VB unemployment_NN or_CC sickness_NN H20 112 benefit_NN if_CS she_PP3A is_BEZ unable_JJ H20 113 to_TO find_VB work_NN or_CC is_BEZ unable_JJ to_TO work_VB because_IN H20 113 of_IN" illness_NN when_WRB the_ATI widow's_NN$ H20 114 allowance_NN or_CC widowed_JJ mother's_NN$ allowance_NN ends_VBZ ._. H20 115 ^ 54_CD ._. ^ what_WDT are_BER the_ATI contribution_NN conditions_NNS H20 115 ?_? H20 116 ^ only_RB the_ATI husband's_NN$ contributions_NNS count_VB for_IN H20 116 widow's_NN$ benefit_NN ;_; the_ATI H20 117 contribution_NN conditions_NNS can_MD not_XNOT be_BE fulfilled_VBN H20 117 on_IN the_ATI widow's_NN$ own_AP H20 118 insurance_NN record_NN ._. H20 119 ^ there_EX are_BER two_CD contribution_NN conditions_NNS :_: H20 121 ^ first_RB *-_*- the_ATI husband_NN must_MD normally_RB have_HV H20 121 paid_VBN at_RB least_RB" 156_CD H20 122 contributions_NNS of_IN any_DTI class_NN since_CS he_PP3A last_RB H20 122 became_VBD insured_VBN ._. H20 123 ^ second_RB *-_*- for_IN benefit_NN to_TO be_BE paid_VBN at_IN H20 123 the_ATI standard_JJ rate_NN the_ATI H20 124 husband_NN must_MD have_HV paid_VBN or_CC have_HV been_BEN credited_VBN H20 124 with_IN a_AT yearly_JJ average_NN of_IN H20 125 50_CD contributions_NNS ._. ^ if_CS this_DT average_NN is_BEZ below_IN H20 125 50_CD ,_, but_CC not_XNOT less_AP than_IN 13_CD ,_, H20 126 benefit_NN is_BEZ paid_VBN at_IN a_AT reduced_JJ rate_NN ._. H20 128 ^ 55_CD ._. ^ widow's_NN$ 10_CD \0s_NNU pension_NN ._. H20 129 ^ certain_JJ widows_NNS have_HV had_HVN preserved_VBN for_IN H20 129 them_PP3OS rights_NNS equivalent_JJ to_IN H20 130 those_DTS which_WDTR they_PP3AS might_MD have_HV expected_VBN under_IN H20 130 the_ATI acts_NNS in_IN force_NN before_IN H20 131 July_NR 1948_CD *-_*- the_ATI *'_*' 10_CD \0s_NNU pension_NN **'_**' H20 131 ._. ^ the_ATI widows_NNS in_IN question_NN are_BER those_DTS H20 132 whose_WP$R marriage_NN was_BEDZ before_IN 5th_OD July_NR ,_, 1948_CD H20 132 ,_, and_CC whose_WP$R husbands_NNS were_BED H20 133 insured_VBN under_IN the_ATI old_JJ scheme_NN immediately_RB before_IN H20 133 that_DT date_NN ._. H20 134 ^ 57_CD ._. ^ how_WRB and_CC when_WRB to_TO claim_VB widow's_NN$ H20 134 benefit_NN ._. H20 135 ^ a_AT person_NN registering_VBG a_AT death_NN can_MD get_VB a_AT H20 135 special_JJ death_NN H20 136 certificate_NN from_IN the_ATI Registrar_NPT of_IN deaths_NNS ._. ^ H20 136 on_IN the_ATI back_NN of_IN the_ATI H20 137 certificate_NN the_ATI widow_NN can_MD let_VB her_PP$ local_JJ H20 137 pensions_NNS and_CC national_JJ H20 138 insurance_NN office_NN know_VB that_CS she_PP3A wishes_VBZ to_TO H20 138 claim_VB benefit_NN ._. ^ a_AT form_NN on_IN H20 139 which_WDTR to_TO claim_VB will_MD then_RN be_BE sent_VBN to_IN her_PP3O H20 139 ._. ^ the_ATI form_NN can_MD also_RB be_BE H20 140 obtained_VBN from_IN any_DTI local_JJ pensions_NNS and_CC national_JJ H20 140 insurance_NN office_NN ._. H20 141 ^ if_CS a_AT claim_NN is_BEZ delayed_VBN more_RBR than_IN three_CD H20 141 months_NNS after_IN the_ATI husband's_NN$ H20 142 death_NN the_ATI widow_NN may_MD lose_VB some_DTI benefit_NN ._. H20 143 ^ widow's_NN$ benefit_NN stops_VBZ if_CS the_ATI widow_NN H20 143 remarries_VBZ ._. H20 144 ^ 57_CD ._. ^ widows_NNS over_IN 60_CD ._. H20 145 ^ retirement_NN pension_NN is_BEZ usually_RB paid_VBN instead_RB H20 145 of_IN widow's_NN$ pension_NN H20 146 to_IN widows_NNS who_WPR are_BER over_IN 60_CD when_WRB widowed_VBN ._. H20 146 ^ other_AP widows_NNS qualify_VB for_IN a_AT H20 147 retirement_NN pension_NN on_IN their_PP$ own_AP insurance_NN when_WRB H20 147 they_PP3AS retire_VB at_IN or_CC after_IN H20 148 reaching_VBG age_NN 60_CD ;_; there_EX are_BER special_JJ rules_NNS H20 148 to_TO make_VB it_PP3 easier_JJR for_IN them_PP3OS to_TO H20 149 qualify_VB ._. ^ but_CC a_AT widow_NN entitled_VBN to_IN widow's_NN$ H20 149 allowance_NN ,_, because_CS her_PP$ H20 150 husband_NN was_BEDZ not_XNOT receiving_VBG a_AT retirement_NN H20 150 pension_NN ,_, or_CC to_IN a_AT widowed_JJ H20 151 mother's_NN$ allowance_NN when_WRB over_IN 60_CD will_MD be_BE paid_VBN H20 151 that_DT allowance_NN if_CS ,_, as_CS is_BEZ H20 152 usually_RB the_ATI case_NN ,_, it_PP3 is_BEZ more_QL favourable_JJ H20 152 to_IN her_PP3O than_IN the_ATI flat-rate_JJB H20 153 retirement_NN pension_NN ._. H20 154 ^ the_ATI widow_NN of_IN a_AT man_NN who_WPR has_HVZ paid_VBN H20 154 graduated_JJ contributions_NNS will_MD get_VB H20 155 a_AT graduated_JJ addition_NN to_IN her_PP$ flat-rate_JJB retirement_NN H20 155 pension_NN equal_JJ to_IN H20 156 one-half_CD the_ATI graduated_JJ part_NN of_IN the_ATI pension_NN H20 156 which_WDTR her_PP$ husband_NN had_HVD H20 157 earned_VBN or_CC was_BEDZ drawing_VBG when_WRB he_PP3A died_VBD ._. ^ H20 157 this_DT will_MD be_BE on_IN top_IN" of_IN" any_DTI H20 158 graduated_JJ pension_NN which_WDTR she_PP3A herself_PPL has_HVZ H20 158 earned_VBN (_( see_VB paragraph_NN 45_CD )_) ._. H20 159 ^ if_CS she_PP3A becomes_VBZ a_AT widow_NN when_WRB under_IN 60_CD H20 159 ,_, she_PP3A will_MD receive_VB any_DTI H20 160 graduated_JJ pension_NN to_IN which_WDTR she_PP3A is_BEZ entitled_VBN H20 160 when_WRB she_PP3A qualifies_VBZ for_IN her_PP$ H20 161 retirement_NN pension_NN ._. H20 162 ^ a_AT widow_NN may_MD also_RB be_BE entitled_VBN to_IN an_AT H20 162 increase_NN of_IN retirement_NN pension_NN H20 163 because_IN of_IN" deferred_JJ retirement_NN (_( see_VB paragraph_NN H20 163 46_CD )_) ._. H20 164 ^ child's_NN$ special_JJ allowance_NN ._. H20 165 ^ 58_CD ._. ^ what_WDT is_BEZ a_AT child's_NN$ special_JJ allowance_NN H20 165 ?_? H20 166 ^ this_DT allowance_NN is_BEZ available_JJ to_IN a_AT woman_NN H20 166 whose_WP$R marriage_NN has_HVZ been_BEN H20 167 dissolved_VBN or_CC annulled_VBN ,_, and_CC is_BEZ paid_VBN on_IN H20 167 the_ATI death_NN of_IN her_PP$ former_AP husband_NN H20 168 if_CS she_PP3A has_HVZ a_AT child_NN to_IN whose_WP$R support_NN H20 168 he_PP3A was_BEDZ contributing_VBG at_RB least_RB" 5_CD \0s_NNU H20 169 a_AT week_NN in_IN cash_NN or_CC its_PP$ equivalent_NN ._. ^ the_ATI H20 169 allowance_NN can_MD not_XNOT be_BE paid_VBN if_CS the_ATI H20 170 woman_NN has_HVZ remarried_VBN ._. H20 171 ^ the_ATI amount_NN of_IN the_ATI allowance_NN depends_VBZ on_IN H20 171 the_ATI amount_NN the_ATI former_AP H20 172 husband_NN was_BEDZ paying_VBG towards_IN the_ATI child's_NN$ H20 172 support_NN at_IN his_PP$ death_NN subject_JJ to_IN H20 173 a_AT maximum_NN of_IN 25_CD \0s_NNU for_IN the_ATI first_OD child_NN H20 173 and_CC 17_CD \0s_NNU for_IN each_DT other_AP H20 174 child_NN in_IN addition_NN to_IN family_NN allowances_NNS ._. H20 175 ^ the_ATI contribution_NN conditions_NNS are_BER the_ATI same_AP H20 175 as_CS for_IN widow's_NN$ benefit_NN H20 176 (_( see_VB paragraph_NN 54_CD )_) ,_, except_CS that_CS" the_ATI H20 176 allowance_NN is_BEZ not_XNOT reduced_VBN where_WRB the_ATI H20 177 former_AP husband's_NN$ yearly_JJ average_NN of_IN paid_JJ or_CC H20 177 credited_JJ contributions_NNS is_BEZ H20 178 below_IN 50_CD although_CS the_ATI allowance_NN can_MD not_XNOT be_BE H20 178 paid_VBN if_CS the_ATI average_NN is_BEZ below_IN H20 179 13_CD ._. H20 180 ^ the_ATI allowance_NN should_MD be_BE claimed_VBN within_IN H20 180 three_CD months_NNS of_IN the_ATI former_AP H20 181 husband's_NN$ death_NN ,_, otherwise_RB some_DTI benefit_NN may_MD H20 181 be_BE lost_VBN ._. ^ a_AT claim_NN form_NN can_MD H20 182 be_BE obtained_VBN through_IN any_DTI local_JJ pensions_NNS and_CC H20 182 national_JJ insurance_NN office_NN ._. H20 183 ^ guardian's_NN$ allowance_NN ._. H20 184 ^ 59_CD ._. ^ for_IN orphan_NN children_NNS ._. H20 185 ^ a_AT guardian's_NN$ allowance_NN is_BEZ a_AT payment_NN of_IN H20 185 32_CD \0s_NNU 6_CD \0d_NNU a_AT week_NN to_IN H20 186 the_ATI person_NN who_WPR takes_VBZ into_IN his_PP$ family_NN an_AT H20 186 orphan_NN child_NN both_ABX of_IN whose_WP$R H20 187 parents_NNS are_BER dead_JJ ._. ^ special_JJ rules_NNS apply_VB to_IN H20 187 the_ATI children_NNS of_IN divorced_JJ H20 188 parents_NNS ,_, to_IN adopted_JJ children_NNS ,_, to_IN illegitimate_JJ H20 188 children_NNS and_CC to_IN children_NNS H20 189 one_CD1 of_IN whose_WP$R parents_NNS is_BEZ missing_JJ at_IN the_ATI H20 189 time_NN the_ATI other_AP dies_VBZ ._. H20 190 ^ one_CD1 of_IN the_ATI orphan's_NN$ parents_NNS must_MD have_HV H20 190 been_BEN insured_VBN ,_, but_CC there_EX is_BEZ H20 191 no_ATI requirement_NN that_CS any_DTI particular_JJ number_NN of_IN H20 191 contributions_NNS should_MD have_HV H20 192 been_BEN paid_VBN ._. H20 193 ^ the_ATI allowance_NN should_MD be_BE claimed_VBN not_XNOT H20 193 later_RBR than_IN 3_CD months_NNS after_CS the_ATI H20 194 child_NN joins_VBZ the_ATI family_NN ;_; otherwise_RB the_ATI H20 194 guardian_NN may_MD lose_VB some_DTI benefit_NN ._. H20 195 ^ a_AT claim_NN form_NN can_MD be_BE obtained_VBN from_IN the_ATI H20 195 local_JJ pensions_NNS and_CC national_JJ H20 196 insurance_NN office_NN ._. H20 197 ^ a_AT child_NN for_IN whom_WPOR a_AT guardian's_NN$ allowance_NN H20 197 is_BEZ being_BEG paid_VBN can_MD not_XNOT H20 198 count_VB for_IN the_ATI purpose_NN of_IN family_NN allowances_NNS ._. H20 199 ^ death_NN grant_NN ._. H20 200 ^ 60_CD ._. ^ what_WDT is_BEZ a_AT death_NN grant_NN ?_? H20 201 ^ a_AT death_NN grant_NN is_BEZ a_AT sum_NN paid_VBN on_IN the_ATI H20 201 death_NN of_IN an_AT insured_JJ person_NN H20 202 or_CC of_IN the_ATI wife_NN ,_, husband_NN or_CC child_NN of_IN an_AT H20 202 insured_JJ person_NN ._. H21 2 ^ thirty-six_CD per_NNU \0cent_NNU" of_IN our_PP$ imports_NNS come_VB H21 2 from_IN the_ATI commonwealth_NN ;_; H21 3 but_CC I_PP1A think_VB I_PP1A am_BEM correct_JJ in_IN saying_VBG H21 3 that_CS over_RB 20_CD per_NNU \0cent_NNU" of_IN H21 4 metropolitan_JJ France's_NP$ imports_NNS come_VB from_IN H21 4 territories_NNS having_HVG a_AT special_JJ H21 5 relationship_NN with_IN her_PP3O ._. ^ be_BE that_DT as_CS it_PP3 H21 5 may_MD ,_, the_ATI trade_NN is_BEZ of_IN very_QL great_JJ H21 6 importance_NN to_IN the_ATI commonwealth_NN countries_NNS concerned_VBN H21 6 ._. ^ for_IN example_NN ,_, H21 7 among_IN the_ATI dependent_NN or_CC newly_RB independent_JJ H21 7 countries_NNS ,_, Mauritius_NP sends_VBZ 82_CD H21 8 per_NNU \0cent_NNU" of_IN her_PP$ exports_NNS to_IN the_ATI United_NP H21 8 Kingdom_NPL ;_; Sierra_NP Leone_NP 70_CD per_NNU H21 9 \0cent_NNU" ;_; and_CC Nigeria_NP 51_CD per_NNU \0cent_NNU" ._. ^ of_IN H21 9 the_ATI older_JJR commonwealth_NN H21 10 countries_NNS ,_, New_NP Zealand_NP is_BEZ also_RB heavily_RB H21 10 dependent_JJ on_IN the_ATI United_NP Kingdom_NPL H21 11 market_NN ,_, sending_VBG 56_CD per_NNU \0cent_NNU" of_IN her_PP$ H21 11 exports_NNS to_IN us_PP1OS ._. ^ the_ATI proportions_NNS H21 12 of_IN their_PP$ exports_NNS which_WDTR Australia_NP ,_, India_NP and_CC H21 12 Ceylon_NP send_VB to_IN the_ATI United_NP H21 13 Kingdom_NPL are_BER of_IN the_ATI order_NN of_IN 30_CD per_NNU H21 13 \0cent_NNU" H21 14 ._. ^ 32_CD ._. ^ on_IN the_ATI assumption_NN that_CS there_EX H21 14 is_BEZ general_JJ recognition_NN of_IN the_ATI H21 15 need_NN to_TO devise_VB satisfactory_JJ arrangements_NNS to_TO H21 15 protect_VB vital_JJ interests_NNS of_IN H21 16 commonwealth_NN countries_NNS ,_, and_CC with_IN this_DT background_NN H21 16 in_IN mind_NN ,_, I_PP1A think_VB it_PP3 H21 17 would_MD be_BE helpful_JJ to_TO suggest_VB in_IN more_AP detail_NN H21 17 how_WRB the_ATI problem_NN might_MD be_BE H21 18 split_VBN up_RP into_IN its_PP$ different_JJ components_NNS ,_, and_CC H21 18 how_WRB each_DT of_IN these_DTS might_MD be_BE H21 19 treated_VBN ._. H21 20 ^ 33_CD ._. ^ I_PP1A would_MD like_VB to_TO begin_VB with_IN the_ATI H21 20 less_QL developed_JJ members_NNS of_IN the_ATI H21 21 commonwealth_NN and_CC those_DTS territories_NNS which_WDTR are_BER H21 21 still_RB dependent_JJ ._. ^ may_MD I_PP1A H21 22 start_VB by_IN trying_VBG to_TO describe_VB briefly_RB the_ATI H21 22 nature_NN and_CC needs_NNS of_IN these_DTS H21 23 countries_NNS and_CC territories_NNS ?_? ^ of_IN the_ATI dependent_JJ H21 23 territories_NNS some_DTI are_BER H21 24 moving_VBG towards_IN independence_NN and_CC at_RB least_RB" one_CD1 H21 24 ,_, Tanganyika_NP ,_, will_MD be_BE an_AT H21 25 independent_JJ member_NN of_IN the_ATI commonwealth_NN by_IN the_ATI H21 25 time_NN our_PP$ negotiations_NNS H21 26 are_BER completed_VBN ._. ^ for_IN others_APS we_PP1AS can_MD not_XNOT H21 26 foresee_VB ,_, at_IN any_DTI rate_NN for_IN some_DTI H21 27 time_NN to_TO come_VB ,_, a_AT constitutional_JJ position_NN more_QL H21 27 advanced_JJ than_IN that_DT of_IN H21 28 internal_JJ self-government_NN ._. ^ of_IN the_ATI less_QL developed_JJ H21 28 countries_NNS which_WDTR are_BER H21 29 already_RB independent_JJ members_NNS of_IN the_ATI commonwealth_NN ,_, H21 29 three_CD *-_*- Ghana_NP ,_, H21 30 Nigeria_NP and_CC Sierra_NP Leone_NP *-_*- are_BER in_IN Africa_NP ;_; H21 30 four_CD *-_*- India_NP ,_, Pakistan_NP ,_, H21 31 Ceylon_NP and_CC Malaya_NP *-_*- are_BER in_IN Asia_NP ;_; and_CC H21 31 one_CD1 ,_, Cyprus_NP ,_, is_BEZ in_IN Europe_NP ._. ^ apart_IN H21 32 from_IN" Cyprus_NP ,_, Malta_NP ,_, Gibraltar_NP and_CC the_ATI H21 32 Falkland_NP Islands_NPLS ,_, all_ABN these_DTS H21 33 countries_NNS and_CC territories_NNS have_HV tropical_JJ or_CC H21 33 sub-tropical_JJ climates_NNS ._. H21 34 ^ they_PP3AS nearly_RB all_ABN produce_VB tropical_JJ products_NNS H21 34 and_CC raw_JJ materials_NNS many_AP of_IN H21 35 which_WDTR are_BER also_RB produced_VBN by_IN the_ATI countries_NNS H21 35 and_CC territories_NNS at_IN present_NN H21 36 associated_VBN with_IN the_ATI community_NN under_IN part_NN 4_CD of_IN H21 36 the_ATI treaty_NN of_IN Rome_NP ._. H21 37 ^ many_AP of_IN them_PP3OS are_BER seeking_VBG to_TO establish_VB H21 37 secondary_JJ industries_NNS in_TO order_TO" H21 38 to_TO" diversify_VB their_PP$ economies_NNS and_CC reduce_VB their_PP$ H21 38 very_QL great_JJ dependence_NN H21 39 upon_IN imports_NNS ._. ^ India_NP ,_, Pakistan_NP and_CC Hong_NP H21 39 Kong_NP are_BER also_RB exporters_NNS of_IN H21 40 certain_JJ manufactured_JJ goods_NNS ;_; and_CC some_DTI others_APS ,_, H21 40 such_IN as_IN" Malta_NP and_CC the_ATI H21 41 West_NP Indies_NPS ,_, hope_VB to_TO follow_VB their_PP$ example_NN ,_, H21 41 though_CS on_IN a_AT much_RB smaller_JJR H21 42 scale_NN ._. H21 43 ^ 34_CD ._. ^ all_ABN these_DTS countries_NNS and_CC territories_NNS H21 43 attach_VB importance_NN to_IN the_ATI H21 44 preferences_NNS and_CC duty-free_JJ entry_NN which_WDTR they_PP3AS H21 44 enjoy_VB in_IN the_ATI United_NP Kingdom_NPL H21 45 market_NN ._. ^ there_EX are_BER a_AP few_AP" other_AP special_JJ H21 45 arrangements_NNS ,_, which_WDTR are_BER vital_JJ H21 46 to_IN certain_JJ of_IN them_PP3OS ._. ^ for_IN some_DTI territories_NNS H21 46 it_PP3 is_BEZ also_RB of_IN importance_NN *-_*- H21 47 in_IN some_DTI cases_NNS of_IN great_JJ importance_NN *-_*- to_TO be_BE H21 47 able_JJ to_TO compete_VB in_IN the_ATI H21 48 markets_NNS of_IN the_ATI rest_NN of_IN Europe_NP on_IN equal_JJ H21 48 terms_NNS with_IN other_AP exporters_NNS of_IN H21 49 similar_JJ products_NNS ._. ^ they_PP3AS would_MD certainly_RB not_XNOT H21 49 understand_VB if_CS ,_, as_IN a_AT result_NN H21 50 of_IN becoming_VBG a_AT member_NN of_IN the_ATI community_NN ,_, H21 50 the_ATI United_NP Kingdom_NPL were_BED obliged_VBN H21 51 to_TO discriminate_VB against_IN them_PP3OS in_IN favour_NN of_IN H21 51 other_AP non-European_JNP H21 52 countries_NNS ._. ^ another_DT feature_NN of_IN many_AP of_IN these_DTS H21 52 countries_NNS and_CC territories_NNS H21 53 is_BEZ that_CS their_PP$ need_NN to_TO encourage_VB industrial_JJ H21 53 development_NN and_CC their_PP$ H21 54 unavoidable_JJ reliance_NN on_IN indirect_JJ taxation_NN for_IN H21 54 revenue_NN makes_VBZ it_PP3 H21 55 necessary_JJ for_IN them_PP3OS to_TO put_VB tariffs_NNS on_IN H21 55 imports_NNS of_IN manufactured_JJ goods_NNS ._. H21 56 ^ 35_CD ._. ^ in_IN considering_VBG the_ATI problems_NNS which_WDTR H21 56 our_PP$ entry_NN into_IN the_ATI common_JJ H21 57 market_NN would_MD create_VB for_IN these_DTS countries_NNS and_CC H21 57 territories_NNS we_PP1AS have_HV H21 58 studied_VBN with_IN great_JJ interest_NN the_ATI arrangements_NNS H21 58 laid_VBN down_RP in_IN part_NN 4_CD of_IN H21 59 the_ATI treaty_NN of_IN Rome_NP and_CC in_IN the_ATI related_JJ H21 59 convention_NN for_IN the_ATI association_NN H21 60 with_IN the_ATI \0E.E.C_NP of_IN certain_JJ overseas_JJB countries_NNS H21 60 and_CC territories_NNS H21 61 with_IN whom_WPOR members_NNS of_IN that_DT community_NN previously_RB H21 61 had_HVD special_JJ relations_NNS ._. H21 62 ^ some_DTI commonwealth_NN countries_NNS have_HV expressed_VBN the_ATI H21 62 opinion_NN that_CS the_ATI H21 63 present_JJ arrangements_NNS for_IN association_NN are_BER not_XNOT H21 63 appropriate_JJ for_IN H21 64 independent_JJ states_NNS ._. ^ but_CC this_DT view_NN may_MD not_XNOT H21 64 apply_VB to_IN the_ATI new_JJ H21 65 arrangements_NNS when_WRB it_PP3 is_BEZ known_VBN what_WDT they_PP3AS H21 65 will_MD be_BE ._. ^ in_IN any_DTI case_NN we_PP1AS H21 66 should_MD like_VB to_TO see_VB the_ATI less_QL developed_JJ members_NNS H21 66 of_IN the_ATI commonwealth_NN ,_, and_CC H21 67 our_PP$ dependent_JJ territories_NNS ,_, given_VBN the_ATI H21 67 opportunity_NN ,_, if_CS they_PP3AS so_PN wish_VB ,_, to_TO H21 68 enter_VB into_IN association_NN with_IN the_ATI community_NN on_IN H21 68 the_ATI same_AP terms_NNS as_IN those_DTS H21 69 which_WDTR will_MD in_IN future_NN be_BE available_JJ to_IN the_ATI H21 69 present_JJ associated_JJ overseas_JJB H21 70 countries_NNS and_CC territories_NNS ._. ^ this_DT is_BEZ something_PN H21 70 we_PP1AS shall_MD need_VB to_TO H21 71 discuss_VB ,_, and_CC we_PP1AS know_VB that_CS you_PP2 are_BER H21 71 already_RB at_IN work_NN on_IN a_AT review_NN of_IN the_ATI H21 72 present_JJ arrangements_NNS for_IN association_NN ._. ^ some_DTI H21 72 commonwealth_NN countries_NNS may_MD H21 73 feel_VB that_CS some_DTI other_AP arrangements_NNS might_MD suit_VB H21 73 them_PP3OS better_RBR ._. ^ we_PP1AS would_MD H21 74 not_XNOT wish_VB to_TO prejudge_VB any_DTI solutions_NNS they_PP3AS H21 74 may_MD decide_VB to_TO propose_VB ._. H21 75 ^ 36_CD ._. ^ association_NN may_MD ,_, therefore_RB ,_, be_BE a_AT H21 75 solution_NN for_IN the_ATI problems_NNS of_IN H21 76 many_AP commonwealth_NN countries_NNS and_CC territories_NNS ._. ^ H21 76 but_CC for_IN others_APS it_PP3 may_MD H21 77 not_XNOT be_BE possible_JJ ._. ^ one_CD1 way_NN of_IN dealing_VBG H21 77 with_IN the_ATI problems_NNS of_IN those_DTS who_WPR H21 78 are_BER not_XNOT associated_VBN would_MD be_BE to_TO arrange_VB for_IN H21 78 them_PP3OS to_TO maintain_VB unimpaired_JJ H21 79 their_PP$ rights_NNS of_IN access_NN to_IN the_ATI United_NP H21 79 Kingdom_NPL market_NN ,_, in_IN the_ATI same_AP way_NN H21 80 as_CS was_BEDZ done_VBN for_IN Morocco's_NP$ trade_NN with_IN France_NP H21 80 ,_, or_CC for_IN Surinam's_NP$ trade_NN H21 81 with_IN Benelux_NP ,_, under_IN the_ATI relevant_JJ protocol_NN to_IN H21 81 the_ATI Rome_NP treaty_NN ._. ^ but_CC we_PP1AS H21 82 recognise_VB that_CS this_DT solution_NN would_MD not_XNOT be_BE H21 82 applicable_JJ in_IN all_ABN cases_NNS ._. H21 83 ^ another_DT method_NN of_IN proceeding_VBG would_MD be_BE to_TO H21 83 consider_VB the_ATI problems_NNS on_IN a_AT H21 84 commodity-by-commodity_JJB basis_NN ._. ^ perhaps_RB it_PP3 would_MD H21 84 be_BE helpful_JJ if_CS I_PP1A were_BED H21 85 to_TO say_VB something_PN ,_, at_IN this_DT point_NN ,_, about_IN H21 85 the_ATI main_JJB groups_NNS of_IN H21 86 commodities_NNS *-_*- tropical_JJ products_NNS ,_, materials_NNS ,_, H21 86 manufactures_NNS and_CC temperate_JJ H21 87 foodstuffs_NNS ._. H21 88 ^ 37_CD ._. ^ difficulties_NNS will_MD arise_VB over_IN tropical_JJ H21 88 products_NNS if_CS one_CD1 or_CC H21 89 more_AP of_IN the_ATI less-developed_JJB countries_NNS or_CC H21 89 territories_NNS of_IN the_ATI H21 90 commonwealth_NN do_DO not_XNOT enter_VB into_IN an_AT appropriate_JJ H21 90 form_NN of_IN association_NN with_IN H21 91 the_ATI community_NN ._. ^ there_EX does_DOZ not_XNOT appear_VB to_TO H21 91 be_BE any_DTI complete_JJ solution_NN of_IN H21 92 such_ABL difficulties_NNS ._. ^ but_CC we_PP1AS see_VB two_CD H21 92 alternative_JJ lines_NNS of_IN approach_NN ._. ^ the_ATI H21 93 first_OD ,_, which_WDTR would_MD be_BE appropriate_JJ when_WRB not_XNOT H21 93 only_RB equality_NN of_IN H21 94 opportunity_NN but_CC also_RB some_DTI measure_NN of_IN protection_NN H21 94 is_BEZ essential_JJ ,_, would_MD be_BE H21 95 to_TO grant_VB free_JJ entry_NN into_IN the_ATI United_NP Kingdom_NPL H21 95 market_NN alone_RB for_IN the_ATI H21 96 commonwealth_NN country_NN or_CC territory_NN which_WDTR is_BEZ H21 96 not_XNOT associated_VBN ,_, and_CC then_RN to_TO H21 97 fix_VB the_ATI common_JJ tariff_NN of_IN the_ATI enlarged_JJ H21 97 community_NN at_IN a_AT level_NN which_WDTR would_MD H21 98 safeguard_VB the_ATI interests_NNS both_ABX of_IN that_DT country_NN H21 98 and_CC of_IN the_ATI countries_NNS and_CC H21 99 territories_NNS associated_VBN with_IN the_ATI community_NN ._. ^ H21 99 the_ATI second_OD line_NN of_IN H21 100 approach_NN would_MD be_BE to_TO fix_VB a_AT zero_CD ,_, or_CC a_AT H21 100 very_QL low_JJ ,_, level_NN for_IN the_ATI common_JJ H21 101 tariff_NN ._. ^ for_IN a_AP few_AP" important_JJ commodities_NNS H21 101 we_PP1AS believe_VB that_CS it_PP3 would_MD be_BE H21 102 possible_JJ to_TO do_DO this_DT without_IN significant_JJ damage_NN H21 102 to_IN the_ATI interests_NNS of_IN the_ATI H21 103 countries_NNS and_CC territories_NNS associated_VBN with_IN the_ATI H21 103 community_NN ._. ^ for_IN example_NN ,_, H21 104 tea_NN is_BEZ a_AT commodity_NN of_IN great_JJ importance_NN to_IN H21 104 India_NP and_CC Ceylon_NP ,_, and_CC so_PN is_BEZ H21 105 cocoa_NN to_IN Ghana_NP ._. ^ a_AT zero_CD common_JJ tariff_NN would_MD H21 105 go_VB a_AT considerable_JJ way_NN to_TO H21 106 meet_VB the_ATI trade_NN problems_NNS of_IN those_DTS countries_NNS H21 106 if_CS they_PP3AS were_BED not_XNOT solved_VBN by_IN H21 107 association_NN ._. H21 108 ^ 38_CD ._. ^ materials_NNS should_MD not_XNOT in_RB general_RB" H21 108 give_VB rise_NN to_IN H21 109 difficulties_NNS ,_, as_CS the_ATI common_JJ tariff_NN on_IN most_AP H21 109 of_IN them_PP3OS is_BEZ zero_CD ._. ^ there_EX H21 110 are_BER ,_, however_RB ,_, a_AP few_AP" on_IN which_WDTR it_PP3 is_BEZ H21 110 substantial_JJ ._. ^ five_CD of_IN them_PP3OS *-_*- H21 111 aluminium_NN ,_, wood_NN pulp_NN ,_, newsprint_NN ,_, lead_NN and_CC H21 111 zinc_NN *-_*- are_BER of_IN great_JJ H21 112 importance_NN to_IN certain_JJ commonwealth_NN countries_NNS :_: on_IN H21 112 these_DTS five_CD materials_NNS H21 113 we_PP1AS would_MD wish_VB to_TO seek_VB a_AT zero_CD tariff_NN ._. H21 114 ^ 39_CD ._. ^ manufactures_NNS are_BER ,_, with_IN a_AT very_QL H21 114 few_AP exceptions_NNS ,_, imported_VBN H21 115 duty-free_RB into_IN the_ATI United_NP Kingdom_NPL both_ABX from_IN H21 115 the_ATI developed_JJ countries_NNS in_IN H21 116 the_ATI commonwealth_NN *-_*- Canada_NP ,_, Australia_NP and_CC New_NP H21 116 Zealand_NP *-_*- and_CC from_IN the_ATI H21 117 less_QL developed_JJ Asian_JNP countries_NNS ._. ^ exporting_JJ H21 117 industries_NNS in_IN all_ABN these_DTS H21 118 countries_NNS have_HV been_BEN assisted_VBN in_IN their_PP$ H21 118 development_NN by_IN free_JJ entry_NN and_CC H21 119 the_ATI preferential_JJ position_NN they_PP3AS have_HV enjoyed_VBN H21 119 in_IN the_ATI United_NP Kingdom_NPL ._. H21 120 ^ they_PP3AS would_MD be_BE seriously_RB affected_VBN ,_, not_XNOT H21 120 only_RB by_IN loss_NN of_IN preferences_NNS in_IN H21 121 our_PP$ market_NN ,_, but_CC also_RB if_CS their_PP$ position_NN H21 121 were_BED transformed_VBN into_IN one_CD1 in_IN H21 122 which_WDTR the_ATI whole_NN of_IN their_PP$ export_NN trade_NN was_BEDZ H21 122 affected_VBN by_IN reverse_JJ H21 123 preferences_NNS in_IN favour_NN of_IN the_ATI major_JJ industrial_JJ H21 123 countries_NNS in_IN Europe_NP ._. H21 124 ^ nevertheless_RB we_PP1AS recognise_VB that_CS indefinite_JJ and_CC H21 124 unlimited_JJ continuation_NN H21 125 of_IN free_JJ entry_NN over_IN the_ATI whole_NN of_IN this_DT field_NN H21 125 may_MD not_XNOT be_BE regarded_VBN as_CS H21 126 compatible_JJ with_IN the_ATI development_NN of_IN the_ATI common_JJ H21 126 market_NN and_CC we_PP1AS are_BER H21 127 willing_JJ to_TO discuss_VB ways_NNS of_IN reconciling_VBG these_DTS H21 127 two_CD conflicting_JJ H21 128 considerations_NNS ._. ^ I_PP1A believe_VB that_CS the_ATI problem_NN H21 128 is_BEZ of_IN manageable_JJ H21 129 proportions_NNS ._. ^ the_ATI trade_NN in_IN question_NN is_BEZ H21 129 important_JJ to_IN the_ATI commonwealth_NN H21 130 countries_NNS concerned_VBN but_CC it_PP3 is_BEZ not_XNOT large_JJ H21 130 in_IN total_NN in_IN comparison_NN with_IN H21 131 European_JNP trade_NN ._. H21 132 ^ 40_CD ._. ^ the_ATI problem_NN arises_VBZ in_IN a_AT special_JJ H21 132 form_NN for_IN manufactures_NNS from_IN H21 133 the_ATI less-developed_JJB countries_NNS ,_, the_ATI so-called_JJB H21 133 low_JJ cost_NN manufactures_NNS ._. ^ it_PP3 H21 134 occurs_VBZ most_QL acutely_RB in_IN relation_NN to_IN Asian_JNP H21 134 commonwealth_NN countries_NNS and_CC H21 135 the_ATI colony_NN of_IN Hong_NP Kong_NP ._. ^ there_EX is_BEZ H21 135 increasing_JJ international_JJ H21 136 recognition_NN that_CS developed_JJ countries_NNS have_HV a_AT duty_NN H21 136 to_TO facilitate_VB H21 137 international_JJ trade_NN in_IN this_DT field_NN as_QL much_RB as_CS H21 137 they_PP3AS can_MD ._. ^ but_CC what_WDT the_ATI H21 138 nature_NN of_IN the_ATI solution_NN should_MD be_BE in_IN the_ATI H21 138 context_NN of_IN our_PP$ joining_VBG the_ATI H21 139 \0E.E.C_NP ,_, must_MD depend_VB on_IN how_WRB far_RB it_PP3 can_MD H21 139 be_BE dealt_VBN with_IN under_IN H21 140 arrangements_NNS for_IN a_AT part_NN 4_CD association_NN ._. ^ you_PP2 H21 140 will_MD probably_RB agree_VB that_CS H21 141 it_PP3 would_MD not_XNOT be_BE in_IN the_ATI general_JJ interest_NN H21 141 that_CS the_ATI United_NP Kingdom_NPL should_MD H21 142 erect_VB fresh_JJ tariff_NN barriers_NNS to_TO cut_VB back_RP such_ABL H21 142 trade_NN ._. H21 143 ^ 41_CD ._. ^ a_AT major_JJ concern_NN of_IN the_ATI more_QL H21 143 fully_RB developed_JJ members_NNS of_IN the_ATI H21 144 commonwealth_NN is_BEZ their_PP$ trade_NN with_IN us_PP1OS in_IN H21 144 temperate_JJ foodstuffs_NNS ._. H21 145 ^ Australia_NP ,_, New_NP Zealand_NP ,_, and_CC Canada_NP ,_, in_RB H21 145 particular_RB" ,_, have_HV vital_JJ H21 146 interests_NNS in_IN this_DT field_NN for_IN which_WDTR special_JJ H21 146 arrangements_NNS must_MD be_BE made_VBN ._. H21 147 ^ 42_CD ._. ^ I_PP1A should_MD like_VB to_TO give_VB you_PP2 H21 147 some_DTI figures_NNS to_TO demonstrate_VB how_WRB H21 148 essential_JJ to_IN these_DTS countries_NNS exports_NNS of_IN H21 148 temperate_JJ foodstuffs_NNS are_BER ._. ^ New_NP H21 149 Zealand's_NP$ total_JJ exports_NNS in_IN 1959_CD were_BED valued_VBN H21 149 at_IN *+290_NNU million_CD ._. ^ of_IN H21 150 these_DTS *+170_NNU million_CD worth_NN ,_, or_CC about_RB 60_CD H21 150 per_NNU \0cent_NNU" ,_, were_BED temperate_JJ H21 151 foodstuffs_NNS ._. ^ *+130_NNU million_CD worth_NN ,_, out_RP of_IN H21 151 the_ATI total_JJ *+170_NNU million_CD ,_, came_VBD H21 152 to_IN the_ATI United_NP Kingdom_NPL ._. ^ the_ATI bulk_NN of_IN H21 152 these_DTS exports_NNS to_IN us_PP1OS consisted_VBD of_IN H21 153 mutton_NN ,_, lamb_NN ,_, butter_NN and_CC cheese_NN ._. ^ over_RB H21 153 90_CD per_NNU \0cent_NNU" of_IN total_JJ exports_NNS H21 154 of_IN these_DTS commodities_NNS came_VBD to_IN the_ATI United_NP H21 154 Kingdom_NPL ._. ^ if_CS in_IN the_ATI future_NN New_NP H21 155 Zealand_NP can_MD not_XNOT ,_, by_IN one_CD1 means_NN or_CC another_DT H21 155 ,_, be_BE assured_VBN of_IN comparable_JJ H21 156 outlets_NNS for_IN them_PP3OS ,_, her_PP$ whole_JJ economy_NN will_MD H21 156 be_BE shattered_VBN ._. ^ New_NP Zealand's_NP$ H21 157 problem_NN is_BEZ particularly_RB acute_JJ because_IN of_IN" her_PP$ H21 157 dependence_NN on_IN a_AT H21 158 relatively_RB limited_JJ range_NN of_IN exports_NNS ._. ^ but_CC H21 158 other_AP commonwealth_NN commodity_NN H21 159 problems_NNS are_BER the_ATI same_AP in_IN kind_NN if_CS not_XNOT in_IN H21 159 degree_NN ._. ^ for_IN example_NN H21 160 Australia_NP ,_, even_CS though_CS" she_PP3A exports_VBZ a_AT much_RB H21 160 more_QL varied_JJ range_NN of_IN H21 161 products_NNS ,_, relies_VBZ on_IN temperate_JJ foodstuffs_NNS for_IN H21 161 35_CD per_NNU \0cent_NNU" of_IN her_PP$ H21 162 exports_NNS ._. ^ the_ATI temperate_JJ foodstuffs_NNS she_PP3A H21 162 sends_VBZ abroad_RB are_BER valued_VBN at_IN H21 163 *+250_NNU million_CD :_: of_IN these_DTS *+100_NNU million_CD worth_NN H21 163 come_VB to_IN the_ATI United_NP H21 164 Kingdom_NPL ._. ^ I_PP1A hope_VB that_CS these_DTS figures_NNS will_MD H21 164 help_VB to_TO illustrate_VB the_ATI H21 165 problem_NN ._. ^ but_CC figures_NNS alone_RB can_MD not_XNOT tell_VB H21 165 the_ATI whole_JJ story_NN ._. ^ we_PP1AS must_MD bear_VB H21 166 in_IN mind_NN the_ATI effect_NN of_IN what_WDT we_PP1AS do_DO both_ABX H21 166 on_IN particular_JJ localities_NNS and_CC on_IN H21 167 individual_JJ producers_NNS in_IN commonwealth_NN countries_NNS ._. H21 168 ^ 43_CD ._. ^ to_IN many_AP commonwealth_NN countries_NNS the_ATI H21 168 United_NP Kingdom_NPL has_HVZ both_ABX H21 169 moral_JJ and_CC contractual_JJ obligations_NNS ,_, on_IN the_ATI H21 169 basis_NN of_IN which_WDTR they_PP3AS have_HV H21 170 planned_VBN the_ATI development_NN of_IN