^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 188+TEXT+G01_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Simpson_NP1 's_GE surprise_NN1 appearance_NN1 in_II the_AT Counties_NN2 game_NN1 did_VDD fool_VVI the_AT opposition_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Counties_NN2 had_VHD bracketed_VVN Lachlan_NP1 Cameron_NP1 and_CC Bryan_NP1 Breen_NP1 at_II centre_NN1 ,_, the_AT former_DA being_VBG regarded_VVN as_II the_AT better_JJR defender_NN1 and_CC the_AT latter_DA as_CSA the_AT superior_JJ attacking_JJ player_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL On_II the_AT assumption_NN1 that_CST an_AT1 attacker_NN1 would_VM be_VBI of_IO more_DAR value_NN1 against_II a_AT1 new_JJ man_NN1 in_II the_AT Canterbury_NP1 line_NN1 ,_, Counties_NN2 played_VVD Breen_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Back_RP in_II July_NPM1 ,_, Wyllie_NP1 had_VHD predicted_VVN to_II friends_NN2 that_CST the_AT hardest_JJT game_NN1 Canterbury_NP1 would_VM have_VHI all_DB season_NNT1 ,_, assuming_VVG that_CST it_PPH1 kept_VVD the_AT shield_NN1 ,_, would_VM be_VBI against_II Bay_NN1 of_IO Plenty_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ not_XX altogether_RR believed_VVN ,_, as_CSA Bay_NN1 of_IO Plenty_NN1 had_VHD not_XX been_VBN firing_VVG many_DA2 shots_NN2 and_CC the_AT week_NNT1 before_II its_APPGE challenge_NN1 it_PPH1 was_VBDZ thrashed_VVN ,_, 65-9_MCMC ,_, by_II Auckland_NP1 ,_, its_APPGE seventh_MD championship_NN1 loss_NN1 of_IO the_AT year_NNT1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT day_NNT1 before_II its_APPGE challenge_NN1 the_AT Bay_NN1 team_NN went_VVD on_II a_AT1 long_JJ ,_, and_CC tiring_VVG ,_, bus_NN1 trip_NN1 to_II Akaroa_NP1 ,_, which_DDQ prompted_VVD one_MC1 Christchurch_NP1 newspaper_NN1 to_TO ask_VVI if_CSW the_AT side_NN1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 serious_JJ shield_NN1 contender_NN1 ,_, or_CC simply_RR a_AT1 tourist_NN1 party_NN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL However_RR ,_, once_RR on_II the_AT field_NN1 the_AT players_NN2 were_VBDR obviously_RR no_AT slugs_NN2 and_CC Canterbury_NP1 was_VBDZ very_RG lucky_JJ to_TO get_VVI home_RL in_II a_AT1 hard_JJ ,_, physical_JJ game_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II fact_NN1 ,_, Bay_NN1 of_IO Plenty_NN1 came_VVD closer_RRR than_CSN any_DD of_IO the_AT previous_JJ 18_MC challengers_NN2 ,_, with_IW the_AT possible_JJ exception_NN1 of_IO Counties_NN2 in_II 1982_MC ,_, to_II relieving_VVG Canterbury_NP1 of_IO the_AT shield_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL To_II most_DAT spectators_NN2 ,_, it_PPH1 appeared_VVD that_CST the_AT prop_NN1 ,_, Peter_NP1 Kennedy_NP1 ,_, had_VHD scored_VVN a_ZZ1 try_VV0 in_II the_AT last_MD minute_NNT1 ,_, a_ZZ1 try_VV0 which_DDQ if_CS converted_VVN would_VM have_VHI put_VVN Bay_NN1 of_IO Plenty_NN1 in_II front_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Hayes_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS rates_VVZ it_PPH1 as_CSA one_MC1 of_IO the_AT hardest_JJT games_NN2 he_PPHS1 has_VHZ played_VVN in_RP ,_, was_VBDZ coming_VVG from_II behind_II Kennedy_NP1 and_CC he_PPHS1 thought_VVD Kennedy_NP1 had_VHD reached_VVN the_AT line_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *'_" For_IF a_AT1 second_NNT1 I_PPIS1 thought_VVD that_DD1 's_VBZ it_PPH1 ,_, it_PPH1 's_VHZ gone_VVN ;_; the_AT conversion_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX difficult_JJ ,_, what_DDQ a_AT1 bugger_NN1 losing_VVG it_PPH1 in_II the_AT last_MD minute_NNT1 of_IO the_AT last_MD game_NN1 of_IO the_AT season_NNT1 ._. ^ **'_" |_NULL ^_NULL However_RR ,_, Kennedy_NP1 had_VHD been_VBN stopped_VVN just_RR short_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 photograph_NN1 in_II *1_NULL The_AT Press_NNJ *0_NULL on_II the_AT Monday_NPD1 after_II the_AT game_NN1 gives_VVZ the_AT impression_NN1 that_CST Kennedy_NP1 could_VM hardly_RR have_VHI failed_VVN to_TO score_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 is_VBZ falling_VVG from_II a_AT1 fair_JJ height_NN1 with_IW the_AT ball_NN1 held_VVD firmly_RR in_II his_APPGE right_JJ hand_NN1 and_CC his_APPGE momentum_NN1 alone_RR should_VM have_VHI carried_VVN him_PPHO1 across_II the_AT line_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ visible_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 should_VM ,_, however_RR ,_, be_VBI pointed_VVN out_RP that_CST because_CS the_AT photograph_NN1 was_VBDZ taken_VVN with_IW a_AT1 telephoto_NN1 lens_NN1 the_AT distance_NN1 between_II the_AT player_NN1 and_CC the_AT line_NN1 is_VBZ compressed_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II the_AT picture_NN1 Kennedy_NP1 is_VBZ held_VVN by_II two_MC players_NN2 ,_, Wayne_NP1 Smith_NP1 and_CC Andy_NP1 Earl_NP1 ,_, though_CS only_RR a_AT1 portion_NN1 of_IO Earl_NP1 's_GE back_NN1 can_VM be_VBI seen_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ almost_RR certainly_RR Earl_NN1 ,_, who_PNQS has_VHZ his_APPGE left_VVN arm_NN1 around_II Kennedy_NP1 's_GE chest_NN1 ,_, who_PNQS saved_VVD the_AT try_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL As_CSA Smith_NP1 explained_VVD ,_, all_DB he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ trying_VVG to_TO do_VDI was_VBDZ pull_NN1 the_AT ball_NN1 free_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL *'_" Considering_CS the_AT differences_NN2 in_II our_APPGE sizes_NN2 there_EX was_VBDZ no_AT way_NN1 I_PPIS1 could_VM have_VHI held_VVN him_PPHO1 up_RP ._. ^ **'_" |_NULL ^_NULL Smith_NP1 was_VBDZ adamant_JJ that_CST Kennedy_NP1 grounded_VVD the_AT ball_NN1 short_JJ of_IO the_AT line_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *'_" It_PPH1 was_VBDZ no_AT more_RR21 than_RR22 six_MC inches_NNU2 ,_, but_CCB it_PPH1 was_VBDZ definitely_RR short_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL When_CS I_PPIS1 saw_VVD this_DD1 my_APPGE biggest_JJT fear_NN1 was_VBDZ that_CST the_AT referee_NN1 (_( Geoff_NP1 Smith_NP1 )_) would_VM not_XX be_VBI in_II a_AT1 position_NN1 to_TO see_VVI the_AT gap_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB then_RT I_PPIS1 saw_VVD his_APPGE feet_NN2 close_VVI by_RP and_CC I_PPIS1 knew_VVD we_PPIS2 would_VM be_VBI okay_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ perfectly_RR positioned_VVN to_TO see_VVI what_DDQ had_VHD happened_VVN and_CC we_PPIS2 were_VBDR very_RG lucky_JJ that_CST he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ ._. ^ **'_" |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 very_RG tired_JJ ,_, as_CC31 well_CC32 as_CC33 very_RG relieved_JJ ,_, Canterbury_NP1 side_NN1 that_CST collapsed_VVD on_RP to_II the_AT benches_NN2 in_II its_APPGE dressing_NN1 room_NN1 after_II the_AT game_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Like_II in_II 1983_MC ,_, Wyllie_NP1 knew_VVD that_CST the_AT season_NNT1 had_VHD ended_VVN just_RR in_II time_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *'_" Not_XX even_RR on_II long_JJ tours_NN2 have_VH0 I_MC1 seen_VVN more_RGR exhausted_JJ players_NN2 ;_; they_PPHS2 were_VBDR completely_RR stuffed_VVN ,_, **'_" he_PPHS1 said_VVD ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL But_CCB even_CS21 if_CS22 the_AT side_NN1 had_VHD not_XX scaled_VVN the_AT heights_NN2 ,_, with_IW the_AT notable_JJ exception_NN1 of_IO the_AT Otago_NP1 game_NN1 ,_, that_CST it_PPH1 had_VHD in_II 1983_MC the_AT shield_NN1 was_VBDZ still_RR in_II Christchurch_NP1 for_IF a_AT1 third_MD summer_NNT1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Summing_VVG up_RP the_AT year_NNT1 ,_, Wyllie_NP1 said_VVD it_PPH1 had_VHD been_VBN a_AT1 difficult_JJ one_PN1 ,_, with_IW the_AT seven_MC All_DB Blacks_NN2 away_RL for_IF so_RG long_JJ and_CC the_AT continuous_JJ pressure_NN1 of_IO having_VHG to_TO try_VVI and_CC peak_NN1 week_NNT1 after_II week_NNT1 for_IF the_AT shield_NN1 matches_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT public_NN 's_GE expectations_NN2 of_IO the_AT team_NN made_VVD this_DD1 pressure_NN1 even_RR greater_JJR ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL But_CCB most_DAT of_IO all_DB ,_, he_PPHS1 felt_VVD that_CST it_PPH1 had_VHD been_VBN the_AT defensive_JJ attitude_NN1 of_IO many_DA2 of_IO the_AT challengers_NN2 that_CST had_VHD prevented_VVN Canterbury_NP1 from_II reliving_VVG its_APPGE glories_NN2 of_IO 1983_MC ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL To_II nearly_RR all_DB minds_NN2 ,_, though_CS ,_, Canterbury_NP1 still_RR had_VHN a_AT1 champion_JJ team_NN and_CC in_II Wyllie_NP1 a_AT1 champion_JJ coach_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL His_APPGE record_NN1 of_IO 47_MC wins_NN2 ,_, two_MC draws_NN2 and_CC six_MC losses_NN2 in_II the_AT 55_MC games_NN2 Canterbury_NP1 had_VHD played_VVN since_CS he_PPHS1 took_VVD charge_NN1 of_IO the_AT side_NN1 was_VBDZ proof_NN1 enough_DD of_IO the_AT latter_DA ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL He_PPHS1 did_VDD ,_, however_RR ,_, make_VVI noises_NN2 about_II a_AT1 possible_JJ retirement_NN1 and_CC this_DD1 ,_, no_RR21 doubt_RR22 ,_, was_VBDZ to_TO pave_VVI the_AT way_NN1 for_IF his_APPGE bid_NN1 to_TO join_VVI the_AT All_DB Black_JJ panel_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB when_CS he_PPHS1 stipulated_VVD that_CST he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ interested_JJ in_II a_AT1 place_NN1 only_RR if_CS he_PPHS1 could_VM coach_VVI the_AT side_NN1 as_RR21 well_RR22 his_APPGE chances_NN2 diminished_VVD ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL He_PPHS1 did_VDD allow_VVI his_APPGE name_NN1 to_TO go_VVI forward_RL ,_, but_CCB it_PPH1 was_VBDZ little_DA1 more_DAR than_CSN a_AT1 token_JJ gesture_NN1 ,_, and_CC his_APPGE re-election_NN1 soon_RR followed_VVN as_CSA Canterbury_NP1 coach_NN1 for_IF 1985_MC ,_, a_AT1 year_NNT1 ,_, as_CSA everyone_PN1 now_RT knew_VVD ,_, in_II which_DDQ the_AT side_NN1 would_VM be_VBI trying_VVG to_TO overhaul_VVI Auckland_NP1 's_GE record_NN1 of_IO 25_MC successive_JJ defences_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT run_NN1 at_II the_AT end_NN1 of_IO 1984_MC stood_VVD at_II 19_MC ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT day_NNT1 after_II the_AT Bay_NN1 of_IO Plenty_NN1 game_NN1 the_AT Canterbury_NP1 Rugby_NP1 Supporters_NN2 '_GE club_NN held_VVD its_APPGE annual_JJ dinner_NN1 and_CC its_APPGE Player_NN1 of_IO the_AT Year_NNT1 award_NN1 went_VVD to_II the_AT very_RG consistent_JJ Bruce_NP1 Deans_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL As_CSA Deans_NP1 collected_VVD his_APPGE prize_NN1 ,_, his_APPGE brother_NN1 ,_, Robbie_NP1 Deans_NP1 ,_, sat_VVD nursing_VVG a_AT1 knee_NN1 injury_NN1 ,_, that_DD1 was_VBDZ to_TO force_VVI him_PPHO1 to_TO miss_VVI the_AT upcoming_JJ All_DB Black_JJ tour_NN1 to_II Fiji_NP1 and_CC ,_, after_CS an_AT1 operation_NN1 ,_, put_VVD him_PPHO1 on_II crutches_NN2 for_IF the_AT best_JJT part_NN1 of_IO the_AT summer_NNT1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Deans_NP1 suffered_VVD the_AT injury_NN1 when_RRQ he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ taken_VVN in_RP a_AT1 tackle_NN1 just_RR out_RP from_II the_AT Bay_NN1 of_IO Plenty_NN1 posts_NN2 five_MC minutes_NNT2 into_II the_AT second_MD spell_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ running_VVG on_II the_AT diagonal_JJ at_II the_AT time_NNT1 ,_, but_CCB believed_VVD the_AT damage_NN1 was_VBDZ done_VDN when_RRQ his_APPGE right_JJ leg_NN1 got_VVD twisted_VVN under_II him_PPHO1 as_II a_AT1 ruck_NN1 formed_VVN above_II him_PPHO1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT seriousness_NN1 of_IO the_AT injury_NN1 was_VBDZ not_XX apparent_JJ at_II the_AT time_NNT1 and_CC Deans_NP1 bravely_RR tried_VVN to_TO continue_VVI ,_, but_CCB after_II two_MC attempts_NN2 he_PPHS1 had_VHD to_TO give_VVI up_RP and_CC limp_NN1 from_II the_AT field_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Little_DA1 was_VBDZ it_PPH1 known_VVN then_RT that_CST this_DD1 injury_NN1 would_VM come_VVI to_TO rival_VVI Colin_NP1 Meads_NN2 's_GE broken_JJ arm_NN1 in_II South_NP Africa_NP1 in_II 1970_MC as_CSA perhaps_RR the_AT most_RGT publicised_JJ rugby_NN1 injury_NN1 of_IO all_DB time_NNT1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL As_CSA Deans_NP1 battled_VVD to_TO get_VVI on_II an_AT1 even_RR keel_VV0 again_RT at_II Lancaster_NP Park_NNL1 that_DD1 day_NNT1 he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ told_VVN bluntly_RR by_II his_APPGE brother_NN1 ,_, Bruce_NP1 ,_, that_CST he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ not_XX to_TO leave_VVI the_AT field_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL John_NP1 Ashworth_NP1 was_VBDZ a_RR21 little_RR22 more_RGR sympathetic_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 told_VVD Robbie_NP1 that_CST he_PPHS1 could_VM depart_VVI after_CS he_PPHS1 had_VHD turned_VVN into_II points_NN2 the_AT penalty_NN1 that_CST Canterbury_NP1 had_VHD received_VVN at_II the_AT ruck_NN1 in_II which_DDQ he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ injured_VVN !_! ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II the_AT event_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 was_VBDZ Andrew_NP1 McMaster_NP1 who_PNQS stepped_VVD forward_RL and_CC kicked_VVD the_AT goal_NN1 ,_, and_CC he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ to_TO kick_VVI another_DD1 later_JJR as_CSA Canterbury_NP1 battled_VVD for_IF survival_NN1 with_IW its_APPGE ace_JJ card_NN1 missing_VVG ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ ,_, perhaps_RR ,_, the_AT fact_NN1 that_CST Canterbury_NP1 was_VBDZ in_II such_DA obvious_JJ danger_NN1 that_CST stirred_VVD the_AT crowd_NN to_TO give_VVI unusually_RR strong_JJ vocal_JJ support_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Because_CS Bay_NN1 of_IO Plenty_NN1 was_VBDZ not_XX expected_VVN to_TO pose_VVI a_AT1 serious_JJ threat_NN1 the_AT crowd_NN ,_, at_II 18,000_MC ,_, was_VBDZ a_AT1 modest_JJ one_PN1 by_II previous_JJ Saturday_NPD1 standards_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Yet_RR the_AT players_NN2 said_VVD afterwards_RT that_CST they_PPHS2 had_VHD never_RR heard_VVN such_DA support_NN1 as_CSA they_PPHS2 got_VVD in_II the_AT last_MD 15_MC minutes_NNT2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *'_" It_PPH1 was_VBDZ deafening_VVG ,_, **'_" said_VVD Hayes_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *'_" But_CCB it_PPH1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 great_JJ help_NN1 having_VHG so_RG much_DA1 encouragement_NN1 ._. ^ **'_" |_NULL ^_NULL Although_CS a_AT1 quality_NN1 goal-kicker_NN1 ,_, McMaster_NP1 had_VHD not_XX kicked_VVN for_IF goal_NN1 in_II a_AT1 match_NN1 for_IF almost_RR two_MC months_NNT2 before_II the_AT Bay_NN1 's_VBZ challenge_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II fact_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 was_VBDZ only_RR in_II the_AT previous_JJ week_NNT1 that_CST he_PPHS1 had_VHD bothered_VVN to_TO take_VVI the_AT odd_JJ kick_NN1 at_II practice_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *'_" With_IW Robbie_NP1 Deans_NP1 there_RL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ not_XX going_VVGK to_TO take_VVI any_DD of_IO the_AT kicks_NN2 ,_, but_CCB then_RT I_PPIS1 thought_VVD that_CST I_PPIS1 had_VHD better_RRR have_VHI a_DD221 few_DD222 just_RR in_CS21 case_CS22 Robbie_NP1 should_VM get_VVI injured_JJ ,_, **'_" said_VVD McMaster_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL On_II the_AT morning_NNT1 of_IO the_AT game_NN1 McMaster_NP1 accompanied_VVD Deans_NP1 to_II Lancaster_NP Park_NNL1 and_CC joined_VVD him_PPHO1 in_II a_DD221 few_DD222 shots_NN2 at_II goal_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Little_RR did_VDD McMaster_NP1 know_VVI then_RT that_CST a_AT1 few_DA2 hours_NNT2 later_RRR the_AT fate_NN1 of_IO the_AT shield_NN1 would_VM rest_VVI on_II his_APPGE boot_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL And_CC it_PPH1 was_VBDZ not_XX just_RR his_APPGE two_MC goals_NN2 that_CST made_VVD McMaster_NP1 the_AT happiest_JJT man_NN1 in_II the_AT Canterbury_NP1 side_NN1 immediately_RR after_II the_AT game_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Even_RR he_PPHS1 wondered_VVD what_DDQ possessed_VVD him_PPHO1 when_RRQ he_PPHS1 ignored_VVD the_AT posts_NN2 with_IW what_DDQ looked_VVD to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 fairly_RR simple_JJ kick_NN1 and_CC instead_RR chipped_VVD the_AT ball_NN1 across_II field_NN1 for_IF Craig_NP Green_NNL1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT move_NN1 came_VVD unstuck_JJ and_CC Canterbury_NP1 even_RR lost_JJ ground_NN1 from_II it_PPH1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL A_AT1 black_JJ glare_NN1 from_II Don_NP1 Hayes_NP1 told_VVD McMaster_NP1 that_CST he_PPHS1 might_VM have_VHI committed_VVN a_AT1 monumental_JJ blunder_NN1 and_CC the_AT smile_NN1 on_II his_APPGE face_NN1 and_CC the_AT relief_NN1 in_II his_APPGE voice_NN1 at_II the_AT finish_NN1 underscored_VVD the_AT fact_NN1 that_CST he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ off_II the_AT hook_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 had_VHD not_XX made_VVN a_AT1 decision_NN1 which_DDQ he_PPHS1 could_VM have_VHI had_VHN cause_NN1 to_TO rue_VVI for_IF the_AT rest_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE life_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL McMaster_NP1 also_RR had_VHN a_AT1 pretty_RG good_JJ idea_NN1 then_RT that_CST he_PPHS1 had_VHD just_RR played_VVN his_APPGE last_MD game_NN1 for_IF Canterbury_NP1 ,_, certainly_RR for_IF some_DD time_NNT1 ,_, as_CSA in_II 1985_MC he_PPHS1 would_VM be_VBI off_RP to_II Britain_NP1 to_TO pursue_VVI his_APPGE career_NN1 in_II the_AT Air_NN1 Force_NNJ ._. ^ ^_NULL If_CS his_APPGE aberration_NN1 had_VHD cost_VVN Canterbury_NP1 the_AT shield_NN1 he_PPHS1 might_VM have_VHI been_VBN much_RR happier_JJR than_CSN he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ to_TO take_VVI his_APPGE leave_NN1 from_II the_AT team_NN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL But_CCB as_II the_AT winter_NNT1 of_IO 1985_MC drew_VVD near_RL ,_, McMaster_NP1 's_GE departure_NN1 was_VBDZ not_XX the_AT main_JJ talking_NN1 point_NN1 in_II Canterbury_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Would_VM Robbie_NP1 Deans_NP1 come_VV0 back_RP ,_, and_CC ,_, if_CS so_CS ,_, would_VM he_PPHS1 be_VBI as_RR31 good_RR32 as_RR33 ever_RR ?_? was_VBDZ the_AT hot_JJ topic_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC not_XX far_RR behind_II it_PPH1 was_VBDZ ,_, would_VM the_AT team_NN ,_, with_IW the_AT shield_NN1 record_NN1 twinkling_VVG invitingly_RR on_II the_AT horizon_NN1 ?_? ^ *<_NULL *6_NULL THE_AT SHIELD_NN1 YEARS_NNT2 *-_- 1985_MC *>_NULL ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Defeat_NP1 with_IW dignity_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT absence_NN1 ,_, at_RR21 least_RR22 until_CS the_AT middle_NN1 of_IO the_AT year_NNT1 ,_, of_IO Robbie_NP1 Deans_NP1 ,_, and_CC the_AT moves_NN2 away_RP of_IO John_NP1 Ashworth_NP1 ,_, Andrew_NP1 McMaster_NP1 and_CC Phil_NP1 Robson_NP1 were_VBDR problems_NN2 for_IF Wyllie_NP1 as_II the_AT 1985_MC season_NNT1 got_VVD under_RR21 way_RR22 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL He_PPHS1 held_VVD early_JJ season_NNT1 trials_NN2 ,_, too_RG early_RR probably_RR to_TO be_VBI of_IO maximum_JJ benefit_NN1 ,_, but_CCB they_PPHS2 did_VDD help_VVI unearth_VVI two_MC new_JJ wings_NN2 of_IO definite_JJ potential_NN1 ,_, Joe_NP1 Leota_NP1 and_CC Dennis_NP Woods_NNL2 ,_, and_CC a_AT1 prop-cum-hooker_NN1 named_VVD John_NP1 Buchan_NP1 who_PNQS had_VHD possibilities_NN2 in_II the_AT latter_DA position_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT big_JJ question_NN1 mark_NN1 ,_, though_CS ,_, hovered_VVD over_II the_AT full-back_NN1 position_NN1 and_CC when_RRQ Daryl_NP1 Cotterell_NP1 kicked_VVD seven_MC goals_NN2 from_II eight_MC attempts_NN2 at_II the_AT trials_NN2 he_PPHS1 became_VVD the_AT front-runner_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Cotterell_NP1 had_VHD shifted_VVN north_ND1 from_II Timaru_NP1 the_AT previous_JJ year_NNT1 and_CC played_JJ senior_NN1 B_ZZ1 rugby_NN1 for_IF Marist_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 couple_NN1 of_IO games_NN2 for_IF South_NP Canterbury_NP1 B_NP1 were_VBDR his_APPGE only_JJ claim_NN1 to_II fame_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Cotterell_NP1 attended_VVD the_AT Marist_NP1 trials_NN2 in_II March_NPM1 and_CC when_RRQ the_AT club_NN passed_VVD him_PPHO1 over_RP as_II its_APPGE senior_JJ full-back_NN1 he_PPHS1 moved_VVD on_RP to_II University_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ was_VBDZ looking_VVG for_IF someone_PN1 to_TO replace_VVI McMaster_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Wyllie_NP1 did_VDD include_VVI Cotterell_NP1 in_II his_APPGE training_NN1 squad_NN1 ,_, but_CCB it_PPH1 was_VBDZ the_AT ever-ready_JJ utility_NN1 ,_, Kieran_NP1 Keane_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS was_VBDZ at_II full-back_NN1 when_RRQ Canterbury_NP1 began_VVD its_APPGE programme_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 clear_JJ win_NN1 over_II a_AT1 New_NP Zealand_NP1 Maoris_NP2 *=_NULL XV_MC in_II an_AT1 Easter_NNT1 holiday-mood_JJ match_NN1 at_II Temuka_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT goal-kicking_NN1 was_VBDZ in_II the_AT hands_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 promoted_JJ Colt_NN1 ,_, Greg_NP1 Coffey_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Cotterell_NP1 got_VVD his_APPGE chance_NN1 in_II the_AT next_MD game_NN1 ,_, against_II his_APPGE former_DA province_NN1 ,_, South_NP Canterbury_NP1 ,_, and_CC with_IW eight_MC goals_NN2 from_II as_RG many_DA2 attempts_NN2 he_PPHS1 could_VM hardly_RR have_VHI done_VDN better_RRR ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 also_RR got_VVD a_AT1 trip_NN1 to_II Brisbane_NP1 for_IF the_AT annual_JJ match_NN1 against_II Queensland_NP1 ,_, which_DDQ was_VBDZ clearly_RR won_VVN by_II the_AT home_NN1 side_NN1 ,_, 21-7_MCMC ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL However_RR ,_, in_II this_DD1 game_NN1 ,_, and_CC in_II his_APPGE club_NN rugby_NN1 ,_, Cotterell_NP1 's_GE goal-kicking_NN1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 mixture_NN1 and_CC his_APPGE full-back_NN1 play_VV0 only_JJ average_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ soon_RR released_VVN from_II the_AT squad_NN1 ,_, never_RR to_TO return_VVI *-_- at_RR21 least_RR22 not_XX in_II 1985_MC ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Because_II21 of_II22 the_AT heavy_JJ international_JJ fixture_NN1 list_NN1 ,_, although_CS it_PPH1 lessened_VVD after_II the_AT South_NP African_JJ tour_NN1 was_VBDZ cancelled_VVN ,_, Canterbury_NP1 began_VVD its_APPGE 1985_MC shield_NN1 programme_NN1 much_RR earlier_RRR than_CSN usual_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL King_NNB Country_NP1 and_CC Taranaki_NP1 were_VBDR on_II the_AT agenda_NN1 for_IF June_NPM1 and_CC Southland_NP1 early_RR in_II July_NPM1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II fact_NN1 ,_, the_AT King_NNB Country_NP1 game_NN1 on_II June_NPM1 19_MC was_VBDZ the_AT earliest_JJT shield_NN1 game_NN1 for_IF 58_MC years_NNT2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT side_NN1 prepared_VVN for_IF these_DD2 matches_NN2 with_IW away_JJ games_NN2 against_II Buller_NP1 and_CC West_NP Coast_NP1 ,_, both_DB2 of_IO which_DDQ it_PPH1 won_VVD well_RR enough_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL Leota_NP1 ,_, with_IW seven_MC tries_VVZ on_II the_AT trip_NN1 ,_, confirmed_VVD that_CST he_PPHS1 could_VM be_VBI a_AT1 big_JJ asset_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL King_NNB Country_NP1 was_VBDZ not_XX given_VVN much_DA1 chance_NN1 ,_, but_CCB it_PPH1 did_VDD better_RRR than_CSN expected_VVN in_II holding_VVG Canterbury_NP1 to_II six_MC tries_VVZ ._. ^ ^_NULL However_RR ,_, Canterbury_NP1 's_GE form_NN1 was_VBDZ mixed_VVN and_CC it_PPH1 was_VBDZ late_JJ in_II the_AT game_NN1 before_CS it_PPH1 found_VVD a_AT1 counter_NN1 to_II the_AT challenger_NN1 's_GE spoiling_VVG tactics_NN2 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 189+TEXT+G02_FO **]_NULL ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 do_VD0 not_XX know_VVI if_CSW he_PPHS1 actually_RR enjoyed_VVD what_DDQ he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ doing_VDG ,_, but_CCB I_PPIS1 think_VV0 he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ proud_JJ of_IO the_AT result_NN1 ,_, as_CSA indeed_RR he_PPHS1 had_VHD every_AT1 right_JJ to_TO be_VBI ._. ^ ^_NULL Afterwards_RT ,_, the_AT job_NN1 finished_VVD ,_, he_PPHS1 accepted_VVD my_APPGE invitation_NN1 to_TO come_VVI again_RT ,_, with_IW his_APPGE wife_NN1 Shirley_NP1 Smith_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 lawyer_NN1 well_RR known_VVN in_II Wellington_NP1 ,_, and_CC for_IF a_AT1 purely_RR social_JJ visit_NN1 ,_, when_CS the_AT shelves_NN2 were_VBDR loaded_VVN with_IW books_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB he_PPHS1 never_RR came_VVD ,_, though_CS the_AT invitation_NN1 was_VBDZ renewed_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL Instead_RR ,_, he_PPHS1 asked_VVD me_PPIO1 to_TO his_APPGE own_DA home_NN1 for_IF dinner_NN1 ,_, and_CC for_IF many_DA2 years_NNT2 afterwards_RT we_PPIS2 saw_VVD each_PPX221 other_PPX222 in_RP well_RR spaced_JJ meetings_NN2 ,_, always_RR in_II Wellington_NP1 ,_, and_CC usually_RR in_II my_APPGE office_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL He_PPHS1 liked_VVD to_TO come_VVI in_RP at_II lunch-time_NNT1 ,_, bringing_VVG with_IW him_PPHO1 his_APPGE own_DA packet_NN1 of_IO sandwiches_NN2 ,_, and_CC we_PPIS2 would_VM sit_VVI for_IF the_AT better_JJR part_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 hour_NNT1 ,_, discussing_VVG books_NN2 ,_, McCarthyism_NP1 and_CC other_JJ evils_NN2 of_IO our_APPGE time_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Now_RT and_CC then_RT ,_, if_CS something_PN1 suitable_JJ came_VVD in_RP ,_, I_PPIS1 asked_VVD him_PPHO1 to_TO review_VVI a_AT1 book_NN1 for_IF the_AT *1_NULL Listener_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT job_NN1 was_VBDZ always_RR done_VDN within_II its_APPGE deadline_NN1 and_CC efficiently_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL Unlike_II most_DAT of_IO our_APPGE regular_JJ critics_NN2 ,_, he_PPHS1 did_VDD not_XX come_VVI in_RP on_II the_AT prowl_NN1 ,_, looking_VVG for_IF interesting_JJ titles_NN2 ,_, and_CC this_DD1 helped_VVD to_TO confirm_VVI my_APPGE belief_NN1 that_CST he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ not_XX essentially_RR a_AT1 bookish_JJ man_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Nor_CC was_VBDZ there_RL any_RR faintest_JJT suggestion_NN1 that_CST I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ indebted_JJ to_II him_PPHO1 for_IF his_APPGE services_NN2 as_II a_AT1 carpenter_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Only_RR once_RR did_VDD he_PPHS1 ask_VVI a_AT1 favour_NN1 of_IO me_PPIO1 ,_, and_CC that_DD1 was_VBDZ not_XX for_IF himself_PPX1 but_CCB for_IF his_APPGE department_NNJ ,_, when_CS he_PPHS1 had_VHD become_VVN an_AT1 assistant_JJ director_NN1 and_CC was_VBDZ soon_RR to_TO reach_VVI the_AT top_JJ position_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 wanted_VVD me_PPIO1 to_TO speak_VVI for_IF an_AT1 hour_NNT1 to_II senior_JJ officers_NN2 on_II the_AT use_NN1 and_CC misuse_NN1 of_IO English_JJ in_II official_JJ correspondence_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 gave_VVD the_AT talk_NN1 ,_, doing_VDG what_DDQ I_PPIS1 could_VM to_TO wound_VVI and_CC maim_VVI the_AT gobbledegook_NN1 favoured_VVD across_II the_AT world_NN1 by_II public_JJ servants_NN2 ;_; but_CCB I_PPIS1 knew_VVD already_RR that_CST letters_NN2 from_II government_NN officers_NN2 are_VBR often_RR written_VVN badly_RR ,_, not_XX because_CS the_AT writers_NN2 are_VBR unable_JJ to_TO do_VDI better_NN1 ,_, but_CCB because_CS they_PPHS2 are_VBR protecting_VVG themselves_PPX2 against_II all_DB contingencies_NN2 while_CS they_PPHS2 climb_VV0 the_AT departmental_JJ ladder_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 plain_JJ letter_NN1 may_VM make_VVI the_AT writer_NN1 's_VBZ meaning_VVG unmistakably_RR clear_JJ ;_; but_CCB public_JJ servants_NN2 ,_, like_II lawyers_NN2 (_( and_CC some_DD of_IO them_PPHO2 are_VBR both_DB2 )_) feel_VV0 happier_JJR if_CS there_EX is_VBZ room_NN1 for_IF argument_NN1 about_II what_DDQ words_NN2 are_VBR intended_VVN to_TO say_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL Clarity_NP1 is_VBZ a_AT1 strong_JJ light_NN1 which_DDQ only_RR free_JJ and_CC secure_JJ minds_NN2 are_VBR able_JK to_TO face_VVI without_IW uneasiness_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL My_APPGE friendship_NN1 with_IW Bill_NP1 Sutch_NP1 ,_, formed_VVN and_CC strengthened_VVN in_II more_RR21 than_RR22 twenty_MC years_NNT2 ,_, gave_VVD me_PPIO1 grounds_NN2 for_IF believing_VVG I_PPIS1 knew_VVD him_PPHO1 ,_, not_XX intimately_RR ,_, but_CCB well_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ therefore_RR quite_RG unprepared_JJ for_IF his_APPGE arrest_NN1 in_II 1974_MC and_CC for_IF impressions_NN2 of_IO the_AT man_NN1 given_VVN to_II us_PPIO2 during_II and_CC after_II the_AT trial_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ convinced_JJ of_IO his_APPGE innocence_NN1 ,_, and_CC told_VVD him_PPHO1 so_RR ;_; and_CC when_RRQ ,_, after_CS his_APPGE death_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ asked_VVN by_II Ray_NP1 Knox_NP1 to_TO write_VVI about_II him_PPHO1 for_IF a_AT1 revised_JJ edition_NN1 of_IO *1_NULL New_NP Zealand_NP1 's_GE Heritage_NN1 ,_, *0_NULL I_PPIS1 gave_VVD most_DAT of_IO my_APPGE space_NN1 to_II Bill_NP1 's_GE career_NN1 and_CC especially_RR to_II his_APPGE work_NN1 as_II a_AT1 writer_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 distinguished_JJ administrator_NN1 *-_- work_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 believe_VV0 ,_, which_DDQ only_RR a_AT1 patriot_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 man_NN1 who_PNQS really_RR cared_VVD about_II his_APPGE country_NN1 ,_, could_VM have_VHI done_VDN so_RG well_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL At_II the_AT end_NN1 of_IO the_AT article_NN1 I_PPIS1 wrote_VVD briefly_RR on_II the_AT arraignment_NN1 and_CC the_AT trial_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 tragedy_NN1 at_II the_AT end_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE life_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 said_VVD ,_, would_VM probably_RR receive_VVI more_DAR attention_NN1 ,_, in_II years_NNT2 to_TO come_VVI ,_, than_CSN his_APPGE achievements_NN2 as_II a_AT1 man_NN1 of_IO ideas_NN2 and_CC a_AT1 maker_NN1 of_IO policy_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *"_" Yet_RR future_JJ students_NN2 of_IO the_AT trial_NN1 ,_, **"_" I_PPIS1 added_VVD ,_, *"_" should_VM find_VVI that_CST the_AT man_NN1 at_II the_AT centre_NN1 of_IO it_PPH1 can_VM not_XX be_VBI seen_VVN or_CC understood_VVN in_II a_AT1 courtroom_NN1 alone_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 failure_NN1 to_TO look_VVI further_RRR ,_, to_TO enter_VVI upon_II a_AT1 search_NN1 for_IF the_AT whole_JJ man_NN1 ,_, would_VM be_VBI an_AT1 injustice_NN1 to_II a_AT1 remarkable_JJ New_JJ Zealander_NP1 ._. **"_" ^ |_NULL ^_NULL This_DD1 ,_, I_PPIS1 thought_VVD at_II the_AT time_NNT1 ,_, would_VM be_VBI for_IF me_PPIO1 the_AT end_NN1 of_IO the_AT matter_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Long_RR after_CS it_PPH1 was_VBDZ written_VVN ,_, however_RR ,_, I_PPIS1 came_VVD upon_II references_NN2 to_II Bill_NP1 in_II Margaret_NP1 Hayward_NP1 's_GE book_NN1 ,_, *1_NULL Diary_NN1 of_IO the_AT Kirk_NP1 Years_NNT2 ._. ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL I_PPIS1 noticed_VVD with_IW surprise_NN1 that_CST she_PPHS1 was_VBDZ unimpressed_JJ by_II Bill_NP1 when_RRQ she_PPHS1 lunched_VVD with_IW him_PPHO1 several_DA2 times_NNT2 *"_" and_CC listened_VVD to_II his_APPGE concerns_NN2 ,_, to_TO try_VVI to_TO stop_VVI him_PPHO1 bothering_VVG the_AT boss_NN1 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 wanted_VVD to_TO know_VVI him_PPHO1 better_RRR because_II21 of_II22 his_APPGE books_NN2 and_CC reputation_NN1 ,_, but_CCB remained_VVD puzzled_JJ and_CC disappointed_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL *"_" ..._... ^ Having_VHG lunch_NN1 with_IW him_PPHO1 ,_, I_PPIS1 see_VV0 little_JJ evidence_NN1 of_IO the_AT great_JJ man_NN1 he_PPHS1 is_VBZ reputed_VVN to_TO be_VBI ..._... ^ ^_NULL None_PN of_IO it_PPH1 adds_VVZ up_II21 to_II22 the_AT great_JJ egalitarian_NN1 I_PPIS1 've_VH0 heard_VVN so_RG much_DA1 about_RP over_II the_AT years_NNT2 ._. **"_" ^ ^_NULL Men_NN2 of_IO large_JJ achievement_NN1 do_VD0 not_XX always_RR go_VVI about_RP with_IW an_AT1 imprint_NN1 of_IO greatness_NN1 ,_, and_CC sometimes_RT would_VM not_XX be_VBI noticed_VVN in_II a_AT1 crowd_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL Nevertheless_RR there_EX was_VBDZ nothing_PN1 negative_JJ in_II Bill_NP1 's_GE personality_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ one_MC1 of_IO those_DD2 human_JJ dynamos_NN2 who_PNQS exude_VV0 vitality_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB such_DA men_NN2 grow_VV0 old_JJ ,_, like_II the_AT rest_NN1 of_IO us_PPIO2 ,_, and_CC suffer_VV0 ailments_NN2 about_II which_DDQ strangers_NN2 or_CC mere_JJ acquaintances_NN2 can_VM not_XX be_VBI expected_VVN to_TO know_VVI ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 did_VDD not_XX find_VVI it_PPH1 surprising_JJ ,_, however_RR ,_, that_CST Miss_NNB Hayward_NP1 received_VVD hints_NN2 of_IO acerbity_NN1 in_II Bill_NP1 Sutch_NP1 's_GE conversation_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ still_JJ chairman_NN1 of_IO the_AT Queen_NNB Elizabeth_NP1 *=_NULL II_MC Arts_NN2 Council_NNJ ,_, and_CC we_PPIS2 had_VHD grown_VVN used_VVN to_II occasional_JJ rumblings_NN2 from_II him_PPHO1 at_II that_DD1 time_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL His_APPGE chairmanship_NN1 had_VHD revealed_VVN an_AT1 authoritarian_JJ streak_NN1 which_DDQ was_VBDZ not_XX liked_VVN on_II the_AT council_NNJ or_CC in_II some_DD circles_NN2 outside_II it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ taken_VVN aback_RL ,_, however_RR ,_, to_TO learn_VVI from_II Miss_NNB Hayward_NP1 's_GE book_NN1 that_CST Bill_NP1 was_VBDZ asking_VVG for_IF a_AT1 knighthood_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Once_CS I_PPIS1 had_VHD digested_VVN this_DD1 information_NN1 I_PPIS1 found_VVD it_PPH1 significant_JJ and_CC characteristic_JJ that_CST he_PPHS1 wanted_VVD a_AT1 good_JJ one_PN1 *-_- *"_" equivalent_JJ at_RR21 least_RR22 to_II Sir_NNB Alister_NP1 McIntosh_NP1 's_GE **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL Sir_NNB Alister_NP1 had_VHD been_VBN head_NN1 of_IO the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 delegation_NN1 to_II the_AT United_JJ Nations_NN2 when_RRQ Bill_NP1 was_VBDZ Secretary-General_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 seemed_VVD not_XX improbable_JJ that_CST these_DD2 two_MC men_NN2 ,_, both_RR strong-minded_JJ ,_, and_CC obliged_VVD to_TO work_VVI very_RG close_RR together_RL in_II testing_VVG situations_NN2 ,_, had_VHD been_VBN caught_VVN up_RP in_II a_AT1 clash_NN1 of_IO personalities_NN2 ,_, perhaps_RR some_DD rivalry_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 would_VM not_XX have_VHI expected_VVN Bill_NP1 to_TO state_VVI his_APPGE case_NN1 so_RG openly_RR or_CC blatantly_RR to_II the_AT Prime_JJ Minister_NN1 's_VBZ secretary_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL At_RR21 first_RR22 I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ inclined_JJ to_TO attribute_VVI this_DD1 to_II vanity_NN1 ;_; but_CCB on_II reflection_NN1 I_PPIS1 began_VVD to_TO see_VVI that_CST his_APPGE wish_NN1 to_TO stand_VVI on_II equal_JJ *-_- or_CC higher_JJR *-_- terms_NN2 with_IW Sir_NNB Alister_NP1 McIntosh_NP1 could_VM be_VBI part_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 larger_JJR and_CC enduring_VVG thrust_NN1 towards_II recognition_NN1 which_DDQ had_VHD its_APPGE roots_NN2 in_II childhood_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Years_NNT2 earlier_RRR ,_, when_CS the_AT bookshelves_NN2 were_VBDR going_VVG up_RP in_II my_APPGE house_NN1 at_II Paekakariki_NP1 ,_, Bill_NP1 had_VHD spoken_VVN freely_RR to_II me_PPIO1 of_IO his_APPGE working_JJ class_NN1 origins_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ easier_JJR ,_, listening_VVG to_II him_PPHO1 ,_, to_TO understand_VVI why_RRQ so_RG much_DA1 of_IO his_APPGE work_NN1 had_VHD taken_VVN the_AT character_NN1 of_IO social_JJ crusade_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Bill_NP1 's_GE father_NN1 wanted_VVD him_PPHO1 to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 carpenter_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 skilled_JJ tradesman_NN1 like_II himself_PPX1 and_CC his_APPGE other_JJ two_MC sons_NN2 ,_, and_CC ultimately_RR a_AT1 member_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 building_NN1 firm_NNJ that_DD1 was_VBDZ to_TO be_VBI known_VVN as_II Sutch_NP1 and_CC Sons_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB his_APPGE mother_NN1 ,_, watching_VVG Bill_NP1 's_GE progress_NN1 at_II school_NN1 (_( and_CC listening_VVG to_II the_AT boy_NN1 's_VBZ headmaster_NN1 ,_, who_PNQS had_VHD recognised_VVN brilliance_NN1 )_) knew_VVD he_PPHS1 should_VM have_VHI a_AT1 secondary_JJ education_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Her_APPGE insistence_NN1 on_II this_DD1 divided_VVD the_AT family_NN ;_; but_CCB she_PPHS1 had_VHD her_APPGE way_NN1 ,_, and_CC Bill_NP1 never_RR forgot_VVD or_CC under-valued_VVD what_DDQ she_PPHS1 had_VHD done_VDN for_IF him_PPHO1 ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 was_VBDZ dead_JJ when_CS he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ asking_VVG for_IF a_AT1 knighthood_NN1 ,_, but_CCB I_PPIS1 am_VBM certain_JJ that_CST he_PPHS1 saw_VVD recognition_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE work_NN1 as_II a_AT1 tribute_NN1 to_II his_APPGE mother_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 knighthood_NN1 would_VM have_VHI been_VBN her_APPGE final_JJ justification_NN1 ,_, though_CS she_PPHS1 was_VBDZ no_RR21 longer_RR22 there_RL to_TO enjoy_VVI the_AT accolade_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 should_VM not_XX ,_, of_RR21 course_RR22 ,_, have_VH0 been_VBN necessary_JJ to_TO ask_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL Bill_NP1 proposed_VVD other_JJ people_NN for_IF honours_NN2 ,_, often_RR successfully_RR ,_, and_CC he_PPHS1 knew_VVD his_APPGE own_DA worth_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT fact_NN1 that_CST he_PPHS1 did_VDD ask_VVI was_VBDZ one_MC1 of_IO the_AT few_DA2 indications_NN2 that_CST all_DB was_VBDZ not_XX well_JJ with_IW him_PPHO1 ,_, but_CCB they_PPHS2 were_VBDR given_VVN to_II someone_PN1 who_PNQS did_VDD not_XX know_VVI or_CC understand_VVI his_APPGE background_NN1 and_CC could_VM not_XX see_VVI their_APPGE significance_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Stranger_NN1 still_RR ,_, however_RR ,_, were_VBDR revelations_NN2 in_II the_AT *1_NULL Diary_NN1 of_IO the_AT Kirk_NP1 Years_NNT2 *0_NULL entry_NN1 for_IF 2_MC August_NPM1 1974_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL Brigadier_NNB Gilbert_NP1 had_VHD called_VVN on_II Norman_NP1 Kirk_NP1 to_TO tell_VVI him_PPHO1 *"_" something_PN1 serious_JJ **"_" about_II William_NP1 Ball_NP1 Sutch_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT {_NULL SIS_NN1 }_NULL ,_, said_VVD the_AT Prime_JJ Minister_NN1 to_II his_APPGE secretary_NN1 ,_, had_VHD suspected_VVN Bill_NN1 of_IO *"_" being_VBG a_AT1 spy_NN1 **"_" for_IF more_RR21 than_RR22 twenty_MC years_NNT2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 seemed_VVD odd_JJ to_II me_PPIO1 ,_, as_CSA it_PPH1 did_VDD also_RR to_II Miss_NNB Hayward_NP1 ,_, that_CST the_AT {_NULL SIS_NN1 }_NULL had_VHD to_TO wait_VVI so_RG long_RR before_CS it_PPH1 felt_VVD able_JJ to_TO take_VVI action_NN1 against_II this_DD1 *"_" sinister_JJ figure_NN1 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC when_CS at_RR21 last_RR22 the_AT action_NN1 came_VVD the_AT evidence_NN1 was_VBDZ not_XX strong_JJ enough_RR to_TO convince_VVI a_AT1 jury_NNJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL For_IF me_PPIO1 ,_, however_RR ,_, the_AT strangest_JJT part_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 entry_NN1 was_VBDZ Kirk_NP1 's_GE reaction_NN1 to_II the_AT news_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 had_VHD listened_VVN to_II allegations_NN2 from_II Gilbert_NP1 about_II *"_" the_AT activities_NN2 of_IO \_NULL Dr_NNB Sutch_NP1 and_CC another_DD1 New_JJ Zealander_NP1 in_II refugee_NN1 relief_NN1 during_II the_AT war_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT means_NN by_II which_DDQ they_PPHS2 had_VHD acquired_VVN substantial_JJ assets_NN2 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC Miss_NNB Hayward_NP1 continued_VVD :_: ^_NULL *"_" Although_CS \_NULL Dr_NNB Sutch_NP1 lets_VVZ people_NN think_NN1 he_PPHS1 is_VBZ a_AT1 man_NN1 who_PNQS ca_VM n't_XX afford_VVI a_AT1 car_NN1 ,_, he_PPHS1 is_VBZ in_II fact_NN1 living_VVG a_AT1 double_JJ life_NN1 and_CC is_VBZ very_RG rich_JJ ._. **"_" ^ ^_NULL Kirk_NP1 's_GE attitude_NN1 to_II Bill_NP1 was_VBDZ immediately_RR and_CC violently_RR transformed_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL *"_" \_NULL Mr_NNB \_NULL K._NP1 used_VMK to_TO be_VBI gentle_JJ with_IW \_NULL Dr_NNB Sutch_NP1 ,_, **"_" wrote_VVD Miss_NNB Hayward_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *"_" When_CS I_PPIS1 'd_VHD asked_VVN why_RRQ he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ so_RG patient_JJ with_IW him_PPHO1 he_PPHS1 had_VHD explained_VVN that_CST he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ an_AT1 elderly_JJ man_NN1 *'_" who_PNQS ca_VM n't_XX have_VHI much_RR money_NN1 ,_, no_AT future_NN1 but_CCB an_AT1 old_JJ age_NN1 pension_NN1 ,_, and_CC has_VHZ only_RR his_APPGE reputation_NN1 to_TO cling_VVI to_RP **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 had_VHD excused_VVN \_NULL Dr_NNB Sutch_NP1 's_GE arrogance_NN1 by_II saying_VVG he_PPHS1 wore_VVD it_PPH1 like_II a_AT1 threadbare_JJ cloak_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Now_RT he_PPHS1 is_VBZ furious_JJ ._. **"_" ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Norman_NP1 Kirk_NP1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 large_JJ ,_, compassionate_JJ man_NN1 ,_, but_CCB he_PPHS1 may_VM have_VHI seen_VVN some_DD people_NN as_CSA through_II a_AT1 screen_NN1 ,_, transparent_JJ and_CC yet_RR deceiving_VVG ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 moved_VVD too_RG readily_RR from_II his_APPGE earlier_JJR uninformed_JJ impression_NN1 of_IO Bill_NP1 Sutch_NP1 to_II the_AT caricature_NN1 brought_VVN to_II him_PPHO1 by_II Brigadier_NNB Gilbert_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 knew_VVD Bill_NP1 to_TO be_VBI vain_JJ ,_, and_CC I_PPIS1 thought_VVD he_PPHS1 could_VM be_VBI arrogant_JJ in_II some_DD company_NN1 and_CC situations_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 man_NN1 of_IO strong_JJ opinions_NN2 who_PNQS did_VDD not_XX always_RR try_VVI to_TO conceal_VVI them_PPHO2 ._. ^ (_( ^_NULL *"_" Bloody_JJ Americans_NN2 !_! **"_" he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ heard_VVN to_TO mutter_VVI one_MC1 day_NNT1 at_II a_AT1 reception_NN1 in_II the_AT United_NP States_NP1 embassy_NN1 ,_, looking_VVG balefully_RR across_II Lorna_NP1 's_GE head_NN1 at_II a_AT1 bunch_NN1 of_IO diplomats_NN2 not_XX far_RR away_RL ._. )_) ^ ^_NULL But_CCB if_CS he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ not_XX a_AT1 spy_NN1 (_( and_CC a_AT1 jury_NNJ said_VVD he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ n't_XX )_) he_PPHS1 had_VHD no_AT need_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 *"_" double_JJ life_NN1 **"_" ,_, unless_CS of_RR21 course_RR22 he_PPHS1 had_VHD a_AT1 hidden_JJ mistress_NN1 ,_, and_CC for_IF that_DD1 sort_NN1 of_IO adventure_NN1 a_AT1 pretence_NN1 of_IO poverty_NN1 would_VM be_VBI an_AT1 eccentric_JJ irrelevancy_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 knew_VVD nothing_PN1 of_IO Bill_NP1 's_GE financial_JJ affairs_NN2 ,_, and_CC he_PPHS1 may_VM well_RR have_VHI been_VBN richer_JJR than_CSN I_PPIS1 would_VM have_VHI expected_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL If_CS ,_, however_RR ,_, he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ trying_VVG to_TO *"_" cry_VVI poor_JJ **"_" (_( as_CSA Kirk_NP1 seemed_VVD to_TO believe_VVI after_II Brigadier_NNB Gilbert_NP1 's_GE visit_NN1 )_) ,_, his_APPGE imitation_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 old_JJ man_NN1 who_PNQS could_VM do_VDI with_IW a_AT1 little_JJ help_NN1 (_( including_II a_AT1 knighthood_NN1 !_! )_) was_VBDZ singularly_RR unconvincing_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 am_VBM quite_RG sure_JJ that_CST Bill_NP1 had_VHD no_AT intention_NN1 to_TO *"_" let_VVI people_NN think_NN1 he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 man_NN1 who_PNQS could_VM not_XX afford_VVI a_AT1 car_NN1 **"_" ;_; and_CC I_PPIS1 noticed_VVD with_IW interest_NN1 this_DD1 use_NN1 of_IO car_NN1 ownership_NN1 ,_, by_II Miss_NNB Hayward_NP1 ,_, as_II an_AT1 illustration_NN1 of_IO normalcy_NN1 in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 life_NN1 ,_, the_AT fact_NN1 which_DDQ separates_VVZ undeniably_RR the_AT haves_NN2 and_CC the_AT have-nots_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Bill_NP1 was_VBDZ without_IW a_AT1 car_NN1 because_CS he_PPHS1 did_VDD not_XX want_VVI one_PN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Arnold_NP1 Campbell_NP1 ,_, of_IO whom_PNQO I_PPIS1 have_VH0 already_RR written_VVN ,_, a_AT1 Director_NN1 of_IO Education_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 man_NN1 of_IO strong_JJ intellect_NN1 ,_, felt_VVD the_AT same_DA way_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC so_RR did_VDD I_PPIS1 ,_, though_CS I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ the_AT only_JJ one_PN1 of_IO the_AT three_MC at_II that_DD1 time_NNT1 who_PNQS could_VM not_XX have_VHI found_VVN money_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 car_NN1 ,_, even_CS21 if_CS22 I_PPIS1 had_VHD longed_VVN for_IF it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL None_PN of_IO us_PPIO2 liked_VVD cars_NN2 ;_; and_CC in_II Wellington_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 city_NN1 well_RR served_VVN by_II taxis_NN2 and_CC buses_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 could_VM manage_VVI very_RG well_RR without_IW them_PPHO2 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX are_VBR many_DA2 such_DA people_NN in_II cities_NN2 larger_JJR than_CSN Wellington_NP1 (_( especially_RR in_II London_NP1 )_) ;_; but_CCB only_RR in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 ,_, surely_RR ,_, could_VM a_AT1 habit_NN1 of_IO living_VVG without_IW a_AT1 car_NN1 be_VBI seen_VVN as_II an_AT1 idiosyncrasy_NN1 or_CC a_AT1 badge_NN1 of_IO poverty_NN1 ,_, rather_RG strange_JJ and_CC almost_RR shameful_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT charade_NN1 which_DDQ worried_JJ Norman_NP1 Kirk_NP1 ,_, when_CS Brigadier_NNB Gilbert_NP1 allegedly_RR uncovered_VVD it_PPH1 ,_, was_VBDZ not_XX visible_JJ in_II the_AT haunts_NN2 of_IO public_JJ servants_NN2 and_CC businessmen_NN2 as_CSA I_PPIS1 saw_VVD them_PPHO2 on_II Lambton_NP1 Quay_NP1 and_CC under_II the_AT hills_NN2 of_IO Thorndon_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Bill_NP1 Sutch_NP1 dressed_VVD well_RR and_CC was_VBDZ usually_RR immaculate_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ seen_VVN much_RR in_RR21 public_RR22 ,_, not_XX only_RR in_II Wellington_NP1 ,_, but_CCB in_II various_JJ parts_NN2 of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 whence_RRQ came_VVD press_NN reports_NN2 of_IO his_APPGE speeches_NN2 on_II social_JJ issues_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT work_NN1 he_PPHS1 had_VHD done_VDN while_CS Secretary_NP1 of_IO Industries_NNJ2 and_CC Commerce_NN1 ,_, creative_JJ in_II its_APPGE range_NN1 of_IO ideas_NN2 and_CC action_NN1 ,_, did_VDD not_XX end_VVI when_RRQ the_AT Holyoake_NP1 Government_NNJ asked_VVD him_PPHO1 to_TO retire_VVI ,_, at_II the_AT age_NN1 of_IO fifty-eight_MC ,_, in_II 1965_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL As_II an_AT1 economic_JJ and_CC industrial_JJ consultant_NN1 he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ widely_RR known_VVN in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 and_CC abroad_RL ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 190+TEXT+G03_FO **]_NULL ^ *<_NULL *6_NULL THE_AT PATH_NN1 TO_II PACIFISM_NN1 (_( 1919-1934_MCMC )_) *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *2_NULL A_AT1 CONSTANT_JJ DILEMMA_NN1 *0_NULL of_IO mankind_NN1 is_VBZ how_RRQ to_TO translate_VVI ideals_NN2 into_II reality_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Millions_NNO2 of_IO soldiers_NN2 had_VHD been_VBN prepared_VVN to_TO use_VVI all_DB the_AT devilish_JJ and_CC bestial_JJ methods_NN2 available_JJ because_CS they_PPHS2 believed_VVD that_CST these_DD2 were_VBDR the_AT only_JJ means_NN by_II which_DDQ autocracy_NN1 and_CC militarism_NN1 could_VM be_VBI overthrown_VVN ,_, and_CC peace_NN1 and_CC freedom_NN1 brought_VVN to_II the_AT world_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL So_RR great_JJ ,_, however_RR ,_, was_VBDZ the_AT suffering_NN1 endured_VVN by_II the_AT victors_NN2 that_CST their_APPGE will_NN1 to_II peace_NN1 was_VBDZ thwarted_VVN by_II their_APPGE urge_NN1 for_IF revenge_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Very_RG few_DA2 of_IO those_DD2 who_PNQS held_VVD power_NN1 had_VHD sufficient_JJ magnanimity_NN1 or_CC foresight_VV0 to_TO seek_VVI lasting_VVG peace_NN1 through_II forgiveness_NN1 and_CC reconciliation_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Burton_NP1 listened_VVD eagerly_RR to_II the_AT voices_NN2 of_IO the_AT leaders_NN2 of_IO the_AT British_JJ Labour_JJ Party_NNJ ,_, Ramsay_NP1 MacDonald_NP1 and_CC George_NP1 Lansbury_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS were_VBDR pacifists_NN2 and_CC believed_VVD that_CST a_AT1 conciliatory_JJ hand_NN1 of_IO friendship_NN1 was_VBDZ the_AT best_JJT way_NN1 to_TO heal_VVI the_AT wounds_NN2 of_IO war_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB other_JJ voices_NN2 prevailed_VVD in_II the_AT general_JJ election_NN1 that_CST followed_VVD the_AT Armistice_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Leaders_NN2 of_IO the_AT Coalition_NN1 Government_NNJ ,_, Lloyd_NP1 George_NP1 and_CC Winston_NP1 Churchill_NP1 ,_, went_VVD to_II the_AT country_NN1 with_IW the_AT slogans_NN2 Hang_VV0 the_AT Kaiser_NN1 and_CC Make_VV0 Germany_NP1 Pay_NN1 ,_, and_CC they_PPHS2 won_VVD an_AT1 overwhelming_JJ victory_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL This_DD1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 shock_NN1 to_II Burton_NP1 's_GE idealism_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Was_VBDZ this_DD1 vindictiveness_NN1 the_AT way_NN1 *"_" to_TO end_VVI war_NN1 **"_" ,_, *"_" to_TO make_VVI a_AT1 world_NN1 safe_NN1 for_IF democracy_NN1 **"_" ,_, or_CC *"_" to_TO make_VVI a_AT1 land_NN1 fit_VVI for_IF heroes_NN2 to_TO live_VVI in_II **"_" *-_- all_DB aims_NN2 for_IF which_DDQ he_PPHS1 had_VHD fought_VVN so_RG bitterly_RR and_CC with_IW such_DA compromising_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE Christian_JJ principles_NN2 ?_? ^ ^_NULL But_CCB if_CS he_PPHS1 lost_VVD faith_NN1 in_II Lloyd_NP1 George_NP1 and_CC his_APPGE punitive_JJ Treaty_NN1 of_IO Versailles_NP1 ,_, Burton_NP1 held_VVD on_RP to_II the_AT hope_NN1 that_CST the_AT League_NNJ of_IO Nations_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ President_NNB Wilson_NP1 was_VBDZ coming_VVG to_II Europe_NP1 to_TO set_VVI up_RP ,_, could_VM fashion_VVI a_AT1 world_NN1 without_IW wars_NN2 ,_, the_AT future_NN1 for_IF which_DDQ so_RG many_DA2 of_IO his_APPGE mates_NN2 had_VHD suffered_VVN and_CC died_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ possible_JJ that_CST if_CS Germany_NP1 had_VHD been_VBN treated_VVN with_IW more_DAR tolerance_NN1 and_CC compassion_NN1 ,_, an_AT1 answering_JJ chord_NN1 of_IO goodwill_NN1 might_VM have_VHI led_VVN to_II a_AT1 juster_JJR and_CC stabler_JJR world_NN1 than_CSN that_DD1 which_DDQ eventually_RR emerged_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 leaflet_NN1 entitled_VVD *"_" A_AT1 Parting_JJ Word_NN1 **"_" was_VBDZ put_VVN into_II the_AT hand_NN1 of_IO British_JJ prisoners-of-war_NN2 on_II their_APPGE way_NN1 home_RL from_II German_JJ prison_NN1 camps_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 said_VVD ,_, *1_NULL inter_RR21 alia_RR22 ,_, **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL After_CS his_APPGE {_NULL OTC_NN1 }_NULL course_NN1 Burton_NP1 spent_VVD some_DD time_NNT1 doing_NN1 research_NN1 into_II church_NN1 work_NN1 among_II boys_NN2 and_CC young_JJ men_NN2 in_II London_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Then_RT some_DD Presbyterian_JJ Bible_NN1 Class_NN1 men_NN2 from_II the_AT Division_NNJ who_PNQS were_VBDR in_II London_NP1 said_VVD they_PPHS2 would_VM recommend_VVI Burton_NP1 for_IF the_AT position_NN1 of_IO Travelling_JJ Secretary_NN1 of_IO the_AT Presbyterian_JJ Young_JJ Men_NN2 's_GE Bible_NN1 Class_NN1 Union_NNJ in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO be_VBI considered_VVN for_IF the_AT position_NN1 ,_, however_RR ,_, Burton_NP1 was_VBDZ told_VVN he_PPHS1 should_VM endeavour_VVI to_TO return_VVI to_TO New_NP Zealand_NP1 to_TO attend_VVI the_AT Easter_NNT1 Camp_NP1 and_CC Conference_NNJ of_IO the_AT Movement_NNJ ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ able_JK to_TO get_VVI a_AT1 passage_NN1 on_II the_AT *1_NULL Hororata_NP1 ,_, *0_NULL the_AT first_MD boat_NN1 to_TO take_VVI fit_JJ men_NN2 home_RL ,_, and_CC he_PPHS1 went_VVD as_II the_AT {_NULL YMCA_NN1 }_NULL representative_NN1 on_RL21 board_RL22 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL During_II the_AT voyage_NN1 Burton_NP1 spoke_VVD to_II two_MC large_JJ meetings_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL His_APPGE first_MD speech_NN1 was_VBDZ on_II the_AT liquor_NN1 question_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II April_NPM1 1919_MC a_ZZ1 special_JJ vote_NN1 was_VBDZ to_TO be_VBI taken_VVN in_RP New_NP Zealand_NP1 whether_CSW to_TO prohibit_VVI the_AT sale_NN1 of_IO liquor_NN1 or_CC allow_VV0 for_IF its_APPGE continuance_NN1 ,_, and_CC provision_NN1 was_VBDZ to_TO be_VBI made_VVN to_TO record_VVI the_AT votes_NN2 of_IO the_AT many_DA2 soldiers_NN2 who_PNQS would_VM still_RR be_VBI overseas_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Burton_NP1 argued_VVD vehemently_RR in_II31 favour_II32 of_II33 prohibition_NN1 ,_, but_CCB the_AT majority_NN of_IO the_AT soldiers_NN2 at_II the_AT meeting_NN1 believed_VVD it_PPH1 was_VBDZ wrong_JJ to_TO inhibit_VVI people_NN 's_GE freedom_NN1 to_TO choose_VVI for_IF themselves_PPX2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT second_MD speech_NN1 revealed_VVD Burton_NP1 's_GE tolerance_NN1 towards_II the_AT aims_NN2 of_IO the_AT Russian_JJ revolutionaries_NN2 even_CS21 if_CS22 he_PPHS1 disagreed_VVD with_IW their_APPGE methods_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ the_AT old_JJ argument_NN1 of_IO weighing_VVG up_RP the_AT good_JJ of_IO social_JJ betterment_NN1 and_CC individual_JJ freedom_NN1 against_II the_AT evils_NN2 of_IO autocracy_NN1 and_CC serfdom_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB in_II the_AT short_JJ view_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ was_VBDZ all_DB Burton_NP1 had_VHD ,_, he_PPHS1 could_VM not_XX see_VVI that_CST the_AT violent_JJ means_NN used_VVN by_II the_AT Communists_NN2 stultified_VVD the_AT good_JJ ends_NN2 for_IF which_DDQ they_PPHS2 were_VBDR used_VVN :_: for_CS they_PPHS2 resulted_VVD in_II a_AT1 centralised_JJ control_NN1 that_CST restricted_VVD the_AT very_JJ freedoms_NN2 Communists_NN2 were_VBDR striving_VVG for_IF ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT long_JJ voyage_NN1 back_RP to_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 ,_, with_IW only_RR one_MC1 stop_NN1 at_II Colon_NN1 ,_, ended_VVN at_II Wellington_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Aucklanders_NP1 had_VHD hoped_VVN that_CST they_PPHS2 could_VM travel_VVI home_RL overland_NN1 by_II a_AT1 special_JJ train_NN1 ,_, but_CCB the_AT people_NN of_IO Auckland_NP1 wanted_VVD to_TO savour_VVI their_APPGE triumphal_JJ arrival_NN1 by_II sea_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL When_CS the_AT *1_NULL Hororata_NP1 *0_NULL berthed_VVD a_DD221 few_DD222 days_NNT2 later_RRR it_PPH1 received_VVD an_AT1 emotional_JJ welcome_NN1 ,_, with_IW crowds_NN2 thronging_VVG every_AT1 pier_NN1 ,_, street_NN1 and_CC height_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL What_DDQ a_AT1 joy_NN1 it_PPH1 was_VBDZ for_IF Ormond_NP1 Burton_NP1 to_TO meet_VVI all_DB his_APPGE family_NN again_RT :_: mother_NN1 ,_, father_NN1 ,_, uncles_NN2 ,_, brothers_NN2 and_CC sisters_NN2 (_( especially_RR Dorothy_NP1 who_PNQS had_VHD been_VBN desperately_RR ill_JJ )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ deeply_RR relieved_VVN that_CST none_PN had_VHD been_VBN taken_VVN by_II the_AT widespread_JJ influenza_NN1 epidemic_NN1 that_CST had_VHD swept_VVN New_NP Zealand_NP1 while_CS the_AT troops_NN2 were_VBDR at_II sea_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Burton_NP1 knew_VVD that_CST the_AT change_NN1 from_II soldier_NN1 into_II civilian_NN1 would_VM not_XX be_VBI easy_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Four_MC years_NNT2 of_IO intense_JJ ,_, continuous_JJ fighting_NN1 and_CC absence_NN1 from_II stimulating_JJ intellectual_JJ associations_NN2 and_CC reading_NN1 had_VHD hindered_VVN his_APPGE mental_JJ development_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB he_PPHS1 revelled_VVD in_II the_AT freedom_NN1 of_IO civilian_JJ life_NN1 with_IW its_APPGE promise_NN1 of_IO new_JJ ,_, challenging_VVG opportunities_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ given_VVN an_AT1 enthusiastic_JJ welcome_NN1 at_II the_AT Bible_NN1 Class_NN1 Easter_NNT1 Conference_NNJ held_VVD at_II Palmerston_NP1 North_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 spoke_VVD earnestly_RR on_II what_DDQ he_PPHS1 considered_VVD the_AT three_MC most_RGT urgent_JJ concerns_NN2 :_: Christian_JJ social_JJ action_NN1 ,_, the_AT making_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 just_JJ and_CC lasting_VVG peace_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT union_NN of_IO the_AT Christian_JJ churches_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB these_DD2 views_NN2 ,_, although_CS heartily_RR applauded_VVD by_II the_AT youth_NN of_IO the_AT Conference_NNJ ,_, were_VBDR rather_RG disturbing_JJ to_II the_AT hierarchy_NN1 of_IO the_AT Presbyterian_JJ Church_NNJ and_CC he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ not_XX offered_VVN the_AT position_NN1 of_IO Travelling_JJ Secretary_NN1 of_IO the_AT {_NULL YM_NN1 }_NULL Bible_NN1 Class_NN1 Union_NNJ he_PPHS1 had_VHD so_RG much_RR hoped_VVN to_TO get_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ the_AT first_MD time_NNT1 he_PPHS1 had_VHD stubbed_VVN his_APPGE toe_NN1 against_II the_AT leaders_NN2 of_IO orthodoxy_NN1 ;_; it_PPH1 was_VBDZ not_XX to_TO be_VBI the_AT last_MD ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Back_RP at_II home_NN1 in_II Remuera_NP1 Burton_NP1 re-established_VVD his_APPGE links_NN2 with_IW \_NULL St_NP Luke_NP1 's_GE ,_, and_CC became_VVD leader_NN1 of_IO the_AT Junior_JJ Bible_NN1 Class_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL With_IW the_AT referendum_NN1 on_II liquor_NN1 soon_RR to_TO be_VBI held_VVN ,_, he_PPHS1 spoke_VVD at_II some_DD meetings_NN2 ,_, mostly_RR in_II the_AT open_JJ air_NN1 ,_, for_IF the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 Alliance_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 wanted_VVD to_TO return_VVI to_II teaching_NN1 ,_, but_CCB before_II applying_VVG for_IF positions_NN2 he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ persuaded_VVN by_II the_AT Army_NNJ to_TO help_VVI with_IW the_AT vocational_JJ training_NN1 of_IO men_NN2 in_II hospital_NN1 with_IW war_NN1 injuries_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL With_IW his_APPGE usual_JJ passion_NN1 for_IF work_NN1 he_PPHS1 returned_VVD to_II the_AT university_NN1 during_II this_DD1 four-month_JJ period_NN1 to_TO complete_VVI his_APPGE Bachelor_NN1 of_IO Arts_NN2 degree_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Changes_NN2 in_II degree_NN1 regulations_NN2 favoured_VVD him_PPHO1 ,_, for_CS he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ now_RT required_VVN to_TO pass_VVI only_RR in_II History_NN1 and_CC not_XX in_II the_AT two_MC uncompleted_JJ units_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ able_JK to_TO do_VDI ,_, though_CS not_XX at_II very_RG high_JJ levels_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Then_RT ,_, having_VHG gained_VVN his_APPGE {_NULL BA_NN1 }_NULL ,_, he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ determined_VVN to_TO proceed_VVI to_II a_AT1 Master_NN1 of_IO Arts_NN2 degree_NN1 in_II which_DDQ he_PPHS1 aspired_VVD to_TO gain_VVI First_MD Class_NN1 Honours_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL At_II this_DD1 stage_NN1 he_PPHS1 would_VM have_VHI accepted_VVN a_AT1 position_NN1 on_II the_AT staff_NN of_IO Auckland_NP1 Grammar_NN1 School_NNL1 but_CCB the_AT headmaster_NN1 ,_, like_II the_AT Church_NNJ leaders_NN2 ,_, was_VBDZ suspicious_JJ of_IO any_DD unorthodoxy_NN1 ,_, and_CC wanted_VVD Burton_NP1 to_TO undertake_VVI not_XX to_TO introduce_VVI any_DD *"_" disputatious_JJ ideas_NN2 **"_" into_II his_APPGE teaching_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB Burton_NP1 's_GE fearless_JJ honesty_NN1 refused_VVD to_TO allow_VVI him_PPHO1 to_TO give_VVI such_DA a_AT1 promise_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL During_II 1919_MC Burton_NP1 published_VVD *1_NULL The_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 Division_NNJ ,_, *0_NULL an_AT1 extension_NN1 and_CC enlargement_NN1 of_IO *1_NULL Our_APPGE Little_JJ Bit_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL He_PPHS1 had_VHD joined_VVN the_AT Returned_JJ Servicemen_NN2 's_GE Association_NNJ to_TO maintain_VVI the_AT comradeship_NN1 of_IO the_AT front_NN1 and_CC to_TO be_VBI better_JJR able_JJ to_TO help_VVI many_DA2 of_IO the_AT ex-servicemen_NN2 suffering_VVG in_II body_NN1 and_CC mind_NN1 because_II21 of_II22 the_AT war_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ ,_, however_RR ,_, very_RG critical_JJ of_IO the_AT vengeful_JJ attitude_NN1 of_IO some_DD of_IO the_AT veterans_NN2 of_IO the_AT Association_NNJ towards_II the_AT Germans_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL On_II one_MC1 occasion_NN1 they_PPHS2 organised_VVD a_AT1 large_JJ meeting_NN1 in_II the_AT Auckland_NP Town_NNL1 Hall_NP1 to_TO urge_VVI the_AT Government_NNJ to_TO cease_VVI all_DB trade_NN1 with_IW Germany_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL With_IW two_MC other_JJ veterans_NN2 who_PNQS held_VVD more_RGR humane_JJ views_NN2 *-_- John_NP1 Lee_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 rationalist_NN1 from_II Wellington_NP1 ,_, and_CC David_NP1 Herron_NP1 ,_, chaplain_NN1 to_II Otago_NP1 *-_- ^_NULL Burton_NP1 spoke_VVD strongly_RR against_II the_AT proposal_NN1 and_CC the_AT three_MC were_VBDR almost_RR able_JK to_TO prevent_VVI its_APPGE adoption_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Significantly_NP1 ,_, no_AT more_DAR was_VBDZ heard_VVN of_IO the_AT No_AT More_DAR Trade_NN1 movement_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL John_NP1 \_NULL A._NP1 Lee_NP1 and_CC David_NP1 Herron_NP1 each_DD1 had_VHD memories_NN2 of_IO this_DD1 exciting_JJ meeting_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II an_AT1 interview_NN1 Lee_NP1 said:QXa_FO *"_" The_AT {_NULL R.S.A._NP1 }_NULL and_CC a_AT1 group_NN of_IO patriots_NN2 decided_VVN after_II World_NN1 War_NN1 *=_NULL I_ZZ1 to_TO hold_VVI a_AT1 Town_NN1 Hall_NNL1 meeting_NN1 and_CC move_VVI a_AT1 resolution_NN1 that_CST they_PPHS2 would_VM never_RR trade_VVI with_IW Germany_NP1 again_RT ._. ^ ^_NULL As_RR51 a_RR52 matter_RR53 of_RR54 fact_RR55 some_DD of_IO the_AT speakers_NN2 said_VVD that_CST they_PPHS2 would_VM rather_RR cut_VVI off_RP their_APPGE hands_NN2 than_CSN trade_NN1 with_IW Germany_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Now_RT I_PPIS1 had_VHD had_VHN verbal_JJ contact_NN1 with_IW Ormond_NP1 Burton_NP1 and_CC I_PPIS1 decided_VVD that_CST we_PPIS2 should_VM go_VVI and_CC move_VVI an_AT1 amendment_NN1 to_II that_DD1 resolution_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Town_NN1 Hall_NNL1 in_II Auckland_NP1 was_VBDZ full_JJ ,_, a_AT1 couple_NN1 of_IO thousand_NNO there_RL and_CC I_PPIS1 would_VM say_VVI 1,500_MC of_IO them_PPHO2 feeling_VVG the_AT same_DA way_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL So_RR I_PPIS1 moved_VVD an_AT1 amendment_NN1 along_II these_DD2 lines_NN2 *-_- that_CST the_AT resolution_NN1 was_VBDZ stupid_JJ and_CC it_PPH1 would_VM only_RR create_VVI the_AT seeds_NN2 of_IO war_NN1 and_CC distrust_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 spoke_VVD first_MD ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ in_II amazing_JJ form_NN1 at_II that_DD1 moment_NN1 and_CC I_PPIS1 swept_VVD the_AT damned_JJ audience_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 sat_VVD down_RP amid_II thunderous_JJ cheers_NN2 and_CC Ormond_NP1 got_VVD up_RG21 to_RG22 second_MD the_AT amendment_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 delivered_VVD a_AT1 good_JJ speech_NN1 but_CCB always_RR confessed_VVD afterwards_RT that_CST he_PPHS1 should_VM never_RR have_VHI delivered_VVN the_AT speech_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 should_VM have_VHI moved_VVN that_CST the_AT amendment_NN1 be_VBI put_VVN the_AT moment_NN1 I_PPIS1 sat_VVD down_RP ._. **"_" ^ |_NULL ^_NULL David_NP1 Herron_NP1 ,_, years_NNT2 after_CS ,_, reminded_VVD Burton_NP1 of_IO this_DD1 meeting_NN1 in_II a_AT1 letter_NN1 ,_, remembering_VVG how_RRQ they_PPHS2 only_RR had_VHD one_MC1 {_NULL RSA_NN1 }_NULL badge_NN1 among_II them_PPHO2 and_CC each_DD1 lent_VVD it_PPH1 to_II the_AT other_JJ before_CS he_PPHS1 stood_VVD up_RP to_TO speak_VVI ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Due_II21 to_II22 his_APPGE previous_JJ war_NN1 writings_NN2 and_CC his_APPGE first-hand_JJ experience_NN1 of_IO the_AT war_NN1 ,_, Burton_NP1 was_VBDZ asked_VVN by_II the_AT Regimental_JJ Committee_NNJ to_TO write_VVI the_AT official_JJ history_NN1 of_IO the_AT Auckland_NP1 Regiment_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Although_CS he_PPHS1 had_VHD become_VVN disillusioned_VVD by_II the_AT post-war_JJ debasement_NN1 of_IO the_AT war_NN1 aims_NN2 ,_, he_PPHS1 felt_VVD that_CST the_AT heroism_NN1 and_CC self-sacrifice_NN1 of_IO thousands_NNO2 of_IO men_NN2 should_VM never_RR be_VBI forgotten_VVN ,_, so_CS he_PPHS1 willingly_RR undertook_VVD this_DD1 demanding_JJ task_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Besides_RR ,_, he_PPHS1 could_VM also_RR submit_VVI it_PPH1 as_II the_AT thesis_NN1 for_IF his_APPGE Honours_NN2 degree_NN1 ,_, as_CS31 long_CS32 as_CS33 he_PPHS1 wrote_VVD it_PPH1 within_II a_AT1 year_NNT1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT writing_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 book_NN1 was_VBDZ Burton_NP1 's_GE main_JJ preoccupation_NN1 during_II 1920_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL Alongside_II his_APPGE own_DA experiences_NN2 he_PPHS1 had_VHD to_TO write_VVI those_DD2 of_IO others_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL To_TO gain_VVI a_AT1 full_JJ and_CC accurate_JJ account_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 was_VBDZ very_RG difficult_JJ ,_, because_CS the_AT piles_NN2 of_IO Divisional_JJ ,_, Brigade_NNJ and_CC Battalion_NN1 diaries_NN2 he_PPHS1 had_VHD to_TO search_VVI through_RP were_VBDR usually_RR poorly_RR written_VVN ,_, and_CC the_AT most_RRT he_PPHS1 gained_VVD from_II them_PPHO2 were_VBDR the_AT bare_JJ essentials_NN2 of_IO movements_NN2 ,_, places_NN2 and_CC losses_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ only_RR through_II extensive_JJ interviews_NN2 with_IW servicemen_NN2 that_CST he_PPHS1 could_VM learn_VVI the_AT opinions_NN2 of_IO his_APPGE fellow-soldiers_NN2 and_CC express_VV0 the_AT suspense_NN1 and_CC danger_NN1 that_CST the_AT men_NN2 suffered_VVD in_II the_AT trenches_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Yet_RR he_PPHS1 did_VDD finish_VVI his_APPGE manuscript_NN1 in_II time_NNT1 ,_, and_CC it_PPH1 was_VBDZ submitted_VVN for_IF publication_NN1 and_CC for_IF his_APPGE {_NULL MA_NN1 }_NULL degree_NN1 as_II the_AT year_NNT1 closed_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT book_NN1 ,_, *1_NULL Official_JJ History_NN1 of_IO the_AT Auckland_NP1 Regiment_NN1 ,_, *0_NULL was_VBDZ a_AT1 huge_JJ success_NN1 and_CC was_VBDZ very_RG well_RR reviewed_VVN when_CS it_PPH1 came_VVD off_II the_AT press_NN in_II late_RR 1921_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB to_II his_APPGE intense_JJ disappointment_NN1 the_AT examiner_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE thesis_NN1 in_II England_NP1 gave_VVD it_PPH1 only_JJ 55%_NNU ,_, referring_VVG to_II it_PPH1 as_RG *"_" descriptive_JJ journalism_NN1 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II31 addition_II32 to_II33 writing_VVG the_AT thesis_NN1 ,_, Burton_NP1 had_VHD to_TO sit_VVI examinations_NN2 in_II other_JJ papers_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL As_II the_AT marks_NN2 he_PPHS1 gained_VVD in_II these_DD2 were_VBDR also_RR not_XX high_RR enough_RR ,_, he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ awarded_VVN a_AT1 Master_NN1 of_IO Arts_NN2 degree_NN1 ,_, but_CCB without_IW Honours_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Of_IO far_RG greater_JJR importance_NN1 to_II Burton_NP1 at_II this_DD1 time_NNT1 was_VBDZ the_AT blossoming_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE friendship_NN1 with_IW Helen_NP1 Tizard_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ attracted_VVN to_II Helen_NP1 from_II the_AT first_MD time_NNT1 he_PPHS1 saw_VVD her_PPHO1 playing_VVG the_AT piano_NN1 at_II \_NULL St_NP Luke_NP1 's_GE ,_, three_MC years_NNT2 before_II the_AT war_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB the_AT attraction_NN1 then_RT was_VBDZ not_XX mutual_JJ ;_; indeed_RR ,_, after_CS some_DD *"_" misunderstanding_NN1 **"_" they_PPHS2 each_DD1 went_VVD their_APPGE separate_JJ ways_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL On_II the_AT night_NNT1 of_IO Burton_NP1 's_GE farewell_NN1 from_II \_NULL St_NP Luke_NP1 's_GE before_II leaving_VVG for_IF the_AT war_NN1 ,_, Helen_NP1 was_VBDZ not_XX present_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 did_VDD not_XX correspond_VVI during_II his_APPGE four_MC years_NNT2 at_II the_AT battlefront_NN1 ,_, though_CS his_APPGE friend_NN1 Morton_NP1 Ryburn_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS was_VBDZ corresponding_VVG with_IW Helen_NP1 's_GE sister_NN1 Hilda_NP1 ,_, gave_VVD him_PPHO1 news_NN1 of_IO Helen_NP1 while_CS he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ in_II the_AT front_JJ line_NN1 at_II Messines_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Morton_NP1 Ryburn_NP1 had_VHD not_XX returned_VVN with_IW Burton_NP1 ,_, having_VHG been_VBN transferred_VVN to_II the_AT Mesopotamian_JJ front_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Shortly_RR after_II his_APPGE return_NN1 to_II Auckland_NP1 Burton_NP1 heard_VVD a_AT1 rumour_NN1 that_CST Morton_NP1 had_VHD also_RR returned_VVN ,_, so_CS decided_VVN to_TO check_VVI up_RP at_II the_AT Tizards_NP1 '_GE ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ welcomed_VVN at_II the_AT door_NN1 by_II Helen_NP1 whom_PNQO he_PPHS1 had_VHD not_XX seen_VVN for_IF seven_MC years_NNT2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL From_II then_RT on_II their_APPGE friendship_NN1 developed_VVD steadily_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL Burton_NP1 was_VBDZ greatly_RR concerned_JJ about_II Helen_NP1 's_GE health_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL For_IF a_AT1 long_JJ time_NNT1 she_PPHS1 had_VHD suffered_VVN from_II a_AT1 goitre_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ had_VHD been_VBN aggravated_VVN during_II the_AT influenza_NN1 epidemic_NN1 ;_; Burton_NP1 was_VBDZ able_JK to_TO persuade_VVI Helen_NP1 to_TO have_VHI specialist_JJ surgical_JJ treatment_NN1 for_IF it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Her_APPGE recovery_NN1 to_II normal_JJ health_NN1 was_VBDZ slow_JJ but_CCB steady_JJ ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 191+TEXT+G04_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Claiming_NP1 he_PPHS1 had_VHD been_VBN insulted_VVN ,_, Tourvielle_NP1 stormed_VVD out_II21 of_II22 the_AT tour_NN1 ,_, saying_VVG :_: ^_NULL *'_" I_PPIS1 have_VH0 finished_VVN with_IW this_DD1 tour_NN1 and_CC I_PPIS1 will_VM not_XX have_VHI \_NULL Mr_NNB Don_NP1 treating_VVG me_PPIO1 like_II a_AT1 child_NN1 ._. ^ **'_" |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL To_II a_AT1 touring_JJ novice_NN1 ,_, as_CSA Ashworth_NP1 then_RT was_VBDZ ,_, it_PPH1 was_VBDZ rather_RG bewildering_JJ and_CC he_PPHS1 wryly_RR observes_VVZ that_CST the_AT All_DB Blacks_NN2 '_GE greatest_JJT achievement_NN1 on_II that_DD1 tour_NN1 might_VM not_XX have_VHI been_VBN anything_PN1 on_II the_AT playing_JJ field_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Rather_RR it_PPH1 was_VBDZ the_AT fact_NN1 that_CST Ron_NP1 Don_NP1 ,_, after_CS his_APPGE many_DA2 conflicts_NN2 ,_, got_VVN out_II21 of_II22 France_NP1 alive_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *'_" It_PPH1 was_VBDZ all_RR a_PN121 bit_PN122 beyond_II me_PPIO1 ,_, **'_" says_VVZ Ashworth_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *'_" My_APPGE main_JJ memory_NN1 of_IO that_DD1 tour_NN1 ,_, apart_II21 from_II22 the_AT rugby_NN1 being_VBG very_RG hard_JJ and_CC the_AT officials_NN2 all_DB seeming_VVG to_TO be_VBI very_RG excitable_JJ ,_, was_VBDZ eating_VVG bread_NN1 rolls_NN2 and_CC waiting_VVG and_CC waiting_VVG and_CC waiting_VVG for_IF my_APPGE food_NN1 to_TO arrive_VVI ._. ^ **'_" |_NULL ^_NULL France_NP1 might_VM be_VBI famous_JJ for_IF the_AT elegance_NN1 ,_, the_AT delicacy_NN1 and_CC subtlety_NN1 of_IO its_APPGE cuisine_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB that_DD1 is_VBZ probably_RR something_PN1 which_DDQ can_VM only_RR be_VBI discovered_VVN if_CS you_PPY have_VH0 the_AT francs_NNU2 to_TO afford_VVI the_AT classier_JJR restaurants_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Meals_NN2 ,_, and_CC the_AT lack_NN1 of_IO variety_NN1 they_PPHS2 had_VHD to_TO endure_VVI in_II their_APPGE diet_NN1 ,_, were_VBDR the_AT chief_JJ cause_NN1 for_IF the_AT All_DB Blacks_NN2 '_GE discomfort_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II their_APPGE hotels_NN2 they_PPHS2 were_VBDR confined_VVN to_TO set_VVI menus_NN2 and_CC invariably_RR had_VHN to_TO chomp_VVI their_APPGE way_NN1 through_II bread_NN1 rolls_NN2 ,_, croissants_NN2 ,_, occasionally_RR bacon_NN1 and_CC eggs_NN2 and_CC almost_RR always_RR as_CSA the_AT main_JJ daily_JJ fare_NN1 ,_, steak_NN1 and_CC chips_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Brad_NP1 Johnstone_NP1 got_VVD so_RG frustrated_JJ with_IW the_AT blandness_NN1 of_IO the_AT food_NN1 that_CST in_II the_AT end_NN1 he_PPHS1 took_VVD direct_JJ action_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Knight_NP1 recalls_VVZ he_PPHS1 suddenly_RR stood_VVD up_RP in_II one_MC1 hotel_NN1 dining_NN1 room_NN1 and_CC tipped_VVD his_APPGE plate_NN1 upside_RL21 down_RL22 ,_, proclaiming_VVG that_CST he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ not_XX going_VVGK to_TO stand_VVI for_IF this_DD1 food_NN1 any_DD more_DAR ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL When_CS at_II the_AT end_NN1 of_IO the_AT tour_NN1 the_AT team_NN stopped_VVD over_RP in_II London_NP1 ,_, Knight_NP1 recalls_VVZ that_CST everyone_PN1 immediately_RR made_VVN a_AT1 beeline_NN1 for_IF the_AT airport_NN1 cafe_NN1 and_CC to_II a_AT1 man_NN1 ordered_VVD roast_JJ beef_NN1 ,_, roast_JJ lamb_NN1 and_CC the_AT like_JJ and_CC as_RG many_DA2 green_JJ vegetables_NN2 as_CSA they_PPHS2 could_VM fit_VVI onto_II their_APPGE plates_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Some_DD of_IO the_AT accommodation_NN1 was_VBDZ of_IO an_AT1 inferior_JJ standard_NN1 ,_, too_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL At_II Angouleme_NP1 the_AT team_NN was_VBDZ quartered_VVN in_II what_DDQ went_VVD by_II the_AT grandiose_JJ description_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 *'_" castle_NN1 **'_" ,_, but_CCB really_RR was_VBDZ something_PN1 akin_JJ to_II *'_" Fawlty_NP1 Towers_NP1 **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL Says_VVZ Knight_NP1 :_: ^_NULL *'_" I_PPIS1 roomed_VVD with_IW Mark_NP1 Donaldson_NP1 in_II one_MC1 of_IO its_APPGE vast_JJ wings_NN2 ,_, and_CC all_DB we_PPIS2 had_VHD was_VBDZ a_AT1 sheet_NN1 and_CC one_MC1 blanket_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 were_VBDR so_RG cold_JJ that_CST we_PPIS2 took_VVD the_AT curtains_NN2 down_RP from_II the_AT windows_NN2 and_CC wrapped_VVD them_PPHO2 around_II ourselves_PPX2 to_TO try_VVI and_CC get_VVI warm_JJ ._. ^ **'_" |_NULL ^_NULL In_II the_AT actual_JJ matches_NN2 ,_, however_RR ,_, there_EX was_VBDZ generated_VVN all_DB of_IO the_AT heat_NN1 the_AT All_DB Blacks_NN2 could_VM tolerate_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 quickly_RR discovered_VVD all_DB of_IO the_AT sides_NN2 were_VBDR not_XX chosen_VVN on_II the_AT basis_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 region_NN1 but_CCB were_VBDR *'_" French_JJ Selections_NN2 **'_" and_CC had_VHD been_VBN chosen_VVN under_II the_AT guidance_NN1 of_IO the_AT national_JJ selectors_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Each_DD1 side_NN1 appeared_VVD to_TO have_VHI a_AT1 specific_JJ purpose_NN1 to_TO help_VVI expose_VVI a_AT1 touring_JJ team_NN 's_GE strengths_NN2 and_CC weaknesses_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II one_MC1 side_NN1 ,_, for_REX21 instance_REX22 ,_, the_AT emphasis_NN1 would_VM be_VBI on_II brilliant_JJ runners_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II another_DD1 on_II hard_JJ scrummagers_NN2 or_CC tall_JJ lineout_NN1 winners_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC in_II another_DD1 you_PPY might_VM find_VVI some_DD of_IO the_AT teak-tough_JJ men_NN2 who_PNQS seemed_VVD to_TO abound_VVI in_II France_NP1 and_CC would_VM be_VBI in_II that_DD1 category_NN1 Winston_NP1 McCarthy_NP1 described_VVD as_II *'_" meanies_NN2 **'_" ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Television_NN1 commentator_NN1 Keith_NP1 Quinn_NP1 says_VVZ that_CST in_II all_DB his_APPGE touring_JJ experience_NN1 he_PPHS1 does_VDZ n't_XX recall_VVI a_AT1 more_RGR abrasive_JJ match_NN1 than_CSN the_AT first_MD one_PN1 on_II that_DD1 tour_NN1 at_II Brive_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *'_" It_PPH1 was_VBDZ the_AT most_RGT explosive_JJ game_NN1 I_PPIS1 've_VH0 seen_VVN ,_, **'_" he_PPHS1 says_VVZ ._. ^ ^_NULL *'_" I_PPIS1 remember_VV0 before_II the_AT game_NN1 Mark_NP1 Donaldson_NP1 ,_, trying_VVG to_TO gee_UH the_AT guys_NN2 up_RP ,_, saying_VVG he_PPHS1 wanted_VVD *"_" blood_NN1 on_II the_AT ball_NN1 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 remember_VV0 that_DD1 phrase_NN1 distinctly_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 almost_RR got_VVD blood_NN1 literally_RR ._. ^ **'_" |_NULL ^_NULL After_CS an_AT1 opening_NN1 20_MC minutes_NNT2 studded_VVD with_IW punching_VVG and_CC kicking_VVG the_AT All_DB Blacks_NN2 managed_VVD to_TO tame_VVI that_DD1 French_JJ Selection_NN1 and_CC with_IW what_DDQ Quinn_NP1 terms_NN2 brilliant_JJ football_NN1 romped_VVD to_II a_AT1 45-3_MCMC win_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *'_" That_DD1 can_VM now_RT be_VBI seen_VVN as_II a_AT1 very_RG significant_JJ game_NN1 ,_, **'_" Quinn_NP1 says_VVZ ._. ^ ^_NULL *'_" A_AT1 lot_NN of_IO new_JJ players_NN2 were_VBDR playing_VVG and_CC they_PPHS2 came_VVD through_II what_DDQ was_VBDZ truly_RR a_AT1 baptism_NN1 by_II fire_NN1 ._. ^ **'_" |_NULL ^_NULL Dalton_NP1 ,_, having_VHG made_VVN his_APPGE All_DB Black_JJ debut_NN1 along_II21 with_II22 Ashworth_NP1 in_II a_AT1 scratchy_JJ performance_NN1 in_II Italy_NP1 ,_, watched_VVD the_AT Brive_NP1 fireworks_NN2 from_II the_AT reserves_NN2 bench_VV0 and_CC echoes_VVZ Quinn_NP1 in_II saying_VVG that_CST even_RR as_II a_AT1 spectator_NN1 there_EX was_VBDZ a_AT1 shudder_NN1 or_CC two_MC travelling_JJ along_II his_APPGE spine_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *'_" It_PPH1 really_RR was_VBDZ brutal_JJ ,_, **'_" he_PPHS1 says_VVZ ._. ^ ^_NULL *'_" I_PPIS1 started_VVD to_TO wonder_VVI whether_CSW I_PPIS1 could_VM take_VVI that_DD1 sort_NN1 of_IO pace_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 played_VVD in_II the_AT next_MD match_NN1 at_II Lyon_NP1 ,_, against_II another_DD1 Selection_NN1 side_NN1 needless_JJ to_TO say_VVI ,_, and_CC that_DD1 was_VBDZ just_RR as_RG hard_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 only_RR just_RR won_VVD that_CST in_II the_AT last_MD few_DA2 minutes_NNT2 when_RRQ Brian_NP1 Ford_NP1 scored_VVD a_AT1 try_NN1 ._. ^ **'_" |_NULL ^_NULL At_II Lyon_NP1 the_AT French_JJ Selection_NN1 had_VHD been_VBN extremely_RR formidable_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 had_VHD included_VVN two_MC young_JJ players_NN2 soon_RR to_TO be_VBI among_II the_AT brightest_JJT stars_NN2 of_IO the_AT national_JJ team_NN ,_, \_NULL No._NN1 8_MC Jean-Luc_NP1 Joinel_NP1 and_CC halfback_NN1 Jerome_NP1 Gallion_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC the_AT props_NN2 were_VBDR the_AT test_NN1 players_NN2 Robert_NP1 Paparemborde_NP1 and_CC Gerard_NP1 Cholley_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT All_DB Blacks_NN2 soon_RR found_VVN that_CST the_AT awesome_JJ reputation_NN1 of_IO Cholley_NP1 ,_, one_MC1 of_IO France_NP1 's_GE leading_JJ amateur_JJ boxers_NN2 ,_, as_II a_AT1 rugby_NN1 meanie_NN1 was_VBDZ more_DAR than_CSN just_RR a_AT1 myth_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *'_" At_II Lyon_NP1 ,_, **'_" recalls_VVZ Dalton_NP1 ,_, *'_" there_EX was_VBDZ a_AT1 fair_JJ amount_NN1 of_IO spitting_VVG at_II us_PPIO2 and_CC we_PPIS2 had_VHD a_AT1 very_RG vociferous_JJ crowd_NN who_PNQS had_VHD us_PPIO2 as_CSA their_APPGE targets_NN2 for_IF jeering_VVG ._. ^ **'_" |_NULL ^_NULL Gary_NP1 Knight_NP1 had_VHD been_VBN injured_VVN at_II Brive_NP1 and_CC had_VHD not_XX lasted_VVN the_AT match_NN1 and_CC when_RRQ he_PPHS1 also_RR failed_VVN to_TO last_VVI the_AT journey_NN1 in_II the_AT first_MD test_NN1 at_II Toulouse_NP1 he_PPHS1 must_VM have_VHI wondered_VVN whether_CSW France_NP1 ,_, or_CC more_RGR particularly_RR Cholley_NP1 ,_, had_VHD a_AT1 hoodoo_NN1 on_II him_PPHO1 ._. ^ ^_NULL For_IF his_APPGE early_JJ exit_NN1 at_II Toulouse_NP1 was_VBDZ caused_VVN by_II Cholley_NP1 gouging_VVG his_APPGE eyes_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Bleeding_VVG from_II a_AT1 slit_JJ left_JJ eyelid_NN1 ,_, Knight_NP1 was_VBDZ led_VVN from_II the_AT field_NN1 fearing_VVG he_PPHS1 might_VM have_VHI suffered_VVN permanent_JJ blindness_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Fortunately_NP1 ,_, the_AT injury_NN1 with_IW prompt_JJ treatment_NN1 proved_VVD to_TO be_VBI superficial_JJ but_CCB it_PPH1 was_VBDZ still_RR a_AT1 traumatic_JJ experience_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 test_NN1 newcomer_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *'_" Cholley_NP1 came_VVD out_II21 of_II22 a_AT1 lineout_NN1 and_CC stuck_VVD his_APPGE fingers_NN2 right_RR in_II my_APPGE eyes_NN2 ,_, **'_" Knight_NP1 says_VVZ ._. ^ ^_NULL *'_" I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ completely_RR blinded_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 could_VM n't_XX see_VVI anything_PN1 out_II21 of_II22 my_APPGE left_JJ eye_NN1 for_IF at_RR21 least_RR22 15_MC minutes_NNT2 and_CC had_VHD no_AT hope_NN1 of_IO continuing_VVG playing_VVG ._. ^ ^_NULL What_DDQ really_RR annoyed_VVD me_PPIO1 was_VBDZ that_CST I_PPIS1 had_VHD done_VDN absolutely_RR nothing_PN1 to_TO provoke_VVI it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL His_APPGE only_JJ reason_NN1 for_IF doing_VDG it_PPH1 was_VBDZ obviously_RR to_TO get_VVI rid_VVN of_IO me_PPIO1 ._. ^ **'_" |_NULL ^_NULL Gary_NP1 Knight_NP1 and_CC other_JJ All_DB Blacks_NN2 ,_, mindful_JJ perhaps_RR of_IO the_AT dangers_NN2 in_II becoming_VVG paranoid_JJ about_II Cholley_NP1 ,_, decided_VVD one_MC1 small_JJ means_NN of_IO countering_VVG him_PPHO1 was_VBDZ through_II a_AT1 sense_NN1 of_IO humour_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Soon_RR after_CS ,_, they_PPHS2 encountered_VVD among_II the_AT staff_NN of_IO their_APPGE hotel_NN1 a_AT1 female_JJ behemoth_NN1 who_PNQS looked_VVD as_CS21 if_CS22 she_PPHS1 would_VM not_XX be_VBI out_II21 of_II22 place_NN1 tossing_VVG the_AT shot_NN1 put_VVN for_IF an_AT1 eastern_JJ bloc_NN1 country_NN1 at_II the_AT Olympics_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Her_APPGE nickname_NN1 among_II the_AT All_DB Blacks_NN2 quickly_RR became_VVD *'_" Cholley_NP1 's_GE mother_NN1 **'_" ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL More_RGR sober_JJ and_CC earnest_JJ in_II his_APPGE analysis_NN1 of_IO the_AT Cholley_NP1 menace_NN1 and_CC the_AT rest_NN1 of_IO the_AT mammoth_NN1 France_NP1 pack_NN1 was_VBDZ Gleeson_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT first_MD international_JJ at_II Toulouse_NP1 ,_, with_IW halfback_NN1 Jacques_NP1 Fouroux_NP1 dictating_VVG the_AT pattern_NN1 by_II playing_VVG back_RP to_II the_AT forwards_NN2 ,_, the_AT heavier_JJR French_JJ pack_NN1 had_VHD used_VVN physical_JJ intimidation_NN1 in_II subduing_VVG the_AT All_DB Blacks_NN2 for_IF an_AT1 18-13_MCMC winning_VVG margin_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II formulating_VVG a_AT1 plan_NN1 by_II which_DDQ the_AT French_JJ methods_NN2 could_VM be_VBI exposed_VVN Gleeson_NP1 had_VHD given_VVN the_AT best_JJT illustration_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE rugby_NN1 genius_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Dalton_NP1 ,_, reserve_NN1 for_IF the_AT first_MD test_NN1 ,_, says_VVZ the_AT French_JJ tactics_NN2 for_IF that_DD1 match_NN1 were_VBDR *'_" a_AT1 bloody_JJ disgrace_NN1 **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL From_II the_AT stand_NN1 it_PPH1 was_VBDZ clear_JJ they_PPHS2 had_VHD been_VBN guilty_JJ of_IO grave_JJ breaches_NN2 in_II rucks_NN2 ,_, mauls_NN2 and_CC lineouts_NN2 which_DDQ in_II the_AT close_JJ quarter_NN1 confrontation_NN1 had_VHD not_XX been_VBN fully_RR detected_VVN by_II Irish_JJ referee_NN1 John_NP1 West_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *'_" We_PPIS2 sat_VVD down_RP in_II our_APPGE team_NN talks_VVZ *-_- we_PPIS2 had_VHD many_DA2 during_II the_AT week_NNT1 *-_- and_CC discussed_VVD the_AT ways_NN2 and_CC means_VVZ by_II which_DDQ we_PPIS2 could_VM break_VVI them_PPHO2 apart_RL ,_, **'_" Dalton_NP1 says_VVZ ._. ^ ^_NULL *'_" Jack_NP1 Gleeson_NP1 had_VHD a_AT1 great_JJ ability_NN1 to_TO draw_VVI out_RP contributions_NN2 from_II various_JJ players_NN2 and_CC take_VV0 the_AT pick_NN1 of_IO what_DDQ they_PPHS2 had_VHD all_DB come_VVI up_RP with_IW ._. ^ ^_NULL Bruce_NP1 Robertson_NP1 ,_, I_PPIS1 remember_VV0 ,_, was_VBDZ one_PN1 who_PNQS made_VVD a_AT1 fair_JJ contribution_NN1 to_II the_AT plan_NN1 we_PPIS2 decided_VVD to_TO follow_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 was_VBDZ to_TO call_VVI short_JJ lineouts_NN2 and_CC play_VVI the_AT game_NN1 at_II top_JJ pace_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 wanted_VVD to_TO run_VVI them_PPHO2 around_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 were_VBDR ,_, dare_VM I_PPIS1 say_VVI it_PPH1 ,_, a_AT1 team_NN of_IO geriatrics_NN2 and_CC were_VBDR not_XX as_RG fit_JJ as_CSA they_PPHS2 might_VM have_VHI been_VBN ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 felt_VVD if_CSW we_PPIS2 could_VM split_VVI them_PPHO2 we_PPIS2 would_VM have_VHI them_PPHO2 ._. ^ **'_" |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT important_JJ men_NN2 in_II the_AT pattern_NN1 which_DDQ the_AT All_DB Blacks_NN2 were_VBDR to_TO impose_VVI successfully_RR were_VBDR obviously_RR the_AT two_MC jumpers_NN2 who_PNQS would_VM comprise_VVI the_AT abbreviated_JJ lineout_NN1 ,_, Andy_NP1 Haden_NP1 and_CC Lawrie_NP1 Knight_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC obviously_RR the_AT man_NN1 who_PNQS would_VM throw_VVI the_AT ball_NN1 when_RRQ the_AT All_DB Blacks_NN2 had_VHD the_AT put-in_NN1 ,_, Andy_NP1 Dalton_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS thus_RR in_II his_APPGE test_NN1 debut_NN1 carried_VVD a_AT1 major_JJ responsibility_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II later_JJR years_NNT2 ,_, incidentally_RR ,_, Dalton_NP1 would_VM guard_VVI his_APPGE test_NN1 place_NN1 jealously_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ not_XX unduly_RR upset_JJ at_II having_VHG missed_VVN that_DD1 first_MD international_JJ against_II France_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *'_" There_EX was_VBDZ not_XX a_PN31 great_PN32 deal_PN33 between_II myself_PPX1 and_CC John_NP1 Black_NP1 at_II that_DD1 stage_NN1 and_CC I_PPIS1 might_VM have_VHI been_VBN fortunate_JJ to_TO have_VHI missed_VVN that_DD1 first_MD one_PN1 ,_, **'_" he_PPHS1 says_VVZ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL To_TO perfect_VVI their_APPGE lineout_NN1 drills_VVZ Haden_NP1 ,_, Knight_NP1 and_CC Dalton_NP1 went_VVD off_RP on_II their_APPGE own_DA to_TO do_VDI extra_JJ training_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Here_RL the_AT All_DB Blacks_NN2 '_GE plans_NN2 were_VBDR almost_RR sabotaged_VVN by_II a_AT1 zealous_JJ French_JJ gendarme_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *'_" We_PPIS2 went_VVD to_II a_AT1 park_NN1 near_II our_APPGE hotel_NN1 and_CC worked_VVD out_RP all_DB our_APPGE calls_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Apparently_RR you_PPY 're_VBR not_XX supposed_JJ to_TO use_VVI these_DD2 parks_NN2 in_II Paris_NP1 for_IF this_DD1 gendarme_NN1 kept_VVD chasing_VVG us_PPIO2 from_II one_MC1 spot_NN1 to_II the_AT other_JJ ,_, telling_VVG us_PPIO2 in_II the_AT French_JJ equivalent_NN1 to_TO move_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL Looking_VVG back_RP it_PPH1 must_VM have_VHI been_VBN quite_RR a_AT1 funny_JJ sight_NN1 as_CSA we_PPIS2 kept_VVD running_VVG around_RP trying_VVG to_TO keep_VVI one_MC1 step_NN1 in_II31 front_II32 of_II33 him_PPHO1 ._. ^ **'_" |_NULL ^_NULL Dalton_NP1 gives_VVZ *'_" Spock_NP1 **'_" Knight_NP1 the_AT most_DAT credit_NN1 as_II the_AT All_DB Blacks_NN2 cruised_VVD away_RP effortlessly_RR for_IF a_AT1 15-3_MCMC win_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *'_" He_PPHS1 had_VHD a_AT1 quite_RG outstanding_JJ game_NN1 and_CC won_VVD most_DAT of_IO the_AT ball_NN1 that_DD1 day_NNT1 ._. ^ **'_" ^_NULL And_CC ,_, of_RR21 course_RR22 ,_, the_AT most_RGT important_JJ was_VBDZ from_II Graham_NP1 Mourie_NP1 's_VHZ quick_RR throw-in_JJ ,_, from_II which_DDQ Bruce_NP1 Robertson_NP1 set_VVD up_RP Stu_NP1 Wilson_NP1 for_IF the_AT try_NN1 which_DDQ clinched_VVD the_AT All_DB Black_JJ victory_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL As_CSA he_PPHS1 had_VHD been_VBN on_II all_DB his_APPGE previous_JJ tours_NN2 with_IW the_AT All_DB Blacks_NN2 ,_, Knight_NP1 acted_VVD as_II the_AT side_NN1 's_GE medical_JJ adviser_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL His_APPGE professional_JJ background_NN1 and_CC training_NN1 were_VBDR invaluable_JJ ,_, particularly_RR in_II helping_VVG Bryan_NP1 Williams_NP1 who_PNQS suffered_VVD a_AT1 serious_JJ hip_NN1 dislocation_NN1 in_II the_AT first_MD test_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB in_II a_AT1 country_NN1 where_RRQ the_AT problems_NN2 were_VBDR aggravated_VVN by_II having_VHG to_TO cope_VVI with_IW a_AT1 foreign_JJ language_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 was_VBDZ clearly_RR an_AT1 unfair_JJ burden_NN1 to_TO expect_VVI a_AT1 playing_JJ member_NN1 to_TO carry_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 ,_, then_RT ,_, was_VBDZ another_DD1 major_JJ improvement_NN1 to_TO emerge_VVI from_II this_DD1 tour_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II future_NN1 all_RR All_DB Black_JJ touring_JJ teams_NN2 would_VM have_VHI the_AT services_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 doctor_NN1 or_CC a_AT1 physiotherapist_NN1 and_CC ,_, in_II some_DD instances_NN2 ,_, both_RR ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Suggesting_VVG that_CST one_PN1 had_VHD been_VBN disappointed_JJ with_IW a_AT1 tour_NN1 to_II France_NP1 might_VM seem_VVI somewhat_RR obtuse_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL France_NP1 ,_, after_II all_DB ,_, is_VBZ one_MC1 of_IO the_AT great_JJ countries_NN2 of_IO the_AT Old_JJ World_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 tourist_NN1 's_VBZ delight_NN1 beloved_NN1 by_II artists_NN2 and_CC the_AT writers_NN2 of_IO poems_NN2 and_CC songs_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX 's_VBZ ,_, in_II Paris_NP1 alone_JJ ,_, the_AT Eiffel_NP1 Tower_NP1 ,_, the_AT Notre_NP Dame_NP1 Cathedral_NN1 ,_, the_AT Champs_NP Elysees_NP and_CC other_JJ vast_JJ boulevards_NN2 and_CC avenues_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC in_II the_AT south_ND1 of_IO France_NP1 ,_, where_CS the_AT rugby_NN1 is_VBZ strongest_JJT and_CC where_RRQ the_AT All_DB Blacks_NN2 spent_VVD most_DAT of_IO their_APPGE time_NNT1 ,_, there_EX are_VBR chalets_NN2 and_CC castles_NN2 ,_, vineyards_NN2 and_CC cobbled_JJ marketplaces_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL All_DB of_IO these_DD2 the_AT young_JJ All_DB Blacks_NN2 marvelled_VVD over_RP ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL But_CCB the_AT great_JJ win_NN1 at_II the_AT Parc_NP1 des_NP1 Princes_NN2 apart_RL ,_, the_AT tour_NN1 of_IO France_NP1 of_IO 1977_MC had_VHD had_VHN far_RG more_DAR lows_NN2 than_CSN might_VM have_VHI been_VBN expected_VVN on_II such_DA an_AT1 adventure_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB when_CS you_PPY are_VBR innocents_NN2 abroad_RL it_PPH1 can_VM sometimes_RT be_VBI difficult_JJ maintaining_JJ humour_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL One_MC1 of_IO the_AT All_DB Blacks_NN2 ,_, for_REX21 instance_REX22 ,_, to_II whom_PNQO the_AT French_JJ language_NN1 would_VM always_RR be_VBI a_AT1 mystery_NN1 ,_, went_VVD shopping_VVG in_II Paris_NP1 for_IF shoes_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 thought_VVD he_PPHS1 had_VHD obtained_VVN a_AT1 bargain_NN1 ,_, only_RR to_TO find_VVI when_RRQ he_PPHS1 **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL unwrapped_JJ his_APPGE parcel_NN1 that_CST he_PPHS1 had_VHD been_VBN provided_VVN with_IW what_DDQ would_VM have_VHI been_VBN a_AT1 superb_JJ pair_NN of_IO footwear_NN1 but_II21 for_II22 the_AT fact_NN1 that_CST each_DD1 shoe_NN1 was_VBDZ designed_VVN for_IF the_AT left_JJ foot_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Were_VBDR some_DD of_IO the_AT miseries_NN2 of_IO the_AT All_DB Blacks_NN2 ,_, then_RT ,_, entirely_RR the_AT fault_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE French_JJ hosts_NN2 ?_? ^ ^_NULL Probably_RR not_XX ,_, and_CC this_DD1 is_VBZ something_PN1 Andy_NP1 Dalton_NP1 ,_, with_IW what_DDQ he_PPHS1 believes_VVZ has_VHZ become_VVN a_AT1 perspective_NN1 advanced_VVN with_IW experience_NN1 ,_, acknowledges_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL *'_" I_PPIS1 have_VH0 to_TO admit_VVI I_ZZ1 did_VDD n't_XX always_RR enjoy_VVI the_AT 1977_MC tour_NN1 ,_, **'_" he_PPHS1 says_VVZ ._. ^ ^_NULL *'_" I_PPIS1 thought_VVD then_RT that_CST the_AT French_NN1 were_VBDR a_AT1 very_RG arrogant_JJ people_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB now_RT I_PPIS1 suspect_VV0 that_CST some_DD of_IO this_DD1 might_VM have_VHI been_VBN because_II21 of_II22 my_APPGE own_DA inability_NN1 to_TO speak_VVI the_AT language_NN1 ._. ^ **'_" |_NULL ^_NULL In_II 1981_MC Dalton_NP1 returned_VVD to_II France_NP1 as_II a_AT1 member_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 All_DB Black_JJ side_NN1 captained_VVD by_II Graham_NP1 Mourie_NP1 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 192+TEXT+G05_FO **]_NULL ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 really_RR was_VBDZ *'_" Old_JJ McDonald_NP1 's_GE Farm_NP1 **'_" stuff_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL On_RP we_PPIS2 sped_VVD with_IW Raw_JJ Meat_NN1 first_MD to_TO claim_VVI a_AT1 record_NN1 burst_NN1 of_IO 15.61_MC knots_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Simon_NP1 topped_VVD that_CST with_IW 17.18_MC after_II the_AT watch_NN1 changed_VVD ,_, then_RT Combo_NP1 did_VDD *'_" a_AT1 controlled_JJ 19.11_MC knots_NN2 **'_" as_II *1_NULL Lion_NN1 *0_NULL made_VVD 50_MC miles_NNU2 in_II four_MC hours_NNT2 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 were_VBDR 17_MC degrees_NN2 North_NP1 20_MC degrees_NN2 West_NP1 ,_, approximately_RR ,_, and_CC by_II this_DD1 stage_NN1 in_II 1981-82_MCMC we_PPIS2 were_VBDR into_II the_AT Doldrums_NP2 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB here_RL we_PPIS2 were_VBDR blasting_VVG with_IW 20-25_MCMC knots_NN2 of_IO breeze_NN1 up_II the_AT stern_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL How_RGQ well_RR we_PPIS2 were_VBDR doing_VDG against_II the_AT Farr_NP1 boats_NN2 was_VBDZ anyone_PN1 's_GE guess_NN1 ,_, but_CCB we_PPIS2 were_VBDR pretty_RG happy_JJ with_IW our_APPGE progress_NN1 and_CC with_IW the_AT way_NN1 *1_NULL Lion_NN1 *0_NULL lifted_VVD her_APPGE skirts_NN2 with_IW the_AT puffs_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL As_CSA we_PPIS2 approached_VVD the_AT Doldrums_NP2 ,_, the_AT daily_JJ chat-shows_NN2 between_II the_AT boats_NN2 provided_VVD less_RRR and_CC less_DAR information_NN1 and_CC we_PPIS2 were_VBDR n't_XX saying_VVG much_DA1 about_II *1_NULL Lion_NN1 *0_NULL either_DD1 ._. ^ ^_NULL How_RRQ we_PPIS2 got_VVD through_II the_AT windless_JJ belt_NN1 could_VM dictate_VVI the_AT outcome_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 leg_NN1 and_CC **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL influence_VV0 the_AT rest_NN1 of_IO the_AT race_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ becoming_VVG increasingly_RR difficult_JJ to_TO get_VVI good_JJ weather_NN1 maps_VVZ out_II21 of_II22 Dakar_NP1 despite_II the_AT quality_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE gear_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 were_VBDR getting_VVG an_AT1 occasional_JJ good_JJ map_NN1 ,_, but_CCB there_EX must_VM have_VHI been_VBN something_PN1 wrong_JJ with_IW the_AT Dakar_NP1 transmitter_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL What_DDQ a_AT1 time_NNT1 for_IF it_PPH1 to_TO go_VVI on_II the_AT blink_NN1 !_! ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 had_VHD to_TO rely_VVI on_II weather_NN1 maps_VVZ to_TO help_VVI us_PPIO2 pick_NN1 the_AT best_RRT place_VV0 to_TO cross_VVI the_AT Doldrums_NP2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Without_IW them_PPHO2 ,_, we_PPIS2 would_VM be_VBI flying_JJ blind_JJ and_CC guessing_VVG hard_RR ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Cole_NP1 was_VBDZ doing_VDG a_AT1 fantastic_JJ job_NN1 in_II the_AT galley_NN1 and_CC I_PPIS1 think_VV0 we_PPIS2 were_VBDR all_DB putting_VVG on_II weight_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ probably_RR the_AT one_MC1 guy_NN1 on_RL21 board_RL22 who_PNQS did_VDD n't_XX enjoy_VVI flying_JJ fish_NN flopping_VVG themselves_PPX2 on_RL21 board_RL22 to_TO be_VBI presented_VVN for_IF the_AT cooking_NN1 pot_NN1 or_CC microwave_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL These_DD2 were_VBDR usually_RR dumped_VVN straight_RR down_RP the_AT hatch_NN1 above_II the_AT galley_NN1 ,_, Cole_NP1 more_RGR often_RR than_CSN not_XX in_II residence_NN1 and_CC in_II the_AT firing_NN1 line_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL We_PPIS2 'd_VHD been_VBN running_VVG just_RR as_RG hard_JJ and_CC as_CSA quickly_RR as_CSA the_AT Farr_NP1 boats_NN2 ,_, and_CC that_DD1 was_VBDZ encouraging_JJ news_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *1_NULL {_NULL UBS_NP1 }_NULL *0_NULL was_VBDZ still_RR 123_MC miles_NNU2 ahead_RL as_CSA we_PPIS2 passed_VVD abeam_NN1 of_IO Dakar_NP1 on_II the_AT western_JJ extremity_NN1 of_IO the_AT Bulge_NN1 of_IO Africa_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *1_NULL Atlantic_NP1 Privateer_NN1 *0_NULL was_VBDZ cutting_VVG the_AT corner_NN1 and_CC was_VBDZ nearly_RR abeam_VV0 to_II the_AT east_ND1 of_IO us_PPIO2 ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 was_VBDZ doing_VDG the_AT same_DA runs_NN2 as_CSA us_PPIO2 but_CCB was_VBDZ gambling_VVG heavily_RR on_II a_AT1 more_RGR direct_JJ course_NN1 closer_RRR to_II the_AT African_JJ coast_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *1_NULL Drum_NN1 *0_NULL as_II 75_MC miles_NNU2 astern_RL of_IO us_PPIO2 and_CC about_RG 60_MC miles_NNU2 further_RRR inshore_RL ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Interestingly_NP1 ,_, *1_NULL {_NULL UBS_NP1 }_NULL *0_NULL had_VHD gone_VVN in_II too_RR and_CC was_VBDZ about_RG 40_MC miles_NNU2 closer_RRR to_II the_AT coast_NN1 than_CSN *1_NULL Lion_NN1 ,_, *0_NULL which_DDQ was_VBDZ now_RT the_AT most_RGT westerly_JJ boat_NN1 in_II the_AT fleet_NNJ ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT positioning_NN1 for_IF the_AT Doldrums_NP2 had_VHD started_VVN and_CC for_RT41 the_RT42 time_RT43 being_RT44 I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ quite_RG happy_JJ with_IW where_RRQ we_PPIS2 were_VBDR ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 did_VDD n't_XX like_VVI the_AT inshore_JJ prospects_NN2 of_IO grinding_VVG to_II a_AT1 halt_NN1 earlier_RRR ._. ^ ^_NULL Although_CS *1_NULL Atlantic_NP1 Privateer_NN1 *0_NULL had_VHD reported_VVN doing_VDG bursts_NN2 of_IO 29_MC knots_NN2 whereas_CS our_APPGE best_JJT speed_NN1 was_VBDZ 20_MC knots_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 were_VBDR covering_VVG the_AT same_DA distance_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ indicated_VVD we_PPIS2 had_VHD more_RGR consistent_JJ wind_NN1 further_RRR out_RP to_II sea_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 were_VBDR tickled_VVN pink_JJ that_CST the_AT length_NN1 advantage_NN1 the_AT other_JJ maxis_NN1 **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL enjoyed_VVD had_VHD yet_RR to_TO prove_VVI a_AT1 factor_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *1_NULL Lion_NN1 *0_NULL was_VBDZ holding_VVG them_PPHO2 in_II their_APPGE conditions_NN2 and_CC we_PPIS2 still_RR had_VHN the_AT upwind_NN1 thrash_NN1 through_II the_AT south-east_ND1 trades_NN2 to_TO come_VVI ,_, once_RR through_II the_AT Doldrums_NP2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL On_II October_NPM1 10_MC ,_, soon_RR after_II midday_NNT1 ,_, the_AT wind_NN1 had_VHD been_VBN getting_VVG lighter_JJR and_CC the_AT temperatures_NN2 hotter_JJR ._. ^ ^_NULL Just_RR before_II lunch_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 looked_VVD across_RL to_II the_AT west_ND1 and_CC there_EX was_VBDZ *1_NULL {_NULL NZI_JJ }_NULL ._. ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL After_II 12_MC days_NNT2 of_IO hard_JJ racing_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 were_VBDR almost_RR within_II spitting_VVG distance_NN1 of_IO one_PPX121 another_PPX122 ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 must_VM have_VHI scored_VVN by_II going_VVG even_RR further_RRR to_II sea_NN1 than_CSN *1_NULL Lion_NN1 *0_NULL in_II the_AT last_MD 24_MC hours_NNT2 because_CS she_PPHS1 'd_VM put_VVI 30-40_MCMC miles_NNU2 on_II us_PPIO2 while_CS we_PPIS2 had_VHD been_VBN holding_VVG *1_NULL Atlantic_NP1 Privateer_NN1 *0_NULL and_CC catching_VVG *1_NULL {_NULL UBS_NN2 }_NULL *0_NULL in_II a_AT1 hurry_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Fehlmann_NP1 was_VBDZ now_RT only_RR 95_MC miles_NNU2 ahead_RL ._. ^ ^_NULL *1_NULL Cote_NP1 D'Or_NP1 ,_, *0_NULL following_VVG the_AT same_DA track_NN1 as_CSA *1_NULL Atlantic_NP1 Privateer_NN1 ,_, *0_NULL in_RP on_II the_AT African_JJ coast_NN1 ,_, had_VHD closed_VVN to_II 120_MC miles_NNU2 astern_RL ._. ^ ^_NULL Kuttel_NP1 and_CC Tabarly_NP1 clearly_RR were_VBDR hoping_VVG to_TO whistle_VVI straight_RR through_RP by_II following_VVG the_AT coast_NN1 around_II the_AT Bulge_NP1 and_CC not_XX getting_VVG held_VVN up_RP by_II the_AT Doldrums_NP2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *1_NULL Drum_NN1 *0_NULL was_VBDZ 70_MC miles_NNU2 astern_RL of_IO *1_NULL Lion_NN1 ,_, *0_NULL following_VVG the_AT same_DA course_NN1 further_RRR out_RP to_II sea_NN1 ,_, tracking_VVG down_RP between_II 20_MC degrees_NN2 and_CC 21_MC degrees_NN2 West_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 had_VHD reported_VVN three_MC days_NNT2 of_IO north-east_ND1 tradewinds_NN2 of_IO up_RG21 to_RG22 38_MC knots_NN2 true_JJ ,_, and_CC had_VHD done_VDN a_AT1 24-hour_JJ run_NN1 of_IO 301_MC miles_NNU2 ,_, which_DDQ explained_VVD how_RRQ she_PPHS1 had_VHD closed_VVN in_RP on_II the_AT leading_JJ group_NN again_RT ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT boats_NN2 that_CST had_VHD got_VVN it_PPH1 wrong_JJ in_II the_AT Bay_NN1 of_IO Biscay_NP1 and_CC down_RP the_AT Portuguese_JJ coast_NN1 were_VBDR now_RT right_RR back_RP in_II the_AT hunt_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL At_II the_AT halfway_JJ mark_NN1 in_II the_AT leg_NN1 it_PPH1 was_VBDZ still_RR anyone_PN1 's_GE race_NN1 ,_, even_RR through_II *1_NULL {_NULL UBS_NP1 }_NULL *0_NULL had_VHD a_AT1 slight_JJ edge_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL We_PPIS2 finally_RR struck_VVD the_AT Doldrums_NP2 early_RR on_II October_NPM1 12_MC ,_, and_CC they_PPHS2 were_VBDR relatively_RR kind_NN1 to_II us_PPIO2 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 were_VBDR totally_RR becalmed_VVN for_IF a_AT1 maximum_NN1 of_IO only_RR two_MC hours_NNT2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT rest_NN1 of_IO the_AT time_NNT1 we_PPIS2 made_VVD good_JJ speed_NN1 ,_, under_II spinnaker_NN1 and_CC going_VVG in_II the_AT right_JJ direction_NN1 ,_, so_CS21 that_CS22 our_APPGE worst_JJT day_NNT1 's_GE run_NN1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 fantastic_JJ 160_MC miles_NNU2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Thirty-six_MC hours_NNT2 after_II going_VVG in_RP ,_, we_PPIS2 were_VBDR out_RP and_CC in_II the_AT clear_JJ and_CC the_AT noon_NNT1 sched_VVD on_II October_NPM1 13_MC showed_VVD us_PPIO2 to_TO have_VHI a_AT1 comfortable_JJ lead_NN1 on_II the_AT rest_NN1 of_IO the_AT fleet_NNJ ,_, although_CS nobody_PN1 was_VBDZ sure_JJ of_IO *1_NULL {_NULL NZI_NN1 }_NULL '_" s_ZZ1 position_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Taylor_NP1 was_VBDZ having_VHG power_NN1 problems_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 'd_VHD decided_VVN not_XX to_TO divert_VVI to_II the_AT Canaries_NN2 for_IF generator_NN1 parts_NN2 after_CS he_PPHS1 learned_VVD that_CST he_PPHS1 would_VM have_VHI to_TO drop_VVI anchor_NN1 in_II a_AT1 bay_NN1 or_CC go_NN1 into_II port_NN1 to_TO take_VVI those_DD2 parts_NN2 aboard_RL ._. ^ ^_NULL So_RR now_RT he_PPHS1 could_VM n't_XX ,_, or_CC would_VM n't_XX ,_, communicate_VV0 and_CC his_APPGE on-board_JJ Argos_NP1 satellite_NN1 transmitter_NN1 had_VHD failed_VVN too_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL Although_CS *1_NULL Atlantic_NP1 Privateer_NN1 *0_NULL had_VHD heard_VVN Taylor_NP1 talking_VVG to_II Portishead_NP1 radio_NN1 back_RP in_II England_NP1 ,_, we_PPIS2 could_VM n't_XX even_RR raise_VVI him_PPHO1 on_II {_NULL VHF_NN1 }_NULL Channel_NN1 16_MC when_RRQ we_PPIS2 had_VHD had_VHN him_PPHO1 in_II sight_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX were_VBDR already_RR grumblings_NN2 through_II the_AT fleet_NNJ about_II this_DD1 situation_NN1 and_CC about_II Taylor_NP1 's_VHZ not_XX taking_VVG his_APPGE turn_NN1 as_CSA fleet_JJ radio_NN1 boat_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Our_APPGE best_JJT guess_NN1 was_VBDZ that_CST *1_NULL {_NULL NZI_NP1 }_NULL *0_NULL was_VBDZ still_RR very_RG close_JJ to_II us_PPIO2 ,_, which_DDQ meant_VVD that_CST the_AT two_MC New_NP Zealand_NP1 boats_NN2 had_VHD a_AT1 lead_NN1 of_IO nearly_RR 15_MC miles_NNU2 on_II *1_NULL Atlantic_NP1 Privateer_NN1 ,_, *0_NULL 60_MC miles_NNU2 on_II *1_NULL {_NULL UBS_NP1 }_NULL ,_, *0_NULL which_DDQ had_VHD really_RR come_VVN a_AT1 cropper_NN1 ,_, 70_MC miles_NNU2 on_II *1_NULL Drum_NN1 *0_NULL and_CC 120_MC miles_NNU2 on_II *1_NULL Cote_NP1 D'Or_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL To_TO celebrate_VVI clearing_VVG the_AT Doldrums_NP2 ,_, the_AT log_NN1 read_VVD :_: ^_NULL *'_" Breeze_NN1 going_VVG south-west_ND1 and_CC sky_NN1 starting_VVG to_TO clear_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL Changed_VVN from_II \_NULL No._NN1 1_MC1 light_JJ genoa_NN1 to_II \_NULL No.1_FO medium_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Yippee_UH ._. ^ ^_NULL Get_VV0 your_APPGE ya_PPY yas_NN2 out_RP ,_, keep_VV0 your_APPGE timber_NN limber_NN1 and_CC do_VD0 n't_XX let_VVI your_APPGE meatloaf_NN1 ._. ^ **'_" |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT jubilation_NN1 was_VBDZ a_RR21 little_RR22 premature_JJ ,_, however_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 were_VBDR hard_JJ on_II the_AT wind_NN1 ,_, switching_VVG between_II the_AT \_NULL No._NN1 1_MC1 medium_JJ genoa_NN1 and_CC the_AT \_NULL No._NN1 2_MC ,_, for_IF a_DD221 few_DD222 hours_NNT2 and_CC thought_VVD we_PPIS2 were_VBDR on_II our_APPGE way_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB the_AT Doldrums_NP2 moved_VVD south_ND1 and_CC gobbled_VVD us_PPIO2 up_RP again_RT ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 went_VVD through_II three_MC days_NNT2 of_IO this_DD1 ,_, the_AT crew_NN1 working_VVG hard_RR with_IW the_AT sail_NN1 changes_VVZ to_TO match_VVI the_AT fluctuations_NN2 in_II the_AT wind_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT boats_NN2 further_RRR inshore_RL gained_VVD on_II us_PPIO2 for_IF a_AT1 while_NNT1 but_CCB we_PPIS2 were_VBDR still_RR in_II the_AT lead_NN1 ,_, subject_II21 to_II22 where_RRQ Taylor_NP1 and_CC *1_NULL {_NULL NZI_NN2 }_NULL *0_NULL were_VBDR ._. ^ ^_NULL Skip_NN1 Novak_NP1 ,_, on_II *1_NULL Drum_NN1 ,_, *0_NULL was_VBDZ preparing_VVG to_TO protest_VVI about_II *1_NULL {_NULL NZI_NN1 }_NULL '_" s_ZZ1 not_XX taking_VVG her_APPGE turn_NN1 as_II duty_NN1 radio_NN1 boat_NN1 while_CS apparently_RR having_VHG enough_DD power_NN1 to_TO transmit_VVI back_RP to_II Auckland_NP1 through_II Portishead_NP1 radio_NN1 to_TO service_VVI sponsors_NN2 '_GE requirements_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_II21 for_II22 the_AT meantime_NNT1 we_PPIS2 could_VM only_RR take_VVI a_AT1 punt_NN1 as_II21 to_II22 *1_NULL {_NULL NZI_NN1 }_NULL '_" s_ZZ1 whereabouts_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *1_NULL Atlantic_NP1 Privateer_NN1 *0_NULL had_VHD scored_VVN in_RP on_II the_AT Liberian_JJ coast_NN1 ,_, coming_VVG out_RP with_IW a_AT1 south-westerly_JJ while_CS we_PPIS2 were_VBDR getting_VVG more_DAR of_IO a_AT1 southerly_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 had_VHD been_VBN down_RP the_AT mine_NN1 a_AT1 couple_NN1 of_IO days_NNT2 back_RP ,_, but_CCB now_RT she_PPHS1 was_VBDZ only_RR 15-20_MCMC miles_NNU2 behind_II us_PPIO2 in_II31 terms_II32 of_II33 distance_NN1 to_II Cape_NNL1 Town_NP ,_, although_CS we_PPIS2 were_VBDR the_AT best_JJT part_NN1 of_IO 200_MC miles_NNU2 apart_II21 from_II22 east_ND1 to_II west_ND1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *1_NULL {_NULL UBS_NP1 }_NULL *0_NULL was_VBDZ 30-35_MCMC miles_NNU2 astern_RL on_II a_AT1 middle_JJ course_NN1 ,_, while_CS *1_NULL Drum_NN1 was_VBDZ out_RP where_CS we_PPIS2 were_VBDR ,_, but_CCB 55_MC miles_NNU2 astern_RL ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 still_RR had_VHD the_AT weather_NN1 berth_NN1 on_II the_AT fleet_NNJ ,_, however_RR ,_, and_CC spirits_NN2 on_RL21 board_RL22 were_VBDR high_JJ ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT big_JJ decision_NN1 now_RT was_VBDZ when_RRQ to_TO commit_VVI to_II port_NN1 tack_NN1 and_CC start_VVI to_TO make_VVI southing_VVG as_RG quickly_RR as_CSA possible_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 'd_VHD been_VBN going_VVG in_RP towards_II the_AT African_JJ coast_NN1 on_II starboard_NN1 tack_NN1 for_IF more_RR21 than_RR22 24_MC hours_NNT2 ,_, as_CSA had_VHD everyone_PN1 else_RR in_II the_AT leading_JJ group_NN ,_, but_CCB the_AT port_NN1 tack_NN1 had_VHD been_VBN looking_VVG better_RRR all_DB the_AT time_NNT1 ,_, and_CC at_II 1920_MC hours_NNT2 on_II the_AT 16th_MD we_PPIS2 made_VVD our_APPGE move_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Immediately_CS it_PPH1 looked_VVD good_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 were_VBDR heading_VVG almost_RR due_JJ south_ND1 and_CC churning_VVG off_II the_AT miles_NNU2 ._. ^ ^_NULL From_II the_AT books_NN2 I_PPIS1 had_VHD on_RL21 board_RL22 ,_, I_PPIS1 noted_VVD that_CST *1_NULL Flyer_NP1 *0_NULL had_VHD gone_VVN 180_MC miles_NNU2 further_RRR to_II the_AT east_ND1 than_CSN where_RRQ we_PPIS2 were_VBDR before_CS she_PPHS1 tacked_VVD on_RP to_II port_NN1 ,_, but_CCB we_PPIS2 would_VM cross_VVI her_APPGE track_NN1 by_II the_AT evening_NNT1 of_IO the_AT 17th_MD ,_, which_DDQ was_VBDZ an_AT1 indication_NN1 of_IO how_RGQ favourable_JJ the_AT port_NN1 tack_NN1 was_VBDZ for_IF us_PPIO2 on_II this_DD1 occasion_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 crossed_VVD the_AT equator_NN1 at_II 2325_MC hours_NNT2 the_AT same_DA day_NNT1 ,_, at_II 10_MC degrees_NN2 30_MC minutes_NNT2 West_NP1 ,_, so_CS it_PPH1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 double_JJ occasion_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT breeze_NN1 stayed_VVD east_ND1 of_IO south_ND1 for_IF the_AT next_MD 48_MC hours_NNT2 and_CC freshened_VVD to_II the_AT stage_NN1 where_RRQ we_PPIS2 were_VBDR down_RP to_II the_AT \_NULL No._NN1 3_MC genoa_NN1 and_CC reefing_VVG the_AT mainsail_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *1_NULL Lion_NN1 *0_NULL was_VBDZ jumping_VVG and_CC holding_VVG her_APPGE lead_NN1 on_II the_AT boats_NN2 which_DDQ had_VHD continued_VVN on_II starboard_NN1 tack_NN1 well_RR to_II the_AT east_ND1 of_IO the_AT rhumbline_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Then_RT the_AT wind_NN1 shifted_VVD to_II the_AT north-north-east_ND1 *-_- extraordinary_JJ when_CS one_PN1 was_VBDZ in_II the_AT south-east_ND1 trades_NN2 belt_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Part_NN1 of_IO the_AT reason_NN1 probably_RR was_VBDZ that_CST the_AT high_JJ pressure_NN1 system_NN1 which_DDQ normally_RR dominates_VVZ the_AT South_NP Atlantic_NP1 was_VBDZ well_RR to_II the_AT east_ND1 of_IO its_APPGE customary_JJ position_NN1 ,_, close_RR in_RP to_II the_AT coast_NN1 of_IO southern_JJ Africa_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT weather_NN1 maps_VVZ from_II Pretoria_NP1 also_RR showed_VVD that_CST there_EX was_VBDZ a_AT1 low_JJ coming_NN1 off_II the_AT South_NP American_JJ continent_NN1 which_DDQ might_VM provide_VVI a_AT1 funnel_NN1 effect_NN1 between_II it_PPH1 and_CC the_AT high_JJ which_DDQ was_VBDZ sitting_VVG to_II the_AT east_ND1 of_IO \_NULL St_NP Helena_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ quite_RG happy_JJ to_TO keep_VVI heading_VVG more_DAR to_II the_AT south_ND1 than_CSN directly_RR towards_II Cape_NNL1 Town_NP ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ always_RR the_AT danger_NN1 of_IO running_JJ smack_NN1 into_II the_AT high_JJ and_CC stalling_VVG ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT recognised_JJ approach_NN1 to_II the_AT Cape_NNL1 of_IO Good_NP Hope_NP1 was_VBDZ to_TO make_VVI **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL southing_VVG as_RG quickly_RR as_CSA possible_JJ and_CC then_RT curve_VV0 in_RP behind_II the_AT high_JJ with_IW the_AT prospect_NN1 of_IO fresh_JJ tailwinds_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL By_II this_DD1 stage_NN1 we_PPIS2 had_VHD *1_NULL {_NULL NZI_NN2 }_NULL *0_NULL plotted_VVN just_RR to_II the_AT west_ND1 of_IO us_PPIO2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 seemed_VVD she_PPHS1 had_VHD tacked_VVN on_II21 to_II22 port_NN1 a_RR21 little_RR22 earlier_RRR ,_, and_CC now_RT we_PPIS2 were_VBDR clearly_RR the_AT two_MC furthest_JJT west_ND1 in_II the_AT fleet_NNJ ,_, although_CS *1_NULL Drum_NN1 *0_NULL was_VBDZ following_VVG a_AT1 similar_JJ course_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *1_NULL {_NULL UBS_NP1 }_NULL *0_NULL was_VBDZ recovering_VVG again_RT on_II a_AT1 course_NN1 between_II ours_PPGE and_CC those_DD2 of_IO *1_NULL Atlantic_NP1 Privateer_NN1 *0_NULL and_CC *1_NULL Cote_NP1 D'Or_NP1 ,_, *0_NULL which_DDQ were_VBDR a_AT1 long_JJ way_NN1 to_II the_AT east_ND1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT fleet_JJ plot_NN1 on_II the_AT chart_NN1 was_VBDZ highly_RR interesting_JJ with_IW six_MC maxis_NN1 spread_VVD out_RP in_II a_AT1 line_NN1 across_II the_AT ocean_NN1 with_IW not_XX much_DA1 difference_NN1 really_RR in_II the_AT distances_NN2 they_PPHS2 had_VHD to_TO travel_VVI to_II Cape_NNL1 Town_NP ._. ^ ^_NULL Who_PNQS had_VHD got_VVN it_PPH1 right_JJ *-_- ourselves_PPX2 out_RP to_II the_AT west_ND1 ,_, following_VVG the_AT traditional_JJ route_NN1 ,_, or_CC the_AT boats_NN2 gambling_VVG on_II a_AT1 course_NN1 well_RR to_II the_AT east_ND1 of_IO the_AT norm_NN1 ?_? ^ |_NULL ^_NULL We_PPIS2 got_VVD part_NN1 of_IO the_AT answer_NN1 almost_RR immediately_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL On_II the_AT night_NNT1 of_IO October_NPM1 23_MC ,_, after_II 25_MC days_NNT2 at_II sea_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 ran_VVD into_II 12_MC hours_NNT2 of_IO almost_RR complete_JJ calm_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT breeze_NN1 had_VHD been_VBN switching_VVG crazily_RR from_II the_AT north-west_ND1 to_II the_AT south-east_ND1 ,_, and_CC then_RT it_PPH1 died_VVD almost_RR completely_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ worse_JJR than_CSN the_AT Doldrums_NP2 ,_, and_CC I_PPIS1 had_VHD an_AT1 awful_JJ feeling_NN1 that_CST it_PPH1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 private_JJ parking_NN1 lot_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT next_MD day_NNT1 we_PPIS2 listened_VVD gloomily_RR to_II the_AT radio_NN1 to_TO find_VVI that_CST some_DD of_IO the_AT other_JJ boats_NN2 had_VHD done_VDN 100_MC miles_NNU2 more_RRR than_CSN us_PPIO2 in_II the_AT last_MD 24_MC hours_NNT2 ._. ^ ^_NULL *1_NULL Atlantic_NP1 Privateer_NN1 *0_NULL was_VBDZ now_RT 120_MC miles_NNU2 closer_RRR to_II Cape_NNL1 Town_NP ,_, although_CS still_RR well_RR to_II the_AT east_ND1 ._. ^ ^_NULL While_CS we_PPIS2 were_VBDR struggling_VVG to_TO make_VVI 105_MC miles_NNU2 to_II the_AT south_ND1 ,_, *1_NULL Cote_NP1 D'Or_NP1 ,_, *0_NULL which_DDQ was_VBDZ now_RT heading_VVG due_JJ south_ND1 down_II the_AT Atlantic_NP1 ,_, had_VHD covered_VVN 200_MC miles_NNU2 ._. ^ ^_NULL *1_NULL Drum_NN1 *0_NULL had_VHD caught_VVN and_CC passed_VVN us_PPIO2 ,_, and_CC *1_NULL {_NULL UBS_NP1 }_NULL *0_NULL had_VHD gained_VVN 35-40_MCMC miles_NNU2 on_II *1_NULL Lion_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 really_RR low_JJ blow_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT only_JJ solace_NN1 was_VBDZ that_CST we_PPIS2 'd_VHD sighted_VVN *1_NULL {_NULL NZI_NN2 }_NULL *0_NULL on_II the_AT 24th_MD ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 'd_VHD been_VBN 20_MC miles_NNU2 ahead_RL according_II21 to_II22 the_AT position_NN1 reports_VVZ on_II the_AT 23rd_MD *-_- Taylor_NP1 was_VBDZ finally_RR making_VVG his_APPGE location_NN1 known_VVN *-_- but_CCB we_PPIS2 'd_VHD pulled_VVN him_PPHO1 in_II all_DB through_II the_AT night_NNT1 until_CS by_II dawn_NNT1 we_PPIS2 had_VHD him_PPHO1 in_II sight_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL By_II late_JJ evening_NNT1 we_PPIS2 had_VHD him_PPHO1 mast_NN1 down_RP on_II the_AT horizon_NN1 to_II the_AT south_ND1 of_IO us_PPIO2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT lead_NN1 had_VHD changed_VVN again_RT ,_, but_CCB there_EX was_VBDZ no_AT use_NN1 our_APPGE getting_VVG down_RP in_II the_AT dumps_NN2 about_II the_AT fact_NN1 that_CST it_PPH1 had_VHD been_VBN our_APPGE turn_NN1 to_TO suffer_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ still_RR a_AT1 long_JJ way_NN1 to_TO go_VVI to_II Cape_NNL1 Town_NP and_CC much_DA1 could_VM yet_RR happen_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT log_NN1 pointed_VVD out_RP that_CST *'_" the_AT opera_NN1 is_VBZ n't_XX over_RP until_CS the_AT fat_JJ lady_NN1 sings_VVZ **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT entries_NN2 for_IF October_NPM1 24_MC noted_VVD :_: ^_NULL *'_" {_NULL NZI_NP1 }_NULL in_II sight_NN1 once_RR21 again_RR22 ,_, four_MC miles_NNU2 ahead_RL on_II our_APPGE bow_NN1 ,_, **'_" then_RT ^_NULL *'_" We_PPIS2 've_VH0 now_RT rolled_VVN {_NULL NZI_NP1 }_NULL to_II leeward_RL ,_, she_PPHS1 's_VBZ going_VVG out_RP the_AT back_NN1 door_NN1 like_II you_PPY would_VM not_XX believe_VVI ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL *#_NULL **[_NULL 193+TEXT+G06_FO **]_NULL ^ ^_NULL Sir_NNB Apirana_NP1 Ngata_NP1 was_VBDZ such_DA a_AT1 leader_NN1 ,_, reaching_VVG *'_" a_AT1 future_NN1 down_RP **'_" for_IF the_AT Maori_JJ people_NN ,_, imprinting_VVG their_APPGE cause_NN1 and_CC his_APPGE character_NN1 on_II national_JJ life_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 little_JJ place_NN1 ,_, Waiomatatini_NP1 ,_, is_VBZ not_XX only_RR his_APPGE home_NN1 ground_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ heavy_JJ with_IW the_AT history_NN1 and_CC hopes_NN2 of_IO the_AT Ngati_NP1 Porou_NP1 ,_, their_APPGE struggle_NN1 for_IF independence_NN1 and_CC assertiveness_NN1 in_II a_AT1 remote_JJ place_NN1 and_CC their_APPGE interaction_NN1 with_IW the_AT outside_JJ world_NN1 *-_- always_RR pressing_VVG in_RP ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL On_II a_AT1 rise_NN1 stands_VVZ the_AT fine_JJ whare_NN1 runanga_NN1 ,_, called_VVN Porourangi_NP1 ,_, after_CS the_AT father_NN1 figure_NN1 of_IO the_AT tribe_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Steep_JJ hills_NN2 rear_VV0 up_RP behind_RL ,_, with_IW the_AT remains_NN2 of_IO two_MC fighting_JJ pas_NN2 now_RT buried_VVD in_II scrub_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Alongside_II Porourangi_NP1 is_VBZ a_AT1 decorated_JJ hall_NN1 finished_VVD the_AT night_NNT1 before_II Sir_NNB Apirana_NP1 died_VVD ,_, which_DDQ he_PPHS1 named_VVD after_II his_APPGE wife_NN1 ,_, Arihia_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS had_VHD herself_PPX1 died_VVN tragically_RR 20_MC years_NNT2 earlier_RRR ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ also_RR a_AT1 little_JJ church_NN1 ,_, \_NULL St_NP Luke_NP1 's_GE ,_, built_VVN as_II a_AT1 memorial_NN1 to_II Major_NNB Ropata_NP1 Wahawaha_NP1 by_II the_AT Williams_NP1 family_NN ,_, whose_DDQGE support_NN1 for_IF Maori_JJ education_NN1 and_CC farming_NN1 is_VBZ remembered_VVN with_IW gratitude_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Ropata_NP1 's_GE role_NN1 had_VHD brought_VVN security_NN1 for_IF development_NN1 to_II the_AT advantage_NN1 of_IO both_DB2 the_AT Maori_JJ and_CC the_AT settlers_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Porourangi_NP1 itself_PPX1 was_VBDZ built_VVN in_II 1888_MC by_II the_AT Ngati_NP1 Porou_NP1 as_II a_AT1 symbol_NN1 of_IO reconciliation_NN1 after_II the_AT internecine_NN1 strife_NN1 of_IO 1865_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL Its_APPGE poupou_NN1 panels_NN2 were_VBDR each_DD1 contributed_VVD by_II individual_JJ hapu_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 were_VBDR told_VVN that_CST there_EX were_VBDR doubts_NN2 as_II21 to_II22 whether_CSW one_MC1 of_IO them_PPHO2 should_VM have_VHI been_VBN accepted_VVN since_CS it_PPH1 was_VBDZ suspected_VVN its_APPGE donors_NN2 were_VBDR rebels_NN2 at_II heart_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Behind_II Porourangi_NP1 is_VBZ another_DD1 memorial_NN1 to_II Ropata_NP1 offered_VVD by_II a_AT1 New_NP Zealand_NP1 Government_NNJ not_XX in_II the_AT least_RGT slow_JJ to_TO honour_VVI the_AT military_JJ drive_NN1 with_IW which_DDQ he_PPHS1 snuffed_VVD out_RP rebellion_NN1 along_II this_DD1 coast_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL So_RR again_RT the_AT feel_NN1 for_IF history_NN1 in_II a_AT1 place_NN1 like_II this_DD1 must_VM take_VVI in_RP more_RR21 than_RR22 one_MC1 view_NN1 or_CC the_AT other_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT challenges_NN2 and_CC responses_NN2 can_VM not_XX now_RT be_VBI disentangled_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL Softly_NP1 ,_, subtly_RR ,_, Waiomatatini_NP1 echoes_VVZ the_AT balance_NN1 ,_, the_AT give_VV0 and_CC take_VV0 of_IO history_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ a_AT1 very_RG New_NP Zealand_NP1 place_NN1 ,_, moving_VVG and_CC impressive_JJ at_II that_DD1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 had_VHD a_AT1 letter_NN1 to_II one_MC1 of_IO Sir_NNB Apirana_NP1 's_GE sons_NN2 ,_, Tipene_NP1 ,_, from_II my_APPGE friend_NN1 Brian_NP1 Poananga_NP1 ,_, himself_PPX1 a_AT1 son_NN1 of_IO the_AT Waiapu_NP1 and_CC another_DD1 Ngati_NP1 Porou_NP1 who_PNQS had_VHD made_VVN his_APPGE mark_NN1 on_II national_JJ life_NN1 ;_; at_II that_DD1 time_NNT1 he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ Major_NNB General_NP1 and_CC Chief_NN1 of_IO General_JJ Staff_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 presented_VVD ourselves_PPX2 at_II the_AT family_NN home_RL ,_, an_AT1 elegant_JJ ,_, low_JJ ,_, white_JJ house_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 long_JJ verandah_NN1 ,_, modestly_RR called_VVN *'_" The_AT Bungalow_NN1 **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ a_AT1 moment_NN1 when_RRQ my_APPGE awkward_JJ Pakeha_NP1 pronunciation_NN1 ,_, not_XX to_TO speak_VVI of_IO our_APPGE remarkably_RR unpresentable_JJ appearance_NN1 ,_, failed_VVD to_TO register_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL Then_RT Tipene_NP1 ,_, recognising_VVG the_AT letter_NN1 ,_, did_VDD a_AT1 little_JJ jig_NN1 of_IO pleasure_NN1 at_II the_AT communication_NN1 from_II Brian_NP1 Poananga_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL With_IW his_APPGE wife_NN1 he_PPHS1 made_VVD us_PPIO2 welcome_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 were_VBDR courteously_RR shown_VVN into_II a_AT1 grand_JJ room_NN1 decorated_VVN with_IW carved_JJ wall_NN1 slabs_NN2 and_CC patterned_JJ woven_JJ tukutuku_NN1 panels_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 colour_NN1 television_NN1 was_VBDZ flickering_VVG away_RP to_II the_AT rapt_JJ attention_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 small_JJ granddaughter_NN1 of_IO the_AT house_NN1 ,_, as_CSA we_PPIS2 had_VHD tea_NN1 and_CC cakes_NN2 and_CC heard_VVD something_PN1 of_IO the_AT Ngata_NP1 story_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Apirana_NP1 Ngata_NP1 was_VBDZ born_VVN at_II Te_AT Araroa_NP1 in_II 1874_MC ,_, the_AT oldest_JJT of_IO 15_MC children_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ brought_VVN up_RP by_II his_APPGE mother_NN1 's_VBZ sister_NN1 ,_, the_AT wife_NN1 of_IO Ropata_NP1 Wahawaha_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL His_APPGE father_NN1 ,_, Paratene_NP1 ,_, and_CC Ropata_NP1 ,_, believed_VVD firmly_RR in_II the_AT importance_NN1 of_IO education_NN1 and_CC land_NN1 development_NN1 and_CC they_PPHS2 passed_VVD their_APPGE convictions_NN2 on_II21 to_II22 the_AT young_JJ Apirana_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ a_AT1 nineteenth-century_JJ ring_NN1 now_RT to_II such_DA commitment_NN1 to_TO progress_VVI driven_JJ by_II education_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ thought_VVN necessary_JJ to_TO look_VVI forwards_RL ,_, not_XX backwards_RL ,_, to_TO accept_VVI the_AT pains_NN2 of_IO transition_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT next_MD generation_NN1 could_VM then_RT absorb_VVI the_AT new_JJ order_NN1 of_IO things_NN2 into_II the_AT old_JJ ways_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Ngati_NP1 Porou_NP1 elders_NN2 expressed_VVD this_DD1 view_NN1 in_II a_AT1 pithy_JJ saying_NN1 which_DDQ made_VVD a_AT1 great_JJ impression_NN1 on_II a_AT1 young_JJ medical_JJ student_NN1 named_VVD Te_AT Rangi_NP1 Hiroa_NP1 (_( whose_DDQGE Pakeha_NP1 name_NN1 was_VBDZ Peter_NP1 Buck_NP1 )_) :_: *'_" ka_NN1 pu_NN1 te_AT ruha_NN1 ,_, ka_NN1 hao_NN1 te_AT rangatahi_NN2 **'_" (_( *'_" the_AT old_JJ net_NN1 is_VBZ laid_VVN aside_RL ,_, the_AT new_JJ net_NN1 goes_VVZ fishing_NN1 **'_" )_) ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Ngata_NP1 was_VBDZ to_TO be_VBI the_AT political_JJ agent_NN1 for_IF change_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT first_MD Maori_JJ to_TO graduate_VVI from_II the_AT University_NN1 of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 ,_, and_CC indeed_RR one_MC1 of_IO the_AT first_MD New_JJ Zealanders_NP1 to_TO take_VVI the_AT combined_JJ {_NULL B.A._NN1 }_NULL ,_, {_NULL LL.B_NN1 ._. ^ }_NULL degrees_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ he_PPHS1 completed_VVD in_II 1897_MC ,_, he_PPHS1 went_VVD to_II Parliament_NNJ in_II 1905_MC and_CC virtually_RR made_VVD the_AT Eastern_NP1 Maori_NP1 seat_VV0 his_APPGE own_DA for_IF 40_MC years_NNT2 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 man_NN1 of_IO great_JJ energy_NN1 and_CC magnetic_JJ personality_NN1 and_CC was_VBDZ renowned_JJ for_IF his_APPGE oratory_NN1 in_II two_MC languages_NN2 and_CC his_APPGE far-reaching_JJ learning_NN1 in_II Maori_JJ language_NN1 ,_, lore_NN1 ,_, traditional_JJ chant_NN1 and_CC songs_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 worked_VVD tirelessly_RR in_II the_AT political_JJ role_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ Native_JJ Minister_NN1 in_II Sir_NNB Joseph_NP1 Ward_NP1 's_GE first_MD (_( 1909-12_MCMC )_) and_CC second_NNT1 (_( 1923-30_MCMC )_) ministries_NN2 and_CC under_II Forbes_NP1 (_( 1930-34_MCMC )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL His_APPGE readiness_NN1 to_TO tackle_VVI the_AT sensitive_JJ and_CC difficult_JJ issues_NN2 associated_VVN with_IW Maori_JJ land_NN1 grievances_NN2 kept_VVD him_PPHO1 in_II the_AT thick_JJ of_IO the_AT political_JJ battle_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 also_RR worked_VVD tirelessly_RR for_IF equal_JJ opportunities_NN2 in_II education_NN1 ,_, Maori_JJ participation_NN1 in_II European_JJ sport_NN1 and_CC resuscitation_NN1 of_IO traditional_JJ arts_NN2 and_CC crafts_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Accepting_VVG that_DD1 equality_NN1 is_VBZ two-edged_JJ ,_, he_PPHS1 also_RR supported_VVN Maori_JJ participation_NN1 in_II war_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Some_DD found_VVD him_PPHO1 divisive_JJ and_CC anti-European_NN1 ,_, when_CS he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ essentially_RR ,_, and_CC unbendingly_RR ,_, pro-Maori_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT devastating_JJ candour_NN1 he_PPHS1 could_VM reserve_VVI for_IF the_AT pompous_JJ and_CC the_AT uncritical_JJ ,_, who_PNQS could_VM not_XX see_VVI the_AT problems_NN2 for_IF the_AT arrogance_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE own_DA racial_JJ assumptions_NN2 ,_, could_VM be_VBI fully_RR offset_VVN by_II kindliness_NN1 and_CC courtesy_NN1 to_II those_DD2 Pakehas_NN2 who_PNQS could_VM accept_VVI *-_- even_RR support_VV0 *-_- his_APPGE struggle_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Much_DA1 ingenuity_NN1 had_VHD been_VBN shown_VVN by_II the_AT legislature_NNJ in_II devising_VVG ways_NN2 by_II which_DDQ communal_JJ owners_NN2 might_VM sell_VVI their_APPGE land_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Nothing_PN1 had_VHD been_VBN done_VDN to_TO help_VVI them_PPHO2 find_VVI the_AT finance_NN1 to_II farm_NN1 their_APPGE holdings_NN2 for_IF themselves_PPX2 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 national_JJ disgrace_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX were_VBDR plenty_PN of_IO complaints_NN2 about_II underused_JJ Maori_JJ land_NN1 ,_, yet_RR the_AT system_NN1 did_VDD not_XX provide_VVI for_IF development_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Even_RR in_II the_AT early_JJ 1920s_MC2 only_JJ money_NN1 from_II Maori_JJ sources_NN2 ,_, principally_RR the_AT Native_JJ Land_NN1 Trustee_NN1 ,_, could_VM be_VBI used_VVN to_TO guarantee_VVI loans_NN2 for_IF development_NN1 of_IO Maori_JJ land_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL {_NULL W.H._NP }_NULL Oliver_NP1 has_VHZ observed_VVN ,_, ^_NULL *'_" A_AT1 Pakeha_NP1 equivalent_NN1 would_VM have_VHI been_VBN the_AT financing_NN1 of_IO the_AT lands-for-settlement_NN2 scheme_VV0 with_IW the_AT accumulated_JJ funds_NN2 of_IO manual_JJ workers_NN2 ._. ^ **'_" ^_NULL Even_RR more_RGR unforgivable_JJ and_CC shameful_JJ ,_, rehabilitation_NN1 money_NN1 was_VBDZ not_XX made_VVN available_JJ to_TO help_VVI settle_NN1 Maori_JJ soldiers_NN2 of_IO World_NN1 War_NN1 *=_NULL I_MC1 back_NN1 on_II their_APPGE own_DA land_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL At_II the_AT same_DA time_NNT1 ,_, of_RR21 course_RR22 ,_, settlement_NN1 schemes_NN2 for_IF Pakeha_NP1 soldiers_NN2 were_VBDR creating_VVG further_JJR pressures_NN2 for_IF sales_NN2 from_II the_AT remaining_JJ blocks_NN2 of_IO Maori_JJ land_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Who_PNQS is_VBZ to_TO wonder_VVI that_CST Ngata_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS had_VHD been_VBN a_AT1 prime_JJ mover_NN1 in_II having_VHG the_AT Maori_NP1 accepted_VVN as_II a_AT1 soldier_NN1 in_II the_AT Empire_NN1 's_VBZ cause_NN1 ,_, should_VM sometimes_RT have_VHI been_VBN bitter_JJ ?_? ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 first_MD pushed_VVD a_AT1 reluctant_JJ legislature_NNJ to_TO require_VVI the_AT lending_NN1 agencies_NN2 to_TO provide_VVI mortgages_NN2 with_IW Maori_JJ land_NN1 as_II a_AT1 security_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 took_VVD him_PPHO1 until_II 1929_MC ,_, however_RR ,_, to_TO gain_VVI authority_NN1 ,_, as_CSA Minister_NN1 of_IO Native_JJ Affairs_NN2 ,_, to_TO bring_VVI Maori_JJ lands_NN2 under_II development_NN1 with_IW funds_NN2 from_II the_AT Treasury_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT end_NN1 it_PPH1 was_VBDZ to_TO prove_VVI his_APPGE political_JJ downfall_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II 1931_MC the_AT Maori_JJ Land_NN1 Development_NN1 Scheme_NN1 gave_VVD him_PPHO1 his_APPGE greatest_JJT political_JJ success_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Maori_JJ land_NN1 could_VM then_RT be_VBI brought_VVN into_II production_NN1 on_II a_AT1 large_JJ scale_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II the_AT Waiapu_NP1 ,_, consolidation_NN1 of_IO individual_JJ titles_NN2 into_II workable_JJ farm_NN1 units_NN2 ,_, with_IW funds_NN2 finally_RR made_VVN available_JJ for_IF development_NN1 ,_, led_VVN to_II a_AT1 remarkable_JJ surge_NN1 forward_RL ._. ^ ^_NULL With_IW the_AT people_NN settled_VVN on_II21 to_II22 dairy_NN1 farms_NN2 ,_, the_AT Ngati_NP1 Porou_NP1 were_VBDR able_JJ to_TO found_VVI their_APPGE own_DA dairy_NN1 company_NN1 ,_, eventually_RR extended_VVN to_II the_AT Waiapu_NP Valley_NNL1 Co-operative_JJ Movement_NNJ ._. ^ ^_NULL With_IW a_AT1 laugh_NN1 at_II themselves_PPX2 ,_, they_PPHS2 called_VVD their_APPGE butter_NN1 *'_" Nati_NN1 **'_" ,_, a_AT1 corruption_NN1 of_IO Ngati_NP1 (_( the_AT tribe_NN1 )_) and_CC a_AT1 slang_NN1 word_NN1 for_IF backwoodsmen_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 prospered_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL For_IF Ngata_NP1 it_PPH1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 local_JJ realisation_NN1 of_IO all_DB that_CST he_PPHS1 had_VHD worked_VVN for_IF :_: the_AT people_NN resettled_VVD on_II economic_JJ units_NN2 of_IO their_APPGE own_DA tribal_JJ land_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ proud_JJ of_IO the_AT indices_NN2 of_IO butterfat_NN1 production_NN1 and_CC purity_NN1 of_IO product_NN1 which_DDQ demonstrated_VVD the_AT efficiency_NN1 of_IO the_AT tribal_JJ farmers_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II such_DA a_AT1 setting_NN1 the_AT lore_NN1 and_CC spirit_NN1 of_IO the_AT marae_NN2 could_VM again_RT flourish_VVI and_CC was_VBDZ fostered_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL Tribal_JJ pride_NN1 and_CC purpose_NN1 could_VM be_VBI given_VVN substance_NN1 in_II new_JJ carved_JJ buildings_NN2 and_CC by_II the_AT encouragement_NN1 of_IO Maori_JJ arts_NN2 and_CC culture_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Then_RT progress_NN1 faltered_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT disruptions_NN2 of_IO World_NN1 War_NN1 *=_NULL II_MC and_CC social_JJ changes_NN2 and_CC the_AT greater_JJR certainty_NN1 of_IO the_AT 40-hour_JJ week_NNT1 and_CC the_AT regular_JJ pay_NN1 packet_NN1 in_II town_NN1 caused_VVD the_AT people_NN to_TO drift_VVI away_II21 from_II22 the_AT land_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT very_JJ momentum_NN1 of_IO the_AT drive_NN1 for_IF education_NN1 ,_, by_II which_DDQ Ngata_NP1 set_VVD so_RG much_DA1 store_NN1 ,_, tended_VVD to_TO carry_VVI the_AT young_JJ leaders_NN2 off_RP into_II the_AT wider_JJR world_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Large-scale_JJ investment_NN1 in_II farming_NN1 was_VBDZ needed_VVN to_TO keep_VVI pace_NN1 with_IW the_AT new_JJ techniques_NN2 and_CC products_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Small_NP1 farmers_NN2 on_II undercapitalised_JJ units_NN2 found_VVD it_PPH1 increasingly_RR difficult_JJ to_TO compete_VVI ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Now_RT the_AT pendulum_NN1 has_VHZ swung_VVN again_RT ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT Waiapu_NP1 ,_, new_JJ intensive_JJ farming_NN1 practices_NN2 are_VBR in_RR21 full_RR22 swing_VV0 :_: quality_NN1 grapes_NN2 are_VBR being_VBG grown_VVN for_IF wine_NN1 at_II Tikitiki_NP1 ;_; fine_JJ stock_NN1 farming_NN1 flourishes_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT children_NN2 of_IO yesterday_RT 's_GE tenant_NN1 farmers_NN2 may_VM still_RR for_RR41 the_RR42 most_RR43 part_RR44 be_VBI today_RT 's_GE absentee_NN1 landlords_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Yet_RR several_DA2 prominent_JJ and_CC highly_RR qualified_JJ members_NN2 of_IO the_AT tribe_NN1 have_VH0 returned_VVN to_II farm_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT ferment_NN1 continues_VVZ ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 new_JJ generation_NN1 seeks_VVZ new_JJ solutions_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Tipene_NP1 Ngata_NP1 farms_VVZ a_AT1 large_JJ block_NN1 as_II a_AT1 joint_JJ owner_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT remoteness_NN1 of_IO the_AT Waiapu_NP1 means_VVZ that_CST their_APPGE operations_NN2 are_VBR bedevilled_VVN by_II transport_NN1 problems_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 told_VVD us_PPIO2 of_IO the_AT costs_NN2 of_IO getting_VVG livestock_NN1 to_TO market_VVI ,_, of_IO a_AT1 revival_NN1 of_IO interest_NN1 in_II opening_VVG the_AT port_NN1 at_II Hicks_NP Bay_NNL1 and_CC of_IO the_AT challenges_NN2 of_IO decision-making_JJ involved_JJ in_II running_VVG large_JJ farming_NN1 operations_NN2 under_II joint_JJ ownership_NN1 and_CC control_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Yet_RR for_IF the_AT Ngati_NP1 Porou_NP1 it_PPH1 can_VM only_RR be_VBI a_AT1 source_NN1 of_IO strength_NN1 that_CST their_APPGE fires_NN2 still_RR burn_VV0 in_II the_AT valley_NN1 and_CC on_II the_AT surrounding_JJ hills_NN2 ,_, marking_VVG their_APPGE solid_JJ and_CC continuing_VVG hold_NN1 on_II that_DD1 most_RGT sacred_JJ of_IO Maori_JJ resources_NN2 ,_, the_AT land_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Ngata_NP1 's_GE political_JJ career_NN1 crumbled_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 felt_VVD obliged_VVD to_TO resign_VVI as_CSA Minister_NN1 of_IO Native_JJ Affairs_NN2 in_II 1934_MC after_II a_AT1 Commission_NNJ found_VVD that_CST he_PPHS1 had_VHD been_VBN careless_JJ in_II the_AT administration_NN of_IO public_JJ funds_NN2 for_IF development_NN1 purposes_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ never_RR the_AT slightest_JJT suggestion_NN1 of_IO personal_JJ gain_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Rather_RR it_PPH1 seemed_VVD that_CST he_PPHS1 had_VHD shown_VVN a_AT1 fine_JJ and_CC perhaps_RR rather_RG aristocratic_JJ disregard_NN1 for_IF the_AT rules_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 has_VHZ been_VBN suggested_VVN that_CST he_PPHS1 acted_VVD deliberately_RR to_TO draw_VVI attention_NN1 to_II miserly_RR funding_VVG for_IF Maori_JJ land_NN1 development_NN1 purposes_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Whatever_DDQV the_AT cause_NN1 ,_, he_PPHS1 took_VVD the_AT honourable_JJ course_NN1 of_IO resignation_NN1 from_II the_AT Government_NNJ ,_, the_AT last_MD cabinet_NN1 minister_NN1 in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 to_TO do_VDI so_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL Demographic_JJ changes_NN2 and_CC the_AT rise_NN1 of_IO the_AT Labour_JJ Party_NNJ cost_VVD him_PPHO1 his_APPGE Eastern_NP1 Maori_NP1 seat_NN1 in_II Parliament_NNJ in_II 1943_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 has_VHZ been_VBN easily_RR held_VVN by_II Labour_NNJ ever_RR since_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL Ngata_NP1 ,_, however_RR ,_, then_RT turned_VVD his_APPGE attention_NN1 and_CC formidable_JJ intellect_NN1 to_II the_AT study_NN1 of_IO Maori_JJ lore_NN1 and_CC language_NN1 and_CC the_AT promotion_NN1 of_IO Maori_JJ arts_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II this_DD1 field_NN1 he_PPHS1 made_VVD further_RRR remarkable_JJ and_CC scholarly_JJ contributions_NN2 to_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 life_NN1 and_CC letters_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL For_IF the_AT Ngati_NP1 Porou_NP1 ,_, Ngata_NP1 's_GE standing_NN1 and_CC achievements_NN2 were_VBDR no_RR21 doubt_RR22 an_AT1 inspiration_NN1 and_CC an_AT1 example_NN1 in_II their_APPGE remote_JJ and_CC beautiful_JJ valley_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL His_APPGE energies_NN2 ,_, however_RR ,_, were_VBDR for_RR41 the_RR42 most_RR43 part_RR44 directed_VVN elsewhere_RL ._. ^ ^_NULL Other_JJ tribes_NN2 were_VBDR laying_VVG a_AT1 firmer_JJR foundation_NN1 for_IF the_AT future_NN1 with_IW the_AT establishment_NN of_IO Trust_NNJ Boards_NNJ2 ;_; Ngati_NP1 Porou_NP1 health_NN1 statistics_NN are_VBR a_ZZ1 worry_VV0 even_RR today_RT ._. ^ ^_NULL Ngata_NP1 was_VBDZ at_II heart_NN1 an_AT1 old-fashioned_JJ conservative_NN1 ;_; he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 visionary_NN1 who_PNQS offered_VVD a_AT1 simple_JJ ,_, almost_RR mystical_JJ ,_, relationship_NN1 with_IW the_AT land_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Salvation_NN1 was_VBDZ to_TO be_VBI by_II31 way_II32 of_II33 self-reliant_JJ peasant_NN1 communities_NNJ2 gathered_VVD about_II the_AT marae_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ not_XX enough_RR ,_, in_II a_AT1 world_NN1 of_IO technology_NN1 and_CC change_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT people_NN had_VHD to_TO learn_VVI to_TO strike_VVI out_RP in_II new_JJ directions_NN2 and_CC would_VM do_VDI so_RG regardless_RR of_IO the_AT dream_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL For_IF his_APPGE part_NN1 Ngata_NP1 became_VVD disillusioned_VVN with_IW the_AT modern_JJ world_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 rich_JJ correspondence_NN1 with_IW his_APPGE lifelong_JJ comrade_NN1 ,_, Te_AT Rangi_NP1 Hiroa_NP1 ,_, dried_VVD up_RP for_IF four_MC years_NNT2 in_II the_AT mid-1930s_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 later_RRR explained_VVD the_AT lapse_NN1 to_II his_APPGE friend_NN1 as_CSA arising_VVG from_II a_AT1 deep_JJ foreboding_NN1 that_CST *'_" increased_VVD social_JJ benefits_NN2 ,_, higher_JJR wages_NN2 for_IF less_DAR work_NN1 and_CC equality_NN1 of_IO Maori_NP1 and_CC Pakeha_NP1 **'_" would_VM be_VBI fatal_JJ *'_" to_II the_AT individuality_NN1 of_IO the_AT Maori_JJ people_NN **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 did_VDD not_XX like_VVI what_DDQ he_PPHS1 saw_VVD as_CSA *'_" attacks_VVZ by_II the_AT influences_NN2 of_IO education_NN1 and_CC of_IO the_AT economic_JJ system_NN1 of_IO the_AT white_JJ man_NN1 on_II family_NN relationships_NN2 ,_, co-operation_NN1 under_II recognised_JJ hapu_NN1 and_CC tribal_JJ leaders_NN2 in_II communal_JJ undertakings_NN2 **'_" ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL A_AT1 great_JJ leader_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 compelling_JJ orator_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 man_NN1 of_IO immense_JJ energy_NN1 and_CC drive_VV0 seemingly_RR lost_VVD his_APPGE way_NN1 in_II the_AT complexities_NN2 of_IO modern_JJ life_NN1 ..._... ^ ^_NULL *'_" There_EX were_VBDR committees_NNJ2 everywhere_RL cutting_VVG across_II old_JJ methods_NN2 of_IO consultations_NN2 on_II the_AT maraes_NN2 and_CC in_II the_AT runanga_NN1 houses_NN2 ..._... the_AT new_JJ system_NN1 seemed_VVD to_TO challenge_VVI all_DB that_CST we_PPIS2 had_VHD come_VVN to_TO associate_VVI with_IW mana_NN1 in_II Maori_JJ affairs_NN2 ._. ^ **'_" ^_NULL Ngata_NP1 died_VVD in_II 1950_MC ,_, aged_II 76_MC ,_, at_II Waiomatatini_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 is_VBZ buried_VVN there_RL ,_, as_CSA Te_AT Rangi_NP1 Hiroa_NP1 described_VVD it_PPH1 ,_, *'_" on_II Puputa_NP1 above_II the_AT great_JJ tribal_JJ meeting_NN1 house_NN1 of_IO Porourangi_NP1 from_II whence_RRQ he_PPHS1 set_VVD out_RP as_II a_AT1 boy_NN1 to_TO attain_VVI a_AT1 glory_NN1 of_IO achievement_NN1 which_DDQ will_VM light_VVI up_RP the_AT horizon_NN1 for_IF generations_NN2 yet_RR unborn_JJ **'_" ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 194+TEXT+G07_FO **]_NULL ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT 30th_MD Battalion_NN1 was_VBDZ directed_VVN to_II the_AT Koumac_NP1 area_NN1 ,_, 250_MC miles_NNU2 north_ND1 of_IO Noumea_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL New_NP Caledonia_NP1 is_VBZ just_RR south_ND1 of_IO Fiji_NP1 in_II longitude_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 has_VHZ a_AT1 warm_JJ ,_, dry_JJ climate_NN1 ,_, but_CCB the_AT greatest_JJT concentration_NN1 of_IO mosquitoes_NN2 (_( fortunately_RR non-malarial_JJ )_) I_PPIS1 have_VH0 ever_RR seen_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT only_JJ development_NN1 in_II those_DD2 days_NNT2 had_VHD taken_VVN place_NN1 around_II Noumea_NP1 and_CC roads_NN2 ,_, including_II the_AT main_JJ communication_NN1 route_NN1 which_DDQ generally_RR followed_VVD the_AT west_ND1 coast_NN1 ,_, were_VBDR primitive_JJ ,_, to_TO say_VVI the_AT least_RRT ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT area_NN1 is_VBZ rich_JJ in_II minerals_NN2 ,_, particularly_RR copper_JJ and_CC nickel_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Most_DAT of_IO the_AT mining_NN1 was_VBDZ being_VBG done_VDN by_II Asian_JJ indentured_JJ labourers_NN2 from_II the_AT Gulf_NNL1 of_IO Tonkin_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT countryside_NN1 was_VBDZ not_XX unlike_II the_AT outback_NN1 of_IO Australia_NP1 ,_, but_CCB instead_II21 of_II22 eucalypts_NN2 ,_, there_EX were_VBDR thousands_NNO2 and_CC thousands_NNO2 of_IO niaouli_NN2 trees_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Even_RR the_AT trees_NN2 looked_VVD spindly_RR and_CC depressed_JJ ,_, as_CS21 if_CS22 they_PPHS2 were_VBDR in_II31 need_II32 of_II33 Oxfam_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 provided_VVD little_DA1 shade_NN1 ,_, but_CCB they_PPHS2 did_VDD produce_VVI a_AT1 bark_NN1 which_DDQ peeled_VVD readily_RR and_CC could_VM be_VBI used_VVN for_IF thatching_VVG ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT expression_NN1 *'_" niaouli_NN2 happy_JJ **'_" was_VBDZ coined_VVN pretty_RG soon_RR after_CS we_PPIS2 arrived_VVD ,_, and_CC it_PPH1 said_VVD it_PPH1 all_DB ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT soil_NN1 was_VBDZ mainly_RR red_JJ laterite_NN1 which_DDQ ,_, during_II the_AT wet_JJ season_NNT1 ,_, coloured_VVD the_AT water_NN1 and_CC ,_, in_II the_AT dry_JJ season_NNT1 ,_, coloured_VVD everything_PN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Koumac_NP1 is_VBZ a_AT1 small_JJ village_NN1 and_CC the_AT most_RGT northern_JJ on_II the_AT island_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Apart_II21 from_II22 its_APPGE geographical_JJ position_NN1 ,_, the_AT area_NN1 's_GE military_JJ importance_NN1 lay_VVD in_II its_APPGE airfield_NN1 which_DDQ could_VM take_VVI up_II21 to_II22 a_AT1 {_NULL DC_NP1 }_NULL 3_MC and_CC could_VM be_VBI developed_VVN further_RRR ,_, and_CC a_AT1 radar_NN1 station_NN1 established_VVN and_CC manned_JJ by_II the_AT Americans_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Both_DB2 became_VVD the_AT security_NN1 responsibility_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE Battalion_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL To_II those_DD2 of_IO us_PPIO2 who_PNQS had_VHD known_VVN Momi_NP Bay_NNL1 in_II Fiji_NP1 ,_, the_AT signs_NN2 were_VBDR unmistakeable_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Here_RL was_VBDZ another_DD1 job_NN1 of_IO hard_JJ graft_NN1 and_CC pioneering_VVG work_NN1 *-_- tent_NN1 sites_NN2 to_TO be_VBI cleared_VVN ,_, cookhouses_NN2 to_TO be_VBI erected_VVN ,_, mess_NN1 bures_VVZ to_TO be_VBI built_VVN ,_, roads_NN2 to_TO be_VBI made_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL To_II the_AT credit_NN1 of_IO the_AT Battalion_NN1 ,_, however_RR ,_, a_AT1 camp_NN1 had_VHD been_VBN established_VVN by_II Christmas_NNT1 and_CC concerts_NN2 were_VBDR being_VBG performed_VVN on_II a_AT1 stage_NN1 by_II New_JJ Year_NNT1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Major_NNB Vin_NP1 Cauty_NP1 was_VBDZ our_APPGE Company_NNJ Commander_NN1 ,_, but_CCB he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ quickly_RR involved_JJ in_II establishing_VVG records_NN2 for_IF crosscountry_NN1 hikes_NN2 and_CC navigation_NN1 exercises_NN2 which_DDQ were_VBDR his_APPGE forte_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Captain_NNB Denis_NP1 Young_NP1 of_IO Wellington_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 very_RG balanced_JJ individual_NN1 with_IW rare_JJ leadership_NN1 ability_NN1 ,_, ran_VVD the_AT company_NN1 which_DDQ consisted_VVD of_IO two_MC Vickers_NP1 machine_NN1 gun_NN1 platoons_NN2 commanded_VVD by_II Ted_NP1 Taylor_NP1 and_CC myself_PPX1 ,_, and_CC Wally_NP1 Davies_NP1 ,_, commanding_VVG a_AT1 mortar_NN1 platoon_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL All_DB had_VHD been_VBN involved_JJ with_IW our_APPGE courses_NN2 at_II Trentham_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Christmas_NNT1 concert_NN1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 good_JJ one_PN1 and_CC was_VBDZ attended_VVN by_II our_APPGE Brigade_NNJ Commander_NN1 ,_, Brigadier_NNB Les_NP1 Potter_NP1 ,_, {_NULL NZSC_NP }_NULL ,_, who_PNQS stayed_VVD with_IW us_PPIO2 for_IF a_DD221 few_DD222 days_NNT2 during_II which_DDQ the_AT Battalion_NN1 hardly_RR covered_VVD itself_PPX1 with_IW glory_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Brigadier_NNB Potter_NP1 was_VBDZ an_AT1 unusual_JJ man_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL His_APPGE rank_NN1 and_CC appointment_NN1 indicated_VVD his_APPGE military_JJ attributes_NN2 ;_; but_CCB to_II subalterns_NN2 anyhow_RR ,_, he_PPHS1 did_VDD n't_XX radiate_VVI charm_NN1 ,_, warmth_NN1 or_CC inspiration_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ short_JJ and_CC dumpy_JJ and_CC he_PPHS1 always_RR appeared_VVN ,_, even_CS21 when_CS22 delivering_VVG a_AT1 rocket_NN1 (_( and_CC I_PPIS1 should_VM know_VVI )_) ,_, to_TO be_VBI looking_VVG over_RP your_APPGE shoulder_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ a_AT1 problem_NN1 in_II New_NP Caledonia_NP1 with_IW black_JJ widow_NN1 spiders_NN2 which_DDQ had_VHD a_AT1 very_RG nasty_JJ bite_NN1 and_CC seemed_VVD to_TO enjoy_VVI the_AT dark_NN1 ,_, particularly_RR the_AT inside_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE wooden_JJ latrines_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 soldier_NN1 was_VBDZ bitten_VVN on_II the_AT scrotum_NN1 and_CC even_CS21 if_CS22 only_JJ half_NN of_IO what_DDQ we_PPIS2 heard_VVD about_II its_APPGE effect_NN1 and_CC the_AT resultant_JJ colour_NN1 and_CC size_NN1 was_VBDZ true_JJ ,_, it_PPH1 was_VBDZ far_RG21 from_RG22 funny_JJ and_CC made_VVD us_PPIO2 all_DB ,_, as_II a_AT1 Cockney_NN1 lad_NN1 in_II \_NULL HQ_NN1 company_NN1 said_VVD ,_, *'_" dead_RG jumpy_JJ **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL To_TO counter_VVI the_AT spiders_NN2 all_DB latrines_NN2 were_VBDR flashed_VVN out_RP each_DD1 day_NNT1 by_II the_AT sanitary_JJ man_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 would_VM splash_VVI petrol_NN1 inside_RL ,_, close_RR the_AT lid_NN1 to_TO get_VVI the_AT fumes_NN2 concentrated_VVN ,_, then_RT drop_VV0 in_II a_AT1 match_NN1 ,_, having_VHG made_VVN sure_JJ he_PPHS1 'd_VHD got_VVN his_APPGE eyebrows_NN2 out_II21 of_II22 the_AT way_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT officers_NN2 had_VHD a_AT1 one-holer_NN1 tactically_RR sited_VVN close_RR to_II the_AT officers_NN2 '_GE mess_NN1 bure_NN1 ,_, and_CC practically_RR placed_VVN so_CS21 that_CS22 occupation_NN1 could_VM be_VBI observed_VVN especially_RR round_JJ breakfast_NN1 time_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL One_MC1 Sunday_NPD1 when_RRQ most_DAT of_IO us_PPIO2 were_VBDR at_II breakfast_NN1 before_II a_AT1 church_NN1 service_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 had_VHD become_VVN aware_JJ that_CST the_AT one-holer_NN1 was_VBDZ occupied_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 pause_NN1 ,_, then_RT there_EX was_VBDZ an_AT1 almighty_JJ flash_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT hessian_JJ screen_NN1 around_II the_AT latrine_NN1 fell_VVD outwards_RL and_CC we_PPIS2 were_VBDR treated_VVN to_II the_AT sight_NN1 of_IO one_MC1 of_IO our_APPGE fellow_JJ officers_NN2 ,_, pipe_NN1 in_II mouth_NN1 ,_, trousers_NN2 around_II his_APPGE boots_NN2 ,_, still_RR in_II the_AT sitting_JJ position_NN1 but_CCB a_AT1 good_JJ foot_NN1 off_II the_AT seat_NN1 with_IW ,_, underneath_II him_PPHO1 ,_, the_AT sort_NN1 of_IO flame_NN1 we_PPIS2 've_VH0 become_VVN accustomed_JJ to_II seeing_VVG at_II Cape_NNL1 Canaveral_NP during_II the_AT early_JJ stage_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 launch_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT poor_JJ chap_NN1 finally_RR came_VVD down_RP again_RT and_CC was_VBDZ helped_VVN to_II the_AT {_NULL RAP_NN1 }_NULL ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Fortunately_RR he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ n't_XX too_RG badly_RR hurt_VVN ,_, only_RR losing_VVG some_DD skin_NN1 ,_, although_CS he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ evacuated_VVN to_II a_AT1 base_JJ hospital_NN1 where_RRQ he_PPHS1 spent_VVD some_DD time_NNT1 lying_VVG on_II his_APPGE stomach_NN1 ,_, no_RR21 doubt_RR22 harbouring_VVG dark_JJ thoughts_NN2 about_II a_AT1 certain_JJ sanitary_JJ man_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 did_VDD ,_, though_CS ,_, tell_VVI us_PPIO2 what_DDQ happened_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 sat_VVD ,_, thought_VVD he_PPHS1 would_VM have_VHI a_AT1 pipe_NN1 as_RR21 well_RR22 and_CC lit_VVD it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Then_RT he_PPHS1 dropped_VVD the_AT match_NN1 inside_RL ,_, where_CS the_AT petrol_NN1 fumes_NN2 were_VBDR still_RR waiting_VVG ._. ^ ^_NULL Sequel_NP1 *-_- a_AT1 sanitary_JJ man_NN1 became_VVD an_AT1 infantryman_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL On_II the_AT military_JJ side_NN1 ,_, apart_II21 from_II22 occupying_VVG areas_NN2 which_DDQ required_VVD security_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 did_VDD a_AT1 great_JJ deal_NN1 of_IO sound_NN1 training_NN1 ,_, using_VVG the_AT enormous_JJ space_NN1 available_JJ everywhere_RL ._. ^ ^_NULL Everyone_PN1 waited_VVD for_IF signs_NN2 that_CST we_PPIS2 would_VM be_VBI moving_JJ north_ND1 but_CS we_PPIS2 had_VHD to_TO wait_VVI until_CS June_NP1 for_IF an_AT1 announcement_NN1 that_CST the_AT Brigade_NNJ was_VBDZ to_TO receive_VVI training_VVG in_II amphibious_JJ landings_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT {_NULL CO_NP1 }_NULL was_VBDZ to_TO attend_VVI an_AT1 exercise_NN1 in_II Noumea_NP1 and_CC Leo_NP1 Kermode_NP1 and_CC I_PPIS1 accompanied_VVD him_PPHO1 before_II returning_VVG to_II Koumac_NP1 to_TO conduct_VVI training_VVG mainly_RR in_II the_AT use_NN1 of_IO cargo_NN1 nets_VVZ to_TO get_VVI to_RP and_CC from_II troop_NN1 transport_NN1 landing_VVG barges_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Lieutenant_NNB Leo_NP1 Kermode_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 Duntroon_NP1 graduate_NN1 ,_, was_VBDZ a_AT1 sometimes_RT introspective_JJ but_CCB always_RR positive_JJ character_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL When_CS he_PPHS1 got_VVD steamed_VVN up_RP he_PPHS1 could_VM be_VBI outspoken_JJ and_CC he_PPHS1 'd_VHD already_RR had_VHN a_AT1 head-on_RR with_IW a_AT1 couple_NN1 of_IO Regular_JJ officers_NN2 of_IO some_DD seniority_NN1 and_CC more_RRR was_VBDZ to_TO come_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL Leo_NP1 weathered_VVD it_PPH1 all_DB ,_, however_RR ,_, and_CC retired_VVD as_II a_AT1 brigadier_NN1 a_DD221 few_DD222 years_NNT2 ago_RA ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Leo_NP1 and_CC I_PPIS1 took_VVD part_NN1 in_II an_AT1 exercise_NN1 on_II the_AT {_NULL USS_NN1 }_NULL *1_NULL John_NP1 Penn_NP1 *0_NULL which_DDQ involved_VVD the_AT embarkation_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 battalion_NN1 and_CC the_AT tactical_JJ loading_NN1 of_IO stores_NN2 ,_, arms_NN2 and_CC equipment_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Then_RT it_PPH1 was_VBDZ *'_" debarkation_NN1 **'_" over_II landing_VVG nets_NN2 into_II Higgins_NP1 barges_VVZ ,_, each_DD1 manned_JJ by_II a_AT1 Navy_JJ cockswain_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 gunner_NN1 ,_, and_CC movement_NN1 to_TO shore_VVI in_II formation_NN1 to_TO effect_VVI a_AT1 landing_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL After_II forming_VVG a_AT1 perimeter_JJR on_II the_AT beach_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 had_VHD to_TO return_VVI to_II the_AT transport_NN1 in_II the_AT barges_NN2 ,_, this_DD1 time_NNT1 climbing_VVG up_RP the_AT nets_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT decks_NN2 of_IO the_AT transports_NN2 were_VBDR very_RG high_JJ and_CC you_PPY needed_VVD confidence_NN1 and_CC technique_NN1 to_TO scramble_VVI up_RP and_CC down_RP the_AT nets_NN2 ,_, especially_RR at_II the_AT bow_NN1 ,_, where_CS the_AT nets_NN2 were_VBDR inclined_JJ to_TO swing_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 were_VBDR all_DB heavily_RR laden_VVN with_IW packs_NN2 ,_, shovels_NN2 ,_, entrenching_VVG tools_NN2 ,_, weapons_NN2 \_NULL etc._RA ,_, which_DDQ made_VVD it_PPH1 difficult_JJ to_TO maintain_VVI our_APPGE balance_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ not_XX unusual_JJ for_IF troops_NN2 to_TO freeze_VVI on_II the_AT nets_NN2 ,_, especially_RR when_RRQ the_AT weight_NN1 of_IO packs_NN2 or_CC equipment_NN1 caused_VVD their_APPGE feet_NN2 to_TO go_VVI forward_RL and_CC their_APPGE heads_NN2 back_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 lot_NN of_IO training_VVG in_II full_JJ kit_NN1 was_VBDZ necessary_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL At_RR21 least_RR22 two_MC soldiers_NN2 fell_VVD from_II the_AT nets_NN2 ,_, fortunately_RR without_IW serious_JJ injury_NN1 ,_, but_CCB a_AT1 padre_NN1 who_PNQS fell_VVD across_II a_AT1 barge_NN1 was_VBDZ badly_RR hurt_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Leo_NP1 and_CC I_PPIS1 were_VBDR also_RR introduced_VVN to_II the_AT techniques_NN2 of_IO tactically_RR loading_VVG vehicles_NN2 ,_, guns_NN2 and_CC equipment_NN1 ,_, putting_VVG the_AT space_NN1 available_JJ to_II the_AT best_JJT use_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Scaled_JJ templates_NN2 of_IO vehicles_NN2 and_RR31 so_RR32 on_RR33 were_VBDR used_VVN to_TO plan_VVI the_AT loading_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL We_PPIS2 returned_VVD to_II Koumac_NP1 and_CC began_VVD exercising_VVG companies_NN2 in_II rotation_NN1 ,_, having_VHG secured_VVN landing_VVG nets_NN2 to_II scaffolding_NN1 representing_VVG the_AT sides_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 transport_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II due_JJ course_NN1 ,_, to_II everyone_PN1 's_GE relief_NN1 ,_, the_AT Battalion_NN1 moved_VVN out_II21 of_II22 Koumac_NP1 to_TO undertake_VVI an_AT1 amphibious_JJ exercise_NN1 on_II the_AT {_NULL USS_NN1 }_NULL *1_NULL John_NP1 Penn_NP1 *0_NULL in_II Noumea_NP1 before_II moving_VVG to_II the_AT Solomon_NP Islands_NNL2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT planning_NN1 and_CC loading_NN1 of_IO vehicles_NN2 and_CC heavy_JJ equipment_NN1 onto_II transports_NN2 for_IF the_AT Brigade_NNJ 's_GE move_NN1 north_ND1 to_II the_AT Solomons_NP1 became_VVD my_APPGE and_CC Leo_NP1 Kermode_NP1 's_GE responsibility_NN1 ,_, and_CC it_PPH1 represented_VVD quite_RR a_AT1 challenge_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 soon_RR became_VVD clear_JJ that_CST all_DB vehicles_NN2 were_VBDR not_XX going_VVGK to_TO fit_VVI ,_, so_CS priority_NN1 became_VVD important_JJ ,_, and_CC it_PPH1 was_VBDZ also_RR essential_JJ to_TO load_VVI so_CS21 that_CS22 vehicles_NN2 came_VVD off_RP in_II the_AT required_JJ order_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 managed_VVD to_TO get_VVI all_RR21 but_RR22 two_MC loaded_VVD and_CC ,_, at_II about_RG 0200_MC hours_NNT2 in_II the_AT morning_NNT1 ,_, with_IW some_DD sense_NN1 of_IO satisfaction_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 were_VBDR leaning_VVG against_II a_AT1 shed_NN1 on_II the_AT wharf_NN1 ,_, so_CS21 that_CS22 we_PPIS2 would_VM n't_XX fall_VVI over_RP with_IW tiredness_NN1 ,_, when_CS the_AT Brigadier_NN1 drove_VVD up_RP to_TO have_VHI a_AT1 final_JJ check_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL We_PPIS2 reported_VVD the_AT situation_NN1 ,_, or_CC at_RR21 least_RR22 Leo_NP1 did_VDD ,_, because_CS he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ senior_JJ to_II me_PPIO1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 would_VM be_VBI true_JJ to_TO say_VVI that_CST the_AT conversation_NN1 became_VVD acrimonious_JJ *-_- well_NN1 ,_, as_RG acrimonious_JJ as_CSA a_AT1 purely_RR one-way_JJ conversation_NN1 between_II a_AT1 brigadier_NN1 and_CC lieutenant_NN1 can_VM be_VBI ._. ^ ^_NULL As_RG patiently_RR as_CSA possible_JJ Leo_NP1 explained_VVD the_AT hard_JJ facts_NN2 of_IO hold_NN1 and_CC deck_NN1 availability_NN1 against_II vehicle_NN1 requirements_NN2 and_CC priority_NN1 ,_, but_CCB to_II no_AT avail_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ firmly_RR instructed_VVN to_TO get_VVI all_DB the_AT vehicles_NN2 aboard_RL ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT question_NN1 had_VHD to_TO be_VBI asked_VVN :_: ^_NULL *'_" Where_RRQ can_VM I_PPIS1 put_VVI them_PPHO2 ?_? ^ **'_" ^_NULL Brigadier_NNB Potter_NP1 must_VM have_VHI also_RR had_VHN a_AT1 long_JJ hard_JJ day_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 got_VVD into_II his_APPGE car_NN1 ,_, poked_VVD his_APPGE head_NN1 out_II21 of_II22 the_AT window_NN1 ,_, said_VVD ,_, ^_NULL *'_" Put_VVD them_PPHO2 up_RP the_AT mast_NN1 **'_" ,_, and_CC drove_VVD off_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 admired_VVD both_RR Leo_NP1 's_GE restraint_NN1 and_CC the_AT action_NN1 he_PPHS1 took_VVD to_TO get_VVI the_AT overflow_NN1 vehicles_NN2 on_II the_AT next_MD transport_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 became_VVD a_AT1 private_JJ joke_NN1 between_II Leo_NP1 and_CC me_PPIO1 for_IF many_DA2 years_NNT2 ;_; whenever_RRQV things_NN2 looked_VVD impossible_JJ ,_, the_AT answer_NN1 :_: ^_NULL *'_" Put_VV0 them_PPHO2 up_RP the_AT mast_NN1 **'_" ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II mid_JJ August_NPM1 the_AT brigade_NNJ in_II convoy_NN1 *-_- {_NULL USS_NN1 }_NULL *1_NULL President_NNB Adams_NP1 *0_NULL (_( 30th_MD Battalion_NN1 )_) ,_, {_NULL USS_NN1 }_NULL *1_NULL President_NNB Hayes_NP1 *0_NULL (_( 35th_MD Battalion_NN1 )_) and_CC {_NULL USS_NN1 }_NULL *1_NULL President_NNB Jackson_NP1 *0_NULL (_( 37th_MD Battalion_NN1 )_) and_CC three_MC escorting_JJ destroyers_NN2 *-_- steamed_VVD out_II21 of_II22 Noumea_NP1 Harbour_NP1 for_IF the_AT New_NP Hebrides_NP1 and_CC the_AT Guadalcanal_NP1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL 7_MC *>_NULL ^ *<_NULL To_II the_AT Solomons_NP2 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT convoy_NN1 rode_VVD at_II anchor_NN1 for_IF four_MC days_NNT2 in_II the_AT harbour_NN1 of_IO Vila_NP1 ,_, off_II the_AT island_NN1 of_IO Efate_NP1 in_II the_AT New_NP Hebrides_NP1 Group_NNJ ,_, during_II which_DDQ we_PPIS2 carried_VVD out_RP three_MC practice_NN1 landings_NN2 on_II Mele_NP1 beach_NN1 ,_, for_IF the_AT final_JJ one_PN1 remaining_VVG ashore_RL overnight_RT ._. ^ ^_NULL Stores_NN2 and_CC ammunition_NN1 were_VBDR brought_VVN ashore_RL to_TO give_VVI the_AT ship_NN1 and_CC beach_NN1 unloading_VVG parties_NN2 experience_VV0 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ quite_RR a_AT1 sight_NN1 *-_- a_AT1 wave_NN1 of_IO landing_VVG barges_NN2 ,_, line_NN1 abreast_JJ ,_, heading_VVG for_IF a_AT1 beach_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT drill_NN1 was_VBDZ to_TO load_VVI the_AT barges_NN2 with_IW troops_NN2 and_CC then_RT circle_NN1 until_CS the_AT decision_NN1 was_VBDZ made_VVN to_TO *'_" hit_VVI the_AT beach_NN1 **'_" ,_, usually_RR under_II cover_NN1 of_IO Naval_JJ gunfire_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Each_DD1 barge_NN1 had_VHD its_APPGE cockswain_NN1 aft_RL ,_, who_PNQS drove_VVD the_AT barge_NN1 and_CC ,_, with_IW some_DD device_NN1 activated_VVD by_II his_APPGE foot_NN1 ,_, lowered_VVD the_AT ramp_NN1 of_IO the_AT barge_NN1 once_CS it_PPH1 hit_VVD the_AT beach_NN1 ,_, and_CC a_AT1 gunner_NN1 forward_RL manning_VVG twin_JJ Brownings_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT gunner_NN1 was_VBDZ usually_RR instructed_VVN to_TO provide_VVI *'_" prophylactic_JJ **'_" fire_NN1 onto_II the_AT beach_NN1 area_NN1 as_CSA they_PPHS2 approached_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL When_RRQ elements_NN2 of_IO 8th_MD Brigade_NNJ landed_VVD on_II Mono_NP Island_NNL1 in_II the_AT Solomons_NP2 ,_, the_AT gunners_NN2 did_VDD this_DD1 not_XX only_RR during_II the_AT first_MD wave_NN1 but_CCB the_AT second_MD and_CC third_MD as_RR21 well_RR22 ,_, to_II the_AT acute_JJ discomfort_NN1 of_IO the_AT New_JJ Zealanders_NP1 digging_VVG in_RP ,_, on_II and_CC around_II the_AT beach_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL During_II our_APPGE first_MD rehearsal_NN1 at_II Vila_NP1 ,_, there_EX was_VBDZ a_AT1 wave_NN1 of_IO 12_MC barges_VVZ each_DD1 containing_VVG a_AT1 platoon_NN1 (_( approximately_RR 30_MC )_) of_IO infantry_NNJ heading_VVG for_IF the_AT shore_NN1 ,_, and_CC when_RRQ they_PPHS2 were_VBDR about_RG half_DB a_AT1 mile_NNU1 away_RL ,_, the_AT cockswain_NN1 of_IO one_MC1 of_IO the_AT barges_NN2 ,_, who_PNQS must_VM have_VHI been_VBN tapping_VVG his_APPGE foot_NN1 either_RR in_II impatience_NN1 or_CC to_II a_AT1 tune_NN1 running_VVG through_II his_APPGE head_NN1 ,_, hit_VVD the_AT ramp_NN1 release_NN1 button_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT effect_NN1 was_VBDZ dramatic_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL When_CS the_AT ramp_NN1 came_VVD down_RP at_II about_RG 10_MC or_CC 15_MC knots_NN2 ,_, it_PPH1 acted_VVD like_II a_AT1 scoop_NN1 and_CC the_AT barge_NN1 went_VVD straight_RR to_II the_AT bottom_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL One_MC1 moment_NN1 the_AT barge_NN1 was_VBDZ there_RL in_II line_NN1 and_CC the_AT next_MD it_PPH1 had_VHD disappeared_VVN ,_, leaving_VVG a_AT1 gap_NN1 like_II a_AT1 lost_JJ tooth_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Fortunately_RR there_EX was_VBDZ sufficient_JJ air_NN1 trapped_VVD in_II packs_NN2 ,_, equipment_NN1 and_CC clothing_NN1 for_IF everyone_PN1 to_TO bob_VVI to_II the_AT surface_NN1 in_II31 spite_II32 of_II33 their_APPGE loads_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT only_JJ damage_NN1 ,_, apart_II21 from_II22 shattered_JJ nerves_NN2 ,_, was_VBDZ to_II some_DD weapons_NN2 ,_, equipment_NN1 and_CC ,_, of_RR21 course_RR22 ,_, the_AT barge_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ was_VBDZ left_VVN there_RL ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT cockswain_NN1 ,_, who_PNQS was_VBDZ in_II danger_NN1 of_IO becoming_VVG a_AT1 casualty_NN1 ,_, could_VM n't_XX be_VBI found_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL After_II that_DD1 ,_, we_PPIS2 instituted_VVD a_AT1 drill_NN1 for_IF barge_NN1 work_NN1 :_: one_MC1 chap_NN1 was_VBDZ detailed_VVN to_TO watch_VVI the_AT cockswain_NN1 's_VHZ feet_NN2 and_CC another_DD1 to_TO watch_VVI the_AT gunner_NN1 's_VHZ hands_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT convoy_NN1 was_VBDZ attacked_VVN during_II our_APPGE three-day_JJ voyage_NN1 to_II Guadalcanal_NP1 in_II stifling_VVG blacked-out_JJ conditions_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Two_MC days_NNT2 out_II21 of_II22 Vila_NP1 a_AT1 Japanese_JJ submarine_NN1 ,_, afterwards_RT sunk_VVN by_II escorting_VVG destroyers_NN2 ,_, fired_VVD three_MC torpedoes_NN2 ,_, but_CCB fortunately_RR they_PPHS2 passed_VVD harmlessly_RR through_II the_AT convoy_NN1 ,_, missing_VVG one_MC1 transport_NN1 by_II 200_MC yards_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL On_II 27_MC August_NPM1 the_AT *1_NULL President_NNB Adams_NP1 *0_NULL dropped_VVD anchor_NN1 off_II Point_NN1 Cruz_NP1 ,_, Guadalcanal_NP1 ,_, the_AT largest_JJT island_NN1 of_IO the_AT Solomon_NP1 Group_NNJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Although_CS fighting_VVG had_VHD ceased_VVN on_II the_AT island_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 was_VBDZ still_RR receiving_VVG treatment_NN1 from_II the_AT air_NN1 ,_, so_CS the_AT priority_NN1 was_VBDZ to_TO get_VVI everybody_PN1 and_CC everything_PN1 off_RP with_IW speed_NN1 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 195+TEXT+G08_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL From_II 1979_MC to_II 1981_MC ,_, I_PPIS1 ran_VVD for_IF the_AT Technical_JJ Running_JJ Club_NNJ and_CC trained_VVN with_IW the_AT Olympic_JJ coach_NN1 ,_, Vlademars_NP1 Brieds_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT summer_NNT1 I_PPIS1 ran_VVD short_JJ distance_NN1 races_NN2 on_II the_AT track_NN1 to_TO improve_VVI my_APPGE speed_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 big_JJ change_NN1 from_II marathons_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT training_NN1 programme_NN1 was_VBDZ a_RR21 lot_RR22 tougher_JJR ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL At_II the_AT beginning_NN1 of_IO 1981_MC ,_, I_PPIS1 decided_VVD to_TO give_VVI up_RP running_VVG ._. ^ ^_NULL My_APPGE shoes_NN2 have_VH0 lain_VVN idle_JJ from_II that_DD1 time_NNT1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II my_APPGE career_NN1 as_II a_AT1 runner_NN1 I_PPIS1 had_VHD completed_VVN eight_MC marathons_NN2 ,_, 76_MC miles_NNU2 for_IF the_AT *'_" Deep_JJ Freeze_NN1 Telethon_NN1 **'_" (_( setting_VVG a_AT1 New_NP Zealand_NP1 record_NN1 for_IF my_APPGE age_NN1 )_) and_CC run_VVN very_RG fast_JJ marathon_NN1 times_NNT2 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 had_VHD also_RR run_VVN in_II many_DA2 road_NN1 races_NN2 ,_, cross_JJ country_NN1 and_CC track_NN1 events_NN2 ,_, and_CC I_PPIS1 had_VHD performed_VVN well_RR in_II them_PPHO2 all_DB ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX were_VBDR many_DA2 reasons_NN2 for_IF my_APPGE giving_VVG up_RP running_VVG at_II that_DD1 stage_NN1 ,_, the_AT most_RGT important_JJ one_PN1 being_VBG the_AT need_NN1 to_TO have_VHI as_RG much_DA1 time_NNT1 as_CSA possible_JJ to_TO learn_VVI to_TO read_VVI and_CC write_VVI like_II everybody_PN1 else_RR my_APPGE age_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *5_NULL Seeking_VVG Help_NN1 as_II an_AT1 Adult_JJ Learner_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL I_PPIS1 left_VVD school_NN1 not_XX able_JJ to_TO read_VVI and_CC write_VVI very_RG much_DA1 by_II myself_PPX1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 had_VHD spent_VVN most_DAT of_IO my_APPGE schooling_NN1 in_II special_JJ classes_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II that_DD1 time_NNT1 I_PPIS1 learnt_VVD very_RG little_DA1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Late_RR in_II 1979_MC ,_, I_PPIS1 started_VVD to_TO realise_VVI ,_, how_RRQ important_JJ it_PPH1 was_VBDZ to_TO have_VHI a_AT1 good_JJ education_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ very_RG lucky_JJ to_TO have_VHI a_AT1 full-time_JJ job_NN1 at_II the_AT Botanic_JJ Gardens_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 had_VHD not_XX been_VBN unemployed_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 did_VDD not_XX wake_VVI up_RP each_DD1 morning_NNT1 as_CSA others_NN2 did_VDD ,_, wondering_VVG what_DDQ the_AT day_NNT1 would_VM bring_VVI in_II the_AT way_NN1 of_IO jobs_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL To_TO begin_VVI with_IW I_MC1 found_VVD settling_VVG into_II employment_NN1 quite_RG difficult_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB I_PPIS1 knew_VVD that_CST if_CS I_PPIS1 threw_VVD it_PPH1 in_RP ,_, I_PPIS1 would_VM find_VVI it_PPH1 very_RG hard_RR to_TO find_VVI another_DD1 job_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 would_VM have_VHI been_VBN beyond_II me_PPIO1 to_TO have_VHI had_VHN to_TO fill_VVI in_II a_AT1 job_NN1 application_NN1 form_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 just_RR could_VM n't_XX manage_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT only_JJ thing_NN1 I_PPIS1 could_VM write_VVI about_II myself_PPX1 ,_, was_VBDZ that_CST I_PPIS1 had_VHD had_VHN two_MC years_NNT2 secondary_JJ education_NN1 in_II a_AT1 special_JJ class_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Employers_NN2 would_VM not_XX be_VBI impressed_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT application_NN1 would_VM get_VVI pushed_VVN aside_RL ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL That_DD1 was_VBDZ why_RRQ it_PPH1 was_VBDZ becoming_VVG more_RRR and_CC more_RGR important_JJ for_IF me_PPIO1 to_TO improve_VVI my_APPGE reading_NN1 and_CC writing_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ so_RG frustrating_JJ ,_, not_XX being_VBG able_JK to_TO read_VVI something_PN1 properly_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL At_II times_NNT2 I_PPIS1 felt_VVD like_II screaming_VVG to_TO release_VVI the_AT anger_NN1 within_RL ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 had_VHD lived_VVN through_II many_DA2 bad_JJ experiences_NN2 ;_; the_AT times_NNT2 I_PPIS1 had_VHD to_TO not_XX let_VVN on_II21 to_II22 others_NN2 that_CST I_PPIS1 had_VHD a_AT1 problem_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 kept_VVD to_II myself_PPX1 and_CC I_PPIS1 kept_VVD my_APPGE secret_NN1 to_II myself_PPX1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ determined_VVN to_TO get_VVI some_DD help_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL One_MC1 morning_NNT1 Mum_NN1 was_VBDZ at_II home_NN1 listening_VVG to_II the_AT radio_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 particular_JJ morning_NNT1 ,_, there_EX was_VBDZ a_AT1 programme_NN1 about_II International_JJ Literacy_NN1 day_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ 1980_MC ,_, the_AT same_DA year_NNT1 I_PPIS1 had_VHD started_VVN work_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL When_CS I_PPIS1 got_VVD home_RL from_II work_NN1 that_DD1 night_NNT1 ,_, Mum_NN1 told_VVD me_PPIO1 all_DB that_CST she_PPHS1 had_VHD heard_VVN that_DD1 morning_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 seemed_VVD that_CST the_AT co-ordinator_NN1 of_IO the_AT local_JJ adult_NN1 reading_NN1 programme_NN1 had_VHD been_VBN interviewed_VVN on_II 3ZB_FO and_CC she_PPHS1 had_VHD talked_VVN about_II the_AT Christchurch_NP1 programme_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Basically_RR ,_, it_PPH1 helped_VVD individual_JJ students_NN2 who_PNQS had_VHD problems_NN2 coping_VVG with_IW their_APPGE everyday_JJ reading_NN1 and_CC writing_NN1 ,_, by_II matching_VVG them_PPHO2 to_II their_APPGE own_DA tutor_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Together_RL ,_, student_NN1 and_CC tutor_NN1 worked_VVN on_II the_AT difficulties_NN2 that_DD1 student_NN1 had_VHD ._. ^ ^_NULL Such_DA difficulties_NN2 as_CSA getting_VVG a_AT1 driver_NN1 's_VBZ licence_NN1 ,_, filling_VVG in_II bank_NN1 deposit_NN1 and_CC withdrawal_NN1 forms_NN2 ,_, spelling_VVG ,_, writing_VVG letters_NN2 ,_, were_VBDR some_DD of_IO the_AT reasons_NN2 students_NN2 gave_VVD for_IF seeking_VVG help_NN1 from_II the_AT programme_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 sounded_VVD just_RR what_DDQ I_PPIS1 had_VHD been_VBN looking_VVG for_IF ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 decided_VVD to_TO phone_VVI the_AT radio_NN1 station_NN1 to_TO find_VVI out_RP how_RRQ to_TO contact_VVI the_AT reading_NN1 programme_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ given_VVN a_AT1 phone_NN1 number_NN1 to_TO ring_VVI and_CC from_II that_DD1 conversation_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ told_VVN that_CST a_AT1 person_NN1 called_VVN Shona_NP1 would_VM contact_VVI me_PPIO1 and_CC probably_RR come_VVI and_CC interview_VV0 me_PPIO1 at_II home_NN1 to_TO find_VVI out_RP what_DDQ sort_NN1 of_IO assistance_NN1 I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ seeking_VVG and_CC how_RGQ best_RRT the_AT programme_NN1 could_VM help_VVI ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II a_DD221 few_DD222 days_NNT2 ,_, Shona_NP1 phoned_VVD and_CC arranged_VVD to_TO come_VVI and_CC see_VVI me_PPIO1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ very_RG excited_JJ the_AT night_NNT1 Shona_NP1 called_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 explained_VVD how_RRQ the_AT programme_NN1 helped_VVD people_NN like_II myself_PPX1 ;_; that_CST there_EX were_VBDR many_DA2 students_NN2 needing_VVG help_NN1 ;_; I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ not_XX the_AT only_JJ one_PN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Students_NN2 worked_VVD out_RP what_DDQ sort_NN1 of_IO things_NN2 they_PPHS2 were_VBDR aiming_VVG for_IF ,_, what_DDQ goals_NN2 ,_, and_CC then_RT with_IW hard_JJ work_NN1 ,_, these_DD2 goals_NN2 could_VM be_VBI achieved_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 sounded_VVD much_RR better_RRR than_CSN the_AT school_NN1 system_NN1 to_II me_PPIO1 and_CC far_RG more_RGR interesting_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 meant_VVD that_CST the_AT student_NN1 and_CC tutor_NN1 would_VM have_VHI to_TO get_VVI on_RP well_RR together_RL and_CC that_CST they_PPHS2 would_VM be_VBI carefully_RR matched_VVN according_II21 to_II22 the_AT needs_NN2 and_CC abilities_NN2 of_IO the_AT student_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL As_CSA Shona_NP1 talked_VVD I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ overcome_JJ with_IW excitement_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 calmed_VVD me_PPIO1 down_RP and_CC I_PPIS1 talked_VVD about_II my_APPGE background_NN1 ,_, my_APPGE problems_NN2 and_CC difficulties_NN2 I_PPIS1 had_VHD been_VBN having_VHG ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB most_RGT important_JJ ,_, what_DDQ I_PPIS1 wanted_VVD to_TO do_VDI in_II the_AT future_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ aiming_VVG then_RT to_TO do_VDI Horticulture_NN1 assignments_NN2 by_II correspondence_NN1 and_CC hopefully_RR sit_VV0 a_AT1 test_NN1 paper_NN1 at_II the_AT end_NN1 of_IO the_AT year_NNT1 's_GE work_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 needed_VVD also_RR to_TO pass_VVI my_APPGE driver_NN1 's_VBZ licence_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 meant_VVD reading_VVG and_CC understanding_VVG the_AT road_NN1 code_NN1 and_CC passing_VVG the_AT theory_NN1 test_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Shona_NP1 commented_VVD ,_, *'_" ^_NULL You_PPY 'll_VM have_VHI a_AT1 lot_NN of_IO hard_JJ work_NN1 ahead_RL ._. ^ **'_" ^_NULL I_PPIS1 agreed_VVD and_CC said_VVD ,_, *'_" ^_NULL This_DD1 will_VM be_VBI a_AT1 real_JJ challenge_NN1 for_IF me_PPIO1 ._. ^ **'_" ^_NULL I_PPIS1 began_VVD working_VVG with_IW my_APPGE first_MD tutor_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL After_II six_MC months_NNT2 ,_, I_PPIS1 went_VVD along_RP to_II some_DD of_IO the_AT winter_NNT1 seminar_NN1 sessions_NNT2 ,_, and_CC met_VVD other_JJ students_NN2 at_II a_AT1 student_NN1 support_NN1 meeting_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 began_VVD to_TO realise_VVI there_RL were_VBDR many_DA2 others_NN2 with_IW literacy_NN1 problems_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX were_VBDR students_NN2 aged_VVN from_II 16_MC to_II 60_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 must_VM have_VHI been_VBN hard_JJ for_IF the_AT older_JJR ones_NN2 to_TO have_VHI to_TO seek_VVI help_NN1 so_RG late_RR in_II life_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 am_VBM so_RG glad_JJ I_PPIS1 started_VVD getting_VVG help_NN1 when_RRQ I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ only_RR 16_MC 1/2_MF ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ still_RR very_RG keen_JJ to_TO learn_VVI and_CC get_VVI on_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL Getting_VVG help_NN1 at_RR21 last_RR22 ,_, was_VBDZ like_II being_VBG given_VVN a_AT1 second_MD chance_NN1 to_TO make_VVI something_PN1 of_IO my_APPGE life_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL As_II a_AT1 person_NN1 who_PNQS had_VHD been_VBN unable_JJ to_TO read_VVI and_CC write_VVI ,_, and_CC was_VBDZ now_RT getting_VVG help_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 felt_VVD like_II a_AT1 tree_NN1 that_CST had_VHD been_VBN dormant_JJ in_II the_AT winter_NNT1 months_NNT2 but_CCB now_RT spring_NN1 had_VHD come_VVN ..._... there_EX was_VBDZ a_AT1 new_JJ lease_NN1 of_IO life_NN1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL *<_NULL *5_NULL My_APPGE First_MD Tutor_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL In_II the_AT late_JJ summer_NNT1 of_IO 1980_MC ,_, I_PPIS1 received_VVD a_AT1 long_JJ awaited_JJ phone_NN1 call_NN1 from_II the_AT co-ordinator_NN1 of_IO the_AT reading_NN1 programme_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 had_VHD been_VBN expecting_VVG the_AT call_NN1 so_CS was_VBDZ delighted_JJ to_TO hear_VVI from_II her_PPHO1 ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 gave_VVD me_PPIO1 the_AT details_NN2 of_IO the_AT tutor_NN1 she_PPHS1 had_VHD matched_VVN to_II me_PPIO1 in_II my_APPGE area_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ so_RG pleased_JJ to_TO hear_VVI the_AT good_JJ news_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 rushed_VVD to_TO tell_VVI Mum_NN1 as_CS31 soon_CS32 as_CS33 I_PPIS1 got_VVD off_II the_AT phone_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT tutor_NN1 's_VBZ name_NN1 was_VBDZ Pat_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 mother_NN1 of_IO five_MC children_NN2 and_CC from_II the_AT very_RG first_MD meeting_NN1 ,_, she_PPHS1 treated_VVD me_PPIO1 like_II one_MC1 of_IO her_APPGE own_DA ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 got_VVD on_RP well_RR together_RL and_CC built_VVD a_AT1 great_JJ relationship_NN1 ,_, working_VVG together_RL on_II different_JJ goals_NN2 for_IF almost_RR 2_MC 1/2_MF years_NNT2 ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 lived_VVD not_XX far_RR from_II me_PPIO1 and_CC from_II the_AT start_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 went_VVD to_II her_PPHO1 home_RL once_RR a_AT1 week_NNT1 for_IF my_APPGE lessons_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 felt_VVD great_JJ having_VHG someone_PN1 to_TO help_VVI me_PPIO1 improve_VVI my_APPGE reading_NN1 and_CC writing_VVG again_RT ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Pat_NP1 was_VBDZ very_RG understanding_JJ and_CC listened_VVD to_II me_PPIO1 talk_NN1 a_AT1 great_JJ deal_NN1 of_IO the_AT problems_NN2 I_PPIS1 had_VHD had_VHN in_II the_AT past_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 felt_VVD better_RRR being_VBG able_JK to_TO talk_VVI things_NN2 out_RP with_IW her_PPHO1 ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 just_RR used_VMK to_TO listen_VVI ..._... and_CC let_VVD me_PPIO1 talk_NN1 on_RP ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Our_APPGE first_MD lesson_NN1 was_VBDZ in_II the_AT autumn_NNT1 of_IO 1980_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL Nearly_RR all_DB our_APPGE lessons_NN2 were_VBDR in_II Pat_NP1 's_GE kitchen_NN1 ,_, working_VVG at_II the_AT table_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL To_TO begin_VVI with_IW ,_, the_AT sessions_NNT2 were_VBDR just_RR one_MC1 hour_NNT1 ,_, but_CCB this_DD1 gradually_RR increased_VVN to_II two_MC hours_NNT2 ,_, we_PPIS2 had_VHD so_RG much_RR work_VV0 to_TO do_VDI each_DD1 week_NNT1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 found_VVD it_PPH1 difficult_JJ getting_VVG started_VVN all_RR over_II again_RT ,_, particularly_RR when_RRQ Pat_NP1 asked_VVD me_PPIO1 to_TO read_VVI something_PN1 out_RP loud_RR when_CS some_DD member_NN1 of_IO her_APPGE family_NN came_VVD in_RP to_II the_AT kitchen_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ very_RG embarrassed_JJ at_RR21 first_RR22 ,_, because_CS all_DB her_APPGE family_NN were_VBDR much_RR older_JJR than_CSN me_PPIO1 and_CC better_RRR educated_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB gradually_RR ,_, I_PPIS1 got_VVD more_RRR and_CC more_DAR confidence_NN1 ,_, and_CC her_APPGE kids_NN2 always_RR treated_VVD me_PPIO1 just_RR like_II everyone_PN1 else_RR in_II the_AT family_NN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Big_JJ words_NN2 were_VBDR still_RR too_RG big_JJ and_CC difficult_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 could_VM n't_XX say_VVI them_PPHO2 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 did_VDD n't_XX know_VVI them_PPHO2 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 used_VMK to_TO write_VVI them_PPHO2 out_RP on_II a_AT1 piece_NN1 of_IO cardboard_NN1 from_II Weetbix_NP1 packets_NN2 ,_, breaking_VVG them_PPHO2 into_II syllables_NN2 as_CSA they_PPHS2 were_VBDR written_VVN down_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL When_CS I_PPIS1 tried_VVD to_TO read_VVI them_PPHO2 by_II myself_PPX1 ,_, there_EX were_VBDR too_RG many_DA2 big_JJ and_CC difficult_JJ words_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 would_VM give_VVI up_RP ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Together_II21 with_II22 my_APPGE tutor_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 gradually_RR learned_VVD how_RRQ and_CC where_RRQ to_TO break_VVI them_PPHO2 into_II syllables_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 learned_VVD how_RRQ to_TO use_VVI a_AT1 dictionary_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL For_IF the_AT first_MD time_NNT1 in_II my_APPGE life_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ finding_VVG out_RP the_AT meanings_NN2 of_IO many_DA2 new_JJ words_NN2 ,_, words_NN2 I_PPIS1 'd_VM never_RR seen_VVN before_CS ,_, words_NN2 I_PPIS1 'd_VM never_RR used_VVN before_CS in_II speech_NN1 or_CC reading_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT more_RRR I_PPIS1 read_VVD ,_, the_AT greater_JJR grew_VVD the_AT number_NN1 of_IO words_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 also_RR found_VVD out_RP that_CST I_PPIS1 did_VDD n't_XX know_VVI my_APPGE alphabet_NN1 too_RG well_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL Something_PN1 else_RR to_TO learn_VVI ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT cards_NN2 with_IW the_AT new_JJ words_NN2 written_VVN on_RP I_PPIS1 used_VMK to_TO take_VVI home_RL each_DD1 week_NNT1 and_CC learn_VVI and_CC practise_VV0 saying_VVG them_PPHO2 ,_, over_RP and_CC over_RP again_RT ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Sometimes_RT the_AT cards_NN2 were_VBDR part_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 jigsaw_NN1 puzzle_NN1 ,_, the_AT fitted_JJ together_RL to_TO make_VVI sentences_NN2 and_CC then_RT stories_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 learned_VVD new_JJ words_NN2 fast_RR and_CC enjoyed_VVD the_AT learning_NN1 of_IO them_PPHO2 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 came_VVD to_TO know_VVI Pat_NP1 well_RR in_II that_DD1 time_NNT1 together_RL ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 remember_VV0 that_CST in_II the_AT following_JJ spring_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 went_VVD together_RL to_II the_AT City_NP1 Library_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ the_AT old_JJ library_NN1 in_II Cambridge_NP Terrace_NNL1 and_CC it_PPH1 was_VBDZ my_APPGE first_MD visit_NN1 ever_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL After_CS a_AT1 good_JJ look_NN1 around_II all_DB the_AT various_JJ departments_NNJ2 ,_, we_PPIS2 went_VVD to_II the_AT Information_NN1 desk_NN1 and_CC Pat_NP1 helped_VVD me_PPIO1 fill_VVI in_II an_AT1 enrolment_NN1 form_VV0 to_TO become_VVI a_AT1 member_NN1 of_IO the_AT library_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 got_VVD out_RP a_AT1 lot_NN of_IO children_NN2 's_GE books_NN2 that_DD1 first_MD time_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 soon_RR started_VVD to_TO read_VVI and_CC enjoy_VVI them_PPHO2 all_DB on_II my_APPGE own_DA ._. ^ ^_NULL After_CS about_RG a_AT1 year_NNT1 ,_, my_APPGE reading_NN1 had_VHD improved_VVN so_RG much_DA1 that_CST I_PPIS1 decided_VVD it_PPH1 was_VBDZ time_NNT1 to_TO set_VVI a_AT1 new_JJ goal_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 wanted_VVD to_TO get_VVI my_APPGE driver_NN1 's_VBZ licence_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 knew_VVD it_PPH1 was_VBDZ going_VVGK to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 tough_JJ job_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 went_VVD to_II the_AT office_NN1 of_IO the_AT reading_NN1 programme_NN1 in_II town_NN1 and_CC borrowed_VVD a_AT1 copy_NN1 of_IO the_AT simplified_JJ version_NN1 of_IO the_AT road_NN1 code_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Then_RT Pat_NP1 and_CC I_PPIS1 set_VV0 to_TO work_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 went_VVD through_II that_DD1 book_NN1 over_RP and_CC over_RP again_RT until_CS I_PPIS1 knew_VVD and_CC understood_VVD everything_PN1 in_II the_AT book_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Learning_VVG every_AT1 part_NN1 of_IO the_AT code_NN1 took_VVD time_NNT1 and_CC effort_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Then_RT we_PPIS2 started_VVD on_II the_AT ordinary_JJ code_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 much_RR more_RGR difficult_JJ reading_NN1 task_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 had_VHD to_TO know_VVI that_DD1 code_NN1 ,_, because_CS it_PPH1 was_VBDZ from_II that_DD1 version_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 would_VM be_VBI asked_VVN all_DB the_AT questions_NN2 on_II the_AT written_JJ part_NN1 of_IO the_AT test_NN1 as_CC31 well_CC32 as_CC33 the_AT oral_JJ section_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 took_VVD another_DD1 six_MC months_NNT2 of_IO hard_JJ and_CC determined_JJ work_NN1 before_CS I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ ready_JJ for_IF the_AT test_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL My_APPGE time_NNT1 came_VVD round_RP and_CC I_PPIS1 sat_VVD in_II the_AT examination_NN1 room_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 whole_JJ lot_NN of_IO others_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL My_APPGE first_MD paper_NN1 was_VBDZ the_AT written_JJ test_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 had_VHD to_TO read_VVI the_AT questions_NN2 on_II my_APPGE own_DA and_CC choose_VV0 the_AT correct_JJ answer_NN1 for_IF each_DD1 of_IO the_AT 25_MC questions_NN2 from_II the_AT answers_NN2 provided_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 could_VM n't_XX make_VVI too_RG many_DA2 errors_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 had_VHD to_TO understand_VVI what_DDQ the_AT question_NN1 was_VBDZ all_DB about_II in_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO provide_VVI the_AT correct_JJ answer_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Next_MD came_VVD the_AT oral_JJ part_NN1 of_IO the_AT test_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 had_VHD to_TO answer_VVI six_MC questions_NN2 and_CC get_VVI five_MC correct_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT first_MD test_NN1 in_II my_APPGE life_NN1 and_CC I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 nervous_JJ wreck_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 *2_NULL PASSED_VVD ..._... ^ *0_NULL all_DB of_IO it_PPH1 ,_, the_AT whole_JJ test_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Imagine_VV0 my_APPGE relief_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 could_VM n't_XX wait_VVI to_TO get_VVI home_RL to_TO tell_VVI my_APPGE family_NN and_CC Pat_NP1 my_APPGE tutor_NN1 ,_, the_AT great_JJ news_NN1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL *<_NULL *5_NULL My_APPGE First_MD Letter_NN1 Writing_VVG Session_NNT1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL By_RT21 now_RT22 I_PPIS1 had_VHD achieved_VVN many_DA2 other_JJ things_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 had_VHD been_VBN working_VVG for_IF a_AT1 year_NNT1 at_II the_AT Botanic_JJ Gardens_NN2 and_CC I_PPIS1 knew_VVD then_RT that_CST my_APPGE ambition_NN1 was_VBDZ to_TO get_VVI an_AT1 apprenticeship_NN1 in_II Horticulture_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 decided_VVD to_TO do_VDI a_AT1 correspondence_NN1 course_NN1 in_II 4th_MD Form_NN1 Horticulture_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL With_IW my_APPGE tutor_NN1 's_VBZ help_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 wrote_VVD my_APPGE first_MD letter_NN1 applying_VVG to_TO do_VDI the_AT course_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL To_TO begin_VVI with_IW I_MC1 had_VHD made_VVN so_RG many_DA2 mistakes_NN2 on_II my_APPGE own_DA that_CST I_PPIS1 needed_VVD to_TO have_VHI Pat_NP1 's_GE help_NN1 for_IF the_AT final_JJ result_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 knew_VVD this_DD1 would_VM not_XX be_VBI my_APPGE last_MD letter_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II31 response_II32 to_II33 my_APPGE letter_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 received_VVD the_AT assignments_NN2 in_II the_AT mail_NN1 from_II Wellington_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX were_VBDR 15_MC of_IO them_PPHO2 to_TO complete_VVI ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 had_VHD also_RR to_TO keep_VVI a_AT1 diary_NN1 of_IO all_DB the_AT practical_JJ work_NN1 I_PPIS1 did_VDD at_II home_NN1 and_CC at_II work_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 had_VHD to_TO be_VBI written_VVN up_RP each_DD1 week_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL One_MC1 of_IO the_AT things_NN2 I_PPIS1 had_VHD to_TO do_VDI was_VBDZ design_NN1 a_AT1 formal_JJ bed_NN1 for_IF polyanthus_NN1 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 196+TEXT+G09_FO **]_NULL ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL When_CS he_PPHS1 retired_VVD from_II the_AT post_NN1 in_II 1952_MC he_PPHS1 had_VHD served_VVN \_NULL St_NP Andrew_NP1 's_GE for_IF 34_MC years_NNT2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Before_II that_DD1 he_PPHS1 had_VHD served_VVN in_II Invercargill_NP1 and_CC Dunedin_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ another_DD1 of_IO the_AT church_NN1 's_VHZ characters_NN2 ,_, who_PNQS had_VHD been_VBN a_AT1 very_RG brilliant_JJ organist_NN1 in_II his_APPGE day_NNT1 ,_, indeed_RR still_RR was_VBDZ ,_, though_CS more_DAR slapdash_NN1 towards_II the_AT end_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ also_RR irascible_JJ and_CC difficult_JJ and_CC had_VHD to_TO be_VBI handled_VVN delicately_RR like_II the_AT best_JJT china_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL His_APPGE wife_NN1 ,_, who_PNQS was_VBDZ a_AT1 member_NN1 of_IO the_AT choir_NN1 ,_, both_DB2 argued_VVD with_IW him_PPHO1 and_CC smoothed_VVD out_RP the_AT problems_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 sat_VVD behind_II the_AT pulpit_NN1 in_II the_AT old_JJ interior_NN1 consuming_VVG ,_, during_II sermon_NN1 time_NNT1 ,_, both_DB2 paper_VV0 back_RP novels_NN2 and_CC peanuts_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL When_CS the_AT organ_NN1 was_VBDZ sold_VVN and_CC shifted_VVN ,_, beneath_II the_AT foot_NN1 pedals_VVZ a_AT1 sea_NN1 of_IO peanut_NN1 shells_NN2 was_VBDZ found_VVN ,_, dropped_VVD there_RL over_II the_AT years_NNT2 by_II Frank_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT choir_NN1 was_VBDZ active_JJ and_CC strong_JJ during_II his_APPGE time_NNT1 ,_, composed_VVD as_CSA it_PPH1 was_VBDZ of_IO some_DD of_IO the_AT stalwarts_NN2 in_II the_AT congregation_NN ,_, including_II members_NN2 of_IO the_AT Thomson_NP1 family_NN who_PNQS had_VHD been_VBN in_II the_AT choir_NN1 most_DAT of_IO their_APPGE lives_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL \_NULL Mrs_NNB Armour_NP1 Thomson_NP1 had_VHD been_VBN 75_MC years_NNT2 in_II the_AT choir_NN1 when_RRQ she_PPHS1 finally_RR retired_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL James_NP1 Harper_NP1 and_CC the_AT McKay_NP1 brothers_NN2 ,_, his_APPGE nephews_NN2 ,_, were_VBDR stalwarts_NN2 of_IO those_DD2 days_NNT2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Frank_NP1 Thomas_NP1 was_VBDZ succeeded_VVN by_II Alan_NP1 Hewson_NP1 ,_, Neville_NP1 Dench_NP1 and_CC others_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 Frank_NP1 Godman_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Then_RT in_II mid-1954_JJ Peter_NP1 Averi_NP1 was_VBDZ appointed_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL Peter_NP1 Averi_NP1 is_VBZ a_AT1 talented_JJ musician_NN1 who_PNQS gave_VVD the_AT choir_NN1 a_AT1 high_JJ profile_NN1 as_CSA we_PPIS2 say_VV0 today_RT ._. ^ ^_NULL His_APPGE recordings_NN2 of_IO hymns_NN2 and_CC major_JJ works_NN ,_, such_II21 as_II22 Stainer_NP1 's_GE *1_NULL Crucifixion_NN1 ,_, *0_NULL demonstrated_VVD the_AT quality_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE work_NN1 and_CC the_AT support_NN1 he_PPHS1 gave_VVD the_AT congregation_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL During_II his_APPGE time_NNT1 the_AT choir_NN1 was_VBDZ robed_VVN and_CC the_AT old_JJ 1928_MC Hill_NP1 and_CC Beard_NN1 organ_NN1 ,_, originally_RR from_II Christchurch_NP1 Cathedral_NNL1 ,_, was_VBDZ sold_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ bought_VVN by_II the_AT Morrinsville_NP1 Methodist_NN1 Church_NNJ where_RRQ I_PPIS1 presume_VV0 it_PPH1 still_JJ functions_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT new_JJ organ_NN1 was_VBDZ built_VVN and_CC installed_VVN by_II Crofts_NP1 '_GE highly_RR competent_JJ organ_NN1 builder_NN1 ,_, George_NP1 Sanders_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX are_VBR some_DD other_JJ features_NN2 of_IO my_APPGE ministry_NN1 of_IO \_NULL St_NP Andrew_NP1 's_GE which_DDQ should_VM be_VBI recorded_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL One_PN1 was_VBDZ the_AT development_NN1 over_II the_AT period_NN1 from_II 1949_MC to_II 1962_MC ,_, of_IO assistantships_NN2 in_II the_AT parish_NN1 ,_, first_MD on_II a_AT1 part-time_JJ basis_NN1 and_CC ,_, later_JJR full-time_JJ ,_, as_CSA the_AT work_NN1 and_CC the_AT congregation_NN grew_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL To_TO begin_VVI with_IW ,_, the_AT arrangement_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 part-time_JJ assistant_NN1 was_VBDZ intended_VVN to_TO give_VVI some_DD help_NN1 to_II the_AT Student_NN1 Christian_JJ Movement_NNJ whose_DDQGE general_JJ secretaries_NN2 ,_, in_II two_MC cases_NN2 ,_, were_VBDR appointed_JJ assistants_NN2 at_II \_NULL St_NP Andrew_NP1 's_GE ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 gave_VVD them_PPHO2 a_AT1 base_NN1 in_II the_AT church_NN1 structure_NN1 and_CC ,_, in_RR21 addition_RR22 ,_, some_DD small_JJ help_NN1 with_IW finance_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 also_RR gave_VVD \_NULL St_NP Andrew_NP1 's_GE a_AT1 new_JJ and_CC broader_JJR outlook_NN1 on_II the_AT work_NN1 of_IO the_AT church_NN1 in_II the_AT universities_NN2 and_CC strengthened_VVD both_DB2 our_APPGE preaching_NN1 and_CC our_APPGE worship_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT first_MD to_TO be_VBI appointed_VVN was_VBDZ Norman_NP1 Gilkison_NP1 ,_, now_RT a_AT1 retired_JJ moderator_NN1 ;_; the_AT second_NNT1 was_VBDZ Peter_NP1 McKenzie_NP1 ,_, now_RT Lecturer_NP1 in_II Religious_JJ Studies_NN2 at_II Leicester_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Norman_NP1 was_VBDZ one_MC1 of_IO a_AT1 select_JJ band_NN1 who_PNQS boarded_VVD at_II the_AT manse_NN1 in_II my_APPGE days_NNT2 as_II a_AT1 bachelor_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 included_VVD Leighton_NP1 Dixon_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS was_VBDZ then_RT in_II broadcasting_NN1 and_CC later_RRR became_VVD an_AT1 expert_JJ antique_JJ dealer_NN1 ;_; Denzil_NP1 Brown_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS was_VBDZ finishing_VVG his_APPGE course_NN1 at_II Victoria_NP1 University_NNL1 College_NN1 and_CC later_RRR became_VVD minister_NN1 of_IO First_MD Church_NNJ ,_, Dunedin_NP1 ,_, and_CC the_AT \_NULL St_NP Heliers_NP1 ,_, Auckland_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Denzil_NP1 did_VDD his_APPGE courting_NN1 with_IW \_NULL St_NP Andrew_NP1 's_GE manse_NN1 as_II a_AT1 base_NN1 ,_, and_CC his_APPGE antics_NN2 as_II a_AT1 lodger_NN1 were_VBDR predictably_RR unpredictable_JJ ;_; Bill_NP1 Gardiner_NP1 Scott_NP1 who_PNQS was_VBDZ chaplain_NN1 to_II the_AT {_NULL S.C.M_NP ._. ^ }_NULL at_II Victoria_NP1 ,_, in_II succession_NN1 to_II the_AT late_JJ {_NULL M.G._NP1 }_NULL Sullivan_NP1 ,_, sometime_JJ Dean_NN1 of_IO \_NULL St_NP Paul_NP1 's_GE ,_, London_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL All_DB of_IO us_PPIO2 were_VBDR looked_VVN after_II by_II \_NULL Mrs_NNB Carrie_NP1 Christon_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 competent_JJ and_CC devoted_JJ housekeeper_NN1 whose_DDQGE life_NN1 had_VHD been_VBN far_RG21 from_RG22 easy_JJ but_CCB who_PNQS had_VHD the_AT gift_NN1 of_IO discretion_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 valuable_JJ asset_NN1 in_II anyone_PN1 running_VVG a_AT1 manse_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 all_DB owed_VVD her_PPHO1 a_PN31 great_PN32 deal_PN33 for_CS I_PPIS1 am_VBM sure_JJ we_PPIS2 imposed_VVD on_II her_PPHO1 more_RRR than_CSN we_PPIS2 should_VM ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 died_VVD early_RR in_II 1983_MC ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL When_CS Peter_NP1 McKenzie_NP1 's_GE time_NNT1 was_VBDZ up_RP ,_, a_AT1 decision_NN1 was_VBDZ made_VVN to_TO appoint_VVI the_AT \_NULL Rev._NNB Warren_NP1 Schrader_NP1 ,_, as_II a_AT1 full-time_JJ assistant_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ duly_RR ordained_VVN and_CC inducted_VVN as_RG Assistant_JJ Minister_NN1 on_II 2_MC March_NPM1 1956_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL Warren_NP1 was_VBDZ originally_RR from_II Timaru_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 is_VBZ a_AT1 lively_JJ and_CC exciting_JJ person_NN1 ,_, brimful_JJ of_IO ideas_NN2 which_DDQ he_PPHS1 puts_VVZ across_RL in_II a_AT1 friendly_JJ manner_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II February_NPM1 1959_MC Warren_NP1 Schrader_NP1 was_VBDZ inducted_VVN to_II \_NULL St_NP Mark_NP1 's_GE ,_, Palmerston_NP1 North_NP1 ,_, and_CC the_AT \_NULL Rev._NNB Irvine_NP1 \_NULL O._NP1 Roxburgh_NP1 ,_, formerly_RR of_IO Wanaka_NP1 ,_, Central_NP Otago_NP1 ,_, was_VBDZ appointed_VVN to_TO succeed_VVI him_PPHO1 initially_RR on_II a_AT1 part-time_JJ basis_NN1 because_II21 of_II22 commitments_NN2 to_II the_AT Education_NN1 Department_NNJ ,_, but_CCB ,_, from_II late_RR 1959_MC ,_, as_II a_AT1 full-time_JJ assistant_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Irvine_NP1 Roxburgh_NP1 is_VBZ well_RR known_VVN in_II the_AT church_NN1 and_CC the_AT community_NNJ as_II an_AT1 historian_NN1 ,_, his_APPGE major_JJ works_NN being_VBG the_AT definitive_JJ history_NN1 of_IO Wanaka_NP1 for_IF the_AT Otago_NP1 Centennial_JJ Historical_JJ Publications_NN2 ,_, and_CC the_AT history_NN1 of_IO the_AT Jacksons_NP Bay_NNL1 settlement_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL When_CS Irvine_NP1 Roxburgh_NP1 was_VBDZ called_VVN to_II Johnsonville_NP1 in_II November_NPM1 1961_MC *-_- he_PPHS1 had_VHD acted_VVN in_II full_JJ charge_NN1 in_II my_APPGE absence_NN1 for_IF four_MC months_NNT2 in_II {_NULL U.S.A._NP }_NULL and_CC during_II my_APPGE time_NNT1 as_CSA Moderator_NP1 in_II 1960-61_MCMC *-_- the_AT congregation_NN made_VVD no_AT move_NN1 to_TO appoint_VVI a_AT1 successor_NN1 ,_, and_CC ,_, in_II fact_NN1 none_PN was_VBDZ appointed_VVN during_II the_AT last_MD two_MC years_NNT2 of_IO my_APPGE ministry_NN1 ,_, nor_CC in_II the_AT time_NNT1 of_IO my_APPGE successors_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II31 addition_II32 to_II33 the_AT assistant_JJ ministers_NN2 ,_, the_AT congregation_NN also_RR employed_VVN two_MC deaconesses_NN2 who_PNQS were_VBDR well_RR received_VVN and_CC helped_VVN considerably_RR to_TO ease_VVI the_AT work_NN1 load_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Mary_NP Coombe_NNL1 was_VBDZ appointed_VVN in_II January_NPM1 1950_MC ,_, resigning_VVG in_II December_NPM1 1951_MC when_RRQ she_PPHS1 married_VVD Norman_NP1 Prier_NP1 and_CC went_VVD to_TO live_VVI in_II Eastbourne_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 was_VBDZ succeeded_VVN by_II Margaret_NP1 Francis_NP1 who_PNQS was_VBDZ appointed_VVN in_II December_NPM1 1952_MC and_CC resigned_VVN in_II December_NPM1 1956_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT latter_DA became_VVD a_AT1 minister_NN1 later_RRR on_RP and_CC died_VVD tragically_RR in_II a_AT1 motor_NN1 accident_NN1 at_II Takaka_NP1 in_II the_AT Nelson_NP1 province_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Another_DD1 aspect_NN1 of_IO those_DD2 golden_JJ years_NNT2 was_VBDZ the_AT local_JJ stewardship_NN1 programme_NN1 ,_, part_NN1 of_IO the_AT new_JJ life_NN1 and_CC stewardship_NN1 movement_NN1 in_II the_AT church_NN1 as_II a_AT1 whole_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ inaugurated_VVN in_II 1957_MC and_CC has_VHZ been_VBN continued_VVN and_CC renewed_VVN in_II the_AT congregation_NN from_RR41 time_RR42 to_RR43 time_RR44 ever_RR since_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT *1_NULL \_NULL St_NP Andrew_NP1 's_GE Echo_NN1 *0_NULL of_IO September_NPM1 1957_MC contains_VVZ a_AT1 letter_NN1 from_II myself_PPX1 as_CSA minister_NN1 ,_, outlining_VVG the_AT reasons_NN2 for_IF holding_VVG a_AT1 stewardship_NN1 campaign_NN1 and_CC explaining_VVG some_DD of_IO the_AT questions_NN2 which_DDQ had_VHD been_VBN raised_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 also_RR contains_VVZ information_NN1 about_II the_AT structure_NN1 of_IO the_AT stewardship_NN1 programme_NN1 in_II the_AT parish_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT plans_NN2 which_DDQ were_VBDR to_TO be_VBI put_VVN into_II action_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX can_VM be_VBI no_RR21 doubt_RR22 that_DD1 stewardship_NN1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 significant_JJ and_CC rousing_JJ experience_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 at_II \_NULL St_NP Andrew_NP1 's_GE were_VBDR fortunate_JJ to_TO have_VHI a_AT1 strong_JJ committee_NNJ ,_, utterly_RR devoted_JJ to_II the_AT task_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ responsible_JJ for_IF such_DA functions_NN2 as_II the_AT Dinner_NN1 on_II 28_MC September_NPM1 1957_MC ,_, a_AT1 highly_RR successful_JJ affair_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Hugh_NP1 Duncan_NP1 was_VBDZ chairman_NN1 of_IO the_AT committee_NNJ and_CC there_EX can_VM be_VBI no_RR21 doubt_RR22 that_CST his_APPGE devoted_JJ service_NN1 was_VBDZ the_AT cornerstone_NN1 on_II which_DDQ the_AT success_NN1 of_IO stewardship_NN1 at_II \_NULL St_NP Andrew_NP1 's_GE was_VBDZ built_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Hugh_NP1 Duncan_NP1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 grand_JJ person_NN1 ,_, an_AT1 Aucklander_NP1 ,_, raised_VVN with_IW a_AT1 sound_JJ sense_NN1 of_IO Christian_JJ values_NN2 in_II \_NULL St_NP Luke_NP1 's_GE Church_NNJ ,_, Remuera_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 worked_VVD in_II the_AT insurance_NN1 profession_NN1 ,_, rising_VVG ultimately_RR to_II the_AT position_NN1 of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 Manager_NN1 of_IO the_AT Sun_NPD1 Insurance_NN1 Company_NNJ ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 man_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE word_NN1 ,_, he_PPHS1 knew_VVD how_RRQ to_TO relax_VVI and_CC he_PPHS1 knew_VVD how_RRQ to_TO work_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II all_DB the_AT activities_NN2 in_II which_DDQ he_PPHS1 engaged_VVD ,_, he_PPHS1 showed_VVD qualities_NN2 of_IO leadership_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Cricket_NN1 was_VBDZ an_AT1 enthusiasm_NN1 he_PPHS1 shared_VVD with_IW his_APPGE minister_NN1 ,_, but_CCB he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ well_JJ out_RP in_II front_NN1 both_RR as_II a_AT1 player_NN1 and_CC as_II an_AT1 administrator_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 played_VVD for_IF Otago_NP1 in_II the_AT palmy_JJ days_NNT2 of_IO George_NP1 Dickinson_NP1 and_CC Rupert_NP1 Worker_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL His_APPGE service_NN1 to_II Wellington_NP1 cricket_NN1 as_II a_AT1 selector_NN1 for_IF many_DA2 years_NNT2 was_VBDZ phenomenal_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 had_VHD a_AT1 strong_JJ chin_NN1 and_CC when_RRQ his_APPGE determination_NN1 showed_VVD ,_, you_PPY knew_VVD there_EX was_VBDZ no_AT arguing_NN1 with_IW him_PPHO1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT matter_NN1 of_IO stewardship_NN1 ,_, his_APPGE influence_NN1 was_VBDZ paramount_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB it_PPH1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 great_JJ team_NN who_PNQS worked_VVD consistently_RR and_CC regularly_RR on_II the_AT nuts_NN2 and_CC bolts_NN2 of_IO the_AT programme_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Six_MC hundred_NNO sat_VVD down_RP to_II that_DD1 Dinner_NN1 in_II the_AT Wellington_NP Town_NNL1 Hall_NP1 on_II 28_MC September_NPM1 ._. ^ ^_NULL John_NP1 White_NP1 ,_, now_RT Sir_NNB John_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 retired_JJ Judge_NN1 of_IO the_AT High_JJ Court_NN1 ,_, spoke_VVD of_IO the_AT history_NN1 of_IO the_AT congregation_NN ;_; Bert_NP1 Orange_NN1 ,_, the_AT Session_NNT1 Clerk_NN1 ,_, who_PNQS had_VHD replaced_VVN {_NULL N.H.G._NP }_NULL McFarlane_NP1 ,_, and_CC gave_VVN sterling_JJ service_NN1 in_II that_DD1 office_NN1 until_II 1985_MC ,_, spoke_VVD of_IO our_APPGE hopes_NN2 ;_; some_DD of_IO the_AT young_JJ people_NN spoke_VVD of_IO what_DDQ stewardship_NN1 meant_VVN in_II spiritual_JJ terms_NN2 ;_; and_CC Peter_NP1 Frude_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 marvellous_JJ organiser_NN1 of_IO the_AT visiting_JJ teams_NN2 ,_, spoke_VVD on_II the_AT future_NN1 of_IO stewardship_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT results_NN2 were_VBDR quite_RG remarkable_JJ ,_, not_XX only_RR in_II financial_JJ terms_NN2 ,_, but_CCB also_RR in_II the_AT response_NN1 for_IF service_NN1 which_DDQ the_AT campaign_NN1 generated_VVD ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT following_JJ report_NN1 written_VVN in_II March_NPM1 1958_MC shows_NN2 what_DDQ was_VBDZ achieved_VVN :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL This_DD1 was_VBDZ ,_, I_PPIS1 suppose_VV0 ,_, the_AT highest_JJT point_NN1 reached_VVN by_II \_NULL St_NP Andrew_NP1 's_GE since_CS its_APPGE foundation_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL One_PN1 should_VM not_XX measure_VVI Christian_JJ achievements_NN2 by_II numbers_NN2 because_CS real_JJ Christian_JJ impact_NN1 is_VBZ made_VVN in_II many_DA2 different_JJ ways_NN2 ,_, but_CCB there_EX can_VM be_VBI no_RR21 doubt_RR22 that_CST the_AT heart_NN1 of_IO the_AT congregation_NN on_II The_AT Terrace_NN1 was_VBDZ beating_VVG strongly_RR ,_, at_II that_DD1 stage_NN1 ,_, sending_VVG life_NN1 blood_NN1 out_RP into_II the_AT parish_NN1 and_CC the_AT wider_JJR world_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Incidentally_RR ,_, an_AT1 article_NN1 by_II Lloyd_NP1 Geering_NP1 in_II the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 *1_NULL Listener_NN1 *0_NULL of_IO 12_MC July_NPM1 1986_MC points_NN2 out_RP that_CST in_II absolute_JJ terms_NN2 the_AT Presbyterian_JJ Church_NNJ was_VBDZ at_II its_APPGE strongest_JJT this_DD1 century_NNT1 in_II 1960_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II that_DD1 period_NN1 1958-62_MCMC \_NULL St_NP Andrew_NP1 's_GE reflected_VVD the_AT overall_JJ buoyancy_NN1 of_IO the_AT church_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Another_DD1 aspect_NN1 of_IO life_NN1 at_II \_NULL St_NP Andrew_NP1 's_GE was_VBDZ broadcasting_VVG ._. ^ ^_NULL Religious_JJ broadcasting_NN1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 comparatively_RR new_JJ thing_NN1 and_CC was_VBDZ organised_VVN through_II the_AT Broadcasting_NN1 Service_NN1 on_II an_AT1 ecumenical_JJ basis_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 combined_JJ committee_NNJ of_IO the_AT churches_NN2 made_VVD recommendations_NN2 each_DD1 year_NNT1 for_IF churches_NN2 to_TO be_VBI wired_VVN for_IF broadcasting_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT importance_NN1 of_IO broadcasting_NN1 was_VBDZ quickly_RR grasped_VVN and_CC understood_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL Some_DD churches_NN2 had_VHD directors_NN2 of_IO broadcasting_NN1 and_CC for_IF a_AT1 time_NNT1 the_AT Presbyterian_JJ church_NN1 made_VVD such_DA appointments_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Today_RT ,_, religious_JJ broadcasting_NN1 both_RR on_II radio_NN1 and_CC \_NULL TV_NN1 is_VBZ co-ordinated_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL \_NULL St_NP Andrew_NP1 's_GE in_II Wellington_NP1 was_VBDZ one_MC1 of_IO those_DD2 churches_NN2 which_DDQ had_VHD a_AT1 regular_JJ slot_NN1 on_II the_AT air_NN1 ,_, and_CC I_PPIS1 decided_VVD from_II the_AT beginning_NN1 to_TO make_VVI this_DD1 a_AT1 feature_NN1 of_IO the_AT \_NULL St_NP Andrew_NP1 's_GE witness_NN1 to_II the_AT community_NNJ ._. ^ ^_NULL People_NN almost_RR automatically_RR turn_VV0 off_II religious_JJ services_NN2 ,_, so_CS the_AT aim_NN1 ,_, as_CSA I_PPIS1 saw_VVD it_PPH1 ,_, was_VBDZ to_TO capture_VVI and_CC maintain_VVI attention_NN1 ,_, not_XX by_II gimmickry_JJ but_CCB by_II the_AT simple_JJ ,_, direct_JJ presentation_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 warm_JJ and_CC welcoming_VVG message_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL To_II what_DDQ audience_NN did_VDD one_PN1 direct_VVI one_PN1 's_GE attention_NN1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL In_II those_DD2 days_NNT2 there_EX was_VBDZ little_JJ research_NN1 into_II consumer_NN1 attitudes_NN2 ,_, but_CCB the_AT broadcasting_NN1 church_NN1 had_VHD to_TO address_VVI itself_PPX1 to_II certain_JJ classes_NN2 of_IO listener_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL One_PN1 was_VBDZ the_AT loyal_JJ church_NN1 person_NN1 unable_JJ to_TO get_VVI out_RP to_TO worship_VVI *-_- he_PPHS1 or_CC she_PPHS1 had_VHD to_TO be_VBI nourished_VVN and_CC helped_VVN with_IW familiar_JJ and_CC constructive_JJ worship_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Then_RT there_EX was_VBDZ the_AT interested_JJ outsider_NN1 who_PNQS was_VBDZ ready_JJ to_TO listen_VVI if_CSW the_AT church_NN1 used_VVD topical_JJ and_CC relevant_JJ material_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Finally_RR ,_, there_EX were_VBDR the_AT occasional_JJ listeners_NN2 who_PNQS might_VM catch_VVI some_DD fragment_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 message_NN1 which_DDQ had_VHD a_AT1 personal_JJ touch_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT cranks_NN2 who_PNQS were_VBDR looking_VVG for_IF special_JJ pleading_NN1 for_IF their_APPGE own_DA cause_NN1 ,_, whether_CSW it_PPH1 be_VBI British_JJ Israel_NP1 or_CC some_DD fundamentalist_NN1 nonsense_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ no_AT point_NN1 trying_VVG to_TO please_VVI everyone_PN1 ,_, one_PN1 had_VHD simply_RR to_TO steer_VVI a_AT1 clear_JJ straight_JJ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL -forward_JJ course_NN1 ,_, using_VVG well_RR known_VVN and_CC well_RR sung_VVN music_NN1 ,_, and_CC preaching_VVG a_AT1 direct_JJ ,_, universal_JJ Christian_JJ message_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT code_NN1 imposed_VVD on_II religious_JJ broadcasters_NN2 was_VBDZ a_AT1 fair_JJ one_PN1 ,_, ensuring_VVG that_CST all_DB who_PNQS broadcast_VV0 would_VM stay_VVI within_II the_AT main_JJ stream_NN1 of_IO Christian_JJ witness_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II all_DB the_AT years_NNT2 of_IO broadcasting_VVG the_AT care_NN1 taken_VVN over_II this_DD1 has_VHZ increased_VVN ecumenical_JJ understanding_NN1 and_CC helped_VVN the_AT outside_JJ community_NNJ to_TO recognise_VVI the_AT basic_JJ unity_NN1 of_IO all_DB Christian_JJ people_NN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL \_NULL St_NP Andrew_NP1 's_GE in_II its_APPGE care_NN1 for_IF broadcasting_NN1 and_CC its_APPGE willingness_NN1 to_TO put_VVI itself_PPX1 out_RP to_TO perfect_VVI this_DD1 instrument_NN1 of_IO communication_NN1 ,_, has_VHZ developed_VVN a_AT1 sense_NN1 of_IO mission_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Now_CS21 that_CS22 \_NULL TV_NN1 is_VBZ part_NN1 of_IO the_AT scene_NN1 ,_, \_NULL St_NP Andrew_NP1 's_GE has_VHZ taken_VVN that_DD1 too_RG in_II its_APPGE stride_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL One_MC1 of_IO the_AT feature_NN1 occasions_NN2 for_IF broadcasting_NN1 was_VBDZ the_AT annual_JJ \_NULL St_NP1 Andrew_NP1 's_GE Day_NNT1 Service_NN1 which_DDQ took_VVD place_NN1 on_II the_AT evening_NNT1 of_IO the_AT Sunday_NPD1 nearest_II \_NULL St_NP1 Andrew_NP1 's_GE Day_NNT1 *-_- 30_MC November_NPM1 ._. ^ ^_NULL On_II that_DD1 day_NNT1 the_AT pipe_NN1 bands_NN2 of_IO the_AT Scottish_JJ Society_NNJ of_IO Wellington_NP1 marched_VVD with_IW a_AT1 skirl_NN1 down_II The_AT Terrace_NN1 to_II a_AT1 service_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL One_MC1 of_IO the_AT lessons_NN2 was_VBDZ always_RR read_VVN in_II the_AT Gaelic_NN1 *-_- an_AT1 event_NN1 eagerly_RR awaited_VVD by_II people_NN all_RR over_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL For_IF many_DA2 years_NNT2 this_DD1 task_NN1 was_VBDZ allotted_VVN to_II \_NULL Mr_NNB Duncan_NP1 McDiarmid_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ recorded_VVN that_CST on_II one_MC1 occasion_NN1 ,_, the_AT broadcasting_NN1 from_II \_NULL St_NP Andrew_NP1 's_GE of_IO the_AT hymn_NN1 *'_" For_IF those_DD2 in_II peril_NN1 on_II the_AT sea_NN1 **'_" ,_, actually_RR steadied_VVD and_CC probably_RR saved_VVN a_AT1 ship_NN1 and_CC its_APPGE crew_NN1 in_II trouble_NN1 on_II the_AT high_JJ seas_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Inter-church_JJ co-operation_NN1 in_II the_AT parish_NN1 area_NN1 was_VBDZ another_DD1 feature_NN1 of_IO the_AT ministry_NN1 of_IO \_NULL St_NP Andrew_NP1 's_GE ._. ^ ^_NULL When_CS I_PPIS1 arrived_VVD in_II 1947_MC there_EX were_VBDR four_MC other_JJ major_JJ churches_NN2 in_II the_AT parish_NN1 area_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT nearest_RRT was_VBDZ The_AT Terrace_NN1 Congregational_JJ Church_NNJ at_II the_AT corner_NN1 of_IO The_AT Terrace_NN1 and_CC Bowen_NP Street_NNL1 where_RRQ the_AT Reserve_JJ Bank_NN1 now_RT stands_VVZ ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 197+TEXT+G10_FO **]_NULL ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ speared_VVN to_II death_NN1 by_II natives_NN2 in_II revolt_NN1 against_II the_AT invasion_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE country_NN1 by_II the_AT Italian_JJ dictator_NN1 ,_, Mussolini_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Before_CS he_PPHS1 had_VHD gone_VVN overseas_RL in_II 1931_MC ,_, Cliff_NP1 had_VHD visited_VVN Kathleen_NP1 to_TO say_VVI goodbye_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL At_II the_AT time_NNT1 ,_, Kathleen_NP1 had_VHD had_VHN a_AT1 strange_JJ foreboding_NN1 as_CSA she_PPHS1 had_VHD watched_VVN him_PPHO1 leave_NN1 the_AT Weston_NP Avenue_NNL1 home_RL to_TO catch_VVI the_AT Avondale_NP1 tram_NN1 and_CC eventually_RR the_AT ship_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Kathleen_NP1 's_GE friend_NN1 Janet_NP1 Hesse_NP1 had_VHD also_RR been_VBN present_JJ at_II the_AT time_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *'_" Kathleen_NP1 was_VBDZ very_RG apprehensive_JJ about_II Cliff_NP1 at_II that_DD1 time_NNT1 ,_, **'_" she_PPHS1 says_VVZ ._. ^ ^_NULL Forgetting_VVG for_IF the_AT moment_NN1 that_CST Janet_NP1 was_VBDZ there_RL ,_, Kathleen_NP1 mused_VVD to_II herself_PPX1 in_II words_NN2 loud_RR enough_RR for_IF Janet_NP1 to_TO hear_VVI :_: *'_" I_PPIS1 wonder_VV0 if_CS I_PPIS1 shall_VM ever_RR see_VVI him_PPHO1 again_RT ._. ^ **'_" |_NULL ^_NULL Soon_RR after_II his_APPGE arrival_NN1 in_II Africa_NP1 ,_, Cliff_NP1 married_VVD Myrtle_NP1 Jenkins_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 New_JJ Zealander_NP1 from_II Underwood_NP1 ,_, Invercargill_NP1 ,_, and_CC also_RR a_AT1 missionary_JJ with_IW the_AT same_DA society_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 were_VBDR put_VVN in_II31 charge_II32 of_II33 a_AT1 pioneer_NN1 station_NN1 at_II Darassa_NP1 ,_, in_II the_AT Sidamo_NP Province_NNL1 of_IO Southern_NP1 Abyssinia_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Armed_JJ forces_NN2 of_IO the_AT Italian_JJ dictator_NN1 Mussolini_NP1 invaded_VVD the_AT country_NN1 in_II 1935_MC and_CC in_II October_NPM1 of_IO that_DD1 year_NNT1 ,_, Cliff_NP1 ,_, aged_II thirty-four_MC ,_, and_CC Myrtle_NP1 ,_, were_VBDR ordered_VVN by_II the_AT governor_NN1 of_IO the_AT province_NN1 to_TO move_VVI from_II Darassa_NP1 to_II Yerga_NP1 Alem_NP1 ,_, the_AT province_NN1 's_VBZ capital_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Following_VVG the_AT threat_NN1 by_II the_AT Italians_NN2 in_II the_AT south_ND1 ,_, Cliff_NP1 took_VVD Myrtle_NP1 and_CC their_APPGE young_JJ son_NN1 to_II Addis_NP Ababa_NP1 ,_, the_AT capital_NN1 of_IO the_AT country_NN1 ,_, to_TO ensure_VVI their_APPGE safety_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Being_VBG satisfied_VVN with_IW security_NN1 there_RL ,_, Cliff_NP1 returned_VVD to_II Sidamo_NP1 to_TO continue_VVI missionary_JJ work_NN1 and_CC also_RR to_TO help_VVI the_AT Red_NP Cross_NNL1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL On_II 7_MC May_NPM1 1936_MC ,_, Cliff_NP1 and_CC Thomas_NP1 Devers_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 Canadian_JJ missionary_NN1 with_IW whom_PNQO he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ working_VVG ,_, heard_VVN by_II radio_NN1 that_CST the_AT Italian_JJ army_NNJ was_VBDZ advancing_JJ on_II Addis_NP Ababa_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT latter_DA 's_GE fiancee_NN1 was_VBDZ also_RR in_II the_AT capital_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Becoming_VVG exceedingly_RR concerned_JJ about_II the_AT safety_NN1 of_IO the_AT women_NN2 ,_, both_DB2 men_NN2 decided_VVD to_TO make_VVI their_APPGE way_NN1 back_RP to_II the_AT capital_NN1 by_II the_AT shortest_JJT route_NN1 possible_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL They_PPHS2 had_VHD no_AT knowledge_NN1 that_CST a_AT1 major_JJ riot_NN1 had_VHD already_RR taken_VVN place_NN1 in_II the_AT capital_NN1 following_VVG the_AT flight_NN1 of_IO Emperor_NNB Haile_NP1 Selassie_NP1 ;_; nor_CC that_CST they_PPHS2 would_VM almost_RR certainly_RR meet_VVI large_JJ numbers_NN2 of_IO angry_JJ ,_, warlike_JJ local_JJ tribesmen_NN2 on_II the_AT route_NN1 they_PPHS2 had_VHD chosen_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL However_RR ,_, they_PPHS2 gathered_VVD together_RL a_AT1 party_NN of_IO twenty-five_MC friendly_JJ tribesmen_NN2 to_TO travel_VVI with_IW them_PPHO2 in_II31 case_II32 of_II33 difficulties_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB the_AT number_NN1 was_VBDZ insufficient_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL At_II about_RG 2_MC {_NULL p.m_RA ._. ^ }_NULL on_II 9_MC May_NPM1 the_AT party_NN was_VBDZ attacked_VVN by_RP about_II 200_MC Arussi_NP1 Gallas_NP2 armed_VVN with_IW rifles_NN2 and_CC spears_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ not_XX until_CS the_AT end_NN1 of_IO August_NPM1 that_CST Myrtle_NP1 ,_, still_RR waiting_VVG anxiously_RR in_II Addis_NP Ababa_NP1 for_IF news_NN1 ,_, received_VVD official_JJ word_NN1 from_II the_AT British_JJ Legation_NN1 in_II the_AT capital_NN1 that_CST Cliff_NP1 and_CC Tom_NP1 had_VHD been_VBN speared_VVN to_II death_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT legation_NN1 had_VHD been_VBN informed_VVN by_II another_DD1 New_NP Zealand_NP1 missionary_NN1 who_PNQS had_VHD been_VBN in_II the_AT province_NN1 at_II another_DD1 station_NN1 at_II the_AT time_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II July_NPM1 ,_, when_CS the_AT situation_NN1 in_II the_AT province_NN1 deteriorated_VVD still_RR further_RRR ,_, he_PPHS1 had_VHD moved_VVN south_ND1 to_II the_AT Kenyan_JJ border_NN1 for_IF his_APPGE safety_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL He_PPHS1 had_VHD talked_VVN with_IW one_MC1 of_IO the_AT missionaries_NN2 '_GE original_JJ twenty-five_MC helpers_NN2 who_PNQS had_VHD escaped_VVN the_AT massacre_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT news_NN1 he_PPHS1 gave_VVD was_VBDZ that_CST both_DB2 missionaries_NN2 had_VHD been_VBN speared_VVN to_II death_NN1 about_II the_AT same_DA time_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Many_DA2 of_IO the_AT friendly_JJ tribesmen_NN2 accompanying_VVG them_PPHO2 had_VHD also_RR been_VBN killed_VVN and_CC their_APPGE bodies_NN2 left_VVN on_II the_AT road_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT assaulting_JJ tribesmen_NN2 must_VM have_VHI been_VBN concerned_JJ ,_, however_RR ,_, when_CS they_PPHS2 discovered_VVD they_PPHS2 had_VHD killed_VVN two_MC white_JJ missionaries_NN2 ,_, for_CS they_PPHS2 had_VHD dragged_VVN their_APPGE bodies_NN2 under_II nearby_JJ bushes_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL That_DD1 was_VBDZ the_AT last_MD information_NN1 ever_RR received_VVN about_II the_AT pair_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL Their_APPGE bodies_NN2 were_VBDR never_RR recovered_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL After_II three_MC months_NNT2 of_IO uncertainty_NN1 over_II Cliff_NP1 's_GE whereabouts_NN2 ,_, news_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE death_NN1 came_VVD as_II a_AT1 shock_NN1 to_II Kathleen_NP1 and_CC Blaiklock_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL With_IW the_AT African_JJ country_NN1 still_RR occupied_VVN by_II the_AT Italians_NN2 ,_, there_EX was_VBDZ nothing_PN1 they_PPHS2 could_VM do_VDI about_II it_PPH1 from_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 ,_, and_CC this_DD1 made_VVD their_APPGE grieving_VVG harder_RRR to_TO bear_VVI ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Next_II21 to_II22 where_RRQ Blaiklock_NP1 and_CC Cliff_NP1 in_II their_APPGE youth_NN1 had_VHD so_RG often_RR struck_VVN camp_NN1 at_II Wood_NP Bay_NNL1 ,_, a_AT1 plum_NN1 tree_NN1 had_VHD sprung_VVN up_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 they_PPHS2 had_VHD agreed_VVN could_VM have_VHI come_VVN only_RR from_II one_MC1 of_IO the_AT many_DA2 plum_NN1 stones_NN2 they_PPHS2 had_VHD thrown_VVN out_II21 of_II22 their_APPGE tent_NN1 during_II their_APPGE camping_NN1 periods_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL After_CS Cliff_NP1 's_GE death_NN1 ,_, the_AT tree_NN1 became_VVD a_AT1 silent_JJ memorial_NN1 to_II Cliff_NP1 and_CC to_II the_AT times_NNT2 Blaiklock_NP1 and_CC he_PPHS1 had_VHD spent_VVN together_RL on_II the_AT Manukau_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Blaiklock_NP1 and_CC Kathleen_NP1 could_VM never_RR again_RT walk_VVI along_II that_DD1 shore_NN1 without_IW the_AT tree_NN1 recalling_VVG the_AT tragedy_NN1 vividly_RR to_II them_PPHO2 ._. ^ ^_NULL As_RG much_DA1 as_CSA possible_JJ ,_, they_PPHS2 avoided_VVD it_PPH1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL When_CS the_AT Italians_NN2 were_VBDR finally_RR driven_VVN out_II21 of_II22 Abyssinia_NP1 by_II British_JJ forces_NN2 in_II 1941_MC ,_, Blaiklock_NP1 wrote_VVD to_II General_NNB Cunningham_NP1 ,_, in_II31 charge_II32 of_II33 the_AT British_JJ East_NP African_JJ Force_NNJ Headquarters_NN in_II Nairobi_NP1 ,_, Kenya_NP1 ,_, seeking_VVG any_DD information_NN1 the_AT Army_NNJ might_VM have_VHI received_VVN about_II Cliff_NP1 Mitchell_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II 1941_MC he_PPHS1 received_VVD a_AT1 reply_NN1 from_II Lieutenant-Colonel_NP1 {_NULL WD_NP }_NULL Dickinson_NP1 ,_, General_JJ Staff_NN Intelligence_NN1 at_II Nairobi_NP1 ,_, to_II whom_PNQO Blaiklock_NP1 's_GE letter_NN1 had_VHD been_VBN referred_VVN :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Blaiklock_NP1 himself_PPX1 had_VHD been_VBN too_RG young_JJ to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 participant_NN1 in_II the_AT First_MD World_NN1 War_NN1 and_CC ,_, because_II21 of_II22 duodenal_JJ ulcers_NN2 ,_, was_VBDZ denied_VVN an_AT1 active_JJ role_NN1 in_II the_AT Second_NNT1 on_II the_AT grounds_NN2 of_IO his_APPGE health_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB he_PPHS1 did_VDD what_DDQ he_PPHS1 could_VM for_IF the_AT war_NN1 effort_NN1 ,_, lecturing_VVG one_MC1 night_NNT1 a_AT1 week_NNT1 at_II the_AT Officers_NP2 '_GE Training_NN1 School_NNL1 at_II Narrow_JJ Neck_NN1 ,_, for_IF nearly_RR three_MC years_NNT2 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 dealt_VVD with_IW the_AT history_NN1 of_IO warfare_NN1 ,_, tactics_NN2 ,_, and_CC the_AT causes_NN2 and_CC nature_NN1 of_IO human_JJ conflict_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 also_RR addressed_VVD interested_JJ groups_NN2 and_CC societies_NN2 on_II public_JJ affairs_NN2 and_CC when_RRQ a_AT1 Japanese_JJ invasion_NN1 seemed_VVD imminent_JJ ,_, spent_VVD one_MC1 evening_NNT1 a_AT1 week_NNT1 with_IW suburban_JJ groups_NN2 mobilised_VVD for_IF civil_JJ defence_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II 1941_MC the_AT *1_NULL Weekly_NP1 News_NP1 *0_NULL editor_NN1 ,_, {_NULL H_NP1 I_MC1 }_NULL MacPherson_NP1 ,_, asked_VVD Blaiklock_NP1 to_TO write_VVI a_AT1 regular_JJ column_NN1 *'_" on_II whatever_DDQV a_ZZ1 classical_JJ scholar_NN1 may_VM have_VHI in_II mind_NN1 **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL His_APPGE first_MD contribution_NN1 ,_, entitled_VVD *'_" Re-thinking_VVG History_NN1 **'_" ,_, was_VBDZ on_II archaeology_NN1 and_CC published_VVN under_II his_APPGE own_DA name_NN1 ,_, on_II 16_MC February_NPM1 1941_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT significance_NN1 he_PPHS1 placed_VVD on_II the_AT subject_NN1 and_CC its_APPGE findings_NN2 ,_, is_VBZ seen_VVN in_II the_AT introductory_JJ paragraphs_NN2 of_IO his_APPGE article_NN1 :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Blaiklock_NP1 was_VBDZ then_RT asked_VVN to_TO write_VVI a_AT1 regular_JJ weekly_JJ article_NN1 for_IF the_AT *1_NULL Weekly_NP1 News_NP1 ,_, *0_NULL using_VVG a_AT1 pen_NN1 name_NN1 :_: ^_NULL *'_" At_RR21 first_RR22 I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ apprehensive_JJ about_II whether_CSW I_PPIS1 could_VM continue_VVI indefinitely_RR but_CCB soon_RR after_II the_AT appointment_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 chanced_VVD to_TO be_VBI alone_JJ in_II the_AT house_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 whole_JJ week_NNT1 and_CC writing_VVG hard_RR ,_, stored_VVD up_RP some_DD two_MC dozen_NNO articles_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL That_DD1 gave_VVD me_PPIO1 confidence_NN1 **'_" (_( *1_NULL Between_II the_AT Foothills_NN2 and_CC the_AT Ridge_NP1 ,_, *0_NULL \_NULL p.63-64_NN1 )_) ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Grammaticus_NP1 articles_NN2 began_VVD with_IW the_AT first_MD issue_NN1 of_IO 1942_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL Blaiklock_NP1 chose_VVD his_APPGE pen_NN1 name_NN1 because_CS it_PPH1 meant_VVD *'_" a_AT1 teacher_NN1 of_IO literature_NN1 and_CC language_NN1 the_AT nearest_JJT equivalent_NN1 in_II ancient_JJ Rome_NP1 to_II a_AT1 university_NN1 professor_NN1 in_II such_DA a_AT1 discipline_NN1 today_RT **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL Grammaticus_NP1 articles_NN2 continued_VVN in_II Wilson_NP1 and_CC Horton_NP1 's_GE different_JJ publications_NN2 *-_- the_AT *1_NULL Weekly_NP1 News_NP1 ,_, *0_NULL and_CC when_CS that_DD1 died_VVD ,_, the_AT *1_NULL Sunday_NP1 Herald_NP1 ,_, *0_NULL and_CC when_CS that_DD1 suffered_VVD a_AT1 similar_JJ fate_NN1 ,_, the_AT *1_NULL New_NP Zealand_NP1 Herald_NN1 *-_- *0_NULL without_IW missing_VVG a_AT1 week_NNT1 for_IF over_RG forty-one_MC years_NNT2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Blaiklock_NP1 was_VBDZ also_RR preaching_VVG regularly_RR in_II Baptist_JJ churches_NN2 in_II and_CC around_II Auckland_NP1 and_CC in_II 1944_MC ,_, became_VVD a_AT1 member_NN1 of_IO the_AT Baptist_JJ Theological_JJ Board_NNJ ,_, succeeding_VVG in_II getting_VVG the_AT board_NN1 to_TO agree_VVI to_II first-year_JJ students_NN2 taking_VVG Greek_NN1 at_II Auckland_NP1 University_NNL1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT principal_NN1 of_IO the_AT Baptist_JJ College_NNL1 ,_, \_NULL Dr_NNB {_NULL J_NP1 J_NP1 }_NULL North_NP1 ,_, was_VBDZ never_RR enthusiastic_JJ about_II the_AT idea_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ more_RGR important_JJ ,_, he_PPHS1 said_VVD ,_, that_CST students_NN2 should_VM become_VVI theologians_NN2 than_CSN Grecians_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB he_PPHS1 agreed_VVD to_II the_AT idea_NN1 nevertheless_RR ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL One_MC1 of_IO two_MC new_JJ students_NN2 that_DD1 year_NNT1 who_PNQS became_VVD the_AT *'_" guinea_NN1 pigs_VVZ **'_" for_IF the_AT short-lived_JJ experiment_NN1 ,_, was_VBDZ Bob_NP1 Thompson_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT workload_NN1 for_IF the_AT two_MC young_JJ students_NN2 became_VVD excessive_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Thompson_NP1 survived_VVD ,_, but_CCB his_APPGE companion_NN1 ,_, after_CS only_RR one_MC1 term_NN1 ,_, did_VDD n't_XX ._. ^ ^_NULL Thompson_NP1 continued_VVD at_II university_NN1 as_CSA he_PPHS1 completed_VVD his_APPGE theological_JJ training_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Blaiklock_NP1 was_VBDZ sometimes_RT criticised_VVN for_IF using_VVG uncommon_JJ words_NN2 difficult_JJ for_IF his_APPGE hearers_NN2 to_TO understand_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL Thompson_NP1 recalls_VVZ a_AT1 judge_NN1 in_II a_AT1 court_NN1 hearing_VVG in_II 1943_MC delaying_VVG the_AT case_NN1 so_CS he_PPHS1 could_VM consult_VVI a_AT1 dictionary_NN1 over_II the_AT word_NN1 *'_" cacophonous_JJ **'_" which_DDQ Blaiklock_NP1 had_VHD used_VVN in_II giving_VVG evidence_NN1 for_IF \_NULL Dr_NNB North_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 case_NN1 in_II which_DDQ the_AT Baptist_JJ College_NNL1 principal_NN1 had_VHD been_VBN sued_VVN for_IF libel_NN1 as_II a_AT1 result_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 article_NN1 he_PPHS1 wrote_VVD about_II an_AT1 adventist_NN1 group_NN and_CC their_APPGE prophecy_NN1 on_II the_AT second_MD coming_NN1 of_IO Christ_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT return_NN1 of_IO Christ_NP1 was_VBDZ to_TO take_VVI place_NN1 on_II 17_MC July_NPM1 1944_MC ,_, the_AT group_NN had_VHD predicted_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL Their_APPGE calculations_NN2 ,_, expressed_VVN in_II verse_NN1 ,_, had_VHD been_VBN based_VVN on_II the_AT number_NN1 of_IO words_NN2 in_II the_AT English_JJ Bible_NN1 ,_, not_XX the_AT Greek_JJ Testament_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL \_NULL Dr_NNB North_NP1 had_VHD called_VVN them_PPHO2 *'_" impudent_JJ prophets_NN2 **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 called_VVD Blaiklock_NP1 to_TO testify_VVI that_CST the_AT Greek_JJ total_NN1 was_VBDZ quite_RG different_JJ from_II the_AT English_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT libel_NN1 did_VDD not_XX succeed_VVI ,_, 17_MC July_NPM1 1944_MC came_VVD and_CC went_VVD and_CC the_AT *'_" prophets_NN2 **'_" were_VBDR not_XX heard_VVN of_IO again_RT ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL According_II21 to_II22 Thompson_NP1 ,_, Blaiklock_NP1 was_VBDZ always_RR impatient_JJ with_IW the_AT liberal_JJ element_NN1 in_II the_AT Baptist_JJ denomination_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Successor_NP1 to_II \_NULL Dr_NNB North_NP1 ,_, \_NULL Rev_NNB Luke_NP1 Jenkins_NP1 ,_, was_VBDZ of_IO that_DD1 tradition_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Blaiklock_NP1 opposed_VVD his_APPGE appointment_NN1 ,_, ultimately_RR resigning_VVG from_II the_AT Baptist_JJ Theological_JJ Board_NNJ in_II protest_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL With_IW his_APPGE own_DA Greek_JJ *'_" department_NNJ **'_" ,_, writing_VVG and_CC Christian_JJ activities_NN2 ,_, Blaiklock_NP1 continued_VVD to_TO live_VVI a_AT1 full_JJ life_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL For_IF relaxation_NN1 ,_, the_AT family_NN continued_VVD to_TO travel_VVI ,_, usually_RR once_RR a_AT1 week_NNT1 to_II Titirangi_NP1 amid_II the_AT peaceful_JJ surroundings_NN2 of_IO the_AT Waitakeres_NP1 ,_, with_IW which_DDQ they_PPHS2 were_VBDR so_RG familiar_JJ :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL In_II the_AT 1940s_MC2 ,_, Blaiklock_NP1 's_GE Greek_JJ section_NN1 flourished_VVD and_CC in_II the_AT years_NNT2 1940-46_MCMC ,_, four_MC of_IO his_APPGE students_NN2 became_VVD Rhodes_NP1 Scholars_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 were_VBDR {_NULL M_MC W_ZZ1 }_NULL Speight_NN1 (_( killed_VVN at_II Cassino_NP1 in_II the_AT Second_MD World_NN1 War_NN1 )_) ,_, {_NULL G_NP1 L_NP1 }_NULL Cawkwell_NP1 ,_, {_NULL B_NP1 F_NP1 }_NULL Harris_NP1 and_CC \_NULL F_NP1 Foulkes_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL During_II these_DD2 years_NNT2 Blaiklock_NP1 concentrated_VVD particularly_RR on_II his_APPGE own_DA studies_NN2 in_II Greek_NN1 ,_, still_RR worried_JJ that_CST he_PPHS1 had_VHD *'_" no_AT piece_NN1 of_IO paper_NN1 **'_" in_II that_DD1 language_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 read_VVD all_DB the_AT thirty-five_MC surviving_JJ tragedies_NN2 in_II Greek_NN1 ,_, seeing_VVG their_APPGE unity_NN1 and_CC evolution_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 was_VBDZ excellent_JJ groundwork_NN1 for_IF his_APPGE thesis_NN1 *1_NULL The_AT Male_JJ Characters_NN2 of_IO Euripides_NP1 ,_, *0_NULL which_DDQ won_VVD him_PPHO1 a_AT1 {_NULL Ph.D_NP1 ._. ^ }_NULL in_II literature_NN1 in_II September_NPM1 1945_MC and_CC was_VBDZ published_VVN as_II a_AT1 book_NN1 by_II the_AT University_NN1 Press_NNJ seven_MC years_NNT2 later_RRR ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT thesis_NN1 was_VBDZ *'_" a_AT1 study_NN1 in_II realism_NN1 **'_" and_CC *'_" in_RR21 memoriam_RR22 to_II Alfred_NP1 Croom_NP1 Paterson_NP1 **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL His_APPGE *'_" piece_NN1 of_IO paper_NN1 in_II Greek_NN1 **'_" ,_, problem_NN1 was_VBDZ now_RT solved_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT book_NN1 was_VBDZ reviewed_VVN favourably_RR in_II the_AT *1_NULL New_NP Zealand_NP1 Herald_NN1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL Euripides_NP1 (_( 485-407_MCMC {_NULL BC_RA }_NULL )_) was_VBDZ the_AT youngest_JJT of_IO the_AT three_MC greatest_JJT Attic_JJ tragedians_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT characteristics_NN2 of_IO his_APPGE plays_NN2 are_VBR their_APPGE human_JJ qualities_NN2 (_( men_NN2 are_VBR represented_VVN in_II them_PPHO2 in_II everyday_JJ life_NN1 )_) ,_, their_APPGE poignant_JJ realism_NN1 and_CC the_AT frequent_JJ use_NN1 of_IO divine_JJ intervention_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Two_MC of_IO his_APPGE most_RGT remarkable_JJ plays_NN2 are_VBR *1_NULL Bacchae_NP1 ,_, *0_NULL and_CC *1_NULL Heracles_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL Others_NN2 interpret_VV0 Euripides_NP1 '_GE purpose_NN1 in_II writing_VVG the_AT *1_NULL Bacchae_NP1 *0_NULL as_CSA being_VBG to_TO teach_VVI moderation_NN1 ,_, the_AT need_NN1 for_IF self-control_NN1 on_II the_AT one_MC1 hand_NN1 and_CC the_AT danger_NN1 on_II the_AT other_JJ ,_, of_IO too_RG strong_JJ repression_NN1 of_IO natural_JJ instincts_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Blaiklock_NP1 saw_VVD it_PPH1 as_II a_AT1 study_NN1 of_IO religious_JJ psychology_NN1 from_II real_JJ life_NN1 ,_, Dionysus_NP1 and_CC his_APPGE followers_NN2 being_VBG a_AT1 fanatical_JJ religious_JJ group_NN living_VVG in_II Euripides_NP1 '_GE day_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *1_NULL Heracles_NP1 ,_, *0_NULL according_II21 to_II22 Blaiklock_NP1 ,_, shows_VVZ that_CST Euripides_NP1 had_VHD studied_VVN the_AT disease_NN1 of_IO epilepsy_NN1 in_II depth_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 used_VVD Heracles_NP1 as_II the_AT vehicle_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE observations_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL A_AT1 month_NNT1 after_II being_VBG awarded_VVN his_APPGE {_NULL Ph.D_NP1 ._. ^ }_NULL ,_, another_DD1 major_JJ event_NN1 for_IF Blaiklock_NP1 and_CC family_NN took_VVD place_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Ever_RR since_CS their_APPGE marriage_NN1 ,_, Blaiklock_NP1 and_CC Kathleen_NP1 had_VHD lived_VVN in_II the_AT same_DA house_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Now_RT they_PPHS2 made_VVD their_APPGE one_MC1 and_CC only_JJ move_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE home_NN1 in_II their_APPGE lives_NN2 *-_- to_II 47_MC Koromiko_NP Road_NNL1 ,_, Titirangi_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT plot_NN1 had_VHD a_AT1 special_JJ significance_NN1 for_IF Blaiklock_NP1 as_CSA it_PPH1 overlooked_VVD the_AT valley_NN1 where_RRQ he_PPHS1 had_VHD spent_VVN his_APPGE childhood_NN1 and_CC where_RRQ his_APPGE father_NN1 had_VHD farmed_VVN unsuccessfully_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL Some_DD of_IO the_AT trees_NN2 his_APPGE father_NN1 had_VHD planted_VVN in_II those_DD2 early_JJ days_NNT2 could_VM be_VBI clearly_RR identified_VVN from_II the_AT new_JJ home_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Situated_JJ on_II the_AT northern_JJ slopes_NN2 of_IO the_AT Waitakere_NP1 Range_NN1 ,_, its_APPGE wide-angled_JJ view_NN1 covered_VVD the_AT city_NN1 with_IW its_APPGE two_MC harbours_NN2 ,_, one_MC1 on_II either_DD1 side_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ eleven_MC miles_NNU2 from_II Auckland_NP1 University_NNL1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT family_NN celebrated_VVD their_APPGE first_MD night_NNT1 there_EX seated_VVD before_II a_AT1 large_JJ lounge_NN1 window_NN1 silently_RR watching_VVG the_AT distant_JJ city_NN1 become_VV0 a_AT1 mass_NN1 of_IO twinkling_VVG fairy-like_JJ lights_NN2 below_II them_PPHO2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 all_DB had_VHN an_AT1 air_NN1 of_IO unreality_NN1 for_IF them_PPHO2 but_CCB this_DD1 was_VBDZ soon_RR to_TO become_VVI commonplace_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL When_CS they_PPHS2 had_VHD lived_VVN at_II Weston_NP Avenue_NNL1 ,_, walks_VVZ with_IW the_AT boys_NN2 up_II \_NULL Mt_NNL1 Albert_NP were_VBDR frequent_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Now_RT they_PPHS2 enjoyed_VVD happy_JJ days_NNT2 of_IO relaxation_NN1 exploring_VVG together_RL the_AT Waitakere_NP1 Range_NN1 as_CS31 far_CS32 as_CS33 Whatipu_NP1 on_II the_AT edge_NN1 of_IO the_AT rugged_JJ West_NP Coast_NP1 shoreline_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Its_APPGE surf-pounding_JJ beaches_NN2 appealed_VVD particularly_RR to_II Blaiklock_NP1 and_CC these_DD2 excursions_NN2 did_VDD much_DA1 to_TO strengthen_VVI existing_JJ bonds_NN2 between_II father_NN1 and_CC sons_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Waitakeres_NP1 had_VHD so_RG many_DA2 magnificent_JJ and_CC unusual_JJ places_NN2 to_TO explore_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ four_MC miles_NNU2 from_II Whatipu_NP1 to_II Pararaha_NP Point_NNL1 and_CC then_RT on_II21 to_II22 Gibbons_NP1 track_NN1 ,_, the_AT old_JJ lorry_NN1 road_NN1 from_II Karekare_NP1 used_VVD in_II the_AT timber_NN milling_VVG days_NNT2 ._. ^ ^_NULL One_MC1 impressive_JJ sight_NN1 was_VBDZ from_II the_AT 600_MC \_NULL ft_NNU cliff_NN1 about_II a_AT1 mile_NNU1 south_ND1 of_IO Pararaha_NP Point_NNL1 :_: they_PPHS2 could_VM watch_VVI wisps_NN2 of_IO smoke_NN1 coming_VVG from_II the_AT now_RT ebbing_VVG fire_NN1 they_PPHS2 had_VHD lit_VVN on_II the_AT beach_NN1 the_AT previous_JJ day_NNT1 ,_, with_IW the_AT rolling_JJ surf_NN1 as_II the_AT backdrop_NN1 to_II the_AT long_JJ stretch_NN1 of_IO beach_NN1 ;_; then_RT towards_II evening_NNT1 ,_, they_PPHS2 could_VM see_VVI from_II their_APPGE unique_JJ vantage_NN1 point_NN1 the_AT spectacular_JJ sunsets_NN2 so_RG much_RR a_AT1 feature_NN1 of_IO that_DD1 part_NN1 of_IO Auckland_NP1 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 198+TEXT+G11_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *7_NULL Hei_NP1 Ariki_NP1 Algie_NP1 ,_, or_CC Tihei_NP1 as_CSA she_PPHS1 has_VHZ been_VBN called_VVN since_II her_APPGE schooldays_NN2 ,_, is_VBZ the_AT senior_JJ great-granddaughter_NN1 of_IO Te_AT Kooti_NP1 Arikirangi_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 was_VBDZ born_VVN on_II 9_MC December_NPM1 1913_MC and_CC is_VBZ the_AT eldest_JJT daughter_NN1 of_IO Putiputi_NP1 Miria_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS was_VBDZ the_AT only_JJ daughter_NN1 of_IO Te_AT Kooti_NP1 's_GE only_JJ son_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Although_CS Tihei_NP1 is_VBZ not_XX the_AT eldest_JJT in_II the_AT Rikirangi_NP1 family_NN ,_, her_APPGE cousin_NN1 Charlotte_NP1 being_VBG born_VVN six_MC months_NNT2 earlier_RRR ,_, she_PPHS1 has_VHZ become_VVN its_APPGE head_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 mana_NN1 she_PPHS1 traces_VVZ from_II her_APPGE mother_NN1 and_CC her_APPGE grandmother_NN1 ,_, Oriwia_NP1 Kunaiti_NP1 :_: that_REX21 is_REX22 ,_, from_II the_AT women_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Tihei_NP1 's_GE story_NN1 reveals_VVZ how_RRQ those_DD2 who_PNQS take_VV0 for_IF granted_VVN the_AT triumphs_NN2 and_CC superior_JJ morality_NN1 of_IO the_AT colonizing_JJ interests_NN2 can_VM force_VVI a_AT1 family_NN into_II feeling_VVG ashamed_JJ of_IO being_NN1 who_PNQS they_PPHS2 are_VBR ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Te_AT Kooti_NP1 has_VHZ been_VBN described_VVN as_II a_AT1 violent_JJ *'_" rebel_NN1 **'_" and_CC *'_" murderer_NN1 **'_" in_II most_DAT of_IO the_AT written_JJ accounts_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT hostility_NN1 in_II this_DD1 caricature_NN1 was_VBDZ also_RR fed_VVN by_II the_AT local_JJ antagonisms_NN2 in_II Poverty_NP Bay_NNL1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Te_AT Kooti_NP1 ordered_VVD the_AT imprisonment_NN1 and_CC the_AT execution_NN1 of_IO some_DD of_IO his_APPGE major_JJ opponents_NN2 ,_, both_RR Pakeha_NP1 and_CC Maori_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL One_MC1 of_IO the_AT leading_JJ Kawanatanga_NP1 chiefs_NN2 had_VHD been_VBN Waaka_NP1 Puakanga_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS was_VBDZ the_AT father_NN1 of_IO Te_AT Kooti_NP1 's_GE first_MD wife_NN1 ,_, Irihapeti_NP1 ,_, and_CC the_AT grandfather_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE only_JJ son_NN1 ,_, Weteni_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ taken_VVN prisoner_NN1 by_II Te_AT Kooti_NP1 in_II the_AT raid_NN1 on_II Oweta_NP1 pa_NN1 *?_NULL 1_MC1 on_II 14_MC November_NPM1 1868_MC and_CC executed_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL Paratene_NP1 Turangi_NP1 ,_, the_AT Rongowhakaata_NP1 chief_NN1 with_IW whom_PNQO Waaka_NP1 had_VHD been_VBN closely_RR associated_VVN ,_, was_VBDZ also_RR shot_VVN there_RL with_IW five_MC others_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL These_DD2 executions_NN2 were_VBDR deliberate_JJ and_CC selective_JJ utu_NN1 ,_, or_CC requital_NN1 ,_, for_IF their_APPGE part_NN1 in_II sending_VVG him_PPHO1 into_II exile_NN1 and_CC for_IF sustaining_VVG the_AT pursuit_NN1 and_CC opposition_NN1 to_II him_PPHO1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Te_AT Kooti_NP1 also_RR took_VVD many_DA2 Maori_JJ prisoners_NN2 from_II Poverty_NP Bay_NNL1 and_CC among_II them_PPHO2 was_VBDZ Oriwia_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS became_VVD one_MC1 of_IO his_APPGE wives_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 was_VBDZ later_RRR recaptured_VVN by_II Ngati_NP1 Porou_NP1 at_II Te_AT Hapua_NP1 ,_, in_II the_AT Urewera_NP1 country_NN1 ,_, on_II 1_MC1 September_NPM1 1871_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB Oriwia_NP1 herself_PPX1 had_VHD by_II then_RT become_VV0 a_AT1 staunch_NN1 Ringatu_NP1 and_CC she_PPHS1 returned_VVD for_IF a_AT1 time_NNT1 to_II Te_AT Kooti_NP1 ,_, when_CS he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ living_VVG in_II exile_NN1 with_IW Ngati_NP1 Maniapoto_NP1 ,_, before_CS finally_RR leaving_VVG him_PPHO1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Her_APPGE personal_JJ history_NN1 apparently_RR was_VBDZ not_XX passed_VVN on_II21 to_II22 her_APPGE grandchildren_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Many_DA2 Maori_JJ families_NN2 in_II Poverty_NP Bay_NNL1 have_VH0 ancestral_JJ histories_NN2 which_DDQ can_VM be_VBI traced_VVN to_II both_DB2 the_AT opponents_NN2 and_CC the_AT followers_NN2 of_IO Te_AT Kooti_NP1 ,_, as_CSA civil_JJ war_NN1 was_VBDZ forced_VVN upon_II them_PPHO2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT East_NP Coast_NP1 war_NN1 was_VBDZ precipitated_VVN by_II the_AT government_NN view_NN1 that_CST there_EX was_VBDZ no_AT neutrality_NN1 :_: support_NN1 for_IF the_AT new_JJ faith_NN1 ,_, Pai_NP1 Marire_NP1 ,_, which_DDQ was_VBDZ brought_VVN there_RL by_II its_APPGE missionaries_NN2 in_II 1865_MC ,_, was_VBDZ axiomatically_RR seen_VVN as_II a_AT1 statement_NN1 of_IO disloyalty_NN1 to_II the_AT Crown_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL From_II this_DD1 date_NN1 ,_, families_NN2 and_CC individuals_NN2 were_VBDR compelled_VVN to_TO take_VVI sides_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL When_CS Te_AT Kooti_NP1 miraculously_RR returned_VVN from_II exile_NN1 ,_, with_IW all_DB the_AT former_DA Pai_NP1 Marire_NP1 prisoners_NN2 but_CCB as_II the_AT leader_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 new_JJ faith_NN1 ,_, Ringatu_NP1 ,_, these_DD2 painful_JJ divisions_NN2 were_VBDR immediately_RR reopened_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL Each_DD1 Maori_JJ family_NN has_VHZ ,_, therefore_RR ,_, had_VHD to_TO take_VVI its_APPGE own_DA decisions_NN2 about_II the_AT transmitting_NN1 of_IO its_APPGE history_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Putiputi_NP1 ,_, Tihei_NP1 's_GE mother_NN1 ,_, recounted_VVD her_APPGE own_DA difficulties_NN2 in_II coming_VVG to_II terms_NN2 with_IW her_APPGE descent_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II her_APPGE childhood_NN1 ,_, she_PPHS1 said_VVD ,_, she_PPHS1 was_VBDZ accustomed_VVN to_TO hear_VVI her_APPGE grandfather_NN1 denounced_VVD *'_" as_II a_AT1 brigand_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 mass-murderer_NN1 ..._... ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 lived_VVD to_TO hear_VVI tributes_NN2 paid_VVN to_II him_PPHO1 by_II the_AT highest_RRT in_II the_AT land_NN1 **'_" *-_- the_AT Governor-General_NN1 ,_, the_AT Prime_JJ Minister_NN1 ,_, and_CC Church_NNJ leaders_NN2 *-_- when_RRQ she_PPHS1 attended_VVD the_AT centennial_JJ gathering_NN1 for_IF the_AT return_NN1 of_IO the_AT Exiles_NN2 ,_, held_VVN at_II Muriwai_NP1 in_II 1968_MC ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Tihei_NP1 only_RR learnt_VVN about_II her_APPGE descent_NN1 from_II Te_AT Kooti_NP1 when_RRQ she_PPHS1 was_VBDZ about_RG fourteen_MC years_NNT2 old_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Her_APPGE grandfather_NN1 ,_, Weteni_NP1 ,_, was_VBDZ present_JJ as_II a_AT1 little_JJ boy_NN1 at_II Oweta_NP1 pa_NN1 *?_NULL 1_MC1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ being_VBG looked_VVN after_II by_II his_APPGE guardian_NN1 ,_, Natana_NP1 Takurangi_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS was_VBDZ taken_VVN prisoner_NN1 by_II Te_AT Kooti_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL One_MC1 of_IO Te_AT Kooti_NP1 's_GE wives_NN2 pleaded_VVD for_IF Natana_NP1 's_GE life_NN1 because_II21 of_II22 the_AT child_NN1 ,_, but_CCB he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ executed_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT little_JJ boy_NN1 then_RT remained_VVD with_IW his_APPGE father_NN1 but_CCB was_VBDZ captured_VVN with_IW a_AT1 group_NN of_IO refugees_NN2 from_II Te_AT Kooti_NP1 's_GE camp_NN1 at_II Patutahi_NP1 on_II 15_MC December_NPM1 1868_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ then_RT sent_VVN to_II Waiapu_NP1 to_TO be_VBI brought_VVN up_RP by_II Ngati_NP1 Porou_NP1 ,_, his_APPGE father_NN1 's_VHZ antagonists_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Weteni_NP1 learnt_VVD to_TO dissociate_VVI himself_PPX1 from_II his_APPGE father_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Consequently_NP1 ,_, Tihei_NP1 's_GE own_DA attitudes_NN2 towards_II Te_AT Kooti_NP1 were_VBDR ,_, and_CC to_II some_DD extent_NN1 still_RR are_VBR ,_, ambivalent_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB in_II her_APPGE account_NN1 she_PPHS1 is_VBZ very_RG clear_JJ about_II the_AT importance_NN1 of_IO family_NN and_CC ,_, in_II stressing_VVG its_APPGE centrality_NN1 in_II her_APPGE life_NN1 ,_, she_PPHS1 is_VBZ also_RR emphasizing_VVG the_AT responsibility_NN1 that_CST she_PPHS1 now_RT has_VHZ ,_, as_CSA the_AT head_NN1 of_IO Te_AT Kooti_NP1 's_GE family_NN ,_, for_IF the_AT Ringatu_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ a_AT1 role_NN1 for_IF which_DDQ she_PPHS1 may_VM not_XX have_VHI been_VBN fully_RR trained_VVN but_CCB which_DDQ she_PPHS1 sees_VVZ as_II a_AT1 vital_JJ part_NN1 of_IO her_APPGE life_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Tihei_NP1 was_VBDZ born_VVN and_CC grew_VVN up_RP at_II Manutuke_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 small_JJ and_CC predominantly_RR Maori_JJ community_NNJ on_II the_AT banks_NN2 of_IO the_AT Te_AT Arai_NP1 river_NN1 ,_, about_RG thirteen_MC kilometres_NNU2 to_II the_AT south-west_ND1 of_IO Gisborne_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 attended_VVD Te_AT Arai_NP1 school_NN1 (_( as_CSA the_AT local_JJ Maori_JJ school_NN1 was_VBDZ then_RT called_VVN )_) between_II 1921_MC and_CC 1928_MC and_CC she_PPHS1 has_VHZ lived_VVN at_II Manutuke_NP1 most_DAT of_IO her_APPGE life_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT settlement_NN1 is_VBZ particularly_RR famous_JJ for_IF its_APPGE five_MC meeting-houses_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ belong_VV0 to_II the_AT Rongowhakaata_NP1 people_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 include_VV0 the_AT elaborately_RR carved_VVD and_CC painted_VVN Te_AT Mana_NP1 o_ZZ1 Turanga_NP1 ,_, completed_VVN in_II 1883_MC ,_, which_DDQ was_VBDZ a_AT1 centre_NN1 for_IF the_AT Ringatu_NP1 Twelfths_MF ,_, and_CC the_AT much_RR plainer_JJR house_NN1 ,_, Te_AT Kiko_NP1 o_ZZ1 Te_AT Rangi_NP1 ,_, built_VVN about_RG 1920_MC ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ Tihei_NP1 's_GE marae_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Manutuke_NP1 's_GE population_NN1 has_VHZ not_XX changed_VVN significantly_RR during_II Tihei_NP1 's_GE lifetime_NNT1 ,_, although_CS the_AT proportion_NN1 of_IO Maori_JJ living_NN1 there_EX has_VHZ risen_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT 1936_MC census_NN1 ,_, of_IO 540_MC people_NN at_II Manutuke_NP1 ,_, 360_MC were_VBDR Maori_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL By_II 1971_MC ,_, the_AT township_NN1 had_VHD grown_VVN to_II 672_MC ,_, of_IO whom_PNQO 485_MC were_VBDR Maori_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL As_CSA Tihei_NP1 recalls_VVZ her_APPGE life_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ apparent_JJ that_CST she_PPHS1 has_VHZ undertaken_VVN the_AT many_DA2 roles_NN2 which_DDQ are_VBR demanded_VVN of_IO women_NN2 when_RRQ they_PPHS2 are_VBR both_DB2 mothers_NN2 and_CC income_NN1 earners_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 worked_VVD as_II a_AT1 fleecer_NN1 on_II shearing_VVG gangs_NN2 both_RR before_RT and_CC after_CS she_PPHS1 married_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL As_CSA she_PPHS1 said_VVD unequivocally_RR ,_, it_PPH1 was_VBDZ hard_JJ work_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 married_VVD on_II 23_MC December_NPM1 1944_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL Her_APPGE husband_NN1 ,_, Jack_NP1 Algie_NP1 ,_, was_VBDZ a_AT1 Pakeha_NP1 carpenter_NN1 ,_, and_CC later_JJR building_NN1 supervisor_NN1 ,_, for_IF the_AT local_JJ Maori_JJ Affairs_NN2 Department_NNJ ._. ^ ^_NULL When_CS they_PPHS2 had_VHD earned_VVN enough_DD money_NN1 to_TO build_VVI their_APPGE own_DA home_NN1 she_PPHS1 left_VVD her_APPGE job_NN1 ,_, but_CCB she_PPHS1 returned_VVD later_RRR to_TO work_VVI seasonally_RR at_II Wattie_NP1 's_GE canning_JJ factory_NN1 ,_, where_CS she_PPHS1 suffered_VVD a_AT1 partial_JJ loss_NN1 of_IO eyesight_NN1 from_II being_VBG splashed_VVN by_II caustic_JJ soda_NN1 ,_, used_VVN in_II hot_JJ water_NN1 to_TO peel_VVI tomatoes_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Her_APPGE husband_NN1 died_VVD in_II January_NPM1 1967_MC and_CC Tihei_NP1 now_RT lives_VVZ with_IW her_APPGE mokopuna_NN1 ,_, Jacqueline_NP1 ,_, whom_PNQO she_PPHS1 has_VHZ brought_VVN up_RP from_II birth_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT most_RGT important_JJ thing_NN1 to_II her_PPHO1 today_RT ,_, she_PPHS1 commented_VVD ,_, is_VBZ her_APPGE work_NN1 on_II the_AT Incorporation_NN1 committee_NNJ of_IO Te_AT Whakaari_NP1 ,_, the_AT block_NN1 of_IO land_NN1 in_II which_DDQ she_PPHS1 is_VBZ a_AT1 major_JJ shareholder_NN1 ,_, her_APPGE portion_NN1 being_VBG inherited_VVN from_II her_APPGE grandfather_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL We_PPIS2 visited_VVD Tihei_NP1 three_MC times_NNT2 in_II her_PPHO1 home_RL at_II Manutuke_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL On_II the_AT first_MD occasion_NN1 ,_, in_II 1982_MC ,_, her_APPGE younger_JJR sister_NN1 Erina_NP1 (_( Lena_NP1 )_) ,_, who_PNQS lives_VVZ close_JJ by_II ,_, was_VBDZ with_IW her_PPHO1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 had_VHD originally_RR intended_VVN to_TO ask_VVI Lena_NP1 to_TO be_VBI part_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE story_NN1 ,_, but_CCB she_PPHS1 suffered_VVD a_AT1 stroke_NN1 in_II February_NPM1 1983_MC ,_, which_DDQ left_VVD her_APPGE unable_JJ to_TO talk_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL On_II the_AT occasion_NN1 that_CST we_PPIS2 met_VVD ,_, Lena_NP1 was_VBDZ full_JJ of_IO life_NN1 and_CC energy_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 spoke_VVD vividly_RR of_IO the_AT day_NNT1 when_RRQ the_AT *0_NULL Rifleman_NN1 *1_NULL was_VBDZ captured_VVN on_II Wharekauri_NP1 by_II the_AT prisoners_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 performed_VVD a_AT1 haka_NN1 for_IF the_AT crew_NN1 and_CC ,_, as_CSA the_AT men_NN2 dropped_VVD back_RP ,_, the_AT women_NN2 came_VVD forward_RL ,_, singing_VVG ,_, gyrating_VVG ,_, and_CC *'_" shaking_VVG their_APPGE bums_NN2 **'_" at_II the_AT seamen_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT sailors_NN2 started_VVD to_TO grab_VVI at_II them_PPHO2 ,_, and_CC were_VBDR drawn_VVN by_II the_AT teasing_NN1 ,_, inviting_VVG women_NN2 into_II the_AT centre_NN1 of_IO the_AT group_NN ,_, where_CS they_PPHS2 were_VBDR seized_VVN by_II the_AT men_NN2 hidden_VVN inside_RL ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ the_AT women_NN2 who_PNQS ,_, by_II enticing_VVG the_AT sailors_NN2 to_II their_APPGE captivity_NN1 ,_, initiated_VVD the_AT escape_NN1 of_IO the_AT Exiles_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 story_NN1 ,_, more_RRR than_CSN any_DD other_JJ ,_, remembers_VVZ the_AT neglected_JJ women_NN2 prisoners_NN2 on_II Wharekauri_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT first_MD conversation_NN1 we_PPIS2 had_VHD with_IW Lena_NP1 and_CC Tihei_NP1 took_VVD place_NN1 on_II 17_MC May_NPM1 1982_MC in_II Tihei_NP1 's_GE home_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 talked_VVD in_II her_APPGE front_JJ room_NN1 ,_, where_CS the_AT family_NN photos_NN2 and_CC sporting_JJ trophies_NN2 are_VBR proudly_RR displayed_VVN ,_, and_CC Tihei_NP1 brought_VVD in_II her_APPGE heirlooms_NN2 from_II Te_AT Kooti_NP1 for_IF us_PPIO2 to_TO see_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 occasion_NN1 was_VBDZ not_XX tape-recorded_JJ ,_, at_II her_APPGE request_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 have_VH0 here_RL drawn_VVN on_II the_AT notes_NN2 which_DDQ were_VBDR written_VVN at_II the_AT time_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Subsequently_RR we_PPIS2 recorded_VVD two_MC dialogues_NN2 with_IW Tihei_NP1 in_II her_PPHO1 home_RL ,_, on_II 26_MC November_NPM1 1983_MC and_CC 7_MC December_NPM1 1984_MC ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *6_NULL I_PPIS1 *0_NULL did_VDD n't_XX know_VVI anything_PN1 about_II Te_AT Kooti_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 used_VMK to_TO hear_VVI how_RRQ he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 rebel_NN1 and_CC all_DB that_DD1 ,_, and_CC I_PPIS1 did_VDD n't_XX think_VVI I_MC1 was_VBDZ connected_VVN with_IW him_PPHO1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 were_VBDR n't_XX encouraged_VVN to_TO talk_VVI about_II him_PPHO1 and_CC whatever_DDQV he_PPHS1 did_VDD ,_, if_CS he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 good_JJ man_NN1 or_CC bad_JJ man_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 were_VBDR n't_XX ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB then_RT we_PPIS2 were_VBDR asked_VVN to_TO write_VVI about_II Te_AT Kooti_NP1 in_II school_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ in_II Standard_NN1 Six_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC I_PPIS1 did_VDD n't_XX *1_NULL know_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL I_PPIS1 did_VDD n't_XX know_VVI anything_PN1 about_II him_PPHO1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 went_VVD home_RL and_CC talked_VVN about_II it_PPH1 ,_, and_CC was_VBDZ told_VVN to_TO forget_VVI it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *'_" Do_VD0 n't_XX worry_VVI about_II it_PPH1 !_! ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ over_RP !_! ^ ^_NULL Finished_VVN ._. ^ **'_" ^_NULL I_PPIS1 went_VVD back_RP and_CC told_VVD my_APPGE parents_NN2 that_CST my_APPGE headmaster_NN1 was_VBDZ threatening_VVG to_II strap_NN1 me_PPIO1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Because_CS **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL I_PPIS1 did_VDD n't_XX know_VVI anything_PN1 about_II Te_AT Kooti_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC I_PPIS1 asked_VVD them_PPHO2 *-_- *1_NULL then_RT ._. ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL My_APPGE mother_NN1 said_VVD ,_, ^_NULL *'_" Oh_UH well_RR ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ too_RG late_RR now_RT ._. ^ **'_" ^_NULL And_CC she_PPHS1 started_VVD telling_VVG me_PPIO1 who_PNQS we_PPIS2 were_VBDR ,_, who_PNQS he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ ._. ^ ^_NULL My_APPGE grandfather_NN1 was_VBDZ there_RL and_CC she_PPHS1 said_VVD ,_, ^_NULL *'_" That_DD1 is_VBZ his_APPGE son_NN1 sitting_VVG over_RL21 there_RL22 ._. ^ **'_" |_NULL ^_NULL He_PPHS1 never_RR talked_VVD about_II Te_AT Kooti_NP1 and_CC never_RR told_VVD us_PPIO2 anything_PN1 about_II him_PPHO1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 must_VM have_VHI been_VBN about_RG fourteen_MC then_RT ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ frightened_JJ *-_- I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ frightened_JJ that_CST someone_PN1 might_VM take_VVI to_II me_PPIO1 because_II21 of_II22 what_DDQ *1_NULL he_PPHS1 *0_NULL did_VDD ._. ^ ^_NULL Except_CS ,_, of_RR21 course_RR22 ,_, some_DD of_IO the_AT big_JJ girls_NN2 and_CC boys_NN2 at_II Manutuke_NP1 school_NN1 :_: there_EX was_VBDZ quite_RR a_DD221 few_DD222 Ringatus_NP1 around_RP at_II that_DD1 time_NNT1 and_CC they_PPHS2 knew_VVD who_PNQS Te_AT Kooti_NP1 was_VBDZ ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 were_VBDR the_AT ones_NN2 that_CST were_VBDR taught_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ n't_XX afraid_JJ of_IO them_PPHO2 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB other_II21 than_II22 that_CST I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 must_VM have_VHI been_VBN very_RG timid_JJ at_II the_AT time_NNT1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT first_MD Twelfth_MD I_PPIS1 went_VVD to_II was_VBDZ after_CS I_PPIS1 left_VVD school_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ taken_VVN by_II old_JJ Tawhi_NP1 Brown_NP1 *-_- \_NULL Mrs_NNB Wi_NP1 Pati_NP1 *-_- and_CC Waioeka_NP1 Brown_NP1 ,_, to_II Takepu_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 went_VVD with_IW Charlotte_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Charlotte_NP1 was_VBDZ their_APPGE favourite_NN1 and_CC she_PPHS1 was_VBDZ the_AT one_PN1 they_PPHS2 used_VMK to_TO take_VVI around_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ because_CS she_PPHS1 wanted_VVD someone_PN1 to_TO go_VVI with_IW her_PPHO1 ,_, they_PPHS2 took_VVD me_PPIO1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Those_DD2 two_MC old_JJ ladies_NN2 *-_- they_PPHS2 knew_VVD all_DB about_II Te_AT Kooti_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Tawhi_NP1 was_VBDZ brought_VVN up_RP by_II him_PPHO1 ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 used_VMK to_TO go_VVI to_II those_DD2 open-air_JJ services_NN2 they_PPHS2 had_VHD at_II Whareongaonga_NP1 ,_, in_II my_APPGE grandfather_NN1 's_VBZ time_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 used_VMK to_TO go_VVI there_RL for_IF a_AT1 Twelfth_MD *-_- they_PPHS2 'd_VM walk_VVI all_DB the_AT way_NN1 *-_- and_CC Tawhi_NP1 was_VBDZ one_MC1 of_IO the_AT very_RG few_DA2 women_NN2 who_PNQS got_VVD there_RL ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 discarded_VVD the_AT ones_NN2 who_PNQS had_VHD n't_XX got_VVN the_AT faith_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 could_VM tell_VVI why_RRQ people_NN wanted_VVD to_TO go_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL If_CS you_PPY have_VH0 faith_NN1 in_II what_DDQ you_PPY do_VD0 ,_, you_PPY 'll_VM do_VDI it_PPH1 !_! ^ ^_NULL That_DD1 power_NN1 the_AT Ringatu_NP1 had_VHD ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ gone_VVN with_IW those_DD2 old_JJ people_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL Waioeka_NP1 was_VBDZ another_DD1 ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 was_VBDZ always_RR talking_VVG to_II my_APPGE grandfather_NN1 ;_; she_PPHS1 was_VBDZ always_RR around_RP to_II my_APPGE grandfather_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 would_VM come_VVI out_RP and_CC have_VHI a_AT1 talk_NN1 with_IW him_PPHO1 ;_; I_PPIS1 do_VD0 n't_XX know_VVI what_DDQ it_PPH1 is_VBZ about_RP ,_, but_CCB she_PPHS1 used_VMK to_TO make_VVI these_DD2 special_JJ trips_NN2 down_RP on_II her_APPGE gig_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 was_VBDZ the_AT one_MC1 ,_, she_PPHS1 knew_VVD all_DB about_II Te_AT Kooti_NP1 and_CC she_PPHS1 knew_VVD all_DB those_DD2 waiatas_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 can_VM tell_VVI you_PPY the_AT history_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Not_XX long_RR after_CS I_PPIS1 left_VVD school_NN1 I_PPIS1 contracted_VVD this_DD1 \_NULL TB_NN1 *-_- I_PPIS1 went_VVD to_TO work_VVI ,_, nursing_VVG in_II the_AT Cook_NN1 hospital_NN1 ,_, straight_RR after_CS I_PPIS1 got_VVD proficiency_NN1 and_CC I_PPIS1 think_VV0 that_DD1 's_VBZ where_RRQ I_PPIS1 must_VM have_VHI got_VVN \_NULL TB_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ in_II hospital_NN1 for_IF about_RG two_MC years_NNT2 ._. ^ ^_NULL When_CS I_PPIS1 came_VVD out_RP ,_, it_PPH1 was_VBDZ Waioeka_NP1 who_PNQS took_VVD me_PPIO1 to_II the_AT water_NN1 ,_, to_TO bless_VVI me_PPIO1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 did_VDD that_DD1 on_II a_AT1 cold_JJ morning_NNT1 ,_, too_RR !_! ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 have_VH0 never_RR forgotten_VVN the_AT cold_JJ morning_NNT1 !_! ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 walk_VV0 you_PPY in_II there_RL and_CC ,_, well_RR I_PPIS1 remember_VV0 this_DD1 for_IF myself_PPX1 ,_, they_PPHS2 just_RR sort_RR21 of_RR22 dump_VV0 you_PPY in_RP and_CC out_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL As_CS31 long_CS32 as_CS33 your_APPGE head_NN1 is_VBZ covered_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL Or_CC throw_VV0 you_PPY backwards_RL ,_, that_DD1 way_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Waioeka_NP1 took_VVD me_PPIO1 to_II Mahia_NP1 ;_; it_PPH1 must_VM have_VHI been_VBN the_AT first_MD Twelfth_MD after_CS I_PPIS1 came_VVD out_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL Or_CC ,_, it_PPH1 could_VM have_VHI been_VBN a_AT1 January_NPM1 ,_, because_CS there_EX was_VBDZ such_DA a_AT1 lot_NN of_IO people_NN there_RL ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ quite_RR a_DD221 few_DD222 who_PNQS were_VBDR sick_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Those_DD2 old_JJ people_NN ,_, they_PPHS2 heard_VVD I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ coming_VVG out_RP and_CC they_PPHS2 just_RR picked_VVD me_PPIO1 up_RP and_CC took_VVD me_PPIO1 !