D02 002 001 (     [
D02 002 010 NP    Open
D02 002 020 NPL   University
D02 002 021 *-    -
D02 002 030 NNP   Science
D02 002 040 CC    and
D02 002 050 NNP   Belief
D02 002 051 )     ]
D02 003 001 (     [
D02 003 010 NPT   Dr
D02 003 020 NP    Robert
D02 003 030 NP    Fox
D02 003 031 )     ]
D02 005 010 ATI   the
D02 005 020 OD    eighteenth
D02 005 030 NN    century
D02 005 040 IN    in
D02 005 050 NP    France
D02 005 060 BEDZ  was
D02 005 070 AT    an
D02 005 080 NN    age
D02 005 090 IN    of
D02 005 100 NN    reason
D02 005 101 .     .
D02 006 001 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 006 010 PP3   it
D02 006 020 BEDZ  was
D02 006 030 AT    an
D02 006 040 NN    age
D02 006 050 IN    in
D02 006 060 WDT   which
D02 006 070 JJ    certain
D02 006 080 JNP   French
D02 006 090 NNS   philosophers
D02 006 100 VBD   sought
D02 007 010 TO    to
D02 007 020 VB    extend
D02 007 030 IN    to
D02 007 040 ABN   all
D02 007 050 NNS   areas
D02 007 060 IN    of
D02 007 070 JJ    human
D02 007 080 NN    activity
D02 007 090 ATI   the
D02 007 100 NN    ideal
D02 007 110 WP    which
D02 008 010 HVD   had
D02 008 020 BEN   been
D02 008 030 QL    so
D02 008 040 JJ    successful
D02 008 050 IN    in
D02 008 060 ATI   the
D02 008 070 JJ    scientific
D02 008 080 NN    movement
D02 008 090 IN    of
D02 008 100 ATI   the
D02 009 010 OD    seventeenth
D02 009 020 NN    century
D02 009 021 :     :
D02 009 030 NN    rationality
D02 009 040 VBN   tempered
D02 009 050 IN    by
D02 009 060 NN    empiricism
D02 009 061 .     .
D02 010 001 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 010 010 ATI   the
D02 010 011 *'    '
D02 010 020 NNS   philosophes
D02 010 021 **'   '
D02 010 022 ,     ,
D02 010 030 CS    as
D02 010 040 DTS   these
D02 010 050 JNP   French
D02 010 060 NNS   philosophers
D02 010 070 BED   were
D02 010 080 VBN   called
D02 010 081 ,     ,
D02 010 090 VBD   set
D02 011 010 RP    out
D02 011 020 TO    to
D02 011 030 VB    free
D02 011 040 ATI   the
D02 011 050 NNS   minds
D02 011 060 IN    of
D02 011 070 NNS   men
D02 011 080 IN    from
D02 011 090 NN    cant
D02 011 091 ,     ,
D02 011 100 NN    superstition
D02 011 101 ,     ,
D02 011 110 CC    and
D02 011 120 ATI   the
D02 012 010 NNS   shackles
D02 012 020 IN    of
D02 012 030 NN    tradition
D02 012 040 CC    and
D02 012 050 NN    authority
D02 012 051 ,     ,
D02 012 060 CS    whether
D02 012 070 ATI   the
D02 012 080 NN    authority
D02 013 010 BEDZ  was
D02 013 020 IN    in
D02 013 030 NN    science
D02 013 031 ,     ,
D02 013 040 NNS   metaphysics
D02 013 041 ,     ,
D02 013 050 NN    politics
D02 013 051 ,     ,
D02 013 060 CC    or
D02 013 070 NN    religion
D02 013 071 .     .
D02 013 072 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 013 080 ATI   the
D02 013 090 NN    movement
D02 014 010 PP3AS they
D02 014 020 VBD   created
D02 014 030 HVZ   has
D02 014 040 VBN   become
D02 014 050 JJ    famous
D02 014 060 IN    as
D02 014 061 *'    '
D02 014 070 ATI   the
D02 014 080 NNP   Enlightenment
D02 014 081 **'   '
D02 014 082 .     .
D02 014 083 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 014 090 RB    briefly
D02 014 091 ,     ,
D02 015 010 PP$   their
D02 015 020 NN    idea
D02 015 030 BEDZ  was
D02 015 040 CS    that
D02 015 050 NNS   men
D02 015 060 MD    should
D02 015 070 BE    be
D02 015 080 JJ    free
D02 015 090 ABX   both
D02 015 100 RB    intellectually
D02 016 010 CC    and
D02 016 020 IN    in
D02 016 030 ATI   the
D02 016 040 JJ    daily
D02 016 050 NN    conduct
D02 016 060 IN    of
D02 016 070 PP$   their
D02 016 080 NNS   lives
D02 016 081 ;     ;
D02 016 090 CC    and
D02 016 100 ATI   the
D02 016 110 NNS   works
D02 016 120 IN    of
D02 016 130 ABN   all
D02 016 140 IN    of
D02 017 010 PP3OS them
D02 017 011 *-    -
D02 017 020 NP    Montesquieu
D02 017 021 ,     ,
D02 017 030 NP    Voltaire
D02 017 031 ,     ,
D02 017 040 NP    Diderot
D02 017 041 ,     ,
D02 017 050 NP    d'Alembert
D02 017 051 ,     ,
D02 017 060 NP    Holbach
D02 017 061 *-    -
D02 017 070 HV    have
D02 017 080 ATI   the
D02 018 010 NN    air
D02 018 020 IN    of
D02 018 030 AT    a
D02 018 040 NN    crusade
D02 018 050 IN    against
D02 018 060 NN    ignorance
D02 018 061 ,     ,
D02 018 070 NN    injustice
D02 018 071 ,     ,
D02 018 080 CC    and
D02 018 090 NN    intolerance
D02 018 091 .     .
D02 020 001 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 020 010 DT    this
D02 020 020 BEZ   is
D02 020 030 RN    nowhere
D02 020 040 QL    more
D02 020 050 JJ    evident
D02 020 060 IN    than
D02 020 070 IN    in
D02 020 080 ATI   the
D02 020 090 JJ    great
D02 020 091 *'    '
D02 020 100 NNP   Encyclopedia
D02 020 101 **'   '
D02 020 102 ,     ,
D02 021 010 VBN   published
D02 021 020 IN    in
D02 021 030 CD    twenty-eight
D02 021 040 JJ    huge
D02 021 050 NN    folio
D02 021 060 NNS   volumes
D02 021 070 IN    between
D02 021 080 CD    seventeen
D02 022 010 CD    fifty-one
D02 022 020 CC    and
D02 022 030 CD    seventeen
D02 022 040 CD    seventy-two
D02 022 041 .     .
D02 022 042 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 022 050 ATI   the
D02 022 060 NNP   Encyclopedia
D02 023 010 VBD   epitomised
D02 023 020 ATI   the
D02 023 030 NN    thought
D02 023 040 IN    of
D02 023 050 ATI   the
D02 023 060 NNS   philosophes
D02 023 061 .     .
D02 023 062 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 023 070 RB    indeed
D02 023 071 ,     ,
D02 023 080 PP3   it
D02 023 090 BEDZ  was
D02 023 100 VBN   conceived
D02 024 010 IN    by
D02 024 020 CD    two
D02 024 030 IN    of
D02 024 040 PP3OS them
D02 024 041 *-    -
D02 024 050 NP    Diderot
D02 024 060 CC    and
D02 024 070 NP    d'Alembert
D02 024 071 *-    -
D02 024 080 CC    and
D02 024 090 AP    several
D02 024 100 APS   others
D02 024 110 BED   were
D02 025 010 IN    among
D02 025 020 ATI   the
D02 025 030 NNS   contributors
D02 025 031 .     .
D02 025 032 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 025 040 IN    like
D02 025 050 AP    most
D02 025 060 NNS   encyclopedias
D02 025 061 ,     ,
D02 025 070 PP3   it
D02 025 080 BEDZ  was
D02 025 090 VBN   written
D02 026 010 TO    to
D02 026 020 VB    convey
D02 026 030 NNS   truths
D02 026 031 *-    -
D02 026 040 CC    but
D02 026 050 NNS   truths
D02 026 060 VBN   arrived
D02 026 070 RP    at
D02 026 080 IN    in
D02 026 090 ATI   the
D02 026 100 AP    only
D02 026 110 NN    way
D02 026 120 CS    that
D02 027 010 ATI   the
D02 027 020 NNS   philosophes
D02 027 030 VBD   thought
D02 027 040 PP3   it
D02 027 050 JJ    possible
D02 027 051 :     :
D02 027 060 TO    to
D02 027 070 VB    acquire
D02 027 080 JJ    certain
D02 027 090 NN    knowledge
D02 028 010 IN    by
D02 028 020 NN    reason
D02 028 030 CC    and
D02 028 040 NN    experience
D02 028 041 .     .
D02 028 042 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 028 050 CS    as
D02 028 060 PP2   you
D02 028 070 MD    might
D02 028 080 VB    expect
D02 028 081 ,     ,
D02 028 090 NN    science
D02 028 100 CC    and
D02 029 010 NN    technology
D02 029 020 BED   were
D02 029 030 JJ    prominent
D02 029 031 ,     ,
D02 029 040 CC    but
D02 029 050 CS    if
D02 029 060 ATI   the
D02 029 070 NNP   Encyclopedia
D02 029 080 HVD   had
D02 029 090 BEN   been
D02 030 010 RB    no
D02 030 020 RBR   more
D02 030 030 IN    than
D02 030 040 AT    a
D02 030 050 NN    compendium
D02 030 060 IN    of
D02 030 070 JJ    scientific
D02 030 080 CC    and
D02 030 090 JJ    technological
D02 031 010 NN    information
D02 031 011 ,     ,
D02 031 020 PP3   it
D02 031 030 MD    would                     >
D02 031 031 XNOT  n't                       <
D02 031 040 HV    have
D02 031 050 VBN   caused
D02 031 060 ATI   the
D02 031 070 NN    stir
D02 031 080 WP    that
D02 031 090 PP3   it
D02 031 100 DOD   did
D02 031 110 VB    cause
D02 031 111 .     .
D02 032 001 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 032 010 ATI   the
D02 032 020 NNS   articles
D02 032 030 WP    that
D02 032 040 VBD   made
D02 032 050 PP3   it
D02 032 060 AT    a
D02 032 070 NN    sensation
D02 032 080 IN    in
D02 032 090 AT    every
D02 032 100 JNP   Parisian
D02 032 110 NN    salon
D02 033 010 BED   were
D02 033 020 XNOT  not
D02 033 030 DTS   those
D02 033 040 IN    on
D02 033 050 NN    science
D02 033 051 ,     ,
D02 033 060 CC    but
D02 033 070 DTS   those
D02 033 080 WP    that
D02 033 090 VBD   touched
D02 033 100 IN    on
D02 033 110 NN    authority
D02 033 111 ,     ,
D02 034 010 RB    particularly
D02 034 020 IN    in
D02 034 030 JJ    political
D02 034 040 CC    and
D02 034 050 JJ    religious
D02 034 060 NNS   matters
D02 034 061 .     .