their_PP$ economies_NNS ._. ^ H21 170 I_PP1A will_MD mention_VB only_RB the_ATI H21 171 commonwealth_NN sugar_NN agreement_NN with_IN which_WDTR you_PP2 H21 171 are_BER all_ABN familiar_JJ since_CS it_PP3 H21 172 is_BEZ recognised_VBN in_IN the_ATI international_JJ sugar_NN H21 172 agreement_NN ._. ^ it_PP3 provides_VBZ an_AT H21 173 assured_JJ basis_NN for_IN sugar_NN production_NN which_WDTR is_BEZ H21 173 particularly_RB important_JJ in_IN H21 174 the_ATI case_NN of_IN our_PP$ dependent_JJ territories_NNS ._. H21 175 ^ 44_CD ._. ^ the_ATI problem_NN therefore_RB is_BEZ to_TO H21 175 reconcile_VB our_PP$ obligations_NNS to_IN the_ATI H21 176 commonwealth_NN with_IN the_ATI common_JJ agricultural_JJ policy_NN H21 176 as_CS it_PP3 evolves_VBZ ._. ^ we_PP1AS H21 177 believe_VB that_CS solutions_NNS can_MD be_BE found_VBN which_WDTR H21 177 will_MD prove_VB satisfactory_JJ ._. H21 178 ^ the_ATI commission's_NN$ proposals_NNS emphasise_VB that_CS trade_NN H21 178 policy_NN in_IN H21 179 agricultural_JJ products_NNS should_MD take_VB into_IN account_NN ,_, H21 179 not_XNOT only_RB internal_JJ H21 180 agricultural_JJ considerations_NNS ,_, but_CC also_RB the_ATI need_NN H21 180 to_TO maintain_VB trade_NN with_IN H21 181 third_OD countries_NNS ._. ^ this_DT is_BEZ a_AT liberal_JJ approach_NN H21 181 and_CC one_CD1 with_IN which_WDTR we_PP1AS H21 182 fully_RB agree_VB ._. H21 183 ^ 45_CD ._. ^ I_PP1A therefore_RB hope_VB that_CS we_PP1AS can_MD H21 183 reach_VB agreement_NN in_IN principle_NN H21 184 that_CS full_JJ regard_NN should_MD be_BE paid_VBN to_IN the_ATI H21 184 interests_NNS of_IN the_ATI commonwealth_NN H21 185 producers_NNS concerned_VBN ,_, and_CC that_CS they_PP3AS should_MD H21 185 be_BE given_VBN in_IN the_ATI future_NN the_ATI H21 186 opportunity_NN of_IN outlets_NNS for_IN their_PP$ produce_NN H21 186 comparable_JJ to_IN those_DTS they_PP3AS now_RN H21 187 enjoy_VB ._. H21 188 ^ 46_CD ._. ^ the_ATI precise_JJ form_NN of_IN the_ATI special_JJ H21 188 arrangements_NNS needed_VBN to_TO H21 189 protect_VB vital_JJ interests_NNS of_IN commonwealth_NN countries_NNS H21 189 in_IN this_DT field_NN will_MD H21 190 need_VB careful_JJ consideration_NN ._. ^ to_IN a_AT large_JJ extent_NN H21 190 it_PP3 must_MD depend_VB on_IN the_ATI H21 191 way_NN in_IN which_WDTR the_ATI common_JJ agricultural_JJ policy_NN H21 191 is_BEZ developed_VBN ._. ^ we_PP1AS want_VB to_TO H21 192 work_VB jointly_RB with_IN you_PP2 in_IN examining_VBG these_DTS H21 192 problems_NNS and_CC their_PP$ relation_NN H21 193 to_IN the_ATI common_JJ agricultural_JJ policy_NN ._. H22 2 chapter_NN 3_CD ._. H22 3 ^ the_ATI home_NR in_IN its_PP$ setting_NN ._. H22 4 ^ 159_CD ._. ^ as_IN a_AT consequence_NN of_IN the_ATI social_JJ H22 4 and_CC economic_JJ changes_NNS H22 5 referred_VBN to_IN in_IN the_ATI opening_JJ chapter_NN problems_NNS H22 5 are_BER making_VBG themselves_PPLS felt_VBN H22 6 in_IN relating_NN homes_NRS to_IN their_PP$ setting_NN because_CS H22 6 practice_NN has_HVZ not_XNOT caught_VBN up_RP H22 7 with_IN the_ATI changes_NNS that_WPR have_HV taken_VBN place_NN ._. ^ H22 7 car_NN ownership_NN and_CC traffic_NN H22 8 dangers_NNS have_HV made_VBN the_ATI old_JJ pattern_NN of_IN housing_NN H22 8 estates_NNS out_RP of_IN date_NN ._. ^ the_ATI H22 9 streets_NNS may_MD have_HV been_BEN a_AT safe_JJ place_NN for_IN H22 9 children_NNS when_WRB the_ATI baker_NN and_CC the_ATI H22 10 milkman_NN came_VBD by_IN horse_NN and_CC cart_NN and_CC everyone_PN H22 10 walked_VBD to_IN work_NN ._. ^ with_IN one_CD1 H22 11 family_NN in_IN three_CD owning_VBG a_AT car_NN now_RN ,_, and_CC H22 11 with_IN delivery_NN and_CC public_JJ H22 12 transport_NN and_CC service_NN vehicles_NNS often_RB all_ABN using_VBG H22 12 the_ATI residential_JJ street_NN ,_, H22 13 new_JJ arrangements_NNS are_BER required_VBN ._. ^ similarly_RB ,_, H22 13 the_ATI garden_NN ,_, once_RB highly_RB H22 14 important_JJ as_IN a_AT means_NN of_IN growing_VBG vegetables_NNS H22 14 and_CC fruit_NN to_TO supplement_VB the_ATI H22 15 diet_NN of_IN the_ATI large_JJ families_NNS of_IN people_NNS who_WPR H22 15 ,_, by_IN today's_NR$ standards_NNS ,_, were_BED H22 16 poorly_RB paid_VBN and_CC insecure_JJ ,_, no_RB longer_RBR serves_VBZ H22 16 that_DT purpose_NN ._. ^ again_RB the_ATI H22 17 pressure_NN on_IN land_NN and_CC the_ATI need_NN to_TO rebuild_VB in_IN H22 17 city_NN centres_NNS is_BEZ compelling_VBG H22 18 the_ATI building_NN of_IN a_AT larger_JJR proportion_NN of_IN flats_NNS H22 18 ,_, which_WDTR increases_VBZ the_ATI need_NN H22 19 to_TO provide_VB somewhere_RB for_IN children_NNS to_TO play_VB ._. H22 20 ^ 160_CD ._. ^ we_PP1AS have_HV been_BEN to_IN a_AT number_NN of_IN H22 20 estates_NNS where_WRB new_JJ forms_NNS of_IN layout_NN H22 21 attempt_VB to_TO meet_VB present_JJ day_NN needs_NNS ,_, and_CC H22 21 we_PP1AS wish_VB there_EX were_BED more_AP of_IN H22 22 them_PP3OS ._. ^ in_IN the_ATI years_NNS to_TO come_VB it_PP3 is_BEZ H22 22 essential_JJ that_CS there_EX should_MD be_BE ,_, for_CS H22 23 housing_NN can_MD become_VB obsolete_JJ in_IN its_PP$ layout_NN just_RB H22 23 as_QL surely_RB as_CS in_IN its_PP$ H22 24 internal_JJ design_NN and_CC facilities_NNS ;_; and_CC most_AP of_IN H22 24 the_ATI present_JJ work_NN is_BEZ H22 25 obsolete_JJ from_IN this_DT point_NN of_IN view_NN when_WRB it_PP3 H22 25 is_BEZ built_VBN ._. ^ layout_NN is_BEZ not_XNOT H22 26 within_IN our_PP$ terms_NNS of_IN reference_NN ,_, but_CC we_PP1AS H22 26 have_HV been_BEN obliged_VBN to_TO formulate_VB H22 27 views_NNS upon_IN it_PP3 in_IN our_PP$ consideration_NN of_IN the_ATI H22 27 provision_NN which_WDTR should_MD be_BE H22 28 made_VBN for_IN cars_NNS ,_, and_CC the_ATI play_NN space_NN which_WDTR H22 28 should_MD be_BE provided_VBN in_IN relation_NN H22 29 to_IN blocks_NNS of_IN flats_NNS ._. H22 30 ^ 161_CD ._. ^ in_IN addition_NN to_IN these_DTS two_CD subjects_NNS H22 30 ,_, on_IN which_WDTR we_PP1AS were_BED given_VBN to_TO H22 31 understand_VB that_CS advice_NN on_IN standards_NNS would_MD be_BE H22 31 welcome_JJ ,_, and_CC on_IN the_ATI H22 32 access_NN requirements_NNS of_IN terrace_NN houses_NNS ,_, which_WDTR H22 32 markedly_RB influence_VB their_PP$ H22 33 internal_JJ arrangement_NN ,_, we_PP1AS propose_VB to_TO comment_VB H22 33 on_IN two_CD others_APS *-_*- gardens_NNS H22 34 and_CC the_ATI general_JJ appearance_NN of_IN domestic_JJ building_NN H22 34 ._. H22 35 ^ 1_CD1 ._. ^ external_JJ appearance_NN ._. H22 36 ^ 162_CD ._. ^ after_IN inspecting_VBG so_QL many_AP H22 36 developments_NNS in_IN all_ABN parts_NNS of_IN the_ATI H22 37 country_NN ,_, we_PP1AS feel_VB bound_VBN to_TO record_VB our_PP$ H22 37 concern_NN that_CS there_EX should_MD be_BE such_ABL H22 38 a_AT vast_JJ gap_NN between_IN the_ATI best_JJT housing_NN schemes_NNS H22 38 in_IN the_ATI country_NN and_CC many_AP of_IN H22 39 the_ATI others_APS ._. ^ control_NN of_IN development_NN by_IN town_NN H22 39 planning_NN can_MD not_XNOT by_IN itself_PPL H22 40 produce_VB good_JJ layout_NN and_CC appearance_NN *-_*- the_ATI onus_NN H22 40 to_TO achieve_VB this_DT lies_VBZ H22 41 with_IN the_ATI developer_NN himself_PPL ,_, whether_CS he_PP3A is_BEZ H22 41 a_AT private_JJ individual_NN or_CC a_AT H22 42 local_JJ authority_NN ._. ^ it_PP3 can_MD not_XNOT be_BE achieved_VBN H22 42 without_IN using_VBG qualified_JJ H22 43 professional_JJ people_NNS ,_, architects_NNS and_CC landscape_NN H22 43 architects_NNS ,_, to_TO design_VB H22 44 not_XNOT only_RB the_ATI individual_JJ house_NN and_CC house_NN H22 44 group_NN but_CC ,_, every_AT bit_NN as_QL H22 45 important_JJ ,_, the_ATI layout_NN as_IN a_AT whole_NN ,_, and_CC H22 45 the_ATI landscaping_NN ._. ^ with_IN the_ATI H22 46 numerous_JJ examples_NNS in_IN the_ATI local_JJ authority_NN field_NN H22 46 and_CC the_ATI best_JJT examples_NNS H22 47 in_IN the_ATI private_JJ sector_NN there_EX is_BEZ no_RB longer_RBR H22 47 any_DTI reason_NN why_WRB our_PP$ town_NN and_CC H22 48 countryside_NN should_MD continue_VB to_TO be_BE spoilt_VBN by_IN H22 48 unimaginative_JJ buildings_NNS ._. H22 49 ^ good_JJ layout_NN and_CC landscaping_NN ,_, together_RB with_IN H22 49 the_ATI use_NN of_IN good_JJ and_CC well_RB H22 50 chosen_JJ external_JJ materials_NNS and_CC colours_NNS throughout_IN H22 50 an_AT estate_NN ,_, go_VB H22 51 nine-tenths_CDS of_IN the_ATI way_NN towards_IN creating_VBG beauty_NN H22 51 instead_RB of_IN ugliness_NN ,_, H22 52 and_CC it_PP3 is_BEZ in_IN these_DTS broad_JJ and_CC not_XNOT H22 52 necessarily_RB costly_JJ ways_NNS ,_, rather_RB than_CS H22 53 in_IN the_ATI laboured_JJ detailing_NN of_IN the_ATI individual_JJ H22 53 dwelling_NN ,_, that_CS housing_NN H22 54 development_NN can_MD be_BE made_VBN pleasing_JJ and_CC attractive_JJ H22 54 to_IN the_ATI eye_NN ._. H22 55 ^ 163_CD ._. ^ this_DT is_BEZ applicable_JJ to_IN local_JJ H22 55 authorities_NNS and_CC private_JJ H22 56 enterprise_NN alike_RB ,_, but_CC it_PP3 may_MD be_BE that_CS those_DTS H22 56 private_JJ developers_NNS who_WPR H22 57 remain_VB wedded_VBN to_IN old_JJ plans_NNS grown_VBN dusty_JJ with_IN H22 57 the_ATI years_NNS ,_, who_WPR are_BER content_JJ H22 58 with_IN amateur_JJB layout_NN ,_, and_CC who_WPR provide_VB no_ATI H22 58 landscaping_NN but_IN the_ATI good_JJ H22 59 subsoil_NN of_IN the_ATI site_NN ,_, often_RB do_DO so_PN because_CS H22 59 they_PP3AS fear_VB conservatism_NN on_IN the_ATI H22 60 part_NN of_IN the_ATI buyer_NN and_CC the_ATI building_NN society_NN H22 60 ._. ^ whether_CS or_CC not_XNOT some_DTI H22 61 building_NN societies_NNS are_BER conservative_JJ ,_, buyers_NNS H22 61 are_BER much_RB less_QL so_PN ;_; and_CC it_PP3 H22 62 is_BEZ a_AT fact_NN worth_IN recording_VBG that_CS many_AP builders_NNS H22 62 have_HV been_BEN surprised_JJ to_TO H22 63 find_VB that_CS houses_NNS catering_VBG for_IN the_ATI present_JJ H22 63 way_NN of_IN life_NN and_CC conformable_JJ H22 64 with_IN the_ATI modern_JJ eye_NN for_IN good_JJ design_NN displace_VB H22 64 from_IN their_PP$ order_NN books_NNS H22 65 older_JJR and_CC more_QL conventional_JJ plans_NNS which_WDTR H22 65 they_PP3AS had_HVD previously_RB been_BEN H22 66 offering_VBG ._. ^ we_PP1AS therefore_RB urge_VB those_DTS H22 66 developers_NNS who_WPR do_DO not_XNOT already_RB do_DO so_PN H22 67 to_TO turn_VB increasingly_RB to_IN qualified_JJ people_NNS for_IN H22 67 the_ATI difficult_JJ and_CC H22 68 indispensable_JJ work_NN of_IN designing_VBG the_ATI buildings_NNS ,_, H22 68 the_ATI layout_NN and_CC the_ATI H22 69 landscaping_NN ._. ^ for_CS design_NN now_RN sells_VBZ ,_, and_CC ,_, H22 69 if_CS other_AP considerations_NNS do_DO H22 70 not_XNOT appeal_VB ,_, that_DT alone_RB should_MD provide_VB the_ATI H22 70 incentive_NN ._. H22 71 ^ 164_CD ._. ^ it_PP3 is_BEZ essential_JJ that_CS the_ATI H22 71 landscaping_NN should_MD be_BE designed_VBN for_IN H22 72 ease_NN of_IN maintenance_NN as_CC well_CC" as_CC" that_CS funds_NNS H22 72 should_MD be_BE provided_VBN for_IN the_ATI H22 73 maintenance_NN both_ABX of_IN the_ATI dwellings_NNS themselves_PPLS H22 73 and_CC the_ATI spaces_NNS between_IN H22 74 them_PP3OS ,_, including_IN the_ATI landscaping_NN ._. ^ by_IN H22 74 ensuring_VBG that_DT newly_RB created_JJ H22 75 property_NN and_CC its_PP$ environment_NN is_BEZ properly_RB looked_VBN H22 75 after_IN ,_, its_PP$ fresh_JJ H22 76 appearance_NN actually_RB improves_VBZ with_IN the_ATI years_NNS as_CS H22 76 the_ATI lawns_NNS ,_, trees_NNS and_CC H22 77 shrubs_NNS grow_VB to_IN maturity_NN ._. H22 78 ^ 165_CD ._. ^ with_IN notable_JJ exceptions_NNS ,_, most_AP H22 78 private_JJ development_NN displays_VBZ no_ATI H22 79 co-ordination_NN of_IN painting_NN and_CC planting_NN ,_, and_CC H22 79 lags_VBZ far_RB behind_IN that_DT of_IN H22 80 many_AP local_JJ authorities_NNS ,_, who_WPR as_IN landlords_NNS can_MD H22 80 maintain_VB the_ATI whole_NN of_IN the_ATI H22 81 estate_NN ._. ^ it_PP3 must_MD be_BE admitted_VBN that_CS many_AP H22 81 other_AP European_JNP countries_NNS reach_VB H22 82 a_AT far_RB higher_JJR standard_NN in_IN their_PP$ private_JJ estate_NN H22 82 layout_NN than_CS do_DO we_PP1AS ,_, very_QL H22 83 largely_RB through_IN the_ATI use_NN of_IN housing_NN associations_NNS H22 83 ,_, which_WDTR take_VB full_JJ H22 84 responsibility_NN for_IN both_ABX the_ATI initial_JJ landscaping_NN H22 84 and_CC its_PP$ maintenance_NN ._. H22 85 ^ there_EX are_BER already_RB in_IN this_DT country_NN established_JJ H22 85 ways_NNS of_IN keeping_VBG owner_NN H22 86 occupied_JJ property_NN in_IN good_JJ and_CC tasteful_JJ repair_NN H22 86 and_CC the_ATI landscaping_NN in_IN H22 87 good_JJ condition_NN ,_, by_IN the_ATI use_NN of_IN restrictive_JJ H22 87 covenants_NNS governing_VBG H22 88 repainting_NN and_CC the_ATI maintenance_NN of_IN the_ATI H22 88 landscaping_NN ._. ^ non-profit-making_JJB H22 89 companies_NNS ,_, run_VBN by_IN the_ATI occupiers_NNS ,_, can_MD see_VB H22 89 that_CS the_ATI work_NN is_BEZ carried_VBN out_RP ,_, H22 90 and_CC these_DTS are_BER proving_VBG successful_JJ ._. H22 91 ^ television_NN aerials_NNS ._. H22 92 ^ 166_CD ._. ^ the_ATI forest_NN of_IN roof_NN top_NN aerials_NNS H22 92 brought_VBN into_IN being_BEG by_IN the_ATI H22 93 growth_NN of_IN television_NN and_CC \0VHF_JJ radio_NN stirs_VBZ H22 93 many_AP people_NNS to_IN strong_JJ H22 94 condemnation_NN ,_, and_CC we_PP1AS for_IN our_PP$ part_NN share_VB H22 94 these_DTS feelings_NNS ._. ^ since_CS H22 95 television_NN was_BEDZ introduced_VBN the_ATI increase_NN in_IN the_ATI H22 95 power_NN of_IN the_ATI stations_NNS H22 96 and_CC the_ATI improved_JJ sensitivity_NN of_IN receivers_NNS have_HV H22 96 made_VBN outdoor_JJB aerials_NNS H22 97 less_QL necessary_JJ in_IN many_AP locations_NNS ._. ^ indoor_JJB or_CC H22 97 roof_NN space_NN aerials_NNS do_DO not_XNOT H22 98 invariably_RB give_VB satisfactory_JJ performance_NN even_RB in_IN H22 98 strong_JJ signal_NN areas_NNS ,_, H22 99 and_CC there_EX is_BEZ therefore_RB no_ATI easy_JJ or_CC universal_JJ H22 99 answer_NN to_IN this_DT problem_NN ._. H22 100 ^ but_CC investigations_NNS ,_, notably_RB those_DTS of_IN the_ATI H22 100 Rowntree_NP trust_NN at_IN Earswick_NP H22 101 (_( York_NP )_) ,_, where_WRB on_IN a_AT large_JJ estate_NN it_PP3 H22 101 was_BEDZ found_VBN that_CS almost_RB all_ABN the_ATI H22 102 houses_NNS could_MD be_BE satisfactorily_RB served_VBN by_IN indoor_JJB H22 102 television_NN aerials_NNS ,_, H22 103 have_HV shown_VBN that_CS people_NNS often_RB think_VB of_IN buying_VBG H22 103 expensive_JJ outdoor_JJB aerials_NNS H22 104 when_WRB they_PP3AS need_MD not_XNOT do_DO so_PN ._. H22 105 ^ 167_CD ._. ^ some_DTI local_JJ authorities_NNS building_VBG H22 105 blocks_NNS of_IN flats_NNS ,_, and_CC some_DTI new_JJ H22 106 town_NN corporations_NNS ,_, are_BER providing_VBG master_NN aerial_NN H22 106 installations_NNS which_WDTR H22 107 amplify_VB the_ATI signal_NN received_VBN at_IN one_CD1 aerial_NN H22 107 installation_NN and_CC distribute_VB H22 108 it_PP3 by_IN wire_NN to_IN a_AT number_NN of_IN dwellings_NNS ._. ^ H22 108 in_IN many_AP circumstances_NNS this_DT is_BEZ a_AT H22 109 necessary_JJ and_CC sensible_JJ thing_NN to_TO do_DO ._. ^ in_IN H22 109 private_JJ enterprise_NN housing_NN H22 110 there_EX may_MD be_BE less_AP scope_NN for_IN the_ATI use_NN of_IN H22 110 master_NN installations_NNS ,_, except_CS in_IN H22 111 blocks_NNS of_IN flats_NNS ,_, since_CS there_EX may_MD not_XNOT be_BE H22 111 an_AT organisation_NN to_TO deal_VB with_IN H22 112 its_PP$ common_JJ ownership_NN and_CC maintenance_NN ,_, but_CC in_IN H22 112 many_AP areas_NNS there_EX are_BER H22 113 relay_NN companies_NNS which_WDTR provide_VB an_AT aerial_NN service_NN H22 113 on_IN a_AT commercial_JJ basis_NN H22 114 both_ABX to_IN local_JJ authorities_NNS and_CC to_IN private_JJ H22 114 premises_NNS ._. ^ a_AT broadcast_NN relay_NN H22 115 station_NN licence_NN is_BEZ required_VBN if_CS a_AT master_NN H22 115 aerial_NN system_NN ,_, including_IN a_AT H22 116 system_NN provided_VBN by_IN a_AT local_JJ authority_NN ,_, serves_VBZ H22 116 two_CD or_CC more_AP sets_NNS of_IN H22 117 premises_NNS ,_, \0e.g_RB houses_NNS or_CC blocks_NNS of_IN flats_NNS H22 117 ,_, and_CC applications_NNS for_IN H22 118 such_ABL licences_NNS should_MD be_BE made_VBN to_IN the_ATI post_NN H22 118 office_NN ._. ^ where_WRB it_PP3 is_BEZ not_XNOT H22 119 possible_JJ to_TO provide_VB a_AT master_NN aerial_NN installation_NN H22 119 ,_, and_CC where_WRB a_AT loft_NN or_CC H22 120 indoor_JJB aerial_NN is_BEZ really_RB inadequate_JJ ,_, local_JJ H22 120 authorities_NNS may_MD consider_VB H22 121 standardising_VBG upon_IN a_AT suitable_JJ aerial_NN ,_, or_CC H22 121 requiring_VBG that_CS tenants'_NNS$ H22 122 aerials_NNS should_MD be_BE sited_VBN where_WRB they_PP3AS can_MD H22 122 not_XNOT be_BE seen_VBN from_IN the_ATI street_NN or_CC H22 123 against_IN the_ATI skyline_NN ,_, as_CS has_HVZ been_BEN done_VBN by_IN H22 123 a_AT number_NN of_IN local_JJ H22 124 authorities_NNS ._. ^ in_IN locations_NNS where_WRB an_AT H22 124 outside_JJB aerial_NN is_BEZ necessary_JJ a_AT H22 125 standardised_JJ aerial_NN for_IN each_DT dwelling_NN on_IN an_AT H22 125 estate_NN may_MD perhaps_RB be_BE a_AT H22 126 practical_JJ possibility_NN ,_, and_CC we_PP1AS commend_VB it_PP3 to_IN H22 126 the_ATI attention_NN of_IN H22 127 developers_NNS ._. H22 128 ^ 168_CD ._. ^ this_DT is_BEZ a_AT continuing_JJ problem_NN ,_, H22 128 for_CS if_CS new_JJ frequency_NN bands_NNS H22 129 should_MD be_BE brought_VBN into_IN use_NN for_IN additional_JJ or_CC H22 129 colour_NN programmes_NNS another_DT H22 130 crop_NN of_IN aerials_NNS can_MD be_BE expected_VBN ,_, and_CC H22 130 although_CS at_IN the_ATI much_RB higher_JJR H22 131 frequencies_NNS likely_JJ to_TO be_BE concerned_VBN the_ATI rods_NNS H22 131 of_IN the_ATI aerials_NNS will_MD be_BE H22 132 only_RB about_RB one_CD1 foot_NN long_JJ ,_, outdoor_JJB aerials_NNS H22 132 erected_VBN clear_JJ of_IN buildings_NNS H22 133 are_BER likely_JJ to_TO be_BE necessary_JJ even_RB quite_RB near_RI H22 133 to_IN powerful_JJ transmitters_NNS ._. H22 134 ^ it_PP3 is_BEZ therefore_RB important_JJ for_IN the_ATI appearance_NN H22 134 of_IN estates_NNS that_CS local_JJ H22 135 authorities_NNS and_CC other_AP large_JJ property_NN owners_NNS H22 135 should_MD bear_VB in_IN mind_NN that_CS ,_, H22 136 in_IN conjunction_NN with_IN the_ATI local_JJ post_NN office_NN H22 136 engineers_NNS ,_, it_PP3 is_BEZ often_RB H22 137 possible_JJ to_TO do_DO a_AT great_JJ deal_NN to_TO mitigate_VB the_ATI H22 137 nuisance_NN ;_; and_CC they_PP3AS should_MD H22 138 take_VB every_AT opportunity_NN to_TO do_DO so_PN ._. H22 139 ^ 2_CD ._. ^ gardens_NNS ._. H22 140 ^ 169_CD ._. ^ the_ATI post_JJB war_NN improvements_NNS in_IN H22 140 the_ATI standard_NN of_IN living_NN mean_VB H22 141 that_CS few_AP families_NNS now_RN rely_VB on_IN the_ATI garden_NN H22 141 to_TO keep_VB them_PP3OS properly_RB fed_VBN ._. H22 142 ^ it_PP3 is_BEZ now_RN used_VBN for_IN outdoor_JJB living_NN ,_, for_IN H22 142 children's_NNS$ play_NN and_CC the_ATI baby's_NN$ H22 143 sleep_NN ;_; and_CC it_PP3 is_BEZ cultivated_VBN either_DTX for_IN H22 143 the_ATI pleasure_NN of_IN gardening_NN or_CC H22 144 only_RB because_CS it_PP3 has_HVZ to_TO be_BE kept_VBN tidy_JJ ._. ^ H22 144 with_IN the_ATI tendency_NN for_IN densities_NNS H22 145 to_TO increase_VB at_IN the_ATI same_AP time_NN as_CS space_NN has_HVZ H22 145 to_TO be_BE provided_VBN for_IN more_AP cars_NNS H22 146 to_TO be_BE kept_VBN ,_, it_PP3 will_MD be_BE a_AT temptation_NN to_TO H22 146 squeeze_VB garden_NN sizes_NNS to_IN a_AT point_NN H22 147 where_WRB they_PP3AS will_MD no_RB longer_RBR cater_VB for_IN these_DTS H22 147 things_NNS ._. ^ the_ATI evidence_NN we_PP1AS H22 148 received_VBD suggests_VBZ that_CS any_DTI call_NN for_IN large_JJ H22 148 gardens_NNS is_BEZ declining_VBG as_CS H22 149 other_AP interests_NNS ,_, such_IN as_IN" the_ATI car_NN ,_, come_VB H22 149 to_TO take_VB up_RP more_AP of_IN people's_NNS$ H22 150 leisure_NN time_NN ._. ^ where_WRB gardens_NNS are_BER small_JJ ,_, H22 150 as_CS they_PP3AS may_MD well_RB be_BE when_WRB H22 151 houses_NNS are_BER built_VBN at_IN densities_NNS which_WDTR in_IN H22 151 the_ATI past_NN have_HV usually_RB called_VBN H22 152 for_IN a_AT proportion_NN of_IN flats_NNS ,_, it_PP3 will_MD be_BE H22 152 important_JJ to_TO plan_VB for_IN children's_NNS$ H22 153 play_NN space_NN nearby_RB ._. H22 154 ^ 170_CD ._. ^ in_IN all_ABN gardens_NNS arrangements_NNS are_BER H22 154 required_VBN which_WDTR will_MD ensure_VB a_AT H22 155 reasonable_JJ degree_NN of_IN privacy_NN for_IN sitting_VBG out_RP H22 155 and_CC having_HVG meals_NNS outside_RP ._. H22 156 ^ present_JJ day_NN gardens_NNS are_BER often_RB sadly_RB lacking_JJ H22 156 in_IN this_DT amenity_NN ._. H22 157 ^ 3_CD ._. ^ terrace_NN houses_NNS *-_*- access_NN ._. H22 158 ^ 171_CD ._. ^ probably_RB most_AP of_IN the_ATI terrace_NN H22 158 houses_NNS built_VBN since_IN 1945_CD have_HV H22 159 been_BEN laid_VBN out_RP in_IN such_ABL a_AT way_NN that_CS there_EX H22 159 is_BEZ no_ATI garden_NN gate_NN giving_VBG direct_JJ H22 160 access_NN to_IN the_ATI rear_NN of_IN the_ATI house_NN ,_, and_CC H22 160 various_JJ means_NNS have_HV been_BEN adopted_VBN H22 161 to_TO provide_VB for_IN access_NN from_IN the_ATI front_NN to_IN H22 161 the_ATI back_NN *-_*- a_AT tunnel_NN between_IN H22 162 pairs_NNS of_IN houses_NNS ;_; a_AT through_JJB store_NN ;_; a_AT H22 162 store_NN leading_VBG through_IN a_AT utility_NN H22 163 room_NN ;_; or_CC a_AT store_NN leading_VBG through_IN the_ATI H22 163 kitchen_NN ._. ^ because_IN of_IN" the_ATI need_NN to_TO H22 164 provide_VB pedestrian_NN segregation_NN and_CC car_NN storage_NN ,_, H22 164 much_AP future_JJB terrace_NN H22 165 housing_NN will_MD probably_RB have_HV access_NN to_IN both_ABX H22 165 sides_NNS of_IN the_ATI house_NN ,_, so_RB H22 166 meeting_VBG most_AP of_IN the_ATI requirements_NNS ._. ^ the_ATI H22 166 most_QL important_JJ ,_, to_TO be_BE met_VBN by_IN H22 167 house_NN and_CC layout_NN taken_VBN together_RB ,_, are_BER that_CS H22 167 there_EX should_MD be_BE access_NN ,_, H22 168 without_IN entering_VBG hall_NN ,_, kitchen_NN or_CC any_DTI living_NN H22 168 room_NN ,_, for_IN bicycles_NNS from_IN H22 169 road_NN or_CC public_JJ path_NN to_TO store_VB ;_; for_IN garden_NN H22 169 tools_NNS from_IN store_NN to_IN place_NN of_IN H22 170 use_NN ;_; and_CC for_IN garden_NN materials_NNS from_IN place_NN of_IN H22 170 delivery_NN to_IN place_NN of_IN use_NN ._. H22 171 ^ there_EX is_BEZ also_RB a_AT requirement_NN which_WDTR we_PP1AS H22 171 think_VB should_MD not_XNOT be_BE contravened_VBN H22 172 in_IN any_DTI circumstances_NNS *-_*- the_ATI refuse_NN collector_NN H22 172 should_MD be_BE able_JJ to_TO reach_VB H22 173 the_ATI dust-bin_NN store_NN ,_, and_CC the_ATI coalman_NN the_ATI H22 173 fuel_NN store_NN ,_, without_IN entering_VBG H22 174 any_DTI part_NN of_IN the_ATI house_NN ;_; this_DT must_MD of_RB H22 174 course_RB" be_BE planned_VBN having_HVG due_JJ H22 175 regard_NN to_IN the_ATI convenience_NN of_IN the_ATI householder_NN ._. H22 175 ^ maintenance_NN men_NNS also_RB H22 176 have_HV to_TO be_BE able_JJ to_TO get_VB ladders_NNS to_IN both_ABX H22 176 sides_NNS of_IN the_ATI house_NN ._. H22 177 ^ 4_CD ._. ^ play_NN space_NN ._. H22 178 ^ 172_CD ._. ^ *'_*' while_CS the_ATI child's_NN$ attendance_NN H22 178 at_IN school_NN is_BEZ compulsory_JJ H22 179 between_IN the_ATI ages_NNS of_IN five_CD and_CC fifteen_CD ,_, H22 179 enjoyment_NN of_IN facilities_NNS for_IN H22 180 following_VBG his_PP$ out-of-school_JJB interests_NNS is_BEZ ,_, and_CC H22 180 must_MD remain_VB ,_, within_IN the_ATI H22 181 child's_NN$ or_CC parents'_NNS$ choice_NN ._. ^ it_PP3 should_MD be_BE H22 181 of_IN as_QL much_AP concern_NN to_IN the_ATI H22 182 general_JJ public_NN that_CS he_PP3A has_HVZ the_ATI necessary_JJ H22 182 facilities_NNS for_IN these_DTS H22 183 leisure-time_JJB activities_NNS as_CS that_CS there_EX is_BEZ a_AT H22 183 school_NN for_IN him_PP3O to_TO H22 184 attend_VB **'_**' ._. H22 185 ^ 173_CD ._. ^ we_PP1AS agree_VB with_IN this_DT point_NN of_IN H22 185 view_NN ,_, and_CC also_RB with_IN the_ATI statement_NN H22 186 in_IN the_ATI report_NN of_IN the_ATI flats_NNS sub-committee_NN H22 186 published_VBN as_IN *'_*' living_VBG in_IN H22 187 flats_NNS **'_**' in_IN 1952_CD that_CS *'_*' the_ATI provision_NN H22 187 of_IN one_CD1 or_CC more_AP playgrounds_NNS must_MD H22 188 be_BE the_ATI first_OD call_NN on_IN available_JJ space_NN around_IN H22 188 flats_NNS ,_, because_CS it_PP3 is_BEZ on_IN H22 189 children_NNS that_CS the_ATI inevitable_JJ restrictions_NNS of_IN H22 189 flat_NN life_NN press_VB most_QL H22 190 hardly_RB ._. **'_**' H23 2 for_IN example_NN ,_, the_ATI London_NP board_NN have_HV almost_RB H23 2 completed_VBN the_ATI H23 3 rationalisation_NN of_IN their_PP$ stores_NNS in_IN which_WDTR sixty_CD H23 3 old_JJ premises_NNS have_HV been_BEN H23 4 vacated_VBN ,_, twenty-one_CD new_JJ ones_CD1S built_VBN and_CC H23 4 twenty-three_CD completely_RB H23 5 reorganised_VBN ._. ^ the_ATI eastern_JJ board_NN after_IN H23 5 completing_VBG the_ATI centralisation_NN of_IN H23 6 meter_NN maintenance_NN have_HV achieved_VBN a_AT 40_CD per_NNU H23 6 \0cent_NNU" increase_NN in_IN output_NN H23 7 compared_VBN with_IN 1948-49_CD-CD ,_, with_IN substantial_JJ H23 7 savings_NNS in_IN costs_NNS ._. H23 8 ^ 237_CD ._. ^ in_IN addition_NN ,_, clerical_JJ methods_NNS and_CC H23 8 accounting_NN techniques_NNS are_BER H23 9 under_IN continual_JJ review_NN in_IN all_ABN the_ATI boards_NNS ._. ^ H23 9 electronic_JJ calculators_NNS and_CC H23 10 high_JJ speed_NN tabulators_NNS have_HV steadily_RB replaced_VBN H23 10 older_JJR types_NNS of_IN equipment_NN H23 11 and_CC are_BER now_RN commonplace_JJ in_IN the_ATI industry_NN ._. ^ H23 11 the_ATI introduction_NN of_IN H23 12 computers_NNS is_BEZ proceeding_VBG where_WRB justifiable_JJ and_CC H23 12 the_ATI council_NN and_CC boards_NNS H23 13 are_BER in_IN close_JJ touch_NN with_IN manufacturers_NNS about_IN H23 13 computer_NN developments_NNS of_IN H23 14 special_JJ significance_NN for_IN electricity_NN supply_NN H23 14 application_NN ._. H23 15 ^ chapter_NN 6_CD ._. H23 16 ^ employees_NNS ._. H23 17 ^ staffing_NN of_IN the_ATI electricity_NN council_NN ._. H23 18 ^ 238_CD ._. ^ at_IN 31st_OD March_NR ,_, 1961_CD ,_, the_ATI H23 18 staff_NN of_IN the_ATI electricity_NN council_NN H23 19 numbered_VBD 514_CD ,_, of_IN whom_WPOR 346_CD were_BED located_VBN H23 19 at_IN the_ATI council's_NN$ headquarters_NN H23 20 in_IN London_NP and_CC 168_CD were_BED outstationed_VBN ._. ^ since_IN H23 20 March_NR ,_, 1958_CD ,_, when_WRB the_ATI H23 21 total_NN employed_VBN was_BEDZ 542_CD ,_, the_ATI council_NN have_HV H23 21 made_VBN slight_JJ reductions_NNS each_DT H23 22 year_NN bringing_VBG about_RP a_AT total_JJ decrease_NN of_IN 5_CD H23 22 per_NNU \0cent_NNU" in_IN their_PP$ staff_NN H23 23 up_RP to_IN the_ATI end_NN of_IN March_NR ,_, 1961_CD ._. H23 24 ^ 239_CD ._. ^ at_IN the_ATI end_NN of_IN another_DT successful_JJ H23 24 year_NN for_IN the_ATI industry_NN ,_, the_ATI H23 25 electricity_NN council_NN are_BER glad_JJ once_RB again_RB to_TO H23 25 record_VB their_PP$ appreciation_NN H23 26 of_IN the_ATI efficient_JJ manner_NN in_IN which_WDTR their_PP$ H23 26 staff_NN have_HV conducted_VBN the_ATI H23 27 council's_NN$ business_NN ._. H23 28 ^ personnel_NNS of_IN the_ATI industry_NN ._. H23 29 ^ 240_CD ._. ^ at_IN 31st_OD March_NR ,_, 1961_CD ,_, there_EX H23 29 were_BED 193,174_CD persons_NNS employed_VBN H23 30 in_IN the_ATI electricity_NN supply_NN industry_NN ;_; 514_CD by_IN H23 30 the_ATI electricity_NN council_NN ,_, H23 31 55,198_CD by_IN the_ATI central_JJ electricity_NN generating_NN H23 31 board_NN ,_, and_CC 137,462_CD by_IN the_ATI H23 32 area_NN boards_NNS ._. ^ the_ATI combined_JJ total_NN exceeded_VBD H23 32 the_ATI corresponding_JJ figure_NN at_IN H23 33 the_ATI end_NN of_IN the_ATI previous_JJ year_NN by_IN 2.4_CD per_NNU H23 33 \0cent_NNU" H23 34 ._. ^ 241_CD ._. ^ this_DT overall_JJB increase_NN should_MD be_BE H23 34 viewed_VBN against_IN the_ATI expanding_JJ H23 35 business_NN of_IN the_ATI industry_NN ._. ^ thus_RB ,_, whilst_CS H23 35 area_NN boards_NNS sold_VBD 12.4_CD per_NNU H23 36 \0cent_NNU" more_AP units_NNS during_IN the_ATI year_NN their_PP$ H23 36 total_JJ manpower_NN at_IN the_ATI end_NN of_IN H23 37 the_ATI year_NN had_HVD increased_VBN by_IN less_AP than_IN 1.8_CD H23 37 per_NNU \0cent_NNU" ,_, and_CC although_CS the_ATI H23 38 number_NN of_IN units_NNS sent_VBN out_RP by_IN the_ATI generating_NN H23 38 board_NN increased_VBD by_IN 10.9_CD per_NNU H23 39 \0cent_NNU" the_ATI number_NN of_IN persons_NNS they_PP3AS employed_VBD H23 39 rose_VBD by_IN only_RB 4.1_CD per_NNU H23 40 \0cent_NNU" ._. ^ the_ATI reduction_NN from_IN 44_CD to_IN 42_CD H23 40 hours_NNS in_IN the_ATI normal_JJ working_NN week_NN H23 41 of_IN the_ATI industry's_NN$ manual_JJ employees_NNS towards_IN the_ATI H23 41 end_NN of_IN the_ATI preceding_JJ H23 42 year_NN can_MD also_RB be_BE assumed_VBN to_TO have_HV influenced_VBN H23 42 the_ATI increase_NN in_IN numbers_NNS in_IN H23 43 those_DTS grades_NNS during_IN the_ATI year_NN under_IN report_NN ._. H23 44 ^ 242_CD ._. ^ classified_JJ details_NNS of_IN the_ATI numbers_NNS H23 44 employed_VBN by_IN the_ATI council_NN H23 45 and_CC by_IN each_DT electricity_NN board_NN ,_, with_IN H23 45 corresponding_JJ figures_NNS for_IN 31st_OD H23 46 March_NR ,_, 1960_CD ,_, are_BER shown_VBN in_IN appendix_NN 10_CD ._. ^ H23 46 the_ATI