_! ^ ^_NULL Though_CS I_PPIS1 think_VV0 it_PPH1 was_VBDZ with_IW Mum_NN1 's_VBZ consent_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 do_VD0 n't_XX think_VVI she_PPHS1 would_VM let_VVI me_PPIO1 go_NN1 ,_, seeing_CS I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ just_RR out_II21 of_II22 hospital_NN1 ;_; she_PPHS1 must_VM have_VHI been_VBN there_RL ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 remember_VV0 I_PPIS1 only_RR had_VHD a_AT1 singlet_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Mother_NN1 ,_, or_CC somebody_PN1 ,_, put_VVD a_AT1 blanket_NN1 on_II me_PPIO1 and_CC we_PPIS2 went_VVD in_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC that_DD1 was_VBDZ all_DB I_PPIS1 had_VHD ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC out_RP !_! ^ ^_NULL The_AT tohunga_NN1 was_VBDZ an_AT1 old_JJ blind_JJ man_NN1 ,_, and_CC there_EX was_VBDZ a_AT1 lot_NN of_IO people_NN from_II all_RR over_RP *-_- so_CS I_PPIS1 think_VV0 it_PPH1 could_VM have_VHI been_VBN a_AT1 very_RG important_JJ Ringatu_NP1 meeting_NN1 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 199+TEXT+G12_FO **]_NULL ^ *<_NULL *5_NULL Introduction_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *2_NULL LIKE_II *0_NULL a_DD231 good_DD232 many_DD233 other_JJ stories_NN2 ,_, this_DD1 collection_NN1 of_IO hunting_NN1 yarns_NN2 did_VDD not_XX start_VVI out_RP as_II an_AT1 attempt_NN1 to_TO write_VVI a_AT1 book_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Rather_RR ,_, it_PPH1 grew_VVD out_II21 of_II22 an_AT1 idea_NN1 implanted_VVD in_II my_APPGE mind_NN1 some_DD years_NNT2 ago_RA by_II my_APPGE mother_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Coming_VVG as_CSA I_PPIS1 do_VD0 from_II a_AT1 family_NN of_IO seven_MC boys_NN2 and_CC one_MC1 girl_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 becomes_VVZ quite_RR a_AT1 time-consuming_JJ business_NN1 keeping_VVG in_II31 touch_II32 with_II33 the_AT whole_JJ clan_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Never_RR having_VHG been_VBN one_PN1 for_IF writing_VVG frequently_RR ,_, any_DD letters_NN2 I_PPIS1 did_VDD write_VVI were_VBDR passed_VVN on_II21 to_II22 various_JJ brothers_NN2 ,_, uncles_NN2 ,_, cousins_NN2 and_RR31 so_RR32 on_RR33 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL When_CS letter-writing_JJ time_NNT1 came_VVD around_RG I_PPIS1 would_VM invariably_RR sit_VVI chewing_VVG the_AT end_NN1 of_IO my_APPGE pen_NN1 ,_, wondering_VVG what_DDQ on_II earth_NN1 I_PPIS1 could_VM write_VVI that_DD1 would_VM be_VBI of_IO interest_NN1 to_II the_AT folk_NN2 at_II home_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL So_RR ,_, on_II a_AT1 couple_NN1 of_IO occasions_NN2 I_PPIS1 related_VVD what_DDQ had_VHD happened_VVN up_RP in_II the_AT bush_NN1 the_AT previous_JJ weekend_NNT1 ,_, trying_VVG to_TO convey_VVI by_II post_NN1 all_DB the_AT excitement_NN1 of_IO the_AT chase_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL To_TO conjure_VVI up_RP the_AT right_JJ atmosphere_NN1 was_VBDZ quite_RR an_AT1 effort_NN1 ,_, but_CCB the_AT end_NN1 result_NN1 was_VBDZ apparently_RR successful_JJ as_CSA my_APPGE mum_NN1 wrote_VVD back_RP a_RR21 little_RR22 later_RRR to_TO say_VVI how_RGQ much_DA1 the_AT family_NN at_II home_NN1 had_VHD enjoyed_VVN it_PPH1 all_DB ._. ^ |_NULL *"_" ^_NULL Why_RRQ do_VD0 n't_XX you_PPY try_VVI writing_VVG a_AT1 book_NN1 about_II your_APPGE experiences_NN2 one_MC1 day_NNT1 ?_? **"_" she_PPHS1 suggested_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL So_RR the_AT seed_NN1 was_VBDZ planted_VVN and_CC the_AT thing_NN1 has_VHZ grown_VVN from_II there_RL ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL To_TO be_VBI honest_JJ I_PPIS1 got_VVD almost_RR as_RG much_DA1 fun_NN1 out_II21 of_II22 writing_VVG the_AT story_NN1 as_CSA I_PPIS1 did_VDD out_II21 of_II22 the_AT actual_JJ chase_NN1 ,_, recalling_VVG the_AT thrill_NN1 of_IO it_PPH1 as_CSA it_PPH1 happened_VVD and_CC living_VVG again_RT the_AT moment-by-moment_JJ expectation_NN1 of_IO that_DD1 first_MD electrifying_JJ bark_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL At_II the_AT very_JJ outset_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 would_VM like_VVI to_TO get_VVI one_MC1 thing_NN1 very_RG clear_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II no_AT way_NN1 am_RA I_PPIS1 setting_VVG myself_PPX1 up_RP as_CSA ,_, or_CC indeed_RR do_VD0 I_PPIS1 imagine_VVI myself_PPX1 to_TO be_VBI ,_, New_NP Zealand_NP1 's_GE best_JJT hunter_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX are_VBR any_DD number_NN1 of_IO chaps_NN2 ,_, and_CC I_PPIS1 know_VV0 a_DD221 few_DD222 ,_, who_PNQS have_VH0 been_VBN at_II the_AT game_NN1 longer_RRR than_CSN I_PPIS1 have_VH0 ._. ^ ^_NULL Chaps_NN2 who_PNQS have_VH0 caught_VVN bigger_JJR ,_, better_RRR and_CC considerably_RR more_DAR pigs_NN2 than_CSN myself_PPX1 ,_, and_CC who_PNQS therefore_RR would_VM know_VVI a_AT1 sight_NN1 more_RRR about_II the_AT whole_JJ scene_NN1 than_CSN I_PPIS1 do_VD0 ._. ^ ^_NULL At_II the_AT same_DA time_NNT1 ,_, however_RR ,_, I_PPIS1 have_VH0 had_VHN a_AT1 lot_NN of_IO fun_NN1 over_II the_AT past_NN1 10_MC or_CC 11_MC years_NNT2 and_CC managed_VVN to_II bag_NN1 my_APPGE fair_JJ share_NN1 of_IO bigger_JJR boars_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC so_CS I_PPIS1 simply_RR relate_VV0 what_DDQ I_PPIS1 have_VH0 done_VDN *-_- the_AT things_NN2 I_PPIS1 have_VH0 observed_VVN *-_- for_IF others_NN2 less_RGR fortunate_JJ than_CSN myself_PPX1 to_TO share_VVI ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL All_DB the_AT stories_NN2 are_VBR true_JJ in_II essence_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL That_REX21 is_REX22 ,_, when_CS I_PPIS1 say_VV0 a_AT1 pig_NN1 weighed_VVD 133_MC pounds_NN2 ,_, it_PPH1 was_VBDZ just_RR exactly_RR that_DD1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT only_JJ one_PN1 not_XX weighed_VVN was_VBDZ the_AT one_PN1 I_PPIS1 call_VV0 the_AT *"_" biggest_JJT boar_NN1 **"_" and_CC the_AT 330_MC pounds_NN2 is_VBZ simply_RR a_AT1 guesstimate_NN1 !_! ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT descriptions_NN2 of_IO scenery_NN1 are_VBR fairly_RR accurate_JJ ,_, though_CS on_II trying_VVG to_TO remember_VVI back_RP a_DD221 few_DD222 years_NNT2 to_II various_JJ hunts_NN2 I_PPIS1 can_VM not_XX accurately_RR recall_VVI such_DA details_NN2 as_II the_AT direction_NN1 of_IO the_AT wind_NN1 ,_, the_AT exact_JJ time_NNT1 of_IO day_NNT1 ,_, or_CC whether_CSW it_PPH1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 pukatea_NN1 tree_NN1 or_CC a_AT1 rimu_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Even_CS21 though_CS22 I_PPIS1 have_VH0 used_VVN my_APPGE imagination_NN1 in_II these_DD2 areas_NN2 ,_, a_AT1 good_JJ number_NN1 of_IO details_NN2 are_VBR still_RR nevertheless_RR exact_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Where_CS the_AT pigs_NN2 ran_VVD ,_, who_PNQS found_VVD and_CC caught_VVD them_PPHO2 ,_, and_CC the_AT excitement_NN1 and_CC danger_NN1 are_VBR all_DB indelibly_RR etched_VVD on_II my_APPGE mind_NN1 ;_; as_CSA are_VBR the_AT peculiarities_NN2 of_IO nature_NN1 and_CC temperament_NN1 ,_, the_AT big_JJ brown_JJ eyes_NN2 ,_, and_CC the_AT wagging_JJ tails_NN2 of_IO all_DB my_APPGE dogs_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL To_II me_PPIO1 the_AT companionship_NN1 ,_, the_AT faithfulness_NN1 ,_, the_AT reliability_NN1 and_CC the_AT abject_JJ devotion_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 my_APPGE *"_" mates_NN2 **"_" ,_, the_AT real_JJ hunters_NN2 ,_, is_VBZ what_DDQ it_PPH1 is_VBZ all_DB about_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL My_APPGE one_MC1 and_CC only_JJ Bing_NP1 is_VBZ gone_VVN now_RT ,_, although_CS I_PPIS1 can_VM still_RR see_VVI his_APPGE quick_JJ sidelong_JJ glance_NN1 ,_, questioning_VVG ,_, as_CSA he_PPHS1 sizes_VVZ up_RP a_AT1 tame_JJ pig_NN1 ._. ^ *"_" ^_NULL Can_VM I_PPIS1 have_VHI a_AT1 go_NN1 boss_NN1 ,_, can_VM I_PPIS1 ?_? **"_" ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Then_RT there_EX was_VBDZ Mo_NP1 ,_, hurt_VVN by_II a_AT1 pig_NN1 ,_, who_PNQS died_VVD under_II a_AT1 strainer_NN1 post_II a_AT1 short_JJ way_NN1 above_II the_AT farmer_NN1 's_VBZ house_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Almost_RR made_VVD it_PPH1 back_RP but_CCB not_XX quite_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL Lying_VVG there_RL ,_, was_VBDZ he_PPHS1 waiting_VVG for_IF me_PPIO1 to_TO come_VVI for_IF him_PPHO1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL Though_CS I_PPIS1 searched_VVD and_CC searched_VVD ,_, I_PPIS1 found_VVD him_PPHO1 too_RG late_JJ and_CC even_RR now_RT the_AT remembering_NN1 brings_VVZ a_AT1 lump_NN1 to_II my_APPGE throat_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL And_CC what_DDQ of_IO the_AT others_NN2 ?_? ^ ^_NULL To_II me_PPIO1 they_PPHS2 were_VBDR small_JJ black_JJ puppies_NN2 with_IW soft_JJ trusting_JJ eyes_NN2 ,_, growing_VVG up_RP to_TO become_VVI pig_NN1 dogs_NN2 ,_, and_CC sooner_RRR or_CC later_RRR going_VVG the_AT way_NN1 of_IO all_DB the_AT earth_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL To_II you_PPY they_PPHS2 would_VM be_VBI simply_RR names_VVZ so_CS I_PPIS1 will_VM not_XX bore_VVI you_PPY with_IW any_DD more_DAR ._. ^ ^_NULL Suffice_VV0 it_PPH1 to_TO say_VVI that_CST I_PPIS1 know_VV0 a_AT1 girl_NN1 ,_, who_PNQS worked_VVD as_II a_AT1 vet_NN1 's_VBZ assistant_JJ down_II Coromandel_NP1 way_NN1 ,_, who_PNQS has_VHZ seen_VVN quite_RR a_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO big_JJ tough_JJ pig_NN1 hunters_NN2 shedding_VVG tears_NN2 over_II lost_JJ or_CC dead_JJ dogs_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 dare_VM say_VVI nearly_RR all_DB of_IO us_PPIO2 have_VH0 at_II some_DD time_NNT1 or_CC other_NN1 had_VHD a_AT1 dog_NN1 succumb_NN1 to_II the_AT savagery_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 irate_JJ boar_NN1 and_CC therefore_RR understand_VV0 when_RRQ it_PPH1 comes_VVZ a_AT1 mate_NN1 's_VBZ turn_NN1 to_TO say_VVI goodbye_NN1 to_II old_JJ Patch_NN1 ,_, Blue_JJ or_CC Curlie_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 would_VM like_VVI here_RL to_TO echo_VVI the_AT sentiments_NN2 expressed_VVN by_II Ken_NP1 Cuthbertson_NP1 who_PNQS wrote_VVD in_II his_APPGE book_NN1 *1_NULL Pig-hunting_NN1 in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 *0_NULL *"_" the_AT more_RRR I_PPIS1 see_VV0 of_IO human_JJ nature_NN1 the_AT more_RRR I_PPIS1 love_VV0 my_APPGE dogs_NN2 **"_" ._. ^ *|_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 would_VM like_VVI to_TO express_VVI my_APPGE appreciation_NN1 for_IF the_AT way_NN1 my_APPGE wife_NN1 has_VHZ put_VVN up_RP with_IW all_DB that_DD1 being_VBG a_AT1 pig_NN1 hunter_NN1 's_VBZ wife_NN1 entails_VVZ for_IF all_DB these_DD2 years_NNT2 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX has_VHZ been_VBN no_AT end_NN1 of_IO dirty_JJ ,_, blood-soaked_JJ clothing_NN1 to_TO wash_VVI and_CC always_RR the_AT need_NN1 to_TO provide_VVI clean_JJ ,_, dry_JJ gear_NN1 for_IF me_PPIO1 to_TO put_VVI on_RP when_CS coming_VVG home_RL ._. ^ ^_NULL Very_RG peculiar_JJ hours_NNT2 have_VH0 been_VBN endured_VVN too_RR ,_, while_CS she_PPHS1 has_VHZ often_RR had_VHN to_TO feed_VVI the_AT dogs_NN2 for_IF me_PPIO1 ,_, or_CC sigh_VV0 resignedly_RR as_CSA I_PPIS1 brought_VVD a_AT1 dog_NN1 inside_RL onto_II the_AT lino_NN1 for_IF an_AT1 *"_" operation_NN1 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 know_VV0 it_PPH1 has_VHZ not_XX always_RR been_VBN easy_JJ to_TO adjust_VVI family_NN outings_NN2 ,_, meetings_NN2 ,_, get-togethers_VVZ ,_, shopping_VVG forays_NN2 and_CC such_DA like_JJ to_II the_AT hunting_NN1 schedule_VV0 either_DD1 ,_, but_CCB rarely_RR has_VHZ she_PPHS1 been_VBN known_VVN to_TO complain_VVI ._. ^ (_( ^_NULL Possibly_RR she_PPHS1 has_VHZ remembered_VVN the_AT story_NN1 of_IO the_AT new_JJ bridegroom_NN1 whose_DDQGE horse_NN1 played_VVD up_RP on_II the_AT honeymoon_NN1 and_CC was_VBDZ shot_VVN after_II the_AT third_MD misdemeanour_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Knowing_VVG how_RGQ fond_JJ I_PPIS1 am_VBM of_IO my_APPGE gun_NN1 she_PPHS1 is_VBZ probably_RR too_RG scared_JJ to_TO complain_VVI more_RR21 than_RR22 twice_RR ._. )_) ^ |_NULL ^_NULL What_DDQ is_VBZ most_RGT pleasing_JJ is_VBZ the_AT way_NN1 Olive_NP1 always_RR takes_VVZ a_AT1 keen_JJ interest_NN1 in_II what_DDQ I_PPIS1 have_VH0 caught_VVN ,_, especially_RR when_RRQ I_PPIS1 have_VH0 been_VBN lucky_JJ enough_RR to_TO bring_VVI home_RL something_PN1 big_JJ and_CC ferocious-looking_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Just_RR between_II you_PPY and_CC me_PPIO1 ,_, though_CS ,_, I_PPIS1 somehow_RR suspect_NN1 she_PPHS1 will_VM be_VBI glad_JJ the_AT day_NNT1 she_PPHS1 can_VM truly_RR say_VVI :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL *"_" ^_NULL Home_RL is_VBZ the_AT sailor_NN1 ,_, home_RL from_II the_AT sea_NN1 ,_, |_NULL and_CC the_AT hunter_NN1 home_RL from_II the_AT hills_NN2 **"_" ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL A_AT1 very_RG special_JJ word_NN1 of_IO thanks_NN2 is_VBZ due_II21 to_II22 Pamela_NP1 Carr_NP1 ,_, my_APPGE sister-in-law_NN1 ,_, who_PNQS has_VHZ spent_VVN many_DA2 hours_NNT2 painstakingly_RR deciphering_VVG my_APPGE longhand_NN1 and_CC typing_VVG the_AT manuscript_NN1 for_IF me_PPIO1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Her_APPGE husband_NN1 ,_, Warren_NP1 ,_, did_VDD a_AT1 lot_NN of_IO the_AT proof-reading_NN1 and_CC deciphering_VVG as_RR21 well_RR22 ._. ^ ^_NULL To_II them_PPHO2 both_RR I_PPIS1 am_VBM much_RR indebted_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL To_II Carol_NP1 and_CC Neville_NP1 Frear_NP1 ,_, many_DA2 thanks_NN2 for_IF allowing_VVG me_PPIO1 to_TO use_VVI so_RG many_DA2 fine_JJ photographs_NN2 which_DDQ tell_VV0 the_AT story_NN1 so_RG much_RR better_RRR than_CSN I_PPIS1 can_VM ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II31 conjunction_II32 with_II33 these_DD2 I_PPIS1 must_VM mention_VVI the_AT fine_JJ work_NN1 done_VDN for_IF me_PPIO1 by_II Jim_NP1 Tolmie_NP1 of_IO Taradale_NP1 ,_, Totara_NP1 North_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL As_CSA most_DAT of_IO the_AT photos_NN2 ,_, taken_VVN by_II Carol_NP1 and_CC Neville_NP1 Frear_NP1 ,_, were_VBDR in_II colour_NN1 ,_, these_DD2 had_VHD to_TO be_VBI converted_VVN to_II black_JJ and_CC white_JJ for_IF inclusion_NN1 in_II this_DD1 book_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ extremely_RR hard_JJ to_TO do_VDI ,_, requiring_VVG much_DA1 patience_NN1 and_CC fine_JJ judgement_NN1 in_II a_AT1 variety_NN1 of_IO ways_NN2 and_CC I_PPIS1 count_VV0 myself_PPX1 fortunate_JJ indeed_RR to_TO have_VHI a_AT1 cousin_NN1 whose_DDQGE ability_NN1 has_VHZ produced_VVN such_DA excellent_JJ results_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 am_VBM also_RR very_RG pleased_JJ to_TO be_VBI able_JJ to_TO include_VVI the_AT illustrations_NN2 of_IO Wayne_NP1 Barnett_NP1 of_IO Kaeo_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL To_II my_APPGE mind_NN1 the_AT drawings_NN2 really_RR set_VVD the_AT book_NN1 off_RP magnificently_RR and_CC seem_VV0 to_TO bring_VVI alive_JJ the_AT scene_NN1 of_IO hunting_NN1 and_CC dogs_NN2 in_II a_AT1 real_JJ way_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL But_CCB it_PPH1 is_VBZ to_II my_APPGE daughter_NN1 ,_, Evelyn_NP1 ,_, that_CST I_PPIS1 fondly_RR dedicate_VV0 this_DD1 book_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL My_APPGE companion_NN1 in_II the_AT bush_NN1 most_DAT winter_NNT1 weekends_NNT2 for_IF three_MC or_CC four_MC years_NNT2 ,_, she_PPHS1 was_VBDZ about_II the_AT grandest_JJT *"_" sidekick_NN1 **"_" a_AT1 bloke_NN1 could_VM wish_VVI for_IF ._. ^ ^_NULL Having_VHG someone_PN1 at_II home_NN1 who_PNQS could_VM genuinely_RR relate_VVI to_II the_AT thrill_NN1 of_IO the_AT chase_NN1 in_II its_APPGE retelling_NN1 ,_, and_CC whose_DDQGE love_NN1 for_IF the_AT dogs_NN2 was_VBDZ authentic_JJ and_CC real_JJ (_( in_II other_JJ words_NN2 ,_, another_DD1 hunter_NN1 )_) was_VBDZ indeed_RR a_AT1 much_RR treasured_JJ boon_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Up_RP and_CC away_RL before_II dawn_NNT1 with_IW those_DD2 cheese_NN1 and_CC onion_NN1 sandwiches_NN2 in_II the_AT pikau_NN1 was_VBDZ regular_JJ fare_NN1 for_IF Evelyn_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_RP with_IW the_AT knife_NN1 ,_, doing_VDG her_APPGE share_NN1 of_IO the_AT gutting_NN1 and_CC butchering_VVG ;_; carrying_VVG a_AT1 wounded_JJ dog_NN1 ;_; playing_VVG bulldozer_NN1 ahead_II21 of_II22 dad_NN1 ;_; toting_VVG the_AT rifle_NN1 ;_; feeding_VVG the_AT dogs_NN2 were_VBDR all_DB part_NN1 of_IO the_AT job_NN1 she_PPHS1 did_VDD so_CS splendidly_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL Cutting_VVG up_RP dead_JJ cows_NN2 for_IF dog_NN1 tucker_NN1 *-_- yuk_UH *-_- what_DDQ a_AT1 pong_NN1 !_! ^ ^_NULL If_CS I_PPIS1 had_VHD to_TO be_VBI away_RP ,_, she_PPHS1 would_VM skin_NN1 and_CC pack_VV0 away_RP the_AT pork_NN1 quite_RG competently_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 is_VBZ the_AT only_JJ genuine_JJ lady_NN1 hunter_NN1 I_PPIS1 know_VV0 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Sadly_NP1 ,_, it_PPH1 all_DB came_VVD to_II an_AT1 end_NN1 when_RRQ she_PPHS1 was_VBDZ about_RG sixteen_MC or_CC seventeen_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL I_MC1 suspect_NN1 she_PPHS1 became_VVD more_RGR interested_JJ in_II boy_NN1 hunting_NN1 than_CSN pig_NN1 hunting_NN1 ,_, and_CC she_PPHS1 eventually_RR found_VVD herself_PPX1 one_MC1 ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 is_VBZ married_JJ now_RT ,_, but_CCB still_RR loves_VVZ to_TO yarn_VVI pigs_NN2 and_CC dogs_NN2 when_CS coming_VVG home_RL to_TO visit_VVI from_RR41 time_RR42 to_RR43 time_RR44 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 must_VM also_RR give_VVI special_JJ mention_NN1 to_II my_APPGE mates_NN2 of_IO nowadays_RT and_CC yesteryear_NN1 *-_- Mark_NP1 and_CC Seg_NP1 ;_; Phillip_NP1 and_CC Graeme_NP1 ;_; Kelly_NP1 ,_, Smithy_NP1 and_CC Rex_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX are_VBR others_NN2 too_RR with_IW whom_PNQO the_AT great_JJ outdoors_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN a_AT1 place_NN1 of_IO fun_NN1 ,_, danger_NN1 and_CC excitement_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL All_DB have_VH0 helped_VVN in_II untold_JJ ways_NN2 to_TO make_VVI each_DD1 hunt_NN1 a_AT1 memorable_JJ one_PN1 *-_- that_DD1 time_NNT1 we_PPIS2 caught_VVD that_CST black_JJ and_CC white_JJ ,_, ginger-spotty_JJ pig_NN1 *"_" way_NN1 back_NN1 **"_" ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 especially_RR offer_VV0 this_DD1 book_NN1 to_II all_DB those_DD2 who_PNQS would_VM love_VVI to_TO hunt_VVI but_RR who_PNQS ,_, through_II circumstances_NN2 and_CC lot_NN in_II life_NN1 ,_, are_VBR unable_JJ to_TO ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 suspect_VV0 many_DA2 young_JJ fellas_NN2 in_II the_AT city_NN1 would_VM enjoy_VVI an_AT1 outing_NN1 in_II the_AT scrub_NN1 ,_, following_VVG the_AT dogs_NN2 ,_, but_CCB various_JJ things_NN2 do_VD0 not_XX allow_VVI this_DD1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Perhaps_RR in_II the_AT reading_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 yarns_NN2 these_DD2 men_NN2 can_VM identify_VVI with_IW the_AT author_NN1 and_CC be_VBI there_RL in_II spirit_NN1 *-_- up_RP in_II the_AT hills_NN2 and_CC enjoying_VVG the_AT thrill_NN1 of_IO it_PPH1 all_DB ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL On_II reading_VVG back_RP over_II some_DD of_IO what_DDQ I_PPIS1 have_VH0 written_VVN ,_, I_PPIS1 seem_VV0 to_TO jump_VVI all_RR over_II the_AT place_NN1 on_II various_JJ topics_NN2 but_CCB trust_VV0 you_PPY will_VM excuse_VVI this_DD1 of_IO me_PPIO1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 generally_RR jot_VV0 down_RP what_DDQ is_VBZ on_II my_APPGE mind_NN1 at_II the_AT time_NNT1 before_CS I_PPIS1 forget_VV0 ._. ^ *<_NULL *5_NULL A_AT1 pig_NN1 hunter_NN1 is_VBZ born_VVN *>_NULL ^ *<_NULL 1960_MC to_II 1974_MC *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *2_NULL SOME_DD *0_NULL forty_MC odd_JJ years_NNT2 ago_RA there_EX was_VBDZ a_AT1 hunter_NN1 who_PNQS ,_, according_II21 to_II22 one_MC1 particular_JJ farmer_NN1 who_PNQS knew_VVD him_PPHO1 fairly_RR well_RR ,_, caught_VVD more_DAR pigs_NN2 than_CSN all_RR the_AT other_JJ hunters_NN2 in_II the_AT north_ND1 put_VVD together_RL ._. ^ ^_NULL Now_CS21 that_CS22 is_VBZ probably_RR some_DD exaggeration_NN1 ,_, although_CS it_PPH1 does_VDZ convey_VVI the_AT idea_NN1 that_CST Monty_NP1 Foster_NP1 laid_VVD low_RR a_AT1 fair_JJ swag_NN1 of_IO pigs_NN2 in_II his_APPGE time_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Fifty-three_MC big_JJ boars_NN2 in_II three_MC months_NNT2 was_VBDZ one_MC1 particular_JJ run_NN1 of_IO luck_NN1 he_PPHS1 had_VHD ._. ^ ^_NULL Walking_JJ miles_NNU2 to_TO work_VVI every_AT1 day_NNT1 through_II the_AT bush_NN1 to_II the_AT sawmill_NN1 gave_VVD him_PPHO1 the_AT ideal_JJ opportunity_NN1 to_TO tot_VVI up_RP such_DA a_AT1 score_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX were_VBDR others_NN2 too_RG *-_- lucky_JJ blighter_NN1 !_! ^ ^_NULL Those_DD2 surely_RR were_VBDR the_AT days_NNT2 ._. ^ ^_NULL His_APPGE sons_NN2 ,_, Andrew_NP1 and_CC Trevor_NP1 ,_, took_VVD up_RP the_AT reins_NN2 and_CC inherited_VVD the_AT dogs_NN2 even_RR before_II Mont_NP1 had_VHD finally_RR given_VVN it_PPH1 away_RP and_CC were_VBDR invariably_RR *"_" up_RP the_AT bush_NN1 **"_" whenever_RRQV the_AT opportunity_NN1 allowed_VVD ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 met_VVD Andrew_NP1 and_CC Trevor_NP1 about_RG 1960_MC and_CC over_II the_AT next_MD few_DA2 years_NNT2 tagged_VVD along_RP now_RT and_CC then_RT to_TO see_VVI how_RRQ it_PPH1 was_VBDZ done_VDN ._. ^ ^_NULL To_TO be_VBI honest_JJ ,_, their_APPGE sister_NN1 was_VBDZ the_AT real_JJ attraction_NN1 ,_, the_AT pig_NN1 hunting_NN1 only_RR providing_VVG an_AT1 excuse_NN1 to_TO visit_VVI the_AT Foster_JJ homestead_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 got_VVD married_JJ a_AT1 while_NNT1 later_RRR and_CC moved_VVD away_RP ,_, so_CS for_IF a_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO years_NNT2 inexpediency_NN1 relegated_VVD hunting_NN1 to_II a_AT1 very_RG minor_JJ and_CC infrequent_JJ role_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Going_VVGK to_TO live_VVI at_II Totara_NP1 North_NP1 in_II 1969_MC ,_, I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ back_RP in_II pig_NN1 country_NN1 once_RR21 more_RR22 and_CC kept_VVD pestering_VVG Mont_NP1 ,_, Trevor_NP1 and_CC Andrew_NP1 for_IF pig_NN1 yarns_NN2 ,_, and_CC for_IF advice_NN1 on_II dogs_NN2 ,_, on_II where_RRQ to_TO hunt_VVI ,_, and_RR31 so_RR32 on_RR33 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 remember_VV0 Mont_NP1 saying_VVG his_APPGE preference_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 hunting_NN1 dog_NN1 was_VBDZ either_RR a_AT1 boxer-labrador_JJ cross_NN1 or_CC a_AT1 hard-heeling_JJ cattle_NN2 dog_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Per_II chance_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 glanced_VVD in_II the_AT paper_NN1 one_MC1 Saturday_NPD1 in_II 1974_MC and_CC saw_VVD that_CST someone_PN1 had_VHD two_MC box-lab_JJ puppies_NN2 to_TO give_VVI away_RP to_II a_AT1 kind_NN1 home_RL ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ also_RR a_AT1 Doberman-boxer_JJ bitch_NN1 puppy_NN1 for_IF sale_NN1 for_IF five_MC dollars_NNU2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT telephone_NN1 was_VBDZ grabbed_VVN ,_, a_AT1 toll_NN1 call_NN1 put_VVD through_RP to_II my_APPGE parents_NN2 in_II Papakura_NP1 ,_, and_CC I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ the_AT proud_JJ owner_NN1 of_IO three_MC potential_JJ pig_NN1 dogs_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 trip_NN1 to_II Auckland_NP1 the_AT following_JJ weekend_NNT1 was_VBDZ organised_VVN and_CC there_RL they_PPHS2 were_VBDR *-_- three_MC black_JJ ,_, roly-poly_JJ ,_, six-week-old_JJ pups_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Names_NN2 were_VBDR dished_VVN out_RP on_II the_AT spot_NN1 and_CC they_PPHS2 became_VVD Skipper_NP1 ,_, Nigger_NP1 and_CC Sue_NP1 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 200+TEXT+G13_FO **]_NULL ^ *<_NULL *2_NULL NIGEL_NP1 TAYLOR_NP1 TALKS_VVZ ..._... ^ *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL In_II September_NPM1 of_IO 1983_MC when_RRQ Digby_NP1 first_MD asked_VVD me_PPIO1 if_CS I_PPIS1 'd_VM like_VVI to_TO become_VVI involved_JJ in_II a_ZZ1 maxi_NN2 for_IF the_AT 1985/_FO 86_MC Whitbread_NP1 my_APPGE thoughts_NN2 went_VVD back_RP to_II the_AT *1_NULL Outward_RL Bound_JJ *0_NULL campaign_NN1 and_CC the_AT two_MC years_NNT2 of_IO behind-the-scenes_NN2 work_VV0 ,_, the_AT dramas_NN2 and_CC pressures_NN2 of_IO being_VBG involved_JJ in_II a_ZZ1 round_II the_AT world_NN1 yacht_NN1 race_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL At_II the_AT time_NNT1 of_IO *1_NULL Outward_RL Bound_VVN ,_, *0_NULL I_PPIS1 had_VHD a_AT1 young_JJ family_NN and_CC a_AT1 particularly_RR volatile_JJ business_NN1 which_DDQ at_II times_NNT2 took_VVD the_AT back_RP seat_NN1 behind_II the_AT requirements_NN2 of_IO running_VVG a_AT1 yacht_NN1 around_II the_AT world_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL So_RR when_RRQ Digby_NP1 approached_VVD me_PPIO1 this_DD1 time_NNT1 ,_, the_AT family_NN had_VHD got_VVN bigger_JJR ,_, the_AT business_NN1 explosive_JJ and_CC I_PPIS1 just_RR could_VM n't_XX see_VVI myself_PPX1 getting_VVG involved_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL As_II the_AT weeks_NNT2 went_VVD by_RP I_PPIS1 found_VVD myself_PPX1 thinking_VVG about_II Digby_NP1 's_GE proposition_NN1 and_CC memories_NN2 of_IO *1_NULL Outward_RL Bound_VVN would_VM spring_VVI to_TO mind_VVI ,_, like_II that_DD1 memorable_JJ night_NNT1 in_II December_NPM1 1981_MC when_CS *1_NULL Outward_RL Bound_VV0 *0_NULL arrived_VVN in_II Auckland_NP1 ,_, not_XX well_RR placed_VVN on_II the_AT end_NN1 of_IO the_AT second_MD leg_NN1 but_CCB coming_VVG home_RL in_II the_AT early_JJ hours_NNT2 of_IO the_AT morning_NNT1 to_II a_AT1 welcome_NN1 that_CST no-one_PN1 who_PNQS was_VBDZ there_EX will_VM ever_RR forget_VVI ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Or_CC the_AT night_NNT1 at_II the_AT Royal_JJ Akarana_NP1 Radio_NN1 Room_NN1 when_RRQ we_PPIS2 made_VVD contact_NN1 with_IW Digby_NP1 for_IF the_AT first_MD time_NNT1 in_II nine_MC days_NNT2 as_CSA they_PPHS2 battled_VVD across_II the_AT lower_JJR reaches_NN2 of_IO the_AT Southern_NP1 Ocean_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 had_VHD all_RR started_VVN to_TO become_VVI quite_RG concerned_JJ for_IF their_APPGE safety_NN1 when_RRQ the_AT faint_JJ crackles_NN2 of_IO *1_NULL Outward_RL Bound_VVN 's_VBZ *0_NULL call_NN1 sign_NN1 came_VVD through_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL After_CS a_AT1 brief_JJ passing_NN1 of_IO news_NN1 Digby_NP1 's_GE final_JJ words_NN2 in_II ending_VVG his_APPGE first_MD outside_JJ communication_NN1 for_IF over_RG a_AT1 week_NNT1 were_VBDR ,_, ^_NULL *"_" It_PPH1 's_VBZ great_JJ to_TO know_VVI there_RL 's_VBZ still_RR somebody_PN1 else_RR out_RP there_RL ._. **"_" ^ ^_NULL Or_CC the_AT emotion_NN1 of_IO talking_VVG to_II the_AT boys_NN2 as_CSA they_PPHS2 sailed_VVD the_AT last_MD miles_NNU2 up_RP the_AT Solent_NP1 to_II the_AT finish_NN1 line_NN1 in_II May_NPM1 1982_MC to_II fifth_MD overall_NN1 and_CC winner_NN1 of_IO the_AT Small_JJ Boat_NN1 Trophy_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL As_CSA is_VBZ so_RG often_RR the_AT case_NN1 when_CS you_PPY weigh_VV0 up_RP the_AT pros_NN2 and_CC cons_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 project_NN1 and_CC you_PPY keep_VV0 telling_VVG yourself_PPX1 you_PPY have_VH0 n't_XX got_VVN the_AT time_NNT1 to_TO get_VVI involved_JJ and_CC how_RRQ it_PPH1 's_VBZ going_VVGK to_TO have_VHI a_AT1 negative_JJ effect_NN1 on_II everything_PN1 else_RR you_PPY are_VBR doing_VDG ,_, niggling_JJ away_RL at_II you_PPY is_VBZ the_AT prospect_NN1 of_IO the_AT excitement_NN1 and_CC challenge_NN1 that_CST you_PPY could_VM be_VBI part_NN1 of_IO ._. ^ ^_NULL So_RR it_PPH1 was_VBDZ forget_VV0 the_AT bad_JJ times_NNT2 and_CC run_VVN with_IW the_AT good_JJ and_CC before_CS I_PPIS1 knew_VVD it_PPH1 I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ off_RP to_II Te_AT Awamutu_NP1 for_IF the_AT first_MD major_JJ step_NN1 in_II funding_VVG the_AT project_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT *1_NULL Enterprise_NN1 *0_NULL Project_NN1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 completely_RR different_JJ ball_NN1 game_NN1 to_II the_AT *1_NULL Outward_RL Bound_JJ *0_NULL campaign_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ the_AT sheer_JJ size_NN1 of_IO the_AT project_NN1 in_II every_AT1 respect_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ n't_XX just_RR that_CST the_AT yacht_NN1 was_VBDZ 30_MC feet_NN2 longer_RRR ,_, but_CCB the_AT hugely_RR increased_JJ volume_NN1 that_CST required_VVD a_AT1 massive_JJ workforce_NN1 to_TO cover_VVI the_AT numerous_JJ details_NN2 involved_JJ in_II putting_VVG a_ZZ1 maxi_NN2 together_RL ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Considering_CS21 that_CS22 the_AT project_NN1 was_VBDZ undertaken_VVN by_II volunteers_NN2 and_CC amateurs_NN2 in_II respect_NN1 to_II building_NN1 and_CC campaigning_VVG a_ZZ1 maxi_NN2 ,_, all_DB was_VBDZ progressing_VVG well_RR until_CS the_AT delays_NN2 with_IW the_AT delivery_NN1 of_IO the_AT winches_NN2 began_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL Every_AT1 project_NN1 or_CC business_NN1 has_VHZ its_APPGE own_DA problems_NN2 but_CCB it_PPH1 would_VM be_VBI fair_JJ to_TO say_VVI that_CST our_APPGE winch_NN1 situation_NN1 was_VBDZ quite_RG unbelievable_JJ and_CC on_II several_DA2 occasions_NN2 nearly_RR caused_VVD the_AT collapse_NN1 of_IO the_AT campaign_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ immense_JJ pressure_NN1 on_II everybody_PN1 and_CC the_AT close-knit_JJ team_NN which_DDQ had_VHD been_VBN working_VVG 100-hour_JJ weeks_NNT2 for_IF months_NNT2 on_II end_NN1 came_VVD close_RR to_II total_JJ burn-out_NN1 as_II a_AT1 result_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT winch_NN1 problem_NN1 was_VBDZ the_AT cause_NN1 of_IO nearly_RR all_DB of_IO *1_NULL Enterprise_NN1 's_GE *0_NULL future_JJ problems_NN2 and_CC had_VHD it_PPH1 not_XX been_VBN for_IF Digby_NP1 's_GE singleminded_JJ determination_NN1 in_II getting_VVG to_II the_AT {_NULL UK_NP }_NULL ,_, even_RR with_IW an_AT1 incomplete_JJ yacht_NN1 ,_, *1_NULL {_NULL NZI_JJ }_NULL Enterprise_NN1 *0_NULL may_VM never_RR had_VHD started_VVN in_II the_AT Whitbread_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL As_II a_AT1 consequence_NN1 ,_, Digby_NP1 came_VVD under_II a_AT1 great_JJ deal_NN1 of_IO criticism_NN1 from_II his_APPGE crew_NN1 and_CC the_AT committee_NNJ but_CCB ,_, right_RR or_CC wrong_JJ ,_, the_AT rest_NN1 is_VBZ history_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Looking_VVG back_RP over_II the_AT *1_NULL {_NULL NZI_JJ }_NULL Enterprise_NN1 *0_NULL project_NN1 and_CC being_VBG able_JK to_TO compare_VVI it_PPH1 with_IW the_AT *1_NULL Outward_RL Bound_JJ *0_NULL project_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 was_VBDZ certainly_RR a_AT1 more_RGR trying_JJ and_CC testing_VVG campaign_NN1 for_IF those_DD2 behind_II the_AT scenes_NN2 ,_, but_CCB I_PPIS1 do_VD0 n't_XX regret_VVI my_APPGE involvement_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT *"_" highs_NN2 **"_" were_VBDR greater_JJR ;_; having_VHG had_VHN pretty_RG high_JJ expectations_NN2 for_IF *1_NULL {_NULL NZI_JJ }_NULL Enterprise_NN1 's_VBZ *0_NULL homecoming_NN1 at_II the_AT end_NN1 of_IO the_AT second_MD leg_NN1 after_CS *1_NULL Outward_RL Bound_VVN 's_VBZ *0_NULL 1982_MC spectacular_JJ ,_, still_RR none_PN of_IO us_PPIO2 could_VM believe_VVI that_DD1 night_NNT1 on_II Auckland_NP1 's_GE Waitemata_NP1 Harbour_NP1 in_II January_NPM1 1986_MC as_II our_APPGE *1_NULL {_NULL NZI_NN2 }_NULL *0_NULL came_VVD home_RL ._. ^ *<_NULL *2_NULL THREE_MC *>_NULL ^ *<_NULL *5_NULL Construction_NN1 Begins_VVZ *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *6_NULL WITH_IW THE_AT DESIGNER_NN1 *0_NULL now_RT chosen_VVN and_CC the_AT financing_NN1 for_IF the_AT project_NN1 in_II place_NN1 ,_, the_AT next_MD job_NN1 was_VBDZ to_TO set_VVI out_RP the_AT details_NN2 of_IO the_AT design_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL These_DD2 days_NNT2 racing_VVG yachts_NN2 are_VBR designed_VVN to_TO suit_VVI the_AT expected_JJ weather_NN1 conditions_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC the_AT data_NN on_II the_AT weather_NN1 is_VBZ usually_RR supplied_VVN by_II the_AT owner_NN1 or_CC skipper_NN1 of_IO the_AT boat-to-be_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL During_II the_AT January_NPM1 1984_MC summer_NNT1 holidays_NN2 my_APPGE youngest_JJT son_NN1 Matthew_NP1 and_CC I_PPIS1 sat_VVD down_RP with_IW routeing_VVG charts_NN2 from_II all_RR over_II the_AT world_NN1 ,_, with_IW race_NN1 records_NN2 from_II previous_JJ races_NN2 ,_, information_NN1 from_II *1_NULL Outward_RL Bound_VVN 's_GE *0_NULL own_DA trip_NN1 around_II the_AT world_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 plan_NN1 of_IO the_AT 1985/_FO 86_MC Whitbread_NP1 ,_, giving_VVG the_AT start_NN1 times_NNT2 and_CC finishes_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 spent_VVD some_DD weeks_NNT2 working_VVG long_JJ hours_NNT2 ,_, accumulating_VVG the_AT information_NN1 ,_, tabulating_VVG it_PPH1 *-_- we_PPIS2 even_RR wrote_VVD a_AT1 simple_JJ computer_NN1 programme_NN1 to_TO add_VVI up_RP and_CC statistically_RR average_VVI all_DB the_AT data_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL At_II the_AT end_NN1 of_IO it_PPH1 we_PPIS2 had_VHD a_AT1 30-page_JJ analysis_NN1 of_IO winds_NN2 and_CC weather_NN1 that_CST could_VM be_VBI expected_VVN over_II the_AT duration_NN1 of_IO the_AT race_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 was_VBDZ then_RT summarised_VVN into_II a_AT1 listing_NN1 of_IO the_AT amount_NN1 of_IO time_NNT1 the_AT yacht_NN1 could_VM be_VBI expected_VVN to_TO spend_VVI at_II any_DD wind_NN1 speed_NN1 or_CC wind_NN1 angle_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL This_DD1 was_VBDZ the_AT information_NN1 the_AT Farr_NP1 design_NN1 office_NN1 would_VM use_VVI to_TO design_VVI a_AT1 preliminary_JJ yacht_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC by_II combining_VVG the_AT computer-generated_JJ velocity_NN1 prediction_NN1 *-_- that_REX21 is_REX22 ,_, how_RGQ fast_RR a_AT1 boat_NN1 would_VM sail_VVI at_II any_DD wind_NN1 speed_NN1 and_CC wind_NN1 angle_NN1 *-_- with_IW our_APPGE weather_NN1 analysis_NN1 ,_, the_AT designer_NN1 would_VM be_VBI able_JK to_TO work_VVI out_RP how_RGQ long_RR it_PPH1 would_VM take_VVI a_AT1 particular_JJ design_NN1 to_TO get_VVI around_II the_AT world_NN1 in_II those_DD2 conditions_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT procedure_NN1 would_VM then_RT be_VBI to_TO modify_VVI the_AT lines_NN2 to_TO optimise_VVI the_AT performance_NN1 in_II those_DD2 conditions_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Of_RR21 course_RR22 ,_, a_AT1 statistical_JJ analysis_NN1 like_II this_DD1 will_VM not_XX tell_VVI you_PPY *1_NULL exactly_RR *0_NULL what_DDQ conditions_VVZ you_PPY will_VM receive_VVI when_CS you_PPY arrive_VV0 at_II North_NP Cape_NP1 or_CC Cape_NNL1 Horn_NP ,_, or_CC any_DD other_JJ particular_JJ place_NN1 in_II the_AT world_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II fact_NN1 it_PPH1 will_VM more_RGR likely_RR tell_VVI you_PPY what_DDQ you_PPY *1_NULL wo_VM n't_XX *0_NULL get_VVI ,_, but_CCB as_II an_AT1 average_JJ assessment_NN1 of_IO the_AT conditions_NN2 it_PPH1 must_VM be_VBI of_IO benefit_NN1 to_TO design_VVI a_AT1 yacht_NN1 to_II those_DD2 conditions_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL After_CS we_PPIS2 had_VHD completed_VVN the_AT analysis_NN1 and_CC taken_VVN a_AT1 rough_JJ velocity_NN1 prediction_NN1 of_IO a_ZZ1 maxi_NN2 yacht_NN1 and_CC sailed_VVD it_PPH1 around_II the_AT world_NN1 in_II the_AT statistical_JJ conditions_NN2 ,_, it_PPH1 was_VBDZ intriguing_JJ to_TO note_VVI that_CST the_AT yacht_NN1 took_VVD 100_MC hours_NNT2 less_RRR than_CSN the_AT 2900_MC hours_NNT2 *1_NULL Flyer_NP1 *0_NULL took_VVD in_RP the_AT 1981/_FO 82_MC Whitbread_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL That_DD1 gave_VVD me_PPIO1 some_DD confidence_NN1 in_II the_AT belief_NN1 that_CST we_PPIS2 had_VHD ,_, after_II all_DB ,_, made_VVD a_AT1 realistic_JJ assessment_NN1 of_IO the_AT weather_NN1 conditions_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Russell_NP1 Bowler_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 partner_NN1 in_II the_AT Farr_NP1 design_NN1 office_NN1 ,_, was_VBDZ in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 late_RR in_II January_NPM1 and_CC he_PPHS1 and_CC I_PPIS1 went_VVD over_II the_AT velocity_NN1 prediction_NN1 in_II detail_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Commenting_VVG that_CST our_APPGE statistical_JJ predictions_NN2 were_VBDR better_RRR prepared_VVN than_CSN any_RR they_PPHS2 had_VHD received_VVN in_II the_AT past_NN1 ,_, Russell_NP1 promised_VVD that_CST as_CS31 soon_CS32 as_CS33 the_AT deposit_NN1 was_VBDZ paid_VVN the_AT Farr_NP1 team_NN would_VM be_VBI right_JJ into_II the_AT drawing_NN1 of_IO the_AT yacht_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 could_VM expect_VVI to_TO have_VHI the_AT first_MD lines_NN2 drawings_NN2 in_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO do_VDI the_AT lofting_NN1 from_II late_JJ in_II February_NPM1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL While_CS I_PPIS1 had_VHD been_VBN working_VVG on_II the_AT weather_NN1 analysis_NN1 ,_, Max_NP1 Jones_NP1 had_VHD been_VBN spending_VVG all_DB his_APPGE time_NNT1 talking_VVG with_IW the_AT shareholders_NN2 in_II the_AT yacht_NN1 ..._... and_CC at_II this_DD1 point_NN1 it_PPH1 is_VBZ worth_II recalling_VVG a_AT1 talk_NN1 I_PPIS1 had_VHD been_VBN asked_VVN to_TO give_VVI a_AT1 year_NNT1 or_CC so_RG earlier_RRR at_II a_ZZ1 Lions_NN2 Club_NNJ evening_NNT1 in_II Te_AT Awamutu_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 had_VHD gone_VVN down_RP to_II Te_AT Awamutu_NP1 to_TO give_VVI my_APPGE little_JJ speech_NN1 about_II the_AT *1_NULL Outward_RL Bound_JJ *0_NULL project_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 had_VHD stood_VVN in_II31 front_II32 of_II33 150_MC Lions_NN2 Club_NNJ members_NN2 ,_, chatted_VVD about_II the_AT 1981/_FO 82_MC Round-the-World_NP1 race_NN1 and_CC expressed_VVD my_APPGE hope_NN1 that_CST I_PPIS1 would_VM somehow_RR end_VVI up_II being_VBG able_JK to_TO do_VDI it_PPH1 again_RT in_II a_ZZ1 maxi_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL At_II the_AT end_NN1 of_IO that_DD1 evening_NNT1 ,_, after_CS everyone_PN1 had_VHD left_VVN ,_, Max_NP1 and_CC I_PPIS1 were_VBDR outside_RL on_II the_AT footpath_NN1 talking_VVG ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 talked_VVD until_II two_MC or_CC three_MC in_II the_AT morning_NNT1 ,_, with_IW Max_NP1 telling_VVG me_PPIO1 that_CST raising_JJ funds_NN2 for_IF a_AT1 Round-the-World_NP1 boat_NN1 should_VM n't_XX be_VBI all_DB that_RG difficult_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL After_II all_DB ,_, it_PPH1 was_VBDZ such_DA a_AT1 great_JJ thing_NN1 to_TO see_VVI New_NP Zealand_NP1 out_RP there_RL competing_VVG in_II a_AT1 race_NN1 like_II the_AT Whitbread_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *1_NULL Surely_RR *0_NULL the_AT public_NN would_VM support_VVI such_DA a_AT1 venture_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ not_XX until_CS I_PPIS1 returned_VVD from_II cruising_VVG the_AT east_ND1 coast_NN1 of_IO the_AT States_NP1 that_CST I_PPIS1 spoke_VVD to_II Max_NP1 again_RT ._. ^ ^_NULL After_CS our_APPGE last_MD meeting_NN1 it_PPH1 was_VBDZ n't_XX much_DA1 of_IO a_ZZ1 step_VV0 to_TO ask_VVI him_PPHO1 to_TO be_VBI directly_RR involved_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL Well_RR ,_, Max_NP1 threw_VVD himself_PPX1 into_II the_AT project_NN1 with_IW that_DD1 enormous_JJ amount_NN1 of_IO energy_NN1 he_PPHS1 has_VHZ and_CC it_PPH1 was_VBDZ only_RR a_AT1 month_NNT1 or_CC so_RG later_RRR that_CST we_PPIS2 had_VHD the_AT basic_JJ group_NN of_IO 17_MC shareholders_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Max_NP1 was_VBDZ asked_VVN to_TO be_VBI chairman_NN1 of_IO the_AT directors_NN2 of_IO Enterprise_NN1 Adventures_NN2 ,_, the_AT company_NN1 that_CST was_VBDZ formed_VVN to_TO finance_VVI the_AT boat_NN1 and_CC which_DDQ would_VM eventually_RR own_VVI it_PPH1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *2_NULL A_AT1 HOME_NN1 FOR_IF *3_NULL ENTERPRISE_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Now_CS21 that_CS22 the_AT initial_JJ costs_NN2 were_VBDR underwritten_VVN ,_, I_PPIS1 had_VHD no_RR21 doubt_RR22 that_CST it_PPH1 would_VM only_RR be_VBI a_AT1 matter_NN1 of_IO time_NNT1 ,_, hopefully_RR a_AT1 short_JJ time_NNT1 ,_, before_CS we_PPIS2 would_VM have_VHI the_AT finance_NN1 necessary_JJ to_TO start_VVI building_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Meanwhile_RR we_PPIS2 had_VHD to_TO look_VVI for_IF a_AT1 shed_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 's_VBZ not_XX easy_JJ to_TO find_VVI a_AT1 building_NN1 in_II which_DDQ to_TO build_VVI an_AT1 80-foot_JJ maxi_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 's_VBZ not_XX just_RR a_AT1 matter_NN1 of_IO finding_VVG a_AT1 space_NN1 80_MC feet_NN2 long_JJ and_CC 20_MC feet_NN2 wide_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL You_PPY also_RR need_VV0 room_NN1 for_IF plant_NN1 and_CC equipment_NN1 ,_, supplies_NN2 ,_, perhaps_RR the_AT deck_NN1 layout_NN1 ,_, and_RR31 so_RR32 on_RR33 ._. ^ ^_NULL Dave_NP1 Baxter_NP1 ,_, the_AT main_JJ boatbuilder_NN1 on_II *1_NULL Outward_RL Bound_VVN *0_NULL and_CC eager_JJ to_TO lend_VVI a_AT1 hand_NN1 with_IW *1_NULL Enterprise_NN1 ,_, *0_NULL said_VVD he_PPHS1 knew_VVD of_IO a_ZZ1 shed_VV0 out_RP in_II Kumeu_NP1 that_CST would_VM be_VBI ideal_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 did_VDD n't_XX have_VHI doors_NN2 or_CC windows_NN2 or_CC roof_NN1 lights_NN2 ,_, but_CCB it_PPH1 was_VBDZ big_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL A_AT1 little_JJ investigating_NN1 took_VVD me_PPIO1 to_II Sam_NP1 Lawson_NP1 *-_- the_AT father_NN1 of_IO the_AT Lawson_NP1 quins_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Sam_NP1 was_VBDZ delighted_JJ to_TO assist_VVI the_AT *1_NULL Enterprise_NN1 *0_NULL project_NN1 by_II renting_VVG his_APPGE shed_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ ,_, a_AT1 long_JJ time_NNT1 ago_RA ,_, an_AT1 employee_NN1 of_IO Ceramco_NP1 and_CC a_AT1 friend_NN1 of_IO Tom_NP1 Clark_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL To_TO be_VBI involved_JJ in_II some_DD friendly_JJ competition_NN1 with_IW Tom_NP1 Clark_NP1 was_VBDZ an_AT1 opportunity_NN1 Sam_NP1 did_VDD not_XX want_VVI to_TO forego_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL *"_" Do_VD0 n't_XX worry_VVI about_II the_AT doors_NN2 ,_, the_AT window_NN1 and_CC the_AT roof_NN1 lights_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL When_RRQ do_VD0 you_PPY want_VVI the_AT shed_NN1 ?_? **"_" was_VBDZ his_APPGE reply_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL We_PPIS2 reached_VVD agreement_NN1 that_CST we_PPIS2 would_VM pay_VVI rent_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 space_NN1 80_MC feet_NN2 long_JJ by_II 20_MC feet_NN2 wide_JJ and_CC that_CST we_PPIS2 could_VM use_VVI any_DD other_JJ space_NN1 we_PPIS2 might_VM need_VVI for_IF ancillary_JJ activities_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT rental_NN1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 dollar_NNU1 a_AT1 square_JJ foot_NN1 a_AT1 year_NNT1 *-_- about_RG a_AT1 quarter_NN1 of_IO the_AT market_NN1 rate_NN1 *-_- and_CC we_PPIS2 would_VM probably_RR end_VVI up_RP using_VVG four_MC times_NNT2 the_AT space_NN1 we_PPIS2 were_VBDR paying_VVG for_IF ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT shed_NN1 was_VBDZ just_RR perfect_JJ for_IF the_AT job_NN1 :_: 60_MC feet_NN2 wide_JJ ,_, 200_MC feet_NN2 long_JJ and_CC with_IW a_AT1 stud_NN1 high_RR enough_RR to_TO allow_VVI us_PPIO2 to_TO turn_VVI over_RP an_AT1 80-foot_JJ maxi_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Sam_NP1 roared_VVD into_II action_NN1 and_CC in_II a_AT1 very_RG short_JJ time_NNT1 the_AT doors_NN2 ,_, the_AT windows_NN2 and_CC the_AT electrical_JJ supply_NN1 were_VBDR in_II place_NN1 ready_JJ for_IF us_PPIO2 to_TO start_VVI work_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *2_NULL THE_AT DU_FW PONT_NP1 CONNECTION_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Looking_VVG back_RP now_RT ,_, it_PPH1 had_VHD all_RR seemed_VVN so_RG simple_JJ :_: to_TO build_VVI a_AT1 boat_NN1 using_VVG a_AT1 revolutionary_JJ synthetic_JJ fibre_NN1 by_II a_AT1 method_NN1 that_CST hitherto_RT had_VHD not_XX been_VBN used_VVN in_II boatbuilding_VVG ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II concept_NN1 it_PPH1 *1_NULL was_VBDZ *0_NULL simple_JJ ,_, but_CCB given_VVN the_AT realities_NN2 of_IO building_VVG a_AT1 one-off_JJ boat_NN1 in_II such_DA a_AT1 way_NN1 ,_, and_CC having_VHG to_TO develop_VVI whole_JJ new_JJ systems_NN2 of_IO material_NN1 handling_VVG and_CC the_AT like_JJ ,_, I_PPIS1 wonder_VV0 now_CS21 that_CS22 we_PPIS2 had_VHD the_AT nerve_NN1 to_TO take_VVI it_PPH1 on_RP ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Richard_NP1 Honey_NP1 was_VBDZ not_XX the_AT only_JJ one_PN1 with_IW whom_PNQO I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ discussing_VVG my_APPGE construction_NN1 concept_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Harold_NP1 Evans_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 local_JJ yacht_NN1 designer_NN1 and_CC engineer_NN1 by_II qualification_NN1 who_PNQS had_VHD assisted_VVN in_II developing_VVG the_AT framework_NN1 structure_NN1 for_IF *1_NULL Outward_RL Bound_VVN ,_, *0_NULL was_VBDZ happy_JJ to_TO bounce_VVI the_AT idea_NN1 around_RP as_RR21 well_RR22 ._. ^ ^_NULL Harold_NP1 was_VBDZ n't_XX too_RG sure_JJ ,_, initially_RR ,_, about_II the_AT proposals_NN2 ,_, but_CCB his_APPGE eventual_JJ enthusiasm_NN1 and_CC support_NN1 were_VBDR of_IO great_JJ help_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Even_RR I_MC1 ,_, as_CSA the_AT perpetrator_NN1 of_IO the_AT idea_NN1 ,_, was_VBDZ n't_XX too_RG sure_JJ how_RRQ we_PPIS2 were_VBDR going_VVGK to_TO achieve_VVI the_AT reality_NN1 ,_, but_CCB if_CS it_PPH1 seemed_VVD like_II providing_VVG *1_NULL Enterprise_NN1 *0_NULL with_IW an_AT1 advantage_NN1 in_II the_AT race_NN1 against_II the_AT best_JJT in_II the_AT world_NN1 ,_, then_RT it_PPH1 was_VBDZ worth_II having_VHG a_AT1 crack_NN1 at_II ,_, somehow_RR ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Graham_NP1 Laycock_NP1 ,_, the_AT manager_NN1 of_IO Du_FW Pont_NP1 in_II Auckland_NP1 ,_, began_VVD to_TO put_VVI in_II large_JJ slices_NN2 of_IO his_APPGE personal_JJ time_NNT1 assisting_VVG with_IW the_AT project_NN1 ,_, and_CC supplied_VVD sample_NN1 materials_NN2 for_IF me_PPIO1 to_TO play_VVI around_RP with_IW in_II the_AT garage_NN1 at_II home_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 built_VVD up_RP dummy_JJ machines_NN2 and_CC used_VVD Graham_NP1 's_GE samples_NN2 to_TO produce_VVI pultruded_JJ or_CC filament-wound_JJ laminates_NN2 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 201+TEXT+G14_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT light_JJ southerly_JJ wind_NN1 eddied_VVD and_CC puffed_VVD around_II the_AT rocky_JJ bluffs_NN2 in_II a_AT1 very_RG disagreeable_JJ manner_NN1 for_IF their_APPGE sailing_JJ boat_NN1 ,_, so_CS they_PPHS2 were_VBDR pleased_JJ to_TO find_VVI a_AT1 short_JJ beach_NN1 of_IO black_JJ sand_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 supply_NN1 of_IO fresh_JJ water_NN1 ,_, and_CC a_AT1 good_JJ place_NN1 in_II the_AT bush_NN1 for_IF the_AT tent_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL That_DD1 night_NNT1 they_PPHS2 heard_VVD plenty_PN of_IO kakapos_NN2 ,_, grey_JJ kiwis_NN2 ,_, and_CC wekas_NN2 ;_; and_CC the_AT locality_NN1 eventually_RR became_VVD one_MC1 of_IO Henry_NP1 's_GE favoured_JJ collecting_JJ grounds_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX were_VBDR also_RR penguins_NN2 in_II residence_NN1 *-_- they_PPHS2 appeared_VVD to_TO be_VBI everywhere_RL they_PPHS2 could_VM get_VVI a_AT1 landing_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL On_II subsequent_JJ excursions_NN2 Henry_NP1 usually_RR camped_VVD at_II sunny_JJ sheltered_JJ Beach_NP1 Harbour_NP1 ,_, which_DDQ was_VBDZ around_II the_AT corner_NN1 from_II Sandy_NP1 Cove_NP1 ,_, a_RR21 little_RR22 farther_RRR up_RP the_AT Sound_NN1 to_II the_AT east_ND1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT sandflies_NN2 at_II Sandy_NP1 Cove_NP1 encouraged_VVD Henry_NP1 and_CC his_APPGE assistant_NN1 to_TO make_VVI an_AT1 early_JJ start_NN1 the_AT next_MD day_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 took_VVD *1_NULL Putangi_NP1 *0_NULL across_II Acheron_NP Passage_NNL1 and_CC in_RP amongst_II the_AT rocks_NN2 at_II the_AT mouth_NN1 of_IO Occasional_NP Creek_NNL1 ,_, on_II the_AT eastern_JJ side_NN1 of_IO Resolution_NP Island_NNL1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Some_DD years_NNT2 later_RRR ,_, Henry_NP1 camped_VVD in_II Occasional_NP1 Cove_NP1 ,_, when_CS he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ unable_JJ to_TO land_VVI on_II the_AT Gilbert_NP Islands_NNL2 because_II21 of_II22 the_AT swell_NN1 ,_, and_CC called_VVN it_PPH1 *'_" a_AT1 miserable_JJ place_NN1 **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT *'_" kekies_NN2 **'_" **[_NULL sic_RR **]_NULL and_CC ferns_NN2 were_VBDR up_II21 to_II22 his_APPGE neck_NN1 ,_, and_CC there_EX was_VBDZ no_AT place_NN1 to_TO walk_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB on_II this_DD1 first_MD visit_NN1 he_PPHS1 pushed_VVD his_APPGE way_NN1 through_II the_AT enveloping_JJ greenery_NN1 to_TO look_VVI for_IF traces_NN2 of_IO ground_NN1 birds_NN2 and_CC concluded_VVD there_EX were_VBDR no_AT kakapos_NN2 on_II that_DD1 side_NN1 of_IO the_AT island_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Before_CS Henry_NP1 had_VHD finished_VVN writing_VVG to_II his_APPGE friend_NN1 Melland_NP1 about_II the_AT trip_NN1 around_II Resolution_NP Island_NNL1 ,_, the_AT *1_NULL Hinemoa_NP1 *0_NULL arrived_VVD unexpectedly_RR on_II 12_MC October_NPM1 with_IW mail_NN1 and_CC supplies_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Amongst_II the_AT letters_NN2 was_VBDZ a_AT1 parcel_NN1 and_CC note_NN1 from_II Katie_NP1 Melland_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Later_RRR Henry_NP1 explained_VVD to_II her_PPHO1 what_DDQ had_VHD happened_VVN when_RRQ the_AT steamer_NN1 came_VVD and_CC caught_VVN him_PPHO1 unprepared_JJ :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Maitland_NP1 acknowledged_VVD Henry_NP1 's_GE note_NN1 of_IO 17_MC July_NPM1 and_CC said_VVD that_CST he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ looking_VVG forward_RL to_II receiving_VVG a_AT1 full_JJ account_NN1 of_IO proceedings_NN2 in_II Dusky_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 greatly_RR regretted_VVD the_AT long_JJ intervals_NN2 between_II their_APPGE letters_NN2 to_II each_PPX221 other_PPX222 ._. ^ ^_NULL For_IF his_APPGE part_NN1 ,_, Henry_NP1 reported_VVD to_II the_AT commissioner_NN1 that_CST he_PPHS1 had_VHD been_VBN around_II Resolution_NP Island_NNL1 in_II fine_JJ weather_NN1 and_CC now_RT thought_VVD it_PPH1 would_VM *'_" answer_VVI well_RR as_II a_AT1 reserve_NN1 for_IF ground_NN1 birds_NN2 **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ satisfied_VVN there_EX were_VBDR no_AT kakapos_NN2 on_II the_AT Island_NN1 because_CS their_APPGE feeding_JJ signs_NN2 were_VBDR easily_RR seen_VVN in_II the_AT bush_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL As_CSA there_EX were_VBDR plenty_PN of_IO kakapos_NN2 living_VVG on_II the_AT mainland_NN1 it_PPH1 would_VM not_XX be_VBI difficult_JJ to_II stock_NN1 Resolution_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Grey_NP1 kiwis_NN2 were_VBDR absent_JJ from_II the_AT island_NN1 and_CC they_PPHS2 too_RR would_VM have_VHI to_TO be_VBI transferred_VVN from_II the_AT mainland_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB roas_NN2 were_VBDR thriving_VVG on_II Resolution_NN1 and_CC in_II many_DA2 other_JJ localities_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Henry_NP1 said_VVD he_PPHS1 planned_VVD to_TO leave_VVI the_AT transportation_NN1 of_IO kakapos_NN2 and_CC kiwis_NN2 until_CS near_II Christmas_NNT1 ,_, because_CS he_PPHS1 had_VHD decided_VVN to_TO start_VVI building_VVG his_APPGE house_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL After_II becoming_VVG familiar_JJ with_IW a_AT1 large_JJ portion_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE territory_NN1 ,_, Henry_NP1 still_RR thought_VVN Pigeon_NP Island_NNL1 the_AT best_JJT place_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 base_NN1 and_CC was_VBDZ soon_RR hard_JJ at_II work_NN1 putting_VVG in_II piles_NN2 for_IF his_APPGE house_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL If_CS it_PPH1 was_VBDZ ready_JJ in_II time_NNT1 ,_, friends_NN2 could_VM come_VVI down_RP in_II the_AT summer_NNT1 and_CC stay_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL At_II the_AT end_NN1 of_IO five_MC weeks_NNT2 '_GE hard_JJ toil_NN1 ,_, the_AT building_NN1 was_VBDZ habitable_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL *'_" A_AT1 great_JJ relief_NN1 **'_" ,_, Henry_NP1 exclaimed_VVD in_II his_APPGE diary_NN1 on_II 15_MC November_NPM1 ,_, the_AT day_NNT1 he_PPHS1 and_CC Burt_NP1 moved_VVD into_II their_APPGE new_JJ abode_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL November_NPM1 had_VHD been_VBN exceptionally_RR wet_JJ and_CC windy_JJ ,_, with_IW 19.88_MC inches_NNU2 of_IO rain_NN1 ;_; fortunately_RR most_DAT of_IO it_PPH1 fell_VVD at_II night_NNT1 ,_, so_CS21 that_CS22 working_VVG conditions_NN2 were_VBDR not_XX as_RG bad_JJ as_CSA the_AT figures_NN2 indicated_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX had_VHD been_VBN a_AT1 grand_JJ storm_NN1 of_IO wind_NN1 from_II the_AT north_ND1 on_II the_AT 12th_MD ,_, and_CC hailstones_NN2 had_VHD destroyed_VVN the_AT potato_NN1 crop_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ had_VHD promised_VVN rather_RG well_RR ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT site_NN1 Henry_NP1 chose_VVD for_IF his_APPGE dwelling_NN1 was_VBDZ on_II the_AT neck_NN1 of_IO the_AT peninsula_NN1 ,_, about_RG forty_MC yards_NN2 from_II the_AT hut_NN1 (_( which_DDQ once_RR vacated_VVD was_VBDZ used_VVN as_II a_AT1 storeshed_JJ )_) but_CCB in_II a_AT1 much_RR more_RGR sheltered_JJ position_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 built_VVD the_AT house_NN1 of_IO weatherboards_NN2 ,_, with_IW an_AT1 iron_NN1 roof_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 brick_NN1 chimney_NN1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL By_II the_AT end_NN1 of_IO 1894_MC ,_, the_AT house_NN1 was_VBDZ finished_VVN and_CC painted_VVN outside_RL ,_, but_CCB some_DD papering_NN1 and_CC inside_JJ work_NN1 remained_VVD to_TO be_VBI done_VDN when_RRQ the_AT fine_JJ weather_NN1 was_VBDZ over_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT steamer_NN1 was_VBDZ to_TO bring_VVI a_AT1 water_NN1 tank_NN1 and_CC spouting_VVG ,_, as_CSA there_EX was_VBDZ very_RG little_DA1 fresh_JJ water_NN1 on_II Pigeon_NP Island_NNL1 *-_- the_AT creek_NN1 water_NN1 was_VBDZ stained_VVN brown_JJ and_CC was_VBDZ liable_JJ to_TO cease_VVI flowing_VVG during_II a_AT1 dry_JJ spell_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Later_RRR on_RP Henry_NP1 made_VVD a_AT1 carpenter_NN1 's_VBZ bench_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 cupboard_NN1 ,_, two_MC tables_NN2 ,_, and_CC a_AT1 couple_NN1 of_IO chairs_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Taking_VVG all_DB things_NN2 into_II account_NN1 ,_, he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ better_RRR housed_VVN and_CC more_RGR comfortable_JJ than_CSN he_PPHS1 had_VHD ever_RR been_VBN in_II his_APPGE life_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 had_VHD been_VBN a_AT1 tough_JJ job_NN1 forming_VVG a_AT1 homestead_NN1 *-_- about_RG twice_RR as_RG much_DA1 work_NN1 as_CSA he_PPHS1 had_VHD anticipated_VVN *-_- but_CCB he_PPHS1 felt_VVD in_II splendid_JJ working_JJ trim_NN1 and_CC in_II much_RR better_JJR fettle_NN1 than_CSN when_RRQ he_PPHS1 had_VHD first_MD arrived_VVN at_II Pigeon_NP Island_NNL1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ now_RT quite_RG convinced_JJ that_CST for_IF all_DB its_APPGE blustering_JJ climate_NN1 Dusky_NP Sound_NNL1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 very_RG healthy_JJ place_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Conscious_NP1 of_IO the_AT need_NN1 to_TO have_VHI his_APPGE letters_NN2 ready_JJ for_IF the_AT steamer_NN1 ,_, Henry_NP1 wrote_VVD to_II Katie_NP1 Melland_NP1 to_TO thank_VVI her_PPHO1 for_IF the_AT parcel_NN1 of_IO socks_NN2 and_CC wall_NN1 pockets_NN2 she_PPHS1 had_VHD sent_VVN him_PPHO1 and_CC to_TO tell_VVI her_PPHO1 what_DDQ he_PPHS1 had_VHD been_VBN doing_VDG ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 also_RR wrote_VVD to_II {_NULL F._NP1 R._NP1 }_NULL Chapman_NP1 who_PNQS was_VBDZ keenly_RR interested_JJ in_II botany_NN1 ,_, ethnology_NN1 ,_, and_CC many_DA2 branches_NN2 of_IO natural_JJ history_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL After_II describing_VVG the_AT places_NN2 of_IO historical_JJ interest_NN1 which_DDQ he_PPHS1 had_VHD seen_VVN ,_, and_CC the_AT great_JJ variety_NN1 of_IO birds_NN2 and_CC fish_NN in_II the_AT Sound_NN1 ,_, Henry_NP1 told_VVD Chapman_NP1 about_II the_AT kakas_NN2 which_DDQ were_VBDR feeding_VVG on_II the_AT ironwood_NN1 blossoms_VVZ :_: |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Everything_PN1 promised_VVD well_RR for_IF the_AT task_NN1 ahead_RL ._. ^ ^_NULL Henry_NP1 was_VBDZ especially_RR pleased_JJ with_IW his_APPGE assistant_NN1 ,_, Andrew_NP1 Burt_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Burt_NP1 was_VBDZ *'_" about_RG eighteen_MC or_CC twenty_MC years_NNT2 old_JJ **'_" ,_, the_AT son_NN1 of_IO John_NP1 Burt_NP1 ,_, a_ZZ1 former_DA ranger_NN1 with_IW the_AT Otago_NP1 Acclimatisation_NN1 **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL Society_NNJ ,_, who_PNQS had_VHD contracted_VVN a_AT1 fatal_JJ disease_NN1 and_CC died_VVN in_II 1893_MC ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL said_VVD Henry_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL On_II Sundays_NPD2 the_AT two_MC of_IO them_PPHO2 would_VM launch_VVI *1_NULL Putangi_JJ *0_NULL and_CC go_VVI out_RP amongst_II the_AT fish_NN ,_, a_AT1 pastime_NN1 of_IO which_DDQ they_PPHS2 never_RR tired_JJ ,_, even_CS21 if_CS22 it_PPH1 was_VBDZ only_RR to_II look_NN1 at_II the_AT fish_NN swimming_VVG around_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL Another_DD1 favourite_JJ leisure_NN1 activity_NN1 was_VBDZ visiting_VVG the_AT wreck_NN1 in_II nearby_JJ Facile_JJ Harbour_NN1 to_TO look_VVI for_IF artefacts_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL To_TO celebrate_VVI their_APPGE first_MD Christmas_NNT1 holiday_NN1 at_II the_AT station_NN1 they_PPHS2 treated_VVD themselves_PPX2 to_II a_AT1 sail_NN1 in_II the_AT dinghy_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 visit_NN1 to_II the_AT penguins_NN2 ._. ^ *|_NULL ^_NULL Yet_RR for_IF all_DB the_AT interest_NN1 and_CC challenge_NN1 of_IO the_AT job_NN1 ,_, and_CC for_IF all_DB the_AT satisfaction_NN1 of_IO having_VHG created_VVN a_AT1 home_NN1 in_II the_AT bush_NN1 ,_, there_EX was_VBDZ one_MC1 thing_NN1 missing_VVG for_IF Henry_NP1 :_: the_AT company_NN1 and_CC intellectual_JJ stimulation_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE friends_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL *'_" But_CCB I_PPIS1 wish_VV0 I_MC1 was_VBDZ nearer_JJR ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 would_VM cut_VVI grass_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 week_NNT1 in_II31 return_II32 for_II33 a_DD221 few_DD222 minutes_NNT2 talk_VV0 with_IW you_PPY and_CC yours_PPGE **'_" ,_, he_PPHS1 confided_VVD to_II Katie_NP1 Melland_NP1 after_II four_MC and_CC a_AT1 half_DB months_NNT2 at_II Dusky_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Having_VHG put_VVN his_APPGE homestead_NN1 in_II order_NN1 ,_, and_CC having_VHG prospected_VVN the_AT mainland_NN1 for_IF the_AT best_JJT collecting_JJ grounds_NN2 ,_, Henry_NP1 at_RR21 last_RR22 began_VVD the_AT important_JJ task_NN1 of_IO moving_VVG the_AT birds_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB there_EX was_VBDZ a_AT1 hitch_NN1 right_NN1 at_II the_AT outset_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT New_JJ Year_NNT1 he_PPHS1 went_VVD to_TO Passage_NP Point_NNL1 ,_, on_II the_AT eastern_JJ side_NN1 of_IO the_AT entrance_NN1 to_II Acheron_NP Passage_NNL1 ,_, to_TO look_VVI for_IF kakapos_NN2 and_CC hunted_VVD for_IF four_MC days_NNT2 without_IW catching_VVG a_AT1 single_JJ bird_NN1 ;_; yet_RR he_PPHS1 could_VM hear_VVI them_PPHO2 drumming_VVG in_II all_DB directions_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 puzzled_VVD him_PPHO1 until_CS ,_, one_MC1 evening_NNT1 ,_, a_AT1 kakapo_NN1 came_VVD down_RP to_II the_AT tent_NN1 and_CC strolled_VVD about_RP without_IW the_AT dog_NN1 taking_VVG any_DD notice_NN1 of_IO it_PPH1 whatever_DDQV ._. ^ ^_NULL Henry_NP1 then_RT realised_VVD that_CST because_CS he_PPHS1 had_VHD broken_VVN his_APPGE dog_NN1 of_IO hunting_NN1 crested_VVD penguins_NN2 it_PPH1 thought_VVD it_PPH1 should_VM not_XX hunt_VVI kakapos_NN2 either_DD1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 setback_NN1 that_CST the_AT curator_NN1 took_VVD philosophically_RR ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL As_CSA it_PPH1 was_VBDZ unusually_RR fine_JJ and_CC calm_VV0 the_AT morning_NNT1 he_PPHS1 left_VVD Passage_NP Point_NNL1 ,_, Henry_NP1 decided_VVD to_TO dredge_VVI shells_NN2 for_IF Edward_NP1 Melland_NP1 and_CC {_NULL F.R._NNB }_NULL Chapman_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 had_VHD made_VVN a_AT1 little_JJ landing_NN1 net_NN1 attached_VVD to_II a_AT1 twenty-foot_JJ pole_NN1 especially_RR for_IF the_AT purpose_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL One_MC1 variety_NN1 of_IO shell_NN1 that_CST intrigued_VVD him_PPHO1 was_VBDZ white_JJ with_IW a_AT1 lid_NN1 like_II a_AT1 fan_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 could_VM swim_VVI very_RG cleverly_RR *'_" face_VV0 forward_RL ,_, not_XX backward_RL as_CSA you_PPY would_VM suppose_VVI **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II deeper_JJR water_NN1 ,_, anchored_VVD firmly_RR in_II the_AT sand_NN1 and_CC much_RR more_RGR difficult_JJ to_TO scoop_VVI up_RP ,_, were_VBDR some_DD long_JJ shells_NN2 with_IW spines_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ he_PPHS1 called_VVD *'_" butterflies_NN2 **'_" until_CS he_PPHS1 could_VM identify_VVI them_PPHO2 correctly_RR ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL From_II Passage_NP Point_NNL1 Henry_NP1 went_VVD to_II Long_JJ Island_NN1 ,_, at_II the_AT southern_JJ end_NN1 of_IO Acheron_NP Passage_NNL1 ,_, to_TO camp_VVI and_CC look_NN1 for_IF birds_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 beautiful_JJ place_NN1 *'_" of_IO great_JJ extent_NN1 and_CC variety_NN1 with_IW numerous_JJ safe_JJ harbours_NN2 **'_" ;_; but_CCB unfortunately_RR no_AT ground_NN1 birds_NN2 except_CS wekas_NN2 lived_VVD there_RL ._. ^ ^_NULL On_II the_AT way_NN1 home_RL from_II his_APPGE unsuccessful_JJ hunt_NN1 ,_, the_AT curator_NN1 encountered_VVD the_AT {_NULL S.S._NNB }_NULL *1_NULL Invercargill_NP1 ,_, *0_NULL unexpectedly_RR ,_, near_II the_AT southwest_ND1 corner_NN1 of_IO Resolution_NP Island_NNL1 ,_, and_CC made_VVD arrangements_NN2 to_TO meet_VVI her_PPHO1 three_MC days_NNT2 later_RRR with_IW a_AT1 letter_NN1 for_IF his_APPGE supervising_JJ officer_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT letter_NN1 Henry_NP1 asked_VVD for_IF another_DD1 dog_NN1 to_TO be_VBI sent_VVN down_RP by_II the_AT *1_NULL Hinemoa_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL A_AT1 well-trained_JJ dog_NN1 was_VBDZ vital_JJ for_IF his_APPGE work_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL As_CSA he_PPHS1 commented_VVD after_II several_DA2 years_NNT2 experience_NN1 of_IO hunting_NN1 for_IF kiwis_NN2 and_CC kakapos_NN2 ,_, ^_NULL *'_" I_PPIS1 could_VM not_XX catch_VVI one_PN1 in_II a_AT1 year_NNT1 without_IW a_AT1 dog_NN1 ._. ^ **'_" |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ not_XX a_PN21 lot_PN22 more_RRR to_TO tell_VVI Maitland_NP1 ,_, except_CS to_TO give_VVI him_PPHO1 a_AT1 brief_JJ account_NN1 of_IO why_RRQ the_AT attempts_NN2 to_TO catch_VVI the_AT kakapos_NN2 had_VHD been_VBN frustrated_VVN ,_, to_TO inform_VVI him_PPHO1 that_CST the_AT kakapos_NN2 were_VBDR breeding_VVG this_DD1 year_NNT1 *-_- *'_" they_PPHS2 were_VBDR drumming_VVG in_II all_DB directions_NN2 on_II the_AT mainland_NN1 **'_" *-_- and_CC to_TO report_VVI progress_NN1 on_II the_AT house_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Henry_NP1 thoughtfully_RR issued_VVN an_AT1 invitation_NN1 to_II members_NN2 of_IO the_AT Otago_NP1 Acclimatisation_NN1 Society_NNJ who_PNQS might_VM like_VVI to_TO call_VVI for_IF a_AT1 spell_NN1 if_CS they_PPHS2 did_VDD not_XX mind_VVI roughing_VVG it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL When_RRQ two_MC Dunedin_NP1 friends_NN2 landed_VVD on_II his_APPGE doorstep_NN1 less_RRR than_CSN a_AT1 fortnight_NNT1 later_RRR ,_, he_PPHS1 must_VM have_VHI been_VBN very_RG surprised_JJ indeed_RR ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL *<_NULL *4_NULL 11_MC *>_NULL ^ *<_NULL *5_NULL A_AT1 Courteous_JJ and_CC Generous_JJ Host_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL One_MC1 fine_JJ day_NNT1 in_II mid-January_NPM1 1895_MC the_AT {_NULL S.S._NNB }_NULL *1_NULL Tarawera_NP1 *0_NULL nosed_VVD into_II Henry_NP1 's_GE bay_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 belonged_VVD to_II the_AT Union_NNJ Steam_NN1 Ship_NN1 Company_NNJ of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 and_CC was_VBDZ on_II an_AT1 excursion_NN1 to_II the_AT West_NP Coast_NP1 Sounds_VVZ ,_, a_AT1 trip_NN1 that_CST took_VVD about_RG nine_MC days_NNT2 from_II Port_NNL1 Chalmers_NP and_CC back_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT company_NN1 had_VHD been_VBN running_JJ summer_NNT1 cruises_VVZ to_II the_AT Sounds_NN2 since_II 1876_MC ,_, so_CS it_PPH1 was_VBDZ experienced_VVN in_II providing_VVG the_AT passengers_NN2 ,_, many_DA2 of_IO whom_PNQO were_VBDR tourists_NN2 from_II overseas_RL ,_, with_IW luxurious_JJ shipboard_NN1 living_VVG to_TO complement_VVI the_AT grandeur_NN1 of_IO the_AT scenery_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Everyone_PN1 was_VBDZ catered_VVN for_IF in_II activities_NN2 organised_VVD by_II the_AT officers_NN2 and_CC crew_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL An_AT1 account_NN1 in_II the_AT *1_NULL Otago_NP1 Witness_NN1 *0_NULL of_IO a_AT1 trip_NN1 in_II 1886_MC describes_VVZ how_RRQ parties_NN2 were_VBDR organised_VVN at_II Cuttle_NP1 Cove_NP1 in_II Preservation_NN1 Inlet_NN1 for_IF two_MC days_NNT2 of_IO fishing_NN1 ,_, shooting_VVG ,_, exploring_VVG ,_, and_CC collecting_VVG natural_JJ history_NN1 specimens_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Other_NN1 less_RGR energetic_JJ souls_NN2 were_VBDR happy_JJ to_TO sketch_VVI or_CC simply_RR loaf_VVI about_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL At_II Wet_JJ Jacket_NN1 Arm_NN1 ,_, in_II Dusky_NP Sound_NNL1 ,_, there_EX was_VBDZ a_AT1 religious_JJ service_NN1 in_II the_AT forenoon_NN1 ,_, and_CC then_RT the_AT ship_NN1 's_VHZ boats_NN2 were_VBDR lowered_VVN for_IF those_DD2 who_PNQS felt_VVD inclined_JJ to_TO take_VVI a_AT1 turn_NN1 at_II the_AT oars_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT highlight_NN1 of_IO the_AT trip_NN1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 regatta_NN1 held_VVN in_II George_NP Sound_NNL1 ,_, where_CS the_AT contestants_NN2 spent_VVD a_AT1 whole_JJ day_NNT1 in_II the_AT boats_NN2 practising_VVG for_IF the_AT event_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Every_AT1 evening_NNT1 there_EX were_VBDR concerts_NN2 and_CC musical_JJ entertainments_NN2 or_CC dancing_NN1 ;_; one_MC1 dance_NN1 was_VBDZ given_VVN on_II the_AT poop_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ was_VBDZ decorated_VVN with_IW greenery_NN1 and_CC coloured_JJ lamps_NN2 ;_; and_CC on_II the_AT last_MD night_NNT1 in_II the_AT Sounds_NN2 there_EX was_VBDZ a_AT1 grand_JJ display_NN1 of_IO fireworks_NN2 followed_VVN by_II a_AT1 ball_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL On_II the_AT January_NPM1 1895_MC trip_NN1 ,_, the_AT Union_NNJ Company_NNJ had_VHD agreed_VVN to_II the_AT {_NULL S.S._NNB }_NULL *1_NULL Tarawera_NP1 *0_NULL calling_VVG at_II Pigeon_NP Island_NNL1 to_TO land_VVI two_MC passengers_NN2 for_IF a_AT1 short_JJ stay_NN1 with_IW their_APPGE friend_NN1 Dick_NP1 ,_, the_AT new_JJ curator_NN1 of_IO Resolution_NP Island_NNL1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Both_DB2 men_NN2 were_VBDR friends_NN2 of_IO the_AT Mellands_NP1 *-_- they_PPHS2 had_VHD met_VVN Dick_NP1 at_II Te_AT Anau_NP Downs_NNL2 *-_- and_CC both_DB2 were_VBDR accustomed_VVN to_II life_NN1 in_II the_AT bush_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL One_MC1 ,_, Daniel_NP1 Colquhoun_NP1 ,_, was_VBDZ a_AT1 lecturer_NN1 in_II medicine_NN1 at_II Otago_NP1 University_NNL1 ,_, and_CC had_VHD walked_VVN to_II Milford_NP Sound_NNL1 with_IW Henry_NP1 a_DD221 few_DD222 years_NNT2 previously_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 well_RR remembered_VVD the_AT uncomfortable_JJ night_NNT1 they_PPHS2 had_VHD spent_VVN together_RL at_II the_AT Arthur_NP River_NNL1 boat-landing_NN1 during_II a_AT1 particularly_RR wet_JJ spell_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT other_JJ ,_, Charles_NP1 Chamberlain_NN1 ,_, had_VHD ,_, as_CSA we_PPIS2 have_VH0 seen_VVN ,_, helped_VVN in_II the_AT search_NN1 for_IF Mackinnon_NP1 and_CC accompanied_VVD Dick_NP1 and_CC the_AT Mellands_NP1 over_II Mackinnon_NP Pass_NNL1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Chamberlain_NN1 frequently_RR spent_VVD his_APPGE holidays_NN2 in_II the_AT Lakes_NN2 District_NN1 ,_, where_CS he_PPHS1 enjoyed_VVD duck-shooting_JJ and_CC sampling_VVG the_AT newly_RR discovered_VVD walking_VVG tracks_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 usually_RR stayed_VVD at_II the_AT Murrell_NP1 family_NN 's_GE *'_" Grand_JJ View_NN1 **'_" guesthouse_NN1 at_II Lake_NNL1 Manapouri_NP ,_, which_DDQ was_VBDZ renowned_JJ for_IF its_APPGE homely_JJ hospitality_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_RL ,_, after_CS an_AT1 energetic_JJ day_NNT1 in_II the_AT open_JJ ,_, he_PPHS1 knew_VVD he_PPHS1 could_VM look_VVI forward_RL to_II an_AT1 excellent_JJ dinner_NN1 and_CC then_RT fall_VV0 into_II an_AT1 easy-chair_JJ to_TO enjoy_VVI his_APPGE pipe_NN1 in_II31 front_II32 of_II33 a_ZZ1 blazing_VVG fire_NN1 of_IO manuka_NN1 logs_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL At_II this_DD1 time_NNT1 Chamberlain_NN1 and_CC Colquhoun_NP1 were_VBDR fond_JJ of_IO referring_VVG to_II themselves_PPX2 as_CSA being_VBG *'_" not_XX quite_RG in_II the_AT first_MD bloom_NN1 of_IO youth_NN1 **'_" ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 202+TEXT+G15_FO **]_NULL ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL These_DD2 then_JJ are_VBR all_DB indicative_JJ of_IO a_AT1 man_NN1 who_PNQS ,_, no_RR21 doubt_RR22 ,_, treats_VVZ his_APPGE sport_NN1 too_RG seriously_RR for_IF his_APPGE own_DA good_JJ at_II times_NNT2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL By_II game_NN1 time_NNT1 ,_, Graham_NP1 Lowe_NP1 adopts_VVZ a_AT1 faceless_JJ yet_RR pained_JJ expression_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ New_NP Zealand_NP1 televiewers_NN2 have_VH0 come_VVN to_TO know_VVI in_II his_APPGE time_NNT1 with_IW the_AT Kiwis_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX 's_VBZ anxiety_NN1 all_RR over_II his_APPGE face_NN1 as_CSA he_PPHS1 watches_VVZ a_AT1 test_NN1 and_CC rarely_RR ,_, very_RG rarely_RR ,_, will_VM he_PPHS1 afford_VVI himself_PPX1 the_AT luxury_NN1 of_IO even_RR a_AT1 smirk_NN1 until_CS the_AT game_NN1 's_VBZ over_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL Only_RR during_II the_AT Kiwis_NN2 '_GE exhilarating_NN1 18-0_MCMC win_NN1 over_II Australia_NP1 in_II 1985_MC did_VDD he_PPHS1 drop_VVI his_APPGE guard_NN1 a_RR21 little_RR22 ,_, just_RR21 about_RR22 cracking_VVG a_AT1 smile_NN1 after_II Clayton_NP1 Friend_NN1 had_VHD scored_VVN one_MC1 of_IO his_PPGE tries_VVZ ._. ^ ^_NULL Usually_RR ,_, though_CS ,_, he_PPHS1 's_VBZ taut_JJ watching_VVG a_AT1 test_NN1 ,_, so_RG tight_RR he_PPHS1 broke_VVD two_MC of_IO his_APPGE back_NN1 teeth_NN2 through_II grinding_VVG them_PPHO2 so_RG firmly_RR in_II the_AT Lang_NP Park_NNL1 clash_NN1 against_II Australia_NP1 in_II 1983_MC ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 's_VBZ the_AT motivation_NN1 aspect_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE coaching_JJ style_NN1 which_DDQ ignites_VVZ interest_NN1 and_CC ,_, sometimes_RT ,_, criticism_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL That_DD1 happened_VVN in_II 1980_MC ,_, for_REX21 instance_REX22 ,_, when_CS Lowe_NP1 had_VHD taken_VVN Norths_NP1 from_II the_AT bottom_NN1 of_IO the_AT Brisbane_NP1 competition_NN1 to_II premiership_NN1 winners_NN2 in_II the_AT space_NN1 of_IO only_RR two_MC seasons_NNT2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT wooden_JJ spooners_NN2 to_II champions_NN2 leap_NN1 did_VDD n't_XX guarantee_VVI universal_JJ approval_NN1 because_CS there_EX were_VBDR people_NN in_II Brisbane_NP1 league_NN1 circles_NN2 who_PNQS thought_VVD Lowe_NP1 spent_VVD too_RG much_DA1 time_NNT1 off_II the_AT training_NN1 field_NN1 or_CC ,_, in_II other_JJ words_NN2 ,_, getting_VVG up_II21 to_II22 his_APPGE motivational_JJ tricks_NN2 rather_II21 than_II22 flogging_VVG the_AT players_NN2 for_IF no_AT sound_NN1 reason_NN1 on_II the_AT practice_NN1 pitch_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB ,_, as_CSA John_NP1 McCoy_NP1 writing_VVG in_II *1_NULL Rugby_NP1 League_NNJ Week_NNT1 ,_, *0_NULL the_AT mass_JJ circulation_NN1 league_NN1 paper_NN1 ,_, said_VVD :_: ^_NULL *"_" That_CST (_( spending_VVG time_NNT1 off_II the_AT field_NN1 with_IW the_AT team_NN )_) is_VBZ how_RRQ Lowe_NP1 got_VVD to_TO know_VVI his_APPGE players_NN2 ,_, their_APPGE likes_NN2 and_CC dislikes_NN2 and_CC ,_, the_AT end_NN1 result_NN1 ,_, was_VBDZ the_AT 1980_MC premiership_NN1 ._. **"_" ^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT same_DA article_NN1 ,_, McCoy_NP1 wrote_VVD :_: ^_NULL *"_" Lowe_NP1 has_VHZ built_VVN an_AT1 outstanding_JJ team_NN spirit_NN1 and_CC his_APPGE personal_JJ interest_NN1 in_II each_DD1 player_NN1 means_NN they_PPHS2 give_VV0 him_PPHO1 their_APPGE absolute_JJ best_JJT ._. ^ ^_NULL Is_VBZ n't_XX that_DD1 what_DDQ it_PPH1 's_VBZ all_RR about_II ?_? **"_" ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Lowe_NP1 finds_VVZ talking_VVG about_II motivation_NN1 and_CC being_VBG a_AT1 motivator_NN1 a_AT1 trying_JJ experience_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 ca_VM n't_XX do_VDI so_CS without_IW becoming_VVG quite_RR wound_VVN up_RP again_RT ;_; it_PPH1 's_VBZ then_RT that_CST the_AT philosophic_JJ Graham_NP1 Lowe_NP1 really_RR emerges_VVZ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" I_PPIS1 've_VH0 always_RR tried_VVN to_TO emphasise_VVI that_DD1 motivation_NN1 does_VDZ n't_XX replace_VVI skill_NN1 and_CC it_PPH1 does_VDZ n't_XX replace_VVI guts_NN2 and_CC heart_NN1 and_CC other_JJ qualities_NN2 like_II that_DD1 ,_, **"_" he_PPHS1 says_VVZ ._. ^ ^_NULL *"_" Too_RG many_DA2 people_NN think_VV0 if_CS you_PPY 're_VBR sufficiently_RR motivated_VVN you_PPY 'll_VM be_VBI a_AT1 good_JJ player_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL That_DD1 's_VBZ bullshit_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 's_VBZ only_JJ part_NN1 of_IO being_VBG a_AT1 good_JJ player_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL You_PPY have_VH0 to_TO be_VBI strong_JJ ,_, skillful_JJ ,_, injury_NN1 free_JJ ,_, eat_VV0 the_AT right_JJ food_NN1 and_CC think_VV0 the_AT right_JJ way_NN1 before_CS you_PPY can_VM be_VBI motivated_VVN to_TO become_VVI a_AT1 good_JJ player_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 's_VBZ all_DB part_NN1 of_IO the_AT jigsaw_NN1 of_IO making_VVG a_AT1 footballer_NN1 but_CCB ,_, at_II the_AT same_DA time_NNT1 ,_, motivation_NN1 is_VBZ probably_RR the_AT most_RGT important_JJ aspect_NN1 for_IF any_DD player_NN1 just_RR as_CSA motivation_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT most_RGT important_JJ part_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE life_NN1 ._. **"_" ^ |_NULL ^_NULL And_CC because_CS Lowe_NP1 articulates_VVZ such_DA a_AT1 convincing_JJ thought_NN1 line_NN1 on_II the_AT parallels_NN2 of_IO sport_NN1 and_CC life_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 has_VHZ followed_VVN that_CST he_PPHS1 finds_VVZ himself_PPX1 a_ZZ1 wanted_VVD speaker_NN1 for_IF all_DB manner_NN1 of_IO occasions_NN2 including_II sales_NN2 conferences_NN2 and_CC business_NN1 seminars_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL He_PPHS1 became_VVD aware_JJ very_RG early_RR in_II his_APPGE coaching_JJ life_NN1 that_CST he_PPHS1 could_VM communicate_VVI with_IW players_NN2 in_II what_DDQ he_PPHS1 thought_VVD was_VBDZ a_AT1 peculiar_JJ way_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Later_RRR he_PPHS1 came_VVD to_TO realise_VVI this_DD1 was_VBDZ the_AT force_NN1 of_IO motivation_NN1 at_II work_NN1 ,_, the_AT meaning_NN1 of_IO which_DDQ ,_, to_II him_PPHO1 ,_, is_VBZ giving_VVG someone_PN1 a_AT1 reason_NN1 to_TO do_VDI something_PN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *"_" I_PPIS1 do_VD0 n't_XX know_VVI how_RRQ or_CC why_RRQ it_PPH1 happened_VVD but_CCB when_RRQ I_PPIS1 realised_VVD I_PPIS1 could_VM get_VVI through_RP to_II players_NN2 I_PPIS1 tried_VVD to_TO analyse_VVI why_RRQ it_PPH1 had_VHD come_VVN about_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL Why_RRQ it_PPH1 was_VBDZ that_CST I_PPIS1 could_VM get_VVI players_NN2 to_TO do_VDI certain_JJ things_NN2 ,_, and_CC I_PPIS1 discovered_VVD the_AT players_NN2 had_VHD to_TO be_VBI in_II a_AT1 receptive_JJ frame_NN1 of_IO mind_NN1 if_CS I_PPIS1 hoped_VVD to_TO succeed_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 might_VM sound_VVI like_II some_DD kind_NN1 of_IO hypnotherapy_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ n't_XX ._. **"_" ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Lowe_NP1 regarded_VVD his_APPGE early_JJ techniques_NN2 as_CS unsophisticated_JJ but_CCB the_AT secret_NN1 lay_VVD in_II putting_VVG the_AT players_NN2 in_II a_AT1 receptive_JJ mood_NN1 and_CC also_RR dealing_VVG with_IW them_PPHO2 on_II common_JJ ground_NN1 ,_, in_II an_AT1 environment_NN1 where_RRQ they_PPHS2 felt_VVD at_II ease_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *"_" I_PPIS1 used_VMK to_TO concentrate_VVI on_II truth_NN1 and_CC honesty_NN1 and_CC the_AT basic_JJ emotions_NN2 of_IO love_NN1 and_CC hate_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL With_IW love_NN1 and_CC hate_NN1 we_PPIS2 tried_VVD to_TO simplify_VVI and_CC divide_VVI everything_PN1 up_RP as_RG much_DA1 as_CSA possible_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL On_II the_AT love_NN1 side_NN1 the_AT players_NN2 would_VM have_VHI their_APPGE families_NN2 ,_, football_NN1 ,_, winning_VVG ,_, new_JJ cars_NN2 ,_, mates_NN2 and_CC girls_NN2 while_CS on_II the_AT hate_JJ side_NN1 there_EX 'd_VM be_VBI losing_VVG ,_, pain_NN1 ,_, sorrow_NN1 ,_, the_AT boredom_NN1 of_IO training_NN1 ,_, injuries_NN2 and_RR31 so_RR32 on_RR33 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 'd_VM have_VHI the_AT players_NN2 admitting_VVG their_APPGE own_DA loves_NN2 and_CC hates_VVZ in_II31 front_II32 of_II33 the_AT team_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX might_VM be_VBI a_AT1 player_NN1 who_PNQS was_VBDZ n't_XX as_RR31 good_RR32 as_RR33 others_NN2 at_II tackling_VVG ._. ^ ^_NULL One_MC1 of_IO the_AT reasons_NN2 might_VM be_VBI because_CS a_AT1 particular_JJ player_NN1 once_RR sat_VVD him_PPHO1 on_II his_APPGE arse_NN1 when_RRQ he_PPHS1 tried_VVD to_TO tackle_VVI him_PPHO1 ,_, meaning_NN1 he_PPHS1 has_VHZ got_VVN this_DD1 thought_NN1 locked_VVN into_II the_AT back_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE mind_NN1 that_CST maybe_RR he_PPHS1 's_VBZ not_XX strong_JJ enough_RR to_TO handle_VVI the_AT job_NN1 of_IO tackling_VVG ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB if_CS we_PPIS2 can_VM encourage_VVI him_PPHO1 to_TO admit_VVI that_DD1 and_CC that_CST he_PPHS1 thinks_VVZ he_PPHS1 could_VM need_VVI help_NN1 ,_, he_PPHS1 very_RG seldom_RR will_VM need_VVI help_NN1 because_CS he_PPHS1 has_VHZ got_VVN the_AT problem_NN1 off_II his_APPGE chest_NN1 in_II31 front_II32 of_II33 his_APPGE peers_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Footballers_NN2 are_VBR a_AT1 very_RG special_JJ lot_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 do_VD0 n't_XX believe_VVI you_PPY can_VM lie_VVI to_II them_PPHO2 or_CC cheat_VV0 them_PPHO2 in_II any_DD way_NN1 because_CS they_PPHS2 'll_VM smell_VVI you_PPY out_RP ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" By_II talking_VVG about_II basic_JJ concepts_NN2 like_II that_DD1 *-_- truth_NN1 ,_, honesty_NN1 ,_, love_NN1 and_CC hate_NN1 *-_- I_PPIS1 can_VM get_VVI players_NN2 in_II a_AT1 receptive_JJ mood_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL You_PPY have_VH0 to_TO compliment_VVI players_NN2 on_II the_AT good_JJ things_NN2 they_PPHS2 've_VH0 done_VDN while_CS also_RR reminding_VVG them_PPHO2 about_II any_DD negative_JJ part_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE game_NN1 but_CCB I_PPIS1 've_VH0 always_RR been_VBN careful_JJ not_XX to_TO leave_VVI a_AT1 player_NN1 or_CC players_NN2 with_IW negative_JJ thoughts_NN2 when_RRQ I_PPIS1 'm_VBM involved_JJ in_II these_DD2 kinds_NN2 of_IO sessions_NNT2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" If_CS we_PPIS2 had_VHD any_DD problem_NN1 areas_NN2 I_PPIS1 'd_VM have_VHI a_AT1 session_NNT1 to_TO try_VVI and_CC rectify_VVI them_PPHO2 at_II training_VVG on_II Tuesday_NPD1 night_NNT1 or_CC ,_, at_II the_AT very_RG latest_JJT ,_, up_II21 to_II22 halfway_JJ through_II the_AT second_MD training_NN1 run_NN1 of_IO the_AT week_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL For_IF most_DAT of_IO the_AT last_MD two_MC sessions_NNT2 of_IO a_AT1 week_NNT1 I_PPIS1 work_VV0 on_II the_AT positive_JJ aspects_NN2 ,_, on_II all_DB the_AT things_NN2 we_PPIS2 do_VD0 right_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT motivational_JJ process_NN1 is_VBZ working_VVG throughout_II the_AT week_NNT1 and_CC ,_, like_II a_AT1 business_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 must_VM also_RR work_VVI throughout_II the_AT year_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Motivation_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 long-term_JJ project_NN1 ;_; there_EX 's_VBZ no_AT way_NN1 you_PPY can_VM use_VVI just_RR the_AT match_NN1 day_NNT1 ,_, it_PPH1 's_VBZ a_AT1 waste_NN1 of_IO time_NNT1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" As_CSA coach_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 see_VV0 my_APPGE job_NN1 as_CSA coming_VVG up_RP with_IW the_AT right_JJ reason_NN1 why_RRQ the_AT players_NN2 should_VM win_VVI ,_, why_RRQ they_PPHS2 should_VM want_VVI to_TO win_VVI and_CC why_RRQ they_PPHS2 should_VM feel_VVI good_JJ about_II themselves_PPX2 ._. ^ *"_" |_NULL ^_NULL Lowe_NP1 's_GE approach_NN1 to_II football_NN1 and_CC life_NN1 is_VBZ also_RR dotted_VVN with_IW little_DA1 catch_NN1 sayings_NN2 ..._... ^ *"_" ^_NULL When_CS you_PPY 're_VBR cruising_VVG ,_, you_PPY 're_VBR losing_VVG **"_" or_CC *"_" ^_NULL The_AT biggest_JJT risk_NN1 in_II life_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX to_TO take_VVI one_PN1 **"_" or_CC *"_" ^_NULL Only_RR perfect_JJ practice_NN1 makes_VVZ perfect_JJ ._. **"_" ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 also_RR likes_VVZ and_CC dwells_VVZ on_II some_DD words_NN2 ,_, particularly_RR *'_" if_CSW **'_" and_CC *'_" self_NN1 ._. ^ **'_" |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" I_PPIS1 like_VV0 the_AT little_JJ words_NN2 and_CC a_AT1 word_NN1 like_II *'_" if_CS **'_" is_VBZ so_RG important_JJ in_II football_NN1 and_CC life_NN1 while_CS the_AT word_NN1 *'_" self_NN1 **'_" is_VBZ one_MC1 of_IO the_AT most_RGT vital_JJ words_NN2 I_PPIS1 use_VV0 ._. ^ ^_NULL Too_RG often_RR you_PPY hear_VV0 people_NN talking_VVG about_II looking_VVG after_II their_APPGE mates_NN2 on_II the_AT football_NN1 field_NN1 when_RRQ the_AT most_RGT important_JJ person_NN1 is_VBZ you_PPY or_CC self_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL If_CS you_PPY can_VM build_VVI that_DD1 self_NN1 up_RP then_RT you_PPY can_VM worry_VVI about_II all_DB the_AT others_NN2 afterwards_RT ,_, but_CCB you_PPY wo_VM n't_XX get_VVI anywhere_RL if_CS you_PPY 're_VBR not_XX greedy_JJ about_II yourself_PPX1 ._. ^ ^_NULL That_DD1 's_VBZ why_RRQ I_PPIS1 also_RR work_VV0 a_RR21 lot_RR22 with_IW players_NN2 on_II an_AT1 individual_JJ basis_NN1 which_DDQ is_VBZ all_DB part_NN1 of_IO the_AT process_NN1 of_IO building_NN1 up_II self_NN1 esteem_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" Any_DD person_NN1 has_VHZ to_TO have_VHI a_AT1 love_NN1 for_IF himself_PPX1 ,_, a_AT1 love_NN1 for_IF his_APPGE family_NN ,_, for_IF his_APPGE mates_NN2 ,_, for_IF the_AT game_NN1 and_CC for_IF winning_VVG but_CCB always_RR they_PPHS2 must_VM be_VBI just_RR in_II31 front_II32 of_II33 the_AT things_NN2 he_PPHS1 hates_VVZ ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 have_VH0 to_TO have_VHI love_NN1 and_CC hate_NN1 in_II life_NN1 and_CC that_DD1 works_VVZ with_IW football_NN1 ._. **"_" ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Lowe_NP1 's_GE feeling_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT dressing_NN1 room_NN1 side_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 coach_NN1 's_VBZ job_NN1 is_VBZ probably_RR overplayed_VVN ;_; most_DAT of_IO his_APPGE work_NN1 with_IW the_AT players_NN2 has_VHZ been_VBN covered_VVN well_RR before_II the_AT dressing_NN1 room_NN1 scene_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT game_NN1 itself_PPX1 is_VBZ a_AT1 tiny_JJ fraction_NN1 of_IO the_AT work_NN1 *-_- preparation_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT key_NN1 ;_; something_PN1 like_II 90_MC per_NNU21 cent_NNU22 of_IO football_NN1 is_VBZ preparation_NN1 for_IF 80_MC minutes_NNT2 of_IO action_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC that_DD1 's_VBZ why_RRQ Lowe_NP1 harps_NN2 on_II the_AT perfect-practice-makes-perfect_FU theme_NN1 ,_, one_MC1 Barassi_NP1 used_VVD with_IW his_APPGE North_NP Melbourne_NP1 Aussie_JJ rules_NN2 side_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" The_AT dressing_NN1 room_NN1 alone_JJ is_VBZ not_XX the_AT time_NNT1 to_TO motivate_VVI a_AT1 player_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 could_VM do_VDI that_DD1 before_II a_AT1 game_NN1 and_CC after_II 10_MC minutes_NNT2 of_IO the_AT match_NN1 he_PPHS1 would_VM have_VHI forgotten_VVN everything_PN1 I_PPIS1 'd_VHD told_VVN him_PPHO1 ,_, **"_" says_VVZ Lowe_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *"_" When_CS you_PPY go_VV0 to_II the_AT dressing_NN1 room_NN1 it_PPH1 ca_VM n't_XX be_VBI with_IW a_AT1 predetermined_JJ message_NN1 for_IF the_AT players_NN2 or_CC for_IF individuals_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL You_PPY can_VM have_VHI a_AT1 couple_NN1 of_IO basic_JJ themes_NN2 about_II control_NN1 of_IO the_AT ball_NN1 or_CC keeping_VVG to_II the_AT game_NN1 plan_NN1 but_CCB any_DD inspirational_JJ message_NN1 has_VHZ to_TO come_VVI from_II the_AT heart_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL If_CS it_PPH1 's_VHZ premeditated_VVN ,_, it_PPH1 wo_VM n't_XX come_VVI from_II the_AT heart_NN1 ,_, the_AT players_NN2 will_VM know_VVI and_CC that_DD1 's_VBZ how_RRQ they_PPHS2 'll_VM respond_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL Allied_JJ to_II providing_VVG any_DD motivational_JJ assistance_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 player_NN1 must_VM be_VBI sufficiently_RR self-motivated_JJ to_TO want_VVI to_TO play_VVI football_NN1 for_IF the_AT whole_JJ season_NNT1 to_TO get_VVI himself_PPX1 to_II training_NN1 and_CC to_TO get_VVI himself_PPX1 to_II the_AT game_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC to_TO be_VBI self-motivated_JJ he_PPHS1 must_VM have_VHI a_AT1 dominant_JJ thought_NN1 *-_- perhaps_RR to_TO be_VBI successful_JJ and_CC to_TO always_RR give_VVI 100_MC per_NNU21 cent_NNU22 ,_, which_DDQ can_VM apply_VVI to_II both_DB2 his_APPGE life_NN1 and_CC his_APPGE football_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Many_DA2 people_NN today_RT talk_VV0 about_II goals_NN2 in_II life_NN1 and_CC goals_NN2 in_II business_NN1 but_CCB I_PPIS1 talk_VV0 about_II dominant_JJ thoughts_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT player_NN1 whose_DDQGE dominant_JJ thought_NN1 is_VBZ getting_VVG on_II the_AT piss_NN1 after_II the_AT game_NN1 is_VBZ no_AT good_JJ to_II anyone_PN1 and_CC neither_DD1 is_VBZ the_AT player_NN1 whose_DDQGE overriding_JJ thought_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO seek_VVI revenge_NN1 on_II some_DD player_NN1 he_PPHS1 has_VHZ had_VHN trouble_NN1 with_IW earlier_JJR in_II the_AT season_NNT1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" As_CSA I_PPIS1 always_RR say_VV0 ,_, though_CS ,_, putting_VVG 100_MC per_NNU21 cent_NNU22 in_RP to_II your_APPGE life_NN1 ,_, your_APPGE work_NN1 or_CC football_NN1 does_VDZ n't_XX give_VVI you_PPY the_AT right_JJ to_TO expect_VVI success_NN1 at_II whatever_DDQV you_PPY 're_VBR trying_VVG to_TO do_VDI ,_, it_PPH1 just_RR provides_VVZ the_AT opportunity_NN1 ._. **"_" ^ |_NULL ^_NULL One_MC1 of_IO Lowe_NP1 's_GE busiest_JJT and_CC most_RGT rewarding_JJ years_NNT2 in_II the_AT motivational_JJ sense_NN1 was_VBDZ his_APPGE first_MD in_II premier_JJ football_NN1 with_IW Otahuhu_NP1 in_II 1977_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL By_II that_DD1 stage_NN1 ,_, he_PPHS1 had_VHD spotted_VVN his_APPGE gifts_NN2 in_II communicating_VVG with_IW his_APPGE players_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL *"_" While_CS I_PPIS1 think_VV0 we_PPIS2 tried_VVD too_RG much_DA1 that_DD1 year_NNT1 we_PPIS2 got_VVD away_RP with_IW it_PPH1 because_CS we_PPIS2 had_VHD a_AT1 group_NN of_IO players_NN2 thirsting_VVG for_IF that_DD1 kind_NN1 of_IO approach_NN1 ,_, **"_" he_PPHS1 recalls_VVZ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" One_MC1 thing_NN1 we_PPIS2 introduced_VVD was_VBDZ the_AT kicking_JJ tee_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL One_MC1 of_IO the_AT players_NN2 in_II the_AT team_NN ,_, Michael_NP1 Simons_NP1 ,_, had_VHD just_RR come_VVN back_RP from_II the_AT United_NP States_NP1 and_CC brought_VVD a_AT1 grid_NN1 iron_NN1 kicking_VVG tee_NN1 with_IW him_PPHO1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 'd_VM never_RR seen_VVN one_PN1 before_CS but_RR told_VVD him_PPHO1 I_PPIS1 might_VM use_VVI it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 got_VVD on_RP to_II Brian_NP1 Doherty_NP1 at_II the_AT *1_NULL Auckland_NP1 Star_NN1 *0_NULL to_TO tell_VVI him_PPHO1 we_PPIS2 had_VHD a_AT1 new_JJ secret_JJ weapon_NN1 we_PPIS2 were_VBDR going_VVGK to_TO use_VVI ;_; I_PPIS1 use_VV0 the_AT media_NN because_CS it_PPH1 's_VBZ one_MC1 of_IO the_AT most_RGT powerful_JJ forms_NN2 of_IO motivation_NN1 there_EX is_VBZ ._. ^ ^_NULL With_IW this_DD1 tee_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 basically_RR said_VVD whoever_PNQV 's_VBZ going_VVGK to_TO use_VVI it_PPH1 could_VM use_VVI either_DD1 foot_NN1 and_CC still_RR kick_VV0 goals_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 caused_VVD an_AT1 uproar_NN1 ,_, even_CS21 though_CS22 we_PPIS2 never_RR used_VVD the_AT tee_NN1 ,_, but_CCB straight_RR away_RR that_DD1 kind_NN1 of_IO technique_NN1 put_VVD the_AT Otahuhu_NP1 players_NN2 up_RP on_II a_AT1 platform_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT same_DA thing_NN1 happened_VVN with_IW the_AT moves_NN2 we_PPIS2 introduced_VVD that_DD1 year_NNT1 ,_, many_DA2 of_IO which_DDQ were_VBDR designed_VVN ,_, in_II a_AT1 roundabout_JJ way_NN1 ,_, to_TO lift_VVI the_AT self_NN1 esteem_NN1 of_IO the_AT players_NN2 and_CC to_TO build_VVI their_APPGE own_DA confidence_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL That_DD1 was_VBDZ as_RG much_RR the_AT reason_NN1 for_IF doing_VDG the_AT moves_NN2 because_CS it_PPH1 identified_VVD the_AT players_NN2 with_IW something_PN1 special_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 used_VVD one_MC1 move_NN1 from_II the_AT kick_NN1 from_II a_AT1 penalty_NN1 where_RRQ we_PPIS2 took_VVD three_MC players_NN2 out_II21 of_II22 the_AT field_NN1 of_IO play_NN1 and_CC had_VHD them_PPHO2 run_VVN down_RP the_AT touch_NN1 **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL -line_NN1 about_RG 30_MC or_CC so_RR metres_NNU2 to_II where_RRQ they_PPHS2 thought_VVD the_AT ball_NN1 would_VM go_VVI out_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL Then_RT they_PPHS2 'd_VM go_VVI straight_RR out_RP on_II21 to_II22 the_AT field_NN1 ,_, tap_NN1 it_PPH1 and_CC carry_VV0 on_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 caused_VVD chaos_NN1 with_IW the_AT referees_NN2 and_CC opposition_NN1 but_CCB as_RG much_DA1 as_CSA anything_PN1 I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ trying_VVG to_TO stimulate_VVI the_AT players_NN2 with_IW a_AT1 move_NN1 like_II that_DD1 ._. **"_" ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Over_II the_AT years_NNT2 ,_, Lowe_NP1 had_VHD used_VVN the_AT same_DA kind_NN1 of_IO approach_NN1 with_IW all_DB teams_NN2 including_II netball_NN1 ,_, Aussie_JJ rules_NN2 ,_, softball_NN1 ,_, cricket_NN1 and_CC soccer_NN1 teams_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 's_VHZ forever_RT invited_VVN to_II training_VVG sessions_NNT2 of_IO some_DD sport_NN1 he_PPHS1 has_VHZ had_VHN no_AT previous_JJ dealing_NN1 with_IW ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT ideas_NN2 used_VVN have_VH0 varied_VVN with_IW his_APPGE league_NN1 teams_NN2 from_II writing_VVG personal_JJ letters_NN2 to_II his_APPGE players_NN2 or_CC to_II using_VVG classical_JJ music_NN1 in_II the_AT dressing_NN1 room_NN1 to_TO help_VVI with_IW *'_" mental_JJ rehearsal_NN1 ._. ^ **'_" ^_NULL He_PPHS1 also_RR introduced_VVD the_AT idea_NN1 of_IO messages_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL When_CS the_AT players_NN2 were_VBDR dropping_VVG a_AT1 lot_NN of_IO ball_NN1 at_II training_VVG at_II Otahuhu_NP1 one_MC1 night_NNT1 ,_, he_PPHS1 wrote_VVD a_AT1 little_JJ note_NN1 on_II the_AT ball_NN1 ,_, reading_VVG :_: ^_NULL *"_" I_PPIS1 am_VBM a_AT1 ball_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Do_VD0 n't_XX drop_VVI me_PPIO1 ,_, **"_" and_CC gave_VVD it_PPH1 back_RP to_II the_AT players_NN2 to_TO have_VHI a_AT1 look_NN1 at_II ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 203+TEXT+G16_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL February_NPM1 started_VVD with_IW a_AT1 hiss_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 roar_NN1 when_RRQ Philip_NP1 had_VHD a_AT1 motorbike_NN1 accident_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 smashed_VVD his_APPGE foot_NN1 up_RP fairly_RR badly_RR as_CSA he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ stupidly_RR wearing_VVG just_JJ jandals_NN2 at_II the_AT time_NNT1 of_IO the_AT accident_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ n't_XX too_RG bad_JJ though_CS and_CC was_VBDZ home_RL in_II a_AT1 couple_NN1 of_IO days_NNT2 on_II crutches_NN2 and_CC running_VVG us_PPIO2 ragged_VVD trying_VVG to_TO get_VVI things_NN2 for_IF him_PPHO1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 soon_RR dawned_VVD on_II us_PPIO2 after_II the_AT first_MD couple_NN1 of_IO days_NNT2 that_CST he_PPHS1 really_RR was_VBDZ n't_XX as_RG incapacitated_JJ as_CSA we_PPIS2 first_MD thought_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Lynley_NP1 and_CC I_PPIS1 caught_VVD him_PPHO1 out_RP walking_VVG up_RP the_AT hallway_NN1 without_IW the_AT aid_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE crutches_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL On_II the_AT next_MD Wednesday_NPD1 while_CS I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ at_II a_AT1 clinic_NN1 appointment_NN1 at_II Kew_NP1 I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ told_VVN that_CST on_II the_AT basis_NN1 of_IO the_AT findings_NN2 from_II recent_JJ x-rays_NN2 that_CST the_AT cysts_NN2 had_VHD disappeared_VVN from_II my_APPGE lungs_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ very_RG pleased_JJ as_CSA I_PPIS1 always_RR thought_VVN cysts_NN2 sounded_VVD very_RG unclean_JJ things_NN2 to_TO have_VHI inside_NN1 of_IO you_PPY ._. ^ ^_NULL \_NULL Dr_NNB O'Hagan_NP1 decided_VVD he_PPHS1 'd_VM decrease_VVI my_APPGE prednisone_NN1 to_II 5_MC \_NULL mg_NNU which_DDQ did_VDD n't_XX thrill_VVI me_PPIO1 all_DB that_RG much_DA1 as_CSA I_PPIS1 knew_VVD that_CST with_IW the_AT smaller_JJR dose_NN1 I_PPIS1 would_VM soon_RR start_VVI to_TO feel_VVI lousy_JJ all_RR over_II again_RT ._. ^ ^_NULL Sure_JJ enough_RR ,_, by_II the_AT second_MD day_NNT1 the_AT effects_NN2 had_VHD started_VVN to_TO really_RR wear_VVI off_RP and_CC I_PPIS1 had_VHD a_AT1 lot_NN of_IO trouble_NN1 sleeping_VVG that_DD1 night_NNT1 with_IW really_RR bad_JJ stomach_NN1 cramps_NN2 and_CC feeling_NN1 nauseated_VVD ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL On_II the_AT Saturday_NPD1 two_MC teachers_NN2 from_II Kingswell_NP1 High_JJ School_NN1 in_II the_AT city_NN1 ,_, Michael_NP1 Deaker_NP1 and_CC Doug_NP1 Cooper_NP1 ,_, came_VVD to_TO discuss_VVI the_AT year_NNT1 's_GE correspondence_NN1 school_NN1 work_NN1 and_CC the_AT need_NN1 for_IF having_VHG a_AT1 tutor_NN1 that_DD1 year_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ so_RG conscious_JJ of_IO making_VVG a_AT1 good_JJ impression_NN1 and_CC got_VVD very_RG embarrassed_JJ when_RRQ every_AT1 time_NNT1 I_PPIS1 went_VVD to_TO speak_VVI I_ZZ1 'd_VM start_VVI to_TO cough_VVI a_PN21 lot_PN22 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Dad_NN1 decided_VVD that_CST I_PPIS1 might_VM benefit_VVI if_CSW he_PPHS1 rented_VVD me_PPIO1 an_AT1 exercycle_NN1 to_TO work_VVI on_RP and_CC so_CS I_PPIS1 soon_RR started_VVD pedalling_VVG away_RP on_II that_DD1 ._. ^ ^_NULL An_AT1 occupational_JJ therapist_NN1 was_VBDZ coming_VVG out_RP to_TO see_VVI me_PPIO1 and_CC I_PPIS1 did_VDD some_RR string_VVI art_NN1 and_CC made_VVD a_AT1 botanical_JJ garden_NN1 in_II a_AT1 large_JJ bottle_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL \_NULL Mr_NNB Cooper_NP1 came_VVD back_RP out_RP that_DD1 Saturday_NPD1 and_CC I_PPIS1 really_RR enjoyed_VVD having_VHG a_AT1 teacher_NN1 again_RT and_CC it_PPH1 was_VBDZ especially_RR good_JJ having_VHG a_AT1 one-to-one_MC relationship_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Mum_NN1 and_CC Dad_NN1 went_VVD away_RP for_IF a_AT1 couple_NN1 of_IO days_NNT2 up_II21 to_II22 Wellington_NP1 that_DD1 month_NNT1 to_TO see_VVI Robert_NP1 and_CC Sue_NP1 who_PNQS were_VBDR living_VVG there_RL at_II the_AT time_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ a_RR21 little_RR22 worried_JJ about_II having_VHG Grandma_NN1 and_CC Grandad_NN1 to_TO look_VVI after_II us_PPIO2 but_CCB I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ pleased_VVN that_CST they_PPHS2 came_VVD to_II our_APPGE house_NN1 and_CC not_XX the_AT other_JJ way_NN1 round_RP as_CSA it_PPH1 meant_VVD that_CST we_PPIS2 had_VHD all_DB our_APPGE things_NN2 around_II us_PPIO2 and_CC that_DD1 way_NN1 we_PPIS2 would_VM n't_XX get_VVI quite_RG so_RG bored_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL On_II the_AT 2nd_MD of_IO March_NPM1 Grandad_NN1 turned_VVD 80_MC and_CC I_PPIS1 wondered_VVD if_CSW I_PPIS1 'd_VM ever_RR reach_VVI such_DA an_AT1 age_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ getting_VVG frustrated_VVN not_XX having_VHG people_NN outside_II the_AT family_NN to_TO talk_VVI with_IW and_CC I_PPIS1 started_VVD driving_VVG everyone_PN1 crazy_JJ always_RR asking_VVG so_RG many_DA2 questions_NN2 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ so_RG hurt_VVN the_AT next_MD day_NNT1 when_RRQ I_PPIS1 overheard_VVD one_MC1 of_IO Mum_NN1 's_VHZ friends_NN2 saying_VVG that_DD1 Mum_NN1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 virtual_JJ prisoner_NN1 in_II her_APPGE own_DA home_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 felt_VVD very_RG guilty_JJ over_II this_DD1 but_CCB angry_JJ also_RR at_II the_AT thoughtlessness_NN1 of_IO the_AT friend_NN1 as_CSA she_PPHS1 really_RR did_VDD n't_XX know_VVI what_DDQ she_PPHS1 was_VBDZ talking_VVG about_II at_RR21 all_RR22 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ big_JJ excitement_NN1 that_DD1 Saturday_NPD1 when_RRQ Philip_NP1 decided_VVD that_CST he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ going_VVGK to_TO go_VVI out_RP to_TO live_VVI in_II a_AT1 flat_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Mum_NN1 was_VBDZ very_RG hurt_JJ ,_, which_DDQ I_PPIS1 could_VM n't_XX understand_VVI as_CSA I_PPIS1 thought_VVD it_PPH1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 natural_JJ progression_NN1 of_IO all_DB young_JJ people_NN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL On_II the_AT 14th_MD \_NULL Dr_NNB O'Hagan_NP1 came_VVD out_RP to_TO see_VVI me_PPIO1 which_DDQ I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ very_RG pleased_JJ about_RP as_CSA it_PPH1 was_VBDZ planned_VVN that_CST we_PPIS2 'd_VM go_VVI up_II21 to_II22 Queenstown_NP1 for_IF the_AT Easter_NNT1 holidays_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ n't_XX feeling_VVG so_RG good_JJ of_IO late_JJ and_CC wanted_VVD him_PPHO1 to_TO make_VVI sure_JJ that_CST I_PPIS1 would_VM n't_XX have_VHI to_TO go_VVI into_II hospital_NN1 and_CC stuff_NN1 up_II another_DD1 holiday_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Soon_RR it_PPH1 was_VBDZ \_NULL St_NP Patrick_NP1 's_GE day_NNT1 and_CC I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ feeling_VVG really_RR bad_JJ with_IW a_AT1 throbbing_JJ headache_NN1 so_RG bad_JJ that_CST when_CS I_PPIS1 opened_VVD my_APPGE eyelids_NN2 it_PPH1 would_VM just_RR make_VVI me_PPIO1 want_VVI to_TO scream_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 remember_VV0 Dad_NN1 brought_VVD home_RL green_JJ sandwiches_NN2 which_DDQ had_VHD been_VBN on_II sale_NN1 at_II the_AT Southland_NP1 Frozen_JJ Meat_NN1 Company_NNJ cafeteria_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 looked_VVD really_RR bilious_JJ and_CC I_PPIS1 did_VDD n't_XX attempt_VVI one_PN1 at_RR21 all_RR22 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Pressure_NN1 was_VBDZ beginning_VVG to_TO build_VVI up_RP with_IW me_PPIO1 and_CC I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ finding_VVG everyone_PN1 was_VBDZ trying_VVG to_TO get_VVI me_PPIO1 out_RP and_CC about_RP but_CCB I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ so_RG scared_JJ to_TO go_VVI where_CS there_EX were_VBDR any_DD crowds_NN2 at_RR21 all_RR22 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Out_II21 of_II22 the_AT blue_JJ one_PN1 day_NNT1 the_AT subject_NN1 of_IO Social_JJ Welfare_NN1 benefits_NN2 came_VVD up_RP with_IW \_NULL Dr_NNB O'Hagan_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 said_VVD I_PPIS1 should_VM be_VBI on_II one_MC1 ,_, and_CC was_VBDZ surprised_JJ I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ n't_XX ,_, but_CCB Mum_NN1 was_VBDZ n't_XX going_VVGK to_TO have_VHI it_PPH1 as_CSA she_PPHS1 felt_VVD that_CST I_PPIS1 should_VM be_VBI supported_VVN by_II the_AT family_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL \_NULL Dr_NNB O'Hagan_NP1 said_VVD that_CST if_CS I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ to_TO have_VHI any_DD independence_NN1 at_RR21 all_RR22 then_RT I_PPIS1 would_VM have_VHI to_TO be_VBI able_JJ to_TO support_VVI myself_PPX1 and_CC that_CST seemed_VVD to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 good_JJ way_NN1 to_TO start_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT end_NN1 Mum_NN1 was_VBDZ finally_RR persuaded_VVN as_CSA was_VBDZ always_RR the_AT case_NN1 when_CS anyone_PN1 came_VVD up_RP against_II \_NULL Dr_NNB O'Hagan_NP1 in_II battle_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL At_II Easter_NNT1 I_PPIS1 made_VVD it_PPH1 to_II Queenstown_NP1 and_CC a_AT1 lovely_JJ time_NNT1 was_VBDZ had_VHN by_II all_DB although_CS with_IW Grandma_NN1 and_CC Grandad_NN1 there_RL as_RR21 well_RR22 it_PPH1 really_RR was_VBDZ too_RG much_DA1 for_IF me_PPIO1 with_IW the_AT constant_JJ chatter_NN1 all_DB the_AT time_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL One_MC1 day_NNT1 Dad_NN1 bought_VVD me_PPIO1 a_AT1 dress_NN1 and_CC then_RT that_DD1 night_NNT1 we_PPIS2 all_DB went_VVD out_RP for_IF dinner_NN1 to_II The_AT Ramada_NP1 Inn_NNL1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ really_RR wonderful_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ always_RR conscious_JJ of_IO the_AT fact_NN1 that_CST people_NN were_VBDR often_RR staring_VVG at_II me_PPIO1 and_CC I_PPIS1 could_VM hear_VVI them_PPHO2 discussing_VVG the_AT unusual_JJ tubing_NN1 on_II my_APPGE face_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 even_RR heard_VVD one_MC1 mother_NN1 say_VVI to_II her_APPGE child_NN1 not_XX to_TO go_VVI near_II me_PPIO1 as_CSA it_PPH1 might_VM be_VBI catching_VVG ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 felt_VVD so_RG unclean_JJ and_CC I_PPIS1 would_VM always_RR avoid_VVI looking_VVG at_II people_NN in_II the_AT eye_NN1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL We_PPIS2 got_VVD home_RL on_II the_AT 29th_MD and_CC it_PPH1 was_VBDZ n't_XX to_TO be_VBI very_RG long_RR before_CS I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ to_TO hear_VVI the_AT next_MD plan_NN1 \_NULL Dr_NNB O'Hagan_NP1 had_VHD in_II store_NN1 for_IF me_PPIO1 ._. ^ ^_NULL On_II April_NPM1 the_AT 11th_MD he_PPHS1 said_VVD it_PPH1 might_VM be_VBI a_AT1 good_JJ idea_NN1 for_IF me_PPIO1 to_TO go_VVI to_II a_AT1 school_NN1 once_RR a_AT1 week_NNT1 to_TO get_VVI me_PPIO1 seeing_VVG people_NN my_APPGE own_DA age_NN1 and_CC ,_, getting_VVG out_RP once_RR a_AT1 week_NNT1 ,_, I_PPIS1 might_VM learn_VVI something_PN1 into_II the_AT bargain_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL He_PPHS1 got_VVD in_II31 touch_II32 with_II33 Michael_NP1 Deaker_NP1 and_CC Doug_NP1 Cooper_NP1 ,_, from_II Kingswell_NP1 High_JJ School_NN1 ,_, and_CC it_PPH1 was_VBDZ soon_RR decided_VVN for_IF me_PPIO1 that_CST I_PPIS1 should_VM go_VVI there_RL one_MC1 day_NNT1 just_RR to_TO see_VVI how_RRQ I_PPIS1 liked_VVD it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 think_VV0 this_DD1 was_VBDZ just_RR a_AT1 short-term_JJ measure_NN1 on_II their_APPGE behalf_NN1 as_CSA knowing_VVG \_NULL Dr_NNB O'Hagan_NP1 he_PPHS1 had_VHD probably_RR decided_VVN that_CST I_PPIS1 would_VM like_VVI it_PPH1 anyway_RR ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 went_VVD on_II the_AT 19th_MD and_CC I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ so_RG scared_JJ that_CST I_PPIS1 felt_VVD dizzy_JJ all_DB day_NNT1 and_CC was_VBDZ sure_JJ I_PPIS1 would_VM faint_VVI dead_JJ away_RL ._. ^ ^_NULL Everyone_PN1 was_VBDZ really_RR nice_JJ and_CC went_VVD out_II21 of_II22 their_APPGE way_NN1 to_TO make_VVI me_PPIO1 feel_NN1 as_RG welcome_JJ as_CSA they_PPHS2 could_VM and_CC did_VDD n't_XX seem_VVI at_RR21 all_RR22 put_VVN off_RP by_II all_DB my_APPGE medical_JJ paraphernalia_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL Unfortunately_RR ,_, apart_II21 from_II22 everybody_PN1 being_VBG very_RG nice_JJ towards_II me_PPIO1 ,_, I_PPIS1 found_VVD the_AT day_NNT1 to_TO be_VBI very_RG boring_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Perhaps_RR it_PPH1 was_VBDZ because_CS I_PPIS1 had_VHD no_AT real_JJ work_NN1 to_TO do_VDI and_CC was_VBDZ only_RR a_AT1 spectator_NN1 in_II the_AT classes_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Anyway_RR the_AT rest_NN1 of_IO the_AT week_NNT1 passed_VVD quite_RG nicely_RR and_CC I_PPIS1 passed_VVD two_MC mathematics_NN1 tests_NN2 which_DDQ were_VBDR really_RR quite_RG hard_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 got_VVD 67%_NNU for_IF one_MC1 and_CC 71%_NNU for_IF the_AT other_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Maths_NN1 was_VBDZ always_RR my_APPGE favourite_JJ subject_NN1 followed_VVD very_RG closely_RR by_II English_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL During_II this_DD1 time_NNT1 a_AT1 girl_NN1 from_II Kingswell_NP1 came_VVD out_RP to_TO see_VVI me_PPIO1 all_DB in_II the_AT hope_NN1 that_CST I_PPIS1 would_VM really_RR be_VBI switched_VVN on_II21 to_II22 the_AT idea_NN1 of_IO going_VVG there_RL in_II a_AT1 couple_NN1 of_IO weeks_NNT2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Eventually_RR I_PPIS1 did_VDD go_VVI and_CC I_PPIS1 have_VH0 to_TO admit_VVI I_MC1 quite_RG enjoyed_VVD it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL However_RR ,_, I_PPIS1 still_RR felt_VVD like_CS I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ n't_XX really_RR doing_VDG anything_PN1 there_RL at_RR21 all_RR22 and_CC so_CS when_RRQ \_NULL Dr_NNB O'Hagan_NP1 asked_VVD me_PPIO1 the_AT next_MD day_NNT1 if_CS I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ enjoying_VVG it_PPH1 I_PPIS1 said_VVD that_CST in_II my_APPGE opinion_NN1 it_PPH1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 total_JJ waste_NN1 of_IO time_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 really_RR told_VVD me_PPIO1 what_DDQ for_IF and_CC laid_VVD it_PPH1 on_II the_AT line_NN1 that_CST it_PPH1 was_VBDZ in_II my_APPGE best_JJT interests_NN2 and_CC that_CST maybe_RR I_PPIS1 really_RR did_VDD n't_XX want_VVI any_DD friends_NN2 at_RR21 all_RR22 but_CCB instead_RR liked_VVN to_TO be_VBI at_II home_RL all_DB the_AT time_NNT1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 told_VVD him_PPHO1 that_CST he_PPHS1 may_VM be_VBI a_AT1 good_JJ medical_JJ doctor_NN1 but_CCB he_PPHS1 certainly_RR was_VBDZ a_AT1 lousy_JJ psychologist_NN1 and_CC he_PPHS1 should_VM stick_VVI to_II his_APPGE own_DA field_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 did_VDD n't_XX seem_VVI to_TO mind_VVI this_DD1 retort_NN1 too_RG much_DA1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 always_RR felt_VVD that_CST he_PPHS1 respected_VVD people_NN for_IF telling_VVG him_PPHO1 how_RRQ they_PPHS2 felt_VVD and_CC for_IF not_XX letting_VVG people_NN push_VVI them_PPHO2 around_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL Needless_NP1 to_TO say_VVI ,_, Mum_NN1 was_VBDZ highly_RR embarrassed_JJ and_CC told_VVD me_PPIO1 off_RP for_IF not_XX having_VHG the_AT proper_JJ respect_NN1 for_IF my_APPGE elders_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL After_CS a_DD221 few_DD222 days_NNT2 I_PPIS1 began_VVD to_TO realize_VVI that_CST although_CS he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ very_RG pushy_JJ he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ doing_VDG it_PPH1 for_IF my_APPGE own_DA benefit_NN1 and_CC he_PPHS1 only_RR wanted_VVD the_AT best_JJT for_IF me_PPIO1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT next_MD night_NNT1 Lynley_NP1 and_CC I_PPIS1 went_VVD to_TO see_VVI the_AT Leo_NP1 Sayer_NP1 concert_NN1 at_II the_AT Civic_JJ Theatre_NNL1 in_II town_NN1 and_CC I_PPIS1 had_VHD a_AT1 really_RR good_JJ time_NNT1 and_CC for_RR21 once_RR22 did_VDD n't_XX care_VVI that_CST I_PPIS1 had_VHD oxygen_NN1 at_RR21 all_RR22 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II June_NPM1 one_MC1 of_IO my_APPGE correspondence_NN1 school_NN1 teachers_NN2 came_VVD out_RP to_TO see_VVI how_RRQ I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ getting_VVG along_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 felt_VVD at_II that_DD1 time_NNT1 that_CST he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ merely_RR humouring_VVG me_PPIO1 and_CC thought_VVD it_PPH1 was_VBDZ really_RR just_RR to_TO give_VVI me_PPIO1 something_PN1 to_TO do_VDI ,_, *"_" an_AT1 interest_NN1 for_IF you_PPY dear_JJ **"_" ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL On_II June_NPM1 the_AT 11th_MD I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ confirmed_VVN into_II the_AT Presbyterian_JJ church_NN1 by_II the_AT Reverend_NNB David_NP1 Borne_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL For_IF some_DD time_NNT1 now_RT since_CS my_APPGE illness_NN1 began_VVD I_PPIS1 had_VHD come_VVN to_TO draw_VVI upon_II what_DDQ faith_NN1 I_PPIS1 had_VHD and_CC to_TO question_VVI a_AT1 lot_NN of_IO my_APPGE previous_JJ values_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL David_NP1 Borne_NP1 had_VHD come_VVN out_RP to_TO see_VVI me_PPIO1 quite_RG often_RR and_CC had_VHD been_VBN very_RG ready_JJ to_TO discuss_VVI and_CC answer_VVI any_DD questions_NN2 I_PPIS1 had_VHD on_II religion_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 had_VHD thought_VVN that_CST if_CS you_PPY still_RR had_VHN doubts_NN2 then_RT you_PPY could_VM n't_XX in_II all_DB honesty_NN1 confirm_VV0 your_APPGE belief_NN1 in_II God_NP1 whereas_CS David_NP1 Borne_NP1 had_VHD taught_VVN me_PPIO1 that_CST it_PPH1 was_VBDZ n't_XX so_RG much_DA1 doubts_NN2 I_PPIS1 had_VHD but_RR instead_RR questions_NN2 and_CC a_AT1 good_JJ Christian_NN1 should_VM always_RR be_VBI seeking_VVG the_AT truth_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL July_NPM1 started_VVD off_RP very_RG well_RR at_RR21 first_RR22 and_CC I_PPIS1 enjoyed_VVD that_DD1 year_NNT1 's_GE telethon_NN1 which_DDQ raised_VVD *+_NULL $3million_NNU for_IF *"_" The_AT Year_NNT1 of_IO the_AT Disabled_JJ **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL However_RR ,_, the_AT next_MD night_NNT1 I_PPIS1 heard_VVD that_CST someone_PN1 I_PPIS1 knew_VVD had_VHD only_RR 12_MC months_NNT2 to_TO live_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 shattered_VVD me_PPIO1 as_RG at_RR21 least_RR22 I_PPIS1 did_VDD n't_XX know_VVI how_RGQ long_RR I_PPIS1 would_VM have_VHI to_TO live_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 wrote_VVD a_AT1 letter_NN1 to_II his_APPGE family_NN expressing_VVG my_APPGE feelings_NN2 ,_, but_CCB I_PPIS1 wrote_VVD it_PPH1 in_II my_APPGE diary_NN1 and_CC never_RR did_VDD send_VVI it_PPH1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT 12th_MD of_IO July_NPM1 was_VBDZ my_APPGE 17th_MD birthday_NN1 and_CC I_PPIS1 had_VHD a_AT1 very_RG happy_JJ day_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 got_VVD some_DD earrings_NN2 ,_, a_AT1 nightie_NN1 ,_, the_AT *"_" Saturday_NPD1 Night_NNT1 Fever_NP1 **"_" tape_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 gold_JJ chain_NN1 and_CC an_AT1 angora_NN1 jersey_NN1 from_II Mum_NN1 and_CC Dad_NN1 ,_, plus_II three_MC telegrams_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL To_TO celebrate_VVI ,_, on_II the_AT 14th_MD we_PPIS2 all_DB went_VVD to_II the_AT Ascot_NP Park_NNL1 Hotel_NN1 for_IF dinner_NN1 and_CC although_CS my_APPGE oxygen_NN1 ran_VVD out_RP during_II the_AT meal_NN1 I_PPIS1 managed_VVD to_TO put_VVI away_RP a_AT1 steak_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 crayfish_NN1 cocktail_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 raspberry_NN1 sundae_NN1 ,_, some_DD wine_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 gin_NN1 and_CC tonic_NN1 ,_, so_CS I_PPIS1 did_VDD n't_XX think_VVI I_ZZ1 did_VDD too_RR badly_RR ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 started_VVD going_VVG out_RP a_PN121 bit_PN122 more_DAR in_II the_AT next_MD few_DA2 weeks_NNT2 and_CC managed_VVD to_TO see_VVI the_AT movie_NN1 *"_" Saturday_NPD1 Night_NNT1 Fever_NP1 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC ,_, for_IF the_AT August_NPM1 school_NN1 holidays_NN2 we_PPIS2 all_DB went_VVD up_II21 to_II22 Dunedin_NP1 to_II stay_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL We_PPIS2 were_VBDR very_RG fortunate_JJ to_TO be_VBI able_JJ to_TO stay_VVI in_II Robyn_NP1 Carr_NP1 's_GE parents_NN2 '_GE house_NN1 up_RP there_RL ._. ^ ^_NULL Robyn_NP1 had_VHD gone_VVN to_II school_NN1 with_IW me_PPIO1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 also_RR went_VVD up_II21 to_II22 Christchurch_NP1 for_IF a_AT1 weekend_NNT1 as_RR21 well_RR22 and_CC Robert_NP1 and_CC Sue_NP1 came_VVD down_RP from_II Wellington_NP1 to_TO spend_VVI the_AT time_NNT1 with_IW us_PPIO2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Much_RR to_II Lynley_NP1 's_GE and_CC my_APPGE delight_NN1 in_II the_AT motel_NN1 next_II21 to_II22 us_PPIO2 was_VBDZ a_AT1 local_JJ New_NP Zealand_NP1 group_NN called_VVN *"_" Golden_JJ Harvest_NN1 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 were_VBDR there_RL entered_VVN in_II a_AT1 national_JJ talent_NN1 competition_NN1 at_II the_AT time_NNT1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II the_AT next_MD few_DA2 days_NNT2 when_RRQ we_PPIS2 got_VVD back_RP down_RP to_II Dunedin_NP1 ,_, Robyn_NP1 Carr_NP1 asked_VVD Lynley_NP1 and_CC me_PPIO1 to_II the_AT movies_NN2 with_IW her_PPHO1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 went_VVD to_II *"_" Grease_NN1 **"_" and_CC thoroughly_RR enjoyed_VVD it_PPH1 and_CC when_CS we_PPIS2 came_VVD out_RP I_PPIS1 bumped_VVD into_II Sally_NP Wood_NNL1 and_CC Karen_NP1 Aubrey_NP1 in_II the_AT Octagon_NN1 ,_, two_MC other_JJ school_NN1 friends_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Bill_NP1 Bowers_NP1 phoned_VVD the_AT next_MD day_NNT1 and_CC asked_VVD if_CSW I_PPIS1 'd_VM like_VVI to_TO come_VVI to_II their_APPGE place_NN1 the_AT next_MD day_NNT1 and_CC see_VV0 their_APPGE new_JJ daughter_NN1 Jenny_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 had_VHD a_AT1 lovely_JJ time_NNT1 that_DD1 day_NNT1 bathing_VVG and_CC playing_VVG with_IW the_AT two_MC girls_NN2 ,_, Jenny_NP1 and_CC Clare_NP1 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 204+TEXT+G17_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Our_APPGE second_MD day_NNT1 in_II Lhasa_NP1 was_VBDZ spent_VVN exploring_VVG the_AT Potala_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT guide_NN1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 charming_JJ and_CC open_JJ lady_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 cute_JJ little_JJ freckled_JJ nose_NN1 ,_, called_VVN Jang_NP1 Jiang_NP1 June_NPM1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Unlike_II most_DAT of_IO the_AT Chinese_NN1 that_CST we_PPIS2 had_VHD met_VVN she_PPHS1 was_VBDZ happy_JJ to_TO speak_VVI openly_RR on_II just_RR21 about_RR22 any_DD subject_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL To_TO reach_VVI the_AT Potala_NP1 we_PPIS2 climbed_VVD the_AT great_JJ line_NN1 of_IO worn_JJ stone_NN1 steps_NN2 ,_, feeling_VVG a_AT1 bit_NN1 like_VVI flies_NN2 on_II an_AT1 elephant_NN1 's_VBZ backside_NN1 *-_- the_AT immense_JJ monastery_NN1 with_IW its_APPGE white_JJ stone_NN1 and_CC ochre_JJ walls_NN2 capped_VVD with_IW tarnished_JJ gold_NN1 roof_NN1 towering_JJ 300_MC feet_NN2 above_II us_PPIO2 was_VBDZ like_II a_AT1 small_JJ Chomolungma_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Potala_NP1 was_VBDZ built_VVN on_II the_AT ruins_NN2 of_IO an_AT1 ancient_JJ royal_JJ palace_NN1 by_II perhaps_RR the_AT greatest_JJT of_IO the_AT Dalai_NP1 Lamas_NP1 ,_, Ngawang_NP1 Lozang_NP1 Gyatsu_NP1 ,_, the_AT Great_JJ Fifth_MD ,_, who_PNQS appears_VVZ to_TO have_VHI united_VVN Tibet_NP1 under_II the_AT religious_JJ philosophy_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE Yellow_JJ Sect_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL His_APPGE teacher_NN1 was_VBDZ the_AT abbot_NN1 of_IO Tashilungpo_NP1 monastery_NN1 at_II Xigatse_NP1 and_CC to_II him_PPHO1 the_AT Great_JJ Fifth_MD gave_VVD the_AT title_NN1 of_IO Panchen_NP1 Rimpoche_NP1 ,_, Precious_JJ Great_JJ Scholar_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL To_II the_AT Panchen_NP1 Lamas_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS have_VH0 succeeded_VVN each_PPX221 other_PPX222 by_II a_AT1 similar_JJ process_NN1 of_IO reincarnation_NN1 to_II the_AT Dalai_NP1 Lamas_NP1 ,_, fell_VVD much_DA1 of_IO the_AT responsibility_NN1 for_IF the_AT administration_NN of_IO Tibet_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Mongol_JJ chief_NN1 ,_, Gushri_NP1 Khan_NNA ,_, took_VVD responsibility_NN1 for_IF the_AT defence_NN1 of_IO the_AT country_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL More_RR21 than_RR22 300_MC years_NNT2 later_RRR as_CSA I_PPIS1 climbed_VVD the_AT great_JJ stone_NN1 staircase_NN1 in_II31 front_II32 of_II33 the_AT Potala_NP1 I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ surprised_JJ by_II my_APPGE own_DA emotional_JJ detachment_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 had_VHD expected_VVN to_TO be_VBI overwhelmed_VVN by_II the_AT place_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL After_CS so_RG many_DA2 years_NNT2 of_IO wandering_VVG through_II the_AT Himalayan_JJ region_NN1 south_ND1 of_IO the_AT border_NN1 ,_, dreaming_VVG of_IO a_AT1 visit_NN1 to_II this_DD1 forbidden_JJ shrine_NN1 ,_, here_RL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB somehow_RR my_APPGE heart_NN1 was_VBDZ empty_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Like_II so_RG many_DA2 grand_JJ old_JJ buildings_NN2 whose_DDQGE time_NNT1 is_VBZ gone_VVN ,_, the_AT Potala_NP1 was_VBDZ now_RT a_AT1 lifeless_JJ giant_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 reminder_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 religious_JJ regime_NN1 that_CST many_DA2 would_VM sooner_RRR forget_VVI ,_, a_AT1 museum_NNL1 of_IO Buddhist_NN1 bric-a_AT1 *?_NULL 3-brac_NN1 where_RRQ tourists_NN2 wheeze_VV0 up_RP endless_JJ staircases_NN2 ,_, sometimes_RT incongruously_RR equipped_VVD with_IW oxygen_NN1 apparatus_NN1 !_! ^ |_NULL ^_NULL At_II the_AT top_NN1 of_IO the_AT great_JJ stone_NN1 stairway_NN1 we_PPIS2 entered_VVD a_AT1 huge_JJ courtyard_NN1 through_II an_AT1 ornate_JJ and_CC colourful_JJ gateway_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Rising_VVG several_DA2 storeys_NN2 in_II31 front_II32 of_II33 us_PPIO2 was_VBDZ the_AT heart_NN1 of_IO the_AT Potala_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Another_DD1 stairway_NN1 led_VVN into_II its_APPGE gloomy_JJ recesses_NN2 where_CS there_EX were_VBDR enormous_JJ bronze_NN1 and_CC gold_JJ effigies_NN2 of_IO Buddha_NP1 in_II his_APPGE various_JJ incarnations_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL One_PN1 sensed_VVD the_AT priceless_JJ value_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 things_NN2 rather_II21 than_II22 saw_NN1 it_PPH1 ,_, as_CSA the_AT only_JJ light_NN1 came_VVD from_II flickering_VVG lamps_NN2 fuelled_VVD by_II huge_JJ quantities_NN2 of_IO yak_NN1 butter_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT air_NN1 was_VBDZ thick_JJ with_IW its_APPGE slightly_RR rancid_JJ odour_NN1 mixed_VVN with_IW incense_NN1 and_CC the_AT smell_NN1 of_IO old_JJ wealth_NN1 and_CC power_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Another_DD1 room_NN1 contained_VVD huge_JJ chortens_VVZ entombing_VVG the_AT remains_NN2 of_IO the_AT thirteen_MC previous_JJ Dalai_NP1 Lamas_NP1 ,_, with_IW the_AT Great_JJ Fifth_MD taking_VVG pride_NN1 of_IO place_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 were_VBDR all_DB plated_VVD with_IW pure_JJ gold_NN1 and_CC inlaid_VVN with_IW jewels_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ said_VVN that_CST the_AT plating_NN1 on_II the_AT fifth_MD Dalai_NP1 Lama_NP1 's_GE chorten_VV0 weighs_NN2 179,703_MC ounces_NNU2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Dalai_NP1 Lama_NP1 means_VVZ *'_" Master_NNB Ocean_NP1 of_IO Wisdom_NN1 **'_" and_CC the_AT first_MD Dalai_NP1 Lama_NP1 was_VBDZ Gedun_NP1 Truppa_NP1 who_PNQS founded_VVD Tashilungpo_NP1 monastery_NN1 at_II Xigatse_NP1 in_II 1447_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL As_CSA we_PPIS2 filed_VVD past_II the_AT chortens_VVZ I_PPIS1 wondered_VVD whether_CSW the_AT fourteenth_MD Dalai_NP1 Lama_NP1 would_VM ever_RR return_VVI from_II his_APPGE exile_NN1 in_II India_NP1 ,_, even_CS21 if_CS22 only_RR as_II a_AT1 corpse_NN1 ,_, to_TO be_VBI incarcerated_VVN beside_II his_APPGE predecessors_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Chinese_NN1 have_VH0 made_VVN no_AT secret_NN1 that_CST they_PPHS2 would_VM like_VVI him_PPHO1 to_TO return_VVI before_CS this_DD1 ,_, to_TO take_VVI up_RP the_AT reins_NN2 of_IO all_DB administration_NN apart_II21 from_II22 the_AT military_JJ ,_, but_CCB when_RRQ I_PPIS1 spoke_VVD with_IW him_PPHO1 in_II 1981_MC he_PPHS1 said_VVD with_IW a_AT1 laugh_NN1 ,_, ^_NULL *'_" No_AT way_NN1 can_VM we_PPIS2 go_VVI backwards_RL and_CC no_AT use_NN1 ..._... but_CCB I_PPIS1 think_VV0 I_ZZ1 will_VM return_VVI there_RL some_DD time_NNT1 **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL From_II this_DD1 I_PPIS1 understood_VVD that_CST he_PPHS1 did_VDD not_XX believe_VVI he_PPHS1 could_VM return_VVI to_II Tibet_NP1 to_TO administrate_VVI again_RT ,_, but_CCB that_DD1 for_IF personal_JJ and_CC philosophical_JJ reasons_NN2 he_PPHS1 would_VM like_VVI to_TO return_VVI for_IF a_AT1 visit_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL An_AT1 Indo-Tibetan_JJ friend_NN1 of_IO mine_PPGE ,_, Chewang_NP1 Tashi_NP1 ,_, told_VVD me_PPIO1 that_CST the_AT scriptures_NN2 prophesied_VVD he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ the_AT last_MD Dalai_NP1 Lama_NP1 ,_, but_CCB he_PPHS1 added_VVD shrewdly_RR ,_, ^_NULL *'_" If_CS there_EX is_VBZ another_DD1 he_PPHS1 will_VM be_VBI a_AT1 warrior_NN1 !_! ^ **'_" |_NULL ^_NULL We_PPIS2 climbed_VVD up_II more_DAR stairs_NN2 to_II the_AT roof_NN1 where_RRQ we_PPIS2 began_VVD haggling_VVG with_IW the_AT doormen_NN2 on_II the_AT Dalai_NP1 Lama_NP1 's_GE old_JJ suite_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 cheaper_JJR entry_NN1 than_CSN the_AT normal_JJ 2_MC yuan_JJ for_IF foreigners_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Like_II most_DAT New_JJ Zealanders_NP1 we_PPIS2 were_VBDR not_XX keen_JJ on_II being_VBG ripped_VVN off_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Chinese_JJ administration_NN was_VBDZ already_RR fleecing_VVG us_PPIO2 blind_JJ to_TO be_VBI in_II Tibet_NP1 and_CC we_PPIS2 were_VBDR keen_JJ to_TO fight_VVI back_RP where_CS we_PPIS2 could_VM ;_; while_CS Jang_NP1 Jiang_NP1 June_NP1 negotiated_VVD for_IF us_PPIO2 ,_, we_PPIS2 gazed_VVD out_RP over_II the_AT rooftops_NN2 of_IO Lhasa_NP1 as_CS21 if_CS22 we_PPIS2 could_VM n't_XX care_VVI less_DAR about_II a_AT1 visit_NN1 to_II the_AT royal_JJ suite_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Finally_RR the_AT price_NN1 was_VBDZ set_VVN at_II 20_MC fen_NN1 each_DD1 ,_, a_AT1 one_MC1 thousand_NNO percent_NNU reduction_NN1 !_! ^ ^_NULL *'_" Bloody_RG tight-fisted_JJ New_JJ Zealanders_NP1 **'_" I_PPIS1 mumbled_VVD ,_, putting_VVG the_AT doormen_NN2 's_GE expressions_NN2 into_II words_NN2 as_CSA we_PPIS2 filed_VVD past_RL ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Inside_II the_AT suite_NN1 all_DB was_VBDZ apparently_RR as_CSA his_APPGE excellency_NN1 had_VHD left_VVN it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT clock_NN1 was_VBDZ even_RR stopped_VVN at_II the_AT fateful_JJ hour_NNT1 of_IO 11.20_MC and_CC the_AT calendar_NN1 recorded_VVD the_AT day_NNT1 ,_, although_CS I_PPIS1 do_VD0 n't_XX remember_VVI what_DDQ it_PPH1 said_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 colourful_JJ ,_, airy_JJ ,_, light_JJ and_CC comfortable_JJ cell_NN1 (_( as_CSA lamas_NN2 '_GE cells_NN2 go_NN1 )_) ,_, commanding_VVG a_AT1 fabulous_JJ view_NN1 over_II the_AT city_NN1 ,_, but_CCB ,_, despite_II this_DD1 ,_, one_PN1 got_VVD the_AT feeling_NN1 of_IO imprisonment_NN1 :_: I_PPIS1 have_VH0 no_RR21 doubt_RR22 that_CST the_AT sad_JJ events_NN2 that_CST befell_VVD Tibet_NP1 were_VBDR for_IF the_AT Dalai_NP1 Lama_NP1 a_AT1 release_NN1 from_II an_AT1 inevitable_JJ up-market_JJ imprisonment_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Through_II his_APPGE exile_NN1 ,_, moreover_RR ,_, he_PPHS1 has_VHZ become_VVN a_AT1 worldly_JJ and_CC astute_JJ politician_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL As_CSA we_PPIS2 descended_VVD the_AT great_JJ stairway_NN1 Jang_NP1 Jiang_NP1 June_NP1 told_VVD us_PPIO2 that_CST during_II the_AT so-called_JJ *'_" cultural_JJ revolution_NN1 **'_" the_AT Red_JJ Guard_NNJ would_VM have_VHI destroyed_VVN the_AT Potala_NP1 ,_, but_CCB the_AT locals_NN2 blockaded_VVD the_AT palace_NN1 and_CC eventually_RR the_AT Chinese_JJ Army_NNJ removed_VVD the_AT attackers_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Many_DA2 of_IO Tibet_NP1 's_GE other_JJ great_JJ monasteries_NN2 were_VBDR not_XX so_RG lucky_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II Lhasa_NP1 we_PPIS2 picked_VVD up_RP the_AT two_MC vehicles_NN2 which_DDQ were_VBDR to_TO carry_VVI us_PPIO2 to_II the_AT foot_NN1 of_IO Chomolungma_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL One_PN1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 shiny_JJ new_JJ Toyota_NP1 Landcruiser_NP1 ,_, generously_RR donated_VVD by_II the_AT manufacturers_NN2 and_CC driven_VVN by_II a_AT1 grinning_JJ demon_NN1 called_VVD \_NULL Mr_NNB Chan_NP1 ,_, whom_PNQO our_APPGE dentist_NN1 ,_, Rob_NP1 Blackburne_NP1 ,_, diagnosed_VVD on_II first_MD meeting_NN1 as_CSA having_VHG pyorrhoea_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT other_JJ vehicle_NN1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 Chinese_JJ copy_NN1 of_IO a_ZZ1 1936_MC Chevrolet_NP1 truck_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL On_II21 to_II22 this_DD1 was_VBDZ loaded_VVN our_APPGE equipment_NN1 *-_- the_AT Chinese_NN1 could_VM not_XX believe_VVI how_RGQ little_DA1 we_PPIS2 had_VHD ._. ^ ^_NULL Apparently_RR the_AT 1983_MC French_JJ attempt_NN1 on_II the_AT west_ND1 ridge_NN1 had_VHD had_VHN fourteen_MC trucks_NN2 !_! ^ ^_NULL (_( When_CS Rob_NP1 Blackburne_NP1 's_GE mother_NN1 heard_VVN of_IO our_APPGE cheap_JJ and_CC light_JJ approach_NN1 she_PPHS1 said_VVD ,_, ^_NULL *'_" I_PPIS1 've_VH0 heard_VVN on_II the_AT radio_NN1 how_RRQ you_PPY 're_VBR going_VVGK to_TO do_VDI it_PPH1 on_II a_AT1 shoestring_NN1 *-_- ca_VM n't_XX even_RR afford_VVI proper_JJ oxygen_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL You_PPY 'll_VM come_VVI back_RP and_CC have_VHI to_TO live_VVI as_II a_AT1 social_JJ security_NN1 beneficiary_NN1 !