D02 034 062 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 034 070 NNS   pleas
D02 034 080 IN    for
D02 035 010 NN    equity
D02 035 020 CC    and
D02 035 030 NN    toleration
D02 035 040 VBD   abounded
D02 035 050 IN    in
D02 035 060 ATI   the
D02 035 070 NNP   Encyclopedia
D02 035 071 ,     ,
D02 035 080 CC    and
D02 035 090 PP3   it                        >
D02 035 091 BEZ   's                        <
D02 036 010 ATI   no
D02 036 020 NN    wonder
D02 036 030 CS    that
D02 036 040 EX    there
D02 036 050 BED   were
D02 036 060 JJ    numerous
D02 036 070 NNS   attempts
D02 036 080 TO    to
D02 036 090 VB    suppress
D02 036 100 PP3   it
D02 036 110 IN    in
D02 037 010 NP    France
D02 037 011 ,     ,
D02 037 020 RB    especially
D02 037 030 IN    on
D02 037 040 ATI   the
D02 037 050 NN    part
D02 037 060 IN    of
D02 037 070 DTS   those
D02 037 080 JJ    authoritarian
D02 037 090 NNS   elements
D02 038 010 IN    within
D02 038 020 ATI   the
D02 038 030 NN    church
D02 038 040 WP$   whose
D02 038 050 NNS   abuses
D02 038 060 PP3   it
D02 038 070 QL    so
D02 038 080 RB    tellingly
D02 038 090 VBD   attacked
D02 038 091 .     .
D02 040 001 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 040 010 PP3   it                        >
D02 040 011 BEZ   's                        <
D02 040 020 JJ    important
D02 040 030 TO    to
D02 040 040 VB    begin
D02 040 050 DTI   any
D02 040 060 NN    discussion
D02 040 070 IN    of
D02 040 080 ATI   the
D02 040 090 NNS   philosophes
D02 040 100 IN    by
D02 041 010 VBG   stressing
D02 041 020 ATI   the
D02 041 030 JJ    common
D02 041 040 NN    ground
D02 041 050 WP    which
D02 041 060 PP3AS they
D02 041 070 VBD   shared
D02 041 071 *-    -
D02 041 080 QL    most
D02 041 090 RB    obviously
D02 042 010 IN    in
D02 042 020 PP$   their
D02 042 030 NN    scepticism
D02 042 040 IN    about
D02 042 050 ATI   the
D02 042 060 NNS   forms
D02 042 070 CC    and
D02 042 080 NNS   rituals
D02 042 090 IN    of
D02 042 100 JJ    traditional
D02 043 010 NNP   Christianity
D02 043 011 .     .
D02 043 012 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 043 020 RB    yet
D02 043 030 EX    there
D02 043 040 BED   were
D02 043 050 JJ    important
D02 043 060 NNS   differences
D02 043 070 IN    between
D02 043 080 PP3OS them
D02 043 081 ,     ,
D02 044 010 CC    and
D02 044 020 IN    in
D02 044 030 ATI   the
D02 044 040 NN    rest
D02 044 050 IN    of
D02 044 060 DT    this
D02 044 070 NN    talk
D02 044 080 PP1A  I
D02 044 090 MD    shall
D02 044 100 BE    be
D02 044 110 RB    chiefly
D02 044 120 VBN   concerned
D02 045 010 IN    with
D02 045 020 ATI   the
D02 045 030 NN    diversity
D02 045 031 ,     ,
D02 045 040 RB    rather
D02 045 050 IN    than
D02 045 060 ATI   the
D02 045 070 NN    unity
D02 045 071 ,     ,
D02 045 080 IN    of
D02 045 090 JNP   French
D02 045 100 NNP   Enlightenment
D02 046 010 NN    thought
D02 046 020 IN    during
D02 046 030 ATI   the
D02 046 040 OD    first
D02 046 050 NN    quarter
D02 046 060 IN    of
D02 046 070 ATI   the
D02 046 080 OD    eighteenth
D02 046 090 NN    century
D02 046 091 .     .
D02 048 001 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 048 010 JNP   French
D02 048 020 JJ    natural
D02 048 030 NN    philosophy
D02 048 040 BEDZ  was
D02 048 050 RB    almost
D02 048 060 RB    totally
D02 048 070 JNP   Cartesian
D02 048 080 IN    by
D02 048 090 RN    then
D02 048 091 :     :
D02 049 010 ATI   the
D02 049 020 NN    philosophy
D02 049 030 IN    of
D02 049 040 NP    Descartes
D02 049 050 HVD   had
D02 049 060 VBN   acquired
D02 049 070 AT    a
D02 049 080 NN    standing
D02 049 090 IN    in
D02 049 100 NP    France
D02 050 010 JJ    comparable
D02 050 020 IN    with
D02 050 030 DT    that
D02 050 040 IN    of
D02 050 050 NNP   Aristotelianism
D02 050 060 AT    a
D02 050 070 CD    hundred
D02 050 080 NNS   years
D02 050 090 RI    before
D02 050 091 ,     ,
D02 051 010 CC    and
D02 051 020 PP$   its
D02 051 030 NN    position
D02 051 040 BEDZ  was
D02 051 050 VBN   made
D02 051 060 ABN   all
D02 051 070 ATI   the
D02 051 080 QL    more
D02 051 090 JJ    secure
D02 051 100 IN    by
D02 051 110 ATI   the
D02 051 120 JJ    large
D02 052 010 NN    measure
D02 052 020 IN    of
D02 052 030 NN    approval
D02 052 040 CS    that
D02 052 050 PP3   it
D02 052 060 HVD   had
D02 052 070 VBN   won
D02 052 080 IN    within
D02 052 090 ATI   the
D02 052 100 JNP   Catholic
D02 052 110 NN    church
D02 052 111 .     .
D02 053 001 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 053 010 RB    true
D02 053 011 ,     ,
D02 053 020 PP3   it
D02 053 030 BEDZ  was
D02 053 040 RB    still
D02 053 050 VBN   opposed
D02 053 060 IN    by
D02 053 070 NP$   Descartes'
D02 053 080 QL    most
D02 053 090 JJ    implacable
D02 053 100 NNS   enemies
D02 053 101 ,     ,
D02 054 010 ATI   the
D02 054 020 NPS   Jesuits
D02 054 021 ,     ,
D02 054 030 CC    but
D02 054 040 QL    most
D02 054 050 JNP   Catholic
D02 054 060 NNS   scholars
D02 054 070 VBD   accepted
D02 054 080 AT    a
D02 054 090 NN    system
D02 054 100 IN    of
D02 055 010 JNP   Christian
D02 055 020 NNS   apologetics
D02 055 030 WP    which
D02 055 040 VBD   incorporated
D02 055 050 ABL   such
D02 055 060 JNP   Cartesian
D02 055 070 NNS   notions
D02 056 010 IN    as
D02 056 020 JJ    innate
D02 056 030 NNS   ideas
D02 056 040 CC    and
D02 056 050 ATI   the
D02 056 060 NN    dualism
D02 056 070 IN    of
D02 056 080 NN    mind
D02 056 090 CC    and
D02 056 100 NN    body
D02 056 101 .     .
D02 056 102 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 056 110 RB    quite
D02 056 120 RB    suddenly
D02 056 121 ,     ,
D02 057 010 IN    in
D02 057 020 ATI   the
D02 057 030 JJ    late
D02 057 040 CD    seventeen
D02 057 050 CDS   twenties
D02 057 051 ,     ,
D02 057 060 JNP   Cartesian
D02 057 070 NN    philosophy
D02 057 080 IN    in
D02 057 090 NP    France
D02 058 010 VBD   began
D02 058 020 TO    to
D02 058 030 BE    be
D02 058 040 VBN   challenged
D02 058 041 .     .
D02 058 042 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 058 050 CS    although
D02 058 060 ATI   the
D02 058 070 NN    challenge
D02 058 080 VBD   came
D02 058 090 IN    from
D02 058 100 IN    within
D02 059 010 NP    France
D02 059 011 ,     ,
D02 059 020 PP$   its
D02 059 030 NN    inspiration
D02 059 040 BEDZ  was
D02 059 050 RB    unquestionably
D02 059 060 JNP   English
D02 059 061 .     .
D02 059 062 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 059 070 IN    since
D02 059 080 ATI   the
D02 060 010 CD    sixteen
D02 060 020 CDS   eighties
D02 060 021 ,     ,
D02 060 030 IN    in
D02 060 040 NP    England
D02 060 050 NP$   Descartes'
D02 060 060 NN    physics
D02 060 070 CC    and
D02 060 080 PP$   his
D02 061 010 NN    psychology
D02 061 020 HVD   had
D02 061 030 BEN   been
D02 061 040 QL    so
D02 061 050 RB    severely
D02 061 060 VBN   attacked
D02 061 070 IN    by
D02 061 080 NP    Newton
D02 061 090 CC    and
D02 061 100 NP    Locke
D02 061 101 ,     ,
D02 062 010 CS    that
D02 062 020 IN    by
D02 062 030 ATI   the
D02 062 040 JJ    early
D02 062 050 OD    eighteenth
D02 062 060 NN    century
D02 062 070 NNP   Cartesianism
D02 062 080 RN    there
D02 062 090 BEDZ  was
D02 063 010 RB    almost
D02 063 020 RB    totally
D02 063 030 VBN   abandoned
D02 063 031 .     .
D02 063 032 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 063 040 NP    Voltaire
D02 063 041 ,     ,
D02 063 050 WP    who
D02 063 060 BEDZ  was
D02 063 070 IN    in
D02 063 080 NN    exile
D02 063 090 IN    in
D02 063 100 NP    England
D02 064 010 IN    from
D02 064 020 CD    seventeen
D02 064 030 CD    twenty-six
D02 064 040 IN    to
D02 064 050 CD    seventeen
D02 064 060 CD    twenty-eight
D02 064 061 ,     ,
D02 064 070 VBD   observed
D02 065 010 ATI   the
D02 065 020 NNS   changes
D02 065 030 IN    in
D02 065 040 JNP   English
D02 065 050 NN    philosophy
D02 065 051 ,     ,
D02 065 060 CC    and
D02 065 070 BEDZ  was
D02 065 080 RB    duly
D02 065 090 VBN   impressed
D02 065 100 IN    by
D02 066 010 NP$   Newton's
D02 066 020 JJ    splendid
D02 066 030 NN    funeral
D02 066 040 IN    in
D02 066 050 NP    Westminster
D02 066 060 NPL   Abbey
D02 066 070 IN    in
D02 066 080 CD    seventeen
D02 067 010 CD    twenty-seven
D02 067 011 .     .
D02 067 012 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 067 020 AT    a
D02 067 030 NN    man
D02 067 040 WP$   whose
D02 067 050 NN    pall
D02 067 060 BEDZ  was
D02 067 070 VBN   borne
D02 067 080 IN    by
D02 067 090 NNS   dukes
D02 067 100 CC    and
D02 067 110 NNS   earls
D02 068 010 BEDZ  was
D02 068 020 RB    clearly
D02 068 030 IN    of
D02 068 040 JJ    exceptional
D02 068 050 NN    importance
D02 068 051 ,     ,
D02 068 060 CC    and
D02 068 070 CS    although
D02 068 080 PP3A  he
D02 068 090 BEDZ  was
D02 068 100 ATI   no
D02 069 010 NN    mathematician
D02 069 011 ,     ,
D02 069 020 NP    Voltaire
D02 069 030 RB    quickly
D02 069 040 VBD   convinced
D02 069 050 PPL   himself
D02 069 060 CS    that
D02 069 070 NP$   Newton's
D02 070 010 NN    reputation
D02 070 020 BEDZ  was
D02 070 030 VBN   justified
D02 070 031 .     .