classification_NN relates_VBZ H23 47 to_IN the_ATI main_JJB branches_NNS of_IN the_ATI national_JJ H23 47 negotiating_NN machinery_NN and_CC the_ATI H23 48 following_JJ table_NN summarises_VBZ the_ATI detailed_JJ figures_NNS H23 48 given_VBN in_IN the_ATI appendix_NN ._. H23 50 ^ terms_NNS and_CC conditions_NNS of_IN employment_NN ._. H23 51 ^ 243_CD ._. ^ the_ATI arrangements_NNS for_IN settling_VBG H23 51 terms_NNS and_CC conditions_NNS of_IN H23 52 employment_NN of_IN persons_NNS employed_VBN by_IN the_ATI H23 52 electricity_NN council_NN and_CC the_ATI H23 53 boards_NNS have_HV been_BEN fully_RB described_VBN in_IN previous_JJ H23 53 reports_NNS ._. ^ during_IN the_ATI year_NN H23 54 the_ATI negotiating_NN machinery_NN dealt_VBD with_IN a_AT wide_JJ H23 54 range_NN of_IN matters_NNS arising_VBG H23 55 in_IN the_ATI normal_JJ course_NN of_IN day-to-day_JJB relations_NNS H23 55 between_IN employees_NNS and_CC H23 56 management_NN ._. ^ the_ATI major_JJ issues_NNS on_IN wage_NN rates_NNS H23 56 and_CC salary_NN scales_NNS are_BER H23 57 reported_VBN briefly_RB in_IN the_ATI following_JJ paragraphs_NNS ._. H23 58 ^ national_JJ joint_JJB industrial_JJ council_NN for_IN manual_JJ H23 58 workers_NNS ._. H23 59 ^ 244_CD ._. ^ the_ATI electricity_NN council_NN annual_JJ report_NN H23 59 for_IN 1959-60_CD-CD referred_VBD H23 60 to_IN a_AT claim_NN for_IN a_AT substantial_JJ increase_NN in_IN H23 60 wage_NN rates_NNS submitted_VBN by_IN the_ATI H23 61 trade_NN unions_NNS in_IN January_NR ,_, 1960_CD ,_, and_CC H23 61 indicated_VBD that_CS negotiations_NNS were_BED H23 62 still_RB in_IN progress_NN ._. H23 63 ^ 245_CD ._. ^ in_IN April_NR ,_, 1960_CD ,_, the_ATI electricity_NN H23 63 boards'_NNS$ members_NNS rejected_VBD the_ATI H23 64 claim_NN but_CC offered_VBD to_TO examine_VB with_IN the_ATI trade_NN H23 64 unions_NNS ,_, after_IN 30th_OD June_NR ,_, H23 65 1960_CD ,_, the_ATI whole_JJ question_NN of_IN wages_NNS and_CC to_TO H23 65 apply_VB any_DTI resulting_JJ wage_NN H23 66 increase_NN from_IN 31st_OD August_NR ,_, 1960_CD ._. ^ this_DT H23 66 offer_NN was_BEDZ rejected_VBN by_IN the_ATI trade_NN H23 67 unions_NNS who_WPR ,_, in_IN May_NR ,_, 1960_CD ,_, referred_VBD H23 67 the_ATI claim_NN to_IN arbitration_NN ._. H23 68 ^ 246_CD ._. ^ the_ATI arbitration_NN tribunal_NN ,_, meeting_VBG H23 68 in_IN July_NR ,_, were_BED unable_JJ to_TO H23 69 agree_VB and_CC by_IN the_ATI Chairman's_NPT$ decision_NN found_VBD H23 69 against_IN the_ATI claim_NN but_CC H23 70 recommended_VBD that_CS the_ATI parties_NNS should_MD re-examine_VB H23 70 the_ATI whole_JJ question_NN of_IN H23 71 wages_NNS at_IN an_AT early_JJ date_NN ._. ^ acting_VBG on_IN this_DT H23 71 recommendation_NN the_ATI national_JJ H23 72 joint_JJB industrial_JJ council_NN concluded_VBD an_AT agreement_NN H23 72 on_IN 12th_OD August_NR whereby_WRB H23 73 the_ATI structure_NN of_IN the_ATI wages_NNS schedule_NN was_BEDZ H23 73 re-cast_VBN ._. ^ the_ATI existing_JJ H23 74 structure_NN of_IN just_RB over_RB one_CD1 hundred_CD named_JJ H23 74 grades_NNS on_IN thirty-three_CD wage_NN H23 75 rates_NNS was_BEDZ replaced_VBN by_IN eight_CD groups_NNS with_IN H23 75 eight_CD group_NN rates_NNS and_CC five_CD H23 76 lead_NN rates_NNS for_IN certain_JJ grades_NNS based_VBN on_IN the_ATI H23 76 capacity_NN rating_NN of_IN plant_NN on_IN H23 77 which_WDTR they_PP3AS are_BER employed_VBN ._. ^ there_EX was_BEDZ a_AT H23 77 general_JJ wage_NN increase_NN of_IN 3_CD \0d_NNU H23 78 per_IN hour_NN with_IN greater_JJR increases_NNS for_IN some_DTI H23 78 grades_NNS ,_, including_IN craftsmen_NNS ,_, H23 79 and_CC increases_NNS were_BED made_VBN to_IN chargehands'_NNS$ H23 79 enhancements_NNS and_CC foremen's_NNS$ H23 80 salaries_NNS ._. H23 81 ^ technical_JJ engineering_NN staff_NN ._. H23 82 ^ 247_CD ._. ^ the_ATI main_JJB feature_NN of_IN the_ATI national_JJ H23 82 joint_JJB board's_NN$ activities_NNS H23 83 during_IN the_ATI year_NN was_BEDZ the_ATI introduction_NN ,_, with_IN H23 83 effect_NN from_IN 1st_OD July_NR ,_, 1960_CD ,_, H23 84 of_IN common_JJ salary_NN scales_NNS applicable_JJ to_IN all_ABN H23 84 national_JJ joint_JJB board_NN H23 85 technical_JJ engineering_NN staff_NN ,_, in_IN place_NN of_IN the_ATI H23 85 four_CD existing_JJ salary_NN H23 86 schedules_NNS ._. ^ technical_JJ engineering_NN staff_NN in_IN H23 86 drawing_NN offices_NNS were_BED at_IN the_ATI H23 87 same_AP time_NN brought_VBN within_IN the_ATI classification_NN H23 87 provisions_NNS of_IN the_ATI H23 88 agreement_NN ,_, from_IN which_WDTR they_PP3AS had_HVD previously_RB H23 88 been_BEN excluded_VBN ._. ^ the_ATI common_JJ H23 89 scales_NNS were_BED not_XNOT designed_VBN to_TO provide_VB salary_NN H23 89 increases_NNS but_CC to_TO introduce_VB H23 90 a_AT more_QL equitable_JJ pattern_NN of_IN salary_NN relationships_NNS H23 90 between_IN the_ATI various_JJ H23 91 sections_NNS of_IN the_ATI technical_JJ engineering_NN staff_NN ,_, H23 91 and_CC to_TO allow_VB more_AP H23 92 flexibility_NN in_IN their_PP$ application_NN to_IN varying_JJ H23 92 forms_NNS of_IN organisation_NN ._. H23 93 ^ 248_CD ._. ^ subsequently_RB ,_, the_ATI national_JJ joint_JJB H23 93 board_NN salary_NN scales_NNS were_BED H23 94 further_RBR reviewed_VBN ,_, having_HVG regard_NN to_IN salaries_NNS H23 94 paid_VBN elsewhere_RB within_IN the_ATI H23 95 industry_NN and_CC by_IN outside_JJB industry_NN in_RB H23 95 general_RB" ,_, and_CC increases_NNS ranging_VBG H23 96 from_IN *+75_NNU to_IN *+215_NNU (_( *+40_NNU to_IN *+50_NNU for_IN H23 96 technical_JJ trainees_NNS )_) per_IN H23 97 annum_NN were_BED agreed_VBN with_IN effect_NN from_IN 1st_OD July_NR H23 97 ,_, 1960_CD ._. H23 98 ^ administrative_JJ and_CC clerical_JJ grades_NNS ._. H23 99 ^ 249_CD ._. ^ the_ATI electricity_NN council's_NN$ annual_JJ H23 99 report_NN for_IN 1959-60_CD-CD H23 100 referred_VBD to_IN the_ATI recommendation_NN of_IN an_AT arbitration_NN H23 100 tribunal_NN that_CS a_AT claim_NN H23 101 for_IN increases_NNS in_IN salary_NN scales_NNS should_MD be_BE H23 101 considered_VBN on_IN the_ATI basis_NN of_IN H23 102 evidence_NN drawn_VBN from_IN a_AT wide_JJ range_NN of_IN employment_NN H23 102 in_IN comparable_JJ work_NN ._. H23 103 ^ after_IN examining_VBG information_NN obtained_VBN from_IN other_AP H23 103 bodies_NNS on_IN salaries_NNS H23 104 and_CC conditions_NNS of_IN service_NN ,_, the_ATI national_JJ H23 104 joint_JJB council_NN were_BED unable_JJ to_TO H23 105 agree_VB on_IN the_ATI assessment_NN of_IN salaries_NNS and_CC H23 105 asked_VBD the_ATI tribunal_NN to_TO H23 106 determine_VB appropriate_JJ increases_NNS ._. ^ increases_NNS H23 106 awarded_VBN by_IN the_ATI tribunal_NN ,_, H23 107 from_IN 1st_OD December_NR ,_, 1959_CD ,_, ranged_VBD from_IN *+20_NNU H23 107 to_IN *+50_NNU per_IN annum_NN to_IN H23 108 the_ATI general_JJ clerical_JJ staff_NN and_CC from_IN *+75_NNU to_IN H23 108 *+215_NNU per_IN annum_NN to_IN H23 109 the_ATI higher_JJR grades_NNS ._. H23 110 ^ managerial_JJ and_CC higher_JJR executive_JJ grades_NNS ._. H23 111 ^ 250_CD ._. ^ the_ATI basis_NN of_IN the_ATI salary_NN agreement_NN H23 111 was_BEDZ extended_VBN to_TO cater_VB H23 112 for_IN operational_JJ growth_NN in_IN the_ATI various_JJ H23 112 organisations_NNS and_CC ,_, following_IN H23 113 salary_NN and_CC wages_NNS awards_NNS to_IN other_AP employees_NNS ,_, H23 113 increases_NNS ranging_VBG from_IN H23 114 *+225_NNU to_IN *+400_NNU were_BED made_VBN in_IN the_ATI salary_NN H23 114 scales_NNS as_IN from_IN" 1st_OD July_NR ,_, 1960_CD ._. H23 115 ^ joint_JJB consultation_NN ._. H23 116 ^ 251_CD ._. ^ joint_JJB discussion_NN of_IN the_ATI business_NN H23 116 and_CC policies_NNS of_IN the_ATI H23 117 industry_NN leading_VBG to_IN full_JJ collaboration_NN between_IN H23 117 management_NN and_CC H23 118 employees_NNS is_BEZ an_AT important_JJ factor_NN in_IN making_VBG H23 118 electricity_NN supply_NN an_AT H23 119 efficient_JJ service_NN ,_, and_CC one_CD1 of_IN the_ATI objects_NNS H23 119 of_IN the_ATI joint_JJB consultative_JJ H23 120 machinery_NN in_IN the_ATI electricity_NN supply_NN industry_NN is_BEZ H23 120 to_TO facilitate_VB such_ABL H23 121 discussion_NN ._. ^ a_AT brief_JJ account_NN of_IN activities_NNS in_IN H23 121 this_DT field_NN during_IN the_ATI H23 122 year_NN is_BEZ given_VBN in_IN the_ATI following_JJ paragraphs_NNS ._. H23 123 ^ national_JJ joint_JJB advisory_JJ council_NN ._. H23 124 ^ 252_CD ._. ^ in_IN the_ATI national_JJ council_NN H23 124 representatives_NNS of_IN employees_NNS join_VB H23 125 with_IN senior_JJ representatives_NNS of_IN the_ATI electricity_NN H23 125 council_NN and_CC boards_NNS and_CC H23 126 leading_JJ trade_NN union_NN officers_NNS ._. ^ the_ATI Chairman_NPT H23 126 and_CC other_AP members_NNS of_IN the_ATI H23 127 electricity_NN council_NN and_CC boards_NNS present_VB reports_NNS H23 127 on_IN the_ATI progress_NN and_CC H23 128 plans_NNS of_IN the_ATI industry_NN ;_; these_DTS reports_NNS are_BER H23 128 fully_RB discussed_VBN and_CC points_NNS H23 129 arising_VBG are_BER often_RB referred_VBN to_IN one_CD1 of_IN the_ATI H23 129 national_JJ council's_NN$ standing_JJ H23 130 committees_NNS for_IN more_QL detailed_JJ study_NN ._. H23 131 ^ 253_CD ._. ^ during_IN the_ATI year_NN the_ATI national_JJ H23 131 council_NN discussed_VBD all_ABN aspects_NNS H23 132 of_IN the_ATI industry's_NN$ work_NN ,_, special_JJ emphasis_NN H23 132 being_BEG on_IN education_NN and_CC H23 133 training_NN ._. ^ fifteen_CD recommendations_NNS were_BED made_VBN H23 133 to_IN boards_NNS ;_; the_ATI subjects_NNS H23 134 included_VBD safety_NN rules_NNS (_( radiological_JJ )_) for_IN use_NN H23 134 at_IN nuclear_JJ stations_NNS ;_; H23 135 amendments_NNS and_CC additions_NNS to_IN other_AP safety_NN rules_NNS H23 135 ;_; safety_NN training_NN during_IN H23 136 pre-commissioning_NN courses_NNS at_IN new_JJ power_NN stations_NNS ;_; H23 136 methods_NNS of_IN helping_VBG to_TO H23 137 solve_VB the_ATI problem_NN of_IN employing_VBG the_ATI impending_JJ H23 137 *'_*' bulge_NN **'_**' in_IN school_NN H23 138 leavers_NNS ;_; improved_JJ liaison_NN between_IN the_ATI industry_NN H23 138 and_CC educational_JJ H23 139 organisations_NNS ;_; and_CC wider_JJR selection_NN methods_NNS H23 139 under_IN the_ATI scheme_NN for_IN the_ATI H23 140 interchange_NN of_IN personnel_NNS with_IN overseas_JJB countries_NNS H23 140 ._. H23 141 ^ 254_CD ._. ^ the_ATI national_JJ council_NN issued_VBD an_AT H23 141 annual_JJ report_NN on_IN their_PP$ work_NN H23 142 as_CC well_CC" as_CC" other_AP publications_NNS designed_VBN to_TO H23 142 encourage_VB the_ATI work_NN of_IN the_ATI H23 143 district_NN councils_NNS and_CC local_JJ committees_NNS ._. ^ one_CD1 H23 143 of_IN the_ATI national_JJ council's_NN$ H23 144 new_JJ ventures_NNS ,_, the_ATI production_NN of_IN a_AT film_NN H23 144 dealing_VBG with_IN the_ATI basic_JJ H23 145 principles_NNS of_IN joint_JJB consultation_NN ,_, has_HVZ been_BEN H23 145 well_RB received_VBN at_IN employees'_NNS$ H23 146 meetings_NNS throughout_IN the_ATI industry_NN and_CC has_HVZ been_BEN H23 146 widely_RB shown_VBN outside_IN the_ATI H23 147 industry_NN ._. H23 148 ^ district_NN joint_JJB advisory_JJ councils_NNS ._. H23 149 ^ 255_CD ._. ^ the_ATI membership_NN of_IN each_DT of_IN the_ATI H23 149 12_CD district_NN councils_NNS H23 150 includes_VBZ representatives_NNS of_IN employees_NNS as_CC well_CC" H23 150 as_CC" of_IN the_ATI boards_NNS and_CC H23 151 trade_NN unions_NNS ._. ^ the_ATI district_NN councils_NNS do_DO H23 151 much_AP to_TO stimulate_VB the_ATI H23 152 development_NN of_IN joint_JJB consultation_NN in_IN their_PP$ H23 152 areas_NNS ._. ^ during_IN the_ATI year_NN H23 153 they_PP3AS made_VBD many_AP notable_JJ recommendations_NNS to_IN H23 153 the_ATI boards_NNS affecting_VBG the_ATI H23 154 interests_NNS of_IN employees_NNS and_CC the_ATI efficiency_NN of_IN H23 154 the_ATI industry_NN ._. ^ these_DTS H23 155 included_VBD recommendations_NNS on_IN consumer_NN relations_NNS ,_, H23 155 training_NN in_IN modern_JJ H23 156 power_NN station_NN practice_NN for_IN employees_NNS in_IN older_JJR H23 156 stations_NNS ;_; the_ATI H23 157 rehabilitation_NN of_IN disabled_JJ employees_NNS ;_; and_CC the_ATI H23 157 problems_NNS of_IN H23 158 communicating_VBG instructions_NNS ,_, information_NN and_CC ideas_NNS H23 158 ._. ^ four_CD district_NN H23 159 councils_NNS organised_VBD evening_NN lectures_NNS for_IN employees_NNS H23 159 on_IN human_JJ relations_NNS H23 160 in_IN industry_NN and_CC seven_CD arranged_VBD district_NN training_NN H23 160 courses_NNS for_IN new_JJ H23 161 members_NNS of_IN the_ATI local_JJ committees_NNS ._. ^ ten_CD H23 161 district_NN councils_NNS received_VBD and_CC H23 162 discussed_VBD regular_JJ progress_NN reports_NNS from_IN electricity_NN H23 162 boards_NNS ._. H23 163 ^ local_JJ advisory_JJ committees_NNS ._. H23 164 ^ 256_CD ._. ^ there_EX were_BED 468_CD local_JJ advisory_JJ H23 164 committees_NNS in_IN power_NN H23 165 stations_NNS ,_, distribution_NN districts_NNS and_CC other_AP H23 165 places_NNS of_IN work_NN in_IN the_ATI H23 166 industry_NN ._. ^ they_PP3AS continued_VBD to_TO pay_VB particular_JJ H23 166 attention_NN to_IN education_NN ,_, H23 167 training_NN ,_, safety_NN and_CC the_ATI encouragement_NN of_IN H23 167 efficiency_NN *-_*- this_DT last_AP H23 168 subject_NN receiving_VBG more_AP attention_NN than_IN any_DTI other_AP H23 168 during_IN the_ATI year_NN ._. H23 169 ^ their_PP$ recommendations_NNS to_IN local_JJ managements_NNS H23 169 concerned_VBD such_ABL subjects_NNS as_IN H23 170 the_ATI effectiveness_NN of_IN particular_JJ tools_NNS and_CC H23 170 equipment_NN ,_, sales_NNS development_NN H23 171 in_IN smokeless_JJ zones_NNS ,_, accident_NN prevention_NN and_CC H23 171 local_JJ training_NN schemes_NNS and_CC H23 172 courses_NNS ._. ^ they_PP3AS also_RB continued_VBD to_TO engage_VB H23 172 in_IN many_AP activities_NNS for_IN H23 173 spreading_VBG information_NN among_IN employees_NNS in_IN their_PP$ H23 173 localities_NNS ._. ^ an_AT H23 174 important_JJ development_NN in_IN this_DT field_NN ,_, which_WDTR H23 174 has_HVZ done_VBN much_AP to_TO improve_VB H23 175 two-way_JJB communication_NN between_IN management_NN and_CC H23 175 employees_NNS ,_, has_HVZ been_BEN the_ATI H23 176 holding_NN of_IN regular_JJ informal_JJ meetings_NNS of_IN small_JJ H23 176 groups_NNS of_IN employees_NNS who_WPR H23 177 normally_RB work_VB together_RB ._. ^ other_AP activities_NNS have_HV H23 177 included_VBN the_ATI H23 178 organisation_NN of_IN general_JJ meetings_NNS of_IN employees_NNS ,_, H23 178 safety_NN weeks_NNS ,_, power_NN H23 179 station_NN open_JJ days_NNS ,_, exhibitions_NNS of_IN award-winning_JJB H23 179 suggestions_NNS ,_, arts_NNS and_CC H23 180 crafts_NNS exhibitions_NNS ,_, and_CC lunch-time_NN and_CC evening_NN H23 180 lectures_NNS ._. H23 181 ^ suggestion_NN scheme_NN ._. H23 182 ^ 257_CD ._. ^ from_IN the_ATI time_NN when_WRB the_ATI H23 182 employees'_NNS$ suggestion_NN scheme_NN H23 183 started_VBD (_( in_IN most_AP districts_NNS by_IN 1951-52_CD-CD )_) H23 183 up_RP to_IN 31st_OD March_NR ,_, 1961_CD ,_, H23 184 consideration_NN has_HVZ been_BEN given_VBN to_IN 20,099_CD H23 184 suggestions_NNS and_CC 7,824_CD awards_NNS H23 185 have_HV been_BEN made_VBN by_IN the_ATI electricity_NN boards_NNS on_IN H23 185 the_ATI recommendations_NNS of_IN H23 186 district_NN councils_NNS ._. ^ in_IN 1960-61_CD-CD the_ATI national_JJ H23 186 council_NN considered_VBD 152_CD H23 187 suggestions_NNS which_WDTR had_HVD been_BEN referred_VBN to_IN H23 187 them_PP3OS as_CS having_HVG possible_JJ H23 188 national_JJ application_NN ;_; in_IN rather_RB more_AP than_IN half_ABN H23 188 of_IN these_DTS they_PP3AS H23 189 circulated_VBD details_NNS to_IN the_ATI electricity_NN boards_NNS ,_, H23 189 in_IN all_ABN cases_NNS H23 190 recommending_VBG additional_JJ awards_NNS ._. H23 191 ^ superannuation_NN ._. H23 192 ^ 258_CD ._. ^ careful_JJ consideration_NN was_BEDZ given_VBN by_IN H23 192 the_ATI electricity_NN council_NN H23 193 and_CC the_ATI electricity_NN boards_NNS to_IN the_ATI impact_NN on_IN H23 193 the_ATI industry's_NN$ H23 194 superannuation_NN schemes_NNS of_IN the_ATI national_JJ insurance_NN H23 194 act_NN ,_, 1959_CD ,_, and_CC its_PP$ H23 195 provisions_NNS for_IN contracting_VBG out_RP of_IN the_ATI state_NN H23 195 graduated_JJ pension_NN scheme_NN ._. H23 196 ^ having_HVG obtained_VBN the_ATI views_NNS of_IN the_ATI trade_NN H23 196 unions_NNS ,_, and_CC after_IN joint_JJB H23 197 consultation_NN with_IN the_ATI employees_NNS through_IN the_ATI H23 197 advisory_JJ machinery_NN ,_, the_ATI H23 198 electricity_NN council_NN and_CC boards_NNS decided_VBD upon_IN a_AT H23 198 common_JJ policy_NN of_IN H23 199 contracting_VBG out_RP all_ABN their_PP$ employees_NNS whose_WP$R H23 199 basic_JJ rate_NN of_IN pay_NN exceeds_VBZ H23 200 *+9_NNU per_IN week_NN and_CC who_WPR are_BER members_NNS of_IN H23 200 superannuation_NN schemes_NNS in_IN the_ATI H23 201 industry_NN recognised_VBN by_IN the_ATI Minister_NPT of_IN H23 201 pensions_NNS and_CC national_JJ insurance_NN H23 202 for_IN the_ATI purposes_NNS of_IN the_ATI national_JJ insurance_NN H23 202 act_NN ,_, 1959_CD ._. H23 203 ^ 259_CD ._. ^ the_ATI Registrar_NPT of_IN non-participating_JJB H23 203 employments_NNS issued_VBD the_ATI H23 204 necessary_JJ certificate_NN to_TO be_BE effective_JJ from_IN 3rd_OD H23 204 April_NR ,_, 1961_CD ,_, the_ATI H23 205 commencing_NN date_NN for_IN the_ATI state_NN graduated_JJ pension_NN H23 205 scheme_NN ._. ^ the_ATI national_JJ H23 206 insurance_NN (_( modification_NN of_IN electricity_NN superannuation_NN H23 206 schemes_NNS )_) H23 207 regulations_NNS ,_, 1961_CD ,_, applicable_JJ to_IN all_ABN the_ATI H23 207 industry's_NN$ schemes_NNS whose_WP$R H23 208 members_NNS are_BER contracted_VBN out_RP of_IN the_ATI state_NN H23 208 scheme_NN ,_, came_VBD into_IN force_NN on_IN the_ATI H23 209 same_AP day_NN ._. H23 210 ^ 260_CD ._. ^ the_ATI second_OD valuation_NN of_IN the_ATI staff_NN H23 210 superannuation_NN scheme_NN H23 211 showed_VBD an_AT overall_JJB surplus_NN of_IN almost_RB *+2_NNU H23 211 million_CD ,_, which_WDTR the_ATI council_NN ,_, H23 212 with_IN the_ATI agreement_NN of_IN the_ATI electricity_NN boards_NNS H23 212 ,_, decided_VBD to_TO retain_VB in_IN the_ATI H23 213 fund_NN ._. ^ the_ATI actuaries'_NNS$ report_NN on_IN the_ATI first_OD H23 213 valuation_NN of_IN the_ATI manual_JJ H23 214 workers'_NNS$ superannuation_NN scheme_NN was_BEDZ received_VBN just_RB H23 214 before_IN the_ATI close_NN of_IN H23 215 the_ATI year_NN ._. H23 216 ^ safety_NN ,_, health_NN and_CC welfare_NN ._. H23 217 ^ safety_NN ._. H23 218 ^ 261_CD ._. ^ the_ATI safety_NN branch_NN of_IN the_ATI H23 218 electricity_NN council_NN advise_VB the_ATI H23 219 various_JJ sections_NNS of_IN the_ATI industry_NN on_IN safety_NN H23 219 matters_NNS and_CC promote_VB and_CC H23 220 encourage_VB the_ATI use_NN of_IN methods_NNS for_IN reducing_VBG H23 220 accidents_NNS and_CC dangerous_JJ H23 221 occurrences_NNS and_CC their_PP$ effect_NN on_IN the_ATI operations_NNS H23 221 of_IN the_ATI boards_NNS ._. H24 2 the_ATI civil_JJ defence_NN long_JJ service_NN medal_NN ._. H24 3 ^ royal_JJ warrant_NN ._. H24 4 ^ Elizabeth_NP \0R_NP ._. H24 5 ^ Elizabeth_NP the_ATI second_OD ,_, by_IN the_ATI grace_NN of_IN H24 5 God_NP of_IN the_ATI United_NP Kingdom_NPL H24 6 of_IN Great_NP Britain_NP and_CC Northern_NP Ireland_NP and_CC of_IN H24 6 our_PP$ other_AP realms_NNS and_CC H24 7 territories_NNS Queen_NPT ,_, head_NN of_IN the_ATI commonwealth_NN ,_, H24 7 defender_NN of_IN the_ATI faith_NN ,_, to_IN H24 8 all_ABN to_IN whom_WPOR these_DTS presents_NNS shall_MD come_VB ._. H24 9 ^ greeting_NN !_! H24 10 ^ whereas_CS we_PP1AS are_BER desirous_JJ of_IN honouring_VBG H24 10 those_DTS who_WPR have_HV rendered_VBN H24 11 long_JJ and_CC faithful_JJ service_NN as_IN members_NNS of_IN the_ATI H24 11 civil_JJ defence_NN corps_NN ,_, of_IN H24 12 the_ATI auxiliary_JJ fire_NN service_NN ,_, of_IN the_ATI industrial_JJ H24 12 civil_JJ defence_NN H24 13 organisation_NN ,_, of_IN the_ATI warning_JJ and_CC monitoring_JJ H24 13 organisation_NN and_CC of_IN the_ATI H24 14 national_JJ hospital_NN service_NN reserve_NN in_IN Great_NP Britain_NP H24 14 and_CC of_IN the_ATI H24 15 corresponding_JJ services_NNS and_CC organisations_NNS in_IN H24 15 Northern_NP Ireland_NP and_CC the_ATI H24 16 Isle_NPL of_IN Man_NP ,_, we_PP1AS do_DO by_IN these_DTS presents_NNS H24 16 for_IN us_PP1OS ,_, our_PP$ heirs_NNS and_CC successors_NNS H24 17 institute_VB and_CC create_VB a_AT new_JJ medal_NN and_CC we_PP1AS H24 17 do_DO hereby_RB direct_VB that_CS it_PP3 shall_MD H24 18 be_BE governed_VBN by_IN the_ATI following_JJ rules_NNS and_CC H24 18 ordinances_NNS :_: H24 20 ^ firstly_RB :_: style_NN ._. *-_*- ^ the_ATI medal_NN shall_MD H24 20 be_BE designated_VBN and_CC styled_VBN H24 21 *'_*' the_ATI civil_JJ defence_NN long_JJ service_NN medal_NN **'_**' H24 21 ._. H24 22 ^ secondly_RB :_: description_NN ._. *-_*- ^ the_ATI award_NN H24 22 shall_MD be_BE in_IN cupro-nickel_NN H24 23 in_IN the_ATI form_NN of_IN an_AT oval_JJ medal_NN bearing_NN on_IN H24 23 the_ATI obverse_NN the_ATI crowned_JJ effigy_NN H24 24 of_IN the_ATI sovereign_NN and_CC on_IN the_ATI reverse_NN an_AT H24 24 appropriate_JJ design_NN ._. H24 25 ^ thirdly_RB :_: ribbon_NN ._. *-_*- ^ the_ATI medal_NN shall_MD H24 25 be_BE worn_VBN on_IN the_ATI left_JJ side_NN H24 26 attached_VBN by_IN a_AT suspending_JJ bar_NN to_IN a_AT ribbon_NN H24 26 one_CD1 and_CC a_AT quarter_NN inches_NNS in_IN H24 27 width_NN ,_, which_WDTR shall_MD be_BE ,_, in_IN colour_NN ,_, dark_JJ H24 27 blue_NN ,_, with_IN ,_, superimposed_VBN H24 28 thereon_RB ,_, three_CD narrow_JJ vertical_JJ stripes_NNS of_IN H24 28 yellow_NN ,_, red_NN and_CC green_NN H24 29 respectively_RB ,_, the_ATI yellow_JJ stripe_NN being_BEG worn_VBN H24 29 farthest_RBT from_IN the_ATI left_JJ H24 30 shoulder_NN ._. H24 31 ^ fourthly_RB :_: eligibility_NN ._. *-_*- ^ those_DTS eligible_JJ H24 31 shall_MD be_BE persons_NNS who_WPR H24 32 are_BER or_CC were_BED within_IN three_CD years_NNS before_IN the_ATI H24 32 date_NN of_IN this_DT our_PP$ warrant_NN ,_, H24 33 members_NNS of_IN one_CD1 of_IN the_ATI services_NNS or_CC H24 33 organisations_NNS set_VBN out_RP in_IN appendix_NN H24 34 1_CD1 to_IN this_DT our_PP$ warrant_NN ,_, hereinafter_RB referred_VBN H24 34 to_IN as_IN the_ATI civil_JJ defence_NN H24 35 services_NNS ,_, and_CC have_HV rendered_VBN the_ATI qualifying_NN H24 35 service_NN required_VBN by_IN this_DT H24 36 our_PP$ warrant_NN ._. H24 37 ^ fifthly_RB :_: qualifying_NN service_NN ._. *-_*- ^ the_ATI H24 37 qualifying_NN service_NN H24 38 requisite_JJ for_IN the_ATI medal_NN shall_MD be_BE fifteen_CD H24 38 years_NNS efficient_JJ service_NN in_IN H24 39 one_CD1 or_CC more_AP of_IN the_ATI civil_JJ defence_NN services_NNS H24 39 subsequent_RB to_IN the_ATI date_NN of_IN H24 40 the_ATI establishment_NN of_IN the_ATI service_NN or_CC organisation_NN H24 40 in_IN question_NN as_CS set_VBN H24 41 out_RP in_IN appendix_NN 1_CD1 to_IN this_DT our_PP$ warrant_NN :_: H24 42 provided_CS that_CS" service_NN rendered_VBN in_IN the_ATI United_NP H24 42 Kingdom_NPL or_CC the_ATI Isle_NPL H24 43 of_IN Man_NP in_IN one_CD1 or_CC more_AP of_IN the_ATI former_AP H24 43 organisations_NNS set_VBN out_RP in_IN appendix_NN H24 44 2_CD to_IN this_DT our_PP$ warrant_NN ,_, before_IN the_ATI dates_NNS H24 44 set_VBN out_RP therein_RB ,_, shall_MD also_RB H24 45 be_BE treated_VBN as_IN qualifying_NN service_NN :_: H24 46 provided_CS also_RB that_CS no_ATI account_NN shall_MD be_BE H24 46 taken_VBN of_IN any_DTI service_NN which_WDTR ,_, H24 47 in_IN the_ATI case_NN of_IN the_ATI person_NN concerned_VBN ,_, has_HVZ H24 47 been_BEN reckoned_VBN as_IN qualifying_NN H24 48 service_NN for_IN the_ATI fire_NN brigade_NN long_JJ service_NN and_CC H24 48 good_JJ conduct_NN medal_NN or_CC H24 49 for_IN the_ATI women's_NNS$ voluntary_JJ service_NN medal_NN or_CC H24 49 clasp_NN ._. H24 50 ^ sixthly_RB :_: long_JJ service_NN clasp_NN ._. *-_*- ^ an_AT H24 50 additional_JJ clasp_NN which_WDTR H24 51 shall_MD be_BE attached_VBN to_IN the_ATI ribbon_NN and_CC shall_MD H24 51 bear_VB upon_IN it_PP3 the_ATI words_NNS H24 52 *'_*' long_NC service_NC **'_**' may_MD be_BE awarded_VBN for_IN H24 52 each_DT additional_JJ twelve_CD years_NNS H24 53 satisfactory_JJ service_NN subsequent_RB to_IN that_DT for_IN which_WDTR H24 53 the_ATI medal_NN was_BEDZ H24 54 awarded_VBN and_CC for_IN each_DT clasp_NN awarded_VBN a_AT small_JJ H24 54 silver_NN rose_NN emblem_NN shall_MD be_BE H24 55 added_VBN to_IN the_ATI ribbon_NN when_WRB worn_VBN alone_JJ ._. ^ H24 55 the_ATI reckoning_NN of_IN such_ABL service_NN H24 56 shall_MD be_BE governed_VBN by_IN the_ATI rules_NNS relative_JJ to_IN H24 56 the_ATI reckoning_NN of_IN qualifying_NN H24 57 service_NN for_IN the_ATI medal_NN itself_PPL as_CS set_VBN out_RP H24 57 in_IN the_ATI fifth_OD clause_NN of_IN this_DT H24 58 our_PP$ warrant_NN ._. H24 59 ^ seventhly_RB :_: delegated_JJ powers_NNS ._. *-_*- ^ delegated_JJ H24 59 powers_NNS to_TO make_VB H24 60 awards_NNS under_IN this_DT our_PP$ warrant_NN shall_MD be_BE H24 60 vested_VBN in_IN our_PP$ appropriate_JJ H24 61 Ministers_NPTS namely_RB our_PP$ Secretary_NPT of_IN state_NN for_IN H24 61 the_ATI home_NR department_NN ,_, our_PP$ H24 62 Secretary_NPT of_IN state_NN for_IN Scotland_NP ,_, our_PP$ H24 62 Minister_NPT of_IN health_NN ,_, and_CC our_PP$ H24 63 Minister_NPT of_IN home_NR affairs_NNS for_IN Northern_NP Ireland_NP H24 63 as_CS the_ATI case_NN may_MD be_BE ._. H24 64 ^ eighthly_RB :_: submission_NN of_IN names_NNS ._. *-_*- ^ the_ATI H24 64 names_NNS of_IN persons_NNS H24 65 eligible_JJ for_IN the_ATI medal_NN shall_MD be_BE submitted_VBN to_IN H24 65 the_ATI appropriate_JJ Minister_NPT H24 66 in_IN accordance_NN with_IN arrangements_NNS made_VBN by_IN him_PP3O H24 66 or_CC her_PP3O in_IN respect_NN of_IN the_ATI H24 67 civil_JJ defence_NN service_NN concerned_VBN ,_, and_CC no_ATI award_NN H24 67 shall_MD be_BE made_VBN unless_CS the_ATI H24 68 submission_NN is_BEZ accompanied_VBN by_IN a_AT certificate_NN that_CS H24 68 *-_*- H24 69 (_( a_ZZ )_) the_ATI person_NN has_HVZ been_BEN ,_, throughout_IN H24 69 the_ATI qualifying_NN period_NN ,_, a_AT H24 70 member_NN of_IN the_ATI civil_JJ defence_NN services_NNS ,_, or_CC H24 70 of_IN one_CD1 or_CC more_AP of_IN the_ATI former_AP H24 71 organisations_NNS set_VBN out_RP in_IN appendix_NN 2_CD to_IN this_DT H24 71 our_PP$ warrant_NN ;_; H24 72 (_( b_ZZ )_) the_ATI person_NN has_HVZ either_DTX (_( 1_CD1 )_) H24 72 completed_VBN the_ATI appropriate_JJ H24 73 standard_JJ training_NN and_CC rendered_VBN to_IN the_ATI H24 73 satisfaction_NN of_IN the_ATI authority_NN or_CC H24 74 authorities_NNS concerned_VBN such_ABL service_NN as_CS has_HVZ H24 74 been_BEN properly_RB required_VBN of_IN H24 75 him_PP3O or_CC her_PP3O in_IN the_ATI civil_JJ defence_NN services_NNS H24 75 ,_, or_CC (_( 2_CD )_) ,_, in_IN the_ATI case_NN of_IN a_AT H24 76 member_NN of_IN the_ATI national_JJ hospital_NN service_NN reserve_NN H24 76 ,_, or_CC ,_, in_IN Northern_NP H24 77 Ireland_NP ,_, of_IN the_ATI hospital_NN service_NN reserve_NN ,_, H24 77 whose_WP$R training_NN or_CC duties_NNS ,_, or_CC H24 78 both_ABX ,_, are_BER such_ABL that_CS they_PP3AS may_MD coincide_VB H24 78 with_IN qualifications_NNS required_VBN for_IN H24 79 the_ATI service_NN medal_NN of_IN the_ATI order_NN of_IN \0St_NPT H24 79 John_NP or_CC the_ATI voluntary_JJ medical_JJ H24 80 service_NN medal_NN ,_, that_CS the_ATI member_NN has_HVZ completed_VBN H24 80 to_IN the_ATI satisfaction_NN of_IN H24 81 the_ATI authority_NN or_CC authorities_NNS concerned_VBN not_XNOT H24 81 less_AP than_IN 12_CD duties_NNS H24 82 annually_RB disregarding_VBG duties_NNS which_WDTR have_HV been_BEN ,_, H24 82 are_BER being_BEG or_CC will_MD be_BE H24 83 reckoned_VBN for_IN the_ATI purpose_NN of_IN either_DTX of_IN those_DTS H24 83 two_CD awards_NNS ;_; and_CC H24 84 (_( c_ZZ )_) the_ATI person_NN is_BEZ in_IN every_AT way_NN H24 84 deserving_JJ of_IN the_ATI medal_NN ._. H24 85 ^ ninthly_RB :_: registration_NN ._. *-_*- ^ the_ATI names_NNS of_IN H24 85 all_ABN those_DTS to_IN whom_WPOR the_ATI H24 86 medal_NN or_CC the_ATI clasp_NN is_BEZ awarded_VBN shall_MD be_BE H24 86 recorded_VBN in_IN the_ATI home_NR office_NN ,_, H24 87 the_ATI ministry_NN of_IN health_NN ,_, the_ATI Scottish_JNP home_NR H24 87 department_NN ,_, the_ATI department_NN H24 88 of_IN health_NN for_IN Scotland_NP ,_, the_ATI ministry_NN of_IN H24 88 home_NR affairs_NNS for_IN Northern_NP H24 89 Ireland_NP or_CC government_NN office_NN ,_, Isle_NPL of_IN Man_NP ,_, H24 89 as_CS the_ATI case_NN may_MD be_BE ._. H24 90 ^ tenthly_RB :_: order_NN of_IN wear_NN ._. *-_*- ^ in_IN the_ATI H24 90 official_JJ list_NN showing_VBG the_ATI H24 91 order_NN in_IN which_WDTR orders_NNS ,_, decorations_NNS and_CC H24 91 medals_NNS should_MD be_BE worn_VBN the_ATI civil_JJ H24 92 defence_NN long_JJ service_NN medal_NN shall_MD be_BE placed_VBN H24 92 immediately_RB after_IN the_ATI royal_JJ H24 93 observer_NN corps_NN medal_NN ._. H24 94 ^ eleventhly_RB :_: miniatures_NNS ._. *-_*- ^ reproductions_NNS H24 94 of_IN the_ATI medal_NN ,_, known_VBN H24 95 as_IN miniature_NN medals_NNS ,_, which_WDTR may_MD be_BE worn_VBN H24 95 on_IN certain_JJ occasions_NNS by_IN those_DTS H24 96 to_IN whom_WPOR the_ATI medal_NN is_BEZ awarded_VBN ,_, shall_MD be_BE H24 96 approximately_RB