_! ^ **'_" )_) |_NULL ^_NULL One_MC1 day_NNT1 at_II lunch_NN1 we_PPIS2 met_VVD a_AT1 breezy_JJ Australian_JJ woman_NN1 called_VVN Sorrel_JJ Wilby_NP1 who_PNQS was_VBDZ planning_VVG to_TO walk_VVI across_II Tibet_NP1 with_IW only_RR a_AT1 yak_NN1 for_IF company_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT authorities_NN2 finally_RR convinced_VVD her_PPHO1 that_CST yaks_NN2 were_VBDR difficult_JJ beasts_NN2 to_TO look_VVI after_II and_CC a_AT1 donkey_NN1 would_VM be_VBI more_RGR appropriate_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL To_TO fill_VVI in_II time_NNT1 before_II her_APPGE departure_NN1 to_II western_JJ Tibet_NP1 she_PPHS1 decided_VVD to_TO accompany_VVI us_PPIO2 to_TO base_VVI camp_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 were_VBDR delighted_JJ to_TO have_VHI her_APPGE feminine_JJ company_NN1 for_IF a_DD221 few_DD222 days_NNT2 ;_; we_PPIS2 were_VBDR going_VVGK to_TO have_VHI quite_RG enough_RR of_IO **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL our_APPGE own_DA before_CS we_PPIS2 were_VBDR finished_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL On_II the_AT last_MD day_NNT1 of_IO July_NPM1 we_PPIS2 left_VVD Lhasa_NP1 and_CC our_APPGE small_JJ convoy_NN1 was_VBDZ soon_RR climbing_VVG away_II21 from_II22 the_AT Tsangpo_NP1 valley_NN1 ,_, grinding_VVG laboriously_RR up_II21 to_II22 the_AT first_MD of_IO many_DA2 high_JJ passes_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL From_II the_AT top_NN1 ,_, at_II 17,000_MC feet_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 all_DB poured_VVD from_II the_AT bus_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 leak_NN1 and_CC our_APPGE first_MD good_JJ look_NN1 at_II the_AT Tibetan_JJ countryside_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 were_VBDR atop_II a_AT1 gentle_JJ but_CCB barren_JJ ridge_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT pass_NN1 was_VBDZ marked_VVN by_II an_AT1 enormous_JJ heap_NN1 of_IO stones_NN2 where_RRQ a_AT1 thicket_NN1 of_IO tattered_JJ prayer_NN1 flags_NN2 fluttered_VVD in_II the_AT breeze_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 added_VVD my_APPGE own_DA to_II the_AT heap_NN1 ,_, shouting_VVG as_CSA I_PPIS1 did_VDD a_AT1 Sherpa_NN1 prayer_NN1 for_IF safe_JJ passage_NN1 ,_, *'_" So_CS so_RG so_RG ..._... la_FW lago_NN1 oh_UH **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL Behind_II us_PPIO2 stretched_VVD the_AT hazy_JJ valley_NN1 of_IO the_AT Tsangpo_NP1 ,_, its_APPGE braided_JJ waters_NN2 drawing_VVG twisted_JJ blue_JJ fingers_NN2 across_II the_AT broad_JJ grey_JJ bed_NN1 of_IO shingle_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Ahead_RL in_II our_APPGE direction_NN1 of_IO travel_NN1 lay_VVD a_AT1 large_JJ blue_JJ lake_NN1 cradled_VVD in_II an_AT1 almost_RR green_JJ tussock_NN1 basin_NN1 ,_, and_CC beyond_RL ,_, the_AT first_MD of_IO the_AT high_JJ mountains_NN2 rose_VVD in_II a_AT1 sweep_NN1 of_IO white_JJ snow_NN1 and_CC ice_NN1 to_II 21,500_MC feet_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Mike_NP1 Perry_NP1 and_CC Waka_NP1 were_VBDR setting_VVG a_AT1 fearful_JJ pace_NN1 shooting_VVG pictures_NN2 *-_- I_PPIS1 could_VM almost_RR hear_VVI the_AT Kodak_NP1 shares_NN2 going_VVG up_RP ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL We_PPIS2 stopped_VVD for_IF lunch_NN1 at_II the_AT far_JJ end_NN1 of_IO the_AT lake_NN1 in_II what_DDQ appeared_VVD to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 particularly_RR deserted_JJ part_NN1 of_IO the_AT world_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB scarcely_RR had_VHN our_APPGE backsides_NN2 hit_VVN the_AT rocky_JJ ground_NN1 when_RRQ an_AT1 enthusiastic_JJ crowd_NN of_IO Tibetans_NN2 were_VBDR clambering_VVG around_RP ,_, jostling_VVG **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL each_PPX221 other_PPX222 for_IF the_AT choicest_JJT bits_NN2 of_IO rubbish_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Cans_NN2 and_CC bottles_NN2 were_VBDR of_IO particular_JJ value_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Hugh_NP1 Van_NP1 Noorden_NP1 felt_VVD that_CST they_PPHS2 were_VBDR really_RR degrading_VVG themselves_PPX2 by_II scrapping_VVG over_RP our_APPGE castoffs_NN2 and_CC said_VVD so_RR ,_, as_CSA only_JJ Hugh_NP1 could_VM ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ not_XX difficult_JJ to_TO feel_VVI grumpy_JJ when_CS you_PPY first_MD arrive_VV0 at_II high_JJ altitude_NN1 and_CC Shaun_NP1 told_VVD Hugh_NP1 not_XX to_TO get_VVI *'_" so_RG uptight_JJ **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 was_VBDZ the_AT nearest_JJT we_PPIS2 'd_VM come_VVI to_II a_AT1 confrontation_NN1 and_CC the_AT rest_NN1 of_IO us_PPIO2 held_VVD our_APPGE breaths_NN2 ,_, but_CCB fortunately_RR nothing_PN1 eventuated_VVD ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Our_APPGE next_MD stop_NN1 of_IO interest_NN1 was_VBDZ the_AT local_JJ petrol_NN1 station_NN1 ,_, more_DAR like_II Fort_NNL1 Knox_NP than_CSN a_AT1 petrol_NN1 station_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT fuel_NN1 was_VBDZ stored_VVN within_II thick_JJ walls_NN2 capped_VVD by_II tangles_NN2 of_IO barbed_JJ wire_NN1 ,_, and_CC to_TO obtain_VVI service_NN1 we_PPIS2 knocked_VVD on_II a_AT1 small_JJ hatch_NN1 and_CC a_ZZ1 creaking_VVG little_DA1 door_NN1 opened_VVD to_TO reveal_VVI a_AT1 suspicious-looking_JJ attendant_NN1 who_PNQS pushed_VVD a_AT1 nozzle_NN1 at_II us_PPIO2 through_II close_JJ bars_NN2 *-_- obviously_RR petrol_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 valuable_JJ commodity_NN1 in_II a_AT1 land_NN1 where_RRQ the_AT yak_NN1 is_VBZ still_JJ king_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL From_II the_AT lake_NN1 the_AT road_NN1 climbed_VVD to_II another_DD1 high_JJ pass_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Here_RL glaciers_NN2 came_VVD almost_RR down_RP to_II the_AT road_NN1 like_II giant_NN1 shattered_VVD white_JJ staircases_NN2 from_II the_AT surrounding_JJ peaks_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL An_AT1 hour_NNT1 later_RRR we_PPIS2 were_VBDR 4,000_MC feet_NN2 lower_VV0 down_RP ,_, driving_VVG past_II fertile_JJ fields_NN2 **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL as_CSA we_PPIS2 approached_VVD Xigatse_NP1 ,_, second_MD largest_JJT town_NN1 in_II Tibet_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL On_II the_AT western_JJ edge_NN1 of_IO the_AT town_NN1 was_VBDZ Tashilungpo_NP1 Gompa_NP1 ,_, monastery_NN1 of_IO the_AT Panchen_NP1 Lama_NP1 who_PNQS since_CS the_AT Dalai_NP1 Lama_NP1 's_GE exile_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN the_AT paramount_JJ religious_JJ figure_NN1 in_II Tibet_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL At_II the_AT time_NNT1 of_IO the_AT 1950_MC invasion_NN1 the_AT Panchen_NP1 Lama_NP1 was_VBDZ only_RR a_AT1 young_JJ boy_NN1 and_CC the_AT Chinese_NN1 were_VBDR able_JK to_TO use_VVI him_PPHO1 as_II a_AT1 link_NN1 with_IW the_AT Tibetan_JJ people_NN ,_, but_CCB as_II the_AT years_NNT2 went_VVD by_RP and_CC conditions_NN2 deteriorated_VVD in_II his_APPGE homeland_NN1 he_PPHS1 became_VVD more_RRR and_CC more_RGR outspoken_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT early_JJ 1960s_MC2 he_PPHS1 became_VVD openly_RR rebellious_JJ and_CC in_II 1964_MC he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ imprisoned_VVN in_II China_NP1 's_GE main_JJ political_JJ prison_NN1 ,_, the_AT dreaded_JJ Qin_NP1 Cheng_NP1 near_II Beijing_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Conditions_NN2 were_VBDR desperate_JJ and_CC on_II one_MC1 occasion_NN1 he_PPHS1 tried_VVD to_TO commit_VVI suicide_NN1 while_CS being_VBG tortured_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II February_NPM1 1978_MC ,_, after_II fourteen_MC years_NNT2 '_GE imprisonment_NN1 ,_, he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ finally_RR released_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Tashilungpo_NP1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 joy_NN1 to_TO visit_VVI because_CS it_PPH1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 living_JJ monastery_NN1 where_RRQ nuns_NN2 and_CC lamas_NN2 ,_, as_CC31 well_CC32 as_CC33 many_DA2 other_JJ ordinary_JJ folk_NN2 ,_, lived_VVN and_CC practised_VVN their_APPGE religion_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT monastery_NN1 's_VBZ dark_JJ ,_, secret_NN1 recesses_VVZ monks_NN2 chanted_VVD prayers_NN2 ,_, banged_JJ drums_NN2 and_CC cymbals_NN2 and_CC made_VVD exceptionally_RR rude_JJ noises_NN2 on_II horns_NN2 in_II an_AT1 atmosphere_NN1 thick_JJ with_IW incense_NN1 smoke_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Little_JJ trees_NN2 flourished_VVD in_II wonky-paved_JJ courtyards_NN2 and_CC Tibetans_NN2 with_IW smiling_VVG ,_, lined_JJ faces_NN2 poked_VVD their_APPGE heads_NN2 out_II21 of_II22 ornate_JJ windows_NN2 where_RRQ marigolds_NN2 bloomed_VVD in_II window_NN1 boxes_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Teams_NN2 of_IO builders_NN2 worked_VVN at_II renovating_VVG the_AT shaky_JJ parts_NN2 of_IO the_AT building_NN1 ,_, and_CC artists_NN2 followed_VVN behind_II decorating_VVG walls_NN2 ,_, pillars_NN2 and_CC ceilings_NN2 with_IW ornate_JJ and_CC colourful_JJ designs_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Here_RL Buddhism_NN1 was_VBDZ alive_JJ and_CC well_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Next_MD day_NNT1 we_PPIS2 headed_VVD for_IF Xegar_NP1 traversing_VVG more_RGR typically_RR Tibetan_JJ countryside_NN1 ,_, absolutely_RR barren_JJ hills_NN2 rising_VVG brown_JJ and_CC dry_JJ above_II the_AT green_JJ patchwork_NN1 carpet_NN1 of_IO barley_NN1 on_II the_AT valley_NN1 floors_NN2 ,_, with_IW a_AT1 couple_NN1 of_IO high_JJ passes_NN2 thrown_VVN in_II for_RR21 good_RR22 measure_VV0 ._. ^ ^_NULL On_II31 top_II32 of_II33 one_MC1 of_IO these_DD2 ,_, at_II about_RG 17,000_MC feet_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 found_VVD fossilised_JJ seashells_NN2 ,_, reminding_VVG us_PPIO2 that_CST this_DD1 plateau_NN1 and_CC the_AT Himalayan_JJ range_NN1 were_VBDR both_DB2 once_RR beneath_II the_AT sea_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL From_II a_AT1 geological_JJ point_NN1 of_IO view_NN1 this_DD1 was_VBDZ in_II the_AT relatively_RR recent_JJ past_NN1 *-_- only_RR five_MC million_NNO years_NNT2 ago_RA the_AT Sea_NNL1 of_IO Tethys_NP1 lapped_VVD against_II the_AT shores_NN2 of_IO Asia_NP1 (_( now_RT southern_JJ Tibet_NP1 )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB Gondwanaland_NP1 crept_VVD up_RP in_II the_AT dark_JJ geological_JJ night_NNT1 and_CC collided_VVD with_IW the_AT ancient_JJ shore_NN1 of_IO Asia_NP1 :_: the_AT harder_JJR granites_NN2 ,_, gneisses_NN2 and_CC basalts_NN2 of_IO Gondwanaland_NP1 bit_VVD into_II the_AT soft_JJ sedimentary_JJ rock_NN1 of_IO Asia_NP1 and_CC forced_VVD it_PPH1 upward_RL ,_, twisting_VVG and_CC wrenching_VVG it_PPH1 into_II the_AT highest_JJT and_CC yet_RR youngest_JJT of_IO the_AT world_NN1 's_GE great_JJ mountain_NN1 ranges_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Of_RR21 course_RR22 the_AT great_JJ rivers_NN2 which_DDQ were_VBDR already_RR there_RL cut_VVN into_II the_AT land_NN1 as_CSA it_PPH1 was_VBDZ forced_VVN up_RP ,_, creating_VVG the_AT incredible_JJ gorges_NN2 that_CST are_VBR now_RT the_AT delight_NN1 of_IO trekkers_NN2 and_CC the_AT despair_NN1 of_IO roading_VVG engineers_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Tibet_NP1 was_VBDZ then_RT probably_RR clothed_VVN in_II wonderful_JJ forests_NN2 but_CCB ultimately_RR the_AT Himalaya_NP1 became_VVD a_AT1 natural_JJ barrier_NN1 to_TO stop_VVI the_AT monsoon_NN1 rains_NN2 and_CC the_AT forests_NN2 died_VVD out_RP ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 205+TEXT+G18_FO **]_NULL ^ *<_NULL *8_NULL Te_AT Manihera_NP1 :_: An_AT1 Account_NN1 of_IO Robert_NP1 Maunsell_NP1 and_CC his_APPGE Missionary_JJ Work_NN1 *>_NULL ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL by_II Helen_NP1 Garrett_NP1 *>_NULL ^ *<_NULL *1_NULL (_( Great-Granddaughter_NP1 )_) *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Robert_NP1 Maunsell_NP1 was_VBDZ born_VVN on_II 24_MC October_NPM1 1810_MC at_II Milford_NP1 near_II Limerick_NP1 ,_, the_AT seventh_MD son_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE father_NN1 's_GE second_MD marriage_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Maunsells_NP2 were_VBDR a_AT1 very_RG big_JJ family_NN ,_, highly_RR regarded_VVN and_CC prosperous_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Robert_NP1 's_GE father_NN1 George_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS was_VBDZ Collector_NN1 of_IO Customs_NN2 (_( like_II his_APPGE father_NN1 before_II him_PPHO1 )_) ,_, was_VBDZ subsequently_RR a_AT1 partner_NN1 with_IW his_APPGE cousins_NN2 Thomas_NP1 and_CC Robert_NP1 ,_, in_II Maunsell_NP1 's_GE Bank_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL An_AT1 adventurous_JJ spirit_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 high_JJ sense_NN1 of_IO public_JJ duty_NN1 ran_VVD in_II the_AT family_NN ,_, as_CSA it_PPH1 did_VDD in_II so_RG many_DA2 Anglo-Irish_JJ families_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Not_XX far_RR away_RL ,_, at_II Waterford_NP1 ,_, William_NP1 Hobson_NP1 was_VBDZ growing_VVG up_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL Hobson_NP1 's_GE biographer_NN1 ,_, {_NULL G.H._NP }_NULL Scholefield_NP1 ,_, remarked_VVD that_CST ^_NULL *'_" Colonists_NN2 of_IO Anglo-Saxon_JJ race_NN1 have_VH0 nowhere_RL produced_VVN a_AT1 greater_JJR number_NN1 of_IO eminent_JJ men_NN2 for_IF political_JJ ,_, military_JJ and_CC social_JJ service_NN1 than_CSN have_VH0 the_AT English_JJ in_II Ireland_NP1 **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC one_MC1 of_IO the_AT secretaries_NN2 at_II the_AT Church_NP Missionary_NP1 Society_NNJ observed_VVD that_DD1 *'_" choicer_NN1 missionaries_NN2 are_VBR not_XX in_II the_AT field_NN1 than_CSN those_DD2 who_PNQS have_VH0 come_VVN to_II us_PPIO2 from_II the_AT sister_NN1 church_NN1 in_II Ireland_NP1 **'_" ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Robert_NP1 was_VBDZ educated_VVN at_II Waterford_NP1 and_CC entered_VVN Trinity_NP1 College_NNL1 ,_, Dublin_NP1 ,_, in_II July_NPM1 1828_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL An_AT1 entrance_NN1 examination_NN1 based_VVN on_II classical_JJ texts_NN2 was_VBDZ obligatory_JJ ;_; and_CC in_RR21 addition_RR22 ,_, for_IF the_AT encouragement_NN1 of_IO Hebrew_NN1 ,_, there_EX was_VBDZ an_AT1 optional_JJ Hebrew_JJ examination_NN1 with_IW premiums_NN2 awarded_VVD for_IF the_AT best_JJT performance_NN1 :_: Robert_NP1 won_VVD the_AT premium_NN1 of_IO *+_NULL 2_MC in_II the_AT October_NPM1 examination_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL His_APPGE love_NN1 of_IO Hebrew_NN1 continued_VVD all_DB his_APPGE life_NN1 :_: even_RR on_II his_APPGE deathbed_NN1 he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ reading_VVG from_II the_AT Hebrew_JJ Bible_NN1 and_CC he_PPHS1 preferred_VVD to_TO translate_VVI directly_RR from_II Hebrew_NN1 into_II Maori_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 graduated_VVD in_II 1833_MC with_IW honours_NN2 in_II classics_NN2 and_CC was_VBDZ intended_VVN for_IF the_AT law_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 chance_NN1 conversation_NN1 ,_, however_RR ,_, led_VVD him_PPHO1 to_TO decide_VVI on_II entering_VVG the_AT Church_NNJ instead_RR ;_; and_CC another_DD1 chance_NN1 meeting_VVG with_IW an_AT1 Indian_JJ missionary_NN1 filled_VVD his_APPGE mind_NN1 with_IW the_AT desire_NN1 to_TO become_VVI a_AT1 missionary_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL When_CS one_PN1 looks_VVZ at_II the_AT family_NN history_NN1 ,_, this_DD1 decision_NN1 is_VBZ no_AT real_JJ surprise_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ in_II his_APPGE blood_NN1 as_CC31 well_CC32 as_CC33 in_II his_APPGE Anglo-Irish_JJ inheritance_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Maunsell_NP1 family_NN was_VBDZ an_AT1 ancient_JJ one_PN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *1_NULL An_AT1 Historical_JJ and_CC Genealogical_JJ Account_NN1 of_IO the_AT Ancient_JJ Family_NN of_IO Maunsell_NP1 *-_- Mansell_NP1 *-_- Masel_NP1 *0_NULL by_II William_NP1 \_NULL W._NP1 Mansell_NP1 (_( printed_VVN in_II London_NP1 in_II 1850_MC for_IF private_JJ circulation_NN1 )_) makes_VVZ the_AT claim_NN1 that_CST the_AT family_NN came_VVD from_II France_NP1 to_II England_NP1 with_IW William_NP1 the_AT Conqueror_NN1 and_CC settled_VVN at_II Margam_NP1 in_II Wales_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Margam_NP Abbey_NNL1 is_VBZ crowded_VVN with_IW monuments_NN2 and_CC memorials_NN2 of_IO the_AT Maunsells_NP2 ,_, one_MC1 headless_JJ effigy_NN1 having_VHG its_APPGE thighs_NN2 crossed_VVN ,_, denoting_VVG a_AT1 crusader_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL About_II the_AT middle_NN1 of_IO the_AT thirteenth_MD century_NNT1 Maunsells_NP2 are_VBR first_MD heard_VVD of_IO in_II Ireland_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT cathedral_NN1 of_IO \_NULL St_NP Mary_NP1 's_GE in_II Limerick_NP1 contains_VVZ many_DA2 memorials_NN2 of_IO later_JJR Maunsells_NP2 who_PNQS were_VBDR soldiers_NN2 ,_, clergymen_NN2 and_CC philanthropists_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 chapter_NN1 of_IO the_AT genealogy_NN1 devoted_VVD to_II *'_" The_AT Maunsells_NP2 of_IO the_AT Dominion_NN1 **'_" lists_VVZ public_JJ servants_NN2 ,_, administrators_NN2 ,_, soldiers_NN2 and_CC pioneers_NN2 in_II Canada_NP1 ,_, Australia_NP1 ,_, India_NP1 and_CC other_JJ former_DA British_JJ colonial_JJ territories_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Not_XX only_RR such_DA a_AT1 background_NN1 but_CCB the_AT atmosphere_NN1 of_IO the_AT times_NNT2 he_PPHS1 lived_VVD in_RP must_VM have_VHI influenced_VVN Robert_NP1 's_GE decision_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL During_II the_AT first_MD half_NN of_IO the_AT nineteenth_MD century_NNT1 a_AT1 great_JJ evangelical_JJ movement_NN1 was_VBDZ gathering_VVG momentum_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT growth_NN1 of_IO the_AT missionary_JJ societies_NN2 was_VBDZ closely_RR associated_VVN with_IW the_AT long_JJ campaign_NN1 for_IF the_AT abolition_NN1 of_IO slavery_NN1 ,_, culminating_VVG in_II the_AT Emancipation_NN1 Act_NN1 of_IO August_NPM1 1834_MC :_: it_PPH1 is_VBZ no_AT accident_NN1 that_CST Wilberforce_NP1 was_VBDZ one_MC1 of_IO the_AT Founders_NN2 of_IO the_AT Church_NP Missionary_NP1 Society_NNJ ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Church_NNJ of_IO England_NP1 itself_PPX1 was_VBDZ awakening_VVG to_II great_JJ reforms_NN2 :_: social_JJ work_NN1 at_II home_NN1 ,_, as_CC31 well_CC32 as_CC33 missionary_JJ work_NN1 abroad_RL ,_, commanded_VVD the_AT attention_NN1 of_IO the_AT Evangelicals_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Public_JJ interest_NN1 was_VBDZ intense_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 great_JJ moment_NN1 in_II history_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Once_RR the_AT decision_NN1 was_VBDZ made_VVN ,_, Robert_NP1 went_VVD straight_RR to_II the_AT {_NULL CMS_NNU2 }_NULL College_NN1 at_II Islington_NP1 where_RRQ he_PPHS1 carried_VVD on_RP his_APPGE theological_JJ and_CC Hebrew_JJ studies_NN2 ,_, and_CC also_RR took_VVD a_AT1 short_JJ course_NN1 in_II basic_JJ medicine_NN1 (_( which_DDQ enabled_VVD him_PPHO1 later_RRR to_TO bring_VVI his_APPGE own_DA ten_MC children_NN2 into_II the_AT world_NN1 )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL Asked_VVN where_RRQ he_PPHS1 wished_VVD to_TO serve_VVI he_PPHS1 answered_VVD ,_, ^_NULL *'_" Send_VV0 me_PPIO1 where_CS you_PPY will_VM **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 might_VM have_VHI meant_VVN Sierra_NP Leone_NP1 ,_, or_CC other_JJ parts_NN2 of_IO Africa_NP1 ,_, where_CS the_AT life_NN1 expectancy_NN1 of_IO missionaries_NN2 was_VBDZ very_RG short_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT choice_NN1 of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 was_VBDZ fairly_RR obvious_JJ to_II the_AT Secretaries_NN2 at_II the_AT {_NULL CMS_NNU2 }_NULL ._. ^ ^_NULL More_RGR ordained_JJ men_NN2 of_IO trained_JJ intellect_NN1 were_VBDR now_RT needed_VVN as_II the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 mission_NN1 had_VHD become_VVN established_VVN to_II the_AT point_NN1 where_RRQ it_PPH1 was_VBDZ ready_JJ to_TO extend_VVI its_APPGE works_NN beyond_II the_AT Bay_NN1 of_IO Islands_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL At_II Islington_NP1 ,_, Maunsell_NP1 's_GE most_RGT important_JJ teacher_NN1 was_VBDZ Professor_NNB Samuel_NP1 Lee_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 astonishing_JJ man_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 carpenter_NN1 's_VBZ apprentice_NN1 ,_, had_VHD by_II the_AT age_NN1 of_IO 25_MC mastered_JJ Latin_NN1 ,_, Greek_NN1 ,_, Hebrew_JJ and_CC a_AT1 handful_NN1 of_IO oriental_JJ languages_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL When_CS the_AT early_JJ New_NP Zealand_NP1 missionary_JJ and_CC translator_NN1 Kendal_NP1 came_VVD to_II London_NP1 with_IW Hongi_NP1 Hika_NP1 in_II 1820_MC ,_, Lee_NP1 compiled_VVD a_AT1 Maori_JJ grammar_NN1 with_IW their_APPGE assistance_NN1 :_: he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ the_AT first_MD to_TO remark_VVI the_AT similarity_NN1 in_II Hebrew_NN1 and_CC Maori_JJ syntax_NN1 which_DDQ later_RRR fascinated_VVD Maunsell_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX were_VBDR also_RR several_DA2 first-hand_JJ accounts_NN2 of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 and_CC the_AT Maoris_NP2 already_RR in_II print_NN1 ;_; and_CC before_CS he_PPHS1 left_VVD ,_, Maunsell_NP1 would_VM have_VHI read_VVN much_RR missionary_JJ correspondence_NN1 about_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 ,_, for_IF the_AT {_NULL CMS_NNU2 }_NULL Secretaries_NN2 received_VVD regular_JJ reports_NN2 ,_, journals_NN2 ,_, and_CC letters_NN2 from_II their_APPGE men_NN2 in_II the_AT field_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Maunsell_NP1 was_VBDZ ordained_JJ deacon_NN1 by_II the_AT Bishop_NNB of_IO London_NP1 in_II 1833_MC and_CC priest_NN1 on_II 21_MC December_NPM1 1834_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL Shortly_RR afterwards_RT he_PPHS1 married_VVD Susan_NP1 Piggot_NP1 of_IO Camberwell_NP1 ,_, described_VVN as_II having_VHG a_AT1 sweet_JJ and_CC pretty_JJ face_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ 25_MC and_CC she_PPHS1 21_MC when_RRQ they_PPHS2 set_VV0 sail_NN1 for_IF Australia_NP1 in_II the_AT *1_NULL Florentia_NP1 *0_NULL on_II 4_MC February_NPM1 1835_MC ,_, never_RR to_TO see_VVI their_APPGE homeland_NN1 again_RT ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL After_CS more_RR21 than_RR22 five_MC months_NNT2 ,_, the_AT *1_NULL Florentia_NP1 *0_NULL arrived_VVD in_II Sydney_NP1 ,_, where_RRQ the_AT Maunsells_NP2 were_VBDR forced_VVN to_TO remain_VVI for_IF yet_RR another_DD1 three_MC months_NNT2 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ no_RR21 doubt_RR22 much_DA1 to_TO be_VBI learned_VVN from_II Samuel_NP1 Marsden_NP1 with_IW whom_PNQO they_PPHS2 lodged_VVD for_IF part_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE stay_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ not_XX only_RR a_AT1 fellow_JJ {_NULL CMS_NNU2 }_NULL missionary_JJ with_IW a_AT1 passionate_JJ interest_NN1 in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 and_CC the_AT Maoris_NP2 ,_, but_CCB also_RR a_AT1 large_JJ landowner_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 keen_JJ interest_NN1 in_II experimental_JJ agriculture_NN1 and_CC an_AT1 experienced_JJ magistrate_NN1 and_CC administrator_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB their_APPGE *'_" desired_JJ haven_NN1 **'_" was_VBDZ New_NP Zealand_NP1 and_CC they_PPHS2 were_VBDR *'_" truly_RR thankful_JJ **'_" ,_, as_CSA Susan_NP1 reports_VVZ ,_, when_CS after_II a_AT1 rough_JJ trip_NN1 on_II the_AT little_JJ brig_NN1 *1_NULL Active_JJ *0_NULL they_PPHS2 finally_RR arrived_VVN early_RR on_II the_AT morning_NNT1 of_IO 26_MC November_NPM1 at_II the_AT Paihia_NP1 Mission_NN1 Station_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL After_II two_MC or_CC three_MC pleasant_JJ weeks_NNT2 at_II \_NULL Rev._NNB Henry_NP1 Williams_NP1 '_GE establishment_NN they_PPHS2 sailed_VVD with_IW a_AT1 large_JJ party_NN of_IO missionaries_NN2 and_CC natives_NN2 on_II21 board_II22 the_AT mission_NN1 ship_NN1 the_AT *1_NULL Columbine_NP1 *0_NULL on_II a_AT1 journey_NN1 to_II the_AT south_ND1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Their_APPGE purpose_NN1 was_VBDZ to_TO explore_VVI the_AT Manukau_NP1 ,_, to_TO visit_VVI other_JJ infant_NN1 stations_NN2 and_CC to_TO establish_VVI the_AT Maunsells_NP2 at_II Mangapouri_NP1 on_II the_AT Waipa_NP1 river_NN1 as_CC31 well_CC32 as_CC33 to_TO attempt_VVI some_DD pacification_NN1 of_IO warring_VVG native_JJ tribes_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Robert_NP1 was_VBDZ already_RR speaking_VVG Maori_NP1 and_CC reports_VVZ himself_PPX1 during_II this_DD1 journey_NN1 as_II21 for_II22 the_AT first_MD time_NNT1 holding_VVG a_AT1 reading_NN1 class_NN1 in_II his_APPGE tent_NN1 and_CC able_JJ *'_" in_II a_AT1 sort_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 way_NN1 **'_" to_TO explain_VVI some_DD of_IO the_AT parables_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL *'_" I_PPIS1 could_VM never_RR in_II England_NP1 have_VH0 enjoyed_VVN a_AT1 happier_JJR time_NNT1 **'_" ,_, he_PPHS1 writes_VVZ cheerfully_RR ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Some_DD grim_JJ sights_NN2 and_CC experiences_NN2 soon_RR came_VVD his_APPGE way_NN1 ,_, however_RR ,_, on_II this_DD1 early_JJ journey_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL One_MC1 morning_NNT1 a_AT1 group_NN of_IO missionaries_NN2 encountered_VVD a_AT1 woman_NN1 's_VBZ body_NN1 being_VBG buffeted_VVN by_II the_AT waves_NN2 on_II the_AT sea_NN1 **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL -shore_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 slave_NN1 woman_NN1 who_PNQS had_VHD been_VBN hideously_RR axed_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL *'_" They_PPHS2 always_RR strike_VV0 in_II the_AT hollow_JJ part_NN1 of_IO the_AT back_NN1 of_IO the_AT skull_NN1 to_TO obtain_VVI the_AT horrid_JJ gratification_NN1 of_IO beholding_VVG their_APPGE hatchet_NN1 spattered_VVD with_IW brains_NN2 ,_, **'_" notes_VVZ Maunsell_NP1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL The_AT murderer_NN1 ,_, when_CS discovered_VVD reclining_VVG nearby_RL ,_, remained_VVD unmoved_JJ in_II *'_" brute-like_JJ indifference_NN1 **'_" to_II the_AT missionaries_NN2 '_GE remonstrances_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT young_JJ missionary_NN1 was_VBDZ shaken_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Soon_RR after_CS ,_, some_DD of_IO the_AT missionaries_NN2 went_VVD on_RP to_II a_AT1 Committee_NNJ meeting_VVG at_II Matamata_NP1 ,_, and_CC here_RL too_RR they_PPHS2 were_VBDR in_II close_JJ contact_NN1 with_IW horrible_JJ scenes_NN2 of_IO barbarity_NN1 and_CC cannibalism_NN1 ,_, as_CSA the_AT Waikatos_NP2 under_II the_AT chief_JJ Waharoa_NP1 fought_VVD their_APPGE enemies_NN2 of_IO Rotorua_NP1 and_CC Tauranga_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Maunsell_NP1 and_CC the_AT \_NULL Rev._NNB {_NULL A.N_NP1 ._. ^ }_NULL Brown_NP1 met_VVD a_AT1 *'_" taua_NN1 **'_" or_CC war-party_NN who_PNQS carried_VVD baskets_NN2 of_IO human_JJ limbs_NN2 and_CC brandished_JJ livers_NN2 at_II them_PPHO2 on_II the_AT ends_NN2 of_IO their_APPGE spears_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT missionaries_NN2 were_VBDR constantly_RR and_CC often_RR successfully_RR involved_JJ in_II peace-making_NN1 ;_; but_CCB this_DD1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 full-scale_JJ war_NN1 beyond_II their_APPGE control_NN1 ,_, during_II which_DDQ two_MC mission_NN1 stations_NN2 had_VHD to_TO be_VBI closed_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL After_CS these_DD2 adventures_NN2 and_CC having_VHG now_RT become_VV0 acquainted_VVN with_IW all_DB the_AT {_NULL CMS_NNU2 }_NULL stations_VVZ in_II the_AT Auckland_NP1 province_NN1 ,_, the_AT Maunsells_NP2 settled_VVD at_II Mangapouri_NP1 ;_; but_CCB this_DD1 station_NN1 proving_VVG unsatisfactory_JJ to_TO supply_VVI ,_, Maunsell_NP1 soon_RR joined_VVD the_AT \_NULL Rev._NNB \_NULL J._NP1 Hamlin_NP1 at_II Moeatoa_NP1 near_II Waiuku_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Hamlin_NP1 was_VBDZ fluent_JJ in_II Maori_NP1 and_CC with_IW him_PPHO1 Maunsell_NP1 first_MD began_VVD working_VVG on_II Biblical_JJ translations_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Here_RL they_PPHS2 stayed_VVD for_IF two_MC years_NNT2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Maunsells_NP2 lived_VVD in_II a_AT1 native_JJ rush_NN1 house_NN1 *-_- things_NN2 were_VBDR *'_" so_RG rough_JJ as_CSA to_TO make_VVI us_PPIO2 laugh_VVI heartily_RR **'_" ,_, Susan_NP1 reports_VVZ ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT district_NN1 which_DDQ Hamlin_NP1 and_CC Maunsell_NP1 covered_VVD ,_, travelling_VVG by_II canoe_NN1 or_CC on_II foot_NN1 along_II the_AT sea_NN1 **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL -coast_NN1 or_CC on_II Maori_JJ trails_NN2 ,_, stretched_VVD from_II the_AT Manukau_NP1 to_II Kawhia_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Susan_NP1 and_CC \_NULL Mrs_NNB Hamlin_NP1 assisted_VVD their_APPGE husbands_NN2 ,_, taking_VVG turns_NN2 at_II running_VVG the_AT girls_NN2 '_GE week-day_NNT1 classes_NN2 and_CC the_AT evening_NNT1 classes_NN2 for_IF older_JJR women_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL \_NULL Mrs_NNB Hamlin_NP1 had_VHD five_MC children_NN2 and_CC Susan_NP1 already_RR had_VHN her_APPGE first_MD son_NN1 ,_, Edward_NP1 Swartz_NP1 ,_, with_IW George_NP1 soon_RR to_TO arrive_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL *'_" You_PPY can_VM have_VHI little_JJ idea_NN1 **'_" ,_, she_PPHS1 writes_VVZ ,_, *'_" of_IO the_AT awkwardness_NN1 ,_, idleness_NN1 and_CC perversity_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE native_JJ domestics_NN2 ._. ^ **'_" ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ already_RR mention_NN1 of_IO her_APPGE *'_" indifferent_JJ health_NN1 **'_" and_CC \_NULL Mrs_NNB Hamlin_NP1 ,_, too_RR ,_, suffered_VVD from_II recurrent_JJ spells_NN2 of_IO unexplained_JJ weakness_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II 1838_MC Maunsell_NP1 and_CC Hamlin_NP1 (_( known_VVN to_II the_AT Maoris_NP2 as_II *'_" Te_AT Manihera_NP1 **'_" and_CC *'_" Te_AT Hemara_NP1 **'_" )_) decide_VV0 to_TO separate_VVI as_II the_AT numbers_NN2 of_IO Maoris_NP2 in_II the_AT district_NN1 were_VBDR becoming_VVG too_RG few_DA2 and_CC the_AT land_NN1 was_VBDZ barren_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Hamlin_NP1 established_VVD his_APPGE mission_NN1 at_II Orua_NP1 and_CC in_II 1839_MC Maunsell_NP1 moved_VVD south_ND1 to_II Maraetai_NP1 at_II the_AT Waikato_NP1 Heads_VVZ where_RRQ he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ to_TO remain_VVI for_IF the_AT next_MD 14_MC years_NNT2 ._. ^ *<_NULL *6_NULL MARAETAI_NP1 *>_NULL ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT only_JJ great_JJ drawback_NN1 was_VBDZ Susan_NP1 's_GE health_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL \_NULL Mr_NNB Ford_NP1 ,_, the_AT {_NULL CMS_NNU2 }_NULL doctor_NN1 ,_, advised_VVD Maunsell_NP1 to_TO leave_VVI New_NP Zealand_NP1 and_CC take_VVI her_PPHO1 back_RP to_II England_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ troubled_VVN but_CCB unwilling_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL *'_" To_TO leave_VVI the_AT land_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 step_NN1 that_CST I_PPIS1 shall_VM ever_RR take_VVI with_IW the_AT greatest_JJT reluctance_NN1 ._. ^ **'_" ^_NULL And_CC fortunately_RR by_II June_NPM1 1840_MC he_PPHS1 is_VBZ able_JK to_TO write_VVI that_CST her_APPGE health_NN1 has_VHZ improved_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Meanwhile_RR in_II early_RR 1840_MC Maunsell_NP1 had_VHD ,_, of_RR21 course_RR22 ,_, been_VBN occupied_VVN in_II gaining_VVG signatures_NN2 from_II nearly_RR all_DB the_AT leading_JJ Waikato_NP1 Maori_NP1 chiefs_NN2 for_IF the_AT Treaty_NN1 of_IO Waitangi_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Although_CS they_PPHS2 were_VBDR a_RR21 little_RR22 worried_JJ about_II the_AT harmful_JJ effect_NN1 the_AT coming_NN1 of_IO large_JJ numbers_NN2 of_IO Europeans_NN2 might_VM have_VHI on_II the_AT natives_NN2 ,_, the_AT missionaries_NN2 were_VBDR convinced_VVN that_CST it_PPH1 was_VBDZ necessary_JJ for_IF the_AT protection_NN1 of_IO both_DB2 Europeans_NN2 and_CC Maoris_NP2 that_CST the_AT British_JJ Government_NNJ should_VM take_VVI charge_NN1 of_IO the_AT country_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 were_VBDR responsible_JJ for_IF translating_VVG the_AT Treaty_NN1 and_CC explaining_VVG it_PPH1 to_II the_AT Maoris_NP2 ,_, advising_VVG them_PPHO2 to_TO accept_VVI ,_, and_CC collecting_VVG their_APPGE signatures_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Without_IW the_AT missionaries_NN2 the_AT Treaty_NN1 would_VM have_VHI had_VHN little_DA1 chance_NN1 of_IO acceptance_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Maunsell_NP1 was_VBDZ rather_RG less_RGR worried_JJ than_CSN most_DAT of_IO his_APPGE colleagues_NN2 about_II the_AT possible_JJ harm_NN1 organised_VVD European_JJ settlement_NN1 might_VM do_VDI to_II the_AT Maori_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Several_DA2 times_NNT2 he_PPHS1 expressed_VVD his_APPGE view_NN1 in_II letters_NN2 to_II the_AT {_NULL CMS_NNU2 }_NULL that_CST the_AT settlers_NN2 were_VBDR in_II the_AT main_JJ worthy_JJ people_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ so_RG diligent_JJ in_II circulating_VVG the_AT Treaty_NN1 that_CST he_PPHS1 almost_RR found_VVD himself_PPX1 in_II a_AT1 very_RG awkward_JJ situation_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Signatures_NN2 had_VHD been_VBN obtained_VVN in_II considerable_JJ numbers_NN2 ,_, but_CCB no_AT presents_NN2 had_VHD been_VBN sent_VVN to_II Maunsell_NP1 to_TO distribute_VVI among_II the_AT signatories_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Rumours_NN2 began_VVD to_TO reach_VVI his_APPGE district_NN1 that_CST all_DB who_PNQS had_VHD signed_VVN the_AT Treaty_NN1 at_II the_AT Bay_NN1 of_IO Islands_NN2 had_VHD received_VVN the_AT Governor_NN1 's_VBZ blanket_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Some_DD of_IO Maunsell_NP1 's_GE people_NN felt_VVD they_PPHS2 had_VHD been_VBN deceived_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 had_VHD signed_VVN but_CCB not_XX received_VVN their_APPGE reward_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Excitement_NP1 mounted_VVD ;_; some_DD were_VBDR even_RR beginning_VVG to_TO demand_VVI the_AT return_NN1 of_IO the_AT document_NN1 so_CS21 that_CS22 they_PPHS2 could_VM tear_VVI it_PPH1 up_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL However_RR ,_, the_AT timely_JJ arrival_NN1 of_IO Governor_NNB Hobson_NP1 's_GE ambassador_NN1 to_II the_AT west_ND1 ,_, Captain_NNB Symonds_NP1 ,_, with_IW red_JJ blankets_NN2 and_CC explanations_NN2 settled_VVD matters_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ found_VVN that_CST with_IW a_DD221 few_DD222 exceptions_NN2 all_DB the_AT influential_JJ chiefs_NN2 as_RG far_RR south_ND1 as_CSA Mokau_NP1 had_VHD acknowledged_VVN the_AT Queen_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ only_RR unfortunate_JJ that_CST among_II the_AT exceptions_NN2 was_VBDZ the_AT great_JJ Te_AT Whero_NP1 Whero_NP1 ,_, paramount_JJ chief_NN1 of_IO the_AT Waikatos_NP2 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ however_RR ,_, not_XX at_RR21 all_RR22 hostile_JJ to_II the_AT Europeans_NN2 ,_, and_CC was_VBDZ a_AT1 friend_NN1 of_IO Maunsell_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL His_APPGE refusal_NN1 to_TO sign_VVI assumed_JJ importance_NN1 later_RRR when_CS he_PPHS1 became_VVD the_AT first_MD Maori_JJ King_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL His_APPGE name_NN1 does_VDZ occur_VVI on_II the_AT Treaty_NN1 document_NN1 ,_, but_CCB was_VBDZ inserted_VVN by_II someone_PN1 else_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ characteristic_JJ of_IO Te_AT Whero_NP1 Whero_NP1 that_CST he_PPHS1 attended_VVD church_NN1 services_NN2 regularly_RR but_CCB never_RR submitted_VVD to_II baptism_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Later_RRR in_II the_AT year_NNT1 ,_, Maunsell_NP1 reports_VVZ that_CST *'_" a_AT1 Commission_NNJ has_VHZ been_VBN appointed_VVN by_II the_AT colonial_JJ government_NN to_TO investigate_VVI and_CC decide_VVI on_II claims_NN2 to_TO land_VVI in_II this_DD1 country_NN1 **'_" ,_, and_CC also_RR gives_VVZ his_APPGE impression_NN1 that_CST *'_" the_AT present_JJ governor_NN1 seems_VVZ to_TO be_VBI an_AT1 active_JJ and_CC worthy_JJ person_NN1 ._. ^ **'_" ^_NULL Other_JJ good_JJ news_NN1 is_VBZ that_CST another_DD1 {_NULL CMS_NNU2 }_NULL missionary_JJ ,_, \_NULL Mr_NNB Morgan_NP1 ,_, has_VHZ been_VBN established_VVN upriver_RL at_II Otawhao_NP1 (_( now_RT Te_AT Awamutu_NP1 )_) :_: also_RR that_CST *'_" the_AT demand_NN1 for_IF soap_NN1 has_VHZ so_RG much_RR increased_VVN that_CST it_PPH1 is_VBZ now_RT a_AT1 prime_JJ article_NN1 of_IO trade_NN1 ._. ^ **'_" *#_NULL **[_NULL 206+TEXT+G19_FO **]_NULL ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 terrible_JJ moment_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Little_DA1 was_VBDZ known_VVN then_RT about_II how_RRQ to_TO control_VVI massive_JJ bleeding_JJ and_CC disaster_NN1 threatened_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL Barratt-Boyes_NP1 controlled_VVD it_PPH1 ,_, but_CCB not_XX before_CS everyone_PN1 had_VHD had_VHN *"_" an_AT1 awful_JJ fright_NN1 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ his_APPGE first_MD \_NULL TB_NN1 operation_NN1 at_II Green_NP Lane_NNL1 and_CC everyone_PN1 in_II theatre_NN1 was_VBDZ intensely_RR interested_JJ in_II the_AT new_JJ boy_NN1 's_VBZ performance_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 thought_VVD at_II the_AT time_NNT1 that_CST if_CS the_AT patient_NN1 died_VVD ,_, his_APPGE career_NN1 at_II the_AT hospital_NN1 would_VM be_VBI severely_RR compromised_VVN even_CS21 though_CS22 he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ not_XX to_TO blame_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL As_CSA it_PPH1 was_VBDZ ,_, his_APPGE speed_NN1 in_II controlling_VVG the_AT bleeding_JJ enhanced_VVD his_APPGE reputation_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Mary_NP1 Hall_NNL1 ,_, hostess_NN1 of_IO the_AT forty-six-bed_JJ cardiothoracic_JJ ward_NN1 ,_, recalls_VVZ staff_NN were_VBDR *"_" on_II guard_NN1 **"_" and_CC a_RR21 bit_RR22 critical_JJ of_IO the_AT unit_NN1 's_VBZ newcomer_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 thought_VVD he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ much_RR too_RG handsome_JJ to_TO be_VBI good_JJ at_II anything_PN1 *-_- *"_" we_PPIS2 were_VBDR all_DB pretty_RG agog_JJ **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB after_CS a_DD221 few_DD222 months_NNT2 everyone_PN1 forgot_VVD his_APPGE looks_NN2 and_CC thought_VVN *"_" ^_NULL By_II jove_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 've_VH0 got_VVN a_AT1 good_JJ one_PN1 here_RL ._. **"_" ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 also_RR scored_JJ points_NN2 with_IW the_AT visiting_JJ English_JJ nurses_NN2 who_PNQS were_VBDR astounded_JJ at_II his_APPGE respect_NN1 for_IF the_AT nursing_JJ staff_NN ,_, which_DDQ included_VVD small_JJ courtesies_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 standing_VVG back_RP for_IF them_PPHO2 at_II doorways_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT ward_NN1 's_VBZ sister_NN1 in_II charge_NN1 ,_, Gloria_NP1 Grattan_NP1 ,_, says_VVZ the_AT nurses_NN2 associated_VVD cardiac_JJ surgery_NN1 with_IW tension_NN1 ,_, brilliance_NN1 and_CC temperament_NN1 and_CC Barratt-Boyes_NP1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 pleasant_JJ surprise_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Her_APPGE first_MD impression_NN1 ,_, though_CS ,_, like_II Mary_NP1 Hall_NNL1 's_GE ,_, was_VBDZ of_IO a_AT1 glamour_NN1 boy_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *"_" I_PPIS1 thought_VVD that_DD1 would_VM complicate_VVI things_NN2 and_CC I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ prepared_VVN to_TO be_VBI critical_JJ ._. **"_" ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 soon_RR found_VVD her_APPGE first_MD impressions_NN2 had_VHD been_VBN wrong_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Even_RR his_APPGE mode_NN1 of_IO transport_NN1 to_II work_NN1 was_VBDZ atypical_JJ *-_- in_II the_AT early_JJ days_NNT2 he_PPHS1 walked_VVD ,_, and_CC the_AT no-nonsense_JJ Grattan_NP1 approved_VVD of_IO this_DD1 indication_NN1 that_CST the_AT new_JJ surgeon_NN1 was_VBDZ down-to-earth_JJ and_CC did_VDD not_XX care_VVI about_II the_AT trimmings_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 appreciated_VVD his_APPGE lack_NN1 of_IO small_JJ talk_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ sometimes_RT left_JJ others_NN2 ill_JJ at_II ease_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 welcomed_VVD his_APPGE serious_JJ approach_NN1 ,_, and_CC was_VBDZ relieved_VVN to_TO find_VVI he_PPHS1 demanded_VVD high_JJ standards_NN2 of_IO his_APPGE nurses_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Barratt-Boyes_NP1 remembers_VVZ only_RR that_CST the_AT staff_NN were_VBDR kind_JJ ,_, sympathetic_JJ and_CC helpful_JJ and_CC that_CST the_AT animal_NN1 surgical_JJ laboratory_NN1 developed_VVN by_II his_APPGE predecessor_NN1 ,_, Rowan_NP1 Nicks_NP1 ,_, and_CC Douglas_NP1 Robb_NP1 was_VBDZ more_DAR than_CSN he_PPHS1 had_VHD hoped_VVN for_IF ._. ^ ^_NULL Within_II weeks_NNT2 of_IO his_APPGE arrival_NN1 he_PPHS1 asked_VVD ,_, through_II Douglas_NP1 Robb_NP1 ,_, for_IF a_AT1 *+_NULL 3000_MC Melrose_NP1 machine_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Some_DD at_II Green_NP Lane_NNL1 doubted_VVD it_PPH1 would_VM be_VBI approved_VVN ,_, coming_VVG so_RG soon_RR after_II the_AT unit_NN1 had_VHD bought_VVN a_AT1 *+_NULL 500_MC pump_NN1 for_IF the_AT Lillehei_NP1 bubbler_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL However_RR ,_, the_AT hospital_NN1 board_NN1 wholeheartedly_RR supported_VVD the_AT request_NN1 for_IF the_AT Melrose_NP1 machine_NN1 (_( the_AT invention_NN1 of_IO Hammersmith_NP1 Hospital_NNL1 's_GE Denis_NP1 Melrose_NP1 )_) of_IO which_DDQ only_RR six_MC models_NN2 were_VBDR available_JJ for_IF sale_NN1 to_II selected_JJ centres_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Melrose_NP1 machine_NN1 would_VM put_VVI Green_NP Lane_NNL1 ,_, at_RR21 least_RR22 in_II a_AT1 small_JJ way_NN1 ,_, on_II the_AT world_NN1 map_NN1 of_IO surgery_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL As_CSA it_PPH1 was_VBDZ ,_, they_PPHS2 were_VBDR fumbling_VVG in_II a_AT1 vacuum_NN1 ,_, green_JJ and_CC inexperienced_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC everyone_PN1 knew_VVD when_RRQ Barratt-Boyes_NP1 arrived_VVD that_CST he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ the_AT man_NN1 who_PNQS could_VM lead_VVI them_PPHO2 from_II the_AT experimental_JJ wilderness_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Physiological_JJ technician_NN1 Syd_NP1 Yarrow_NP1 was_VBDZ the_AT hospital_NN1 's_GE one-man_JJ jack_NN1 of_IO all_DB trades_NN2 whose_DDQGE role_NN1 was_VBDZ to_TO maintain_VVI the_AT unit_NN1 's_VHZ instruments_NN2 *-_- but_CCB he_PPHS1 did_VDD much_DA1 more_DAR ._. ^ ^_NULL His_APPGE inventiveness_NN1 solved_VVD many_DA2 equipment_NN1 problems_NN2 and_CC by_II the_AT time_NNT1 he_PPHS1 had_VHD been_VBN there_RL twenty_MC years_NNT2 he_PPHS1 had_VHD forty-seven_MC technicians_NN2 under_II his_APPGE direction_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT early_JJ days_NNT2 ,_, however_RR ,_, he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ also_RR called_VVN on_II21 to_II22 help_NN1 run_VVN the_AT animal_NN1 laboratory_NN1 ,_, prepare_VV0 the_AT animals_NN2 for_IF operation_NN1 ,_, liaise_NN1 with_IW theatre_NN1 staff_NN and_CC soothe_VV0 the_AT tempers_NN2 of_IO those_DD2 fed_JJ21 up_JJ22 with_IW the_AT demands_NN2 of_IO the_AT struggling_JJ lab_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Yarrow_NP1 had_VHD worked_VVN in_II the_AT lab_NN1 while_CS it_PPH1 developed_VVD hypothermia_NN1 techniques_NN2 with_IW which_DDQ many_DA2 short_JJ closed-heart_JJ operations_NN2 were_VBDR carried_VVN out_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT hypothermia_NN1 operations_NN2 continued_VVN after_II Barratt-Boyes_NP1 arrived_VVD ,_, but_CCB the_AT most_RGT significant_JJ advance_NN1 at_II Green_NP Lane_NNL1 before_II the_AT Melrose_NP1 machine_NN1 was_VBDZ the_AT introduction_NN1 of_IO the_AT atrial_JJ well_JJ technique_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Newspapers_NN2 of_IO the_AT day_NNT1 reported_VVD it_PPH1 as_CSA one_MC1 of_IO the_AT most_RGT encouraging_JJ advances_NN2 at_II the_AT hospital_NN1 since_CS the_AT first_MD blue_JJ baby_NN1 operations_NN2 in_II 1949_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT papers_NN2 ,_, coy_JJ about_II identifying_VVG hospital_NN1 staff_NN ,_, reported_VVD the_AT operation_NN1 was_VBDZ done_VDN by_II *"_" a_AT1 young_JJ surgeon_NN1 from_II Wellington_NP1 who_PNQS learned_VVD the_AT technique_NN1 at_II the_AT famous_JJ Mayo_NP1 Clinic_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL His_APPGE success_NN1 at_II Green_NP Lane_NNL1 is_VBZ unmatched_JJ in_II the_AT Southern_NP1 Hemisphere_NP1 ._. **"_" ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT first_MD case_NN1 reported_VVD publicly_RR ,_, in_II November_NPM1 1957_MC ,_, was_VBDZ the_AT most_RGT recent_JJ of_IO six_MC successful_JJ operations_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II October_NPM1 the_AT English_JJ surgeon_NN1 Lord_NNB Brock_NP1 had_VHD visited_VVN Green_NP Lane_NNL1 and_CC saw_VVN the_AT method_NN1 for_IF the_AT first_MD time_NNT1 ,_, the_AT paper_NN1 reported_VVD ,_, thus_RR emphasising_VVG ,_, perhaps_RR ,_, the_AT backward_JJ state_NN1 of_IO British_JJ heart_NN1 surgery_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL His_APPGE colleagues_NN2 described_VVD the_AT operation_NN1 as_II a_AT1 technical_JJ tour_NN131 de_NN132 force_NN133 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Syd_NP1 Yarrow_NP1 remembers_VVZ the_AT great_JJ excitement_NN1 of_IO the_AT late_JJ September_NPM1 day_NNT1 in_II 1957_MC when_RRQ the_AT Melrose_NP1 machine_NN1 finally_RR arrived_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 ,_, Robb_NP1 and_CC Barratt-Boyes_NP1 supervised_VVD the_AT unpacking_NN1 on_II the_AT verandah_NN1 of_IO the_AT now-demolished_JJ wooden_JJ hut_NN1 where_RRQ Yarrow_NP1 had_VHD his_APPGE headquarters_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT hut_NN1 was_VBDZ later_RRR dubbed_VVN *"_" Melrose_NP1 Cottage_NNL1 **"_" in_II honour_NN1 of_IO the_AT machine_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT machine_NN1 came_VVD with_IW no_AT instructions_NN2 or_CC descriptive_JJ literature_NN1 ,_, but_CCB Yarrow_NP1 and_CC his_APPGE staff_NN were_VBDR used_VVN to_II that_DD1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 sat_VVD in_II the_AT bottom_NN1 of_IO the_AT crate_NN1 with_IW the_AT plastic_NN1 and_CC stainless_JJ steel_NN1 pump_NN1 ,_, oxygenator_NN1 ,_, tubing_NN1 and_CC blood_NN1 reservoirs_NN2 lumped_VVD unceremoniously_RR on_II top_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 disappointing_JJ sight_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 took_VVD hours_NNT2 to_TO assemble_VVI in_II Yarrow_NP1 's_GE hut_NN1 and_CC when_CS finally_RR in_II one_MC1 piece_NN1 it_PPH1 was_VBDZ obviously_RR unusable_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT depulsator_NN1 Barratt-Boyes_NP1 developed_VVD at_II Bristol_NP1 had_VHD not_XX been_VBN incorporated_VVN into_II the_AT production_NN1 line_NN1 model_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 also_RR lacked_VVD a_AT1 reservoir_NN1 for_IF venous_JJ blood_NN1 and_CC an_AT1 arterial_JJ filter_NN1 ,_, but_CCB included_VVD an_AT1 irrelevant_JJ and_CC superfluous_JJ oxygen_NN1 humidifier_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Without_IW the_AT reservoir_NN1 ,_, blood_NN1 from_II the_AT patient_NN1 went_VVD straight_RR to_II the_AT pump_NN1 inlet_NN1 of_IO the_AT machine_NN1 which_DDQ could_VM have_VHI been_VBN disastrous_JJ because_II21 of_II22 its_APPGE violent_JJ pressure_NN1 pulsations_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT arterial_JJ filter_NN1 was_VBDZ needed_VVN to_TO remove_VVI contaminants_NN2 from_II the_AT operation_NN1 site_NN1 and_CC reduce_VV0 the_AT number_NN1 of_IO bubbles_NN2 in_II the_AT blood_NN1 returning_VVG to_II the_AT patient_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Green_NP Lane_NNL1 had_VHD already_RR developed_VVN a_AT1 working_JJ relationship_NN1 with_IW the_AT Auckland_NP1 Industrial_JJ Development_NN1 Laboratories_NN2 of_IO the_AT Department_NNJ of_IO Scientific_JJ and_CC Industrial_JJ Research_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ had_VHD the_AT machine_NN1 shop_NN1 and_CC precision_NN1 engineering_NN1 facilities_NN2 to_TO make_VVI the_AT depulsator_NN1 and_CC the_AT reservoir_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ were_VBDR not_XX commercially_RR available_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT arterial_JJ filter_NN1 was_VBDZ ordered_VVN from_II overseas_RL ,_, at_II a_AT1 cost_NN1 of_IO *+_NULL $_NN {_NULL US_NP }_NULL 172_MC ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL During_II the_AT months_NNT2 in_II which_DDQ the_AT alterations_NN2 were_VBDR being_VBG made_VVN ,_, Barratt-Boyes_NP1 was_VBDZ in_II constant_JJ touch_NN1 with_IW overseas_JJ colleagues_NN2 using_VVG the_AT Melrose_NP1 machine_NN1 ,_, asking_VVG advice_NN1 and_CC offering_VVG help_NN1 where_RRQ he_PPHS1 could_VM ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 had_VHD always_RR known_VVN the_AT Melrose_NP1 was_VBDZ inferior_JJ to_II the_AT Mayo_NP1 machine_NN1 ,_, but_CCB the_AT American_JJ model_NN1 was_VBDZ not_XX available_JJ commercially_RR and_CC in_II any_DD case_NN1 would_VM have_VHI been_VBN beyond_II the_AT board_NN1 's_VBZ budget_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Nevertheless_RR ,_, he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ confident_JJ that_CST the_AT problems_NN2 with_IW the_AT Melrose_NP1 could_VM be_VBI ironed_VVN out_RP ,_, and_CC as_RG early_RR as_CSA January_NPM1 1958_MC he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ predicting_VVG the_AT machine_NN1 could_VM be_VBI in_II clinical_JJ use_NN1 within_II six_MC months_NNT2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Melrose_NP1 's_GE Hammersmith_NP1 group_NN had_VHD completed_VVN ten_MC cases_NN2 on_II the_AT machine_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Although_CS seven_MC of_IO the_AT patients_NN2 had_VHD died_VVN ,_, the_AT group_NN was_VBDZ convinced_VVN that_CST either_RR technique_NN1 or_CC patient_JJ choice_NN1 was_VBDZ to_TO blame_VVI *-_- not_XX the_AT machine_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II a_AT1 letter_NN1 to_II Kirklin_NP1 just_RR after_II the_AT machine_NN1 arrived_VVD Barratt-Boyes_NP1 said_VVD that_CST while_CS the_AT Melrose_NP1 was_VBDZ not_XX the_AT best_JJT it_PPH1 fulfilled_VVD basic_JJ requirements_NN2 **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL He_PPHS1 also_RR reported_VVD his_APPGE first_MD successes_NN2 with_IW the_AT atrial_JJ well_JJ technique_NN1 on_II poor-risk_JJ patients_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Thirty_MC patients_NN2 were_VBDR waiting_VVG for_IF the_AT procedure_NN1 and_CC more_RR21 than_RR22 twenty_MC were_VBDR already_RR on_II the_AT books_NN2 for_IF bypass_NN1 when_CS it_PPH1 became_VVD available_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL With_IW the_AT modifications_NN2 achieved_VVN in_II the_AT new_JJ year_NNT1 ,_, it_PPH1 was_VBDZ time_NNT1 to_TO go_VVI to_II work_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Barratt-Boyes_NP1 was_VBDZ impressed_VVN by_II the_AT team_NN 's_VBZ sorting_VVG out_II21 of_II22 the_AT problems_NN2 and_CC he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ keen_JJ to_TO get_VVI the_AT Melrose_NP1 up_RP and_CC running_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Sir_NNB Douglas_NP1 Robb_NP1 had_VHD already_RR bowed_VVN out_II21 of_II22 the_AT development_NN1 ,_, wisely_RR feeling_VVG it_PPH1 should_VM be_VBI left_VVN to_II the_AT younger_JJR surgeon_NN1 who_PNQS had_VHD more_DAR experience_NN1 in_II the_AT field_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL His_APPGE decision_NN1 to_TO leave_VVI the_AT work_NN1 to_II Barratt-Boyes_NP1 was_VBDZ widely_RR applauded_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 encouraged_VVD younger_JJR people_NN for_IF the_AT good_JJ of_IO the_AT unit_NN1 and_CC he_PPHS1 would_VM not_XX interfere_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 just_RR stood_VVD on_II the_AT sidelines_NN2 and_CC barracked_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 policy_NN1 not_XX used_VVN by_II surgeons_NN2 of_IO similar_JJ stature_NN1 overseas_RL who_PNQS ,_, up_II21 to_II22 the_AT last_MD moment_NN1 ,_, interfered_VVD with_IW the_AT work_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE younger_JJR colleagues_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Barratt-Boyes_NP1 '_GE aim_NN1 was_VBDZ to_TO use_VVI the_AT same_DA team_NN in_II the_AT experimental_JJ lab_NN1 as_CSA in_II the_AT operating_NN1 theatre_NN1 ,_, so_CS he_PPHS1 hand-picked_JJ the_AT best_JJT available_JJ *-_- Jack_NP1 Watt_NP1 and_CC Eve_NP1 Seelye_NP1 as_RG anaesthetists_NN2 ;_; Elsa_NP1 Laing_NP1 as_CSA scrub_NN1 nurse_NN1 ;_; David_NP1 Cole_NP1 as_CSA assistant_JJ surgeon_NN1 ;_; cardiological_JJ registrar_NN1 *"_" Slim_JJ **"_" Jim_NP1 Williams_NP1 to_TO run_VVI the_AT machine_NN1 and_CC Yarrow_NP1 as_CSA his_APPGE assistant_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 also_RR stepped_VVD up_RP co_NNJ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL -operation_NN1 with_IW other_JJ departments_NNJ2 ,_, bringing_VVG in_II pathologist_NN1 Stephen_NP1 Williams_NP1 ,_, his_APPGE senior_JJ laboratory_NN1 technician_NN1 Ian_NP1 Cole_NP1 and_CC relying_VVG heavily_RR on_II animal_NN1 lab_NN1 technician_NN1 Bob_NP1 Cooper_NP1 to_TO look_VVI after_II the_AT *"_" patients_NN2 **"_" ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT team_NN was_VBDZ a_AT1 mixed_JJ bunch_NN1 but_CCB a_AT1 dedicated_JJ one_PN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Bob_NP1 Cooper_NP1 spent_VVD his_APPGE lunchtimes_NNT2 studying_VVG the_AT bible_NN1 and_CC eventually_RR left_VVN Green_NP Lane_NNL1 to_TO study_VVI at_II \_NULL St_NP John_NP1 's_GE Theological_JJ College_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ later_RRR ordained_VVN an_AT1 Anglican_JJ priest_NN1 and_CC became_VVD a_AT1 prison_NN1 chaplain_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 pleasant_JJ ,_, affable_JJ ,_, enthusiastic_JJ young_JJ man_NN1 who_PNQS was_VBDZ untiring_JJ and_CC willing_JJ to_TO work_VVI long_JJ hours_NNT2 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ keen_JJ to_TO make_VVI the_AT whole_JJ thing_NN1 a_AT1 success_NN1 *-_- and_CC that_DD1 was_VBDZ the_AT sort_NN1 of_IO person_NN1 the_AT team_NN needed_VVD ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Jim_NP1 Williams_NP1 was_VBDZ an_AT1 eccentric_JJ young_JJ bachelor_NN1 who_PNQS tended_VVD to_II work_NN1 best_RRT when_RRQ it_PPH1 suited_VVD him_PPHO1 *-_- and_CC the_AT Melrose_NP1 machine_NN1 research_NN1 suited_VVD him_PPHO1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 later_RRR worked_VVD at_II Mayo_NP1 Clinic_NN1 ,_, where_CS he_PPHS1 developed_VVD a_AT1 computer_NN1 system_NN1 ,_, before_II travelling_VVG to_II England_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Pathologist_NP1 Stephen_NP1 Williams_NP1 was_VBDZ to_TO develop_VVI an_AT1 important_JJ relationship_NN1 with_IW Barratt-Boyes_NP1 on_II31 account_II32 of_II33 his_APPGE collection_NN1 of_IO preserved_JJ hearts_NN2 with_IW congenital_JJ defects_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Before_CS a_AT1 difficult_JJ or_CC unusual_JJ operation_NN1 Barratt-Boyes_NP1 would_VM ask_VVI him_PPHO1 to_TO bring_VVI out_RP a_AT1 range_NN1 of_IO organs_NN2 showing_VVG a_AT1 particular_JJ defect_NN1 and_CC ,_, even_RR after_II a_AT1 long_JJ day_NNT1 in_II theatre_NN1 ,_, he_PPHS1 would_VM go_VVI to_II the_AT lab_NN1 to_TO examine_VVI each_DD1 one_PN1 meticulously_RR ,_, refreshing_JJ and_CC informing_VVG himself_PPX1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 also_RR regularly_RR attended_JJ autopsies_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Elsa_NP1 Laing_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 tall_JJ ,_, tense_JJ young_JJ woman_NN1 ,_, was_VBDZ a_AT1 first-class_JJ scrub_NN1 nurse_NN1 ,_, says_VVZ Barratt-Boyes_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 had_VHD the_AT right_JJ temperament_NN1 ,_, anticipated_VVD the_AT surgeon_NN1 's_VHZ wishes_NN2 and_CC contributed_VVD to_II the_AT smoothness_NN1 and_CC success_NN1 to_II the_AT procedure_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Laing_NP1 later_RRR went_VVD into_II public_JJ health_NN1 nursing_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Eve_NP1 Seelye_NP1 helped_VVD in_II her_APPGE spare_JJ time_NNT1 as_II anaesthetic_NN1 registrar_NN1 *-_- she_PPHS1 was_VBDZ to_TO be_VBI appointed_VVN as_II a_AT1 specialist_NN1 in_II 1961_MC *-_- because_CS she_PPHS1 was_VBDZ so_RG keen_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Jack_NP1 Watt_NP1 was_VBDZ in_II his_APPGE last_MD year_NNT1 as_CSA Green_NP Lane_NNL1 anaesthetist_NN1 during_II the_AT bypass_NN1 development_NN1 ,_, and_CC he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ soon_RR to_TO be_VBI appointed_VVN the_AT Auckland_NP1 Hospital_NNL1 Board_NNJ 's_GE director_NN1 of_IO anaesthetic_NN1 services_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ the_AT ideal_JJ anaesthetist_NN1 for_IF the_AT job_NN1 *-_- eager_JJ ,_, helpful_JJ and_CC willing_JJ to_TO learn_VVI new_JJ techniques_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT team_NN quickly_RR became_VVD aware_JJ it_PPH1 was_VBDZ working_VVG with_IW a_AT1 perfectionist_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ no_AT halfway_JJ house_NN1 ,_, no_UH *"_" she_PPHS1 'll_VM be_VBI right_RR **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL That_DD1 just_RR did_VDD n't_XX do_VDI ._. ^ ^_NULL Barratt-Boyes_NP1 was_VBDZ very_RG much_DA1 in_II control_NN1 and_CC meticulous_JJ ,_, and_CC would_VM not_XX stand_VVI fools_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 never_RR intimidated_VVD ,_, just_RR encouraged_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 demanded_VVD high_JJ standards_NN2 and_CC he_PPHS1 got_VVD them_PPHO2 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ determined_VVN it_PPH1 would_VM work_VVI ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Though_CS Cole_NP1 and_CC Rowan_NP1 Nicks_NP1 had_VHD done_VDN experimental_JJ work_NN1 on_II dogs_NN2 using_VVG the_AT Lillehei_NP1 bubbler_NN1 ,_, the_AT Melrose_NP1 team_NN began_VVD its_APPGE work_NN1 with_IW pigs_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Several_DA2 hospital_NN1 board_NN1 members_NN2 violently_RR opposed_VVD the_AT use_NN1 of_IO dogs_NN2 in_II experiments_NN2 and_CC the_AT researchers_NN2 found_VVD these_DD2 animals_NN2 were_VBDR too_RG small_JJ to_TO be_VBI used_VVN successfully_RR ,_, anyway_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB pigs_NN2 had_VHD their_APPGE problems_NN2 ,_, too_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL Although_CS their_APPGE cardiac_JJ anatomy_NN1 was_VBDZ very_RG close_JJ to_II that_DD1 of_IO humans_NN2 ,_, they_PPHS2 had_VHD a_AT1 big_JJ fatty_JJ layer_NN1 and_CC were_VBDR unsuitable_JJ for_IF cooling_VVG or_CC perfusion_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 also_RR had_VHD a_AT1 relatively_RR small_JJ chest_NN1 cavity_NN1 and_CC their_APPGE arteries_NN2 were_VBDR hard_JJ to_TO cannulate_VVI ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Eve_NP1 Seelye_NP1 recalls_VVZ ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT team_NN then_RT changed_VVN to_II sheep_NN ,_, but_CCB not_XX before_II one_MC1 of_IO the_AT rare_JJ surviving_JJ piglets_NN2 had_VHD escaped_VVN from_II the_AT animal_NN1 lab_NN1 one_MC1 Sunday_NPD1 afternoon_NNT1 ,_, disrupting_VVG a_AT1 Salvation_NN1 Army_NNJ concert_NN1 for_IF the_AT patients_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT doctors_NN2 started_VVD to_TO give_VVI chase_NN1 ,_, then_RT quickly_RR realised_VVD they_PPHS2 were_VBDR in_RR21 full_RR22 view_VV0 so_JJ21 called_JJ22 in_II the_AT orderlies_NN2 to_TO catch_VVI it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *"_" It_PPH1 had_VHD obviously_RR had_VHN a_AT1 very_RG good_JJ operation_NN1 because_CS the_AT poor_JJ thing_NN1 had_VHD a_AT1 great_JJ big_JJ suture_NN1 line_NN1 around_II his_APPGE chest_NN1 *-_- it_PPH1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 remarkably_RR good_JJ ad_NN1 ,_, **"_" says_VVZ Gloria_NP1 Grattan_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Sheep_NN were_VBDR little_RR known_VVN or_CC used_VVD as_RG experimental_JJ animals_NN2 but_CCB were_VBDR subsequently_RR extensively_RR used_VVN in_II a_AT1 wide_JJ variety_NN1 of_IO research_NN1 work_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL David_NP1 Cole_NP1 ,_, Yarrow_NP1 and_CC Barratt-Boyes_NP1 took_VVD turns_NN2 on_II Friday_NPD1 mornings_NNT2 *-_- the_AT day_NNT1 designated_VVD for_IF the_AT lab_NN1 work_VV0 *-_- to_TO gather_VVI sheep_NN blood_NN1 from_II the_AT Westfield_NP1 abattoir_NN1 to_II prime_JJ the_AT bypass_NN1 machine_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ messy_JJ and_CC nauseating_VVG work_NN1 ,_, although_CS Barratt-Boyes_NP1 at_RR21 least_RR22 had_VHN the_AT advantage_NN1 of_IO previous_JJ experience_NN1 in_II freezing_JJ works_NN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT method_NN1 was_VBDZ simple_JJ *-_- take_NN1 a_AT1 bucket_NN1 and_CC hold_VV0 it_PPH1 under_II the_AT bleeding_JJ throat_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 dying_JJ sheep_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL Then_RT decant_VV0 the_AT blood_NN1 into_II three_MC or_CC four_MC sterilised_VVD preserving_VVG jars_NN2 coated_VVD with_IW silicone_NN1 to_TO prevent_VVI clotting_VVG ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 207+TEXT+G20_FO **]_NULL ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL It_PPH1 now_RT controls_VVZ sixty_MC per_NNU21 cent_NNU22 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 decade_NNT1 ago_RA the_AT {_NULL EEC_NP1 }_NULL imported_VVD beef_NN1 and_CC sugar_NN1 ;_; now_RT it_PPH1 is_VBZ the_AT world_NN1 's_GE largest_JJT exporter_NN1 of_IO both_DB2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Luckily_NP1 ,_, New_NP Zealand_NP1 has_VHZ been_VBN blessed_VVN with_IW trade_NN1 diplomats_NN2 of_IO high_JJ calibre_NN1 and_CC the_AT Deputy_NN1 Secretary_NN1 of_IO Trade_NN1 and_CC Industry_NN1 ,_, Ted_NP1 Woodfield_NP1 ,_, must_VM surely_RR be_VBI one_MC1 of_IO the_AT most_RGT experienced_JJ in_II the_AT business_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Equally_NP1 ,_, some_DD outstanding_JJ politicians_NN2 have_VH0 carried_VVN the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 brief_JJ to_II Europe_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Walter_NP1 Nash_NP1 's_GE pilgrimages_NN2 there_RL now_RT seem_VV0 luxurious_JJ ;_; weeks_NNT2 at_II sea_NN1 to_TO visit_VVI one_MC1 customer_NN1 (_( Great_NP Britain_NP1 )_) ,_, then_RT a_AT1 slow_JJ trip_NN1 home_RL ._. ^ ^_NULL Sir_NNB John_NP1 Marshall_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS cut_VV0 the_AT final_JJ agreement_NN1 on_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 access_NN1 into_II the_AT {_NULL EEC_NP1 }_NULL ,_, was_VBDZ an_AT1 outstanding_JJ and_CC patient_JJ negotiator_NN1 whose_DDQGE original_JJ agreement_NN1 still_RR forms_VVZ the_AT basis_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE lobbying_NN1 in_II the_AT {_NULL EEC_NP1 }_NULL ._. ^ ^_NULL While_CS he_PPHS1 door-knocked_JJ in_II Europe_NP1 ,_, others_NN2 tapped_VVD on_II doors_NN2 around_II his_APPGE caucus_NN1 ,_, plotting_VVG against_II him_PPHO1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Brian_NP1 Talboys_NP1 also_RR had_VHN the_AT personal_JJ stature_NN1 ,_, discipline_NN1 and_CC deep_RR understanding_VVG necessary_JJ to_TO represent_VVI the_AT needs_NN2 of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 farmers_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL As_II a_AT1 past_JJ Minister_NN1 of_IO Agriculture_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 rural_JJ {_NULL MP_NN1 }_NULL ,_, he_PPHS1 knew_VVD the_AT cost_NN1 of_IO losing_VVG our_APPGE most_RGT important_JJ markets_NN2 and_CC spent_VVD the_AT best_JJT years_NNT2 of_IO his_APPGE life_NN1 living_VVG out_II21 of_II22 suitcases_NN2 as_CSA he_PPHS1 pressed_VVD New_NP Zealand_NP1 's_GE case_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Initially_RR it_PPH1 was_VBDZ my_APPGE hope_NN1 to_TO get_VVI my_APPGE old_JJ friend_NN1 Joe_NP1 Walding_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS soon_RR became_VVD New_NP Zealand_NP1 High_JJ Commissioner_NN1 in_II London_NP1 ,_, to_II team_NN up_RP with_IW Talboys_NP1 as_CSA special_JJ trade_NN1 representatives_NN2 to_II Europe_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 believed_VVD they_PPHS2 would_VM get_VVI the_AT best_JJT deals_NN2 possible_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL However_RR ,_, Talboys_NP1 was_VBDZ tired_JJ of_IO the_AT European_JJ circuit_NN1 and_CC his_APPGE interests_NN2 were_VBDR now_RT more_RRR in_II the_AT Pacific_NP1 ;_; it_PPH1 has_VHZ been_VBN pleasing_JJ to_TO financially_RR assist_VVI his_APPGE and_CC Sir_NNB Frank_NP1 Holmes_NP1 's_GE work_NN1 in_II that_DD1 region_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 appointed_VVD Brian_NP1 Talboys_NP1 ,_, along_II21 with_II22 Sir_NNB John_NP1 Marshall_NP1 ,_, to_II an_AT1 advisory_JJ council_NNJ on_II trade_NN1 matters_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Wisdom_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX restricted_VVN to_II any_DD one_MC1 party_NN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL My_APPGE European_JJ strategy_NN1 was_VBDZ simple_JJ :_: to_TO continue_VVI the_AT good_JJ work_NN1 of_IO the_AT past_NN1 and_CC to_TO make_VVI contact_NN1 with_IW other_JJ influential_JJ people_NN in_II the_AT consumer_NN1 markets_NN2 ,_, farmer_NN1 groups_NN2 ,_, trade_NN1 unions_NN2 and_CC development_NN1 agencies_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL With_IW that_DD1 object_NN1 in_II mind_NN1 my_APPGE first_MD visit_NN1 to_II Europe_NP1 was_VBDZ devoted_JJ to_II explaining_VVG the_AT position_NN1 of_IO the_AT new_JJ Government_NNJ to_TO finance_VVI as_CC31 well_CC32 as_CC33 agricultural_JJ ministers_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL My_APPGE short_JJ experience_NN1 of_IO government_NN had_VHD convinced_VVN me_PPIO1 that_CST ministers_NN2 of_IO agriculture_NN1 judged_VVD their_APPGE success_NN1 by_II the_AT size_NN1 of_IO the_AT subsidies_NN2 they_PPHS2 won_VVD for_IF farmers_NN2 ,_, while_CS finance_NN1 ministers_NN2 judge_VV0 their_APPGE performance_NN1 by_II how_RGQ much_DA1 they_PPHS2 can_VM reduce_VVI their_APPGE deficits_NN2 and_CC make_VVI the_AT most_RGT efficient_JJ use_NN1 of_IO scarce_JJ taxpayer_NN1 resources_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL My_APPGE first_MD whistle-stop_JJ tour_NN1 of_IO the_AT European_JJ capitals_NN2 was_VBDZ predictable_JJ ,_, both_RR in_II31 terms_II32 of_II33 itinerary_NN1 and_CC problems_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Butter_NN1 access_NN1 had_VHD to_TO be_VBI renegotiated_VVN within_II eighteen_MC months_NNT2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT already_RR huge_JJ European_JJ surplus_NN1 was_VBDZ growing_VVG and_CC a_AT1 new_JJ crew_NN1 of_IO European_JJ Commissioners_NN2 had_VHD to_TO be_VBI appointed_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL Any_DD time_NNT1 there_EX 's_VBZ a_AT1 change_NN1 of_IO European_JJ Council_NNJ personnel_NN2 ,_, or_CC indeed_RR a_AT1 change_NN1 of_IO government_NN in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 ,_, those_DD2 who_PNQS seek_VV0 to_TO do_VDI New_NP Zealand_NP1 mischief_NN1 or_CC to_TO remove_VVI us_PPIO2 from_II the_AT market_NN1 have_VH0 an_AT1 opportunity_NN1 to_TO take_VVI us_PPIO2 unawares_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT {_NULL EEC_NP1 }_NULL had_VHD been_VBN enlarged_VVN and_CC Spain_NP1 and_CC Portugal_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS have_VH0 no_AT real_JJ knowledge_NN1 of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 and_CC no_AT real_JJ dairy_NN1 industry_NN1 ,_, now_RT sat_VVD at_II the_AT council_NNJ table_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 could_VM easily_RR trade_VVI off_RP our_APPGE interest_NN1 as_CSA they_PPHS2 negotiated_VVD a_AT1 rural_JJ package_NN1 for_IF themselves_PPX2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL We_PPIS2 had_VHD only_RR got_VVN as_CS31 far_CS32 as_CS33 Luxembourg_NP1 when_RRQ the_AT sad_JJ news_NN1 was_VBDZ conveyed_VVN to_II us_PPIO2 that_CST Joe_NP1 Walding_NP1 had_VHD died_VVN suddenly_RR in_II London_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Yvonne_NP1 and_CC I_PPIS1 were_VBDR thunderstruck_JJ ;_; Joe_NP1 had_VHD n't_XX even_RR had_VHN time_NNT1 to_TO get_VVI his_APPGE feet_NN2 properly_RR under_II the_AT table_NN1 in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 House_NN1 as_CSA our_APPGE High_JJ Commissioner_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 flew_VVD to_II London_NP1 and_CC were_VBDR privileged_JJ to_TO spend_VVI an_AT1 evening_NNT1 with_IW the_AT bereaved_JJ Walding_NP1 family_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 saw_VVD Joe_NP1 's_GE coffin_NN1 off_RP on_II an_AT1 Air_NN1 New_NP Zealand_NP1 Boeing_NP1 747_MC next_MD day_NNT1 ,_, and_CC ,_, as_CSA the_AT plane_NN1 disappeared_VVD into_II the_AT distance_NN1 ,_, Eileen_NP1 ,_, Joe_NP1 's_GE wife_NN1 ,_, commented_VVD that_CST he_PPHS1 would_VM have_VHI appreciated_VVN going_VVG out_RP *'_" cargo_NN1 **'_" with_IW all_DB the_AT other_JJ export_NN1 products_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 still_RR miss_VV0 not_XX being_VBG able_JK to_TO ring_VVI Joe_NP1 ,_, to_TO talk_VVI over_RP a_AT1 problem_NN1 and_CC to_TO seek_VVI his_APPGE advice_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL My_APPGE second_MD European_JJ trip_NN1 was_VBDZ upset_VVN by_II the_AT *1_NULL Rainbow_NP1 Warrior_NP1 *0_NULL bombing_VVG in_II July_NPM1 1985_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL For_IF a_AT1 decade_NNT1 I_PPIS1 'd_VHD dreamed_VVN of_IO getting_VVG the_AT best_JJT results_NN2 of_IO any_DD Trade_NN1 Minister_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB the_AT stupid_JJ ,_, ugly_JJ ,_, aggressive_JJ French_JJ act_NN1 of_IO sabotage_NN1 threatened_VVD everything_PN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL New_NP Zealand_NP1 was_VBDZ justifiably_RR outraged_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ the_AT first_MD foreign_JJ shot_NN1 fired_VVD in_II anger_NN1 in_II our_APPGE country_NN1 since_CS colonial_JJ days_NNT2 ,_, and_CC it_PPH1 had_VHD been_VBN fired_VVN by_II the_AT French_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 nation_NN1 whose_DDQGE distant_JJ liberty_NN1 had_VHD been_VBN defended_VVN twice_RR with_IW New_NP Zealand_NP1 blood_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 remembered_VVD the_AT French_JJ township_NN1 of_IO Le_NP Quesnoy_NP1 ,_, where_CS a_AT1 decision_NN1 of_IO the_AT New_JJ Zealanders_NP1 to_TO storm_VVI the_AT town_NN1 ,_, not_XX to_TO demolish_VVI it_PPH1 by_II artillery_NN1 ,_, saved_VVD many_DA2 of_IO the_AT inhabitants_NN2 and_CC the_AT town_NN1 itself_PPX1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 had_VHD visited_VVN Le_NP Quesnoy_NP1 on_II Anzac_NP1 Day_NP1 years_NNT2 before_RT and_CC found_VVD this_DD1 a_AT1 moving_JJ experience_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL No_AT Kiwi_NN1 eye_NN1 was_VBDZ dry_JJ as_CSA old_JJ French_JJ people_NN hugged_VVD us_PPIO2 and_CC the_AT young_JJ waved_JJ home-made_NN1 (_( and_CC frequently_RR wrongly_RR designed_VVN )_) New_NP Zealand_NP1 flags_VVZ ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT successful_JJ assault_NN1 over_II the_AT town_NN1 's_GE medieval_JJ walls_NN2 with_IW the_AT loss_NN1 of_IO many_DA2 New_NP Zealand_NP1 lives_NN2 was_VBDZ led_VVN by_II a_AT1 young_JJ New_JJ Zealander_NP1 ,_, Leslie_NP1 Averill_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS was_VBDZ later_JJR to_TO chair_VVI the_AT Canterbury_NP1 Hospital_NNL1 Board_NNJ ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 plaque_NN1 in_II that_DD1 forgotten_JJ French_JJ village_NN1 reads_VVZ :_: ^_NULL *'_" They_PPHS2 came_VVD from_II the_AT outermost_JJ ends_NN2 of_IO the_AT earth_NN1 ._. ^ **'_" |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 'd_VM often_RR argued_VVN during_II the_AT election_NN1 campaign_NN1 that_CST I_ZZ1 and_CC many_DA2 of_IO my_APPGE colleagues_NN2 represented_VVD a_AT1 new_JJ generation_NN1 of_IO New_JJ Zealanders_NP1 ,_, the_AT lucky_JJ generation_NN1 *-_- New_JJ Zealanders_NP1 who_PNQS had_VHD missed_VVN the_AT Great_JJ Depression_NN1 and_CC escaped_VVN the_AT horrors_NN2 of_IO the_AT World_NN1 Wars_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL When_CS I_PPIS1 had_VHD been_VBN in_II Europe_NP1 ,_, however_RR ,_, I_PPIS1 'd_VM always_RR been_VBN sensitive_JJ in_II negotiations_NN2 or_CC in_II speeches_NN2 not_XX to_TO overplay_VVI our_APPGE war_NN1 service_NN1 card_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT French_JJ action_NN1 gave_VVD cause_NN1 for_IF legitimate_JJ outrage_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 re-read_VVD Keith_NP1 Sinclair_NP1 's_GE *1_NULL History_NN1 of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 *0_NULL and_CC was_VBDZ able_JK to_TO drop_VVI into_II conversation_NN1 the_AT powerful_JJ argument_NN1 that_CST New_NP Zealand_NP1 ,_, some_DD 20,000_MC kilometres_NNU2 away_RL and_CC with_IW one-seventh_MF of_IO the_AT population_NN1 of_IO Belgium_NP1 ,_, lost_VVD more_DAR men_NN2 than_CSN Belgium_NP1 in_II the_AT First_MD World_NN1 War_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL New_JJ Zealanders_NP1 have_VH0 found_VVN an_AT1 excellent_JJ market_NN1 for_IF green_JJ peas_NN2 in_II India_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL However_RR ,_, when_CS the_AT news_NN1 of_IO the_AT Greenpeace_NP ship_NN1 *1_NULL Rainbow_NP1 Warrior_NP1 's_GE sinking_NN1 thundered_VVD across_II the_AT world_NN1 's_VHZ headlines_NN2 a_AT1 worried_JJ Indian_JJ trader_NN1 cabled_VVD his_APPGE Canterbury_NP1 supplier_NN1 :_: ^_NULL *'_" What_DDQ will_VM happen_VVI to_II our_APPGE business_NN1 now_RT our_APPGE ship_NN1 *1_NULL Greenpeas_NP1 *0_NULL has_VHZ been_VBN sunk_VVN ?_? ^ **'_" |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 tried_VVD to_TO separate_VVI the_AT two_MC issues_NN2 ,_, Greenpeace_NP and_CC butter_NN1 access_NN1 ,_, but_CCB at_II the_AT same_DA time_NNT1 had_VHD to_TO ensure_VVI France_NP1 did_VDD n't_XX use_VVI her_APPGE veto_NN1 power_NN1 to_TO put_VVI pressure_NN1 on_II us_PPIO2 to_TO release_VVI her_APPGE agents_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Ultimately_NP1 ,_, however_RR ,_, the_AT *1_NULL Rainbow_NP1 Warrior_NP1 *0_NULL issue_NN1 denied_VVD me_PPIO1 the_AT opportunity_NN1 to_TO renegotiate_VVI a_AT1 new_JJ butter_NN1 access_NN1 agreement_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 third_MD trip_NN1 to_II Europe_NP1 had_VHD to_TO be_VBI arranged_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 took_VVD with_IW me_PPIO1 Federated_JJ Farmers_NP1 '_GE Peter_NP1 Elworthy_NP1 and_CC {_NULL FOL_NN1 }_NULL executive_NN member_NN1 Dave_NP1 Morgan_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS I_PPIS1 felt_VVD would_VM be_VBI able_JK to_TO talk_VVI to_II a_AT1 wider_JJR constituency_NN1 and_CC broaden_VVI the_AT focus_NN1 of_IO the_AT mission_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL This_DD1 proved_VVD to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 wise_JJ move_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Elworthy_NP1 ,_, an_AT1 honest_JJ conservative_NN1 of_IO the_AT old_JJ school_NN1 ,_, told_VVD European_JJ farmer_NN1 leaders_NN2 about_II the_AT problems_NN2 New_NP Zealand_NP1 farmers_NN2 were_VBDR having_VHG and_CC ,_, with_IW my_APPGE encouragement_NN1 ,_, about_II how_RRQ the_AT new_JJ *'_" ratbag_NN1 **'_" Labour_NNJ Government_NNJ had_VHD put_VVN twenty-five_MC per_NNU21 cent_NNU22 of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 farmers_NN2 into_II technical_JJ insolvency_NN1 by_II removing_VVG subsidies_NN2 and_CC financial_JJ props_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ essential_JJ to_TO stress_VVI how_RRQ things_NN2 were_VBDR changing_VVG at_II home_NN1 because_CS many_DA2 Europeans_NN2 still_RR thought_VVN Kiwi_NN1 farmers_NN2 were_VBDR all_DB wealthy_JJ and_CC had_VHD servants_NN2 ;_; an_AT1 unfortunate_JJ perspective_NN1 past_II governments_NNJ2 have_VH0 helped_VVN perpetuate_JJ by_II taking_VVG guests_NN2 like_II Commissioner_NN1 Andriessen_NP1 to_TO visit_VVI only_RR wealthy_JJ third-generation_JJ farmers_NN2 when_RRQ they_PPHS2 'd_VHD been_VBN in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Visitors_NP1 still_RR see_VV0 the_AT best_JJT farms_NN2 ,_, but_CCB now_RT we_PPIS2 also_RR see_VV0 that_CST they_PPHS2 visit_VV0 the_AT battlers_NN2 who_PNQS are_VBR building_VVG their_APPGE farms_NN2 without_IW the_AT benefit_NN1 of_IO Grandad_NN1 's_VBZ sweat_NN1 and_CC sacrifice_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Months_NNT2 after_II his_APPGE visit_NN1 to_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 ,_, Frans_NP1 Andriessen_NP1 asked_VVD me_PPIO1 how_RRQ a_AT1 young_JJ couple_NN1 he_PPHS1 had_VHD visited_VVN in_II Jim_NP1 Sutton_NP1 's_GE Waitaki_NP1 electorate_NN1 were_VBDR getting_VVG on_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT couple_NN1 were_VBDR honest_JJ and_CC hard-working_JJ and_CC their_APPGE balance_NN1 sheet_NN1 had_VHD impressed_VVN and_CC also_RR dismayed_VVD him_PPHO1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Clearly_RR we_PPIS2 were_VBDR beginning_VVG to_TO get_VVI the_AT message_NN1 across_RL ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Decisions_NN2 made_VVN in_II Europe_NP1 subsequent_II21 to_II22 our_APPGE three_MC trips_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN good_JJ for_IF New_NP Zealand_NP1 but_CCB they_PPHS2 have_VH0 only_RR postponed_VVN our_APPGE problems_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 'm_VBM proud_JJ I_PPIS1 got_VVD the_AT best_JJT deal_NN1 in_II a_AT1 decade_NNT1 ,_, but_CCB longer-term_JJ solutions_NN2 have_VH0 to_TO be_VBI found_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT final_JJ answer_NN1 ,_, if_CS there_EX is_VBZ one_PN1 ,_, will_NN1 centre_NN1 on_II the_AT politics_NN of_IO food_NN1 prices_NN2 ,_, as_CC31 well_CC32 as_CC33 a_AT1 fairer_JJR world_NN1 food-trading_JJ system_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL As_CS31 far_CS32 as_CS33 trade-related_JJ policy_NN1 issues_NN2 are_VBR concerned_JJ ,_, it_PPH1 may_VM surprise_VVI many_DA2 to_TO know_VVI that_CST the_AT most_RGT difficult_JJ area_NN1 I_PPIS1 have_VH0 had_VHN to_TO deal_VVI with_IW is_VBZ the_AT live-sheep_JJ trade_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Inherited_JJ from_II my_APPGE family_NN is_VBZ a_AT1 deep_JJ love_NN1 of_IO animals_NN2 and_CC I_PPIS1 ca_VM n't_XX even_RR watch_VVI Walt_NP1 Disney_NP1 movies_NN2 if_CS animals_NN2 are_VBR being_VBG hurt_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 still_RR remember_VV0 the_AT trauma_NN1 of_IO seeing_VVG the_AT movie_NN1 *1_NULL Old_JJ Yellow_NN1 *0_NULL as_II a_AT1 boy_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ so_RG upset_JJ I_PPIS1 vomited_VVD and_CC got_VVD my_APPGE foot_NN1 caught_VVN down_RP the_AT back_NN1 of_IO the_AT seat_NN1 in_II31 front_II32 of_II33 me_PPIO1 ;_; the_AT manager_NN1 had_VHD to_TO dismantle_VVI the_AT whole_JJ row_NN1 to_TO release_VVI me_PPIO1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 support_VV0 animal_NN1 welfare_NN1 groups_NN2 *-_- such_II21 as_II22 Beauty_NN1 Without_IW Cruelty_NN1 *-_- who_PNQS campaign_VV0 against_II pointless_JJ experimentation_NN1 on_II animals_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT issue_NN1 of_IO live-sheep_JJ exports_NN2 thus_RR placed_VVD me_PPIO1 in_II a_AT1 moral_JJ dilemma_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Could_VM I_PPIS1 deny_VVI New_NP Zealand_NP1 farmers_NN2 an_AT1 income_NN1 in_II tough_JJ times_NNT2 because_II21 of_II22 my_APPGE personal_JJ views_NN2 ?_? ^ ^_NULL Obviously_RR not_XX ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 met_VVD with_IW the_AT president_NN1 of_IO the_AT {_NULL SPCA_NN1 }_NULL ,_, Neil_NP1 Wells_NP1 ,_, and_CC said_VVD that_CST while_CS I_PPIS1 understood_VVD his_APPGE position_NN1 ,_, New_NP Zealand_NP1 had_VHD no_AT choice_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT {_NULL SPCA_NN1 }_NULL were_VBDR n't_XX convinced_JJ and_CC went_VVD to_II a_AT1 world_NN1 {_NULL SPCA_NN1 }_NULL conference_NN1 in_II Europe_NP1 ,_, seeking_VVG a_AT1 boycott_NN1 of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 products_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ angry_JJ that_CST the_AT conference_NN1 seemed_VVD ready_JJ to_II single_JJ New_NP Zealand_NP1 out_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL What_DDQ about_II Australia_NP1 ,_, the_AT Europeans_NN2 and_CC the_AT Americans_NN2 ,_, all_DB of_IO whom_PNQO exported_VVD live_JJ animals_NN2 ?_? ^ ^_NULL Fewer_DAR sheep_NN were_VBDR being_VBG lost_VVN on_II ships_NN2 between_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 and_CC Mexico_NP1 than_CSN were_VBDR dying_VVG on_II trucks_NN2 travelling_VVG between_II that_DD1 country_NN1 and_CC the_AT United_NP States_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ also_RR told_VVN that_CST American_JJ sheepgrowers_NN2 were_VBDR providing_VVG our_APPGE {_NULL SPCA_NN1 }_NULL with_IW false_JJ information_NN1 as_II21 to_II22 the_AT numbers_NN2 that_CST died_VVD on_II our_APPGE export_NN1 ships_NN2 and_CC public_JJ opinion_NN1 was_VBDZ being_VBG manipulated_VVN by_II people_NN posing_VVG as_RG *'_" concerned_JJ and_CC principled_VVD **'_" ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL But_CCB the_AT mail_NN1 I_PPIS1 got_VVD hurt_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Old_JJ friends_NN2 suggested_VVD I_PPIS1 'd_VHD *'_" sold_VVN out_RP **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 also_RR reminded_VVD me_PPIO1 that_CST many_DA2 people_NN care_VV0 more_DAR about_II animals_NN2 than_CSN people_NN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Yuri_NP1 Gagarin_NP1 ,_, the_AT first_MD cosmonaut_NN1 ,_, received_VVD a_AT1 hero_NN1 's_VBZ welcome_JJ in_II Trafalgar_NP Square_NNL1 and_CC he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ amazed_JJ by_II the_AT size_NN1 of_IO the_AT enthusiastic_JJ English_JJ crowd_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 turned_VVD to_II British_JJ Prime_JJ Minister_NN1 Harold_NP1 Macmillan_NP1 and_CC expressed_VVD his_APPGE surprise_NN1 at_II the_AT turnout_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Macmillan_NP1 is_VBZ said_VVN to_TO have_VHI replied_VVN :_: ^_NULL *'_" Imagine_VV0 the_AT turnout_NN1 if_CS the_AT Soviet_JJ Government_NNJ had_VHD sent_VVN their_APPGE space_NN1 dog_NN1 here_RL ._. ^ **'_" *<_NULL *4_NULL 17_MC Minister_NN1 of_IO Tourism_NN1 and_CC Publicity_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT portfolios_NN2 of_IO Tourism_NN1 and_CC Publicity_NN1 held_VVD no_AT fear_NN1 for_IF me_PPIO1 because_CS at_II every_AT1 opportunity_NN1 I_PPIS1 'd_VHD studied_VVN everything_PN1 I_PPIS1 could_VM on_II the_AT subjects_NN2 and_CC had_VHD ,_, in_RR21 particular_RR22 ,_, been_VBN impressed_VVN by_II the_AT work_NN1 of_IO Professor_NNB Henshaw_NP1 at_II the_AT University_NN1 of_IO Auckland_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL New_NP Zealand_NP1 has_VHZ a_AT1 fine_JJ product_NN1 to_TO sell_VVI ;_; all_DB we_PPIS2 needed_VVD were_VBDR better_JJR salesmanship_NN1 ,_, ministerial_JJ drive_NN1 and_CC encouragement_NN1 to_TO investors_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT industry_NN1 was_VBDZ ready_JJ to_TO take_VVI off_RP ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL From_II the_AT time_NNT1 of_IO my_APPGE first_MD meeting_NN1 with_IW Tourist_NN1 and_CC Publicity_NN1 head_NN1 ,_, Neil_NP1 Plimmer_NP1 ,_, it_PPH1 was_VBDZ obvious_JJ to_II me_PPIO1 that_CST he_PPHS1 and_CC his_APPGE departmental_JJ staff_NN were_VBDR enthusiastic_JJ but_CCB conditioned_VVD to_II inaction_NN1 and_CC previous_JJ Cabinet_NNJ defeats_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Treasury_NN1 ,_, and_CC Prime_JJ Minister_NN1 Muldoon_NP1 ,_, had_VHD taken_VVN the_AT view_NN1 that_CST if_CS anything_PN1 was_VBDZ to_TO happen_VVI with_IW tourism_NN1 it_PPH1 would_VM be_VBI because_CS the_AT private_JJ sector_NN1 wanted_VVD it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 strange_JJ reversal_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE attitudes_NN2 to_TO Think_VV0 Big_JJ ,_, where_CS they_PPHS2 had_VHD spent_VVN billions_NNO2 on_II projects_NN2 that_CST the_AT private_JJ sector_NN1 would_VM n't_XX touch_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT previous_JJ Government_NNJ apparently_RR forgot_VVD that_CST every_AT1 8.5_MC overseas_JJ visitors_NN2 to_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 create_VV0 one_MC1 more_DAR job_NN1 and_CC the_AT tourist_NN1 dollar_NNU1 runs_NN2 through_II the_AT economy_NN1 quicker_RRR than_CSN any_DD other_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Roger_NP1 Douglas_NP1 was_VBDZ already_RR impressed_VVN by_II the_AT potential_NN1 of_IO tourism_NN1 and_CC had_VHD devoted_VVN a_AT1 chapter_NN1 in_II his_APPGE book_NN1 to_II the_AT visitor_NN1 industry_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 copy_NN1 of_IO which_DDQ I_PPIS1 attached_VVD to_II my_APPGE first_MD Budget_NN1 submission_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL That_DD1 Budget_NN1 saw_VVD us_PPIO2 double_VVI the_AT money_NN1 put_VVD aside_RL for_IF marketing_NN1 New_NP Zealand_NP1 abroad_RL ;_; we_PPIS2 then_RT extended_VVD support_NN1 for_IF hotel_NN1 construction_NN1 in_II Auckland_NP1 to_II other_JJ areas_NN2 where_RRQ accommodation_NN1 was_VBDZ short_JJ *-_- Queenstown_NP1 ,_, Christchurch_NP1 and_CC Wellington_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT incentives_NN2 worked_VVN ,_, and_CC two_MC years_NNT2 later_RRR we_PPIS2 extended_VVD the_AT grants_NN2 to_TO cover_VVI smaller_JJR hotels_NN2 all_RR over_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Now_RT every_AT1 major_JJ gateway_NN1 city_NN1 has_VHZ at_RR21 least_RR22 two_MC major_JJ hotels_NN2 of_IO international_JJ standard_NN1 either_RR built_VVN or_CC under_II construction_NN1 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 208+TEXT+G21_FO **]_NULL ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL Over_II the_AT years_NNT2 my_APPGE willingness_NN1 to_TO be_VBI interviewed_VVN by_II journalists_NN2 cost_VVD me_PPIO1 more_RRR than_CSN I_PPIS1 gained_VVD and_CC I_PPIS1 disliked_VVD trying_VVG to_TO defend_VVI myself_PPX1 from_II attacks_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Yet_RR I_PPIS1 felt_VVD it_PPH1 important_JJ ,_, for_IF my_APPGE sake_NN1 and_CC the_AT sake_NN1 of_IO other_JJ younger_JJR professionals_NN2 starting_VVG out_RP ,_, that_CST a_AT1 professional_NN1 's_VBZ point_NN1 of_IO view_NN1 be_VBI heard_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Right_RR from_II the_AT beginning_NN1 of_IO my_APPGE cricket_NN1 career_NN1 I_PPIS1 decided_VVD to_TO be_VBI straight_RR with_IW journalists_NN2 and_CC other_JJ media_NN people_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 refused_VVD to_TO hedge_VVI or_CC be_VBI calculated_VVN and_CC did_VDD n't_XX try_VVI to_TO use_VVI the_AT media_NN to_II my_APPGE advantage_NN1 by_II saying_VVG the_AT sorts_NN2 of_IO things_NN2 that_CST they_PPHS2 ,_, and_CC the_AT public_NN ,_, most_DAT liked_VVN to_TO hear_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL Some_DD have_VH0 said_VVN this_DD1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 naive_JJ approach_NN1 ;_; I_PPIS1 prefer_VV0 to_TO call_VVI it_PPH1 an_AT1 honest_JJ one_PN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL During_II my_APPGE career_NN1 some_DD New_NP Zealand_NP1 journalists_NN2 spent_VVD a_AT1 lot_NN of_IO time_NNT1 and_CC space_NN1 ticking_VVG me_PPIO1 off_RP and_CC denigrating_VVG me_PPIO1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Many_DA2 people_NN think_VV0 that_CST I_PPIS1 copped_VVD more_RRR than_CSN my_APPGE share_NN1 of_IO flak_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Dick_NP1 Brittenden_NP1 ,_, the_AT journalist_NN1 ,_, once_RR wrote_VVD that_CST I_PPIS1 did_VDD n't_XX suffer_VVI fools_NN2 gladly_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT implication_NN1 *-_- one_PN1 that_CST has_VHZ often_RR been_VBN made_VVN *-_- was_VBDZ that_CST I_PPIS1 tended_VVD to_TO be_VBI blunt_JJ ,_, terse_JJ ,_, and_CC was_VBDZ apt_JJ to_TO give_VVI people_NN short_JJ shrift_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ a_AT1 feeling_NN1 that_CST I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ formidable_JJ ,_, someone_PN1 to_TO be_VBI feared_VVN or_CC wary_JJ of_IO ._. ^ ^_NULL My_APPGE feeling_NN1 is_VBZ that_CST for_IF too_RG long_RR I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ too_RG obliging_JJ ,_, too_RG readily_RR available_JJ ,_, and_CC that_CST I_PPIS1 gave_VVD some_DD fools_NN2 too_RG much_DA1 of_IO my_APPGE time_NNT1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL By_RR31 and_RR32 large_RR33 my_APPGE policy_NN1 with_IW the_AT media_NN was_VBDZ to_TO say_VVI what_DDQ I_PPIS1 thought_VVD ,_, even_CS21 though_CS22 I_PPIS1 knew_VVD it_PPH1 would_VM n't_XX always_RR go_VVI down_RP well_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 did_VDD n't_XX have_VHI the_AT time_NNT1 or_CC the_AT inclination_NN1 to_TO play_VVI political_JJ games_NN2 and_CC did_VDD n't_XX see_VVI that_CST as_II a_AT1 player_NN1 I_PPIS1 should_VM be_VBI expected_VVN to_TO ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 puzzled_VVD me_PPIO1 that_CST some_DD people_NN should_VM find_VVI facts_NN2 ,_, or_CC the_AT opinions_NN2 of_IO one_MC1 player_NN1 ,_, so_RG difficult_JJ to_TO take_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL If_CS you_PPY tinker_NN1 with_IW facts_NN2 ,_, tailor_VV0 them_PPHO2 or_CC slant_VV0 them_PPHO2 to_TO improve_VVI your_APPGE standing_NN1 or_CC position_NN1 ,_, you_PPY 're_VBR soon_RR unable_JJ to_TO distinguish_VVI fact_NN1 from_II fiction_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL That_DD1 's_VBZ hard_JJ at_II the_AT best_JJT of_IO times_NNT2 ._. ^ ^_NULL My_APPGE views_NN2 were_VBDR sometimes_RT seen_VVN to_TO be_VBI radical_JJ and_CC as_CSA such_DA were_VBDR frowned_VVN upon_II ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB throughout_II all_DB the_AT controversy_NN1 I_PPIS1 tried_VVD to_TO protect_VVI my_APPGE self-esteem_NN1 and_CC retain_VVI my_APPGE integrity_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 've_VH0 never_RR been_VBN sufficiently_RR attracted_VVN to_II most_DAT cricket_NN1 journalism_NN1 to_II regularly_RR read_VVD the_AT reports_NN2 and_CC the_AT comment_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II England_NP1 many_DA2 cricket_NN1 correspondents_NN2 seem_VV0 to_TO use_VVI words_NN2 well_RR *-_- although_CS I_PPIS1 'm_VBM no_AT authority_NN1 on_II that_DD1 *-_- but_CCB they_PPHS2 often_RR seem_VV0 to_TO have_VHI been_VBN looking_VVG at_II a_AT1 different_JJ game_NN1 from_II the_AT players_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 detected_VVD that_CST some_DD showed_VVD a_AT1 tendency_NN1 to_TO be_VBI more_RGR interested_JJ in_II words_NN2 than_CSN in_II cricket_NN1 ,_, and_CC on_II occasion_NN1 who_PNQS would_VM blame_VVI them_PPHO2 ._. ^ ^_NULL However_RR ,_, some_DD were_VBDR prone_JJ to_TO exaggerate_VVI or_CC overstate_NN1 ,_, to_TO glamourise_VVI or_CC inflate_NN1 events_NN2 to_II the_AT point_NN1 where_RRQ they_PPHS2 were_VBDR no_RR21 longer_RR22 credible_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 suppose_VV0 such_DA imaginative_JJ reporting_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 good_JJ way_NN1 of_IO entertaining_JJ people_NN who_PNQS ca_VM n't_XX be_VBI there_RL to_TO provide_VVI their_APPGE own_DA versions_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II my_APPGE case_NN1 ,_, more_RGR often_RR than_CSN not_XX ,_, I_PPIS1 confined_VVD myself_PPX1 to_II looking_VVG over_II the_AT scores_NN2 and_CC gave_VVD match_NN1 reports_VVZ a_AT1 miss_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 the_AT people_NN who_PNQS reported_VVD and_CC commented_VVD on_II cricket_NN1 tended_VVD to_TO take_VVI the_AT administration_NN 's_GE line_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 's_VBZ always_RR safer_JJR to_TO attack_VVI individuals_NN2 rather_CS21 than_CS22 risk_VVI offending_VVG one_PN1 's_GE sources_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II a_AT1 recent_JJ letter_NN1 to_II my_APPGE brother_NN1 Brian_NP1 ,_, Ian_NP1 Walter_NP1 ,_, the_AT producer_NN1 of_IO {_NULL TVNZ_NP }_NULL '_" s_ZZ1 outside_II cricket_NN1 coverage_NN1 ,_, had_VHD this_DD1 to_TO say_VVI :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Apparently_RR Ian_NP1 was_VBDZ intrigued_VVN by_II **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL My_APPGE producer_NN1 ,_, unwittingly_RR I_PPIS1 'm_VBM sure_JJ ,_, has_VHZ chosen_VVN to_TO present_VVI a_AT1 distorted_JJ picture_NN1 in_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO make_VVI for_IF a_AT1 more_RGR amusing_JJ story_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL What_DDQ he_PPHS1 fails_VVZ to_TO mention_VVI is_VBZ that_CST ,_, at_II that_DD1 hour_NNT1 of_IO the_AT day_NNT1 *-_- between_II 12_MC noon_NNT1 and_CC 1_MC1 {_NULL pm_RA }_NULL *-_- we_PPIS2 were_VBDR generally_RR recording_VVG play_NN1 and_CC not_XX broadcasting_VVG live_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Therefore_RR a_AT1 full_JJ commentary_NN1 was_VBDZ n't_XX required_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 say_VV0 this_DD1 just_RR to_TO protect_VVI myself_PPX1 from_II any_DD allegations_NN2 of_IO total_JJ disdain_NN1 for_IF the_AT cricket_NN1 !_! ^ ^_NULL And_CC as_II21 for_II22 an_AT1 addiction_NN1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL Not_XX really_RR ,_, but_CCB certainly_RR a_AT1 fascination_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL One_MC1 of_IO the_AT benefits_NN2 of_IO living_VVG in_II a_ZZ1 place_VV0 the_AT size_NN1 of_IO Dunedin_NP1 is_VBZ that_CST one_PN1 can_VM go_VVI home_RL for_IF lunch_NN1 ,_, and_CC I_PPIS1 usually_RR watched_VVD *'_" The_AT Old_JJ and_CC the_AT Listless_JJ **'_" while_CS eating_VVG ._. ^ ^_NULL Curiously_RR enough_RR many_DA2 people_NN enjoyed_VVD hearing_VVG that_CST I_PPIS1 watch_VV0 the_AT programme_NN1 ;_; perhaps_RR because_CS they_PPHS2 saw_VVD it_PPH1 as_II a_AT1 chink_NN1 in_II my_APPGE allegedly_RR tough_JJ exterior_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 's_VBZ not_XX easy_JJ to_TO decide_VVI whether_CSW people_NN are_VBR affronted_VVN by_II what_DDQ you_PPY say_VV0 ,_, or_CC because_CS you_PPY 've_VH0 dared_VVN to_TO say_VVI it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ exasperated_VVN to_TO find_VVI my_APPGE views_NN2 so_RG often_RR rejected_VVD in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Journalists_NN2 obviously_RR thought_VVD I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ good_JJ copy_NN1 and_CC I_PPIS1 could_VM understand_VVI that_DD1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB where_CS it_PPH1 did_VDD annoy_VVI me_PPIO1 was_VBDZ when_RRQ they_PPHS2 moralised_VVD ,_, disparaged_VVD and_CC censured_VVD me_PPIO1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 do_VD0 n't_XX understand_VVI why_RRQ sports_NN2 reporters_NN2 in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 ,_, and_CC in_II many_DA2 of_IO the_AT sensation-seeking_JJ papers_NN2 elsewhere_RL ,_, feel_VV0 the_AT need_NN1 to_TO do_VDI so_RG much_DA1 moralising_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Some_DD journalists_NN2 ,_, especially_RR in_II Wellington_NP1 ,_, seemed_VVD prepared_VVN to_TO rely_VVI on_II hearsay_NN1 or_CC gossip_NN1 and_CC I_PPIS1 felt_VVD some_DD of_IO their_APPGE sources_NN2 were_VBDR biased_JJ and_CC malicious_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Certain_JJ journalists_NN2 suffer_VV0 from_II a_AT1 delusion_NN1 that_CST their_APPGE opinions_NN2 are_VBR facts_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL For_IF a_AT1 time_NNT1 in_II the_AT seventies_MC2 I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ unsettled_VVN and_CC perplexed_VVN by_II the_AT tone_NN1 and_CC extent_NN1 of_IO the_AT criticism_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL However_RR ,_, I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ n't_XX pre-occupied_JJ worrying_JJ about_II what_DDQ others_NN2 were_VBDR saying_VVG or_CC thinking_VVG ,_, nor_CC was_VBDZ I_PPIS1 totally_RR dominated_VVN or_CC distracted_VVD by_II the_AT flak_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB all_DB this_DD1 attention_NN1 did_VDD have_VHI undesirable_JJ effects_NN2 that_CST I_PPIS1 could_VM have_VHI done_VDN without_RL ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 administration_NN and_CC the_AT press_NN *-_- television_NN1 journalists_NN2 were_VBDR n't_XX nearly_RR so_RG hostile_JJ *-_- solved_VVD the_AT Turner_NP1 problem_NN1 by_II accusing_VVG me_PPIO1 of_IO being_VBG both_RR greedy_JJ and_CC disloyal_JJ ,_, of_IO being_VBG selfish_JJ and_CC only_RR interested_JJ in_II money_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT irony_NN1 for_IF me_PPIO1 was_VBDZ that_DD1 ,_, at_II the_AT time_NNT1 ,_, I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ fully_RR extending_VVG myself_PPX1 mentally_RR and_CC physically_RR trying_VVG to_TO bolster_VVI and_CC build_VVI better_RRR provincial_JJ and_CC international_JJ sides_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 did_VDD n't_XX disguise_VVI the_AT fact_NN1 that_CST I_PPIS1 expected_VVD to_TO be_VBI paid_VVN ,_, but_CCB the_AT impression_NN1 conveyed_VVD through_II the_AT papers_NN2 was_VBDZ that_CST my_APPGE requests_NN2 were_VBDR unreasonable_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL How_RRQ did_VDD they_PPHS2 know_VVI ?_? ^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT end_NN1 I_PPIS1 accepted_VVD that_CST in_II most_DAT cases_NN2 ,_, whenever_RRQV I_PPIS1 suggested_VVD or_CC requested_VVD something_PN1 from_II administration_NN ,_, the_AT answer_NN1 would_VM be_VBI No_UH ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL At_II one_MC1 point_NN1 I_PPIS1 suggested_VVD to_II journalists_NN2 that_CST since_CS I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 professional_JJ ,_, and_CC they_PPHS2 were_VBDR coming_VVG to_II me_PPIO1 for_IF expert_NN1 comment_NN1 ,_, they_PPHS2 should_VM pay_VVI me_PPIO1 a_AT1 fee_NN1 for_IF the_AT service_NN1 I_PPIS1 provided_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II England_NP1 the_AT media_NN accepted_VVD that_CST if_CS they_PPHS2 wished_VVD to_TO use_VVI professional_JJ people_NN they_PPHS2 should_VM pay_VVI them_PPHO2 ,_, and_CC professional_JJ sportsmen_NN2 were_VBDR paid_VVN for_IF interviews_NN2 the_AT same_DA as_CSA anyone_PN1 else_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 ,_, {_NULL TVNZ_NP }_NULL ,_, for_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, paid_VVD political_JJ scientists_NN2 and_CC economists_NN2 for_IF informed_JJ comment_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT journalists_NN2 were_VBDR paid_VVN for_IF interviews_NN2 ,_, but_CCB they_PPHS2 got_VVD very_RG uptight_JJ when_CS I_PPIS1 suggested_VVD they_PPHS2 ought_VMK to_TO pay_VVI me_PPIO1 for_IF my_APPGE time_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 often_RR found_VVD it_PPH1 tiresome_JJ dealing_NN1 with_IW people_NN who_PNQS persisted_VVD in_II telling_VVG you_PPY that_CST they_PPHS2 had_VHD only_RR the_AT game_NN1 's_VBZ interest_NN1 at_II heart_NN1 ,_, and_CC that_CST you_PPY had_VHD to_TO be_VBI brought_VVN into_II line_NN1 or_CC else_RR you_PPY 'd_VM do_VDI irreparable_JJ harm_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT controversy_NN1 surrounding_VVG me_PPIO1 in_II 1977_MC was_VBDZ very_RG bad_JJ for_IF the_AT morale_NN1 of_IO the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 team_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL My_APPGE feeling_NN1 was_VBDZ that_DD1 to_TO pull_VVI out_RP there_RL and_CC then_RT would_VM have_VHI done_VDN even_RR more_RRR damage_VV0 to_II the_AT side_NN1 's_VHZ chances_NN2 of_IO doing_VDG well_RR in_II the_AT tests_NN2 against_II Australia_NP1 ,_, but_CCB because_CS I_PPIS1 'd_VHD been_VBN put_VVN in_II an_AT1 intolerable_JJ position_NN1 I_PPIS1 played_VVD poorly_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ n't_XX able_JK to_TO shake_VVI off_II the_AT evidence_NN1 of_IO bitter_JJ ill-will_NN1 in_II certain_JJ cricketing_JJ circles_NN2 ,_, and_CC I_PPIS1 felt_VVD unhappy_JJ at_II my_APPGE inability_NN1 to_TO do_VDI so_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL Contrary_II21 to_II22 myth_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 've_VH0 always_RR had_VHN to_TO work_VVI hard_RR on_II becoming_VVG mentally_RR tough_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ not_XX natural_JJ to_II me_PPIO1 ._. ^ ^_NULL That_DD1 some_DD of_IO my_APPGE detractors_NN2 got_VVD pleasure_NN1 out_II21 of_II22 seeing_VVG me_PPIO1 have_VHI a_AT1 poor_JJ run_NN1 rather_RR puts_VVZ the_AT sincerity_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE interest_NN1 in_II the_AT good_JJ of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 cricket_NN1 in_II telling_VVG perspective_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Vernon_NP1 Wright_NP1 said_VVD I_PPIS1 appeared_VVD to_TO be_VBI *'_" baffling_JJ ,_, pig-headed_JJ and_CC mercenary_NN1 **'_" ,_, but_CCB then_RT went_VVD on_RP to_TO say_VVI that_DD1 *'_" to_TO imply_VVI that_CST [_( I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ ]_) a_AT1 money-grabber_NN1 is_VBZ absurd_JJ **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 said_VVD that_CST I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ arguing_VVG *'_" for_IF better_JJR conditions_NN2 for_IF players_NN2 ,_, more_DAR respect_NN1 for_IF them_PPHO2 from_II the_AT council_NNJ **'_" ,_, for_IF a_AT1 *'_" doing_VDG away_RL with_IW the_AT teacher/_FO pupil_NN1 relationship_NN1 **'_" and_CC advocating_VVG *'_" work_NN1 as_II a_AT1 unit_NN1 at_II all_DB levels_NN2 **'_" and_CC *'_" more_RRR say_VV0 for_IF players_NN2 in_II all_DB things_NN2 **'_" ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Chairman_NN1 of_IO the_AT {_NULL N.Z.C.C._NP }_NULL Board_NNJ was_VBDZ quoted_VVN as_CSA saying_VVG he_PPHS1 *'_" would_VM expect_VVI our_APPGE chaps_NN2 to_TO go_VVI out_RP there_RL and_CC die_VVI **'_" *-_- metaphorically_RR *-_- and_CC that_CST ^_NULL *'_" Our_APPGE [_( the_AT {_NULL N.Z._NP }_NULL ]_) approach_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN one_MC1 of_IO unity_NN1 ,_, of_IO playing_VVG for_IF the_AT fun_NN1 of_IO the_AT game_NN1 **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL Talk_NN1 about_II taking_VVG a_AT1 rosy_JJ view_NN1 of_IO history_NN1 !_! ^ ^_NULL Given_VVN my_APPGE position_NN1 many_DA2 people_NN assumed_VVD the_AT Chairman_NN1 was_VBDZ implying_VVG that_CST I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ n't_XX too_RG concerned_JJ about_II either_DD1 of_IO these_DD2 things_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 considered_VVD his_APPGE suggestions_NN2 ,_, if_CS directed_VVN at_II me_PPIO1 ,_, to_TO be_VBI ridiculous_JJ and_CC untrue_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Don_NP1 Neely_NP1 ,_, a_ZZ1 former_DA Wellington_NN1 captain_NN1 ,_, and_CC subsequently_RR in_II the_AT eighties_MC2 a_ZZ1 New_NP Zealand_NP1 selector_NN1 ,_, offered_VVD a_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO slurs_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 claimed_VVD that_CST I_PPIS1 would_VM n't_XX know_VVI ,_, from_II one_MC1 day_NNT1 to_II the_AT next_MD ,_, whom_PNQO I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ playing_VVG for_IF ,_, nor_CC did_VDD I_PPIS1 care_VVI ,_, and_CC since_CS I_PPIS1 did_VDD n't_XX care_VVI how_RRQ could_VM the_AT other_JJ players_NN2 be_VBI expected_VVN to_TO care_VVI ?_? ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 found_VVD it_PPH1 hard_RR to_TO understand_VVI how_RRQ someone_PN1 of_IO Neely_NP1 's_GE background_NN1 in_II the_AT game_NN1 could_VM make_VVI such_DA remarks_NN2 ,_, believe_VV0 such_DA absurdities_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ true_JJ to_TO say_VVI that_CST I_PPIS1 never_RR made_VVN any_DD great_JJ *1_NULL show_NN1 *0_NULL of_IO being_VBG excited_VVN about_II playing_VVG for_IF New_NP Zealand_NP1 ,_, but_CCB it_PPH1 was_VBDZ always_RR very_RG important_JJ to_II me_PPIO1 that_CST I_PPIS1 perform_VV0 well_RR for_CS whichever_DDQV team_NN I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ playing_VVG ._. ^ ^_NULL Like_II others_NN2 I_PPIS1 had_VHD my_APPGE fallible_JJ moments_NN2 ,_, my_APPGE indiscretions_NN2 ,_, but_CCB my_APPGE concern_NN1 was_VBDZ not_XX just_RR for_IF the_AT future_NN1 of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 cricket_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 was_VBDZ for_IF cricket_NN1 overall_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL One_MC1 of_IO the_AT things_NN2 implicit_JJ in_II Neely_NP1 's_GE attack_NN1 on_II me_PPIO1 was_VBDZ that_CST I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ aloof_JJ ,_, something_PN1 of_IO a_AT1 one-man_JJ band_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Not_XX true_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II any_DD match_NN1 ,_, situations_NN2 arise_VV0 where_RRQ a_AT1 captain_NN1 has_VHZ a_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO alternatives_NN2 open_VV0 to_II him_PPHO1 *-_- bowling_VVG changes_NN2 ,_, varied_JJ field_NN1 placements_NN2 ,_, whether_CSW to_TO attack_VVI or_CC defend_NN1 ,_, and_RR31 so_RR32 on_RR33 ._. ^ ^_NULL Because_II21 of_II22 these_DD2 alternatives_NN2 I_PPIS1 felt_VVD it_PPH1 was_VBDZ important_JJ to_TO ask_VVI for_IF other_JJ views_NN2 ,_, and_CC I_PPIS1 often_RR discussed_VVN tactics_NN2 with_IW two_MC or_CC three_MC of_IO my_APPGE team-mates_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 was_VBDZ my_APPGE policy_NN1 as_II captain_NN1 of_IO provincial_JJ ,_, county_NN1 and_CC national_JJ sides_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL After_II discussion_NN1 I_PPIS1 made_VVD a_AT1 decision_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL So_RR my_APPGE method_NN1 of_IO captaining_VVG sides_NN2 was_VBDZ to_TO involve_VVI the_AT other_JJ players_NN2 as_RG much_DA1 as_CSA possible_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II this_DD1 respect_NN1 I_PPIS1 differed_VVD from_II many_DA2 captains_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 approach_NN1 was_VBDZ in_II sharp_JJ contrast_NN1 to_II that_DD1 of_IO my_APPGE predecessor_NN1 ,_, Bevan_NP1 Congdon_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 sometimes_RT told_VVD me_PPIO1 ,_, not_XX asked_VVN me_PPIO1 ,_, as_CSA his_APPGE vice-captain_NN1 ,_, what_DDQ he_PPHS1 intended_VVD doing_VDG ._. ^ ^_NULL Meanwhile_RR other_JJ players_NN2 in_II the_AT side_NN1 were_VBDR chipping_VVG away_RP at_II me_PPIO1 ,_, querying_VVG what_DDQ was_VBDZ going_VVG on_RP and_CC asking_VVG me_PPIO1 to_TO tell_VVI Bevan_NP1 to_TO adopt_VVI different_JJ tactics_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT course_NN1 of_IO a_ZZ1 two_MC hour_NNT1 session_NNT1 it_PPH1 was_VBDZ common_JJ for_IF me_PPIO1 to_TO receive_VVI a_AT1 dozen_NNO suggestions_NN2 (_( or_CC pleas_NN2 )_) from_II players_NN2 who_PNQS wanted_VVD me_PPIO1 to_TO put_VVI their_APPGE requests_NN2 to_II Bevan_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ no_AT way_NN1 I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ going_VVGK to_TO bother_VVI him_PPHO1 with_IW such_DA a_AT1 welter_NN1 of_IO *'_" advice_NN1 **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 listened_VVD to_II what_DDQ was_VBDZ said_VVN ,_, sifted_VVD the_AT ideas_NN2 and_CC ,_, sometimes_RT ,_, put_VVD one_MC1 suggestion_NN1 to_II him_PPHO1 in_II a_AT1 session_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ no_AT point_NN1 in_II trying_VVG to_TO do_VDI more_RRR ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 played_VVD under_II Bevan_NP1 's_GE captaincy_NN1 for_IF about_RG three_MC seasons_NNT2 from_II the_AT time_NNT1 he_PPHS1 took_VVD over_RP from_II Graham_NP1 Dowling_NP1 when_RRQ Dowls_NP1 had_VHD to_TO return_VVI home_RL early_RR from_II the_AT 1972_MC tour_NN1 of_IO the_AT West_NP Indies_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB it_PPH1 could_VM easily_RR have_VHI been_VBN the_AT other_JJ way_NN1 round_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL John_NP1 Heslop_NP1 recently_RR said_VVD that_CST before_CS the_AT tour_NN1 he_PPHS1 approached_VVD other_JJ members_NN2 of_IO the_AT Board_NNJ and_CC did_VDD a_AT1 lot_NN of_IO lobbying_VVG on_II my_APPGE behalf_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL John_NP1 felt_VVD that_CST I_PPIS1 ought_VMK to_TO be_VBI appointed_VVN Dowls_NP1 's_GE vice-captain_NN1 ,_, and_CC says_VVZ that_CST this_DD1 was_VBDZ the_AT selectors_NN2 '_GE recommendation_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Immediately_RR prior_II21 to_II22 the_AT announcement_NN1 of_IO the_AT team_NN he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ confident_JJ that_CST the_AT majority_NN of_IO the_AT members_NN2 of_IO the_AT Board_NNJ agreed_VVD with_IW him_PPHO1 ._. ^ ^_NULL John_NP1 was_VBDZ in_II Auckland_NP1 staying_VVG with_IW another_DD1 Board_NNJ member_NN1 when_RRQ he_PPHS1 received_VVD a_AT1 phone_NN1 call_NN1 from_II the_AT secretary_NN1 in_II Christchurch_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT secretary_NN1 said_VVD it_PPH1 had_VHD been_VBN decided_VVN to_TO hold_VVI a_AT1 phone_NN1 poll_NN1 on_II the_AT choice_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 vice-captain_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Soon_RR after_CS it_PPH1 was_VBDZ announced_VVN that_CST Congdon_NP1 had_VHD got_VVN the_AT nod_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Heslop_NP1 was_VBDZ surprised_JJ at_II what_DDQ he_PPHS1 saw_VVD as_II an_AT1 unexpected_JJ last-minute_JJ turnaround_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ an_AT1 irony_NN1 in_II Congdon_NP1 's_GE appointment_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL What_DDQ the_AT Board_NNJ got_VVD was_VBDZ the_AT kind_NN1 of_IO thing_NN1 they_PPHS2 feared_VVD they_PPHS2 'd_VM get_VVI from_II a_AT1 professional_JJ captain_NN1 ,_, someone_PN1 who_PNQS was_VBDZ slightly_RR remote_JJ and_CC introverted_VVD ,_, who_PNQS was_VBDZ n't_XX adept_JJ at_II cultivating_VVG team_NN spirit_NN1 ,_, someone_PN1 who_PNQS was_VBDZ uncompromising_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL These_DD2 traits_NN2 ,_, along_II21 with_II22 his_APPGE powers_NN2 of_IO self-motivation_NN1 ,_, enabled_VVD Bevan_NP1 to_TO make_VVI the_AT very_RG best_JJT of_IO his_APPGE abilities_NN2 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 209+TEXT+G22_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Until_CS I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ 10_MC years_NNT2 old_JJ I_PPIS1 knew_VVD very_RG little_DA1 about_II our_APPGE grandparents_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT bad_JJ roads_NN2 and_CC lack_NN1 of_IO regular_JJ transport_NN1 successfully_RR isolated_JJ us_PPIO2 from_II *1_NULL their_APPGE *0_NULL critical_JJ presence_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT *"_" grandparents_NN2 **"_" in_II our_APPGE lives_NN2 ,_, up_II21 to_II22 the_AT time_NNT1 we_PPIS2 moved_VVD to_II Paeroa_NP1 in_II 1930_MC ,_, were_VBDR Granny_NN1 and_CC Grandpa_NNB Sharples_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS lived_VVD in_II a_AT1 sturdy_JJ white_JJ house_NN1 on_II a_AT1 knoll_NN1 across_II the_AT road_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 were_VBDR elderly_JJ and_CC past_JJ real_JJ farming_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Grandpa_NN1 had_VHD been_VBN a_AT1 carpenter_NN1 in_II England_NP1 and_CC at_II one_MC1 period_NN1 made_VVD coffins_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ Granny_NN1 lined_VVD with_IW white_JJ satin_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL What_DDQ aspirations_NN2 made_VVD them_PPHO2 buy_VVI this_DD1 run-down_JJ property_NN1 on_II the_AT road_NN1 to_II Torehape_NP1 and_CC adopt_VV0 a_AT1 life-style_JJ unsuited_JJ to_II their_APPGE age_NN1 and_CC health_NN1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 do_VD0 n't_XX know_VVI ,_, and_CC there_EX is_VBZ no_PN121 one_PN122 alive_JJ today_RT that_CST I_PPIS1 can_VM ask_VVI ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ no_AT occasion_NN1 for_IF Grandpa_NN1 to_TO make_VVI coffins_NN2 in_II Kaihere_NP1 but_CCB he_PPHS1 did_VDD spend_VVI happy_JJ productive_JJ hours_NNT2 in_II a_AT1 picturesque_JJ cowshed-cum-workshop_NN1 which_DDQ stood_VVD in_II a_AT1 nice_JJ flat_JJ paddock_NN1 ,_, away_II21 from_II22 the_AT house_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT building_NN1 was_VBDZ old_JJ like_II Grandpa_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT roof_NN1 was_VBDZ under_RG constant_JJ threat_NN1 from_II the_AT sheer_JJ weight_NN1 of_IO vines_NN2 that_CST covered_VVD it_PPH1 like_II thatch_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL We_PPIS2 children_NN2 liked_VVD to_TO visit_VVI Grandpa_NN1 in_II his_APPGE workshop_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL After_CS the_AT sunshine_NN1 our_APPGE eyes_NN2 had_VHD to_TO adjust_VVI to_II the_AT gloom_NN1 of_IO the_AT interior_NN1 ,_, for_CS there_EX was_VBDZ only_RR one_MC1 window_NN1 and_CC that_DD1 was_VBDZ framed_VVN with_IW dog-roses_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL With_IW our_APPGE feet_NN2 ankle-deep_JJ in_II wood_NN1 shavings_NN2 ,_, dry_JJ as_II autumn_NNT1 leaves_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 pressed_VVD close_RR to_II his_APPGE body_NN1 watching_VVG him_PPHO1 make_VV0 a_AT1 milking_NN1 stool_NN1 ,_, repair_VV0 a_AT1 chair_NN1 leg_NN1 ,_, or_CC make_VV0 Grandma_NN1 a_AT1 new_JJ sewing_NN1 box_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Our_APPGE greatest_JJT pleasure_NN1 was_VBDZ to_TO see_VVI his_APPGE skilful_JJ use_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 plane_NN1 in_II reducing_VVG the_AT wood_NN1 by_II wafer-thin_JJ layers_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT handles_NN2 of_IO his_APPGE tools_NN2 had_VHD a_AT1 dark_JJ mahogany_NN1 shine_NN1 through_II decades_NNT2 of_IO use_NN1 ,_, but_CCB the_AT blades_NN2 and_CC hammerheads_NN2 were_VBDR as_RG clean_JJ as_CSA new_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Quite_RR the_AT opposite_NN1 of_IO Dad_NN1 's_VBZ ,_, which_DDQ got_VVD hidden_VVN in_II corners_NN2 of_IO the_AT barn_NN1 by_II sacks_NN2 of_IO superphosphate_NN1 and_CC chook_NN1 feed_NN1 and_CC left_VVD coated_VVN with_IW dirt_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ an_AT1 unrecognisable_JJ smell_NN1 in_II the_AT workshop_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 sort_NN1 of_IO pot-pourri_NN1 of_IO seasoned_JJ wood_NN1 ,_, saddlery_NN1 ,_, glue_NN1 ,_, home-made_JJ stains_NN2 and_CC polishes_NN2 and_CC ageless_JJ dust_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Grandpa_NN1 was_VBDZ happy_JJ and_CC industrious_JJ in_II his_APPGE workshop_NN1 and_CC more_RGR comfortable_JJ than_CSN when_RRQ out_RP working_VVG his_APPGE land_NN1 ,_, for_CS he_PPHS1 had_VHD arthritic_JJ hips_NN2 and_CC each_DD1 step_NN1 was_VBDZ painful_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Whenever_RRQV he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ in_II cooee_UH of_IO the_AT house_NN1 ,_, Grandma_NN1 was_VBDZ his_APPGE timepiece_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL On_II the_AT dot_NN1 of_IO 12_MC o'clock_RA she_PPHS1 would_VM go_VVI out_RP onto_II the_AT back_NN1 verandah_NN1 and_CC in_II a_AT1 voice_NN1 that_CST carried_VVD (_( for_CS we_PPIS2 could_VM hear_VVI her_PPHO1 from_II our_APPGE side_NN1 of_IO the_AT road_NN1 )_) would_VM call_VVI ,_, ^_NULL *"_" Father_NN1 ..._... ^ Father_NN1 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL (_( Our_APPGE mother_NN1 said_VVD \_NULL Mrs_NNB Sharples_NP1 always_RR addressed_VVD her_APPGE husband_NN1 as_II *"_" Father_NN1 **"_" ._. )_) ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 sign_NN1 for_IF him_PPHO1 to_TO leave_VVI his_APPGE workshop_NN1 ,_, or_CC whatever_DDQV he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ doing_VDG on_II the_AT farm_NN1 ,_, and_CC climb_VV0 the_AT knoll_NN1 for_IF dinner_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Granny_NN1 Sharples_NP1 was_VBDZ kind_JJ but_CCB formal_JJ ,_, and_CC we_PPIS2 children_NN2 did_VDD not_XX dare_VVI take_NN1 liberties_NN2 of_IO any_DD kind_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL When_CS we_PPIS2 called_VVD we_PPIS2 knocked_VVD politely_RR on_II the_AT back_NN1 door_NN1 and_CC waited_VVD for_IF her_PPHO1 to_TO open_VVI it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 were_VBDR then_RT invited_VVN into_II her_APPGE spotless_JJ kitchen_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Adjoining_VVG the_AT kitchen_NN1 was_VBDZ the_AT living_NN1 room_NN1 and_CC although_CS the_AT door_NN1 was_VBDZ usually_RR open_VV0 it_PPH1 was_VBDZ as_RG private_JJ as_CSA her_APPGE bedroom_NN1 *-_- a_AT1 place_NN1 we_PPIS2 dared_VVD not_XX enter_VVI unasked_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 could_VM just_RR get_VVI an_AT1 unsatisfactory_JJ peek_NN1 at_II its_APPGE comfortable_JJ furniture_NN1 and_CC the_AT blue_JJ jasperware_NN1 on_II the_AT sideboard_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ an_AT1 element_NN1 of_IO cupboard_NN1 love_NN1 in_II all_DB our_APPGE visits_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 went_VVD through_II the_AT motions_NN2 of_IO polite_JJ conversation_NN1 and_CC could_VM be_VBI temporarily_RR distracted_VVN when_RRQ Granny_NN1 lit_VVD the_AT primus_NN1 in_II summer_NNT1 for_IF *"_" Father_NN1 's_VBZ **"_" afternoon_NNT1 tea_NN1 ,_, but_CCB our_APPGE eyes_NN2 unashamedly_RR focused_VVD on_II two_MC glass_NN1 bottles_NN2 on_II the_AT pantry_NN1 shelf_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL One_PN1 was_VBDZ filled_VVN with_IW blackballs_NN2 ,_, the_AT other_JJ with_IW gingernuts_NN2 ,_, and_CC we_PPIS2 had_VHD the_AT agonising_JJ choice_NN1 of_IO either_RR one_MC1 or_CC the_AT other_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 usually_RR chose_VVD a_AT1 blackball_NN1 because_CS I_PPIS1 enjoyed_VVD rolling_VVG it_PPH1 around_RP in_II my_APPGE mouth_NN1 ,_, so_CS21 that_CS22 it_PPH1 discoloured_VVD my_APPGE tongue_NN1 ,_, and_CC timing_VVG how_RGQ long_RR it_PPH1 took_VVD for_IF the_AT last_MD paper_NN1 **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL -thin_JJ fragment_NN1 to_TO melt_VVI away_RL ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL With_IW one_MC1 exception_NN1 our_APPGE visits_NN2 to_II the_AT Sharples_NP1 were_VBDR mutually_RR congenial_JJ *-_- we_PPIS2 called_VVD ,_, we_PPIS2 exchanged_VVD pleasantries_NN2 ,_, were_VBDR rewarded_VVN for_IF our_APPGE politeness_NN1 ,_, then_RT trotted_VVD back_RP home_RL ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL But_CCB there_EX was_VBDZ that_CST one_MC1 exception_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL One_MC1 day_NNT1 ,_, because_CS there_EX was_VBDZ no_AT response_NN1 to_II our_APPGE knock_NN1 ,_, Margery_NP1 idly_RR tried_VVD the_AT wash-house_JJ door_NN1 and_CC disturbed_JJ Granny_NN1 soaping_VVG herself_PPX1 in_II the_AT tin_NN1 bath_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 stood_VVD transfixed_VVD by_II this_DD1 dramatic_JJ turn_NN1 of_IO events_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Even_CS21 though_CS22 the_AT room_NN1 was_VBDZ full_JJ of_IO steam_NN1 from_II water_NN1 boiling_VVG in_II the_AT copper_NN1 ,_, there_EX was_VBDZ no_AT mistaking_JJ Granny_NN1 's_VBZ small_JJ naked_JJ body_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL (_( We_PPIS2 girls_NN2 were_VBDR acquainted_VVN only_RR with_IW our_APPGE own_DA bodies_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 felt_VVD uncomfortable_JJ about_II sharing_VVG the_AT bath_NN1 and_CC were_VBDR to_TO hide_VVI our_APPGE first_MD signs_NN2 of_IO puberty_NN1 by_II dressing_VVG back_RP to_II back_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 could_VM thank_VVI our_APPGE mother_NN1 for_IF our_APPGE excessive_JJ modesty_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL By_II dressing_VVG underneath_II the_AT protection_NN1 of_IO her_APPGE nightgown_NN1 *-_- no_AT mean_JJ feat_NN1 *-_- she_PPHS1 had_VHD hidden_VVN her_APPGE body_NN1 from_II us_PPIO2 with_IW conspicuous_JJ success_NN1 ._. )_) ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT shock_NN1 that_CST all_DB participants_NN2 felt_VVD now_RT ,_, varied_VVD only_RR in_II degree_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Undoubtedly_NP1 Granny_NN1 felt_VVD horribly_RR vulnerable_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" You_PPY wicked_JJ girls_NN2 !_! **"_" she_PPHS1 shrieked_VVD ,_, quite_RG out_II21 of_II22 character_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *"_" Close_RR the_AT door_NN1 ._. **"_" ^ ^_NULL The_AT purpose_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE visit_NN1 forgotten_VVN ,_, we_PPIS2 flew_VVD headlong_RL down_II the_AT1 hill_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB Granny_NN1 's_VBZ voice_NN1 that_DD1 day_NNT1 carried_VVD further_RRR than_CSN the_AT echo_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE pounding_JJ feet_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" Father_NN1 ,_, Father_NN1 ,_, **"_" she_PPHS1 shrieked_VVD ,_, *"_" come_VVN home_RL ,_, come_VVN home_RL quick_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL Oh_UH ,_, those_DD2 awful_JJ Harris_NP1 girls_NN2 ...._... ^ **"_" ^_NULL For_IF our_APPGE sake_NN1 ,_, and_CC hers_PPGE too_RR ,_, we_PPIS2 let_VV0 a_AT1 decent_JJ period_NN1 elapse_NN1 before_CS we_PPIS2 appeared_VVD on_II their_APPGE doorstep_NN1 again_RT ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Now_CS21 that_CS22 I_PPIS1 am_VBM reviving_VVG memories_NN2 of_IO the_AT Sharples_NP1 ,_, I_PPIS1 realise_VV0 with_IW a_AT1 shock_NN1 that_CST I_PPIS1 can_VM not_XX describe_VVI their_APPGE appearance_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Except_CS21 that_CS22 Granny_NN1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 small_JJ neat_JJ woman_NN1 ;_; a_AT1 lady_NN1 ,_, in_II every_AT1 sense_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL How_RGQ old_JJ were_VBDR they_PPHS2 when_RRQ they_PPHS2 came_VVD to_II Kaihere_NP1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 small_JJ child_NN1 usually_RR sees_VVZ its_APPGE mother_NN1 as_RG being_VBG old_JJ and_CC as_CSA for_IF grandparents_NN2 ,_, well_RR ,_, they_PPHS2 are_VBR as_RG old_JJ as_CSA the_AT Bible_NN1 !_! ^ ^_NULL Was_VBDZ Granny_NN1 an_AT1 old_JJ 50_MC or_CC a_AT1 young_JJ 60_MC ?_? ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 do_VD0 not_XX know_VVI the_AT colour_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE hair_NN1 and_CC eyes_NN2 ;_; whether_CSW Grandpa_NN1 was_VBDZ tall_JJ and_CC slim_JJ (_( bent_VVN of_RR21 course_RR22 )_) as_CSA I_PPIS1 like_VV0 to_TO think_VVI ,_, or_CC whether_CSW he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ short_JJ and_CC thickset_JJ ,_, which_DDQ would_VM play_VVI havoc_NN1 with_IW my_APPGE idealised_JJ picture_NN1 of_IO him_PPHO1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 shall_VM never_RR know_VVI for_CS there_EX is_VBZ no_RR one_MC1 close_JJ to_II them_PPHO2 left_VVD to_TO ask_VVI ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Yet_RR there_EX was_VBDZ no_RR doubting_VVG our_APPGE family_NN 's_GE affection_NN1 for_IF them_PPHO2 ._. ^ ^_NULL As_CSA they_PPHS2 were_VBDR our_APPGE closest_JJT human_JJ contacts_NN2 we_PPIS2 were_VBDR continually_RR exposed_VVN to_II their_APPGE gentility_NN1 ,_, kindness_NN1 and_CC natural_JJ good_JJ manners_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Rough_JJ and_CC noisy_JJ country_NN1 children_NN2 that_CST we_PPIS2 were_VBDR ,_, we_PPIS2 did_VDD not_XX appreciate_VVI these_DD2 simple_JJ virtues_NN2 then_RT but_CCB certainly_RR we_PPIS2 did_VDD later_RRR ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Mother_NN1 's_GE youngest_JJT sister_NN1 ,_, Aunt_NNB Nell_NP1 Macdonald_NP1 ,_, told_VVD me_PPIO1 all_DB she_PPHS1 remembered_VVD of_IO them_PPHO2 before_CS she_PPHS1 died_VVD on_II her_APPGE eighty-third_MD birthday_NN1 in_II June_NPM1 1981_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 ,_, Aunt_NNB Nell_NP1 ,_, was_VBDZ the_AT *"_" nice_JJ Miss_NNB Buchanan_NP1 **"_" who_PNQS looked_VVD after_II \_NULL Mr_NNB Sharples_NP1 while_CS Granny_NN1 went_VVD to_II Auckland_NP1 for_IF three_MC months_NNT2 to_TO have_VHI an_AT1 operation_NN1 and_CC convalesce_VV0 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" I_PPIS1 will_VM not_XX go_VVI unless_CS Miss_NNB Buchanan_NP1 will_VM come_VVI and_CC look_VVI after_II Father_NN1 ,_, **"_" Granny_NN1 confided_VVD in_II our_APPGE mother_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL So_RR the_AT happy_JJ smiling_NN1 Miss_NNB Buchanan_NP1 entered_VVD the_AT sedate_JJ household_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ not_XX very_RG long_JJ before_CS she_PPHS1 was_VBDZ helping_VVG in_II the_AT cowshed_NN1 ,_, for_CS when_CS she_PPHS1 called_VVD at_II the_AT shed_JJ one_PN1 late_JJ afternoon_NNT1 with_IW the_AT milk_NN1 billy_NN1 she_PPHS1 was_VBDZ shocked_VVN to_TO see_VVI Grandpa_NN1 kneeling_VVG on_II the_AT concrete_JJ floor_NN1 holding_VVG the_AT bucket_NN1 with_IW his_APPGE knees_NN2 as_CSA he_PPHS1 could_VM not_XX sit_VVI on_II a_AT1 low_JJ stool_NN1 because_II21 of_II22 his_APPGE arthritic_JJ hips_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" That_DD1 'll_VM not_XX help_VVI your_APPGE arthritis_NN1 ,_, **"_" said_VVD the_AT forthright_JJ Miss_NNB Buchanan_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS fetched_VVD a_AT1 disused_JJ stool_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 second_MD bucket_NN1 ,_, urged_VVD one_MC1 of_IO Grandpa_NN1 's_VBZ dozen_NNO cows_NN2 into_II a_AT1 bail_NN1 and_CC began_VVD to_II milk_NN1 it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL For_IF the_AT next_MD three_MC months_NNT2 Nell_NP1 appeared_VVD at_II the_AT shed_NN1 for_IF both_RR daily_JJ milkings_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Miss_NNB Buchanan_NP1 's_GE housekeeping_NN1 was_VBDZ up_II21 to_II22 expectations_NN2 and_CC she_PPHS1 went_VVD a_AT1 second_MD time_NNT1 to_TO look_VVI after_II *"_" Father_NN1 **"_" (_( and_CC help_NN1 with_IW the_AT cows_NN2 )_) when_RRQ Granny_NN1 returned_VVN to_II Auckland_NP1 for_IF further_JJR treatment_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 was_VBDZ before_II her_APPGE marriage_NN1 to_II Eric_NP1 Macdonald_NP1 in_II 1929_MC ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Our_APPGE mother_NN1 was_VBDZ fortunate_JJ to_TO have_VHI Granny_NN1 across_II the_AT road_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Despite_II the_AT difference_NN1 in_II their_APPGE ages_NN2 ,_, they_PPHS2 were_VBDR good_JJ friends_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Granny_NN1 had_VHD no_AT reason_NN1 to_TO find_VVI fault_NN1 with_IW Mother_NN1 's_VHZ attitudes_NN2 ,_, for_IF it_PPH1 seemed_VVD to_II us_PPIO2 ,_, growing_VVG up_RP ,_, that_CST she_PPHS1 unreservedly_RR applied_JJ similar_JJ rigid_JJ standards_NN2 taught_VVD her_PPHO1 by_II her_APPGE own_DA mother_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Besides_RR ,_, both_DB2 women_NN2 had_VHD the_AT same_DA Christian_JJ principles_NN2 and_CC reserve_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL When_CS Granny_NN1 came_VVD to_TO visit_VVI ,_, she_PPHS1 would_VM knock_VVI on_II the_AT back_NN1 door_NN1 and_CC call_VVI out_RP ,_, ^_NULL *"_" Are_VBR you_PPY in_RP ,_, \_NULL Mrs_NNB Harris_NP1 ?_? **"_" ^ ^_NULL Not_XX once_RR did_VDD she_PPHS1 call_VVI her_PPHO1 Lois_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Mother_NN1 honoured_VVD her_APPGE friend_NN1 by_II using_VVG her_APPGE best_JJT china_NN1 for_IF afternoon_NNT1 tea_NN1 ,_, served_VVN at_II one_MC1 end_NN1 of_IO the_AT living_NN1 room_NN1 table_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 sipped_VVD their_APPGE tea_NN1 and_CC exchanged_VVD small_JJ talk_NN1 with_IW comfortable_JJ formality_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" Your_APPGE scones_NN2 are_VBR very_RG light_JJ today_RT ,_, \_NULL Mrs_NNB Harris_NP1 ._. **"_" ^ ^_NULL Our_APPGE mother_NN1 would_VM blush_VVI with_IW pleasure_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" Another_DD1 cup_NN1 ,_, \_NULL Mrs_NNB Sharples_NP1 ?_? **"_" ^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ always_RR a_AT1 discussion_NN1 about_II *"_" poor_JJ Father_NN1 's_VBZ **"_" rheumatism_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ was_VBDZ a_AT1 constant_JJ worry_NN1 to_II Granny_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB this_DD1 did_VDD not_XX cloud_VVI her_APPGE interest_NN1 in_II other_JJ people_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 had_VHD a_AT1 warm_JJ spot_NN1 for_IF the_AT Harris_NP1 children_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" How_RRQ is_VBZ Jack_NP1 's_GE ringworm_NN1 ?