D02 072 001 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 072 010 JNP   English
D02 072 020 NN    philosophy
D02 072 030 CC    and
D02 072 040 NNS   customs
D02 072 050 MD    could                     >
D02 072 051 XNOT  n't                       <
D02 072 060 HV    have
D02 072 070 HVN   had
D02 072 080 AT    a
D02 072 090 JJR   better
D02 073 010 NN    champion
D02 073 020 IN    than
D02 073 030 NP    Voltaire
D02 073 031 .     .
D02 073 032 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 073 040 PP3A  he
D02 073 050 BEDZ  was
D02 073 060 JJ    capable
D02 073 070 IN    of
D02 073 080 VBG   writing
D02 073 090 IN    with
D02 074 010 NN    authority
D02 074 020 CC    and
D02 074 030 NN    wit
D02 074 040 IN    on
D02 074 050 NNS   subjects
D02 074 060 QL    as
D02 074 070 VBN   varied
D02 074 080 IN    as
D02 074 090 ATI   the
D02 074 100 JNP   English
D02 075 010 NN    parliament
D02 075 011 ,     ,
D02 075 020 NN    vaccination
D02 075 021 ,     ,
D02 075 030 ATI   the
D02 075 040 NPS   Quakers
D02 075 041 ,     ,
D02 075 050 CC    and
D02 075 060 ATI   the
D02 075 070 NN    psychology
D02 075 080 IN    of
D02 076 010 NP    Locke
D02 076 011 .     .
D02 076 012 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 076 020 CC    but
D02 076 030 PP$   his
D02 076 040 JJT   greatest
D02 076 050 NN    achievement
D02 076 060 IN    in
D02 076 070 ATI   the
D02 076 080 CD    seventeen
D02 076 090 CDS   thirties
D02 077 010 BEDZ  was
D02 077 020 TO    to
D02 077 030 VB    convince
D02 077 040 ATI   the
D02 077 050 NPS   French
D02 077 060 IN    of
D02 077 070 ATI   the
D02 077 080 NN    importance
D02 077 090 IN    of
D02 077 100 ATI   the
D02 077 110 NN    work
D02 077 120 IN    of
D02 078 010 NP    Newton
D02 078 011 .     .
D02 078 012 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 078 020 PP3   it                        >
D02 078 021 BEZ   's                        <
D02 078 030 JJ    true
D02 078 040 CS    that
D02 078 050 ATI   the
D02 078 060 JJB   ninety-five-year-old
D02 078 070 NP    Fontenelle
D02 079 010 VBD   published
D02 079 020 AT    an
D02 079 030 NN    essay
D02 079 040 VBG   defending
D02 079 050 JNP   Cartesian
D02 079 060 NNS   vortices
D02 079 070 QL    as
D02 079 080 RB    late
D02 079 090 IN    as
D02 080 010 CD    seventeen
D02 080 020 CD    fifty-two
D02 080 021 ;     ;
D02 080 030 CC    but
D02 080 040 RB    at                                    IN
D02 080 050 RB"   least                                 AP
D02 080 060 AT    a
D02 080 070 NN    decade
D02 080 080 IN    before
D02 080 090 RN    then
D02 080 091 ,     ,
D02 080 100 QL    most
D02 081 010 JNP   French
D02 081 020 NNS   philosophers
D02 081 030 HVD   had
D02 081 040 RB    already
D02 081 050 VBN   abandoned
D02 081 060 ATI   the
D02 081 070 JJ    speculative
D02 082 010 NN    physics
D02 082 020 IN    of
D02 082 030 NP    Descartes
D02 082 040 IN    in
D02 082 050 NN    favour
D02 082 060 IN    of
D02 082 070 ATI   the
D02 082 080 QL    more
D02 082 090 RB    experimentally
D02 082 100 VBN   based
D02 083 010 NN    physics
D02 083 020 IN    of
D02 083 030 NP    Newton
D02 083 031 .     .
D02 083 032 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 083 040 IN    for
D02 083 050 DT    this
D02 083 060 NP    Voltaire
D02 083 070 MD    must
D02 083 080 VB    take
D02 083 090 AP    much
D02 083 100 NN    credit
D02 083 101 ,     ,
D02 084 010 CS    though
D02 084 020 PP3A  he
D02 084 030 BEDZ  was
D02 084 040 RB    greatly
D02 084 050 VBN   helped
D02 084 060 IN    by
D02 084 070 ATI   the
D02 084 080 JNP   French
D02 084 090 NPS   Newtonians
D02 084 091 ,     ,
D02 084 100 IN    like
D02 085 010 NP    Maupertuis
D02 085 020 CC    and
D02 085 030 NP    d'Alembert
D02 085 031 ,     ,
D02 085 040 WP    who
D02 085 050 VBD   treated
D02 085 060 ATI   the
D02 085 070 QL    more
D02 085 080 JJ    mathematical
D02 086 010 NNS   aspects
D02 086 020 IN    of
D02 086 030 JNP   Newtonian
D02 086 040 NN    philosophy
D02 086 050 WP    which
D02 086 060 NP    Voltaire
D02 086 070 VBD   tended
D02 086 080 TO    to
D02 087 010 VB    ignore
D02 087 011 .     .
D02 087 012 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 087 020 PP$   his
D02 087 030 NN    task
D02 087 040 BEDZ  was
D02 087 050 RB    also
D02 087 060 VBN   made
D02 087 070 RBR   easier
D02 087 080 IN    by
D02 087 090 AT    an
D02 087 100 NN    admiration
D02 087 110 IN    for
D02 088 010 NP    England
D02 088 020 WP    that
D02 088 030 BEDZ  was
D02 088 040 RN    then
D02 088 050 RB    widely
D02 088 060 VBN   felt
D02 088 070 IN    in
D02 088 080 NP    France
D02 088 081 .     .
D02 088 082 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 088 090 PP1AS we
D02 088 100 MD    should
D02 089 010 VB    remember
D02 089 020 CS    that
D02 089 030 PP3   it
D02 089 040 BEDZ  was
D02 089 050 RP    about
D02 089 060 DT    this
D02 089 070 NN    time
D02 089 080 CS    that
D02 089 090 NP    Montesquieu
D02 089 100 VBD   conceived
D02 090 010 PP$   his
D02 090 020 NN    respect
D02 090 030 IN    for
D02 090 040 JNP   English
D02 090 050 JJ    parliamentary
D02 090 060 NN    democracy
D02 090 061 ,     ,
D02 090 070 CC    and
D02 090 080 PP3   it                        >
D02 090 081 BEZ   's                        <
D02 091 010 ATI   no
D02 091 020 NN    coincidence
D02 091 030 CS    that
D02 091 031 ,     ,
D02 091 040 IN    from
D02 091 050 ATI   the
D02 091 060 CD    seventeen
D02 091 070 CDS   twenties
D02 091 071 ,     ,
D02 091 080 JNP   French
D02 091 090 NNS   views
D02 092 010 IN    on
D02 092 020 ATI   the
D02 092 030 NN    relationship
D02 092 040 IN    between
D02 092 050 NN    science
D02 092 060 CC    and
D02 092 070 NN    religion
D02 092 080 RB    also
D02 092 090 VBD   began
D02 093 010 TO    to
D02 093 020 VB    reflect
D02 093 030 JNP   English
D02 093 040 NN    influence
D02 093 041 .     .
D02 093 042 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 093 050 CS    as
D02 093 060 PP2   you
D02 093 070 VB    know
D02 093 071 ,     ,
D02 093 080 NP    Descartes
D02 093 090 HVD   had
D02 093 100 VBN   denied
D02 094 010 ATI   the
D02 094 020 NN    possibility
D02 094 030 CS    that
D02 094 040 PP1AS we
D02 094 050 MD    could
D02 094 060 RB    ever
D02 094 070 VB    ascertain
D02 094 080 NP$   God's
D02 094 090 NNS   purposes
D02 095 010 IN    for
D02 095 020 PP$   his
D02 095 030 NN    creation
D02 095 040 IN    through
D02 095 050 ATI   the
D02 095 060 NN    study
D02 095 070 IN    of
D02 095 080 NN    nature
D02 095 081 .     .
D02 095 082 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 095 090 JJ    final
D02 095 100 NNS   causes
D02 095 110 IN    for
D02 096 010 NP    Descartes
D02 096 020 MD    could
D02 096 030 BE    be
D02 096 040 VBN   known
D02 096 050 RB    only
D02 096 060 IN    through
D02 096 070 NN    revelation
D02 096 071 .     .
D02 096 072 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 096 080 NP    Newton
D02 096 081 ,     ,
D02 096 090 IN    on
D02 096 100 ATI   the
D02 097 010 AP    other
D02 097 020 NN    hand
D02 097 021 ,     ,
D02 097 030 HVD   had
D02 097 040 VBN   maintained
D02 097 050 CS    that
D02 097 060 NN    nature
D02 097 070 VBD   gave
D02 097 080 JJ    ample
D02 097 090 NN    evidence
D02 097 100 IN    of
D02 098 010 NP$   God's
D02 098 020 NN    wisdom
D02 098 030 CC    and
D02 098 040 NNP   Providence
D02 098 041 ,     ,
D02 098 050 CC    and
D02 098 060 PP3A  he
D02 098 070 BEDZ  was
D02 098 080 VBN   supported
D02 098 090 IN    in
D02 098 100 DT    this
D02 098 110 NN    view
D02 099 010 IN    by
D02 099 020 ATI   the
D02 099 030 OD    first
D02 099 040 NNS   representatives
D02 099 050 IN    of
D02 099 060 AT    a
D02 099 070 NN    school
D02 099 080 IN    of
D02 099 090 JNP   British
D02 100 010 NNS   theologians
D02 100 020 WP    who
D02 100 030 VBD   relied
D02 100 040 RP    on
D02 100 050 ATI   the
D02 100 060 NN    use
D02 100 070 IN    of
D02 100 080 JJ    natural
D02 100 090 NN    reason
D02 100 100 RB    rather
D02 101 010 IN    than
D02 101 020 NN    revelation
D02 101 030 IN    for
D02 101 040 PP$   their
D02 101 050 NN    knowledge
D02 101 060 IN    of
D02 101 070 NP    God
D02 101 071 .     .
D02 101 072 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 101 080 DTS   these
D02 101 090 BED   were
D02 101 100 ATI   the
D02 102 001 *'    '
D02 102 010 JJ    natural
D02 102 020 NNS   theologians
D02 102 021 **'   '
D02 102 022 ,     ,
D02 102 030 WP    who
D02 102 040 VBD   flourished
D02 102 050 IN    in
D02 102 060 NP    Britain
D02 102 070 IN    until
D02 102 080 RB    well
D02 102 090 IN    into
D02 103 010 ATI   the
D02 103 020 OD    nineteenth
D02 103 030 NN    century
D02 103 031 .     .