half_ABN the_ATI size_NN of_IN H24 97 the_ATI civil_JJ defence_NN long_JJ service_NN medal_NN ,_, and_CC a_AT H24 97 sealed_JJ pattern_NN of_IN the_ATI H24 98 miniature_NN medal_NN shall_MD be_BE kept_VBN in_IN the_ATI central_JJ H24 98 Chancery_NPL of_IN our_PP$ orders_NNS of_IN H24 99 knighthood_NN ._. H24 100 ^ twelfthly_RB :_: cancellation_NN and_CC restoration_NN ._. *-_*- ^ H24 100 it_PP3 shall_MD be_BE H24 101 competent_JJ for_IN the_ATI appropriate_JJ Minister_NPT to_TO cancel_VB H24 101 and_CC annul_VB the_ATI H24 102 conferment_NN of_IN the_ATI civil_JJ defence_NN long_JJ service_NN H24 102 medal_NN or_CC long_JJ service_NN H24 103 clasp_NN on_IN any_DTI person_NN ,_, and_CC also_RB to_TO restore_VB H24 103 the_ATI medal_NN or_CC clasp_NN which_WDTR has_HVZ H24 104 been_BEN so_RB forfeited_VBN ._. H24 105 ^ lastly_RB :_: annulment_NN ._. *-_*- ^ we_PP1AS reserve_VB to_IN H24 105 ourself_PPL ,_, our_PP$ heirs_NNS and_CC H24 106 successors_NNS ,_, full_JJ power_NN of_IN annulling_VBG ,_, H24 106 altering_VBG ,_, abrogating_VBG ,_, augmenting_VBG ,_, H24 107 interpreting_VBG or_CC dispensing_VBG with_IN these_DTS rules_NNS H24 107 and_CC ordinances_NNS ,_, or_CC any_DTI H24 108 part_NN thereof_RB ,_, by_IN a_AT notification_NN under_IN our_PP$ H24 108 sign_NN manual_JJ ._. H24 110 ^ given_VBN at_IN our_PP$ court_NN at_IN \0St_NPT James's_NP$ H24 110 this_DT nineteenth_OD day_NN of_IN H24 111 January_NR ,_, one_CD1 thousand_CD nine_CD hundred_CD and_CC H24 111 sixty-one_CD ,_, in_IN the_ATI ninth_OD year_NN of_IN H24 112 our_PP$ reign_NN ._. H24 113 ^ by_IN her_PP$ majesty's_NN$ command_NN ,_, H24 114 Harold_NP Macmillan_NP ._. H24 116 ^ to_IN the_ATI right_RB \0Hon_NPT Selwyn_NP Lloyd_NP ,_, H24 116 \0C.B.E_NPT ,_, \0T.D_NPT ,_, \0Q.C_NPT ,_, H24 117 \0M.P_NPT ,_, Chancellor_NPT of_IN the_ATI exchequer_NN H24 118 ._. ^ control_NN of_IN public_JJ expenditure_NN ._. H24 119 ^ the_ATI select_JJ committee_NN on_IN estimates_NNS published_VBD H24 119 a_AT report_NN in_IN 1958_CD on_IN H24 120 Treasury_NP control_NN of_IN expenditure_NN ._. ^ they_PP3AS H24 120 recommended_VBD that_CS a_AT small_JJ H24 121 independent_JJ committee_NN ,_, which_WDTR should_MD have_HV access_NN H24 121 to_IN cabinet_NN papers_NNS ,_, be_BE H24 122 appointed_VBN to_TO report_VB upon_IN the_ATI theory_NN and_CC H24 122 practice_NN of_IN Treasury_NP control_NN H24 123 of_IN expenditure_NN ._. ^ the_ATI Treasury's_NP$ observations_NNS H24 123 on_IN the_ATI report_NN recorded_VBD H24 124 the_ATI conclusion_NN of_IN the_ATI government_NN that_CS they_PP3AS H24 124 could_MD not_XNOT accept_VB the_ATI H24 125 committee's_NN$ recommendation_NN in_IN favour_NN of_IN an_AT H24 125 outside_JJB committee_NN ,_, but_CC that_CS H24 126 they_PP3AS had_HVD decided_VBN to_TO set_VB in_IN hand_NN a_AT H24 126 review_NN of_IN the_ATI principles_NNS and_CC H24 127 practice_NN which_WDTR govern_VB the_ATI control_NN by_IN the_ATI H24 127 executive_NN of_IN public_JJ H24 128 expenditure_NN ._. ^ it_PP3 was_BEDZ also_RB stated_VBN that_CS this_DT H24 128 would_MD be_BE an_AT internal_JJ H24 129 enquiry_NN under_IN the_ATI authority_NN of_IN the_ATI Chancellor_NPT H24 129 of_IN the_ATI exchequer_NN ,_, and_CC H24 130 that_CS on_IN some_DTI aspects_NNS of_IN it_PP3 the_ATI government_NN H24 130 proposed_VBD to_TO seek_VB advice_NN from_IN H24 131 persons_NNS with_IN appropriate_JJ knowledge_NN and_CC experience_NN H24 131 who_WPR were_BED not_XNOT members_NNS H24 132 of_IN the_ATI government_NN or_CC in_IN the_ATI government_NN H24 132 service_NN ._. H24 133 ^ 2_CD ._. ^ in_IN accordance_NN with_IN these_DTS decisions_NNS H24 133 your_PP$ predecessor_NN announced_VBD H24 134 in_IN the_ATI summer_NN of_IN 1959_CD that_CS I_PP1A had_HVD been_BEN H24 134 appointed_VBN by_IN him_PP3O to_TO take_VB general_JJ H24 135 charge_NN of_IN this_DT work_NN aided_VBN by_IN a_AT group_NN H24 135 consisting_VBG of_IN persons_NNS from_IN H24 136 outside_IN the_ATI government_NN service_NN and_CC senior_JJ H24 136 officials_NNS drawn_VBN from_IN H24 137 departments_NNS including_IN the_ATI Treasury_NP ._. ^ later_RBR it_PP3 H24 137 was_BEDZ announced_VBN that_CS Sir_NPT H24 138 Sam_NP Brown_NP ,_, Sir_NPT Jeremy_NP Raisman_NP and_CC \0Mr_NPT \0J_NP H24 138 \0E_NP Wall_NP had_HVD been_BEN H24 139 appointed_VBN to_IN the_ATI group_NN ._. H24 140 ^ 3_CD ._. ^ the_ATI announcement_NN of_IN the_ATI enquiry_NN H24 140 made_VBD it_PP3 clear_JJ that_CS our_PP$ H24 141 proceedings_NNS and_CC recommendations_NNS to_IN Ministers_NPTS H24 141 would_MD be_BE confidential_JJ ._. H24 142 ^ we_PP1AS could_MD not_XNOT have_HV carried_VBN out_RP the_ATI H24 142 survey_NN which_WDTR we_PP1AS have_HV been_BEN able_JJ to_TO H24 143 make_VB on_IN any_DTI other_AP basis_NN ._. ^ as_CS our_PP$ enquiry_NN H24 143 developed_VBD we_PP1AS submitted_VBD to_IN H24 144 your_PP$ predecessor_NN and_CC to_IN you_PP2 a_AT series_NN of_IN H24 144 confidential_JJ reports_NNS ._. ^ it_PP3 was_BEDZ H24 145 always_RB our_PP$ intention_NN to_TO consolidate_VB these_DTS at_IN H24 145 the_ATI end_NN ,_, and_CC we_PP1AS have_HV H24 146 prepared_VBN the_ATI attached_JJ report_NN in_TO order_TO" to_TO" do_DO H24 146 so_PN in_IN a_AT form_NN in_IN which_WDTR ,_, if_CS H24 147 you_PP2 saw_VBD fit_JJ ,_, it_PP3 could_MD be_BE published_VBN ._. H24 148 ^ 4_CD ._. ^ in_IN tendering_VBG advice_NN which_WDTR the_ATI H24 148 government_NN may_MD wish_VB to_TO publish_VB H24 149 we_PP1AS are_BER not_XNOT unmindful_JJ of_IN the_ATI position_NN of_IN H24 149 our_PP$ civil_JJ service_NN colleagues_NNS H24 150 and_CC therefore_RB ,_, notwithstanding_IN their_PP$ full_JJ H24 150 participation_NN in_IN the_ATI work_NN of_IN H24 151 the_ATI group_NN ,_, we_PP1AS consider_VB it_PP3 more_QL appropriate_JJ H24 151 that_CS our_PP$ report_NN should_MD be_BE H24 152 submitted_VBN in_IN the_ATI names_NNS of_IN the_ATI members_NNS from_IN H24 152 outside_IN the_ATI government_NN H24 153 service_NN ,_, who_WPR take_VB responsibility_NN for_IN it_PP3 ._. ^ H24 153 consequently_RB what_WDT is_BEZ said_VBN in_IN H24 154 it_PP3 is_BEZ in_IN the_ATI names_NNS of_IN Sir_NPT Sam_NP Brown_NP ,_, H24 154 Sir_NPT Jeremy_NP Raisman_NP ,_, \0Mr_NPT \0J_NP H24 155 \0E_NP Wall_NP and_CC myself_PPL ._. ^ it_PP3 does_DOZ not_XNOT H24 155 follow_VB from_IN this_DT procedure_NN however_RB H24 156 that_CS those_DTS civil_JJ servants_NNS who_WPR have_HV taken_VBN H24 156 part_NN in_IN the_ATI work_NN of_IN the_ATI H24 157 enquiry_NN in_IN any_DTI way_NN dissent_VB from_IN the_ATI views_NNS H24 157 expressed_VBN or_CC the_ATI H24 158 recommendations_NNS made_VBN ,_, either_DTX in_RB general_RB" or_CC H24 158 in_RB particular_RB" ._. H24 159 ^ on_IN behalf_NN of_IN the_ATI group_NN ,_, H24 160 Plowden_NP H24 161 Chairman_NPT ._. H24 162 ^ 9th_OD June_NR ,_, 1961_CD ._. H24 163 ^ report_NN on_IN the_ATI control_NN of_IN public_JJ expenditure_NN ._. H24 164 ^ 1_CD1 ._. ^ at_IN our_PP$ first_OD meeting_NN in_IN October_NR ,_, H24 164 1959_CD ,_, we_PP1AS decided_VBD to_TO H24 165 concentrate_VB in_IN full_JJ committee_NN on_IN the_ATI central_JJ H24 165 problem_NN of_IN public_JJ H24 166 expenditure_NN ,_, which_WDTR is_BEZ the_ATI determination_NN of_IN H24 166 policy_NN and_CC the_ATI distribution_NN H24 167 of_IN resources_NNS ,_, while_CS studying_VBG in_IN smaller_JJR H24 167 groups_NNS particular_JJ aspects_NNS of_IN H24 168 expenditure_NN control_NN or_CC areas_NNS of_IN expenditure_NN ._. ^ H24 168 for_IN these_DTS studies_NNS we_PP1AS H24 169 co-opted_VBD the_ATI permanent_JJ Secretaries_NPTS of_IN the_ATI H24 169 departments_NNS with_IN whose_WP$R H24 170 expenditure_NN we_PP1AS were_BED concerned_VBN or_CC who_WPR had_HVD H24 170 special_JJ experience_NN of_IN the_ATI H24 171 general_JJ problems_NNS under_IN review_NN ._. ^ in_IN some_DTI H24 171 cases_NNS we_PP1AS sought_VBD specialist_JJ H24 172 advice_NN from_IN outside_IN the_ATI civil_JJ service_NN ._. ^ we_PP1AS H24 172 decided_VBD ,_, however_RB ,_, not_XNOT to_TO H24 173 take_VB evidence_NN from_IN outside_JJB bodies_NNS :_: H24 173 our_PP$ review_NN was_BEDZ primarily_RB concerned_VBN H24 174 with_IN the_ATI inner_JJB working_NN of_IN the_ATI Treasury_NP and_CC H24 174 the_ATI departments_NNS ,_, and_CC was_BEDZ H24 175 necessarily_RB confidential_JJ in_IN character_NN ,_, and_CC we_PP1AS H24 175 decided_VBD that_CS the_ATI group_NN H24 176 itself_PPL (_( except_CS on_IN certain_JJ specialist_JJ matters_NNS )_) H24 176 provided_VBD a_AT sufficient_JJ H24 177 body_NN of_IN outside_JJB opinion_NN to_TO bring_VB to_TO H24 177 bear_VB on_IN this_DT task_NN ._. H24 178 ^ 2_CD ._. ^ a_AT comprehensive_JJ review_NN of_IN the_ATI H24 178 principles_NNS and_CC practice_NN of_IN the_ATI H24 179 control_NN of_IN public_JJ expenditure_NN would_MD take_VB many_AP H24 179 years_NNS ._. ^ there_EX are_BER large_JJ H24 180 tracts_NNS of_IN the_ATI territory_NN which_WDTR we_PP1AS have_HV H24 180 hardly_RB touched_VBN ._. ^ the_ATI method_NN H24 181 which_WDTR we_PP1AS adopted_VBD ,_, however_RB ,_, which_WDTR was_BEDZ H24 181 in_IN effect_NN a_AT continuous_JJ H24 182 consultation_NN with_IN the_ATI permanent_JJ Secretaries_NPTS and_CC H24 182 other_AP officials_NNS of_IN the_ATI H24 183 major_JJ departments_NNS over_IN a_AT period_NN of_IN nearly_RB two_CD H24 183 years_NNS ,_, has_HVZ ,_, we_PP1AS believe_VB ,_, H24 184 given_VBN us_PP1OS a_AT sufficient_JJ insight_NN into_IN the_ATI H24 184 matter_NN ._. ^ we_PP1AS are_BER confident_JJ that_CS H24 185 our_PP$ conclusions_NNS would_MD not_XNOT be_BE changed_VBN by_IN H24 185 more_QL prolonged_JJ examination_NN ._. H24 186 ^ 3_CD ._. ^ in_IN our_PP$ judgment_NN ,_, the_ATI crucial_JJ H24 186 questions_NNS are_BER not_XNOT those_DTS of_IN H24 187 detail_NN :_: the_ATI precise_JJ nature_NN of_IN the_ATI H24 187 organisation_NN and_CC chains_NNS of_IN command_NN H24 188 within_IN and_CC between_IN departments_NNS ,_, important_JJ though_CS H24 188 these_DTS are_BER ._. ^ the_ATI real_JJ H24 189 problems_NNS are_BER wider_JJR :_: what_WDT the_ATI machine_NN of_IN H24 189 government_NN is_BEZ trying_VBG to_TO do_DO ,_, H24 190 what_WDT its_PP$ attitudes_NNS are_BER ,_, what_WDT it_PP3 regards_VBZ H24 190 as_CS important_JJ ,_, and_CC its_PP$ approach_NN H24 191 to_IN its_PP$ work_NN on_IN all_ABN matters_NNS involving_VBG public_JJ H24 191 expenditure_NN ._. ^ these_DTS are_BER H24 192 not_XNOT always_RB clear_JJ cut_JJ" ,_, and_CC they_PP3AS do_DO H24 192 not_XNOT lend_VB themselves_PPLS readily_RB to_IN H24 193 specific_JJ recommendations_NNS ;_; but_CC we_PP1AS are_BER H24 193 confident_JJ that_CS here_RN is_BEZ the_ATI kernel_NN H24 194 of_IN the_ATI matter_NN ._. ^ the_ATI whole_NN of_IN this_DT report_NN H24 194 is_BEZ designed_VBN to_TO suggest_VB what_WDT H24 195 might_MD be_BE the_ATI most_QL fruitful_JJ lines_NNS of_IN H24 195 development_NN in_IN the_ATI future_NN ._. H24 196 ^ 4_CD ._. ^ before_CS we_PP1AS proceed_VB to_IN the_ATI H24 196 substance_NN of_IN the_ATI report_NN ,_, we_PP1AS may_MD H24 197 perhaps_RB usefully_RB comment_VB on_IN what_WDT we_PP1AS have_HV H24 197 seen_VBN of_IN the_ATI work_NN of_IN the_ATI civil_JJ H24 198 service_NN in_IN the_ATI course_NN of_IN this_DT enquiry_NN ._. ^ H24 198 those_DTS of_IN us_PP1OS who_WPR are_BER outside_IN H24 199 the_ATI civil_JJ service_NN have_HV considerable_JJ experience_NN of_IN H24 199 it_PP3 ,_, here_RN and_CC H24 200 overseas_RB ,_, but_CC this_DT has_HVZ been_BEN a_AT favourable_JJ H24 200 opportunity_NN to_TO see_VB it_PP3 and_CC H24 201 study_VB it_PP3 in_IN action_NN ._. ^ there_EX have_HV been_BEN H24 201 changes_NNS ,_, both_ABX in_IN scope_NN and_CC H24 202 character_NN ,_, in_IN the_ATI activities_NNS of_IN government_NN in_IN H24 202 the_ATI last_AP two_CD decades_NNS ,_, H24 203 which_WDTR have_HV produced_VBN strains_NNS in_IN traditional_JJ H24 203 structures_NNS and_CC practices_NNS ._. H24 204 ^ we_PP1AS have_HV been_BEN impressed_VBN by_IN the_ATI way_NN the_ATI H24 204 service_NN has_HVZ adapted_VBN itself_PPL to_TO H24 205 deal_VB with_IN these_DTS changes_NNS ._. H25 2 Barnardo's_NP$ overseas_RB ._. H25 3 ^ times_NNS do_DO not_XNOT change_VB in_IN Great_NP Britain_NP H25 3 only_RB but_CC in_IN the_ATI rest_NN of_IN H25 4 the_ATI world_NN too_RB ,_, and_CC out_RP of_IN this_DT pattern_NN H25 4 of_IN restless_JJ progress_NN come_VB calls_NNS H25 5 for_IN help_NN with_IN child_NN care_NN problems_NNS ,_, both_ABX H25 5 for_IN actual_JJ care_NN and_CC for_IN help_NN H25 6 and_CC guidance_NN in_IN how_WRB this_DT can_MD best_RBT be_BE H25 6 given_VBN ._. ^ we_PP1AS thus_RB learn_VB that_CS the_ATI H25 7 name_NN of_IN Barnardo_NP comes_VBZ to_IN the_ATI mind_NN ,_, when_WRB H25 7 child_NN care_NN is_BEZ planned_VBN in_IN many_AP H25 8 parts_NNS of_IN the_ATI world_NN remote_JJ from_IN our_PP$ own_AP H25 8 land_NN ,_, and_CC we_PP1AS are_BER honoured_VBN by_IN H25 9 receiving_VBG these_DTS calls_NNS for_IN help_NN ._. H25 10 ^ in_IN 1954_CD we_PP1AS decided_VBD to_TO consider_VB H25 10 undertaking_VBG work_NN in_IN Kenya_NP and_CC in_IN H25 11 1956_CD \0Mr_NPT \0T_NP \0F_NP Tucker_NP ,_, then_RN deputy_NN H25 11 general_JJ Superintendent_NPT ,_, made_VBD H25 12 a_AT personal_JJ investigation_NN ._. ^ as_IN a_AT result_NN ,_, two_CD H25 12 of_IN our_PP$ experienced_JJ H25 13 superintendents_NNS ,_, \0Rev_NPT and_CC \0Mrs_NPT \0A_NP \0St_NP H25 13 \0J_NP Lemon_NP ,_, have_HV spent_VBN H25 14 two_CD years_NNS guiding_VBG and_CC assisting_VBG the_ATI work_NN of_IN H25 14 the_ATI local_JJ child_NN welfare_NN H25 15 society_NN which_WDTR was_BEDZ striving_VBG nobly_RB to_TO meet_VB a_AT H25 15 great_JJ need_NN but_CC lacking_VBG our_PP$ H25 16 knowledge_NN and_CC experience_NN ._. ^ during_IN 1960_CD ,_, H25 16 assured_VBN of_IN the_ATI good-will_NN of_IN H25 17 the_ATI government_NN and_CC their_PP$ officials_NNS and_CC with_IN H25 17 generous_JJ help_NN over_IN a_AT site_NN ,_, H25 18 plans_NNS have_HV been_BEN made_VBN to_TO build_VB a_AT home_NR for_IN H25 18 thirty_CD children_NNS of_IN any_DTI race_NN H25 19 who_WPR may_MD be_BE in_IN need_NN ._. ^ this_DT should_MD be_BE in_IN H25 19 use_NN before_IN the_ATI end_NN of_IN 1961_CD ._. H25 20 ^ with_IN Sir_NPT Donald_NP MacGillivray_NP as_IN our_PP$ H25 20 President_NPT and_CC a_AT H25 21 representative_JJ committee_NN of_IN which_WDTR \0Mr_NPT \0B_NP \0S_NP H25 21 Eastwood_NP is_BEZ H25 22 Chairman_NPT and_CC \0Mr_NPT \0L_NP Njonjo_NP Vice_NPT Chairman_NPT ,_, H25 22 we_PP1AS are_BER assured_VBN of_IN strong_JJ H25 23 local_JJ support_NN and_CC in_IN addition_NN can_MD look_VB to_IN H25 23 the_ATI help_NN of_IN \0Mr_NPT \0M_NP Adlam_NP H25 24 as_IN \0Hon_NPT Treasurer_NPT and_CC the_ATI \0Hon_NPT Humphrey_NP H25 24 Slade_NP as_IN our_PP$ honorary_JJ H25 25 legal_JJ adviser_NN ._. H25 26 ^ Sir_NPT Arthur_NP Smith_NP reported_VBD enthusiastically_RB on_IN H25 26 the_ATI inaugural_JJ H25 27 meeting_NN which_WDTR he_PP3A attended_VBD in_IN Nairobi_NP ,_, on_IN H25 27 29th_OD November_NR ,_, 1960_CD ,_, when_WRB Sir_NPT H25 28 Godfrey_NP Rhodes_NP was_BEDZ in_IN the_ATI chair_NN supported_VBN H25 28 by_IN the_ATI \0Hon_NPT \0J_NP \0N_NP H25 29 Muimi_NP ,_, \0M.L.C_NPT ,_, the_ATI Minister_NPT of_IN health_NN ._. H25 30 ^ we_PP1AS rejoice_VB at_IN this_DT opening_NN of_IN a_AT new_JJ H25 30 chapter_NN in_IN our_PP$ history_NN and_CC H25 31 have_HV little_AP doubt_NN that_CS others_APS will_MD watch_VB with_IN H25 31 interest_NN this_DT experiment_NN H25 32 in_IN adapting_VBG the_ATI Barnardo_NP standards_NNS and_CC methods_NNS H25 32 of_IN child_NN care_NN to_IN the_ATI H25 33 needs_NNS of_IN a_AT community_NN whose_WP$R conditions_NNS of_IN H25 33 life_NN are_BER very_QL different_JJ from_IN H25 34 our_PP$ own_AP ._. ^ another_DT small_JJ piece_NN of_IN help_NN H25 34 which_WDTR may_MD be_BE mentioned_VBN is_BEZ that_DT H25 35 which_WDTR is_BEZ being_BEG given_VBN to_IN the_ATI Sanyu_NP babies_NNS H25 35 home_NR in_IN Uganda_NP ,_, in_CS order_CS" that_CS" H25 36 this_DT work_NN ,_, started_VBN by_IN missionaries_NNS of_IN the_ATI H25 36 Church_NPL missionary_JJ society_NN ,_, H25 37 for_IN babies_NNS abandoned_VBN in_IN the_ATI mission_NN Hospital_NPL H25 37 ,_, may_MD be_BE further_RBR H25 38 developed_VBN ._. H25 39 ^ mention_NN should_MD also_RB be_BE made_VBN of_IN an_AT appeal_NN H25 39 from_IN Hong_NP Kong_NP to_TO assist_VB H25 40 in_IN the_ATI placing_NN of_IN abandoned_JJ babies_NNS ,_, approved_VBN H25 40 as_CS suitable_JJ ,_, by_IN the_ATI H25 41 international_JJ social_JJ service_NN ,_, with_IN married_JJ H25 41 couples_NNS in_IN this_DT country_NN ,_, H25 42 who_WPR have_HV offered_VBN to_TO take_VB such_ABL children_NNS into_IN H25 42 their_PP$ homes_NRS ._. ^ in_IN Hong_NP Kong_NP H25 43 destitute_JJ children_NNS in_IN as_QL dire_JJB need_NN as_IN any_DTI H25 43 \0Dr_NPT Barnardo_NP found_VBD a_AT H25 44 hundred_CD years_NNS ago_RB on_IN our_PP$ London_NP streets_NNS are_BER H25 44 a_AT common_JJ sight_NN ,_, but_CC it_PP3 is_BEZ H25 45 clear_JJ that_CS the_ATI support_NN and_CC guidance_NN of_IN an_AT H25 45 adoption_NN society_NN such_IN as_IN" our_PP$ H25 46 own_AP is_BEZ essential_JJ if_CS such_ABL placements_NNS are_BER to_TO H25 46 be_BE made_VBN happily_RB ,_, and_CC the_ATI H25 47 interests_NNS of_IN these_DTS abandoned_JJ children_NNS safeguarded_VBN H25 47 ,_, in_IN all_ABN H25 48 eventualities_NNS ._. ^ we_PP1AS have_HV gladly_RB responded_VBN to_IN H25 48 this_DT call_NN and_CC who_WP can_MD tell_VB H25 49 to_IN what_WDT new_JJ enterprises_NNS these_DTS initial_JJ H25 49 experiments_NNS may_MD lead_VB by_IN the_ATI time_NN H25 50 we_PP1AS reach_VB our_PP$ centenary_NN in_IN 1966_CD ?_? H25 51 ^ changes_NNS in_IN Australia_NP too_RB ._. H25 52 ^ the_ATI wind_NN of_IN change_NN has_HVZ been_BEN blowing_VBG in_IN H25 52 the_ATI Australian_JNP branch_NN of_IN H25 53 our_PP$ family_NN too_RB ,_, and_CC much_AP has_HVZ happened_VBN H25 53 there_RN during_IN the_ATI last_AP year_NN ,_, H25 54 which_WDTR will_MD be_BE of_IN interest_NN to_IN our_PP$ readers_NNS H25 54 ._. ^ some_DTI of_IN our_PP$ large_JJ units_NNS ,_, H25 55 such_IN as_IN" the_ATI Picton_NP Farm_NPL School_NPL and_CC parts_NNS H25 55 of_IN Normanhurst_NP ,_, have_HV been_BEN H25 56 sold_VBN and_CC new_JJ homes_NRS more_QL suitable_JJ as_IN family_NN H25 56 group_NN homes_NRS purchased_VBN ,_, and_CC H25 57 in_IN addition_NN ,_, a_AT boarding_NN out_RP Officer_NPT has_HVZ H25 57 been_BEN appointed_VBN in_TO order_TO" to_TO" H25 58 further_VB this_DT type_NN of_IN care_NN in_IN our_PP$ Australian_JNP H25 58 work_NN ._. ^ we_PP1AS have_HV H25 59 unfortunately_RB experienced_VBN some_DTI difficulty_NN in_IN H25 59 finding_VBG a_AT sufficient_JJ H25 60 number_NN of_IN children_NNS free_JJ to_TO emigrate_VB from_IN this_DT H25 60 country_NN ,_, partly_RB because_IN H25 61 of_IN" the_ATI ties_NNS which_WDTR so_QL many_AP now_RN retain_VB H25 61 with_IN at_RB least_RB" some_DTI members_NNS of_IN H25 62 their_PP$ own_AP family_NN ._. ^ although_CS this_DT must_MD be_BE H25 62 disappointing_JJ to_IN our_PP$ New_NP H25 63 South_NP Wales_NP committee_NN who_WPR have_HV given_VBN so_QL much_AP H25 63 thought_NN and_CC effort_NN to_IN the_ATI H25 64 changes_NNS already_RB mentioned_VBN ,_, they_PP3AS hope_VB also_RB H25 64 to_TO open_VB a_AT new_JJ chapter_NN in_IN H25 65 offering_VBG admission_NN to_IN local_JJ Australian_JNP children_NNS H25 65 who_WPR may_MD be_BE in_IN need_NN ._. H25 66 ^ Barnardo_NP publications_NNS on_IN child_NN care_NN ._. H25 67 ^ opening_VBG new_JJ branches_NNS is_BEZ not_XNOT however_RB the_ATI H25 67 only_AP way_NN in_IN which_WDTR we_PP1AS H25 68 feel_VB able_JJ to_TO help_VB with_IN child_NN care_NN problems_NNS H25 68 in_IN the_ATI world_NN at_RB large_RB" ,_, and_CC H25 69 we_PP1AS always_RB welcome_VB at_IN Stepney_NP the_ATI numerous_JJ H25 69 visitors_NNS from_IN abroad_RB who_WPR H25 70 want_VB to_TO profit_VB by_IN the_ATI experience_NN of_IN our_PP$ H25 70 senior_JJ officers_NNS and_CC also_RB see_VB H25 71 some_DTI of_IN our_PP$ branch_NN homes_NRS or_CC special_JJ schools_NNS H25 71 for_IN themselves_PPLS ._. H25 72 ^ but_CC there_EX is_BEZ much_AP help_NN that_WPR could_MD be_BE H25 72 disseminated_VBN more_QL widely_RB by_IN H25 73 means_IN" of_IN" booklets_NNS on_IN various_JJ technical_JJ aspects_NNS H25 73 of_IN our_PP$ work_NN ,_, and_CC the_ATI H25 74 preparation_NN of_IN two_CD of_IN these_DTS has_HVZ begun_VBN this_DT H25 74 year_NN ._. ^ one_CD1 is_BEZ on_IN the_ATI method_NN H25 75 of_IN helping_VBG cases_NNS of_IN enuresis_NN or_CC bed_NN wetting_NN H25 75 and_CC the_ATI other_AP out-lines_VBZ H25 76 a_AT scheme_NN of_IN help_NN for_IN spastic_JJ children_NNS (_( H25 76 those_DTS suffering_VBG from_IN H25 77 cerebral_JJ palsy_NN )_) from_IN early_JJ infancy_NN ._. ^ further_JJB H25 77 subjects_NNS will_MD be_BE dealt_VBN H25 78 with_IN in_IN due_JJ course_NN ,_, and_CC should_MD prove_VB a_AT H25 78 valuable_JJ means_NN of_IN passing_VBG on_RP to_IN H25 79 others_APS the_ATI experience_NN we_PP1AS have_HV gained_VBN H25 79 ourselves_PPLS through_IN the_ATI years_NNS since_CS H25 80 \0Dr_NPT Barnardo_NP himself_PPL first_RB opened_VBD the_ATI door_NN H25 80 nearly_RB 100_CD years_NNS ago_RB ._. H25 81 ^ homes_NRS for_IN special_JJ needs_NNS ._. H25 82 ^ the_ATI work_NN of_IN our_PP$ special_JJ homes_NRS ,_, linked_VBN H25 82 with_IN boarding_NN schools_NNS for_IN H25 83 the_ATI backward_JJ or_CC physically_RB handicapped_JJ has_HVZ H25 83 continued_VBN steadily_RB and_CC H25 84 there_EX have_HV been_BEN small_JJ waiting_NN lists_NNS for_IN any_DTI H25 84 vacancies_NNS that_WPR might_MD H25 85 occur_VB ._. ^ the_ATI ministry_NN of_IN education_NN ,_, convinced_VBN H25 85 that_CS the_ATI need_NN for_IN these_DTS H25 86 schools_NNS has_HVZ been_BEN largely_RB met_VBN ,_, placed_VBD H25 86 limits_NNS on_IN the_ATI maximum_JJ numbers_NNS for_IN H25 87 each_DT school_NN ,_, which_WDTR reduced_VBD the_ATI places_NNS H25 87 available_JJ by_IN about_RB twenty-five_CD ._. H25 88 ^ as_QL far_RB as_CS we_PP1AS are_BER concerned_VBN ,_, the_ATI H25 88 chief_JJB effect_NN of_IN the_ATI more_QL adequate_JJ H25 89 national_JJ provision_NN for_IN the_ATI physically_RB handicapped_JJ H25 89 has_HVZ been_BEN a_AT tendency_NN H25 90 to_TO limit_VB applicants_NNS for_IN admission_NN to_IN a_AT special_JJ H25 90 type_NN of_IN problem_NN ._. ^ this_DT H25 91 is_BEZ the_ATI child_NN with_IN a_AT severe_JJ handicap_NN ,_, H25 91 whatever_WDT its_PP$ actual_JJ nature_NN ,_, and_CC H25 92 of_IN relatively_RB retarded_JJ intelligence_NN ,_, whose_WP$R home_NR H25 92 can_MD not_XNOT cope_VB with_IN the_ATI H25 93 problem_NN involved_VBN ._. ^ such_ABL cases_NNS exact_VB a_AT heavy_JJ H25 93 toll_NN of_IN patience_NN and_CC toil_NN H25 94 from_IN our_PP$ staff_NN ,_, and_CC we_PP1AS never_RB cease_VB to_TO H25 94 admire_VB the_ATI devoted_JJ service_NN so_QL H25 95 many_AP of_IN them_PP3OS give_VB to_IN this_DT cause_NN ._. ^ the_ATI H25 95 work_NN makes_VBZ its_PP$ own_AP appeal_NN H25 96 however_RB ,_, and_CC we_PP1AS have_HV not_XNOT experienced_VBN H25 96 undue_JJ difficulty_NN in_IN keeping_VBG these_DTS H25 97 homes_NRS staffed_VBN ._. H25 98 ^ a_AT special_JJ group_NN of_IN these_DTS children_NNS is_BEZ H25 98 the_ATI severe_JJ *'_*' spastics_NNS H25 99 **'_**' whose_WP$R educability_NN can_MD only_RB be_BE decided_VBN H25 99 by_IN an_AT actual_JJ period_NN of_IN trial_NN ._. H25 100 ^ the_ATI County_NPL education_NN Officers_NPTS have_HV shown_VBN H25 100 themselves_PPLS more_RB than_RB" ready_JJ H25 101 to_TO sponsor_VB such_ABL a_AT trial_NN but_CC often_RB search_VB H25 101 desperately_RB for_IN any_DTI boarding_NN H25 102 school_NN willing_JJ to_TO provide_VB the_ATI opportunity_NN ._. ^ H25 102 here_RN we_PP1AS have_HV felt_VBN was_BEDZ a_AT H25 103 need_NN which_WDTR should_MD appeal_VB to_IN an_AT organisation_NN H25 103 such_IN as_IN" ours_PP$$ ,_, and_CC we_PP1AS have_HV H25 104 arranged_VBN an_AT extra_JJ class_NN in_IN each_DT of_IN our_PP$ H25 104 five_CD schools_NNS ,_, where_WRB such_ABL a_AT H25 105 trial_NN can_MD be_BE given_VBN ._. H25 106 ^ allied_VBN to_IN this_DT work_NN has_HVZ been_BEN our_PP$ H25 106 centre_NN near_IN Derby_NP at_IN which_WDTR we_PP1AS H25 107 have_HV sheltered_VBN and_CC helped_VBN up_RP to_IN 25_CD mentally_RB H25 107 disordered_JJ children_NNS who_WPR H25 108 have_HV either_DTX been_BEN ascertained_VBN as_IN such_ABL H25 108 subsequent_RB to_IN admission_NN ,_, or_CC who_WPR H25 109 were_BED admitted_VBN for_IN a_AT short_JJ period_NN to_TO give_VB H25 109 their_PP$ parents_NNS a_AT much_RB needed_JJ H25 110 rest_NN ._. H25 111 ^ mention_NN has_HVZ already_RB been_BEN made_VBN of_IN the_ATI H25 111 working_JJ party_NN considering_VBG H25 112 the_ATI needs_NNS of_IN children_NNS suffering_VBG from_IN mental_JJ H25 112 disorder_NN ._. ^ this_DT has_HVZ now_RN H25 113 reported_VBN and_CC its_PP$ recommendations_NNS have_HV been_BEN H25 113 accepted_VBN by_IN the_ATI council_NN ._. H25 114 ^ although_CS they_PP3AS can_MD only_RB be_BE implemented_VBN in_IN H25 114 due_JJ course_NN it_PP3 is_BEZ hoped_VBN to_TO H25 115 extend_VB the_ATI work_NN we_PP1AS are_BER now_RN doing_VBG at_IN H25 115 our_PP$ home_NR near_IN Derby_NP ,_, and_CC thus_RB H25 116 increase_VB the_ATI scope_NN of_IN our_PP$ work_NN to_TO help_VB in_IN H25 116 this_DT urgent_JJ national_JJ H25 117 problem_NN ._. H25 118 ^ there_EX remain_VB one_CD1 or_CC two_CD specific_JJ problems_NNS H25 118 such_IN as_IN" deafness_NN ,_, H25 119 blindness_NN or_CC severe_JJ speech_NN defects_NNS for_IN which_WDTR H25 119 we_PP1AS do_DO not_XNOT ourselves_PPLS H25 120 provide_VB the_ATI special_JJ treatment_NN and_CC education_NN H25 120 required_VBN ,_, but_CC even_RB here_RN ,_, H25 121 we_PP1AS can_MD and_CC do_DO help_VB by_IN arranging_VBG admission_NN H25 121 and_CC then_RN planning_VBG the_ATI help_NN H25 122 required_VBN with_IN the_ATI aid_NN of_IN those_DTS who_WPR have_HV H25 122 the_ATI facilities_NNS ._. ^ with_IN this_DT H25 123 provision_NN in_IN mind_NN ,_, we_PP1AS might_MD rightly_RB add_VB H25 123 to_IN our_PP$ original_JJ motto_NN *'_*' no_ATI H25 124 destitute_JJ child_NN ever_RB refused_VBN admission_NN **'_**' ,_, a_AT H25 124 modern_JJ variation_NN *'_*' no_ATI H25 125 child_NN in_IN need_NN refused_VBN the_ATI help_NN he_PP3A or_CC H25 125 she_PP3A requires_VBZ **'_**' ._. ^ we_PP1AS are_BER H25 126 certainly_RB doing_VBG our_PP$ best_JJT to_TO make_VB this_DT a_AT H25 126 reality_NN ._. H25 127 ^ our_PP$ approved_JJ schools_NNS ._. H25 128 ^ a_AT glance_NN at_IN the_ATI page_NN *'_*' our_PP$ work_NN in_RB H25 128 brief_RB" **'_**' which_WDTR concludes_VBZ H25 129 this_DT report_NN ,_, may_MD surprise_VB some_DTI by_IN its_PP$ H25 129 reference_NN to_IN two_CD approved_JJ H25 130 schools_NNS ,_, and_CC it_PP3 will_MD be_BE noted_VBN that_CS this_DT H25 130 is_BEZ not_XNOT a_AT charge_NN on_IN our_PP$ H25 131 charitable_JJ funds_NNS ._. ^ it_PP3 is_BEZ however_RB a_AT piece_NN H25 131 of_IN work_NN of_IN which_WDTR Barnardo_NP H25 132 supporters_NNS should_MD rightly_RB be_BE very_QL proud_JJ ,_, and_CC H25 132 the_ATI record_NN of_IN these_DTS two_CD H25 133 schools_NNS in_IN their_PP$ work_NN for_IN children_NNS in_IN need_NN H25 133 is_BEZ not_XNOT surpassed_VBN by_IN that_DT of_IN H25 134 any_DTI of_IN our_PP$ other_AP branches_NNS ._. H25 135 ^ it_PP3 is_BEZ perhaps_RB not_XNOT sufficiently_RB realised_VBN H25 135 by_IN the_ATI public_NN generally_RB H25 136 that_CS the_ATI home_NR office_NN is_BEZ glad_JJ to_TO entrust_VB H25 136 the_ATI running_NN of_IN these_DTS schools_NNS H25 137 to_IN a_AT number_NN of_IN Christian_JNP organisations_NNS ,_, H25 137 realising_VBG that_CS the_ATI Christian_JNP H25 138 faith_NN and_CC way_NN of_IN life_NN can_MD supply_VB the_ATI H25 138 stabilising_JJ power_NN these_DTS boys_NNS so_QL H25 139 greatly_RB need_VB ._. ^ it_PP3 will_MD of_RB course_RB" be_BE H25 139 realised_VBN that_CS the_ATI boys_NNS admitted_VBN H25 140 have_HV been_BEN sent_VBN to_IN us_PP1OS by_IN the_ATI children's_NNS$ H25 140 courts_NNS and_CC have_HV no_ATI other_AP H25 141 connection_NN with_IN our_PP$ own_AP Barnardo_NP family_NN ._. H25 142 ^ in_IN most_AP cases_NNS the_ATI boys_NNS lack_VB the_ATI right_JJ H25 142 kind_NN of_IN home_NR support_NN and_CC H25 143 care_NN and_CC at_IN times_NNS may_MD have_HV no_ATI suitable_JJ H25 143 home_NR to_IN which_WDTR they_PP3AS can_MD return_VB H25 144 when_WRB their_PP$ school_NN training_NN is_BEZ deemed_VBN to_TO be_BE H25 144 completed_VBN ._. ^ this_DT fact_NN makes_VBZ H25 145 it_PP3 most_QL appropriate_JJ that_CS a_AT Christian_JNP child_NN H25 145 care_NN organisation_NN should_MD be_BE H25 146 responsible_JJ for_IN their_PP$ future_NN and_CC can_MD ,_, when_WRB H25 146 necessary_JJ ,_, offer_VB the_ATI H25 147 hospitality_NN of_IN a_AT home_NR or_CC hostel_NN to_TO meet_VB the_ATI H25 147 need_NN ._. H25 148 ^ going_VBG out_RP into_IN the_ATI world_NN ._. H25 149 ^ for_IN every_AT boy_NN and_CC girl_NN who_WPR has_HVZ been_BEN H25 149 living_VBG in_IN the_ATI Barnardo_NP H25 150 family_NN the_ATI day_NN comes_VBZ when_WRB they_PP3AS must_MD start_VB H25 150 in_IN their_PP$ first_OD post_NN and_CC in_IN H25 151 many_AP cases_NNS have_HV their_PP$ first_OD experience_NN of_IN H25 151 lodgings_NNS ._. H25 152 ^ it_PP3 will_MD be_BE realised_VBN how_WRB much_AP help_NN H25 152 they_PP3AS may_MD need_VB in_IN the_ATI first_OD one_CD1 H25 153 or_CC two_CD