_? **"_" ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Mother_NN1 was_VBDZ treating_VVG Jack_NP1 's_GE shorn_JJ head_NN1 with_IW ointment_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Granny_NN1 had_VHD seen_VVN him_PPHO1 lurking_VVG behind_II the_AT tank_NN1 stand_VV0 ,_, wearing_VVG a_AT1 cotton_NN1 bonnet_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Mother_NN1 raised_VVD her_APPGE eyes_NN2 to_II heaven_NN1 ,_, perhaps_RR seeking_VVG divine_JJ help_NN1 ,_, because_CS Jack_NP1 's_GE hatred_NN1 of_IO the_AT bonnet_NN1 was_VBDZ making_VVG him_PPHO1 more_RGR aggressive_JJ than_CSN usual_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Granny_NN1 always_RR called_VVN after_II Mother_NN1 came_VVD home_RL from_II hospital_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 new_JJ baby_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 can_VM not_XX pretend_VVI to_TO know_VVI what_DDQ the_AT two_MC women_NN2 talked_VVN about_II as_CSA they_PPHS2 bent_VVD over_II the_AT wicker_NN1 travelling_JJ basket_NN1 ,_, now_RT in_II use_NN1 as_II the_AT crib_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 has_VHZ become_VVN family_NN history_NN1 ,_, though_CS ,_, that_CST having_VHG admired_VVN the_AT new_JJ baby_NN1 *-_- after_II Jack_NP1 the_AT first-born_NN1 they_PPHS2 were_VBDR all_DB girls_NN2 *-_- Granny_NN1 would_VM take_VVI a_AT1 half-crown_NN1 from_II her_APPGE pocket_NN1 ,_, lay_VVD it_PPH1 in_II the_AT baby_NN1 's_VBZ palm_NN1 and_CC lock_NN1 the_AT tiny_JJ fingers_NN2 around_II it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL If_CS the_AT baby_NN1 held_VVD the_AT money_NN1 firmly_RR ,_, she_PPHS1 would_VM smile_VVI approvingly_RR and_CC assure_NN1 Mother_NN1 that_CST the_AT child_NN1 would_VM develop_VVI a_AT1 thrifty_JJ nature_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL On_II the_AT other_JJ hand_NN1 ,_, if_CS the_AT coin_NN1 rolled_VVD out_RP *-_- and_CC it_PPH1 mostly_RR did_VDD *-_- Granny_NN1 would_VM sigh_VVI ,_, for_IF according_II21 to_II22 legend_NN1 the_AT child_NN1 would_VM grow_VVI up_RP a_AT1 spendthrift_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL On_II the_AT arrival_NN1 home_NN1 of_IO the_AT fifth_MD and_CC last_MD child_NN1 ,_, Granny_NN1 called_VVN and_CC the_AT ceremony_NN1 was_VBDZ repeated_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL By_RT21 now_RT22 Granny_NN1 had_VHD every_AT1 reason_NN1 to_TO feel_VVI disquiet_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 claim_VV0 that_CST it_PPH1 was_VBDZ to_TO bring_VVI a_AT1 smile_NN1 to_II the_AT old_JJ lady_NN1 's_VBZ face_NN1 that_DD1 Mother_NN1 there_RL and_CC then_RT named_VVD the_AT baby_NN1 Peggy_NP1 Eleanor_NP1 *-_- after_II Granny_NN1 ,_, Eleanor_NP1 Sharples_NP1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *5_NULL 8_MC :_: Pat_NP1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Often_RR during_II the_AT Christmas_NNT1 school_NN1 holidays_NN2 the_AT Sharples_NP1 '_GE granddaughter_NN1 arrived_VVN from_II Auckland_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Her_APPGE name_NN1 was_VBDZ Patricia_NP1 Laidlaw_NP1 and_CC we_PPIS2 held_VVD her_PPHO1 in_II awe_NN1 once_CS we_PPIS2 learnt_VVD that_CST she_PPHS1 was_VBDZ related_VVN to_II Robert_NP1 Laidlaw_NP1 ,_, founder_NN1 of_IO the_AT Auckland_NP1 Farmers_NP1 '_GE Trading_JJ Company_NNJ ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 made_VVD her_PPHO1 immensely_RR rich_JJ in_II our_APPGE eyes_NN2 (_( everyone_PN1 whom_PNQO we_PPIS2 knew_VVD made_VVN major_JJ purchases_NN2 from_II the_AT company_NN1 's_VBZ mail_NN1 order_NN1 catalogue_NN1 )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL Her_APPGE mother_NN1 was_VBDZ Granny_NN1 's_VBZ daughter_NN1 ,_, Maud_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Her_APPGE father_NN1 had_VHD been_VBN killed_VVN on_II the_AT Western_NP1 Front_NP1 just_RR before_II the_AT end_NN1 of_IO the_AT First_MD World_NN1 War_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Pat_NP1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 well-groomed_JJ and_CC glamorous_JJ Aucklander_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL As_CSA our_APPGE friendship_NN1 developed_VVD ,_, we_PPIS2 discovered_VVD the_AT difference_NN1 between_II city_NN1 and_CC country-bred_JJ folk_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, if_CS we_PPIS2 had_VHD lived_VVN in_II Auckland_NP1 ,_, we_PPIS2 would_VM have_VHI worn_VVN well-cut_JJ clothes_NN2 ,_, painted_VVN our_APPGE nails_NN2 a_AT1 vivid_JJ red_JJ and_CC had_VHD our_APPGE hair_NN1 cut_VVN and_CC marcel-waved_JJ in_II a_AT1 toilet_NN1 salon_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Our_APPGE legs_NN2 would_VM be_VBI sheathed_VVN in_II Kayser_NP1 silk_NN1 stockings_NN2 and_CC we_PPIS2 would_VM travel_VVI at_RR21 least_RR22 as_CS31 far_CS32 as_CS33 Sydney_NP1 with_IW our_APPGE several_DA2 pairs_NN2 of_IO shoes_NN2 neatly_RR packed_VVD in_II a_AT1 monogrammed_JJ leather_NN1 suitcase_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL We_PPIS2 would_VM also_RR have_VHI sole_JJ choice_NN1 of_IO deciding_VVG what_DDQ we_PPIS2 would_VM wear_VVI from_II Smith_NP1 and_CC Caughey_NP1 's_GE mantle_NN1 department_NNJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Then_RT ,_, after_CS we_PPIS2 had_VHD preened_VVN ourselves_PPX2 in_II31 front_II32 of_II33 long_JJ mirrors_NN2 and_CC been_VBN flattered_VVN by_II assistants_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 would_VM embark_VVI on_II the_AT final_JJ *-_- perhaps_RR fatal_JJ *-_- indulgence_NN1 of_IO the_AT day_NNT1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL This_DD1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 visit_NN1 to_II the_AT tearooms_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Our_APPGE parcels_NN2 would_VM be_VBI placed_VVN on_II a_AT1 spare_JJ chair_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 waitress_NN1 in_II a_AT1 black_JJ frock_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 frilly_JJ white_JJ apron_NN1 and_CC starched_JJ headband_NN1 would_VM bear_VVI down_RP on_II us_PPIO2 and_CC ,_, with_IW pencil_NN1 poised_VVD ,_, take_VV0 our_APPGE order_NN1 for_IF sandwiches_NN2 and_CC cakes_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL These_DD2 would_VM arrive_VVI in_II a_AT1 tiered_JJ silver_NN1 stand_VV0 ,_, along_II21 with_II22 a_AT1 shiny_JJ teapot_NN1 and_CC an_AT1 extra_JJ jug_NN1 of_IO hot_JJ water_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Contrary_II21 to_II22 what_DDQ our_APPGE mother_NN1 might_VM claim_VVI ,_, the_AT excesses_NN2 would_VM not_XX ruin_VVI us_PPIO2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL For_IF proof_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 had_VHD only_RR to_II point_NN1 to_II Pat_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ nothing_PN1 spoilt_VVN about_II her_PPHO1 ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 had_VHD a_AT1 friendly_JJ open_JJ nature_NN1 which_DDQ melted_VVD the_AT shyness_NN1 of_IO her_APPGE barefooted_JJ friends_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Yes_UH ,_, barefooted_JJ (_( except_CS on_II Sundays_NPD2 )_) and_CC dressed_VVN in_II cotton_NN1 prints_NN2 chosen_VVN from_II the_AT mail_NN1 order_NN1 catalogue_NN1 and_CC run_VVN up_RP by_II Mother_NN1 on_II the_AT treadle_NN1 sewing-machine_NN1 after_CS we_PPIS2 had_VHD been_VBN sent_VVN to_II bed_NN1 at_II night_NNT1 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 210+TEXT+G23_FO **]_NULL ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL *=_NULL X_ZZ1 *>_NULL ^ *<_NULL *6_NULL THE_AT REAL_JJ TASK_NN1 BEGINS_VVZ *>_NULL ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL 1935-1937_MCMC *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *6_NULL THE_AT VICTORIOUS_JJ LABOUR_JJ {_NULL MP_NN1 }_NULL s_ZZ1 met_VVN for_IF their_APPGE first_MD caucus_NN1 on_II Tuesday_NPD1 3_MC December_NPM1 1935_MC ,_, a_AT1 week_NNT1 after_II the_AT election_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Savage_NP1 had_VHD arrived_VVN in_II Wellington_NP1 the_AT previous_JJ morning_NNT1 to_II a_AT1 tumultuous_JJ welcome_NN1 ,_, with_IW thousands_NNO2 of_IO people_NN packing_VVG the_AT streets_NN2 and_CC climbing_VVG onto_II the_AT rooftops_NN2 and_CC tops_NN2 of_IO trucks_NN2 and_CC cars_NN2 outside_II the_AT railway_NN1 station_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL For_IF months_NNT2 prior_II21 to_II22 the_AT election_NN1 some_DD {_NULL MP_NN1 }_NULL s_ZZ1 had_VHD been_VBN lobbying_VVG openly_RR for_IF membership_NN of_IO cabinet_NN1 and_CC expressing_VVG personal_JJ ambitions_NN2 for_IF particular_JJ portfolios_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL One_MC1 newspaper_NN1 had_VHD predicted_VVN prophetically_RR that_CST *'_" ^_NULL No_AT one_MC1 could_VM envy_VVI \_NULL Mr_NNB Savage_NP1 if_CSW he_PPHS1 had_VHD to_TO allot_VVI portfolios_NN2 without_IW causing_VVG heart-burnings_NN2 ,_, envy_NN1 ,_, dissension_NN1 ,_, or_CC perhaps_RR the_AT opposition_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 mutinous_JJ *"_" left_JJ wing_NN1 **"_" ._. ^ **'_" ^_NULL Among_II those_DD2 with_IW expectations_NN2 was_VBDZ Lee_NP1 ,_, and_CC during_II the_AT election_NN1 campaign_NN1 he_PPHS1 had_VHD indicated_VVN clearly_RR his_APPGE preference_NN1 for_IF the_AT defence_NN1 ministry_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL On_II the_AT train_NN1 trip_VV0 down_RP from_II Auckland_NP1 to_II Wellington_NP1 ,_, Lee_NP1 and_CC other_JJ {_NULL MP_NN1 }_NULL s_ZZ1 decided_VVN informally_RR that_CST Mason_NP1 and_CC Schramm_NP1 would_VM move_VVI that_DD1 cabinet_NN1 be_VBI elected_VVN by_II caucus_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 also_RR arranged_VVD a_AT1 pre-selected_JJ list_NN1 of_IO candidates_NN2 ,_, including_II Langstone_NP1 for_IF finance_NN1 and_CC Lee_NP1 for_IF defence_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT meeting_NN1 started_VVD at_II 10.30_MC {_NULL a.m_RA ._. ^ }_NULL ^_NULL Present_NN1 were_VBDR all_DB fifty-three_MC Labour_JJ {_NULL MP_NN1 }_NULL s_ZZ1 ;_; two_MC Labour_JJ members_NN2 of_IO the_AT Legislative_JJ Council_NNJ ;_; seven_MC members_NN2 of_IO the_AT party_NN 's_GE national_JJ executive_NN ;_; Tirikatene_NP1 and_CC Ratana_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS were_VBDR admitted_VVN to_II the_AT caucus_NN1 ;_; and_CC Rangi_NP1 Mawhete_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS was_VBDZ to_TO be_VBI appointed_VVN in_II early_RR 1936_MC to_II the_AT Legislative_JJ Council_NNJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Savage_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS was_VBDZ given_VVN an_AT1 enthusiastic_JJ vote_NN1 of_IO appreciation_NN1 and_CC confidence_NN1 ,_, addressed_VVD the_AT meeting_NN1 briefly_RR ,_, paying_VVG tribute_NN1 especially_RR to_II the_AT work_NN1 of_IO Holland_NP1 and_CC James_NP1 and_CC Elizabeth_NP1 McCombs_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Messages_NN2 of_IO congratulation_NN1 ,_, including_II one_PN1 from_II Major_NNB Douglas_NP1 in_II London_NP1 ,_, were_VBDR read_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL Then_RT came_VVD the_AT question_NN1 of_IO the_AT composition_NN1 of_IO cabinet_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Savage_NP1 asked_VVD whether_CSW caucus_NN1 wanted_VVD to_TO elect_VVI a_AT1 cabinet_NN1 or_CC whether_CSW he_PPHS1 should_VM select_VVI it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ obvious_JJ that_CST many_DA2 of_IO the_AT new_JJ {_NULL MP_NN1 }_NULL s_ZZ1 had_VHD little_DA1 knowledge_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE more_RGR experienced_JJ colleagues_NN2 ,_, from_II whom_PNQO cabinet_NN1 had_VHD to_TO come_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL Mason_NP1 ,_, therefore_RR ,_, moved_VVN and_CC Semple_NP1 seconded_VVD that_CST Savage_NP1 should_VM select_VVI the_AT cabinet_NNJ and_CC report_VVI back_RP to_II caucus_NN1 at_II 7_MC {_NULL p.m_RA ._. ^ }_NULL that_DD1 night_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL McKeen_NP1 ,_, Armstrong_NP1 ,_, Howard_NP1 and_CC Carr_NP1 spoke_VVD in_II31 favour_II32 of_II33 the_AT motion_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ was_VBDZ passed_VVN unanimously_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL Everyone_PN1 appeared_VVD to_TO have_VHI faith_NN1 in_II Savage_NP1 's_GE integrity_NN1 and_CC judgement_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT task_NN1 given_VVN to_II Savage_NP1 was_VBDZ very_RG difficult_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 obviously_RR had_VHD to_TO take_VVI into_II account_NN1 each_DD1 {_NULL MP_NN1 }_NULL '_" s_ZZ1 ability_NN1 ,_, length_NN1 of_IO service_NN1 ,_, experience_NN1 ,_, status_NN1 in_II the_AT party_NN ,_, geographic_JJ location_NN1 and_CC specific_JJ interests_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 certainly_RR owed_VVD something_PN1 to_II the_AT pioneers_NN2 who_PNQS had_VHD formed_VVN the_AT party_NN and_CC sustained_VVN it_PPH1 during_II the_AT difficult_JJ years_NNT2 before_II 1919_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL Friendship_NP1 and_CC loyalty_NN1 were_VBDR also_RR tremendously_RR important_JJ to_II him_PPHO1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Savage_NP1 scribbled_VVD down_RP some_DD thirty-six_MC pages_NN2 of_IO lists_NN2 and_CC notes_NN2 as_CSA he_PPHS1 agonised_VVD over_II this_DD1 selection_NN1 and_CC went_VVD through_II four_MC main_JJ stages_NN2 in_II assembling_VVG the_AT cabinet_NNJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Eight_MC ministers_NN2 were_VBDR chosen_VVN immediately_RR :_: Savage_NP1 ,_, Fraser_NP1 ,_, Nash_NP1 ,_, Semple_NP1 ,_, Langstone_NP1 ,_, Sullivan_NP1 ,_, Jones_NP1 and_CC Parry_NP1 ,_, with_IW four_MC places_NN2 initially_RR left_JJ vacant_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL That_DD1 gave_VVD Savage_NP1 two_MC ministers_NN2 from_II Auckland_NP1 ,_, three_MC from_II Wellington_NP1 ,_, one_MC1 each_DD1 from_II Christchurch_NP1 and_CC Dunedin_NP1 ,_, and_CC one_PN1 from_II the_AT rural_JJ North_NP Island_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT possible_JJ surprise_NN1 was_VBDZ Fred_NP1 Jones_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 fifty-year-old_JJ former_DA trade_NN1 union_NN leader_NN1 who_PNQS had_VHD been_VBN {_NULL MP_NN1 }_NULL for_IF Dunedin_NP1 South_NP1 only_RR since_II 1931_MC but_CCB whose_DDQGE active_JJ involvement_NN1 went_VVD back_RP to_II the_AT days_NNT2 before_II the_AT formation_NN1 of_IO the_AT Labour_JJ Party_NNJ in_II 1916_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL Even_RR Lee_NP1 was_VBDZ subsequently_RR to_TO admit_VVI that_CST as_CSA minister_NN1 ,_, Jones_NP1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 fine_JJ ,_, if_CS unimaginative_JJ ,_, administrator_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Savage_NP1 accepted_VVD the_AT desirability_NN1 of_IO having_VHG at_RR21 least_RR22 one_MC1 minister_NN1 from_II Otago-Southland_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT most_RGT talented_JJ {_NULL MP_NN1 }_NULL s_ZZ1 from_II that_DD1 region_NN1 ,_, Nordmeyer_NP1 and_CC McMillan_NP1 ,_, had_VHD only_RR just_RR been_VBN elected_VVN to_II Parliament_NNJ and_CC the_AT longest-serving_JJT Dunedin_NP1 {_NULL MP_NN1 }_NULL Jim_NP1 Munro_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS had_VHD served_VVN in_II Parliament_NNJ with_IW one_MC1 three-year_NNT1 break_NN1 since_II 1922_MC ,_, not_XX only_RR had_VHN a_AT1 reputation_NN1 for_IF being_VBG lazy_JJ but_CCB had_VHD greatly_RR embarrassed_VVN Savage_NP1 a_AT1 week_NNT1 before_II the_AT 1935_MC election_NN1 by_II stating_VVG that_CST if_CS anyone_PN1 tried_VVD to_TO stop_VVI a_AT1 Labour_JJ government_NN carrying_VVG out_RP its_APPGE policy_NN1 ,_, Labour_NNJ might_VM have_VHI to_TO *'_" smash_VVI things_NN2 **'_" and_CC put_VVD directors_NN2 and_CC managers_NN2 in_II gaol_NN1 on_II a_AT1 bread_NN1 and_CC water_NN1 diet_NN1 *'_" as_CSA some_DD of_IO our_APPGE Communist_NN1 friends_NN2 were_VBDR dealt_VVN with_IW **'_" until_CS they_PPHS2 learnt_VVD to_TO obey_VVI the_AT government_NN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL None_PN of_IO the_AT new_JJ {_NULL MP_NN1 }_NULL s_ZZ1 was_VBDZ considered_VVN by_II Savage_NP1 for_IF cabinet_NN1 ,_, and_CC besides_II Munro_NP1 he_PPHS1 almost_RR immediately_RR deleted_VVD six_MC others_NN2 :_: Chapman_NP1 ,_, Carr_NP1 ,_, Richards_NP1 ,_, Coleman_NP1 ,_, McCombs_NP1 ,_, and_CC his_APPGE old_JJ friend_NN1 ,_, the_AT independently_RR minded_VVD Jordan_NP1 ,_, whom_PNQO Savage_NP1 decided_VVD to_TO send_VVI to_II Britain_NP1 as_CSA High_JJ Commissioner_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Jordan_NP1 ,_, described_VVN by_II one_MC1 close_JJ acquaintance_NN1 as_CSA Savage_NP1 's_GE *'_" stalwart_JJ aide_NN1 **'_" and_CC Nash_NP1 's_GE *'_" bete_NN1 noir_NN1 ,_, and_CC vice_RR21 versa_RR22 **'_" ,_, claimed_VVD that_CST *'_" ^_NULL Joe_NP1 and_CC I_PPIS1 understood_VVD one_PPX121 another_PPX122 **'_" ,_, partly_RR because_CS both_DB2 *'_" understand_VV0 *2_NULL MEN_NN2 **'_" ,_, *0_NULL unlike_II Fraser_NP1 and_CC Nash_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS only_RR *'_" understand_VV0 *2_NULL MATTERS_NN2 **'_" ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL A_AT1 minister_NN1 with_IW farming_NN1 expertise_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 lawyer_NN1 for_IF Minister_NN1 of_IO Justice_NP1 ,_, and_CC a_AT1 second_MD minister_NN1 from_II the_AT Christchurch_NP1 area_NN1 were_VBDR clearly_RR desirable_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Savage_NP1 chose_VVD as_II Minister_NN1 of_IO Agriculture_NN1 the_AT onetime_JJ president_NN1 of_IO the_AT Waikato_NP1 Farmers_NP1 '_GE Union_NNJ ,_, Lee_NP1 Martin_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS had_VHD been_VBN strongly_RR supported_VVN for_IF cabinet_NN1 rank_NN1 by_II representations_NN2 from_II the_AT chairmen_NN2 of_IO the_AT Raglan_NP1 ,_, Waikato_NP1 and_CC Waipa_NP County_NNL1 Councils_NNJ2 and_CC the_AT mayors_NN2 of_IO Hamilton_NP1 ,_, Huntly_NP1 and_CC Ngaruawahia_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Initially_RR he_PPHS1 selected_VVD Barnard_NP1 for_IF Minister_NN1 of_IO Justice_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Armstrong_NP1 was_VBDZ preferred_VVN to_II a_AT1 bitterly_RR disappointed_JJ Howard_NP1 for_IF the_AT second_MD Christchurch_NP1 minister_NN1 ,_, partly_RR because_CS Howard_NP1 had_VHD for_IF some_DD time_NNT1 been_VBN incapacitated_VVN by_II high_JJ blood_NN1 pressure_NN1 and_CC partly_RR because_CS little_DA1 rapport_NN1 had_VHD developed_VVN between_II Savage_NP1 and_CC Howard_NP1 during_II the_AT years_NNT2 they_PPHS2 had_VHD been_VBN together_RL in_II Parliament_NNJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Howard_NP1 received_VVD the_AT chairmanship_NN1 of_IO committees_NNJ2 and_CC ,_, bitterly_RR disappointed_JJ ,_, *'_" came_VVD out_II21 of_II22 the_AT caucus_NN1 with_IW tears_NN2 streaming_VVG down_RP his_APPGE face_NN1 **'_" ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II his_APPGE third_MD list_NN1 Savage_NP1 replaced_VVD Barnard_NP1 with_IW the_AT longer-serving_JJR Mason_NP1 and_CC transferred_VVD Barnard_NP1 to_II Speaker_NN1 of_IO the_AT House_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL O'Brien_NP1 ,_, from_II the_AT West_NP Coast_NP1 ,_, and_CC Lee_NP1 were_VBDR added_VVN tentatively_RR to_II cabinet_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II the_AT fourth_MD and_CC final_JJ list_NN1 Savage_NP1 replaced_VVD O'Brien_NP1 with_IW his_APPGE old_JJ mate_NN1 Webb_NP1 and_CC changed_VVD Lee_NP1 to_II an_AT1 under-secretary_NN1 to_II the_AT Prime_JJ Minister_NN1 and_CC chairman_NN1 of_IO the_AT caucus_NN1 defence_NN1 committee_NNJ ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 gave_VVD Savage_NP1 three_MC ministers_NN2 and_CC an_AT1 under-secretary_NN1 from_II Auckland_NP1 ,_, three_MC from_II Wellington_NP1 ,_, two_MC from_II Christchurch_NP1 ,_, one_MC1 from_II Dunedin_NP1 ,_, two_MC from_II rural_JJ North_NP Island_NP1 seats_NN2 ,_, and_CC one_PN1 from_II the_AT West_NP Coast_NP1 of_IO the_AT South_NP Island_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Fagan_NP1 was_VBDZ added_VVN to_II the_AT cabinet_NNJ as_II leader_NN1 of_IO the_AT Legislative_JJ Council_NNJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Of_IO the_AT fourteen_MC ,_, six_MC had_VHD been_VBN born_VVN in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 ,_, six_MC in_II Australia_NP1 ,_, one_MC1 in_II England_NP1 and_CC one_PN1 in_II Scotland_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ some_DD comment_NN1 that_CST five_MC of_IO the_AT ministers_NN2 were_VBDR Catholics_NN2 ,_, though_CS Savage_NP1 and_CC Webb_NP1 were_VBDR not_XX churchgoers_NN2 ,_, Fagan_NP1 had_VHD only_RR recently_RR returned_VVN to_II the_AT church_NN1 ,_, and_CC of_IO the_AT two_MC practising_JJ Catholics_NN2 ,_, Armstrong_NP1 was_VBDZ married_JJ to_II a_AT1 Methodist_NN1 and_CC Sullivan_NP1 to_II a_AT1 Baptist_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL With_IW the_AT exception_NN1 of_IO Nash_NP1 and_CC Mason_NP1 ,_, they_PPHS2 were_VBDR manual_JJ workers_NN2 who_PNQS had_VHD known_VVN the_AT suffering_NN1 associated_VVN with_IW hard_JJ toil_NN1 ,_, periodic_JJ unemployment_NN1 ,_, and_CC living_VVG from_II pay_NN1 to_II pay_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL All_DB had_VHD devoted_VVN much_DA1 of_IO their_APPGE adult_NN1 lives_VVZ to_II the_AT Labour_JJ movement_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Savage_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS throughout_II the_AT latter_DA part_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE notes_NN2 bracketed_VVD the_AT names_NN2 Savage_NP1 and_CC Lee_NP1 ,_, deliberately_RR limited_VVD the_AT portfolios_NN2 he_PPHS1 took_VVD ,_, perceiving_VVG his_APPGE own_DA roles_NN2 as_II initiator_NN1 ,_, co-ordinator_NN1 ,_, supervisor_NN1 and_CC communicator_NN1 of_IO government_NN policy_NN1 rather_II21 than_II22 administrator_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 specific_JJ department_NNJ ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 reserved_VVD for_IF himself_PPX1 ,_, largely_RR at_II the_AT urging_NN1 of_IO others_NN2 ,_, external_JJ affairs_NN2 ,_, native_JJ affairs_NN2 ,_, and_CC subsequently_RR broadcasting_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Fraser_NP1 ,_, the_AT Deputy_NN1 Prime_JJ Minister_NN1 ,_, was_VBDZ given_VVN education_NN1 ,_, health_NN1 ,_, marine_JJ and_CC police_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT party_NN president_NN1 ,_, Nash_NP1 ,_, despite_II a_AT1 letter_NN1 from_II Lee_NP1 to_II Savage_NP1 opposing_VVG Nash_NP1 's_GE appointment_NN1 ,_, received_JJ finance_NN1 and_CC customs_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT other_JJ ministers_NN2 and_CC their_APPGE responsibilities_NN2 were_VBDR Armstrong_NP1 ,_, labour_NN1 and_CC employment_NN1 ;_; Jones_NP1 ,_, defence_NN1 and_CC Post_NN1 Office_NN1 ;_; Lee_NP1 Martin_NP1 ,_, agriculture_NN1 ;_; Mason_NP1 ,_, justice_NN1 and_CC Attorney_NN1 General_NN1 ;_; Langstone_NP1 ,_, lands_NN2 and_CC forests_NN2 ;_; Parry_NP1 ,_, internal_JJ affairs_NN2 ;_; Semple_NP1 ,_, public_JJ works_NN and_CC transport_NN1 ;_; Sullivan_NP1 ,_, industries_NN2 and_CC commerce_NN1 and_CC railways_NN2 ;_; and_CC Webb_NP1 ,_, mines_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Despite_II Lee_NP1 's_GE belief_NN1 that_CST Fraser_NP1 and_CC Nash_NP1 had_VHD advised_VVN Savage_NP1 that_CST Lee_NP1 should_VM be_VBI given_VVN cabinet_NN1 rank_NN1 ,_, and_CC despite_II Fraser_NP1 's_GE reportedly_RR strong_JJ opposition_NN1 to_II the_AT appointment_NN1 of_IO Webb_NP1 ,_, Jones_NP1 and_CC Mason_NP1 ,_, Savage_NP1 announced_VVD his_APPGE decision_NN1 unchanged_JJ to_II caucus_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX were_VBDR no_AT questions_NN2 and_CC there_EX was_VBDZ no_AT discussion_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Most_DAT {_NULL MP_NN1 }_NULL s_ZZ1 felt_VVD that_CST Savage_NP1 had_VHD chosen_VVN *'_" predictable_JJ people_NN **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ inevitable_JJ ,_, however_RR ,_, that_CST some_DD of_IO those_DD2 excluded_VVN by_II Savage_NP1 would_VM take_VVI the_AT decision_NN1 very_RG personally_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL Momentarily_RR hiding_VVG his_APPGE own_DA bitter_JJ disappointment_NN1 ,_, Lee_NP1 moved_VVD and_CC Chapman_NP1 seconded_VVD a_AT1 motion_NN1 *'_" that_CST those_DD2 selected_VVN be_VBI congratulated_VVN on_II their_APPGE selection_NN1 for_IF Cabinet_NNJ rank_NN1 ,_, and_CC that_CST the_AT rest_NN1 of_IO the_AT Party_NNJ pledge_NN1 themselves_PPX2 to_TO give_VVI the_AT Ministers_NN2 their_APPGE whole_JJ hearted_JJ loyalty_NN1 and_CC support_NN1 ._. ^ **'_" ^_NULL After_CS that_DD1 was_VBDZ carried_VVN unanimously_RR ,_, a_AT1 second_MD motion_NN1 was_VBDZ passed_VVN creating_VVG the_AT position_NN1 of_IO parliamentary_JJ secretary_NN1 to_II the_AT Prime_JJ Minister_NN1 and_CC asking_VVG Lee_NP1 to_TO accept_VVI it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Savage_NP1 was_VBDZ sworn_VVN in_II as_RG Prime_JJ Minister_NN1 ,_, with_IW his_APPGE cabinet_NN1 ,_, on_II 6_MC December_NPM1 1935_MC ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Although_CS only_RR the_AT Wellington_NP1 newspapers_NN2 of_IO all_DB those_DD2 in_II the_AT four_MC main_JJ centres_NN2 had_VHD included_VVN Lee_NP1 in_II their_APPGE lists_NN2 of_IO likely_JJ ministers_NN2 and_CC although_CS most_DAT {_NULL MP_NN1 }_NULL s_ZZ1 were_VBDR not_XX surprised_JJ at_II his_APPGE exclusion_NN1 ,_, Lee_NP1 ,_, never_RR one_PN1 to_TO have_VHI doubts_NN2 about_II his_APPGE own_DA ability_NN1 and_CC merit_NN1 ,_, certainly_RR had_VHD wanted_VVN and_CC expected_VVN a_AT1 cabinet_NN1 post_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL His_PPGE aggressively_RR ambitious_JJ wife_NN1 ,_, Mollie_NP1 ,_, hoped_VVD that_CST at_II the_AT very_RG least_DAT her_APPGE husband_NN1 would_VM be_VBI offered_VVN the_AT post_NN1 of_IO High_JJ Commissioner_NN1 in_II London_NP1 ,_, which_DDQ Lee_NP1 would_VM probably_RR have_VHI taken_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL When_CS Savage_NP1 had_VHD first_MD suggested_VVN to_II Lee_NP1 that_CST he_PPHS1 become_VVN under-secretary_NN1 to_II the_AT Prime_JJ Minister_NN1 ,_, Lee_NP1 treated_VVD it_PPH1 as_II a_AT1 bad_JJ joke_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ subsequently_RR persuaded_VVN to_TO accept_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL Lee_NP1 had_VHD time_NNT1 on_II his_APPGE side_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ only_RR forty-four_MC and_CC none_PN of_IO Savage_NP1 's_GE ministers_NN2 was_VBDZ under_RG fifty_MC ;_; the_AT average_JJ age_NN1 was_VBDZ fifty-seven_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT thought_NN1 that_CST more_DAR ministers_NN2 might_VM soon_RR be_VBI needed_VVN held_VVN out_RP some_DD hope_NN1 ,_, and_CC Lee_NP1 was_VBDZ also_RR forced_VVN to_TO admit_VVI that_CST there_EX were_VBDR good_JJ reasons_NN2 for_IF Parry_NP1 and_CC Mason_NP1 being_VBG included_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 also_RR acknowledged_VVD that_CST it_PPH1 would_VM have_VHI been_VBN difficult_JJ for_IF Savage_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS was_VBDZ in_II Lee_NP1 's_GE opinion_NN1 at_II that_DD1 time_NNT1 *'_" tremendously_RR sincere_JJ though_CS a_AT1 plodder_NN1 **'_" ,_, who_PNQS *'_" will_VM come_VVI to_TO be_VBI looked_VVN upon_II as_II the_AT descendant_NN1 of_IO Seddon_NP1 **'_" ,_, to_TO appoint_VVI a_AT1 fourth_MD Auckland_NP1 minister_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL At_II the_AT end_NN1 of_IO the_AT caucus_NN1 at_II which_DDQ cabinet_NN1 was_VBDZ announced_VVN ,_, Langstone_NP1 and_CC a_AT1 national_JJ executive_NN member_NN1 ,_, Peter_NP1 Butler_NP1 ,_, invited_VVD Lee_NP1 to_TO join_VVI them_PPHO2 for_IF a_AT1 cup_NN1 of_IO tea_NN1 at_II Butler_NP1 's_GE home_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Lee_NP1 *'_" appeared_VVD to_TO be_VBI in_II a_AT1 sort_NN1 of_IO trance_NN1 **'_" but_CCB ,_, according_II21 to_II22 Butler_NP1 ,_, *'_" without_IW replying_VVG he_PPHS1 came_VVD with_IW us_PPIO2 and_CC on_II reaching_VVG our_APPGE Model_NN1 A_AT1 Ford_NP1 slumped_VVD into_II the_AT back_NN1 seat_NN1 **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL When_CS they_PPHS2 reached_VVD Butler_NP1 's_GE house_NN1 ,_, *'_" Lee_NP1 ,_, his_APPGE tea_NN1 untouched_JJ ,_, had_VHD huddled_VVN against_II the_AT window_NN1 sill_NN1 ,_, muttering_VVG incoherently_RR against_II no-one_PN1 in_RR21 particular_RR22 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 became_VVD uneasy_JJ and_CC my_APPGE wife_NN1 a_RR21 little_RR22 alarmed_VVD ._. ^ **'_" ^_NULL Langstone_NP1 explained_VVD to_II Butler_NP1 how_RRQ shattered_VVD Lee_NP1 was_VBDZ at_II not_XX being_VBG included_VVN in_II the_AT cabinet_NNJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Although_CS Langstone_NP1 and_CC Butler_NP1 tried_VVD to_TO console_VVI Lee_NP1 ,_, they_PPHS2 were_VBDR unable_JJ to_TO lift_VVI him_PPHO1 out_II21 of_II22 his_APPGE deep_JJ despondency_NN1 and_CC self-pity_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Lee_NP1 could_VM not_XX accept_VVI his_APPGE exclusion_NN1 gracefully_RR and_CC subsequently_RR complained_VVD to_II many_DA2 others_NN2 about_II it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 expressed_VVD particularly_RR his_APPGE resentment_NN1 against_II Savage_NP1 for_IF preferring_VVG Jones_NP1 as_II Minister_NN1 of_IO Defence_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL One_MC1 of_IO those_DD2 confidants_NN2 ,_, Harry_NP1 Holland_NP1 's_GE son_NN1 Roy_NP1 ,_, believed_VVD that_CST Lee_NP1 's_GE undying_JJ vendetta_NN1 against_II Savage_NP1 started_VVD with_IW that_DD1 incident_NN1 and_CC Lee_NP1 's_GE friend_NN1 and_CC lieutenant_NN1 ,_, Norman_NP1 Douglas_NP1 ,_, later_RRR claimed_VVD that_CST he_PPHS1 had_VHD never_RR heard_VVN Lee_NP1 criticise_NN1 Savage_NN1 until_CS after_CS the_AT selection_NN1 of_IO the_AT cabinet_NNJ ._. ^ ^_NULL As_II the_AT perceived_JJ injustice_NN1 festered_VVD ,_, Lee_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS regarded_VVD Savage_NP1 as_II his_APPGE inferior_JJ in_II every_AT1 way_NN1 ,_, increasingly_RR saw_VVD the_AT Prime_JJ Minister_NN1 not_XX only_RR as_CSA the_AT man_NN1 who_PNQS had_VHD for_IF the_AT basest_JJT of_IO motives_NN2 left_VVD him_PPHO1 out_II21 of_II22 cabinet_NN1 but_CCB also_RR as_CSA the_AT person_NN1 holding_VVG the_AT very_JJ post_NN1 and_CC enjoying_VVG the_AT wide_JJ public_JJ popularity_NN1 Lee_NP1 thought_NN1 should_VM be_VBI rightfully_RR his_PPGE ._. ^ ^_NULL Lee_NP1 's_GE prospects_NN2 of_IO successfully_RR challenging_VVG Fraser_NP1 for_IF the_AT party_NN 's_GE leadership_NN1 in_II the_AT future_NN1 when_RRQ Savage_NP1 retired_VVD or_CC died_VVD were_VBDR also_RR considerably_RR reduced_VVN by_II his_PPGE not_XX being_VBG a_AT1 member_NN1 of_IO cabinet_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Within_II days_NNT2 of_IO the_AT cabinet_NNJ 's_GE selection_NN1 ,_, Lee_NP1 confided_VVD to_II his_APPGE wife_NN1 ,_, *'_" ^_NULL Can_VM see_VVI myself_PPX1 emerging_VVG from_II it_PPH1 all_DB as_II the_AT leader_NN1 of_IO the_AT revolutionary_JJ faction_NN1 **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL One_MC1 of_IO Lee_NP1 's_GE closest_JJT caucus_NN1 friends_NN2 ,_, Morgan_NP1 Williams_NP1 ,_, recalled_VVD that_CST from_II that_DD1 first_MD caucus_NN1 Lee_NP1 *'_" was_VBDZ bitterly_RR disappointed_JJ ...._... and_CC it_PPH1 was_VBDZ not_XX long_JJ before_CS he_PPHS1 began_VVD moving_VVG among_II the_AT new_JJ members_NN2 stirring_VVG up_RP dissatisfaction_NN1 **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL Terry_NP1 McCombs_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS often_RR shared_VVN a_AT1 pot_NN1 of_IO tea_NN1 with_IW Lee_NP1 in_II Bellamy_NP1 's_GE ,_, believed_VVD that_CST Lee_NP1 's_GE disappointment_NN1 and_CC his_APPGE frustrated_JJ desire_NN1 to_TO be_VBI recognised_VVN not_XX just_RR as_II a_AT1 minister_NN1 but_CCB as_II the_AT leader_NN1 led_VVN to_II his_APPGE digging_VVG up_RP policies_NN2 and_CC issues_NN2 and_CC recruiting_VVG allies_NN2 to_TO oppose_VVI and_CC embarrass_NN1 Savage_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Another_DD1 of_IO Lee_NP1 's_GE allies_NN2 ,_, Nordmeyer_NP1 ,_, has_VHZ recorded_VVN that_CST Lee_NP1 *'_" started_VVD immediately_RR almost_RR a_AT1 vendetta_NN1 against_II Joe_NP1 **'_" and_CC *'_" became_VVD almost_RR a_AT1 pathological_JJ case_NN1 himself_PPX1 ._. ^ **'_" ^_NULL The_AT undoubted_JJ abilities_NN2 Lee_NP1 had_VHD shown_VVN as_II a_AT1 fighting_JJ critic_NN1 in_II the_AT opposition_NN1 before_II 1935_MC were_VBDR ,_, after_CS that_DD1 time_NNT1 ,_, turned_VVN against_II his_APPGE own_DA colleagues_NN2 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 211+TEXT+G24_FO **]_NULL ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL During_II the_AT years_NNT2 1917_MC and_CC 1918_MC I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ taking_VVG a_AT1 growing_JJ interest_NN1 in_II the_AT daily_JJ newspaper_NN1 and_CC I_PPIS1 followed_VVD the_AT disintegration_NN1 of_IO the_AT German_JJ Army_NNJ in_II the_AT closing_JJ months_NNT2 of_IO 1918_MC ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL When_CS news_NN1 came_VVD through_II that_DD1 an_AT1 armistice_NN1 had_VHD been_VBN concluded_VVN on_II 11_MC November_NPM1 ,_, a_AT1 school_NN1 holiday_NN1 was_VBDZ declared_VVN for_IF the_AT following_JJ day_NNT1 after_CS we_PPIS2 had_VHD taken_VVN part_NN1 in_II a_AT1 village_NN1 celebration_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 remember_VV0 an_AT1 adult_NN1 at_II the_AT celebration_NN1 saying_VVG to_II me_PPIO1 ,_, ^_NULL *"_" You_PPY 've_VH0 got_VVN it_PPH1 ._. **"_" ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 was_VBDZ referring_VVG to_II influenza_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 went_VVD down_RP with_IW it_PPH1 within_II a_AT1 day_NNT1 or_CC two_MC ,_, as_CSA did_VDD all_DB the_AT family_NN in_II the_AT days_NNT2 that_CST followed_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL Fortunately_RR for_IF us_PPIO2 ,_, my_APPGE mother_NN1 was_VBDZ up_RP first_MD and_CC she_PPHS1 nursed_VVD us_PPIO2 through_RP with_IW devoted_JJ and_CC loving_JJ care_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Death_NN1 ,_, however_RR ,_, was_VBDZ stalking_VVG the_AT vicinity_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT grocer_NN1 's_VBZ wife_NN1 next_MD door_NN1 died_VVD ,_, as_CSA did_VDD the_AT village_NN1 butcher_VVI ;_; these_DD2 were_VBDR among_II the_AT grievous_JJ blows_NN2 which_DDQ befell_VVD a_AT1 small_JJ community_NNJ ._. ^ ^_NULL For_IF these_DD2 to_TO follow_VVI a_AT1 war_NN1 in_II which_DDQ many_DA2 had_VHD relatives_NN2 who_PNQS had_VHD died_VVN or_CC suffered_JJ wounds_NN2 was_VBDZ a_AT1 severe_JJ blow_NN1 ,_, leaving_VVG the_AT community_NNJ listless_JJ for_IF a_AT1 long_JJ time_NNT1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL For_IF various_JJ reasons_NN2 ,_, the_AT years_NNT2 I_PPIS1 spent_VVD at_II Ashhurst_NP1 contributed_VVD a_PN31 great_PN32 deal_PN33 to_II my_APPGE education_NN1 and_CC development_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Both_DB2 my_APPGE parents_NN2 were_VBDR dedicated_JJ teachers_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Although_CS my_APPGE mother_NN1 gave_VVD up_RP teaching_VVG when_RRQ she_PPHS1 married_VVD my_APPGE father_NN1 in_II 1907_MC ,_, she_PPHS1 maintained_VVD her_APPGE keen_JJ interest_NN1 in_II the_AT subject_NN1 of_IO education_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Some_DD idea_NN1 of_IO my_APPGE father_NN1 's_VBZ standing_VVG as_II a_AT1 teacher_NN1 can_VM be_VBI gleaned_VVN from_II this_DD1 inspection_NN1 report_NN1 made_VVN in_II 1912_MC on_II his_APPGE work_NN1 at_II Halcombe_NP1 :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL My_APPGE father_NN1 's_VBZ passion_NN1 was_VBDZ English_JJ history_NN1 ,_, my_APPGE mother_NN1 's_GE English_JJ literature_NN1 ,_, including_II poetry_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_RR21 addition_RR22 ,_, they_PPHS2 often_RR discussed_VVD educational_JJ theory_NN1 and_CC practice_NN1 and_CC I_PPIS1 remember_VV0 their_APPGE occasional_JJ discussions_NN2 about_II the_AT views_NN2 of_IO Maria_NP1 Montessori_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX seemed_VVD to_TO be_VBI nothing_PN1 systematic_JJ in_II my_APPGE parents_NN2 '_GE approach_NN1 towards_II my_APPGE education_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 followed_VVD whatever_DDQV interests_NN2 I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ developing_VVG at_II a_AT1 particular_JJ stage_NN1 and_CC then_RT drew_VVD my_APPGE attention_NN1 to_II relevant_JJ books_NN2 we_PPIS2 had_VHD at_II home_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 was_VBDZ particularly_RR so_RG during_II my_APPGE last_MD two_MC or_CC three_MC years_NNT2 at_II the_AT primary_JJ stage_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Our_APPGE library_NN1 resources_NN2 were_VBDR modest_JJ but_CCB nonetheless_RR gave_VVD me_PPIO1 some_DD scope_NN1 for_IF pursuing_VVG an_AT1 interest_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 never_RR felt_VVD that_CST I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ being_VBG driven_VVN educationally_RR ,_, and_CC there_EX was_VBDZ a_AT1 quiet_JJ informality_NN1 about_II it_PPH1 all_DB ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II retrospect_NN1 ,_, though_CS ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ plain_JJ to_II me_PPIO1 that_CST the_AT influence_NN1 of_IO my_APPGE parents_NN2 was_VBDZ profound_JJ and_CC lasting_VVG ,_, particularly_RR in_II matters_NN2 concerning_II the_AT dignity_NN1 of_IO the_AT human_JJ being_NN1 ;_; I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ the_AT product_NN1 of_IO influences_NN2 derived_VVN from_II both_DB2 Christian_JJ and_CC humanist_NN1 sources_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL My_APPGE father_NN1 died_VVD in_II 1946_MC and_CC my_APPGE mother_NN1 in_II 1948_MC ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL My_APPGE parents_NN2 were_VBDR not_XX regular_JJ churchgoers_NN2 but_CCB as_CSA children_NN2 we_PPIS2 attended_VVD the_AT Methodist_NN1 Sunday_NPD1 School_NN1 and_CC also_RR the_AT occasional_JJ service_NN1 in_II the_AT Methodist_NN1 Church_NNJ ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Reverend_NNB Clyde_NP1 Carr_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 Methodist_JJ minister_NN1 stationed_VVD at_II Ashhurst_NP1 during_II 1914_MC ,_, was_VBDZ later_RRR a_AT1 Labour_JJ Member_NN1 of_IO Parliament_NNJ who_PNQS spoke_VVD in_II31 favour_II32 of_II33 the_AT abolition_NN1 of_IO capital_NN1 punishment_NN1 and_CC was_VBDZ one_MC1 of_IO those_DD2 who_PNQS voted_VVD in_II31 favour_II32 of_II33 abolition_NN1 in_II 1961_MC ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT amount_NN1 of_IO delinquency_NN1 in_II the_AT Ashhurst_NP1 district_NN1 would_VM not_XX have_VHI varied_VVN significantly_RR from_II other_JJ comparable_JJ districts_NN2 ,_, but_CCB what_DDQ was_VBDZ interesting_JJ was_VBDZ the_AT informal_JJ system_NN1 for_IF its_APPGE control_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 consisted_VVD of_IO a_AT1 triumvirate_NN1 who_PNQS kept_VVD in_II31 touch_II32 with_II33 one_PPX121 another_PPX122 *-_- they_PPHS2 were_VBDR my_APPGE father_NN1 ,_, as_CSA the_AT headmaster_NN1 ,_, the_AT local_JJ police_NN2 constable_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT chairman_NN1 of_IO the_AT school_NN1 committee_NNJ who_PNQS happened_VVD to_TO be_VBI the_AT manager_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 large_JJ farm_NN1 ,_, and_CC whose_DDQGE duties_NN2 occasionally_RR took_VVD him_PPHO1 on_II horseback_NN1 along_II the_AT banks_NN2 of_IO the_AT Pohangina_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Detection_NN1 of_IO mischief_NN1 seemed_VVD to_TO be_VBI prompt_JJ ,_, justice_NN1 was_VBDZ swift_JJ ,_, and_CC it_PPH1 was_VBDZ effective_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 am_VBM not_XX advocating_VVG a_AT1 return_NN1 to_II such_DA a_AT1 system_NN1 ,_, but_CCB it_PPH1 did_VDD have_VHI the_AT virtue_NN1 of_IO simplicity_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Towards_II the_AT end_NN1 of_IO June_NPM1 1917_MC the_AT calm_NN1 of_IO Ashhurst_NP1 was_VBDZ gravely_RR disturbed_VVN by_II the_AT news_NN1 that_CST a_AT1 farmer_NN1 living_VVG not_XX far_RR from_II the_AT village_NN1 had_VHD killed_VVN his_APPGE 18-year-old_JJ son_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT accused_JJ was_VBDZ tried_VVN for_IF murder_NN1 but_CCB found_VVD guilty_JJ of_IO manslaughter_NN1 and_CC sentenced_VVD to_II six_MC years_NNT2 '_GE hard_JJ labour_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT shock_NN1 of_IO that_DD1 crime_NN1 reverberated_VVD through_II the_AT Pohangina_NP1 valley_NN1 and_CC the_AT surrounding_JJ district_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT revulsion_NN1 among_II children_NN2 at_II the_AT Ashhurst_NP1 primary_JJ school_NN1 was_VBDZ quite_RG marked_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL We_PPIS2 moved_VVD to_II Wairoa_NP1 at_II the_AT end_NN1 of_IO September_NPM1 1921_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL Because_CS it_PPH1 was_VBDZ my_APPGE last_MD year_NNT1 at_II primary_JJ school_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 was_VBDZ disrupting_VVG both_RR to_II my_APPGE studies_NN2 and_CC to_II friendships_NN2 ,_, but_CCB there_EX were_VBDR compensating_VVG advantages_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 being_VBG closer_JJR to_TO the_AT sea_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ also_RR the_AT opportunity_NN1 to_TO see_VVI far_RG more_DAR of_IO the_AT Maori_JJ race_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL We_PPIS2 were_VBDR allowed_VVN to_TO play_VVI cricket_NN1 on_II a_AT1 spacious_JJ lawn_NN1 between_II the_AT police_NN2 sergeant_NN1 's_VBZ home_RL and_CC the_AT police_NN2 lock-up_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL If_CS any_DD prisoners_NN2 were_VBDR held_VVN at_II the_AT station_NN1 ,_, they_PPHS2 were_VBDR usually_RR allowed_VVN to_TO join_VVI us_PPIO2 in_II a_AT1 game_NN1 on_II the_AT one_MC1 condition_NN1 that_CST they_PPHS2 did_VDD not_XX bat_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 think_VV0 this_DD1 piece_NN1 of_IO apparent_JJ discrimination_NN1 came_VVD about_RP through_II the_AT police_NN2 sergeant_NN1 's_VBZ concern_NN1 for_IF his_APPGE windows_NN2 !_! ^ ^_NULL Most_DAT of_IO those_DD2 held_VVN in_II the_AT lock-up_NN1 were_VBDR there_RL for_IF minor_JJ offences_NN2 or_CC for_IF default_NN1 in_II the_AT payment_NN1 of_IO debt_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 wondered_VVD why_RRQ such_DA a_AT1 high_JJ proportion_NN1 of_IO them_PPHO2 were_VBDR Maoris_NP2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Early_RR in_II 1922_MC I_PPIS1 enrolled_VVD in_II the_AT secondary_JJ department_NNJ of_IO the_AT district_NN1 high_JJ school_NN1 ,_, but_CCB my_APPGE formal_JJ education_NN1 at_II secondary_JJ level_NN1 was_VBDZ short_JJ ,_, limited_JJ and_CC fragmentary_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Punishment_NP1 was_VBDZ never_RR a_AT1 major_JJ factor_NN1 within_II our_APPGE home_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ the_AT occasional_JJ slap_NN1 in_II anger_NN1 ,_, but_CCB for_RR41 the_RR42 most_RR43 part_RR44 ,_, the_AT punishment_NN1 ,_, came_VVD in_II the_AT form_NN1 of_IO words_NN2 of_IO reproof_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Unexpectedly_NP1 ,_, I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ offered_VVN a_AT1 cadetship_NN1 in_II the_AT local_JJ branch_NN1 of_IO the_AT Public_JJ Trust_NNJ Office_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL At_II that_DD1 time_NNT1 and_CC in_II areas_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 Wairoa_NP1 cadetships_NN2 were_VBDR few_DA2 and_CC far_RR between_RL ._. ^ ^_NULL One_MC1 of_IO my_APPGE teachers_NN2 counselled_VVD me_PPIO1 against_II acceptance_NN1 on_II the_AT ground_NN1 that_CST I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ too_RG young_JJ *-_- I_PPIS1 had_VHD turned_VVN 15_MC in_II the_AT preceding_VVG June_NPM1 *-_- but_II my_APPGE parents_NN2 were_VBDR in_II favour_NN1 ,_, and_CC I_PPIS1 certainly_RR was_VBDZ ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 had_VHD become_VVN restless_JJ and_CC wanted_VVN to_TO get_VVI into_II the_AT world_NN1 of_IO work_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX were_VBDR seven_MC children_NN2 in_II our_APPGE family_NN and_CC my_APPGE parents_NN2 could_VM not_XX disregard_VVI the_AT financial_JJ aspect_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL So_RR I_PPIS1 began_VVD duty_NN1 as_II a_AT1 cadet_NN1 in_II the_AT Public_JJ Trust_NNJ Office_NN1 at_II Wairoa_NP1 on_II 1_MC1 August_NPM1 1924_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ to_TO serve_VVI in_II the_AT Public_JJ Trust_NNJ Department_NNJ until_II 1944_MC except_II21 for_II22 a_AT1 period_NN1 of_IO leave_NN1 from_II August_NPM1 1937_MC to_II November_NPM1 1939_MC during_II which_DDQ I_PPIS1 undertook_VVD postgraduate_NN1 studies_NN2 at_II University_NN1 College_NNL1 ,_, London_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL From_II 1944_MC ,_, I_PPIS1 served_VVD in_II the_AT office_NN1 of_IO the_AT Public_JJ Service_NN1 Commission_NNJ until_II my_APPGE appointment_NN1 to_II the_AT Department_NNJ for_IF Justice_NP1 in_II 1951_MC ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL My_APPGE first_MD controlling_JJ officer_NN1 in_II the_AT Public_JJ Trust_NNJ Office_NN1 at_II Wairoa_NP1 was_VBDZ \_NULL Mr_NNB Hugh_NP1 Mulholland_NP1 ,_, whom_PNQO I_PPIS1 found_VVD to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 kind_NN1 and_CC patient_JJ man_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ transferred_VVN to_II Hastings_NP1 in_II July_NPM1 1926_MC to_II work_NN1 under_II a_AT1 controlling_JJ officer_NN1 who_PNQS proved_VVD to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 martinet_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ one_MC1 of_IO my_APPGE duties_NN2 to_TO cross_VVI the_AT road_NN1 for_IF his_APPGE copy_NN1 of_IO the_AT evening_NNT1 newspaper_NN1 and_CC to_TO deliver_VVI it_PPH1 to_II him_PPHO1 at_II 4_MC o'clock_RA in_II the_AT afternoon_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL On_II several_DA2 occasions_NN2 ,_, I_PPIS1 had_VHD delivered_VVN the_AT paper_NN1 to_II him_PPHO1 some_DD minutes_NNT2 before_II 4_MC {_NULL p.m_RA ._. ^ }_NULL or_CC some_DD minutes_NNT2 after_II ._. ^ ^_NULL Eventually_RR he_PPHS1 gave_VVD me_PPIO1 a_AT1 long_JJ lecture_NN1 on_II the_AT need_NN1 for_IF punctuality_NN1 ,_, and_CC he_PPHS1 pointed_VVD out_RP to_II me_PPIO1 how_RRQ ,_, in_II the_AT artillery_NN1 during_II the_AT First_MD World_NN1 War_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 was_VBDZ imperative_JJ that_CST the_AT guns_NN2 be_VBI fired_VVN on_II time_NNT1 ,_, neither_RR before_RT nor_CC after_RT ._. ^ ^_NULL No_RR21 doubt_RR22 I_PPIS1 needed_VVD this_DD1 lecture_NN1 but_CCB all_RR31 the_RR32 same_RR33 I_PPIS1 found_VVD it_PPH1 somewhat_RR nauseating_VVG ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Another_DD1 one_MC1 of_IO my_APPGE duties_NN2 was_VBDZ to_TO stoke_VVI the_AT furnace_NN1 in_II the_AT basement_NN1 which_DDQ provided_VVD steam_NN1 for_IF the_AT heating_NN1 of_IO the_AT building_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ required_VVN to_TO stoke_VVI up_RP at_II specified_JJ times_NNT2 during_II the_AT day_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Here_RL again_RT ,_, I_PPIS1 had_VHD difficulty_NN1 in_II maintaining_VVG the_AT time_NNT1 schedule_NN1 to_II the_AT boss_NN1 's_VBZ satisfaction_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 fanlight_NN1 gave_VVD a_AT1 clear_JJ view_NN1 of_IO the_AT interior_NN1 of_IO the_AT basement_NN1 and_CC on_II one_MC1 occasion_NN1 it_PPH1 was_VBDZ opened_VVN by_II my_APPGE boss_NN1 who_PNQS hurled_VVD abuse_NN1 at_II me_PPIO1 for_IF my_APPGE deficiencies_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II those_DD2 days_NNT2 I_PPIS1 did_VDD not_XX regard_VVI myself_PPX1 as_II an_AT1 ambitious_JJ fellow_NN1 but_CCB ambition_NN1 did_VDD sometimes_RT drive_VVI me_PPIO1 to_TO respond_VVI to_II an_AT1 unpleasant_JJ situation_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL So_RR I_PPIS1 handed_VVD a_AT1 written_JJ application_NN1 to_II my_APPGE boss_NN1 seeking_VVG an_AT1 early_JJ transfer_NN1 to_II Wellington_NP1 so_CS I_PPIS1 could_VM begin_VVI study_NN1 at_II Victoria_NP1 University_NNL1 College_NN1 as_II an_AT1 internal_JJ student_NN1 ,_, although_CS on_II a_AT1 part-time_JJ basis_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT boss_NN1 reacted_VVD with_IW this_DD1 remark_NN1 ,_, *"_" ^_NULL That_DD1 's_VBZ not_XX your_APPGE reason_NN1 *-_- you_PPY 're_VBR wanting_VVG to_TO escape_VVI from_II me_PPIO1 ._. **"_" ^ ^_NULL Although_CS his_APPGE interpretation_NN1 was_VBDZ not_XX far_RR from_II the_AT mark_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 had_VHD to_TO deny_VVI it_PPH1 pro_NN121 forma_NN122 ,_, otherwise_RR I_PPIS1 would_VM have_VHI had_VHN to_TO endure_VVI further_RRR mental_JJ torture_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II the_AT end_NN1 ,_, and_CC early_RR in_II 1927_MC ,_, I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ transferred_VVN to_II the_AT Wellington_NP1 branch_NN1 of_IO the_AT Public_JJ Trust_NNJ Office_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 large_JJ branch_NN1 dominated_VVD by_II an_AT1 emphasis_NN1 on_II method_NN1 and_CC system_NN1 and_CC from_II the_AT angle_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 junior_JJ member_NN1 it_PPH1 was_VBDZ impersonal_JJ ,_, if_CS not_XX a_AT1 little_JJ inhuman_NN1 ,_, in_II its_APPGE relationships_NN2 with_IW staff_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 seemed_VVD to_TO reflect_VVI the_AT outlook_NN1 of_IO several_DA2 of_IO those_DD2 in_II the_AT higher_JJR administration_NN of_IO the_AT department_NNJ ._. ^ ^_NULL On_II one_MC1 occasion_NN1 I_PPIS1 met_VVD Sir_NNB John_NP1 Findlay_NP1 as_CSA he_PPHS1 came_VVD into_II the_AT office_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 remember_VV0 well_RR the_AT courtesy_NN1 of_IO the_AT man_NN1 but_CCB I_PPIS1 then_RT had_VHD little_DA1 inkling_NN1 that_CST a_AT1 day_NNT1 would_VM come_VVI when_RRQ it_PPH1 would_VM be_VBI my_APPGE lot_NN to_TO pore_VVI over_RP his_APPGE policy_NN1 statements_NN2 made_VVD earlier_RRR this_DD1 century_NNT1 on_II matters_NN2 of_IO penal_JJ reform_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 spent_VVD 1929_MC at_II Christchurch_NP1 as_II a_AT1 member_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 full-time_JJ training_NN1 class_NN1 for_IF about_RG 30_MC people_NN who_PNQS were_VBDR selected_VVN from_II various_JJ offices_NN2 of_IO the_AT Public_JJ Trust_NNJ Office_NN1 throughout_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT main_JJ function_NN1 of_IO the_AT department_NNJ was_VBDZ the_AT administration_NN of_IO estates_NN2 of_IO various_JJ kinds_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ called_VVD for_IF a_AT1 knowledge_NN1 of_IO the_AT law_NN1 and_CC practice_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Lectures_NN2 were_VBDR given_VVN daily_RR followed_VVN by_II practical_JJ work_NN1 which_DDQ was_VBDZ supervised_VVN by_II the_AT instructing_JJ staff_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 developed_VVD a_AT1 sounder_JJR understanding_NN1 of_IO what_DDQ the_AT department_NNJ was_VBDZ about_RP and_CC became_VVD more_RRR assured_VVD in_II my_APPGE approach_NN1 to_II the_AT work_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL For_IF me_PPIO1 ,_, the_AT year_NNT1 I_PPIS1 spent_VVD in_II the_AT class_NN1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 satisfying_JJ and_CC happy_JJ experience_NN1 ,_, not_XX least_RRT because_II21 of_II22 the_AT co-operative_JJ spirit_NN1 which_DDQ developed_VVD among_II the_AT trainees_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 left_VVD the_AT class_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 favourable_JJ report_NN1 except_II21 for_II22 the_AT director_NN1 's_VBZ comment_NN1 ,_, *"_" ^_NULL Writing_VVG poor_JJ ._. **"_" ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ also_RR quietly_RR encouraged_VVN by_II the_AT favourable_JJ attitude_NN1 of_IO \_NULL Mr_NNB {_NULL W._NP1 G._NP1 }_NULL Baird_NP1 ,_, at_II that_DD1 time_NNT1 the_AT Controller_NN1 of_IO the_AT Estates_NN2 Administration_NNJ Division_NNJ in_II Head_NN1 Office_NN1 ;_; he_PPHS1 later_RRR became_VVD the_AT Public_JJ Trustee_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ an_AT1 educated_JJ and_CC cultured_JJ person_NN1 who_PNQS had_VHD a_AT1 genuine_JJ interest_NN1 in_II the_AT welfare_NN1 of_IO staff_NN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ posted_VVN to_II the_AT Christchurch_NP1 district_NN1 branch_NN1 of_IO the_AT Public_JJ Trust_NNJ Office_NN1 ,_, then_RT controlled_VVN by_II \_NULL Mr_NNB {_NULL A._NP1 R._NP1 }_NULL Jordan_NP1 with_IW the_AT designation_NN1 of_IO District_NN1 Public_JJ Trustee_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 experience_NN1 I_PPIS1 found_VVD of_IO substantial_JJ value_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL By_II the_AT end_NN1 of_IO 1931_MC ,_, I_PPIS1 had_VHD completed_VVN ,_, on_II a_AT1 part-time_JJ basis_NN1 ,_, the_AT courses_NN2 and_CC examinations_NN2 for_IF the_AT {_NULL LL.B_NN1 }_NULL and_CC {_NULL LL.M_NP }_NULL degrees_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 had_VHD earlier_RRR begun_VVN my_APPGE {_NULL LL.B_NN1 }_NULL course_NN1 at_II Victoria_NP1 University_NNL1 College_NN1 in_II Wellington_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL For_IF a_AT1 long_JJ period_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 had_VHD nurtured_VVN the_AT idea_NN1 of_IO going_VVG overseas_RL to_TO pursue_VVI postgraduate_NN1 study_NN1 and_CC also_RR to_TO see_VVI as_RG much_DA1 of_IO the_AT world_NN1 as_CSA my_APPGE resources_NN2 would_VM permit_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT plan_NN1 was_VBDZ forming_VVG in_II my_APPGE mind_NN1 to_TO travel_VVI in_II the_AT European_JJ summer_NNT1 ,_, and_CC study_NN1 in_II the_AT winter_NNT1 ,_, but_CCB I_PPIS1 would_VM have_VHI to_TO save_VVI funds_NN2 to_TO achieve_VVI this_DD1 objective_NN1 ,_, and_CC it_PPH1 would_VM take_VVI me_PPIO1 some_DD years_NNT2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT meantime_NNT1 ,_, I_PPIS1 had_VHD no_AT wish_NN1 to_TO vegetate_VVI ,_, and_CC I_PPIS1 turned_VVD to_II the_AT {_NULL WEA_NN1 }_NULL for_IF intellectual_JJ stimulation_NN1 *-_- I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ not_XX disappointed_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT economic_JJ recession_NN1 had_VHD hit_VVN hard_RR and_CC human_JJ misery_NN1 was_VBDZ widespread_JJ in_II urban_JJ and_CC rural_JJ areas_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT course_NN1 of_IO my_APPGE day_NNT1 's_GE work_NN1 I_PPIS1 saw_VVD vivid_JJ and_CC distressing_JJ illustrations_NN2 of_IO its_APPGE impact_NN1 and_CC also_RR of_IO the_AT unreasonableness_NN1 ,_, in_II some_DD cases_NN2 ,_, of_IO those_DD2 who_PNQS were_VBDR in_II the_AT seats_NN2 of_IO power_NN1 as_CSA landlords_NN2 or_CC mortgagees_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Social_JJ and_CC economic_JJ policies_NN2 came_VVD under_II fierce_JJ scrutiny_NN1 and_CC growing_JJ criticism_NN1 until_II society_NN 's_GE cauldrons_NN2 boiled_VVN over_RP in_II the_AT serious_JJ riots_NN2 in_II Auckland_NP1 and_CC Wellington_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT {_NULL WEA_NP1 }_NULL provided_VVD lecture_NN1 programmes_NN2 and_CC courses_NN2 on_II a_AT1 wide_JJ variety_NN1 of_IO topics_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, there_EX was_VBDZ a_AT1 course_NN1 in_RR21 public_RR22 speaking_VVG ,_, led_VVN by_II the_AT \_NULL Hon._JJ John_NP1 Rigg_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS had_VHD been_VBN a_AT1 member_NN1 of_IO the_AT Legislative_JJ Council_NNJ and_CC also_RR Deputy_NN1 Speaker_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Rigg_NP1 came_VVD from_II a_AT1 Liberal-Labour_JJ background_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ highly_RR regarded_VVN for_IF his_APPGE impartial_JJ chairmanship_NN1 ,_, and_CC had_VHD a_AT1 quiet_JJ natural_JJ dignity_NN1 which_DDQ was_VBDZ impressive_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Others_NN2 at_II lectures_NN2 and_CC courses_NN2 in_II the_AT 1930s_MC2 included_VVD \_NULL Mr_NNB Lincoln_NP1 Efford_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 prominent_JJ pacifist_NN1 ;_; Miss_NNB Mabel_NP1 Howard_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 trade_NN1 union_NN secretary_NN1 who_PNQS later_RRR became_VVD a_AT1 Cabinet_NNJ Minister_NN1 ;_; \_NULL Mr_NNB {_NULL R._NP1 M._NN1 }_NULL MacFarlane_NP1 ,_, subsequently_RR Mayor_NNB of_IO Christchurch_NP1 ,_, Member_NN1 of_IO Parliament_NNJ and_CC Speaker_NN1 of_IO the_AT House_NN1 ;_; \_NULL Mr_NNB \_NULL J._NP1 Mathison_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 trade_NN1 union_NN secretary_NN1 who_PNQS later_RRR became_VVD a_AT1 Cabinet_NNJ Minister_NN1 ;_; \_NULL Mr_NNB \_NULL W._NP1 Stewart_NP1 ,_, Commissioner_NN1 of_IO Crown_NN1 Lands_NN2 ,_, who_PNQS played_VVD a_AT1 part_NN1 in_II the_AT formation_NN1 of_IO the_AT Public_JJ Administration_NNJ Society_NNJ in_II 1934_MC and_CC later_RRR became_VVD a_AT1 Permanent_JJ Head_NN1 ,_, as_CSA Valuer-General_NN1 ;_; and_CC Miss_NNB Cora_NP1 Wilding_NP1 ,_, an_AT1 educated_JJ and_CC cultured_JJ person_NN1 who_PNQS ,_, in_II the_AT early_JJ 1930s_MC2 ,_, had_VHD taken_VVN the_AT steps_NN2 which_DDQ led_VVD to_II the_AT establishment_NN in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 of_IO children_NN2 's_GE health_NN1 camps_NN2 and_CC the_AT youth_NN1 hostel_NN1 system_NN1 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 212+TEXT+G25_FO **]_NULL ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Childhood_NN1 *>_NULL ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Evelyn_NP1 Margaret_NP1 Polson_NP1 was_VBDZ born_VVN in_II Christchurch_NP1 on_II 23_MC April_NPM1 1899_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 was_VBDZ the_AT youngest_JJT by_II eleven_MC years_NNT2 of_IO a_AT1 family_NN of_IO seven_MC ,_, so_RG much_RR younger_JJR that_CST she_PPHS1 felt_VVD she_PPHS1 owed_VVD her_APPGE upbringing_NN1 to_II her_APPGE sister_NN1 ,_, Winifred_NP1 ,_, twenty-one_MC years_NNT2 her_APPGE senior_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 described_VVD her_APPGE parents_NN2 as_II Victorians_NN2 ;_; upright_RL ,_, devoted_JJ and_CC intensely_RR private_JJ people_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL Her_APPGE mother_NN1 ,_, Mary_NP1 Elizabeth_NP1 Renshaw_NP1 ,_, born_VVN in_II the_AT north_ND1 of_IO England_NP1 ,_, had_VHD come_VVN with_IW her_APPGE parents_NN2 to_II Dunedin_NP1 as_II a_AT1 young_JJ woman_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL John_NP1 Sutherland_NP1 Polson_NP1 ,_, Evelyn_NP1 's_GE father_NN1 ,_, had_VHD been_VBN born_VVN in_II 1851_MC ,_, near_II Peebles_NP1 in_II the_AT Highlands_NP1 of_IO Scotland_NP1 and_CC had_VHD emigrated_VVN as_II a_AT1 child_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 had_VHD married_VVN Elizabeth_NP1 Renshaw_NP1 in_II 1877_MC and_CC moved_VVN to_II Christchurch_NP1 where_RRQ he_PPHS1 became_VVD clerk_NN1 in_II31 charge_II32 of_II33 accounts_NN2 ,_, and_CC later_JJR manager_NN1 ,_, of_IO the_AT Suckling_NP1 brothers_NN2 boot_VV0 and_CC leather_NN1 factory_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Suckling_NP1 brothers_NN2 were_VBDR Open_JJ Brethren_NN2 :_: John_NP1 and_CC Elizabeth_NP1 Polson_NP1 joined_VVD that_DD1 community_NNJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Old_JJ John_NP1 Suckling_NP1 and_CC his_APPGE brother_NN1 had_VHD ,_, to_TO quote_VVI his_APPGE daughter_NN1 ,_, **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT house_NN1 where_RRQ Evelyn_NP1 grew_VVD up_RP was_VBDZ a_AT1 square_JJ villa_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 central_JJ passage_NN1 extending_VVG from_II a_AT1 wide_JJ front_JJ verandah_NN1 to_II a_AT1 big_JJ kitchen_NN1 across_II the_AT back_NN1 of_IO the_AT house_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ surrounded_VVN by_II a_AT1 garden_NN1 made_VVD memorable_JJ by_II a_AT1 big_JJ mulberry_NN1 tree_NN1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL John_NP1 Polson_NP1 and_CC his_APPGE wife_NN1 had_VHD been_VBN in_II their_APPGE early_JJ forties_MC2 when_RRQ their_APPGE youngest_JJT child_NN1 was_VBDZ born_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 was_VBDZ their_APPGE delight_NN1 and_CC grew_VVD up_RP with_IW the_AT full_JJ attention_NN1 of_IO her_APPGE whitehaired_JJ parents_NN2 *-_- her_APPGE school_NN1 friends_NN2 thought_VVD they_PPHS2 were_VBDR her_APPGE grandparents_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Her_APPGE father_NN1 would_VM take_VVI her_PPHO1 long_RR walks_VVZ from_II Sydenham_NP1 to_II Port_NNL1 Levy_NP on_II a_AT1 Saturday_NPD1 afternoon_NNT1 ,_, pointing_VVG out_RP the_AT seabirds_NN2 and_CC naming_VVG the_AT native_JJ plants_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL *'_" Both_DB2 of_IO them_PPHO2 emphasised_VVD to_II me_PPIO1 so_RG many_DA2 things_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 felt_VVD I_PPIS1 had_VHD been_VBN over-brought_VVN up_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 went_VVD to_II the_AT other_JJ extreme_NN1 with_IW my_APPGE children_NN2 ._. ^ **'_" |_NULL ^_NULL Although_CS she_PPHS1 had_VHD six_MC siblings_NN2 Evelyn_NP1 really_RR knew_VVD only_RR her_APPGE sisters_NN2 since_CS her_APPGE two_MC brothers_NN2 left_VVD home_RL soon_RR after_CS she_PPHS1 began_VVD school_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL All_DB four_MC girls_NN2 were_VBDR encouraged_VVN to_TO study_VVI music_NN1 and_CC painting_NN1 by_II parents_NN2 who_PNQS themselves_PPX2 had_VHD talent_NN1 but_CCB little_DA1 training_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Her_APPGE sisters_NN2 Caroline_NP1 and_CC Alice_NP1 were_VBDR both_DB2 students_NN2 at_II the_AT Canterbury_NP1 College_NNL1 School_NN1 of_IO Art_NN1 when_RRQ Alfred_NP1 Walsh_NP1 and_CC Sydney_NP1 Thompson_NP1 were_VBDR on_II the_AT staff_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL Neither_RR continued_VVN to_TO paint_VVI seriously_RR although_CS Caroline_NP1 would_VM occasionally_RR paint_VVI a_AT1 watercolour_NN1 landscape_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Alice_NP1 went_VVD from_II Canterbury_NP1 to_II three_MC years_NNT2 study_NN1 in_II Rome_NP1 ,_, Florence_NP1 and_CC Milan_NP1 ,_, but_CCB completely_RR gave_VVD up_RP painting_VVG when_RRQ she_PPHS1 married_VVD ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Evelyn_NP1 ,_, encouraged_VVN by_II her_APPGE older_JJR sisters_NN2 ,_, learned_VVD to_TO read_VVI both_DB2 words_NN2 and_CC music_NN1 and_CC to_TO draw_VVI before_CS she_PPHS1 went_VVD to_II Sydenham_NP1 School_NNL1 in_II 1906_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II 1908_MC she_PPHS1 began_VVD piano_NN1 lessons_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 pre-school_JJ photograph_NN1 already_RR shows_VVZ a_AT1 startling_JJ maturity_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL An_AT1 observant_NN1 ,_, direct_JJ ,_, strong-willed_JJ and_CC beautiful_JJ child_NN1 ,_, she_PPHS1 was_VBDZ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL understandably_RR the_AT centre_NN1 of_IO attention_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *'_" The_AT whole_JJ family_NN hung_VVD about_RP and_CC egged_VVD me_PPIO1 on_RP towards_II art_NN1 school_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL As_II a_AT1 great_JJ treat_NN1 I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ allowed_VVN to_TO paint_VVI on_II cardboard_NN1 with_IW the_AT remains_NN2 of_IO oil_NN1 paint_NN1 on_II Caroline_NP1 's_GE palette_NN1 ._. ^ **'_" **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL *<_NULL *4_NULL First_MD Decade_NNT1 *>_NULL ^ *<_NULL *0_NULL Training_NN1 *>_NULL ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Because_CS her_APPGE father_NN1 was_VBDZ the_AT subject_NN1 of_IO her_APPGE admiration_NN1 ,_, Evelyn_NP1 early_RR expressed_VVD her_APPGE intention_NN1 to_TO learn_VVI book-keeping_NN1 and_CC shorthand_NN1 to_TO *'_" help_VVI **'_" him_PPHO1 in_II his_APPGE business_NN1 and_CC insisted_VVD on_II being_VBG sent_VVN to_II the_AT Christchurch_NP1 Technical_JJ School_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL However_RRQV the_AT reality_NN1 of_IO that_DD1 did_VDD not_XX interest_VVI her_APPGE and_CC in_II 1915_MC she_PPHS1 commenced_VVD classes_NN2 at_II the_AT Canterbury_NP1 College_NNL1 School_NN1 of_IO Art_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ possible_JJ to_TO go_VVI there_RL on_II proficiency_NN1 and_CC take_VVI a_AT1 course_NN1 combining_VVG art_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 general_JJ secondary_JJ education_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX were_VBDR about_RG a_AT1 dozen_NNO junior_JJ pupils_NN2 taught_VVN by_II staff_NN from_II the_AT university_NN1 and_CC the_AT School_NN1 of_IO Art_NN1 staff_NN each_DD1 gave_VVD them_PPHO2 a_AT1 morning_NNT1 or_CC afternoon_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Richard_NP1 Wallwork_NP1 was_VBDZ the_AT life_NN1 master_NN1 ,_, Cecil_NP1 Kelly_NP1 took_VVD them_PPHO2 sketching_VVG or_CC set_VVD up_RP still_RR life_NN1 and_CC Leonard_NP1 Booth_NP1 taught_VVD drawing_VVG from_II the_AT antique_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 attended_VVD the_AT School_NN1 of_IO Art_NN1 from_II 1915-1922_MCMC ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Herdman-Smith_NP1 was_VBDZ the_AT Director_NN1 until_II 1918_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL To_II teenage_JJ Evelyn_NP1 he_PPHS1 appeared_VVD *'_" a_AT1 bit_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 phoney_NN1 *-_- used_VMK to_TO wear_VVI black_JJ velvet_NN1 jackets_NN2 and_CC cravats_NN2 ,_, and_CC white_JJ silk_NN1 shirts_NN2 with_IW flowing_VVG sleeves_NN2 ._. ^ **'_" ^_NULL She_PPHS1 has_VHZ some_DD memories_NN2 of_IO the_AT shock_NN1 art_NN1 school_NN1 gave_VVD her_PPHO1 ,_, coming_VVG as_CSA she_PPHS1 did_VDD from_II a_AT1 prim_JJ Victorian_JJ home_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL On_II her_APPGE first_MD day_NNT1 she_PPHS1 was_VBDZ sent_VVN to_II the_AT life-class_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT nude_JJ model_NN1 was_VBDZ male_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 was_VBDZ told_VVN to_TO get_VVI herself_PPX1 a_AT1 donkey_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Why_RRQ on_II earth_NN1 would_VM she_PPHS1 need_VVI a_AT1 donkey_NN1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 was_VBDZ given_VVN a_AT1 wooden_JJ contraption_NN1 to_TO sit_VVI astride_RL and_CC rest_VVI her_APPGE **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL paper_NN1 on_RP ,_, and_CC set_VVD to_TO work_VVI on_II a_AT1 large_JJ drawing_NN1 which_DDQ reached_VVD the_AT privates_NN2 and_CC the_AT bottom_NN1 of_IO the_AT page_NN1 simultaneously_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 turned_VVD her_APPGE paper_NN1 over_RP and_CC went_VVD on_RP ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Outside_II the_AT life-class_JJ she_PPHS1 was_VBDZ hailed_VVN by_II an_AT1 older_JJR girl_NN1 who_PNQS paused_VVD in_II her_APPGE rush_NN1 downstairs_RL to_TO cry_VVI ^_NULL *'_" Well_RR met_VVN by_II moonlight_NN1 !_! ^ **'_" ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ Ngaio_NP1 Marsh_NP1 ,_, later_RRR distinguished_VVN for_IF her_APPGE theatre_NN1 productions_NN2 and_CC detective_NN1 fiction_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL That_DD1 encounter_NN1 was_VBDZ the_AT beginning_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 long_JJ friendship_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II her_APPGE five_MC years_NNT2 at_II the_AT School_NN1 of_IO Art_NP1 Evelyn_NP1 Polson_NP1 lived_VVD *'_" a_AT1 very_RG orderly_JJ life_NN1 **'_" at_II home_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 walked_VVD from_II Sydenham_NP1 to_II the_AT School_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 read_VVD novels_NN2 ,_, *'_" was_VBDZ transported_VVN by_II them_PPHO2 **'_" ,_, by_II Tolstoy_NP1 's_GE *1_NULL War_NN1 and_CC Peace_NN1 *0_NULL and_CC *1_NULL Anna_NP1 Karenina_NP1 ,_, *0_NULL by_II Dickens_NP1 's_GE *1_NULL Bleak_JJ House_NN1 ,_, *0_NULL by_II Henry_NP1 James_NP1 and_CC Edith_NP1 Wharton_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Her_APPGE parents_NN2 '_GE interests_NN2 reinforced_VVD her_APPGE own_DA ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 subscribed_VVD to_II the_AT English_JJ art_NN1 periodical_NN1 *1_NULL The_AT Studio_NN1 *0_NULL and_CC each_DD1 year_NNT1 received_VVD the_AT Royal_JJ Academy_NN1 catalogue_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Since_CS students_NN2 came_VVD and_CC went_VVD ,_, her_APPGE friends_NN2 varied_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL Margaret_NP1 Anderson_NP1 ,_, Ceridwen_NP1 Thornton_NP1 ,_, Ngaio_NP1 Marsh_NP1 and_CC Viola_NP1 Macmillan_NP1 Brown_NP1 remained_VVD close_JJ friends_NN2 for_IF life_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 more_RGR flexible_JJ group_NN included_VVD James_NP1 Courage_NP1 ,_, Rhona_NP1 Haszard_NP1 ,_, Ronald_NP1 McKenzie_NP1 ,_, James_NP1 and_CC Alfred_NP1 Cook_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Later_RRR John_NP1 Weeks_NP1 returned_VVD from_II the_AT war_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *'_" He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ great_JJ fun_NN1 in_II the_AT life-class_JJ ._. ^ **'_" |_NULL ^_NULL Olivia_NP1 Spencer_NP1 Bower_NP1 did_VDD not_XX become_VVI a_AT1 student_NN1 until_CS Evelyn_NP1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 senior_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Some_DD students_NN2 returning_VVG from_II study_NN1 in_II Edinburgh_NP1 ,_, London_NP1 or_CC Paris_NP1 ,_, talked_VVN of_IO Ce_NP1 *?_NULL 2zanne_FO ,_, Gauguin_NP1 ,_, van_NP1 Gogh_NP1 ,_, Lhote_NP1 ,_, but_CCB visual_JJ stimulus_NN1 was_VBDZ more_RGR English_JJ than_CSN European_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Her_APPGE teachers_NN2 were_VBDR either_RR English_JJ or_CC graduates_VVZ from_II Canterbury_NP1 who_PNQS had_VHD studied_VVN in_II England_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 directed_VVD their_APPGE students_NN2 to_II *1_NULL The_AT Studio_NN1 *0_NULL and_CC reproductions_NN2 of_IO Augustus_NP1 John_NP1 ,_, not_XX to_II the_AT Cubists_NN2 or_CC copies_NN2 of_IO *1_NULL Blast_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ usual_JJ for_IF young_JJ students_NN2 to_TO be_VBI set_VVN to_TO draw_VVI from_II the_AT antique_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 year_NNT1 before_II being_VBG allowed_VVN to_TO draw_VVI from_II a_AT1 live_JJ model_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL However_RR ,_, Evelyn_NP1 Polson_NP1 's_GE ability_NN1 was_VBDZ so_RG striking_JJ that_CST she_PPHS1 was_VBDZ sent_VVN to_II life_NN1 drawing_VVG on_II her_APPGE first_MD day_NNT1 ,_, while_CS ,_, as_RR21 well_RR22 ,_, undergoing_VVG the_AT strict_JJ training_NN1 of_IO antique_JJ drawing_NN1 with_IW Leonard_NP1 Booth_NP1 ,_, not_XX for_IF one_MC1 year_NNT1 but_CCB for_IF five_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 was_VBDZ made_VVN to_TO work_VVI meticulously_RR in_II charcoal_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Looking_VVG back_RP she_PPHS1 views_VVZ the_AT exercise_NN1 as_CSA having_VHG taught_VVN her_PPHO1 to_TO make_VVI *'_" frighteningly_RR accurate_JJ photographs_NN2 in_II pencil_NN1 ._. ^ **'_" ^_NULL When_CS she_PPHS1 herself_PPX1 had_VHD to_TO teach_VVI drawing_VVG from_II the_AT antique_NN1 she_PPHS1 realised_VVD that_CST she_PPHS1 hated_VVD *'_" that_DD1 sort_NN1 of_IO vision_NN1 which_DDQ had_VHD nothing_PN1 to_TO do_VDI with_IW real_JJ painting_NN1 ._. ^ **'_" ^_NULL She_PPHS1 saw_VVD it_PPH1 as_CSA reinforcing_VVG an_AT1 outmoded_JJ nineteenth_MD century_NNT1 tradition_NN1 and_CC dearly_RR wished_VVD that_CST she_PPHS1 could_VM have_VHI discouraged_VVN the_AT gifted_JJ William_NP1 Sutton_NP1 when_RRQ he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ her_APPGE student_NN1 from_II working_VVG so_RG skilfully_RR in_II that_DD1 manner_NN1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT artist_NN1 ,_, at_II eighty_MC ,_, may_VM perhaps_RR have_VHI predated_VVN her_APPGE interest_NN1 in_II pure_JJ colour_NN1 when_RRQ she_PPHS1 added_VVD ,_, *'_" from_II that_DD1 remark_NN1 a_AT1 whole_JJ world_NN1 had_VHD opened_VVN up_RP ._. ^ **'_" ^_NULL In_II fact_NN1 ,_, pure_JJ colour_NN1 was_VBDZ little_RR evident_JJ in_II her_APPGE work_NN1 before_II her_APPGE first_MD trip_NN1 to_II Europe_NP1 in_II 1937_MC ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Instead_RR ,_, by_II 1921_MC ,_, the_AT quality_NN1 of_IO two_MC self_NN1 portraits_NN2 shows_VVZ a_AT1 painterly_JJ understanding_NN1 of_IO the_AT niceties_NN2 of_IO tone_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 was_VBDZ ready_JJ to_TO begin_VVI her_APPGE own_DA career_NN1 as_II a_AT1 painter_NN1 with_IW strong_JJ ,_, well-composed_JJ ,_, freely_RR painted_JJ landscapes_NN2 in_II the_AT best_JJT manner_NN1 of_IO the_AT Canterbury_NP1 School_NNL1 training_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Their_APPGE colour_NN1 was_VBDZ pleasing_JJ but_CCB not_XX adventurous_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II March_NPM1 1922_MC Evelyn_NP1 Polson_NP1 was_VBDZ elected_VVN a_AT1 working_JJ member_NN1 of_IO the_AT Canterbury_NP1 Society_NNJ of_IO Arts_NN2 (_( {_NULL CSA_NP1 }_NULL )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL That_DD1 year_NNT1 she_PPHS1 also_RR exhibited_VVD in_II Wellington_NP1 at_II the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 Academy_NN1 of_IO Fine_JJ Arts_NN2 (_( {_NULL NZAFA_NP1 }_NULL )_) and_CC the_AT **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL Otago_NP1 Society_NNJ of_IO Arts_NN2 (_( {_NULL OSA_NP1 }_NULL )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II 1923_MC she_PPHS1 sent_VVD work_NN1 to_II the_AT Auckland_NP1 Society_NNJ of_IO Arts_NN2 (_( {_NULL ASA_NP1 }_NULL )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL That_REX21 is_REX22 ,_, she_PPHS1 established_VVD a_AT1 professional_JJ circuit_NN1 ,_, contributing_VVG to_II an_AT1 art_NN1 society_NN exhibition_NN1 in_II each_DD1 of_IO the_AT four_MC main_JJ centres_NN2 over_II most_DAT of_IO the_AT following_JJ ten_MC years_NNT2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT 1920s_MC2 there_EX was_VBDZ little_RR other_JJ exhibition_NN1 space_NN1 ,_, though_CS some_DD artists_NN2 '_GE supply_NN1 shops_NN2 did_VDD show_VVI work_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT only_JJ way_NN1 a_AT1 painter_NN1 could_VM make_VVI a_AT1 modest_JJ contribution_NN1 to_II a_AT1 living_NN1 was_VBDZ through_II the_AT art_NN1 societies_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Some_DD of_IO Evelyn_NP1 Polson_NP1 's_GE paintings_NN2 did_VDD the_AT rounds_NN2 ,_, others_NN2 dropped_VVD out_RP and_CC were_VBDR replaced_VVN ,_, presumably_RR as_CSA work_NN1 was_VBDZ sold_VVN for_IF four_MC or_CC five_MC guineas_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Another_DD1 pattern_NN1 she_PPHS1 established_VVD was_VBDZ a_AT1 painting_NN1 holiday_NN1 each_DD1 January_NPM1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II 1923_MC Eve_NP1 stayed_VVD with_IW friends_NN2 of_IO her_APPGE sister_NN1 Caroline_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 Highland_NN1 family_NN called_VVN Stewart_NP1 ,_, whose_DDQGE farm_NN1 *1_NULL Glenkenich_NP1 *0_NULL near_II Tapanui_JJ figures_NN2 in_II her_APPGE work_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II Christchurch_NP1 she_PPHS1 did_VDD etching_NN1 with_IW Cora_NP1 Wilding_NP1 and_CC they_PPHS2 went_VVD out_RP painting_VVG together_RL ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 huge_JJ medlar_NN1 tree_NN1 in_II the_AT grounds_NN2 of_IO an_AT1 old_JJ men_NN2 's_VBZ home_RL at_II Sydenham_NP1 was_VBDZ the_AT subject_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 deeply_RR bitten_VVN etching_VVG for_IF which_DDQ the_AT copper-plate_NN1 is_VBZ still_RR in_II good_JJ condition_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Evelyn_NP1 Polson_NP1 would_VM have_VHI been_VBN one_MC1 of_IO the_AT *'_" large_JJ number_NN1 of_IO appreciators_NN2 of_IO painting_NN1 **'_" to_TO attend_VVI an_AT1 exhibition_NN1 by_II Sydney_NP1 Thompson_NP1 in_II 1923_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL Reviewers_NN2 were_VBDR delighted_JJ with_IW the_AT native_JJ son_NN1 returning_VVG after_II twelve_MC years_NNT2 spent_VVD working_VVG in_II France_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 reported_VVD the_AT colonist_NN1 's_GE ultimate_JJ accolade_NN1 ,_, that_CST *'_" his_APPGE pictures_NN2 were_VBDR to_TO be_VBI found_VVN in_II many_DA2 European_JJ galleries_NN2 ,_, and_CC in_RR21 private_RR22 collections_NN2 in_II all_DB parts_NN2 of_IO the_AT world_NN1 ._. ^ **'_" ^_NULL And_CC they_PPHS2 suggested_VVD that_CST he_PPHS1 had_VHD assimilated_VVN **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Thompson_NP1 was_VBDZ lionised_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL \_NULL Mrs_NNB Beswick_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 passionate_JJ admirer_NN1 ,_, arranged_VVN for_IF him_PPHO1 to_TO give_VVI private_JJ lessons_NN2 in_II her_APPGE garden_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Evelyn_NP1 Polson_NP1 went_VVD ,_, but_CCB briefly_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 referred_VVD to_II her_PPHO1 as_CSA *'_" his_APPGE best_JJT pupil_NN1 **'_" but_CCB her_APPGE memory_NN1 is_VBZ of_IO being_VBG *'_" sick_JJ to_II death_NN1 with_IW old_JJ Syd_NP1 's_GE almond_NN1 tree_NN1 ;_; he_PPHS1 peppered_VVD the_AT country_NN1 with_IW it_PPH1 ._. ^ **'_" ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ likely_JJ that_CST the_AT artist_NN1 has_VHZ not_XX wished_VVN to_TO recall_VVI any_DD indebtedness_NN1 to_II Thompson_NP1 ,_, although_CS her_APPGE portrait_NN1 of_IO Lincoln_NP1 Kearne_NP1 ,_, painted_VVN outside_RL in_II the_AT summer_NNT1 of_IO 1924-25_MCMC ,_, shows_VVZ a_AT1 more_RGR direct_JJ use_NN1 of_IO pure_JJ colour_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 freer_JJR brushstroke_NN1 than_CSN earlier_JJR portraits_NN2 which_DDQ makes_VVZ it_PPH1 nearer_RRR in_II style_NN1 to_II Sydney_NP1 Thompson_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL What_DDQ work_NN1 of_IO her_APPGE contemporaries_NN2 had_VHD impressed_VVN her_PPHO1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 remembers_VVZ being_NN1 *'_" bowled_VVD over_RP **'_" by_II one_MC1 outstanding_JJ painting_NN1 ,_, the_AT view_NN1 through_II an_AT1 old_JJ tram_NN1 barn_NN1 ,_, by_II Rhona_NP1 Haszard_NP1 in_II her_APPGE final_JJ year_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ unlike_II any_DD other_JJ work_NN1 she_PPHS1 had_VHD seen_VVN in_II the_AT School_NN1 of_IO Art_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 also_RR found_VVD distinctive_JJ the_AT paintings_NN2 done_VDN by_II Viola_NP1 Macmillan_NP1 Brown_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 were_VBDR *'_" a_RR21 bit_RR22 like_II the_AT pre-Raphaelites_NN2 but_CCB more_RGR poetic_JJ *-_- a_AT1 vision_NN1 seen_VVN behind_II a_AT1 veil_NN1 ._. ^ **'_" ^_NULL And_CC Ceridwen_NP1 Thornton_NP1 ,_, *'_" extremely_RR tall_JJ like_II a_AT1 beautiful_JJ Matisse_NP1 head_NN1 with_IW clear_JJ features_NN2 outlined_VVD in_II black_JJ ,_, was_VBDZ a_AT1 very_RG good_JJ painter_NN1 with_IW her_APPGE own_DA style_NN1 and_CC technique_NN1 and_CC lovely_JJ colour_NN1 schemes_NN2 ._. ^ **'_" |_NULL ^_NULL In_II January_NPM1 1924_MC Evelyn_NP1 and_CC Ceridwen_NP1 Thornton_NP1 walked_VVD from_II Westport_NP1 to_II Karamea_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 could_VM not_XX carry_VVI painting_NN1 gear_NN1 as_CC31 well_CC32 as_CC33 their_APPGE packs_NN2 ,_, but_CCB their_APPGE primary_JJ purpose_NN1 was_VBDZ to_TO get_VVI to_TO know_VVI the_AT landscape_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 were_VBDR made_VVN welcome_JJ in_II Karamea_NP1 and_CC stayed_VVN with_IW a_AT1 kind_JJ couple_NN1 who_PNQS ran_VVD the_AT local_JJ store_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Back_RP in_II Christchurch_NP1 she_PPHS1 worked_VVD on_II the_AT vigorous_JJ portrait_NN1 of_IO Lincoln_NP1 Kearne_NP1 ,_, the_AT father_NN1 of_IO her_APPGE friend_NN1 Dorothy_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ an_AT1 orchardist_NN1 ,_, tall_JJ ,_, handsome_JJ and_CC greatly_RR admired_VVD by_II Evelyn_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 also_RR did_VDD commissioned_JJ portraits_NN2 of_IO an_AT1 old_JJ family_NN friend_NN1 ,_, Myrtle_NP1 Hamilton_NP1 ,_, and_CC of_IO Prudence_NP1 Pottinger_NP1 ,_, the_AT small_JJ daughter_NN1 of_IO another_DD1 friend_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Later_RRR that_DD1 summer_NNT1 ,_, or_CC early_JJ spring_NN1 ,_, she_PPHS1 painted_VVD at_II Arthur_NP1 's_GE Pass_NN1 and_CC Otira_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL She_PPHS1 had_VHD maintained_VVN her_APPGE double_JJ interest_NN1 in_II music_NN1 and_CC painting_NN1 but_CCB at_II this_DD1 time_NNT1 it_PPH1 was_VBDZ weighted_VVN towards_II music_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II 1923_MC she_PPHS1 had_VHD begun_VVN to_TO study_VVI the_AT piano_NN1 with_IW Ernest_NP1 Empson_NP1 who_PNQS was_VBDZ a_AT1 key_JJ figure_NN1 in_II the_AT musical_JJ life_NN1 of_IO Christchurch_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Ernest_NP1 Empson_NP1 (_( 1880-1970_MCMC )_) had_VHD been_VBN encouraged_VVN by_II Sydney_NP1 Thompson_NP1 's_GE mother_NN1 to_TO make_VVI music_NN1 his_APPGE profession_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 pupil_NN1 of_IO Godowsky_NP1 in_II Europe_NP1 and_CC on_II his_APPGE return_NN1 taught_VVD almost_RR every_AT1 New_NP Zealand_NP1 pianist_NN1 of_IO note_NN1 at_II some_DD stage_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE careers_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Evelyn_NP1 spent_VVD hours_NNT2 a_AT1 day_NNT1 practising_VVG ._. ^ ^_NULL Another_DD1 reason_NN1 for_IF her_APPGE lessened_JJ output_NN1 of_IO paintings_NN2 would_VM have_VHI been_VBN the_AT increasing_JJ ill-health_NN1 of_IO her_APPGE mother_NN1 ,_, who_PNQS died_VVD in_II August_NPM1 1926_MC ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL So_RR ,_, at_II the_AT end_NN1 of_IO her_APPGE first_MD decade_NNT1 as_II a_AT1 painter_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 see_VV0 an_AT1 individual_NN1 ,_, vigorous_JJ talent_NN1 ,_, already_RR recognised_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 woman_NN1 of_IO twenty-six_MC ,_, economically_RR dependent_JJ ,_, living_VVG at_II home_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 youngest_JJT child_NN1 who_PNQS passionately_RR loved_VVD her_APPGE father_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 daughter_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 sense_NN1 of_IO obligation_NN1 to_II old_JJ parents_NN2 ,_, who_PNQS was_VBDZ also_RR an_AT1 adult_NN1 with_IW freedom_NN1 to_TO pursue_VVI her_APPGE own_DA life_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL If_CS she_PPHS1 had_VHD affairs_NN2 of_IO the_AT heart_NN1 she_PPHS1 kept_VVD her_APPGE own_DA counsel_NN1 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 213+TEXT+G26_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL We_PPIS2 approached_VVD our_APPGE physical_JJ conditioning_NN1 by_II holding_VVG two_MC pre-tour_JJ camps_NN2 directed_VVN by_II Hugh_NP1 Lawrence_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 engaged_VVD a_AT1 doctor_NN1 who_PNQS had_VHD travelled_VVN in_II the_AT area_NN1 and_CC who_PNQS knew_VVD the_AT team_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL Murray_NP1 Chapple_NP1 ,_, the_AT 1976_MC team_NN manager_NN1 ,_, spoke_VVD at_RR21 length_RR22 to_II us_PPIO2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Lance_NN1 Cairns_NN2 told_VVD us_PPIO2 of_IO his_APPGE player_NN1 experiences_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Food_NN1 packs_NN2 were_VBDR prepared_VVN through_II sponsorship_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Freight_NP1 handling_NN1 was_VBDZ arranged_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL Beer_NN1 and_CC long-life_JJ milk_NN1 were_VBDR included_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL Philips_NP1 arranged_VVD a_AT1 video_JJ player_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 series_NN of_IO tapes_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Foreign_JJ Affairs_NN2 provided_VVD an_AT1 expert_NN1 in_II political_JJ and_CC cultural_JJ information_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 drive_NN1 to_TO seek_VVI knowledge_NN1 about_II the_AT conditions_NN2 and_CC prepare_VVI ourselves_PPX2 provided_VVN an_AT1 environment_NN1 of_IO readiness_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL With_IW Howarth_NP1 and_CC Hadlee_NP1 unavailable_JJ ,_, the_AT fifth_MD tour_NN1 of_IO Pakistan_NP1 by_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 was_VBDZ always_RR going_VVGK to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 difficult_JJ one_PN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL My_APPGE job_NN1 as_II captain_NN1 was_VBDZ first_MD to_TO build_VVI confidence_NN1 that_CST the_AT task_NN1 was_VBDZ not_XX beyond_II us_PPIO2 and_CC we_PPIS2 were_VBDR not_XX setting_VVG off_RP on_II a_AT1 mission_NN1 doomed_VVN to_II failure_NN1 before_CS we_PPIS2 started_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT secret_NN1 of_IO success_NN1 lay_VVD in_II our_APPGE batting_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 had_VHD to_TO bat_VVI and_CC bat_NN1 and_CC bat_NN1 ,_, and_CC if_CSW this_DD1 could_VM be_VBI achieved_VVN I_PPIS1 knew_VVD we_PPIS2 would_VM manage_VVI at_RR21 least_RR22 one_MC1 victory_NN1 in_II Pakistan_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ my_APPGE first_MD tour_NN1 as_II captain_NN1 ,_, and_CC despite_II the_AT intention_NN1 for_IF the_AT mantle_NN1 of_IO captaincy_NN1 to_TO remain_VVI as_CSA my_APPGE servant_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 did_VDD n't_XX work_VVI out_RP that_DD1 way_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 's_VBZ similar_JJ to_II keeping_VVG a_AT1 balance_NN1 between_II on-field_NN1 and_CC off-field_JJ activities_NN2 on_II a_AT1 tour_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT ideas_NN2 are_VBR simple_JJ ,_, but_CCB putting_VVG them_PPHO2 into_II practice_NN1 and_CC living_VVG them_PPHO2 daily_RR is_VBZ the_AT difficult_JJ bit_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT change_NN1 of_IO role_NN1 and_CC necessary_JJ withdrawal_NN1 to_TO maintain_VVI a_AT1 distance_NN1 settled_VVD uneasily_RR ,_, and_CC due_II21 to_II22 my_APPGE own_DA performance_NN1 which_DDQ was_VBDZ the_AT worst_JJT of_IO my_APPGE career_NN1 and_CC the_AT frustrations_NN2 of_IO the_AT umpiring_NN1 which_DDQ we_PPIS2 could_VM n't_XX influence_VVI ,_, I_PPIS1 became_VVD introspective_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT dilemma_NN1 was_VBDZ how_RRQ to_TO meet_VVI the_AT needs_NN2 of_IO the_AT team_NN by_II injecting_VVG levels_NN2 of_IO confidence_NN1 and_CC enthusiasm_NN1 while_CS simultaneously_RR feeling_VVG doubtful_JJ and_CC uncertain_JJ within_II myself_PPX1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL On_II the_AT field_NN1 I_PPIS1 found_VVD I_PPIS1 vacillated_VVD from_II periods_NN2 of_IO confidence_NN1 in_II my_APPGE decisions_NN2 to_TO quiet_VVI brooding_VVG *-_- hesitant_JJ to_TO follow_VVI my_APPGE intuition_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL During_II these_DD2 moments_NN2 ,_, I_PPIS1 sought_VVD consensus_NN1 captaincy_NN1 by_II approaching_VVG other_JJ players_NN2 and_CC asking_VVG them_PPHO2 their_APPGE thoughts_NN2 ,_, hoping_VVG they_PPHS2 would_VM confirm_VVI my_APPGE strategies_NN2 and_CC thus_RR rekindle_VV0 my_APPGE optimism_NN1 and_CC buoyancy_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 's_VBZ all_RR21 right_RR22 to_TO ask_VVI ,_, but_CCB know_VV0 the_AT reasons_NN2 for_IF the_AT questions_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL These_DD2 ones_NN2 were_VBDR for_IF me_PPIO1 rather_CS21 than_CS22 for_IF us_PPIO2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Beneath_RL ,_, I_PPIS1 felt_VVD this_DD1 was_VBDZ not_XX good_JJ for_IF the_AT respect_NN1 of_IO the_AT position_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 justified_VVD it_PPH1 on_II the_AT grounds_NN2 of_IO communication_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 also_RR created_VVD the_AT impression_NN1 of_IO unreliability_NN1 and_CC inconsistency_NN1 which_DDQ undermines_VVZ confidence_NN1 in_II a_AT1 leader_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Upon_II my_APPGE return_NN1 to_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 ,_, I_PPIS1 told_VVD the_AT selectors_NN2 that_CST if_CS they_PPHS2 wanted_VVD Geoff_NP1 Howarth_NP1 to_TO play_VVI in_II the_AT home_NN1 series_NN then_RT he_PPHS1 must_VM be_VBI captain_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 wanted_VVD time_NNT1 to_TO reassess_VVI myself_PPX1 and_CC regain_VVI my_APPGE performance_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 had_VHD taken_VVN some_DD time_NNT1 to_TO adjust_VVI to_II the_AT new_JJ position_NN1 and_CC despite_II knowing_VVG I_PPIS1 could_VM cope_VVI with_IW the_AT additional_JJ requirements_NN2 ,_, I_PPIS1 felt_VVD deeply_RR frustrated_VVD with_IW the_AT results_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ n't_XX the_AT losses_NN2 ;_; it_PPH1 was_VBDZ my_APPGE handling_NN1 of_IO myself_PPX1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT first_MD week_NNT1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 busy_JJ one_PN1 dominated_VVD by_II packing_NN1 and_CC unpacking_VVG ,_, buses_NN2 ,_, airport_NN1 terminals_NN2 and_CC immigration_NN1 procedures_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 'd_VHD travelled_VVN many_DA2 kilometres_NNU2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Last_MD night_NNT1 we_PPIS2 set_VV0 off_RP to_TO increase_VVI this_DD1 distance_NN1 by_II a_AT1 mere_JJ 20_MC \_NULL km_NNU ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 were_VBDR probably_RR some_DD of_IO the_AT most_RGT eventful_JJ we_PPIS2 've_VH0 had_VHN ._. ^ ^_NULL Our_APPGE two_MC small_JJ buses_NN2 made_VVD their_APPGE way_NN1 out_II21 of_II22 Rawalpindi_NP1 then_RT one_PN1 began_VVD to_TO lay_VVI a_AT1 thick_JJ smokescreen_NN1 and_CC prohibited_VVD safe_JJ passage_NN1 on_II the_AT Islamabad_NP1 *'_" motorway_NN1 ._. ^ **'_" ^_NULL With_IW fire_NN1 imminent_JJ in_II our_APPGE vehicle_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 encouraged_VVD our_APPGE driver_NN1 to_TO stop_VVI and_CC the_AT six_MC occupants_NN2 descended_VVD across_II the_AT hot_JJ metal_NN1 floor_NN1 like_II people_NN at_II the_AT beginning_NN1 of_IO summer_NNT1 with_IW soft_JJ feet_NN2 on_II sharp_JJ gravel_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Living_JJ conditions_NN2 were_VBDR cramped_VVN as_CSA we_PPIS2 joined_VVD the_AT remaining_JJ vehicle_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Towns_NP2 gave_VVD way_NN1 to_II country_NN1 ,_, country_NN1 gave_VVD way_NN1 to_TO desert_VVI ,_, tarsealed_JJ roads_NN2 became_VVD dirt_NN1 tracks_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL At_II this_DD1 point_NN1 it_PPH1 was_VBDZ suggested_VVN the_AT location_NN1 of_IO the_AT British_JJ Embassy_NN1 (_( our_APPGE destination_NN1 for_IF the_AT evening_NNT1 )_) was_VBDZ somewhat_RR isolated_JJ *-_- or_CC we_PPIS2 were_VBDR lost_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 provoked_VVD Harry_NP1 ,_, our_APPGE driver_NN1 ,_, to_TO set_VVI off_RP on_II foot_NN1 in_II31 search_II32 of_II33 directions_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Night_NNT1 closed_VVD in_RP and_CC with_IW it_PPH1 the_AT animal_NN1 life_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 sang_VVD *'_" God_NP1 Save_II the_AT Queen_NN1 **'_" loudly_RR to_TO cheer_VVI ourselves_PPX2 ,_, and_CC also_RR alert_VV0 any_DD passing_JJ British_JJ resident_NN1 who_PNQS could_VM recognise_VVI and_CC rescue_VVI us_PPIO2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Then_RT we_PPIS2 displayed_VVD our_APPGE versatility_NN1 by_II forming_VVG an_AT1 unlikely_JJ cricket_NN1 ensemble_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *'_" Doc_NN1 Doom_NP1 **'_" Edmonds_NP1 led_VVD the_AT percussion_NN1 section_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 breathtaking_JJ solo_NN1 on_II tin_NN1 tray_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT sausage_NN1 rolls_NN2 were_VBDR eaten_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT animals_NN2 retreated_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL Our_APPGE return_NN1 was_VBDZ better_RRR planned_VVN ,_, yet_RR resembled_VVD the_AT Islamabad_NP1 20_MC \_NULL km_NNU race_NN1 for_IF light_JJ commercial_JJ vans_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Harry_NP1 and_CC Henry_NP1 ,_, thoroughly_RR caught_VVN up_RP in_II the_AT wild_JJ enthusiasm_NN1 for_IF speed_NN1 ,_, lifted_VVD driving_VVG to_II a_AT1 new_JJ plane_NN1 as_CSA they_PPHS2 avoided_VVD people_NN ,_, carts_NN2 and_CC open_JJ sewers_NN2 in_II a_ZZ1 bid_VV0 to_TO reach_VVI our_APPGE hotel_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ an_AT1 older_JJR looking_JJ side_NN1 that_CST fell_VVD into_II bed_NN1 that_DD1 night_NNT1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Our_APPGE second_MD rodent_NN1 gave_VVD us_PPIO2 rather_RG more_DAR opportunity_NN1 to_TO get_VVI to_TO know_VVI him_PPHO1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL We_PPIS2 moved_VVD tentatively_RR into_II our_APPGE rest_NN1 house_NN1 lodgings_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT upstairs_NN1 had_VHD been_VBN set_VVN aside_RL solely_RR for_IF us_PPIO2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Players_NP1 busied_VVD themselves_PPX2 taping_VVG up_RP wardrobes_NN2 ,_, blocking_VVG holes_NN2 to_II the_AT outside_JJ by_II stuffing_VVG paper_NN1 in_II them_PPHO2 and_CC clearing_VVG lizards_NN2 from_II the_AT drawers_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *'_" Doc_NN1 **'_" Edmonds_NP1 told_VVD us_PPIO2 that_CST the_AT water_NN1 had_VHD to_TO be_VBI boiled_VVN and_CC he_PPHS1 doubled_VVD the_AT dosage_NN1 of_IO Puritabs_NP1 for_IF each_DD1 litre_NNU1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Still_RR our_APPGE large_JJ communal_JJ pot_NN1 sat_VVD with_IW scum_NN1 floating_VVG on_II the_AT top_NN1 and_CC sediment_NN1 on_II the_AT bottom_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 straw_NN1 got_VVD the_AT clear_JJ parts_NN2 I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ after_RT ._. ^ ^_NULL Our_APPGE beds_NN2 faced_VVD the_AT walls_NN2 instead_CC21 of_CC22 out_RP into_II the_AT room_NN1 and_CC were_VBDR the_AT hardboard-type_NN1 with_IW army_NNJ blanket_NN1 issue_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 were_VBDR Territorials_NP1 for_IF four_MC nights_NNT2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ difficult_JJ to_TO sleep_VVI ,_, hot_JJ and_CC dusty_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL *'_" Stockley_NP1 **'_" Smith_NP1 awoke_VVD with_IW a_AT1 dry_JJ throat_NN1 and_CC padded_JJ sleepily_RR to_II the_AT kitchen_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 drink_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL As_CSA he_PPHS1 cleared_VVD the_AT sleep_NN1 from_II his_APPGE eyes_NN2 ,_, he_PPHS1 realised_VVD a_AT1 machine_NN1 gun_NN1 was_VBDZ pointing_VVG from_II the_AT shadows_NN2 directly_RR at_II his_APPGE throat_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL An_AT1 over_RG **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL -zealous_JJ guard_NN1 motioned_VVD him_PPHO1 against_II the_AT wall_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Smith_NP1 wisely_RR mouthed_VVD placatory_JJ Urdu_NN1 phrases_NN2 and_CC retreated_VVD to_II his_APPGE bathroom_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Bathrooms_NN2 were_VBDR not_XX the_AT *1_NULL Home_NN1 and_CC Garden_NP1 *0_NULL variety_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Ours_PPGE was_VBDZ so_RG small_JJ the_AT shower_NN1 could_VM clean_VVI the_AT toilet_NN1 and_CC the_AT other_JJ amenities_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Our_APPGE microwave_NN1 was_VBDZ used_VVN extensively_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT wiring_NN1 had_VHD been_VBN altered_VVN especially_RR for_IF us_PPIO2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Cairnsie_NP1 was_VBDZ the_AT head_JJ chef_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL His_APPGE menu_NN1 was_VBDZ restricted_VVN by_II the_AT ingredients_NN2 available_JJ ,_, but_CCB he_PPHS1 worked_VVD at_II his_APPGE one_MC1 dish_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 will_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 called_VVD it_PPH1 his_APPGE enthusiastic_JJ stew_NN1 because_CS he_PPHS1 put_VVD everything_PN1 he_PPHS1 had_VHD into_II it_PPH1 ,_, tuna_NN ,_, bully_NN1 beef_NN1 ,_, Surprise_NN1 peas_NN2 ,_, Chesdale_NP1 cheese_NN1 ,_, dried_JJ potato_NN1 ,_, dried_JJ corn_NN1 and_CC dehydrated_JJ pork_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Night_NNT1 fell_VVD and_CC found_VVD some_DD members_NN2 in_II the_AT foyer_NN1 on_II the_AT couch_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 low-slung_NN1 ,_, ageing_VVG green_JJ chaise_NN1 lounge_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT tapered_JJ wooden_JJ legs_NN2 rocked_VVD uncertainly_RR on_II the_AT linoleum_NN1 floor_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ n't_XX a_AT1 peaceful_JJ foyer_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Interior_JJ decorators_NN2 had_VHD swept_VVN through_II the_AT Bahawalpur_NP1 Rest_VV0 Home_RL and_CC chosen_VVN shocking_JJ pink_NN1 ,_, purple_JJ ,_, deep_JJ reds_NN2 to_TO complement_VVI the_AT violent_JJ yellows_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II their_APPGE wisdom_NN1 they_PPHS2 forgot_VVD curtains_NN2 ,_, carpet_NN1 ,_, and_CC mahogany_NN1 tables_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ no_AT subdued_JJ lighting_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 was_VBDZ hardly_RR necessary_JJ because_CS the_AT gauze_NN1 netting_NN1 at_II the_AT windows_NN2 created_VVD a_AT1 patchwork_NN1 pattern_NN1 effect_NN1 when_RRQ the_AT sun_NN1 shone_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT ability_NN1 to_TO mix_VVI unrelated_JJ colours_NN2 drove_VVD even_RR the_AT wildlife_NN1 away_RL initially_RR ,_, but_CCB once_CS that_DD1 period_NN1 of_IO adjustment_NN1 to_II new_JJ surroundings_NN2 was_VBDZ over_II lizards_NN2 ,_, moths_NN2 ,_, spiderwebs_NN2 ,_, the_AT telltale_NN1 footmarks_NN2 of_IO Pakistani_JJ flies_NN2 and_CC rat_NN1 droppings_NN2 indicated_VVD the_AT real_JJ inhabitants_NN2 were_VBDR returning_VVG ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT card_NN1 players_NN2 struggled_VVD with_IW the_AT intricacies_NN2 of_IO reneging_VVG on_II eight_MC no_AT trumps_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ riveting_VVG to_TO watch_VVI ,_, riveting_VVG for_IF 20_MC minutes_NNT2 as_CSA *'_" Shake_NP1 **'_" Wright_NP1 pieced_VVD together_RL the_AT alternatives_NN2 with_IW great_JJ logical_JJ skill_NN1 ,_, but_CCB not_XX much_RR sporting_JJ significance_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT opposition_NN1 sat_VVD relaxed_VVD ,_, content_NN1 in_II the_AT knowledge_NN1 that_CST they_PPHS2 had_VHD him_PPHO1 covered_VVN ,_, whatever_DDQV he_PPHS1 led_VVD ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL No_PN121 one_PN122 quite_RR knows_VVZ what_DDQ the_AT catalyst_NN1 was_VBDZ ,_, but_CCB the_AT next_MD action_NN1 was_VBDZ swift_JJ and_CC decisive_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Boocky_NP1 leapt_VVD up_RP ,_, cards_NN2 tumbling_VVG in_II all_DB directions_NN2 ,_, just_RR as_CSA *'_" Shake_NP1 **'_" was_VBDZ about_RPK to_TO lead_VVI strongly_RR with_IW the_AT four_MC of_IO diamonds_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Paul_NP1 McEwan_NP1 levitated_VVD and_CC Stuart_NP1 Doughty_NP1 (_( a_ZZ1 reporter_NN1 )_) upended_VVD the_AT couch_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT transformation_NN1 was_VBDZ complete_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL From_II the_AT tense_JJ ,_, keenly_RR balanced_JJ group_NN there_EX was_VBDZ a_AT1 leg-flying_NN1 ,_, arm-waving_JJ performance_NN1 that_CST would_VM have_VHI done_VDN justice_NN1 to_II a_AT1 bull_NN1 fight_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL From_II the_AT midst_NN1 of_IO the_AT toreadors_NN2 a_AT1 large_JJ brown_JJ rodent_NN1 appeared_VVN and_CC nimbly_RR sidestepped_VVD the_AT tangled_JJ heaps_NN2 of_IO humanity_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Boocky_NP1 hardly_RR touched_VVD the_AT floor_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II a_AT1 moment_NN1 which_DDQ spoke_VVD volumes_NN2 for_IF Hugh_NP1 Lawrence_NP1 's_GE flexibility_NN1 programme_NN1 ,_, he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ up_RP and_CC on_II the_AT trail_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Doughty_NP1 was_VBDZ only_RR two_MC steps_NN2 behind_RL ,_, fear_NN1 gave_VVD him_PPHO1 strength_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 paused_VVD a_AT1 second_NNT1 to_TO rip_VVI a_AT1 leg_NN1 off_II the_AT couch_NN1 and_CC was_VBDZ in_II hot_JJ pursuit_NN1 ,_, dashing_VVG his_APPGE weapon_NN1 on_II the_AT ground_NN1 and_CC beating_VVG his_APPGE breast_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT pack_NN1 followed_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT hunt_NN1 was_VBDZ on_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT evening_NNT1 timetable_NN1 was_VBDZ totally_RR disrupted_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL John_NP1 Reid_NP1 's_GE extramural_JJ geography_NN1 class_NN1 abandoned_VVD its_APPGE sedimentation_NN1 programme_NN1 and_CC Lance_NN1 Cairns_NN2 '_GE crochet_NN1 group_NN downed_VVD tools_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Players_NP1 ran_VVD first_MD to_II their_APPGE own_DA rooms_NN2 to_TO lock_VVI the_AT doors_NN2 and_CC then_RT turned_VVD up_RP to_TO investigate_VVI ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL When_CS I_PPIS1 arrived_VVD at_II Boocky_NP1 's_GE bedroom_NN1 ,_, everyone_PN1 was_VBDZ standing_VVG on_II a_AT1 chair_NN1 or_CC bed_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL As_CSA captain_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 felt_VVD responsible_JJ and_CC courageously_RR asked_VVD the_AT rat_NN1 's_VHZ whereabouts_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 drew_VVD a_AT1 varied_JJ response_NN1 as_II farm_NN1 implements_NN2 beat_VV0 the_AT air_NN1 in_II menacing_JJ strokes_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 were_VBDR in_II great_JJ danger_NN1 ourselves_PPX2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Jeff_NP1 Crowe_NP1 said_VVD the_AT rat_NN1 was_VBDZ in_II the_AT bathroom_NN1 taking_VVG a_AT1 shower_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 obviously_RR did_VDD n't_XX understand_VVI the_AT complexities_NN2 of_IO the_AT Rest_NP House_NNL1 plumbing_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Boock_NP1 's_GE shower_NN1 was_VBDZ operated_VVN by_II the_AT tap_NN1 in_II Evan_NP1 Gray_NP1 's_GE room_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Evan_NP1 was_VBDZ despatched_VVN to_TO flush_VVI him_PPHO1 out_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 returned_VVD to_II the_AT kitchen_NN1 to_TO prepare_VVI my_APPGE nightly_JJ cup_NN1 of_IO lemon_NN1 tea_NN1 with_IW Ian_NP1 Taylor_NP1 and_CC Martin_NP1 Snedden_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Managers_NN2 are_VBR often_RR chosen_VVN for_IF their_APPGE calmness_NN1 in_II the_AT face_NN1 of_IO adversity_NN1 and_CC their_APPGE ability_NN1 to_TO stand_VVI aside_RL and_CC assess_VVI the_AT correct_JJ course_NN1 of_IO action_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 were_VBDR discussing_VVG the_AT merits_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 panel_NN1 of_IO international_JJ umpires_NN2 when_RRQ the_AT posse_NN1 swept_VVN out_II21 of_II22 Boocky_NP1 's_GE room_NN1 towards_II us_PPIO2 ,_, the_AT rat_NN1 in_II the_AT lead_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 found_VVD difficulty_NN1 gaining_VVG traction_NN1 as_CSA it_PPH1 accelerated_VVD on_II the_AT linoleum_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 knew_VVD it_PPH1 needed_VVD cover_NN1 and_CC desperately_RR sought_VVN a_AT1 bed_NN1 ,_, table_NN1 ,_, any_DD crevasse_NN1 away_II21 from_II22 the_AT malevolent_JJ free-swinging_JJ clubs_NN2 behind_II it_PPH1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Our_APPGE kitchen_NN1 trio_NN1 reacted_VVD very_RG differently_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL Sneds_NP1 stood_VVD transfixed_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL Clearly_RR he_PPHS1 and_CC the_AT beast_NN1 were_VBDR on_II a_AT1 collision_NN1 course_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL At_II the_AT last_MD moment_NN1 he_PPHS1 opened_VVD his_APPGE legs_NN2 just_RR wide_JJ enough_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 hurtled_VVD through_RP ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *'_" Tails_NN2 **'_" too_RR ,_, responded_VVD to_II the_AT challenge_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL His_APPGE body_NN1 may_VM have_VHI been_VBN older_JJR ,_, but_CCB the_AT spirit_NN1 was_VBDZ willing_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Here_RL was_VBDZ the_AT opportunity_NN1 to_TO vent_VVI the_AT frustrations_NN2 of_IO the_AT tour_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 *'_" fine_JJ and_CC skinny_JJ hand_NN1 **'_" clasped_VVD a_AT1 brown_JJ towel_NN1 and_CC proceeded_VVD to_TO harass_VVI the_AT now_RT moulting_VVG rat_NN1 with_IW the_AT persistence_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 bounty_NN1 hunter_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 trembled_VVD in_II mortal_JJ funk_NN1 as_CSA *'_" Tails_NN2 **'_" lashed_VVD the_AT small_JJ gap_NN1 between_II the_AT floor_NN1 and_CC the_AT bottom_NN1 of_IO the_AT pre-war_JJ refrigerator_NN1 ,_, scraping_VVG his_APPGE knuckles_NN2 in_II the_AT confined_JJ space_NN1 and_CC upsetting_VVG plates_NN2 of_IO corned_JJ beef_NN1 ,_, cartons_NN2 of_IO long-life_JJ milk_NN1 and_CC cups_NN2 of_IO lemon_NN1 tea_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 assessed_VVD the_AT situation_NN1 immediately_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL As_II the_AT role_NN1 of_IO the_AT beater_NN1 was_VBDZ cast_VVN ,_, I_PPIS1 stood_VVD in_II relative_JJ safety_NN1 on_II31 top_II32 of_II33 the_AT table_NN1 fulfilling_VVG the_AT job_NN1 of_IO spotter_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 constantly_RR updated_VVD important_JJ information_NN1 like_II compass_NN1 bearings_NN2 and_CC chart_NN1 references_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL A_AT1 new_JJ cunning_JJ manoeuvre_NN1 was_VBDZ hatched_VVN to_TO channel_VVI him_PPHO1 by_II31 means_II32 of_II33 hand-held_JJ pieces_NN2 of_IO wood_NN1 ,_, like_II a_AT1 water_NN1 race_NN1 ,_, out_II21 of_II22 the_AT kitchen_NN1 and_CC down_II the_AT1 stairs_NN2 to_II outside_RL ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT idea_NN1 would_VM have_VHI worked_VVN but_CCB John_NP1 Reid_NP1 ,_, upon_II seeing_VVG the_AT rat_NN1 ,_, dropped_VVD his_APPGE piece_NN1 altogether_RR and_CC our_APPGE friend_NN1 ,_, much_RR tired_JJ and_CC worn_VVN ,_, departed_VVD gratefully_RR through_II the_AT hole_NN1 in_II the_AT lounge_NN1 wall_NN1 into_II the_AT night_NNT1 to_TO tell_VVI his_APPGE tale_NN1 to_II his_APPGE brothers_NN2 ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL As_CSA tears_NN2 go_VV0 by_RP *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *6_NULL If_CS any_DD one-day_JJ game_NN1 remains_VVZ vivid_JJ in_II a_AT1 failing_JJ memory_NN1 it_PPH1 is_VBZ that_CST played_VVD on_II 7th_MD December_NPM1 1984_MC *-_- a_AT1 day_NNT1 of_IO infamy_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 awoke_VVD under_II my_APPGE army_NNJ blanket_NN1 at_II 5.30_MC {_NULL a.m_RA ._. ^ }_NULL ^_NULL We_PPIS2 had_VHD n't_XX had_VHN the_AT call_NN1 at_II 5.00_MC ,_, asking_VVG was_VBDZ it_PPH1 4.00_MC or_CC 6.00_MC that_DD1 was_VBDZ the_AT prearranged_JJ wake_NN1 up_RP time_NNT1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *'_" Tails_NN2 **'_" (_( Ian_NP1 Taylor_NP1 )_) ,_, our_APPGE manager_NN1 ,_, drifted_VVD from_II a_AT1 comatose_JJ state_NN1 beside_II me_PPIO1 and_CC displayed_VVD his_APPGE Adonis_NP1 features_NN2 as_CSA he_PPHS1 skipped_VVD to_II the_AT bathroom_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_RL he_PPHS1 completed_VVD a_AT1 hurried_JJ ablution_NN1 muttering_VVG Marty_NP1 Robbins_NP1 '_GE numbers_NN2 in_II a_AT1 familiar_JJ deep_RR croon_VV0 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT bathroom_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE Bahawalpur_NP1 Rest_VV0 Home_RL had_VHD been_VBN checked_VVN by_II bomb_NN1 disposal_NN1 units_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL As_CS31 soon_CS32 as_CS33 we_PPIS2 arrived_VVD ,_, the_AT army_NNJ cleared_VVD our_APPGE rooms_NN2 and_CC had_VHD the_AT man_NN1 with_IW the_AT long_JJ rod_NN1 and_CC the_AT land_NN1 mine_NN1 in_II31 front_II32 of_II33 him_PPHO1 prudently_RR listening_VVG to_II earphones_NN2 as_CSA he_PPHS1 picked_VVD his_APPGE way_NN1 through_II the_AT furniture_NN1 ,_, cupboards_NN2 and_CC bathrooms_NN2 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 214+TEXT+G27_FO **]_NULL ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL Dad_NN1 mostly_RR said_VVD ^_NULL Cut_VVN it_PPH1 out_RP or_CC ^_NULL That_DD1 's_VBZ the_AT last_MD warning_NN1 you_PPY get_VV0 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 said_VVD ^_NULL Damn_UH sometimes_RT ,_, and_CC once_RR he_PPHS1 said_VVD ^_NULL Bloody_JJ ,_, but_CCB I_PPIS1 think_VV0 it_PPH1 just_RR slipped_VVD out_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Maoris_NP2 were_VBDR always_RR using_VVG rude_JJ words_NN2 and_CC once_RR I_PPIS1 said_VVD ^_NULL Bloody_JJ bugger_NN1 to_II Mike_NP1 without_IW realising_VVG ._. ^ ^_NULL Dad_NN1 whacked_VVD me_PPIO1 over_II the_AT ear_NN1 and_CC said_VVD if_CSW I_PPIS1 ever_RR used_VVN such_DA language_NN1 again_RT I_PPIS1 would_VM get_VVI the_AT mother_NN1 and_CC father_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 hiding_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL After_II that_DD1 we_PPIS2 only_RR swore_VVD when_CS we_PPIS2 were_VBDR on_II our_APPGE own_DA ,_, in_II the_AT hut_NN1 or_CC down_RP the_AT lagoon_NN1 or_CC somewhere_RL ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 knew_VVD swearing_VVG was_VBDZ only_RR a_AT1 venial_JJ sin_NN1 and_CC we_PPIS2 had_VHD made_VVN up_RP the_AT time_NNT1 we_PPIS2 would_VM have_VHI got_VVN in_II Purgatory_NN1 because_CS we_PPIS2 had_VHD worn_VVN scapulars_NN2 for_IF a_AT1 while_NNT1 round_II our_APPGE necks_NN2 until_CS they_PPHS2 broke_VVD ,_, and_CC the_AT nuns_NN2 said_VVD scapulars_NN2 were_VBDR the_AT best_JJT things_NN2 for_IF remission_NN1 of_IO Purgatory_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 also_RR said_VVD lots_PN of_IO rosaries_NN2 for_IF remission_NN1 and_CC made_VVD some_DD novenas_NN2 in_II the_AT chapel_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 week_NNT1 at_II a_AT1 time_NNT1 ,_, or_CC nine_MC days_NNT2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL If_CS Mike_NP1 or_CC me_PPIO1 were_VBDR a_RR21 bit_RR22 naughty_JJ ,_, or_CC moaning_VVG when_RRQ Dad_NN1 nicked_VVD us_PPIO2 with_IW his_APPGE hair_NN1 clippers_NN2 ,_, Dad_NN1 would_VM say_VVI we_PPIS2 took_VVD after_II our_APPGE mother_NN1 's_VBZ side_NN1 ,_, and_CC Mum_NN1 would_VM say_VVI it_PPH1 was_VBDZ the_AT other_JJ way_NN1 round_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL When_CS we_PPIS2 started_VVD saying_VVG *'_" eh_UH **'_" at_II the_AT end_NN1 of_IO every_AT1 sentence_NN1 ,_, Mum_NN1 and_CC Dad_NN1 blamed_VVD it_PPH1 on_II the_AT Maoris_NP2 and_CC told_VVD us_PPIO2 to_TO stop_VVI it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 also_RR started_VVD saying_VVG *'_" ehau_NN1 **'_" like_II the_AT Maoris_NP2 and_CC had_VHD to_TO stop_VVI that_CST too_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL At_II school_NN1 the_AT nuns_NN2 would_VM n't_XX let_VVI the_AT Maoris_NP2 speak_VVI Maori_NP1 ,_, whacking_VVG them_PPHO2 unless_CS they_PPHS2 were_VBDR too_RG big_JJ ,_, but_CCB the_AT Maoris_NP2 spoke_VVD Maori_NP1 in_II the_AT playground_NN1 all_DB the_AT time_NNT1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL What_DDQ we_PPIS2 could_VM n't_XX work_VVI out_RP was_VBDZ why_RRQ in_II that_DD1 case_NN1 we_PPIS2 had_VHD to_TO learn_VVI all_DB these_DD2 Maori_JJ songs_NN2 like_II *1_NULL Pokarekareana_NP1 *0_NULL and_CC *1_NULL Haere_NP1 Mai_NP1 ,_, *0_NULL and_CC stupid_JJ poi_NN2 movements_NN2 and_CC do_VD0 hakas_NN2 and_CC that_DD1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 were_VBDR no_AT good_JJ at_II them_PPHO2 anyway_RR ,_, but_CCB the_AT Maoris_NP2 were_VBDR always_RR playing_VVG ukeleles_NN2 and_CC singing_VVG ._. ^ ^_NULL Sometimes_RT we_PPIS2 had_VHD to_TO put_VVI on_II the_AT Maori_JJ skirts_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 preferred_VVD the_AT songs_NN2 we_PPIS2 heard_VVD on_II the_AT radio_NN1 ,_, like_JJ *1_NULL ^_NULL On_II31 Top_II32 of_II33 Old_JJ Smokey_NP1 ,_, ^_NULL You_PPY Are_VBR My_APPGE Sunshine_NN1 ,_, *'_" *0_NULL ^_NULL Jumbalaya_NP1 and_CC a_AT1 crawfish_NN1 pie_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 fillygumbo_NN1 **'_" ,_, *'_" ^_NULL Put_VVD another_DD1 Nickel_NN1 in_RP ,_, in_II the_AT Nickel_NP1 **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL -odeon_NN1 **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 liked_VVD Perry_NP1 Como_NP1 and_CC Dinah_NP1 Shore_NP1 and_CC Theresa_NP1 Brewer_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Dad_NN1 's_VBZ favourite_NN1 was_VBDZ *1_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Green_JJ Door_NN1 ,_, *0_NULL Mum_NN1 liked_VVD Bing_NP1 Crosby_NP1 ,_, and_CC Gracie_NP1 Fields_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL When_CS he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ shaving_VVG in_II the_AT morning_NNT1 ,_, Dad_NN1 always_RR sang_VVD *1_NULL ^_NULL Bless_VV0 '_" Em_NP1 All_DB ._. ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL We_PPIS2 knew_VVD the_AT Maoris_NP2 were_VBDR much_RR better_JJR at_II singing_VVG ,_, but_CCB we_PPIS2 just_RR did_VDD n't_XX like_VVI their_APPGE songs_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Most_DAT of_IO the_AT kids_NN2 at_II school_NN1 were_VBDR Maori_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Actually_RR ,_, most_DAT of_IO them_PPHO2 were_VBDR half_DB or_CC only_JJ quarter_NN1 caste_NN1 ,_, but_CCB they_PPHS2 all_DB insisted_VVD on_II being_VBG Maoris_NP2 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 all_DB seemed_VVD to_TO have_VHI enormous_JJ families_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT biggest_JJT were_VBDR the_AT Savages_NP1 ,_, 21_MC kids_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT first_MD one_PN1 was_VBDZ called_VVN Egavas_NP1 ,_, which_DDQ was_VBDZ Savage_JJ back_NN1 to_II front_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Their_APPGE mother_NN1 was_VBDZ still_RR quite_RG young_JJ and_CC when_CS we_PPIS2 were_VBDR on_II holiday_NN1 the_AT man_NN1 who_PNQS took_VVD over_RP from_II Dad_NN1 would_VM n't_XX pay_VVI her_PPHO1 the_AT family_NN benefit_VV0 because_CS he_PPHS1 reckoned_VVD she_PPHS1 could_VM n't_XX possibly_RR be_VBI the_AT mother_NN1 of_IO that_DD1 many_DA2 children_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB she_PPHS1 was_VBDZ ,_, and_CC she_PPHS1 was_VBDZ really_RR pretty_RG too_RR ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT thing_NN1 that_CST upset_VVD me_PPIO1 most_RRT at_II school_NN1 was_VBDZ the_AT kids_NN2 making_VVG fun_NN1 of_IO my_APPGE ears_NN2 sticking_VVG out_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL Gary_NP1 had_VHD his_APPGE cut_VVN and_CC pinned_VVN back_RP and_CC I_PPIS1 begged_VVD Mum_NN1 and_CC Dad_NN1 to_TO have_VHI mine_NN1 done_VDN ,_, but_CCB they_PPHS2 would_VM n't_XX ._. ^ ^_NULL Dad_NN1 said_VVD I_PPIS1 should_VM be_VBI happy_JJ with_IW what_DDQ the_AT Lord_NP1 provided_VVD ,_, but_CCB I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ n't_XX because_CS the_AT other_JJ kids_NN2 never_RR stopped_VVD making_VVG fun_NN1 of_IO them_PPHO2 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 even_RR asked_VVD Dad_NN1 not_XX to_TO cut_VVI my_APPGE hair_NN1 so_RG short_JJ so_CS they_PPHS2 would_VM n't_XX be_VBI so_RG obvious_JJ ,_, but_CCB he_PPHS1 just_RR told_VVD me_PPIO1 to_TO keep_VVI still_RR ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL 6_MC ._. ^ Games_NN2 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Nobody_PN1 ever_RR knew_VVD why_RRQ a_AT1 game_NN1 was_VBDZ in_RP ,_, but_CCB once_CS it_PPH1 was_VBDZ ,_, everybody_PN1 dropped_VVD the_AT other_JJ games_NN2 and_CC played_VVD just_RR that_DD1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Like_II hopscotch_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Mum_NN1 said_VVD only_JJ girls_NN2 played_VVD that_CST ,_, but_CCB once_CS it_PPH1 started_VVD we_PPIS2 were_VBDR all_DB scrounging_VVG for_IF empty_JJ Nugget_NN1 tins_NN2 to_TO fill_VVI with_IW dirt_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Black_JJ tins_NN2 were_VBDR the_AT most_RGT common_JJ ,_, then_RT brown_JJ ,_, but_CCB oxblood_NN1 were_VBDR the_AT ones_NN2 everybody_PN1 wanted_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL One_MC1 boy_NN1 once_RR had_VHN an_AT1 extra_JJ big_JJ one_PN1 called_VVD Dubbin_NP1 or_CC something_PN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ the_AT only_JJ sport_NN1 where_RRQ the_AT girls_NN2 were_VBDR as_RG good_JJ ,_, though_CS they_PPHS2 usually_RR played_VVN on_II their_APPGE own_DA ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT girls_NN2 were_VBDR quick_JJ at_II hopping_VVG round_II the_AT tops_NN2 of_IO the_AT hopscotch_NN1 ladder_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 used_VMK to_TO play_VVI at_II school_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 ladder_NN1 marked_VVN out_RP in_II the_AT clay_NN1 playground_NN1 ,_, practising_VVG especially_RR to_TO get_VVI the_AT Nugget_NN1 tin_NN1 just_RR in_II the_AT top_NN1 of_IO the_AT semi-circle_NN1 above_II the_AT squares_NN2 ,_, so_CS it_PPH1 was_VBDZ easy_JJ to_TO pick_VVI up_RP on_II one_MC1 foot_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 also_RR had_VHD hopscotch_NN1 ladders_NN2 we_PPIS2 drew_VVD in_II chalk_NN1 on_II the_AT main_JJ footpath_NN1 ,_, though_CS people_NN always_RR came_VVD along_RP and_CC spoiled_VVD then_RT ,_, writing_VVG stupid_JJ things_NN2 across_II them_PPHO2 ,_, like_II ^_NULL D_ZZ1 loves_VVZ J_ZZ1 ,_, with_IW a_AT1 heart_NN1 and_CC an_AT1 arrow_NN1 through_II it_PPH1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL We_PPIS2 even_RR did_VDD some_DD skipping_NN1 with_IW the_AT girls_NN2 ,_, when_CS the_AT big_JJ rope_NN1 was_VBDZ being_VBG used_VVN and_CC we_PPIS2 used_VMK to_TO see_VVI how_RGQ many_DA2 kids_NN2 we_PPIS2 could_VM get_VVI in_II it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL That_DD1 usually_RR ended_VVN with_IW pushing_VVG ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT girls_NN2 played_VVD organised_VVD skipping_VVG on_II their_APPGE own_DA ,_, like_II Salt_NN1 ,_, mustard_NN1 ,_, vinegar_NN1 ,_, pepper_NN1 ,_, and_CC ^_NULL Over_II the_AT garden_NN1 wall_NN1 I_PPIS1 let_VV0 my_APPGE baby_NN1 fall_VVI ,_, mother_NN1 came_VVD out_RP and_CC gave_VVD me_PPIO1 a_AT1 clout_NN1 and_CC sent_VVD me_PPIO1 over_II the_AT wall_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 would_VM rather_RR play_VVI chasey_NN1 and_CC wrestling_NN1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 suppose_VV0 games_NN2 often_RR started_VVD when_CS somebody_PN1 brought_VVD along_RP something_PN1 ,_, and_CC we_PPIS2 all_DB wanted_VVD one_PN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ n't_XX so_RG easy_JJ if_CSW it_PPH1 was_VBDZ something_PN1 bought_VVN ,_, like_II a_AT1 potato_NN1 gun_NN1 Gary_NP1 had_VHD ,_, or_CC cap_NN1 guns_NN2 ,_, or_CC water_NN1 pistols_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ you_PPY had_VHD to_TO wait_VVI for_IF birthday_NN1 or_CC Christmas_NNT1 to_TO get_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL Anybody_PN1 could_VM make_VVI a_AT1 bow_NN1 out_II21 of_II22 supplejack_NN1 or_CC lancewood_NN1 ,_, and_CC arrows_NN2 out_II21 of_II22 apple_NN1 box_NN1 kindling_VVG wood_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Some_DD of_IO the_AT boys_NN2 filed_VVD metal_NN1 points_NN2 and_CC fitted_VVD them_PPHO2 on_II21 to_II22 their_APPGE arrows_NN2 ,_, but_CCB if_CS they_PPHS2 were_VBDR seen_VVN they_PPHS2 were_VBDR confiscated_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 used_VMK to_TO fire_VVI arrows_NN2 at_II Dad_NN1 's_VHZ customers_NN2 in_II the_AT post_NN1 office_NN1 through_II the_AT slats_NN2 under_II the_AT house_NN1 ,_, until_CS a_AT1 woman_NN1 complained_VVD and_CC Dad_NN1 banned_VVD us_PPIO2 from_II there_RL ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Tin_NN1 can_VM telephones_NN2 were_VBDR popular_JJ for_IF a_AT1 while_NNT1 and_CC we_PPIS2 had_VHD them_PPHO2 all_RR over_II the_AT underneath_NN1 of_IO the_AT house_NN1 ,_, but_CCB once_CS we_PPIS2 'd_VHD done_VDN it_PPH1 ,_, we_PPIS2 got_VVD sick_JJ of_IO it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 think_VV0 the_AT idea_NN1 might_VM have_VHI come_VVN out_II21 of_II22 a_AT1 *1_NULL Wolf_NN1 Cub_NN1 *0_NULL annual_NN1 ,_, where_CS we_PPIS2 learned_VVD to_TO make_VVI cotton_NN1 reel_NN1 tractors_NN2 with_IW a_AT1 piece_NN1 of_IO candle_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 rubber_JJ band_NN1 through_II it_PPH1 all_DB and_CC held_VVN by_II bits_NN2 of_IO matchstick_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 collected_VVD cardboard_NN1 milk_NN1 bottle_NN1 tops_NN2 for_IF a_AT1 little_JJ while_NNT1 ,_, the_AT ones_NN2 with_IW the_AT green_JJ hole_NN1 were_VBDR best_JJT ._. ^ ^_NULL Mike_NP1 and_CC me_PPIO1 and_CC some_DD of_IO the_AT other_JJ boys_NN2 had_VHD proper_JJ stamp_NN1 collections_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Spinning_VVG tops_NN2 were_VBDR quite_RG popular_JJ at_II times_NNT2 ,_, but_CCB there_EX was_VBDZ always_RR a_AT1 big_JJ marble_NN1 season_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT most_RGT common_JJ marbles_NN2 game_NN1 was_VBDZ everybody_PN1 putting_VVG some_DD marbles_NN2 in_II a_AT1 big_JJ circle_NN1 and_CC having_VHG turns_NN2 shooting_VVG them_PPHO2 out_RP from_II the_AT edge_NN1 of_IO the_AT circle_NN1 with_IW your_APPGE thumb_NN1 and_CC index_NN1 finger_NN1 ,_, or_CC flicking_VVG them_PPHO2 with_IW one_MC1 finger_NN1 out_II21 of_II22 the_AT other_JJ hand_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX were_VBDR all_DB the_AT usual_JJ glassies_NN2 ,_, cat's-eyes_NN2 ,_, bloods_NN2 ,_, milkies_NN2 ,_, clayies_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ nobody_PN1 wanted_VVD because_CS they_PPHS2 broke_VVD so_RG easily_RR ,_, and_CC the_AT bonzers_NN2 and_CC steelies_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Once_CS I_PPIS1 dug_VVD up_RP a_AT1 huge_JJ old_JJ purple_JJ bonzer_NN1 by_II the_AT macrocarpa_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Bonzers_NN2 were_VBDR the_AT best_JJT ,_, but_CCB steelies_NN2 won_VVD more_RRR because_CS they_PPHS2 were_VBDR able_JK to_TO knock_VVI out_RP any_DD other_JJ marble_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 reckoned_VVD they_PPHS2 were_VBDR n't_XX fair_JJ but_CCB the_AT big_JJ boys_NN2 would_VM n't_XX stop_VVI using_VVG them_PPHO2 ,_, so_CS we_PPIS2 did_VDD n't_XX either_RR ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX were_VBDR other_JJ marble_NN1 games_NN2 like_II bouncing_JJ marbles_NN2 against_II a_AT1 wall_NN1 and_CC in_II a_AT1 straight_JJ line_NN1 ,_, but_CCB I_PPIS1 liked_VVD the_AT circle_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL One_MC1 year_NNT1 I_PPIS1 won_VVD 725_MC marbles_NN2 and_CC Mum_NN1 had_VHD to_TO make_VVI me_PPIO1 another_DD1 marble_NN1 bag_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 big_JJ Maori_JJ boy_NN1 took_VVD them_PPHO2 off_II me_PPIO1 and_CC I_PPIS1 did_VDD n't_XX bother_VVI playing_VVG again_RT ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL We_PPIS2 had_VHD organised_VVN games_NN2 ,_, like_II footy_JJ matches_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Once_CS we_PPIS2 beat_VV0 the_AT public_JJ school_NN1 103_MC to_II nil_PN1 and_CC I_PPIS1 scored_VVD a_AT1 try_NN1 ,_, but_CCB as_RR21 usual_RR22 I_PPIS1 winded_VVD myself_PPX1 doing_VDG it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT school_NN1 sports_NN2 were_VBDR held_VVN down_RP the_AT other_JJ side_NN1 of_IO the_AT playground_NN1 fence_NN1 ,_, starting_VVG where_RRQ there_EX was_VBDZ a_AT1 beehive_NN1 once_RR which_DDQ we_PPIS2 all_DB pelted_VVD with_IW stones_NN2 and_CC a_AT1 man_NN1 came_VVD and_CC smoked_VVD it_PPH1 out_RP and_CC took_VVD it_PPH1 away_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 liked_VVD the_AT sprinting_NN1 because_CS I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ best_JJT at_II that_DD1 ,_, but_CCB sack_VV0 races_NN2 and_CC the_AT three-legged_JJ races_NN2 were_VBDR fun_JJ ,_, and_CC Mum_NN1 and_CC the_AT other_JJ women_NN2 did_VDD the_AT egg_NN1 and_CC spoon_NN1 race_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Then_RT Dad_NN1 and_CC the_AT other_JJ men_NN2 and_CC all_DB of_IO us_PPIO2 would_VM grab_VVI on_II the_AT rope_NN1 for_IF the_AT tug_NN1 of_IO war_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL We_PPIS2 had_VHD a_AT1 lot_NN of_IO our_APPGE own_DA special_JJ games_NN2 ,_, with_IW Gary_NP1 and_CC Donna_NP1 sometimes_RT ,_, and_CC Jimmy_NP1 ,_, Billy_NP1 and_CC Jack_NP1 ,_, and_CC Jack_NP1 's_GE **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL younger_JJR brother_NN1 Ned_NP1 ,_, if_CS he_PPHS1 did_VDD n't_XX get_VVI mad_JJ with_IW everybody_PN1 and_CC want_VVI to_TO fight_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 used_VMK to_TO climb_VVI up_RP on_II the_AT tool_NN1 shed_VVN at_II Gary_NP1 's_GE and_CC jump_VV0 down_RP ,_, then_RT go_VV0 inside_II the_AT rooms_NN2 at_II the_AT back_NN1 and_CC dress_VV0 up_RP in_II all_DB the_AT old_JJ clothes_NN2 ,_, mostly_RR dresses_VVZ and_CC hats_NN2 and_CC shoes_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 liked_VVD rolling_VVG down_II the_AT1 hill_NN1 of_IO bouncy_JJ grass_NN1 and_CC riding_VVG sliding_JJ boards_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 made_VVD our_APPGE own_DA boards_NN2 and_CC greased_VVD them_PPHO2 with_IW Mum_NN1 's_VBZ dripping_VVG ._. ^ ^_NULL Dad_NN1 helped_VVD us_PPIO2 make_VVI trolleys_NN2 with_IW old_JJ pram_NN1 wheels_NN2 and_CC we_PPIS2 used_VVD them_PPHO2 down_RP the_AT concrete_JJ main_JJ footpath_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Sometimes_RT we_PPIS2 just_RR used_VMK to_TO wander_VVI down_RP that_DD1 footpath_NN1 ,_, jumping_VVG between_II all_DB the_AT cracks_NN2 ,_, and_CC if_CSW it_PPH1 was_VBDZ hot_JJ and_CC the_AT tarseal_JJ was_VBDZ melting_VVG ,_, we_PPIS2 ate_VVD some_DD of_IO it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 liked_VVD it_PPH1 when_CS the_AT big_JJ grader_NN1 or_CC a_AT1 caterpillar_NN1 tractor_NN1 were_VBDR left_VVN ,_, so_CS we_PPIS2 could_VM climb_VVI over_II them_PPHO2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL We_PPIS2 spent_VVD hours_NNT2 in_II the_AT lagoon_NN1 ,_, pushing_VVG through_II the_AT mud_NN1 which_DDQ was_VBDZ sometimes_RT up_II21 to_II22 our_APPGE necks_NN2 ,_, and_CC floating_VVG out_RP into_II the_AT channel_NN1 on_II a_AT1 piece_NN1 of_IO old_JJ corrugated_JJ iron_NN1 or_CC a_AT1 log_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 never_RR went_VVD too_RG far_RR from_II the_AT raupo_NN1 rushes_VVZ because_CS we_PPIS2 could_VM n't_XX swim_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL Once_RR one_MC1 of_IO our_APPGE bits_NN2 of_IO iron_NN1 sank_VVD under_II us_PPIO2 ,_, but_CCB the_AT water_NN1 was_VBDZ n't_XX that_DD1 deep_JJ and_CC we_PPIS2 got_VVD back_RP into_II the_AT mud_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Maori_JJ kids_NN2 swam_VVD down_RP the_AT bridge_NN1 ,_, but_CCB we_PPIS2 did_VDD n't_XX like_VVI to_TO go_VVI there_RL because_CS we_PPIS2 heard_VVD a_AT1 Maori_JJ boy_NN1 was_VBDZ swimming_VVG and_CC he_PPHS1 accidentally_RR swallowed_VVD a_AT1 piece_NN1 of_IO poo_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL We_PPIS2 liked_VVD helping_VVG with_IW the_AT bread_NN1 in_II the_AT bakehouse_NN1 at_II the_AT back_NN1 of_IO Lees_NP1 '_GE store_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 liked_VVD kneading_VVG the_AT dough_NN1 into_II the_AT tins_NN2 ,_, the_AT long_JJ narrow_JJ barracudas_NN2 and_CC the_AT big_JJ squares_NN2 ,_, then_RT shovelling_VVG them_PPHO2 into_II the_AT oven_NN1 on_II a_AT1 long_JJ wooden_JJ spoon_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 came_VVD back_RP in_II the_AT morning_NNT1 and_CC the_AT oven_NN1 was_VBDZ opened_VVN and_CC we_PPIS2 shovelled_VVD them_PPHO2 out_RP ,_, all_DB hot_JJ and_CC steamy_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 were_VBDR allowed_VVN burnt_JJ ones_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ we_PPIS2 really_RR liked_VVN anyway_RR ,_, as_CC31 well_CC32 as_CC33 the_AT hot_JJ spongy_JJ white_JJ insides_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL We_PPIS2 used_VMK to_TO sneak_VVI in_II the_AT store_NN1 when_RRQ \_NULL Mr_NNB Lees_NP1 was_VBDZ n't_XX around_RP ,_, usually_RR when_RRQ he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ playing_VVG tennis_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL \_NULL Mr_NNB Lees_NP1 was_VBDZ left-handed_JJ and_CC he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ the_AT best_JJT player_NN1 in_II the_AT Bay_NN1 ,_, Mum_NN1 said_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL Mum_NN1 and_CC Dad_NN1 were_VBDR always_RR playing_VVG bowls_NN2 ,_, especially_RR Dad_NN1 ,_, who_PNQS kept_VVD his_APPGE bowls_NN2 in_II his_APPGE Gladstone_NP1 bag_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Lees_NP1 '_GE general_JJ store_NN1 had_VHD everything_PN1 you_PPY could_VM want_VVI except_CS pies_NN2 and_CC icecreams_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ you_PPY got_VVD from_II the_AT Duck_NN In_RP down_RP by_II the_AT picture_NN1 theatre_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 liked_VVD opening_VVG up_RP all_DB the_AT bins_NN2 under_II the_AT counter_NN1 and_CC sniffing_VVG the_AT sugar_NN1 and_CC raisins_NN2 and_CC flour_NN1 and_CC currants_NN2 and_CC eating_VVG handfuls_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT store_NN1 was_VBDZ dark_JJ because_CS even_RR the_AT windows_NN2 were_VBDR crammed_VVN up_RP with_IW things_NN2 ,_, but_CCB that_DD1 made_VVD it_PPH1 all_DB the_AT more_DAR fun_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 used_VMK to_TO lift_VVI down_RP the_AT jars_NN2 of_IO lollies_NN2 and_CC weigh_VV0 out_RP some_DD on_II the_AT scales_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX were_VBDR liquorice_NN1 allsorts_NN2 ,_, cough_NN1 drops_NN2 ,_, Irish_JJ Moss_NN1 jubes_NN2 ,_, ordinary_JJ soft_JJ jubes_NN2 ,_, oranges_NN2 and_CC lemons_NN2 jubes_VVZ ,_, hard_JJ jubes_NN2 ,_, the_AT black_JJ ones_NN2 the_AT best_JJT ,_, boiled_JJ sweets_NN2 in_II cellophane_NN1 ,_, Minties_NP1 and_CC milk_NN1 toffees_NN2 ,_, chocolate_NN1 roughs_VVZ ,_, chocolates_NN2 wrapped_VVD in_II coloured_JJ tinfoil_NN1 ,_, aniseed_NN1 balls_NN2 ,_, blackballs_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ we_PPIS2 loved_VVD ,_, all_DB sorts_NN2 of_IO toffees_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX were_VBDR open_JJ cardboard_NN1 boxes_NN2 of_IO cinnamon_NN1 bars_NN2 ,_, toffee_NN1 bars_NN2 ,_, Buzz_FU bars_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX were_VBDR packets_NN2 of_IO barley_NN1 sugar_NN1 and_CC special_JJ toffees_NN2 from_II England_NP1 ,_, some_DD of_IO them_PPHO2 in_II neat_JJ tin_NN1 containers_NN2 like_II some_DD of_IO the_AT tea_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX were_VBDR hokey_NN1 pokey_NN1 and_CC liquorice_NN1 and_CC sherberts_NN2 and_CC suckers_NN2 and_CC gob_NN1 stoppers_NN2 and_CC acid_NN1 drops_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 tried_VVD all_DB of_IO them_PPHO2 and_CC never_RR got_VVN sick_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX were_VBDR also_RR the_AT cigarettes_NN2 and_CC tobacco_NN1 :_: First_MD Lord_NP1 ,_, Craven_NP1 A_ZZ1 ,_, De_NP1 Reszke_NP1 ,_, Capstan_NN1 ,_, Senior_JJ Service_NN1 ,_, Matinee_NP1 ,_, and_CC the_AT packets_NN2 of_IO Riverhead_NP1 Gold_NN1 tobacco_NN1 with_IW the_AT woman_NN1 in_II the_AT big_JJ straw_NN1 hat_NN1 on_II the_AT front_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL \_NULL Mr_NNB Lees_NP1 had_VHD signs_NN2 outside_II the_AT shop_NN1 saying_VVG *'_" ^_NULL Time_NNT1 for_IF a_AT1 Capstan_NN1 **'_" and_CC *'_" ^_NULL Senior_JJ Service_NN1 Satisfies_VVZ **'_" ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 215+TEXT+G28_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Since_CS the_AT strait_NN1 is_VBZ reknown_NN1 **[_NULL sic_RR **]_NULL for_IF its_APPGE rapid_JJ weather_NN1 changes_NN2 and_CC equally_RR rapid_JJ deterioration_NN1 of_IO sea_NN1 conditions_NN2 ,_, I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ determined_VVN to_TO maintain_VVI a_AT1 fast_JJ speed_NN1 ,_, higher_JJR than_CSN the_AT usual_JJ three_MC and_CC a_AT1 half_NN to_II four_MC knot_NN1 cruising_VVG pace_NN1 ,_, but_CCB maintaining_VVG enough_DD energy_NN1 in_II reserve_JJ to_TO cope_VVI with_IW a_AT1 change_NN1 in_II weather_NN1 or_CC sea_NN1 conditions_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT strong_JJ tidal_JJ streams_NN2 running_VVG through_II the_AT strait_NN1 ,_, set_VVD eastward_RL with_IW the_AT rising_JJ tide_NN1 for_IF six_MC hours_NNT2 then_RT westward_RL with_IW the_AT ebb_NN1 tide_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 similar_JJ period_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Their_APPGE strength_NN1 varies_VVZ from_II half_DB a_AT1 knot_NN1 to_II two_MC and_CC a_AT1 half_DB knots_NN2 ,_, but_CCB in_II the_AT narrowest_JJT section_NN1 of_IO the_AT strait_NN1 ,_, between_II Ruapuke_NP Island_NNL1 and_CC Bluff_NN1 Harbour_NP1 ,_, the_AT streams_NN2 sometimes_RT attain_VV0 a_AT1 rate_NN1 of_IO three_MC knots_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL If_CS Max_NP1 and_CC I_PPIS1 set_VVD off_RP after_II dawn_NNT1 ,_, the_AT last_MD two_MC hours_NNT2 of_IO the_AT flood_NN1 stream_NN1 would_VM carry_VVI us_PPIO2 westward_RL until_CS we_PPIS2 met_VVD slack_JJ water_NN1 ,_, hopefully_RR about_II mid-strait_NN1 ,_, then_RT the_AT ebb_NN1 stream_NN1 would_VM push_VVI us_PPIO2 to_II the_AT east_ND1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Although_CS we_PPIS2 would_VM stay_VVI on_II the_AT same_DA compass_NN1 bearing_NN1 ,_, our_APPGE completed_JJ crossing_NN1 would_VM describe_VVI a_AT1 dogleg_NN1 course_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Lesley_NP1 had_VHD served_VVN cups_NN2 of_IO tea_NN1 and_CC bowls_NN2 of_IO muesli_NN1 at_II 5.30_MC {_NULL a.m_RA ._. ^ }_NULL whilst_CS we_PPIS2 'd_VHD remained_VVN ensconced_VVD in_II the_AT sleeping_NN1 bags_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT 6_MC {_NULL a.m_RA ._. ^ }_NULL forecast_NN1 was_VBDZ for_IF 10_MC to_II 20_MC knot_NN1 north-easterlies_NN2 ,_, up_RG21 to_RG22 25_MC knots_NN2 later_RRR in_II the_AT day_NNT1 ,_, with_IW moderate_JJ seas_NN2 and_CC some_DD showers_NN2 later_RRR on_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL Maestro_NP1 's_GE complaints_NN2 that_CST his_APPGE sleeping_NN1 bag_NN1 was_VBDZ not_XX warm_JJ enough_RR were_VBDR justified_VVN when_CS we_PPIS2 'd_VHD heard_VVN it_PPH1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 seven_MC degree_NN1 frost_NN1 in_II Invercargill_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Max_NP1 and_CC I_PPIS1 had_VHD donned_VVN our_APPGE wetsuits_NN2 and_CC woollen_JJ singlets_NN2 in_II the_AT relative_JJ warmth_NN1 of_IO the_AT lounge_NN1 room_NN1 before_II de-icing_VVG the_AT van_NN1 's_VBZ windscreen_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL When_CS we_PPIS2 lifted_VVD the_AT two_MC yellow_JJ Nordkapps_NP1 off_II the_AT van_NN1 's_VBZ roofrack_NN1 at_II the_AT freezing_JJ work_NN1 's_VBZ car_NN1 park_NN1 ,_, the_AT decks_NN2 were_VBDR coated_VVN with_IW a_AT1 thick_JJ coating_NN1 of_IO white_JJ frost_NN1 crystals_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Into_II the_AT compartments_NN2 Max_NP1 and_CC I_PPIS1 loaded_VVD fibrefill_NN1 sleeping_NN1 bags_NN2 ,_, duvets_NN2 ,_, torches_NN2 ,_, a_AT1 repair_NN1 kit_NN1 ,_, medical_JJ kit_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 change_NN1 of_IO clothes_NN2 ,_, radio_NN1 and_CC sufficient_JJ food_NN1 to_II tide_NN1 us_PPIO2 over_RP for_IF one_MC1 night_NNT1 on_II the_AT island_NN1 in_CS21 case_CS22 we_PPIS2 did_VDD n't_XX reach_VVI Halfmoon_NP Bay_NNL1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL As_CSA daylight_NN1 strengthened_VVD I_PPIS1 kept_VVD glancing_VVG at_II the_AT strait_NN1 ,_, desperately_RR trying_VVG to_TO dispel_VVI my_APPGE anxiety_NN1 of_IO the_AT crossing_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Max_NP1 seemed_VVD bright_JJ and_CC chirpy_JJ as_CSA he_PPHS1 chatted_VVD and_CC joshed_VVD with_IW the_AT girls_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL My_APPGE sense_NN1 of_IO humour_NN1 was_VBDZ conspicuously_RR absent_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL All_DB through_II the_AT previous_JJ day_NNT1 and_CC evening_NNT1 I_PPIS1 had_VHD been_VBN in_II my_APPGE usual_JJ period_NN1 of_IO intense_JJ worry_NN1 before_II the_AT start_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 *"_" big_JJ trip_NN1 **"_" ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Waves_NN2 were_VBDR breaking_VVG gently_RR along_II the_AT exposed_JJ rocky_JJ foreshore_NN1 indicating_VVG the_AT virtual_JJ absence_NN1 of_IO swell_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL On_II the_AT south-eastern_JJ horizon_NN1 the_AT pale_JJ light_NN1 of_IO dawn_NNT1 exposed_VVD a_AT1 continuous_JJ bank_NN1 of_IO ominous_JJ cloud_NN1 which_DDQ merged_VVD in_RP with_IW the_AT eastern_JJ coast_NN1 of_IO Stewart_NP Island_NNL1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL By_II 7.30_MC {_NULL a.m_RA ._. ^ }_NULL Max_NP1 had_VHD launched_VVN from_II a_AT1 small_JJ sandy_JJ beach_NN1 while_CS I_PPIS1 fluffed_VVD around_RP with_IW camera_NN1 straps_NN2 ,_, compass_NN1 straps_NN2 ,_, parka_NN1 and_CC lifejacket_NN1 tapes_NN2 ,_, all_DB of_IO which_DDQ were_VBDR in_II the_AT way_NN1 whilst_CS I_PPIS1 pulled_VVD on_II the_AT sprayskirt_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 slid_VVD into_II *1_NULL Isadora_NP1 's_GE *0_NULL cockpit_NN1 only_RR to_TO realize_VVI the_AT confounded_JJ sprayskirt_NN1 was_VBDZ inside_RL21 out_RL22 ._. ^ ^_NULL Back_RP in_II the_AT cockpit_NN1 I_PPIS1 knuckled_VVD the_AT sprayskirt_NN1 into_II position_NN1 over_II the_AT coaming_NN1 and_CC lastly_RR fumbled_VVD light_JJ plastic_NN1 gloves_NN2 over_II my_APPGE numb_JJ fingers_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 wore_VVD a_AT1 light_JJ woollen_JJ jumper_NN1 over_II the_AT singlet_NN1 and_CC wetsuit_NN1 and_CC felt_VVD sure_JJ of_IO overheating_VVG before_II long_RT but_CCB the_AT cold_JJ in_II my_APPGE fingers_NN2 overrode_VVD my_APPGE better_JJR judgement_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 tug_NN1 made_VVD sure_JJ the_AT chart_NN1 lay_VVD firmly_RR secure_JJ and_CC Maestro_NP1 pushed_VVD *1_NULL Isadora_NP1 onto_II the_AT sea_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL After_CS a_AT1 curt_JJ nod_NN1 to_II the_AT support_NN1 crew_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 brief_JJ glance_NN1 at_II the_AT car_NN1 park_NN1 where_RRQ a_AT1 crowd_NN of_IO curious_JJ freezing_JJ workers_NN2 stood_VVD watching_VVG ,_, I_PPIS1 trailed_VVD Max_NP1 through_II a_AT1 line_NN1 of_IO low_JJ reefs_NN2 and_CC into_II the_AT strait_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Over_II the_AT Nordkapp_NP1 bows_VVZ the_AT soft_JJ blue_JJ outline_NN1 of_IO Stewart_NP Island_NNL1 seemed_VVD much_RR further_RRR away_RL than_CSN the_AT 20_MC miles_NNU2 which_DDQ the_AT map_NN1 indicated_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 soon_RR felt_VVD constricted_VVD by_II the_AT jumper_NN1 and_CC called_VVN to_II Max_NP1 for_IF a_AT1 raft-up_NN1 so_CS I_PPIS1 could_VM remove_VVI the_AT offending_JJ garment_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Such_DA had_VHD been_VBN my_APPGE state_NN1 of_IO fluster_NN1 during_II the_AT launching_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 had_VHD forgotten_VVN to_TO secure_VVI my_APPGE glasses_NN2 and_CC quickly_RR remedied_VVD the_AT situation_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL We_PPIS2 agreed_VVD to_TO head_VVI for_IF a_AT1 shallow_JJ V_ZZ1 in_II the_AT skyline_NN1 ridge_NN1 of_IO the_AT island_NN1 and_CC set_VVD off_RP paddling_VVG only_RR to_II stop_NN1 again_RT to_TO slip_VVI on_II the_AT skegs_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Up_RP till_II now_RT they_PPHS2 'd_VHD been_VBN tied_VVN on_II the_AT decks_NN2 but_CCB the_AT light_JJ north-easterly_JJ breeze_NN1 kept_VVD skating_VVG the_AT sterns_NN2 to_II the_AT east_ND1 ,_, a_AT1 problem_NN1 easily_RR corrected_VVD by_II the_AT centreboard_NN1 action_NN1 of_IO the_AT skegs_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL A_AT1 ray_NN1 of_IO light_NN1 caught_VVD my_APPGE eye_NN1 and_CC the_AT sun_NN1 peeked_VVD over_II Bluff_NN1 headland_NN1 ,_, casting_VVG a_AT1 soft_JJ golden_JJ glow_NN1 over_II the_AT yellow_JJ kayaks_NN2 and_CC dark_JJ green_JJ seas_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Its_APPGE warmth_NN1 began_VVD dispelling_VVG the_AT numbness_NN1 from_II my_APPGE fingers_NN2 and_CC easing_VVG the_AT anxiety_NN1 I_PPIS1 felt_VVD of_IO being_VBG out_RP in_II the_AT strait_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Frequently_RR I_PPIS1 glanced_VVD astern_RL to_II the_AT Southland_NP1 Coast_NP1 to_TO check_VVI progress_NN1 and_CC we_PPIS2 seemed_VVD to_TO be_VBI making_VVG excellent_JJ speed_NN1 ,_, aided_VVN by_II the_AT following_JJ breeze_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Max_NP1 still_RR seemed_VVD bright_JJ and_CC chirpy_NN1 ,_, completely_RR unruffled_JJ ,_, perhaps_RR a_AT1 little_JJ overconfident_NN1 I_PPIS1 thought_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL During_II a_AT1 brief_JJ spell_NN1 when_RRQ I_PPIS1 slipped_VVD the_AT Rollei_NP1 camera_NN1 from_II its_APPGE waterproof_JJ container_NN1 ,_, Max_NP1 asked_VVD ,_, ^_NULL *"_" Can_VM you_PPY do_VDI an_AT1 Eskimo_JJ Rollei_NP1 ?