D02 105 001 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 105 010 PP1A  I
D02 105 020 VB    see
D02 105 030 ATI   the
D02 105 040 NN    growth
D02 105 050 IN    of
D02 105 060 NN    interest
D02 105 070 IN    in
D02 105 080 JJ    natural
D02 105 090 NN    theology
D02 105 100 IN    in
D02 105 110 NP    France
D02 106 010 IN    as
D02 106 020 AT    an
D02 106 030 JJ    obvious
D02 106 040 NN    sign
D02 106 050 CS    that
D02 106 060 JNP   French
D02 106 070 JJ    religious
D02 106 080 NN    thought
D02 106 090 BEDZ  was
D02 106 100 VBG   coming
D02 107 010 IN    under
D02 107 020 JNP   English
D02 107 030 NN    influence
D02 107 040 IN    in
D02 107 050 ATI   the
D02 107 060 CD    seventeen
D02 107 070 CDS   twenties
D02 107 071 *-    -
D02 107 080 CS    for
D02 108 010 RB    previously
D02 108 020 IN    in
D02 108 030 NP    France
D02 108 040 JJ    natural
D02 108 050 NN    theology
D02 108 060 HVD   had
D02 108 070 BEN   been
D02 108 080 RB    little
D02 108 090 VBN   practised
D02 108 091 .     .
D02 109 001 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 109 010 IN    at
D02 109 020 RB    first
D02 109 021 ,     ,
D02 109 030 ATI   the
D02 109 040 NNP   French
D02 109 050 VBD   relied
D02 109 060 IN    on
D02 109 070 NNS   translations
D02 109 080 IN    of
D02 109 090 NNS   works
D02 109 100 IN    by
D02 109 110 NP    Ray
D02 110 010 CC    and
D02 110 020 NP    Derham
D02 110 021 ,     ,
D02 110 030 IN    for
D02 110 040 NN    example
D02 110 041 ,     ,
D02 110 050 CC    but
D02 110 060 RB    soon
D02 110 070 AT    a
D02 110 080 RB    truly
D02 110 090 JNP   French
D02 110 100 NN    tradition
D02 110 110 IN    of
D02 111 010 JJ    natural
D02 111 020 NN    theology
D02 111 030 BEDZ  was
D02 111 040 VBN   established
D02 111 041 ,     ,
D02 111 050 CC    and
D02 111 060 PP3   it
D02 111 070 VBD   remained
D02 111 080 JJ    strong
D02 111 090 IN    until
D02 111 100 ATI   the
D02 112 010 NN    end
D02 112 020 IN    of
D02 112 030 ATI   the
D02 112 040 NN    century
D02 112 041 ,     ,
D02 112 050 WRB   when
D02 112 060 PP$   its
D02 112 070 JJ    leading
D02 112 080 NN    exponent
D02 112 090 BEDZ  was
D02 112 100 ATI   the
D02 112 110 JNP   Rousseauite
D02 113 010 NP    Bernardin
D02 113 020 NP    de
D02 113 030 NP    Saint-Pierre
D02 113 031 .     .
D02 113 032 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 113 040 CD1   one
D02 113 050 MD    can
D02 113 060 VB    see
D02 113 070 ATI   the
D02 113 080 NN    extravagance
D02 113 090 IN    to
D02 113 100 WP    which
D02 114 010 JJ    natural
D02 114 020 NN    theology
D02 114 030 BEDZ  was
D02 114 040 JJ    prone
D02 114 050 IN    from
D02 114 060 ATI   the
D02 114 070 JJ    memorable
D02 114 080 NN    statement
D02 114 090 IN    by
D02 115 010 NP    Bernardin
D02 115 020 CS    that
D02 115 030 NP    God
D02 115 040 VBD   made
D02 115 050 NNS   fleas
D02 115 060 JJ    black
D02 115 070 CS    so                                    CS
D02 115 080 CS"   that                                  CS
D02 115 090 PP3AS they
D02 115 100 MD    could
D02 115 110 BE    be
D02 116 010 VBN   seen
D02 116 020 RB    easily
D02 116 030 IN    on
D02 116 040 PP$   our
D02 116 050 NNS   skins
D02 116 060 CC    and
D02 116 070 VBN   killed
D02 116 071 *-    -
D02 116 080 WDT   which
D02 116 090 BEDZ  was
D02 116 100 RB    all
D02 116 110 QL    very
D02 117 010 RB    well
D02 117 020 CS    provided
D02 117 030 PP2   you
D02 117 040 HVD   had
D02 117 050 AT    a
D02 117 060 JJ    white
D02 117 070 NN    skin
D02 117 071 !     !
D02 117 072 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 117 080 JNP   French
D02 117 090 JJ    natural
D02 117 100 NN    theology
D02 118 010 IN    in
D02 118 020 ATI   the
D02 118 030 OD    eighteenth
D02 118 040 NN    century
D02 118 050 RB    closely
D02 118 060 VBD   resembled
D02 118 070 ATI   the
D02 118 080 JNP   English
D02 119 010 NN    tradition
D02 119 020 IN    from
D02 119 030 WP    which
D02 119 040 PP3   it
D02 119 050 VBD   grew
D02 119 051 *-    -
D02 119 060 RB    in
D02 119 070 RB"   particular
D02 119 071 ,     ,
D02 119 080 ATI   the
D02 119 090 NN    tradition
D02 120 010 IN    of
D02 120 020 NP    Boyle
D02 120 030 CC    and
D02 120 040 NP    Ray
D02 120 041 ,     ,
D02 120 050 WP    who
D02 120 060 VBD   delighted
D02 120 070 IN    in
D02 120 080 ATI   the
D02 120 090 NN    evidence
D02 120 100 IN    of
D02 120 110 NN    adaptation
D02 121 010 IN    in
D02 121 020 ATI   the
D02 121 030 JJ    living
D02 121 040 NN    world
D02 121 041 *-    -
D02 121 050 CS    so
D02 121 060 PP1A  I                         >
D02 121 061 MD    'll                       <
D02 121 070 VB    say
D02 121 080 RB    no
D02 121 090 RBR   more
D02 121 100 IN    about
D02 121 110 PP3   it
D02 121 120 IN    in
D02 121 130 DT    this
D02 122 010 NN    talk
D02 122 011 ,     ,
D02 122 020 CC    but
D02 122 030 DO    do                        >
D02 122 031 XNOT  n't                       <
D02 122 040 VB    overlook
D02 122 050 ATI   the
D02 122 060 NN    fact
D02 122 070 CS    that
D02 122 080 PP3   it
D02 122 090 VBD   existed
D02 122 091 .     .
D02 122 092 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 122 100 JJ    natural
D02 123 010 NN    theology
D02 123 020 MD    may
D02 123 030 HV    have
D02 123 040 BEN   been
D02 123 050 RB    predominantly
D02 123 060 AT    a
D02 123 070 JNP   Protestant
D02 123 080 NN    activity
D02 123 081 ,     ,
D02 124 010 CC    but
D02 124 020 EX    there
D02 124 030 BED   were
D02 124 040 JJ    natural
D02 124 050 NNS   theologians
D02 124 060 IN    in
D02 124 070 JNP   Catholic
D02 124 080 NNS   countries
D02 124 081 ,     ,
D02 124 090 RB    too
D02 124 091 .     .
D02 126 001 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 126 010 VB    let                       >
D02 126 011 PP1OS 's                        <
D02 126 020 VB    return
D02 126 030 IN    to
D02 126 040 PP$   our
D02 126 050 NNS   philosophes
D02 126 051 ,     ,
D02 126 060 RB    in
D02 126 070 RB"   particular
D02 126 080 IN    to
D02 126 090 NP    Voltaire
D02 126 091 .     .
D02 127 001 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 127 010 RN    now
D02 127 020 NP    Voltaire
D02 127 030 BEDZ  was
D02 127 040 XNOT  not
D02 127 050 AT    a
D02 127 060 NNP   Christian
D02 127 070 IN    in
D02 127 080 DTI   any
D02 127 090 JJ    orthodox
D02 127 100 NN    sense
D02 127 101 :     :
D02 128 010 IN    in
D02 128 020 PP$   his
D02 128 030 NN    view
D02 128 031 ,     ,
D02 128 040 ATI   the
D02 128 050 NNS   rituals
D02 128 051 ,     ,
D02 128 060 NNS   priests
D02 128 070 CC    and
D02 128 080 NNS   doctrines
D02 128 090 IN    of
D02 128 100 NNP   Christianity
D02 129 010 HVD   had
D02 129 020 VBN   fostered
D02 129 030 NN    hatred
D02 129 040 CC    and
D02 129 050 NN    extremism
D02 129 060 RB    rather
D02 129 070 IN    than
D02 129 080 NN    compassion
D02 129 090 CC    and
D02 130 010 NN    toleration
D02 130 011 .     .
D02 130 012 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 130 020 RB    yet
D02 130 030 IN    until
D02 130 040 PP$   his
D02 130 050 NN    death
D02 130 060 IN    in
D02 130 070 CD    seventeen
D02 130 080 CD    seventy-eight
D02 130 081 ,     ,
D02 131 010 PP3A  he
D02 131 020 VBD   retained
D02 131 030 AT    a
D02 131 040 NN    belief
D02 131 050 IN    in
D02 131 060 NP    God
D02 131 061 *-    -
D02 131 070 CS    though
D02 131 080 NP$   Voltaire's
D02 131 090 NP    God
D02 131 091 *-    -
D02 131 100 ATI   the
D02 131 110 NP    God
D02 131 120 IN    of
D02 132 010 AT    a
D02 132 020 NN    deist
D02 132 021 *-    -
D02 132 030 BEDZ  was
D02 132 040 CD1   one
D02 132 050 WP    that
D02 132 060 AP    most
D02 132 070 NNPS  Christians
D02 132 080 MD    would
D02 132 090 RB    scarcely
D02 132 100 HV    have
D02 133 010 VBN   recognised
D02 133 011 .     .
D02 133 012 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 133 020 NNS   deists
D02 133 030 BED   were
D02 133 040 NNS   people
D02 133 050 WP    who
D02 133 060 VBD   believed
D02 133 070 IN    in
D02 133 080 NP    God
D02 133 090 IN    as
D02 133 100 AT    a
D02 134 010 NNP   Creator
D02 134 011 ,     ,
D02 134 020 CC    but
D02 134 030 IN    unlike
D02 134 040 ATI   the
D02 134 050 NNS   theists
D02 134 051 (     (
D02 134 060 AT    a
D02 134 070 JJ    similar
D02 134 080 NN    name
D02 134 090 CC    but
D02 134 100 AT    a
D02 134 110 QL    very
D02 135 010 JJ    different
D02 135 020 NN    school
D02 135 021 )     )
D02 135 022 ,     ,
D02 135 030 NNS   deists
D02 135 040 VBD   rejected
D02 135 050 NN    revelation
D02 135 051 .     .
D02 135 052 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 135 060 NP    Newton
D02 135 061 ,     ,
D02 135 070 IN    for
D02 136 010 NN    example
D02 136 011 ,     ,
D02 136 020 BEDZ  was
D02 136 030 AT    a
D02 136 040 NN    theist
D02 136 041 ;     ;
D02 136 050 NP    Voltaire
D02 136 060 BEDZ  was
D02 136 070 AT    a
D02 136 080 NN    deist
D02 136 081 .     .
D02 136 082 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 136 090 PP3   it
D02 136 100 BEDZ  was
D02 136 110 AT    a
D02 136 120 JJ    continuing
D02 137 010 NN    belief
D02 137 020 IN    in
D02 137 030 NNP   Providence
D02 137 040 WP    which
D02 137 050 VBD   sustained
D02 137 060 NP$   Voltaire's
D02 137 070 NN    deism
D02 137 071 .     .