years_NNS ,_, and_CC our_PP$ well_RB organised_JJ and_CC H25 153 staffed_JJ after_JJB care_NN H25 154 departments_NNS for_IN boys_NNS and_CC girls_NNS are_BER planned_VBN H25 154 to_TO provide_VB this_DT help_NN ._. H25 155 ^ what_WDT happens_VBZ ._. H25 156 ^ you_PP2 may_MD wonder_VB what_WDT happens_VBZ to_IN our_PP$ H25 156 boys_NNS and_CC girls_NNS ,_, and_CC the_ATI H25 157 answer_NN can_MD best_RBT be_BE found_VBN in_IN the_ATI pages_NNS of_IN H25 157 the_ATI old_JJ boys_NNS and_CC girls_NNS H25 158 magazine_NN the_ATI guild_NN messenger_NN ._. ^ this_DT is_BEZ H25 158 published_VBN four_CD times_NNS a_AT year_NN H25 159 and_CC each_DT issue_NN has_HVZ at_RB least_RB" twelve_CD pages_NNS H25 159 of_IN *'_*' news_NN from_IN all_ABN H25 160 quarters_NNS **'_**' ,_, weddings_NNS ,_, \0etc_RB ,_, and_CC H25 160 correspondence_NN from_IN all_ABN parts_NNS of_IN H25 161 the_ATI world_NN ._. ^ it_PP3 is_BEZ a_AT wonderful_JJ story_NN of_IN H25 161 how_WRB these_DTS young_JJ people_NNS ,_, who_WPR H25 162 seemed_VBD at_IN one_CD1 time_NN to_TO have_HV lost_VBN all_ABN that_WPR H25 162 matters_VBZ most_RBT ,_, have_HV won_VBN their_PP$ H25 163 way_NN back_RP to_TO find_VB their_PP$ own_AP niche_NN in_IN a_AT H25 163 difficult_JJ world_NN ._. ^ this_DT magazine_NN ,_, H25 164 with_IN all_ABN its_PP$ personal_JJ news_NN ,_, is_BEZ only_RB for_IN H25 164 members_NNS of_IN the_ATI old_JJ boys_NNS and_CC H25 165 girls_NNS guild_NN ,_, but_CC if_CS any_DTI of_IN our_PP$ keen_JJ H25 165 supporters_NNS could_MD steal_VB a_AT glimpse_NN H25 166 at_IN its_PP$ pages_NNS ,_, their_PP$ hearts_NNS would_MD be_BE H25 166 warmed_VBN within_IN them_PP3OS ._. H25 167 ^ it_PP3 tells_VBZ also_RB of_IN annual_JJ re-unions_NNS and_CC H25 167 dinners_NNS held_VBN in_IN various_JJ H25 168 parts_NNS of_IN the_ATI country_NN and_CC of_IN the_ATI activities_NNS H25 168 in_IN the_ATI well_RB established_JJ H25 169 club_NN at_IN Stepney_NP ,_, where_WRB old_JJ boys_NNS and_CC girls_NNS H25 169 ,_, within_IN reach_NN ,_, foregather_VB on_IN H25 170 Friday_NR evenings_NNS or_CC for_IN special_JJ social_JJ occasions_NNS H25 170 ._. H25 171 ^ finally_RB ,_, mention_NN may_MD be_BE made_VBN of_IN a_AT H25 171 letter_NN which_WDTR is_BEZ sent_VBN out_RP at_IN H25 172 Christmastime_NNP to_IN every_AT old_JJ boy_NN and_CC girl_NN whose_WP$R H25 172 address_NN is_BEZ known_VBN ,_, H25 173 however_WRB many_AP years_NNS ago_RB they_PP3AS may_MD have_HV left_VBN H25 173 our_PP$ care_NN ._. ^ some_DTI six_CD thousand_CD H25 174 of_IN these_DTS are_BER sent_VBN and_CC the_ATI numerous_JJ replies_NNS H25 174 received_VBN indicate_VB how_WRB much_RB H25 175 they_PP3AS are_BER appreciated_VBN ._. H25 176 ^ what_WDT is_BEZ the_ATI secret_NN of_IN success_NN ._. H25 177 ^ we_PP1AS of_RB course_RB" have_HV our_PP$ *'_*' black_JJ sheep_NNS H25 177 **'_**' and_CC some_DTI do_DO not_XNOT succeed_VB H25 178 as_QL well_RB as_IN others_APS in_IN overcoming_VBG their_PP$ H25 178 initial_JJ handicaps_NNS ,_, but_CC we_PP1AS feel_VB H25 179 confident_JJ that_CS our_PP$ records_NNS reveal_VB a_AT high_JJ H25 179 level_NN of_IN success_NN in_IN preparing_VBG H25 180 our_PP$ boys_NNS and_CC girls_NNS for_IN life_NN and_CC all_ABN its_PP$ H25 180 demands_NNS upon_IN them_PP3OS ._. ^ when_WRB H25 181 viewed_VBN against_IN the_ATI background_NN of_IN low_JJ standards_NNS H25 181 of_IN morality_NN ,_, honesty_NN H25 182 and_CC behaviour_NN which_WDTR many_AP of_IN our_PP$ national_JJ H25 182 leaders_NNS deplore_VB as_IN a_AT feature_NN H25 183 of_IN our_PP$ times_NNS ,_, we_PP1AS might_MD well_RB be_BE H25 183 challenged_VBN to_TO say_VB what_WDT is_BEZ the_ATI secret_NN of_IN H25 184 character_NN building_NN which_WDTR turns_VBZ out_RP so_QL many_AP H25 184 of_IN our_PP$ children_NNS as_IN worthy_JJ H25 185 citizens_NNS ._. H25 186 ^ the_ATI answer_NN may_MD best_RBT be_BE given_VBN by_IN saying_VBG H25 186 that_CS we_PP1AS would_MD not_XNOT dare_VB H25 187 to_TO take_VB the_ATI responsibility_NN of_IN sending_VBG these_DTS H25 187 our_PP$ children_NNS out_RP into_IN the_ATI H25 188 world_NN without_IN the_ATI foundation_NN of_IN a_AT strong_JJ H25 188 Christian_JNP faith_NN ._. H26 2 a_AT demonstration_NN of_IN historic_JJ books_NNS of_IN medicine_NN H26 2 and_CC science_NN was_BEDZ H26 3 held_VBN as_IN one_CD1 of_IN the_ATI children's_NNS$ Christmas_NP H26 3 lectures_NNS in_IN the_ATI College_NPL and_CC H26 4 evoked_VBD much_AP interest_NN and_CC many_AP questions_NNS from_IN H26 4 the_ATI girls_NNS and_CC boys_NNS H26 5 present_JJ at_IN it_PP3 ._. H26 6 ^ through_IN the_ATI generosity_NN of_IN the_ATI council_NN the_ATI H26 6 librarian_NN attended_VBD the_ATI H26 7 17_CD international_JJ congress_NN of_IN the_ATI history_NN of_IN H26 7 medicine_NN at_IN Athens_NP and_CC H26 8 Cos_NP ,_, and_CC afterwards_RB contributed_VBD an_AT account_NN of_IN H26 8 this_DT stimulating_JJ H26 9 occasion_NN to_IN the_ATI annals_NNS ._. ^ the_ATI College_NPL was_BEDZ H26 9 represented_VBN at_IN the_ATI first_OD H26 10 British_JNP congress_NN of_IN medical_JJ history_NN organised_VBN by_IN H26 10 the_ATI society_NN of_IN H26 11 apothecaries_NNS ,_, and_CC an_AT exhibition_NN largely_RB of_IN H26 11 books_NNS from_IN the_ATI library_NN was_BEDZ H26 12 arranged_VBN in_IN the_ATI College_NPL for_IN the_ATI occasion_NN ._. H26 13 ^ a_AT stock_NN of_IN copies_NNS of_IN Sir_NPT Zachary_NP Cope's_NP$ H26 13 history_NN of_IN the_ATI College_NPL H26 14 and_CC of_IN the_ATI catalogue_NN of_IN the_ATI portraits_NNS is_BEZ H26 14 available_JJ for_IN sale_NN from_IN H26 15 the_ATI library_NN ,_, and_CC the_ATI demand_NN has_HVZ been_BEN H26 15 continuous_JJ ._. H26 16 ^ material_NN for_IN *'_*' lives_NNS **'_**' of_IN all_ABN H26 16 fellows_NNS who_WPR have_HV died_VBN is_BEZ regularly_RB H26 17 collected_VBN and_CC it_PP3 is_BEZ hoped_VBN to_TO edit_VB the_ATI H26 17 memoirs_NNS covering_VBG January_NR 1952_CD to_IN H26 18 December_NR 1960_CD for_IN publication_NN very_QL shortly_RB ._. ^ H26 18 Plarr's_NP$ lives_NNS of_IN the_ATI H26 19 fellows_NNS 1843-1930_CD-CD is_BEZ out_RP of_IN print_NN ,_, but_CC H26 19 the_ATI volume_NN of_IN lives_NNS of_IN H26 20 fellows_NNS 1930-1951_CD-CD is_BEZ on_IN sale_NN from_IN the_ATI H26 20 library_NN ,_, price_NN 42_CD \0s_NNU H26 21 ._. ^ illustrated_JJ accounts_NNS of_IN the_ATI College_NPL H26 21 buildings_NNS and_CC possessions_NNS H26 22 have_HV been_BEN published_VBN by_IN \0Mr_NPT Peter_NP McLennan_NP H26 22 in_IN impulse_NN ,_, June_NR 1961_CD ,_, H26 23 and_CC by_IN \0Mr_NPT Arthur_NP Oswald_NP in_IN country_NN life_NN ,_, H26 23 20th_OD July_NR and_CC 17th_OD H26 24 August_NR 1961_CD ._. H26 25 ^ manuscripts_NNS ._. H26 26 ^ the_ATI Dowager_NPT Lady_NPT Rigby_NP has_HVZ generously_RB H26 26 presented_VBN an_AT autograph_NN H26 27 manuscript_NN of_IN Sir_NPT Frederic_NP Treves_NP in_IN which_WDTR H26 27 he_PP3A began_VBD to_TO record_VB his_PP$ H26 28 reminiscences_NNS of_IN unusual_JJ cases_NNS or_CC distinguished_JJ H26 28 patients_NNS ._. ^ it_PP3 records_VBZ H26 29 his_PP$ treatment_NN of_IN Sir_NPT John_NP Millais_NP the_ATI H26 29 painter_NN and_CC Sir_NPT Henry_NP Irving_NP the_ATI H26 30 actor_NN ,_, with_IN a_AT long_JJ account_NN of_IN his_PP$ H26 30 attendance_NN on_IN King_NPT Edward_NP 7_CD ._. ^ the_ATI H26 31 Millais_NP case_NN has_HVZ been_BEN published_VBN in_IN the_ATI H26 31 annals_NNS ._. H26 32 ^ an_AT annotated_JJ transcript_NN has_HVZ been_BEN published_VBN H26 32 in_IN medical_JJ history_NN H26 33 of_IN the_ATI manuscript_NN which_WDTR was_BEDZ found_VBN in_IN the_ATI H26 33 copy_NN of_IN Geminus'_NP$ anatomy_NN H26 34 (_( 1553_CD )_) ,_, purchased_VBN in_IN 1959_CD ._. ^ this_DT is_BEZ H26 34 the_ATI account_NN kept_VBN by_IN a_AT country_NN H26 35 surgeon_NN in_IN 1609_CD in_IN the_ATI North_NP Riding_NP of_IN H26 35 Yorkshire_NP ,_, recording_VBG the_ATI H26 36 ailments_NNS ,_, treatment_NN ,_, and_CC payments_NNS of_IN his_PP$ H26 36 patients_NNS ._. H26 37 ^ an_AT autograph_NN letter_NN from_IN John_NP Hunter_NP to_IN H26 37 William_NP Eden_NP ,_, 1st_OD Lord_NPT H26 38 Auckland_NP ,_, has_HVZ been_BEN bought_VBN ;_; it_PP3 is_BEZ H26 38 particularly_RB interesting_JJ for_IN the_ATI H26 39 light_NN it_PP3 throws_VBZ on_IN Hunter's_NP$ familiar_JJ friendship_NN H26 39 with_IN this_DT H26 40 distinguished_JJ statesman_NN ._. ^ another_DT interesting_JJ H26 40 purchase_NN is_BEZ a_AT small_JJ H26 41 note-book_NN in_IN which_WDTR Thomas_NP Howitt_NP (_( \0F.R.C.S_NPT H26 41 1853_CD )_) kept_VBD record_NN of_IN H26 42 his_PP$ attendance_NN on_IN the_ATI lectures_NNS of_IN Charles_NP H26 42 Bell_NP and_CC others_APS in_IN London_NP H26 43 and_CC of_IN Guillaume_NP Dupuytren_NP in_IN Paris_NP in_IN the_ATI H26 43 eighteen-thirties_CDS ._. H26 44 ^ through_IN the_ATI good_JJ offices_NNS of_IN Sir_NPT James_NP H26 44 Paterson_NP Ross_NP ,_, \0Bt_NPT ,_, the_ATI H26 45 records_NNS of_IN Sir_NPT Thomas_NP Dunhill's_NP$ thyroid_JJ H26 45 patients_NNS have_HV been_BEN presented_VBN H26 46 to_IN the_ATI College_NPL ;_; they_PP3AS have_HV been_BEN arranged_VBN H26 46 and_CC indexed_VBN by_IN Sir_NPT Thomas's_NP$ H26 47 personal_JJ secretary_NN ,_, Miss_NPT Mary_NP Macdonald_NP ._. H26 48 ^ other_AP gifts_NNS of_IN manuscripts_NNS ,_, autographs_NNS ,_, H26 48 and_CC photocopies_NNS of_IN H26 49 documents_NNS are_BER gratefully_RB acknowledged_VBN from_IN Sir_NPT H26 49 Zachary_NP Cope_NP ,_, \0Dr_NPT H26 50 \0D_NP \0W_NP Dawson_NP ,_, \0Mr_NPT \0D_NP \0M_NP Hall_NP ,_, H26 50 \0Prof_NPT Milroy_NP Paul_NP ,_, Sir_NPT H26 51 Harry_NP Platt_NP ,_, \0Bt_NPT ,_, \0Prof_NPT \0K_NP \0F_NP Russell_NP H26 51 ,_, Miss_NPT \0D_NP Tremain_NP ,_, and_CC H26 52 the_ATI College_NPL of_IN physicians_NNS of_IN Philadelphia_NP ._. H26 53 ^ meetings_NNS and_CC other_AP activities_NNS ._. H26 54 ^ by_IN permission_NN of_IN the_ATI President_NPT ,_, meetings_NNS H26 54 were_BED held_VBN in_IN the_ATI H26 55 library_NN by_IN the_ATI medical_JJ section_NN of_IN the_ATI library_NN H26 55 association_NN and_CC by_IN the_ATI H26 56 society_NN for_IN the_ATI bibliography_NN of_IN natural_JJ history_NN H26 56 ._. ^ the_ATI librarians_NNS of_IN H26 57 the_ATI eight_CD principal_JJB medical_JJ libraries_NNS in_IN London_NP H26 57 held_VBD their_PP$ annual_JJ H26 58 meeting_NN in_IN the_ATI librarian's_NN$ office_NN and_CC discussed_VBD H26 58 the_ATI ways_NNS and_CC means_NNS of_IN H26 59 their_PP$ co-operation_NN ._. ^ this_DT informal_JJ co-operative_JJ H26 59 organisation_NN was_BEDZ H26 60 inaugurated_VBN in_IN 1938_CD under_IN the_ATI encouragement_NN of_IN H26 60 Sir_NPT Gordon_NP H26 61 Gordon-Taylor_NP ,_, when_WRB he_PP3A was_BEDZ chairman_NN of_IN H26 61 the_ATI College's_NPL$ library_NN H26 62 committee_NN ._. H26 63 ^ several_AP foreign_JJ surgeons_NNS ,_, scholars_NNS ,_, and_CC H26 63 librarians_NNS have_HV visited_VBN H26 64 the_ATI library_NN ,_, and_CC the_ATI librarian_NN was_BEDZ H26 64 particularly_RB honoured_VBN by_IN a_AT visit_NN H26 65 from_IN \0Dr_NPT \0F_NP Bradford_NP Rogers_NP ,_, Director_NPT of_IN H26 65 the_ATI \0U.S_NP national_JJ H26 66 library_NN of_IN medicine_NN ,_, when_WRB he_PP3A was_BEDZ passing_VBG H26 66 through_IN London_NP ._. H26 67 ^ the_ATI honorary_JJ librarian_NN was_BEDZ awarded_VBN the_ATI H26 67 first_OD honorary_JJ fellowship_NN H26 68 of_IN the_ATI new_JJ faculty_NN of_IN the_ATI history_NN of_IN H26 68 medicine_NN and_CC pharmacy_NN of_IN the_ATI H26 69 society_NN of_IN apothecaries_NNS ._. H26 70 ^ the_ATI librarian_NN has_HVZ been_BEN elected_VBN a_AT fellow_NN H26 70 of_IN the_ATI society_NN of_IN H26 71 antiquaries_NNS and_CC an_AT honorary_JJ fellow_NN of_IN the_ATI H26 71 Hunterian_JNP society_NN ._. ^ he_PP3A has_HVZ H26 72 continued_VBN to_TO serve_VB as_IN chairman_NN of_IN the_ATI library_NN H26 72 committee_NN of_IN the_ATI royal_JJ H26 73 College_NPL of_IN nursing_NN ,_, and_CC has_HVZ been_BEN appointed_VBN H26 73 to_IN the_ATI council_NN of_IN the_ATI world_NN H26 74 list_NN of_IN scientific_JJ periodicals_NNS ._. ^ he_PP3A attended_VBN H26 74 by_IN invitation_NN a_AT meeting_NN H26 75 called_VBN by_IN the_ATI royal_JJ society_NN of_IN medicine_NN to_TO H26 75 discuss_VB the_ATI part_NN which_WDTR H26 76 various_JJ national_JJ and_CC medical_JJ libraries_NNS might_MD be_BE H26 76 able_JJ to_TO play_VB in_IN H26 77 providing_VBG a_AT more_QL complete_JJ service_NN of_IN medical_JJ H26 77 literature_NN on_IN a_AT national_JJ H26 78 scale_NN ._. H26 79 ^ the_ATI assistant_NN librarian_NN has_HVZ served_VBN on_IN the_ATI H26 79 council_NN of_IN the_ATI library_NN H26 80 association_NN ,_, and_CC is_BEZ honorary_JJ Secretary_NPT of_IN H26 80 its_PP$ medical_JJ section_NN ._. H26 81 ^ the_ATI librarian_NN spoke_VBD to_IN the_ATI postgraduate_JJB H26 81 students_NNS on_IN the_ATI use_NN and_CC H26 82 facilities_NNS of_IN the_ATI library_NN at_IN the_ATI beginning_NN H26 82 of_IN each_DT of_IN the_ATI courses_NNS of_IN H26 83 lectures_NNS ._. ^ by_IN direction_NN of_IN the_ATI council_NN ,_, H26 83 he_PP3A was_BEDZ privileged_JJ to_TO address_VB H26 84 the_ATI annual_JJ meeting_NN of_IN fellows_NNS and_CC members_NNS on_IN H26 84 the_ATI work_NN of_IN the_ATI library_NN H26 85 in_IN connexion_NN with_IN the_ATI teaching_NN and_CC research_NN H26 85 departments_NNS ._. H26 86 ^ exhibitions_NNS ._. H26 87 ^ in_IN addition_NN to_IN the_ATI permanent_JJ exhibitions_NNS of_IN H26 87 Hunteriana_NNPS ,_, medals_NNS ,_, H26 88 drawings_NNS ,_, \0etc_RB ,_, temporary_JJ exhibits_NNS have_HV H26 88 been_BEN shown_VBN for_IN special_JJ H26 89 occasions_NNS in_IN the_ATI exhibition_NN Halls_NPLS ._. ^ the_ATI H26 89 library_NN has_HVZ had_HVN the_ATI H26 90 co-operation_NN of_IN the_ATI historical_JJ departments_NNS of_IN H26 90 the_ATI museum_NN in_IN the_ATI H26 91 mounting_NN of_IN these_DTS ,_, and_CC particular_JJ thanks_NNS are_BER H26 91 due_JJ to_IN Miss_NPT Jessie_NP H26 92 Dobson_NP ,_, the_ATI anatomy_NN curator_NN ,_, for_IN her_PP$ help_NN H26 92 and_CC advice_NN ._. ^ an_AT exhibition_NN H26 93 of_IN Listeriana_NNPS was_BEDZ set_VBN up_RP at_IN the_ATI time_NN H26 93 of_IN the_ATI Lister_NP lecture_NN ,_, and_CC the_ATI H26 94 bicentenary_NN of_IN the_ATI birth_NN of_IN Matthew_NP Baillie_NP in_IN H26 94 1761_CD has_HVZ been_BEN H26 95 commemorated_VBN by_IN an_AT exhibit_NN of_IN books_NNS and_CC H26 95 documents_NNS from_IN the_ATI H26 96 Hunter-Baillie_NP collection_NN ,_, illustrating_VBG his_PP$ career_NN H26 96 ._. ^ Professor_NPT \0H_NP H26 97 \0J_NP Seddon_NP kindly_RB lent_VBD several_AP drawings_NNS and_CC H26 97 other_AP memorabilia_NNS of_IN the_ATI H26 98 early_JJ years_NNS of_IN modern_JJ orthopaedic_JJ surgery_NN for_IN H26 98 exhibition_NN on_IN the_ATI H26 99 occasion_NN of_IN his_PP$ Robert_NP Jones_NP lecture_NN ,_, to_TO H26 99 augment_VB the_ATI valuable_JJ exhibits_NNS H26 100 permanently_RB shown_VBN by_IN the_ATI British_JNP orthopaedic_JJ H26 100 association_NN ._. H26 101 ^ the_ATI College_NPL lent_VBD four_CD early_JJ anaesthesia_NN H26 101 books_NNS to_IN the_ATI University_NPL H26 102 Library_NPL at_IN Nancy_NP for_IN exhibition_NN at_IN the_ATI H26 102 national_JJ anaesthesia_NN conference_NN H26 103 of_IN France_NP ._. ^ a_AT collection_NN of_IN portrait_NN H26 103 engravings_NNS of_IN famous_JJ medical_JJ men_NNS H26 104 was_BEDZ lent_VBN to_IN the_ATI art_NN gallery_NN at_IN Auckland_NP H26 104 for_IN the_ATI \0B.M.A_NP meeting_NN in_IN H26 105 New_NP Zealand_NP ._. H26 106 ^ portraits_NNS and_CC works_NNS of_IN art_NN ._. H26 107 ^ four_CD important_JJ paintings_NNS have_HV been_BEN added_VBN H26 107 to_IN the_ATI gallery_NN of_IN H26 108 portraits_NNS of_IN surgeons_NNS :_: Sir_NPT Harry_NP Platt_NP ,_, H26 108 \0Bt_NPT ,_, generously_RB presented_VBD H26 109 the_ATI portrait_NN of_IN himself_PPL in_IN his_PP$ presidential_JJ H26 109 robes_NNS painted_VBN by_IN Sir_NPT H26 110 William_NP Hutchison_NP ,_, \0P.R.S.A_NPT ;_; \0Mr_NPT James_NP Gunn_NP H26 110 ,_, \0R.A_NPT ,_, H26 111 presented_VBD his_PP$ sketch_NN for_IN the_ATI portrait_NN of_IN H26 111 the_ATI late_JJ Sir_NPT Gordon_NP H26 112 Gordon-Taylor_NP ,_, painted_VBN a_AP few_AP" months_NNS before_IN H26 112 Sir_NPT Gordon's_NP$ death_NN ;_; Miss_NPT H26 113 \0E_NP \0M_NP Berkeley_NP has_HVZ given_VBN a_AT portrait_NN of_IN H26 113 Thomas_NP Copeland_NP ,_, H26 114 \0F.R.S_NPT ,_, \0F.R.C.S_NPT ,_, member_NN of_IN council_NN H26 114 1827-1854_CD-CD ,_, painted_VBN by_IN H26 115 Thomas_NP Stewardson_NP ,_, a_AT pupil_NN of_IN Romney_NP and_CC H26 115 Opie_NP and_CC a_AT frequent_JJ academy_NN H26 116 exhibitor_NN ;_; Professor_NPT Charles_NP Wells_NP has_HVZ painted_VBN H26 116 and_CC generously_RB H26 117 presented_VBN a_AT portrait_NN of_IN the_ATI late_JJ Sir_NPT H26 117 Archibald_NP McIndoe_NP ._. ^ several_AP of_IN H26 118 the_ATI older_JJR portraits_NNS have_HV been_BEN restored_VBN or_CC H26 118 revarnished_VBN ._. H26 119 ^ Sir_NPT Cecil_NP Wakeley_NP ,_, \0Bt_NPT ,_, has_HVZ presented_VBN H26 119 a_AT bronze_NN head_NN of_IN himself_PPL H26 120 by_IN \0E_NP Pentland_NP and_CC a_AT pencil-portrait_NN by_IN \0J_NP H26 120 \0H_NP Dowd_NP ;_; he_PP3A has_HVZ also_RB H26 121 generously_RB given_VBN his_PP$ collection_NN of_IN miniatures_NNS H26 121 of_IN famous_JJ medical_JJ men_NNS H26 122 from_IN Harvey_NP to_IN Lord_NPT Moynihan_NP ,_, which_WDTR he_PP3A H26 122 commissioned_VBD from_IN \0Mr_NPT \0P_NP H26 123 Buckman_NP ;_; two_CD drawings_NNS by_IN Henry_NP Tonks_NP ,_, H26 123 \0F.R.C.S_NPT ,_, Slade_NP Professor_NPT H26 124 of_IN fine_JJ art_NN ,_, of_IN the_ATI late_JJ Sir_NPT Harold_NP H26 124 Gillies_NP have_HV been_BEN presented_VBN by_IN H26 125 Lady_NPT Gillies_NP and_CC another_DT by_IN Sir_NPT William_NP H26 125 Kelsey_NP Fry_NP ._. H26 126 ^ a_AT coloured_JJ drawing_NN by_IN Thomas_NP Rowlandson_NP ,_, a_AT H26 126 caricature_NN of_IN *'_*' the_ATI H26 127 persevering_JJ surgeon_NN **'_**' ,_, has_HVZ been_BEN bought_VBN ._. H26 128 ^ gifts_NNS of_IN medals_NNS ,_, engravings_NNS ,_, bookplates_NNS H26 128 and_CC other_AP illustrations_NNS H26 129 are_BER gratefully_RB acknowledged_VBN from_IN Miss_NPT Mary_NP H26 129 Calvert_NP ,_, Surgeon-Captain_NPT H26 130 \0J_NP \0L_NP \0S_NP Coulter_NP ,_, \0R.N_NPT ,_, Sir_NPT Zachary_NP H26 130 Cope_NP ,_, \0Mr_NPT \0A_NP Dickson_NP H26 131 Wright_NP ,_, \0Mr_NPT Alexander_NP Innes_NP ,_, Sir_NPT Geoffrey_NP H26 131 Keynes_NP ,_, Sir_NPT Victor_NP Negus_NP ,_, H26 132 \0Prof_NPT \0K_NP \0F_NP Russell_NP ,_, \0Mr_NPT \0P_NP \0K_NP H26 132 Sartory_NP ,_, and_CC the_ATI H26 133 executors_NNS of_IN the_ATI late_JJ Sir_NPT Gordon_NP Gordon-Taylor_NP H26 133 ._. H26 134 ^ the_ATI restoration_NN of_IN a_AT further_JJB volume_NN of_IN H26 134 the_ATI collection_NN of_IN H26 135 Hunterian_JNP drawings_NNS has_HVZ been_BEN completed_VBN at_IN the_ATI H26 135 British_JNP museum_NN ._. ^ a_AT H26 136 selection_NN from_IN the_ATI collection_NN of_IN pharmacy_NN jars_NNS H26 136 was_BEDZ lent_VBN to_IN the_ATI Times_NP H26 137 book_NN shop_NN in_IN connexion_NN with_IN their_PP$ royal_JJ H26 137 society_NN tercentenary_NN H26 138 exhibition_NN ._. ^ two_CD coloured_JJ engravings_NNS of_IN the_ATI H26 138 College_NPL in_IN the_ATI early_JJ H26 139 nineteenth_OD century_NN were_BED presented_VBN to_IN the_ATI royal_JJ H26 139 Australasian_JNP College_NPL of_IN H26 140 surgeons_NNS by_IN the_ATI President_NPT when_WRB he_PP3A visited_VBD H26 140 Melbourne_NP ._. H26 141 ^ faculty_NN of_IN dental_JJ surgery_NN ._. H26 142 ^ members_NNS of_IN the_ATI board_NN 1960-1961_CD-CD ._. H26 143 **[list**]_&FO H26 144 ._. ^ report_NN ._. H26 145 ^ during_IN the_ATI year_NN 1960-1961_CD-CD the_ATI work_NN of_IN H26 145 the_ATI board_NN and_CC its_PP$ H26 146 committees_NNS has_HVZ continued_VBN to_TO grow_VB ,_, while_CS the_ATI H26 146 department_NN of_IN dental_JJ H26 147 science_NN has_HVZ pursued_VBN its_PP$ researches_NNS with_IN vigour_NN H26 147 and_CC enthusiasm_NN ._. H26 148 ^ at_IN a_AT meeting_NN of_IN the_ATI board_NN on_IN 18th_OD H26 148 November_NR ,_, 1960_CD ,_, the_ATI following_JJ H26 149 resolution_NN of_IN appreciation_NN was_BEDZ passed_VBN for_IN the_ATI H26 149 services_NNS rendered_VBN to_IN the_ATI H26 150 department_NN since_IN its_PP$ inception_NN by_IN Sir_NPT Wilfred_NP H26 150 Fish_NP :_: *-_*- H26 152 ^ *'_*' that_CS the_ATI faculty_NN of_IN dental_JJ surgery_NN H26 152 desires_VBZ to_TO record_VB its_PP$ deep_JJ H26 153 sense_NN of_IN gratitude_NN to_IN Sir_NPT Wilfred_NP Fish_NP ,_, H26 153 lately_RB honorary_JJ Director_NPT of_IN H26 154 the_ATI department_NN of_IN dental_JJ science_NN ,_, for_IN the_ATI H26 154 outstanding_JJ services_NNS he_PP3A has_HVZ H26 155 rendered_VBN to_IN dental_JJ science_NN in_IN establishing_VBG the_ATI H26 155 department_NN and_CC guiding_VBG H26 156 it_PP3 over_IN the_ATI past_JJB five_CD years_NNS ._. ^ Sir_NPT H26 156 Wilfred_NP Fish's_NP$ inspiring_JJ leadership_NN H26 157 and_CC wise_JJ administration_NN have_HV established_VBN the_ATI H26 157 department_NN on_IN so_QL sure_JJ a_AT H26 158 basis_NN that_CS it_PP3 is_BEZ in_IN every_AT respect_NN well_RB H26 158 equipped_VBN to_TO advance_VB its_PP$ work_NN H26 159 with_IN energy_NN and_CC confidence_NN ._. **'_**' H26 161 ^ the_ATI board_NN was_BEDZ very_QL pleased_JJ to_TO receive_VB H26 161 from_IN the_ATI President_NPT on_IN his_PP$ H26 162 return_NN from_IN an_AT extensive_JJ tour_NN overseas_RB a_AT H26 162 message_NN of_IN goodwill_NN to_IN the_ATI H26 163 faculty_NN from_IN Sir_NPT John_NP Walsh_NP ,_, Dean_NPT of_IN the_ATI H26 163 Otago_NP dental_JJ school_NN ,_, New_NP H26 164 Zealand_NP ._. H26 165 ^ in_IN the_ATI field_NN of_IN postgraduate_JJB education_NN the_ATI H26 165 board_NN has_HVZ been_BEN greatly_RB H26 166 encouraged_VBN by_IN the_ATI enthusiastic_JJ response_NN to_IN the_ATI H26 166 courses_NNS of_IN lectures_NNS and_CC H26 167 scientific_JJ meetings_NNS arranged_VBN by_IN the_ATI faculty_NN ._. ^ H26 167 it_PP3 was_BEDZ particularly_RB H26 168 pleasing_JJ to_TO find_VB that_CS over_RB three_CD hundred_CD and_CC H26 168 fifty_CD dentists_NNS attended_VBD H26 169 the_ATI scientific_JJ meeting_NN in_IN June_NR and_CC the_ATI board_NN H26 169 feels_VBZ sure_JJ that_CS this_DT H26 170 scientific_JJ meeting_NN has_HVZ now_RN become_VBN an_AT established_JJ H26 170 annual_JJ event_NN which_WDTR H26 171 the_ATI profession_NN has_HVZ welcomed_VBN eagerly_RB ._. H26 172 ^ 1_CD1 ._. ^ elections_NNS to_IN the_ATI board_NN ._. H26 173 ^ as_IN a_AT result_NN of_IN a_AT postal_JJ ballot_NN on_IN 16th_OD H26 173 June_NR 1961_CD ,_, to_TO fill_VB five_CD H26 174 vacancies_NNS on_IN the_ATI board_NN following_IN the_ATI retirement_NN H26 174 in_IN rotation_NN of_IN four_CD H26 175 fellows_NNS and_CC the_ATI resignation_NN of_IN one_CD1 fellow_NN ,_, H26 175 the_ATI following_NN were_BED H26 176 re-elected_VBN or_CC elected_VBN to_IN the_ATI board_NN :_: *-_*- H26 177 **[list**]_&FO H26 178 ._. ^ at_IN the_ATI election_NN of_IN one_CD1 licentiate_NN in_IN H26 178 dental_JJ surgery_NN to_IN the_ATI board_NN H26 179 on_IN 15th_OD July_NR 1960_CD ,_, \0Mr_NPT \0W_NP Beric_NP Southwell_NP H26 179 ,_, \0T.D_NPT ,_, was_BEDZ elected_VBN ._. H26 180 ^ 2_CD ._. ^ thirteenth_OD annual_JJ meeting_NN ._. H26 181 ^ the_ATI thirteenth_OD annual_JJ meeting_NN was_BEDZ held_VBN on_IN H26 181 Friday_NR ,_, 15th_OD July_NR H26 182 1960_CD ,_, and_CC was_BEDZ attended_VBN by_IN forty-eight_CD H26 182 fellows_NNS and_CC licentiates_NNS in_IN H26 183 dental_JJ surgery_NN ._. ^ the_ATI Charles_NP Tomes_NP lecture_NN H26 183 was_BEDZ delivered_VBN on_IN the_ATI same_AP H26 184 day_NN by_IN \0Mr_NPT Terence_NP Ward_NP on_IN *'_*' surgery_NN of_IN H26 184 the_ATI mandibular_JJ joint_NN **'_**' ,_, and_CC H26 185 was_BEDZ followed_VBN by_IN the_ATI anniversary_NN dinner_NN ._. H26 186 ^ 3_CD ._. ^ election_NN of_IN Dean_NPT and_CC Vice-Dean_NPT ._. H26 187 ^ the_ATI board_NN of_IN faculty_NN re-elected_VBD Professor_NPT H26 187 Martin_NP \0A_NP Rushton_NP ,_, H26 188 \0C.B.E_NPT ,_, to_IN the_ATI office_NN of_IN Dean_NPT and_CC H26 188 elected_VBD \0Mr_NPT \0G_NP \0H_NP H26 189 Leatherman_NP to_IN the_ATI office_NN of_IN Vice-Dean_NPT for_IN H26 189 the_ATI year_NN ._. H26 190 ^ 4_CD ._. ^ fellowship_NN in_IN dental_JJ surgery_NN by_IN H26 190 examination_NN ._. H26 191 ^ during_IN the_ATI past_JJB year_NN 151_CD candidates_NNS H26 191 presented_VBD themselves_PPLS for_IN H26 192 the_ATI primary_JJ examination_NN for_IN the_ATI fellowship_NN in_IN H26 192 dental_JJ surgery_NN and_CC 52_CD H26 193 were_BED successful_JJ ._. H26 194 ^ 70_CD candidates_NNS presented_VBD themselves_PPLS for_IN the_ATI H26 194 final_JJ examination_NN for_IN H26 195 the_ATI fellowship_NN in_IN dental_JJ surgery_NN ,_, of_IN whom_WPOR H26 195 the_ATI following_JJ 26_CD were_BED H26 196 successful_JJ :_: *-_*- H26 197 **[list**]_&FO H26 198 ._. ^ 5_CD ._. ^ licence_NN in_IN dental_JJ surgery_NN ._. H26 199 ^ during_IN the_ATI past_JJB year_NN 347_CD candidates_NNS were_BED H26 199 examined_VBN by_IN the_ATI H26 200 surgical_JJ section_NN ,_, 321_CD of_IN whom_WPOR were_BED approved_VBN H26 200 ,_, and_CC 352_CD were_BED examined_VBN by_IN H26 201 the_ATI dental_JJ section_NN ,_, 230_CD of_IN whom_WPOR were_BED H26 201 approved_VBN ,_, making_VBG a_AT total_NN of_IN 230_CD H26 202 candidates_NNS who_WPR were_BED awarded_VBN the_ATI licence_NN in_IN H26 202 dental_JJ surgery_NN ._. H26 203 ^ 6_CD ._. ^ diploma_NN in_IN orthodontics_NN ._. H26 204 ^ during_IN the_ATI past_JJB year_NN 33_CD candidates_NNS H26 204 entered_VBD for_IN the_ATI examination_NN H26 205 for_IN the_ATI diploma_NN in_IN orthodontics_NN ,_, of_IN whom_WPOR H26 205 21_CD were_BED successful_JJ ._. H26 206 ^ 7_CD ._. ^ examinerships_NNS ._. H26 207 ^ the_ATI council_NN ,_, acting_VBG on_IN the_ATI recommendation_NN H26 207 of_IN the_ATI board_NN of_IN H26 208 faculty_NN ,_, has_HVZ re-elected_VBN for_IN the_ATI year_NN August_NR H26 208 1961-July_CD-CD 1962_CD those_DTS H26 209 examiners_NNS who_WPR were_BED eligible_JJ and_CC sought_VBD H26 209 re-election_NN ._. ^ in_IN addition_NN ,_, the_ATI H26 210 following_JJ new_JJ examiners_NNS have_HV been_BEN elected_VBN by_IN H26 210 council_NN :_: *-_*- H26 211 **[list**]_&FO H26 212 ._. ^ 8_CD ._. ^ primary_JJ \0F.D.S_NPT examination_NN ._. H26 213 ^ the_ATI board_NN has_HVZ drawn_VBN up_RP a_AT guide_NN to_IN H26 213 the_ATI primary_JJ \0F.D.S_NPT H26 214 examination_NN on_IN the_ATI lines_NNS of_IN that_DT now_RN printed_VBN H26 214 in_IN the_ATI \0F.R.C.S_NPT H26 215 regulations_NNS ._. ^ this_DT guide_NN makes_VBZ clear_JJ the_ATI H26 215 general_JJ scope_NN of_IN the_ATI H26 216 examinations_NNS in_IN anatomy_NN ,_, physiology_NN ,_, and_CC H26 216 pathology_NN and_CC bacteriology_NN ._. H26 217 ^ it_PP3 has_HVZ been_BEN agreed_VBN to_TO exchange_VB visitors_NNS H26 217 with_IN the_ATI royal_JJ College_NPL of_IN H26 218 surgeons_NNS of_IN Edinburgh_NP ,_, with_IN a_AT view_NN to_IN H26 218 considering_VBG the_ATI desirability_NN of_IN H26 219 introducing_VBG reciprocity_NN as_IN between_IN" the_ATI primary_JJ H26 219 \0F.D.S_NPT H26 220 examinations_NNS of_IN the_ATI two_CD Colleges_NPLS ._. H26 221 ^ 9_CD ._. ^ postgraduate_JJB education_NN ._. H26 222 ^ the_ATI third_OD scientific_JJ meeting_NN organised_VBN by_IN H26 222 the_ATI faculty_NN was_BEDZ held_VBN H26 223 at_IN the_ATI College_NPL on_IN Saturday_NR ,_, 3rd_OD June_NR 1961_CD H26 223 ,_, when_WRB the_ATI subject_NN was_BEDZ H26 224 *'_*' temporo-mandibular_JJ joint_NN problems_NNS and_CC their_PP$ H26 224 treatment_NN **'_**' ._. H27 2 in_IN any_DTI expansion_NN of_IN industry_NN or_CC national_JJ H27 2 prosperity_NN ..._... ._. H27 3 ^ the_ATI electrical_JJ industry_NN must_MD be_BE in_IN the_ATI H27 3 forefront_NN ._. H27 4 ^ Lord_NPT Chandos_NP Chairman_NPT of_IN associated_JJ electrical_JJ H27 4 industries_NNS ._. H27 5 ^ the_ATI sixty-first_OD annual_JJ general_JJ meeting_NN of_IN H27 5 associated_JJ electrical_JJ H27 6 industries_NNS limited_JJ was_BEDZ held_VBN on_IN April_NR 20_CD at_IN H27 6 Grosvenor_NP House_NPL ,_, Park_NPL H27 7 Lane_NPL ,_, London_NP ,_, \0W.1_NP ._. ^ the_ATI \0Rt_NPT \0Hon_NPT H27 7 Viscount_NPT Chandos_NP (_( the_ATI H27 8 Chairman_NPT )_) presided_VBD and_CC said_VBD :_: H27 9 ^ I_PP1A have_HV ,_, first_RB a_AT sad_JJ and_CC heavy_JJ task_NN H27 9 to_TO perform_VB ._. ^ two_CD of_IN our_PP$ H27 10 Directors_NPTS ,_, Lord_NPT Weeks_NP and_CC \0Mr_NPT Comar_NP Wilson_NP H27 10 ,_, have_HV died_VBN since_IN the_ATI date_NN H27 11 of_IN the_ATI last_AP annual_JJ general_JJ meeting_NN ._. ^ their_PP$ H27 11 colleagues_NNS on_IN the_ATI board_NN H27 12 have_HV suffered_VBN the_ATI loss_NN of_IN two_CD friends_NNS ._. ^ H27 12 their_PP$ experience_NN and_CC knowledge_NN H27 13 in_IN the_ATI wide_JJ field_NN of_IN business_NN will_MD be_BE H27 13 greatly_RB missed_VBN ,_, and_CC we_PP1AS record_VB H27 14 our_PP$ deep_JJ gratitude_NN for_IN their_PP$ services_NNS to_IN H27 14 the_ATI board_NN over_IN a_AT long_JJ period_NN ._. H27 15 ^ Lord_NPT Head_NP resigned_VBD from_IN the_ATI board_NN on_IN H27 15 his_PP$ appointment_NN as_IN High_NPT H27 16 Commissioner_NPT in_IN Nigeria_NP ._. ^ our_PP$ regrets_NNS at_IN H27 16 losing_VBG his_PP$ services_NNS are_BER ,_, in_IN a_AT H27 17 measure_NN ,_, offset_VBN by_IN the_ATI knowledge_NN that_CS the_ATI H27 17 post_NN which_WDTR he_PP3A now_RN fills_VBZ is_BEZ H27 18 one_CD1 of_IN the_ATI most_QL important_JJ in_IN the_ATI H27 18 commonwealth_NN ._. H27 