_? **"_" ^ ^_NULL The_AT usual_JJ standard_NN1 of_IO terrible_JJ puns_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Well_RR into_II the_AT second_MD hour_NNT1 of_IO paddling_VVG we_PPIS2 had_VHD both_DB2 settled_VVN into_II a_AT1 steady_JJ rhythm_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Brief_JJ attempts_NN2 at_II conversation_NN1 had_VHD to_TO be_VBI shouted_VVN across_II the_AT intervening_JJ stretch_NN1 of_IO water_NN1 between_II the_AT Nordkapps_NP1 so_CS we_PPIS2 settled_VVD into_II our_APPGE own_DA little_JJ worlds_NN2 and_CC concentrated_VVD on_II paddling_VVG ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL To_II the_AT east_ND1 ,_, the_AT Bluff-based_JJ oyster_NN1 boat_NN1 fleet_NNJ was_VBDZ making_VVG the_AT most_DAT of_IO the_AT last_MD few_DA2 days_NNT2 of_IO the_AT season_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL To_II the_AT west_ND1 the_AT snow-capped_JJ summit_NN1 of_IO \_NULL Mt_NP1 ._. ^ Anglem_NN1 ,_, the_AT highest_JJT point_NN1 on_II Stewart_NP Island_NNL1 ,_, stood_VVD clear_JJ against_II the_AT crisp_JJ blue_JJ sky_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Of_IO the_AT Fiordland_NP1 ranges_NN2 ,_, only_RR the_AT snow-covered_JJ peaks_NN2 were_VBDR visible_JJ above_II the_AT watery_JJ horizon_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL When_CS we_PPIS2 rafted_VVD up_RP at_II 10_MC {_NULL a.m_RA ._. ^ }_NULL for_IF a_AT1 spell_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 snack_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ in_II a_AT1 much_RR happier_JJR and_CC relaxed_JJ state_NN1 of_IO mind_NN1 and_CC more_RGR confident_JJ of_IO making_VVG a_AT1 successful_JJ crossing_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL My_APPGE fingers_NN2 had_VHD thawed_VVN out_RP completely_RR ,_, returning_VVG to_II their_APPGE usual_JJ pink_JJ colour_NN1 and_CC I_PPIS1 removed_VVD the_AT plastic_NN1 gloves_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Max_NP1 remained_VVD in_II high_JJ spirits_NN2 and_CC even_RR on_II this_DD1 first_MD day_NNT1 of_IO paddling_VVG together_RL ,_, there_EX seemed_VVD to_TO be_VBI the_AT old_JJ camaraderie_NN1 between_II us_PPIO2 which_DDQ had_VHD developed_VVN through_II the_AT trials_NN2 and_CC tribulations_NN2 of_IO the_AT Fiordland_NP1 expedition_NN1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL We_PPIS2 ate_VVD a_AT1 food_NN1 bar_NN1 ,_, several_DA2 biscuits_NN2 and_CC chewed_JJ glucose_NN1 tablets_NN2 for_IF some_DD instant_JJ energy_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Scarcely_RR five_MC minutes_NNT2 passed_VVN before_CS I_PPIS1 felt_VVD the_AT need_NN1 to_TO push_VVI on_RP just_RR in_CS21 case_CS22 the_AT wind_NN1 came_VVD away_RP and_CC urged_VVD ,_, ^_NULL *"_" It_PPH1 's_VBZ time_NNT1 to_TO go_VVI **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL With_IW the_AT two_MC Nordkapps_NP1 locked_VVD together_RL during_II the_AT raft_NN1 up_RP ,_, arms_NN2 gripped_VVD across_II each_PPX221 other_PPX222 's_GE decklines_NN2 ,_, I_PPIS1 felt_VVD a_AT1 strong_JJ sense_NN1 of_IO security_NN1 but_CCB as_CS31 soon_CS32 as_CS33 we_PPIS2 drifted_VVD apart_RL ,_, and_CC up_II21 to_II22 the_AT time_NNT1 I_PPIS1 could_VM resume_VVI paddling_VVG ,_, I_PPIS1 felt_VVD decidedly_RR unstable_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Once_RR into_II the_AT familiar_JJ rhythm_NN1 again_RT I_PPIS1 felt_VVD fine_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Only_RR during_II the_AT third_MD hour_NNT1 did_VDD I_PPIS1 relax_VVI enough_DD to_TO forget_VVI about_II potential_JJ dangers_NN2 and_CC begin_VVI to_TO enjoy_VVI the_AT situation_NN1 ,_, taking_VVG several_DA2 deep_JJ breaths_NN2 ,_, smelling_VVG the_AT tang_NN1 of_IO the_AT sea_NN1 ,_, savouring_VVG the_AT beautiful_JJ silence_NN1 ,_, and_CC glancing_VVG over_RP my_APPGE shoulder_NN1 to_TO see_VVI how_RGQ distant_JJ lay_JJ Bluff_NN1 headland_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Contrasted_JJ against_II the_AT green_JJ forest_NN1 and_CC scrub_NN1 of_IO the_AT island_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 white_JJ dot_NN1 caught_VVD my_APPGE attention_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 cleared_JJ headland_NN1 on_II its_APPGE western_JJ side_NN1 jogged_VVD my_APPGE memory_NN1 and_CC I_PPIS1 remembered_VVD a_AT1 picture_NN1 postcard_NN1 view_NN1 of_IO Halfmoon_NP Bay_NNL1 ;_; it_PPH1 was_VBDZ Mamaku_NP Point_NNL1 and_CC the_AT white_JJ dot_NN1 was_VBDZ the_AT Ackers_NP Point_NNL1 automatic_JJ lighthouse_NN1 at_II the_AT entrance_NN1 of_IO the_AT bay_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Excitedly_RR I_PPIS1 pointed_VVD out_RP the_AT landmark_NN1 to_II Max_NP1 and_CC we_PPIS2 agreed_VVD to_TO head_VVI directly_RR for_IF Halfmoon_NP Bay_NNL1 ,_, saving_VVG time_NNT1 and_CC making_VVG the_AT most_DAT of_IO the_AT favourable_JJ paddling_JJ conditions_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT trees_NN2 on_II the_AT shore_NN1 looked_VVD comfortably_RR close_JJ and_CC I_PPIS1 knew_VVD we_PPIS2 had_VHD made_VVN it_PPH1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Abeam_NN1 of_IO the_AT eastern-most_RGT Muttonbird_NP Island_NNL1 ,_, Max_NP1 called_VVD out_RP that_CST we_PPIS2 were_VBDR being_VBG swept_VVN east_ND1 by_II the_AT ebb_NN1 tidal_JJ stream_NN1 towards_II the_AT islands_NN2 and_CC we_PPIS2 changed_VVD course_NN1 to_TO compensate_VVI for_IF the_AT tidal_JJ drift_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 passed_VVD through_II a_AT1 shoal_NN1 area_NN1 marked_VVN by_II a_AT1 line_NN1 of_IO whitecaps_NN2 and_CC a_AT1 short_JJ choppy_JJ sea_NN1 ,_, where_CS the_AT tidal_JJ stream_NN1 ,_, constricted_VVN by_II shallowing_NN1 of_IO the_AT sea_NN1 bed_NN1 ,_, sped_VVD up_RP to_TO form_VVI a_AT1 tide_NN1 race_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL With_IW Max_NP1 in_II the_AT lead_NN1 we_PPIS2 paddled_VVD for_IF 10_MC minutes_NNT2 over_II a_AT1 lumpy_JJ sea_NN1 ,_, passing_VVG obliquely_RR across_II the_AT tide_NN1 race_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL After_II passing_VVG the_AT grey_JJ granite_NN1 slabs_NN2 and_CC pillars_NN2 of_IO Mamaku_NP Point_NNL1 we_PPIS2 crossed_VVD Horseshoe_NP Bay_NNL1 with_IW a_AT1 beautiful_JJ white_JJ sandy_JJ beach_NN1 at_II its_APPGE head_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 could_VM feel_VVI the_AT excitement_NN1 mounting_VVG at_II the_AT prospect_NN1 of_IO landing_VVG in_II31 front_II32 of_II33 the_AT Halfmoon_NP Bay_NNL1 Hotel_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 'd_VHD been_VBN at_II sea_NN1 less_RR21 than_RR22 four_MC and_CC a_AT1 half_DB hours_NNT2 but_CCB I_PPIS1 felt_VVD relieved_VVD to_TO be_VBI so_RG close_RR to_II shore_NN1 again_RT ._. ^ ^_NULL Shags_NP1 squatting_VVG on_II their_APPGE white-daubed_JJ perches_NN2 cast_VV0 nervous_JJ glances_NN2 our_APPGE way_NN1 ,_, hesitating_VVG at_II flight_NN1 from_II a_AT1 possible_JJ threat_NN1 of_IO the_AT two_MC yellow_JJ kayaks_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL We_PPIS2 glided_VVD beneath_II the_AT shadowed_JJ walls_NN2 of_IO Bragg_NP Point_NNL1 and_CC the_AT panorama_NN1 of_IO Halfmoon_NP Bay_NNL1 opened_VVD up_RP over_II the_AT bows_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL For_IF both_DB2 Max_NP1 and_CC myself_PPX1 this_DD1 was_VBDZ our_APPGE first_MD visit_NN1 to_II the_AT island_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Twelve_MC midday_NNT1 and_CC our_APPGE destination_NN1 in_II sight_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT water_NN1 beneath_II the_AT kayaks_NN2 was_VBDZ crystal_NN1 clear_JJ with_IW the_AT rocky_JJ bottom_NN1 and_CC long_RR waving_VVG strands_NN2 of_IO bull_NN1 kelp_NN1 clearly_RR visible_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL After_II stopping_VVG for_IF a_AT1 quick_JJ photo_NN1 I_PPIS1 tried_VVD to_TO catch_VVI Max_NP1 who_PNQS was_VBDZ heading_VVG for_IF the_AT moored_JJ fishing_NN1 fleet_NNJ at_II a_AT1 great_JJ rate_NN1 of_IO knots_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 wondered_VVD if_CS anyone_PN1 would_VM be_VBI waiting_VVG for_IF us_PPIO2 on_II the_AT beach_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT support_NN1 crew_NN1 would_VM not_XX cross_VVI until_CS the_AT following_JJ day_NNT1 on_II the_AT ferry_NN1 *1_NULL Wairua_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT north-easterly_JJ breeze_NN1 pushed_VVD us_PPIO2 quickly_RR down_RP to_II the_AT middle_NN1 of_IO the_AT bay_NN1 until_CS we_PPIS2 drew_VVD abeam_NN1 of_IO the_AT fisheries_NN2 protection_NN1 vessel_NN1 *1_NULL Ngati_NP1 Moki_NP1 ,_, *0_NULL moored_VVD against_II a_AT1 large_JJ wooden_JJ wharf_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL As_II the_AT only_RR two_MC storied_JJ building_NN1 behind_II the_AT beach_NN1 front_NN1 ,_, the_AT pub_NN1 beckoned_VVD to_II us_PPIO2 over_II the_AT last_MD 200_MC yards_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Two_MC figures_NN2 walked_VVD down_RP to_II the_AT water_NN1 's_VBZ edge_NN1 as_CSA Max_NP1 landed_VVD through_II a_AT1 tiny_JJ surf_NN1 *-_- it_PPH1 was_VBDZ Chalky_JJ and_CC Jeannie_NP1 White_NP1 from_II Nelson_NP1 who_PNQS 'd_VHD flown_VVN over_II the_AT previous_JJ day_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 released_VVD the_AT skeg_NN1 and_CC **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ran_VVD *1_NULL Isadora_NP1 's_GE *0_NULL bow_NN1 onto_II the_AT beach_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 had_VHD covered_VVN 25_MC miles_NNU2 in_II four_MC hours_NNT2 and_CC ten_MC minutes_NNT2 for_IF an_AT1 average_JJ speed_NN1 of_IO 4.7_MC knots_NN2 and_CC were_VBDR surprised_JJ at_II the_AT speed_NN1 we_PPIS2 had_VHD managed_VVN to_TO sustain_VVI across_II the_AT strait_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Still_RR clad_VVN in_II the_AT damp_JJ wetsuits_NN2 ,_, Max_NP1 and_CC I_PPIS1 were_VBDR ushered_VVN by_II the_AT Whites_NP1 into_II the_AT hotel_NN1 for_IF lunch_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 beer_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_RL we_PPIS2 were_VBDR joined_VVN by_II Innes_NP1 Dunstan_NP1 ,_, the_AT postmaster_NN1 ,_, and_CC Michael_NP1 Goomes_NP1 ,_, manager_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 tourist_NN1 agency_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II a_AT1 slightly_RR tiddly_RR state_VV0 ,_, Max_NP1 and_CC I_PPIS1 left_VVD the_AT pub_NN1 and_CC set_VVD up_RP camp_NN1 in_II Innes_NP1 's_GE house_NN1 adjacent_II21 to_II22 the_AT Post_NN1 Office_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT light_JJ north-easterly_JJ breeze_NN1 persisted_VVD through_II the_AT gloriously_RR warm_JJ ,_, sunny_JJ afternoon_NNT1 and_CC we_PPIS2 were_VBDR tempted_VVN to_TO make_VVI the_AT most_DAT of_IO the_AT settled_JJ weather_NN1 and_CC take_VV0 off_RP before_II the_AT support_NN1 crew_NN1 arrived_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ only_RR one_MC1 minor_JJ hitch_NN1 *-_- the_AT crew_NN1 had_VHD all_DB our_APPGE food_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Later_RRR we_PPIS2 joined_VVD the_AT 5_MC o'clock_RA session_NNT1 at_II the_AT Halfmoon_NP Bay_NNL1 Hotel_NN1 and_CC met_VVD some_DD of_IO the_AT island_NN1 's_VHZ fishermen_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 spread_VVD the_AT maps_NN2 and_CC charts_VVZ out_RP on_II a_AT1 table_NN1 top_NN1 and_CC was_VBDZ surprised_JJ to_TO find_VVI that_CST the_AT consensus_NN1 of_IO opinion_NN1 from_II the_AT fishermen_NN2 was_VBDZ that_CST we_PPIS2 should_VM not_XX tackle_VVI the_AT circumnavigation_NN1 as_CSA planned_VVN but_CCB instead_RR paddle_VV0 in_II an_AT1 anti-clockwise_JJ direction_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 could_VM see_VVI some_DD merit_NN1 in_II this_DD1 advice_NN1 but_CCB we_PPIS2 would_VM need_VVI the_AT food_NN1 dump_NN1 at_II the_AT southern_JJ end_NN1 of_IO the_AT island_NN1 where_RRQ foot_NN1 access_NN1 is_VBZ impossible_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 mulled_VVD over_II the_AT problem_NN1 until_CS Merv_NP1 King_NP1 ,_, owner-skipper_NN1 of_IO the_AT *1_NULL Clione_NP1 ,_, *0_NULL kindly_RR offered_VVN to_TO take_VVI the_AT food_NN1 on_RL21 board_RL22 as_CSA he_PPHS1 would_VM be_VBI steaming_VVG down_RP to_II Port_NNL1 Pegasus_NP next_MD day_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Unfortunately_RR it_PPH1 would_VM obviate_VVI the_AT need_NN1 for_IF the_AT support_NN1 crew_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL From_II Colin_NP1 Hopkins_NP1 ,_, skipper_NN1 of_IO the_AT *1_NULL Othello_NP1 ,_, *0_NULL we_PPIS2 learnt_VVD that_CST the_AT tidal_JJ stream_NN1 ,_, strength_NN1 and_CC movement_NN1 ,_, off_II South_NP1 and_CC South_NP West_NP1 capes_NN2 is_VBZ more_RGR complicated_JJ than_CSN is_VBZ described_VVN in_II the_AT *1_NULL New_NP Zealand_NP1 Pilot_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL Colin_NP1 drew_VVD a_AT1 diagram_NN1 in_II the_AT back_NN1 of_IO my_APPGE diary_NN1 showing_VVG the_AT tidal_JJ stream_NN1 directions_NN2 around_II the_AT island_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL With_IW the_AT rising_NN1 or_CC flood_NN1 tide_NN1 ,_, the_AT east-going_JJ stream_NN1 splits_VVZ off_RP Mason_NP Bay_NNL1 ,_, not_XX South_NP West_NP Cape_NP1 as_CSA described_VVN in_II the_AT *1_NULL Pilot_NN1 ,_, *0_NULL flowing_VVG round_II the_AT north_ND1 and_CC south_ND1 ends_NN2 of_IO the_AT island_NN1 to_TO rejoin_VVI off_II Port_NNL1 Adventure_NP on_II the_AT east_ND1 coast_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT reverse_NN1 occurs_VVZ with_IW the_AT ebb_NN1 tide_NN1 and_CC both_DB2 streams_NN2 run_VV0 for_IF approximately_RR six_MC hours_NNT2 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB Colin_NP1 pointed_VVD out_RP the_AT situation_NN1 between_II Flour_NP Cask_NP Bay_NNL1 and_CC South_NP West_NP Cape_NP1 is_VBZ even_RR more_RGR complex_JJ as_CSA close_JJ inshore_JJ ,_, the_AT ebb_NN1 tide_NN1 runs_VVZ for_IF only_RR two_MC hours_NNT2 ,_, although_CS only_RR half_DB a_AT1 mile_NNU1 offshore_RL it_PPH1 runs_VVZ for_IF four_MC to_II five_MC hours_NNT2 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 216+TEXT+G29_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL His_APPGE legal_JJ studies_NN2 on_II returning_VVG home_RL started_VVD at_II the_AT Auckland_NP1 University_NNL1 College_NN1 and_CC he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ employed_VVN with_IW the_AT firm_NNJ of_IO Alison_NP1 and_CC Alderton_NP1 ,_, Barristers_NN2 and_CC Solicitors_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 often_RR boasted_VVD that_CST he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ *"_" called_VVN to_II the_AT bar_NN1 **"_" in_II 1921_MC and_CC had_VHD remained_VVN there_RL ever_RR since_RR ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL My_APPGE parents_NN2 were_VBDR married_JJ at_II \_NULL St_NP Peters_NP1 Church_NNJ ,_, Takapuna_NP1 ,_, on_II 29_MC December_NPM1 1921_MC ;_; my_APPGE mother_NN1 Ellen_NP1 Sarah_NP1 Dalston_NP1 being_VBG a_AT1 person_NN1 of_IO remarkable_JJ patience_NN1 and_CC flexibility_NN1 of_IO mind_NN1 ,_, qualities_NN2 that_CST were_VBDR to_TO prove_VVI essential_JJ in_II their_APPGE marriage_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT vicar_NN1 who_PNQS performed_VVD the_AT ceremony_NN1 was_VBDZ the_AT \_NULL Rev._NNB {_NULL W.G._NP }_NULL Monckton_NP1 {_NULL M.A._NNA }_NULL ,_, a_AT1 cousin_NN1 of_IO Lord_NNB Galway_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Monckton_NP1 had_VHD a_AT1 remarkable_JJ wit_NN1 which_DDQ could_VM be_VBI quite_RG bawdy_JJ for_IF a_AT1 minister_NN1 and_CC despite_II my_APPGE father_NN1 's_VBZ openly_RR expressed_VVN agnosticism_NN1 they_PPHS2 were_VBDR joined_VVN in_II friendship_NN1 by_II a_AT1 mutual_JJ interest_NN1 in_II humour_NN1 ,_, particularly_RR in_II the_AT writing_NN1 of_IO rather_RG naughty_JJ verse_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL On_II one_MC1 occasion_NN1 ,_, Monckton_NP1 was_VBDZ addressing_VVG the_AT watersiders_NN2 ,_, extolling_VVG the_AT virtues_NN2 of_IO the_AT Christian_JJ life_NN1 ,_, when_CS one_MC1 of_IO the_AT wharfies_NN2 asked_VVD :_: ^_NULL *"_" What_DDQ about_II those_DD2 parson_NN1 jokers_NN2 who_PNQS hold_VV0 a_AT1 bible_NN1 in_II one_MC1 hand_NN1 and_CC pick_VV0 your_APPGE pockets_NN2 with_IW the_AT other_JJ hand_NN1 ?_? **"_" ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" That_DD1 ,_, my_APPGE man_NN1 ,_, **"_" replied_VVD Monckton_NP1 *"_" shows_VVZ the_AT true_JJ value_NN1 of_IO the_AT Bible_NN1 ,_, for_CS if_CS he_PPHS1 did_VDD n't_XX have_VHI a_AT1 Bible_NN1 in_II one_MC1 hand_NN1 ,_, he_PPHS1 would_VM be_VBI picking_VVG your_APPGE pockets_NN2 with_IW both_DB2 ._. **"_" ^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX were_VBDR two_MC children_NN2 in_II our_APPGE family_NN ,_, my_APPGE sister_NN1 Pat_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS married_VVD Norman_NP1 Quarrie_NP1 ,_, and_CC myself_PPX1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Pat_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS died_VVD suddenly_RR in_II 1981_MC ,_, inherited_VVD Bryce_NP1 's_GE outgoing_JJ personality_NN1 and_CC quick_JJ wit_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL One_MC1 of_IO their_APPGE favourite_JJ pastimes_NN2 was_VBDZ to_TO enter_VVI into_II battles_NN2 of_IO correspondence_NN1 to_II the_AT editors_NN2 in_II Auckland_NP1 newspapers_NN2 ,_, using_VVG assumed_JJ names_NN2 and_CC triggering_VVG off_II arguments_NN2 on_II trivial_JJ subjects_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL A_AT1 typical_JJ example_NN1 of_IO Bryce_NP1 's_GE letters_NN2 was_VBDZ one_PN1 in_II which_DDQ he_PPHS1 stated_VVD that_CST he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 recently_RR arrived_VVN immigrant_JJ from_II England_NP1 ,_, (_( he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ ,_, in_II fact_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 second_MD generation_NN1 New_JJ Zealander_NP1 )_) ,_, who_PNQS was_VBDZ delighted_JJ with_IW the_AT country_NN1 ,_, the_AT beautiful_JJ scenery_NN1 ,_, the_AT climate_NN1 and_CC the_AT standard_NN1 of_IO living_VVG ,_, but_CCB he_PPHS1 asked_VVD readers_NN2 to_TO explain_VVI the_AT curious_JJ fact_NN1 that_CST there_EX were_VBDR so_RG many_DA2 ugly_JJ babies_NN2 ,_, and_CC signing_VVG himself_PPX1 *"_" Pom_NP1 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT editor_NN1 ,_, after_CS the_AT wave_NN1 of_IO predictable_JJ reaction_NN1 from_II the_AT readers_NN2 ,_, was_VBDZ finally_RR forced_VVN to_TO declare_VVI the_AT correspondence_NN1 closed_VVD ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL A_AT1 typical_JJ *"_" Bryce_NP1 Hart_NP1 **"_" story_NN1 in_II those_DD2 early_JJ days_NNT2 concerned_VVD the_AT connection_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE first_MD electric_JJ light_NN1 in_II the_AT *"_" Little_JJ Brown_NP House_NNL1 **"_" ,_, as_CSA we_PPIS2 called_VVD it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Gas_NN1 was_VBDZ going_VVG out_II21 of_II22 fashion_NN1 and_CC my_APPGE mother_NN1 Nell_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS always_RR arranged_VVD anything_PN1 of_IO a_AT1 practical_JJ nature_NN1 in_II the_AT family_NN decided_VVD to_TO organise_VVI the_AT installation_NN1 without_IW telling_VVG Bryce_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT story_NN1 goes_VVZ that_CST she_PPHS1 was_VBDZ to_TO arrange_VVI the_AT connection_NN1 ,_, would_VM try_VVI to_TO coax_VVI him_PPHO1 home_RL early_RR so_CS21 that_CS22 by_II the_AT time_NNT1 he_PPHS1 arrived_VVD the_AT house_NN1 would_VM be_VBI lit_VVN up_RP and_CC he_PPHS1 would_VM get_VVI a_AT1 surprise_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL As_CSA Bryce_NP1 described_VVD the_AT incident_NN1 :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL We_PPIS2 lived_VVD in_II the_AT *"_" Little_JJ Brown_NP House_NNL1 **"_" in_II Lake_NNL1 Road_NP ,_, Takapuna_NP1 ,_, until_II 1935_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 must_VM have_VHI seemed_VVN to_II some_DD people_NN an_AT1 unlikely_JJ residence_NN1 for_IF an_AT1 apparently_RR prosperous_JJ ,_, elegant_JJ and_CC well_RR known_JJ lawyer_NN1 ,_, but_CCB it_PPH1 did_VDD in_II fact_NN1 represent_VV0 our_APPGE true_JJ state_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL As_CSA with_IW most_RGT *"_" funny_JJ men_NN2 **"_" there_EX was_VBDZ a_AT1 hidden_JJ side_NN1 to_II his_APPGE character_NN1 which_DDQ few_DA2 outside_II the_AT family_NN and_CC close_JJ friends_NN2 would_VM have_VHI seen_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT pathos_NN1 which_DDQ Chaplin_NP1 used_VVD so_RG successfully_RR and_CC which_DDQ was_VBDZ no_RR21 doubt_RR22 an_AT1 expression_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE own_DA inner_JJ personality_NN1 ,_, was_VBDZ present_JJ to_II some_DD extent_NN1 in_II Bryce_NP1 's_GE character_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ very_RG highly_RR strung_VVN and_CC suffered_VVN from_II a_AT1 duodenal_JJ ulcer_NN1 for_IF much_DA1 of_IO his_APPGE life_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Despite_II his_APPGE apparent_JJ flippancy_NN1 in_II legal_JJ matters_NN2 he_PPHS1 took_VVD his_APPGE work_NN1 seriously_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 often_RR said_VVD that_CST he_PPHS1 hated_VVD the_AT law_NN1 and_CC would_VM have_VHI been_VBN happier_JJR as_II an_AT1 artist_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 believe_VV0 that_CST his_APPGE apparent_JJ dislike_NN1 for_IF his_APPGE job_NN1 was_VBDZ only_RR an_AT1 expression_NN1 of_IO frustration_NN1 at_II the_AT day-to-day_JJ tedium_NN1 typical_JJ of_IO most_DAT occupations_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT law_NN1 at_RR21 least_RR22 gave_VVD him_PPHO1 the_AT opportunity_NN1 to_TO express_VVI his_APPGE fanciful_JJ thoughts_NN2 though_CS these_DD2 might_VM well_RR have_VHI manifested_VVN themselves_PPX2 in_II his_APPGE undoubted_JJ ability_NN1 at_II drawing_NN1 ,_, had_VHD he_PPHS1 chosen_VVN a_AT1 career_NN1 in_II art_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Although_CS he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ by_RR31 no_RR32 means_RR33 a_AT1 modest_JJ person_NN1 and_CC enjoyed_VVD all_DB forms_NN2 of_IO ceremony_NN1 ,_, his_APPGE humour_NN1 seemed_VVD in_II some_DD respects_NN2 a_AT1 reaction_NN1 against_II the_AT formality_NN1 and_CC the_AT gravity_NN1 of_IO the_AT legal_JJ process_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Bryce_NP1 's_GE first_MD *"_" legal_JJ chambers_NN2 **"_" that_CST I_PPIS1 can_VM remember_VVI were_VBDR in_II His_APPGE Majesty_NN1 's_VBZ Arcade_NN1 Building_NN1 ,_, Queen_NNB Street_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT setting_NN1 up_RP of_IO his_APPGE chambers_NN2 had_VHD its_APPGE problems_NN2 ,_, including_II the_AT appointment_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 office_NN1 secretary_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL An_AT1 early_JJ applicant_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 young_JJ girl_NN1 obviously_RR just_RR out_II21 of_II22 school_NN1 ,_, claimed_VVD to_TO be_VBI knowledgeable_JJ in_II legal_JJ office_NN1 procedure_NN1 and_CC was_VBDZ offered_VVN the_AT job_NN1 at_II a_AT1 salary_NN1 Bryce_NP1 could_VM afford_VVI *-_- very_RG little_DA1 no_RR21 doubt_RR22 ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 was_VBDZ given_VVN a_AT1 rough_JJ ,_, hand-scribbled_JJ draft_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 important_JJ letter_NN1 to_TO be_VBI sent_VVN to_II the_AT Supreme_JJ Court_NN1 Judge_NP1 ,_, the_AT \_NULL Hon._JJ \_NULL Mr_NNB21 Justice_NNB22 Callan_NP1 ,_, headed_VVN *"_" Callan_NP1 \_NULL J._NP1 **"_" ^_NULL Bryce_NP1 asked_VVD her_PPHO1 to_TO send_VVI it_PPH1 urgently_RR ,_, and_CC being_VBG anxious_JJ to_TO impress_VVI ,_, she_PPHS1 **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL placed_VVD it_PPH1 in_II an_AT1 envelope_NN1 and_CC posted_VVD it_PPH1 immediately_RR !_! ^ ^_NULL When_CS it_PPH1 was_VBDZ realised_VVN what_DDQ had_VHD happened_VVN ,_, a_AT1 lengthy_JJ plea_NN1 was_VBDZ made_VVN to_II the_AT Chief_JJ Postmaster_NN1 to_TO rescue_VVI the_AT offending_JJ note_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT same_DA girl_NN1 ,_, when_CS asked_VVN to_TO take_VVI a_AT1 copy_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 stamped_JJ legal_JJ document_NN1 ,_, sat_VVD down_RP and_CC made_VVD a_AT1 hand-written_JJ copy_NN1 ,_, including_II a_AT1 picture_NN1 of_IO the_AT stamp_NN1 with_IW an_AT1 unlikely_JJ likeness_NN1 of_IO His_APPGE Majesty_NN1 the_AT King_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Bryce_NP1 decided_VVD that_CST after_CS these_DD2 experiences_NN2 he_PPHS1 would_VM be_VBI wiser_JJR to_TO appoint_VVI a_AT1 more_RGR senior_JJ girl_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL His_APPGE description_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE *"_" law_NN1 library_NN1 **"_" has_VHZ been_VBN told_VVN a_AT1 thousand_NNO times_NNT2 and_CC goes_VVZ something_PN1 like_II this_DD1 :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL On_II swearing_VVG affidavits_VVZ it_PPH1 is_VBZ said_VVN that_CST if_CS he_PPHS1 could_VM not_XX find_VVI his_APPGE Bible_NN1 (_( which_DDQ was_VBDZ signed_VVN *"_" To_II Bryce_NP1 from_II God_NP1 **"_" )_) ,_, he_PPHS1 would_VM swear_VVI his_APPGE clients_NN2 on_II a_AT1 copy_NN1 of_IO *1_NULL Best_JJT Bets_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL This_DD1 might_VM have_VHI seemed_VVN an_AT1 inappropriate_JJ publication_NN1 to_TO play_VVI second-best_RRT to_II the_AT Bible_NN1 ,_, but_CCB he_PPHS1 would_VM have_VHI argued_VVN that_DD1 *1_NULL Best_JJT Bets_NN2 *0_NULL was_VBDZ at_RR21 least_RR22 the_AT *"_" race_NN1 guide_NN1 **"_" ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ reminded_VVN recently_RR by_II an_AT1 old_JJ family_NN friend_NN1 ,_, Squire_NN1 Speedy_NP1 ,_, of_IO a_AT1 remark_NN1 said_VVD to_TO have_VHI been_VBN made_VVN by_II Bryce_NP1 while_CS defending_VVG a_AT1 client_NN1 who_PNQS ,_, he_PPHS1 explained_VVD to_II the_AT Court_NN1 ,_, had_VHD recently_RR been_VBN employed_VVN in_II Malaysia_NP1 as_II a_AT1 keeper_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 herd_NN1 of_IO elephants_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Bryce_NP1 suggested_VVD to_II the_AT magistrate_NN1 that_CST his_APPGE client_NN1 had_VHD probably_RR accepted_VVN the_AT job_NN1 as_II a_AT1 result_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 *"_" trunk_NN1 call_NN1 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 flippant_JJ remark_NN1 appeared_VVD to_TO have_VHI been_VBN received_VVN with_IW little_DA1 amusement_NN1 and_CC possibly_RR with_IW some_DD annoyance_NN1 and_CC Bryce_NP1 must_VM have_VHI detected_VVN this_DD1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 apologised_VVD to_II the_AT court_NN1 and_CC remarked_VVD ,_, ^_NULL *"_" I_PPIS1 am_VBM sorry_JJ ,_, your_APPGE Worship_NN1 ,_, as_CSA I_PPIS1 now_RT realise_VV0 that_CST my_APPGE last_MD remark_NN1 was_VBDZ irrelephant_JJ ._. **"_" ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ not_XX recorded_VVN whether_CSW31 or_CSW32 not_CSW33 the_AT solemnity_NN1 of_IO the_AT Court_NN1 remained_VVD unchanged_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL One_MC1 of_IO the_AT legal_JJ victories_NN2 which_DDQ gave_VVD him_PPHO1 the_AT most_DAT satisfaction_NN1 in_II his_APPGE career_NN1 was_VBDZ in_II the_AT defence_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 Old_JJ English_JJ Sheepdog_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Very_RG few_DA2 of_IO these_DD2 dogs_NN2 were_VBDR to_TO be_VBI seen_VVN in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 in_II those_DD2 days_NNT2 and_CC on_II this_DD1 occasion_NN1 the_AT dog_NN1 had_VHD bitten_VVN a_AT1 man_NN1 who_PNQS went_VVD to_TO stroke_VVI its_APPGE head_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT prosecution_NN1 demanded_VVD that_CST the_AT dog_NN1 be_VBI destroyed_VVN and_CC Bryce_NP1 's_GE defence_NN1 was_VBDZ that_CST the_AT breed_NN1 had_VHD an_AT1 inbuilt_JJ reflex_NN1 against_II contact_NN1 in_II the_AT area_NN1 of_IO the_AT eyes_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ were_VBDR congenitally_RR weak_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL No_RR21 doubt_RR22 neither_RR the_AT prosecution_NN1 nor_CC the_AT magistrate_NN1 were_VBDR impressed_VVN with_IW the_AT argument_NN1 and_CC Bryce_NP1 must_VM have_VHI sensed_VVN this_DD1 ,_, but_CCB in_II the_AT *"_" wings_NN2 **"_" he_PPHS1 had_VHD the_AT *"_" defendant_NN1 **"_" waiting_VVG ._. ^ ^_NULL Bryce_NP1 had_VHD *"_" subpoenaed_VVN **"_" the_AT dog_NN1 who_PNQS was_VBDZ led_VVN into_II the_AT court_NN1 by_II the_AT distraught_JJ owner_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL No_AT magistrate_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 trace_NN1 of_IO human_JJ feeling_NN1 could_VM have_VHI not_XX responded_VVN to_II the_AT mournful_JJ look_NN1 on_II the_AT dog_NN1 's_VBZ face_NN1 nor_CC would_VM he_PPHS1 have_VHI dared_VVN to_TO have_VHI failed_VVN to_TO respond_VVI to_II the_AT reaction_NN1 of_IO everyone_PN1 in_II the_AT court_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT case_NN1 was_VBDZ dismissed_VVN to_II the_AT great_JJ relief_NN1 of_IO Bryce_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 lover_NN1 of_IO animals_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT acquittal_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 murderer_NN1 would_VM not_XX have_VHI given_VVN him_PPHO1 greater_JJR legal_JJ satisfaction_NN1 and_CC his_APPGE fee_NN1 for_IF the_AT case_NN1 was_VBDZ ,_, I_PPIS1 am_VBM sure_JJ ,_, nothing_PN1 more_DAR than_CSN that_DD1 satisfaction_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Bryce_NP1 's_GE renowned_JJ sparring_JJ partner_NN1 in_II the_AT Magistrates_NN2 Court_NN1 ,_, \_NULL Mr_NNB Freddy_NP1 Hunt_NP1 {_NULL S.M._NP }_NULL ,_, was_VBDZ a_AT1 no-nonsense_JJ man_NN1 who_PNQS could_VM become_VVI impatient_JJ with_IW time-wasting_JJ and_CC trivia_NN1 during_II the_AT busy_JJ morning_NNT1 court_NN1 sessions_NNT2 ._. ^ ^_NULL One_PN1 unusually_RR pedantic_JJ counsel_NN1 was_VBDZ defending_VVG a_AT1 man_NN1 who_PNQS had_VHD been_VBN a_AT1 regular_JJ customer_NN1 over_II many_DA2 years_NNT2 and_CC in_II his_APPGE defence_NN1 plea_NN1 he_PPHS1 started_VVD to_TO address_VVI the_AT court_NN1 with_IW the_AT dramatic_JJ intensity_NN1 often_RR seen_VVN these_DD2 days_NNT2 in_II television_NN1 screen_NN1 plays_NN2 ,_, complete_JJ with_IW waving_NN1 of_IO arms_NN2 and_CC intense_JJ facial_JJ expression_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 started_VVD the_AT defence_NN1 by_II saying_VVG something_PN1 to_II this_DD1 effect_NN1 :_: ^_NULL *"_" Your_APPGE Worship_NN1 ,_, this_DD1 is_VBZ indeed_RR a_AT1 milestone_NN1 in_II legal_JJ history_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 marks_VVZ the_AT one_MC1 hundredth_MD appearance_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 man_NN1 in_II this_DD1 court_NN1 of_IO law_NN1 ..._... **"_" ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Freddy_NP1 Hunt_NP1 could_VM see_VVI that_CST this_DD1 was_VBDZ only_RR the_AT beginning_NN1 of_IO the_AT plea_NN1 and_CC as_CSA there_EX were_VBDR many_DA2 other_JJ cases_NN2 to_TO be_VBI heard_VVN that_DD1 morning_NNT1 he_PPHS1 cut_VVD counsel_NN1 short_JJ ,_, peered_VVD over_RP his_APPGE spectacles_NN2 ,_, and_CC asked_VVD :_: ^_NULL *"_" Well_RR ,_, what_DDQ are_VBR we_PPIS2 supposed_JJ to_TO do_VDI *-_- clap_NN1 ?_? **"_" ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Mon_APPGE Desir_NN1 hotel_NN1 played_VVD an_AT1 important_JJ part_NN1 in_II Bryce_NP1 's_GE life_NN1 from_II the_AT early_JJ days_NNT2 ,_, when_RRQ it_PPH1 was_VBDZ owned_VVN by_II the_AT famous_JJ Frank_NP1 and_CC *"_" Flossie_NP1 **"_" Hawse_NP1 ,_, to_II just_RR before_II his_APPGE death_NN1 in_II 1957_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL One_MC1 of_IO his_APPGE drinking_NN1 partners_NN2 at_II *"_" The_AT Mon_NPD1 **"_" in_II the_AT late_JJ 1940s_MC2 was_VBDZ the_AT local_JJ vicar_NN1 ,_, the_AT \_NULL Rev._NNB Sinclair_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS persuaded_VVD him_PPHO1 ,_, despite_II his_APPGE permanent_JJ absence_NN1 from_II church_NN1 ,_, to_TO run_VVI a_AT1 stall_NN1 for_IF men_NN2 only_RR at_II the_AT church_NN1 bazaar_VV0 to_TO be_VBI held_VVN in_II the_AT hotel_NN1 grounds_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT typical_JJ church_NN1 bazaar_NN1 ,_, often_RR thought_VVN of_IO as_II a_AT1 *"_" fe_NN1 *?_NULL 5te_FO worse_JJR than_CSN death_NN1 **"_" ,_, would_VM not_XX normally_RR have_VHI attracted_VVN his_APPGE support_NN1 ,_, but_CCB considering_CS the_AT location_NN1 ,_, he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ delighted_JJ to_TO accept_VVI and_CC set_VVD up_RP his_APPGE stall_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 huge_JJ notice_NN1 which_DDQ read_VVD *"_" Hims_NP1 *-_- Ancient_JJ and_CC Modern_JJ **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL As_CSA he_PPHS1 had_VHD recently_RR become_VV0 a_AT1 keen_JJ gardener_NN1 ,_, amongst_II the_AT vegetables_NN2 on_II display_NN1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 large_JJ bunch_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE home_NN1 grown_VVN lettuce_NN1 ,_, labelled_VVD *"_" Lettuce_NP1 Spray_NN1 **"_" ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL When_CS Bryce_NP1 took_VVD up_RP gardening_NN1 ,_, his_APPGE enthusiasm_NN1 matched_VVD that_DD1 of_IO his_APPGE enthusiasm_NN1 for_IF fishing_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Tomatoes_NN2 were_VBDR his_APPGE forte_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 fed_VVD them_PPHO2 from_II a_AT1 brew_NN1 made_VVN in_II an_AT1 old_JJ milk_NN1 can_VM *-_- a_AT1 mixture_NN1 of_IO seaweed_NN1 ,_, fish_NN heads_NN2 and_CC sheep_NN shit_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT latter_DA was_VBDZ sent_VVN to_II him_PPHO1 by_II the_AT farmer_NN1 son_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE {_NULL WW_NP *=_NULL I_ZZ1 }_NULL {_NULL C.O._FO }_NULL ,_, Bryce_NP1 Paterson_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS would_VM warn_VVI Bryce_NP1 of_IO its_APPGE impending_JJ arrival_NN1 on_II the_AT train_NN1 by_II sending_VVG an_AT1 urgent_JJ telegram_NN1 which_DDQ said_VVD simply_RR *"_" ^_NULL Yes_UH Sir_NN1 ,_, yes_UH sir_NN1 ,_, three_MC bags_NN2 full_JJ ._. **"_" ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Takapuna_NP1 in_II those_DD2 days_NNT2 had_VHD its_APPGE share_NN1 of_IO characters_NN2 ,_, none_PN more_RRR picturesque_JJ than_CSN Captain_NNB Algie_NP1 who_PNQS lived_VVD in_II Algie_NP1 's_GE Castle_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 real_JJ stone_NN1 replica_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE ancestor_NN1 's_VBZ seat_NN1 in_II Scotland_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Captain_NNB Algie_NP1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 very_RG short_JJ ,_, slight_JJ man_NN1 with_IW rounded_JJ red_JJ cheeks_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 ,_, like_II Bryce_NP1 ,_, loved_VVD to_TO dress_VVI in_II military_JJ uniform_NN1 ,_, and_CC each_DD1 year_NNT1 on_II the_AT Queen_NP1 's_GE Birthday_NN1 there_EX would_VM be_VBI a_AT1 formal_JJ ceremony_NN1 at_II the_AT Castle_NN1 ,_, with_IW the_AT Takapuna_NP1 band_NN1 playing_VVG and_CC flags_NN2 flying_VVG ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL \_NULL Mrs_NNB Algie_NP1 ,_, Penelope_NP1 ,_, known_VVN as_II *"_" Penny_NP1 **"_" ,_, was_VBDZ a_AT1 most_RGT charming_JJ and_CC gracious_JJ person_NN1 whom_PNQO I_PPIS1 will_VM always_RR remember_VVI for_IF the_AT huge_JJ meringues_NN2 she_PPHS1 made_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 will_VM also_RR remember_VVI her_PPHO1 for_IF being_VBG the_AT largest_JJT woman_NN1 I_PPIS1 have_VH0 ever_RR known_VVN ,_, as_CSA she_PPHS1 must_VM have_VHI been_VBN ,_, without_IW exaggeration_NN1 ,_, almost_RR as_RG wide_JJ as_CSA she_PPHS1 was_VBDZ high_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Despite_II the_AT contrast_NN1 in_II their_APPGE size_NN1 they_PPHS2 were_VBDR a_AT1 perfect_JJ couple_NN1 ,_, but_CCB Bryce_NP1 whispered_VVD to_II me_PPIO1 once_RR that_DD1 ,_, despite_II that_DD1 fact_NN1 ,_, Captain_NNB Algie_NP1 had_VHD probably_RR been_VBN *"_" Penny_NP1 wise_JJ and_CC pound_NNU1 foolish_JJ ._. **"_" ^ |_NULL ^_NULL On_II the_AT outbreak_NN1 of_IO war_NN1 in_II 1939_MC ,_, Bryce_NP1 was_VBDZ called_VVN up_RP within_II hours_NNT2 and_CC I_PPIS1 well_RR remember_VV0 him_PPHO1 as_CSA he_PPHS1 put_VVD on_II his_APPGE uniform_NN1 with_IW great_JJ relish_NN1 although_CS it_PPH1 was_VBDZ obvious_JJ he_PPHS1 realised_VVD this_DD1 time_NNT1 that_CST the_AT uniform_NN1 was_VBDZ no_AT stage_NN1 costume_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL His_APPGE unit_NN1 was_VBDZ known_VVN as_II Guards_NNJ2 ,_, Vital_JJ Points_NN2 ,_, and_CC he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ sent_VVN as_II officer_NN1 in_II31 charge_II32 of_II33 a_AT1 platoon_NN1 to_TO guard_VVI the_AT Colonial_JJ Ammunition_NN1 Company_NNJ in_II \_NULL Mt_NNL1 Eden_NP ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 must_VM have_VHI been_VBN 44_MC at_II the_AT time_NNT1 ,_, and_CC I_PPIS1 remember_VV0 him_PPHO1 as_CSA being_VBG by_RR21 far_RR22 the_AT youngest_JJT in_II the_AT unit_NN1 ,_, many_DA2 being_VBG closer_JJR to_TO 60_MC *-_- a_ZZ1 real_JJ *"_" Dad_NN1 's_VHZ Army_NNJ **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 were_VBDR issued_VVN with_IW Lee_NP1 Enfield_NP1 rifles_NN2 and_CC no_AT ammunition_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT ammunition_NN1 was_VBDZ said_VVN to_TO have_VHI gone_VVN down_RP in_II the_AT *1_NULL Niagara_NP1 ,_, *0_NULL sunk_VVN by_II a_AT1 German_JJ mine_NN1 off_II Whangarei_NP1 Heads_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ suggested_VVN that_CST the_AT ship_NN1 had_VHD in_II fact_NN1 struck_VVD two_MC mines_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT inadequate_JJ defences_NN2 of_IO Auckland_NP1 ,_, with_IW North_NP Head_NP1 the_AT only_JJ fort_NN1 ,_, led_VVN to_II another_DD1 typical_JJ {_NULL B.C.H._NP }_NULL remark_NN1 of_IO *"_" ^_NULL Two_MC mines_NN2 and_CC but_II a_AT1 single_JJ fort_NN1 ._. **"_" ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Bryce_NP1 later_RRR became_VVD Staff_NN Officer_NP1 (_( Legal_JJ )_) under_II Captain_NNB *"_" Jock_NP1 **"_" Sinclair_NP1 (_( ex-_NN1 {_NULL RFC_NP }_NULL )_) and_CC it_PPH1 was_VBDZ here_RL that_CST he_PPHS1 became_VVD a_AT1 close_JJ friend_NN1 of_IO Noel_NP1 Gardiner_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT arrival_NN1 of_IO the_AT first_MD American_JJ troops_NN2 in_II Auckland_NP1 is_VBZ very_RG clear_JJ in_II my_APPGE mind_NN1 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 217+TEXT+G30_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT year_NNT1 1870_MC was_VBDZ in_II some_DD ways_NN2 a_AT1 milestone_NN1 for_IF Sunnyside_NP1 ,_, as_II an_AT1 official_JJ inspector_NN1 had_VHD been_VBN appointed_VVN in_II31 accordance_II32 with_II33 The_AT Lunatics_NN2 Act_VV0 1868_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL Under_II Clause_NN1 60_MC of_IO the_AT Act_NN1 the_AT newly_RR appointed_JJ inspector_NN1 ,_, \_NULL Mr_NNB {_NULL J.W._NP }_NULL Hamilton_NP1 ,_, made_VVD his_APPGE first_MD official_JJ report_NN1 to_II the_AT Colonial_JJ Secretary_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ assigned_VVN this_DD1 duty_NN1 by_II warrant_NN1 on_II 17_MC May_NPM1 1870_MC ,_, and_CC reported_VVD his_APPGE findings_NN2 on_II 26_MC May_NPM1 ,_, after_CS his_APPGE inspection_NN1 of_IO the_AT Asylum_NN1 of_IO the_AT 18th_MD ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Hamilton_NP1 stated_VVD the_AT buildings_NN2 and_CC grounds_NN2 occupied_VVN a_AT1 space_NN1 of_IO fifty_MC acres_NNU2 on_II the_AT north_ND1 bank_NN1 of_IO the_AT Heathcote_NP River_NNL1 about_RG two_MC miles_NNU2 out_II21 of_II22 Christchurch_NP1 ,_, on_II the_AT Lincoln_NP Road_NNL1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT site_NN1 he_PPHS1 considered_VVD a_AT1 healthy_JJ one_PN1 ,_, being_VBG slightly_RR elevated_VVN above_II the_AT general_JJ level_NN1 of_IO the_AT plains_NN2 ,_, with_IW good_JJ capabilities_NN2 for_IF draining_VVG ._. ^ ^_NULL Two_MC days_NNT2 after_II his_APPGE first_MD inspection_NN1 illness_NN1 prevented_VVD him_PPHO1 from_II visiting_VVG the_AT patients_NN2 during_II their_APPGE evening_NNT1 recreation_NN1 ,_, choir_NN1 practices_NN2 or_CC the_AT Sunday_NPD1 service_NN1 on_II 22nd_MD May_NPM1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Thus_RR ,_, *'_" ^_NULL I_PPIS1 have_VH0 not_XX seen_VVN all_DB I_PPIS1 wish_VV0 to_TO see_VVI at_RR21 once_RR22 of_IO the_AT working_NN1 of_IO the_AT establishment_NN **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL From_II what_DDQ he_PPHS1 did_VDD see_VVI ,_, *'_" and_CC from_II information_NN1 acquired_VVD formerly_RR when_RRQ a_ZZ1 near_II connection_NN1 was_VBDZ under_II treatment_NN1 at_II Sunnyside_NP1 **'_" he_PPHS1 felt_VVD justified_JJ in_II sending_VVG the_AT report_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ ,_, he_PPHS1 had_VHD been_VBN told_VVN ,_, was_VBDZ required_VVN immediately_RR for_IF the_AT session_NNT1 of_IO the_AT General_JJ Assembly_NNJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Inspector_NN1 paid_VVD attention_NN1 to_II every_AT1 requirement_NN1 of_IO the_AT Act_NN1 ,_, clause_NN1 by_II clause_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 noted_VVD that_CST the_AT medical_JJ officer_NN1 ,_, \_NULL Dr_NNB Coward_NP1 ,_, the_AT Keeper_NN1 ,_, Seager_NP1 ,_, and_CC the_AT clerk_NN1 ,_, {_NULL W.E_NP1 ._. ^ }_NULL Payne_NP1 ,_, had_VHD held_VVN their_APPGE appointments_NN2 under_II the_AT Provincial_JJ Government_NNJ *'_" for_IF some_DD time_NNT1 **'_" ,_, Seager_NP1 as_II Keeper_NN1 (_( or_CC Steward_NN1 )_) for_IF six_MC years_NNT2 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB these_DD2 appointments_NN2 *'_" require_VV0 to_TO be_VBI formally_RR made_VVN by_II the_AT Superintendent_NN1 or_CC the_AT Governor_NN1 ,_, under_II Clause_NN1 23_MC **'_" ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Register_NN1 of_IO Patients_NN2 ,_, *'_" only_RR quite_RG lately_RR furnished_VVD **'_" was_VBDZ in_II the_AT course_NN1 of_IO completion_NN1 ,_, although_CS the_AT old_JJ register_NN1 seemed_VVD to_TO have_VHI been_VBN thoroughly_RR kept_VVN up_RP and_CC contained_VVN almost_RR all_DB the_AT information_NN1 the_AT new_JJ form_NN1 required_VVN under_II Clause_NN1 24_MC ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Medical_JJ Journal_NN1 ,_, under_II Clause_NN1 25_MC ,_, ^_NULL *'_" I_PPIS1 found_VVD only_RR entered_VVN up_RP **'_" ,_, and_CC the_AT Case_NN1 Book_NN1 ,_, to_TO be_VBI kept_VVN in_II such_DA form_NN1 as_II the_AT Governor_NN1 in_II Council_NNJ may_VM direct_VVI ,_, was_VBDZ not_XX produced_VVN ,_, no_AT order_NN1 on_II the_AT subject_NN1 having_VHG yet_RR been_VBN promulgated_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT inspection_NN1 was_VBDZ made_VVN strictly_RR in_II31 accordance_II32 with_II33 Clause_NN1 53_MC ,_, every_AT1 part_NN1 of_IO the_AT building_NN1 being_VBG visited_VVN and_CC every_AT1 patient_NN1 seen_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Inspector_NN1 's_VBZ Book_NN1 required_VVN by_II Clauses_NN2 53_MC and_CC 57_MC was_VBDZ not_XX forthcoming_JJ ,_, from_II which_DDQ Hamilton_NP1 assumed_VVD this_DD1 was_VBDZ the_AT first_MD inspection_NN1 made_VVN under_II the_AT new_JJ 1868_MC Act_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT copy_NN1 of_IO the_AT plan_NN1 ,_, given_VVN to_II the_AT Colonial_JJ Secretary_NN1 *'_" on_II applying_VVG for_IF the_AT license_NN1 **'_" ,_, to_TO be_VBI *'_" hung_VVN up_RP in_II some_DD conspicuous_JJ part_NN1 **'_" (_( Clause_NN1 57_MC )_) was_VBDZ not_XX there_RL ,_, but_CCB was_VBDZ in_II preparation_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Patients_NN2 '_GE Book_NN1 (_( Clause_NN1 58_MC )_) ,_, for_IF observations_NN2 by_II the_AT Inspector_NN1 or_CC Official_JJ Visitor_NN1 ,_, had_VHD yet_RR to_TO be_VBI provided_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 were_VBDR at_RR21 present_RR22 using_VVG the_AT same_DA book_NN1 *'_" as_CSA is_VBZ kept_VVN for_IF ordinary_JJ visitors_NN2 '_GE observations_NN2 **'_" or_CC for_IF any_DD patients_NN2 *'_" who_PNQS may_VM wish_VVI to_TO enter_VVI remarks_NN2 on_II their_APPGE being_VBG discharged_VVN cured_VVD **'_" ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *'_" These_DD2 few_DA2 shortcomings_NN2 in_II31 regard_II32 to_II33 strict_JJ and_CC literal_JJ adherence_NN1 to_II the_AT Act_NN1 of_IO 1868_MC **'_" Hamilton_NP1 regarded_VVD as_II of_IO no_AT serious_JJ moment_NN1 ,_, after_II observing_VVG how_RGQ thoroughly_RR the_AT spirit_NN1 of_IO the_AT law_NN1 was_VBDZ acted_VVN up_II21 to_II22 throughout_II the_AT Asylum_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Hamilton_NP1 visited_VVD the_AT Asylum_NN1 on_II a_AT1 day_NNT1 *'_" when_RRQ I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ not_XX likely_JJ to_TO be_VBI expected_VVN **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL Most_DAT of_IO the_AT patients_NN2 were_VBDR engaged_VVN in_II some_DD kind_NN1 of_IO occupation_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Out_II21 of_II22 doors_NN2 some_DD were_VBDR gardening_NN1 ,_, others_NN2 were_VBDR in_II the_AT *'_" wash-house_NN1 **'_" (_( laundry_NN1 )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL Indoors_RL some_DD were_VBDR preparing_VVG for_IF the_AT midday_NNT1 dinner_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL All_DB were_VBDR *'_" going_VVG steadily_RR and_CC quietly_RR to_II their_APPGE work_NN1 **'_" ,_, and_CC with_IW no_AT appearance_NN1 of_IO being_VBG restrained_VVN or_CC being_VBG *'_" vigilantly_RR watched_VVN **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 saw_VVD the_AT dinner_NN1 being_VBG served_VVN up_RP in_II the_AT kitchen_NN1 ,_, *'_" where_CS the_AT arrangements_NN2 for_IF securing_VVG cleanliness_NN1 are_VBR excellently_RR devised_VVN **'_" ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Regarding_II the_AT nutrition_NN1 ,_, the_AT Inspector_NN1 noted_VVD that_CST the_AT cooking_NN1 was_VBDZ done_VDN either_RR by_II steam_NN1 or_CC by_II baking_VVG in_II the_AT oven_NN1 ,_, on_II a_AT1 plan_NN1 that_CST made_VVD it_PPH1 impossible_JJ for_IF any_DD dirt_NN1 to_TO get_VVI into_II the_AT food_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT food_NN1 itself_PPX1 was_VBDZ of_IO excellent_JJ quality_NN1 with_IW an_AT1 abundant_JJ ration_NN1 of_IO meat_NN1 ,_, vegetables_NN2 and_CC pudding_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT kitchen_NN1 ,_, larder_NN1 and_CC provision_NN1 store_NN1 were_VBDR all_DB in_II a_AT1 state_NN1 of_IO perfect_JJ neatness_NN1 and_CC cleanliness_NN1 throughout_RL ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT meals_NN2 were_VBDR being_VBG eaten_VVN ,_, in_II all_DB the_AT wards_NN2 but_CCB one_PN1 ,_, in_II a_AT1 quiet_JJ and_CC orderly_JJ manner_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT patients_NN2 carried_VVN in_II the_AT rations_NN2 ,_, and_CC afterwards_RT cleared_VVD away_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL After_II dinner_NN1 the_AT male_JJ patients_NN2 either_RR enjoyed_VVD their_APPGE pipe_NN1 of_IO tobacco_NN1 ,_, or_CC took_VVD exercise_NN1 in_II the_AT yards_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ ,_, said_VVD Hamilton_NP1 ,_, *'_" an_AT1 abundant_JJ supply_NN1 of_IO pure_JJ water_NN1 to_TO insure_VVI the_AT comfort_NN1 and_CC cleanliness_NN1 of_IO the_AT patients_NN2 **'_" (_( presumably_RR the_AT pollution_NN1 problem_NN1 had_VHD been_VBN resolved_VVN )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL Large_JJ baths_NN2 were_VBDR provided_VVN in_II both_DB2 male_JJ and_CC female_JJ wards_NN2 ,_, the_AT lavatories_NN2 being_VBG *'_" roomy_JJ and_CC furnished_VVD in_II all_DB requisites_NN2 **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL Although_CS the_AT wards_NN2 were_VBDR well_RR ventilated_VVN ,_, sweet_JJ and_CC thoroughly_RR clean_JJ ,_, well_RR lighted_VVD and_CC cheerful_JJ ,_, in_II some_DD places_NN2 more_DAR light_NN1 was_VBDZ desirable_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL As_II the_AT building_NN1 had_VHD been_VBN erected_VVN piecemeal_RR ,_, *'_" and_CC not_XX on_II any_DD well-conceived_JJ plan_NN1 from_II the_AT first_MD **'_" ,_, there_EX could_VM be_VBI difficulty_NN1 in_II providing_VVG for_IF better_JJR light_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT bedding_NN1 was_VBDZ *'_" admirably_RR clean_JJ **'_" and_CC all_DB arrangements_NN2 *'_" for_IF avoiding_VVG all_DB offensive_JJ smells_NN2 were_VBDR complete_JJ **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ one_MC1 exception_NN1 ,_, the_AT lavatory_NN1 in_II the_AT female_JJ ward_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ the_AT Keeper_NN1 immediately_RR had_VHD rectified_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL Hamilton_NP1 recommended_VVD an_AT1 immediate_JJ alteration_NN1 by_II erecting_VVG better_JJR partitions_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Apart_II21 from_II22 these_DD2 minor_JJ observations_NN2 ,_, Hamilton_NP1 reported_VVD that_CST the_AT neatness_NN1 ,_, airiness_NN1 and_CC scrupulous_JJ cleanliness_NN1 pervading_VVG the_AT whole_NN1 of_IO the_AT establishment_NN appropriated_VVD to_II the_AT use_NN1 of_IO the_AT patients_NN2 *'_" was_VBDZ such_II21 as_II22 I_MC1 have_VH0 never_RR seen_VVN surpassed_VVD in_II the_AT best_JJT kept_JJ man-of-war_NN1 on_II service_NN1 **'_" *-_- praise_NN1 indeed_RR !_! ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT clothing_NN1 of_IO those_DD2 patients_NN2 who_PNQS wore_VVD dresses_NN2 belonging_VVG to_II the_AT Asylum_NN1 *'_" was_VBDZ in_II an_AT1 equally_RR satisfactory_JJ condition_NN1 **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL As_II21 to_II22 neatness_NN1 and_CC cleanliness_NN1 ,_, he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ unable_JJ to_TO refer_VVI as_RG favourably_RR to_II some_DD of_IO the_AT attendants_NN2 '_GE apartments_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Hamilton_NP1 also_RR made_VVN reference_NN1 to_II a_AT1 billiard_NN1 table_NN1 and_CC bagatelle_NN1 board_NN1 ,_, the_AT large_JJ hall_NN1 for_IF general_JJ gatherings_NN2 with_IW a_AT1 stage_NN1 erected_VVD at_II one_MC1 end_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 piano_NN1 and_CC harmonium_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 small_JJ library_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 printing_NN1 press_NN ,_, and_CC these_DD2 ,_, together_II21 with_II22 the_AT garden_NN1 and_CC grounds_NN2 *'_" all_DB contribute_VV0 to_TO supply_VVI occupation_NN1 and_CC recreation_NN1 **'_" ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Accommodation_NN1 for_IF the_AT Keeper_NN1 and_CC his_APPGE family_NN was_VBDZ much_RR too_RG limited_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Their_APPGE private_JJ sitting-room_NN1 was_VBDZ the_AT only_JJ one_PN1 in_II which_DDQ visitors_NN2 could_VM wait_VVI who_PNQS had_VHD business_NN1 at_II the_AT Asylum_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL By_II this_DD1 time_NNT1 Edward_NP1 and_CC Esther_NP1 Seager_NP1 had_VHD seven_MC children_NN2 ,_, two_MC having_VHG died_VVN in_II infancy_NN1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Seager_NP1 had_VHD furnished_VVN a_AT1 comprehensive_JJ report_NN1 for_IF Hamilton_NP1 ,_, which_DDQ was_VBDZ forwarded_VVN to_II the_AT Colonial_JJ Secretary_NP1 ,_, Wellington_NP1 ,_, along_II21 with_II22 Hamilton_NP1 's_GE report_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Hamilton_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 stickler_NN1 for_IF details_NN2 ,_, said_VVD he_PPHS1 willingly_RR testified_VVD to_II the_AT correctness_NN1 of_IO the_AT facts_NN2 set_VV0 out_RP in_II the_AT Keeper_NN1 's_VBZ report_NN1 ,_, the_AT arrangements_NN2 of_IO the_AT wards_NN2 ,_, classification_NN1 of_IO patients_NN2 ,_, their_APPGE employments_NN2 and_CC amusements_NN2 ,_, *'_" with_IW returns_NN2 appended_VVD of_IO patients_NN2 under_II treatment_NN1 during_II the_AT year_NNT1 **'_" ,_, value_NN1 of_IO work_NN1 done_VDN by_II them_PPHO2 ,_, and_CC *'_" scale_NN1 of_IO rations_NN2 now_RT allowed_VVD **'_" ,_, were_VBDR all_DB satisfactory_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 also_RR found_VVD in_II the_AT visitors_NN2 '_GE remark_NN1 book_NN1 numerous_JJ testimonies_NN2 ,_, written_VVN by_II patients_NN2 at_II the_AT time_NNT1 of_IO their_APPGE discharge_NN1 ,_, to_II the_AT humane_JJ and_CC kindly_JJ attention_NN1 they_PPHS2 had_VHD received_VVN while_CS under_II Seager_NP1 's_GE care_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Hamilton_NP1 found_VVD only_RR one_MC1 patient_NN1 secluded_VVD from_II the_AT rest_NN1 ,_, *'_" owing_II21 to_II22 his_PPGE having_VHG ill-used_NN1 some_DD of_IO them_PPHO2 **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 patient_NN1 had_VHD been_VBN given_VVN into_II the_AT custody_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE brother-in-law_NN1 ,_, but_CCB was_VBDZ brought_VVN back_RP after_II three_MC days_NNT2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II conclusion_NN1 Hamilton_NP1 urged_VVD upon_II the_AT Government_NNJ the_AT need_NN1 to_TO appoint_VVI a_AT1 permanent_JJ Inspector_NN1 to_II the_AT Asylum_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL His_APPGE visit_NN1 convinced_VVD him_PPHO1 that_CST he_PPHS1 had_VHD not_XX the_AT qualifications_NN2 for_IF such_DA an_AT1 office_NN1 ,_, and_CC that_CST *'_" it_PPH1 will_VM be_VBI a_AT1 most_RGT difficult_JJ task_NN1 to_TO find_VVI a_AT1 person_NN1 who_PNQS does_VDZ possess_VVI them_PPHO2 **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL An_AT1 Inspector_NN1 should_VM be_VBI able_JK to_TO give_VVI frequent_JJ attention_NN1 to_II the_AT duty_NN1 of_IO visiting_VVG the_AT Asylum_NN1 ,_, be_VBI able_JK to_TO make_VVI himself_PPX1 *'_" as_CSA intimately_RR acquainted_VVD with_IW the_AT case_NN1 of_IO each_DD1 patient_NN1 **'_" ,_, and_CC of_IO the_AT subject_NN1 of_IO lunacy_NN1 generally_RR ,_, *'_" as_CSA the_AT Keeper_NN1 himself_PPX1 is_VBZ **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL In_RR21 addition_RR22 ,_, an_AT1 Inspector_NN1 should_VM be_VBI capable_JJ of_IO exercising_VVG a_AT1 complete_JJ control_NN1 and_CC supervision_NN1 over_II every_AT1 officer_NN1 ,_, the_AT medical_JJ attendant_NN1 included_VVD ,_, of_IO any_DD such_DA establishment_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 tall_JJ order_NN1 indeed_RR for_IF the_AT new_JJ colony_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II his_APPGE report_NN1 Seager_NP1 outlined_VVD the_AT set-up_NN1 of_IO the_AT Asylum_NN1 ,_, the_AT six_MC wards_NN2 now_RT with_IW classification_NN1 of_IO patients_NN2 ,_, and_CC the_AT religious_JJ services_NN2 which_DDQ the_AT patients_NN2 enjoyed_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 noted_VVD that_CST often_RR in_II other_JJ asylums_NN2 Sunday_NPD1 was_VBDZ the_AT day_NNT1 *'_" pregnant_JJ with_IW mischief_NN1 **'_" from_II the_AT want_NN1 of_IO occupation_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB it_PPH1 was_VBDZ not_XX so_RG in_II this_DD1 Asylum_NN1 as_CSA there_EX was_VBDZ plenty_PN to_TO occupy_VVI the_AT patients_NN2 ,_, from_II taking_VVG walks_NN2 ,_, having_VHG *'_" amusing_JJ and_CC instructive_JJ books_NN2 **'_" to_II learning_VVG to_TO sing_VVI sacred_JJ music_NN1 under_II the_AT direction_NN1 of_IO \_NULL Mr_NNB \_NULL G._NP1 Inwood_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Amusements_NP1 and_CC recreation_NN1 were_VBDR now_RT an_AT1 established_JJ feature_NN1 ,_, the_AT patients_NN2 enjoying_VVG trips_NN2 to_II the_AT Selwyn_NP River_NNL1 and_CC Lyttelton_NP1 by_II train_NN1 ,_, and_CC to_II Sumner_NP1 by_II horsedrawn_JJ vans_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 reported_VVD that_CST the_AT new_JJ recreation_NN1 hall_NN1 had_VHD been_VBN completed_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT whole_NN1 of_IO the_AT work_NN1 ,_, with_IW a_DD221 few_DD222 slight_JJ exceptions_NN2 ,_, had_VHD been_VBN done_VDN by_II the_AT patients_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Nearly_RR all_DB the_AT material_NN1 had_VHD been_VBN contributed_VVN *'_" by_II gentlemen_NN2 resident_NN1 in_II Christchurch_NP1 and_CC elsewhere_RL **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT new_JJ hall_NN1 ,_, amusements_NN2 were_VBDR given_VVN by_II amateur_NN1 and_CC professional_JJ friends_NN2 ,_, but_CCB perhaps_RR more_RGR therapeutic_JJ to_II the_AT patients_NN2 was_VBDZ their_APPGE own_DA involvement_NN1 in_II charades_NN2 and_CC other_JJ activities_NN2 *-_- in_II some_DD ways_NN2 comparable_JJ to_II today_RT 's_GE psychodrama_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL From_II the_AT sale_NN1 of_IO produce_NN1 (_( *+_NULL 70_MC )_) and_CC a_AT1 grant_NN1 of_IO *+_NULL 40_MC from_II the_AT government_NN an_AT1 organ_NN1 was_VBDZ ordered_VVN from_II England_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Seager_NP1 commented_VVD that_CST *'_" as_II the_AT various_JJ means_NN have_VH0 increased_VVN to_TO afford_VVI employment_NN1 and_CC recreation_NN1 to_II both_DB2 male_JJ and_CC female_JJ patients_NN2 ,_, so_RR have_VH0 the_AT discharges_NN2 increased_VVN ,_, and_CC continue_VV0 to_TO do_VDI so_CS in_II proportion_NN1 **'_" ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX had_VHD been_VBN no_AT attempt_NN1 at_II suicide_NN1 *'_" and_CC but_RR one_MC1 escape_NN1 *-_- a_AT1 convalescent_JJ harmless_JJ patient_NN1 *-_- has_VHZ taken_VVN place_NN1 **'_" since_CS his_APPGE previous_JJ report_NN1 18_MC months_NNT2 ago_RA ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Asylum_NN1 ,_, stated_VVD Seager_NP1 was_VBDZ now_RT divided_VVN into_II six_MC wards_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II E_ZZ1 ward_NN1 were_VBDR the_AT convalescent_JJ males_NN2 ,_, or_CC those_DD2 working_VVG either_RR in_II the_AT outside_JJ garden_NN1 or_CC doing_VDG general_JJ farm_NN1 work_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II this_DD1 ,_, as_CC31 well_CC32 as_CC33 in_II A_AT1 Ward_NP1 ,_, there_EX were_VBDR no_AT bars_NN2 to_II the_AT windows_NN2 ,_, no_AT locked_JJ doors_NN2 ,_, *'_" so_CS21 that_CS22 free_JJ access_NN1 is_VBZ given_VVN to_II the_AT grounds_NN2 **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL *'_" The_AT trust_NN1 placed_VVN in_II the_AT patients_NN2 is_VBZ not_XX abused_VVN **'_" ,_, he_PPHS1 added_VVD ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Ward_NP1 A_ZZ1 ,_, for_IF convalescent_JJ women_NN2 ,_, provided_CS needle_NN1 and_CC hand_NN1 work_NN1 ,_, and_CC a_AT1 new_JJ feature_NN1 ,_, the_AT introduction_NN1 of_IO flowering_VVG plants_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Each_DD1 patient_NN1 was_VBDZ allotted_VVN a_AT1 plant_NN1 to_TO care_VVI for_IF ,_, *'_" the_AT object_NN1 being_VBG to_TO create_VVI an_AT1 interest_NN1 in_II their_APPGE minds_NN2 by_II giving_VVG them_PPHO2 something_PN1 to_TO cultivate_VVI and_CC think_VVI about_II **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 also_RR had_VHD music_NN1 ,_, books_NN2 ,_, and_CC frequent_JJ picnic_NN1 parties_NN2 ,_, either_RR in_II the_AT grounds_NN2 or_CC out_RP into_II the_AT country_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Ward_NP1 B_NP1 was_VBDZ for_IF *'_" imbecile_NN1 ,_, dirty_JJ ,_, and_CC epileptic_JJ female_JJ cases_NN2 **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL Ward_NP1 C_NP1 contained_VVD female_JJ patients_NN2 who_PNQS were_VBDR wet_JJ ,_, dirty_JJ ,_, refractory_JJ ,_, noisy_JJ ,_, or_CC chronically_RR ill_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Ward_NP1 D_NP1 held_VVD males_NN2 approaching_VVG convalescence_NN1 ,_, the_AT epileptic_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT quiet_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Ward_NP1 F_NP1 was_VBDZ for_IF males_NN2 who_PNQS were_VBDR noisy_JJ ,_, refractory_JJ ,_, dirty_JJ ,_, or_CC destructive_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Seager_NP1 commented_VVD on_II the_AT complete_JJ system_NN1 of_IO classification_NN1 ,_, something_PN1 on_II which_DDQ he_PPHS1 had_VHD held_VVN definite_JJ views_NN2 since_CS his_APPGE association_NN1 with_IW Lyttelton_NP1 Gaol_NNL1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Each_DD1 patient_NN1 was_VBDZ classified_VVN according_II21 to_II22 his_APPGE requirements_NN2 during_II the_AT night_NNT1 ,_, and_CC during_II the_AT day_NNT1 was_VBDZ placed_VVN where_RRQ he_PPHS1 could_VM best_RRT be_VBI attended_VVN to_II and_CC from_II where_RRQ he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ least_RGT troublesome_JJ to_II the_AT other_JJ patients_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT dormitories_NN2 were_VBDR quite_RG distinct_JJ and_CC apart_II21 from_II22 the_AT day_NNT1 rooms_NN2 *-_- this_DD1 to_TO discourage_VVI patients_NN2 from_II frequenting_VVG the_AT sleeping_JJ rooms_NN2 ,_, where_CS they_PPHS2 could_VM become_VVI torpid_JJ ,_, indolent_JJ ,_, melancholy_NN1 ,_, morose_JJ and_CC even_RR *'_" mischievous_JJ **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT principle_NN1 in_II the_AT management_NN was_VBDZ to_TO *'_" assimilate_VVI the_AT condition_NN1 of_IO the_AT patients_NN2 and_CC circumstances_NN2 surrounding_VVG them_PPHO2 as_RG much_DA1 as_CSA possible_JJ with_IW those_DD2 in_II ordinary_JJ life_NN1 **'_" ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II his_APPGE comments_NN2 about_II the_AT religious_JJ services_NN2 Seager_NP1 waxed_VVD eloquent_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT average_JJ attendance_NN1 of_IO patients_NN2 was_VBDZ about_RG 60_MC ,_, the_AT Sunday_NPD1 and_CC other_JJ services_NN2 being_VBG conducted_VVN by_II the_AT \_NULL Rev._NNB Canon_NP1 Wilson_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT fifteen-strong_JJ choir_NN1 was_VBDZ composed_VVN of_IO attendants_NN2 and_CC patients_NN2 ,_, and_CC all_DB who_PNQS were_VBDR considered_VVN *'_" proper_JJ subjects_NN2 to_TO attend_VVI a_AT1 place_NN1 of_IO worship_NN1 **'_" were_VBDR admitted_VVN to_II the_AT Sunday_NPD1 service_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *'_" It_PPH1 affords_VVZ a_AT1 regular_JJ occupation_NN1 and_CC soothing_JJ influence_NN1 on_II their_APPGE minds_NN2 **'_" as_CSA they_PPHS2 found_VVD themselves_PPX2 regarded_VVN as_II a_AT1 portion_NN1 of_IO the_AT living_JJ world_NN1 of_IO human_JJ sympathy_NN1 and_CC *'_" in_II the_AT worship_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE Maker_NN1 **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL Seager_NP1 noted_VVD that_CST at_II Sunnyside_NP1 the_AT patients_NN2 were_VBDR so_RG pleasantly_RR occupied_VVN throughout_II the_AT Sabbath_NN1 that_CST it_PPH1 was_VBDZ not_XX like_II so_RG many_DA2 other_JJ asylums_NN2 which_DDQ were_VBDR *'_" pregnant_JJ with_IW mischief_NN1 **'_" from_II the_AT want_NN1 of_IO occupation_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL After_II Sunday_NPD1 tea_NN1 the_AT convalescent_JJ patients_NN2 met_VVN in_II the_AT hall_NN1 to_TO practise_VVI sacred_JJ music_NN1 ,_, under_II the_AT labour_NN1 of_IO love_NN1 of_IO \_NULL Mr_NNB \_NULL G._NP1 Inwood_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ also_RR practice_VV0 on_II Friday_NPD1 evenings_NNT2 ,_, in_II both_DB2 of_IO which_DDQ friends_NN2 of_IO the_AT institution_NN1 took_VVD part_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT completion_NN1 of_IO the_AT hall_NN1 was_VBDZ another_DD1 milestone_NN1 for_IF Sunnyside_NP1 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 218+TEXT+G31_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL *'_" I_PPIS1 'm_VBM just_RR waiting_VVG for_IF him_PPHO1 to_TO die_VVI ,_, **'_" my_APPGE mother_NN1 ,_, thin-lipped_JJ ,_, would_VM enunciate_VVI with_IW a_AT1 startling_JJ clarity_NN1 as_CSA she_PPHS1 bicycled_VVD home_RL with_IW the_AT shopping_NN1 equally_RR balanced_VVD in_II two_MC large_JJ string_NN1 bags_NN2 slung_VVN on_II either_DD1 side_NN1 of_IO the_AT handlebars_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 must_VM have_VHI been_VBN a_AT1 miserable_JJ ,_, horrible_JJ life_NN1 for_IF them_PPHO2 ,_, too_RR ,_, and_CC whose_DDQGE fault_NN1 it_PPH1 was_VBDZ I_MC1 do_VD0 not_XX know_VVI *-_- probably_RR nobody_PN1 's_GE ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Whenever_RRQV I_PPIS1 see_VV0 raindrops_NN2 falling_VVG into_II puddles_NN2 and_CC making_VVG ever-widening_JJ circles_NN2 I_PPIS1 say_VV0 ,_, ^_NULL *'_" Hell_NN1 's_VHZ bells_NN2 and_CC buggy_NN1 wheels_NN2 *-_- perhaps_RR he_PPHS1 'll_VM be_VBI dead_JJ when_CS we_PPIS2 get_VV0 home_RL ._. ^ **'_" ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ the_AT first_MD thing_NN1 I_PPIS1 remember_VV0 and_CC I_PPIS1 can_VM not_XX recall_VVI where_RRQ my_APPGE mother_NN1 was_VBDZ taking_VVG me_PPIO1 on_II the_AT back_RP of_IO her_APPGE bike_NN1 that_DD1 day_NNT1 when_RRQ I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 very_RG little_DA1 girl_NN1 but_CCB her_APPGE voice_NN1 remains_VVZ with_IW me_PPIO1 ,_, coming_VVG from_II far_RR away_RL through_II the_AT rain_NN1 as_CSA she_PPHS1 pedalled_VVD grimly_RR along_II a_AT1 sealed_JJ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL country_NN1 road_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *'_" And_CC you_PPY keep_VV0 your_APPGE legs_NN2 out_RP ,_, **'_" she_PPHS1 would_VM say_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL *'_" Do_VD0 n't_XX get_VVI your_APPGE foot_NN1 caught_VVN again_RT ._. ^ **'_" |_NULL ^_NULL Once_CS I_PPIS1 did_VDD let_VVI my_APPGE legs_NN2 dangle_VVI too_RG close_RR to_II the_AT wheel_NN1 as_CSA I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ doubled_VVN somewhere_RL on_II the_AT back_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 bike_NN1 and_CC I_PPIS1 bore_VVD the_AT guilt_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 injury_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 long_JJ time_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL My_APPGE father_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 think_VV0 ,_, was_VBDZ riding_VVG that_DD1 bicycle_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ only_JJ years_NNT2 later_RRR that_CST I_PPIS1 suddenly_RR thought_VVN that_CST it_PPH1 was_VBDZ not_XX entirely_RR my_APPGE fault_NN1 but_CCB the_AT scar_NN1 ,_, purple_JJ and_CC puckered_VVD ,_, remains_VVZ on_II my_APPGE right_JJ ankle_NN1 still_RR ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ not_XX grateful_JJ to_II them_PPHO2 for_IF anything_PN1 at_II the_AT time_NNT1 ,_, but_CCB I_PPIS1 am_VBM now_RT because_CS I_PPIS1 consider_VV0 they_PPHS2 made_VVD me_PPIO1 ,_, inadvertently_RR ,_, into_II something_PN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 made_VVD me_PPIO1 watchful_JJ ,_, careful_JJ ,_, judicious_JJ ,_, observant_NN1 ,_, listening_VVG for_IF any_DD nuance_NN1 in_II a_AT1 voice_NN1 that_CST could_VM hint_VVI at_II intrusion_NN1 or_CC calamity_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL This_DD1 evening_NNT1 ,_, before_CS I_PPIS1 began_VVD to_II type_NN1 this_DD1 page_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 telephoned_VVD a_AT1 man_NN1 I_PPIS1 know_VV0 but_RR rang_VVD off_RP almost_RR at_RR21 once_RR22 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *'_" How_RRQ could_VM you_PPY tell_VVI there_RL was_VBDZ someone_PN1 there_RL ?_? ^ **'_" he_PPHS1 asked_VVD when_RRQ he_PPHS1 rang_VVD back_RP ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *'_" I_PPIS1 could_VM tell_VVI ,_, **'_" I_PPIS1 said_VVD ,_, *'_" by_II the_AT way_NN1 your_APPGE voice_NN1 sounded_VVD in_II that_DD1 room_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 could_VM tell_VVI there_RL was_VBDZ someone_PN1 else_RR in_II the_AT room_NN1 ._. ^ **'_" |_NULL ^_NULL My_APPGE parents_NN2 ,_, by_II accident_NN1 ,_, taught_VVD me_PPIO1 that_DD1 extra_JJ sense_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Such_DA small_JJ and_CC saving_VVG perceptions_NN2 have_VH0 served_VVN me_PPIO1 well_RR ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT town_NN1 where_RRQ we_PPIS2 lived_VVD was_VBDZ virtually_RR featureless_JJ ,_, hot_JJ and_CC flat_NN1 ,_, remarkable_JJ only_JJ because_CS it_PPH1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 service_NN1 centre_NN1 for_IF surrounding_VVG farmlands_NN2 and_CC orchards_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX were_VBDR chamber_NN1 music_NN1 concerts_NN2 sometimes_RT ,_, the_AT usual_JJ amateur_JJ theatricals_NN2 which_DDQ I_PPIS1 do_VD0 not_XX recall_VVI seeing_VVG ,_, a_AT1 clock_NN1 tower_NN1 beneath_II which_DDQ one_PN1 waited_VVD for_IF friends_NN2 or_CC for_IF time_NNT1 to_TO pass_VVI ,_, or_CC both_RR ,_, and_CC a_AT1 blossom_NN1 parade_NN1 to_TO celebrate_VVI the_AT arrival_NN1 of_IO spring_NN1 every_AT1 year_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX were_VBDR ,_, then_RT ,_, four_MC picture_NN1 theatres_NN2 which_DDQ had_VHD sessions_NNT2 at_II differing_VVG times_NNT2 on_II Saturdays_NPD2 so_CS it_PPH1 was_VBDZ possible_JJ to_TO spend_VVI all_DB day_NNT1 at_II the_AT pictures_NN2 ,_, from_II ten_MC in_II the_AT morning_NNT1 till_II eleven_MC at_II night_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT winter_NNT1 ,_, when_CS it_PPH1 was_VBDZ too_RG cold_JJ to_TO ride_VVI away_RP on_II my_APPGE bicycle_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 could_VM be_VBI absent_JJ from_II quite_RG early_RR in_II the_AT morning_NNT1 till_CS late_RR at_II night_NNT1 ,_, by_II which_DDQ time_VV0 my_APPGE mother_NN1 and_CC father_NN1 ,_, exhausted_VVN by_II disharmony_NN1 ,_, may_VM hopefully_RR have_VHI fallen_VVN asleep_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Oddly_NP1 ,_, I_PPIS1 always_RR had_VHD money_NN1 *-_- not_XX a_AT1 lot_NN ,_, but_CCB I_PPIS1 always_RR had_VHD a_RR21 little_RR22 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 used_VVD it_PPH1 ,_, in_II a_AT1 small_JJ and_CC childish_JJ way_NN1 ,_, to_TO insulate_VVI myself_PPX1 as_RG well_RR as_CSA I_PPIS1 could_VM ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ always_RR sufficient_JJ money_NN1 to_TO catch_VVI a_AT1 bus_NN1 to_II the_AT next_MD town_NN1 or_CC go_NN1 to_II the_AT park_NN1 for_IF the_AT day_NNT1 and_CC buy_VV0 ham_JJ sandwiches_NN2 at_II the_AT kiosk_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 am_VBM grateful_JJ for_IF this_DD1 now_RT because_CS I_PPIS1 learned_VVD the_AT benefit_NN1 of_IO having_VHG something_PN1 in_II one_PN1 's_GE purse_NN1 and_CC how_RRQ to_TO earn_VVI it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Some_DD people_NN never_RR learn_VV0 how_RRQ to_TO work_VVI or_CC how_RRQ to_TO skim_VVI over_RP and_CC coast_NN1 through_II bad_JJ times_NNT2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX were_VBDR acres_NNU2 of_IO orchards_NN2 and_CC market_NN1 gardens_NN2 round_II the_AT town_NN1 and_CC it_PPH1 was_VBDZ easy_JJ ,_, on_II fresh_JJ clear_JJ holiday_NN1 mornings_NNT2 ,_, to_TO cycle_VVI in_II any_DD direction_NN1 till_II a_AT1 suitable_JJ *'_" Pickers_NN2 Wanted_VVD **'_" sign_NN1 loomed_VVD up_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL People_NN did_VDD not_XX ,_, then_RT ,_, seem_VV0 to_TO bother_VVI about_II ages_NN2 or_CC taxation_NN1 forms_NN2 ,_, names_NN2 or_CC packdrills_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Raspberries_NN2 were_VBDR the_AT best_JJT because_CS their_APPGE canes_NN2 grew_VVD high_RR ,_, like_II hedges_NN2 ,_, and_CC provided_VVD shade_NN1 as_II the_AT sun_NN1 rose_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL By_II mid-morning_NNT1 the_AT rising_JJ heat_NN1 would_VM presage_VVI the_AT sweltering_JJ anguish_NN1 of_IO midday_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB in_II the_AT very_RG early_JJ morning_NNT1 the_AT fruit_NN fell_VVD sweetly_RR into_II punnets_NN2 or_CC pails_VVZ with_IW a_AT1 clear_JJ and_CC satisfying_JJ small_JJ sound_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Strawberries_NN2 were_VBDR an_AT1 unhappy_JJ task_NN1 because_CS they_PPHS2 tumbled_VVD over_RP low_JJ beds_NN2 of_IO straw_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 back-breaking_JJ task_NN1 to_TO pick_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT only_JJ shade_NN1 there_RL came_VVD from_II shelterbelts_NN2 or_CC grey-leafed_JJ poplars_NN2 but_CCB they_PPHS2 were_VBDR far_RR away_RL and_CC shimmered_VVD away_RP even_RR further_RRR in_II the_AT heat_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Loganberries_NP1 and_CC boysenberries_NN2 ,_, huge_JJ and_CC luscious_JJ ,_, hung_VVD on_RP bushes_NN2 too_RG well_RR guarded_VVD by_II their_APPGE own_DA prickles_NN2 ,_, and_CC apples_NN2 ,_, peaches_NN2 ,_, plums_NN2 and_CC nectarines_NN2 were_VBDR accessible_JJ only_RR by_II ladder_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Raspberries_NN2 were_VBDR the_AT best_JJT bet_NN1 and_CC there_EX was_VBDZ pleasure_NN1 and_CC charm_NN1 in_II setting_VVG off_RP down_II one_PN1 's_GE allotted_JJ row_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 wooden_JJ basket_NN1 set_VVN with_IW six_MC little_JJ punnets_NN2 to_TO fill_VVI ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT going_JJ rate_NN1 was_VBDZ threepence_NN1 per_II punnet_NN1 for_IF pickers_NN2 ,_, so_CS six_MC **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL would_VM bring_VVI one_MC1 shilling_NN1 and_CC sixpence_NN1 to_II my_APPGE coffers_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II cooler_JJR weather_NN1 one_PN1 could_VM eschew_VVI the_AT punnets_NN2 and_CC pick_NN1 into_II tin_NN1 pails_NN2 but_CCB the_AT problem_NN1 was_VBDZ that_CST the_AT fruit_NN gradually_RR squashed_VVD at_II the_AT bottom_NN1 so_CS they_PPHS2 might_VM never_RR be_VBI filled_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT pay_NN1 was_VBDZ higher_JJR for_IF those_DD2 ,_, though_RR ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT amounts_NN2 of_IO money_NN1 do_VD0 not_XX ,_, now_RT ,_, seem_VV0 very_RG large_JJ but_CCB when_RRQ the_AT largest_JJT ice_NN1 cream_NN1 was_VBDZ the_AT equivalent_NN1 of_IO about_RG six_MC cents_NNU2 and_CC the_AT best_JJT seats_NN2 at_II the_AT cinema_NN1 were_VBDR three_MC shillings_NN2 ,_, it_PPH1 was_VBDZ largesse_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 used_VMK to_TO pick_VVI raspberries_NN2 till_CS I_PPIS1 had_VHD *+_NULL 1/-/-_FO in_II the_AT kitty_NN1 and_CC this_DD1 amount_NN1 did_VDD me_PPIO1 very_RG well_RR for_IF quite_RR a_AT1 while_NNT1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 used_VVD a_AT1 variety_NN1 of_IO transport_NN1 to_TO get_VVI about_RP ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL When_CS I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ very_RG young_JJ my_APPGE tricycle_NN1 took_VVD me_PPIO1 away_RP but_CCB it_PPH1 had_VHD a_AT1 very_RG narrow_JJ wheelbase_NN1 ,_, rocked_VVD at_II the_AT merest_JJT increase_NN1 in_II speed_NN1 and_CC fell_VVD over_RP sideways_RL upon_II acceleration_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ possible_JJ to_TO ride_VVI slowly_RR along_RP in_II the_AT gathering_NN1 twilight_NN1 on_II summer_NNT1 evenings_NNT2 ,_, tooting_VVG vigorously_RR through_II a_AT1 pipe_NN1 made_VVN from_II the_AT hollow_JJ stem_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 pumpkin_NN1 leaf_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Later_RRR I_PPIS1 had_VHD a_AT1 small_JJ red_JJ bicycle_NN1 and_CC then_RT a_AT1 full-size_JJ black_JJ bike_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 basket_NN1 in_II front_JJ to_TO carry_VVI things_NN2 in_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL On_II Saturday_NPD1 mornings_NNT2 in_II the_AT summer_NNT1 ,_, if_CS I_PPIS1 needed_VVD money_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 used_VMK to_TO rise_VVI early_JJ and_CC with_IW a_AT1 stump_NN1 of_IO bread_NN1 cut_VVN from_II a_AT1 Vienna_NP1 loaf_NN1 and_CC spread_VVN with_IW lumpy_JJ white_JJ honey_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 would_VM ride_VVI out_II21 of_II22 town_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 escaped_VVD ,_, therefore_RR ,_, from_II the_AT silence_NN1 in_II the_AT house_NN1 which_DDQ indicated_VVD that_CST a_AT1 storm_NN1 had_VHD passed_VVN or_CC was_VBDZ to_TO come_VVI ,_, or_CC from_II a_AT1 frightful_JJ noise_NN1 which_DDQ meant_VVD one_PN1 was_VBDZ in_II progress_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 did_VDD not_XX always_RR go_VVI out_RP looking_VVG for_IF picking_VVG jobs_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Sometimes_RT ,_, if_CS my_APPGE funds_NN2 were_VBDR sufficient_JJ ,_, I_PPIS1 merely_RR rode_VVD round_RP looking_VVG at_II things_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ a_AT1 hut_NN1 allegedly_RR made_VVN entirely_RR of_IO mud_NN1 ,_, in_II which_DDQ Girl_NN1 Guides_NN2 held_VVD meetings_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL For_IF some_DD reason_NN1 I_PPIS1 found_VVD this_DD1 idea_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 mud_NN1 hut_NN1 extremely_RR interesting_JJ and_CC I_PPIS1 used_VVD to_II bike_NN1 slowly_RR by_II ,_, staring_VVG in_RP ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Once_CS I_PPIS1 discovered_VVD an_AT1 old_JJ quarry_NN1 filled_VVN with_IW water_NN1 on_II a_AT1 road_NN1 I_PPIS1 had_VHD never_RR taken_VVN before_II and_CC I_PPIS1 went_VVD rowing_VVG about_RP in_II a_AT1 little_JJ boat_NN1 I_PPIS1 found_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ made_VVN from_II two_MC sheets_NN2 of_IO corrugated_JJ iron_NN1 nailed_VVD roughly_RR together_RL over_II some_DD sort_NN1 of_IO wooden_JJ frame_NN1 and_CC sank_VVD in_II no_AT time_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ many_DA2 years_NNT2 later_RRR that_CST I_PPIS1 realised_VVD I_PPIS1 could_VM have_VHI drowned_VVN but_CCB learned_VVD ,_, instead_RR ,_, to_TO swim_VVI quite_RG suddenly_RR ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II the_AT school_NN1 holidays_NN2 ,_, if_CS I_PPIS1 wished_VVD to_TO save_VVI the_AT bus_NN1 fare_NN1 to_II the_AT next_MD town_NN1 I_PPIS1 would_VM cycle_VVI there_RL ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ ,_, I_PPIS1 think_VV0 about_RG twelve_MC miles_NNU2 ._. ^ ^_NULL When_CS I_PPIS1 arrived_VVD there_RL ,_, after_CS about_RG three_MC hours_NNT2 of_IO gentle_JJ pedalling_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 would_VM park_VVI my_APPGE old_JJ black_JJ treasure_NN1 that_CST took_VVD me_PPIO1 everywhere_RL ,_, buy_VV0 a_AT1 chocolate-covered_JJ ice_NN1 cream_NN1 when_RRQ chocolate-covered_JJ ice_NN1 creams_NN2 were_VBDR the_AT newest_JJT thing_NN1 out_RP ,_, and_CC would_VM then_RT bike_NN1 all_DB the_AT way_NN1 home_RL again_RT ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 took_VVD all_DB day_NNT1 ,_, the_AT whole_JJ expedition_NN1 ,_, and_CC I_PPIS1 can_VM not_XX recall_VVI why_RRQ it_PPH1 seemed_VVD so_RG fascinating_JJ but_CCB it_PPH1 did_VDD ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 became_VVD a_AT1 cult_NN1 fashion_NN1 in_II the_AT latter_DA part_NN1 of_IO my_APPGE high_JJ school_NN1 career_NN1 and_CC other_JJ girls_NN2 who_PNQS could_VM afford_VVI bus_NN1 fares_NN2 or_CC who_PNQS owned_VVD bicycles_NN2 that_CST were_VBDR oiled_VVN and_CC did_VDD not_XX grind_VVI through_II the_AT miles_NNU2 ,_, used_VMK to_TO come_VVI on_II this_DD1 strange_JJ jaunt_NN1 with_IW me_PPIO1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 remember_VV0 feeling_VVG very_RG sorry_JJ for_IF one_MC1 girl_NN1 who_PNQS must_VM have_VHI had_VHN a_AT1 most_RGT loving_JJ mother_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Darkness_NP1 fell_VVD before_CS we_PPIS2 hit_VVD the_AT edges_NN2 of_IO town_NN1 and_CC I_PPIS1 still_RR recall_VV0 ,_, with_IW shame_NN1 ,_, my_APPGE complete_JJ horror_NN1 and_CC pity_NN1 when_CS someone_PN1 's_GE mother_NN1 ,_, weeping_VVG ,_, loomed_VVD out_II21 of_II22 the_AT night_NNT1 crying_VVG ,_, ^_NULL *'_" Where_CS have_VH0 you_PPY been_VBN ?_? ^ ^_NULL Oh_UH where_RRQ have_VH0 you_PPY been_VBN ?_? ^ **'_" **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL My_APPGE passion_NN1 for_IF cleanliness_NN1 ,_, considered_VVD a_AT1 quaint_JJ aberration_NN1 by_II those_DD2 with_IW whom_PNQO I_PPIS1 lived_VVD ,_, proved_VVD expensive_JJ in_II time_NNT1 but_CCB as_CSA I_PPIS1 grew_VVD older_JJR I_PPIS1 gave_VVD up_RP raspberry_NN1 picking_VVG and_CC took_VVD up_RP babysitting_VVG which_DDQ brought_VVD in_II ten_MC shillings_NN2 plus_II supper_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 glimpse_NN1 of_IO how_RGQ other_JJ people_NN lived_VVD more_RGR happily_RR than_CSN I_PPIS1 could_VM understand_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL Later_RRR even_RR than_CSN that_DD1 ,_, I_PPIS1 worked_VVD in_II the_AT local_JJ canning_JJ factory_NN1 in_II summer_NNT1 from_II six_MC till_II ten_MC at_II night_NNT1 after_II school_NN1 and_CC could_VM earn_VVI *+_NULL 8_MC in_II a_AT1 week_NNT1 ,_, a_AT1 princely_JJ sum_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL With_IW this_DD1 money_NN1 I_PPIS1 bought_VVD soap_NN1 ,_, toothpaste_NN1 ,_, toothbrushes_NN2 and_CC other_JJ bits_NN2 and_CC pieces_NN2 I_PPIS1 needed_VVD ,_, and_CC took_VVD many_DA2 small_JJ pleasures_NN2 from_II the_AT feel_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 nice_JJ cake_NN1 of_IO soap_NN1 or_CC the_AT delightful_JJ sensation_NN1 of_IO having_VHG very_RG clean_JJ teeth_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL My_APPGE life_NN1 then_RT ,_, as_CSA it_PPH1 does_VDZ now_RT ,_, provided_VVD me_PPIO1 with_IW a_AT1 thousand_NNO tiny_JJ enjoyments_NN2 that_CST some_DD people_NN never_RR notice_VV0 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL School_NN1 equipment_NN1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 problem_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Some_DD was_VBDZ provided_VVN for_IF me_PPIO1 and_CC I_PPIS1 bought_VVD things_NN2 I_PPIS1 needed_VVD but_CCB I_PPIS1 never_RR seemed_VVD to_TO have_VHI everything_PN1 that_CST was_VBDZ required_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 hit_VVD upon_II the_AT devious_JJ idea_NN1 of_IO equipping_VVG myself_PPX1 from_II the_AT lost_JJ property_NN1 room_NN1 at_II school_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL My_APPGE parents_NN2 were_VBDR by_II this_DD1 time_NNT1 in_II a_AT1 litigious_JJ phase_NN1 and_CC they_PPHS2 consulted_VVD lawyers_NN2 regularly_RR ,_, slept_VVD on_II the_AT sofa_NN1 either_RR separately_RR entirely_RR or_CC in_II differing_VVG shifts_NN2 ,_, indulged_VVD in_II endless_JJ arguments_NN2 after_II midnight_NNT1 in_II poisonous_JJ monotones_NN2 and_CC sometimes_RT did_VDD not_XX come_VVI home_RL ._. ^ ^_NULL My_APPGE activities_NN2 ,_, conducted_VVN with_IW a_AT1 wicked_JJ sort_NN1 of_IO innocence_NN1 ,_, attracted_VVD no_AT attention_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT bright_JJ ,_, bold_JJ and_CC careless_JJ children_NN2 of_IO the_AT fortunate_JJ did_VDD not_XX abound_VVI then_RT as_CSA they_PPHS2 do_VD0 now_RT but_CCB they_PPHS2 were_VBDR still_RR about_RP and_CC left_JJ unclaimed_JJ tennis_NN1 racquets_NN2 on_II the_AT school_NN1 lawn_NN1 ,_, blazers_NN2 slung_VVN over_II library_NN1 chairs_NN2 ,_, basketball_NN1 boots_NN2 ,_, regulation_NN1 shirts_NN2 ,_, ties_NN2 and_CC stockings_NN2 all_DB lying_VVG about_II the_AT buildings_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT prefects_NN2 would_VM gather_VVI up_RP these_DD2 offerings_NN2 and_CC having_VHG placed_VVN them_PPHO2 in_II the_AT lost_JJ property_NN1 room_NN1 ,_, adjourned_VVD then_RT to_II their_APPGE own_DA exclusive_JJ nook_NN1 in_II which_DDQ they_PPHS2 brewed_VVD cocoa_NN1 incessantly_RR ,_, laughed_VVD inordinately_RR and_CC talked_VVN about_II the_AT boys_NN2 at_II the_AT school_NN1 next_MD door_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *'_" Anyone_PN1 for_IF cocoa_NN1 ?_? ^ **'_" their_APPGE voices_NN2 came_VVD ,_, rather_RG muffled_JJ ,_, through_II a_AT1 closed_JJ door_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 thought_VVD they_PPHS2 always_RR seemed_VVD to_TO be_VBI having_VHG quite_RR a_AT1 jolly_JJ time_NNT1 in_II there_RL ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 remember_VV0 how_RRQ their_APPGE school_NN1 tunics_NN2 fell_VVD in_II sharp_JJ folds_NN2 ,_, the_AT three_MC box_NN1 pleats_VVZ front_JJ and_CC back_NN1 pressed_VVD each_DD1 evening_NNT1 so_CS a_AT1 deportment_NN1 stripe_NN1 could_VM be_VBI earned_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL Photographs_NN2 of_IO myself_PPX1 ,_, which_DDQ I_PPIS1 burned_VVD long_RR ago_RA ,_, showed_VVD me_PPIO1 always_RR with_IW a_AT1 distant_JJ expression_NN1 ,_, slightly_RR scruffy_JJ round_II the_AT edges_NN2 ,_, gym_NN1 slip_NN1 hanging_VVG in_II some_DD disarray_NN1 and_CC my_APPGE school_NN1 stockings_NN2 in_II concertinas_NN2 round_II my_APPGE ankles_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT distant_JJ expression_NN1 could_VM be_VBI explained_VVN by_II tiredness_NN1 and_CC my_APPGE besetting_NN1 worry_VV0 which_DDQ was_VBDZ what_DDQ might_VM be_VBI going_VVG on_RP in_II the_AT house_NN1 when_RRQ I_PPIS1 arrived_VVD home_RL ,_, and_CC the_AT concertinas_NN2 and_CC sagging_VVG pleats_NN2 by_II lack_NN1 of_IO time_NNT1 and_CC interest_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL No_AT deportment_NN1 stripe_NN1 was_VBDZ given_VVN to_II me_PPIO1 and_CC I_PPIS1 neither_RR wanted_VVD nor_CC deserved_VVD one_PN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL As_II winter_NNT1 became_VVD summer_NNT1 and_CC different_JJ sports_NN2 seasons_NNT2 came_VVD and_CC went_VVD I_PPIS1 equipped_VVD myself_PPX1 with_IW speed_NN1 and_CC care_NN1 from_II the_AT school_NN1 lost_VVD property_NN1 room_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ rarely_RR entered_VVN from_II one_MC1 term_NN1 's_VBZ beginning_VVG to_II its_APPGE end_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Advancing_JJ upon_II this_DD1 haven_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 found_VVD booties_NN2 of_IO handsome_JJ school_NN1 jerseys_NN2 with_IW their_APPGE elbows_NN2 still_RR intact_JJ ,_, school_NN1 hats_NN2 that_CST retained_VVD stiffness_NN1 in_II their_APPGE brims_NN2 ,_, black_JJ Spanish_JJ cotton_NN1 gym_NN1 rompers_VVZ without_IW a_AT1 missing_JJ button_NN1 ,_, school_NN1 ties_VVZ that_CST had_VHD not_XX been_VBN tied_VVN to_II a_AT1 pulp_NN1 ,_, basketball_NN1 boots_NN2 with_IW fine_JJ treads_NN2 ,_, tennis_NN1 balls_NN2 possessing_VVG some_DD fuzz_NN1 still_RR ,_, unladdered_JJ school_NN1 stockings_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 awaited_VVD my_APPGE swift_JJ selection_NN1 and_CC at_II the_AT end_NN1 of_IO each_DD1 season_NNT1 I_PPIS1 returned_VVD what_DDQ I_PPIS1 had_VHD borrowed_VVN equally_RR swiftly_RR ,_, washed_VVD and_CC pressed_VVN ,_, before_II finding_VVG my_APPGE next_MD requirements_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ ,_, I_PPIS1 shame_VV0 myself_PPX1 now_RT into_II admitting_VVG ,_, a_AT1 form_NN1 of_IO thievery_NN1 yet_RR I_PPIS1 did_VDD not_XX mean_VVI it_PPH1 to_TO be_VBI so_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL By_II this_DD1 means_VVZ my_APPGE four_MC years_NNT2 at_II high_JJ school_NN1 passed_VVN in_II a_AT1 state_NN1 of_IO reasonable_JJ sartorial_JJ correctness_NN1 and_CC because_CS I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ neither_RR popular_JJ nor_CC sought_VVD after_CS I_PPIS1 read_VVD dictionaries_NN2 avidly_RR ,_, spent_VVD a_AT1 lot_NN of_IO time_NNT1 in_II libraries_NN2 and_CC passed_VVD all_DB the_AT exams_NN2 in_II the_AT curriculum_NN1 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 219+TEXT+G32_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Superlatives_NN2 come_VV0 easily_RR to_II those_DD2 who_PNQS write_VV0 of_IO Joseph_NP1 Gordon_NP1 Coates_NP1 ,_, Privy_JJ Councillor_NN1 ,_, Military_NP Cross_NNL1 (_( and_CC Bar_NN1 )_) ,_, the_AT first_MD New_JJ Zealand-born_JJ Prime_JJ Minister_NN1 ,_, *"_" New_NP Zealand_NP1 's_GE greatest_JJT Finance_NN1 Minister_NN1 **"_" (_( \_NULL Dr_NNB {_NULL W.B._NP }_NULL Sutch_NP1 )_) ,_, *"_" ..._... great_JJ as_II a_AT1 leader_NN1 in_II government_NN ,_, as_II a_AT1 statesman_NN1 ..._... **"_" ^ (_( Professor_NN1 {_NULL W.J._NP }_NULL Gardner_NP1 )_) ,_, but_CCB this_DD1 account_NN1 of_IO families_NN2 settled_VVD around_RG one_MC1 small_JJ finger_NN1 at_II the_AT end_NN1 of_IO one_MC1 arm_NN1 of_IO the_AT multiple_JJ arms_NN2 of_IO the_AT Kaipara_NP1 must_VM be_VBI concerned_JJ mainly_RR with_IW the_AT seedbed_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE career_NN1 ,_, not_XX details_NN2 of_IO statesmanship_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL What_DDQ family_NN did_VDD he_PPHS1 spring_VVI from_II ?_? ^ ^_NULL How_RRQ was_VBDZ his_APPGE early_JJ growth_NN1 shaped_VVD ?_? ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Gordon_NP1 Coates_NP1 was_VBDZ born_VVN into_II a_AT1 colonial_JJ reproduction_NN1 of_IO the_AT English_JJ county_NN1 scene_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II dress_NN1 ,_, speech_NN1 and_CC social_JJ attitudes_NN2 he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ surrounded_VVN by_II pressures_NN2 to_TO consider_VVI himself_PPX1 above_II his_APPGE neighbours_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL *"_" Difficult_JJ **"_" as_II a_AT1 small_JJ boy_NN1 ,_, *"_" running_VVG wild_JJ **"_" as_II a_AT1 young_JJ man_NN1 ,_, he_PPHS1 cast_VVD off_RP English_JJ inhibitions_NN2 and_CC snobbery_NN1 and_CC embraced_VVD *-_- too_RG enthusiastically_RR some_DD would_VM say_VVI *-_- the_AT colonial_JJ style_NN1 of_IO life_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL On_II the_AT male_JJ side_NN1 there_EX were_VBDR three_MC influences_VVZ to_TO react_VVI to_II :_: his_APPGE father_NN1 Edward_NP1 's_GE and_CC that_DD1 of_IO his_APPGE two_MC uncles_NN2 ,_, Thomas_NP1 and_CC Henry_NP1 Coates_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Each_DD1 ,_, in_II distinctive_JJ ways_NN2 ,_, cut_VVD a_AT1 dash_NN1 on_II the_AT early_JJ Kaipara_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT brothers_NN2 were_VBDR descended_VVN from_II a_AT1 long_JJ line_NN1 of_IO Herefordshire_NP1 farmers_NN2 ,_, notable_JJ cattle_NN2 and_CC sheep_NN breeders_VVZ ,_, members_NN2 of_IO the_AT *"_" squire-ocracy_NN1 **"_" who_PNQS ran_VVD English_JJ counties_NN2 before_II elected_JJ local_JJ government_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL Their_APPGE father_NN1 ,_, squire_NN1 of_IO Eyton_NP House_NNL1 ,_, had_VHD thirteen_MC children_NN2 ,_, seven_MC of_IO them_PPHO2 sons_NN2 *-_- too_RG many_DA2 to_TO share_VVI his_APPGE acres_NNU2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II 1866_MC ,_, 23-year-old_JJ Edward_NP1 and_CC his_APPGE 19-year-old_JJ brother_NN1 Thomas_NP1 left_VVD for_IF New_NP Zealand_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Henry_NP1 came_VVD later_RRR ._. ^ ^_NULL Travelling_VVG in_II a_AT1 three-masted_JJ clipper_NN1 's_GE spacious_JJ saloon_NN1 (_( it_PPH1 was_VBDZ half_DB empty_JJ ,_, an_AT1 army_NNJ officer_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 lawyer_NN1 were_VBDR the_AT only_JJ others_NN2 who_PNQS could_VM afford_VVI the_AT cost_NN1 )_) ,_, they_PPHS2 reached_VVD Auckland_NP1 in_II just_RR under_RG four_MC months_NNT2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT fare_NN1 in_II the_AT *1_NULL Winterthur_NP1 *0_NULL had_VHD been_VBN paid_VVN by_II Washington_NP1 Charters_NN2 ,_, owner_NN1 of_IO the_AT Ulster_NP1 Linen_NN1 Company_NNJ ,_, Belfast_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS had_VHD married_VVN the_AT oldest_JJT Coates_NP1 daughter_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 also_RR financed_VVD the_AT brothers_NN2 '_GE land_NN1 purchases_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Belfast_NP1 linen_NN1 mills_NN2 ,_, notorious_JJ for_IF their_APPGE conditions_NN2 of_IO labour_NN1 ,_, were_VBDR some_DD of_IO the_AT most_RGT profitable_JJ in_II mid-century_NNT1 industrial_JJ Britain_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT brothers_NN2 had_VHD corresponded_VVN with_IW Francis_NP1 Hull_NP1 ,_, son_NN1 of_IO another_DD1 rich_JJ Belfast_NP1 millowner_NN1 ,_, who_PNQS had_VHD settled_VVN on_II the_AT Otamatea_NP1 five_MC years_NNT2 before_RT ._. ^ ^_NULL While_CS spying_VVG out_RP the_AT land_NN1 they_PPHS2 stayed_VVD for_IF several_DA2 months_NNT2 in_II his_APPGE three-storey_JJ house_NN1 built_VVN on_II the_AT lower_JJR slopes_NN2 of_IO Pukekororo_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL On_II one_MC1 expedition_NN1 they_PPHS2 rowed_VVD up_RP the_AT Arapaoa_NP1 to_II Metcalfe_NP1 's_GE Clairmont_NP1 and_CC walked_VVD back_RP along_II the_AT beach_NN1 towards_II Hukatere_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 reached_VVD a_AT1 small_JJ mangrove-fringed_JJ inlet_NN1 ,_, packed_VVD their_APPGE clothes_NN2 on_II their_APPGE heads_NN2 ,_, and_CC swam_VVD across_RL ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 climbed_VVD a_AT1 low_JJ cliff_NN1 ,_, stood_VVD upon_II easy_JJ rolling_JJ country_NN1 and_CC saw_VVD good_JJ soil_NN1 supporting_VVG light_JJ virgin_JJ bush_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ the_AT 2500_MC acre_NNU1 Unuwhao_NP1 block_NN1 *-_- land_NN1 ,_, in_II a_AT1 phrase_NN1 from_II the_AT Coates_NP1 family_NN history_NN1 ,_, *"_" originally_RR granted_VVN to_II the_AT Maoris_NP2 in_II 1866_MC by_II Sir_NNB George_NP1 Grey_NP1 ._. **"_" ^ ^_NULL Francis_NP1 Hull_NP1 had_VHD bought_VVN it_PPH1 from_II the_AT Maori_JJ owners_NN2 ,_, resold_VVD 80_MC acres_NNU2 to_II {_NULL C.J._NP }_NULL Metcalfe_NP1 and_CC was_VBDZ pleased_JJ to_TO let_VVI the_AT Coates_NP1 brothers_NN2 buy_VVI the_AT rest_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT brothers_NN2 lived_VVN for_IF six_MC years_NNT2 in_II a_AT1 four-roomed_JJ cottage_NN1 closer_RRR to_II the_AT water_NN1 than_CSN present-day_JJ Ruatuna_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 called_VVD it_PPH1 Eyton_NP1 ,_, after_CS the_AT mansion_NN1 at_II home_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Then_RT in_II 1873_MC ,_, although_CS remaining_VVG in_II farming_NN1 partnership_NN1 with_IW Edward_NP1 ,_, Thomas_NP1 married_JJ and_CC moved_VVD down_RP river_NN1 to_II the_AT Te_AT Kawau_NP1 block_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 had_VHD bought_VVN it_PPH1 in_II 1871_MC from_II Manukau_NP1 ,_, the_AT Uriohau_NP1 chief_NN1 ,_, for_IF *+_NULL 150_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL On_II a_AT1 commanding_JJ headland_NN1 with_IW distant_JJ harbour_NN1 views_NN2 ,_, one_MC1 side_NN1 looking_VVG over_II the_AT water_NN1 to_II Pahi_NP1 ,_, the_AT other_JJ across_II mangroves_NN2 to_II Manukau_NP1 's_GE village_NN1 of_IO Karakanui_NP1 ,_, he_PPHS1 built_VVD a_AT1 substantial_JJ shingle-roofed_JJ kauri_NN2 house_VV0 with_IW attic_NN1 bedrooms_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Elizabeth_NP1 Phillips_NP1 of_IO Sudley_NP House_NNL1 ,_, Gloucestershire_NP1 ,_, married_JJ Thomas_NP1 in_II \_NULL St_NP Mary_NP1 's_GE Cathedral_NN1 ,_, Parnell_NP1 ,_, and_CC in_II thirteen_MC years_NNT2 at_II Te_AT Kawau_NP1 bore_VVD him_PPHO1 six_MC of_IO their_APPGE eight_MC children_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Four_MC were_VBDR born_VVN in_II the_AT first_MD four_MC years_NNT2 ,_, only_RR two_MC surviving_JJ infancy_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Thomas_NP1 and_CC Elizabeth_NP1 moved_VVD from_II Te_AT Kawau_NP1 in_II 1886_MC when_RRQ they_PPHS2 bought_VVD the_AT 3000-acre_NNU1 Pukekororo_NP1 block_NN1 ,_, near_II Kaiwaka_NP1 ,_, for_IF its_APPGE kauri_NN2 timber_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 lived_VVD there_RL for_IF ten_MC years_NNT2 before_II making_VVG their_APPGE final_JJ home_NN1 on_II a_AT1 stud_NN1 farm_NN1 on_II 300_MC acres_NNU2 of_IO Maori_JJ leasehold_NN1 at_II what_DDQ is_VBZ now_RT the_AT Auckland_NP1 suburb_NN1 of_IO Orakei_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT prospect_NN1 of_IO profit_NN1 from_II milling_NN1 was_VBDZ not_XX the_AT only_JJ reason_NN1 for_IF the_AT shift_NN1 from_II the_AT river_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Thomas_NP1 ,_, like_II his_APPGE brother_NN1 ,_, gave_VVD musical_JJ items_NN2 at_II Pahi_NP1 concerts_NN2 *-_- he_PPHS1 **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL was_VBDZ a_AT1 violinist_NN1 and_CC bass_JJ singer_NN1 *-_- but_CCB unlike_II his_APPGE brother_NN1 he_PPHS1 failed_VVD to_TO fit_VVI into_II the_AT life_NN1 of_IO the_AT Kaipara_NP1 community_NNJ ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ a_AT1 fierceness_NN1 to_II the_AT stylish_JJ cut_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE whiskers_NN2 and_CC it_PPH1 was_VBDZ an_AT1 accurate_JJ portrayal_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE temperament_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ squire_NN1 material_NN1 ,_, one_PN1 to_TO relish_VVI clattering_VVG into_II the_AT village_NN1 on_II a_AT1 spirited_JJ horse_NN1 ,_, the_AT bystanders_NN2 forced_VVD aside_RL ,_, the_AT bridle_NN1 thrown_VVN to_II a_AT1 lackey_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Waiting_VVG for_IF tides_NN2 ,_, bending_VVG to_II the_AT oars_NN2 ,_, dragging_VVG a_AT1 rowboat_NN1 through_II salt_NN1 mud_NN1 *-_- how_RRQ very_RG different_JJ the_AT entry_NN1 into_II Pahi_NP1 settlement_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL His_APPGE autocratic_JJ ways_NN2 received_VVN without_IW enthusiasm_NN1 in_II the_AT wider_JJR world_NN1 ,_, the_AT Coates_NP1 appetite_NN1 for_IF command_NN1 was_VBDZ restricted_VVN to_II the_AT circle_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE own_DA family_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL His_APPGE sons_NN2 ,_, sapped_VVD of_IO initiative_NN1 ,_, failed_VVD to_TO make_VVI any_DD mark_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL His_APPGE brother_NN1 's_VHZ sons_NN2 ,_, Rodney_NP1 and_CC Gordon_NP1 ,_, were_VBDR to_TO be_VBI the_AT sole_JJ public_JJ figures_NN2 of_IO the_AT next_MD generation_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Thomas_NP1 Coates_NP1 retained_VVD ownership_NN1 of_IO Te_AT Kawau_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Its_APPGE eleven_MC acres_NNU2 of_IO fruit_NN trees_NN2 were_VBDR leased_VVN to_II George_NP1 Haines_NP1 ,_, the_AT Pahi_NP1 storekeeper_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL (_( Haines_NP1 accidentally_RR shot_VVD himself_PPX1 in_II the_AT orchard_NN1 when_CS clubbing_VVG a_AT1 wild_JJ pig_NN1 with_IW the_AT butt_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 loaded_JJ gun_NN1 ._. )_) ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 remnant_NN1 of_IO Maori_JJ land_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 10-acre_JJ waterfront_NN1 piece_NN1 ,_, site_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 headland_NN1 pa_NN1 ,_, was_VBDZ added_VVN in_II 1907_MC ,_, purchased_VVD for_IF *+_NULL 30_MC from_II Mihaka_NP1 Makoare_NP1 of_IO Pouto_NP1 ,_, but_CCB the_AT whole_JJ property_NN1 remained_VVD unoccupied_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL On_II one_MC1 of_IO the_AT finest_JJT sites_NN2 on_II the_AT Kaipara_NP1 the_AT house_NN1 stood_VVD open_JJ to_TO wind_VVI and_CC rain_NN1 for_IF decades_NNT2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Derelict_JJ ,_, with_IW a_AT1 dangerous_JJ staircase_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 was_VBDZ barely_RR usable_JJ for_IF one_MC1 son_NN1 's_VBZ camping_VVG honeymoon_NN1 in_II 1922_MC and_CC for_IF years_NNT2 the_AT neglected_JJ orchard_NN1 came_VVD alive_JJ only_JJ when_RRQ Pahi_NP1 opportunists_NN2 made_VVD it_PPH1 the_AT location_NN1 of_IO carefully_RR timed_JJ picnics_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT house_NN1 finally_RR collapsed_VVD in_II the_AT wind_NN1 and_CC there_EX was_VBDZ no_AT trace_NN1 of_IO habitation_NN1 when_RRQ the_AT Te_AT Kawau_NP1 block_NN1 was_VBDZ sold_VVN for_IF soldier_NN1 settlement_NN1 after_II World_NN1 War_NN1 Two_MC ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Today_RT the_AT old_JJ house_NN1 site_NN1 is_VBZ marked_VVN by_II Norfolk_NP Island_NNL1 pines_NN2 ,_, a_AT1 semi-circle_NN1 of_IO oaks_NN2 ,_, a_AT1 distinctive_JJ monkey_NN1 puzzle_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 grand_JJ Moreton_NP Bay_NNL1 fig_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL At_II the_AT end_NN1 of_IO the_AT headland_NN1 ,_, just_RR below_II the_AT trees_NN2 ,_, can_VM be_VBI found_VVN the_AT gravestone_NN1 of_IO the_AT first_MD child_NN1 ,_, Thomas_NP1 ,_, born_VVN 5_MC February_NPM1 1874_MC ,_, died_VVD at_II 13_MC months_NNT2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT third_MD daughter_NN1 ,_, Fanny_NP1 Jassmine_NP1 ,_, born_VVN 15_MC July_NPM1 1877_MC ,_, died_VVD at_II 18_MC months_NNT2 ,_, is_VBZ also_RR recorded_VVN on_II the_AT stone_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ entirely_RR in_II character_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 patriarchal_JJ Victorian_NN1 not_XX to_TO mark_VVI a_AT1 daughter_NN1 's_VBZ death_NN1 *-_- and_CC it_PPH1 was_VBDZ not_XX ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT inscription_NN1 below_II baby_NN1 Thomas_NP1 's_GE name_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN added_VVN in_II recent_JJ times_NNT2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Edward_NP1 Coates_NP1 was_VBDZ still_RR a_AT1 bachelor_NN1 when_RRQ his_APPGE younger_JJR brother_NN1 fathered_VVD his_APPGE fourth_MD child_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 rectified_VVD the_AT matter_NN1 that_DD1 year_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Guns_NN2 fired_VVD at_II Pahi_NP1 and_CC bonfires_NN2 blazed_VVD on_II promontories_NN2 reaching_VVG into_II the_AT Arapaoa_NP1 when_RRQ he_PPHS1 brought_VVD his_APPGE city_NN1 bride_NN1 ,_, Eleanor_NP1 Aickin_NP1 ,_, to_II the_AT splendid_JJ new_JJ house_NN1 he_PPHS1 had_VHD prepared_VVN half_RR21 way_RR22 between_II Pahi_NP1 and_CC Matakohe_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL After_II passing_VVG the_AT Funnel_NP1 ,_, the_AT couple_NN1 had_VHD travelled_VVN for_IF two_MC hours_NNT2 in_II sight_NN1 of_IO land_NN1 the_AT brothers_NN2 had_VHD been_VBN farming_VVG for_IF 10_MC years_NNT2 ._. ^ ^_NULL For_IF 10_MC miles_NNU2 (_( 16_MC \_NULL km_NNU )_) as_II the_AT tern_NN1 flies_NN2 ,_, they_PPHS2 had_VHD passed_VVN the_AT Komiti_NP1 block_NN1 ,_, the_AT Hukatere_NP1 block_NN1 ,_, the_AT Unuwhao_NP1 block_NN1 *-_- most_DAT of_IO the_AT Tinopai_NP Peninsula_NNL1 ,_, over_RG 25,000_MC acres_NNU2 ,_, leasehold_NN1 and_CC freehold_NN1 ,_, in_II Coates_NP1 hands_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Ruatuna_NP1 ,_, their_APPGE waiting_VVG home_RL ,_, sited_VVD on_II high_JJ ground_NN1 back_RP from_II the_AT water_NN1 ,_, was_VBDZ built_VVN by_II Samuel_NP1 Cooksey_NP1 with_IW the_AT same_DA craftsman_NN1 's_VBZ respect_NN1 for_IF wood_NN1 as_CSA he_PPHS1 had_VHD shown_VVN in_II building_VVG the_AT vaulted_JJ roof_NN1 of_IO Pahi_NP1 Hall_NNL1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Externally_RR a_AT1 conventional_JJ colonial_JJ house_NN1 ,_, Ruatuna_NP1 's_GE interior_JJ lines_NN2 soared_VVD to_TO follow_VVI the_AT high_JJ gable_NN1 roof_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL With_IW no_AT ceiling_NN1 ,_, gable-end_JJ windows_NN2 normally_RR servicing_VVG attic_NN1 bedrooms_NN2 gave_VVD top-light_NN1 to_II a_AT1 generous_JJ farm_NN1 kitchen_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 comfortable_JJ living_JJ room_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Modest_JJ lean-tos_NN2 served_VVN as_CSA bedrooms_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Edward_NP1 Coates_NP1 had_VHD modelled_VVN the_AT plan_NN1 on_II a_AT1 Scottish_JJ hunting_NN1 lodge_NN1 he_PPHS1 had_VHD visited_VVN and_CC Cooksey_NP1 lovingly_RR put_VVD it_PPH1 into_II effect_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 cornet_NN1 player_NN1 and_CC fine_JJ tenor_NN1 singer_NN1 ,_, Edward_NP1 had_VHD been_VBN impressed_VVN by_II the_AT acoustics_NN2 of_IO the_AT lodge_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Not_XX just_RR that_DD1 fact_NN1 and_CC nostalgia_NN1 had_VHD dictated_VVN the_AT design_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Over_RG six_MC feet_NN2 tall_JJ like_II his_APPGE brother_NN1 ,_, he_PPHS1 would_VM have_VHI ill-fitted_JJ the_AT low_JJ ceilings_NN2 ,_, stunted_JJ doorways_NN2 (_( and_CC thigh_NN1 pinching_VVG tables_NN2 )_) typical_JJ of_IO many_DA2 first_MD homes_NN2 of_IO immigrants_NN2 from_II ill-fed_JJ industrial_JJ Britain_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Eleanor_NP1 Kathleen_NP1 Aickin_NP1 and_CC Edward_NP1 had_VHD been_VBN married_VVN in_II \_NULL St_NP Lukes_NP1 Church_NNJ ,_, \_NULL Mt_NNL1 Albert_NP ,_, Auckland_NP1 on_II 28_MC May_NPM1 1877_MC and_CC on_II 3_MC February_NPM1 1878_MC a_ZZ1 child_NN1 was_VBDZ born_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ named_VVN Joseph_NP1 Gordon_NP1 *-_- and_CC the_AT boy_NN1 impatient_JJ to_TO start_VVI life_NN1 stormed_VVD on_RP as_CSA lustily_RR for_IF the_AT next_MD 65_MC years_NNT2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Gunshots_NP1 had_VHD given_VVN his_APPGE mother_NN1 a_AT1 district_NN1 's_VBZ welcome_JJ ,_, the_AT gun-carriage_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 state_NN1 funeral_NN1 were_VBDR to_TO give_VVI her_APPGE son_NN1 the_AT farewell_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 nation_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Coates_NP1 was_VBDZ born_VVN to_II the_AT idea_NN1 of_IO public_JJ office_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL His_APPGE father_NN1 sat_VVD on_II the_AT bench_NN1 at_II Pahi_NP1 court_NN1 hearings_NN2 ,_, he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ trustee_NN1 of_IO hall_NN1 and_CC cemetery_NN1 ,_, his_APPGE guiding_JJ hand_NN1 was_VBDZ on_II school_NN1 and_CC church_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ in_II charge_NN1 at_II early_JJ regattas_NN2 and_CC when_RRQ the_AT North_NP Kaipara_NP1 Agriculture_NN1 Association_NNJ held_VVD its_APPGE first_MD show_NN1 at_II Pahi_NP1 in_II 1876_MC he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ ,_, at_II 33_MC ,_, its_APPGE first_MD president_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Genuine_JJ popularity_NN1 ,_, not_XX just_JJ deference_NN1 to_II the_AT gentry_NN1 ,_, had_VHD lit_VVN the_AT welcoming_JJ bonfires_NN2 for_IF his_APPGE bride_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 squire_NN1 's_VBZ obligation_NN1 to_TO serve_VVI carried_VVN with_IW it_PPH1 an_AT1 edge_NN1 of_IO superiority_NN1 but_CCB ,_, unlike_II Thomas_NP1 ,_, Edward_NP1 did_VDD not_XX let_VVI the_AT edge_NN1 cut_VVD too_RG deeply_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 wise_JJ precaution_NN1 as_II the_AT hostile_JJ reaction_NN1 to_II organization_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 concert_NN1 that_CST followed_VVD the_AT 1876_MC regatta_NN1 shows_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 *1_NULL Weekly_NP1 News_NP1 *0_NULL correspondent_NN1 was_VBDZ outraged_VVN by_II old_JJ world_NN1 social_JJ distinction_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 crowd_NN of_IO all_DB ages_NN2 and_CC sexes_NN2 had_VHD been_VBN kept_VVN waiting_VVG nearly_RR an_AT1 hour_NNT1 ,_, he_PPHS1 said_VVD ,_, before_CS the_AT concert_NN1 doors_NN2 were_VBDR opened_VVN ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL But_CCB some_DD democrats_NN2 exacted_VVD crude_JJ retribution_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 persisted_VVD in_II talking_VVG in_II loud_JJ voices_NN2 when_RRQ Edward_NP1 Coates_NP1 's_GE *"_" first_MD class_NN1 singing_VVG deserved_JJ breathless_JJ silence_NN1 ._. **"_" ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Edward_NP1 did_VDD not_XX escape_VVI his_APPGE origins_NN2 and_CC in_II later_JJR years_NNT2 hoped_VVD to_TO move_VVI to_II a_AT1 society_NN more_RGR exalted_JJ than_CSN that_DD1 of_IO the_AT Kaipara_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 letter_NN1 written_VVN in_II 1896_MC to_II Washington_NP1 Charters_NN2 ,_, his_APPGE brother-in-law_NN1 in_II Ireland_NP1 ,_, reveals_VVZ a_AT1 desire_NN1 to_TO follow_VVI Thomas_NP1 Coates_NP1 's_GE example_NN1 :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Edward_NP1 's_GE daughters_NN2 Ada_NP1 and_CC Dolly_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS did_VDD not_XX marry_VVI ,_, may_VM have_VHI lived_VVN different_JJ lives_NN2 if_CS ,_, like_II their_APPGE cousins_NN2 ,_, they_PPHS2 too_RR had_VHD moved_VVN to_II a_AT1 society_NN *"_" fit_VV0 for_IF them_PPHO2 ._. **"_" ^ ^_NULL But_CCB the_AT shift_NN1 from_II Ruatuna_NP1 was_VBDZ never_RR made_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL Edward_NP1 had_VHD suffered_VVN from_II recurring_VVG bouts_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 mental_JJ illness_NN1 and_CC the_AT attacks_NN2 worsened_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL What_DDQ local_JJ legend_NN1 says_VVZ was_VBDZ the_AT result_NN1 of_IO being_VBG bitten_VVN by_II a_AT1 dog_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN more_RGR precisely_RR described_VVN as_CSA either_DD1 **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL *"_" melancholia_NN1 ,_, **"_" a_AT1 deep_JJ depression_NN1 ,_, or_CC *"_" asthenia_NN1 ,_, **"_" an_AT1 anxiety_NN1 neurosis_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT illness_NN1 finally_RR incapacitated_VVD him_PPHO1 and_CC he_PPHS1 died_VVD in_II 1905_MC aged_II 61_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL His_APPGE wife_NN1 Eleanor_NP1 outlived_VVD him_PPHO1 by_II thirty_MC years_NNT2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL For_IF Gordon_NP1 Coates_NP1 ,_, *"_" society_NN **"_" standards_NN2 were_VBDR always_RR maintained_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL His_APPGE father_NN1 (_( and_CC his_APPGE Uncle_NNB Thomas_NP1 )_) had_VHD dressed_VVN for_IF the_AT farm_NN1 in_II a_AT1 white_JJ shirt_NN1 ,_, butterfly_NN1 collar_NN1 ,_, knotted_JJ tie_NN1 ,_, and_CC half_DB top_JJ hat_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Gordon_NP1 and_CC his_APPGE brother_NN1 Rodney_NP1 turned_VVD out_RP for_IF mustering_VVG wearing_JJ silk_NN1 shirts_NN2 ,_, ties_NN2 and_CC bowler_NN1 hats_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Only_RR the_AT bowler_NN1 came_VVD off_RP for_IF shearing_VVG ._. ^ ^_NULL His_APPGE sisters_NN2 ,_, of_RR21 course_RR22 ,_, dressed_VVN as_CSA ladies_NN2 should_VM and_CC did_VDD not_XX attend_VVI the_AT local_JJ school_NN1 ,_, being_VBG educated_VVN by_II a_AT1 succession_NN1 of_IO governesses_NN2 (_( it_PPH1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 rapid_JJ succession_NN1 until_CS Eleanor_NP1 intervened_VVD in_II her_APPGE husband_NN1 's_VHZ appointments_NN2 to_TO require_VVI teaching_VVG merit_NN1 ahead_II21 of_II22 looks_NN2 )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC around_II Ruatuna_NP1 ,_, peacocks_NN2 strutted_VVD ,_, grape_NN1 arbours_NN2 ripened_VVD ,_, and_CC *-_- echo_NN1 of_IO the_AT game_NN1 park_VV0 *-_- a_AT1 herd_NN1 of_IO alpaca_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 kind_NN1 of_IO llama_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 valuable_JJ coat_NN1 of_IO hair_NN1 ,_, swivelled_VVD their_APPGE stately_JJ ,_, spittle-aiming_JJ heads_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Sadly_NP1 ,_, the_AT gracious_JJ life_NN1 was_VBDZ taken_VVN to_TO caricature_VVI on_II the_AT neighbouring_JJ 480-acre_JJ farm_NN1 settled_VVN by_II a_AT1 late_JJ arrival_NN1 ,_, the_AT Coates_NP1 's_GE older_JJR brother_NN1 Henry_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 built_VVD a_AT1 bachelor_NN1 cottage_NN1 on_II31 top_II32 of_II33 what_DDQ is_VBZ now_RT known_VVN as_II Uncle_NP Harry_NP 's_GE Hill_NNL1 and_CC tunnelled_VVD into_II its_APPGE slopes_NN2 to_TO build_VVI stables_NN2 and_CC kennels_NN2 for_IF a_AT1 pack_NN1 of_IO hounds_NN2 that_CST ran_VVD to_II the_AT echo_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE hunting_NN1 bugle_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL His_APPGE scarlet_JJ tunic_NN1 flashing_VVG across_II Kaipara_NP1 bush_NN1 **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL -burn_NN1 and_CC bracken_NN1 fern_NN1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 spectacle_NN1 that_CST produced_VVD mixed_JJ feelings_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Henry_NP1 Scotland_NP1 ,_, for_IF one_PN1 ,_, the_AT legislative_JJ councillor_NN1 who_PNQS lived_VVD down_RP river_NN1 ,_, was_VBDZ later_JJR to_TO demand_VVI that_DD1 blood_NN1 sports_NN2 be_VBI kept_VVN out_II21 of_II22 New_NP Zealand_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL An_AT1 accomplished_JJ rider_NN1 ,_, Henry_NP1 Coates_NP1 owned_VVD a_AT1 show_NN1 horse_NN1 of_IO some_DD renown_NN1 and_CC regularly_RR invited_VVD the_AT district_NN1 to_TO hurdle_VVI races_NN2 on_II his_APPGE property_NN1 *-_- races_NN2 he_PPHS1 **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL invariably_RR won_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ not_XX unaware_JJ of_IO the_AT figure_NN1 he_PPHS1 cut_VVD ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 220+TEXT+G33_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL We_PPIS2 were_VBDR anxious_JJ now_RT to_TO tell_VVI New_NP Zealand_NP1 of_IO the_AT needs_NN2 in_II the_AT hospital_NN1 and_CC enlist_VV0 their_APPGE help_NN1 *-_- spiritual_JJ ,_, medical_JJ ,_, paramedical_JJ ,_, and_CC in_II fact_NN1 any_DD who_PNQS had_VHD a_AT1 contribution_NN1 to_TO give_VVI in_II any_DD area_NN1 would_VM be_VBI encouraged_VVN to_TO come_VVI and_CC give_VVI it_PPH1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 so_RR happened_VVD that_CST our_APPGE flight_NN1 to_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 coincided_VVD with_IW that_DD1 of_IO Ibu_NP1 Marama_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT man_NN1 who_PNQS had_VHD conceived_VVN and_CC initiated_VVN the_AT wool_NN1 project_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT woman_NN1 who_PNQS brought_VVD it_PPH1 to_II fruition_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Now_RT we_PPIS2 were_VBDR going_VVG our_APPGE separate_JJ ways_NN2 after_II being_VBG so_RG closely_RR involved_JJ in_II an_AT1 exciting_JJ grass_NN1 roots_NN2 project_VV0 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ perhaps_RR understandable_JJ that_CST at_II the_AT sight_NN1 of_IO the_AT bedraggled_JJ Gray_JJ family_NN at_II one_MC1 end_NN1 of_IO the_AT airport_NN1 ,_, she_PPHS1 decided_VVD to_TO choose_VVI the_AT other_JJ end_NN1 for_IF her_APPGE farewells_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 tired_JJ doctor_NN1 ,_, his_APPGE skinny_JJ under-nourished_JJ wife_NN1 ,_, plus_II three_MC small_JJ girls_NN2 dressed_VVN alike_RR in_II batik_NN1 ,_, clutching_VVG seemingly_RR inappropriate_JJ luggage_NN1 ;_; dolls_NN2 ,_, potties_NN2 ,_, last_MD minute_NNT1 gifts_NN2 wrapped_VVD in_II bamboo_NN1 leaves_NN2 and_CC cheap_JJ rice_NN1 paper_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Ibu_NP1 Marama_NP1 required_VVD a_AT1 dignified_JJ atmosphere_NN1 for_IF her_APPGE smooth_JJ exit_NN1 accompanied_VVD by_II a_AT1 member_NN1 of_IO the_AT Department_NNJ of_IO Home_NN1 Industries_NNJ2 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 were_VBDR happy_JJ to_TO be_VBI surrounded_VVN by_II a_AT1 group_NN of_IO friends_NN2 whom_PNQO we_PPIS2 had_VHD learnt_VVN to_TO love_VVI and_CC respect_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL At_II the_AT end_NN1 of_IO 1962_MC because_II21 of_II22 the_AT faithfulness_NN1 of_IO elderly_JJ Ibu_NP1 Enti_NP1 and_CC a_AT1 handful_NN1 of_IO \_NULL TB_NN1 and_CC arthritic_JJ patients_NN2 ,_, the_AT skills_NN2 of_IO using_VVG the_AT indigenous_JJ materials_NN2 were_VBDR maintained_VVN without_IW overseas_JJ expertise_NN1 and_CC continued_VVN for_IF another_DD1 10_MC years_NNT2 as_II an_AT1 active_JJ occupational_JJ therapy_NN1 department_NNJ ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO outside_JJ groups_NN2 were_VBDR trained_VVN also_RR to_TO carry_VVI on_RP the_AT skills_NN2 ,_, producing_VVG attractive_JJ bags_NN2 ,_, jerseys_NN2 ,_, tray_NN1 cloths_NN2 ,_, scarves_NN2 and_CC tea_NN1 cosies_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Not_XX only_RR were_VBDR they_PPHS2 trained_VVN in_II making_VVG wool_NN1 into_II yarn_NN1 ,_, but_CCB in_II knitting_NN1 and_CC weaving_VVG also_RR ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Later_RRR in_II the_AT area_NN1 of_IO Indramayu_NP1 ,_, some_DD 120_MC \_NULL km_NNU north_ND1 of_IO Bandung_NP1 (_( where_CS subsistence_NN1 farming_NN1 was_VBDZ complemented_VVN with_IW a_AT1 great_JJ cotton_NN1 weaving_VVG industry_NN1 and_CC where_RRQ simple_JJ wooden_JJ hand_NN1 looms_NN2 were_VBDR utilised_VVN )_) ,_, the_AT opening_NN1 of_IO Asian_JJ markets_NN2 following_VVG the_AT coup_NN1 was_VBDZ to_TO prove_VVI disastrous_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Cheap_JJ imported_JJ cotton_NN1 material_NN1 from_II Taiwan_NP1 ,_, Japan_NP1 and_CC Korea_NP1 flooded_VVD the_AT markets_NN2 ,_, leaving_VVG hundreds_NNO2 of_IO thousands_NNO2 below_II the_AT subsistence_NN1 level_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II 1979_MC 12_MC women_NN2 from_II this_DD1 area_NN1 came_VVD to_II Immanuel_NP1 Hospital_NNL1 to_TO follow_VVI an_AT1 intensive_JJ course_NN1 as_II part_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 government_NN training_NN1 course_NN1 to_TO rehabilitate_VVI this_DD1 economically_RR depressed_JJ area_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT following_JJ year_NNT1 a_AT1 fulltime_NN1 expert_NN1 from_II the_AT hospital_NN1 was_VBDZ sent_VVN to_TO work_VVI in_II the_AT area_NN1 ,_, and_CC through_II the_AT Sundanese_JJ church_NN1 the_AT skill_NN1 was_VBDZ spread_VVN to_II Lembang_NP1 ,_, Leles_NP1 ,_, Sumedang_NP1 and_CC Garut_NP1 ,_, some_DD 80_MC \_NULL km_NNU away_RL (_( other_JJ areas_NN2 also_RR )_) ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II the_AT past_JJ six_MC years_NNT2 the_AT project_NN1 has_VHZ trained_VVN other_JJ folk_NN2 in_II Cisarua_NP1 Psychiatric_JJ Hospital_NN1 and_CC government_NN rehabilitation_NN1 projects_NN2 in_II other_JJ West_NP Java_NP1 provincial_JJ areas_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT active_JJ occupational_JJ therapy_NN1 unit_NN1 in_II the_AT hospital_NN1 is_VBZ no_AT more_RRR ,_, but_CCB has_VHZ become_VVN a_AT1 resource_NN1 centre_NN1 of_IO the_AT spinning_NN1 ,_, weaving_VVG and_CC knitting_VVG skills_NN2 using_VVG indigenous_JJ wool_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 are_VBR now_RT (_( 1987_MC )_) producing_VVG their_APPGE own_DA spinning_JJ wheels_NN2 very_RG successfully_RR ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL This_DD1 totally_RR indigenous_JJ creativity_NN1 ensures_VVZ that_CST all_DB those_DD2 years_NNT2 of_IO investment_NN1 in_II time_NNT1 and_CC money_NN1 and_CC gifts_NN2 from_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 have_VH0 not_XX been_VBN in_RR21 vain_RR22 ._. ^ ^_NULL (_( Foreign_JJ Aid_NN1 projects_NN2 which_DDQ are_VBR aimed_VVN at_II village_NN1 level_NN1 out_II21 of_II22 an_AT1 initial_JJ vision_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 solution_NN1 for_IF people_NN 's_GE needs_NN2 may_VM only_RR prove_VVI successful_JJ after_II many_DA2 years_NNT2 of_IO exposure_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT above_JJ instance_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 homecraft_NN1 skill_NN1 was_VBDZ introduced_VVN ,_, acknowledged_VVD as_RG feasible_JJ ,_, but_CCB was_VBDZ not_XX taken_VVN up_RP at_II village_NN1 level_NN1 until_CS the_AT prerequisite_JJ economic_JJ factors_NN2 convinced_VVD them_PPHO2 of_IO its_APPGE value_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 can_VM only_RR be_VBI thankful_JJ that_CST the_AT skills_NN2 were_VBDR kept_VVN alive_JJ by_II a_AT1 faithful_JJ few_DA2 at_II the_AT hospital_NN1 until_CS the_AT time_NNT1 was_VBDZ ripe_JJ ._. )_) ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL *<_NULL *5_NULL 6_MC :_: *"_" To_TO see_VVI ourselves_PPX2 as_CSA others_NN2 see_VV0 us_PPIO2 **"_" *>_NULL ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL In_II the_AT uncanny_JJ ,_, dreamy_JJ limbo_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 aeroplane_NN1 a_AT1 high-pitched_JJ little_JJ voice_NN1 broke_VVD through_II our_APPGE tired_JJ senses_NN2 :_: ^_NULL *"_" Will_NP1 there_EX be_VBI babies_NN2 and_CC swings_VVZ in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 ?_? **"_" ^ Kartini_NP1 asked_VVD ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" Do_VD0 we_PPIS2 sleep_VVI in_II beds_NN2 there_RL ?_? **"_" questioned_VVD the_AT practical_JJ Marion_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL We_PPIS2 try_VV0 to_TO catch_VVI some_DD of_IO their_APPGE excitement_NN1 ,_, and_CC slowly_RR realise_VV0 that_CST four_MC years_NNT2 is_VBZ a_AT1 lifetime_NNT1 for_IF little_JJ children_NN2 ,_, and_CC they_PPHS2 would_VM be_VBI thrown_VVN into_II a_AT1 whole_JJ new_JJ world_NN1 very_RG soon_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL Quaint_JJ little_JJ white_JJ Indonesian_JJ kids_NN2 ,_, they_PPHS2 would_VM somehow_RR have_VHI to_TO face_VVI up_II21 to_II22 it_PPH1 with_IW us_PPIO2 *-_- parents_NN2 and_CC children_NN2 ,_, misfits_VVZ in_II their_APPGE own_DA society_NN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" Where_RRQ did_VDD all_DB that_DD1 soap_NN1 come_VV0 from_II ?_? **"_" asked_VVD Kay_NP1 ,_, as_II a_AT1 cloud_NN1 of_IO spume_NN1 whipped_VVD its_APPGE way_NN1 across_II the_AT bay_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *"_" Who_PNQS made_VVD those_DD2 waves_NN2 ?_? **"_" she_PPHS1 persisted_VVD ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL A_AT1 lone_JJ surfer_NN1 came_VVD riding_VVG out_II21 of_II22 nowhere_RL ,_, skimming_VVG the_AT tops_NN2 of_IO huge_JJ waves_NN2 at_II the_AT *"_" gap_NN1 **"_" on_II Bondi_NP1 Beach_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" It_PPH1 's_VBZ God_NP1 !_! **"_" whispered_VVD Marion_NP1 awestruck_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Now_RT ,_, the_AT last_MD leg_NN1 from_II Sydney_NP1 to_II Auckland_NP1 ,_, and_CC we_PPIS2 were_VBDR back_RP ,_, not_XX back_RP home_RL ,_, but_CCB back_RP to_II some_DD place_NN1 where_RRQ loving_JJ people_NN were_VBDR crying_VVG ,_, and_CC parents_NN2 looked_VVD older_JJR ,_, wiser_JJR and_CC infinitely_RR more_RGR precious_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" It_PPH1 's_VBZ cold_JJ !_! **"_" the_AT girls_NN2 said_VVD ,_, and_CC Gran_NN1 Magill_NP1 threw_VVD lovingly_RR prepared_JJ ponchos_NN2 over_II all_DB three_MC ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" And_CC it_PPH1 's_VBZ raining_VVG ,_, **"_" they_PPHS2 grizzled_VVD ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" Why_RRQ on_II earth_NN1 did_VDD n't_XX you_PPY teach_VVI the_AT girls_NN2 to_TO speak_VVI English_JJ ?_? **"_" ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" We_PPIS2 ca_VM n't_XX even_RR communicate_VVI with_IW them_PPHO2 ,_, **"_" spluttered_VVD the_AT Grans_NN2 aghast_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" Really_RR and_CC truly_RR ,_, **"_" they_PPHS2 mumbled_VVD in_II a_AT1 huff_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" Why_RRQ does_VDZ Gran_NN1 swing_VV0 her_APPGE arms_NN2 and_CC bottom_NN1 like_II that_DD1 ?_? **"_" questioned_VVD Kay_NP1 and_CC Min_NNU ._. ^ ^_NULL *"_" Is_VBZ she_PPHS1 in_II a_AT1 hurry_NN1 ?_? **"_" ^ |_NULL ^_NULL A_AT1 wonderful_JJ cover-up_NN1 for_IF the_AT initial_JJ faux_NN121 pas_NN122 ,_, tactless_JJ remarks_NN2 and_CC bad_JJ manners_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 were_VBDR not_XX in_II a_ZZ1 hurry_VV0 to_TO encourage_VVI the_AT girls_NN2 to_TO speak_VVI English_JJ ,_, much_RR less_RRR enforce_VV0 it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 would_VM all_RR take_VVI our_APPGE time_NNT1 on_II that_DD1 minor_JJ problem_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" How_RRQ does_VDZ the_AT bath_NN1 work_VVI ?_? **"_" they_PPHS2 chorused_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL *"_" Can_VM we_PPIS2 all_DB get_VVI in_RP now_RT ?_? **"_" ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Next_MD day_NNT1 brought_VVD fresh_JJ revelations_NN2 as_CSA we_PPIS2 walked_VVD along_II the_AT roads_NN2 of_IO Bayswater_NP1 in_II Auckland_NP1 's_GE suburbia_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" There_EX is_VBZ no_PN121 one_PN122 here_RL ,_, the_AT place_NN1 is_VBZ empty_JJ ,_, **"_" they_PPHS2 marvelled_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL *"_" Where_RRQ are_VBR all_DB the_AT children_NN2 ?_? **"_" ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" What_DDQ 's_VBZ all_DB that_DD1 red_JJ stuff_NN1 there_RL behind_II glass_NN1 ?_? **"_" wondered_VVD Kay_NP1 standing_VVG in_II the_AT butcher_NN1 's_VBZ window_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ difficult_JJ for_IF them_PPHO2 not_XX to_TO gape_VVI and_CC stare_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL Tailored_JJ women_NN2 in_II jeans_NN2 and_CC faded_JJ denim_NN1 strode_VVD briskly_RR past_RL ,_, with_IW no_AT time_NNT1 for_IF friendly_JJ nods_NN2 or_CC genial_JJ greeting_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" Are_VBR these_DD2 men_NN2 ?_? **"_" ^ Min_NNU asked_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL *"_" What_DDQ are_VBR they_PPHS2 then_RT ,_, and_CC why_RRQ do_VD0 n't_XX you_PPY know_VVI them_PPHO2 ?_? **"_" ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Then_RT the_AT phone_NN1 started_VVD !_! ^ ^_NULL Invitations_NN2 to_II meetings_NN2 ,_, coffee_NN1 mornings_NNT2 ,_, reporters_NN2 ,_, plus_II knocks_NN2 on_II our_APPGE own_DA front_JJ door_NN1 !_! ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 all_DB piled_VVD up_RP ,_, scary_JJ and_CC exhausting_JJ ;_; the_AT girls_NN2 shivered_VVD and_CC cried_VVD for_IF their_APPGE friends_NN2 and_CC wanted_VVD rice_NN1 three_MC times_NNT2 a_AT1 day_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Then_RT Kay_NP1 bravely_RR went_VVD to_II school_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Appearing_VVG at_RR21 first_RR22 rather_RG dignified_JJ and_CC alone_JJ in_II the_AT midst_NN1 of_IO carefree_JJ uninhibited_JJ Kiwis_NN2 ,_, she_PPHS1 soon_RR made_VVN friends_NN2 ,_, remembered_VVD how_RRQ to_TO speak_VVI English_JJ ,_, and_CC loved_VVD running_JJ and_CC playing_VVG in_II the_AT open_JJ sunny_JJ playground_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL David_NP1 made_VVD himself_PPX1 an_AT1 unbelievable_JJ programme_NN1 *-_- observing_VVG operations_NN2 in_II hospitals_NN2 ,_, collecting_VVG equipment_NN1 ,_, speaking_VVG and_CC travelling_VVG extensively_RR ,_, making_VVG the_AT needs_NN2 of_IO Immanuel_NP1 Hospital_NNL1 known_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL What_DDQ a_AT1 great_JJ time-saver_NN1 the_AT new_JJ harbour_NN1 bridge_NN1 proved_VVD to_TO be_VBI *-_- no_AT long_JJ queues_NN2 and_CC timetables_NN2 as_CSA he_PPHS1 previously_RR remembered_VVN ,_, so_CS he_PPHS1 doubled_VVD up_RP on_II the_AT already_RR too_RG full_JJ programme_NN1 !_! ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Slowly_RR instruments_NN2 and_CC goods_NN2 for_IF our_APPGE poorly_JJ equipped_JJ hospital_NN1 started_VVD to_TO roll_VVI in_RP from_II all_RR over_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL One_MC1 church_NN1 gave_VVD two_MC stainless_JJ steel_NN1 benches_NN2 ;_; another_DD1 made_VVD its_APPGE Christmas_NNT1 tree_NN1 into_II an_AT1 *"_" Indonesian_JJ **"_" tree_NN1 with_IW soap_NN1 ,_, bandages_NN2 and_CC scissors_NN2 replacing_VVG the_AT usual_JJ fluffy_JJ dolls_NN2 and_CC squeakers_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX were_VBDR gift_NN1 monies_NN2 to_TO be_VBI spent_VVN in_II the_AT best_JJT possible_JJ way_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Kerosene_NP1 stoves_NN2 for_IF the_AT hospital_NN1 kitchen_NN1 ,_, tools_NN2 for_IF the_AT workshop_NN1 ;_; an_AT1 intravenous_JJ fluid_NN1 unit_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 Gestetner_NP1 duplicating_VVG machine_NN1 ,_, two_MC Masport_NP1 motor_NN1 mowers_NN2 ,_, a_AT1 welding_JJ machine_NN1 and_CC many_DA2 other_JJ valuable_JJ essentials_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 full-time_JJ job_NN1 as_CSA David_NP1 needed_VVD to_TO know_VVI how_RRQ to_TO work_VVI and_CC maintain_VVI these_DD2 gadgets_NN2 before_II introducing_VVG them_PPHO2 to_II people_NN who_PNQS had_VHD never_RR seen_VVN them_PPHO2 ,_, so_CS he_PPHS1 took_VVD a_AT1 welding_JJ course_NN1 and_CC fiddled_VVD with_IW the_AT growing_JJ stock_NN1 of_IO equipment_NN1 until_CS he_PPHS1 had_VHD mastered_VVN any_DD idiosyncrasies_NN2 that_CST could_VM possibly_RR show_VVI up_RP *"_" out_RP there_RL **"_" ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL From_II the_AT feminine_JJ viewpoint_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 took_VVD patience_NN1 to_TO listen_VVI to_II friends_NN2 talking_VVG at_RR21 length_RR22 about_II the_AT cost_NN1 of_IO living_JJ and_CC stiletto_NN1 heels_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX were_VBDR very_RG few_DA2 who_PNQS were_VBDR genuinely_RR interested_JJ in_II Indonesia_NP1 and_CC the_AT people_NN there_RL ;_; their_APPGE life_NN1 was_VBDZ here_RL and_CC now_RT ,_, and_CC information_NN1 about_II poverty_NN1 and_CC needs_VVZ *"_" over_RL21 there_RL22 **"_" was_VBDZ ,_, in_II their_APPGE minds_NN2 ,_, relative_JJ only_RR to_II that_DD1 situation_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" Do_VD0 n't_XX you_PPY give_VVI me_PPIO1 that_DD1 type_NN1 of_IO gravy_NN1 beef_NN1 for_IF my_APPGE cat_NN1 again_RT ,_, **"_" argued_VVD one_MC1 woman_NN1 in_II the_AT butcher_NN1 's_VBZ shop_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *"_" You_PPY know_VV0 he_PPHS1 will_VM only_RR eat_VVI that_DD1 type_NN1 of_IO porterhouse_NN1 stuff_VV0 you_PPY get_VV0 in_RP on_II Wednesdays_NPD2 ,_, **"_" she_PPHS1 shouted_VVD in_II a_AT1 catty_JJ voice_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ at_II times_NNT2 unbearable_JJ ,_, and_CC produced_JJ waves_NN2 of_IO nausea_NN1 and_CC resentment_NN1 against_II these_DD2 spoilt_VVN ,_, petulant_JJ females_NN2 and_CC their_APPGE spoilt_JJ ,_, fussy_JJ cats_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Did_VDD n't_XX they_PPHS2 know_VVI that_CST two-thirds_MF of_IO the_AT human_JJ world_NN1 had_VHD no_AT money_NN1 even_RR to_TO buy_VVI the_AT cheapest_JJT cuts_NN2 of_IO meat_NN1 ?_? ^ |_NULL ^_NULL But_CCB there_EX were_VBDR wonderful_JJ treats_NN2 to_TO balance_VVI petty_JJ gripes_NN2 against_II an_AT1 insular_JJ society_NN *-_- collecting_VVG milk_NN1 in_II bottles_NN2 from_II the_AT gate_NN1 ,_, reading_VVG a_AT1 morning_NNT1 paper_NN1 in_II English_JJ ,_, nipping_VVG next_MD door_NN1 to_TO see_VVI a_AT1 \_NULL tv_NNU programme_NN1 ,_, turning_VVG on_II hot_JJ water_NN1 and_CC buying_VVG icecream_NN1 ;_; having_VHG a_AT1 trash_NN1 can_NN1 removed_VVD ,_, and_CC watching_VVG the_AT girls_NN2 picking_VVG up_RP shells_NN2 and_CC running_JJ wild_JJ on_II the_AT beach_NN1 ;_; even_RR watching_VVG them_PPHO2 walk_NN1 on_II their_APPGE own_DA along_II a_AT1 clean_JJ footpath_NN1 by_II a_AT1 clean_JJ ,_, empty_JJ street_NN1 *-_- their_APPGE reaction_NN1 to_II seeing_VVG the_AT Queen_NNB of_IO England_NP1 drive_VV0 by_RP in_II an_AT1 open_JJ car_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL These_DD2 were_VBDR worthwhile_JJ highlights_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Speaking_VVG at_II meetings_NN2 demanded_VVD another_DD1 skill_NN1 *-_- communication_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ called_VVN *"_" getting_VVG the_AT message_NN1 across_RL **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL Sometimes_RT we_PPIS2 showed_VVD slides_NN2 ,_, or_CC had_VHD a_AT1 question_NN1 and_CC answer_NN1 time_NNT1 ,_, and_CC sometimes_RT we_PPIS2 found_VVD one_MC1 or_CC even_RR two_MC really_RR interested_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL At_II travel_NN1 clubs_NN2 and_CC international_JJ groups_NN2 ,_, the_AT sophisticated_JJ connoisseurs_NN2 listened_VVD with_IW apparent_JJ interest_NN1 as_CSA I_PPIS1 tried_VVD to_TO convey_VVI the_AT needs_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 Third_MD World_NN1 country_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" How_RGQ much_DA1 would_VM it_PPH1 cost_VVI to_TO buy_VVI a_AT1 carved_JJ teak_NN1 table_NN1 ?_? **"_" madam_NN1 asked_VVN at_II question_NN1 time_NNT1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" Could_VM n't_XX I_PPIS1 get_VVI some_DD of_IO that_DD1 luscious_JJ fruit_NN flown_VVN over_RL21 here_RL22 ?_? **"_" whined_VVD another_DD1 overdressed_JJ matron_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *"_" And_CC those_DD2 flowers_NN2 *-_- just_RR gorgeous_JJ !_! **"_" ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Equipment_NN1 was_VBDZ not_XX everything_PN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 needed_VVD personnel_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Amongst_II the_AT medical_JJ students_NN2 in_II Dunedin_NP1 a_AT1 prayer_NN1 group_NN was_VBDZ already_RR meeting_VVG with_IW South_NP East_NP Asia_NP1 on_II its_APPGE heart_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Perhaps_RR some_DD of_IO these_DD2 dedicated_JJ men_NN2 would_VM eventually_RR come_VVI to_II Indonesia_NP1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL At_RR21 least_RR22 they_PPHS2 now_RT knew_VVD the_AT need_NN1 and_CC could_VM come_VVI and_CC see_VVI for_IF themselves_PPX2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT invitation_NN1 was_VBDZ there_RL ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II Gore_NP1 ,_, at_II a_AT1 Bible_NN1 Class_NN1 conference_NN1 ,_, young_JJ people_NN saw_VVD their_APPGE favoured_JJ lives_NN2 in_II31 comparison_II32 with_II33 those_DD2 of_IO Indonesia_NP1 ,_, and_CC were_VBDR prepared_VVN to_TO go_VVI as_CSA holiday_NN1 workers_NN2 without_IW pay_NN1 and_CC work_NN1 in_II the_AT hospital_NN1 as_CSA carpenters_NN2 ,_, electricians_NN2 ,_, painters_NN2 ,_, engineers_NN2 ,_, \_NULL etc._RA ,_, and_CC pay_VV0 their_APPGE own_DA fares_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Would_VM they_PPHS2 really_RR come_VVI ?_? ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Changing_VVG into_II operating_VVG theatre_NN1 garb_NN1 at_II Greenlane_NP1 Hospital_NNL1 ,_, Auckland_NP1 ,_, the_AT subject_NN1 of_IO sabbatical_NN1 leave_NN1 came_VVD up_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL *"_" You_PPY blokes_NN2 only_RR visit_VV0 developed_JJ countries_NN2 ,_, missing_VVG out_RP two-thirds_MF of_IO the_AT world_NN1 population_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL You_PPY will_VM see_VVI more_RGR gross_JJ pathology_NN1 in_II 10_MC days_NNT2 with_IW me_PPIO1 than_CSN in_II the_AT clinics_NN2 of_IO Europe_NP1 and_CC America_NP1 ,_, **"_" said_VVD David_NP1 to_II \_NULL Mr_NNB Sealy_NP1 Wood_NP1 *-_- a_AT1 well-known_JJ surgeon_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Silence_NN1 from_II \_NULL Mr_NNB Wood_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Next_MD day_NNT1 the_AT phone_NN1 went_VVD ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" Gray_NP1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL Wood_NP1 !_! ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 'll_VM take_VVI you_PPY up_RP on_II that_DD1 offer_NN1 ._. **"_" ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" Do_VD0 you_PPY mean_VVI that_DD1 ?_? **"_" ^ David_NP1 asked_VVD incredulously_RR ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" See_VV0 you_PPY there_RL !_! **"_" replied_VVD Sealy_NP Wood_NNL1 and_CC he_PPHS1 put_VVD the_AT phone_NN1 down_RP ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Would_VM this_DD1 busy_VVI Auckland_NP1 surgeon_NN1 keep_VV0 his_APPGE promise_NN1 ?_? ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Another_DD1 phone_NN1 call_NN1 brought_VVD an_AT1 invitation_NN1 to_II Howick_NP1 ,_, from_II \_NULL Dr_NNB Michael_NP1 Cooper_NP1 who_PNQS had_VHD considerable_JJ experience_NN1 in_II plastic_NN1 surgery_NN1 during_II David_NP1 's_GE houseman_NN1 days_NNT2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Friendly_JJ and_CC helpful_JJ as_CSA ever_RR ,_, he_PPHS1 promised_VVD a_AT1 special_JJ knife_NN1 for_IF skin_NN1 grafts_NN2 ,_, the_AT only_JJ equipment_NN1 available_JJ in_II Indonesia_NP1 being_VBG a_AT1 long_JJ narrow_JJ carving_NN1 knife_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Michael_NP1 was_VBDZ always_RR as_RR31 good_RR32 as_RR33 his_APPGE word_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX were_VBDR physiotherapists_NN2 ,_, biochemists_NN2 ,_, pharmacists_NN2 ,_, dentists_NN2 and_CC an_AT1 instrument_NN1 maker_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 came_VVD and_CC they_PPHS2 chatted_VVD ,_, and_CC they_PPHS2 were_VBDR interested_VVN *-_- would_VM they_PPHS2 dare_VVI to_TO come_VVI over_RP ?_? ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Happy_JJ ,_, summer_NNT1 days_NNT2 on_II the_AT beach_NN1 ,_, and_CC short_JJ sails_NN2 round_II the_AT gulf_NN1 were_VBDR interspersed_VVN with_IW shopping_NN1 and_CC packing_VVG equipment_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Forty-four_MC gallon_NNU1 drums_NN2 needed_VVD to_TO have_VHI their_APPGE tar_NN1 burnt_VVN out_RP and_CC then_RT to_TO be_VBI lined_VVN with_IW black_JJ plastic_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Drugs_NN2 ,_, tools_NN2 and_CC instruments_NN2 had_VHD to_TO be_VBI sorted_VVN and_CC the_AT endless_JJ needles_NN2 and_CC catheters_NN2 packed_VVD most_RGT carefully_RR in_II cloth_NN1 for_IF protection_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Most_DAT nights_NNT2 during_II February_NPM1 saw_VVD a_AT1 band_NN1 of_IO Bible_NN1 Class_NN1 volunteers_NN2 taking_VVG turns_NN2 in_II a_AT1 time-consuming_JJ task_NN1 *-_- listing_VVG and_CC packing_NN1 ,_, whilst_CS in_II the_AT background_NN1 a_AT1 tireless_JJ Gran_NN1 Magill_NP1 picked_VVD up_RP the_AT slack_NN1 *-_- and_CC there_EX was_VBDZ miles_NNU2 of_IO it_PPH1 !_! ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ hard_JJ to_TO leave_VVI our_APPGE families_NN2 again_RT ,_, loving_VVG and_CC supportive_JJ always_RR ,_, and_CC friends_NN2 old_JJ and_CC new_JJ ,_, but_CCB it_PPH1 was_VBDZ time_NNT1 to_TO go_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL Suddenly_RR we_PPIS2 were_VBDR back_RP on_II the_AT plane_NN1 again_RT ,_, shut_VVD off_RP from_II one_MC1 world_NN1 and_CC heading_VVG for_IF another_DD1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 had_VHD no_AT regrets_NN2 for_IF ourselves_PPX2 ,_, only_RR a_AT1 deep_JJ sadness_NN1 for_IF the_AT now_RT bonny_JJ little_JJ girls_NN2 we_PPIS2 were_VBDR taking_VVG back_RP with_IW us_PPIO2 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 221+TEXT+G34_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ charged_VVN with_IW keeping_VVG a_AT1 house_NN1 of_IO ill-repute_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL That_REX21 is_REX22 ,_, a_AT1 brothel_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 had_VHD been_VBN under_II the_AT impression_NN1 that_CST a_AT1 house_NN1 needed_VVD to_TO have_VHI at_RR21 least_RR22 two_MC active_JJ ladies_NN2 of_IO the_AT street_NN1 to_TO be_VBI termed_VVN a_AT1 brothel_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 seems_VVZ that_CST I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ quite_RG wrong_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC at_II that_DD1 time_NNT1 I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ not_XX even_RR on_II the_AT take_NN1 myself_PPX1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Lesarita_NP1 ,_, whose_DDQGE real_JJ name_NN1 was_VBDZ Lesley_NP1 Snow_NP1 ,_, had_VHD arrived_VVN from_II Napier_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 had_VHD asked_VVN me_PPIO1 if_CS I_PPIS1 could_VM accommodate_VVI her_PPHO1 for_IF a_AT1 short_JJ time_NNT1 ;_; I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 soft_JJ touch_NN1 and_CC agreed_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL Lesarita_NP1 was_VBDZ soon_RR working_VVG the_AT streets_NN2 and_CC it_PPH1 was_VBDZ not_XX long_JJ before_CS she_PPHS1 was_VBDZ picked_VVN up_RP by_II the_AT vice_JJ people_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 told_VVD the_AT police_NN2 ,_, quite_RG rightly_RR ,_, where_CS she_PPHS1 was_VBDZ living_VVG ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 reckon_VV0 that_CST the_AT police_NN2 had_VHD been_VBN looking_VVG for_IF an_AT1 excuse_NN1 to_TO nail_VVI me_PPIO1 ,_, as_CSA I_PPIS1 had_VHD attracted_VVN quite_RR a_AT1 bit_NN1 of_IO notoriety_NN1 in_II certain_JJ circles_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Lesarita_NP1 and_CC I_PPIS1 actually_RR slept_VVD in_II the_AT same_DA bed_NN1 ,_, but_CCB just_RR as_CSA friends_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL My_APPGE days_NNT2 with_IW real_JJ girls_NN2 were_VBDR long_RR gone_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Lesarita_NP1 's_GE arrest_NN1 gave_VVD the_AT authorities_NN2 an_AT1 opportunity_NN1 they_PPHS2 perhaps_RR needed_VVN to_TO pick_VVI me_PPIO1 up_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX might_VM have_VHI been_VBN the_AT hope_NN1 in_II some_DD police_NN2 and_CC welfare_NN1 circles_VVZ that_CST a_AT1 short_JJ sharp_JJ sentence_NN1 might_VM change_VVI my_APPGE lifestyle_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC then_RT ,_, on_II the_AT other_JJ hand_NN1 ,_, the_AT more_RGR puritanical_JJ elements_NN2 of_IO Wellington_NP1 's_GE society_NN might_VM have_VHI been_VBN out_RP to_TO make_VVI an_AT1 example_NN1 of_IO me_PPIO1 to_II the_AT extent_NN1 of_IO punishing_VVG me_PPIO1 for_IF my_APPGE unacceptable_JJ and_CC already_RR rather_RG public_JJ nonconformist_NN1 behaviour_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT next_MD day_NNT1 I_PPIS1 appeared_VVD before_II the_AT magistrate_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 pleaded_VVD guilty_JJ and_CC was_VBDZ immediately_RR convicted_VVN and_CC sentenced_VVN to_II three_MC months_NNT2 '_GE imprisonment_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ driven_VVN straight_RR to_II Mount_NNL1 Crawford_NP Prison_NN1 in_II a_AT1 closed_JJ paddy_NN1 wagon_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Thank_VV0 goodness_NN1 I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ not_XX alone_JJ in_II the_AT back_NN1 of_IO that_DD1 vehicle_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Other_JJ fellows_NN2 who_PNQS had_VHD been_VBN sentenced_VVN that_DD1 day_NNT1 were_VBDR with_IW me_PPIO1 for_IF the_AT drive_NN1 to_II Mount_NNL1 Crawford_NP ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Everything_PN1 happened_VVD so_RG quickly_RR ,_, so_RG fast_RR in_II fact_NN1 that_CST I_PPIS1 think_VV0 that_CST some_DD of_IO my_APPGE rights_NN2 as_II an_AT1 arrested_JJ person_NN1 might_VM well_RR have_VHI been_VBN denied_VVN me_PPIO1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ frightened_JJ and_CC bewildered_JJ but_CCB certainly_RR not_XX ill-treated_JJ in_II the_AT slightest_JJT way_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT kindly_JJ chief_JJ dietician_NN1 heard_VVN of_IO my_APPGE rapid_JJ despatch_NN1 to_II the_AT high_JJ walls_NN2 of_IO Mount_NNL1 Crawford_NP and_CC went_VVD to_II the_AT trouble_NN1 of_IO arranging_VVG legal_JJ counsel_NN1 for_IF me_PPIO1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Through_II the_AT good_JJ offices_NN2 of_IO Miss_NNB Shearer_NP1 and_CC Roy_NP1 Stacey_NP1 ,_, my_APPGE lawyer_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ able_JK to_TO lodge_VVI an_AT1 appeal_NN1 against_II my_APPGE three-month_JJ sentence_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 met_VVD with_IW \_NULL Mr_NNB Stacey_NP1 in_II the_AT prison_NN1 chaplain_NN1 's_VBZ office_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ such_DA a_AT1 comfort_NN1 to_II me_PPIO1 ;_; he_PPHS1 really_RR put_VVD me_PPIO1 at_II my_APPGE ease_NN1 and_CC explained_VVD everything_PN1 so_RG patiently_RR to_II me_PPIO1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 felt_VVD a_RR21 lot_RR22 better_RRR inside_II myself_PPX1 after_II my_APPGE session_NNT1 with_IW \_NULL Mr_NNB Stacey_NP1 and_CC I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ fully_RR expecting_VVG my_APPGE sentence_NN1 to_TO be_VBI reduced_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT judge_NN1 would_VM have_VHI none_PN of_IO it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL My_APPGE sentence_NN1 was_VBDZ doubled_VVN to_II six_MC months_NNT2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_RL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ ,_, caught_VVN in_II what_DDQ turned_VVD out_RP to_TO be_VBI an_AT1 educational_JJ situation_NN1 that_CST I_PPIS1 had_VHD never_RR bargained_VVN for_IF ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB out_II21 of_II22 it_PPH1 all_DB I_PPIS1 learned_VVD a_PN21 lot_PN22 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Mount_NNL1 Crawford_NP stands_VVZ high_JJ on_II the_AT steep_JJ ridge_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 peninsula_NN1 forming_VVG the_AT western_JJ entrance_NN1 to_II Port_NNL1 Nicholson_NP ,_, the_AT Pakeha_NP1 name_NN1 for_IF the_AT port_NN1 of_IO Wellington_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II pre-Pakeha_JJ times_NNT2 the_AT peninsula_NN1 had_VHD a_AT1 huge_JJ fortified_JJ pa_NN1 that_CST was_VBDZ more_RR21 than_RR22 once_RR brought_VVN under_II attack_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 could_VM imagine_VVI this_DD1 site_NN1 in_II Europe_NP1 being_VBG crowned_VVN by_II a_AT1 forbidding_JJ stone_NN1 castle_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ one_MC1 road_NN1 connecting_VVG the_AT prison_NN1 with_IW the_AT suburbs_NN2 of_IO Wellington_NP1 that_CST ran_VVD south_ND1 from_II the_AT gaol_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX were_VBDR usually_RR rough_JJ seas_NN2 pounding_VVG all_DB the_AT shores_NN2 of_IO the_AT long_JJ ridge_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT steep_JJ hillsides_NN2 were_VBDR grassy_JJ and_CC there_EX was_VBDZ virtually_RR no_AT natural_JJ cover_NN1 for_IF any_DD would-be_JJ ,_, day-time_NNT1 ,_, escapee_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL So_RR Mount_NNL1 Crawford_NP ,_, although_CS geographically_RR close_RR to_II all_DB the_AT amenities_NN2 of_IO the_AT city_NN1 ,_, was_VBDZ conveniently_RR isolated_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL On_II arriving_VVG at_II the_AT prison_NN1 I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ in_II a_AT1 state_NN1 of_IO mild_JJ shock_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 had_VHD heard_VVN terrible_JJ stories_NN2 of_IO rapes_NN2 taking_VVG place_NN1 in_II prisons_NN2 in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL With_IW my_APPGE history_NN1 and_CC lifestyle_NN1 ,_, my_APPGE fear_NN1 of_IO being_VBG sexually_RR assaulted_VVN was_VBDZ real_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Added_VVN to_II that_DD1 I_PPIS1 felt_VVD that_CST I_PPIS1 had_VHD really_RR let_VVN my_APPGE family_NN down_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL Perhaps_RR they_PPHS2 felt_VVD that_DD1 way_NN1 too_RR ,_, because_CS not_XX one_MC1 of_IO them_PPHO2 visited_VVD me_PPIO1 all_DB the_AT months_NNT2 I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ in_II Mount_NNL1 Crawford_NP ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II fact_NN1 no_PN121 one_PN122 visited_VVD me_PPIO1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB I_PPIS1 never_RR felt_VVD alone_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ good_JJ companionship_NN1 to_TO be_VBI found_VVN among_II the_AT inmates_NN2 ,_, some_DD of_IO which_DDQ took_VVD several_DA2 years_NNT2 to_TO reveal_VVI its_APPGE true_JJ worth_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL When_CS I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ released_VVN and_CC had_VHD gone_VVN home_RL to_TO visit_VVI my_APPGE family_NN they_PPHS2 said_VVD to_II me_PPIO1 that_CST in_II31 spite_II32 of_II33 all_DB that_CST had_VHD happened_VVN they_PPHS2 still_RR loved_VVD me_PPIO1 ._. ^ ^_NULL That_DD1 was_VBDZ all_DB I_PPIS1 needed_VVD to_TO know_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL Lesarita_NP1 ,_, on_II the_AT other_JJ hand_NN1 ,_, never_RR bothered_VVD to_TO contact_VVI me_PPIO1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Never_RR a_AT1 word_NN1 of_IO ^_NULL *'_" Sorry_JJ **'_" or_CC ^_NULL *'_" Can_VM I_PPIS1 help_VVI you_PPY ?_? ^ **'_" |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT shock_NN1 of_IO being_VBG a_AT1 convicted_JJ person_NN1 soon_RR wore_VVD off_RP and_CC I_PPIS1 found_VVD that_CST any_DD fears_NN2 I_PPIS1 might_VM have_VHI harboured_VVN were_VBDR all_RR21 but_RR22 groundless_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Everyone_PN1 was_VBDZ so_RG nice_JJ to_II me_PPIO1 *-_- the_AT warders_NN2 ,_, the_AT social_JJ workers_NN2 and_CC my_APPGE fellow_JJ prisoners_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ like_II my_APPGE army_NNJ days_NNT2 all_RR over_II again_RT ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 resolved_VVD to_TO see_VVI my_APPGE time_NNT1 through_RP in_II the_AT best_JJT way_NN1 I_PPIS1 could_VM and_CC the_AT situation_NN1 never_RR got_VVD the_AT better_JJR of_IO me_PPIO1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Still_RR there_EX were_VBDR the_AT little_JJ shocks_NN2 and_CC embarrassments_NN2 that_CST come_VV0 about_RP when_CS you_PPY first_MD arrive_VV0 in_II prison_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 had_VHD to_TO strip_VVI naked_JJ and_CC felt_VVD that_CST everyone_PN1 in_II the_AT room_NN1 was_VBDZ having_VHG a_AT1 really_RR good_JJ look_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 then_RT had_VHD to_TO dress_VVI in_II my_APPGE new_JJ Hotel_NNL1 Mount_NN1 Crawford_NP1 uniform_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 checked_JJ ,_, mauve_JJ ,_, short-sleeved_JJ shirt_NN1 ,_, greyish_JJ trousers_NN2 and_CC a_AT1 grey_JJ jacket_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ also_RR given_JJ shoes_NN2 ,_, socks_NN2 and_CC underwear_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Naturally_NP1 ,_, we_PPIS2 who_PNQS were_VBDR girls_NN2 had_VHD to_TO go_VVI one_PN1 better_JJR ;_; we_PPIS2 could_VM n't_XX go_VVI without_IW our_APPGE make-up_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL To_TO effect_VVI the_AT latest_JJT Dior_NP1 or_CC Hartnell_NP1 fashion_NN1 we_PPIS2 would_VM dampen_VVI half-a-dozen_MC partly_RR burnt_VVN matches_VVZ to_TO make_VVI a_AT1 mascara_NN1 and_CC eye-liner_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL To_TO further_RRR attract_VVI the_AT men_NN2 we_PPIS2 wet_VV0 red_JJ cre_NN1 *?_NULL 5pe_FO paper_NN1 which_DDQ became_VVD our_APPGE lipstick_NN1 and_CC rouge_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL When_CS a_AT1 new_JJ queen_NN1 arrived_VVN in_II prison_NN1 there_EX was_VBDZ always_RR jealousy_NN1 and_CC resentment_NN1 from_II the_AT ruling_JJ ladies_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 had_VHD no_AT worries_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL My_APPGE beauty_NN1 was_VBDZ such_CS21 that_CS22 no_AT queen_NN1 felt_VVD strong_JJ enough_RR to_TO harm_VVI me_PPIO1 or_CC put_VVD me_PPIO1 down_RP in_II any_DD way_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 immediately_RR acquired_JJ protectors_NN2 who_PNQS were_VBDR prepared_VVN to_TO provide_VVI swift_JJ revenge_NN1 for_IF any_DD harm_NN1 that_CST might_VM be_VBI done_VDN to_II me_PPIO1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT warders_NN2 ,_, the_AT screws_NN2 ,_, were_VBDR all_DB straight_JJ guys_NN2 as_CS31 far_CS32 as_CS33 I_PPIS1 could_VM make_VVI them_PPHO2 out_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL Some_DD were_VBDR terrific_JJ ,_, while_CS others_NN2 were_VBDR really_RR dull_JJ and_CC square_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Most_DAT of_IO them_PPHO2 seemed_VVD very_RG young_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Some_DD dressed_VVN in_II a_AT1 fashion_NN1 close_RR to_II the_AT style_NN1 of_IO Hitler_NP1 's_GE Gestapo_NP1 and_CC I_PPIS1 rather_RR loved_VVN that_DD1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 've_VH0 never_RR minded_VVN a_AT1 bit_NN1 of_IO rough_JJ trade_NN1 or_CC roughing_VVG it_PPH1 like_II *'_" Rocky_NP1 **'_" and_CC *'_" Rambo_NP1 **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 like_VV0 a_AT1 bit_NN1 of_IO the_AT old_JJ Bondage_NP1 and_CC Discipline_NN1 now_RT and_CC again_RT ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 did_VDD really_RR fancy_VVI a_DD221 few_DD222 of_IO the_AT younger_JJR prison_NN1 officers_NN2 but_CCB as_CSA luck_NN1 or_CC lack_NN1 of_IO luck_NN1 would_VM have_VHI it_PPH1 none_PN of_IO them_PPHO2 ever_RR made_VVN any_DD overtures_NN2 to_II me_PPIO1 ,_, and_CC since_CS the_AT days_NNT2 of_IO that_DD1 bleak_JJ 1961_MC winter_NNT1 I_PPIS1 have_VH0 never_RR set_VVN eyes_NN2 on_II any_DD of_IO those_DD2 screws_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL One_MC1 or_CC two_MC of_IO them_PPHO2 did_VDD use_VVI to_TO whistle_VVI after_II me_PPIO1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB then_RT I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ much_RR prettier_JJR than_CSN the_AT other_JJ two_MC plain_JJ Janes_NP1 who_PNQS shared_VVD time_NNT1 with_IW me_PPIO1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Minnie_NP1 and_CC Skinny_JJ I_PPIS1 called_VVD them_PPHO2 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 were_VBDR like_II Cinderella_NP1 and_CC the_AT two_MC ugly_JJ sisters_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT *'_" arena_NN1 **'_" or_CC exercise-yard_NN1 was_VBDZ at_RR21 first_RR22 a_AT1 frightening_JJ place_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 stood_VVD against_II the_AT base_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 wall_NN1 below_II one_MC1 of_IO the_AT armed_JJ officers_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ rather_RG scared_JJ knowing_VVG that_CST hundreds_NNO2 of_IO eyes_NN2 were_VBDR staring_VVG at_II me_PPIO1 ,_, the_AT newcomer_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 knew_VVD that_CST there_EX were_VBDR among_II the_AT prisoners_NN2 many_DA2 sex-offenders_NN2 ,_, murderers_NN2 ,_, stranglers_NN2 ,_, assault_NN1 artists_NN2 ,_, embezzlers_NN2 and_CC other_JJ criminal_JJ types_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ n't_XX long_JJ before_II people_NN started_VVD to_TO come_VVI up_II21 to_II22 me_PPIO1 and_CC asked_VVD ,_, ^_NULL *'_" What_DDQ are_VBR you_PPY in_RP for_IF ,_, Queen_NN1 ?_? ^ **'_" or_CC *'_" Queenie_NP1 ?_? ^ **'_" ^_NULL When_CS I_PPIS1 told_VVD them_PPHO2 I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ supposed_JJ to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 brothel-keeper_NN1 they_PPHS2 would_VM just_RR crack_VVI up_RP and_CC double_NN1 over_II laughing_VVG ._. ^ ^_NULL *'_" You_PPY !_! ^ **'_" one_PN1 said_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL *'_" I_PPIS1 did_VDD n't_XX think_VVI that_CST you_PPY would_VM know_VVI what_DDQ to_TO do_VDI with_IW a_AT1 woman_NN1 !_! ^ **'_" ^_NULL He_PPHS1 laughed_VVD again_RT and_CC moved_VVD on_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB those_DD2 who_PNQS laughed_VVD at_II me_PPIO1 in_II the_AT arena_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 never_RR gave_VVD them_PPHO2 anything_PN1 ,_, all_DB the_AT time_NNT1 I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ in_II Mount_NNL1 Crawford_NP ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL That_DD1 arena_NN1 resembled_VVD a_AT1 scene_NN1 from_II *1_NULL One_PN1 Flew_VVD Over_II The_AT Cuckoo_NP1 's_GE Nest_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL Some_DD men_NN2 walked_VVD around_RP and_CC talked_VVN ;_; others_NN2 walked_VVD alone_JJ and_CC in_II silence_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Around_RP and_CC around_RP they_PPHS2 went_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 were_VBDR like_II sex-starved_JJ lions_NN2 in_II a_AT1 devil_NN1 's_VBZ playground_NN1 pounding_VVG the_AT hard_JJ earth_NN1 of_IO that_DD1 unpaved_JJ yard_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX were_VBDR long_JJ chairs_NN2 if_CS you_PPY wanted_VVD to_TO sit_VVI ,_, and_CC toilets_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 never_RR used_VVD the_AT arena_NN1 toilets_NN2 *-_- it_PPH1 was_VBDZ not_XX safe_JJ for_IF a_AT1 lady_NN1 to_TO go_VVI in_II there_RL ._. ^ ^_NULL Two_MC hundred_NNO lusters_NN2 would_VM have_VHI been_VBN a_DD221 few_DD222 too_RG many_DA2 to_TO cope_VVI with_IW ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB we_PPIS2 were_VBDR locked_VVN in_II that_DD1 area_NN1 for_IF hours_NNT2 at_II a_AT1 time_NNT1 each_DD1 day_NNT1 when_RRQ I_MC1 first_MD went_VVD to_II the_AT Mount_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL For_IF the_AT first_MD two_MC weeks_NNT2 I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ confined_VVN to_II my_APPGE cell_NN1 from_II 5_MC {_NULL pm_RA }_NULL to_II 9_MC {_NULL pm_RA }_NULL ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX were_VBDR two_MC guys_NN2 who_PNQS were_VBDR in_II31 charge_II32 of_II33 the_AT area_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL One_PN1 used_VMK to_TO come_VVI to_II my_APPGE cell_NN1 door_NN1 and_CC say_VVI ,_, ^_NULL *'_" Come_VV0 on_RP Trevor_NP1 ,_, here_RL 's_VBZ your_APPGE supper_NN1 coming_VVG through_RP ._. ^ **'_" ^_NULL And_CC I_PPIS1 would_VM look_VVI to_TO see_VVI a_AT1 great_JJ big_JJ penis_NN1 winking_VVG at_II me_PPIO1 from_II the_AT hole_NN1 in_II the_AT door_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 called_VVD it_PPH1 my_APPGE Mount_NNL1 Crawford_NP Cocktail_NN1 Delight_NN1 or_CC a_AT1 late_JJ supper_NN1 ,_, if_CS you_PPY will_VM ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB then_RT someone_PN1 said_VVD to_II me_PPIO1 once_RR that_DD1 keeping_VVG your_APPGE mouth_NN1 closed_VVD was_VBDZ a_AT1 good_JJ way_NN1 to_TO diet_VVI ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL You_PPY learned_VVD quickly_RR that_CST you_PPY never_RR potted_VVD or_CC pigged_VVD on_II other_JJ inmates_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL If_CS you_PPY saw_VVD anything_PN1 that_CST was_VBDZ wrong_JJ ,_, you_PPY played_VVD dumb_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ always_RR the_AT threat_NN1 that_CST if_CS you_PPY potted_VVD ,_, you_PPY could_VM ,_, after_CS your_APPGE release_NN1 ,_, be_VBI fitted_VVN with_IW concrete_JJ shoes_NN2 and_CC sent_VVN off_RP for_IF a_AT1 swim_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Mum_NN1 was_VBDZ the_AT word_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT chaplain_NN1 was_VBDZ kind_NN1 to_II me_PPIO1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ never_RR heavy_JJ on_II trying_VVG to_TO get_VVI me_PPIO1 to_TO change_VVI my_APPGE ways_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 had_VHD several_DA2 private_JJ sessions_NNT2 talking_VVG with_IW him_PPHO1 and_CC there_EX were_VBDR the_AT compulsory_JJ church_NN1 services_NN2 every_AT1 Sunday_NPD1 ._. ^ ^_NULL His_APPGE office_NN1 was_VBDZ near_II the_AT main_JJ building_NN1 where_RRQ all_DB the_AT new_JJ arrivals_NN2 were_VBDR marched_VVN in_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ plain_JJ and_CC simple_JJ ,_, just_RR a_AT1 table_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 couple_NN1 of_IO chairs_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX were_VBDR a_DD221 few_DD222 posters_NN2 and_CC notices_VVZ on_II the_AT wall_NN1 and_CC notes_NN2 on_II clips_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT floor_NN1 was_VBDZ varnished_VVN and_CC there_EX was_VBDZ ,_, as_CSA you_PPY might_VM expect_VVI ,_, a_AT1 Bible_NN1 on_II the_AT table_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II contrast_NN1 the_AT kitchen_NN1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 huge_JJ place_NN1 that_CST seemed_VVD crowded_VVN with_IW cooking_VVG stoves_NN2 ,_, large_JJ pots_NN2 and_CC pans_NN2 and_CC trolleys_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX were_VBDR three_MC cooks_NN2 assigned_VVN to_II the_AT kitchen_NN1 and_CC there_EX was_VBDZ another_DD1 man_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 limp_JJ and_CC hawk-like_JJ ,_, beady_JJ ,_, shifty_JJ eyes_NN2 ,_, next_MD door_NN1 in_II the_AT bakery_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT baker_NN1 always_RR had_VHN his_APPGE windows_NN2 up_RP so_CS21 that_CS22 he_PPHS1 did_VDD n't_XX miss_VVI a_AT1 trick_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ rolling_VVG out_RP pastry_NN1 as_CSA I_PPIS1 passed_VVD his_APPGE window_NN1 one_MC1 day_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 called_VVD me_PPIO1 over_RP and_CC handed_VVD me_PPIO1 three_MC hot_JJ scones_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 gulped_VVD them_PPHO2 down_RP greedily_RR without_IW any_DD effort_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ always_RR cautious_JJ and_CC on_II the_AT alert_JJ as_CSA I_PPIS1 did_VDD not_XX want_VVI to_TO get_VVI caught_VVN out_RP on_II any_DD infringement_NN1 of_IO prison_NN1 regulations_NN2 ;_; I_PPIS1 did_VDD not_XX want_VVI any_DD extension_NN1 to_II the_AT time_NNT1 I_PPIS1 had_VHD to_TO serve_VVI ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL But_CCB that_DD1 baker_NN1 ,_, he_PPHS1 seemed_VVD to_TO undress_VVI me_PPIO1 with_IW his_APPGE eyes_NN2 as_CSA I_PPIS1 passed_VVD by_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 felt_VVD that_CST some_DD time_NNT1 I_PPIS1 would_VM have_VHI to_TO repay_VVI his_APPGE kindnesses_NN2 with_IW a_AT1 favour_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL When_CS I_PPIS1 went_VVD to_II the_AT showers_NN2 he_PPHS1 would_VM call_VVI in_RP to_TO have_VHI a_AT1 chatter_NN1 ,_, though_CS it_PPH1 seemed_VVD to_II me_PPIO1 it_PPH1 was_VBDZ an_AT1 eyeful_NN1 of_IO chatter_NN1 that_CST he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ interested_JJ in_II ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 would_VM say_VVI to_II him_PPHO1 ,_, ^_NULL *'_" Do_VD0 n't_XX burn_VVI the_AT scones_NN2 now_RT !_! ^ **'_" |_NULL ^_NULL Sometimes_RT he_PPHS1 would_VM reply_VVI ,_, ^_NULL *'_" You_PPY 'll_VM get_VVI more_DAR than_CSN burnt_JJ scones_NN2 sweetie_NN1 !_! ^ **'_" ^_NULL He_PPHS1 had_VHD wicked_JJ eyes_NN2 that_DD1 one_PN1 ,_, but_CCB you_PPY could_VM read_VVI him_PPHO1 like_II a_AT1 book_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 cunning_JJ old_JJ fox_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 would_VM reply_VVI ,_, ^_NULL *'_" I_PPIS1 'll_VM burn_VVI them_PPHO2 for_IF you_PPY any_DD day_NNT1 ,_, sweetheart_NN1 ._. ^ **'_" ^_NULL So_RR I_PPIS1 well_RR knew_VVD how_RRQ things_NN2 were_VBDR between_II us_PPIO2 and_CC what_DDQ he_PPHS1 wanted_VVD ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ certainly_RR no_AT oil_NN1 painting_NN1 but_CCB there_EX was_VBDZ a_AT1 nice_JJ person_NN1 behind_II that_DD1 tricky_JJ smile_NN1 of_IO his_PPGE ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ forthright_JJ too_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC that_DD1 's_VBZ what_DDQ I_PPIS1 liked_VVD about_II him_PPHO1 ._. ^ ^_NULL One_MC1 day_NNT1 he_PPHS1 said_VVD ,_, ^_NULL *'_" Trevor_NP1 ,_, you_PPY know_VV0 I_ZZ1 did_VDD n't_XX give_VVI you_PPY those_DD2 scones_NN2 for_IF nothing_PN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 'm_VBM still_RR waiting_VVG !_! ^ **'_" |_NULL ^_NULL *'_" But_CCB I_PPIS1 'm_VBM a_AT1 virgin_NN1 ,_, **'_" I_PPIS1 lied_VVD ,_, with_IW such_DA an_AT1 innocent_JJ smile_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL He_PPHS1 cackled_VVD away_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL *'_" Virgin_NN1 !_! ^ ^_NULL Where_RRQ ?_? ^ ^_NULL On_II the_AT ridiculous_JJ or_CC in_II the_AT right_JJ ear_NN1 ?_? ^ **'_" *#_NULL **[_NULL 222+TEXT+G35_FO **]_NULL ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT dream_NN1 of_IO saying_VVG Mass_NP1 and_CC *'_" saving_VVG souls_NN2 **'_" kept_VVD us_PPIO2 going_VVG ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT paradox_NN1 was_VBDZ that_CST the_AT longer_RRR we_PPIS2 were_VBDR inured_VVN ,_, the_AT greater_JJR became_VVD our_APPGE zeal_NN1 and_CC the_AT certainty_NN1 that_CST people_NN *'_" out_RP there_RL **'_" needed_VVD us_PPIO2 ._. ^ ^_NULL As_CSA ordination_NN1 approached_VVD ,_, my_APPGE advisors_NN2 became_VVD less_RGR sure_JJ that_CST I_PPIS1 had_VHD the_AT qualities_NN2 to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 missionary_JJ ,_, and_CC teaching_NN1 came_VVD to_TO seem_VVI more_RGR attractive_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Two_MC of_IO my_APPGE fellow_JJ ordinands_NN2 ,_, Frank_NP1 Kennedy_NP1 and_CC Cyril_NP1 Butler_NP1 ,_, went_VVD to_II the_AT Pacific_NP Islands_NNL2 ,_, Jim_NP1 Beban_NP1 to_II a_AT1 parish_NN1 ,_, and_CC Denis_NP1 Scully_NP1 and_CC I_ZZ1 to_II college_NN1 work_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL These_DD2 were_VBDR to_TO be_VBI our_APPGE apostolates_NN2 as_CSA Marist_NP1 priests_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Catholic_JJ priests_NN2 in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 are_VBR either_RR diocesans_NN2 or_CC religious_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Diocesans_NN2 work_VV0 directly_RR under_RG one_MC1 of_IO the_AT six_MC bishops_NN2 ,_, while_CS religious_JJ are_VBR subject_JJ immediately_RR to_II their_APPGE own_DA superiors_NN2 and_CC may_VM be_VBI sent_VVN anywhere_RL in_II the_AT world_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Franciscans_NN2 ,_, Dominicans_NN2 and_CC Redemptorists_NN2 represent_VV0 the_AT great_JJ older_JJR religious_JJ orders_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Marists_NP2 are_VBR comparative_JJ newcomers_NN2 ,_, having_VHG been_VBN founded_VVN along_II21 with_II22 the_AT Marist_NP1 Brothers_NN2 and_CC Sisters_NN2 in_II 1816_MC in_II Lyons_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB they_PPHS2 were_VBDR the_AT first_MD Catholic_JJ missionaries_NN2 to_TO reach_VVI New_NP Zealand_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Their_APPGE founder_NN1 ,_, Jean-Claude_NP1 Colin_NP1 ,_, dreamed_VVD of_IO a_AT1 group_NN of_IO men_NN2 working_VVG in_II collaboration_NN1 with_IW laymen_NN2 and_CC women_NN2 to_TO help_VVI renew_NN1 the_AT Church_NNJ in_II the_AT simplicity_NN1 and_CC fervour_NN1 of_IO the_AT first_MD community_NNJ of_IO believers_NN2 in_II Jerusalem_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 were_VBDR to_TO be_VBI missionary_JJ and_CC do_VD0 everything_PN1 the_AT Jesuits_NN2 would_VM do_VDI ,_, but_CCB with_IW a_AT1 different_JJ style_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Theirs_PPGE was_VBDZ to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 presence_NN1 to_II people_NN ,_, modelled_VVD on_II the_AT hidden_JJ but_CCB supportive_JJ presence_NN1 of_IO Mary_NP1 ,_, the_AT Mother_NN1 of_IO Christ_NP1 ,_, in_II the_AT Gospel_NN1 and_CC in_II the_AT early_JJ Church_NNJ of_IO Pentecost_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *'_" We_PPIS2 will_VM save_VVI souls_NN2 **'_" ,_, said_VVD Colin_NP1 ,_, *'_" by_II making_VVG ourselves_PPX2 subject_II21 to_II22 them_PPHO2 ._. ^ **'_" |_NULL ^_NULL This_DD1 could_VM sound_VVI exotic_JJ and_CC unreal_JJ for_IF those_DD2 who_PNQS associate_VV0 the_AT word_NN1 Marist_NP1 with_IW rugby_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Quite_RR removed_VVN from_II Colin_NP1 's_GE vision_NN1 would_VM be_VBI a_AT1 menacing_JJ phalanx_NN1 of_IO green_NN1 and_CC white_JJ forwards_RL ,_, their_APPGE supporters_NN2 screaming_NN1 ^_NULL *'_" Kill_VV0 '_" em_NN1 ,_, Marist_NP1 **'_" from_II the_AT sideline_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Strange_NP1 too_RG perhaps_RR to_TO realise_VVI that_CST there_EX are_VBR some_DD 300_MC men_NN2 ,_, proud_JJ to_TO be_VBI New_JJ Zealanders_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS ,_, with_IW their_APPGE cousins_NN2 the_AT Marist_NP1 Sisters_NN2 and_CC Brothers_NN2 ,_, take_VV0 a_AT1 woman_NN1 hidden_VVN in_II the_AT heart_NN1 of_IO the_AT Gospel_NN1 as_CSA their_APPGE model_NN1 in_II faith_NN1 and_CC action_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT French_JJ Marists_NP2 arrived_VVD with_IW Bishop_NP Pompallier_NP1 in_II the_AT Hokianga_NP1 in_II 1838_MC to_TO offer_VVI the_AT Gospel_NN1 to_II the_AT Maori_JJ people_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL Inevitably_RR the_AT needs_NN2 of_IO Irish_JJ Catholics_NN2 arriving_VVG in_II their_APPGE thousands_NNO2 during_II the_AT gold_NN1 rushes_NN2 and_CC the_AT Vogel_NP1 era_NN1 claimed_VVD their_APPGE attention_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Less_RGR inevitably_RR ,_, but_CCB unfortunately_RR ,_, the_AT Land_NN1 Wars_NN2 weakened_VVD their_APPGE commitment_NN1 to_II the_AT tangata_NN1 whenua_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Today_RT Marists_NP2 of_IO some_DD twenty_MC nationalities_NN2 serve_VV0 around_II the_AT world_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL New_NP Zealand_NP1 has_VHZ the_AT strongest_JJT grouping_NN1 both_RR here_RL and_CC overseas_RL ,_, because_II21 of_II22 our_APPGE early_JJ identification_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 new_JJ Church_NNJ in_II a_AT1 new_JJ country_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 has_VHZ been_VBN said_VVN that_DD1 life_NN1 involves_VVZ successive_JJ cycles_NN2 of_IO enthusiasm_NN1 ,_, disillusionment_NN1 ,_, serenity_NN1 and_CC acceptance_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE situation_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Sometimes_RT I_PPIS1 think_VV0 I_MC1 have_VH0 experienced_VVN all_DB these_DD2 in_II one_MC1 day_NNT1 ,_, or_CC even_RR during_II one_MC1 teaching_NN1 period_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB I_PPIS1 can_VM also_RR see_VVI each_DD1 phase_NN1 falling_VVG into_II a_AT1 9-year_JJ pattern_NN1 over_II the_AT 27_MC years_NNT2 I_PPIS1 spent_VVD as_II a_AT1 teacher_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL At_II \_NULL St_NP Bede_NP1 's_GE College_NN1 ,_, Christchurch_NP1 ,_, in_II 1950_MC ,_, I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ plunged_VVN into_II the_AT simmering_JJ energies_NN2 of_IO 300_MC dayboys_NN2 and_CC 250_MC boarders_NN2 ,_, bursting_VVG to_II expression_NN1 at_II football_NN1 matches_NN2 ,_, in_II the_AT dining_NN1 room_NN1 ,_, occasionally_RR in_II Chapel_NP1 singing_VVG and_CC ,_, when_CS least_DAT wanted_VVD ,_, in_II class_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL All_DB this_DD1 vitality_NN1 drew_VVD out_RP qualities_NN2 that_CST had_VHD been_VBN pent_JJ up_RP in_II me_PPIO1 for_IF years_NNT2 and_CC there_RL never_RR seemed_VVD enough_DD hours_NNT2 in_II the_AT day_NNT1 to_TO be_VBI present_JJ to_II the_AT students_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT first_MD months_NNT2 of_IO teaching_NN1 were_VBDR disastrous_JJ and_CC discouraging_VVG ._. ^ ^_NULL For_IF other_JJ teachers_NN2 ,_, the_AT class_NN1 watchdog_NN1 's_VBZ cry_NN1 ^_NULL *'_" Here_RL he_PPHS1 comes_VVZ **'_" heralded_JJ silence_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL For_IF me_PPIO1 it_PPH1 was_VBDZ the_AT beginning_NN1 of_IO chaos_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB ,_, with_IW help_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 managed_VVD some_DD content_NN1 and_CC pattern_NN1 in_II my_APPGE teaching_NN1 and_CC reasonable_JJ order_NN1 followed_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL English_JJ ,_, history_NN1 and_CC religious_JJ studies_NN2 might_VM be_VBI regarded_VVN as_CS soft_JJ options_NN2 ,_, but_CCB they_PPHS2 could_VM touch_VVI depths_NN2 of_IO both_DB2 the_AT human_NN1 and_CC the_AT divine_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 were_VBDR wonderful_JJ years_NNT2 to_TO be_VBI in_II the_AT profession_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Syllabus_NN1 and_CC curriculum_NN1 developments_NN2 were_VBDR continuous_JJ ,_, drawing_VVG students_NN2 more_RGR deeply_RR into_II the_AT learning_NN1 and_CC imaginative_JJ processes_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Refresher_NP1 courses_NN2 with_IW state_NN1 and_CC private_JJ school_NN1 colleagues_NN2 and_CC curriculum_NN1 unit_NN1 officers_NN2 from_II the_AT Department_NNJ of_IO Education_NN1 showed_VVD the_AT dedication_NN1 and_CC competence_NN1 of_IO the_AT professionals_NN2 in_II education_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL At_II the_AT same_DA time_NNT1 one_PN1 was_VBDZ learning_VVG one_PN1 's_GE craft_NN1 as_II *'_" priest_NN1 **'_" ,_, coping_VVG with_IW the_AT first_MD stumbling_JJ sermons_NN2 ,_, discovering_VVG which_DDQ end_NN1 of_IO the_AT baby_NN1 to_TO baptise_VVI ,_, searching_VVG for_IF the_AT compassionate_JJ word_NN1 in_II the_AT confessional_NN1 or_CC at_II a_AT1 bereavement_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Part_NN1 of_IO the_AT exhilaration_NN1 of_IO those_DD2 early_JJ years_NNT2 was_VBDZ a_AT1 kind_NN1 of_IO empathy_NN1 between_II a_AT1 young_JJ man_NN1 growing_VVG into_II priesthood_NN1 and_CC adolescents_NN2 moving_VVG into_II manhood_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Both_DB2 were_VBDR uneasy_JJ with_IW the_AT *'_" system_NN1 **'_" ,_, uncomfortable_JJ with_IW discipline_NN1 as_CSA we_PPIS2 saw_VVD it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB one_PN1 had_VHD also_RR to_TO look_VVI to_II the_AT experienced_JJ members_NN2 of_IO staff_NN and_CC temper_VV0 the_AT upsurgings_NN2 of_IO the_AT anima_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL To_TO be_VBI of_IO lasting_VVG help_NN1 to_II them_PPHO2 ,_, one_PN1 could_VM not_XX always_RR stay_VVI *'_" among_II the_AT boys_NN2 **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL As_RG priests_NN2 and_CC as_CSA teachers_NN2 we_PPIS2 tried_VVD to_TO offer_VVI something_PN1 more_DAR than_CSN *'_" Muscular_JJ Christianity_NN1 **'_" :_: an_AT1 integration_NN1 of_IO faith_NN1 and_CC culture_NN1 ,_, mind_NN1 and_CC heart_NN1 ,_, that_CST we_PPIS2 were_VBDR seeking_VVG in_II ourselves_PPX2 ,_, and_CC from_II a_AT1 long_JJ tradition_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 dealt_VVD with_IW the_AT trusting_JJ ,_, the_AT suspicious_JJ ,_, those_DD2 who_PNQS kept_VVD their_APPGE temples_NN2 barred_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT inner_JJ world_NN1 of_IO the_AT young_JJ is_VBZ holy_JJ ground_NN1 ;_; one_PN1 treads_VVZ there_RL softly_RR if_CS one_PN1 is_VBZ privileged_JJ to_TO be_VBI admitted_VVN at_RR21 all_RR22 ._. ^ ^_NULL At_II times_NNT2 one_MC1 pushed_VVD too_RG hard_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL At_II 5_MC {_NULL a.m_RA ._. ^ }_NULL one_MC1 morning_NNT1 in_II 1970_MC my_APPGE phone_NN1 went_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL *'_" That_DD1 you_PPY ,_, Barney_NP1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL Remember_VV0 15_MC years_NNT2 ago_RA telling_JJ a_AT1 certain_JJ pupil_NN1 that_CST if_CS he_PPHS1 did_VDD n't_XX get_VVI himself_PPX1 together_RL ,_, he_PPHS1 'd_VM wake_VVI up_RP one_MC1 morning_NNT1 in_II a_AT1 brothel_NN1 in_II Cairo_NP1 and_CC wonder_VV0 how_RRQ he_PPHS1 got_VVD there_RL ?_? ^ ^_NULL Well_RR ,_, I_PPIS1 'm_VBM not_XX in_II Cairo_NP1 ,_, but_CCB ..._... ^ **'_" ^_NULL Go_VV0 softly_RR on_II your_APPGE journey_NN1 ,_, friend_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT best_JJT hour_NNT1 of_IO the_AT day_NNT1 came_VVD when_RRQ ,_, with_IW dormitory_NN1 lights_NN2 out_RP ,_, we_PPIS2 gathered_VVD as_II a_AT1 community_NNJ for_IF supper_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Over_II tea_NN1 and_CC toast_NN1 (_( perhaps_RR a_AT1 whiskey_NN1 on_II major_JJ feasts_NN2 or_CC after_II First_MD *=_NULL XV_MC victories_NN2 )_) we_PPIS2 exchanged_VVD the_AT highs_NN2 and_CC lows_NN2 of_IO another_DD1 day_NNT1 spent_VVD in_II pushing_VVG back_RP the_AT barriers_NN2 of_IO ignorance_NN1 and_CC counteracting_VVG the_AT blight_NN1 of_IO original_JJ sin_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 younger_JJR men_NN2 were_VBDR conscious_JJ of_IO being_VBG in_II a_AT1 special_JJ company_NN1 of_IO those_DD2 who_PNQS had_VHD given_VVN up_RG21 to_RG22 40_MC years_NNT2 in_II the_AT life_NN1 and_CC forsaken_VVN the_AT possibility_NN1 of_IO high_JJ academic_JJ attainments_NN2 to_TO open_VVI avenues_NN2 for_IF the_AT sons_NN2 of_IO immigrants_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Suspicious_NP1 of_IO educational_JJ and_CC theological_JJ novelty_NN1 they_PPHS2 might_VM be_VBI ,_, but_CCB their_APPGE humour_NN1 and_CC humanity_NN1 made_VVN for_IF rich_JJ company_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL One_PN1 left_VVD it_PPH1 reluctantly_RR to_TO tackle_VVI the_AT pile_NN1 of_IO homework_NN1 at_II the_AT door_NN1 ,_, or_CC to_TO clean_VVI up_RP after_II the_AT sick_JJ youngster_NN1 who_PNQS had_VHD not_XX quite_RG reached_VVN the_AT bathroom_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL From_II \_NULL St_NP Bede_NP1 's_GE in_II Christchurch_NP1 I_PPIS1 resumed_VVD part-time_JJ university_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Lecturers_NP1 opened_VVD new_JJ fields_NN2 of_IO demanding_JJ but_CCB satisfying_JJ studies_NN2 in_II English_JJ ,_, history_NN1 ,_, and_CC economics_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 showed_VVD concern_NN1 too_RR for_IF the_AT overall_JJ quality_NN1 of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 life_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Winston_NP1 Rhodes_NP1 revealed_VVD Gerard_NP1 Manley_NP1 Hopkins_NP1 to_II me_PPIO1 ;_; Wolfgang_NP1 Rosenburg_NP1 tackled_VVD *'_" immaterial_JJ welfare_NN1 **'_" and_CC strategies_NN2 of_IO development_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT historians_NN2 ,_, Saunders_NP1 ,_, Oliver_NP1 and_CC Betty_NP1 O'Dowd_NP1 ,_, brought_VVD their_APPGE specialist_JJ areas_NN2 to_II life_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL University_NN1 too_RG provided_VVD a_AT1 break_NN1 from_II the_AT sometimes_RT cloying_VVG world_NN1 of_IO adolescence_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Without_IW time_NNT1 to_TO engage_VVI in_II varsity_NN1 politics_NN ,_, there_EX was_VBDZ still_RR the_AT give_VV0 and_CC take_VV0 of_IO tutorials_NN2 ,_, the_AT invitations_NN2 to_II post-exam_JJ parties_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL After_II eight_MC years_NNT2 of_IO male_JJ purdah_NN1 ,_, one_PN1 welcomed_VVD warily_RR the_AT company_NN1 of_IO women_NN2 again_RT ,_, their_APPGE spontaneity_NN1 and_CC special_JJ ability_NN1 to_TO challenge_VVI in_II matters_NN2 intellectual_JJ and_CC religious_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL One_MC1 year_NNT1 in_II tutorial_NN1 we_PPIS2 had_VHD a_AT1 young_JJ paraplegic_JJ girl_NN1 as_II a_AT1 member_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 had_VHD a_AT1 special_JJ beauty_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 mordant_JJ view_NN1 of_IO life_NN1 and_CC people_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT four_MC men_NN2 in_II the_AT group_NN took_VVD turns_NN2 to_TO carry_VVI her_PPHO1 up_II the_AT1 stairs_NN2 of_IO the_AT old_JJ university_NN1 building_NN1 from_II her_APPGE wheelchair_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Embarrassed_JJ ,_, crimson_NN1 above_II my_APPGE wide_JJ white_JJ dog-collar_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 could_VM not_XX avoid_VVI my_APPGE turn_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 sensed_VVD my_APPGE callowness_NN1 and_CC clutched_VVD me_PPIO1 tighter_RRR round_II the_AT neck_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL At_II the_AT turn_NN1 in_II the_AT stairs_NN2 a_AT1 student_NN1 I_PPIS1 had_VHD taught_VVN in_II upper_JJ sixth_MD the_AT previous_JJ year_NNT1 stood_VVD aside_RL and_CC let_VVD us_PPIO2 pass_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Eyes_NN2 wide_RR ,_, he_PPHS1 grinned_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL *'_" Doing_VDG all_RR21 right_RR22 for_IF yourself_PPX1 ,_, are_VBR n't_XX you_PPY Father_NN1 ,_, **'_" he_PPHS1 said_VVD ,_, and_CC passed_VVD on_RP ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL But_CCB enthusiasm_NN1 had_VHD to_TO be_VBI tested_VVN by_II disillusionment_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL At_II Silverstream_NP1 that_DD1 Saturday_NPD1 morning_NNT1 on_II 23_MC November_NPM1 1963_MC ,_, a_AT1 boarder_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 forbidden_JJ transistor_NN1 in_II his_APPGE hand_NN1 rushed_VVD out_II21 of_II22 the_AT small_JJ dining_NN1 room_NN1 and_CC screeched_VVD along_II the_AT corridor_NN1 ,_, ^_NULL *'_" President_NNB Kennedy_NP1 's_VHZ been_VBN shot_VVN **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ the_AT end_NN1 of_IO one_MC1 sort_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 Camelot_NP1 for_IF many_DA2 in_II America_NP1 and_CC seemed_VVD to_TO mark_VVI the_AT end_NN1 of_IO my_APPGE own_DA ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT trouble_NN1 with_IW teachers_NN2 is_VBZ that_CST they_PPHS2 keep_VV0 asking_VVG questions_NN2 ,_, not_XX only_RR of_IO their_APPGE students_NN2 ,_, but_CCB of_IO themselves_PPX2 and_CC of_IO those_DD2 who_PNQS run_VV0 the_AT *'_" system_NN1 **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL Even_RR in_II my_APPGE halcyon_NN1 days_NNT2 the_AT queries_NN2 had_VHD emerged_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL Now_RT they_PPHS2 became_VVD insistent_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Given_VVN that_CST our_APPGE schools_NN2 were_VBDR poor_JJ ,_, did_VDD they_PPHS2 have_VHI to_TO be_VBI so_RG relentlessly_RR drab_JJ and_CC masculine_JJ ?_? ^ ^_NULL If_CS we_PPIS2 wanted_VVD to_TO form_VVI young_JJ people_NN to_II a_AT1 free_JJ choice_NN1 of_IO faith_NN1 ,_, why_RRQ did_VDD we_PPIS2 insist_VVI on_II forcing_VVG them_PPHO2 into_II chapel_NN1 each_DD1 morning_NNT1 to_TO attend_VVI dreary_JJ worship_NN1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL Was_VBDZ it_PPH1 really_RR the_AT work_NN1 of_IO *'_" holy_JJ obedience_NN1 **'_" to_TO keep_VVI putting_VVG young_JJ priests_NN2 wholly_RR unsuited_JJ into_II schools_NN2 with_IW often_RR irreparable_JJ harm_NN1 to_II themselves_PPX2 and_CC their_APPGE pupils_NN2 ?_? ^ ^_NULL What_DDQ were_VBDR our_APPGE answers_NN2 to_II Paulo_NP1 Freire_NP1 and_CC Ivan_NP1 Illich_NP1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL Did_VDD the_AT tenderness_NN1 of_IO Sylvia_NP1 Ashton-Warner_NP towards_II her_APPGE charges_NN2 have_VH0 nothing_PN1 to_TO say_VVI to_II us_PPIO2 ?_? ^ ^_NULL And_CC why_RRQ were_VBDR the_AT liberating_NN1 and_CC humane_JJ teachings_NN2 of_IO the_AT Second_MD Vatican_NP1 Council_NNJ regarded_VVN with_IW so_RG much_DA1 suspicion_NN1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL These_DD2 questions_NN2 were_VBDR no_RR21 doubt_RR22 compounded_VVN by_II the_AT fact_NN1 that_CST the_AT first_MD natural_JJ sympathy_NN1 that_CST had_VHD existed_VVN between_II the_AT young_JJ priest_NN1 and_CC young_JJ people_NN was_VBDZ going_VVG ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Grey_NP1 hairs_NN2 and_CC the_AT roaring_JJ forties_MC2 were_VBDR making_VVG their_APPGE appearance_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL At_II home_NN1 one_MC1 evening_NNT1 ,_, with_IW Dad_NN1 sitting_VVG embarrassed_JJ in_II the_AT corner_NN1 ,_, my_APPGE mother_NN1 initiated_VVD me_PPIO1 into_II the_AT mysteries_NN2 of_IO the_AT male_JJ menopause_NN1 and_CC warned_VVD me_PPIO1 against_II too_RG human_JJ a_AT1 sympathy_NN1 for_IF widows_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 sensed_VVD that_CST spiritual_JJ paternity_NN1 and_CC an_AT1 ethereal_JJ love_NN1 of_IO *'_" womankind_NN1 **'_" through_II devotion_NN1 to_II the_AT Woman_NN1 of_IO the_AT Gospel_NN1 might_VM be_VBI tested_VVN by_II the_AT prospect_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 dry_JJ and_CC barren_JJ clerical_JJ middle_JJ age_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL All_DB these_DD2 deep-enough_RR questions_NN2 needed_VVD some_DD resolution_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB at_II the_AT more_RGR immediate_JJ level_NN1 there_EX were_VBDR questions_NN2 of_IO policy-making_NN1 and_CC personal_JJ ambition_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Power_NN1 and_CC policy_NN1 were_VBDR controlled_VVN effectively_RR in_II our_APPGE schools_NN2 by_II the_AT triumvirate_NN1 of_IO Principal_NN1 ,_, Master_NN1 of_IO Studies_NN2 and_CC Master_NN1 of_IO Discipline_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Entrenched_JJ systems_NN2 were_VBDR hard_JJ to_TO modify_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL With_IW every_AT1 show_NN1 of_IO unselfishness_NN1 ,_, the_AT thought_NN1 emerged_VVD that_CST as_II a_AT1 principal_NN1 I_PPIS1 could_VM do_VDI far_RG more_RRR to_TO help_VVI young_JJ teachers_NN2 ,_, humanise_NN1 discipline_NN1 ,_, involve_VV0 staff_NN in_II policy-making_NN1 and_CC planning_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB was_VBDZ this_DD1 being_VBG ambitious_JJ for_IF one_MC1 of_IO Paul_NP1 's_GE *'_" better_JJR gifts_NN2 **'_" ?_? ^ ^_NULL Some_DD encouraged_VVD me_PPIO1 to_TO think_VVI so_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB I_PPIS1 sensed_VVD a_AT1 reserve_NN1 on_II41 the_II42 part_II43 of_II44 superiors_NN2 ,_, a_AT1 suspicion_NN1 of_IO trendiness_NN1 and_CC liberalism_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT big_JJ jobs_NN2 came_VVD and_CC went_VVD ,_, exams_NN2 marks_NN2 got_VVD even_RR better_JJR as_CSA one_PN1 understood_VVD that_DD1 system_NN1 ,_, the_AT athletic_JJ teams_NN2 still_RR won_VVN ,_, but_CCB the_AT unifying_JJ thread_NN1 ,_, the_AT deep_JJ ,_, interweaving_VVG joy_NN1 ,_, seemed_VVD to_TO have_VHI gone_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL About_II this_DD1 time_NNT1 I_PPIS1 helped_VVD engineer_VVI a_AT1 protest_NN1 against_II what_DDQ seemed_VVD to_TO have_VHI been_VBN a_AT1 breach_NN1 of_IO justice_NN1 and_CC charity_NN1 in_II staff_NN relations_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Does_VDZ one_PN1 protest_VVI solely_RR from_II justice_NN1 or_CC partly_RR from_II frustration_NN1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL Good_JJ people_NN on_II both_DB2 sides_NN2 were_VBDR hurt_VVN deeply_RR and_CC I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ moved_VVN swiftly_RR ,_, sideways_RL ,_, to_II a_AT1 less_RGR sensitive_JJ area_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ indeed_RR a_AT1 grace_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Freed_VVN from_II the_AT inbred_JJ pressures_NN2 of_IO boarding_VVG school_NN1 life_NN1 there_EX was_VBDZ time_NNT1 for_IF calm_JJ reflection_NN1 on_II the_AT past_NN1 and_CC the_AT future_NN1 in_II a_AT1 small_JJ town_NN1 school_NN1 without_IW the_AT advantages_NN2 of_IO bigger_JJR cities_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 dedicated_JJ principal_NN1 and_CC staff_NN gave_VVD me_PPIO1 welcome_JJ and_CC healing_VVG and_CC a_AT1 new_JJ type_NN1 of_IO student_NN1 reawakened_VVD my_APPGE enthusiasm_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Helped_VVN to_TO see_VVI that_CST I_PPIS1 had_VHD no_AT real_JJ capacity_NN1 for_IF administering_VVG a_AT1 large_JJ educational_JJ establishment_NN ,_, my_APPGE friends_NN2 showed_VVD me_PPIO1 that_DD1 encouragement_NN1 of_IO others_NN2 was_VBDZ an_AT1 equally_RR important_JJ *'_" charism_NN1 **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT opportunity_NN1 to_TO become_VVI involved_VVN as_II a_AT1 team_NN member_NN1 with_IW married_JJ couples_NN2 in_II the_AT Marriage_NN1 Encounter_NN1 Movement_NNJ completed_VVD the_AT process_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT sharing_NN1 with_IW husbands_NN2 and_CC wives_NN2 of_IO their_APPGE commitment_NN1 to_TO accept_VVI each_PPX221 other_PPX222 's_GE limitations_NN2 as_II the_AT base_NN1 from_II which_DDQ to_TO grow_VVI in_II deeper_JJR love_NN1 and_CC fidelity_NN1 seemed_VVD a_AT1 paradigm_NN1 for_IF my_APPGE own_DA vocation_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Their_APPGE acceptance_NN1 of_IO the_AT celibate_JJ priest_NN1 as_CSA having_VHG a_AT1 complementary_JJ role_NN1 with_IW the_AT Church_NNJ ,_, seen_VVN as_II a_AT1 sign_NN1 of_IO Christ_NP1 's_GE redeeming_JJ love_NN1 in_II the_AT world_NN1 ,_, gave_VVD me_PPIO1 new_JJ confidence_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *'_" For_IF richer_JJR ,_, for_IF poorer_JJR ,_, in_II sickness_NN1 and_CC in_II health_NN1 ,_, until_CS death_NN1 ..._... ^ **'_" made_VVN new_JJ sense_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT prospect_NN1 of_IO ending_VVG up_RP Father_NNB Chips_NP1 in_II some_DD provincial_JJ backwater_NN1 no_RR21 longer_RR22 appalled_VVD ;_; the_AT call_NN1 to_II mission_NN1 overseas_RL ,_, now_RT returning_VVG ,_, would_VM not_XX be_VBI undertaken_VVN in_II a_AT1 spirit_NN1 of_IO bitterness_NN1 or_CC disillusionment_NN1 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 223+TEXT+G36_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Commonwealth_NNJ literature_NN1 or_CC New_JJ Literatures_NN2 in_II English_JJ or_CC postcolonial_JJ literatures_NN2 ,_, however_RRQV the_AT field_NN1 is_VBZ designated_VVN ,_, has_VHZ ,_, it_PPH1 seems_VVZ to_II me_PPIO1 ,_, an_AT1 inherent_JJ bias_NN1 towards_II content_NN1 based_VVN or_CC contextual_JJ criticism_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 results_VVZ from_II the_AT way_NN1 the_AT discipline_NN1 or_CC sub-discipline_NN1 is_VBZ set_VVN up_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT only_JJ common_JJ denominators_NN2 of_IO the_AT field_NN1 are_VBR (_( **=_NULL i_ZZ1 )_) the_AT English_JJ language_NN1 ,_, and_CC (_( **=_NULL ii_MC )_) some_DD aspect_NN1 of_IO colonial_JJ or_CC postcolonial_JJ experience_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Since_CS the_AT English_JJ language_NN1 is_VBZ shared_VVN with_IW English_JJ literature_NN1 in_II the_AT sense_NN1 of_IO the_AT literature_NN1 of_IO England_NP1 ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ only_RR the_AT colonial/_FO postcolonial_JJ dimension_NN1 which_DDQ makes_VVZ the_AT field_NN1 unique_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ an_AT1 inherent_JJ tendency_NN1 in_II criticism_NN1 therefore_RR to_TO look_VVI through_II the_AT window_NN1 of_IO the_AT text_NN1 to_II the_AT postcolonial_JJ reality_NN1 presumed_VVD to_TO lie_VVI beyond_II it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Literature_NN1 is_VBZ liable_JJ to_TO become_VVI instrumental_JJ in_II the_AT study_NN1 of_IO something_PN1 essentially_RR non-literary_JJ ,_, namely_REX postcolonialism_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL At_II the_AT least_DAT criticism_NN1 is_VBZ liable_JJ to_TO concern_VVI itself_PPX1 with_IW how_RRQ postcolonial_JJ reality_NN1 bears_VVZ on_RP ,_, shapes_NN2 ,_, conditions_NN2 ,_, circumscribes_VVZ the_AT literary_JJ text_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Some_DD critical_JJ theories_NN2 ,_, however_RR ,_, which_DDQ can_VM loosely_RR be_VBI designated_JJ *1_NULL formalist_NN1 *0_NULL in_II their_APPGE purest_JJT sense_NN1 exclude_VV0 from_II literary_JJ study_NN1 everything_PN1 except_CS (_( in_II Roman_NP1 Jacobson_NP1 's_GE term_NN1 )_) *1_NULL literariness_NN1 *0_NULL that_REX21 is_REX22 ,_, that_DD1 which_DDQ makes_VVZ a_AT1 given_JJ work_NN1 a_AT1 work_NN1 of_IO literature_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT biographical_JJ ,_, the_AT psychological_JJ ,_, the_AT social_JJ ,_, the_AT political_JJ ,_, the_AT philosophical_JJ ,_, the_AT historical_JJ ,_, the_AT cultural_JJ *-_- everything_PN1 which_DDQ relates_VVZ to_TO content_VVI or_CC context_NN1 *-_- is_VBZ by_II definition_NN1 excluded_VVD from_II legitimate_JJ consideration_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Formalism_NN1 is_VBZ concerned_JJ with_IW (_( Jacobson_NP1 again_RT )_) *'_" the_AT autonomy_NN1 of_IO the_AT aesthetic_JJ function_NN1 **'_" ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II this_DD1 paper_NN1 I_PPIS1 begin_VV0 an_AT1 investigation_NN1 of_IO the_AT problem_NN1 of_IO postcolonial_JJ texts_NN2 and_CC formalist_JJ theory_NN1 and_CC method_NN1 by_II reference_NN1 to_II a_AT1 single_JJ formalist_NN1 concept_NN1 (_( that_DD1 of_IO *1_NULL \_NULL ostranenie_NN1 *0_NULL or_CC *1_NULL making_VVG strange_JJ *-_- *0_NULL defamiliarisation_NN1 is_VBZ another_DD1 common_JJ translation_NN1 *-_- as_CSA defined_VVN by_II the_AT Russian_JJ Formalist_JJ critic_NN1 Victor_NP1 Shklovsky_NP1 and_CC developed_VVN by_II other_JJ members_NN2 of_IO the_AT Russian_JJ Formalist_JJ school_NN1 )_) and_CC to_II a_AT1 small_JJ group_NN of_IO texts_NN2 by_II writers_NN2 from_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 especially_RR in_II the_AT period_NN1 a_AT1 year_NNT1 or_CC two_MC either_DD1 side_NN1 of_IO 1940_MC ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL My_APPGE point_NN1 of_IO entry_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT lexical_JJ and_CC to_II some_DD extent_NN1 semantic_JJ coincidence_NN1 between_II the_AT formalist_NN1 term_NN1 *1_NULL making_VVG strange_JJ *0_NULL and_CC the_AT lexical_JJ cluster_NN1 *1_NULL strange/_FO stranger/_FO strangeness_NN1 *0_NULL in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 texts_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 certain_JJ period_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL What_DDQ connection_NN1 ,_, if_CS any_DD ,_, is_VBZ there_EX between_II *1_NULL making_VVG it_PPH1 strange_JJ *0_NULL and_CC the_AT motif_NN1 of_IO *'_" the_AT stranger_NN1 in_II a_AT1 strange_JJ land_NN1 **'_" which_DDQ is_VBZ common_JJ to_II Robin_NP1 Hyde_NP1 ,_, D'Arcy_NP1 Cresswell_NP1 ,_, Allen_NP1 Curnow_NP1 and_CC other_JJ {_NULL NZ_NP }_NULL writers_NN2 of_IO the_AT period_NN1 around_RG 1940_MC ?_? ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 will_VM be_VBI as_RG well_JJ to_TO look_VVI briefly_RR at_II the_AT semantic_JJ history_NN1 of_IO the_AT English_JJ word_NN1 *1_NULL strange_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL It_PPH1 derives_VVZ from_II the_AT Old_JJ French_JJ word_NN1 *1_NULL \_NULL estrange_NN1 *0_NULL which_DDQ in_II turn_NN1 derives_VVZ from_II the_AT Latin_JJ *1_NULL \_NULL extraneus_NN ,_, *0_NULL meaning_VVG external/_FO foreign_JJ ,_, as_CSA related_VVN to_II the_AT word_NN1 *1_NULL extra_JJ *0_NULL meaning_NN1 outside_RL ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 connection_NN1 of_IO *1_NULL strange/_FO stranger_NN1 *0_NULL with_IW *1_NULL foreign_JJ *0_NULL also_RR occurs_VVZ in_II the_AT Russian_JJ term_NN1 *1_NULL \_NULL ostranenie_NN1 *0_NULL and_CC in_II its_APPGE German_JJ equivalent_NN1 *1_NULL \_NULL verfremdung_VVN *0_NULL (_( alienation_NN1 )_) ,_, associated_VVN with_IW the_AT dramatic_JJ theory_NN1 of_IO Berthold_NP1 Brecht_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Since_CS *1_NULL colonialism_NN1 *0_NULL invariably_RR involves_VVZ a_AT1 situation_NN1 in_II which_DDQ colonisers_NN2 and_CC colonised_VVD are_VBR strangers_NN2 to_II each_PPX221 other_PPX222 ,_, perhaps_RR it_PPH1 is_VBZ inevitable_JJ that_CST it_PPH1 is_VBZ a_AT1 word_NN1 cluster_NN1 which_DDQ will_VM be_VBI prominent_JJ in_II postcolonial_JJ writing_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB this_DD1 is_VBZ to_TO jump_VVI the_AT gun_NN1 somewhat_RR ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL At_II this_DD1 point_NN1 let_VVD me_PPIO1 summarise_NN1 what_DDQ Shklovsky_NP1 meant_VVD by_II *1_NULL \_NULL ostranenie_NN1 ,_, *0_NULL and_CC mention_VV0 some_DD of_IO the_AT main_JJ devices_NN2 associated_VVN with_IW the_AT technique_NN1 ,_, and_CC their_APPGE implications_NN2 for_IF literary_JJ study_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Shklovsky_NP1 's_GE first_MD substantial_JJ account_NN1 is_VBZ in_II his_APPGE 1917_MC essay_NN1 *'_" Art_NN1 as_II Technique_NN1 **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL Shklovsky_NP1 quotes_VVZ a_AT1 passage_NN1 from_II Tolstoy_NP1 's_GE *1_NULL Diary_NN1 *0_NULL concerning_II habitual_JJ and_CC unconscious_JJ activity_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Reflecting_VVG on_II the_AT fact_NN1 that_CST he_PPHS1 could_VM n't_XX remember_VVI whether_CSW31 or_CSW32 not_CSW33 he_PPHS1 had_VHD dusted_VVN a_AT1 divan_NN1 ,_, Tolstoy_NP1 remarked_VVD that_CST if_CS he_PPHS1 had_VHD done_VDN so_RG unconsciously_RR *'_" then_RT it_PPH1 was_VBDZ the_AT same_DA as_CSA if_CS I_PPIS1 had_VHD not_XX **'_" which_DDQ led_VVN him_PPHO1 to_II the_AT thought_NN1 :_: *'_" if_CSW the_AT whole_JJ complex_JJ lives_NN2 of_IO many_DA2 people_NN go_VV0 on_RP unconsciously_RR ,_, then_RT such_DA lives_NN2 are_VBR as_CS21 if_CS22 they_PPHS2 had_VHD never_RR been_VBN **'_" !_! ^ ^_NULL To_II which_DDQ Shklovsky_NP1 adds_VVZ :_: *'_" ^_NULL And_CC so_CS life_NN1 is_VBZ reckoned_VVN as_CSA nothing_PN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Habitualisation_NN1 devours_NN2 works_VVZ ,_, clothes_NN2 ,_, furniture_NN1 ,_, one_PN1 's_GE wife_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT fear_NN1 of_IO war_NN1 ..._... art_NN1 exists_VVZ **'_" (_( he_PPHS1 goes_VVZ on_RP )_) **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ a_AT1 useful_JJ gloss_NN1 on_II this_DD1 passage_NN1 in_II Frederick_NP1 Jameson_NP1 's_GE book_NN1 *1_NULL The_AT Prison-House_NP1 of_IO Language_NN1 *0_NULL in_II which_DDQ he_PPHS1 states_VVZ :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 take_VV0 from_II Jameson_NP1 also_RR his_APPGE summary_NN1 of_IO three_MC *'_" signal_NN1 advantages_NN2 **'_" of_IO *1_NULL \_NULL ostranenie_NN1 *0_NULL as_II a_AT1 *'_" purely_RR formal_JJ concept_NN1 **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL First_MD ,_, defamiliarisation_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 way_NN1 of_IO distinguishing_VVG literature_NN1 from_II other_JJ non-literary_JJ modes_NN2 of_IO discourse_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Second_MD ,_, it_PPH1 permits_VVZ the_AT establishment_NN of_IO a_AT1 hierarchy_NN1 within_II the_AT work_NN1 :_: the_AT most_RGT important_JJ devices_NN2 ,_, techniques_NN2 and_CC elements_NN2 are_VBR those_DD2 which_DDQ contribute_VV0 to_II the_AT renewal_NN1 of_IO perception_NN1 by_II making_VVG strange_JJ (_( this_DD1 led_VVN to_II the_AT concept_NN1 of_IO the_AT dominant_JJ ,_, and_CC later_RRR to_II the_AT idea_NN1 of_IO *1_NULL foregrounding_VVG )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL Third_MD ,_, it_PPH1 permits_VVZ a_AT1 new_JJ concept_NN1 of_IO literary_JJ history_NN1 ,_, replacing_VVG the_AT idealist_NN1 concept_NN1 of_IO continuity_NN1 of_IO tradition_NN1 with_IW the_AT notion_NN1 of_IO history_NN1 as_II a_AT1 series_NN of_IO abrupt_JJ discontinuities_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Art_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 kind_NN1 of_IO perpetual_JJ revolution_NN1 inherent_JJ in_II the_AT very_JJ nature_NN1 of_IO artistic_JJ form_NN1 which_DDQ *'_" once_RR striking_VVG and_CC fresh_JJ ,_, grows_VVZ stale_JJ ,_, and_CC must_VM be_VBI replaced_VVN by_II the_AT new_JJ ..._... ^ **'_" |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 am_VBM especially_RR interested_JJ in_II this_DD1 last_MD concept_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT formalists_NN2 identified_VVD several_DA2 ways_NN2 in_II which_DDQ defamiliarisation_NN1 brought_VVN about_II the_AT renewal_NN1 of_IO art_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL One_MC1 of_IO them_PPHO2 was_VBDZ *1_NULL parody_NN1 ,_, *0_NULL a_AT1 second_NNT1 was_VBDZ by_II what_DDQ Shklovsky_NP1 called_VVD *'_" the_AT canonisation_NN1 of_IO the_AT junior_JJ branch_NN1 **'_" ,_, that_REX21 is_REX22 ,_, the_AT introduction_NN1 into_II literary_JJ works_NN of_IO elements_NN2 previously_RR considered_VVN outside_II the_AT canon_NN1 ,_, especially_RR devices_NN2 from_II popular_JJ literature_NN1 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 Dostoevsky_NP1 's_GE use_NN1 of_IO the_AT whodunnit_NN1 in_II serious_JJ fiction_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 third_MD means_NN is_VBZ the_AT denial_NN1 of_IO direct_JJ patrilinear_JJ succession_NN1 ,_, the_AT smooth_JJ transition_NN1 from_II *'_" father_NN1 **'_" to_II *'_" son_NN1 **'_" ,_, by_II reaching_VVG back_RP to_II earlier_JJR and_CC perhaps_RR discredited_JJ conventions_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT motif_NN1 of_IO *'_" the_AT stranger_NN1 in_II a_AT1 strange_JJ land_NN1 **'_" is_VBZ easily_RR explained_VVN in_II the_AT case_NN1 of_IO the_AT texts_NN2 by_II Robin_NP1 Hyde_NP1 and_CC D'Arcy_NP1 Cresswell_NP1 by_II biographical_JJ circumstances_NN2 ,_, Hyde_NP1 's_GE poems_NN2 were_VBDR written_VVN in_II China_NP1 during_II her_APPGE first_MD and_CC last_MD journey_NN1 away_II21 from_II22 New_NP Zealand_NP1 ;_; Cresswell_NP1 's_GE autobiographies_NN2 ,_, or_CC the_AT passages_NN2 I_PPIS1 will_VM look_VVI at_II ,_, concern_NN1 his_APPGE return_NN1 to_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 after_II years_NNT2 living_VVG in_II foreign_JJ parts_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB to_II the_AT formalists_NN2 such_DA information_NN1 is_VBZ at_RR21 best_RR22 irrelevant_JJ to_II the_AT literariness_NN1 of_IO the_AT works_NN in_II question_NN1 and_CC I_PPIS1 wish_VV0 ,_, at_RR21 least_RR22 in_II the_AT first_MD instance_NN1 ,_, to_TO remain_VVI true_JJ to_II the_AT formalist_NN1 emphasis_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *1_NULL Strange_NP1 *0_NULL and_CC *1_NULL stranger_NN1 *0_NULL are_VBR part_NN1 of_IO the_AT *1_NULL material_NN1 *0_NULL of_IO the_AT texts_NN2 ,_, then_RT (_( to_TO employ_VVI a_AT1 formalist_JJ distinction_NN1 )_) ,_, are_VBR they_PPHS2 also_RR signs_NN2 of_IO the_AT presence_NN1 of_IO the_AT *1_NULL device_NN1 *0_NULL of_IO making_VVG it_PPH1 strange_JJ ?_? ^ |_NULL ^_NULL My_APPGE first_MD text_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 fragment_NN1 from_II Hyde_NP1 's_GE poem_NN1 *'_" Journey_NN1 from_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 **'_" in_II which_DDQ the_AT perspective_NN1 is_VBZ mostly_RR backward_RL towards_II the_AT land_NN1 she_PPHS1 has_VHZ left_VVN :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL If_CSW the_AT first_MD part_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 passage_NN1 anticipates_NN2 feeling_VVG a_AT1 stranger_NN1 ,_, the_AT second_MD part_NN1 manifests_VVZ to_II some_DD extent_NN1 the_AT technique_NN1 of_IO making_VVG strange_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ perhaps_RR most_RGT evident_JJ in_II the_AT choice_NN1 of_IO the_AT wholly_RR unexpected_JJ yet_RR effective_JJ adjective_NN1 *1_NULL serious_JJ *0_NULL in_II the_AT phrase_NN1 *'_" serious_JJ pungent_JJ macrocarpa_NN1 **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL Otherwise_RR the_AT passage_NN1 gives_VVZ the_AT illusion_NN1 of_IO being_VBG transparent_JJ to_II the_AT objects_NN2 it_PPH1 refers_VVZ to_II ,_, as_CSA in_II imagist_NN1 poetry_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II another_DD1 version_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 passage_NN1 ,_, the_AT line_NN1 *'_" The_AT circling_JJ shapes_NN2 of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 things_NN2 **'_" reads_VVZ *'_" familiar_JJ things_NN2 **'_" ,_, which_DDQ supports_VVZ my_APPGE conviction_NN1 that_CST the_AT dissolving_NN1 and_CC reforming_NN1 of_IO familiar_JJ things_NN2 amounts_VVZ to_II a_AT1 kind_NN1 of_IO defamiliarisation_NN1 of_IO the_AT familiar_JJ ,_, hence_RR the_AT effect_NN1 refreshed_VVD perception_NN1 (_( *'_" to_TO make_VVI the_AT stone_NN1 *1_NULL stony_JJ **'_" )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL This_DD1 effect_NN1 is_VBZ rare_JJ in_II Hyde_NP1 's_GE earlier_JJR poetry_NN1 ,_, much_DA1 of_IO which_DDQ is_VBZ marked_VVN by_II the_AT stale_JJ and_CC habituated_JJ conventions_NN2 of_IO postromantic_JJ colonial_JJ lyricism_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *'_" What_DDQ is_VBZ it_PPH1 makes_VVZ the_AT Stranger_NN1 ?_? ^ **'_" ,_, my_APPGE second_MD text_NN1 from_II Hyde_NP1 ,_, begins_VVZ with_IW an_AT1 account_NN1 of_IO the_AT travelling_JJ stranger_NN1 's_GE unanticipated_JJ sense_NN1 of_IO familiarity_NN1 and_CC human_JJ solidarity_NN1 among_II the_AT superficially_RR unfamiliar_JJ sights_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 foreign_JJ land_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Here_RL ,_, an_AT1 effect_NN1 of_IO defamiliarisation_NN1 results_VVZ from_II the_AT refusal_NN1 and_CC evasion_NN1 of_IO the_AT expected_JJ effect_NN1 of_IO strangeness_NN1 prepared_VVN for_IF by_II the_AT conventional_JJ celebration_NN1 of_IO exotica_NN1 in_II poems_NN2 of_IO this_DD1 kind_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Later_RRR ,_, having_VHG retarded_VVN this_DD1 anticipated_JJ effect_NN1 ,_, Hyde_NP1 introduces_VVZ it_PPH1 by_II reference_NN1 to_II the_AT alienating_JJ effect_NN1 of_IO the_AT inability_NN1 to_TO speak_VVI or_CC comprehend_VVI the_AT language_NN1 spoken_VVN around_II her_PPHO1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 shift_NN1 in_II the_AT poem_NN1 is_VBZ marked_VVN by_II a_AT1 powerful_JJ ,_, and_CC ,_, in_II this_DD1 context_NN1 ,_, pregnantly_RR suggestive_JJ passage_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT sight_NN1 of_IO two_MC lovers_NN2 produces_VVZ in_II her_APPGE feelings_NN2 of_IO at_RR21 first_RR22 empathy_NN1 and_CC recognition_NN1 ,_, and_CC then_RT of_IO isolation_NN1 and_CC as_RR31 it_RR32 were_RR33 extraneousness_NN1 :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL What_DDQ do_VD0 the_AT words_NN2 *'_" spelt_VVN with_IW strange_JJ letters_NN2 **'_" signify_VV0 ?_? ^ ^_NULL Literally_NP1 ,_, perhaps_RR ,_, they_PPHS2 refer_VV0 to_II the_AT presence_NN1 of_IO unreadable_JJ characters_NN2 on_II signs_NN2 or_CC posters_NN2 making_VVG it_PPH1 hard_RR for_IF a_AT1 stranger_JJR to_TO know_VVI where_RRQ she_PPHS1 is_VBZ going_VVG ;_; metaphorically_RR ,_, the_AT lines_NN2 refer_VV0 to_II the_AT unreadable_JJ future_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Arguably_NP1 ,_, too_RR ,_, *'_" strange_JJ letters_NN2 **'_" is_VBZ self-referential_JJ to_II Hyde_NP1 's_GE activities_NN2 as_II a_AT1 *'_" woman_NN1 of_IO letters_NN2 **'_" ,_, newly_RR aware_JJ of_IO the_AT need_NN1 to_TO defamiliarise_VVI her_APPGE own_DA practice_NN1 ,_, to_TO dispense_VVI with_IW the_AT stale_JJ conventions_NN2 which_DDQ had_VHD clogged_VVN many_DA2 of_IO her_APPGE earlier_JJR efforts_NN2 ,_, now_RT *'_" tattered_VVD away_RP in_II wind_NN1 **'_" like_II outdated_JJ posters_NN2 on_II the_AT walls_NN2 of_IO Chinese_JJ cities_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL My_APPGE next_MD examples_NN2 come_VV0 from_II the_AT work_NN1 of_IO D'Arcy_NP1 Cresswell_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 writer_NN1 with_IW fair_JJ claims_NN2 to_TO be_VBI called_VVN New_NP Zealand_NP1 's_GE worst_JJT poet_NN1 ,_, or_CC perhaps_RR *'_" best_RRT bad_JJ poet_NN1 **'_" is_VBZ more_RGR accurate_JJ ,_, since_CS his_APPGE badness_NN1 sometimes_RT approaches_NN2 a_AT1 McGonagal-like_NP1 sublimity_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL His_APPGE two_MC volumes_NN2 of_IO prose_NN1 autobiography_NN1 ,_, however_RR ,_, are_VBR quite_RG another_DD1 story_NN1 and_CC ripe_JJ for_IF rediscovery_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *1_NULL The_AT Poet_NN1 's_VBZ Progress_NN1 *0_NULL (_( 1930_MC )_) concerns_VVZ the_AT poet_NN1 's_VHZ adventures_NN2 in_II England_NP1 where_RRQ he_PPHS1 preposterously_RR but_CCB with_IW messianic_JJ conviction_NN1 sets_VVZ about_RP singlehandedly_RR rescuing_VVG poetry_NN1 through_II colonial_JJ vigour_NN1 and_CC genius_NN1 from_II the_AT swamp_NN1 of_IO decadence_NN1 and_CC modernity_NN1 into_II which_DDQ it_PPH1 has_VHZ fallen_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT prose_NN1 is_VBZ often_RR hilarious_JJ in_II effect_NN1 if_CS not_XX intention_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT book_NN1 ends_VVZ with_IW his_APPGE return_NN1 to_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II a_AT1 final_JJ passage_NN1 describing_VVG his_APPGE arrival_NN1 at_II Lyttelton_NP1 Harbour_NP1 Cresswell_NP1 recalls_VVZ his_APPGE conviction_NN1 that_CST *'_" I_PPIS1 should_VM never_RR return_VVI to_II my_APPGE native_JJ land_NN1 **'_" ,_, and_CC accounts_NN2 for_IF the_AT apparent_JJ reversal_NN1 by_II claiming_VVG to_TO be_VBI utterly_RR different_JJ ,_, both_RR physically_RR and_CC mentally_RR from_II the_AT person_NN1 who_PNQS left_VVD seven_MC years_NNT2 before_RT :_: *'_" ^_NULL Not_XX I_PPIS1 ..._... but_CCB another_DD1 had_VHD now_RT returned_VVN **'_" ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL This_DD1 question_NN1 which_DDQ ends_VVZ the_AT book_NN1 sets_VVZ up_RP the_AT account_NN1 of_IO *'_" a_AT1 stranger_JJR in_II a_AT1 strange_JJ land_NN1 **'_" that_CST begins_VVZ Cresswell_NP1 's_GE second_MD volume_NN1 of_IO autobiography_NN1 ,_, *1_NULL Present_NN1 Without_IW Leave_NN1 *0_NULL (_( 1939_MC )_) ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II formalist_NN1 terms_NN2 Cresswell_NP1 might_VM be_VBI said_VVN to_TO have_VHI defamiliarised_VVN the_AT expected_JJ convention_NN1 of_IO *'_" the_AT return_NN1 of_IO the_AT native_NN1 **'_" by_II adopting_VVG its_APPGE inversion_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Furthermore_RR ,_, by_II treating_VVG what_DDQ was_VBDZ in_II fact_NN1 familiar_JJ to_II him_PPHO1 (_( and_CC at_RR21 least_RR22 to_II some_DD of_IO his_APPGE readers_NN2 )_) as_CSA unfamiliar_JJ ,_, Cresswell_NP1 employs_VVZ a_AT1 classic_JJ technique_NN1 of_IO *1_NULL \_NULL ostranenie_NN1 *0_NULL much_RR used_VVN by_II Tolstoy_NP1 ,_, as_CSA Shklovsky_NP1 demonstrates_VVZ ,_, in_II the_AT famous_JJ description_NN1 of_IO opera_NN1 in_II *1_NULL War_NN1 and_CC Peace_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT specimen_NN1 I_PPIS1 have_VH0 chosen_VVN for_IF illustration_NN1 is_VBZ number_NN1 *=_NULL VII_MC of_IO *1_NULL Present_NN1 Without_IW Leave_NN1 's_GE numbered_JJ paragraphs_NN2 (_( or_CC microchapters_NN2 )_) :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL A_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO defamiliarising_VVG techniques_NN2 are_VBR at_II work_NN1 here_RL ._. ^ ^_NULL First_MD ,_, there_EX is_VBZ the_AT general_JJ orientation_NN1 towards_II the_AT subject_NN1 ,_, the_AT adoption_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 acutely_RR detached_VVD and_CC estranged_JJ perspective_NN1 ,_, as_CS21 if_CS22 the_AT narrator_NN1 were_VBDR a_AT1 visitor_NN1 from_II another_DD1 world_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL One_PN1 might_VM compare_VVI the_AT so-called_JJ *'_" Martian_JJ **'_" perspective_NN1 adopted_VVN by_II certain_JJ contemporary_JJ English_JJ poets_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 Craig_NP1 Raine_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 perspective_NN1 is_VBZ articulated_VVN through_II methods_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 the_AT use_NN1 throughout_RL of_IO the_AT pronouns_NN2 *1_NULL they_PPHS2 ,_, their_APPGE ,_, them_PPHO2 *0_NULL instead_CC21 of_CC22 *1_NULL we_PPIS2 ,_, our_APPGE ,_, us_PPIO2 ,_, *0_NULL appropriate_JJ to_II the_AT returning_JJ native_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Then_RT there_EX is_VBZ the_AT deliberate_JJ archaism_NN1 in_II vocabulary_NN1 and_CC idiom_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT balanced_JJ formality_NN1 of_IO the_AT style_NN1 :_: *'_" ^_NULL They_PPHS2 defer_VV0 in_II all_DB things_NN2 to_II their_APPGE women_NN2 ,_, who_PNQS requite_VV0 this_DD1 attention_NN1 by_II debauching_VVG their_APPGE stomachs_NN2 with_IW sickly_JJ and_CC fictitious_JJ foods_NN2 **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL Thirdly_NP1 ,_, there_EX is_VBZ the_AT defamiliarisation_NN1 of_IO prevailing_JJ literary_JJ conventions_NN2 ,_, in_II this_DD1 instance_NN1 the_AT conventional_JJ travelogue_NN1 ,_, as_RG exemplified_JJ by_II such_DA a_AT1 book_NN1 as_CSA Alan_NP1 Mulgan_NP1 's_GE *1_NULL A_AT1 Pilgrim_NP 's_GE Way_NNL1 in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 *0_NULL (_( 1935_MC )_) which_DDQ takes_VVZ the_AT form_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 sycophantic_JJ and_CC sentimental_JJ address_NN1 by_II a_AT1 returning_JJ native_NN1 to_II an_AT1 intending_JJ English_JJ visitor_NN1 :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL {_NULL C.K._NP }_NULL Stead_NP1 has_VHZ suggested_VVN that_CST this_DD1 book_NN1 served_VVD a_AT1 similar_JJ function_NN1 for_IF the_AT defamiliarising_JJ depiction_NN1 of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 in_II the_AT novel_JJ *1_NULL Man_NN1 Alone_RR *0_NULL written_VVN by_II John_NP1 Mulgan_NP1 ,_, Alan_NP1 Mulgan_NP1 's_GE son_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 novel_NN1 which_DDQ has_VHZ a_AT1 visiting_JJ Englishman_NN1 as_CSA its_APPGE central_JJ character_NN1 ,_, and_CC which_DDQ ,_, like_II *1_NULL Present_NN1 Without_IW Leave_NN1 *0_NULL was_VBDZ also_RR published_VVN in_II 1939_MC ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL So_CS31 far_CS32 as_CS33 Cresswell_NP1 's_GE literary_JJ models_NN2 are_VBR concerned_JJ ,_, not_XX only_RR did_VDD he_PPHS1 parody_VVI prevailing_JJ convention_NN1 but_CCB also_RR ,_, again_RT in_II unconscious_JJ accordance_NN1 with_IW formalist_JJ theory_NN1 ,_, he_PPHS1 reached_VVD back_RP beyond_II his_APPGE immediate_JJ predecessors_NN2 to_II more_RGR distant_JJ models_NN2 ;_; in_II this_DD1 instance_NN1 to_II the_AT eighteenth_MD century_NNT1 ,_, either_RR to_II accounts_NN2 of_IO imaginary_JJ travels_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 Swift_NP1 's_GE *1_NULL Travels_NN2 into_II several_DA2 remote_JJ nations_NN2 of_IO the_AT world_NN1 by_II Lemuel_NP1 Gulliver_NP1 (_( Gulliver_NP1 's_GE Travels_NN2 )_) *0_NULL or_CC to_II the_AT kind_NN1 of_IO sober_JJ ,_, quasi-scientific_JJ travel_NN1 literature_NN1 that_CST Swift_NP1 was_VBDZ parodying_VVG ,_, and_CC of_IO which_DDQ Captain_NNB James_NP1 Cook_NP1 's_GE journals_NN2 were_VBDR a_AT1 notable_JJ later_JJR example_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Cresswell_NP1 adopts_VVZ much_RR the_AT same_DA detached_JJ ,_, curious_JJ ,_, objective_JJ perspective_NN1 in_II describing_VVG the_AT *'_" natives_NN2 **'_" of_IO twentieth_MD century_NNT1 New_NP Zealand_NP1 ,_, as_CSA Cook_NP1 did_VDD towards_II their_APPGE eighteenth_MD century_NNT1 counterparts_NN2 ,_, the_AT Maori_JJ ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 224+TEXT+G37_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT last_MD few_DA2 years_NNT2 have_VH0 witnessed_VVN ,_, as_CSA described_VVN by_II some_DD ,_, a_AT1 Maori_JJ renaissance_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB demands_NN2 by_II Maori_NP1 for_IF a_AT1 recognition_NN1 of_IO Maoritanga_NP1 and_CC for_IF the_AT inclusion_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 Maori_JJ dimension_NN1 in_II national_JJ institutions_NN2 have_VH0 ,_, as_CSA their_APPGE corollary_NN1 the_AT subversion_NN1 and_CC denial_NN1 of_IO cherished_JJ Pakeha_NP1 myths_NN2 ;_; myths_NN2 of_IO an_AT1 egalitarian_JJ land_NN1 of_IO plenty_NN1 supporting_VVG a_AT1 peaceful_JJ multi-racial_JJ ,_, multi-cultural_JJ society_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL Revelations_NN2 of_IO the_AT reality_NN1 which_DDQ had_VHD been_VBN hidden_VVN by_II the_AT myths_NN2 has_VHZ led_VVN to_II self-doubt_NN1 and_CC introspection_NN1 on_II41 the_II42 part_II43 of_II44 many_DA2 Pakeha_NP1 ,_, and_CC speculations_NN2 on_II the_AT nature_NN1 of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 society_NN in_RR21 general_RR22 and_CC on_II the_AT nature_NN1 of_IO Pakeha_NP1 culture_NN1 in_RR21 particular_RR22 *-_- if_CS there_EX is_VBZ one_PN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Pakeha_NP1 literati_NN2 examine_VV0 the_AT question_NN1 *"_" ^_NULL Do_VD0 Pakehas_NN2 Have_VHI a_AT1 Culture_NN1 ?_? **"_" ^ (_( McGill_NP1 1986:27-29_MCMC )_) ;_; others_NN2 comment_VV0 on_II the_AT *"_" image_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 frontier_NN1 race_NN1 used_VVN to_II denying_VVG all_RR21 but_RR22 the_AT most_RGT external_JJ reality_NN1 **"_" (_( Mountjoy_NP1 1986:26_MC )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL Michael_NP1 King_NP1 's_GE *"_" selective_JJ and_CC ethnic_JJ autobiography_NN1 **"_" (_( \_NULL p_ZZ1 3_MC )_) ,_, *1_NULL Being_VBG Pakeha_NP1 *0_NULL (_( 1985_MC )_) is_VBZ a_AT1 product_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 dynamic_JJ context_NN1 of_IO Maori_JJ challenge_NN1 and_CC Pakeha_NP1 cultural_JJ redefinition_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ at_II one_MC1 and_CC the_AT same_DA time_NNT1 King_NP1 's_GE answer_NN1 to_II Maori_JJ challenges_NN2 of_IO his_APPGE own_DA work_NN1 ,_, and_CC an_AT1 attempt_NN1 to_TO give_VVI substance_NN1 to_II the_AT label_NN1 *"_" Pakeha_NP1 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 suffers_VVZ because_II21 of_II22 the_AT former_DA ,_, being_VBG defensive_JJ and_CC apologetic_JJ ,_, and_CC is_VBZ ,_, when_CS it_PPH1 addresses_VVZ the_AT latter_DA cloyingly_RR cozy_JJ in_II its_APPGE rose-tinted_JJ descriptions_NN2 and_CC portrayals_NN2 of_IO Pakeha_NP1 elitism_NN1 ;_; in_II its_APPGE apolitical_JJ and_CC unquestioning_JJ stance_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Nevertheless_RR ,_, there_EX are_VBR themes_NN2 running_VVG through_II the_AT book_NN1 ,_, often_RR implied_VVD rather_II21 than_II22 stated_JJ ,_, which_DDQ should_VM ,_, I_PPIS1 believe_VV0 ,_, be_VBI debated_VVN as_II part_NN1 of_IO the_AT ongoing_JJ process_NN1 of_IO redefinition_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL One_MC1 of_IO these_DD2 themes_NN2 is_VBZ about_II ethnicity_NN1 ,_, particularly_RR Irish_JJ Catholic_NN1 and_CC Pakeha_NP1 ,_, and_CC about_II ethnic_JJ relations_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Another_DD1 is_VBZ the_AT relationship_NN1 of_IO the_AT individual_NN1 to_II society_NN *-_- in_II this_DD1 case_NN1 King_NN1 in_II his_APPGE chosen_JJ profession_NN1 in_II31 relation_II32 to_II33 New_NP Zealand_NP1 society_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL Both_DB2 of_IO these_DD2 themes_NN2 are_VBR about_II being_VBG Pakeha_NP1 ;_; the_AT former_DA is_VBZ about_II the_AT constitution_NN1 of_IO group_NN identity_NN1 vis_II31 a_II32 vis_II33 other_JJ groups_NN2 ;_; the_AT latter_DA is_VBZ about_II facets_NN2 of_IO that_DD1 identity_NN1 as_CSA exhibited_VVN by_II individuals_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Obviously_RR these_DD2 are_VBR interrelated_VVN and_CC just_RR as_RG obviously_RR ,_, as_CSA they_PPHS2 are_VBR revealed_VVN in_II this_DD1 book_NN1 ,_, they_PPHS2 have_VH0 an_AT1 idiosyncratic_JJ content_NN1 as_CSA King_NP1 relates_VVZ memories_NN2 of_IO personal_JJ experiences_NN2 ;_; however_RR ,_, as_CSA he_PPHS1 has_VHZ claimed_VVN the_AT label_NN1 Pakeha_NP1 we_PPIS2 must_VM assume_VVI that_CST he_PPHS1 is_VBZ saying_VVG that_CST these_DD2 latter_DA day_NNT1 perceptions_NN2 and_CC memories_NN2 ,_, if_CS not_XX common_JJ to_II all_DB Pakeha_NP1 will_VM have_VHI resonance_NN1 for_IF all_DB who_PNQS assume_VV0 that_DD1 label_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Ethnicity_NP1 is_VBZ an_AT1 anthropological_JJ concept_NN1 applied_VVN in_II contexts_NN2 of_IO competition_NN1 and_CC confrontation_NN1 between_II two_MC or_CC more_RGR distinctly_RR different_JJ groups_NN2 of_IO people_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT ethnic_JJ groups_NN2 in_II this_DD1 sort_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 situation_NN1 maintain_VV0 their_APPGE own_DA essential_JJ identities_NN2 and_CC differences_NN2 through_II various_JJ social_JJ processes_NN2 of_IO creation_NN1 and_CC definition_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL King_NP1 's_GE descriptions_NN2 of_IO his_APPGE childhood_NN1 and_CC on_RP through_RP to_II university_NN1 give_VV0 illustrations_NN2 of_IO these_DD2 processes_NN2 and_CC indicate_VV0 their_APPGE strength_NN1 in_II creating_VVG identity_NN1 for_IF individuals_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL King_NN1 describes_VVZ the_AT creation_NN1 of_IO the_AT Irish_JJ Catholic_JJ identity_NN1 in_II eloquent_JJ and_CC vivid_JJ terms_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL *"_" The_AT sense_NN1 of_IO tradition_NN1 ,_, of_IO belonging_VVG to_II a_AT1 clan_NN1 **"_" (_( \_NULL p_ZZ1 17_MC )_) came_VVD from_II his_APPGE mother_NN1 's_VBZ side_NN1 of_IO the_AT family_NN ,_, particularly_RR his_APPGE maternal_JJ grandmother_NN1 ._. ^ (_( ^_NULL It_PPH1 's_VBZ interesting_JJ to_TO note_VVI that_CST this_DD1 was_VBDZ in_II direct_JJ contrast_NN1 to_II his_APPGE Scottish_JJ paternal_JJ grandmother_NN1 who_PNQS refused_VVD to_TO talk_VVI about_II the_AT past_NN1 and_CC had_VHD come_VVN to_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 *"_" to_TO forget_VVI all_DB that_CST **"_" (_( \_NULL p_ZZ1 16_MC )_) )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL About_II his_APPGE maternal_JJ grandmother_NN1 he_PPHS1 writes_VVZ :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Social_JJ and_CC family_NN events_NN2 were_VBDR centred_VVN around_II the_AT church_NN1 and_CC the_AT Irish_JJ community_NNJ ;_; all_DB his_APPGE schooling_NN1 was_VBDZ at_II Catholic_JJ schools_NN2 by_II Irish_JJ nuns_NN2 and_CC priests_NN2 ;_; that_CST those_DD2 who_PNQS were_VBDR not_XX Irish_JJ Catholic_NN1 were_VBDR perceived_VVN as_CSA beyond_II the_AT pale_JJ is_VBZ summed_VVN up_RP nicely_RR in_II this_DD1 quote_NN1 *"_" those_DD2 of_IO us_PPIO2 going_VVG on_RP to_II university_NN1 were_VBDR expected_VVN to_TO be_VBI able_JJ to_TO hold_VVI our_APPGE own_DA against_II a_AT1 host_NN1 of_IO atheists_NN2 and_CC hedonists_NN2 **"_" (_( \_NULL p_ZZ1 63_MC )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 all_RR nicely_RR describes_VVZ the_AT construction_NN1 of_IO identity_NN1 and_CC also_RR illustrates_VVZ one_MC1 way_NN1 in_II which_DDQ the_AT group_NN in_II question_NN1 sets_VVZ itself_PPX1 off_RP ,_, that_REX21 is_REX22 ,_, by_II maintaining_VVG a_AT1 sense_NN1 of_IO grievance_NN1 for_IF past_JJ wrongs_NN2 perpetrated_VVD by_II the_AT enemy_NN ,_, in_II this_DD1 case_NN1 the_AT English_JJ ,_, and_CC by_II attaching_VVG derogatory_JJ labels_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 *"_" atheist_NN1 **"_" and_CC *"_" hedonist_NN1 **"_" to_II them_PPHO2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT phenomenon_NN1 of_IO Pakeha_NP1 ethnicity_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX quite_RG so_RG obvious_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT fact_NN1 of_IO Pakeha_NP1 dominance_NN1 and_CC their_APPGE assumptions_NN2 of_IO superiority_NN1 underlie_VV0 beliefs_NN2 that_CST their_APPGE way_NN1 of_IO doing_VDG things_NN2 ,_, their_APPGE perceptions_NN2 ,_, their_APPGE values_NN2 are_VBR natural_JJ and_CC right_RR *-_- dictated_VVD by_II the_AT natural_JJ order_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Minority_NP1 groups_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 Maori_NP1 ,_, Polynesians_NN2 ,_, Islanders_NN2 ,_, are_VBR *"_" ethnic_JJ **"_" :_: they_PPHS2 are_VBR *"_" ethnic_JJ **"_" and_CC *"_" minority_NN1 **"_" (_( minor_JJ meaning_NN1 less_RRR than_CSN )_) ,_, such_DA words_NN2 carrying_VVG connotations_NN2 of_IO *"_" primitive_NN1 **"_" and_CC *"_" inferior_JJ **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL Now_RT ,_, in_II the_AT same_DA way_NN1 that_CST Irish_JJ Catholics_NN2 denigrated_VVD the_AT English_JJ by_II applying_VVG derogatory_JJ labels_NN2 to_II them_PPHO2 ,_, so_CS are_VBR these_DD2 labels_NN2 one_MC1 way_NN1 of_IO maintaining_VVG the_AT Pakeha_NP1 reality_NN1 and_CC of_IO telling_VVG themselves_PPX2 that_CST *1_NULL they_PPHS2 *0_NULL are_VBR *1_NULL not_XX *0_NULL like_II *1_NULL that_DD1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL They_PPHS2 are_VBR ,_, in_II fact_NN1 ,_, aspects_NN2 of_IO Pakeha_NP1 ethnicity_NN1 ,_, aspects_NN2 of_IO the_AT construction_NN1 of_IO the_AT Pakeha_NP1 identity_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 are_VBR ways_NN2 of_IO being_VBG Pakeha_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Given_VVN Pakeha_NP1 dominance_NN1 ,_, the_AT asymmetrical_JJ power_NN1 relations_NN2 ,_, and_CC the_AT monocultural_JJ nature_NN1 of_IO most_DAT New_NP Zealand_NP1 institutions_NN2 ,_, then_RT it_PPH1 is_VBZ not_XX surprising_JJ that_CST the_AT dynamic_NN1 of_IO inclusion_NN1 and_CC exclusion_NN1 is_VBZ expressed_VVN entirely_RR in_II Pakeha_NP1 terms_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Assimilationist_JJ and_CC integrationist_NN1 ideologies_NN2 are_VBR being_VBG expressed_VVN when_RRQ people_NN who_PNQS draw_VV0 attention_NN1 to_II difference_NN1 or_CC who_PNQS express_VV0 needs_NN2 and_CC expectations_NN2 different_JJ from_II the_AT mainstream_NN1 are_VBR berated_VVN as_RG being_VBG divisive_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL As_CSA if_CS ignoring_VVG differences_NN2 will_VM make_VVI them_PPHO2 go_NN1 away_RL ._. ^ ^_NULL While_CS on_II the_AT other_JJ hand_NN1 ,_, using_VVG labels_NN2 as_CSA I_PPIS1 've_VH0 stated_VVN above_RL ,_, and_CC also_RR stereotypes_VVZ ,_, excludes_VVZ those_DD2 who_PNQS *1_NULL are_VBR *0_NULL different_JJ ,_, but_CCB in_II Pakeha_NP1 terms_NN2 and_CC Pakeha_NP1 perceptions_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX are_VBR three_MC specific_JJ instances_NN2 of_IO King_NN1 being_VBG Pakeha_NP1 in_II this_DD1 way_NN1 that_CST I_PPIS1 would_VM like_VVI to_TO draw_VVI attention_NN1 to_II ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT first_MD of_IO these_DD2 is_VBZ his_APPGE definition_NN1 that_CST Pakeha_NP1 *"_" denotes_VVZ a_AT1 non-Maori_JJ New_JJ Zealander_NP1 **"_" (_( \_NULL p_ZZ1 12_MC )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL Is_VBZ this_RG really_RR so_RR ?_? ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 's_VBZ a_AT1 nice_JJ neat_JJ academic_JJ generalisation_NN1 but_CCB does_VDZ it_PPH1 fit_VVI the_AT reality_NN1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL Are_VBR ,_, for_REX21 instance_REX22 ,_, Chinese-speaking_JJ New_JJ Zealanders_NP1 Pakeha_NP1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL Do_VD0 they_PPHS2 label_VVI themselves_PPX2 as_CSA such_DA ?_? ^ ^_NULL What_DDQ about_II Indians_NN2 ,_, Vietnamese_NP2 ,_, Tongans_NP1 ,_, Samoan_NP1 ,_, Dutch_JJ ,_, Yugoslavs_NP1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL New_JJ Zealanders_NP1 ,_, yes_UH ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB Pakeha_NP1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL Would_VM most_RRT of_IO those_DD2 who_PNQS ,_, like_II King_NN1 ,_, assume_VV0 the_AT label_NN1 Pakeha_NP1 ,_, accept_VV0 this_DD1 general_NN1 lumping_VVG together_RL of_IO so_RG many_DA2 diverse_JJ people_NN ?_? ^ ^_NULL What_DDQ King_NN1 is_VBZ doing_VDG ,_, of_RR21 course_RR22 ,_, is_VBZ equating_VVG Pakeha_NP1 with_IW New_JJ Zealander_NP1 and_CC this_DD1 is_VBZ a_AT1 classic_JJ example_NN1 of_IO Pakeha_NP1 ethnicity_NN1 ;_; and_CC where_RRQ does_VDZ that_DD1 leave_VVI Maori_NP1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 actually_RR seems_VVZ to_TO be_VBI offering_VVG them_PPHO2 separate_JJ national_JJ status_NN1 if_CS his_APPGE definition_NN1 is_VBZ accepted_VVN !_! ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 definition_NN1 is_VBZ pernicious_JJ but_CCB certainly_RR in_II31 keeping_II32 with_II33 his_APPGE book_NN1 's_VBZ title_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II the_AT second_MD instance_NN1 he_PPHS1 applies_VVZ a_AT1 similar_JJ mechanism_NN1 to_II *1_NULL all_DB *0_NULL people_NN living_VVG in_II these_DD2 islands_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 refer_VV0 to_II the_AT opening_NN1 sentence_NN1 of_IO Chapter_NN1 one_MC1 which_DDQ states_VVZ :_: *"_" ^_NULL In_II a_AT1 country_NN1 inhabited_VVD for_IF a_AT1 mere_JJ one_MC1 thousand_NNO years_NNT2 ,_, everybody_PN1 is_VBZ an_AT1 immigrant_JJ or_CC a_AT1 descendant_NN1 of_IO immigrants_NN2 **"_" (_( \_NULL p_ZZ1 14_MC )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL On_II the_AT surface_NN1 an_AT1 innocuous_JJ opening_NN1 sentence_NN1 *-_- an_AT1 accepted_JJ literary_JJ practice_NN1 in_II fact_NN1 to_TO go_VVI from_II the_AT general_NN1 to_II the_AT particular_JJ *-_- in_II this_DD1 case_NN1 it_PPH1 leads_VVZ into_II King_NN1 talking_VVG about_II his_APPGE own_DA ancestors_NN2 and_CC family_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL However_RR ,_, given_VVN the_AT1 context_NN1 in_II which_DDQ he_PPHS1 is_VBZ writing_VVG it_PPH1 seems_VVZ to_II me_PPIO1 to_TO be_VBI somewhat_RR insensitive_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Statements_NN2 like_II that_DD1 do_VD0 not_XX create_VVI a_AT1 sense_NN1 of_IO national_JJ identity_NN1 and_CC only_RR serve_VV0 to_TO deny_VVI everybody_PN1 's_GE heritage_NN1 and_CC history_NN1 *-_- which_DDQ ,_, of_RR21 course_RR22 ,_, is_VBZ what_DDQ many_DA2 Pakeha_NP1 would_VM like_VVI ,_, so_CS31 long_CS32 as_CS33 it_PPH1 's_VBZ not_XX their_APPGE own_DA that_CST is_VBZ being_VBG denied_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 *"_" mere_JJ **"_" one_MC1 thousand_NNO years_NNT2 implies_VVZ that_CST the_AT 750_MC to_II 800_MC years_NNT2 of_IO Maori_JJ occupation_NN1 and_CC possession_NN1 of_IO Aotearoa_NP1 were_VBDR insufficient_JJ grounds_NN2 for_IF them_PPHO2 to_TO claim_VVI tangata_NN1 whenua_NN1 status_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC how_RGQ many_DA2 Pakeha_NP1 I_PPIS1 wonder_VV0 would_VM want_VVI to_TO claim_VVI this_DD1 commonality_NN1 which_DDQ denies_VVZ their_APPGE origins_NN2 and_CC heritage_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB ,_, again_RT ,_, it_PPH1 's_VBZ a_AT1 Pakeha_NP1 denying_VVG ,_, albeit_CS unwittingly_RR I_PPIS1 'm_VBM sure_JJ ,_, the_AT tangata_NN1 whenua_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT third_MD instance_NN1 of_IO being_VBG Pakeha_NP1 that_CST I_PPIS1 would_VM draw_VVI attention_NN1 to_II is_VBZ on_II page_NN1 12_MC where_RRQ King_NN1 is_VBZ explaining_VVG the_AT rationale_NN1 for_IF his_APPGE book_NN1 :_: *"_" ..._... it_PPH1 becomes_VVZ a_AT1 personal_JJ account_NN1 of_IO Pakeha-Maori_NP1 interaction_NN1 ,_, because_CS only_RR at_II the_AT points_NN2 of_IO such_DA interaction_NN1 can_VM Maori_JJ things_NN2 be_VBI defined_VVN as_RG Maori_JJ and_CC Pakeha_NP1 as_CSA Pakeha_NP1 ..._... **"_" ^ ^_NULL Now_RT this_DD1 is_VBZ a_AT1 particularly_RR western_JJ academic_JJ view_NN1 ,_, reflecting_VVG shades_NN2 of_IO Levi-Strauss_NP1 and_CC his_APPGE structuralism_NN1 ,_, of_IO the_AT way_NN1 reality_NN1 is_VBZ constructed_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ also_RR a_AT1 particularly_RR Pakeha_NP1 dynamic_JJ ,_, part_NN1 of_IO the_AT white_JJ European_JJ coloniser_NN1 heritage_NN1 ,_, that_CST the_AT coloniser_NN1 required_VVD the_AT *"_" inferior_JJ **"_" ,_, *"_" primitive_NN1 **"_" ,_, *"_" simple_JJ **"_" people_NN and_CC societies_NN2 in_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO convince_VVI himself_PPX1 that_CST he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ none_PN of_IO those_DD2 things_NN2 and_CC in_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO assume_VVI the_AT *"_" white_JJ man_NN1 's_VBZ burden_NN1 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ a_AT1 reflection_NN1 of_IO Anglo-Saxon_JJ *1_NULL dependence_NN1 *0_NULL on_II conflict_NN1 and_CC challenge_NN1 *-_- after_II all_DB they_PPHS2 've_VH0 been_VBN doing_VDG it_PPH1 for_IF about_RG fifteen_MC hundred_NNO years_NNT2 and_CC it_PPH1 's_VHZ become_VVN a_AT1 habit_NN1 *-_- in_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO give_VVI themselves_PPX2 validity_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ also_RR ,_, of_RR21 course_RR22 ,_, another_DD1 denial_NN1 of_IO Maoritanga_NP1 ;_; the_AT arrogant_JJ assumption_NN1 that_CST things_NN2 Maori_NP1 do_VD0 not_XX and_CC can_VM not_XX exist_VVI outside_II the_AT Maori/_FO Pakeha_NP1 context_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ also_RR implying_VVG that_CST Pakeha_NP1 culture_NN1 has_VHZ no_AT substance_NN1 outside_II21 of_II22 a_AT1 conflict_NN1 situation_NN1 and_CC this_DD1 is_VBZ probably_RR the_AT more_RGR believable_JJ aspect_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 would_VM not_XX deny_VVI that_CST the_AT interaction_NN1 of_IO the_AT last_MD 200_MC years_NNT2 has_VHZ changed_VVN Maori_JJ society_NN and_CC culture_NN1 *-_- even_RR to_II the_AT point_NN1 of_IO creating_VVG the_AT label_NN1 Maori_NP1 *-_- drastically_RR ,_, and_CC that_CST it_PPH1 has_VHZ also_RR certainly_RR had_VHN its_APPGE effects_NN2 on_II the_AT colonisers_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB Maori_JJ things_NN2 ,_, whatever_DDQV they_PPHS2 may_VM be_VBI *-_- King_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX specific_JJ *-_- did_VDD and_CC do_VD0 exist_VVI and_CC flourish_VVI well_RR away_II21 from_II22 Pakeha_NP1 influence_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL These_DD2 three_MC examples_NN2 I_PPIS1 have_VH0 quoted_VVN appear_VV0 innocuous_JJ and_CC harmless_JJ on_II the_AT surface_NN1 *-_- after_II all_DB we_PPIS2 hear_VV0 similar_JJ every_AT1 day_NNT1 and_CC think_VV0 nothing_PN1 of_IO it_PPH1 *-_- but_CCB that_DD1 's_VBZ just_RR the_AT point_NN1 of_RR21 course_RR22 ._. ^ ^_NULL These_DD2 are_VBR Pakeha_NP1 ways_NN2 of_IO looking_VVG at_II the_AT world_NN1 ;_; they_PPHS2 are_VBR examples_NN2 of_IO Pakeha_NP1 ethnicity_NN1 ;_; examples_NN2 of_IO *1_NULL being_VBG Pakeha_NP1 *0_NULL which_DDQ serve_VV0 to_TO reinforce_VVI the_AT Pakeha_NP1 reality_NN1 and_CC in_RP so_CS doing_NN1 deny_VV0 the_AT diversity_NN1 of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 society_NN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II addressing_VVG the_AT second_MD theme_NN1 ,_, that_DD1 of_IO the_AT relationship_NN1 of_IO the_AT individual_NN1 to_II society_NN ,_, I_PPIS1 am_VBM not_XX concerned_JJ so_RG much_DA1 with_IW the_AT idiosyncrasies_NN2 of_IO Michael_NP1 King_NP1 ,_, Pakeha_NP1 historian_NN1 and_CC writer_NN1 ,_, but_CCB with_IW what_DDQ his_APPGE portrayals_NN2 of_IO himself_PPX1 reflect_NN1 about_II Pakeha_NP1 society_NN in_RR21 general_RR22 and_CC about_II being_VBG a_AT1 Pakeha_NP1 individual_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 think_VV0 it_PPH1 's_VBZ important_JJ to_TO bear_VVI in_II mind_NN1 that_CST this_DD1 book_NN1 ,_, in_II portraying_VVG the_AT past_NN1 ,_, is_VBZ written_VVN with_IW hindsight_NN1 and_CC retrospect_NN1 and_CC in_II a_AT1 particular_JJ context_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL King_NN1 is_VBZ writing_VVG *1_NULL now_RT *0_NULL as_II a_AT1 Pakeha_NP1 about_II events_NN2 where_RRQ he_PPHS1 felt_VVD himself_PPX1 to_TO be_VBI more_RGR Irish_JJ Catholic_NN1 than_CSN anything_PN1 else_RR and_CC where_RRQ the_AT label_NN1 Pakeha_NP1 probably_RR had_VHN a_AT1 different_JJ meaning_NN1 from_II that_DD1 which_DDQ it_PPH1 has_VHZ today_RT ._. ^ ^_NULL What_DDQ I_PPIS1 mean_VV0 is_VBZ that_CST King_NP1 's_GE memories_NN2 and_CC perceptions_NN2 of_IO the_AT past_NN1 are_VBR ,_, one_PN1 would_VM expect_VVI ,_, coloured_VVN by_II the_AT context_NN1 in_II which_DDQ he_PPHS1 is_VBZ writing_VVG now_RT and_CC by_II his_APPGE motivation_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Given_VVN this_DD1 situation_NN1 I_ZZ1 ,_, as_II a_AT1 reader_NN1 ,_, would_VM expect_VVI more_DAR of_IO a_AT1 dialogue_NN1 with_IW the_AT past_JJ than_CSN there_EX is_VBZ in_II the_AT book_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT past_NN1 is_VBZ in_II the_AT present_NN1 and_CC the_AT present_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT past_NN1 after_II all_DB and_CC I_PPIS1 would_VM expect_VVI an_AT1 analytical_JJ historian's-eye-view_NN2 on_II the_AT events_NN2 he_PPHS1 is_VBZ describing_VVG ,_, especially_RR as_II he_PPHS1 states_VVZ that_CST he_PPHS1 has_VHZ placed_VVN his_APPGE *"_" experiences_NN2 in_II cultural_JJ and_CC historical_JJ context_NN1 **"_" (_( \_NULL p_ZZ1 12_MC )_) ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL What_DDQ I_PPIS1 am_VBM referring_VVG to_II is_VBZ his_APPGE apolitical_JJ and_CC unquestioning_JJ descriptions_NN2 of_IO past_JJ events_NN2 and_CC it_PPH1 is_VBZ this_DD1 particular_JJ stance_NN1 that_REX21 is_REX22 ,_, I_PPIS1 think_VV0 ,_, another_DD1 way_NN1 of_IO being_VBG Pakeha_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL That_REX21 is_REX22 ,_, King_NN1 describes_VVZ events_NN2 during_II his_APPGE childhood_NN1 and_CC schooling_NN1 but_CCB does_VDZ not_XX explain_VVI or_CC question_NN1 the_AT context_NN1 of_IO those_DD2 events_NN2 which_DDQ allowed_VVD them_PPHO2 to_TO be_VBI the_AT normal_JJ ,_, acceptable_JJ and_CC accepted_VVD ,_, unremarked-on_JJ things_NN2 of_IO the_AT time_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL For_REX21 instance_REX22 ,_, he_PPHS1 describes_VVZ happenings_NN2 such_DA as_II the_AT elderly_JJ woman_NN1 's_VBZ *"_" dirty_JJ Maoris_NP2 **"_" comment_NN1 (_( \_NULL p_ZZ1 42_MC )_) ,_, the_AT separation_NN1 of_IO pa_NN1 and_CC Pakeha_NP1 children_NN2 after_II school_NN1 ,_, Maori_JJ children_NN2 recounting_VVG stories_NN2 in_II oratorial_JJ style_NN1 in_II English_JJ ;_; he_PPHS1 comments_VVZ on_II *"_" ethnic_JJ **"_" mix_NN1 or_CC its_APPGE lack_NN1 ;_; the_AT Euro-centred_JJ history_NN1 classes_NN2 and_CC his_APPGE own_DA expeditions_NN2 into_II the_AT countryside_NN1 to_TO discover_VVI the_AT historical_JJ landscape_NN1 of_IO Aotearoa_NP1 ;_; the_AT disinterested_JJ reaction_NN1 to_II his_APPGE find_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 argellite_NN1 chisel_NN1 (_( \_NULL p_ZZ1 46_MC )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL At_II the_AT time_NNT1 some_DD of_IO these_DD2 things_NN2 were_VBDR *"_" puzzling_VVG **"_" or_CC he_PPHS1 *"_" sensed_VVD it_PPH1 would_VM be_VBI embarrassing_JJ to_TO ask_VVI anybody_PN1 why_RRQ this_DD1 was_VBDZ so_RR **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL So_RR what_DDQ was_VBDZ the_AT context_NN1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL What_DDQ games_NN2 of_IO supression_NN1 and_CC repression_NN1 were_VBDR being_VBG played_VVN to_TO prevent_VVI questions_NN2 being_VBG asked_VVN ?_? ^ ^_NULL Why_RRQ were_VBDR the_AT stories_NN2 in_II English_JJ and_CC not_XX Maori_JJ ?_? ^ ^_NULL Why_RRQ was_VBDZ no_AT interest_NN1 shown_VVN in_II his_APPGE archaeological_JJ finds_NN2 ?_? ^ ^_NULL Why_RRQ is_VBZ King_NN1 not_XX asking_VVG these_DD2 types_NN2 of_IO questions_NN2 ?_? ^ ^_NULL As_II an_AT1 historian_NN1 writing_VVG about_II his_APPGE own_DA past_NN1 in_II a_AT1 book_NN1 which_DDQ is_VBZ about_II being_VBG Pakeha_NP1 ,_, I_PPIS1 would_VM have_VHI expected_VVN this_DD1 sort_NN1 of_IO exercise_NN1 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 225+TEXT+G38_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL All_DB the_AT foregoing_NN1 implies_VVZ a_AT1 budget_NN1 much_RR greater_JJR than_CSN the_AT Literary_JJ Fund_NN1 's_VBZ *+_NULL $250,000_NNU ._. ^ ^_NULL Of_RR21 course_RR22 it_PPH1 does_VDZ ._. ^ ^_NULL Last_MD year_NNT1 ,_, the_AT Arts_NN2 Council_NNJ gave_VVD *+_NULL $750,000_NNU away_RL in_II the_AT field_NN1 of_IO fine_JJ arts_NN2 alone_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Yet_RR top_JJ New_NP Zealand_NP1 artists_NN2 ,_, unlike_JJ top_JJ writers_NN2 ,_, can_VM expect_VVI to_TO *-_- and_CC do_VD0 *-_- make_VVI a_AT1 very_RG good_JJ living_NN1 out_II21 of_II22 their_APPGE painting_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Why_RRQ is_VBZ literature_NN1 ,_, in_II its_APPGE widest_JJT sense_NN1 ,_, being_VBG impoverished_VVN ?_? ^ ^_NULL The_AT Government_NNJ has_VHZ a_AT1 choice_NN1 to_TO make_VVI :_: either_DD1 it_PPH1 wants_VVZ a_AT1 vigorous_JJ literature_NN1 ,_, or_CC it_PPH1 does_VDZ n't_XX ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT beginnings_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN funded_VVN almost_RR entirely_RR by_II individuals_NN2 *-_- small_JJ ,_, unsubsidized_JJ companies_NN2 ,_, and_CC writers_NN2 eking_VVG it_PPH1 out_RP in_II difficult_JJ circumstances_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ no_AT reason_NN1 at_RR21 all_RR22 to_TO assume_VVI that_CST this_DD1 will_VM continue_VVI ,_, and_CC once_RR it_PPH1 is_VBZ gone_VVN ,_, it_PPH1 will_VM be_VBI *1_NULL very_RG *0_NULL hard_JJ to_TO revive_VVI ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL The_AT {_NULL N.Z._NP }_NULL Short_NP1 Story_NN1 :_: from_II Flux_NP1 to_II Ashes_NP1 to_II Innocence_NN1 *>_NULL ^ *<_NULL *2_NULL ELIZABETH_NP1 SMITHER_NP1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL IN_II *0_NULL 1980_MC ,_, with_IW David_NP Hill_NNL1 ,_, I_PPIS1 compiled_VVD a_AT1 book_NN1 of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 writing_VVG from_II the_AT 1970s_MC2 called_VVD *1_NULL The_AT Seventies_MC2 Connection_NN1 *0_NULL (_( McIndoe_NP1 )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL My_APPGE contribution_NN1 to_II it_PPH1 was_VBDZ small_JJ :_: selecting_VVG the_AT poetry_NN1 ,_, and_CC to_TO compensate_VVI for_IF it_PPH1 ,_, and_CC for_IF my_APPGE inability_NN1 to_TO arrange_VVI the_AT contents_NN2 in_II any_DD sort_NN1 of_IO convincing_JJ order_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 undertook_VVD to_TO do_VDI the_AT proof-reading_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Almost_RR the_AT first_MD piece_NN1 I_PPIS1 read_VVD had_VHD a_AT1 page_NN1 missing_VVG ,_, so_CS I_PPIS1 read_VVD with_IW a_AT1 combination_NN1 of_IO fear_NN1 and_CC fascination_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL What_DDQ I_PPIS1 remember_VV0 most_RRT about_II the_AT stories_NN2 was_VBDZ how_RRQ few_DA2 of_IO them_PPHO2 seemed_VVD to_TO lead_VVI anywhere_RL ,_, and_CC though_CS there_EX were_VBDR manifest_JJ abilities_NN2 often_RR an_AT1 illustration_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 seemed_VVD to_TO suffice_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ like_II being_VBG taken_VVN for_IF a_AT1 walk_NN1 full_JJ of_IO sights_NN2 and_CC smells_NN2 and_CC ending_VVG up_RP at_II the_AT corner_NN1 dairy_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Or_CC perhaps_RR skimming_VVG over_II the_AT Canterbury_NP1 Plains_NN2 and_CC hearing_VVG someone_PN1 say_VVI one_MC1 sheep_NN to_II the_AT acre_NNU1 or_CC ten_MC acres_NNU2 for_IF one_MC1 sheep_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC instead_II21 of_II22 sheep_NN ,_, substituting_VVG one_MC1 image_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL A_AT1 more_RGR recent_JJ reading_NN1 of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 short_JJ stories_NN2 has_VHZ given_VVN me_PPIO1 another_DD1 image_NN1 :_: a_AT1 kind_NN1 of_IO innocence_NN1 in_II many_DA2 ,_, not_XX all_DB ,_, of_IO the_AT writers_NN2 and_CC this_DD1 over-rides_VVZ the_AT image_NN1 which_DDQ is_VBZ often_RR very_RG fine_JJ ,_, as_CSA in_II Michael_NP1 Gifkins_NP1 '_GE story_NN1 *'_" After_II the_AT Revolution_NN1 **'_" :_: *'_" the_AT poignant_JJ marbling_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 varicose_JJ vein_NN1 behind_II one_MC1 slender_JJ knee_NN1 **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL If_CS my_APPGE earlier_JJR impression_NN1 was_VBDZ often_RR that_CST the_AT image_NN1 led_VVD nowhere_RL ,_, perhaps_RR because_CS the_AT writer_NN1 felt_VVD unable_JJ to_TO make_VVI use_NN1 of_IO it_PPH1 ,_, to_TO link_VVI one_MC1 sheep_NN ,_, one_MC1 wide_JJ paddock_NN1 with_IW the_AT next_MD ,_, with_IW the_AT sheep_NN inside_RL ,_, the_AT new_JJ impression_NN1 was_VBDZ perhaps_RR the_AT result_NN1 of_IO polish_NN1 showing_VVG something_PN1 threadbare_JJ not_XX in_II the_AT writing_NN1 but_CCB in_II the_AT perspective_NN1 :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Our_APPGE best_JJT short_JJ story_NN1 writers_NN2 *-_- I_PPIS1 am_VBM presuming_VVG they_PPHS2 are_VBR our_APPGE least_DAT innocent_NN1 *-_- seem_VV0 to_TO develop_VVI best_RRT on_II a_AT1 kind_NN1 of_IO {_NULL O.E._NP }_NULL ^_NULL Katherine_NP1 Mansfield_NP1 ,_, I_PPIS1 feel_VV0 ,_, could_VM not_XX have_VHI written_VVN *'_" {_NULL Je_JJ ne_NN1 parle_JJ pas_NN2 Franc_NNU1 *?_NULL 6ais_FO }_NULL **'_" in_II the_AT tearooms_NN2 at_II Kirkcaldies_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT idea_NN1 that_CST one_MC1 nation_NN1 of_IO writers_NN2 needs_VVZ {_NULL O.E._NP }_NULL to_TO write_VVI good_JJ stories_NN2 is_VBZ of_RR21 course_RR22 preposterous_JJ ,_, but_CCB I_PPIS1 offer_VV0 as_II a_AT1 very_RG faint_JJ (_( dust-covered_JJ sheep_NN in_II a_AT1 dust-covered_JJ paddock_NN1 ,_, one_MC1 to_II ten_MC acres_NNU2 )_) theory_NN1 that_CST our_APPGE best_JJT short_JJ story_NN1 writers_NN2 are_VBR those_DD2 who_PNQS make_VV0 some_DD attempt_NN1 to_TO meet_VVI this_DD1 innocence_NN1 head_NN1 on_RP ,_, who_PNQS offer_VV0 it_PPH1 a_AT1 milieu_NN1 in_II which_DDQ it_PPH1 can_VM be_VBI tested_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 milieu_NN1 may_VM be_VBI the_AT post-modern_JJ ,_, it_PPH1 may_VM be_VBI the_AT experience_NN1 of_IO another_DD1 gender_NN1 (_( Fiona_NP1 Kidman_NP1 only_RR goes_VVZ to_II her_APPGE local_JJ hairdressing_NN1 salon_NN1 )_) ,_, it_PPH1 may_VM be_VBI a_AT1 straight_JJ narrative_NN1 such_II21 as_II22 {_NULL C._NP1 K._NP1 }_NULL Stead_NP1 's_GE *'_" A_AT1 New_NP Zealand_NP1 Elegy_NN1 **'_" told_VVN with_IW a_AT1 harder_JJR adult_NN1 's_VBZ veracity_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Janet_NP1 Frame_NN1 tells_VVZ it_PPH1 from_II the_AT inside_NN1 ,_, so_CS the_AT reader_NN1 of_IO *'_" The_AT Painter_NN1 **'_" feels_VVZ an_AT1 itch_NN1 to_TO get_VVI a_AT1 paint_NN1 brush_NN1 and_CC be_VBI a_AT1 housepainter_NN1 and_CC count_VV0 the_AT week-ends_NNT2 it_PPH1 will_VM occupy_VVI (_( bliss_NN1 against_II sterility_NN1 )_) like_II an_AT1 author_NN1 counting_VVG words_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX seems_VVZ no_AT barrier_NN1 to_II the_AT way_NN1 this_DD1 innocence_NN1 can_VM be_VBI dealt_VVN with_IW (_( mock-smothered_JJ like_II the_AT Princes_NN2 in_II the_AT Tower_NP1 ,_, and_CC then_RT the_AT pillow_NN1 is_VBZ lifted_VVN and_CC they_PPHS2 wake_VV0 up_RP ,_, shaken_VVN and_CC more_RGR wily_JJ diplomats_NN2 on_II the_AT spot_NN1 )_) ,_, but_CCB the_AT stories_NN2 that_CST satisfied_VVD me_PPIO1 least_RRT still_JJ did_VDD the_AT earlier_JJR thing_NN1 :_: led_VVD the_AT reader_NN1 by_II the_AT nose_NN1 ,_, pointed_VVD out_RP the_AT odd_JJ corruption_NN1 of_IO the_AT world_NN1 and_CC forgot_VVD to_TO include_VVI the_AT writer_NN1 in_II it_PPH1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II *'_" {_NULL Je_NP1 ne_NN1 parle_JJ pas_NN2 Franc_NNU1 *?_NULL 6ais_FO }_NULL **'_" Mouse_NN1 ,_, Raoul_NP1 ,_, and_CC Dick_NP1 are_VBR whirled_VVN around_RP in_II a_AT1 situation_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 setting_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Mouse_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX bigger_JJR than_CSN Paris_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Paris_NP1 wins_VVZ ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT very_JJ ineffectualness_NN1 of_IO the_AT characters_NN2 gives_VVZ the_AT story_NN1 poignancy_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 seems_VVZ to_II me_PPIO1 one_MC1 of_IO the_AT underlying_JJ ploys_NN2 ,_, strengths_NN2 if_CS you_PPY like_VV0 ,_, of_IO the_AT short_JJ story_NN1 ,_, lending_VVG both_DB2 demands_NN2 to_II its_APPGE construction_NN1 and_CC beauty_NN1 when_CS it_PPH1 succeeds_VVZ ._. ^ ^_NULL As_CS21 though_CS22 it_PPH1 is_VBZ a_AT1 construct_NN1 of_IO proportion_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL When_CS the_AT narrator_NN1 retains_VVZ his_APPGE innocence_NN1 ,_, however_RGQV much_DA1 he_PPHS1 may_VM illustrate_VVI his_APPGE vision_NN1 ,_, he_PPHS1 somehow_RR spoils_VVZ the_AT story_NN1 ,_, as_CS21 though_CS22 he_PPHS1 has_VHZ claimed_VVN an_AT1 unfair_JJ advantage_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II his_APPGE introduction_NN1 to_II Milan_NP1 Kundera_NP1 's_GE *1_NULL Laughable_NP1 Loves_NP1 *0_NULL Philip_NP1 Roth_NP1 talks_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 story_NN1 in_II the_AT collection_NN1 **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL While_CS I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ reading_VVG these_DD2 lines_NN2 I_PPIS1 found_VVD myself_PPX1 thinking_VVG of_IO Russell_NP1 Haley_NP1 's_GE story_NN1 *'_" The_AT Stolen_JJ Tables_NN2 **'_" which_DDQ involves_VVZ a_AT1 table_NN1 that_CST dies_VVZ and_CC possibly_RR ,_, since_CS form_NN1 has_VHZ no_AT theoretical_JJ restrictions_NN2 ,_, *'_" the_AT quiet_JJ deep_JJ sigh_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 pure_JJ and_CC human_JJ heart_NN1 **'_" which_DDQ Gorky_NP1 found_VVD in_II Chekhov_NP1 ,_, could_VM emanate_VVI from_II a_AT1 table_NN1 to_TO correspond_VVI with_IW the_AT incapacity_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 human_JJ character_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ a_AT1 less_RGR innocent_JJ story_NN1 than_CSN many_DA2 others_NN2 and_CC indeed_RR Russell_NP1 Haley_NP1 has_VHZ an_AT1 almost_RR traditional_JJ notion_NN1 of_IO the_AT short_JJ story_NN1 *-_- *'_" ^_NULL I_PPIS1 wrote_VVD it_PPH1 on_II a_AT1 napkin_NN1 at_II a_AT1 restaurant_NN1 **'_" *-_- *1_NULL a_AT1 moment_NN1 of_IO crisis_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL In_II the_AT Chekhovian_JJ or_CC Maupassant_NP1 story_NN1 a_AT1 definite_JJ philosophy_NN1 is_VBZ at_II work_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ not_XX specifically_RR the_AT philosophy_NN1 of_IO Maupassant_NP1 or_CC Chekhov_NP1 ;_; it_PPH1 is_VBZ rather_RR the_AT distillation_NN1 of_IO some_DD peculiarly_RR Russian_JJ conclusions_NN2 ,_, handed_VVD on_RP from_II decade_NNT1 to_II decade_NNT1 ,_, or_CC a_AT1 European_JJ consciousness_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Against_II this_DD1 ,_, as_II21 against_II22 a_AT1 detailed_JJ or_CC fuzzed_JJ background_NN1 to_II a_AT1 painting_NN1 ,_, the_AT foreground_NN1 is_VBZ played_VVN out_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL Chekhov_NP1 's_GE flux_NN1 and_CC Maupassant_NP1 's_GE ashes_NN2 come_VV0 from_II a_AT1 long_JJ line_NN1 of_IO such_DA feelings_NN2 ,_, so_CS their_APPGE stories_NN2 are_VBR simply_RR illustrations_NN2 of_IO them_PPHO2 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 concentrate_VV0 on_II the_AT foreground_NN1 ,_, as_CSA we_PPIS2 do_VD0 in_II Mansfield_NP1 ,_, as_II an_AT1 example_NN1 of_IO something_PN1 infinitely_RR more_RGR vast_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 has_VHZ something_PN1 of_IO the_AT structure_NN1 of_IO the_AT novel_NN1 in_II the_AT background_NN1 in_II the_AT same_DA way_NN1 that_CST Pierre_NP1 in_II *1_NULL War_NN1 and_CC Peace_NN1 *0_NULL wandered_VVD over_II the_AT background_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 battle_NN1 and_CC noticed_VVD flowers_NN2 growing_VVG among_II the_AT cannons_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC it_PPH1 is_VBZ perhaps_RR this_DD1 lack_NN1 which_DDQ has_VHZ concentrated_VVN the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 short_JJ story_NN1 so_RG far_RR ,_, with_IW a_DD221 few_DD222 exceptions_NN2 ,_, in_II ways_NN2 that_CST suggest_VV0 thinness_NN1 and_CC an_AT1 oblique_JJ approach_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Mostly_RR it_PPH1 seems_VVZ this_DD1 is_VBZ the_AT fault_NN1 of_IO the_AT narrator_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Nor_CC are_VBR New_NP Zealand_NP1 short_JJ stories_NN2 short_VV0 on_II theory_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 are_VBR often_RR to_TO be_VBI found_VVN embedded_VVD in_II the_AT text_NN1 :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL As_CC31 well_CC32 as_CC33 leaving_VVG clues_NN2 in_II the_AT text_NN1 the_AT practitioners_NN2 of_IO the_AT short_JJ story_NN1 often_RR have_VH0 definitions_NN2 of_IO it_PPH1 based_VVN on_II their_APPGE own_DA technique_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Fiona_NP1 Kidman_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS continues_VVZ in_II the_AT tradition_NN1 if_CS not_XX the_AT style_NN1 of_IO Mansfield_NP1 's_GE *'_" Bliss_NN1 **'_" *-_- contemporary_JJ marriage_NN1 and_CC manners_NN2 *-_- speaks_VVZ of_IO the_AT short_JJ story_NN1 as_II *'_" an_AT1 illuminating_JJ core_NN1 of_IO meaning_NN1 **'_" existing_VVG inside_II a_AT1 framework_NN1 ,_, not_XX unlike_II a_AT1 corset_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT necessity_NN1 of_IO moving_VVG very_RG quickly_RR towards_II this_DD1 core_NN1 *-_- again_RT the_AT simile_NN1 of_IO the_AT corset_NN1 holds_VVZ since_CS the_AT wearer_NN1 is_VBZ likely_JJ to_TO be_VBI short_JJ of_IO breath_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *'_" Affairs_NN2 between_II fenceposts_NN2 and_CC featherdusters_NN2 **'_" is_VBZ her_APPGE description_NN1 of_IO the_AT story_NN1 where_RRQ objects_NN2 are_VBR given_VVN more_DAR importance_NN1 than_CSN characterization_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Russell_NP1 Haley_NP1 too_RR thinks_VVZ of_IO *'_" moments_NN2 of_IO crisis_NN1 **'_" but_CCB more_RGR particularly_RR of_IO the_AT vital_JJ first_MD sentence_NN1 which_DDQ acts_VVZ in_II the_AT position_NN1 of_IO the_AT boy_NN1 with_IW his_APPGE finger_NN1 in_II the_AT dyke_NN1 *-_- holding_VVG back_RP a_AT1 flood_NN1 of_IO largely_RR unconscious_JJ material_NN1 which_DDQ assembles_VVZ behind_II it_PPH1 in_II the_AT manner_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 poem_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 considers_VVZ the_AT emphasis_NN1 in_II many_DA2 New_NP Zealand_NP1 short_JJ stories_NN2 on_II the_AT predetermined_JJ ending_NN1 as_CSA *'_" wrong-headed_JJ **'_" ,_, and_CC the_AT short_JJ story_NN1 as_CSA more_DAR of_IO an_AT1 excursion_NN1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL Whereas_CS Kidman_NP1 talks_NN2 of_IO the_AT short_JJ story_NN1 as_II the_AT *'_" touchstone_NN1 of_IO experience_NN1 **'_" Haley_NP1 describes_VVZ its_APPGE special_JJ attribute_NN1 as_II *'_" having_VHG no_AT division_NNJ between_II your_APPGE structure_NN1 and_CC your_APPGE content_NN1 **'_" and_CC *'_" the_AT characters_NN2 can_VM shift_VVI without_IW worrying_JJ **'_" about_II the_AT *'_" bridge-building_JJ **'_" mandatory_JJ in_II the_AT novel_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL For_IF Haley_NP1 it_PPH1 is_VBZ closer_JJR to_TO poetry_NN1 and_CC therefore_RR more_RGR abstract_JJ while_CS Kidman_NP1 finds_VVZ it_PPH1 a_AT1 more_RGR emotional_JJ vehicle_NN1 which_DDQ poetry_NN1 may_VM not_XX be_VBI ._. ^ ^_NULL Her_APPGE opinion_NN1 is_VBZ that_DD1 post-modernism_NN1 in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 poetry_NN1 has_VHZ attained_VVN a_AT1 higher_JJR level_NN1 and_CC most_DAT of_IO the_AT prose_NN1 is_VBZ still_RR at_II the_AT game-playing_JJ stage_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ some_DD evidence_NN1 for_IF this_DD1 :_: ^_NULL I_PPIS1 have_VH0 a_AT1 suspicion_NN1 that_CST the_AT novel_NN1 is_VBZ now_RT the_AT glamour_NN1 vehicle_NN1 *-_- it_PPH1 is_VBZ hard_JJ to_TO imagine_VVI a_AT1 short_JJ story_NN1 collection_NN1 attracting_VVG the_AT kind_NN1 of_IO attention_NN1 Keri_NP1 Hulme_NP1 's_VBZ *1_NULL the_AT bone_NN1 people_NN *0_NULL has_VHZ received_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Maupassant_NP1 is_VBZ supposed_JJ to_TO have_VHI learned_VVN the_AT art_NN1 of_IO *'_" seeing_VVG **'_" from_II Flaubert_NP1 's_GE :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL The_AT second_MD exercise_NN1 involved_VVD finding_VVG the_AT **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ a_AT1 far_RR remove_VV0 from_II the_AT novelist_NN1 who_PNQS desires_VVZ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL And_CC *'_" ^_NULL The_AT novelist_NN1 teaches_VVZ the_AT reader_NN1 to_TO comprehend_VVI the_AT world_NN1 as_II a_AT1 question_NN1 ._. ^ **'_" |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT curious_JJ ability_NN1 of_IO any_DD art_NN1 form_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO avoid_VVI orthodoxies_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ as_CS21 though_CS22 having_VHG an_AT1 art_NN1 form_NN1 cornered_VVD ,_, say_VV0 in_II a_AT1 small_JJ room_NN1 and_CC moving_VVG in_RP upon_II it_PPH1 with_IW a_AT1 label_NN1 (_( humanist-realist_NN1 or_CC post-modern_JJ )_) concealed_VVD in_II the_AT palm_NN1 of_IO the_AT hand_NN1 you_PPY intend_VV0 to_TO shake_VVI ,_, it_PPH1 does_VDZ n't_XX stick_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL Whereas_CS to_TO approach_VVI it_PPH1 from_II the_AT inside_NN1 ,_, address_NN1 it_PPH1 in_II its_APPGE own_DA language_NN1 ,_, attempt_NN1 to_TO write_VVI it_PPH1 ..._... and_CC its_APPGE Achilles_NP1 '_GE heel_NN1 insecurities_NN2 are_VBR instantly_RR and_CC rigorously_RR apparent_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT post-modern_JJ label_NN1 now_RT co-existing_VVG in_II the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 short_JJ story_NN1 with_IW the_AT humanist-realist_NN1 label_NN1 may_VM be_VBI nothing_PN1 more_DAR than_CSN a_AT1 generation_NN1 matter_NN1 as_CSA in_II Fiona_NP1 Kidman_NP1 's_GE *'_" A_AT1 Decade_NNT1 Woman_NN1 **'_" who_PNQS sees_VVZ a_AT1 much-needed_JJ and_CC reassuring_VVG direction_NN1 in_II each_DD1 new_JJ decade_NNT1 of_IO her_APPGE life_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Katherine_NP1 Mansfield_NP1 is_VBZ said_VVN to_TO have_VHI been_VBN influenced_VVN by_II Theocritus_NP1 to_TO create_VVI a_AT1 kind_NN1 of_IO bath_NN1 house_NN1 dialogue_NN1 while_CS Rome_NP1 burned_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC certainly_RR a_PN31 great_PN32 deal_PN33 can_VM be_VBI conveyed_VVN by_II the_AT cosiest_JJT of_IO chat_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT short_JJ story_NN1 somehow_RR revolves_VVZ on_II the_AT small_JJ ,_, words_NN2 and_CC the_AT choice_NN1 of_IO word_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 know_VV0 little_RR before_RT and_CC less_DAR after_II what_DDQ happens_VVZ to_II Mouse_NN1 ,_, but_CCB in_II the_AT moments_NN2 of_IO appearing_VVG she_PPHS1 attracts_VVZ a_AT1 weight_NN1 of_IO anguish_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Theories_NN2 tread_VV0 on_II the_AT shoulders_NN2 of_IO the_AT theory_NN1 below_II them_PPHO2 like_II Dr_NNB Seuss_NP1 's_GE turtles_NN2 and_CC the_AT lower_JJR down_NN1 become_VVN less_RGR seemly_RR with_IW no_AT view_NN1 and_CC dented_JJ shoulders_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB contrary_II21 to_II22 Michael_NP1 Morrissey_NP1 's_GE view_NN1 in_II his_APPGE prefatory_JJ novella_NN1 to_II his_APPGE anthology_NN1 *1_NULL The_AT New_JJ Fiction_NN1 *0_NULL (_( Lindon_NP1 1985_MC )_) ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ not_XX we_PPIS2 who_PNQS are_VBR ourselves_PPX2 and_CC *'_" not_XX another_DD1 thing_NN1 **'_" but_CCB the_AT short_JJ story_NN1 itself_PPX1 ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC moving_VVG from_II the_AT easily_RR recognised_JJ humanist-realist_NN1 (_( surely_RR one_MC1 word_NN1 towing_VVG another_DD1 like_JJ tow-truck_NN1 and_CC car_NN1 )_) to_II post-modernism_NN1 does_VDZ not_XX ensure_VVI that_CST the_AT limitations_NN2 of_IO one_PN1 *-_- this_DD1 innocent_JJ and_CC limiting_VVG perspective_NN1 *-_- are_VBR not_XX carried_VVN over_RP into_II the_AT new_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL That_CST these_DD2 two_MC traditions_NN2 measured_VVN against_II the_AT capacities_NN2 of_IO the_AT short_JJ story_NN1 may_VM not_XX be_VBI merely_RR manners_NN2 of_IO approach_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Surely_RR the_AT question_NN1 we_PPIS2 should_VM ask_VVI is_VBZ the_AT far_RG older_JJR one_PN1 *-_- is_VBZ it_PPH1 by_II this_DD1 or_CC any_DD other_JJ (_( superseded_VVN )_) method_NN1 that_CST we_PPIS2 approach_VV0 the_AT short_JJ story_NN1 that_CST succeeds_VVZ ?_? ^ |_NULL ^_NULL If_CS post-modernism_NN1 seems_VVZ a_AT1 side-step_NN1 and_CC all_DB that_DD1 implies_VVZ ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ still_RR a_AT1 development_NN1 since_CS any_DD movement_NN1 brings_VVZ a_AT1 different_JJ view_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Some_DD of_IO the_AT practitioners_NN2 (_( Gifkins_NP1 ,_, Wedde_NP1 ,_, Else_RR )_) are_VBR less_RGR innovative_JJ than_CSN they_PPHS2 appear_VV0 but_CS possibly_RR this_DD1 kind_NN1 of_IO blinkering_NN1 serves_VVZ a_AT1 purpose_NN1 :_: the_AT story_NN1 is_VBZ gaining_VVG in_II freshness_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II some_DD ways_NN2 the_AT style_NN1 of_IO Sargeson_NP1 produces_VVZ a_AT1 hankering_NN1 for_IF the_AT rococo_NN1 as_II a_AT1 Quaker_NN1 might_VM long_VVI to_TO enter_VVI a_AT1 cathedral_NN1 filled_VVN with_IW incense_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Post-modernism_NN1 is_VBZ this_DD1 kind_NN1 of_IO lapse_NN1 but_CCB a_PN31 great_PN32 deal_PN33 more_RRR :_: it_PPH1 is_VBZ more_RGR realistic_JJ in_II its_APPGE approach_NN1 to_II the_AT possibilities_NN2 of_IO language_NN1 :_: language_NN1 perhaps_RR is_VBZ just_RR one_MC1 element_NN1 in_II seeing_VVG ,_, or_CC conversely_RR each_DD1 word_NN1 ,_, as_CSA in_II the_AT writing_NN1 of_IO Janet_NP1 Frame_NN1 ,_, has_VHZ sight_NN1 like_II a_AT1 tram_NN1 or_CC ferry_NN1 with_IW steerage_NN1 at_II either_DD1 end_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Many_DA2 New_NP Zealand_NP1 short_JJ stories_NN2 lack_VV0 sophistication_NN1 in_II the_AT way_NN1 that_CST Lady_NNB Barker_NP1 failed_VVD to_TO see_VVI a_AT1 solution_NN1 in_II *'_" Christmas_NNT1 Day_NNT1 in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 **'_" to_II two_MC men_NN2 sharing_VVG a_AT1 set_NN1 of_IO best_JJT clothes_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 seems_VVZ never_RR to_TO have_VHI occurred_VVN to_II her_PPHO1 to_TO lend_VVI some_DD of_IO her_APPGE husband_NN1 's_VHZ cast-offs_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Instead_RR the_AT shrieks_NN2 of_IO her_APPGE maids_NN2 are_VBR divertingly_RR picturesque_JJ :_: *'_" ^_NULL High_JJ and_CC clear_JJ ,_, piercing_VVG through_II the_AT Babel_NN1 of_IO sounds_NN2 ,_, my_APPGE maids_NN2 '_GE shrieks_NN2 came_VVD at_II intervals_NN2 like_II minute_JJ guns_NN2 at_II sea_NN1 ._. ^ **'_" ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ charm_NN1 without_IW humanity_NN1 and_CC many_DA2 later_JJR stories_NN2 would_VM concentrate_VVI on_II detail_NN1 at_II the_AT expense_NN1 of_IO what_DDQ effect_VV0 this_DD1 detail_NN1 might_VM have_VHI on_II individual_JJ characters_NN2 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 226+TEXT+G39_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *1_NULL Living_VVG in_II the_AT Maniototo_NP1 *0_NULL has_VHZ been_VBN claimed_VVN for_IF postmodernism_NN1 ,_, and_CC ,_, if_CS we_PPIS2 are_VBR not_XX to_TO risk_VVI *"_" archaism_NN1 **"_" we_PPIS2 must_VM consider_VVI this_DD1 novel_NN1 with_IW the_AT rest_NN1 of_IO {_NULL NZ_NP }_NULL writing_VVG in_II31 terms_II32 of_II33 postcolonialism_NN1 or_CC postmodernism_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Not_XX to_TO do_VDI so_CS is_VBZ to_TO ignore_VVI the_AT current_JJ power_NN1 struggle_NN1 :_: ^_NULL {_NULL NZ_NP }_NULL literature_NN1 is_VBZ in_II the_AT middle_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 sort_NN1 of_IO warm_JJ war_NN1 fought_VVN by_II those_DD2 who_PNQS wish_VV0 to_TO claim_VVI the_AT era_NN1 for_IF one_MC1 ism_NN1 or_CC other_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Visible_JJ combatants_NN2 are_VBR a_AT1 handful_NN1 of_IO mostly_RR male_JJ academics_NN2 who_PNQS purport_VV0 to_TO be_VBI taking_VVG an_AT1 historical_JJ perspective_NN1 of_IO the_AT literature_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Postmodernists_NN2 apparently_RR offer_VV0 a_AT1 term_NN1 which_DDQ will_VM *"_" absorb_VVI **"_" postcolonialism_NN1 and_CC accommodate_NN1 feminism_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Presumably_RR these_DD2 isms_NN2 have_VH0 much_RR in_RR21 common_RR22 :_: they_PPHS2 must_VM have_VHI if_CS postmodernism_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX to_TO become_VVI so_RG diverse_JJ in_II its_APPGE inclusiveness_NN1 as_CSA to_TO lose_VVI all_DB coherence_NN1 ,_, so_CS21 that_CS22 the_AT term_NN1 designed_VVD to_TO describe_VVI fragmentation_NN1 ,_, pastiche_NN1 \_NULL etc._RA deconstructs_NN2 itself_PPX1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL If_CS what_DDQ is_VBZ culturally_RR dominant_JJ is_VBZ that_CST there_EX is_VBZ no_AT cultural_JJ dominance_NN1 surely_RR *"_" we_PPIS2 fall_VV0 back_RP into_II a_AT1 view_NN1 of_IO present_JJ history_NN1 as_CSA sheer_JJ heterogeneity_NN1 ,_, random_JJ difference_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 coexistence_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 host_NN1 of_IO distinct_JJ forces_NN2 whose_DDQGE effectivity_NN1 is_VBZ undecidable_JJ **"_" *-_- the_AT evil_NN1 which_DDQ postmodernists_NN2 strive_VV0 to_TO avoid_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 willingness_NN1 to_TO embrace_VVI various_JJ isms_NN2 has_VHZ a_AT1 further_JJR consequence_NN1 *-_- postmodernist_NN1 practice_NN1 is_VBZ imperialistic_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL *1_NULL Living_VVG in_II the_AT Maniototo_NP1 *0_NULL is_VBZ not_XX a_AT1 novel_NN1 that_CST is_VBZ readily_RR colonised_VVN although_CS it_PPH1 will_VM be_VBI ,_, in_II the_AT name_NN1 of_IO what_DDQ is_VBZ supposedly_RR dominant_JJ in_II the_AT text_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Such_DA dominance_NN1 is_VBZ more_RGR apparent_JJ than_CSN real_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL What_DDQ is_VBZ real_JJ is_VBZ power_NN1 ,_, derived_VVN from_II imposing_VVG a_AT1 reading_NN1 ,_, to_TO write_VVI literary_JJ his_APPGE story_NN1 **[_NULL sic_RR **]_NULL ._. ^ ^_NULL While_CS During_II accuses_NN2 anti-intellectual_JJ academics_NN2 of_IO failing_VVG to_TO *"_" enter_VVI into_II relation_NN1 with_IW the_AT fact_NN1 that_CST texts_NN2 and_CC images_NN2 ,_, including_II those_DD2 marked_JJ literature_NN1 or_CC art_NN1 ,_, help_NN1 manage_VVI desire_NN1 and_CC direct_JJ power_NN1 **"_" ,_, this_DD1 is_VBZ not_XX a_AT1 failing_NN1 of_IO (_( intellectual_NN1 ?_? )_) postmodernists_NN2 who_PNQS are_VBR au_JJ21 fait_JJ22 with_IW the_AT nature_NN1 of_IO multi_NN2 ..._... ism_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB there_EX 's_VBZ a_AT1 fine_JJ line_NN1 between_II merger_NN1 and_CC takeover_NN1 and_CC there_EX 's_VBZ also_RR the_AT matter_NN1 of_IO monopoly_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Suppose_VV0 one_PN1 chooses_VVZ to_TO live_VVI dangerously_RR anyway_RR ,_, risk_NN1 archaism_NN1 ,_, and_CC to_TO offer_VVI a_AT1 traditional_JJ reading_NN1 ,_, using_VVG biographical_JJ criticism_NN1 as_II a_AT1 way_NN1 into_II the_AT novel_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *1_NULL About_RG twenty_MC years_NNT2 before_II publishing_NN1 *0_NULL Living_VVG in_II the_AT Maniototo_NP1 *1_NULL Janet_NP1 Frame_NN1 gratefully_RR accepted_VVN medical_JJ advice_NN1 that_CST acknowledged_VVD her_APPGE need_NN1 to_TO *"_" write_VVI to_TO survive_VVI ._. **"_" ^ ^_NULL Elevated_JJ to_II the_AT status_NN1 of_IO life-support_JJ system_NN1 ,_, writing_NN1 becomes_VVZ an_AT1 end_NN1 in_II itself_PPX1 ,_, so_CS we_PPIS2 have_VH0 ,_, in_II this_DD1 novel_NN1 ,_, Janet_NP1 Frame_NN1 writing_VVG about_II writing_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Frame_NN1 believes_VVZ human_JJ beings_NN2 have_VH0 evolved_VVN away_II21 from_II22 a_AT1 language_NN1 of_IO communication_NN1 to_II a_AT1 state_NN1 of_IO division_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 use_VV0 language_NN1 in_II the_AT form_NN1 of_IO cliches_NN2 ,_, euphemisms_NN2 ,_, and_CC advertising_NN1 patter_NN1 to_II the_AT extent_NN1 that_CST we_PPIS2 lack_VV0 linguistic_JJ conventions_NN2 to_TO express_VVI our_APPGE deepest_JJT feelings_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Frame_NN1 ,_, as_CSA artist_NN1 ,_, sees_VVZ beyond_II this_DD1 facade_NN1 to_II the_AT individual_JJ desperation_NN1 ,_, the_AT violence_NN1 sometimes_RT repressed_VVD ,_, but_CCB always_RR the_AT psychological_JJ warfare_NN1 in_II human_JJ relationships_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Frame_NN1 's_VBZ difficulty_NN1 then_RT is_VBZ that_CST while_CS she_PPHS1 sees_VVZ what_DDQ humans_NN2 have_VHI done_VDN to_II language_NN1 ,_, she_PPHS1 needs_VVZ to_TO write_VVI and_CC words_NN2 provide_VV0 the_AT only_JJ medium_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Moreover_RR ,_, though_CS she_PPHS1 may_VM move_VVI her_APPGE psyche_NN1 to_II *"_" that_DD1 **"_" world_NN1 (_( the_AT life_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 creative_JJ artist_NN1 )_) she_PPHS1 is_VBZ physically_RR bound_VVN to_II *"_" this_DD1 **"_" world_NN1 (_( society_NN in_RR21 general_RR22 )_) which_DDQ also_RR provides_VVZ material_NN1 for_IF the_AT manifold_NN1 or_CC creative_JJ consciousness_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Limited_JJ contact_NN1 with_IW *"_" this_DD1 **"_" world_NN1 would_VM seem_VVI to_TO be_VBI least_RGT damaging_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ what_DDQ Frame_NN1 prescribes_VVZ for_IF Mavis_NP1 Halleton_NP1 ,_, novelist-narrator_NN1 of_IO *0_NULL Living_VVG in_II the_AT Maniototo_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *1_NULL Mavis_NP1 's_GE husbands_NN2 move_VV0 among_II the_AT suburban_JJ paraphernalia_NN of_IO sewage_NN1 systems_NN2 and_CC summit_NN1 stone_NN1 fireplaces_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL When_CS they_PPHS2 die_VV0 ,_, Frame_NN1 permits_VVZ her_APPGE narrator_NN1 further_RRR vicarious_JJ experience_NN1 by_II causing_VVG her_PPHO1 to_TO receive_VVI four_MC worldly_JJ guests_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Almost_RR three_MC of_IO the_AT novel_NN1 's_GE five_MC parts_NN2 are_VBR devoted_JJ to_II developing_VVG the_AT characters_NN2 of_IO the_AT guests_NN2 and_CC the_AT plan_NN1 of_IO one_MC1 of_IO them_PPHO2 to_TO spend_VVI a_DD221 few_DD222 hours_NNT2 in_II the_AT desert_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II what_DDQ seems_VVZ more_DAR like_II *'_" straight_JJ **'_" fiction_NN1 than_CSN Frame_NN1 writing_VVG about_II writing_NN1 ,_, Roger_NP1 and_CC Doris_NP1 Prestwick_NP1 and_CC Theo_NP1 and_CC Zita_NP1 Carlton_NP1 emerge_VV0 as_CSA individual_JJ manifestations_NN2 of_IO social_JJ ills_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Theo_NP1 and_CC Zita_NP1 are_VBR living_VVG the_AT media_NN romance_NN1 :_: virile_JJ male_NN1 protecting_VVG passive_JJ decorative_JJ female_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Roger_NP1 and_CC Doris_NP1 are_VBR similarly_RR constrained_VVN by_II the_AT images_NN2 to_II which_DDQ they_PPHS2 have_VH0 been_VBN exposed_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL Roger_NP1 has_VHZ been_VBN watching_VVG *'_" Our_APPGE World_NN1 **'_" and_CC so_CS dreams_NN2 of_IO *"_" finding_VVG himself_PPX1 **"_" in_II the_AT desert_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL To_TO provide_VVI the_AT necessary_JJ balance_NN1 ,_, Doris_NP1 takes_VVZ in_RP the_AT ads_NN2 and_CC so_RR is_VBZ practical_JJ homemaker_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT tragedy_NN1 ,_, from_II Janet_NP1 Frame_NN1 's_VBZ point_NN1 of_IO view_NN1 ,_, is_VBZ that_DD1 the_AT guests_NN2 are_VBR locked_VVN inside_II this_DD1 structure_NN1 of_IO mediated_JJ values_NN2 and_CC lack_NN1 the_AT artist_NN1 's_GE wider_JJR vision_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Mavis_NP1 Halleton_NP1 tells_VVZ us_PPIO2 **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL While_CS Frame_NN1 is_VBZ making_VVG the_AT characters_NN2 a_AT1 metaphor_NN1 for_IF her_APPGE own_DA social_JJ vision_NN1 ,_, she_PPHS1 is_VBZ hardly_RR deviating_VVG from_II the_AT conventional_JJ novel_JJ form_NN1 in_II which_DDQ the_AT reader_NN1 expects_VVZ some_DD symbolic_JJ superstructure_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL When_CS she_PPHS1 dismisses_VVZ the_AT guests_NN2 as_II part_NN1 of_IO Mavis_NP1 Halleton_NP1 's_GE *'_" fiction_NN1 **'_" however_RR ,_, and_CC resurrects_VVZ the_AT supposedly_RR dead_JJ Garretts_NP2 to_TO reclaim_VVI their_APPGE house_NN1 we_PPIS2 finally_RR lose_VV0 the_AT security_NN1 of_IO the_AT traditional_JJ novel_JJ form_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL At_RR21 first_RR22 we_PPIS2 believe_VV0 in_II the_AT guests_NN2 because_CS the_AT intimate_JJ tone_NN1 of_IO the_AT prose_NN1 induces_VVZ a_AT1 sense_NN1 of_IO oneness_NN1 with_IW an_AT1 apparently_RR sincere_JJ narrator_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Mavis_NP1 greets_VVZ the_AT news_NN1 of_IO her_APPGE inheritance_NN1 with_IW such_DA incredulity_NN1 we_PPIS2 are_VBR convinced_VVN that_CST here_RL we_PPIS2 have_VH0 access_NN1 to_II the_AT *'_" fact_NN1 **'_" that_CST is_VBZ reputedly_RR stranger_JJR than_CSN *'_" fiction_NN1 ._. ^ **'_" ^_NULL But_CCB Mavis_NP1 directly_RR challenges_VVZ the_AT reader_NN1 when_RRQ she_PPHS1 introduces_VVZ *"_" the_AT topic_NN1 of_IO guests_NN2 in_II the_AT house_NN1 ,_, as_II31 opposed_II32 to_II33 guests_NN2 in_II the_AT house_NN1 of_IO fiction._NNU **"_" (_( 133_MC )_) ^_NULL Her_APPGE reference_NN1 to_II the_AT *"_" guess_NN1 towel_NN1 ,_, **"_" while_CS a_AT1 straightforward_JJ example_NN1 of_IO elision_NN1 ,_, is_VBZ also_RR an_AT1 oblique_JJ invitation_NN1 to_TO guess_VVI about_II the_AT guests_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Subsequent_NP1 remarks_VVZ on_II the_AT etymologies_NN2 of_IO *"_" guest_NN1 **"_" and_CC *"_" host_NN1 **"_" challenge_VV0 current_JJ usage_NN1 ,_, warning_VVG that_CST this_DD1 may_VM not_XX be_VBI the_AT conventional_JJ guest-host_JJ relationship_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB this_DD1 is_VBZ clear_JJ only_RR in_II retrospect_NN1 as_CSA Mavis_NP1 moves_VVZ to_TO dispel_VVI doubt_NN1 :_: characters_NN2 in_II fiction_NN1 ,_, she_PPHS1 maintains_VVZ ,_, have_VH0 *"_" all_DB the_AT time_NNT1 in_II the_AT world_NN1 **"_" whereas_CS her_APPGE guests_NN2 are_VBR *"_" within_II time_NNT1 and_CC constantly_RR fighting_VVG against_II it_PPH1 ._. **"_" ^ (_( 134_MC )_) |_NULL ^_NULL Thus_RR ,_, we_PPIS2 are_VBR prepared_VVN for_IF their_APPGE urge_NN1 to_TO *"_" tell_VVI all_DB ._. **"_" ^ ^_NULL Towards_II the_AT end_NN1 of_IO the_AT novel_NN1 we_PPIS2 realise_VV0 that_DD1 Frame_NN1 is_VBZ using_VVG our_APPGE assumptions_NN2 about_II realism_NN1 in_II the_AT novel_JJ to_TO counter_VVI clues_NN2 she_PPHS1 is_VBZ giving_VVG all_DB along_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 closer_JJR look_NN1 at_II the_AT guests_NN2 though_CS ,_, reveals_VVZ that_DD1 Frame_NN1 is_VBZ also_RR writing_VVG about_II writing_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II the_AT first_MD chapter_NN1 of_IO the_AT novel_JJ Mavis_NP1 admits_VVZ two_MC aliases_NN2 ,_, Alice_NP1 Thumb_NN1 ,_, who_PNQS controls_VVZ the_AT manifold_NN1 ,_, and_CC ventriloquist_NN1 ,_, Violet_NP1 Pansy_NP1 Proudlock_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS enters_VVZ *"_" the_AT speech_NN1 of_IO another_DD1 ._. **"_" ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 are_VBR clearly_RR manifestations_NN2 of_IO the_AT creative_JJ artist_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Prestwicks_NP1 and_CC Carltons_NP1 are_VBR further_JJR evocations_NN2 of_IO the_AT writer_NN1 though_CS they_PPHS2 are_VBR flawed_VVN because_CS they_PPHS2 belong_VV0 to_II *"_" this_DD1 **"_" world_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL All_DB four_MC are_VBR thinking_VVG of_IO writing_VVG a_AT1 book_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Doris_NP1 and_CC Roger_NP1 Prestwick_NP1 represent_VV0 creativity_NN1 ,_, its_APPGE limitations_NN2 and_CC aspirations_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL While_CS Mavis_NP1 labels_VVZ Doris_NP1 *"_" practical_JJ **"_" and_CC Roger_NP1 *"_" dreamer_NN1 **"_" both_RR undergo_VV0 experiences_NN2 which_DDQ indicate_VV0 Mavis_NP1 's_GE (_( and_CC Frame_NN1 's_VHZ )_) realisation_NN1 that_CST the_AT pragmatic_JJ and_CC creative_JJ should_VM coexist_VVI ,_, though_CS they_PPHS2 seem_VV0 to_TO exert_VVI opposing_VVG forces_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL While_CS Roger_NP1 must_VM allow_VVI practical_JJ footwear_NN1 and_CC clothing_NN1 into_II his_APPGE desert_NN1 dream_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 life_NN1 of_IO domesticity_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX sufficient_JJ for_IF Doris_NP1 who_PNQS moves_VVZ into_II the_AT metaphysical_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Doris_NP1 's_GE practical_JJ aspect_NN1 is_VBZ demonstrated_VVN in_II a_AT1 literal_JJ approach_NN1 to_II language_NN1 :_: she_PPHS1 recalls_VVZ childhood_NN1 dismay_NN1 *"_" at_II being_VBG told_VVN the_AT government_NN was_VBDZ Old_JJ Coats._NP1 **"_" (_( 135_MC )_) ^_NULL Mavis_NP1 and_CC Doris_NP1 hold_VV0 this_DD1 approach_NN1 to_II language_NN1 in_RR21 common_RR22 and_CC ,_, though_CS Mavis_NP1 ,_, as_CSA narrator_NN1 ,_, tells_VVZ us_PPIO2 that_CST Doris_NP1 's_GE sympathies_NN2 are_VBR restricted_VVN to_II *"_" the_AT intrusion_NN1 of_IO occasional_JJ domestic_JJ passions_NN2 **"_" (_( 167_MC )_) Doris_NP1 also_RR shares_VVZ Mavis_NP1 's_GE poetic_JJ imagination_NN1 :_: ^_NULL In_II Wellington_NP1 ,_, Doris_NP1 recalls_VVZ ,_, *"_" the_AT wind_NN1 blew_VVD through_II people_NN and_CC came_VVD out_RP the_AT other_JJ side_NN1 with_IW shreds_NN2 of_IO them_PPHO2 ._. **"_" ^ (_( 136_MC )_) ^_NULL And_CC ,_, though_CS philosophic_JJ speculation_NN1 seems_VVZ *"_" out_II21 of_II22 character_NN1 **"_" for_IF *"_" brownbread_NN1 geranium_NN1 Doris_NP1 ,_, **"_" she_PPHS1 nevertheless_RR questions_VVZ her_APPGE fellow_JJ guests_NN2 :_: *"_" ^_NULL If_CS we_PPIS2 value_VV0 only_RR the_AT real_JJ journey_NN1 ,_, what_DDQ about_II all_DB those_DD2 others_NN2 ..._... that_DD1 never_RR attain_VV0 reality_NN1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL Do_VD0 we_PPIS2 waste_VVI our_APPGE time_NNT1 when_RRQ they_PPHS2 make_VV0 us_PPIO2 weep_VVI real_JJ tears_NN2 ?