D02 139 001 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 139 010 RB    however
D02 139 011 ,     ,
D02 139 020 PP1AS we
D02 139 030 VB    know
D02 139 040 CS    that
D02 139 050 ATI   the
D02 139 060 NN    suffering
D02 139 070 CC    and
D02 139 080 NN    evil
D02 139 090 IN    in
D02 139 100 ATI   the
D02 139 110 NN    world
D02 139 120 VBD   made
D02 140 010 PP3   it
D02 140 020 RB    increasingly
D02 140 030 JJ    difficult
D02 140 040 IN    for
D02 140 050 PP3O  him
D02 140 060 TO    to
D02 140 070 VB    maintain
D02 140 080 DT    this
D02 140 090 NN    belief
D02 140 091 .     .
D02 141 001 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 141 010 RB    quite
D02 141 020 RB    late
D02 141 030 IN    in
D02 141 040 NN    life
D02 141 050 PP3A  he
D02 141 060 VBD   wrote
D02 141 070 PP$   his
D02 141 080 JJ    famous
D02 141 090 NN    novel
D02 141 091 *'    '
D02 141 100 NP    Candide
D02 141 101 **'   '
D02 141 102 .     .
D02 141 103 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 141 110 RN    here
D02 142 010 PP3A  he
D02 142 020 VBD   rejected
D02 142 030 ATI   the
D02 142 040 JNP   Leibnizian
D02 142 050 NN    view
D02 142 060 CS    that
D02 142 070 DT    this
D02 142 080 BEZ   is
D02 142 090 ATI   the
D02 142 100 JJT   best
D02 142 110 IN    of
D02 143 010 ABN   all
D02 143 020 JJ    possible
D02 143 030 NNS   worlds
D02 143 040 RB    even
D02 143 050 RB    though
D02 143 060 IN    in
D02 143 070 PP$   his
D02 143 080 JJR   earlier
D02 143 090 NNS   writings
D02 144 010 PP3A  he                        >
D02 144 011 HVD   'd                        <
D02 144 020 VBN   supported
D02 144 030 PP3   it
D02 144 031 .     .
D02 144 032 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 144 040 WRB   why
D02 144 050 NP$   Voltaire's
D02 144 060 NNS   ideas
D02 144 070 VBD   underwent
D02 144 080 DT    this
D02 144 090 NN    change
D02 145 010 BEZ   is
D02 145 020 XNOT  not
D02 145 030 JJ    clear
D02 145 031 .     .
D02 145 032 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 145 040 RB    possibly
D02 145 050 PP$   his
D02 145 060 JJ    new
D02 145 070 NN    pessimism
D02 145 080 BEDZ  was
D02 145 090 AT    a
D02 145 100 NN    result
D02 145 110 IN    of
D02 145 120 ATI   the
D02 146 010 JJ    great
D02 146 020 NN    earthquake
D02 146 030 IN    of
D02 146 040 CD    seventeen
D02 146 050 CD    fifty-five
D02 146 051 ,     ,
D02 146 060 WP    which
D02 146 070 IN    on
D02 146 080 NP    All
D02 147 010 NPTS  Saints
D02 147 020 NP    Day
D02 147 030 IN    of
D02 147 040 ABN   all
D02 147 050 NNS   days
D02 147 051 ,     ,
D02 147 060 HVD   had
D02 147 070 VBN   left
D02 147 080 ATI   the
D02 147 090 JJ    great
D02 147 100 JNP   Catholic
D02 147 110 NN    city
D02 147 120 IN    of
D02 148 010 NP    Lisbon
D02 148 020 AT    a
D02 148 030 NN    ruin
D02 148 031 .     .
D02 148 032 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 148 040 CC    but
D02 148 050 CS    whether
D02 148 060 CC    or
D02 148 070 XNOT  not
D02 148 080 ATI   the
D02 148 090 NN    earthquake
D02 148 100 BEDZ  was
D02 148 110 RB    solely
D02 149 010 JJ    responsible
D02 149 020 IN    for
D02 149 030 NP$   Voltaire's
D02 149 040 NN    change
D02 149 050 IN    of
D02 149 060 NN    heart
D02 149 061 *-    -
D02 149 070 CC    and
D02 149 080 PP1A  I
D02 149 090 VB    think
D02 149 100 DT    that
D02 150 010 JJ    unlikely
D02 150 011 *-    -
D02 150 020 ATI   the
D02 150 030 NN    fact
D02 150 040 VBZ   remains
D02 150 050 CS    that
D02 150 060 IN    from
D02 150 070 RB    about
D02 150 080 CD    seventeen
D02 150 090 CD    fifty-five
D02 150 091 ,     ,
D02 151 010 NP    Voltaire
D02 151 020 VBD   opposed
D02 151 030 ATI   the
D02 151 040 NNS$  optimists'
D02 151 050 NN    acceptance
D02 151 060 IN    of
D02 151 070 NN    evil
D02 151 080 IN    as
D02 151 090 AT    a
D02 152 010 JJ    necessary
D02 152 020 NN    element
D02 152 030 IN    in
D02 152 040 DTI   any
D02 152 050 NN    world
D02 152 060 VBN   created
D02 152 070 IN    by
D02 152 080 NP    God
D02 152 081 .     .
D02 152 082 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 152 090 IN    for
D02 152 100 NP    Voltaire
D02 152 101 ,     ,
D02 153 010 NN    evil
D02 153 020 HVD   had
D02 153 030 TO    to
D02 153 040 BE    be
D02 153 050 VBN   seen
D02 153 060 IN    as
D02 153 070 AT    a
D02 153 080 NN    blemish
D02 153 090 WP    that
D02 153 100 VBD   detracted
D02 153 110 IN    from
D02 153 120 ATI   the
D02 154 010 NN    perfection
D02 154 020 IN    of
D02 154 030 NP$   God's
D02 154 040 NN    creation
D02 154 041 .     .
D02 154 042 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 154 050 IN    of
D02 154 060 NN    course
D02 154 061 ,     ,
D02 154 070 WRB   why
D02 154 080 NP    God
D02 154 090 MD    should
D02 154 100 HV    have
D02 155 010 VBN   chosen
D02 155 020 TO    to
D02 155 030 VB    create
D02 155 040 ABL   such
D02 155 050 AT    an
D02 155 060 JJ    imperfect
D02 155 070 NN    world
D02 155 080 BEDZ  was
D02 155 090 AT    a
D02 155 100 NN    mystery
D02 155 101 ;     ;
D02 156 010 CC    but
D02 156 020 NP    Voltaire
D02 156 030 VBD   argued
D02 156 040 CS    that
D02 156 050 NN$   man's
D02 156 060 NN    inability
D02 156 070 TO    to
D02 156 080 VB    fathom
D02 156 090 ATI   the
D02 156 100 NNS   ways
D02 157 010 IN    of
D02 157 020 PP$   his
D02 157 030 NN    maker
D02 157 040 BEDZ  was
D02 157 050 ATI   no
D02 157 060 NN    reason
D02 157 070 IN    for
D02 157 080 AT    a
D02 157 090 NN    loss
D02 157 100 IN    of
D02 157 110 NN    faith
D02 157 111 .     .
D02 159 001 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 159 010 RB    however
D02 159 011 ,     ,
D02 159 020 EX    there
D02 159 030 BED   were
D02 159 040 DTI   some
D02 159 050 IN    for
D02 159 060 WPO   whom
D02 159 070 ATI   the
D02 159 080 NN    evil
D02 159 090 IN    in
D02 159 100 NN    nature
D02 159 110 BEDZ  was
D02 159 120 QL    more
D02 160 010 JJ    consistent
D02 160 020 IN    with
D02 160 030 NN    atheism
D02 160 040 CC    and
D02 160 050 JJ    blind
D02 160 060 NN    chance
D02 160 070 IN    than
D02 160 080 IN    with
D02 160 090 NN    deism
D02 160 100 CC    and
D02 161 010 NNP   Providence
D02 161 011 ;     ;
D02 161 020 CC    and
D02 161 030 IN    from
D02 161 040 ATI   the
D02 161 050 NN    middle
D02 161 060 IN    of
D02 161 070 ATI   the
D02 161 080 OD    eighteenth
D02 161 090 NN    century
D02 161 091 ,     ,
D02 161 100 DTS   those
D02 162 010 WP    who
D02 162 020 RB    still
D02 162 030 VBD   believed
D02 162 040 IN    in
D02 162 050 NNP   Providence
D02 162 060 VBD   came
D02 162 070 RB    increasingly
D02 162 080 IN    under
D02 162 090 NN    attack
D02 163 010 IN    from
D02 163 020 AT    a
D02 163 030 JJ    small
D02 163 040 CC    but
D02 163 050 JJ    influential
D02 163 060 NN    group
D02 163 070 IN    of
D02 163 080 JJ    atheistic
D02 163 090 NNS   philosophes
D02 163 091 ,     ,
D02 164 010 WP    who
D02 164 020 VBD   found
D02 164 030 ATI   the
D02 164 040 NP    God
D02 164 050 IN    of
D02 164 060 ATI   the
D02 164 070 NNPS  Christians
D02 164 080 CC    and
D02 164 090 ATI   the
D02 164 100 NP    God
D02 164 110 IN    of
D02 164 120 ATI   the
D02 164 130 NNS   deists
D02 165 010 RB    equally
D02 165 020 JJ    unacceptable
D02 165 021 .     .
D02 165 022 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 165 030 DT    this
D02 165 040 JJ    new
D02 165 050 NN    atheism
D02 165 060 VBD   emerged
D02 165 070 RB    mainly
D02 165 080 IN    in
D02 165 090 ATI   the
D02 166 010 NNS   writings
D02 166 020 IN    of
D02 166 030 ATI   the
D02 166 040 NNS   materialists
D02 166 050 NP    Lametsuit
D02 166 051 ,     ,
D02 166 060 NP    Diderot
D02 166 061 ,     ,
D02 166 070 NP    Helvetius
D02 166 071 ,     ,
D02 166 080 CC    and
D02 167 010 NP    Holbach
D02 167 011 .     .
D02 167 012 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 167 020 ATI   the
D02 167 030 JJ    traditional
D02 167 040 NN    providentialist
D02 167 050 NN    interpretation
D02 167 060 IN    of
D02 168 010 NN    nature
D02 168 020 BEDZ  was
D02 168 030 VBG   beginning
D02 168 040 TO    to
D02 168 050 VB    appear
D02 168 060 QL    less
D02 168 070 JJ    convincing
D02 168 071 .     .
D02 168 072 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 168 080 DT    this
D02 168 090 BEZ   is
D02 169 010 NN    evidence
D02 169 020 CS    that
D02 169 030 PP1AS we
D02 169 040 MD    can
D02 169 050 VB    add
D02 169 060 IN    to
D02 169 070 WDT   what
D02 169 080 PP1AS we
D02 169 090 VB    know
D02 169 100 IN    of
D02 169 110 NP$   Voltaire's
D02 169 120 NN    change
D02 170 010 IN    of
D02 170 020 NN    heart
D02 170 021 .     .
D02 170 022 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 170 030 PP1A  I                         >
D02 170 031 BEM   'm                        <
D02 170 040 JJ    sure
D02 170 050 PP1AS we
D02 170 060 MD    can                       >
D02 170 061 XNOT  n't                       <
D02 170 070 VB    account
D02 170 080 IN    for
D02 170 090 ATI   the
D02 170 100 JJ    changing
D02 170 110 NNS   attitudes
D02 171 010 IN    to
D02 171 020 NNP   Providence
D02 171 030 IN    by
D02 171 040 NN    reference
D02 171 050 IN    to
D02 171 060 DTI   any
D02 171 070 JJ    single
D02 171 080 NN    cause
D02 171 090 IN    such                                  RB
D02 171 100 IN"   as                                    IN
D02 171 110 ATI   the
D02 172 010 NP    Lisbon
D02 172 020 NN    earthquake
D02 172 021 ,     ,
D02 172 030 WP    which
D02 172 040 PP1A  I                         >
D02 172 041 HV    've                       <
D02 172 050 RB    just
D02 172 060 VBN   mentioned
D02 172 061 .     .