19 ^ top_JJB management_NN strengthened_VBN ._. H27 20 ^ I_PP1A want_VB next_RB to_TO tell_VB you_PP2 of_IN certain_JJ H27 20 appointments_NNS consequent_JJ upon_IN H27 21 the_ATI reorganisation_NN of_IN the_ATI company_NN into_IN a_AT H27 21 single_JJ trading_JJ entity_NN ._. ^ we_PP1AS H27 22 have_HV strengthened_VBN the_ATI top_JJB management_NN at_IN head_JJB H27 22 office_NN ._. ^ Sir_NPT Cecil_NP H27 23 Dannatt_NP was_BEDZ appointed_VBN Vice-Chairman_NPT in_IN April_NR H27 23 last_AP year_NN ,_, and_CC I_PP1A take_VB H27 24 this_DT opportunity_NN on_IN your_PP$ behalf_NN of_IN H27 24 congratulating_VBG him_PP3O upon_IN the_ATI H27 25 knighthood_NN which_WDTR her_PP$ majesty_NN has_HVZ conferred_VBN H27 25 upon_IN him_PP3O ._. ^ he_PP3A took_VBD up_RP his_PP$ H27 26 duties_NNS last_AP May_NR and_CC his_PP$ support_NN and_CC knowledge_NN H27 26 have_HV already_RB proved_VBN of_IN H27 27 the_ATI highest_JJT value_NN ._. H27 28 ^ later_RBR in_IN the_ATI year_NN ,_, \0Mr_NPT \0C_NP \0R_NP H27 28 Wheeler_NP was_BEDZ also_RB appointed_VBN a_AT H27 29 Vice-Chairman_NPT ._. ^ we_PP1AS would_MD like_VB publicly_RB to_TO H27 29 thank_VB Guest_NP ,_, Keen_NP and_CC H27 30 Nettlefolds_NPS \0Ltd_JNP for_IN having_HVG agreed_VBN to_IN his_PP$ H27 30 release_NN ._. ^ \0Mr_NPT Wheeler_NP H27 31 will_MD take_VB up_RP some_DTI executive_JJ duties_NNS next_AP year_NN H27 31 ._. ^ we_PP1AS have_HV gained_VBN a_AT H27 32 notable_JJ accession_NN of_IN strength_NN by_IN his_PP$ appointment_NN H27 32 ._. H27 33 ^ Sir_NPT Joseph_NP Latham_NP joined_VBD the_ATI board_NN in_IN H27 33 August_NR ,_, and_CC since_IN that_DT date_NN H27 34 he_PP3A has_HVZ become_VBN Director_NPT of_IN finance_NN ._. ^ his_PP$ H27 34 wide_JJ experience_NN of_IN both_ABX H27 35 finance_NN and_CC accountancy_NN is_BEZ proving_VBG of_IN H27 35 outstanding_JJ benefit_NN to_IN the_ATI H27 36 company_NN ._. H27 37 ^ \0Mr_NPT \0H_NP West_NP ,_, who_WPR has_HVZ served_VBN the_ATI H27 37 company_NN with_IN distinction_NN for_IN H27 38 42_CD years_NNS ,_, succeeded_VBD \0Dr_NPT Dannatt_NP as_IN group_NN H27 38 managing_JJ Director_NPT at_IN H27 39 Manchester_NP in_IN April_NR last_AP ,_, and_CC was_BEDZ elected_VBN H27 39 to_IN the_ATI board_NN at_IN the_ATI end_NN of_IN H27 40 the_ATI year_NN ._. H27 41 ^ \0Mr_NPT \0R_NP \0I_NP Basset_NP ,_, who_WPR for_IN many_AP H27 41 years_NNS has_HVZ been_BEN a_AT Director_NPT H27 42 of_IN \0AEI_NP Woolwich_NP ,_, also_RB joined_VBD the_ATI board_NN ._. H27 43 ^ you_PP2 will_MD be_BE asked_VBN to_TO confirm_VB these_DTS H27 43 appointments_NNS later_RBR ._. H27 44 ^ \0Mr_NPT \0E_NP \0R_NP Mason_NP has_HVZ been_BEN appointed_VBN H27 44 the_ATI sole_JJB managing_JJ H27 45 Director_NPT of_IN \0AEI_NP Export_NP ,_, and_CC \0Mr_NPT \0W_NP \0A_NP H27 45 Ankerson_NP assistant_NN H27 46 managing_JJ Director_NPT of_IN the_ATI Woolwich_NP group_NN ._. ^ H27 46 \0Mr_NPT \0D_NP \0T_NP \0L_NP Rettie_NP H27 47 has_HVZ been_BEN appointed_VBN the_ATI managing_JJ Director_NPT of_IN H27 47 our_PP$ subsidiary_NN dealing_VBG H27 48 with_IN domestic_JJ appliances_NNS overseas_RB *-_*- \0A.E.I_NP Gala_NP H27 48 ._. H27 49 ^ retirements_NNS ._. H27 50 ^ I_PP1A can_MD not_XNOT refer_VB to_IN all_ABN those_DTS who_WPR H27 50 retired_VBD last_AP year_NN ,_, although_CS H27 51 they_PP3AS are_BER much_RB in_IN our_PP$ minds_NNS ,_, but_CC I_PP1A H27 51 would_MD like_VB to_TO mention_VB two_CD by_IN name_NN ._. H27 52 ^ first_RB ,_, \0Mr_NPT \0E_NP \0V_NP Small_NP ,_, who_WPR for_IN a_AP H27 52 great_AP" many_AP" years_NNS has_HVZ been_BEN H27 53 concerned_VBN with_IN our_PP$ export_NN business_NN ,_, and_CC who_WPR H27 53 has_HVZ been_BEN notably_RB ingenious_JJ H27 54 and_CC successful_JJ ._. ^ there_EX are_BER a_AT number_NN of_IN H27 54 contracts_NNS still_RB current_JJ which_WDTR H27 55 he_PP3A negotiated_VBD ,_, and_CC we_PP1AS have_HV retained_VBN H27 55 him_PP3O as_IN a_AT consultant_NN upon_IN these_DTS and_CC H27 56 more_QL general_JJ matters_NNS ._. ^ secondly_RB ,_, \0Mr_NPT \0F_NP H27 56 Tankard_NP ,_, the_ATI Comptroller_NPT H27 57 at_IN Manchester_NP ,_, who_WPR has_HVZ left_VBN us_PP1OS on_IN H27 57 reaching_VBG retiring_NN age_NN ._. ^ we_PP1AS thank_VB him_PP3O H27 58 for_IN his_PP$ past_JJB services_NNS ,_, and_CC wish_VB him_PP3O H27 58 well_RB for_IN the_ATI future_NN ._. ^ to_IN all_ABN who_WPR H27 59 have_HV retired_VBN ,_, we_PP1AS wish_VB happiness_NN and_CC long_JJ H27 59 life_NN ._. H27 60 ^ research_NN leaders_NNS honoured_VBN ._. H27 61 ^ finally_RB ,_, we_PP1AS congratulate_VB all_ABN those_DTS who_WPR H27 61 have_HV featured_VBN in_IN the_ATI H27 62 year's_NN$ honours_NNS lists_NNS ,_, and_CC particularly_RB \0Dr_NPT H27 62 \0T_NP \0E_NP Allibone_NP and_CC H27 63 \0Mr_NPT \0L_NP \0J_NP Davies_NP ._. ^ the_ATI former_AP is_BEZ the_ATI H27 63 head_NN of_IN our_PP$ fundamental_JJ H27 64 research_NN laboratory_NN at_IN Aldermaston_NP ,_, and_CC the_ATI H27 64 latter_AP the_ATI head_NN of_IN H27 65 research_NN at_IN Rugby_NP ._. H27 66 ^ 1960_CD trading_NN profit_NN after_IN tax_NN virtually_RB H27 66 unchanged_JJ ._. H27 67 ^ I_PP1A will_MD deal_VB with_IN the_ATI figures_NNS very_QL H27 67 briefly_RB ._. ^ the_ATI trading_NN profit_NN ,_, H27 68 after_IN tax_NN ,_, was_BEDZ virtually_RB unchanged_JJ at_IN H27 68 *+4,722,000_NNU compared_VBN with_IN H27 69 *+4,747,000_NNU last_AP year_NN ._. ^ although_CS the_ATI H27 69 depreciation_NN charged_VBN has_HVZ risen_VBN by_IN H27 70 *+378,000_NNU ,_, this_DT was_BEDZ more_RB than_RB" offset_VBN by_IN H27 70 a_AT reduction_NN in_IN our_PP$ tax_NN H27 71 liabilities_NNS ._. ^ the_ATI adventitious_JJ profits_NNS ,_, which_WDTR H27 71 will_MD form_VB part_NN of_IN our_PP$ H27 72 revenue_NN as_CS we_PP1AS change_VB our_PP$ investment_NN ,_, are_BER H27 72 considerably_RB lower_JJR than_IN last_AP H27 73 year_NN ._. ^ together_RB with_IN amounts_NNS set_VBN aside_RP for_IN H27 73 taxation_NN now_RN no_RB longer_RBR H27 74 required_VBN these_DTS profits_NNS are_BER at_IN just_RB above_IN H27 74 *+1_NNU \0m_CD compared_VBN with_IN just_RB H27 75 under_RB *+2_NNU 1/2_CD \0m_CD ._. ^ the_ATI total_JJ retention_NN H27 75 in_IN the_ATI business_NN ,_, or_CC ,_, to_TO use_VB the_ATI H27 76 American_JNP term_NN ,_, the_ATI cash_NN flow_NN ,_, is_BEZ for_IN H27 76 this_DT reason_NN slightly_RB less_AP than_IN H27 77 last_AP year_NN ,_, at_IN *+7,843,000_NNU compared_VBN with_IN H27 77 *+8,127,000_NNU ._. H27 78 ^ the_ATI increase_NN of_IN *+10_NNU \0m_CD in_IN working_NN H27 78 capital_NN consisted_VBD partly_RB of_IN H27 79 bigger_JJR stocks_NNS of_IN finished_JJ goods_NNS but_CC mainly_RB H27 79 of_IN work_NN in_IN progress_NN on_IN H27 80 large_JJ contracts_NNS ._. ^ the_ATI financing_NN of_IN exports_NNS H27 80 is_BEZ a_AT heavy_JJ burden_NN and_CC we_PP1AS H27 81 welcome_VB any_DTI help_NN that_WPR \0H.M_NP government_NN can_MD H27 81 give_VB us_PP1OS ._. ^ at_IN the_ATI end_NN of_IN H27 82 the_ATI year_NN the_ATI group's_NN$ bank_NN overdrafts_NNS totalled_VBD H27 82 over_RB *+9_NNU \0m_CD :_: however_RB ,_, H27 83 *+5_NNU 1/2_CD \0m_CD related_VBD to_IN the_ATI financing_NN of_IN H27 83 the_ATI Berkeley_NP contract_NN and_CC is_BEZ H27 84 largely_RB self-liquidating_JJ ._. ^ the_ATI board_NN have_HV no_ATI H27 84 proposals_NNS for_IN the_ATI issue_NN H27 85 of_IN additional_JJ capital_NN ._. H27 86 ^ the_ATI payment_NN of_IN total_JJ ordinary_JJ dividends_NNS of_IN H27 86 3_CD /-_NNU per_IN share_NN ,_, will_MD H27 87 require_VB about_RB *+140,000_NNU more_AP than_IN last_AP year_NN H27 87 because_IN of_IN" the_ATI issue_NN of_IN H27 88 additional_JJ ordinary_JJ shares_NNS to_IN \0A_NP Reyrolle_NP and_CC H27 88 \0Co_NNP \0Ltd_JNP in_IN H27 89 exchange_NN for_IN our_PP$ participation_NN in_IN \0C_NP \0A_NP H27 89 Parsons_NP and_CC \0Co_NNP \0Ltd_JNP H27 90 ._. ^ there_EX was_BEDZ some_DTI loss_NN of_IN revenue_NN involved_VBN H27 90 in_IN the_ATI exchange_NN of_IN these_DTS H27 91 shares_NNS for_IN shares_NNS in_IN \0C_NP \0A_NP Parsons_NP and_CC H27 91 \0Co_NNP \0Ltd_JNP in_IN 1960_CD ,_, H27 92 which_WDTR of_RB course_RB" will_MD be_BE largely_RB recouped_VBN in_IN H27 92 1961_CD ._. H27 93 ^ the_ATI total_JJ stockholders'_NNS$ capital_NN employed_VBN in_IN H27 93 the_ATI business_NN is_BEZ H27 94 *+138,906,000_NNU ,_, the_ATI equity_NN capital_NN is_BEZ H27 94 *+133,120,000_NNU ,_, against_IN the_ATI H27 95 nominal_JJ figure_NN of_IN *+42,828,000_NNU ._. ^ the_ATI 3_CD /-_NNU H27 95 ordinary_JJ dividend_NN represents_VBZ H27 96 a_AT return_NN on_IN the_ATI equity_NN capital_NN of_IN slightly_RB H27 96 under_RB 5_CD %_NNU ._. H27 97 ^ turnover_NN up_RP *-_*- record_NN order_NN book_NN ._. H27 98 ^ the_ATI order_NN book_NN is_BEZ a_AT record_NN ._. ^ compared_VBN H27 98 with_IN last_AP year_NN the_ATI orders_NNS H27 99 received_VBN increased_VBD from_IN *+182_NNU \0m_CD to_IN *+233_CD H27 99 \0m_CD ._. ^ our_PP$ turnover_NN increased_VBD H27 100 from_IN *+208_NNU \0m_CD to_IN *+215_NNU \0m_CD ,_, and_CC orders_NNS H27 100 in_IN hand_NN have_HV increased_VBN from_IN H27 101 *+173_NNU \0m_CD to_IN *+181_NNU \0m_CD H27 102 ._. ^ sometimes_RB an_AT increase_NN in_IN the_ATI orders_NNS in_IN H27 102 hand_NN is_BEZ regarded_VBN as_IN a_AT H27 103 wholly_RB favourable_JJ feature_NN ,_, but_CC this_DT is_BEZ only_RB H27 103 true_JJ to_IN a_AT limited_JJ extent_NN ._. H27 104 ^ if_CS the_ATI growth_NN in_IN the_ATI order_NN book_NN is_BEZ H27 104 not_XNOT matched_VBN by_IN parallel_JJ growth_NN in_IN H27 105 engineering_NN and_CC manufacturing_NN capacity_NN it_PP3 would_MD H27 105 adversely_RB affect_VB our_PP$ H27 106 delivery_NN dates_NNS ._. ^ at_IN the_ATI figure_NN of_IN *+181_NNU H27 106 \0m_CD orders_NNS would_MD appear_VB H27 107 appropriate_JJ and_CC satisfactory_JJ in_IN relation_NN to_IN your_PP$ H27 107 business_NN and_CC its_PP$ H27 108 annual_JJ turnover_NN ._. H27 109 ^ I_PP1A would_MD also_RB remind_VB you_PP2 that_CS the_ATI order_NN H27 109 book_NN in_IN lamps_NNS and_CC H27 110 lighting_NN ,_, domestic_JJ appliances_NNS and_CC television_NN and_CC H27 110 radio_NN is_BEZ ,_, from_IN the_ATI H27 111 nature_NN of_IN the_ATI business_NN ,_, only_RB an_AT insignificant_JJ H27 111 percentage_NN of_IN the_ATI H27 112 turnover_NN ._. H27 113 ^ new_JJ telephone_NN cable_NN subsidiary_NN ._. H27 114 ^ although_CS the_ATI deal_NN was_BEDZ not_XNOT completed_VBN H27 114 until_IN January_NR 1st_OD ,_, as_IN part_NN H27 115 of_IN the_ATI rationalisation_NN in_IN the_ATI cable_NN industry_NN ,_, H27 115 we_PP1AS increased_VBD our_PP$ H27 116 shareholding_NN in_IN southern_JJ united_JJ telephone_NN cable_NN H27 116 \0Co_NNP \0Ltd_JNP by_IN H27 117 purchasing_VBG from_IN British_JNP insulated_JJ Callender's_NP$ H27 117 cables_NNS \0Ltd_JNP the_ATI major_JJ H27 118 proportion_NN of_IN their_PP$ holding_NN ._. ^ we_PP1AS now_RN own_VB H27 118 74_CD 1/2_CD %_NNU of_IN the_ATI company_NN ._. ^ its_PP$ H27 119 name_NN has_HVZ been_BEN changed_VBN to_IN telephone_NN cables_NNS H27 119 \0Ltd_JNP and_CC it_PP3 is_BEZ now_RN a_AT H27 120 subsidiary_NN ._. ^ the_ATI balance_NN of_IN the_ATI shares_NNS are_BER H27 120 held_VBN by_IN our_PP$ old_JJ associates_NNS H27 121 in_IN this_DT venture_NN ,_, Enfield_NP cables_NNS \0Ltd_JNP ,_, and_CC H27 121 it_PP3 is_BEZ a_AT matter_NN of_IN H27 122 satisfaction_NN to_IN all_ABN of_IN us_PP1OS to_TO have_HV them_PP3OS H27 122 as_IN partners_NNS ._. H27 123 ^ the_ATI general_JJ condition_NN of_IN the_ATI electrical_JJ H27 123 industry_NN has_HVZ made_VBN it_PP3 H27 124 desirable_JJ ,_, and_CC will_MD continue_VB to_TO make_VB it_PP3 H27 124 desirable_JJ in_IN certain_JJ fields_NNS ,_, H27 125 particularly_RB that_DT of_IN research_NN ,_, to_TO engage_VB in_IN H27 125 co-operative_JJ enterprises_NNS H27 126 in_TO order_TO" to_TO" conserve_VB technical_JJ man_NN power_NN and_CC H27 126 reduce_VB the_ATI heavy_JJ expense_NN H27 127 entailed_VBN ._. H27 128 ^ 1960_CD is_BEZ regarded_VBN by_IN your_PP$ Directors_NPTS as_IN H27 128 a_AT disappointing_JJ year_NN H27 129 because_CS the_ATI increased_JJ profits_NNS for_IN which_WDTR we_PP1AS H27 129 had_HVD budgeted_VBN were_BED not_XNOT H27 130 realised_VBN ._. H27 131 ^ cables_NNS ,_, telephones_NNS ,_, lamps_NNS and_CC nuclear_JJ H27 131 power_NN ._. H27 132 ^ I_PP1A told_VBD you_PP2 last_AP year_NN that_CS during_IN 1959_CD H27 132 we_PP1AS had_HVD four_CD parts_NNS of_IN our_PP$ H27 133 business_NN which_WDTR were_BED causing_VBG us_PP1OS anxiety_NN ._. ^ H27 133 I_PP1A recapitulate_VB them_PP3OS :_: they_PP3AS H27 134 were_BED cables_NNS ,_, telephones_NNS ,_, lamps_NNS and_CC lighting_NN H27 134 and_CC nuclear_JJ power_NN H27 135 stations_NNS ._. ^ you_PP2 would_MD wish_VB me_PP1O to_TO report_VB H27 135 on_IN them_PP3OS ._. H27 136 ^ first_RB ,_, we_PP1AS were_BED engaged_VBN in_IN rationalising_VBG H27 136 the_ATI cable_NN part_NN of_IN our_PP$ H27 137 business_NN at_IN a_AT time_NN when_WRB demand_NN for_IN cables_NNS H27 137 was_BEDZ particularly_RB buoyant_JJ ,_, H27 138 and_CC when_WRB prices_NNS were_BED particularly_RB low_JJ ._. ^ H27 138 during_IN 1960_CD ,_, the_ATI average_JJ H27 139 prices_NNS of_IN cables_NNS in_IN the_ATI two_CD main_JJB H27 139 categories_NNS ,_, mains_JJB cables_NNS ,_, and_CC H27 140 thermo-plastic_JJ and_CC rubber-covered_JJ cables_NNS ,_, were_BED H27 140 still_RB about_RB 17_CD %_NNU below_IN H27 141 what_WDT they_PP3AS were_BED in_IN April_NR 1959_CD ,_, and_CC since_IN H27 141 1959_CD we_PP1AS have_HV had_HVN to_TO absorb_VB H27 142 both_ABX an_AT increase_NN in_IN wages_NNS ,_, and_CC the_ATI extra_JJ H27 142 cost_NN involved_VBN by_IN a_AT shorter_JJR H27 143 working_NN week_NN ._. ^ it_PP3 proved_VBD to_TO be_BE a_AT H27 143 difficult_JJ and_CC complicated_JJ task_NN to_TO H27 144 bring_VB about_RP this_DT rationalisation_NN and_CC the_ATI savings_NNS H27 144 consequent_JJ upon_IN it_PP3 ,_, H27 145 and_CC we_PP1AS were_BED unable_JJ to_TO do_DO so_PN quite_RB as_QL H27 145 quickly_RB as_CS we_PP1AS had_HVD expected_VBN ._. ^ it_PP3 H27 146 is_BEZ now_RN practically_RB complete_JJ and_CC profits_NNS should_MD H27 146 be_BE made_VBN in_IN 1961_CD ._. ^ these_DTS H27 147 facts_NNS should_MD make_VB a_AT considerable_JJ difference_NN to_IN H27 147 the_ATI revenue_NN of_IN the_ATI H27 148 company_NN in_IN the_ATI present_JJ year_NN ._. H27 149 ^ secondly_RB ,_, telecommunications_NNS ._. ^ although_CS H27 149 governments_NNS are_BER unused_JJ to_IN H27 150 thanks_NNS ,_, the_ATI reorganisation_NN of_IN the_ATI post_NN H27 150 office_NN as_IN a_AT trading_JJ department_NN ,_, H27 151 which_WDTR now_RN does_DOZ not_XNOT have_HV to_TO return_VB its_PP$ H27 151 surplus_NN at_IN the_ATI end_NN of_IN each_DT year_NN H27 152 to_IN the_ATI Treasury_NP ,_, will_MD be_BE widely_RB applauded_VBN ._. H27 152 ^ its_PP$ new_JJ status_NN enables_VBZ the_ATI H27 153 post_NN office_NN to_TO plan_VB ahead_RB ,_, and_CC we_PP1AS in_IN H27 153 our_PP$ turn_NN ,_, as_IN manufacturers_NNS ,_, can_MD H27 154 similarly_RB plan_VB on_IN a_AT more_QL stable_JJ foundation_NN ,_, H27 154 and_CC so_RB bring_VB employment_NN H27 155 and_CC production_NN into_IN line_NN with_IN the_ATI needs_NNS of_IN H27 155 the_ATI post_NN office_NN ._. ^ the_ATI H27 156 telecommunications_NNS division_NN ,_, in_IN 1960_CD ,_, traded_VBD H27 156 at_IN a_AT marginal_JJ loss_NN ,_, but_CC H27 157 the_ATI outlook_NN for_IN 1961_CD is_BEZ more_QL favourable_JJ ,_, H27 157 and_CC although_CS the_ATI equipment_NN H27 158 which_WDTR we_PP1AS supply_VB is_BEZ rigorously_RB costed_VBN by_IN H27 158 the_ATI post_NN office_NN ,_, we_PP1AS expect_VB a_AT H27 159 moderate_JJ return_NN on_IN the_ATI capital_NN employed_VBN ._. H27 160 ^ thirdly_RB ,_, lamps_NNS and_CC lighting_NN ._. ^ for_IN three_CD H27 160 or_CC four_CD years_NNS ,_, and_CC in_IN H27 161 face_NN of_IN falling_JJ prices_NNS ,_, we_PP1AS have_HV made_VBN H27 161 strenuous_JJ efforts_NNS to_TO rationalise_VB H27 162 our_PP$ production_NN and_CC to_TO reduce_VB our_PP$ costs_NNS ._. ^ H27 162 I_PP1A am_BEM glad_JJ to_TO say_VB that_CS this_DT H27 163 long_JJ and_CC intricate_JJ task_NN is_BEZ now_RN practically_RB H27 163 completed_VBN ._. ^ in_IN 1960_CD we_PP1AS H27 164 increased_VBD our_PP$ share_NN of_IN the_ATI market_NN ,_, and_CC H27 164 traded_VBD at_IN a_AT better_JJR though_CS still_RB H27 165 inadequate_JJ profit_NN ._. ^ some_DTI further_JJB improvement_NN H27 165 should_MD be_BE made_VBN in_IN 1961_CD ._. H27 166 ^ fourthly_RB ,_, nuclear_JJ power_NN ._. ^ the_ATI Berkeley_NP H27 166 station_NN is_BEZ due_JJ to_TO come_VB H27 167 into_IN commission_NN this_DT year_NN ._. ^ I_PP1A can_MD tell_VB H27 167 you_PP2 no_ATI more_AP on_IN the_ATI outcome_NN of_IN H27 168 the_ATI contract_NN than_CS to_TO repeat_VB what_WDT I_PP1A said_VBD H27 168 last_AP year_NN ,_, which_WDTR is_BEZ that_CS the_ATI H27 169 sum_NN set_VBN aside_RP is_BEZ what_WDT prudent_JJ people_NNS would_MD H27 169 allow_VB against_IN H27 170 contingencies_NNS ._. ^ I_PP1A am_BEM not_XNOT in_IN a_AT position_NN H27 170 to_TO release_VB any_DTI of_IN the_ATI H27 171 ear-marked_JJ reserve_NN to_IN revenue_NN or_CC to_IN our_PP$ H27 171 general_JJ reserves_NNS ,_, nor_CC on_IN the_ATI H27 172 other_AP hand_NN do_DO I_PP1A think_VB it_PP3 necessary_JJ to_TO H27 172 increase_VB the_ATI reserve_NN at_IN this_DT H27 173 moment_NN ._. H27 174 ^ you_PP2 will_MD remember_VB that_CS last_AP year_NN the_ATI H27 174 interests_NNS of_IN \0A.E.I_NP H27 175 John_NP Thompson_NP nuclear_JJ energy_NN company_NN \0Ltd_JNP were_BED H27 175 amalgamated_VBN with_IN H27 176 those_DTS of_IN the_ATI nuclear_JJ power_NN plant_NN company_NN into_IN H27 176 a_AT new_JJ partnership_NN called_VBN H27 177 the_ATI nuclear_JJ power_NN group_NN ._. ^ this_DT merger_NN has_HVZ H27 177 enabled_VBN large_JJ savings_NNS to_TO be_BE H27 178 made_VBN in_IN technical_JJ staff_NN and_CC in_IN costs_NNS ,_, and_CC H27 178 the_ATI operations_NNS now_RN appear_VB to_TO H27 179 be_BE adjusted_VBN to_IN the_ATI likely_JJ volume_NN of_IN orders_NNS H27 179 ._. ^ in_IN July_NR 1960_CD the_ATI new_JJ H27 180 group_NN received_VBD the_ATI order_NN for_IN the_ATI Dungeness_NP H27 180 station_NN ,_, the_ATI largest_JJT H27 181 projected_JJ station_NN at_IN that_DT time_NN ._. ^ the_ATI risks_NNS H27 181 involved_VBN in_IN tendering_VBG for_IN H27 182 the_ATI second_OD station_NN are_BER far_RB less_AP than_IN those_DTS H27 182 involved_VBN in_IN the_ATI first_OD ,_, when_WRB H27 183 we_PP1AS were_BED breaking_VBG new_JJ ground_NN ,_, as_CS the_ATI H27 183 earlier_JJR problems_NNS can_MD now_RN be_BE H27 184 accurately_RB assessed_VBN ._. ^ it_PP3 should_MD be_BE remembered_VBN H27 184 that_CS competition_NN is_BEZ H27 185 still_RB extremely_RB keen_JJ ,_, but_CC we_PP1AS expect_VB to_TO H27 185 make_VB a_AT modest_JJ profit_NN upon_IN the_ATI H27 186 station_NN ._. H27 187 ^ the_ATI nuclear_JJ generation_NN of_IN power_NN is_BEZ going_VBG H27 187 to_TO be_BE a_AT permanent_JJ H27 188 feature_NN of_IN the_ATI national_JJ economy_NN ,_, and_CC both_ABX H27 188 as_IN a_AT source_NN of_IN revenue_NN ,_, and_CC H27 189 as_IN a_AT protection_NN of_IN our_PP$ conventional_JJ business_NN ,_, H27 189 the_ATI reasons_NNS which_WDTR H27 190 impelled_VBD us_PP1OS to_TO enter_VB this_DT field_NN still_RB seem_VB H27 190 unassailable_JJ ._. ^ I_PP1A can_MD not_XNOT but_CS H27 191 express_VB my_PP$ disappointment_NN that_CS the_ATI engineering_NN H27 191 and_CC scientific_JJ effort_NN H27 192 at_IN Berkeley_NP may_MD be_BE rewarded_VBN with_IN a_AT loss_NN ._. ^ H27 192 on_IN the_ATI other_AP hand_NN ,_, if_CS you_PP2 H27 193 regard_VB the_ATI money_NN which_WDTR we_PP1AS may_MD lose_VB as_IN H27 193 a_AT development_NN expense_NN and_CC not_XNOT as_IN H27 194 a_AT contractual_JJ loss_NN ,_, large_JJ though_CS it_PP3 may_MD be_BE H27 194 ,_, it_PP3 brings_VBZ the_ATI whole_JJ H27 195 subject_NN into_IN closer_JJR perspective_NN ._. H27 196 ^ such_ABL were_BED the_ATI four_CD parts_NNS of_IN your_PP$ H27 196 business_NN which_WDTR gave_VBD us_PP1OS anxiety_NN H27 197 at_IN the_ATI close_NN of_IN 1959_CD ._. ^ I_PP1A believe_VB that_CS H27 197 they_PP3AS are_BER all_ABN now_RN in_IN a_AT much_RB H27 198 better_JJR posture_NN ._. H27 199 ^ domestic_JJ appliances_NNS ,_, radio_NN and_CC television_NN H27 199 components_NNS hit_VBN by_IN hire_NN H27 200 purchase_NN restrictions_NNS ._. H27 201 ^ before_CS I_PP1A deal_VB with_IN the_ATI future_NN ,_, there_EX H27 201 are_BER two_CD other_AP matters_NNS H27 202 concerning_IN 1960_CD to_IN which_WDTR I_PP1A must_MD refer_VB ._. H28 2 Dorothy_NP Perkins_NP limited_JJ ._. H28 3 ^ a_AT difficult_JJ year_NN ._. H28 4 ^ \0Mr_NPT Alan_NP Farmer_NP on_IN the_ATI effects_NNS of_IN a_AT H28 4 payroll_NN tax_NN ._. H28 5 ^ the_ATI annual_JJ general_JJ meeting_NN of_IN Dorothy_NP H28 5 Perkins_NP limited_JJ will_MD be_BE H28 6 held_VBN on_IN August_NR 2nd_OD in_IN London_NP ._. H28 7 ^ the_ATI following_NN are_BER extracts_NNS from_IN the_ATI H28 7 statement_NN by_IN the_ATI Chairman_NPT ,_, H28 8 \0Mr_NPT Alan_NP Farmer_NP ,_, as_CS circulated_VBN to_IN H28 8 shareholders_NNS :_: *-_*- H28 9 ^ the_ATI year_NN ended_VBD 30th_OD April_NR ,_, 1961_CD ,_, has_HVZ H28 9 proved_VBN difficult_JJ ._. ^ we_PP1AS H28 10 occupied_VBD the_ATI warehouse_NN portion_NN of_IN the_ATI new_JJ H28 10 premises_NNS at_IN Bracknell_NP early_RB H28 11 in_IN the_ATI year_NN but_CC the_ATI completion_NN of_IN the_ATI H28 11 offices_NNS has_HVZ been_BEN delayed_VBN by_IN some_DTI H28 12 three_CD months_NNS so_CS that_CS" we_PP1AS have_HV been_BEN forced_VBN H28 12 to_TO function_VB with_IN the_ATI H28 13 administration_NN in_IN the_ATI West_NP End_NP and_CC with_IN the_ATI H28 13 distribution_NN centre_NN thirty_CD H28 14 miles_NNS away_RP ._. ^ apart_IN from_IN" the_ATI administrative_JJ H28 14 difficulties_NNS ,_, the_ATI delay_NN in_IN H28 15 the_ATI completion_NN has_HVZ added_VBN to_IN our_PP$ costs_NNS ._. ^ H28 15 we_PP1AS have_HV had_HVN to_TO continue_VB to_TO H28 16 bring_VB our_PP$ new_JJ staff_NN into_IN London_NP from_IN Bracknell_NP H28 16 to_TO train_VB at_IN Newman_NP H28 17 Street_NPL whilst_CS maintaining_VBG a_AT normal_JJ complement_NN in_IN H28 17 the_ATI London_NP offices_NNS ._. H28 18 ^ both_ABX the_ATI London_NP staff_NN ,_, who_WPR have_HV stayed_VBN H28 18 with_IN us_PP1OS until_IN such_ABL time_NN as_CS H28 19 the_ATI move_NN is_BEZ completed_VBN ,_, and_CC the_ATI new_JJ staff_NN H28 19 who_WPR have_HV joined_VBN us_PP1OS have_HV been_BEN H28 20 most_QL patient_JJ and_CC co-operative_JJ in_IN extremely_RB trying_JJ H28 20 circumstances_NNS ,_, and_CC H28 21 our_PP$ thanks_NNS are_BER due_JJ to_IN them_PP3OS and_CC to_IN all_ABN H28 21 our_PP$ staff_NN ,_, whether_CS they_PP3AS be_BE in_IN H28 22 the_ATI offices_NNS ,_, the_ATI warehouse_NN or_CC the_ATI branches_NNS H28 22 ,_, for_IN the_ATI helpful_JJ and_CC H28 23 understanding_JJ way_NN in_IN which_WDTR they_PP3AS have_HV worked_VBN H28 23 with_IN us_PP1OS during_IN this_DT H28 24 difficult_JJ time_NN ._. H28 25 ^ the_ATI year's_NN$ operations_NNS ._. H28 26 ^ the_ATI group_NN profits_NNS for_IN the_ATI year_NN ended_VBD H28 26 30th_OD April_NR ,_, 1961_CD ,_, H28 27 amounted_VBD ,_, before_IN taxation_NN ,_, to_IN *+463,512_NNU H28 27 compared_VBN with_IN *+482,230_NNU for_IN H28 28 1960_CD ._. ^ the_ATI 1960_CD accounts_NNS covered_VBD 53_CD H28 28 weeks'_NNS$ trading_NN so_CS that_CS" the_ATI group_NN H28 29 profit_NN for_IN 1961_CD before_IN taxation_NN of_IN *+463,512_NNU H28 29 is_BEZ comparable_JJ with_IN the_ATI H28 30 *+461,848_NNU estimated_VBN as_CS earned_VBN in_IN the_ATI 52_CD H28 30 trading_NN weeks_NNS in_IN 1960_CD ._. H28 31 ^ although_CS our_PP$ turnover_NN during_IN the_ATI year_NN has_HVZ H28 31 shown_VBN an_AT increase_NN ,_, a_AT H28 32 large_JJ part_NN of_IN which_WDTR was_BEDZ due_JJ to_IN the_ATI H28 32 opening_NN of_IN new_JJ branches_NNS ,_, it_PP3 has_HVZ not_XNOT H28 33 enabled_VBN us_PP1OS to_TO take_VB the_ATI increased_JJ expenses_NNS H28 33 in_IN our_PP$ stride_NN as_CS hitherto_RB ._. H28 34 ^ our_PP$ subsidiary_JJ companies_NNS have_HV had_HVN a_AT rather_RB H28 34 disappointing_JJ year_NN H28 35 necessitating_VBG ,_, in_IN the_ATI case_NN of_IN the_ATI retail_NN H28 35 company_NN ,_, a_AT number_NN of_IN changes_NNS H28 36 which_WDTR we_PP1AS hope_VB will_MD provide_VB a_AT more_QL H28 36 satisfactory_JJ result_NN in_IN the_ATI future_NN ._. H28 37 ^ it_PP3 will_MD be_BE recalled_VBN that_CS *+45,000_NNU was_BEDZ H28 37 set_VBN aside_RP in_IN previous_JJ years_NNS H28 38 towards_IN the_ATI costs_NNS arising_VBG in_IN connection_NN with_IN H28 38 Bracknell_NP ._. ^ completion_NN H28 39 having_HVG been_BEN delayed_VBN ,_, we_PP1AS are_BER carrying_VBG H28 39 forward_RB the_ATI sum_NN of_IN *+18,540_NNU ._. H28 40 ^ the_ATI increase_NN in_IN the_ATI rate_NN of_IN profits_NNS tax_NN H28 40 in_IN the_ATI 1960_CD budget_NN has_HVZ H28 41 had_HVN full_JJ effect_NN in_IN the_ATI accounts_NNS to_IN 30th_OD H28 41 April_NR ,_, 1961_CD ,_, and_CC we_PP1AS are_BER faced_VBN H28 42 with_IN a_AT further_JJB increase_NN from_IN April_NR ,_, 1961_CD ._. ^ H28 42 the_ATI latest_JJT increase_NN does_DOZ H28 43 not_XNOT seriously_RB affect_VB the_ATI charge_NN in_IN this_DT H28 43 year's_NN$ accounts_NNS but_CC will_MD do_DO so_PN H28 44 in_IN the_ATI April_NR ,_, 1962_CD ,_, accounts_NNS ._. H28 45 ^ the_ATI Directors_NPTS have_HV decided_VBN to_TO recommend_VB a_AT H28 45 final_JJ dividend_NN upon_IN the_ATI H28 46 ordinary_JJ and_CC *'_*' B_ZZ **'_**' ordinary_JJ shares_NNS of_IN H28 46 15_CD %_NNU (_( 9_CD \0d_NNU per_IN share_NN )_) less_IN tax_NN H28 47 making_VBG a_AT total_NN of_IN 20_CD %_NNU (_( 1_CD1 /-_NNU per_IN H28 47 share_NN )_) less_IN tax_NN paid_VBN for_IN 1960_CD on_IN the_ATI H28 48 capital_NN prior_RB to_IN the_ATI one_CD1 for_IN two_CD scrip_NN H28 48 issue_NN made_VBN in_IN July_NR ,_, 1960_CD ._. H28 49 ^ the_ATI heavy_JJ outlay_NN in_IN the_ATI temporary_JJ financing_NN H28 49 by_IN the_ATI company_NN of_IN the_ATI H28 50 new_JJ building_NN at_IN Bracknell_NP is_BEZ reflected_VBN in_IN H28 50 the_ATI liquid_JJ situation_NN in_IN the_ATI H28 51 balance_NN sheet_NN ,_, the_ATI total_JJ expenditure_NN to_IN date_NN H28 51 being_BEG *+343,430_NNU ._. H28 52 ^ suppliers_NNS ._. H28 53 ^ we_PP1AS again_RB extend_VB our_PP$ thanks_NNS to_IN our_PP$ H28 53 suppliers_NNS for_IN their_PP$ friendly_JJ H28 54 co-operation_NN during_IN the_ATI year_NN ._. ^ we_PP1AS would_MD H28 54 like_VB them_PP3OS to_TO know_VB that_CS they_PP3AS H28 55 are_BER always_RB welcome_JJ to_TO show_VB their_PP$ ranges_NNS as_CS H28 55 indeed_RB are_BER those_DTS H28 56 manufacturers_NNS with_IN whom_WPOR we_PP1AS have_HV not_XNOT yet_RB H28 56 had_HVN the_ATI pleasure_NN of_IN doing_VBG H28 57 business_NN ._. H28 58 ^ development_NN and_CC future_JJB prospects_NNS ._. H28 59 ^ at_IN 30th_OD April_NR ,_, 1961_CD ,_, we_PP1AS were_BED H28 59 trading_VBG in_IN 166_CD shops_NNS having_HVG opened_VBN H28 60 19_CD during_IN the_ATI year_NN ._. ^ with_IN the_ATI heavy_JJ H28 60 initial_JJ expenses_NNS involved_VBN in_IN the_ATI H28 61 opening_NN of_IN each_DT new_JJ unit_NN some_DTI time_NN elapses_VBZ H28 61 before_CS the_ATI full_JJ earning_NN H28 62 potential_NN is_BEZ realised_VBN ._. ^ immediate_JJ benefit_NN has_HVZ H28 62 not_XNOT been_BEN realised_VBN this_DT H28 63 year_NN from_IN the_ATI opening_NN of_IN these_DTS shops_NNS but_CC H28 63 we_PP1AS are_BER confident_JJ that_CS in_IN due_JJ H28 64 course_NN they_PP3AS will_MD be_BE making_VBG their_PP$ fair_JJ H28 64 contribution_NN to_IN profits_NNS ._. H28 65 ^ I_PP1A have_HV always_RB stressed_VBN the_ATI inadvisability_NN H28 65 of_IN endeavouring_VBG to_TO H28 66 forecast_VB the_ATI trends_NNS of_IN turnover_NN or_CC of_IN H28 66 profits_NNS bearing_VBG in_IN mind_NN the_ATI H28 67 uncertainties_NNS of_IN the_ATI fashion_NN trade_NN ._. ^ at_IN the_ATI H28 67 time_NN of_IN going_VBG to_IN press_NN ,_, in_IN H28 68 view_NN of_IN the_ATI few_AP weeks_NNS trading_NN and_CC the_ATI H28 68 variation_NN in_IN the_ATI date_NN of_IN the_ATI H28 69 Whitsuntide_NP holidays_NNS ,_, it_PP3 is_BEZ not_XNOT possible_JJ H28 69 to_TO determine_VB any_DTI very_QL H28 70 definite_JJ trend_NN of_IN trading_NN at_IN the_ATI present_JJ time_NN H28 70 ._. ^ we_PP1AS are_BER taking_VBG every_AT H28 71 step_NN to_TO ensure_VB that_CS we_PP1AS command_VB our_PP$ full_JJ H28 71 share_NN of_IN the_ATI available_JJ market_NN H28 72 and_CC we_PP1AS expect_VB considerable_JJ benefit_NN to_TO accrue_VB H28 72 from_IN the_ATI re-organisation_NN H28 73 of_IN our_PP$ distribution_NN system_NN following_IN the_ATI move_NN H28 73 to_IN Bracknell_NP ._. H28 74 ^ a_AT new_JJ payroll_NN tax_NN ,_, such_CS as_CS" the_ATI H28 74 Chancellor_NPT of_IN the_ATI exchequer_NN H28 75 proposes_VBZ ,_, could_MD involve_VB this_DT company_NN in_IN a_AT H28 75 substantial_JJ expense_NN over_IN H28 76 which_WDTR it_PP3 had_HVD no_ATI control_NN ._. ^ if_CS the_ATI H28 76 maximum_JJ amount_NN of_IN 4_CD /-_NNU per_IN week_NN per_IN H28 77 employee_NN was_BEDZ imposed_VBN the_ATI cost_NN in_IN a_AT full_JJ H28 77 year_NN could_MD amount_VB to_IN *+20,000_NNU ._. H28 78 ^ we_PP1AS exercise_VB the_ATI greatest_JJT possible_JJ economy_NN H28 78 in_IN our_PP$ staffing_NN by_IN the_ATI use_NN H28 79 of_IN a_AT part-time_JJB staff_NN ,_, and_CC at_IN present_NN this_DT H28 79 tax_NN appears_VBZ to_TO take_VB no_ATI H28 80 account_NN of_IN the_ATI difference_NN between_IN full_JJ time_NN H28 80 and_CC part-time_JJB ._. ^ this_DT H28 81 proposed_JJ tax_NN seems_VBZ to_IN me_PP1O to_TO be_BE very_QL H28 81 inequitable_JJ inasmuch_CS as_CS" it_PP3 imposes_VBZ H28 82 completely_RB unfair_JJ burdens_NNS on_IN those_DTS businesses_NNS H28 82 who_WPR by_IN their_PP$ very_AP nature_NN H28 83 must_MD employ_VB a_AT relatively_RB high_JJ number_NN of_IN staff_NN H28 83 to_TO provide_VB identical_JJ H28 84 profits_NNS compared_VBN with_IN other_AP forms_NNS of_IN business_NN H28 84 enterprise_NN ._. H28 85 ^ in_IN my_PP$ last_AP review_NN I_PP1A said_VBD that_CS with_IN H28 85 the_ATI additional_JJ expenses_NNS H28 86 arising_VBG from_IN the_ATI move_NN to_IN Bracknell_NP and_CC the_ATI H28 86 ever_RB increasing_JJ operating_NN H28 87 costs_NNS ,_, our_PP$ progress_NN ,_, so_QL far_RB as_CS the_ATI H28 87 earnings_NNS of_IN the_ATI business_NN are_BER H28 88 concerned_VBN ,_, might_MD well_RB slow_VB down_RP for_IN a_AT H28 88 period_NN of_IN time_NN ._. ^ it_PP3 is_BEZ important_JJ H28 89 that_CS I_PP1A should_MD repeat_VB these_DTS remarks_NNS ._. ^ we_PP1AS H28 89 do_DO not_XNOT minimise_VB the_ATI problems_NNS H28 90 which_WDTR have_HV to_TO be_BE faced_VBN but_CC we_PP1AS have_HV a_AT H28 90 young_JJ and_CC energetic_JJ staff_NN and_CC now_CS H28 91 that_CS" the_ATI move_NN is_BEZ almost_RB completed_VBN and_CC we_PP1AS H28 91 have_HV the_ATI facilities_NNS H28 92 available_JJ ,_, we_PP1AS are_BER determined_JJ to_TO go_VB ahead_RB H28 92 with_IN the_ATI expansion_NN necessary_JJ H28 93 to_TO absorb_VB these_DTS extra_JJ expenses_NNS and_CC to_TO provide_VB H28 93 additional_JJ profits_NNS for_IN H28 94 the_ATI continued_JJ growth_NN of_IN the_ATI company_NN ._. H28 95 ^ \0W_NP \0E_NP Norton_NP (_( holdings_NNS )_) \0Ltd_JNP ._. H28 96 ^ continued_JJ expansion_NN ._. H28 97 ^ the_ATI annual_JJ general_JJ meeting_NN of_IN \0W_NP \0E_NP H28 97 Norton_NP (_( machine_NN tools_NNS )_) H28 98 \0Ltd_JNP ,_, was_BEDZ held_VBN on_IN July_NR 10_CD in_IN London_NP ,_, H28 98 \0Mr_NPT \0W_NP \0E_NP Norton_NP H28 99 (_( the_ATI chairman_NN )_) presiding_VBG ._. H28 100 ^ the_ATI following_NN is_BEZ his_PP$ circulated_JJ statement_NN :_: H28 101 ^ the_ATI results_NNS achieved_VBN by_IN the_ATI company_NN for_IN H28 101 the_ATI period_NN ended_VBD 31st_OD H28 102 March_NR ,_, 1961_CD reflect_VB the_ATI continued_JJ progressive_JJ H28 102 growth_NN of_IN the_ATI profits_NNS of_IN H28 103 the_ATI companies_NNS which_WDTR are_BER now_RN its_PP$ H28 103 subsidiaries_NNS ._. H28 104 ^ the_ATI group_NN net_JJB profits_NNS (_( before_IN taxation_NN H28 104 and_CC Directors'_NPTS$ H28 105 remuneration_NN )_) for_IN the_ATI full_JJ year_NN to_IN 31st_OD H28 105 March_NR 1961_CD show_VB an_AT increase_NN of_IN H28 106 67_CD %_NNU over_IN the_ATI adjusted_JJ comparable_JJ profits_NNS H28 106 for_IN the_ATI preceding_JJ year_NN ._. H28 107 ^ the_ATI final_JJ dividend_NN of_IN 7_CD 1/2_CD %_NNU for_IN H28 107 the_ATI period_NN ended_VBD 31st_OD March_NR 1961_CD H28 108 compares_VBZ with_IN the_ATI forecast_NN of_IN 6_CD 1/4_CD %_NNU H28 108 made_VBN when_WRB the_ATI stock_NN exchange_NN H28 109 quotation_NN was_BEDZ obtained_VBN on_IN 23rd_OD September_NR ,_, H28 109 1960_CD ._. H28 110 ^ as_CS already_RB announced_VBN ,_, the_ATI Directors_NPTS H28 110 forecast_VB an_AT interim_JJB dividend_NN H28 111 of_IN 7_CD 1/2_CD %_NNU payable_JJ before_IN 31st_OD December_NR H28 111 1961_CD ,_, in_IN respect_NN of_IN the_ATI current_JJ H28 112 year_NN ending_VBG 31st_OD March_NR ,_, 1962_CD ._. H28 113 ^ the_ATI increased_JJ profits_NNS have_HV come_VBN from_IN a_AT H28 113 corresponding_JJ growth_NN in_IN H28 114 purchases_NNS and_CC sales_NNS ._. ^ continuous_JJ efforts_NNS are_BER H28 114 made_VBN to_TO enlarge_VB our_PP$ share_NN H28 115 of_IN the_ATI available_JJ business_NN in_IN new_JJ and_CC H28 115 secondhand_JJ machine_NN tools_NNS ,_, at_IN home_NR H28 116 and_CC abroad_RB ._. ^ the_ATI sales_NNS value_NN of_IN stock_NN H28 116 held_VBN on_IN 31st_OD March_NR ,_, 1961_CD in_IN this_DT H28 117 country_NN and_CC overseas_RB was_BEDZ more_AP than_IN three_CD H28 117 times_IN the_ATI value_NN of_IN stock_NN held_VBN H28 118 on_IN the_ATI corresponding_JJ date_NN in_IN 1960_CD ._. ^ our_PP$ H28 118 current_JJ sales_NNS and_CC earnings_NNS are_BER H28 119 well_RB in_IN advance_NN of_IN the_ATI results_NNS achieved_VBN H28 119 during_IN the_ATI same_AP period_NN last_AP H28 120 year_NN ._. H28 121 ^ provided_CS no_ATI unforeseen_JJ changes_NNS occur_VB in_IN H28 121 the_ATI trading_NN pattern_NN ,_, H28 122 either_DTX at_IN home_NR or_CC abroad_RB ,_, I_PP1A am_BEM confident_JJ H28 122 that_CS the_ATI company_NN will_MD H28 123 continue_VB to_TO make_VB good_JJ progress_NN ._. ^ machine_NN H28 123 tools_NNS are_BER a_AT pre-requisite_NN for_IN H28 124 the_ATI majority_NN of_IN the_ATI goods_NNS and_CC services_NNS in_IN H28 124 demand_NN by_IN countries_NNS H28 125 developing_VBG basic_JJ ,_, primary_JJ and_CC secondary_JJ H28 125 industries_NNS ,_, just_RB as_QL much_RB as_CS H28 126 they_PP3AS are_BER an_AT essential_NN to_TO ensure_VB a_AT H28 126 continuation_NN of_IN the_ATI rising_JJ standard_NN H28 127 of_IN living_NN proclaimed_VBN by_IN western_JJ governments_NNS to_TO H28 127 be_BE one_CD1 of_IN their_PP$ main_JJB H28 128 concerns_NNS ._. H28 129 ^ the_ATI industries_NNS which_WDTR we_PP1AS supply_VB are_BER H28 129 widely_RB diversified_VBN and_CC their_PP$ H28 130 needs_NNS require_VB many_AP years_NNS of_IN specialised_JJ study_NN H28 130 and_CC experience_NN ._. ^ to_TO H28 131 continue_VB our_PP$ expansion_NN ,_, we_PP1AS are_BER conscious_JJ H28 131 of_IN the_ATI need_NN to_TO train_VB suitable_JJ H28 132 personnel_NNS to_TO absorb_VB the_ATI particular_JJ knowledge_NN H28 132 required_VBN for_IN the_ATI H28 133 efficient_JJ conduct_NN of_IN our_PP$ business_NN ._. ^ we_PP1AS H28 133 are_BER fortunate_JJ ,_, therefore_RB ,_, in_IN H28 134 having_HVG already_RB a_AT nucleus_NN of_IN most_QL able_JJ young_JJ H28 134 executives_NNS ._. ^ their_PP$ loyalty_NN H28 135 and_CC hard_JJ work_NN have_HV greatly_RB contributed_VBN to_IN the_ATI H28 135 success_NN of_IN the_ATI company_NN ._. H28 136 ^ the_ATI report_NN was_BEDZ adopted_VBN ._. H28 137 ^ Assam_NP frontier_NN tea_NN ._. H28 138 ^ the_ATI 73rd_OD annual_JJ general_JJ meeting_NN of_IN the_ATI H28 138 Assam_NP frontier_NN tea_NN H28 139 company_NN limited_JJ will_MD be_BE held_VBN on_IN August_NR 2_CD in_IN H28 139 London_NP ._. H28 140 ^ the_ATI following_NN is_BEZ an_AT extract_NN from_IN the_ATI H28 140 circulated_JJ statement_NN of_IN the_ATI H28 141 chairman_NN ,_, Sir_NPT Charles_NP Miles_NP ,_, \0O.B.E_NPT:_: H28 142 ^ the_ATI profit_NN for_IN the_ATI year_NN ended_VBD 31st_OD H28 142 December_NR ,_, 1960_CD ,_, amounts_VBZ to_IN H28 143 *+498,726_NNU ,_, and_CC after_IN charging_VBG depreciation_NN of_IN H28 143 *+74,000_NNU ,_, there_EX is_BEZ a_AT H28 144 balance_NN of_IN *+424,726_NNU ,_, which_WDTR compares_VBZ with_IN H28 144 *+302,624_NNU for_IN the_ATI year_NN 1959_CD ._. H28 145 ^ contrary_JJ to_IN the_ATI experience_NN of_IN some_DTI Assam_NP H28 145 producers_NNS ,_, your_PP$ company_NN H28 146 was_BEDZ not_XNOT affected_VBN by_IN the_ATI drought_NN ,_, and_CC ,_, H28 146 with_IN an_AT increasing_JJ yield_NN from_IN H28 147 the_ATI young_JJ tea_NN areas_NNS ,_, the_ATI crop_NN was_BEDZ the_ATI H28 147 highest_JJT so_QL far_RB secured_VBN in_IN the_ATI H28 148 company's_NN$ history_NN ,_, the_ATI yield_NN from_IN our_PP$ Assam_NP H28 148 estates_NNS rising_VBG from_IN 1,100_CD H28 149 \0lbs_NNUS to_IN 1,204_CD \0lbs_NNUS per_IN acre_NN ._. ^ sales_NNS H28 149 proceeds_NNS increased_VBD by_IN over_RB H28 150 *+230,000_NNU but_CC against_IN this_DT there_EX was_BEDZ a_AT rise_NN H28 150 of_IN approximately_RB *+100,000_NNU H28 151 in_IN upkeep_NN expenditure_NN ,_, largely_RB due_JJ to_IN the_ATI H28 151 extra_JJ crop_NN harvested_VBN ._. H28 152 ^ we_PP1AS recommend_VB the_ATI payment_NN of_IN a_AT final_JJ H28 152 dividend_NN of_IN 7_CD per_NNU \0cent_NNU" on_IN H28 153 the_ATI preferred_JJ stock_NN ,_, making_VBG 10_CD per_NNU \0cent_NNU" H28 153 for_IN the_ATI year_NN ,_, and_CC a_AT H28 154 dividend_NN of_IN 25_CD per_NNU \0cent_NNU" on_IN the_ATI ordinary_JJ H28 154 stock_NN ._. H28 155 ^ with_IN regard_NN to_IN the_ATI current_JJ year_NN ,_, our_PP$ H28 155 crop_NN to_IN the_ATI middle_NN of_IN June_NR H28 156 is_BEZ 1,279,920_CD \0lbs_NNUS ,_, a_AT decrease_NN of_IN 224,400_CD H28 156 \0lbs_NNUS when_WRB compared_VBN with_IN H28 157 the_ATI same_AP period_NN last_AP year_NN ._. ^ during_IN the_ATI H28 157 latter_AP part_NN of_IN May_NR and_CC early_RB in_IN H28 158 June_NR the_ATI weather_NN was_BEDZ unusually_RB cold_JJ and_CC wet_JJ H28 158 ,_, and_CC growth_NN was_BEDZ checked_VBN at_IN H28 159 a_AT time_NN when_WRB the_ATI quality_NN teas_NNS of_IN the_ATI year_NN H28 159 are_BER made_VBN ._. ^ reports_NNS on_IN our_PP$ H28 160 early_JJ manufacture_NN ,_, however_RB ,_, are_BER satisfactory_JJ ._. H28 161 ^ Lewis_NP &_CC Peat_NP ,_, limited_JJ ._. H28 162 ^ year_NN of_IN consolidation_NN ._. H28 163 ^ the_ATI 41st_OD annual_JJ general_JJ meeting_NN of_IN Lewis_NP H28 163 &_CC Peat_NP ,_, limited_JJ will_MD H28 164 be_BE held_VBN on_IN August_NR 2_CD in_IN London_NP ._. H28 165 ^ the_ATI following_NN is_BEZ an_AT extract_NN from_IN the_ATI H28 165 circulated_JJ statement_NN of_IN the_ATI H28 166 chairman_NN ,_, \0Mr_NPT Herbert_NP Boyden_NP :_: H28 167 ^ I_PP1A would_MD like_VB to_TO mention_VB that_CS ,_, after_IN H28 167 the_ATI period_NN of_IN expansion_NN of_IN H28 168 the_ATI group_NN ,_, your_PP$ board_NN has_HVZ in_IN the_ATI last_AP H28 168 year_NN concentrated_VBN mainly_RB on_IN the_ATI H28 169 consolidation_NN of_IN the_ATI group's_NN$ activities_NNS ._. H28 170 ^ as_CS forecast_VBN ,_, the_ATI trading_NN profit_NN of_IN the_ATI H28 170 group_NN before_IN charging_VBG H28 171 taxation_NN ,_, amounting_VBG to_IN *+231,279_NNU ,_, shows_VBZ a_AT H28 171 slight_JJ increase_NN over_IN the_ATI H28 172 figure_NN of_IN *+214,396_NNU for_IN the_ATI previous_JJ year_NN ._. ^ H28 172 after_IN deducting_VBG taxation_NN H28 173 of_IN *+114,220_NNU ,_, and_CC adjusting_VBG for_IN the_ATI H28 173 interests_NNS of_IN outside_JJB shareholders_NNS H28 174 in_IN subsidiary_JJ companies_NNS and_CC pre-acquisition_JJB H28 174 profits_NNS of_IN subsidiaries_NNS ,_, H28 175 there_EX remains_VBZ a_AT balance_NN of_IN *+103,654_NNU ._. ^ the_ATI H28 175 total_JJ distribution_NN to_IN H28 176 equity_NN shareholders_NNS for_IN the_ATI year_NN is_BEZ *+36,444_NNU H28 176 ,_, and_CC is_BEZ covered_VBN more_RBR than_IN H28 177 two_CD and_CC a_AT half_ABN times_NNS by_IN earnings_NNS ._. H28 178 ^ commodity_NN interests_NNS :_: ^ in_IN addition_NN to_IN the_ATI H28 178 diversification_NN of_IN H28 179 the_ATI group's_NN$ activities_NNS which_WDTR has_HVZ taken_VBN H28 179 place_NN in_IN recent_JJ years_NNS ,_, we_PP1AS have_HV H28 180 retained_VBN an_AT interest_NN in_IN our_PP$ traditional_JJ H28 180 commodity_NN business_NN ._. ^ rubber_NN ,_, H28 181 edible_JJ oils_NNS ,_, oilseeds_NNS ,_, oilcake_NN ,_, and_CC H28 181 spices_NNS as_CC well_CC" as_CC" cocoa_NN are_BER still_RB H28 182 being_BEG dealt_VBN with_IN through_IN our_PP$ subsidiary_JJ or_CC H28 182 associated_JJ companies_NNS ._. ^ we_PP1AS H28 183 have_HV also_RB retained_VBN our_PP$ interest_NN ,_, through_IN a_AT H28 183 subsidiary_NN ,_, in_IN the_ATI natural_JJ H28 184 fibre_NN business_NN where_WRB we_PP1AS have_HV had_HVN a_AT most_QL H28 184 successful_JJ year_NN under_IN H28 185 comparatively_RB difficult_JJ conditions_NNS ._. H28 186 ^ far_JJ east_NR :_: ^ Lewis_NP &_CC Peat_NP (_( Singapore_NP )_) H28 186 \0Ltd_JNP have_HV maintained_VBN H28 187 their_PP$ position_NN in_IN the_ATI far_JJ eastern_JJ market_NN and_CC H28 187 have_HV further_RBR strengthened_VBN H28 188 their_PP$ business_NN by_IN acquiring_VBG \0W_NP \0H_NP Day_NP &_CC H28 188 \0Co_NNP \0Ltd_JNP in_IN May_NR ,_, H28 189 1960_CD ._. H28 190 ^ we_PP1AS have_HV further_RB widened_VBN our_PP$ sphere_NN of_IN H28 190 activities_NNS in_IN the_ATI far_JJ east_NR H28 191 by_IN acquiring_VBG an_AT investment_NN in_IN the_ATI leading_JJ H28 191 sharebroking_NN firm_NN in_IN Malaya_NP H28 192 and_CC present_JJ indications_NNS are_BER that_CS this_DT will_MD H28 192 prove_VB a_AT useful_JJ source_NN of_IN H28 193 income_NN to_IN the_ATI group_NN ._. H28 194 ^ west_NR Africa_NP :_: ^ our_PP$ activities_NNS in_IN this_DT H28 194 area_NN have_HV continued_VBN to_TO H28 195 grow_VB ._. ^ our_PP$ export_NN business_NN particularly_RB H28 195 continues_VBZ to_TO expand_VB H28 196 satisfactorily_RB and_CC I_PP1A am_BEM of_IN the_ATI opinion_NN that_CS H28 196 there_EX is_BEZ a_AT good_JJ market_NN in_IN H28 197 these_DTS territories_NNS as_CS their_PP$ economies_NNS continue_VB H28 197 to_TO develop_VB ._. H28 198 ^ we_PP1AS have_HV recently_RB taken_VBN steps_NNS to_TO H28 198 participate_VB in_IN two_CD industrial_JJ H28 199 enterprises_NNS in_IN Nigeria_NP ,_, which_WDTR we_PP1AS believe_VB H28 199 will_MD make_VB a_AT satisfactory_JJ H28 200 contribution_NN to_IN the_ATI group_NN results_NNS in_IN course_NN H28 200 of_IN time_NN ._. H29 2 there_EX are_BER spacious_JJ grounds_NNS at_IN the_ATI H29 2 University_NPL and_CC at_IN the_ATI Halls_NPLS ._. H29 3 ^ provision_NN is_BEZ made_VBN in_IN the_ATI University_NPL grounds_NNS H29 3 for_IN the_ATI playing_NN of_IN H29 4 football_NN ,_, hockey_NN ,_, cricket_NN ,_, tennis_NN and_CC squash_NN H29 4 rackets_NNS ,_, and_CC elsewhere_RB H29 5 for_IN badminton_NN ,_, rowing_NN and_CC swimming_VBG ._. ^ there_EX H29 5 is_BEZ a_AT first-class_JJ running_NN H29 6 track_NN ._. ^ facilities_NNS for_IN recreational_JJ physical_JJ H29 6 activities_NNS are_BER provided_VBN H29 7 in_IN the_ATI gymnasium_NN ._. H29 8 ^ general_JJ information_NN ._. H29 9 ^ admission_NN of_IN students_NNS ._. H29 10 ^ applicants_NNS for_IN admission_NN to_IN a_AT degree_NN course_NN H29 10 in_IN the_ATI University_NPL H29 11 must_MD be_BE at_RB least_RB" 17_CD years_NNS of_IN age_NN on_IN 1_CD1 H29 11 October_NR in_IN the_ATI year_NN of_IN their_PP$ H29 12 admission_NN ,_, and_CC must_MD ,_, before_IN the_ATI beginning_NN H29 12 of_IN the_ATI session_NN in_IN which_WDTR they_PP3AS H29 13 wish_VB to_TO enter_VB the_ATI University_NPL ,_, be_BE eligible_JJ H29 13 to_TO matriculate_VB ._. H29 14 ^ the_ATI ordinance_NN and_CC regulations_NNS governing_VBG H29 14 matriculation_NN and_CC H29 15 entrance_NN to_IN a_AT particular_JJ faculty_NN are_BER published_VBN H29 15 on_IN pages_NNS 104_CD and_CC 145_CD ._. H29 16 ^ forms_NNS of_IN application_NN for_IN admission_NN may_MD be_BE H29 16 obtained_VBN from_IN the_ATI H29 17 Registrar_NPT ._. ^ candidates_NNS may_MD be_BE required_VBN to_TO H29 17 attend_VB at_IN the_ATI University_NPL for_IN H29 18 interview_NN ._. H29 19 ^ occasional_JJ and_CC part-time_JJB students_NNS may_MD be_BE H29 19 admitted_VBN to_TO attend_VB H29 20 lectures_NNS with_IN the_ATI permission_NN of_IN the_ATI head_NN of_IN H29 20 the_ATI department_NN concerned_VBN H29 21 without_IN satisfying_VBG the_ATI normal_JJ conditions_NNS for_IN H29 21 entry_NN ._. H29 22 ^ admission_NN of_IN overseas_JJB students_NNS ._. H29 23 ^ applications_NNS from_IN overseas_JJB students_NNS must_MD be_BE H29 23 accompanied_VBN by_IN a_AT H29 24 statement_NN from_IN the_ATI appropriate_JJ government_NN office_NN H29 24 or_CC from_IN the_ATI person_NN or_CC H29 25 body_NN which_WDTR will_MD be_BE responsible_JJ for_IN the_ATI H29 25 applicant's_NN$ maintenance_NN ,_, H29 26 certifying_VBG that_CS he_PP3A will_MD receive_VB adequate_JJ H29 26 financial_JJ support_NN for_IN the_ATI H29 27 duration_NN of_IN his_PP$ course_NN ._. ^ applications_NNS will_MD H29 27 not_XNOT be_BE considered_VBN without_IN H29 28 such_ABL an_AT assurance_NN ._. H29 29 ^ submission_NN of_IN applications_NNS ._. H29 30 ^ applications_NNS of_IN candidates_NNS from_IN overseas_RB will_MD H29 30 be_BE considered_VBN H29 31 only_RB if_CS they_PP3AS are_BER submitted_VBN to_IN the_ATI H29 31 University_NPL either_DTX by_IN the_ATI students'_NNS$ H29 32 branch_NN of_IN the_ATI colonial_JJ office_NN (_( 2_CD Sanctuary_NP H29 32 Buildings_NPLS ,_, Great_NP Smith_NP H29 33 Street_NPL ,_, London_NP ,_, \0S.W.1_NP )_) or_CC by_IN the_ATI H29 33 appropriate_JJ official_JJ H29 34 representative_NN of_IN their_PP$ countries_NNS in_IN London_NP ._. H29 35 ^ applications_NNS from_IN candidates_NNS wishing_VBG to_TO H29 35 attend_VB occasional_JJ H29 36 lectures_NNS for_IN a_AT period_NN not_XNOT exceeding_VBG one_CD1 H29 36 session_NN may_MD be_BE submitted_VBN H29 37 direct_RB to_IN the_ATI University_NPL ._. H29 38 ^ registration_NN ._. H29 39 ^ the_ATI University_NPL session_NN opens_VBZ in_IN the_ATI first_OD H29 39 or_CC second_OD week_NN of_IN H29 40 October_NR each_DT year_NN ._. ^ students_NNS are_BER required_VBN H29 40 to_TO register_VB on_IN the_ATI first_OD H29 41 three_CD days_NNS of_IN each_DT session_NN ._. H29 42 ^ all_ABN freshmen_NNS entering_VBG upon_IN a_AT degree_NN course_NN H29 42 must_MD at_IN the_ATI time_NN of_IN H29 43 registration_NN or_CC within_IN seven_CD days_NNS present_VB H29 43 evidence_NN of_IN their_PP$ H29 44 eligibility_NN to_TO matriculate_VB to_IN the_ATI assistant_NN H29 44 Registrar_NPT (_( academic_JJ )_) ._. H29 45 ^ discipline_NN ._. H29 46 ^ the_ATI University_NPL regulations_NNS are_BER published_VBN on_IN H29 46 page_NN 132_CD ._. H29 47 ^ entry_NN for_IN examinations_NNS ._. H29 48 ^ all_ABN students_NNS must_MD obtain_VB the_ATI consent_NN of_IN H29 48 the_ATI Dean_NPT of_IN the_ATI faculty_NN H29 49 concerned_VBN before_RI entering_VBG for_IN examinations_NNS ,_, and_CC H29 49 must_MD take_VB the_ATI H29 50 examinations_NNS at_IN the_ATI time_NN approved_VBN by_IN the_ATI H29 50 Dean_NPT ._. ^ no_ATI student_NN may_MD H29 51 postpone_VB or_CC withdraw_VB registration_NN or_CC entry_NN for_IN H29 51 any_DTI examination_NN without_IN H29 52 the_ATI consent_NN of_IN the_ATI Dean_NPT ._. H29 53 ^ students_NNS whose_WP$R progress_NN is_BEZ considered_VBN by_IN H29 53 the_ATI Senate_NP to_TO be_BE H29 54 unsatisfactory_JJ may_MD be_BE required_VBN to_TO withdraw_VB from_IN H29 54 the_ATI University_NPL ._. H29 55 ^ failure_NN in_IN an_AT examination_NN may_MD be_BE regarded_VBN as_IN H29 55 evidence_NN of_IN H29 56 unsatisfactory_JJ progress_NN ._. H29 57 ^ see_VB also_RB University_NPL regulations_NNS ,_, section_NN 3_CD H29 57 ,_, page_NN 133_CD ._. H29 58 ^ residence_NN ._. H29 59 ^ the_ATI University_NPL is_BEZ in_IN principle_NN residential_JJ H29 59 ,_, in_IN the_ATI sense_NN that_CS H29 60 all_ABN full-time_JJB students_NNS for_IN whom_WPOR there_EX is_BEZ H29 60 room_NN are_BER required_VBN to_TO live_VB in_IN H29 61 halls_NNS of_IN residence_NN ._. H29 62 ^ in_IN view_NN of_IN the_ATI growth_NN in_IN numbers_NNS the_ATI H29 62 accommodation_NN in_IN the_ATI Halls_NPLS H29 63 is_BEZ ,_, however_RB ,_, now_RN insufficient_JJ to_TO house_VB all_ABN H29 63 the_ATI students_NNS not_XNOT living_VBG at_IN H29 64 home_NR ._. ^ approximately_RB half_ABN of_IN the_ATI places_NNS in_IN H29 64 Hall_NPL are_BER reserved_VBN for_IN H29 65 first-year_JJB students_NNS and_CC a_AT majority_NN of_IN the_ATI H29 65 remaining_JJ places_NNS are_BER H29 66 allocated_VBN to_IN second-year_JJB students_NNS ._. ^ forms_NNS of_IN H29 66 application_NN for_IN residence_NN H29 67 will_MD be_BE sent_VBN to_IN all_ABN candidates_NNS to_IN whom_WPOR H29 67 an_AT offer_NN of_IN a_AT place_NN in_IN the_ATI H29 68 University_NPL is_BEZ made_VBN ._. H29 69 ^ students_NNS (_( other_AP than_IN those_DTS living_VBG at_IN H29 69 home_NR )_) who_WPR are_BER not_XNOT offered_VBN H29 70 accommodation_NN in_IN Hall_NPL must_MD live_VB in_IN lodgings_NNS H29 70 approved_VBN by_IN the_ATI H29 71 University_NPL ._. ^ the_ATI allocation_NN of_IN first-year_JJB H29 71 students_NNS to_IN Halls_NPLS is_BEZ made_VBN by_IN H29 72 the_ATI Wardens_NPTS and_CC students_NNS who_WPR are_BER required_VBN H29 72 to_TO reside_VB in_IN approved_JJ H29 73 lodgings_NNS will_MD be_BE put_VBN in_IN touch_NN with_IN the_ATI H29 73 Warden_NPT of_IN lodgings_NNS ._. H29 74 ^ students_NNS must_MD take_VB up_RP residence_NN in_IN Hall_NPL H29 74 or_CC lodgings_NNS on_IN the_ATI first_OD H29 75 day_NN of_IN each_DT term_NN ._. H29 76 ^ a_AT limited_JJ number_NN of_IN students_NNS in_IN their_PP$ H29 76 second_OD or_CC third_OD years_NNS who_WPR H29 77 have_HV previously_RB been_BEN in_IN lodgings_NNS are_BER admitted_VBN H29 77 to_IN Hall_NPL ._. ^ applications_NNS H29 78 should_MD be_BE made_VBN to_IN the_ATI Warden_NPT ._. H29 79 ^ University_NPL health_NN service_NN ._. H29 80 ^ a_AT comprehensive_JJ health_NN service_NN for_IN students_NNS H29 80 is_BEZ provided_VBN under_IN H29 81 the_ATI direction_NN of_IN the_ATI University_NPL medical_JJ H29 81 Officer_NPT ._. H29 82 ^ all_ABN students_NNS are_BER required_VBN to_TO undergo_VB a_AT H29 82 medical_JJ examination_NN during_IN H29 83 the_ATI first_OD session_NN and_CC at_IN such_ABL times_NNS H29 83 afterwards_RB as_CS the_ATI medical_JJ Officer_NPT H29 84 may_MD advise_VB ._. ^ students_NNS are_BER also_RB strongly_RB H29 84 advised_VBN to_TO make_VB use_NN of_IN the_ATI H29 85 facilities_NNS available_JJ annually_RB at_IN the_ATI University_NPL H29 85 for_IN chest_NN X-ray_NN H29 86 examination_NN ._. H29 87 ^ all_ABN students_NNS ,_, except_IN those_DTS living_VBG locally_RB H29 87 and_CC therefore_RB H29 88 registered_VBN with_IN a_AT local_JJ doctor_NN ,_, should_MD H29 88 re-register_VB under_IN the_ATI national_JJ H29 89 health_NN service_NN arrangements_NNS with_IN the_ATI University_NPL H29 89 medical_JJ Officer_NPT or_CC H29 90 with_IN a_AT local_JJ medical_JJ practitioner_NN ._. ^ students_NNS H29 90 in_IN Hall_NPL should_MD consult_VB H29 91 their_PP$ Warden_NPT before_IN re-registration_NN ._. ^ for_IN H29 91 purposes_NNS of_IN re-registration_NN H29 92 students_NNS must_MD bring_VB with_IN them_PP3OS to_IN Hull_NP H29 92 their_PP$ national_JJ health_NN H29 93 medical_JJ card_NN ._. ^ (_( see_VB also_RB University_NPL H29 93 regulations_NNS ,_, section_NN 5_CD ,_, page_NN 134_CD ._. )_) H29 94 ^ sick_JJ students_NNS ,_, where_WRB illness_NN is_BEZ likely_JJ H29 94 to_TO last_VB more_AP than_IN 24_CD H29 95 hours_NNS ,_, are_BER admitted_VBN from_IN Hall_NPL ,_, and_CC ,_, H29 95 when_WRB desirable_JJ ,_, from_IN lodgings_NNS to_IN H29 96 the_ATI sick_JJ bay_NN ,_, where_WRB they_PP3AS will_MD be_BE in_IN H29 96 the_ATI care_NN of_IN the_ATI medical_JJ Officer_NPT H29 97 and_CC the_ATI Sister_NPT of_IN the_ATI sick_JJ bay_NN ._. H29 98 **[list**]_&FO H29 99 ._. ^ students_NNS living_VBG in_IN Hall_NPL or_CC lodgings_NNS H29 99 will_MD pay_VB a_AT fee_NN towards_IN the_ATI H29 100 cost_NN of_IN the_ATI service_NN of_IN *+1_NNU 1_CD1 \0s_NNU per_IN H29 100 session_NN ;_; students_NNS living_VBG at_IN home_NR H29 101 will_MD pay_VB 10_CD \0s_NNU 6_CD \0d_NNU per_IN session_NN ._. H29 102 ^ refectories_NNS ._. H29 103 ^ facilities_NNS are_BER provided_VBN in_IN the_ATI students'_NNS$ H29 103 union_NN Building_NPL ,_, for_IN H29 104 morning_NN coffee_NN ,_, luncheon_NN ,_, tea_NN and_CC evening_NN H29 104 meals_NNS ._. ^ there_EX is_BEZ a_AT separate_JJ H29 105 staff_NN refectory_NN for_IN the_ATI use_NN of_IN the_ATI academic_JJ H29 105 staff_NN ._. H29 106 ^ University_NPL regulations_NNS ._. H29 107 ^ general_JJ ._. H29 108 ^ the_ATI University_NPL expects_VBZ its_PP$ students_NNS to_TO H29 108 conduct_VB themselves_PPLS at_IN H29 109 all_ABN times_NNS in_IN an_AT orderly_JJ manner_NN creditable_JJ to_IN H29 109 the_ATI good_JJ name_NN of_IN the_ATI H29 110 University_NPL ._. ^ regulations_NNS for_IN the_ATI maintenance_NN H29 110 of_IN good_JJ order_NN and_CC H29 111 discipline_NN are_BER promulgated_VBN from_IN time_NN to_IN time_NN ._. H29 111 ^ it_PP3 is_BEZ the_ATI duty_NN of_IN all_ABN H29 112 students_NNS to_TO take_VB notice_NN of_IN the_ATI regulations_NNS H29 112 and_CC to_TO know_VB and_CC observe_VB H29 113 them_PP3OS ._. ^ students_NNS on_IN admission_NN must_MD sign_VB a_AT H29 113 declaration_NN that_CS they_PP3AS will_MD H29 114 observe_VB the_ATI ordinances_NNS of_IN the_ATI University_NPL and_CC H29 114 will_MD conform_VB to_IN all_ABN such_ABL H29 115 regulations_NNS as_CS may_MD from_IN time_NN to_IN time_NN be_BE H29 115 made_VBN for_IN the_ATI maintenance_NN of_IN H29 116 order_NN in_IN the_ATI University_NPL ._. ^ students_NNS must_MD H29 116 also_RB make_VB themselves_PPLS H29 117 conversant_JJ with_IN the_ATI academic_JJ regulations_NNS in_IN the_ATI H29 117 University_NPL calendar_NN ._. H29 118 ^ regulations_NNS relating_VBG to_IN halls_NNS of_IN residence_NN H29 118 ,_, lodgings_NNS and_CC the_ATI H29 119 University_NPL Library_NPL ,_, have_HV the_ATI same_AP force_NN as_IN H29 119 University_NPL regulations_NNS and_CC H29 120 any_DTI breach_NN of_IN them_PP3OS may_MD be_BE dealt_VBN with_IN as_IN H29 120 a_AT breach_NN of_IN University_NPL H29 121 discipline_NN ._. H29 122 ^ University_NPL terms_NNS ._. H29 123 ^ 1_CD1 ._. ^ the_ATI official_JJ dates_NNS of_IN University_NPL H29 123 terms_NNS as_CS published_VBN in_IN the_ATI H29 124 calendar_NN apply_VB to_IN all_ABN students_NNS ._. ^ students_NNS (_( H29 124 other_AP than_IN new_JJ students_NNS H29 125 at_IN the_ATI opening_NN of_IN a_AT session_NN and_CC research_NN H29 125 students_NNS )_) are_BER required_VBN to_TO H29 126 arrive_VB in_IN Hull_NP on_IN the_ATI first_OD day_NN of_IN term_NN H29 126 and_CC ,_, except_CS with_IN the_ATI special_JJ H29 127 permission_NN of_IN the_ATI Dean_NPT of_IN their_PP$ faculty_NN ,_, H29 127 may_MD not_XNOT go_VB down_RP until_IN the_ATI H29 128 last_AP day_NN ._. ^ the_ATI first_OD and_CC last_AP days_NNS of_IN H29 128 term_NN as_CS published_VBN are_BER regarded_VBN H29 129 as_IN travelling_NN days_NNS on_IN which_WDTR no_ATI lectures_NNS or_CC H29 129 classes_NNS will_MD be_BE held_VBN ._. ^ the_ATI H29 130 residence_NN of_IN research_NN students_NNS will_MD be_BE governed_VBN H29 130 by_IN the_ATI requirements_NNS of_IN H29 131 their_PP$ head_NN of_IN department_NN or_CC Supervisor_NPT ._. H29 133 ^ (_( a_ZZ )_) ._. ^ permission_NN to_TO go_VB down_RP before_IN H29 133 the_ATI end_NN of_IN term_NN (_( exeat_NN )_) :_: H29 134 ^ an_AT exeat_NN will_MD be_BE granted_VBN only_RB in_IN special_JJ H29 134 circumstances_NNS ._. H29 135 ^ students_NNS must_MD apply_VB to_IN the_ATI Dean_NPT personally_RB H29 135 ,_, having_HVG first_RB obtained_VBN an_AT H29 136 exeat_NN form_NN from_IN the_ATI Dean's_NPT$ office_NN ._. H29 137 ^ (_( b_ZZ )_) ._. ^ temporary_JJ absence_NN during_IN term_NN (_( H29 137 absit_NN )_) :_: ^ leave_NN of_IN H29 138 absence_NN may_MD be_BE granted_VBN during_IN University_NPL terms_NNS H29 138 subject_JJ to_IN departmental_JJ H29 139 and_CC other_AP academic_JJ requirements_NNS and_CC to_IN the_ATI H29 139 halls_NNS of_IN residence_NN and_CC H29 140 lodgings_NNS regulations_NNS ._. ^ leave_NN for_IN three_CD H29 140 successive_JJ nights_NNS will_MD H29 141 ordinarily_RB be_BE granted_VBN only_RB if_CS it_PP3 includes_VBZ a_AT H29 141 Saturday_NR and_CC Sunday_NR ._. H29 142 ^ the_ATI power_NN of_IN granting_VBG temporary_JJ leave_NN of_IN H29 142 absence_NN during_IN terms_NNS has_HVZ H29 143 been_BEN delegated_VBN by_IN the_ATI Deans_NPTS to_IN heads_NNS of_IN H29 143 departments_NNS ;_; students_NNS seeking_VBG H29 144 such_ABL leave_NN should_MD first_RB obtain_VB an_AT absit_NN form_NN H29 144 from_IN the_ATI Dean's_NPT$ H29 145 office_NN ._. H29 146 ^ (_( a_AT copy_NN of_IN the_ATI full_JJ supplementary_JJ H29 146 regulations_NNS relating_VBG to_IN H29 147 exeats_NNS and_CC absits_NNS may_MD be_BE obtained_VBN from_IN the_ATI H29 147 Registrar's_NPT$ H29 148 office_NN ._. )_) H29 150 ^ registration_NN and_CC payment_NN of_IN fees_NNS ._. H29 151 ^ 2_CD ._. ^ students_NNS must_MD register_VB for_IN classes_NNS H29 151 and_CC examinations_NNS and_CC H29 152 pay_VB any_DTI fee_NN prescribed_VBN and_CC any_DTI other_AP H29 152 University_NPL dues_NNS on_IN the_ATI dates_NNS and_CC H29 153 at_IN the_ATI times_NNS laid_VBN down_RP in_IN official_JJ notices_NNS H29 153 ._. H29 154 ^ classes_NNS and_CC examinations_NNS ._. H29 155 ^ 3_CD ._. ^ students_NNS must_MD follow_VB throughout_IN the_ATI H29 155 terms_NNS the_ATI courses_NNS for_IN H29 156 which_WDTR they_PP3AS are_BER registered_VBN and_CC attend_VB such_ABL H29 156 classes_NNS and_CC such_ABL H29 157 examinations_NNS as_CS are_BER required_VBN by_IN the_ATI H29 157 University_NPL or_CC by_IN the_ATI heads_NNS of_IN the_ATI H29 158 departments_NNS concerned_VBN ._. ^ no_ATI student_NN may_MD change_VB H29 158 his_PP$ course_NN without_IN the_ATI H29 159 permission_NN of_IN the_ATI heads_NNS of_IN the_ATI departments_NNS H29 159 concerned_VBN and_CC of_IN the_ATI Dean_NPT H29 160 of_IN the_ATI faculty_NN ._. H29 161 ^ no_ATI student_NN may_MD enter_VB for_IN a_AT University_NPL H29 161 examination_NN or_CC an_AT H29 162 examination_NN conducted_VBN by_IN some_DTI other_AP examining_JJ H29 162 body_NN without_IN the_ATI consent_NN H29 163 of_IN the_ATI Dean_NPT of_IN his_PP$ faculty_NN ._. ^ in_IN the_ATI H29 163 case_NN of_IN external_JJ examination_NN such_ABL H29 164 consent_NN is_BEZ normally_RB given_VBN only_RB if_CS the_ATI H29 164 examination_NN is_BEZ for_IN a_AT H29 165 professional_JJ qualification_NN closely_RB related_VBN to_IN the_ATI H29 165 student's_NN$ course_NN ._. H29 166 ^ consent_NN for_IN entry_NN to_IN examinations_NNS is_BEZ normally_RB H29 166 given_VBN when_WRB the_ATI Dean_NPT or_CC H29 167 his_PP$ deputy_NN signs_VBZ the_ATI student's_NN$ registration_NN H29 167 form_NN at_IN the_ATI beginning_NN of_IN H29 168 session_NN ._. ^ students_NNS must_MD enter_VB on_IN their_PP$ H29 168 registration_NN form_NN particulars_NNS H29 169 of_IN any_DTI external_JJ examinations_NNS which_WDTR they_PP3AS H29 169 propose_VB to_TO take_VB during_IN the_ATI H29 170 session_NN ._. ^ University_NPL examinations_NNS of_IN any_DTI kind_NN H29 170 will_MD in_IN all_ABN cases_NNS take_VB H29 171 priority_NN over_IN any_DTI other_AP examinations_NNS which_WDTR a_AT H29 171 student_NN wishes_VBZ to_TO take_VB ._. H29 172 ^ students_NNS absent_JJ from_IN classes_NNS must_MD report_VB H29 172 such_ABL absence_NN within_IN the_ATI H29 173 first_OD two_CD days_NNS to_IN the_ATI Warden_NPT in_IN the_ATI case_NN H29 173 of_IN students_NNS residing_VBG in_IN Hall_NPL H29 174 and_CC to_IN the_ATI University_NPL registry_NN in_IN the_ATI case_NN H29 174 of_IN all_ABN other_AP students_NNS ._. ^ in_IN H29 175 the_ATI case_NN of_IN illness_NN students_NNS in_IN lodgings_NNS H29 175 must_MD also_RB report_VB such_ABL absence_NN H29 176 to_IN the_ATI Warden_NPT of_IN lodgings_NNS ._. H29 177 ^ gowns_NNS ._. H29 178 ^ 4_CD ._. ^ all_ABN full-time_JJB students_NNS reading_VBG for_IN H29 178 a_AT degree_NN or_CC diploma_NN H29 179 must_MD wear_VB approved_JJ academic_JJ dress_NN at_IN examinations_NNS H29 179 ,_, on_IN ceremonial_JJ H29 180 occasions_NNS ,_, at_IN official_JJ interviews_NNS with_IN H29 180 University_NPL Officers_NPTS and_CC members_NNS H29 181 of_IN the_ATI academic_JJ staff_NN ,_, and_CC also_RB at_IN H29 181 lectures_NNS unless_CS Senate_NP on_IN the_ATI H29 182 recommendation_NN of_IN a_AT board_NN of_IN faculty_NN shall_MD for_IN H29 182 special_JJ reasons_NNS H29 183 determine_VB otherwise_RB ._. ^ gowns_NNS will_MD not_XNOT be_BE H29 183 worn_VBN in_IN laboratories_NNS ._. H29 184 ^ health_NN ._. H29 185 ^ 5_CD ._. ^ students_NNS ,_, other_AP than_IN those_DTS living_VBG H29 185 at_IN home_NR ,_, are_BER required_VBN to_TO H29 186 bring_VB their_PP$ national_JJ health_NN service_NN medical_JJ H29 186 cards_NNS to_IN Hull_NP and_CC to_TO H29 187 register_VB under_IN the_ATI national_JJ health_NN service_NN H29 187 either_DTX with_IN the_ATI H29 188 University_NPL medical_JJ Officer_NPT (_( \0Dr_NPT \0R_NP Raines_NP )_) H29 188 ,_, or_CC with_IN a_AT local_JJ H29 189 medical_JJ practitioner_NN ._. ^ students_NNS must_MD inform_VB the_ATI H29 189 Registrar_NPT ,_, in_IN the_ATI H29 190 manner_NN prescribed_VBN from_IN time_NN to_IN time_NN ,_, of_IN H29 190 the_ATI name_NN of_IN the_ATI doctor_NN in_IN Hull_NP H29 191 or_CC district_NN with_IN whom_WPOR they_PP3AS have_HV registered_VBN H29 191 ._. H29 192 ^ all_ABN students_NNS are_BER required_VBN to_TO present_VB H29 192 themselves_PPLS for_IN a_AT medical_JJ H29 193 examination_NN during_IN their_PP$ first_OD year_NN ,_, and_CC at_IN H29 193 such_ABL times_NNS afterwards_RB as_CS H29 194 the_ATI University_NPL medical_JJ Officer_NPT may_MD advise_VB ._. ^ H29 194 they_PP3AS are_BER strongly_RB advised_VBN H29 195 to_TO make_VB use_NN of_IN the_ATI facilities_NNS provided_VBN H29 195 annually_RB at_IN the_ATI University_NPL for_IN H29 196 chest_NN X-ray_NN examination_NN ._. H29 197 ^ students_NNS absent_JJ from_IN classes_NNS owing_IN to_IN" H29 197 illness_NN must_MD report_VB such_ABL H29 198 absence_NN within_IN the_ATI first_OD two_CD days_NNS to_IN the_ATI H29 198 Warden_NPT in_IN the_ATI case_NN of_IN H29 199 students_NNS residing_VBG in_IN Hall_NPL ,_, Warden_NPT of_IN H29 199 lodgings_NNS in_IN the_ATI case_NN of_IN students_NNS H29 200 in_IN lodgings_NNS ,_, and_CC to_IN the_ATI University_NPL registry_NN H29 200 in_IN the_ATI case_NN of_IN all_ABN other_AP H29 201 students_NNS ._. H29 202 ^ vehicles_NNS ._. H29 203 ^ 6_CD ._. ^ students_NNS are_BER permitted_VBN to_TO bring_VB H29 203 vehicles_NNS into_IN the_ATI H29 204 University_NPL grounds_NNS and_CC park_VB them_PP3OS there_RN on_IN H29 204 the_ATI following_JJ conditions_NNS ._. H29 205 ^ this_DT permission_NN may_MD be_BE expressly_RB withdrawn_VBN by_IN H29 205 the_ATI Registrar_NPT at_IN any_DTI H29 206 time_NN ._. H29 207 ^ (_( a_ZZ )_) ._. ^ registration_NN ._. ^ students_NNS regularly_RB H29 207 parking_VBG cars_NNS ,_, H29 208 motor-cycles_NNS or_CC any_DTI other_AP mechanically_RB propelled_JJ H29 208 vehicles_NNS within_IN the_ATI H29 209 University_NPL grounds_NNS must_MD register_VB such_ABL vehicles_NNS H29 209 at_IN the_ATI Registrar's_NPT$ H29 210 office_NN before_IN the_ATI expiration_NN of_IN one_CD1 week_NN from_IN H29 210 the_ATI beginning_NN of_IN each_DT H29 211 session_NN ._. ^ any_DTI newly_RB acquired_JJ vehicle_NN must_MD be_BE H29 211 registered_VBN immediately_RB ._. H29 212 ^ (_( b_ZZ )_) ._. ^ parking_NN ._. ^ detailed_JJ regulations_NNS H29 212 may_MD be_BE promulgated_VBN from_IN H29 213 time_NN to_IN time_NN specifying_VBG inter_RB alia_RB" the_ATI H29 213 times_NNS during_IN which_WDTR and_CC H29 214 the_ATI entrances_NNS by_IN which_WDTR ,_, cars_NNS ,_, H29 214 motor-cycles_NNS and_CC other_AP mechanically_RB H29 215 propelled_JJ vehicles_NNS may_MD be_BE brought_VBN into_IN and_CC H29 215 taken_VBN out_RP of_IN the_ATI University_NPL H29 216 grounds_NNS ,_, and_CC the_ATI places_NNS in_IN which_WDTR such_ABL H29 216 vehicles_NNS may_MD be_BE parked_VBN ._. H29 217 ^ similar_JJ regulations_NNS may_MD be_BE made_VBN for_IN pedal_NN H29 217 cycles_NNS ._. ^ no_ATI cycle_NN may_MD H29 218 be_BE parked_VBN ,_, even_RB temporarily_RB ,_, near_IN any_DTI H29 218 building_NN except_CS as_CS authorised_VBN by_IN H29 219 the_ATI regulations_NNS ._. ^ cycles_NNS parked_VBN in_IN H29 219 unauthorised_JJ places_NNS may_MD be_BE moved_VBN H29 220 and_CC may_MD be_BE impounded_VBN until_CS any_DTI fine_NN which_WDTR H29 220 may_MD be_BE imposed_VBN has_HVZ been_BEN H29 221 paid_VBN ._. H29 222 ^ (_( c_ZZ )_) ._. ^ vehicles_NNS other_AP than_IN cycles_NNS H29 222 not_XNOT equipped_VBN with_IN means_NNS of_IN H29 223 mechanical_JJ propulsion_NN ,_, must_MD not_XNOT be_BE left_VBN H29 223 over-night_RB in_IN the_ATI University_NPL H29 224 grounds_NNS without_IN the_ATI permission_NN of_IN the_ATI H29 224 Registrar_NPT ._. H29 225 ^ (_( d_ZZ )_) ._. ^ no_ATI vehicle_NN may_MD be_BE left_VBN in_IN H29 225 the_ATI University_NPL grounds_NNS during_IN H29 226 vacations_NNS and_CC the_ATI University_NPL authorities_NNS shall_MD H29 226 have_HV power_NN to_TO deal_VB with_IN H29 227 any_DTI vehicle_NN so_RB left_VBN by_IN causing_VBG it_PP3 to_TO be_BE H29 227 removed_VBN in_IN the_ATI name_NN and_CC at_IN the_ATI H29 228 cost_NN of_IN the_ATI student_NN responsible_JJ ,_, and_CC by_IN H29 228 having_HVG it_PP3 put_VBN in_IN any_DTI private_JJ H29 229 or_CC public_JJ place_NN which_WDTR the_ATI University_NPL may_MD H29 229 find_VB convenient_JJ ._. H30 2 family_NN guide_NN to_IN autumn_NN footwear_NN ._. H30 3 ^ exciting_JJ colours_NNS ._. H30 4 ^ new_JJ toe_NN styles_NNS ._. H30 5 ^ a_AT partial_JJ retreat_NN from_IN the_ATI sharply-pointed_JJB H30 5 Italian_JNP toe_NN is_BEZ H30 6 indicated_VBN in_IN the_ATI autumn_NN footwear_NN presentations_NNS ._. H30 6 ^ taking_VBG a_AT look_NN H30 7 recently_RB at_IN the_ATI collection_NN from_IN \0CWS_NP factories_NNS H30 7 I_PP1A noted_VBD a_AT number_NN of_IN H30 8 interesting_JJ models_NNS with_IN the_ATI newer_JJR square_JJ toe_NN H30 8 ._. H30 9 ^ another_DT new_JJ style_NN feature_NN is_BEZ the_ATI wine-glass_NN H30 9 or_CC flared_JJ heel_NN ,_, which_WDTR H30 10 was_BEDZ shown_VBN teamed_VBN up_RP with_IN pointed_JJ ,_, squared_JJ H30 10 ,_, and_CC chisel_NN toes_NNS ._. H30 11 ^ colour_NN is_BEZ highly_RB important_JJ in_IN choosing_VBG H30 11 autumn_NN footwear_NN ._. ^ the_ATI H30 12 autumn_NN range_NN of_IN shades_NNS is_BEZ almost_RB bewildering_JJ ,_, H30 12 and_CC there_EX are_BER some_DTI H30 13 exciting_JJ new-comers_NNS ,_, such_IN as_IN" conker_NN calf_NN and_CC H30 13 charcoal_NN ,_, rocco_NN and_CC H30 14 Russian_JNP violet_NN ._. H30 15 ^ quite_ABL a_AT lot_NN of_IN attention_NN has_HVZ been_BEN paid_VBN H30 15 by_IN the_ATI designers_NNS to_IN H30 16 comfort_NN as_CC well_CC" as_CC" style_NN in_IN this_DT collection_NN H30 16 exclusively_RB created_VBN for_IN H30 17 Britain's_NP$ co-operative_JJ stores_NNS ._. ^ I_PP1A noted_VBD the_ATI H30 17 *'_*' bagged_JJ **'_**' toplines_NNS and_CC H30 18 tailored_JJ ankle_NN fittings_NNS ,_, exemplified_VBN in_IN a_AT H30 18 black_JJ calf_NN shoe_NN from_IN Norwich_NP H30 19 which_WDTR is_BEZ also_RB available_JJ in_IN tan_JJ calf_NN and_CC H30 19 mushroom_NN ._. H30 20 ^ the_ATI comfort_NN element_NN is_BEZ particularly_RB marked_JJ H30 20 in_IN the_ATI Elizabeth_NP shoe_NN H30 21 family_NN ,_, expressly_RB designed_VBN for_IN those_DTS of_IN us_PP1OS H30 21 whose_WP$R feet_NNS are_BER no_RB longer_RBR H30 22 youthful_JJ ,_, but_CC who_WPR nevertheless_RB like_VB to_TO be_BE H30 22 fashionably_RB shod_VBN ._. ^ none_PN of_IN H30 23 us_PP1OS could_MD ask_VB for_IN a_AT smarter_JJR number_NN ,_, for_IN H30 23 instance_NN ,_, than_IN a_AT black_JJ softie_NN H30 24 calf_NN shoe_NN with_IN a_AT cushioned_JJ heel_NN sock_NN ,_, arch_NN H30 24 support_NN ,_, and_CC elasticised_JJ H30 25 forepart_NN ._. ^ it_PP3 is_BEZ offered_VBN also_RB in_IN charcoal_NN H30 25 ._. H30 27 ^ for_IN younger_JJR feet_NNS the_ATI famous_JJ countrysider_NN H30 27 range_NN brings_VBZ in_RP the_ATI H30 28 casual_JJ ._. ^ gristle_NN soles_NNS and_CC chisel_NN toes_NNS are_BER H30 28 features_NNS here_RN ,_, as_CS in_IN an_AT H30 29 attractive_JJ model_NN in_IN dark_JJ green_NN and_CC maize_NN ._. ^ H30 29 these_DTS new_JJ countrysiders_NNS ,_, H30 30 with_IN their_PP$ up-to-the-minute_JJB fashion_NN features_NNS *-_*- H30 30 including_IN the_ATI H30 31 kidney-shaped_JJ toepiece_NN *-_*- are_BER likely_JJ to_TO retain_VB H30 31 their_PP$ popularity_NN with_IN H30 32 our_PP$ teenagers_NNS ._. H30 33 ^ fashion_NN these_DTS days_NNS is_BEZ as_QL apparent_JJ in_IN H30 33 male_JJ footwear_NN as_CS in_IN women's_NNS$ ,_, H30 34 and_CC this_DT collection_NN offered_VBD both_ABX square_JJ and_CC H30 34 chisel_NN toe_NN in_IN its_PP$ H30 35 stylings_NNS *-_*- and_CC here_RN again_RB colour_NN is_BEZ an_AT H30 35 essential_JJ fashion_NN feature_NN ._. H30 36 ^ interesting_JJ to_TO see_VB our_PP$ men_NNS breaking_VBG away_RP H30 36 from_IN those_DTS traditional_JJ H30 37 browns_NNS and_CC blacks_NNS into_IN more_QL interesting_JJ shades_NNS H30 37 *-_*- as_CS in_IN one_CD1 of_IN the_ATI new_JJ H30 38 Ardingtons_NPS shown_VBN in_IN the_ATI rich_JJ dark_JJ brown_NN H30 38 which_WDTR is_BEZ going_VBG to_TO be_BE one_CD1 of_IN H30 39 the_ATI autumn's_NN$ most_QL popular_JJ footwear_NN shades_NNS for_IN H30 39 men_NNS ._. H30 41 ^ as_CS in_IN the_ATI autumn_NN clothes_NNS collections_NNS I_PP1A H30 41 have_HV seen_VBN ,_, the_ATI young_JJ H30 42 folk's_NNS$ styles_NNS tend_VB to_TO be_BE junior_JJ editions_NNS of_IN H30 42 their_PP$ elders'_NNS$ ._. ^ for_IN the_ATI H30 43 girls_NNS ,_, toe_NN styles_NNS run_VB to_IN both_ABX the_ATI H30 43 medium_JJB pointed_JJ and_CC the_ATI chisel_NN ,_, and_CC H30 44 the_ATI maids'_NNS$ casuals_NNS incorporate_VB the_ATI kitten_NN H30 44 heel_NN ,_, bagged_JJ tops_NNS ,_, and_CC H30 45 chisel_NN toes_NNS ._. H30 46 ^ similarly_RB ,_, the_ATI boys'_NNS$ shoes_NNS reveal_VB the_ATI H30 46 new_JJ toe_NN shape_NN in_IN varying_JJ H30 47 degrees_NNS ,_, and_CC one_CD1 of_IN the_ATI Leeds_NP numbers_NNS H30 47 shown_VBN me_PP1O had_HVD a_AT vamp_NN decorated_VBN in_IN H30 48 Terylene_NP braid_NN ._. ^ more_QL modish_JJ still_RB was_BEDZ a_AT H30 48 pointed-toe_JJB model_NN with_IN a_AT H30 49 highly_RB masculine-looking_JJ buckle_NN ,_, and_CC resin_NN soled_JJ H30 49 ;_; and_CC a_AT rubber-soled_JJ H30 50 casual_NN in_IN the_ATI latest_JJT styling_NN ,_, unlined_JJ ,_, H30 50 with_IN elastic_JJ side_NN insertions_NNS H30 51 and_CC smooth_JJ saddle_NN running_NN across_IN the_ATI forepart_NN ._. H30 52 ^ *-_*- \0D.L.R_NP H30 53 ._. ^ bed-time_NN luxury_NN ._. H30 54 ^ eiderdowns_NNS are_BER slippery_JJ objects_NNS ,_, as_CS H30 54 restless_JJ nights_NNS are_BER only_RB H30 55 too_QL apt_JJ to_TO prove_VB ._. ^ to_TO keep_VB you_PP2 from_IN H30 55 being_BEG left_VBN in_IN the_ATI cold_NN by_IN these_DTS H30 56 unaccommodating_JJ articles_NNS the_ATI \0CWS_NP Pelaw_NP quilt_NN H30 56 factory_NN have_HV H30 57 introduced_VBN a_AT new_JJ item_NN into_IN their_PP$ range_NN ._. H30 58 ^ in_IN the_ATI past_NN they_PP3AS have_HV featured_VBN a_AT H30 58 large_JJ number_NN of_IN quilts_NNS with_IN H30 59 matching_JJ bedspreads_NNS ._. ^ now_RN they_PP3AS are_BER offering_VBG H30 59 you_PP2 the_ATI two_CD in_IN one_CD1 ,_, in_IN the_ATI H30 60 form_NN of_IN a_AT quilt_NN with_IN matching_JJ valance_NN attached_VBN H30 60 ._. ^ this_DT is_BEZ gusseted_JJ to_TO H30 61 ensure_VB a_AT snug_JJ fit_NN over_IN the_ATI pillows_NNS and_CC H30 61 the_ATI whole_NN has_HVZ the_ATI appearance_NN of_IN H30 62 an_AT eiderdown_NN covering_VBG a_AT bedspread_NN ._. H30 63 ^ for_IN sheer_JJB luxurious_JJ warmth_NN in_IN the_ATI middle_NN H30 63 of_IN winter_NN nothing_PN could_MD H30 64 compare_VB with_IN another_DT newcomer_NN to_IN the_ATI range_NN ,_, H30 64 a_AT continental_JJ style_NN quilt_NN ._. H30 65 ^ filled_VBN with_IN pure_JJ down_NN ,_, it_PP3 is_BEZ made_VBN in_IN H30 65 down-proof_JJ super_JJ cambric_NN H30 66 stitched_VBN into_IN four_CD panels_NNS ._. H30 67 ^ there_EX is_BEZ no_ATI danger_NN of_IN this_DT slipping_VBG off_IN H30 67 the_ATI bed_NN for_CS it_PP3 folds_VBZ H30 68 cosily_RB around_IN you_PP2 as_CS you_PP2 turn_VB ._. H30 69 ^ the_ATI price_NN of_IN about_RB 14_CD guineas_NNS may_MD appear_VB H30 69 high_JJ ,_, but_CC this_DT quilt_NN is_BEZ H30 70 designed_VBN to_TO last_VB a_AT lifetime_NN ._. ^ you_PP2 can_MD H30 70 choose_VB from_IN a_AT colour_NN range_NN of_IN H30 71 rose_NN ,_, gold_NN ,_, green_NN ,_, blue_NN ,_, and_CC beige_NN ,_, H30 71 all_ABN piped_VBN with_IN white_NN ._. H30 72 ^ during_IN the_ATI past_JJB two_CD years_NNS washable_JJ quilts_NNS H30 72 in_IN man-made_JJ fibres_NNS have_HV H30 73 come_VBN to_IN the_ATI fore_NN ._. ^ the_ATI Pelaw_NP range_NN H30 73 includes_VBZ printed_JJ nylons_NNS ,_, Terylenes_NPS H30 74 and_CC Tricels_NPS ,_, all_ABN with_IN Tricel_NP or_CC Terylene_NP H30 74 fillings_NNS ._. ^ these_DTS with_IN their_PP$ H30 75 flower-scattered_JJ designs_NNS would_MD add_VB glamour_NN to_IN H30 75 any_DTI bedroom_NN ._. H30 76 ^ a_AT dainty_JJ rose_NN pattern_NN is_BEZ used_VBN for_IN a_AT H30 76 printed_JJ Tricel_NP quilt_NN with_IN H30 77 frilled_JJ edge_NN and_CC plain_JJ Tricel_NP back_NN ._. ^ this_DT H30 77 delightful_JJ model_NN can_MD be_BE H30 78 bought_VBN in_IN rose_NN ,_, gold_NN ,_, blue_NN ,_, and_CC lilac_NN H30 78 ,_, and_CC costs_NNS about_RB *+5_NNU 7_CD \0s_NNU 6_CD \0d_NNU H30 80 ._. ^ another_DT pretty_JJ quilt_NN with_IN printed_JJ Terylene_NP H30 80 front_NN and_CC plain_JJ H30 81 nylon_NN frill_NN and_CC back_NN sells_VBZ for_IN about_RB *+6_NNU H30 81 12_CD \0s_NNU ._. ^ the_ATI colours_NNS available_JJ H30 82 are_BER rose_NN ,_, blue_NN ,_, gold_NN ,_, and_CC cerise_NN ._. H30 83 ^ the_ATI traditionally_RB styled_JJ quilts_NNS are_BER still_RB H30 83 highly_RB popular_JJ ,_, and_CC are_BER H30 84 harder_JJR wearing_JJR" than_IN those_DTS made_VBN from_IN man-made_JJ H30 84 fibres_NNS ._. ^ an_AT attractive_JJ H30 85 model_NN in_IN embroidered_JJ crepe_NN with_IN ruched_JJ centre_NN H30 85 and_CC scalloped_JJ edge_NN is_BEZ H30 86 made_VBN in_IN dark_JJ rose_NN ,_, light_JJ rose_NN ,_, gold_NN ,_, H30 86 green_NN ,_, blue_NN ,_, oyster_NN ,_, wine_NN ,_, and_CC H30 87 lavender_NN ._. ^ it_PP3 has_HVZ a_AT feather_NN filling_NN and_CC H30 87 down-proof_JJ back_NN and_CC the_ATI price_NN H30 88 is_BEZ about_RB *+7_NNU 10_CD \0s_NNU 6_CD \0d_NNU H30 89 ._. ^ a_AT reversible_JJ quilt_NN in_IN rose_NN ,_, beige_NN ,_, H30 89 green_NN ,_, blue_NN ,_, wine_NN ,_, or_CC black_NN ,_, H30 90 is_BEZ extremely_RB reasonably_RB priced_VBN at_IN *+3_NNU 16_CD H30 90 \0s_NNU 6_CD \0d_NNU ._. ^ this_DT H30 91 feather-filled_JJ model_NN is_BEZ in_IN down-proof_JJ cambric_NN ._. H30 92 ^ all_ABN prices_NNS given_VBN are_BER for_IN double-bed_JJB size_NN H30 92 ._. H30 93 ^ grandmothers-to-be_NNS should_MD make_VB a_AT note_NN to_TO H30 93 look_VB at_IN the_ATI pretty_JJ range_NN H30 94 of_IN pram_NN sets_NNS in_IN nylon_NN with_IN Terylene_NP fillings_NNS H30 94 ._. ^ these_DTS have_HV delicate_JJ H30 95 designs_NNS on_IN the_ATI covers_NNS and_CC plain_JJ matching_JJ H30 95 pillow-cases_NNS ._. ^ the_ATI prices_NNS H30 96 range_VB from_IN about_RB *+1_NNU 14_CD \0s_NNU 6_CD \0d_NNU to_IN H30 96 *+2_NNU ,_, and_CC the_ATI colours_NNS are_BER pink_NN ,_, H30 97 sky_NN ,_, ivory_NN ,_, and_CC lemon_NN ._. H30 98 ^ shirts_NNS are_BER his_PP$ business_NN ._. H30 99 ^ says_VBZ Robert_NP Pemberton_NP ._. H30 100 ^ are_BER you_PP2 still_RB wearing_VBG a_AT shirt_NN with_IN H30 100 separate_JJ collars_NNS and_CC a_AT H30 101 closed_JJ front_NN ,_, \0Mr_NPT Grundy_NP ?_? ^ if_CS you_PP2 are_BER H30 101 you_PP2 can_MD count_VB yourself_PPL as_IN H30 102 rather_ABL a_AT *'_*' square_NN ,_, **'_**' as_CS young_JJ Ron_NP H30 102 would_MD put_VB it_PP3 in_IN his_PP$ jargon_NN ._. H30 103 ^ in_IN other_AP words_NNS you_PP2 are_BER a_RB little_RB" H30 103 old-fashioned_JJ ,_, because_CS 90_CD out_RP of_IN H30 104 every_AT 100_CD males_NNS are_BER wearing_VBG the_ATI H30 104 collar-attached_JJB tunic_NN shirt_NN ._. ^ the_ATI H30 105 non-iron_JJB and_CC drip-dry_JJ are_BER also_RB highly_RB favoured_VBN H30 105 nowadays_RB ._. ^ where_WRB H30 106 ironing_NN is_BEZ necessary_JJ the_ATI busy_JJ housewife_NN finds_VBZ H30 106 it_PP3 much_RB easier_JJR to_TO make_VB a_AT H30 107 good_JJ job_NN of_IN pressing_VBG the_ATI open-front_JJB type_NN of_IN H30 107 shirt_NN ._. H30 108 ^ I_PP1A was_BEDZ told_VBN this_DT during_IN an_AT interesting_JJ H30 108 chat_NN I_PP1A had_HVD with_IN \0Mr_NPT \0R_NP H30 109 Hunt_NP ,_, who_WPR manages_VBZ the_ATI \0CWS_NP shirt_NN ,_, pyjama_NN H30 109 ,_, and_CC overall_NN group_NN of_IN H30 110 five_CD factories_NNS at_IN Broughton_NP ,_, Pelaw_NP ,_, Cardiff_NP H30 110 ,_, Sheffield_NP ,_, and_CC Reading_NP ._. H30 111 ^ *'_*' men_NNS are_BER not_XNOT as_QL colour-conscious_JJ as_IN H30 111 women_NNS ,_, **'_**' \0Mr_NPT Hunt_NP told_VBD H30 112 me_PP1O ,_, *'_*' and_CC they_PP3AS are_BER inclined_VBN to_TO be_BE H30 112 more_QL conservative_JJ as_CS they_PP3AS grow_VB H30 113 older_JJR ._. ^ there_EX is_BEZ always_RB a_AT big_JJ demand_NN for_IN H30 113 white_NN ,_, checks_NNS are_BER called_VBN for_IN H30 114 quite_ABL a_AT lot_NN ,_, especially_RB by_IN the_ATI younger_JJR H30 114 men_NNS ,_, and_CC there_EX is_BEZ an_AT indication_NN H30 115 of_IN a_AT return_NN to_IN stripes_NNS ._. ^ pastel_JJ shades_NNS H30 115 have_HV lost_VBN some_DTI of_IN their_PP$ H30 116 popularity_NN ._. **'_**' H30 118 ^ until_CS I_PP1A toured_VBD the_ATI Broughton_NP factory_NN I_PP1A H30 118 never_RB realised_VBD how_WRB H30 119 much_AP research_NN and_CC planning_NN goes_VBZ into_IN the_ATI H30 119 making_NN of_IN a_AT top-class_JJB shirt_NN H30 120 such_IN as_IN" those_DTS made_VBN at_IN the_ATI \0CWS's_NP$ H30 120 Broughton_NP ,_, Pelaw_NP ,_, and_CC Cardiff_NP H30 121 factories_NNS ._. H30 122 ^ so_QL many_AP synthetic_JJ materials_NNS ,_, such_IN as_IN" H30 122 nylons_NNS ,_, Terylene_NP ,_, Acrilan_NP ,_, H30 123 and_CC rayon_NN ,_, are_BER used_VBN in_IN the_ATI manufacture_NN of_IN H30 123 shirts_NNS that_CS extra_JJ care_NN has_HVZ H30 124 to_TO be_BE taken_VBN to_TO ensure_VB that_CS the_ATI inter-linings_NNS H30 124 and_CC the_ATI sewing_NN cotton_NN H30 125 shrink_VB in_IN the_ATI same_AP ratio_NN as_IN the_ATI main_JJB H30 125 fabric_NN ._. H30 126 ^ *'_*' in_IN my_PP$ long_JJ experience_NN in_IN the_ATI trade_NN H30 126 there_EX have_HV never_RB been_BEN as_QL H30 127 many_AP technical_JJ and_CC scientific_JJ problems_NNS as_CS there_EX H30 127 are_BER today_NR ,_, **'_**' said_VBD H30 128 \0Mr_NPT Hunt_NP ._. ^ *'_*' in_IN the_ATI production_NN of_IN H30 128 drip-dry_JJ shirts_NNS the_ATI collar_NN H30 129 inter-linings_NNS are_BER treated_VBN with_IN a_AT water_NN H30 129 repellant_NN ,_, and_CC new_JJ types_NNS of_IN H30 130 inter-linings_NNS have_HV had_HVN to_TO be_BE introduced_VBN for_IN H30 130 the_ATI shirts_NNS manufactured_VBN H30 131 from_IN man-made_JJ fibres_NNS ._. **'_**' H30 132 ^ everything_PN is_BEZ done_VBN methodically_RB and_CC thoroughly_RB H30 132 to_TO get_VB the_ATI best_JJT H30 133 results_NNS ._. ^ for_IN instance_NN ,_, as_QL many_AP as_IN 500_CD H30 133 prototypes_NNS of_IN the_ATI collar_NN of_IN the_ATI H30 134 well-known_JJ Lestar_NP shirt_NN were_BED produced_VBN ,_, washed_VBN H30 134 ,_, and_CC tested_VBN for_IN wear_NN H30 135 until_CS the_ATI near-perfect_JJB collar_NN was_BEDZ discovered_VBN ._. H30 136 ^ and_CC there_EX is_BEZ no_ATI resting_VBG on_IN their_PP$ H30 136 laurels_NNS ._. ^ while_CS the_ATI Lestar_NP shirt_NN H30 137 has_HVZ been_BEN an_AT outstanding_JJ success_NN for_IN some_DTI H30 137 time_NN ,_, modifications_NNS are_BER made_VBN H30 138 when_WRB necessary_JJ to_TO improve_VB it_PP3 and_CC keep_VB it_PP3 H30 138 right_RB on_IN top_NN ._. H30 139 ^ no_ATI other_AP manufacturer_NN makes_VBZ such_ABL a_AT wide_JJ H30 139 variety_NN of_IN shirts_NNS as_IN the_ATI H30 140 \0CWS_NP ._. ^ society_NN shirts_NNS are_BER made_VBN to_TO please_VB H30 140 all_ABN types_NNS of_IN wearer_NN ,_, from_IN H30 141 the_ATI artisan_NN to_IN the_ATI executive_NN ,_, and_CC for_IN all_ABN H30 141 occasions_NNS ._. H30 142 ^ it_PP3 does_DOZ n't_XNOT matter_VB either_RB whether_CS you_PP2 H30 142 are_BER a_AT giant_NN or_CC a_AT dwarf_NN ,_, your_PP$ H30 143 co-operative_JJ society_NN can_MD fit_VB you_PP2 out_RP with_IN a_AT H30 143 \0CWS_NP shirt_NN ._. ^ the_ATI H30 144 Broughton_NP was_BEDZ recently_RB called_VBN upon_IN for_IN a_AT H30 144 shirt_NN with_IN a_AT 22_CD 1/2_CD \0in_NNU H30 145 collar_NN and_CC a_AT 66_CD \0in_NNU chest_NN measurement_NN ._. H30 147 ^ all_ABN the_ATI latest_JJT machines_NNS and_CC gadgets_NNS for_IN H30 147 doing_VBG the_ATI job_NN H30 148 speedily_RB and_CC efficiently_RB can_MD be_BE found_VBN at_IN the_ATI H30 148 factories_NNS ,_, and_CC it_PP3 is_BEZ H30 149 obvious_JJ ,_, after_IN seeing_VBG them_PP3OS at_IN work_NN in_IN H30 149 the_ATI bright_JJ and_CC modern_JJ Broughton_NP H30 150 factory_NN ,_, that_CS there_EX are_BER no_ATI more_QL skilful_JJ H30 150 operatives_NNS than_IN the_ATI girls_NNS and_CC H30 151 men_NNS who_WPR make_VB the_ATI popular_JJ society_NN shirts_NNS H30 151 under_IN their_PP$ various_JJ brand_NN H30 152 names_NNS ._. H30 153 ^ in_IN making_VBG two_CD million_CD garments_NNS a_AT year_NN H30 153 4,000_CD miles_NNS of_IN cloth_NN are_BER H30 154 used_VBN *-_*- 70_CD per_NNU cent_NNU" of_IN it_PP3 from_IN \0CWS_NP H30 154 mills_NNS ._. ^ the_ATI factories_NNS require_VB H30 155 146,000_CD miles_NNS of_IN sewing_NN cotton_NN ,_, 13_CD million_CD H30 155 buttons_NNS ,_, 12_CD million_CD pins_NNS ,_, 1_CD1 H30 156 1/2_CD million_CD transparent_JJ bags_NNS ,_, and_CC 500,000_CD H30 156 boxes_NNS ._. H30 157 ^ not_XNOT too_QL old_JJ at_IN 40_CD ._. H30 158 ^ old_JJ people_NNS are_BER younger_JJR today_NR !_! ^ you_PP2 H30 158 have_HV only_RB to_TO look_VB around_RP H30 159 to_TO realise_VB that_CS they_PP3AS have_HV moved_VBN with_IN the_ATI H30 159 times_NNS just_RB as_QL much_RB as_IN the_ATI H30 160 younger_JJR generation_NN ._. H30 161 ^ most_AP middle-aged_JJ folk_NNS can_MD well_RB remember_VB the_ATI H30 161 days_NNS when_WRB their_PP$ H30 162 mothers_NNS and_CC grandmothers_NNS dressed_VBD in_IN sober_JJ hues_NNS H30 162 ,_, usually_RB black_NN ._. ^ life_NN H30 163 stopped_VBD at_IN 50_CD and_CC old_JJ age_NN began_VBD ._. ^ old_JJ H30 163 ladies_NNS walked_VBD with_IN sticks_NNS and_CC H30 164 often_RB wore_VBD veils_NNS ._. ^ if_CS they_PP3AS wore_VBD anything_PN H30 164 colourful_JJ it_PP3 was_BEDZ confined_VBN to_IN H30 165 a_AT touch_NN of_IN white_NN round_IN the_ATI collar_NN ._. H30 166 ^ what_WDT a_AT change_NN since_IN then_RN !_! ^ grannies_NNS H30 166 dress_VB as_QL brightly_RB as_IN their_PP$ H30 167 daughters_NNS these_DTS days_NNS ,_, and_CC a_AT jolly_RB good_JJ H30 167 thing_NN ,_, too_RB ._. ^ mothers_NNS look_VB just_RB H30 168 as_QL charming_JJ as_IN their_PP$ offspring_NN and_CC often_RB H30 168 nearly_RB as_QL young_JJ ._. ^ statistics_NNS ,_, H30 169 too_RB ,_, show_VB that_CS people_NNS are_BER living_VBG longer_RBR ._. H30 169 ^ a_AT brighter_JJR outlook_NN on_IN life_NN H30 170 plus_IN ,_, of_RB course_RB" ,_, many_AP far-reaching_JJ advances_NNS H30 170 in_IN medicine_NN ,_, is_BEZ partly_RB H30 171 responsible_JJ ._. H30 172 ^ but_CC as_CS older_JJR people_NNS keep_VB younger_JJR so_RB H30 172 does_DOZ the_ATI need_NN for_IN finding_VBG H30 173 suitable_JJ occupations_NNS for_IN them_PP3OS increase_VB ._. ^ H30 173 there_EX is_BEZ nothing_PN more_QL H30 174 frustrating_JJ than_CS to_TO feel_VB unwanted_JJ ._. ^ in_IN this_DT H30 174 modern_JJ world_NN with_IN its_PP$ full_JJ H30 175 employment_NN and_CC ,_, indeed_RB ,_, its_PP$ clamour_NN for_IN H30 175 more_AP and_CC more_AP people_NNS to_TO fill_VB a_AT H30 176 wide_JJ variety_NN of_IN jobs_NNS ,_, the_ATI older_JJR person_NN H30 176 has_HVZ much_AP to_TO offer_VB the_ATI H30 177 community_NN ._. H30 179 ^ although_CS the_ATI advertisement_NN columns_NNS of_IN the_ATI H30 179 papers_NNS sometimes_RB admit_VB H30 180 this_DT with_IN their_PP$ invitation_NN *'_*' age_NN immaterial_JJ H30 180 **'_**' there_EX is_BEZ still_RB in_IN some_DTI H30 181 quarters_NNS a_AT reluctance_NN to_TO recognise_VB that_CS *'_*' too_QL H30 181 old_JJ at_IN forty_CD **'_**' is_BEZ a_AT H30 182 very_QL out-dated_JJ tag_NN for_IN these_DTS times_NNS ._. ^ while_CS H30 182 people_NNS are_BER fit_JJ and_CC well_JJ the_ATI H30 183 world_NN has_HVZ much_AP use_NN for_IN them_PP3OS ._. H30 184 ^ that_DT is_BEZ why_WRB this_DT month's_NN$ home_NR magazine_NN H30 184 includes_VBZ an_AT important_JJ H30 185 article_NN on_IN the_ATI work_NN of_IN the_ATI over_IN forty-fives_CDS H30 185 association_NN which_WDTR ,_, in_IN the_ATI H30 186 words_NNS of_IN one_CD1 of_IN its_PP$ officials_NNS ,_, regards_VBZ H30 186 a_AT man_NN of_IN 45_CD as_IN *'_*' a_AT mere_JJB H30 187 chicken_NN **'_**' and_CC has_HVZ found_VBN work_NN for_IN people_NNS H30 187 as_QL old_JJ as_IN 80_CD ._. H30 188 ^ it_PP3 is_BEZ an_AT unfortunate_JJ aspect_NN of_IN the_ATI H30 188 otherwise_RB excellent_JJ pension_NN H30 189 arrangements_NNS which_WDTR many_AP firms_NNS offer_VB today_NR that_CS H30 189 they_PP3AS frequently_RB do_DO not_XNOT H30 190 allow_VB for_IN employment_NN of_IN older_JJR people_NNS ._. ^ with_IN H30 190 everyone_PN now_RN enjoying_VBG a_AT H30 191 state_NN pension_NN when_WRB they_PP3AS reach_VB the_ATI necessary_JJ H30 191 age_NN ,_, it_PP3 should_MD not_XNOT be_BE H30 192 impossible_JJ to_TO find_VB a_AT solution_NN to_IN the_ATI problem_NN H30 192 of_IN individual_JJ schemes_NNS ._. H30 194 ^ not_XNOT only_RB have_HV older_JJR people_NNS much_AP to_TO H30 194 offer_VB ,_, they_PP3AS find_VB many_AP benefits_NNS H30 195 themselves_PPLS in_IN continuing_VBG to_TO work_VB ,_, providing_CS H30 195 their_PP$ health_NN is_BEZ good_JJ H30 196 enough_QLP ._. ^ the_ATI contact_NN with_IN younger_JJR people_NNS ,_, H30 196 the_ATI feeling_NN that_CS they_PP3AS are_BER H30 197 playing_VBG a_AT part_NN in_IN the_ATI world_NN around_IN them_PP3OS H30 197 ,_, the_ATI interest_NN their_PP$ work_NN can_MD H30 198 hold_VB for_IN them_PP3OS *-_*- all_ABN are_BER valuable_JJ aids_NNS H30 198 to_IN a_AT complete_JJ and_CC happy_JJ life_NN ._. H30 199 ^ those_DTS who_WPR are_BER in_IN a_AT position_NN to_TO engage_VB H30 199 staff_NN might_MD well_RB think_VB of_IN these_DTS H30 200 factors_NNS when_WRB they_PP3AS next_RB fill_VB a_AT position_NN ._. H30 201 ^ meanwhile_RB home_NR magazine_NN offers_VBZ you_PP2 this_DT H30 201 month_NN its_PP$ usual_JJ rich_JJ H30 202 variety_NN ,_, including_IN Mary_NP Langham's_NP$ recipes_NNS to_TO H30 202 keep_VB you_PP2 well_RB ahead_RB in_IN H30 203 your_PP$ Christmas_NP preparations_NNS ._. H30 204 ^ the_ATI editor_NN H30 205 ._. ^ housewives'_NNS$ club_NN ._. H30 206 ^ shop_NN sleuth_NN brings_VBZ you_PP2 bargains_NNS for_IN your_PP$ H30 206 Christmas_NP shopping_NN H30 207 list_NN ._. ^ all_ABN items_NNS are_BER available_JJ through_IN H30 207 your_PP$ local_JJ co-operative_JJ H30 208 society_NN ._. ^ for_IN further_JJB details_NNS write_VB to_IN H30 208 housewives'_NNS$ club_NN ,_, home_NR H30 209 magazine_NN ,_, 1_CD1 Balloon_NP \0St_NPL ,_, Manchester_NP 4_CD ,_, H30 209 enclosing_VBG a_AT stamped_JJ H30 210 addressed_JJ envelope_NN ._. H30 211 ^ ready-packed_JJ in_IN a_AT Christmas_NP stocking_NN is_BEZ a_AT H30 211 tool_NN kit_NN H30 212 containing_VBG a_AT 6_CD \0oz_NNU hammer_NN ,_, a_AT plastic_NN H30 212 handled_VBN screwdriver_NN ,_, trimming_NN H30 213 knife_NN and_CC three_CD blades_NNS ,_, bradawl_NN ,_, card_NN of_IN H30 213 fuse_NN wire_NN ,_, and_CC one_CD1 packet_NN H30 214 each_DT of_IN assorted_JJ screws_NNS and_CC panel_NN pins_NNS ._.