D02 172 062 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 172 070 ATI   the
D02 172 080 JJ    general
D02 173 010 NN    condition
D02 173 020 IN    of
D02 173 030 NP    Europe
D02 173 031 *-    -
D02 173 040 ATI   the
D02 173 050 NN    persistence
D02 173 060 IN    of
D02 173 070 NN    war
D02 173 071 ,     ,
D02 173 080 NN    famine
D02 173 081 ,     ,
D02 173 090 CC    and
D02 173 100 JJ    unfair
D02 174 010 JJ    autocratic
D02 174 020 NN    government
D02 174 021 *-    -
D02 174 030 BED   were
D02 174 031 ,     ,
D02 174 040 PP1A  I                         >
D02 174 041 BEM   'm                        <
D02 174 050 JJ    certain
D02 174 051 ,     ,
D02 174 060 RB    far
D02 174 070 QL    more
D02 174 080 JJ    corrosive
D02 174 090 IN    in
D02 175 010 PP$   their
D02 175 020 NN    effect
D02 175 030 IN    than
D02 175 040 ATI   the
D02 175 050 NN    disaster
D02 175 060 IN    of
D02 175 070 NP    Lisbon
D02 175 071 .     .
D02 175 072 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 175 080 CC    and
D02 175 090 WDT   what                      >
D02 175 091 BEZ   's                        <
D02 175 100 RB    even
D02 175 110 QL    more
D02 176 010 JJ    relevant
D02 176 020 IN    to
D02 176 030 DT    this
D02 176 040 NN    talk
D02 176 041 *-    -
D02 176 050 NNS   developments
D02 176 060 IN    in
D02 176 070 NN    science
D02 176 071 ,     ,
D02 176 080 RB    too
D02 176 081 ,     ,
D02 176 090 BED   were
D02 176 100 VBG   proving
D02 177 010 QL    most
D02 177 020 JJ    disturbing
D02 177 021 .     .
D02 179 001 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 179 010 IN    of
D02 179 020 ABN   all
D02 179 030 ATI   the
D02 179 040 JJB   eighteenth-century
D02 179 050 JNP   French
D02 179 060 NNS   scientists
D02 179 061 ,     ,
D02 179 070 PN    none
D02 179 080 BEDZ  was
D02 179 090 QL    more
D02 180 010 RB    widely
D02 180 020 VBN   known
D02 180 030 CC    and
D02 180 040 JJ    influential
D02 180 050 IN    than
D02 180 060 ATI   the
D02 180 070 JJ    natural
D02 180 080 NN    historian
D02 181 010 NP    Buffon
D02 181 011 .     .
D02 181 012 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 181 020 PP$   his
D02 181 030 JJ    voluminous
D02 181 040 NNS   writings
D02 181 050 BED   were
D02 181 060 JJ    special
D02 181 070 NNS   favourites
D02 181 080 IN    with
D02 181 090 ATI   the
D02 182 010 NN    reading
D02 182 020 NN    public
D02 182 030 IN    of
D02 182 040 NP    France
D02 182 050 IN    until
D02 182 060 RB    well
D02 182 070 IN    into
D02 182 080 ATI   the
D02 182 090 OD    nineteenth
D02 182 100 NN    century
D02 182 101 .     .
D02 183 001 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 183 010 PP3AS they
D02 183 020 BED   were
D02 183 030 VBN   prized
D02 183 040 XNOT  not
D02 183 050 RB    only
D02 183 060 IN    for
D02 183 070 PP$   their
D02 183 080 NNS   illustrations
D02 183 090 CC    and
D02 183 100 PP$   their
D02 183 110 JJ    charming
D02 184 010 RB    yet
D02 184 020 JJ    precise
D02 184 030 NNS   accounts
D02 184 040 IN    of
D02 184 050 ATI   the
D02 184 060 NN    animal
D02 184 070 NN    world
D02 184 080 CC    and
D02 184 090 NN    geology
D02 184 091 ,     ,
D02 184 100 CC    but
D02 184 110 RB    also
D02 184 120 IN    for
D02 185 010 ATI   the
D02 185 020 JJ    fascinating
D02 185 030 NNS   speculations
D02 185 040 WP    which
D02 185 050 PP3AS they
D02 185 060 VBD   contained
D02 185 070 IN    in
D02 185 080 VBG   discussing
D02 185 090 ATI   the
D02 186 010 NN    age
D02 186 020 IN    of
D02 186 030 ATI   the
D02 186 040 NN    earth
D02 186 041 .     .
D02 186 042 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 186 050 IN    for
D02 186 060 NN    example
D02 186 061 ,     ,
D02 186 070 NP    Buffon
D02 186 080 VBD   suggested
D02 186 090 CS    that
D02 186 100 DT    each
D02 186 110 IN    of
D02 186 120 ATI   the
D02 187 010 NNS   days
D02 187 020 IN    of
D02 187 030 NN    creation
D02 187 040 IN    in
D02 187 050 NP    Genesis
D02 187 060 VBD   represented
D02 187 070 AT    an
D02 187 080 NN    epoch
D02 187 090 IN    of
D02 187 100 AP    several
D02 188 010 CDS   thousands
D02 188 020 IN    of
D02 188 030 NNS   years
D02 188 040 RB    rather
D02 188 050 IN    than
D02 188 060 RB    literally
D02 188 070 CD    twenty-four
D02 188 080 NNS   hours
D02 188 081 .     .
D02 189 001 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 189 010 PP3A  he
D02 189 020 RB    also
D02 189 030 VBD   castigated
D02 189 040 DTS   those
D02 189 050 WP    who
D02 189 060 VBD   sought
D02 189 070 NN    purpose
D02 189 080 CC    and
D02 189 090 NN    design
D02 190 010 RN    everywhere
D02 190 011 .     .
D02 190 012 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 190 020 RB    after
D02 190 030 RB"   all
D02 190 031 ,     ,
D02 190 040 VBD   said
D02 190 050 NP    Buffon
D02 190 051 ,     ,
D02 190 060 BER   are                       >
D02 190 061 XNOT  n't                       <
D02 190 070 EX    there
D02 190 080 AP    many
D02 190 090 NNS   things
D02 191 010 IN    in
D02 191 020 NN    nature
D02 191 021 ,     ,
D02 191 030 IN    like
D02 191 040 JJ    male
D02 191 050 NNS   nipples
D02 191 051 ,     ,
D02 191 060 WP    which
D02 191 070 RB    seemingly
D02 191 080 HV    have
D02 191 090 ATI   no
D02 191 100 NN    purpose
D02 191 101 ?     ?
D02 192 001 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 192 010 CC    and
D02 192 020 AP    several
D02 192 030 NNS   times
D02 192 040 PP3A  he
D02 192 050 VBD   raised
D02 192 060 ATI   the
D02 192 070 NN    possibility
D02 192 080 IN    of
D02 192 090 PN    something
D02 193 010 VBG   resembling
D02 193 020 AT    an
D02 193 030 JJ    evolutionary
D02 193 040 NN    history
D02 193 050 IN    for
D02 193 060 ATI   the
D02 193 070 NN    earth
D02 193 080 CC    and
D02 193 090 PP$   its
D02 194 010 NNS   inhabitants
D02 194 011 .     .
D02 194 012 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 194 020 CS    though
D02 194 030 NP    Buffon
D02 194 040 BEDZ  was
D02 194 050 XNOT  not
D02 194 060 AT    an
D02 194 070 NN    evolutionist
D02 194 080 IN    in
D02 194 090 DTI   any
D02 195 010 JJ    modern
D02 195 020 NN    sense
D02 195 021 ,     ,
D02 195 030 NP    Voltaire
D02 195 040 VBD   joined
D02 195 050 JJ    orthodox
D02 195 060 NNPS  Christians
D02 195 070 IN    in
D02 196 010 VBG   disliking
D02 196 020 PN    anything
D02 196 030 VBG   approaching
D02 196 040 JJ    evolutionary
D02 196 050 NN    speculation
D02 196 051 .     .
D02 198 001 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 198 010 CC    and
D02 198 020 EX    there
D02 198 030 BEDZ  was
D02 198 040 DT    another
D02 198 050 QL    very
D02 198 060 JJ    different
D02 198 070 NN    tradition
D02 198 080 IN    of
D02 198 090 JJ    scientific
D02 199 010 NN    research
D02 199 020 IN    in
D02 199 030 OD    eighteenth
D02 199 040 NN    century
D02 199 050 NP    France
D02 199 060 WP    which
D02 199 070 VBD   came
D02 199 080 TO    to
D02 199 090 BE    be
D02 200 010 VBN   viewed
D02 200 020 IN    with
D02 200 030 JJ    equal
D02 200 040 NN    suspicion
D02 200 050 IN    by
D02 200 060 ABX   both
D02 200 070 NNPS  Christians
D02 200 080 CC    and
D02 200 090 NNS   deists
D02 200 091 .     .
D02 201 001 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 201 010 DT    this
D02 201 020 NN    tradition
D02 201 030 BEDZ  was
D02 201 040 JJ    mathematical
D02 201 041 ,     ,
D02 201 050 CC    and
D02 201 060 BEDZ  was
D02 201 070 VBN   concerned
D02 201 080 IN    with
D02 202 010 VBG   tying
D02 202 020 RP    up
D02 202 030 ATI   the
D02 202 040 JJ    loose
D02 202 050 NNS   ends
D02 202 060 VBN   left
D02 202 070 IN    by
D02 202 080 NP    Newton
D02 202 081 .     .
D02 202 082 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 202 090 RB    hence
D02 202 100 PP3   it
D02 202 110 BEDZ  was
D02 202 111 (     (
D02 202 120 RB    at                                    IN
D02 202 130 RB"   least                                 AP
D02 203 010 IN    in
D02 203 020 NN    origin
D02 203 021 )     )
D02 203 030 AT    a
D02 203 040 RB    wholly
D02 203 050 JNP   Newtonian
D02 203 060 NN    tradition
D02 203 061 ,     ,
D02 203 070 CC    and
D02 203 080 PP3   it
D02 203 090 BEDZ  was
D02 203 100 VBN   pursued
D02 203 110 IN    as
D02 204 010 ABL   such
D02 204 020 IN    by
D02 204 030 NP    Maupertuis
D02 204 031 ,     ,
D02 204 040 NP    d'Alembert
D02 204 041 ,     ,
D02 204 050 NP    Lagrange
D02 204 051 ,     ,
D02 204 060 CC    and
D02 204 070 NP    Laplace
D02 204 071 .     .
D02 204 072 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 204 080 CC    but
D02 204 090 DT    this
D02 205 010 DOD   did
D02 205 020 XNOT  not
D02 205 030 VB    prevent
D02 205 040 PP3   it
D02 205 050 IN    from
D02 205 060 VBG   yielding
D02 205 070 NNS   conclusions
D02 205 071 (     (
D02 205 080 RB    especially
D02 205 090 IN    in
D02 206 010 ATI   the
D02 206 020 NNS   writings
D02 206 030 IN    of
D02 206 040 NP    Laplace
D02 206 041 )     )
D02 206 050 WP    which
D02 206 060 NP    Newton
D02 206 070 PPL   himself
D02 206 080 MD    would
D02 206 090 HV    have
D02 207 010 VBN   found
D02 207 020 JJ    horrifying
D02 207 021 .     .
D02 207 022 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 207 030 RB    in
D02 207 040 RB"   particular
D02 207 041 ,     ,
D02 207 050 PP3   it
D02 207 060 VBD   fostered
D02 207 070 AT    a
D02 207 080 NN    materialist
D02 208 010 NN    view
D02 208 020 IN    of
D02 208 030 NN    nature
D02 208 040 JJ    consistent
D02 208 050 RB    only
D02 208 060 IN    with
D02 208 070 JJ    thorough-going
D02 208 080 NN    atheism
D02 208 081 .     .
D02 209 001 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 209 010 VB    recall
D02 209 020 IN    for
D02 209 030 AT    a
D02 209 040 NN    moment
D02 209 050 NP$   Newton's
D02 209 060 NN    universe
D02 209 061 .     .
D02 209 062 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 209 070 VB    remember
D02 209 080 WRB   how
D02 209 090 PP3A  he
D02 210 010 VBD   sought
D02 210 020 TO    to
D02 210 030 VB    leave
D02 210 040 NN    room
D02 210 050 IN    for
D02 210 060 JJ    immaterial
D02 210 070 NNS   agents
D02 210 080 IN    in
D02 210 090 NN    nature
D02 210 100 WP    which
D02 211 010 MD    would
D02 211 020 BE    be
D02 211 030 NNS   manifestations
D02 211 040 IN    of
D02 211 050 NP$   God's
D02 211 060 JJ    continuing
D02 211 070 CC    and
D02 211 080 JJ    universal
D02 212 010 NN    activity
D02 212 011 .     .
D02 212 012 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 212 020 IN    for
D02 212 030 NP    Newton
D02 212 031 ,     ,
D02 212 040 NN    gravity
D02 212 050 BEDZ  was
D02 212 060 XNOT  not
D02 212 070 AT    an
D02 212 080 JJ    innate
D02 212 090 NN    property
D02 212 100 IN    of
D02 213 010 NN    matter
D02 213 011 ;     ;
D02 213 020 RB    rather
D02 213 021 ,     ,
D02 213 030 PP3   it
D02 213 040 BEDZ  was
D02 213 050 VBN   caused
D02 213 060 IN    by
D02 213 070 AT    an
D02 213 080 NN    agent
D02 213 081 ,     ,
D02 213 090 WP    who
D02 213 100 BEDZ  was
D02 213 110 IN    of
D02 213 120 NN    course
D02 214 010 NP    God
D02 214 011 .     .
D02 214 012 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 214 020 RN    now
D02 214 030 PP3   it
D02 214 040 BEDZ  was
D02 214 050 JJ    possible
D02 214 060 TO    to
D02 214 070 VB    interpret
D02 214 080 NP    Newton
D02 214 090 QL    very
D02 214 100 RB    differently
D02 215 001 *-    -
D02 215 010 CC    and
D02 215 020 ATI   the
D02 215 030 OD    eighteenth
D02 215 040 NN    century
D02 215 050 JNP   French
D02 215 060 NNS   mathematicians
D02 215 061 ,     ,
D02 215 070 WP    who
D02 216 010 VBN   managed
D02 216 020 TO    to
D02 216 030 DO    do
D02 216 040 IN    without
D02 216 050 NP$   Newton's
D02 216 060 JJ    active
D02 216 070 NNS   principles
D02 216 080 CC    and
D02 216 090 VBD   shared
D02 217 010 PN    none
D02 217 020 IN    of
D02 217 030 PP$   his
D02 217 040 NN    commitment
D02 217 050 IN    to
D02 217 060 NN    theism
D02 217 061 ,     ,
D02 217 070 MD    could
D02 217 080 VB    argue
D02 217 090 RB    convincingly
D02 218 010 CS    that
D02 218 020 ATI   the
D02 218 030 JJ    continued
D02 218 040 NN    activity
D02 218 050 IN    of
D02 218 060 NP    God
D02 218 070 IN    in
D02 218 080 NN    nature
D02 218 090 BEDZ  was
D02 218 100 AT    an
D02 219 010 JJ    unnecessary
D02 219 020 NN    assumption
D02 219 021 .     .
D02 219 022 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 219 030 EX    there                     >
D02 219 031 BEZ   's                        <
D02 219 040 AT    a
D02 219 050 NN    story
D02 219 060 CS    that
D02 219 070 ATI   the
D02 219 080 NPT   Emperor
D02 220 010 NP    Napoleon
D02 220 020 RB    once
D02 220 030 VBD   asked
D02 220 040 NP    Laplace
D02 220 050 TO    to
D02 220 060 VB    explain
D02 220 070 ATI   the
D02 220 080 NN    place
D02 220 090 IN    of
D02 220 100 NP    God
D02 220 110 IN    in
D02 221 010 PP$   his
D02 221 020 NN    system
D02 221 021 .     .
D02 221 022 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 221 023 *'    '
D02 221 030 NPT   sire
D02 221 031 ,     ,
D02 221 032 **'   '
D02 221 040 NP    Laplace
D02 221 050 VBD   replied
D02 221 051 ,     ,
D02 221 052 *'    '
D02 221 060 PP1A  I
D02 221 070 HV    have
D02 221 080 ATI   no
D02 221 090 NN    need
D02 221 100 IN    of
D02 221 110 DT    that
D02 222 010 NN    hypothesis
D02 222 011 .     .
D02 222 012 **'   '
D02 222 013 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 222 020 NP$   Laplace's
D02 222 030 NN    universe
D02 222 040 VBD   worked
D02 222 050 RB    perfectly
D02 222 060 RB    well
D02 222 070 IN    without
D02 223 010 AT    a
D02 223 020 NP    God
D02 223 021 ,     ,
D02 223 030 CC    and
D02 223 040 IN    as
D02 223 050 AT    a
D02 223 060 NN    materialist
D02 223 070 PP3A  he
D02 223 080 RB    therefore
D02 223 090 VBD   saw
D02 223 100 ATI   no
D02 223 110 NN    reason
D02 223 120 IN    for
D02 224 010 VBG   postulating
D02 224 020 JJ    divine
D02 224 030 NN    activity
D02 224 031 .     .
D02 224 032 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 225 040 PP3   it                        >
D02 225 041 BEZ   's                        <
D02 225 050 IN    in
D02 225 060 ATI   the
D02 225 070 NNS   writings
D02 225 080 IN    of
D02 225 090 NP    Laplace
D02 226 070 IN    at
D02 226 080 ATI   the
D02 226 090 NN    end
D02 226 100 IN    of
D02 226 110 ATI   the
D02 226 120 NN    century
D02 226 130 CS    that
D02 226 140 PP1AS we
D02 227 010 VB    see
D02 227 020 ATI   the
D02 227 030 NN    culmination
D02 227 040 IN    of
D02 227 050 ATI   the
D02 227 060 NN    tradition
D02 227 070 IN    of
D02 227 080 JJ    atheistic
D02 227 090 NN    materialist
D02 228 010 NN    thought
D02 228 020 WP    which
D02 228 030 HVD   had
D02 228 040 BEN   been
D02 228 050 VBG   developing
D02 228 060 IN    in
D02 228 070 NP    France
D02 228 080 RI    since
D02 228 090 RB    about
D02 228 100 CD    seventeen
D02 229 010 CD    fifty
D02 229 011 .     .
D02 229 012 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 229 020 PP3   it
D02 229 030 BEDZ  was
D02 229 040 AT    a
D02 229 050 NN    tradition
D02 229 060 WP    that
D02 229 070 VBD   denied
D02 229 080 ABN   all
D02 229 090 NNS   signs
D02 229 100 IN    of
D02 229 110 NNP   Providence
D02 229 120 IN    in
D02 230 010 NN    nature
D02 230 011 .     .
D02 230 012 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 230 020 PP3   it
D02 230 030 BEDZ  was
D02 230 040 AT    a
D02 230 050 NN    tradition
D02 230 060 IN    in
D02 230 070 WDT   which
D02 230 080 ATI   the
D02 230 090 NN    immaterial
D02 230 100 HVD   had
D02 230 110 ATI   no
D02 231 010 NN    existence
D02 231 011 .     .
D02 231 012 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 231 013 (     (
D02 231 020 RB    hence
D02 231 030 AT    a
D02 231 040 NN    soul
D02 231 050 JJ    distinct
D02 231 060 IN    from
D02 231 070 PP$   our
D02 231 080 JJ    physical
D02 231 090 NN    body
D02 231 100 BEDZ  was
D02 232 010 JJ    inconceivable
D02 232 011 ,     ,
D02 232 020 CC    and
D02 232 030 NN    man
D02 232 040 BEDZ  was
D02 232 050 RB    no
D02 232 060 RBR   more
D02 232 070 IN    than
D02 232 080 AT    an
D02 232 090 NN    assemblage
D02 232 100 IN    of
D02 233 010 JJ    brute
D02 233 020 NN    matter
D02 233 030 VBN   organised
D02 233 040 IN    in
D02 233 050 AT    a
D02 233 060 JJ    certain
D02 233 070 NN    way
D02 233 071 .     .
D02 233 072 )     )
D02 233 073 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 233 080 CC    and
D02 233 090 PP3   it
D02 233 100 BEDZ  was
D02 233 110 AT    a
D02 233 120 NN    tradition
D02 234 010 WP    that
D02 234 020 VBD   taught
D02 234 030 JJ    rigorous
D02 234 040 NN    determinism
D02 234 041 *-    -
D02 234 050 AT    a
D02 234 060 NN    determinism
D02 234 070 VBN   given
D02 234 080 PP$   its
D02 234 090 QL    most
D02 235 010 JJ    celebrated
D02 235 020 NN    expression
D02 235 030 IN    in
D02 235 040 NP$   Laplace's
D02 235 050 NN    essay
D02 235 051 *'    '
D02 235 060 IN    On
D02 235 070 NNPS  Probabilities
D02 235 071 **'   '
D02 235 080 IN    of
D02 236 010 CD    eighteen
D02 236 020 CD    fourteen
D02 236 021 .     .
D02 236 022 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 236 030 RN    here
D02 236 040 NP    Laplace
D02 236 050 VBD   argued
D02 236 060 CS    that
D02 236 070 AT    an
D02 236 080 JJ    infinite
D02 236 090 NN    mind
D02 237 010 MD    would
D02 237 020 BE    be
D02 237 030 JJ    capable
D02 237 031 ,     ,
D02 237 040 RB    in
D02 237 050 RB"   principle
D02 237 051 ,     ,
D02 237 060 IN    of
D02 237 070 VBG   predicting
D02 237 080 ATI   the
D02 237 090 JJ    whole
D02 237 100 JJ    future
D02 238 010 NN    course
D02 238 020 IN    of
D02 238 030 NN    nature
D02 238 040 CC    and
D02 238 050 JJ    human
D02 238 060 NN    history
D02 238 070 IN    from
D02 238 080 AT    a
D02 238 090 NN    knowledge
D02 238 100 IN    of
D02 238 110 ATI   the
D02 239 010 JJ    present
D02 239 020 NNS   motions
D02 239 030 IN    of
D02 239 040 ATI   the
D02 239 050 NNS   particles
D02 239 060 IN    of
D02 239 070 NN    matter
D02 239 071 .     .
D02 239 072 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 239 080 PP$   our
D02 239 090 NN    fate
D02 239 091 ,     ,
D02 239 100 IN    in
D02 239 110 AP    other
D02 240 010 NNS   words
D02 240 011 ,     ,
D02 240 020 BEZ   is
D02 240 030 VBN   written
D02 240 040 IN    in
D02 240 050 ATI   the
D02 240 060 NNS   atoms
D02 240 061 *-    -
D02 240 070 CC    and
D02 240 080 IN    for
D02 240 090 DTI   some
D02 240 100 DT    this
D02 240 110 VBD   seemed
D02 240 120 TO    to
D02 241 010 VB    entail
D02 241 020 CS    that
D02 241 030 JJ    free
D02 241 040 NN    will
D02 241 050 BEZ   is
D02 241 060 AT    an
D02 241 070 NN    illusion
D02 241 071 ,     ,
D02 241 080 CS    though
D02 241 090 AP    most
D02 241 100 NNS   logicians
D02 242 010 MD    would
D02 242 020 RN    now
D02 242 030 VB    question
D02 242 040 DT    this
D02 242 050 NN    conclusion
D02 242 051 .     .
D02 242 052 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 242 060 IN    for
D02 242 070 NP$   Laplace's
D02 242 080 NNS   contemporaries
D02 243 010 PP3   it
D02 243 020 BEDZ  was
D02 243 030 AT    a
D02 243 040 JJ    daunting
D02 243 050 NN    prospect
D02 243 051 ,     ,
D02 243 060 CC    but
D02 243 070 CD1   one
D02 243 080 IN    to
D02 243 090 WDT   which
D02 243 100 JJB   mid-eighteenth-century
D02 244 010 NNP   Enlightenment
D02 244 020 NN    thought
D02 244 030 VBD   led
D02 244 040 RB    almost
D02 244 050 RB    inexorably
D02 244 051 .     .
D02 246 001 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 246 010 ATI   no
D02 246 020 NN    wonder
D02 246 030 NNS   critics
D02 246 040 IN    of
D02 246 050 ATI   the
D02 246 060 NNP   Enlightenment
D02 246 061 ,     ,
D02 246 070 IN    like
D02 246 080 NP    Rousseau
D02 246 090 CC    and
D02 246 100 NP    Goethe
D02 246 101 ,     ,
D02 246 110 BED   were
D02 247 010 QL    so
D02 247 020 VBN   horrified
D02 247 030 IN    by
D02 247 040 ATI   the
D02 247 050 NN    determinism
D02 247 060 IN    in
D02 247 070 ATI   the
D02 247 080 NN    teaching
D02 247 090 IN    of
D02 247 100 ATI   the
D02 247 110 NNS   materialists
D02 247 111 .     .
D02 248 001 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 248 010 CC    and
D02 248 020 PP3AS they
D02 248 030 BED   were                      >
D02 248 031 XNOT  n't                       <
D02 248 040 JJ    alone
D02 248 041 .     .
D02 248 042 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 248 050 NP    d'Alembert
D02 248 051 ,     ,
D02 248 060 NP    Voltaire
D02 248 061 ,     ,
D02 248 070 CC    and
D02 248 080 ATI   the
D02 248 090 NNS   deists
D02 248 100 BED   were
D02 249 010 RB    also
D02 249 020 JJ    hostile
D02 249 021 *-    -
D02 249 030 QL    so
D02 249 040 RB    much
D02 249 050 RB    so
D02 249 051 ,     ,
D02 249 060 CS    that
D02 249 070 IN    from
D02 249 080 RB    about
D02 249 090 CD    seventeen
D02 249 100 CD    seventy
D02 249 101 (     (
D02 249 110 ATI   the
D02 250 010 NN    year
D02 250 020 IN    of
D02 250 030 ATI   the
D02 250 040 NN    publication
D02 250 050 IN    of
D02 250 060 NP$   Holbach's
D02 250 070 JJ    atheistic
D02 250 080 NN    book
D02 250 081 *'    '
D02 250 090 ATI   The
D02 250 100 NNP   System
D02 251 010 IN    of
D02 251 020 NNP   Nature
D02 251 021 **'   '
D02 251 022 )     )
D02 251 030 PP3   it                        >
D02 251 031 BEZ   's                        <
D02 251 040 RB    no
D02 251 050 RBR   longer
D02 251 060 JJ    possible
D02 251 070 TO    to
D02 251 080 VB    see
D02 251 090 ATI   the
D02 251 100 NNS   philosophes
D02 251 110 IN    as
D02 251 120 IN    in
D02 252 010 DTI   any
D02 252 020 NN    sense
D02 252 030 AT    a
D02 252 040 JJ    coherent
D02 252 050 NN    group
D02 252 051 .     .
D02 252 052 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 252 060 RI    by
D02 252 070 RN    then
D02 252 080 ATI   the
D02 252 090 NNS   alignments
D02 252 100 BED   were
D02 252 110 JJ    complex
D02 253 010 IN    among
D02 253 020 ATI   the
D02 253 030 NNS   friends
D02 253 040 IN    of
D02 253 050 ATI   the
D02 253 060 NNP   Enlightenment
D02 253 061 .     .
D02 253 062 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 253 070 EX    there
D02 253 080 BEDZ  was
D02 253 090 AT    an
D02 253 100 JJ    ever-widening
D02 254 010 NN    gulf
D02 254 020 IN    between
D02 254 030 ATI   the
D02 254 040 NNS   materialists
D02 254 050 CC    and
D02 254 060 ATI   the
D02 254 070 NNS   deists
D02 254 071 .     .
D02 254 072 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 254 080 RN    then
D02 254 081 ,     ,
D02 254 090 IN    in
D02 255 010 ATI   the
D02 255 020 NNS   writings
D02 255 030 IN    of
D02 255 040 ATI   the
D02 255 050 NNS   critics
D02 255 051 ,     ,
D02 255 060 EX    there
D02 255 070 BEDZ  was
D02 255 080 JJ    mounting
D02 255 090 NN    alarm
D02 255 100 IN    at
D02 255 110 ATI   the
D02 256 010 NN    presumptuousness
D02 256 020 IN    of
D02 256 030 DTS   those
D02 256 031 *'    '
D02 256 040 JJ    dangerous
D02 256 050 NNS   reasoners
D02 256 051 **'   '
D02 256 052 (     (
D02 256 060 ATI   the
D02 256 070 NN    phrase
D02 256 080 BEZ   is
D02 257 010 NP$   Rousseau's
D02 257 012 )     )
D02 257 020 WP    who
D02 257 030 VBD   told
D02 257 040 PP3OS them
D02 257 050 CS    that
D02 257 060 NN    man
D02 257 070 BEZ   is
D02 257 080 RB    no
D02 257 090 RBR   more
D02 257 100 IN    than
D02 257 110 AT    a
D02 257 120 NN    machine
D02 257 121 .     .
D02 258 001 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 258 010 CC    and
D02 258 020 RB    finally
D02 258 030 PP1AS we
D02 258 040 HV    have
D02 258 050 ATI   the
D02 258 060 NNS   churchmen
D02 258 070 WP    who
D02 258 080 IN    along                                 RI
D02 258 090 IN"   with                                  IN
D02 258 100 ATI   the
D02 258 110 JJ    great
D02 259 010 NN    majority
D02 259 020 IN    of
D02 259 030 JNP   French
D02 259 040 NNS   citizens
D02 259 050 VBD   rejected
D02 259 060 CC    or
D02 259 070 VBD   ignored
D02 259 080 ATI   the
D02 259 090 NNS   wranglings
D02 260 010 IN    of
D02 260 020 ATI   the
D02 260 030 NNS   philosophers
D02 260 031 ,     ,
D02 260 040 CC    and
D02 260 050 VBD   remained
D02 260 060 JJ    loyal
D02 260 070 IN    to
D02 260 080 JJ    traditional
D02 261 010 JJ    orthodox
D02 261 020 NNP   Christianity
D02 261 021 .     .
D02 263 001 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 263 010 PP1A  I                         >
D02 263 011 HV    've                       <
D02 263 020 VBN   tried
D02 263 030 TO    to
D02 263 040 VB    convey
D02 263 050 PN    something
D02 263 060 IN    of
D02 263 070 ATI   the
D02 263 080 JJ    complex
D02 263 090 CC    and
D02 263 100 JJ    shifting
D02 264 010 NN    character
D02 264 020 IN    of
D02 264 030 NNS   attitudes
D02 264 040 IN    to
D02 264 050 NN    religion
D02 264 060 IN    in
D02 264 070 JJB   eighteenth-century
D02 264 080 NP    France
D02 264 081 .     .
D02 265 001 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 265 010 WDT   what
D02 265 020 PP1A  I                         >
D02 265 021 HV    've                       <
D02 265 030 VBN   said
D02 265 040 MD    should
D02 265 050 BE    be
D02 265 060 AT    a
D02 265 070 NN    warning
D02 265 080 IN    against
D02 265 090 JJ    simple
D02 265 100 NNS   generalisations
D02 266 010 IN    about
D02 266 020 JJB   eighteenth-century
D02 266 030 JNP   French
D02 266 040 NN    thought
D02 266 050 IN    as
D02 266 060 AT    a
D02 266 070 NN    whole
D02 266 071 .     .
D02 266 072 ----- -------------------------------------------
D02 266 080 CC    and
D02 266 090 PP1A  I                         >
D02 266 091 HV    've                       <
D02 266 100 ATI   no
D02 266 110 NN    need
D02 267 010 TO    to
D02 267 020 VB    remind
D02 267 030 PP2   you
D02 267 040 CS    that
D02 267 050 IN    by
D02 267 060 ATI   the
D02 267 070 JJ    early
D02 267 080 NNS   years
D02 267 090 IN    of
D02 267 100 ATI   the
D02 267 110 OD    nineteenth
D02 267 120 NN    century
D02 267 130 ATI   the
D02 268 010 NN    situation
D02 268 020 HVD   had
D02 268 030 BEN   been
D02 268 040 RB    further
D02 268 050 VBN   complicated
D02 268 060 IN    by
D02 268 070 ATI   the
D02 268 080 JNP   French
D02 268 090 NN    revolution
D02 268 091 ,     ,
D02 268 100 ATI   the
D02 269 010 NNP   Reign
D02 269 020 IN    of
D02 269 030 NNP   Terror
D02 269 031 ,     ,
D02 269 040 ATI   the
D02 269 050 NN    rise
D02 269 060 IN    of
D02 269 070 NP    Napoleon
D02 269 071 ,     ,
D02 269 080 CC    and
D02 269 090 ATI   the
D02 269 100 NN    emergence
D02 269 110 IN    of
D02 269 120 NNP   Romanticism
D02 270 001 *-    -
D02 270 010 ABN   all
D02 270 020 IN    of
D02 270 030 WDT   which
D02 270 040 HVD   had
D02 270 050 JJ    important
D02 270 060 NNS   consequences
D02 270 070 IN    for
D02 270 080 NN    philosophy
D02 270 090 CC    and
D02 271 010 JJ    religious
D02 271 020 NN    belief
D02 271 030 IN    in
D02 271 040 NP    France
D02 271 041 .     .