_? **"_" (_( 166_MC )_) ^_NULL While_CS Doris_NP1 may_VM be_VBI closer_JJR to_TO the_AT side_NN1 of_IO Mavis_NP1 that_CST makes_VVZ ham_JJ sandwiches_NN2 for_IF Lance_NN1 ,_, in_II her_PPHO1 ,_, as_CSA in_II Mavis_NP1 ,_, the_AT practical_JJ and_CC creative_NN1 coexist_VV0 ._. ^ ^_NULL Though_CS neither_RR Doris_NP1 nor_CC Roger_NP1 achieves_VVZ a_AT1 personal_JJ balance_NN1 of_IO practical_JJ with_IW creative_JJ ,_, Mavis-Frame_NP1 achieves_VVZ a_AT1 collective_JJ balance_NN1 by_II making_VVG the_AT two_MC individuals_NN2 mutually_RR dependent_JJ :_: *"_" her_APPGE practicality_NN1 ..._... had_VHD developed_VVN strength_NN1 as_CSA his_APPGE preoccupation_NN1 with_IW dreams_NN2 and_CC ideals_NN2 increased_VVN ._. **"_" ^ (_( 183_MC )_) |_NULL ^_NULL Roger_NP1 's_GE dream_NN1 of_IO finding_VVG *"_" a_AT1 piece_NN1 of_IO reality_NN1 that_CST never_RR had_VHN a_AT1 shadow_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 replica_NN1 **"_" is_VBZ the_AT artist_NN1 's_VBZ dream_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II *"_" this_DD1 **"_" world_NN1 however_RR ,_, as_CSA Roger_NP1 instinctively_RR realises_VVZ ,_, the_AT dream_NN1 is_VBZ *"_" arrogant_JJ ,_, ambitious_JJ ,_, unoriginal_JJ ..._... a_AT1 waste_NN1 of_IO time_NNT1 ._. **"_" ^ (_( 143_MC )_) ^_NULL Roger_NP1 uses_VVZ Mavis_NP1 's_GE linguistic_JJ terms_NN2 to_TO restate_VVI the_AT novel_NN1 's_GE dominant_JJ world_NN1 view_NN1 :_: he_PPHS1 accuses_VVZ New_JJ Zealanders_NP1 of_IO being_VBG *"_" crazy_JJ about_II interior_NN1 and_CC exterior_JJ decoration_NN1 **"_" (_( 142_MC )_) and_CC of_IO cluttering_VVG their_APPGE *"_" spiritual_JJ and_CC sexual_JJ hollows_NN2 with_IW electrically_RR driven_JJ tools_NN2 and_CC household_NN1 goods_NN2 and_CC gods._NNU **"_" (_( 141_MC )_) ^_NULL Though_CS Roger_NP1 asks_VVZ Mavis_NP1 's_GE question_NN1 ,_, Frame_NN1 's_VBZ question_NN1 and_CC the_AT novel_NN1 's_VBZ question_NN1 ,_, *"_" ^_NULL Why_RRQ is_VBZ each_DD1 of_IO us_PPIO2 so_RR diminished_VVD by_II the_AT resulting_JJ fruit_NN of_IO this_DD1 tongue-blossom_NN1 ?_? **"_" (_( 143_MC )_) his_APPGE ties_NN2 to_II *"_" this_DD1 **"_" world_NN1 render_NN1 him_PPHO1 ultimately_RR *"_" empty_JJ as_II a_AT1 ventriloquist_NN1 's_VBZ dummy_JJ ,_, **"_" (_( 139_MC )_) and_CC therefore_RR closer_RRR to_II Violet_NP1 Pansy_NP1 Proudlock_NP1 than_CSN to_II the_AT artist_NN1 in_II Mavis_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 is_VBZ a_AT1 *"_" translator_NN1 of_IO cliches_NN2 into_II rules_NN2 to_TO live_VVI by_II **"_" (_( 156_MC )_) and_CC goes_VVZ off_RP to_TO fulfill_VVI his_APPGE dream_NN1 appropriately_RR encumbered_VVD :_: *"_" ^_NULL You_PPY never_RR know_VV0 with_IW the_AT desert_NN1 ._. **"_" ^ (_( 172_MC )_) ^_NULL Roger_NP1 's_GE desert_NN1 reflections_NN2 on_II human_JJ cannibalistic_JJ tendencies_NN2 re-establish_VV0 his_APPGE link_NN1 with_IW Mavis_NP1 's_GE world_NN1 view_NN1 as_CSA he_PPHS1 ponders_VVZ the_AT duplicity_NN1 of_IO language_NN1 :_: when_RRQ friends_NN2 and_CC lovers_NN2 are_VBR *"_" consumed_VVN that_CST the_AT host_NN1 might_VM survive_VVI ,_, **"_" (_( 175_MC )_) the_AT word_NN1 *"_" host_NN1 **"_" is_VBZ shielding_VVG an_AT1 enemy_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL Mavis_NP1 rewards_VVZ the_AT dreamer_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 momentary_JJ insight_NN1 which_DDQ takes_VVZ him_PPHO1 closest_RRT to_II the_AT artist_NN1 :_: in_II the_AT company_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 jackhare_NN1 ,_, Roger_NP1 realises_VVZ *"_" being_NN1 at_II home_NN1 ..._... together_RL ..._... meant_VVD ..._... sharing_VVG a_AT1 space_NN1 in_II peace_NN1 ..._... ,_, a_AT1 space_NN1 that_CST was_VBDZ life-size_JJ and_CC therefore_RR death-size._JJ **"_" (_( 177_MC )_) ^_NULL His_APPGE knowledge_NN1 is_VBZ transitory_JJ ,_, however_RR ,_, and_CC Roger_NP1 remains_VVZ an_AT1 *"_" out-of-element_JJ **"_" man_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Theo_NP1 is_VBZ the_AT artist_NN1 as_II god_NN1 ,_, self-appointed_JJ to_TO manipulate_VVI characters_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL His_APPGE dominion_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT alphabet_NN1 which_DDQ he_PPHS1 controls_VVZ from_II A_ZZ1 to_II Z(ita)_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL His_APPGE talent_NN1 is_VBZ for_IF *"_" directing_VVG the_AT lives_NN2 of_IO others_NN2 ._. **"_" ^ ^_NULL Theo_NP1 ,_, and_CC Mavis_NP1 as_II writer_NN1 ,_, are_VBR **"_" born_VVN into_II vicariousness_NN1 **"_" and_CC can_VM achieve_VVI many_DA2 ambitions_NN2 *"_" only_RR through_II the_AT lives_NN2 of_IO others_NN2 ._. **"_" ^ (_( 145_MC )_) ^_NULL Theo_NP1 's_GE ability_NN1 to_TO manipulate_VVI depends_VVZ not_XX only_RR on_II the_AT availability_NN1 of_IO passive_JJ characters_NN2 ,_, but_CCB also_RR on_II his_APPGE command_NN1 of_IO words_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL When_CS he_PPHS1 loses_VVZ *"_" the_AT power_NN1 to_TO name_VVI *-_- the_AT God-power_NN1 and_CC poet_NN1 power_NN1 ,_, **"_" (_( 211_MC )_) the_AT mutual_JJ dependency_NN1 that_CST is_VBZ also_RR established_VVN between_II Theo_NP1 and_CC Zita_NP1 is_VBZ threatened_VVN :_: ^_NULL Zita_NP1 can_VM not_XX make_VVI good_JJ the_AT loss_NN1 for_CS she_PPHS1 *"_" could_VM not_XX name_VVI ._. **"_" ^ (_( 199_MC )_) |_NULL ^_NULL While_CS Theo_NP1 must_VM have_VHI characters_NN2 to_TO control_VVI ,_, Zita_NP1 needs_VVZ to_TO be_VBI chosen_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 need_VV0 stems_NN2 from_II her_APPGE Hungarian_JJ family_NN 's_GE efforts_NN2 to_TO be_VBI chosen_VVN as_CSA {_NULL NZ_NP }_NULL immigrants_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL *"_" New_NP Zealand_NP1 was_VBDZ our_APPGE host_NN1 ,_, **"_" says_VVZ Zita_NP1 ,_, *"_" the_AT kind_NN1 ,_, discriminating_JJ host_NN1 ,_, and_CC we_PPIS2 were_VBDR *'_" duty_NN1 bound_VVD **'_" to_TO be_VBI respectful_JJ ,_, grateful_JJ guests_NN2 ._. **"_" ^ (_( 151_MC )_) ^_NULL But_CCB in_II this_DD1 environment_NN1 ,_, shut_VVD off_RP from_II her_APPGE native_JJ language_NN1 ,_, Zita_NP1 's_GE mother_NN1 *"_" grew_VVD thin_JJ and_CC old_JJ and_CC grey_JJ ,_, with_IW a_AT1 hungry_JJ expression_NN1 she_PPHS1 had_VHD not_XX shown_VVN all_DB the_AT hungry_JJ years_NNT2 ._. **"_" ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 becomes_VVZ the_AT sacrificial_JJ host_NN1 *"_" offering_NN1 part_NN1 of_IO herself_PPX1 as_CSA food_NN1 **"_" which_DDQ Zita_NP1 and_CC her_APPGE brother_NN1 *"_" accepted_VVN and_CC consumed._NNU **"_" (_( 152_MC )_) ^_NULL Thus_RR ,_, we_PPIS2 are_VBR shown_VVN the_AT cannibalistic_JJ tendencies_NN2 on_II which_DDQ Roger_NP1 reflects_VVZ ,_, while_CS Zita_NP1 's_GE family_NN story_NN1 also_RR directs_VVZ attention_NN1 to_II the_AT use_NN1 of_IO language_NN1 as_II a_AT1 screen_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL {_NULL NZ_NP }_NULL *"_" the_AT kind_NN1 ,_, discriminating_JJ host_NN1 ,_, **"_" is_VBZ revealed_VVN as_II host_NN1 of_IO the_AT *"_" hostis_NN1 **"_" variety_NN1 ,_, discriminating_JJ against_II those_DD2 of_IO another_DD1 kind_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 power_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 society_NN to_TO render_VVI individuals_NN2 incapable_JJ of_IO self-assertion_NN1 ,_, completely_RR dependent_JJ on_II being_VBG chosen_VVN ,_, is_VBZ also_RR the_AT power_NN1 of_IO the_AT writer_NN1 over_II her_APPGE characters_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Diminished_JJ as_CSA she_PPHS1 is_VBZ ,_, Zita_NP1 appropriately_RR adapts_VVZ Mavis_NP1 's_GE linguistic_JJ field_NN1 to_TO define_VVI her_APPGE world_NN1 ;_; restricted_VVD to_II *"_" the_AT carpet_NN1 battlefield_NN1 ,_, **"_" she_PPHS1 controls_VVZ *"_" armies_NNJ2 **"_" of_IO furniture._NNU (_( 201_MC )_) |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Carltons_NP1 ,_, just_RR like_II the_AT Prestwicks_NP1 ,_, are_VBR part_NN1 of_IO *"_" this_DD1 **"_" world_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Theo_NP1 fails_VVZ to_TO see_VVI the_AT danger_NN1 inherent_JJ in_II the_AT manipulation_NN1 of_IO characters_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Zita_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS shares_VVZ Mavis_NP1 's_GE sensitivity_NN1 to_II the_AT *"_" maze_NN1 of_IO treacherous_JJ words_NN2 **"_" (_( 149_MC )_) ,_, realises_VVZ that_CST ,_, though_CS she_PPHS1 is_VBZ Theo_NP1 's_GE *"_" chosen_JJ child_NN1 ,_, **"_" he_PPHS1 has_VHZ a_AT1 *"_" stake_NN1 **"_" in_II her_PPHO1 and_CC this_DD1 *"_" does_VDZ imply_VVI that_DD1 ..._... where_CS one_PN1 has_VHZ given_VVN life_NN1 one_PN1 may_VM have_VHI the_AT right_JJ to_TO give_VVI death_NN1 ._. **"_" ^ (_( 153_MC )_) ^_NULL The_AT impersonal_JJ pronoun_NN1 lets_VVZ Mavis_NP1 in_RP and_CC ,_, as_CSA writer_NN1 ,_, she_PPHS1 exercises_VVZ her_APPGE right_NN1 to_TO annihilate_VVI the_AT guests_NN2 to_II whom_PNQO she_PPHS1 has_VHZ given_VVN life_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Theo_NP1 and_CC Zita_NP1 are_VBR a_AT1 metaphor_NN1 for_IF the_AT writer_NN1 's_VBZ relationship_NN1 with_IW her_APPGE characters_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Roger_NP1 and_CC Doris_NP1 perform_VV0 the_AT same_DA function_NN1 with_II31 regard_II32 to_II33 the_AT writer_NN1 and_CC creativity_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Their_APPGE functions_NN2 ,_, as_CSA individuals_NN2 in_II31 relation_II32 to_II33 society_NN and_CC individuals_NN2 in_II31 relation_II32 to_II33 writing_NN1 are_VBR complementary_JJ :_: *"_" all_DB four_MC are_VBR oppressed_VVN by_II private_JJ unhappiness_NN1 ,_, **"_" sensing_VVG that_CST beyond_II them_PPHO2 is_VBZ a_AT1 reality_NN1 they_PPHS2 can_VM not_XX attain_VVI ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 227+TEXT+G40_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL I_PPIS1 am_VBM writing_VVG a_AT1 book_NN1 about_II growing_VVG up_RP in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 in_II the_AT 1950s_MC2 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO women_NN2 writers_NN2 have_VH0 suggested_VVN that_CST since_CS the_AT genres_NN2 as_CSA we_PPIS2 know_VV0 them_PPHO2 are_VBR male-defined_JJ to_TO suit_VVI men_NN2 's_GE experience_NN1 ,_, thought_VVN and_CC writing_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ not_XX surprising_JJ that_CST women_NN2 should_VM have_VHI difficulties_NN2 in_II working_VVG within_II them_PPHO2 ._. ^ ^_NULL As_II a_AT1 result_NN1 ,_, they_PPHS2 are_VBR now_RT producing_VVG *'_" new_JJ **'_" kinds_NN2 of_IO writing_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ cross_VV0 all_DB the_AT familiar_JJ genre_NN1 boundaries_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL What_DDQ I_PPIS1 am_VBM attempting_VVG to_TO do_VDI is_VBZ to_TO combine_VVI personal_JJ recollection_NN1 (_( mainly_RR my_APPGE own_DA but_RR sometimes_RT that_DD1 of_IO others_NN2 )_) with_IW cultural_JJ analysis_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 method_NN1 of_IO working_VVG is_VBZ not_XX my_APPGE own_DA invention_NN1 :_: ^_NULL I_PPIS1 owe_VV0 much_RR to_II the_AT models_NN2 provided_VVN by_II writers_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 Jane_NP1 Lazarre_NP1 (_( 1981_MC )_) and_CC Rachel_NP1 \_NULL M._NN1 Brownstein_NP1 (_( 1982_MC )_) ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO set_VVI manageable_JJ boundaries_NN2 ,_, and_CC also_RR to_TO be_VBI able_JJ to_TO complete_VVI the_AT book_NN1 in_II discrete_JJ sections_NN2 ,_, I_PPIS1 am_VBM using_VVG a_AT1 structure_NN1 consisting_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 series_NN of_IO essays_NN2 ,_, each_DD1 centring_VVG around_RG one_MC1 particular_JJ *'_" sign_NN1 **'_" from_II the_AT period_NN1 ,_, for_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, the_AT Edmonds_NP1 cookery_NN1 book_NN1 ,_, the_AT *1_NULL Janet_NP1 and_CC John_NP1 *0_NULL series_NN of_IO readers_NN2 ,_, the_AT social_JJ studies_NN2 textbook_NN1 *1_NULL Our_APPGE Nation_NN1 's_VBZ Story_NN1 ,_, *0_NULL the_AT 1957_MC film_NN1 *1_NULL Bernardine_NP1 *0_NULL (_( with_IW Pat_NP1 Boone_NP1 )_) ,_, the_AT Mazengarb_NP1 Report_NN1 ;_; then_RT branching_VVG out_RP to_TO examine_VVI a_AT1 related_JJ area_NN1 *-_- food_NN1 ,_, family_NN ,_, the_AT image_NN1 of_IO the_AT Maori_NP1 ,_, gender_NN1 ,_, sex_NN1 ,_, and_RR31 so_RR32 on_RR33 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ born_VVN in_II 1945_MC ,_, part_NN1 of_IO the_AT extreme_JJ advance_NN1 guard_NN1 of_IO the_AT famous_JJ post-war_JJ baby_NN1 boom_NN1 outlined_VVD by_II \_NULL C._NP1 James_NP1 O'Neill_NP1 (_( 1979_MC )_) :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL But_CCB as_CSA O'Neill_NP1 has_VHZ pointed_VVN out_RP ,_, it_PPH1 was_VBDZ in_II fact_NN1 not_XX a_AT1 true_JJ baby_NN1 boom_NN1 at_RR21 all_RR22 :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL So_RG much_DA1 for_IF the_AT facts_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB facts_NN2 have_VH0 not_XX played_VVN a_AT1 large_JJ part_NN1 in_II how_RRQ the_AT baby_NN1 boom_NN1 has_VHZ generally_RR been_VBN perceived_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL After_CS a_AT1 depression_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 world_NN1 war_NN1 ,_, there_EX was_VBDZ no_AT more_RGR potent_JJ or_CC reassuring_VVG symbol_NN1 of_IO returning_VVG peace_NN1 than_CSN the_AT great_JJ flood-tide_NN1 of_IO children_NN2 that_CST swept_VVD through_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 's_GE maternity_NN1 hospitals_NN2 ,_, homes_NN2 and_CC schools_NN2 :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Just_RR as_CSA ,_, during_II the_AT 1930s_MC2 ,_, the_AT falling_JJ birthrate_NN1 was_VBDZ seen_VVN as_II evidence_NN1 of_IO (_( white_JJ )_) race_NN1 suicide_NN1 ,_, and_CC clarion_NN1 calls_NN2 came_VVD from_II the_AT doctors_NN2 ,_, the_AT press_NN ,_, the_AT church_NN1 and_CC the_AT state_NN1 for_IF an_AT1 end_NN1 to_II female_JJ *'_" selfishness_NN1 **'_" and_CC *'_" the_AT re-enthronement_NN1 of_IO the_AT larger_JJR family_NN **'_" (_( Brookes_NP1 ,_, 1981_MC )_) ,_, so_CS the_AT 1950s_MC2 have_VH0 been_VBN widely_RR seen_VVN as_II the_AT era_NN1 when_CS that_DD1 re-enthronement_NN1 came_VVD about_RP and_CC the_AT (_( Pakeha_NP1 )_) family_NN at_RR21 last_RR22 came_VVD into_II its_APPGE own_DA ._. ^ ^_NULL During_II the_AT war_NN1 ,_, the_AT men_NN2 had_VHD become_VVN *'_" our_APPGE boys_NN2 **'_" ,_, returned_VVN to_II childhood_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 licence_NN1 to_TO kill_VVI (_( Frame_NN1 ,_, 1983_MC )_) ;_; but_CCB now_RT they_PPHS2 were_VBDR home_RL and_CC the_AT life_NN1 of_IO the_AT nation_NN1 ,_, freed_VVN of_IO the_AT necessary_JJ wartime_NN1 aberrations_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 women_NN2 tram_NN1 conductors_NN2 ,_, could_VM resume_VVI its_APPGE rightful_JJ ,_, natural_JJ pattern_NN1 :_: Dad_NN1 at_II work_NN1 ,_, Mum_NN1 at_II home_RL with_IW the_AT kids_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Like_II the_AT baby_NN1 boom_VV0 itself_PPX1 ,_, very_RG little_DA1 about_II the_AT 1950s_MC2 turns_NN2 out_RP to_TO be_VBI what_DDQ it_PPH1 seems_VVZ on_II the_AT surface_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ drawn_VVN to_TO write_VVI about_II that_DD1 decade_NNT1 for_IF two_MC reasons_NN2 :_: first_MD ,_, in_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO look_VVI at_II some_DD of_IO the_AT social_JJ factors_NN2 that_CST helped_VVD to_TO shape_VVI me_PPIO1 and_CC my_APPGE generation_NN1 ;_; and_CC secondly_RR ,_, to_TO bring_VVI a_RR21 little_RR22 more_DAR depth_NN1 and_CC reality_NN1 to_II recollections_NN2 of_IO that_DD1 time_NNT1 ,_, so_BCL21 as_BCL22 to_TO counteract_VVI the_AT vague_JJ image_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 post-war_JJ golden_JJ age_NN1 which_DDQ is_VBZ currently_RR being_VBG so_RG effectively_RR evoked_VVN by_II the_AT reactionary_JJ moralist_NN1 right_NN1 ._. ^ *|_NULL ^_NULL In_II *1_NULL Taking_VVG It_PPH1 Like_II A_AT1 Woman_NN1 ,_, *0_NULL Ann_NP1 Oakley_NP1 (_( 1984:10_MC )_) writes_VVZ :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ precisely_RR this_DD1 type_NN1 of_IO nostalgia_NN1 *-_- though_CS with_IW a_AT1 suburban_JJ ,_, rather_II21 than_II22 rural_JJ ,_, setting_VVG *-_- which_DDQ the_AT moralist_NN1 right_NN1 is_VBZ attempting_VVG to_TO exploit_VVI ,_, through_II its_APPGE calls_NN2 for_IF a_AT1 return_NN1 to_II *'_" traditional_JJ values_NN2 **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II its_APPGE account_NN1 of_IO humanity_NN1 's_GE most_RGT recent_JJ fall_NN1 from_II grace_NN1 ,_, several_DA2 serpents_NN2 entered_VVD the_AT settled_JJ ,_, godly_JJ ,_, prosperous_JJ world_NN1 of_IO the_AT 1950s_MC2 :_: Maori_JJ activists_NN2 ,_, homosexuals_NN2 ,_, feminists_NN2 *-_- but_CCB the_AT worst_JJT of_IO these_DD2 were_VBDR feminists_NN2 ,_, since_CS they_PPHS2 sought_VVD to_TO subvert_VVI the_AT foundations_NN2 of_IO family_NN life_NN1 (_( and_CC hence_RR of_IO national_JJ life_NN1 )_) by_II stirring_VVG up_RP selfishness_NN1 and_CC discontent_NN1 among_II women_NN2 ,_, urging_VVG them_PPHO2 to_TO abandon_VVI their_APPGE God-given_JJ role_NN1 of_IO caring_VVG for_IF others_NN2 and_CC instead_RR become_VVN as_RG demanding_JJ and_CC competitive_JJ as_CSA men_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL John_NP1 Massam_NP1 ,_, the_AT editor_NN1 of_IO *1_NULL Challenge_NN1 Weekly_RR ,_, *0_NULL neatly_RR summed_VVD up_RP the_AT historical_JJ view_NN1 of_IO the_AT right_NN1 in_II a_AT1 recent_JJ interview_NN1 :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL However_RR ,_, some_DD evils_NN2 appear_VV0 to_TO be_VBI more_RGR anti-God_JJ than_CSN others_NN2 :_: the_AT focus_NN1 is_VBZ on_II extra-marital_JJ sexual_JJ activity_NN1 ,_, teenage_JJ pregnancy_NN1 ,_, abortion_NN1 ,_, and_CC homosexuality_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL All_DB of_IO these_DD2 issues_NN2 have_VH0 periodically_RR been_VBN the_AT subject_NN1 of_IO heated_JJ debate_NN1 since_CS European_JJ settlement_NN1 began_VVD in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 ,_, and_CC always_RR (_( except_II21 for_II22 homosexuality_NN1 )_) the_AT debate_NN1 has_VHZ focused_VVN on_II women_NN2 ,_, because_CS they_PPHS2 are_VBR held_VVN responsible_JJ for_IF the_AT moral_JJ standards_NN2 (_( that_REX21 is_REX22 ,_, the_AT sexual_JJ behaviour_NN1 )_) of_IO the_AT nation_NN1 and_CC for_IF the_AT wellbeing_NN1 of_IO the_AT family_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL Men_NN2 's_GE sexuality_NN1 was_VBDZ seen_VVN as_CSA naturally_RR beyond_II their_APPGE control_NN1 ;_; it_PPH1 was_VBDZ therefore_RR up_II21 to_II22 women_NN2 to_II control_NN1 it_PPH1 ,_, by_II denying_VVG men_NN2 sexual_JJ access_NN1 outside_II marriage_NN1 ._. ^ *|_NULL ^_NULL How_RGQ fortunate_JJ that_CST God_NP1 and_CC nature_NN1 had_VHD so_RR arranged_VVN things_NN2 that_CST female_JJ lapses_NN2 were_VBDR very_RG often_RR made_VVN glaringly_RR obvious_JJ by_II pregnancy_NN1 !_! ^ ^_NULL In_II 1945_MC the_AT number_NN1 of_IO babies_NN2 adopted_VVD suddenly_RR doubled_VVD ,_, and_CC I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ one_MC1 of_IO them_PPHO2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT first_MD chapter_NN1 of_IO the_AT book_NN1 therefore_RR focuses_VVZ on_II adoption_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT moralist_NN1 right_RR recognises_VVZ that_CST sinful_JJ human_JJ nature_NN1 being_VBG what_DDQ it_PPH1 is_VBZ ,_, unmarried_JJ motherhood_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 perennial_JJ problem_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Adoption_NN1 represents_VVZ the_AT ideal_JJ solution_NN1 :_: a_AT1 respectable_JJ but_CCB infertile_JJ married_JJ couple_NN1 gets_VVZ a_AT1 baby_NN1 (_( without_IW resorting_VVG to_II morally_RR dubious_JJ technology_NN1 )_) ,_, and_CC the_AT natural_JJ mother_NN1 is_VBZ punished_VVN twice_RR for_IF her_APPGE immorality_NN1 *-_- first_MD by_II having_VHG to_TO go_VVI through_RP with_IW the_AT pregnancy_NN1 ,_, and_CC secondly_RR by_II the_AT baby_NN1 being_VBG taken_VVN away_II21 from_II22 her_PPHO1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Moreover_RR ,_, there_EX is_VBZ little_DA1 call_NN1 on_II the_AT state_NN1 's_VHZ resources_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Kate_NP1 Inglis_NP1 ,_, in_II her_APPGE fine_JJ book_NN1 ,_, *1_NULL Living_JJ Mistakes_NN2 :_: Mothers_NN2 who_PNQS consented_VVD to_II adoption_NN1 *0_NULL (_( 1984_MC )_) ,_, describes_VVZ the_AT situation_NN1 of_IO the_AT unmarried_JJ pregnant_JJ woman_NN1 in_II the_AT 1950s_MC2 :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Like_II Inglis_NP1 ,_, I_PPIS1 want_VV0 my_APPGE examination_NN1 of_IO adoption_NN1 in_II the_AT post-war_JJ years_NNT2 to_TO set_VVI down_RP **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL *|_NULL ^_NULL But_CCB there_EX are_VBR other_JJ ,_, less_RGR dramatic_JJ areas_NN2 of_IO our_APPGE cultural_JJ and_CC social_JJ history_NN1 which_DDQ have_VH0 been_VBN neglected_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL My_APPGE second_MD chapter_NN1 looks_VVZ at_II the_AT series_NN of_IO reading_VVG books_NN2 used_VVN by_II virtually_RR every_AT1 child_NN1 in_II the_AT 1950s_MC2 ._. ^ ^_NULL That_DD1 famous_JJ pair_NN ,_, Janet_NP1 and_CC John_NP1 ,_, arrived_VVN in_II our_APPGE schools_NN2 in_II 1950_MC and_CC were_VBDR not_XX superseded_VVN until_II the_AT 1960s_MC2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Professor_NNB Marie_NP1 Clay_NP1 (_( 1979_MC )_) has_VHZ pointed_VVN out_RP that_CST children_NN2 learn_VV0 to_TO read_VVI in_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO decode_VVI a_AT1 message_NN1 ,_, and_CC everything_PN1 on_II the_AT page_NN1 *-_- typeface_NN1 ,_, layout_NN1 ,_, illustrations_NN2 *-_- contributes_VVZ to_II getting_VVG the_AT message_NN1 across_RL ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB every_AT1 book_NN1 ,_, even_RR for_IF beginners_NN2 ,_, gives_VVZ out_RP a_AT1 second_MD set_NN1 of_IO messages_NN2 ,_, conveying_VVG attitudes_NN2 and_CC values_NN2 about_II the_AT world_NN1 ,_, and_CC in_RR21 particular_RR22 about_II human_JJ behaviour_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Much_DA1 attention_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN paid_VVN to_II messages_NN2 about_II the_AT sexes_NN2 ,_, but_CCB the_AT Janet_NP1 and_CC John_NP1 books_NN2 were_VBDR in_II fact_NN1 not_XX particularly_RR sexist_NN1 :_: both_DB2 children_NN2 were_VBDR energetic_JJ and_CC co-operative_JJ ,_, and_CC neither_RR hogged_VVD the_AT limelight_NN1 or_CC denigrated_VVD the_AT other_JJ ._. ^ (_( ^_NULL The_AT lack_NN1 of_IO appropriate_JJ sex-role_JJ training_NN1 was_VBDZ later_RRR perceived_VVN as_II a_AT1 disadvantage_NN1 for_IF boys_NN2 ,_, and_CC misogynist_NN1 supplementary_JJ readers_NN2 were_VBDR written_VVN in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 specifically_RR to_TO remedy_VVI it_PPH1 ._. )_) ^ ^_NULL What_DDQ the_AT Janet_NP1 and_CC John_NP1 books_NN2 did_VDD convey_VVI was_VBDZ a_AT1 strong_JJ image_NN1 of_IO the_AT only_JJ right_JJ way_NN1 for_IF children_NN2 and_CC their_APPGE parents_NN2 to_TO live_VVI :_: a_AT1 kind_NN1 of_IO cross_NN1 between_II those_DD2 other_JJ model_NN1 families_NN2 whose_DDQGE pictures_NN2 were_VBDR everywhere_RL in_II the_AT 1950s_MC2 ,_, Rupert_NP1 Bear_NN1 and_CC his_APPGE parents_NN2 in_II Nutswood_NP1 ,_, and_CC the_AT Royal_JJ children_NN2 with_IW their_APPGE Nanny_NN1 in_II the_AT nursery_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Janet_NP1 and_CC John_NP1 's_GE model_NN1 life-style_NN1 was_VBDZ distinguished_VVN from_II that_DD1 of_IO their_APPGE predecessors_NN2 ,_, Pat_NP1 and_CC May_NPM1 ,_, by_II its_APPGE forthright_JJ materialism_NN1 :_: in_II31 line_II32 with_II33 the_AT educational_JJ theories_NN2 of_IO the_AT time_NNT1 ,_, and_CC the_AT development_NN1 of_IO the_AT mass_JJ market_NN1 ,_, Janet_NP1 and_CC John_NP1 were_VBDR unable_JJ to_TO amuse_VVI themselves_PPX2 without_IW a_AT1 plethora_NN1 of_IO equipment_NN1 ,_, and_CC storylines_VVZ frequently_RR revolved_VVD around_RP real_JJ or_CC imaginary_JJ shopping_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Small_NP1 wonder_NN1 that_CST Sylvia_NP1 Ashton-Warner_NP (_( 1980_MC )_) found_VVD her_APPGE rural_JJ Maori_JJ pupils_NN2 had_VHD extreme_JJ difficulty_NN1 learning_VVG to_TO read_VVI from_II those_DD2 brightly-coloured_JJ pages_NN2 which_DDQ the_AT Education_NN1 Department_NNJ was_VBDZ so_RG pleased_JJ with_IW ._. ^ *|_NULL ^_NULL Though_CS classes_NN2 at_II my_APPGE suburban_JJ Auckland_NP1 school_NN1 were_VBDR extremely_RR large_JJ *-_- never_RR under_RG 40_MC ,_, sometimes_RT over_RG 50_MC *-_- they_PPHS2 contained_VVD very_RG few_DA2 Maori_JJ children_NN2 ,_, and_CC might_VM as_RR21 well_RR22 have_VHI contained_VVN none_PN ._. ^ ^_NULL However_RR ,_, we_PPIS2 spent_VVD a_AT1 great_JJ deal_NN1 of_IO time_NNT1 studying_VVG the_AT Maoris_NP2 *-_- the_AT early_JJ explorers_NN2 Toi_NP1 and_CC Kupe_NP1 ,_, arrival_NN1 of_IO the_AT Great_JJ Fleet_NNJ ,_, the_AT construction_NN1 of_IO the_AT fortified_JJ pa_NN1 ,_, the_AT deserved_JJ defeat_NN1 of_IO the_AT rebellious_JJ tribes_NN2 in_II the_AT Maori_JJ Wars_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Through_II such_DA studies_NN2 ,_, and_CC in_RR21 particular_RR22 textbooks_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 *1_NULL Our_APPGE Nation_NN1 's_VBZ Story_NN1 ,_, *0_NULL we_PPIS2 were_VBDR well_RR trained_VVN to_TO think_VVI of_IO the_AT Maori_JJ culture_NN1 (_( and_CC even_RR the_AT Maori_JJ people_NN )_) as_CSA thoroughly_RR dead_JJ and_CC gone_VVN ,_, and_CC little_RR in_II the_AT experience_NN1 of_IO urban_JJ Pakeha_NP1 children_NN2 contradicted_VVD this_DD1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT contemporary_JJ Maori_NP1 ,_, especially_RR the_AT Maori_JJ woman_NN1 (_( save_II21 for_II22 a_DD221 few_DD222 crude_JJ stereotypes_NN2 )_) was_VBDZ simply_RR invisible_JJ in_II 1950s_MC2 urban_JJ New_NP Zealand_NP1 culture_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT implications_NN2 and_CC consequences_NN2 of_IO this_DD1 invisibility_NN1 ,_, both_RR for_IF the_AT Maori_JJ and_CC the_AT Pakeha_NP1 ,_, are_VBR only_RR now_RT beginning_VVG to_TO be_VBI explored_VVN and_CC recognised_VVN ,_, and_CC this_DD1 section_NN1 aims_VVZ to_TO be_VBI part_NN1 of_IO that_DD1 process_NN1 ._. ^ *|_NULL ^_NULL Janet_NP1 and_CC John_NP1 spent_VVD much_DA1 of_IO their_APPGE time_NNT1 out_II21 of_II22 doors_NN2 ,_, as_CSA good_JJ New_NP Zealand_NP1 children_NN2 should_VM ,_, and_CC the_AT inside_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE home_NN1 was_VBDZ not_XX shown_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL Yet_RR the_AT 1950s_MC2 was_VBDZ the_AT time_NNT1 when_RRQ the_AT House_NN1 came_VVD into_II its_APPGE own_DA as_II a_AT1 focus_NN1 for_IF middle-class_JJ women_NN2 's_GE creative_JJ energy_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL As_II the_AT severe_JJ post-war_JJ housing_NN1 shortage_NN1 eased_VVD and_CC wartime_NN1 scarcity_NN1 (_( vividly_RR described_VVN in_II interviews_NN2 with_IW older_JJR women_NN2 )_) gave_VVD way_NN1 to_II plenty_NN1 ,_, the_AT media_NN urged_VVD women_NN2 to_TO spend_VVI the_AT time_NNT1 saved_VVD by_II vacuum_NN1 cleaners_NN2 and_CC other_JJ modern_JJ *'_" home_NN1 appliances_NN2 **'_" on_II Home_NN1 Decorating_VVG ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 picked_VVD up_RP the_AT message_NN1 very_RG early_RR ,_, mainly_RR from_II the_AT pages_NN2 of_IO my_APPGE mother_NN1 's_VBZ fat_JJ weekly_JJ bundle_NN1 of_IO magazines_NN2 ,_, showing_VVG fascinating_JJ floor_NN1 plans_NN2 of_IO the_AT right_NN and_CC wrong_JJ ways_NN2 to_TO arrange_VVI furniture_NN1 ,_, or_CC ten_MC bright_JJ ideas_NN2 for_IF trimming_VVG lampshades_NN2 ;_; and_CC I_PPIS1 soon_RR understood_VVN that_CST these_DD2 activities_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ so_RG easily_RR became_VVD compulsive_JJ ,_, were_VBDR far_RG more_RGR appropriate_JJ outlets_NN2 for_IF female_JJ creativity_NN1 than_CSN Art_NP1 itself_PPX1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Yet_RR they_PPHS2 were_VBDR in_II no_AT way_NN1 to_TO be_VBI taken_VVN seriously_RR ,_, nor_CC was_VBDZ their_APPGE value_NN1 to_TO be_VBI recognised_VVN ,_, by_II men_NN2 ;_; far_RR from_II being_VBG of_IO benefit_NN1 to_II men_NN2 ,_, they_PPHS2 were_VBDR understood_VVN to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 burden_NN1 on_II them_PPHO2 ,_, the_AT topic_NN1 of_IO innumerable_JJ jokes_NN2 and_CC jibes_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Similarly_RR ,_, food_NN1 and_CC cooking_NN1 took_VVD on_RP a_AT1 new_JJ ,_, apparently_RR *'_" creative_JJ **'_" aspect_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL At_RR21 first_RR22 ,_, you_PPY knew_VVD where_RRQ you_PPY were_VBDR with_IW food_NN1 in_II the_AT 1950s_MC2 *-_- bread_NN1 was_VBDZ white_JJ ,_, salad_NN1 dressing_NN1 was_VBDZ made_VVN from_II condensed_JJ milk_NN1 ,_, and_CC cheese_NN1 was_VBDZ mousetrap_NN1 or_CC Chesdale_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL New_NP Zealand_NP1 women_NN2 had_VHD long_RR been_VBN famed_JJ for_IF their_APPGE baking_NN1 ;_; but_CCB soon_RR cooking_VVG the_AT main_JJ meals_NN2 began_VVD to_TO be_VBI sold_VVN as_II a_AT1 fun_JJ activity_NN1 ,_, rather_II21 than_II22 a_AT1 necessary_JJ daily_JJ task_NN1 ,_, and_CC recipes_NN2 tentatively_RR became_VVD a_RR21 little_RR22 more_RGR daring_JJ ,_, albeit_CS still_RR working_VVG with_IW a_AT1 limited_JJ range_NN1 of_IO ingredients_NN2 (_( which_DDQ gave_VVD rise_NN1 to_II some_DD bizarre_JJ inventions_NN2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 *'_" Chesdale_NP1 Jelly_NN1 **'_" )_) ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL At_II the_AT same_DA time_NNT1 as_CSA the_AT task_NN1 of_IO food_NN1 preparation_NN1 was_VBDZ being_VBG expanded_VVN in_II this_DD1 way_NN1 ,_, the_AT ideal_JJ female_JJ figure_NN1 was_VBDZ being_VBG thinned_VVN down_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL Prewar_JJ advertisements_NN2 frequently_RR offered_JJ remedies_NN2 for_IF excessive_JJ thinness_NN1 ,_, especially_RR in_II the_AT bust_NN1 ,_, but_CCB also_RR in_II arms_NN2 and_CC legs_NN2 ;_; soon_RR after_II the_AT war_NN1 ,_, articles_NN2 on_II *'_" dieting_VVG **'_" ,_, {_NULL i.e._REX }_NULL controlling_JJ food_NN1 intake_NN1 to_TO lose_VVI weight_NN1 ,_, began_VVD to_TO appear_VVI in_II the_AT ubiquitous_JJ women_NN2 's_GE magazines_NN2 ,_, right_RR alongside_II recipes_NN2 for_IF *'_" interesting_JJ **'_" new_JJ dishes_NN2 *'_" to_TO tempt_VVI the_AT family_NN **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL While_CS women_NN2 's_GE relationship_NN1 with_IW food_NN1 has_VHZ probably_RR always_RR been_VBN problematic_JJ ,_, it_PPH1 became_VVD particularly_RR complicated_JJ and_CC contradictory_JJ in_II the_AT 1950s_MC2 ,_, not_XX least_RRT because_II21 of_II22 the_AT increased_JJ self-investment_NN1 demanded_VVD in_II an_AT1 activity_NN1 where_RRQ success_NN1 is_VBZ measured_VVN in_II31 terms_II32 of_II33 the_AT speed_NN1 with_IW which_DDQ the_AT outcome_NN1 is_VBZ destroyed_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL Learning_VVG to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 woman_NN1 included_VVN internalising_VVG these_DD2 contradictions_NN2 ,_, abetted_VVN by_II the_AT earnest_JJ ritual_NN1 of_IO school_NN1 cookery_NN1 classes_NN2 ._. ^ *|_NULL ^_NULL As_II the_AT children_NN2 of_IO the_AT baby_NN1 boom_NN1 grew_VVD up_RP ,_, their_APPGE sheer_JJ numbers_NN2 made_VVD them_PPHO2 a_AT1 formidable_JJ force_NN1 ,_, and_CC their_APPGE unprecedented_JJ prosperity_NN1 made_VVD them_PPHO2 an_AT1 irresistible_JJ target_NN1 consumer_NN1 group_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT teenage_JJ subculture_NN1 developed_VVD earliest_RRT in_II the_AT United_NP States_NP1 ,_, where_CS mass_JJ marketing_NN1 was_VBDZ most_RGT advanced_JJ ;_; and_CC the_AT American_JJ influence_NN1 on_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 culture_NN1 ,_, already_RR heightened_VVD by_II the_AT actual_JJ presence_NN1 of_IO {_NULL US_PPIO2 }_NULL servicemen_NN2 during_II the_AT war_NN1 ,_, became_VVD much_RR more_RGR pervasive_JJ during_II the_AT 1950s_MC2 ,_, especially_RR among_II teenagers_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Hollywood_NP1 movie_NN1 was_VBDZ one_MC1 of_IO the_AT principal_JJ agents_NN2 of_IO this_DD1 invasion_NN1 :_: in_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO capture_VVI the_AT teenage_JJ audience_NN ,_, the_AT industry_NN1 starred_VVD pop_NN1 idols_VVZ such_II21 as_II22 Elvis_NP1 Presley_NP1 and_CC Pat_NP1 Boone_NP1 in_II hastily_RR dreamt-up_JJ vehicles_NN2 which_DDQ were_VBDR ostensibly_RR about_II the_AT ups_NN2 and_CC downs_NN2 of_IO boy/_FO girl_NN1 relationships_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II fact_NN1 ,_, like_II their_APPGE more_RGR serious_JJ counterparts_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 *1_NULL Rebel_NN1 Without_IW a_AT1 Cause_NN1 *0_NULL and_CC *1_NULL Blue_JJ Denim_NN1 ,_, *0_NULL these_DD2 apparently_RR light-hearted_JJ romps_NN2 were_VBDR obsessed_JJ with_IW the_AT dilemma_NN1 of_IO how_RRQ boys_NN2 could_VM ever_RR become_VVI men_NN2 in_II the_AT new_JJ *'_" feminine_JJ **'_" age_NN1 of_IO comfort_NN1 and_CC consumerism_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT answer_NN1 was_VBDZ ,_, first_MD ,_, to_TO remove_VVI the_AT power_NN1 of_IO the_AT dominant_JJ mother_NN1 who_PNQS ,_, even_RR in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 ,_, undermined_VVD paternal_JJ authority_NN1 by_II emasculating_VVG her_APPGE husband_NN1 ,_, thus_RR turning_VVG him_PPHO1 into_II that_DD1 pathetic_JJ figure_NN1 ,_, *'_" The_AT Father_NNB Who_NP1 Is_VBZ Despised_JJ in_II His_APPGE Own_DA House_NN1 **'_" ;_; and_CC secondly_RR ,_, to_TO make_VVI sure_JJ young_JJ women_NN2 knew_VVD their_APPGE place_NN1 ,_, and_CC stayed_VVD in_II it_PPH1 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 228+TEXT+G41_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT confiscation_NN1 and_CC sale_NN1 of_IO Maori_JJ land_NN1 ,_, and_CC increasing_VVG urbanisation_NN1 ,_, have_VH0 eroded_VVN the_AT traditional_JJ rural_JJ lifestyle_NN1 of_IO the_AT Maori_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Much_RR contemporary_JJ Maori_JJ writing_NN1 has_VHZ focused_VVN on_II the_AT loss_NN1 of_IO tribal_JJ land_NN1 and_CC on_II the_AT alien_JJ suburban_JJ and_CC urban_JJ landscape_NN1 ,_, as_CSA in_II Chapter_NN1 Seven_MC of_IO this_DD1 book_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Maori_JJ writing_NN1 draws_VVZ heavily_RR on_II a_AT1 sense_NN1 of_IO place_NN1 ,_, season_NNT1 and_CC interaction_NN1 with_IW the_AT environment_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT spirit_NN1 of_IO the_AT land_NN1 may_VM permeate_VVI much_RR Maori_JJ writing_NN1 ,_, but_CCB its_APPGE presence_NN1 is_VBZ often_RR implicit_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Traditional_NP1 Maori_NP1 poetry_NN1 ,_, for_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, uses_VVZ conventional_JJ structures_NN2 and_CC references_NN2 in_II a_AT1 cryptic_JJ allusive_JJ style_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Poems_NN2 often_RR begin_VV0 with_IW two_MC or_CC three_MC line_NN1 references_NN2 to_II a_AT1 particular_JJ landscape_NN1 and_CC then_RT the_AT scope_NN1 of_IO the_AT poem_NN1 may_VM appear_VVI to_TO change_VVI ,_, or_CC at_RR21 least_RR22 widen_VVI considerably_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT mood_NN1 and_CC allusions_NN2 from_II these_DD2 initial_JJ references_NN2 ,_, however_RR ,_, enrich_VV0 the_AT work_NN1 as_II a_AT1 whole_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL While_CS some_DD contemporary_JJ short_JJ stories_NN2 and_CC novels_NN2 have_VH0 a_AT1 sense_NN1 of_IO place_NN1 so_RG strong_JJ that_CST one_PN1 can_VM almost_RR feel_VVI the_AT earth_NN1 ,_, there_EX may_VM be_VBI few_DA2 set_JJ pieces_NN2 of_IO *"_" scenic_JJ description_NN1 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II *1_NULL the_AT bone_NN1 people_NN ,_, *0_NULL the_AT landscape_NN1 has_VHZ the_AT power_NN1 to_TO heal_VVI ,_, educate_VVI ,_, and_CC unite_VVI those_DD2 responsive_JJ to_II it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT land_NN1 is_VBZ completely_RR interwoven_VVN with_IW the_AT imagery_NN1 ,_, characters_NN2 and_CC plot_NN1 in_II the_AT novel_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Despite_II this_DD1 central_JJ importance_NN1 of_IO landscape_NN1 there_EX are_VBR few_DA2 passages_NN2 describing_VVG it_PPH1 which_DDQ can_VM be_VBI fully_RR appreciated_VVN in_II isolation_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT complete_JJ integration_NN1 of_IO the_AT landscape_NN1 with_IW the_AT Maori_JJ world_NN1 view_NN1 is_VBZ paralleled_VVN in_II the_AT integration_NN1 of_IO landscape_NN1 with_IW the_AT fabric_NN1 of_IO Maori_JJ literature_NN1 ._. ^ *|_NULL ^_NULL Many_DA2 of_IO the_AT first_MD Pakeha_NP1 writing_VVG about_II the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 landscape_NN1 were_VBDR visitors_NN2 ,_, travellers_NN2 or_CC explorers_NN2 who_PNQS in_II no_AT sense_NN1 belonged_VVD to_II the_AT country_NN1 or_CC felt_VVD part_NN1 of_IO the_AT landscape_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Many_DA2 were_VBDR enthusiastic_JJ amateur_JJ scientists_NN2 *-_- geographers_NN2 ,_, cartographers_NN2 ,_, geologists_NN2 and_CC naturalists_NN2 *-_- who_PNQS saw_VVD the_AT landscape_NN1 as_II a_ZZ1 challenge_VV0 to_TO be_VBI explored_VVN ,_, recorded_VVD ,_, and_CC exploited_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL Ian_NP1 Wedde_NP1 wrote_VVD :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT early_JJ appropriations_NN2 of_IO these_DD2 explorers_NN2 were_VBDR linguistic_JJ ;_; in_II renaming_VVG features_NN2 of_IO the_AT landscape_NN1 they_PPHS2 began_VVD to_TO stake_VVI their_APPGE claim_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Aotearoa_NP1 became_VVD New_NP Zealand_NP1 ;_; Aorangi_NP1 ,_, \_NULL Mt_NNL1 Cook_NP ;_; and_CC Takaparawha_NP1 ,_, Bastion_NP Point_NNL1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Some_DD early_JJ writers_NN2 deplored_VVD this_DD1 linguistic_JJ coup_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL John_NP1 Logan_NP1 Campbell_NP1 wrote_VVD in_II *1_NULL Poenamo_NP1 :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL To_II Pakeha_NP1 explorers_NN2 and_CC scientists_NN2 the_AT landscape_NN1 was_VBDZ harsh_JJ and_CC unknown_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 were_VBDR often_RR led_VVN by_II Maori_NP1 guides_VVZ in_II their_APPGE travels_NN2 around_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Despite_II this_DD1 liaison_NN1 with_IW Maori_JJ experts_NN2 ,_, these_DD2 Pakeha_NP1 recorded_VVD views_NN2 of_IO the_AT Maori_JJ relationship_NN1 with_IW the_AT landscape_NN1 which_DDQ were_VBDR usually_RR patronising_VVG or_CC explicitly_RR critical_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT stance_NN1 of_IO most_DAT of_IO the_AT nineteenth_MD century_NNT1 writers_NN2 included_VVN in_II this_DD1 book_NN1 is_VBZ that_DD1 of_IO outsiders_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL These_DD2 early_JJ Pakeha_NP1 were_VBDR writing_VVG for_IF an_AT1 audience_NN which_DDQ had_VHD never_RR seen_VVN New_NP Zealand_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Katherine_NP1 Mansfield_NP1 wrote_VVD (_( in_II *1_NULL Novels_NN2 and_CC Novelists_NN2 )_) *0_NULL that_CST frequent_JJ allusion_NN1 to_II magnificent_JJ ,_, indigenous_JJ scenery_NN1 was_VBDZ pointless_JJ if_CSW it_PPH1 could_VM n't_XX convey_VVI a_AT1 picture_NN1 to_II the_AT English_JJ reader_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Writing_VVG for_IF a_AT1 distant_JJ readership_NN1 contributed_VVD to_II the_AT writer_NN1 's_GE and_CC reader_NN1 's_VBZ sense_NN1 of_IO separateness_NN1 from_II the_AT country_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 detachedness_NN1 made_VVD it_PPH1 easier_RRR to_TO see_VVI the_AT land_NN1 as_CSA being_VBG *"_" up_RP for_IF grabs_NN2 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL Early_JJ writers_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 John_NP1 Carne_NP1 Bidwill_NP1 saw_VVD and_CC assessed_VVD the_AT land_NN1 primarily_RR in_II31 terms_II32 of_II33 its_APPGE suitability_NN1 for_IF settlers_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Other_JJ early_JJ writers_NN2 ,_, again_RT conscious_JJ of_IO their_APPGE distant_JJ readers_NN2 ,_, stressed_VVD the_AT exotic_JJ and_CC wrote_VVD what_DDQ Denis_NP1 Glover_NP1 called_VVD *"_" scenic_JJ stories_NN2 to_TO tell_VVI an_AT1 English_JJ audience_NN all_RR about_II this_DD1 little_JJ country_NN1 **"_" ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL As_CSA discussed_VVN earlier_RRR ,_, landscapes_NN2 which_DDQ did_VDD not_XX fit_VVI the_AT conventions_NN2 of_IO European_JJ aesthetics_NN2 were_VBDR ignored_VVN or_CC downgraded_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL Persistent_JJ writing_NN1 of_IO certain_JJ places_NN2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 the_AT thermal_JJ regions_NN2 or_CC dramatic_JJ mountain_NN1 ranges_NN2 ,_, in_II itself_PPX1 established_VVD their_APPGE significance_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT experience_NN1 of_IO landscape_NN1 in_II literature_NN1 ,_, as_CC31 well_CC32 as_CC33 the_AT direct_JJ experience_NN1 of_IO landscape_NN1 itself_PPX1 ,_, affected_JJ attitudes_NN2 to_II the_AT land_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Some_DD writers_NN2 saw_VVD the_AT landscape_NN1 as_CSA inherently_RR beautiful_JJ because_CS it_PPH1 was_VBDZ God_NP1 's_GE handiwork_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ therefore_RR at_II its_APPGE best_JJT when_RRQ *"_" undestroyed_JJ by_II the_AT arts_NN2 introduced_VVN by_II mankind_NN1 **"_" (_( {_NULL J._NP1 S._NP1 }_NULL Polack_NP1 )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL Contemplating_NP1 Nature_NN1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 spiritual_JJ activity_NN1 because_CS the_AT spectator_NN1 was_VBDZ contemplating_VVG God_NP1 or_CC at_RR21 least_RR22 God_NP1 's_GE work_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT few_DA2 early_JJ Pakeha_NP1 to_TO use_VVI the_AT landscape_NN1 imaginatively_RR ,_, as_II a_AT1 symbol_NN1 in_II their_APPGE work_NN1 ,_, were_VBDR those_DD2 such_II21 as_II22 Richard_NP1 Taylor_NP1 who_PNQS combined_VVD landscape_NN1 and_CC religious_JJ imagery_NN1 in_II31 line_II32 with_II33 European_JJ tradition_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Another_DD1 aesthetic_JJ tradition_NN1 which_DDQ many_DA2 nineteenth_MD century_NNT1 writers_NN2 maintained_VVD was_VBDZ that_DD1 of_IO the_AT *"_" Sublime_JJ **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL Landscapes_NN2 were_VBDR seen_VVN as_CSA sublime_JJ when_CS they_PPHS2 aroused_VVD feelings_NN2 of_IO awe_NN1 ,_, excitement_NN1 ,_, fear_NN1 or_CC dread_NN1 which_DDQ the_AT spectator_NN1 enjoyed_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL Favourite_JJ sublime_JJ landscapes_NN2 were_VBDR mountains_NN2 ,_, volcanoes_NN2 ,_, dense_JJ bush_NN1 or_CC forests_NN2 ,_, and_CC the_AT sea_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT sublime_JJ often_RR contrasts_VVZ human_JJ frailty_NN1 with_IW the_AT vastness_NN1 and_CC power_NN1 of_IO Nature_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Polack_NP1 's_GE description_NN1 of_IO the_AT Maunganui_NP1 Headland_NP1 is_VBZ typical_JJ of_IO writing_VVG in_II the_AT sublime_JJ tradition_NN1 ._. ^ *|_NULL ^_NULL Nineteenth_MD century_NNT1 women_NN2 and_CC men_NN2 had_VHD *-_- literally_RR *-_- different_JJ views_NN2 of_IO landscape_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Women_NN2 's_GE writing_NN1 of_IO the_AT period_NN1 usually_RR reflects_VVZ their_APPGE isolated_JJ and_CC restricted_JJ lives_NN2 and_CC the_AT details_NN2 of_IO their_APPGE domestic_JJ and_CC family_NN responsibilities_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL When_CS they_PPHS2 did_VDD record_VVI their_APPGE visions_NN2 of_IO landscape_NN1 ,_, however_RR ,_, they_PPHS2 were_VBDR often_RR sympathetic_JJ to_II the_AT distinctive_JJ beauty_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE surroundings_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT reaction_NN1 of_IO the_AT men_NN2 was_VBDZ usually_RR different_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Some_DD ,_, such_II21 as_II22 Gerhard_NP1 Mueller_NP1 ,_, appreciated_VVD their_APPGE environment_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 wrote_VVD to_II his_APPGE wife_NN1 :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL You_PPY ,_, no_RR21 doubt_RR22 ,_, think_VV0 that_CST I_PPIS1 am_VBM in_II a_AT1 wild_JJ country_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Certainly_RR it_PPH1 is_VBZ a_AT1 wild_JJ and_CC romantic_JJ one_PN1 ,_, and_CC I_PPIS1 am_VBM most_RGT decidedly_RR enjoying_VVG it_PPH1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Most_DAT men_NN2 were_VBDR prosaic_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Sarah_NP1 Amelia_NP1 Courage_NP1 wrote_VVD in_II her_APPGE autobiography_NN1 that_CST she_PPHS1 asked_VVD her_APPGE husband_NN1 if_CS the_AT run_NN1 he_PPHS1 had_VHD bought_VVN near_II Christchurch_NP1 was_VBDZ pretty_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 echoed_VVD comments_NN2 Samuel_NP1 Butler_NP1 had_VHD made_VVN in_II *1_NULL A_AT1 First_MD Year_NNT1 in_II a_AT1 Canterbury_NP1 Settlement_NN1 *0_NULL when_RRQ she_PPHS1 wrote_VVD :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT harshness_NN1 of_IO life_NN1 for_IF men_NN2 was_VBDZ related_VVN to_II the_AT difficulties_NN2 of_IO outdoor_JJ life_NN1 rather_II21 than_II22 the_AT limitations_NN2 of_IO indoor_JJ living_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Men_NN2 were_VBDR often_RR involved_JJ in_II the_AT laborious_JJ task_NN1 of_IO clearing_VVG the_AT land_NN1 ,_, and_CC when_RRQ writing_NN1 of_IO the_AT landscape_NN1 naturally_RR tended_VVD to_TO assess_VVI it_PPH1 in_II31 terms_II32 of_II33 its_APPGE productivity_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Ernst_NP1 Dieffenbach_NP1 wrote_VVD in_II *1_NULL Travels_NN2 in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 *0_NULL that_CST many_DA2 emigrants_NN2 did_VDD not_XX intend_VVI to_TO make_VVI New_NP Zealand_NP1 their_APPGE home_NN1 ,_, but_CCB to_TO make_VVI a_AT1 fortune_NN1 here_RL as_RG quickly_RR as_CSA possible_JJ before_II returning_VVG to_II their_APPGE native_JJ lands_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL For_IF the_AT large_JJ proportion_NN1 of_IO British_JJ immigrants_NN2 in_II the_AT nineteenth_MD century_NNT1 who_PNQS were_VBDR in_II temporary_JJ *"_" exile_NN1 **"_" ,_, land_NN1 was_VBDZ used_VVN for_IF speculation_NN1 and_CC profit_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Women_NN2 's_GE and_CC men_NN2 's_GE writing_NN1 shows_VVZ different_JJ views_NN2 of_IO the_AT landscape_NN1 ,_, but_CCB they_PPHS2 had_VHD in_RR21 common_RR22 the_AT desire_NN1 to_TO domesticate_VVI ,_, to_TO tame_VVI their_APPGE environment_NN1 ,_, by_II replacing_VVG bush_NN1 with_IW grass_NN1 ,_, scrub_NN1 with_IW flowering_VVG shrubs_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Many_DA2 early_JJ writers_NN2 deplored_VVD the_AT *"_" emptiness_NN1 **"_" of_IO their_APPGE surroundings_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Used_VVN to_II more_RGR densely_RR populated_JJ countries_NN2 ,_, they_PPHS2 felt_VVD very_RG lonely_JJ in_II the_AT open_JJ New_NP Zealand_NP1 countryside_NN1 ,_, and_CC longed_VVD to_II people_NN the_AT landscape_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Charles_NP1 Hursthouse_NP1 wrote_VVD in_II 1857_MC :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Another_DD1 nineteenth_MD century_NNT1 writer_NN1 ,_, Thomas_NP1 Chapman_NP1 wrote_VVD :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 has_VHZ many_DA2 ,_, many_DA2 times_NNT2 been_VBN grief_NN1 to_TO mind_VVI to_TO see_VVI thousands_NNO2 of_IO acres_NNU2 of_IO land_NN1 lying_VVG waste_NN1 and_CC miles_NNU2 of_IO country_NN1 desolate_NN1 and_CC entirely_RR uninhabited_JJ ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Richard_NP1 Taylor_NP1 described_VVD the_AT grassland_NN1 near_II Tongariro_NP1 as_II *"_" a_AT1 world_NN1 blasted_VVD by_II sin_NN1 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 like_II many_DA2 others_NN2 of_IO the_AT period_NN1 explicitly_RR linked_VVD the_AT barrenness_NN1 of_IO the_AT landscape_NN1 with_IW sin_NN1 ,_, with_IW a_AT1 failure_NN1 to_TO revere_VVI God_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL New_JJ settlers_NN2 transformed_VVD the_AT land_NN1 for_IF profit_NN1 and_CC to_TO make_VVI it_PPH1 more_RRR like_II their_APPGE countries_NN2 of_IO origin_NN1 ,_, usually_RR Britain_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 deliberately_RR introduced_JJ vegetation_NN1 and_CC architecture_NN1 to_TO make_VVI New_NP Zealand_NP1 a_AT1 home_NN1 away_II21 from_II22 Home_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Some_DD writers_NN2 valued_VVD their_APPGE new_JJ country_NN1 for_IF its_APPGE distinctiveness_NN1 ,_, but_CCB the_AT majority_NN longed_VVD to_TO transform_VVI New_NP Zealand_NP1 into_II the_AT Britain_NP1 of_IO the_AT South_NP Pacific_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 wrote_VVD approvingly_RR of_IO settlers_NN2 '_GE attempts_NN2 to_TO replace_VVI features_NN2 of_IO the_AT landscape_NN1 with_IW scenes_NN2 with_IW which_DDQ they_PPHS2 were_VBDR more_RGR familiar_JJ ,_, particularly_RR pastoral_JJ scenes_NN2 and_CC gardens_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Clearing_VVG the_AT land_NN1 was_VBDZ equated_VVN with_IW Christianising_VVG the_AT country_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Converting_VVG the_AT Maori_JJ to_II Christianity_NN1 was_VBDZ seen_VVN as_CSA one_MC1 duty_NN1 inextricably_RR bound_VVN up_RP with_IW another_DD1 ,_, that_DD1 of_IO *"_" civilising_VVG **"_" the_AT landscape_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT firm_JJ assumption_NN1 was_VBDZ that_CST both_DB2 duties_NN2 would_VM inevitably_RR bring_VVI improvement_NN1 ._. ^ *|_NULL ^_NULL By_II the_AT time_NNT1 the_AT twentieth_MD century_NNT1 arrived_VVD the_AT landscape_NN1 was_VBDZ regarded_VVN as_II an_AT1 adversary_NN1 against_II which_DDQ the_AT settlers_NN2 pitted_VVD themselves_PPX2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Regeneration_NN1 of_IO bush_NN1 ,_, erosion_NN1 ,_, floods_NN2 and_CC slips_NN2 protested_VVD the_AT farmers_NN2 '_GE attempts_NN2 at_II possession_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT farmers_NN2 ,_, in_II turn_NN1 ,_, felt_VVD bitterness_NN1 at_II the_AT defiant_JJ refusal_NN1 of_IO the_AT land_NN1 to_TO fulfil_VVI their_APPGE expectations_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II Pakeha_NP1 writing_NN1 ,_, many_DA2 characters_NN2 gain_VV0 stature_NN1 from_II their_APPGE epic_JJ attempts_NN2 to_TO subdue_VVI the_AT land_NN1 (_( as_CSA in_II novels_NN2 by_II Jane_NP1 Mander_NP1 and_CC William_NP1 Satchell_NP1 )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 admiration_NN1 sometimes_RT occurs_VVZ despite_II the_AT writer_NN1 's_VBZ acknowledgement_NN1 of_IO the_AT damage_NN1 being_VBG done_VDN to_II the_AT environment_NN1 in_II the_AT name_NN1 of_IO *"_" progress_NN1 **"_" ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL By_II the_AT 1930s_MC2 and_CC 40s_MC2 ,_, writers_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 Frank_NP1 Sargeson_NP1 and_CC Roderick_NP1 Finlayson_NP1 recognised_VVD ,_, with_IW some_DD guilt_NN1 and_CC sorrow_NN1 ,_, their_APPGE ancestors_NN2 '_GE determination_NN1 to_TO possess_VVI and_CC exploit_VVI the_AT land_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 explored_VVD the_AT unequal_JJ dominating_JJ relationship_NN1 the_AT Pakeha_NP1 had_VHD assumed_VVN with_IW the_AT land_NN1 and_CC its_APPGE denial_NN1 of_IO the_AT Maori_JJ tradition_NN1 of_IO coexistence_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 wrote_VVD of_IO the_AT inevitable_JJ alienation_NN1 of_IO settlers_NN2 ,_, farmers_NN2 and_CC early_JJ Pakeha_NP1 inhabitants_NN2 who_PNQS aimed_VVD to_TO possess_VVI a_AT1 land_NN1 rather_CS21 than_CS22 belong_VVI to_II it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Bill_NP1 Pearson_NP1 ,_, in_II his_APPGE essay_NN1 *"_" Fretful_NP1 Sleepers_NP1 **"_" ,_, wrote_VVD that_DD1 hostility_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX in_II the_AT landscape_NN1 ,_, *"_" it_PPH1 is_VBZ we_PPIS2 who_PNQS are_VBR hostile_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 have_VH0 n't_XX made_VVN friends_NN2 with_IW the_AT land_NN1 ._. **"_" ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 Pakeha_NP1 failure_NN1 to_TO relate_VVI to_II the_AT land_NN1 ,_, to_TO come_VVI to_II terms_NN2 with_IW New_NP Zealand_NP1 landscape_NN1 ,_, had_VHD been_VBN an_AT1 important_JJ theme_NN1 ,_, almost_RR an_AT1 obsession_NN1 in_II much_RR twentieth-century_JJ New_NP Zealand_NP1 literature_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Another_DD1 reason_NN1 for_IF the_AT alienation_NN1 from_II the_AT landscape_NN1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 so-called_JJ *"_" lack_NN1 of_IO history_NN1 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL Some_DD Pakeha_NP1 writers_NN2 in_II the_AT 1930s_MC2 and_CC 40s_MC2 ignored_VVD Maori_JJ history_NN1 and_CC involvement_NN1 with_IW the_AT landscape_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL John_NP1 Mulgan_NP1 ,_, in_II *1_NULL Report_NN1 on_II Experience_NN1 ,_, *0_NULL wrote_VVD that_CST New_NP Zealand_NP1 was_VBDZ not_XX an_AT1 old_JJ country_NN1 *"_" in_II the_AT European_JJ sense_NN1 where_RRQ countries_NN2 are_VBR old_JJ with_IW the_AT marks_NN2 of_IO humanity_NN1 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 saw_VVD the_AT land_NN1 as_CSA being_VBG old_JJ but_CCB *"_" quite_RG untouched_JJ by_II men_NN2 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL Such_DA writing_NN1 ignored_VVD the_AT considerable_JJ physical_JJ and_CC oral_JJ evidence_NN1 of_IO centuries_NNT2 of_IO Maori_JJ occupation_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Other_JJ Pakeha_NP1 writers_NN2 longed_VVD to_TO feel_VVI *"_" native_JJ **"_" to_II the_AT country_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Charles_NP1 Brasch_NP1 wrote_VVD enviously_RR of_IO the_AT ability_NN1 of_IO the_AT Maori_JJ to_TO understand_VVI and_CC belong_VVI to_II the_AT land_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT titles_NN2 of_IO his_APPGE books_NN2 reveal_VV0 his_APPGE preoccupations_NN2 :_: *1_NULL Home_NN1 Ground_NN1 ,_, Disputed_JJ Ground_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL He_PPHS1 believed_VVD the_AT Pakeha_NP1 could_VM begin_VVI to_TO identify_VVI with_IW the_AT landscape_NN1 *"_" only_RR in_II the_AT wash_NN1 of_IO time_NNT1 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 ,_, Allen_NP1 Curnow_NP1 ,_, and_CC many_DA2 others_NN2 acknowledged_VVD no_AT conquest_NN1 or_CC taming_NN1 could_VM make_VVI land_NN1 belong_VVI to_II a_AT1 people_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL Once_RR *"_" Dearest_JJT dust_NN1 and_CC shadow_NN1 **"_" had_VHD been_VBN offered_VVN ,_, the_AT living_JJ and_CC the_AT dead_JJ could_VM begin_VVI to_TO be_VBI part_NN1 of_IO the_AT land_NN1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL In_II the_AT 1930s_MC2 writers_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 Robin_NP1 Hyde_NP1 ,_, Denis_NP1 Glover_NP1 ,_, {_NULL A._NP1 R._NP1 D._NP1 }_NULL Fairburn_NP1 ,_, Brasch_NP1 and_CC Curnow_NP1 consciously_RR rejected_VVD England_NP1 as_II the_AT *"_" motherland_NN1 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 wanted_VVD to_TO end_VVI New_NP Zealand_NP1 's_GE cultural_JJ and_CC economic_JJ dependence_NN1 ,_, and_CC to_TO sever_VVI the_AT *"_" umbilical_JJ cord_NN1 of_IO butterfat_NN1 holding_VVG us_PPIO2 in_II subservience_NN1 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 asserted_VVD their_APPGE nationalism_NN1 in_II their_APPGE literature_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Hyde_NP1 wrote_VVD that_CST after_CS the_AT depression_NN1 her_APPGE contemporaries_NN2 had_VHD ceased_VVN to_TO be_VBI *"_" forever_RT England_NP1 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 turned_VVD to_TO New_NP Zealand_NP1 landscape_NN1 and_CC history_NN1 for_IF inspiration_NN1 :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Ruth_NP1 Harley_NP1 has_VHZ described_VVN in_II her_APPGE unpublished_JJ {_NULL PhD_NN1 }_NULL thesis_NN1 how_RRQ writers_NN2 in_II this_DD1 period_NN1 struggled_VVD to_TO inhabit_VVI a_AT1 country_NN1 imaginatively_RR where_CS previously_RR they_PPHS2 had_VHD only_RR been_VBN camping_VVG ._. ^ ^_NULL Curnow_NP1 wanted_VVD to_TO discover_VVI *"_" self_NN1 in_II country_NN1 and_CC country_NN1 in_II self_NN1 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL Pakeha_NP1 writers_NN2 felt_VVD that_CST up_RP till_II this_DD1 time_NNT1 they_PPHS2 had_VHD lived_VVN on_II the_AT land_NN1 rather_II21 than_II22 in_II it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Glover_NP1 announced_VVD in_II *1_NULL Home_NN1 Thoughts_NN2 :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Glover_NP1 's_GE preoccupations_NN2 in_II this_DD1 poem_NN1 were_VBDR shared_VVN by_II many_DA2 of_IO his_APPGE contemporaries_NN2 ;_; New_NP Zealand_NP1 being_VBG the_AT stimulus_NN1 for_IF literature_NN1 ,_, an_AT1 emphasis_NN1 on_II reality_NN1 ,_, on_II thinking_VVG rather_II21 than_II22 dreaming_VVG ,_, and_CC an_AT1 interest_NN1 in_II the_AT ordinary_JJ life_NN1 in_II small_JJ town_NN1 New_NP Zealand_NP1 rather_II21 than_II22 idealised_JJ overseas_JJ settings_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Writers_NN2 were_VBDR beginning_VVG to_TO accept_VVI their_APPGE environment_NN1 and_CC value_NN1 its_APPGE distinctiveness_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II his_APPGE autobiography_NN1 Sargeson_NP1 compared_VVD a_AT1 native_JJ honeysuckle_NN1 in_II the_AT Mamaku_NP1 plateau_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 tame_JJ one_PN1 planted_VVD out_II21 of_II22 nostalgia_NN1 for_IF *"_" Home_NN1 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 saw_VVD the_AT native_JJ plant_NN1 as_II a_AT1 symbol_NN1 of_IO *"_" New_NP Zealand_NP1 as_CSA it_PPH1 might_VM worthily_RR have_VHI been_VBN **"_" ,_, had_VHD its_APPGE indigenous_JJ beauty_NN1 not_XX been_VBN dismissed_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Rudyard_NP1 Kipling_NP1 in_II *1_NULL One_MC1 Lady_NN1 at_II Wairakei_NP1 *0_NULL had_VHD written_VVN in_II 1892_MC that_CST New_NP Zealand_NP1 men_NN2 and_CC women_NN2 would_VM write_VVI stories_NN2 *"_" as_CS31 soon_CS32 as_CS33 the_AT spirit_NN1 of_IO the_AT fern_NN1 hills_NN2 *-_- they_PPHS2 are_VBR very_RG lonely_JJ ,_, you_PPY know_VV0 *-_- and_CC the_AT snow_NN1 mountains_NN2 **"_" had_VHD entered_VVN into_II their_APPGE blood_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 recognised_VVD :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL As_II the_AT Pakeha_NP1 became_VVD more_RGR familiar_JJ with_IW the_AT landscape_NN1 ,_, and_CC learned_VVD to_TO care_VVI for_IF it_PPH1 ,_, writers_NN2 began_VVD to_TO romanticise_VVI the_AT landscape_NN1 in_II a_AT1 different_JJ way_NN1 from_II earlier_JJR writers_NN2 ._. ^ {_NULL C._NP1 K._NP1 }_NULL Stead_NP1 has_VHZ described_VVN this_DD1 new_JJ romanticism_NN1 as_II one_PN1 where_CS topography_NN1 becomes_VVZ a_AT1 substitute_NN1 for_IF human_JJ society_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL Isolated_JJ scenes_NN2 ,_, of_IO bush_NN1 ,_, gumfields_NN2 ,_, mountains_NN2 ,_, seascapes_NN2 and_CC rural_JJ settings_NN2 were_VBDR seen_VVN as_CSA providing_VVG sanctuary_NN1 from_II Puritan_JJ society_NN and_CC from_II the_AT hostile_JJ suburban_JJ or_CC urban_JJ landscape_NN1 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 229+TEXT+G42_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *6_NULL GEOFF_NP1 MURPHY_NP1 'S_GE SIGNIFICANCE_NN1 *0_NULL in_II our_APPGE re-emergence_NN1 as_II a_AT1 film-making_JJ nation_NN1 rests_VVZ not_XX merely_RR on_II his_APPGE importance_NN1 as_II a_AT1 pioneer_NN1 ,_, nor_CC just_RR on_II the_AT relative_JJ popular_JJ success_NN1 his_APPGE films_NN2 have_VH0 achieved_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 also_RR lies_VVZ in_II the_AT fact_NN1 that_CST he_PPHS1 is_VBZ ,_, alongside_II Vincent_NP1 Ward_NP1 ,_, one_MC1 of_IO only_RR two_MC directors_NN2 whose_DDQGE work_NN1 merits_VVZ a_AT1 reading_NN1 as_II a_AT1 whole_NN1 ,_, rather_CS21 than_CS22 just_RR individually_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 is_VBZ in_II other_JJ words_NN2 an_AT1 example_NN1 of_IO what_DDQ once_RR would_VM have_VHI been_VBN fashionably_RR described_VVN as_II an_AT1 *"_" \_NULL auteur_NN1 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL An_AT1 *"_" \_NULL auteur_NN1 **"_" is_VBZ a_AT1 director_NN1 who_PNQS manages_VVZ to_TO instil_VVI in_II her_PPHO1 or_CC his_APPGE work_NN1 some_DD sort_NN1 of_IO common_JJ unifying_JJ structure_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ in_II contrast_NN1 to_II those_DD2 directors_NN2 who_PNQS ,_, however_RGQV skilled_JJ as_CSA craftspersons_NN2 ,_, fail_VV0 to_TO exhibit_VVI any_DD distinguishable_JJ *"_" personality_NN1 **"_" by_II which_DDQ their_APPGE product_NN1 may_VM be_VBI readily_RR identified_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Obviously_RR the_AT paucity_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE cinematic_JJ output_NN1 (_( something_PN1 dictated_VVD by_II market_NN1 forces_NN2 rather_II21 than_II22 any_DD natural_JJ lack_NN1 of_IO prolificness_NN1 )_) makes_VVZ it_PPH1 somewhat_RR premature_JJ to_TO pronounce_VVI on_II directors_NN2 who_PNQS have_VH0 ,_, at_II the_AT very_RG most_DAT ,_, four_MC features_NN2 to_II their_APPGE credit_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Still_RR ,_, one_PN1 can_VM make_VVI comparisons_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 talented_JJ director_NN1 like_II John_NP1 Laing_NP1 for_REX21 example_REX22 may_VM produce_VVI fine_JJ films_NN2 but_CCB *6_NULL BEYOND_II REASONABLE_JJ DOUBT_NN1 ,_, THE_AT LOST_JJ TRIBE_NN1 *0_NULL and_CC *6_NULL OTHER_JJ HALVES_NN2 *0_NULL have_VH0 little_RR in_RR21 common_RR22 apart_II21 from_II22 his_APPGE name_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT placement_NN1 above_II a_AT1 film_NN1 's_VBZ title_NN1 of_IO the_AT phrase_NN1 *"_" A_AT1 John_NP1 Laing_NP1 Film_NN1 **"_" is_VBZ merely_RR a_AT1 directorial_JJ credit_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 guarantee_NN1 of_IO some_DD element_NN1 of_IO quality_NN1 perhaps_RR ,_, but_CCB nothing_PN1 more_DAR ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT phrase_NN1 *"_" A_AT1 Geoff_NP1 Murphy_NP1 Film_NN1 **"_" on_II the_AT other_JJ hand_NN1 is_VBZ descriptive_JJ ,_, it_PPH1 tells_VVZ us_PPIO2 something_PN1 about_II the_AT film_NN1 we_PPIS2 're_VBR about_RPK to_TO watch_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 do_VD0 n't_XX think_VVI ,_, in_II31 line_II32 with_II33 the_AT so-called_JJ *"_" \_NULL auteur_NN1 **"_" theory_NN1 in_II vogue_NN1 in_II the_AT Sixties_MC2 ,_, that_CST this_DD1 of_IO necessity_NN1 makes_VVZ Murphy_NP1 a_AT1 superior_JJ director_NN1 to_II Laing_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 just_RR means_VVZ that_CST while_CS any_DD analysis_NN1 of_IO Laing_NP1 's_GE work_NN1 as_II a_AT1 whole_NN1 ,_, examining_VVG what_DDQ his_APPGE films_NN2 have_VH0 in_RR21 common_RR22 and_CC how_RRQ they_PPHS2 relate_VV0 to_II one_PPX121 another_PPX122 ,_, would_VM seem_VVI a_AT1 futile_JJ exercise_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 similar_JJ analysis_NN1 of_IO Murphy_NP1 's_GE films_NN2 can_VM be_VBI most_RGT rewarding_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 's_VBZ my_APPGE intention_NN1 of_RR21 course_RR22 to_TO attempt_VVI just_RR such_DA an_AT1 interpretation_NN1 in_II this_DD1 article_NN1 ,_, with_IW two_MC qualifications_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL First_MD ,_, guided_VVN by_II motives_NN2 of_IO simplicity_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 've_VH0 confined_VVN my_APPGE attentions_NN2 (_( apart_II21 from_II22 a_AT1 couple_NN1 of_IO asides_NN2 )_) to_II Murphy_NP1 's_GE three_MC major_JJ features_NN2 ,_, although_CS I_PPIS1 believe_VV0 that_CST to_II a_AT1 certain_JJ extent_NN1 my_APPGE observations_NN2 also_RR apply_VV0 to_II his_APPGE smaller_JJR films_NN2 *6_NULL TANK_VV0 BUSTERS_NN2 *0_NULL and_CC *6_NULL WILD_JJ MAN_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL Second_MD ,_, my_APPGE analysis_NN1 is_VBZ ,_, for_IF a_AT1 variety_NN1 of_IO reasons_NN2 ,_, almost_RR wholly_RR thematic_JJ rather_II21 than_II22 stylistic_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II examining_VVG the_AT recurring_JJ motifs_NN2 and_CC aspects_NN2 of_IO narrative_NN1 that_CST unify_VV0 Murphy_NP1 's_GE cinematic_JJ output_NN1 I_PPIS1 have_VH0 tried_VVN to_TO promote_VVI the_AT following_JJ thesis_NN1 :_: that_CST Murphy_NP1 's_GE films_NN2 can_VM be_VBI usefully_RR interpreted_VVN as_II part_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 specific_JJ aesthetic_JJ tradition_NN1 ,_, that_DD1 of_IO the_AT *"_" counterculture_NN1 **"_" as_CSA exemplified_VVN by_II the_AT Beats_NN2 of_IO the_AT Fifties_MC2 and_CC the_AT hippies_NN2 and_CC dropouts_NN2 of_IO the_AT Sixties_MC2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Before_II developing_VVG this_DD1 argument_NN1 further_RRR however_RR I_PPIS1 want_VV0 to_TO preface_VVI it_PPH1 with_IW a_DD221 few_DD222 comments_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 more_RGR general_JJ nature_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL For_IF a_AT1 start_NN1 it_PPH1 's_VBZ worth_II noting_VVG that_CST like_II most_DAT New_NP Zealand_NP1 directors_NN2 Murphy_NP1 looks_VVZ primarily_RR towards_II the_AT filmic_JJ conventions_NN2 of_IO Hollywood_NP1 when_CS making_VVG his_APPGE films_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ not_XX to_TO deny_VVI the_AT indigenous_JJ quality_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE work_NN1 (_( for_CS he_PPHS1 is_VBZ one_MC1 of_IO the_AT most_RGT intrinsically_RR *"_" kiwi_NN1 **"_" of_IO all_DB New_NP Zealand_NP1 directors_NN2 )_) ,_, it_PPH1 's_VBZ just_RR to_TO place_VVI him_PPHO1 within_II the_AT broad_JJ spectrum_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 certain_JJ cinematic_JJ approach_NN1 ,_, that_DD1 of_IO the_AT American_JJ mainstream_NN1 ,_, as_II31 opposed_II32 to_II33 someone_PN1 like_II Vincent_NP1 Ward_NP1 whose_DDQGE allegiance_NN1 lies_VVZ with_IW the_AT more_RGR esoteric_JJ *"_" art_NN1 cinema_NN1 **"_" of_IO Europe_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL One_PN1 particularly_RR *"_" Hollywood-esque_JJ **"_" element_NN1 in_II Murphy_NP1 's_GE cinema_NN1 is_VBZ his_APPGE fondness_NN1 ,_, more_RGR evident_JJ than_CSN with_IW any_DD other_JJ New_NP Zealand_NP1 director_NN1 ,_, for_IF constructing_VVG his_APPGE stories_NN2 within_II the_AT framework_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 genre_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *6_NULL GOODBYE_UH PORK_NN1 PIE_NN1 *0_NULL (_( 1980_MC )_) is_VBZ a_AT1 road_NN1 movie_NN1 ,_, *6_NULL THE_AT QUIET_JJ EARTH_NN1 *0_NULL (_( 1985_MC )_) science_NN1 fiction_NN1 ,_, while_CS *6_NULL UTU_NN1 *0_NULL (_( 1983_MC )_) ,_, for_IF all_DB the_AT specificity_NN1 of_IO its_APPGE New_NP Zealand_NP1 setting_NN1 ,_, remains_VVZ recognisably_RR a_AT1 Western_JJ with_IW everything_PN1 from_II the_AT obligatory_JJ barroom_NN1 scene_NN1 to_II *"_" Oh_UH Suzannah_NP1 **"_" on_II the_AT soundtrack_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL His_APPGE films_NN2 are_VBR also_RR all_DB *"_" action_NN1 films_NN2 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL From_II *6_NULL TANK_NN1 BUSTERS_NN2 *0_NULL on_II things_NN2 have_VH0 a_AT1 habit_NN1 of_IO exploding_VVG in_II Murphy_NP1 's_GE films_NN2 ,_, cars_NN2 squeal_VV0 their_APPGE tires_NN2 ,_, people_NN run_VVN for_IF cover_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Even_RR in_II *6_NULL THE_AT QUIET_JJ EARTH_NN1 *0_NULL where_RRQ the_AT world_NN1 's_VHZ inhabitants_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN reduced_VVN to_II three_MC they_PPHS2 still_RR seem_VV0 able_JJ to_TO find_VVI excuses_NN2 to_TO indulge_VVI in_II car_NN1 chases_NN2 and_CC fire_NN1 guns_NN2 at_II one_PPX121 another_PPX122 ._. ^ ^_NULL Overall_RR though_CS this_DD1 violence_NN1 seems_VVZ not_XX so_RG much_RR exploited_VVD for_IF horror_NN1 or_CC suspense_NN1 as_II21 for_II22 fun_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL This_DD1 sense_NN1 of_IO fun_NN1 (_( as_CSA I_PPIS1 shall_VM argue_VVI ,_, one_MC1 of_IO the_AT key_JJ ingredients_NN2 in_II Murphy_NP1 's_GE cinema_NN1 )_) is_VBZ achieved_VVN through_II the_AT continual_JJ counterbalancing_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 sense_NN1 of_IO action_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 sense_NN1 of_IO humour_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Murphy_NP1 's_GE own_DA distinctive_JJ brand_NN1 of_IO zany_JJ comedy_NN1 is_VBZ perhaps_RR the_AT most_RGT identifiable_JJ element_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE work_NN1 and_CC it_PPH1 provides_VVZ many_DA2 of_IO its_APPGE best_JJT moments_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Yet_RR while_CS it_PPH1 can_VM be_VBI his_APPGE biggest_JJT asset_NN1 it_PPH1 is_VBZ also_RR often_RR a_AT1 liability_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Such_DA is_VBZ the_AT exuberance_NN1 of_IO Murphy_NP1 's_GE humour_NN1 that_CST frequently_RR it_PPH1 misses_VVZ its_APPGE mark_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT *"_" joke_NN1 **"_" cut_VVN in_II *6_NULL PORK_NN1 PIE_NN1 *0_NULL from_II someone_PN1 vomiting_VVG to_II tomato_NN1 sauce_NN1 being_VBG poured_VVN on_II a_AT1 fried_JJ egg_NN1 ;_; the_AT frilly_JJ woman_NN1 's_VBZ underwear_NN1 and_CC the_AT vicar_NN1 's_VBZ dog_NN1 collar_NN1 that_CST are_VBR discovered_VVN in_II the_AT empty_JJ motel_NN1 room_NN1 in_II *6_NULL QUIET_JJ EARTH_NN1 :_: *0_NULL these_DD2 are_VBR some_DD of_IO the_AT moments_NN2 in_II which_DDQ Murphy_NP1 ventures_VVZ perilously_RR close_RR to_II the_AT territory_NN1 of_IO *6_NULL POLICE_NN2 ACADEMY_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Unfortunately_RR this_DD1 occasional_JJ misdirection_NN1 of_IO comic_JJ aim_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX Murphy_NP1 's_GE only_JJ flaw_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL For_IF all_DB his_APPGE achievements_NN2 as_II a_AT1 director_NN1 Murphy_NP1 has_VHZ yet_RR to_TO make_VVI a_AT1 wholly_RR satisfying_JJ film_NN1 and_CC much_DA1 of_IO the_AT problem_NN1 here_RL lies_VVZ with_IW poorly_JJ constructed_JJ narratives_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II this_DD1 respect_NN1 *6_NULL GOODBYE_NN1 PORK_NN1 PIE_NN1 ,_, *0_NULL his_APPGE first_MD feature_NN1 ,_, remains_VVZ arguably_RR his_APPGE best_JJT in_II that_DD1 what_DDQ it_PPH1 lacks_VVZ in_II the_AT sophistication_NN1 and_CC ambition_NN1 of_IO the_AT later_RRR works_VVZ it_PPH1 makes_VVZ up_RP for_IF through_II a_AT1 unity_NN1 of_IO purpose_NN1 and_CC feel_VV0 ._. ^ ^_NULL *6_NULL UTU_NN1 *0_NULL and_CC *6_NULL THE_AT QUIET_JJ EARTH_NN1 *0_NULL on_II the_AT other_JJ hand_NN1 both_RR suffer_VV0 from_II major_JJ structural_JJ faults_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT former_DA ,_, for_IF all_DB its_APPGE fine_JJ moments_NN2 ,_, never_RR really_RR comes_VVZ to_II terms_NN2 with_IW its_APPGE epic-like_JJ multi-character_JJ narrative_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Likewise_RR *6_NULL THE_AT QUIET_JJ EARTH_NN1 *0_NULL also_RR struggles_VVZ with_IW its_APPGE storyline_NN1 as_II the_AT promising_NN1 last-people-left-on-earth_FU scenario_NN1 with_IW which_DDQ it_PPH1 begins_VVZ is_VBZ left_VVN to_TO degenerate_VVI into_II a_AT1 simplistic_JJ action_NN1 plot_NN1 about_II the_AT romantic_JJ troubles_NN2 of_IO three_MC people_NN trying_VVG to_TO blow_VVI something_PN1 up_RP ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL But_CCB as_CSA I_PPIS1 've_VH0 already_RR said_VVN ,_, what_DDQ makes_VVZ Murphy_NP1 interesting_JJ as_II a_AT1 director_NN1 is_VBZ that_CST his_APPGE work_NN1 as_II a_AT1 whole_NN1 is_VBZ worth_II more_DAR than_CSN the_AT mere_JJ sum_NN1 of_IO its_APPGE individual_JJ parts_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL When_CS placed_VVN together_RL *6_NULL GOODBYE_NN1 PORK_NN1 PIE_NN1 ,_, UTU_NN1 *0_NULL and_CC *6_NULL THE_AT QUIET_JJ EARTH_NN1 *0_NULL reveal_VV0 a_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO similarities_NN2 ,_, despite_II the_AT apparent_JJ disparities_NN2 of_IO their_APPGE plots_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Through_II mapping_VVG these_DD2 similarities_NN2 we_PPIS2 can_VM glimpse_VVI the_AT outline_NN1 of_IO another_DD1 story_NN1 ,_, one_PN1 told_VVD through_II the_AT space_NN1 in_II which_DDQ these_DD2 films_NN2 overlap_VV0 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 story_NN1 is_VBZ ,_, I_PPIS1 believe_VV0 ,_, characterized_VVN by_II many_DA2 features_NN2 and_CC influences_VVZ that_CST can_VM be_VBI broadly_RR described_VVN by_II the_AT term_NN1 *"_" counterculture_NN1 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT rest_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 article_NN1 I_PPIS1 intend_VV0 to_TO examine_VVI these_DD2 features_NN2 ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Social_JJ Disengagement_NN1 and_CC the_AT Counterculture_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL In_II my_APPGE use_NN1 of_IO the_AT term_NN1 counterculture_NN1 I_PPIS1 refer_VV0 specifically_RR to_II certain_JJ movements_NN2 of_IO disaffected_JJ middle-class_JJ youths_NN2 in_II post-war_JJ capitalist_NN1 society_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL Groups_NNJ2 such_II21 as_II22 the_AT Beats_NN2 of_IO the_AT Fifties_MC2 and_CC the_AT hippies_NN2 and_CC dropouts_NN2 of_IO the_AT Sixties_MC2 were_VBDR ,_, while_CS by_RR31 no_RR32 means_RR33 identical_JJ ,_, united_VVN by_II a_AT1 similar_JJ antipathy_NN1 towards_II what_DDQ they_PPHS2 perceived_VVD as_II the_AT stifling_JJ conformity_NN1 of_IO bourgeois_JJ norms_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 were_VBDR primarily_RR a_AT1 social_JJ phenomenon_NN1 but_CCB one_PN1 which_DDQ also_RR found_VVN a_AT1 strong_JJ cultural_JJ expression_NN1 in_II literature_NN1 and_CC cinema_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Although_CS most_DAT of_IO these_DD2 works_NN were_VBDR ,_, in_II a_AT1 broad_JJ sense_NN1 ,_, social_JJ critiques_NN2 ,_, they_PPHS2 most_RGT frequently_RR found_VVN shape_NN1 as_CSA celebrations_NN2 (_( often_RR tragic_JJ )_) of_IO those_DD2 who_PNQS did_VDD not_XX conform_VVI ,_, rather_CS21 than_CS22 as_RG detailed_JJ critical_JJ dissections_NN2 of_IO those_DD2 who_PNQS did_VDD ._. ^ ^_NULL For_IF the_AT artists_NN2 of_IO the_AT counterculture_NN1 were_VBDR primarily_RR concerned_JJ with_IW describing_VVG themselves_PPX2 (_( and_CC people_NN like_II themselves_PPX2 )_) and_CC the_AT difficulty_NN1 they_PPHS2 had_VHD being_VBG themselves_PPX2 in_II a_AT1 world_NN1 that_CST always_RR wanted_VVD them_PPHO2 to_TO be_VBI someone_PN1 else_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II a_AT1 famous_JJ essay_NN1 *"_" Disengagement_NN1 :_: The_AT Art_NN1 of_IO the_AT Beat_NN1 Generation_NN1 **"_" critic_NN1 Kenneth_NP1 Rexroth_NP1 records_VVZ this_DD1 fondness_NN1 for_IF dealing_VVG **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL Counterculture_NN1 art_NN1 ,_, then_RT ,_, is_VBZ the_AT art_NN1 of_IO the_AT outsider_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Society_NNJ as_II a_AT1 whole_NN1 does_VDZ make_VVI its_APPGE presence_NN1 felt_VVD ,_, but_CCB only_RR through_II attempts_NN2 to_TO impose_VVI its_APPGE authority_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Otherwise_RR it_PPH1 remains_VVZ largely_RR in_II the_AT background_NN1 ,_, at_RR21 most_RR22 a_AT1 dark_JJ shadow_NN1 on_II the_AT surrounding_JJ horizon_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Similarly_RR Murphy_NP1 's_GE films_NN2 are_VBR also_RR all_DB about_II social_JJ disengagement_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Both_RR *6_NULL PORK_NN1 PIE_NN1 *0_NULL and_CC *6_NULL UTU_NN1 *0_NULL revolve_NN1 around_II characters_NN2 who_PNQS have_VH0 chosen_VVN to_TO opt_VVI out_II21 of_II22 society_NN ;_; in_II *6_NULL THE_AT QUIET_JJ EARTH_NN1 *0_NULL of_RR21 course_RR22 it_PPH1 's_VBZ the_AT other_JJ way_NN1 around_RP ,_, this_DD1 time_NNT1 it_PPH1 's_VBZ society_NN that_CST opts_VVZ out_RP ,_, leaving_VVG Zac_NP1 and_CC the_AT others_NN2 stranded_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB the_AT effect_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT same_DA ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II each_DD1 of_IO these_DD2 films_NN2 we_PPIS2 are_VBR made_VVN conscious_JJ of_IO a_AT1 gap_NN1 that_CST exists_VVZ between_II the_AT central_JJ characters_NN2 and_CC the_AT rest_NN1 of_IO the_AT world_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 gap_NN1 that_CST delineates_VVZ them_PPHO2 as_CSA beyond_II those_DD2 social_JJ boundaries_NN2 which_DDQ enclose_VV0 others_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL This_DD1 sense_NN1 of_IO social_JJ deviancy_NN1 is_VBZ most_RGT obvious_JJ in_II *6_NULL GOODBYE_NN1 PORK_NN1 PIE_NN1 *0_NULL which_DDQ is_VBZ a_AT1 fairly_RR straightforward_JJ celebration_NN1 of_IO anti-authoritarianism_NN1 and_CC nonconformist_NN1 values_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Here_RL Gerry_NP1 and_CC John_NP1 's_GE rebellion_NN1 takes_VVZ the_AT form_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 anarchic_JJ joy-ride_NN1 in_II which_DDQ the_AT forces_NN2 of_IO social_JJ order_NN1 *-_- the_AT police_NN2 and_CC the_AT Ministry_NNJ of_IO Transport_NN1 *-_- are_VBR continually_RR outwitted_VVN and_CC humiliated_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL Note_NN1 that_CST the_AT film_NN1 chooses_VVZ to_TO concentrate_VVI almost_RR solely_RR upon_II the_AT rebels_NN2 ,_, not_XX on_II what_DDQ they_PPHS2 are_VBR rebelling_VVG against_II ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 assume_VV0 ,_, for_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, rather_CS21 than_CS22 actually_RR witness_VV0 the_AT oppressiveness_NN1 of_IO the_AT small_JJ town_NN1 from_II which_DDQ Gerry_NP1 flees_VVZ ._. ^ ^_NULL Indeed_RR the_AT clearest_JJT articulation_NN1 of_IO what_DDQ it_PPH1 is_VBZ they_PPHS2 are_VBR actually_RR running_VVG from_II is_VBZ described_VVN rather_CS21 than_CS22 shown_VVN early_RR in_II the_AT film_NN1 by_II John_NP1 ,_, when_CS he_PPHS1 offers_VVZ his_APPGE departing_JJ lover_NN1 Sue_NP1 a_AT1 tongue-in-cheek_JJ promise_NN1 :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL Visualizations_NN2 of_IO this_DD1 image_NN1 are_VBR provided_VVN to_II a_AT1 certain_JJ extent_NN1 by_II the_AT Ian_NP1 Watkins_NP1 character_NN1 on_II holiday_NN1 with_IW his_APPGE family_NN in_II an_AT1 identical_JJ yellow_JJ mini_JJ and_CC by_II the_AT life_NN1 of_IO Sue_NP1 's_GE sister_NN1 in_II Invercargill_NP1 ,_, but_CCB these_DD2 are_VBR only_RR minor_JJ ,_, underemphasized_JJ moments_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL On_II the_AT whole_JJ *6_NULL GOODBYE_NN1 PORK_NN1 PIE_NN1 *0_NULL seems_VVZ not_XX especially_RR interested_JJ in_II providing_VVG a_AT1 social_JJ critique_NN1 or_CC in_II backgrounding_VVG its_APPGE characters_NN2 '_GE alienation_NN1 ;_; it_PPH1 prefers_VVZ instead_RR to_TO simply_RR delight_VVI in_II the_AT act_NN1 of_IO rebellion_NN1 itself_PPX1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *6_NULL UTU_NN1 *0_NULL is_VBZ also_RR centred_VVN upon_II social_JJ outlawry_NN1 ,_, though_CS it_PPH1 must_VM be_VBI conceded_VVN that_CST in_II this_DD1 film_NN1 Te_AT Wheke_NP1 's_GE revolt_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX endorsed_VVN anywhere_RL near_II as_RG unequivocably_RR as_CSA *6_NULL PORK_NN1 PIE_NN1 *0_NULL does_VDZ the_AT Blondinis_NP1 '_GE ._. ^ ^_NULL Indeed_RR while_CS Te_AT Wheke_NP1 may_VM be_VBI its_APPGE chief_JJ protagonist_NN1 the_AT film_NN1 's_GE true_JJ hero_NN1 is_VBZ James_NP1 Scott_NP1 ,_, an_AT1 officer_NN1 in_II the_AT British_JJ army_NNJ no_RR less_RRR ._. ^ ^_NULL That_CST a_AT1 representative_NN1 of_IO Law_NN1 and_CC Order_NN1 should_VM be_VBI cast_VVN as_II the_AT film_NN1 's_GE main_JJ identification_NN1 figure_NN1 seems_VVZ a_AT1 long_JJ way_NN1 away_II21 from_II22 *6_NULL PORK_NN1 PIE_NN1 's_GE unsympathetic_JJ portrayal_NN1 of_IO the_AT forces_NN2 of_IO the_AT state_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 would_VM argue_VVI nonetheless_RR that_DD1 *6_NULL UTU_NN1 *0_NULL retains_VVZ many_DA2 of_IO the_AT nonconformist_NN1 thematics_NN1 of_IO its_APPGE predecessor_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 would_VM seem_VVI that_CST in_II choosing_VVG to_TO make_VVI a_AT1 film_NN1 about_II Maori_JJ rebellion_NN1 Murphy_NP1 found_VVD himself_PPX1 pulled_VVN in_II two_MC directions_NN2 ,_, between_II on_II the_AT one_MC1 hand_NN1 a_AT1 natural_JJ disposition_NN1 towards_II acts_NN2 of_IO social_JJ revolt_NN1 ,_, and_CC on_II the_AT other_JJ an_AT1 inability_NN1 as_II a_AT1 pakeha_NP1 to_TO totally_RR identify_VVI with_IW an_AT1 attempted_JJ overthrow_NN1 of_IO white_JJ culture_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Thus_RR while_CS the_AT film_NN1 's_VBZ attitude_NN1 towards_II Te_AT Wheke_NP1 is_VBZ certainly_RR not_XX devoid_JJ of_IO sympathy_NN1 and_CC it_PPH1 clearly_RR supports_VVZ the_AT spirit_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE rebellion_NN1 if_CS not_XX certain_JJ of_IO its_APPGE manifestations_NN2 ,_, it_PPH1 finds_VVZ it_PPH1 necessary_JJ at_II the_AT same_DA time_NNT1 to_TO keep_VVI its_APPGE distance_NN1 ,_, filling_VVG the_AT gap_NN1 between_II us_PPIO2 and_CC Te_AT Wheke_NP1 with_IW pakeha_NP1 identification_NN1 figures_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Yet_RR despite_II the_AT presence_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 pakeha_NP1 characters_NN2 like_II Scott_NP1 and_CC Jonathon_NP1 Williamson_NP1 ,_, their_APPGE society_NN as_II a_AT1 whole_NN1 remains_VVZ something_PN1 we_PPIS2 are_VBR only_RR dimly_RR aware_JJ of_IO ,_, lurking_VVG somewhere_RL *"_" out_RP there_RL **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL Again_RT we_PPIS2 see_VV0 how_RRQ Murphy_NP1 has_VHZ chosen_VVN to_TO foreground_VVI outsiders_NN2 ,_, an_AT1 assertion_NN1 in_II which_DDQ I_PPIS1 include_VV0 the_AT army_NNJ as_CC31 well_CC32 as_CC33 the_AT rebels_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT army_NNJ (_( by_II which_DDQ I_PPIS1 mean_VV0 the_AT common_JJ soldiery_NN1 ,_, not_XX the_AT aristocratic_JJ Colonel_NNB Elliot_NP1 )_) may_VM be_VBI the_AT agents_NN2 of_IO colonial_JJ society_NN but_CCB they_PPHS2 are_VBR not_XX **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL part_NN1 of_IO it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II what_DDQ we_PPIS2 see_VV0 of_IO them_PPHO2 they_PPHS2 are_VBR not_XX settlers_NN2 but_CCB *"_" movers_NN2 **"_" ,_, engaged_VVN in_II a_AT1 transient_JJ life_NN1 of_IO continual_JJ adventure_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT similarity_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE lives_NN2 to_II those_DD2 of_IO the_AT rebels_NN2 is_VBZ such_CS21 that_CS22 the_AT lines_NN2 between_II them_PPHO2 are_VBR frequently_RR blurred_VVN ,_, many_DA2 having_VHG associations_NN2 with_IW both_DB2 sides_NN2 (_( Te_AT Wheke_NP1 and_CC Eru_NP1 desert_NN1 while_CS Henare_NP1 contemplates_VVZ it_PPH1 ;_; Kura_NP1 's_GE and_CC Scott_NP1 's_GE relationship_NN1 divides_VVZ their_APPGE loyalties_NN2 ,_, while_CS Wiremu_NP1 's_GE allegiance_NN1 always_RR remains_VVZ ambiguous_JJ )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II fact_NN1 our_APPGE only_JJ real_JJ glimpse_NN1 of_IO *"_" normal_JJ **"_" colonial_JJ life_NN1 (_( apart_II21 from_II22 the_AT briefest_JJT of_IO peeks_NN2 at_II the_AT citizenry_NN1 of_IO Te_AT Puna_NP1 )_) is_VBZ the_AT home_NN1 of_IO Emily_NP1 and_CC Jonathon_NP1 Williamson_NP1 and_CC this_DD1 we_PPIS2 see_VV0 only_JJ moments_NN2 before_CS it_PPH1 's_VHZ destroyed_VVN by_II Te_AT Wheke_NP1 's_GE troops_NN2 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 230+TEXT+G43_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Throughout_II 1968_MC and_CC 1969_MC suburbia_NN1 is_VBZ Killeen_NP1 's_GE main_JJ subject_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Suburbia_NP1 had_VHD been_VBN for_IF some_DD thirty_MC years_NNT2 a_AT1 stock_NN1 object_NN1 of_IO derogation_NN1 for_IF New_NP Zealand_NP1 intellectuals_NN2 ,_, who_PNQS found_VVD virtue_NN1 and_CC truth_NN1 only_RR in_II a_AT1 ruggedly_RR *1_NULL rural_JJ *0_NULL unintellectuality_NN1 ,_, in_II hard_JJ men_NN2 in_II hard_JJ light_NN1 ;_; and_CC so_CS it_PPH1 was_VBDZ still_RR for_IF many_DA2 of_IO Killeen_NP1 's_GE generation_NN1 ;_; and_CC so_CS it_PPH1 is_VBZ yet_RR for_IF the_AT more_RGR banal_JJ of_IO our_APPGE painters_NN2 and_CC writers_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Consider_VV0 ,_, as_II an_AT1 early_JJ instance_NN1 of_IO such_DA distaste_NN1 for_IF suburbia_NN1 ,_, these_DD2 remarks_NN2 in_II an_AT1 {_NULL A.R.D._NP1 }_NULL Fairburn_NP1 letter_NN1 home_RL from_II London_NP1 ,_, of_IO March_NPM1 1931_MC :_: |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Or_CC consider_VV0 this_DD1 more_RGR recent_JJ example_NN1 from_II one_MC1 of_IO Fairburn_NP1 's_GE disciples_NN2 :_: |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL But_CCB Killeen_NP1 's_GE attitude_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX so_RG simply_RR determined_VVN :_: *1_NULL his_APPGE *0_NULL suburbia_NN1 (_( *1_NULL its_APPGE *0_NULL blessed_JJ days_NNT2 of_IO endless_JJ blue_JJ )_) might_VM as_RG easily_RR be_VBI claimed_VVN as_CSA the_AT object_NN1 of_IO celebration_NN1 as_II21 of_II22 derision_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Killeen_NP1 's_GE suburbia_NN1 seems_VVZ to_TO come_VVI ,_, and_CC somewhat_RR indeterminably_RR to_TO take_VVI its_APPGE place_NN1 ,_, precisely_RR in_II the_AT slash_NN1 of_IO fissure_NN1 between_II *1_NULL urban/_FO rural_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL In_II so_RG occupying_JJ that_CST fissuring_JJ site_NN1 *1_NULL between_II ,_, *0_NULL it_PPH1 perhaps_RR disallows_VVZ the_AT stock_NN1 opposition_NN1 of_IO country_NN1 to_II city_NN1 in_II regionalist_NN1 discourse_NN1 ,_, or_CC bluntens_VVZ that_CST sharp_JJ dichotomy_NN1 in_II which_DDQ the_AT rural_JJ is_VBZ invariably_RR privileged_JJ and_CC the_AT urban_JJ despised_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Killeen_NP1 's_GE suburbia_NN1 marks_NN2 ,_, in_II any_DD case_NN1 ,_, the_AT historical_JJ change_NN1 Fredric_NP1 Jameson_NP1 points_NN2 to_II :_: |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Now_CS21 that_CS22 a_AT1 McCahon-like_NP1 landscape_NN1 of_IO dark_NN1 ,_, bushclad_NN1 hill_NN1 may_VM so_RG easily_RR reflect_VVI in_II one_MC1 of_IO Killeen_NP1 's_GE suburban_JJ windows_NN2 ,_, or_CC come_VV0 through_II its_APPGE glass_NN1 ,_, so_CS the_AT antithesis_NN1 of_IO country/_FO city_NN1 must_VM be_VBI somewhat_RR undone_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL Killeen_NP1 's_GE paintings_NN2 like_II *1_NULL First_MD Car_NN1 North_NP1 ,_, Car_NN1 ,_, Cloud_NN1 and_CC Hill_NP1 ,_, *0_NULL or_CC *1_NULL Bulldozer_NP1 ,_, *0_NULL mark_NN1 the_AT opening_NN1 of_IO the_AT way_NN1 into_II the_AT country_NN1 for_IF highway_NN1 and_CC suburb_NN1 ;_; while_CS his_APPGE paintings_NN2 of_IO highway_NN1 and_CC road_NN1 signs_NN2 re-mark_VV0 the_AT coming_NN1 of_IO automobile_NN1 culture_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC Killeen_NP1 's_GE suburbia_NN1 repeatedly_RR mimes_VVZ that_CST universal_JJ standardisation_NN1 in_II which_DDQ the_AT house_NN1 of_IO the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 small_JJ town_NN1 ,_, and_CC even_RR the_AT *'_" isolated_JJ **'_" farmer_NN1 's_VBZ house_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT objects_NN2 inside_II them_PPHO2 ,_, become_VVN quite_RG indistinguishable_JJ from_II the_AT houses_NN2 and_CC objects_NN2 of_IO the_AT city_NN1 suburb_NN1 ..._... ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Objects_NN2 is_VBZ the_AT word_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT armchair_NN1 ,_, for_REX21 instance_REX22 ,_, looms_VVZ large_JJ in_II these_DD2 paintings_NN2 ,_, almost_RR innumerably_RR looms_VVZ ,_, out_RP **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL -numbering_NN1 the_AT figures_NN2 by_RR21 far_RR22 ._. ^ ^_NULL Armchairs_NN2 are_VBR become_VVN beings_NN2 ,_, companions_NN2 say_NN1 of_IO Killeen_NP1 's_GE *1_NULL House_NN1 Lady_NN1 *0_NULL as_CSA she_PPHS1 exercises_VVZ or_CC reclines_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Killeen_NP1 's_GE creature_NN1 is_VBZ inside_II the_AT house_NN1 ,_, cut_VVD off_RP from_II the_AT world_NN1 of_IO event_NN1 :_: she_PPHS1 dances_VVZ alone_JJ with_IW chairs_NN2 as_CSA audience_NN and_CC partners_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL If_CS she_PPHS1 is_VBZ in_II active_JJ pose_NN1 *-_- traditional_JJ attribute_NN1 of_IO the_AT male_NN1 *-_- it_PPH1 is_VBZ an_AT1 inutile_JJ action_NN1 ,_, one_PN1 which_DDQ is_VBZ less_DAR act_NN1 than_CSN reflection_NN1 ,_, since_CS the_AT only_JJ body_NN1 the_AT act_NN1 may_VM affect_VVI is_VBZ her_APPGE own_DA ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC that_DD1 body_NN1 too_RG perhaps_RR ,_, is_VBZ but_RR an_AT1 object_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 possession_NN1 which_DDQ she_PPHS1 must_VM *'_" husband_NN1 **'_" ,_, to_TO keep_VVI it_PPH1 ,_, like_II all_DB the_AT furniture_NN1 of_IO her_APPGE life_NN1 ,_, in_II perfect_JJ condition_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL As_II21 for_II22 the_AT male_NN1 of_IO the_AT species_NN *-_- we_PPIS2 may_VM see_VVI him_PPHO1 with_IW his_APPGE head_NN1 full_JJ of_IO chair_NN1 (_( *1_NULL Chair_NN1 in_II Head_NN1 )_) :_: *0_NULL the_AT mind_NN1 is_VBZ constituted_VVN by_II the_AT objects_NN2 at_RR21 once_RR22 of_IO its_APPGE desire_NN1 and_CC its_APPGE consumption_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Emotions_NN2 are_VBR rarely_RR displayed_VVN in_II Killeen_NP1 's_GE suburbia_NN1 *-_- if_CS they_PPHS2 are_VBR displayed_VVN they_PPHS2 are_VBR not_XX shared_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL So_RR an_AT1 exercising_JJ woman_NN1 is_VBZ caught_VVN in_II the_AT pose_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 ecstatic_JJ maenad_NN1 ,_, but_CCB it_PPH1 is_VBZ an_AT1 ecstasy_NN1 only_RR of_IO a_AT1 body_NN1 's_VBZ exertion_NN1 ,_, and_CC one_PN1 which_DDQ finds_VVZ no_AT echo_NN1 in_II her_APPGE surrounds_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 woman_NN1 leans_VVZ against_II a_AT1 living_NN1 room_NN1 wall_NN1 and_CC smokes_VVZ ,_, in_II a_AT1 space_NN1 of_IO countable_JJ objects_NN2 ;_; gazes_NN2 blankly_RR over_II what_DDQ Ruskin_NP1 would_VM call_VVI the_AT fatal_JJ newness_NN1 of_IO the_AT furniture_NN1 ,_, over_II things_NN2 which_DDQ have_VH0 no_AT patina_NN1 of_IO memory_NN1 or_CC use_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB we_PPIS2 are_VBR given_VVN no_AT reason_NN1 to_TO think_VVI Killeen_NP1 regards_VVZ them_PPHO2 as_CS fatal_JJ ,_, nor_CC *-_- as_RR21 yet_RR22 *-_- the_AT lot_NN of_IO the_AT woman_NN1 :_: here_RL things_NN2 might_VM seem_VVI simply_RR to_TO be_VBI ,_, so_RG permissive_JJ of_IO our_APPGE opinion_NN1 that_CST we_PPIS2 may_VM bring_VVI to_II them_PPHO2 what_DDQ we_PPIS2 will_VM ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Nor_CC should_VM we_PPIS2 forget_VVI ,_, perhaps_RR ,_, that_CST Ian_NP1 Scott_NP1 ,_, Killeen_NP1 's_GE art_NN1 's_GE closest_JJT companion_NN1 in_II these_DD2 years_NNT2 ,_, was_VBDZ later_JJR to_TO say_VVI ,_, in_II words_NN2 which_DDQ would_VM well_RR describe_VVI many_DA2 a_AT1 Killeen_NP1 suburban_JJ picture_NN1 :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL And_CC so_CS ,_, it_PPH1 may_VM be_VBI ,_, did_VDD Killeen_NP1 like_VVI such_DA things_NN2 ,_, or_CC ,_, at_RR21 least_RR22 ,_, their_APPGE patterns_NN2 of_IO which_DDQ he_PPHS1 made_VVD patterns_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT props_NN2 of_IO Killeen_NP1 's_GE theatre_NN1 of_IO suburban_JJ life_NN1 ,_, however_RGQV often_RR repeated_VVN ,_, are_VBR limited_VVN in_II number_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL One_PN1 could_VM easily_RR make_VVI a_AT1 list_NN1 of_IO them_PPHO2 *-_- their_APPGE very_JJ repetition_NN1 and_CC interchangeability_NN1 from_II one_MC1 painting_NN1 to_II another_DD1 encourages_VVZ it_PPH1 :_: curtain_NN1 ;_; armchair_NN1 ;_; lamp_NN1 ;_; lampstand_NN1 ;_; picture_NN1 ;_; carpet_NN1 ;_; mat_NN1 ;_; table_NN1 ;_; telephone_NN1 ;_; wall_NN1 ;_; window_NN1 ;_; holland_NN1 blind_NN1 ;_; venetian_JJ blind_JJ ;_; road_NN1 **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL -sign_NN1 ;_; hedge_NN1 ;_; tree_NN1 ;_; lawn_NN1 ;_; corrugated_JJ iron_NN1 ;_; white_JJ weather-board_NN1 ;_; a_AT1 sky_NN1 patch_NN1 of_IO invariable_JJ blue_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL That_DD1 ,_, I_PPIS1 think_VV0 ,_, is_VBZ the_AT lot_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 are_VBR become_VVN interchangeable_JJ signs_NN2 ,_, moved_VVN from_II one_MC1 painting_NN1 to_II another_DD1 ,_, and_CC interchangeable_JJ forms_NN2 which_DDQ Killeen_NP1 may_VM arrange_VVI as_CSA he_PPHS1 will_VM ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 interchangeability_NN1 is_VBZ literally_RR so_CS :_: ^_NULL Killeen_NP1 used_VMK to_TO have_VHI large_JJ forms_NN2 cut_VV0 out_II21 of_II22 paper_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 *'_" man_NN1 **'_" form_NN1 ,_, say_VV0 ,_, which_DDQ might_VM be_VBI stood_VVN up_RP in_II an_AT1 interior_NN1 ,_, and_CC then_RT in_II a_AT1 suburban_JJ street_NN1 ;_; lain_VVN horizontally_RR ,_, it_PPH1 might_VM ,_, purely_RR by_II its_APPGE position_NN1 ,_, become_VVN *'_" dead_JJ man_NN1 **'_" ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL These_DD2 cut-outs_NN2 ,_, these_DD2 patterns_NN2 (_( like_II a_AT1 dressmaker_NN1 's_VBZ paper_NN1 pattern_NN1 from_II which_DDQ innumerable_JJ dresses_NN2 each_DD1 the_AT same_DA may_VM be_VBI made_VVN )_) ,_, could_VM be_VBI shifted_VVN at_II will_NN1 from_II one_MC1 painting_NN1 to_II another_DD1 ,_, and_CC stuck_VVD down_RP on_II any_DD painting_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 were_VBDR *'_" stuck_VVN **'_" by_II the_AT simple_JJ device_NN1 of_IO arranging_VVG them_PPHO2 on_II the_AT studio_NN1 wall_NN1 ,_, tracing_VVG their_APPGE arrangement_NN1 onto_II a_AT1 large_JJ sheet_NN1 of_IO tracing_VVG paper_NN1 ,_, transferring_VVG that_CST tracing_VVG to_II the_AT board_NN1 ,_, and_CC then_RT colouring_VVG in_II the_AT outline_NN1 so_CS made_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Killeen_NP1 's_GE art_NN1 ,_, then_RT ,_, is_VBZ not_XX a_AT1 realist_JJ art_NN1 ,_, in_II the_AT topographic_JJ sense_NN1 of_IO realist_NN1 *-_- the_AT portrait_NN1 of_IO some_DD specific_JJ place_NN1 *-_- it_PPH1 is_VBZ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL (_( already_RR ,_, as_CSA in_II the_AT cut-out_NN1 to_TO come_VVI )_) an_AT1 art_NN1 of_IO made_VVN and_CC movable_JJ signs_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Nor_CC (_( except_II21 for_II22 several_DA2 portraits_NN2 of_IO the_AT painter_NN1 *-_- pictures_NN2 in_II pictures_NN2 )_) are_VBR there_RL portraits_VVZ of_IO persons_NN2 any_DD more_DAR than_CSN there_EX are_VBR of_IO places_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Killeen_NP1 's_GE suburban_JJ woman_NN1 ,_, say_VV0 ,_, is_VBZ but_RR a_AT1 *1_NULL type_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL Though_CS (_( necessarily_RR ,_, in_II a_AT1 painting_NN1 )_) she_PPHS1 has_VHZ some_DD individual_JJ features_NN2 (_( no_AT painted_JJ figure_NN1 can_VM be_VBI quite_RG like_II another_DD1 )_) ,_, she_PPHS1 is_VBZ ,_, nevertheless_RR ,_, as_CSA Barthes_NP1 has_VHZ said_VVN of_IO the_AT photographed_JJ fashion_NN1 model_NN1 ,_, *'_" a_AT1 normative_JJ individual_NN1 ,_, chosen_VVN for_IF her_APPGE canonic_JJ generality_NN1 **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC the_AT same_DA is_VBZ so_RR of_IO Killeen_NP1 's_GE suburban_JJ man_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 is_VBZ nothing_PN1 but_CCB a_AT1 generic_JJ term_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Creature_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Figment_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Sign_NN1 only_RR ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Emotions_NN2 ,_, I_PPIS1 have_VH0 said_VVN ,_, are_VBR rarely_RR displayed_VVN in_II Killeen_NP1 's_GE suburban_JJ pictures_NN2 ;_; in_II their_APPGE signs_NN2 of_IO *'_" person_NN1 **'_" ,_, whether_CSW of_IO *'_" man_NN1 **'_" or_CC of_IO *'_" woman_NN1 **'_" ,_, neither_RR facial_JJ expression_NN1 or_CC pose_VV0 much_RR exhorts_VVZ us_PPIO2 to_TO feel_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL Nor_CC does_VDZ facial_JJ feature_NN1 much_RR touch_VV0 us_PPIO2 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX are_VBR no_RR very_RG clear_JJ signs_NN2 of_IO cruelty_NN1 or_CC kindness_NN1 ,_, of_IO intelligence_NN1 or_CC stupidity_NN1 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 we_PPIS2 find_VV0 in_II classic_JJ painting_NN1 ;_; and_CC these_DD2 faces_NN2 are_VBR seldom_RR assigned_VVN the_AT signs_NN2 either_RR of_IO beauty_NN1 or_CC ugliness_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL If_CS ,_, as_CSA Proust_NP1 has_VHZ claimed_VVN ,_, the_AT features_NN2 of_IO the_AT face_NN1 are_VBR hardly_RR more_RRR than_CSN gestures_VVZ ,_, the_AT very_JJ lack_NN1 in_II Killeen_NP1 's_GE suburban_JJ pictures_NN2 of_IO much_DA1 specificity_NN1 of_IO face_NN1 outside_II the_AT generality_NN1 of_IO *'_" man_NN1 's_VBZ face_NN1 **'_" ,_, or_CC *'_" woman_NN1 's_VBZ face_NN1 **'_" ,_, is_VBZ a_AT1 refusal_NN1 to_TO grant_VVI them_PPHO2 any_DD too_RG emphatically_RR precise_JJ a_AT1 significance_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II classic_JJ painting_NN1 ,_, in_II Barthes_NP1 's_GE words_NN2 ,_, *'_" gestures_NN2 are_VBR deflected_VVN from_II their_APPGE corporeal_JJ fields_NN2 ,_, immediately_RR assigned_VVN (_( by_II a_AT1 haste_NN1 which_DDQ resembles_VVZ fear_NN1 of_IO the_AT body_NN1 )_) to_II an_AT1 ideal_JJ signification_NN1 **'_" ;_; and_CC *1_NULL movement_NN1 *0_NULL is_VBZ *'_" a_AT1 word_NN1 which_DDQ in_II all_DB of_IO classical_JJ civilisation_NN1 has_VHZ continually_RR shifted_VVN from_II the_AT body_NN1 to_II the_AT soul_NN1 **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT classic_JJ painter_NN1 's_VBZ aim_NN1 ,_, as_CSA Alberti_NP1 beautifully_RR said_VVD ,_, is_VBZ to_TO *'_" reveal_VVI ,_, by_II the_AT movements_NN2 of_IO the_AT body_NN1 ,_, the_AT almost_RR infinite_JJ movements_NN2 of_IO the_AT heart_NN1 **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL So_RR we_PPIS2 are_VBR moved_VVN by_II classic_JJ painting_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II Killeen_NP1 's_GE suburban_JJ paintings_NN2 ,_, however_RR ,_, on_II the_AT rare_JJ occasions_NN2 when_RRQ movement_NN1 is_VBZ present_JJ ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ a_AT1 movement_NN1 only_RR of_IO the_AT body_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 man_NN1 walks_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 woman_NN1 exercises_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB there_EX does_VDZ not_XX seem_VVI to_TO be_VBI ,_, anywhere_RL ,_, *'_" what_DDQ Baudelaire_NP1 calls_VVZ the_AT emphatic_JJ truth_NN1 of_IO gesture_NN1 ,_, that_CST we_PPIS2 find_VV0 in_II demonstrative_JJ paintings_NN2 **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL Killeen_NP1 's_GE figures_NN2 ,_, in_II contrast_NN1 to_II the_AT classic_NN1 ,_, are_VBR undemonstrative_JJ ,_, indeterminate_JJ :_: they_PPHS2 seem_VV0 to_TO be_VBI only_RR what_DDQ they_PPHS2 are_VBR in_II their_APPGE corporeal_JJ field_NN1 *-_- or_CC what_DDQ they_PPHS2 do_VD0 :_: there_EX is_VBZ no_AT emphatic_JJ deflection_NN1 to_II meaning_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL To_II the_AT *'_" suspended_JJ ,_, oversignifying_VVG gesture_NN1 **'_" of_IO classic_JJ painting_NN1 ,_, says_VVZ Barthes_NP1 ,_, *'_" we_PPIS2 must_VM give_VVI the_AT name_NN1 *1_NULL \_NULL numen_NN2 ,_, *0_NULL for_IF it_PPH1 is_VBZ indeed_RR the_AT gesture_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 god_NN1 who_PNQS silently_RR creates_VVZ fate_NN1 ,_, {_NULL i.e._REX }_NULL ,_, meaning_NN1 **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL Killeen_NP1 's_GE figures_NN2 ,_, considered_VVN in_II this_DD1 classic_JJ sense_NN1 ,_, approach_NN1 the_AT meaningless_JJ :_: they_PPHS2 have_VH0 no_RR *-_- or_CC very_RG little_DA1 *-_- demonstrative_JJ solicitude_NN1 for_IF us_PPIO2 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 are_VBR unhectored_JJ by_II gesture_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 are_VBR left_VVN to_TO make_VVI what_DDQ meaning_NN1 we_PPIS2 will_VM ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Nor_CC even_RR are_VBR Killeen_NP1 's_GE humans_NN2 made_VVD much_RR superior_JJ in_II status_NN1 to_II objects_NN2 :_: the_AT people_NN in_II the_AT picture_NN1 are_VBR no_AT more_RGR expressive_JJ ,_, mostly_RR ,_, than_CSN the_AT things_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 man_NN1 is_VBZ made_VVN as_RG immobile_JJ as_CSA a_AT1 mat_NN1 ;_; and_CC in_II paintings_NN2 like_II *1_NULL Two_MC women_NN2 and_CC chair_NN1 ,_, *0_NULL the_AT title_NN1 too_RR grants_VVZ humanity_NN1 no_AT more_RGR or_CC less_DAR importance_NN1 than_CSN an_AT1 item_NN1 of_IO furniture_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC yet_RR this_DD1 ,_, I_PPIS1 would_VM suggest_VVI ,_, is_VBZ less_DAR to_TO impugn_VVI the_AT humanity_NN1 of_IO the_AT suburbanite_NN1 ,_, or_CC to_TO accuse_VVI of_IO a_AT1 complacent_JJ materialism_NN1 ,_, than_CSN it_PPH1 is_VBZ to_TO remove_VVI *'_" man_NN1 **'_" from_II the_AT central_JJ position_NN1 in_II which_DDQ a_AT1 discredited_JJ humanism_NN1 had_VHD placed_VVN *'_" him_PPHO1 **'_" ,_, and_CC to_TO begin_VVI to_TO offer_VVI a_AT1 world_NN1 in_II which_DDQ no_AT thing_NN1 is_VBZ privileged_JJ above_II any_DD other_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ to_TO deny_VVI the_AT interiority_NN1 which_DDQ humanism_NN1 (_( the_AT bourgeois_JJ capitalist_NN1 ethic_NN1 )_) had_VHD granted_VVN to_II *'_" man_NN1 **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT human_NN1 is_VBZ shown_VVN by_II Killeen_NP1 not_XX as_II an_AT1 individual_JJ interiority_NN1 ,_, but_CCB as_II an_AT1 object_NN1 of_IO objects_NN2 ;_; a_AT1 creature_NN1 defined_VVN and_CC constituted_VVN by_II the_AT objects_NN2 with_IW which_DDQ it_PPH1 surrounds_VVZ itself_PPX1 ,_, and_CC which_DDQ are_VBR inscribed_VVN by_II capitalism_NN1 as_II a_AT1 need_NN1 within_II it_PPH1 ._. ^ (_( ^_NULL See_VV0 again_RT the_AT painting_NN1 *1_NULL Chair_NN1 in_II Head_NN1 ._. )_) ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL In_II the_AT words_NN2 of_IO Killeen_NP1 's_GE green_JJ notebook_NN1 ,_, what_DDQ is_VBZ suggested_VVN is_VBZ that_CST *'_" *1_NULL in_II the_AT eyes_NN2 of_IO the_AT universe_NN1 everything_PN1 is_VBZ the_AT same_DA *-_- equal_JJ **'_" :_: *0_NULL an_AT1 effect_NN1 connoted_VVD too_RG by_II the_AT compositional_JJ methods_NN2 of_IO the_AT suburbia_NN1 paintings_NN2 (_( as_CSA it_PPH1 will_VM be_VBI from_RT31 now_RT32 on_RT33 ,_, throughout_II the_AT oeuvre_NN1 )_) ,_, where_CS nothing_PN1 is_VBZ granted_VVN the_AT too_RG privileging_JJ place_NN1 of_IO centrality_NN1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL In_II the_AT words_NN2 of_IO another_DD1 Killeen_NP1 note_NN1 of_IO the_AT time_NNT1 :_: |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL *1_NULL Suburbia_NP1 *0_NULL \_NULL n_ZZ1 ._. ^ (_( \_NULL usu_NN1 ._. ^ \_NULL derog_NN1 )_) ?_? ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 return_VV0 ,_, at_II the_AT last_MD ,_, to_II that_DD1 first_MD of_IO our_APPGE questions_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Might_VM Killeen_NP1 's_GE suburbia_NN1 be_VBI the_AT object_NN1 of_IO celebration_NN1 or_CC derision_NN1 ?_? ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Somewhere_RL behind_II Killeen_NP1 's_GE suburbia_NN1 painting_NN1 ,_, and_CC perhaps_RR still_RR more_RRR in_II its_APPGE modes_NN2 of_IO content_JJ than_CSN of_IO form_NN1 ,_, is_VBZ American_JJ pop_NN1 art_NN1 ,_, with_IW *1_NULL its_APPGE *0_NULL (_( ironic_JJ ?_? affectionate_JJ ?_? )_) celebrations_NN2 of_IO the_AT urban_JJ banal_JJ ,_, for_IF which_DDQ Killeen_NP1 's_GE suburbia_NN1 might_VM be_VBI said_VVN to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 New_NP Zealand_NP1 equivalent_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 mean_VV0 ,_, by_II Killeen_NP1 's_GE works_NN too_RR the_AT question_NN1 is_VBZ raised_VVN that_CST Baudrillard_NP1 has_VHZ asked_VVN of_IO pop_NN1 paintings_NN2 :_: *'_" if_CS they_PPHS2 smile_VV0 ,_, is_VBZ it_PPH1 the_AT cool_JJ smile_NN1 of_IO critical_JJ distance_NN1 ,_, that_CST smile_VV0 which_DDQ might_VM accompany_VVI a_AT1 knowing_JJ wink_NN1 ;_; or_CC is_VBZ it_PPH1 the_AT smile_NN1 of_IO collusion_NN1 ?_? ^ **'_" |_NULL ^_NULL Or_CC might_VM there_EX be_VBI here_RL a_AT1 social_JJ critique_NN1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL Might_VM we_PPIS2 say_VVI of_IO Killeen_NP1 's_GE woman_NN1 as_CSA she_PPHS1 leans_VVZ and_CC smokes_VVZ against_II a_AT1 living_NN1 room_NN1 wall_NN1 ,_, *'_" the_AT jobless_JJ housewife_NN1 is_VBZ bored_JJ sick_NN1 **'_" ?_? ^ ^_NULL The_AT lamp_NN1 ,_, the_AT coffee_NN1 table_NN1 ,_, the_AT curtain_NN1 and_CC venetian_JJ blind_NN1 :_: are_VBR these_DD2 the_AT accoutrements_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 modern_JJ melancholia_NN1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL Might_VM we_PPIS2 say_VVI :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL And_CC is_VBZ n't_XX the_AT suburbanite_NN1 of_IO *1_NULL Man_NP1 and_CC Window_NN1 Reflection_NN1 *0_NULL somewhat_RR bowed_VVD down_RP ,_, as_CSA they_PPHS2 say_VV0 as_CS21 if_CS22 ,_, perhaps_RR ,_, by_II depression_NN1 ?_? ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Killeen_NP1 once_RR wrote_VVD next_II21 to_II22 a_AT1 sketch_NN1 in_II his_APPGE green_JJ notebook_NN1 :_: |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL and_CC reworked_VVD it_PPH1 on_II another_DD1 occasion_NN1 :_: |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL These_DD2 are_VBR not_XX formalist_JJ descriptions_NN2 ,_, since_CS they_PPHS2 speak_VV0 of_IO clothes_NN2 as_II21 of_II22 a_AT1 vestimentary_JJ language_NN1 ,_, and_CC not_XX as_II a_AT1 mere_JJ pattern_NN1 of_IO colours_NN2 and_CC shapes_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Yet_RR they_PPHS2 are_VBR the_AT only_JJ notes_NN2 which_DDQ suggest_VV0 any_DD satiric_JJ intent_NN1 towards_II the_AT suburbanite_NN1 ,_, apart_II21 from_II22 the_AT question_NN1 Killeen_NP1 asks_VVZ himself_PPX1 on_II page_NN1 113_MC of_IO his_APPGE green_JJ notebook_NN1 :_: *'_" some_DD vindictive_JJ titles_NN2 ?_? ^ **'_" ,_, and_CC answers_VVZ perhaps_RR on_II page_NN1 141_MC :_: |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX may_VM be_VBI ,_, then_RT ,_, in_II the_AT calm_JJ lawns_NN2 of_IO Killeen_NP1 's_GE suburbia_NN1 ,_, some_DD occasional_JJ snakes_NN2 in_II the_AT grass_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Yet_RR there_EX are_VBR no_AT such_DA titles_NN2 to_II the_AT suburbia_NN1 paintings_NN2 ,_, and_CC mostly_RR Killeen_NP1 's_GE subjects_NN2 are_VBR those_DD2 of_IO an_AT1 achieved_JJ order_NN1 ,_, not_XX news_NN1 items_NN2 :_: they_PPHS2 are_VBR entirely_RR uncatastrophic_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL On_II page_NN1 10_MC of_IO the_AT green_JJ notebook_NN1 ,_, below_II a_AT1 series_NN of_IO suburban_JJ sketches_NN2 ,_, Killeen_NP1 writes_VVZ :_: *'_" ^_NULL On_II the_AT one_MC1 hand_NN1 I_PPIS1 have_VH0 banality_NN1 of_IO subject_NN1 *-_- on_II the_AT other_JJ pattern_NN1 making_VVG **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 have_VH0 here_RL ,_, in_II such_DA seeming_JJ separation_NN1 of_IO *'_" subject_NN1 **'_" and_CC *'_" pattern_NN1 **'_" ,_, the_AT source_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 certain_JJ critical_JJ difficulty_NN1 for_IF those_DD2 who_PNQS have_VH0 tried_VVN to_TO determine_VVI which_DDQ is_VBZ Killeen_NP1 's_GE prime_JJ interest_NN1 ,_, subject_NN1 or_CC pattern_NN1 ,_, and_CC have_VH0 tended_VVN to_TO assume_VVI that_CST his_APPGE attitude_NN1 to_II his_APPGE subject_NN1 must_VM be_VBI satiric_JJ :_: *'_" Killeen_NP1 as_RG social_JJ commentator_NN1 **'_" ,_, as_CSA Docking_NP1 has_VHZ it_PPH1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL But_CCB Killeen_NP1 's_GE subject_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT banal_JJ ,_, less_RGR perhaps_RR in_II the_AT sense_NN1 of_IO the_AT trite_JJ or_CC the_AT vulgar_JJ ,_, the_AT trivial_JJ or_CC the_AT petty_JJ (_( to_II which_DDQ he_PPHS1 might_VM feel_VVI amused_JJ superiority_NN1 )_) ,_, than_CSN it_PPH1 is_VBZ the_AT banal_JJ in_II the_AT sense_NN1 of_IO the_AT commonplace_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ ,_, Killeen_NP1 says_VVZ today_RT ,_, *'_" just_RR what_DDQ was_VBDZ about_II me_PPIO1 **'_" *-_- it_PPH1 was_VBDZ ,_, and_CC is_VBZ ,_, *1_NULL where_CS he_PPHS1 lives_VVZ ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 231+TEXT+G44_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Bill_NP1 Hammond_NP1 's_GE first_MD layer_NN1 of_IO colour_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 rather_RG loud_RR chrome_JJ yellow_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL While_CS it_PPH1 is_VBZ still_RR wet_VVN he_PPHS1 applies_VVZ a_AT1 thin_JJ layer_NN1 of_IO scarlet_JJ red_NN1 over_II it_PPH1 ,_, producing_VVG a_AT1 ripple_NN1 of_IO dirty_JJ pink_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Hammond_NP1 may_VM be_VBI constructing_VVG another_DD1 of_IO his_PPGE paradoxically_RR pebble-sized_JJ mountain_NN1 ranges_NN2 ,_, in_II which_DDQ case_VV0 the_AT scarlet_NN1 will_VM fight_VVI the_AT yellow_JJ amid_II the_AT pink_JJ and_CC the_AT fissured_JJ mountainsides_NN2 will_VM become_VVI a_AT1 blanched_JJ grey_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 's_VBZ a_AT1 torrid_JJ combination_NN1 ,_, but_CCB not_XX as_RG depressing_JJ as_CSA its_APPGE opposite_JJ :_: a_AT1 murky_JJ grey_NN1 ,_, flecked_VVD or_CC moulded_VVD into_II images_NN2 combining_VVG ,_, perhaps_RR ,_, yellow_JJ ,_, scarlet_JJ ,_, pink_JJ ,_, purple_JJ and_CC lime_NN1 green_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Dizzy_NP1 ?_? probably_RR yes_UH ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB recognise_VV0 the_AT fifties-kitsch-melting-lino_FU chromatic_JJ theory_NN1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 doubt_VV0 it_PPH1 ;_; for_IF among_II painters_NN2 Hammond_NP1 is_VBZ master_NN1 and_CC sole_JJ exponent_NN1 of_IO the_AT school_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL That_DD1 is_VBZ not_XX so_RG much_DA1 because_CS Hammond_NP1 has_VHZ invented_VVN the_AT school_NN1 itself_PPX1 :_: it_PPH1 is_VBZ *'_" out_RP there_RL **'_" in_II the_AT rock_NN1 music_NN1 of_IO many_DA2 a_AT1 pub_NN1 ,_, in_II the_AT gear_NN1 of_IO many_DA2 neophyte_NN1 punk_NN1 on_II the_AT streets_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Rather_RR ,_, Hammond_NP1 has_VHZ converted_VVN the_AT conventions_NN2 of_IO that_DD1 music_NN1 and_CC its_APPGE ethos_NN1 into_II conventions_NN2 of_IO painting_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC since_CS his_APPGE first_MD cycle_NN1 of_IO paintings_NN2 literally_RR *'_" hit_VVD **'_" the_AT gallery_NN1 circuit_NN1 in_II 1984_MC ,_, Hammond_NP1 has_VHZ become_VVN a_AT1 celebrated_JJ ,_, if_CS enigmatic_JJ ,_, one-man-band_NN1 on_II the_AT funk_NN1 end_NN1 of_IO the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 art_NN1 scene_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *'_" Funk_NN1 **'_" is_VBZ a_AT1 noun_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 does_VDZ not_XX have_VHI a_AT1 nice_JJ meaning_NN1 :_: to_TO be_VBI in_II a_AT1 funk_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO experience_VVI fear_NN1 ,_, panic_NN1 or_CC terror_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Over_II the_AT last_MD decade_NNT1 rock_NN1 music_NN1 has_VHZ become_VVN increasingly_RR concerned_JJ with_IW the_AT form_NN1 ,_, expression_NN1 and_CC management_NN of_IO overwhelming_JJ anxiety_NN1 :_: in_RR21 short_RR22 ,_, with_IW funk_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II truth_NN1 that_CST has_VHZ created_VVN the_AT paradoxical_JJ situation_NN1 where_RRQ the_AT direction_NN1 taken_VVN by_II the_AT supposedly_RR *'_" hip_JJ **'_" or_CC *'_" cool_JJ **'_" *'_" muso_NN1 **'_" has_VHZ been_VBN to_TO expose_VVI the_AT psychology_NN1 of_IO the_AT **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL screamingly_RR uncool_VV0 :_: to_TO find_VVI sound_NN1 and_CC song_NN1 for_IF anxiety_NN1 and_CC breakdown_NN1 ,_, both_RR societal_JJ and_CC personal_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Amid_II such_DA an_AT1 arena_NN1 of_IO inspiration_NN1 ,_, Hammond_NP1 is_VBZ inextricably_RR drawn_VVN towards_II the_AT paradoxes_NN2 of_IO personal_JJ funk_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL His_APPGE images_NN2 are_VBR those_DD2 of_IO an_AT1 introvert_NN1 :_: in_RR21 short_RR22 ,_, incontrovertably_RR subjective_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT relatively_RR short_JJ period_NN1 *-_- in_II painterly_JJ terms_NN2 *-_- since_II 1984_MC ,_, two_MC overlapping_JJ cycles_NN2 of_IO images_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN produced_VVN :_: those_DD2 of_IO a_AT1 sardonic_JJ ,_, strung-out_JJ carnival_NN1 of_IO human_JJ folly_NN1 and_CC ,_, more_RGR recently_RR ,_, those_DD2 of_IO a_AT1 state_NN1 of_IO extreme_JJ personal_JJ disintegration_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL While_CS differing_VVG ,_, sometimes_RT intermingling_VVG conventions_NN2 tend_VV0 to_TO cluster_VVI around_II each_DD1 kind_NN1 of_IO image_NN1 ,_, both_DB2 adhere_VV0 to_II a_AT1 central_JJ convention_NN1 of_IO spatial_JJ distortion_NN1 and_CC discontinuity_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT thematic_JJ concerns_NN2 involve_VV0 an_AT1 anxiety_NN1 about_II communication_NN1 or_CC its_APPGE opposite_JJ ,_, isolation_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Items_NN2 taken_VVN from_II the_AT media_NN and_CC popular_JJ commodity_NN1 culture_NN1 are_VBR often_RR used_VVN as_CSA motifs_NN2 :_: digital_JJ alarm_NN1 clocks_NN2 and_CC television_NN1 sets_NN2 predominate_VV0 ._. ^ ^_NULL Mutant_JJ humanoid_JJ characters_NN2 are_VBR depicted_VVN as_CS21 if_CS22 trying_VVG to_TO get_VVI their_APPGE messages_NN2 across_RL or_CC sing_VV0 their_APPGE parts_NN2 ,_, but_CCB often_RR without_IW audience_NN or_CC alone_JJ in_II the_AT group_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL Their_APPGE mutant_JJ shapes_NN2 and_CC forms_NN2 appear_VV0 representative_NN1 of_IO the_AT inner_JJ condition_NN1 of_IO non-achievement_NN1 ,_, as_CS21 if_CS22 they_PPHS2 continuously_RR grow_VV0 more_RRR disable_VV0 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT concomitant_JJ convention_NN1 of_IO spatial_JJ discontinuity_NN1 emphasises_VVZ the_AT impossibility_NN1 of_IO communication_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Humanoids_NN2 are_VBR often_RR depicted_VVN in_II vast_JJ halls_NN2 or_CC amphitheatres_NN2 ,_, where_CS no_RGQV31 matter_RGQV32 how_RGQV33 much_DA1 they_PPHS2 shout_VV0 or_CC what_DDQ gadgets_NN2 they_PPHS2 use_VV0 ,_, they_PPHS2 will_VM never_RR *'_" get_VVI through_RP **'_" ,_, in_II the_AT senses_NN2 of_IO being_VBG heard_VVN or_CC even_RR hearing_VVG themselves_PPX2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT black_JJ humour_NN1 of_IO the_AT content_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 scenarios_NN2 is_VBZ extended_VVN by_II jokes_NN2 of_IO scale_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL For_REX21 instance_REX22 ,_, the_AT painting_NN1 *1_NULL Out_RP in_II the_AT Real_JJ World_NN1 in_II Real_JJ Terms_NN2 *0_NULL depicts_VVZ two_MC plumed_JJ creatures_NN2 exercising_VVG with_IW weights_NN2 and_CC machines_NN2 in_II manic_JJ zeal_NN1 while_CS a_AT1 tiny_JJ martini_NN1 glass_NN1 ,_, token_NN1 of_IO the_AT good_JJ life_NN1 to_II which_DDQ they_PPHS2 dedicate_VV0 their_APPGE efforts_NN2 ,_, sits_VVZ in_II31 front_II32 of_II33 them_PPHO2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT foreground_NN1 ,_, as_CSA black_JJ ironic_JJ comment_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 gigantic_JJ television_NN1 set_NN1 displays_VVZ a_AT1 dark_JJ grey_NN1 ,_, second-rate_JJ movie_NN1 gangsterland_NN1 whose_DDQGE chief_JJ figure_NN1 throws_VVZ up_RP a_AT1 jet_NN1 of_IO red_JJ vomit_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Like_II his_APPGE use_NN1 of_IO colour_NN1 ,_, for_IF his_APPGE space_NN1 Hammond_NP1 has_VHZ also_RR extended_VVN material_NN1 taken_VVN from_II elsewhere_RL ,_, but_CCB in_II this_DD1 case_NN1 from_II two_MC sources_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ lie_VV0 in_II the_AT high_JJ and_CC low_JJ of_IO imagery_NN1 itself_PPX1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT low_JJ source_NN1 comprises_VVZ the_AT heavily_RR satirical_JJ comic_JJ strip_NN1 ,_, with_IW its_APPGE exaggerated_JJ forms_NN2 and_CC drawn-on_JJ lines_NN2 indicating_VVG colour_NN1 and_CC depth_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT high_JJ source_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT kind_NN1 of_IO perspectival_JJ distortion_NN1 found_VVN in_II De_NP1 Chirico_NP1 and_CC the_AT surrealists_NN2 who_PNQS followed_VVD but_CCB never_RR equalled_VVD him_PPHO1 ._. ^ ^_NULL After_CS his_APPGE usual_JJ fashion_NN1 ,_, however_RR ,_, the_AT tension_NN1 of_IO Hammond_NP1 's_GE conversion_NN1 of_IO convention_NN1 quite_RR blasts_VVZ the_AT notion_NN1 of_IO perspectival_JJ distortion_NN1 to_II new_JJ heights_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Hammond_NP1 's_GE psychological_JJ limiting_JJ condition_NN1 in_II comparison_NN1 to_II De_NP1 Chirico_NP1 's_GE for_REX21 instance_REX22 ,_, is_VBZ not_XX the_AT cool_JJ ,_, ominous_JJ dreamspace_NN1 of_IO ,_, say_VV0 ,_, a_AT1 deserted_JJ Italian_JJ piazza_NN1 ,_, but_CCB the_AT far_RG more_RRR charged_VVN one_MC1 of_IO a_AT1 queasy_JJ world_NN1 expressive_JJ of_IO human_JJ disintegration_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Yet_RR ,_, for_IF that_DD1 ,_, Hammond_NP1 's_GE management_NN of_IO his_APPGE complex_JJ and_CC playful_JJ spatial_JJ distortions_NN2 creates_VVZ a_AT1 geometry_NN1 of_IO surface_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 depth-play_NN1 for_IF the_AT eye_NN1 which_DDQ is_VBZ tantalising_VVG ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT vignette_NN1 painting_NN1 ,_, *1_NULL One_PN1 For_IF The_AT Money_NN1 ,_, Two_MC For_IF The_AT Show_NN1 ,_, *0_NULL an_AT1 early_JJ piece_NN1 from_II the_AT carnival_NN1 series_NN ,_, is_VBZ one_MC1 such_DA example_NN1 of_IO geometry_NN1 and_CC depth-play_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Its_APPGE subject_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 woman_NN1 wearing_VVG a_AT1 scarlet_JJ dress_NN1 decorated_VVN by_II a_AT1 pattern_NN1 of_IO white_JJ strokes_NN2 which_DDQ closely_RR *-_- too_RG closely_RR *-_- resemble_VV0 cigarettes_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT woman_NN1 appears_VVZ to_TO be_VBI in_II some_DD kind_NN1 of_IO parlour_NN1 ,_, where_CS ,_, leaning_VVG on_II a_AT1 window_NN1 sill_NN1 ,_, she_PPHS1 peers_VVZ through_II binoculars_NN2 into_II a_AT1 yast_NN1 yellow_JJ expanse_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Her_APPGE pointy_JJ face_NN1 is_VBZ seen_VVN in_II sufficient_JJ detail_NN1 to_TO reveal_VVI the_AT sneer-grin_NN1 of_IO avaricious_JJ self-satisfaction_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT image_NN1 of_IO such_DA a_AT1 woman_NN1 implies_VVZ an_AT1 aura_NN1 of_IO corruption_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ in_II part_NN1 a_AT1 matter_NN1 of_IO low_JJ ,_, stylistic_JJ parody_NN1 :_: of_IO artificiality_NN1 of_IO colours_NN2 ,_, line_NN1 and_CC object_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 greater_JJR parody_NN1 still_RR is_VBZ the_AT woman_NN1 herself_PPX1 :_: for_IF the_AT image_NN1 implies_VVZ that_CST she_PPHS1 is_VBZ watching_VVG a_AT1 show_NN1 ,_, yet_RR ,_, effectively_RR ,_, the_AT horror_NN1 of_IO her_APPGE depravity_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT show_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB this_DD1 could_VM not_XX be_VBI so_CS if_CS she_PPHS1 was_VBDZ not_XX also_RR part_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 visual_JJ theatre_NN1 ,_, for_IF as_RG much_DA1 as_CSA the_AT depravity_NN1 belongs_VVZ to_II her_PPHO1 ,_, it_PPH1 also_RR belongs_VVZ to_II the_AT space_NN1 she_PPHS1 *'_" exists_VVZ **'_" in_RP ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL That_DD1 drama_NN1 begins_VVZ with_IW the_AT twist_NN1 of_IO the_AT woman_NN1 's_VBZ torso_NN1 from_II the_AT waist_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ the_AT central_JJ point_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO perspectively_RR queer_JJ manipulations_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT chair_NN1 on_II which_DDQ the_AT lower_JJR half_NN of_IO the_AT woman_NN1 's_VBZ body_NN1 rests_VVZ is_VBZ consistent_JJ with_IW the_AT plane_NN1 of_IO the_AT floor_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ tilted_VVN at_II a_AT1 rather_RG steep_JJ incline_NN1 ,_, sloping_VVG down_RP towards_II the_AT lower_JJR right_JJ corner_NN1 of_IO the_AT painting_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Even_RR21 so_RR22 ,_, in_II Alice_NP1 in_II Wonderland_NP1 fashion_NN1 ,_, the_AT lower_JJR body_NN1 is_VBZ distorted_VVN so_CS21 that_CS22 her_APPGE right_JJ leg_NN1 looms_VVZ larger_JJR than_CSN her_APPGE diminutive_NN1 left_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB the_AT twist_NN1 from_II the_AT waist_NN1 ,_, leading_VVG up_RP the_AT arched_JJ torso_NN1 to_II the_AT elbows_NN2 perched_VVD on_II the_AT window_NN1 sill_NN1 ,_, reaches_VVZ over_RP into_II yet_RR another_DD1 plane_NN1 inconsistent_JJ with_IW the_AT floor_NN1 plane_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC again_RT ,_, the_AT window_NN1 mantles_NN2 fall_VV0 outwards_RL ,_, as_CSA does_VDZ the_AT plane_NN1 of_IO the_AT wall_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT space_NN1 ,_, like_II the_AT woman_NN1 ,_, one_PN1 wants_VVZ to_TO say_VVI ,_, leers_VVZ queasily_RR ,_, crazily_RR ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT perspectival_JJ play_NN1 of_IO Hammond_NP1 's_GE paintings_NN2 is_VBZ in_II no_AT small_JJ part_NN1 due_II21 to_II22 the_AT fact_NN1 that_CST he_PPHS1 paints_VVZ from_II a_AT1 very_RG high_JJ vantage_NN1 point_NN1 ,_, (_( about_RG 120_MC degrees_NN2 above_II horizontal_JJ compared_VVN to_II the_AT usual_JJ sixty_MC ._. )_) ^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT personal_JJ disintegration_NN1 series_NN a_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO transformations_NN2 take_VV0 place_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Most_RGT particularly_RR ,_, there_EX is_VBZ a_AT1 transferral_NN1 **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL from_II paradoxical_JJ ,_, palatial_JJ interiors_NN2 which_DDQ dwarf_VV0 humans_NN2 and_CC objects_NN2 alike_RR to_II vast_JJ mountainous_JJ panoramas_NN2 where_RRQ ,_, amid_II some_DD of_IO the_AT old_JJ ,_, witty_JJ motifs_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 gigantic_JJ curtains_NN2 dividing_VVG the_AT landscape_NN1 ,_, there_EX has_VHZ also_RR evolved_VVN a_AT1 huge_JJ slug-like_JJ *'_" humanoid_NN1 **'_" which_DDQ dwarfs_VVZ the_AT vistas_NN2 of_IO mountain_NN1 ranges_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II a_AT1 painting_NN1 such_II21 as_II22 *1_NULL I_MC1 Heat_NN1 Up_RP ,_, I_PPIS1 Ca_VM n't_XX Cool_NP Down_NNL1 ,_, *0_NULL a_AT1 barely_RR human_JJ head_NN1 spurts_VVZ in_II a_AT1 volcanic_JJ eruption_NN1 from_II what_DDQ is_VBZ literally_RR a_AT1 mountainous_JJ table-land_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Its_APPGE mouth_NN1 is_VBZ agape_JJ in_II a_AT1 primal_JJ scream_NN1 and_CC from_II that_DD1 mouth_NN1 another_DD1 new_JJ motif_NN1 *-_- a_AT1 serpentine_JJ rope_NN1 *-_- springs_NN2 over_II an_AT1 aisle_NN1 of_IO mountains_NN2 occupying_VVG the_AT right_JJ side_NN1 of_IO the_AT painting_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Similar_JJ in_II mood_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT painting_NN1 *1_NULL And_CC I_PPIS1 'm_VBM Always_RR Worried_JJ ,_, *0_NULL which_DDQ depicts_VVZ a_AT1 beached_JJ mutant_JJ humanoid_JJ form_NN1 whose_DDQGE outline_NN1 facial_JJ features_NN2 are_VBR scratched_VVN onto_II its_APPGE bulbous_JJ head_NN1 amid_II much_RR other_JJ graffiti_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB perhaps_RR the_AT largest_JJT change_NN1 displayed_VVD by_II paintings_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 these_DD2 two_MC is_VBZ that_CST ,_, despite_II an_AT1 increase_NN1 in_II vista_NN1 ,_, the_AT perspectival_JJ complexity_NN1 of_IO the_AT image_NN1 and_CC images_NN2 within_II images_NN2 is_VBZ reduced_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL One_PN1 is_VBZ left_VVN ,_, rather_RR ,_, at_II sea_NN1 surrounded_VVD by_II sloshing_VVG anxiety_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL And_CC that_DD1 worries_VVZ me_PPIO1 ._. ^ ^_NULL For_IF ,_, for_IF Bill_NP1 Hammond_NP1 to_TO lose_VVI that_DD1 balance_NN1 between_II queasiness_NN1 and_CC parody_NN1 on_II the_AT one_MC1 hand_NN1 ,_, and_CC a_AT1 robustness_NN1 of_IO image_NN1 on_II the_AT other_JJ ,_, for_IF anxiety_NN1 to_TO overwhelm_VVI image_NN1 ,_, is_VBZ to_TO lose_VVI the_AT delicacy_NN1 of_IO visual_JJ enjoyment_NN1 so_RG masterfully_RR employed_VVN in_II his_APPGE other_JJ series_NN of_IO works_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ to_TO seem_VVI to_TO give_VVI in_RP to_II the_AT interior_NN1 of_IO funk_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 know_VV0 that_CST Hammond_NP1 has_VHZ n't_XX so_RG given_VVN in_RP ,_, for_CS there_EX are_VBR many_DA2 radiant_JJ images_NN2 that_CST surround_VV0 images_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 these_DD2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Yet_RR for_IF these_DD2 images_NN2 to_TO become_VVI part_NN1 of_IO the_AT Hammond_NP1 identity_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 feel_VV0 ,_, I_PPIS1 hope_VV0 for_IF art_NN1 's_VBZ sake_NN1 ,_, is_VBZ a_AT1 momentary_JJ lapse_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *2_NULL NORMAN_NP1 MACLEAN_NP1 *0_NULL on_II the_AT Montana_NP1 Lindauer_NP1 Art_NN1 Award_NN1 1986_MC exhibition_NN1 *>_NULL ^ *<_NULL 60_MC works_NN selected_VVN by_II the_AT judge_NN1 Jan_NP1 Nigro_NP1 from_II 313_MC entries_NN2 *>_NULL ^ *<_NULL Gisborne_NP1 Museum_NNL1 &_CC Arts_NN2 Centre_NN1 7_MC to_II 25_MC May_NPM1 1986_MC *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT general_JJ impression_NN1 on_II entering_VVG the_AT gallery_NN1 for_IF this_DD1 year_NNT1 's_GE exhibition_NN1 was_VBDZ of_IO being_VBG at_II the_AT centre_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 explosion_NN1 in_II a_AT1 lolly_NN1 factory_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Colour_NN1 and_CC shape_NN1 threatened_VVD to_TO engulf_VVI ,_, which_DDQ was_VBDZ hardly_RR surprising_JJ ,_, since_CS the_AT walls_NN2 were_VBDR uncomfortably_RR filled_VVN by_II sixty_MC predominantly_RR large_JJ works_NN ,_, with_IW the_AT result_NN1 that_CST striking_JJ paintings_NN2 were_VBDR easily_RR overlooked_VVN ,_, especially_RR if_CS they_PPHS2 happened_VVD to_TO be_VBI in_II abstract_JJ style_NN1 and_CC thus_RR easily_RR dismissed_VVD in_II31 favour_II32 of_II33 their_APPGE near_JJ neighbours_NN2 ,_, the_AT comfortably_RR familiar_JJ seated_JJ figures_NN2 and_CC placid_JJ views_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX were_VBDR simply_RR too_RG many_DA2 ;_; and_CC ,_, cheek-by-jowl_NN1 ,_, they_PPHS2 tended_VVD to_TO subdue_VVI or_CC even_RR cancel_VVI one_PPX121 another_PPX122 out_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT general_JJ effect_NN1 made_VVN for_IF a_AT1 degree_NN1 of_IO confusion_NN1 which_DDQ is_VBZ possibly_RR reflected_VVN in_II the_AT following_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ an_AT1 immediate_JJ sense_NN1 of_IO deja_NN121 vu_NN122 in_II this_DD1 show_NN1 :_: familiar_JJ styles_NN2 and_CC names_NN2 cropped_VVD up_RP in_II their_APPGE perennial_JJ manner_NN1 :_: Annie_NP1 Baird_NP1 ,_, Leonard_NP1 Lambert_NP1 ,_, Gary_NP1 Waldrom_NP1 ,_, and_CC several_DA2 others_NN2 ,_, have_VH0 become_VVN a_AT1 staple_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 annual_JJ exhibition_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ perhaps_RR says_VVZ something_PN1 for_IF the_AT competence_NN1 and_CC general_JJ appeal_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE works_NN ,_, managing_VVG to_TO impress_VVI a_AT1 different_JJ selector_NN1 each_DD1 time_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Noticeable_NP1 too_RR was_VBDZ the_AT derivative_JJ tendency_NN1 throughout_RL ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX were_VBDR imitations_NN2 and_CC adaptations_NN2 of_IO everything_PN1 from_II Matisse_NP1 and_CC Seurat_NP1 to_II Rita_NP1 Angus_NP1 and_CC David_NP1 Armitage_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 found_VVD it_PPH1 difficult_JJ to_TO believe_VVI that_CST in_II all_DB cases_NN2 it_PPH1 was_VBDZ some_DD form_NN1 of_IO unconscious_JJ tribute_NN1 ,_, and_CC was_VBDZ reminded_VVN that_DD1 originality_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 quite_RG rare_JJ quality_NN1 in_II contemporary_JJ {_NULL NZ_NP }_NULL painting_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Even_RR the_AT precise_JJ watercolours_NN2 of_IO Ted_NP1 Sherwen_NP1 (_( \_NULL nos_NN2 46_MC &_CC 47_MC in_II the_AT catalogue_NN1 )_) *-_- pleasing_JJ in_II their_APPGE gentle_JJ ,_, subdued_JJ way_NN1 *-_- had_VHD the_AT unmistakable_JJ stamp_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 text-book_JJ process_NN1 about_II them_PPHO2 whereby_RRQ anyone_PN1 who_PNQS had_VHD learned_VVN to_TO apply_VVI successive_JJ pale_JJ washes_NN2 could_VM easily_RR pick_VVI up_RP the_AT step-by-step_JJ knack_NN1 of_IO using_VVG masking_JJ fluid_NN1 to_TO create_VVI immaculate_JJ patchworks_NN2 of_IO white_JJ and_CC half_DB tone_NN1 ,_, so_CS21 that_CS22 *"_" a_AT1 painting_NN1 **"_" is_VBZ half_RR completed_VVN before_II a_AT1 dab_NN1 of_IO specific_JJ interest_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN brushed_VVN into_II place_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Jan_NP1 Nigro_NP1 ,_, this_DD1 year_NNT1 's_GE selector_NN1 ,_, opted_VVD for_IF the_AT figurative_JJ with_IW twentyeight_NN1 works_VVZ *-_- almost_RR half_DB the_AT show_NN1 *-_- utilising_VVG human_JJ forms_NN2 ,_, and_CC numerous_JJ others_NN2 relying_VVG on_II landscape_NN1 and_CC the_AT like_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Pure_JJ abstraction_NN1 was_VBDZ minimal_JJ ,_, but_CCB some_DD of_IO it_PPH1 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 the_AT bold_JJ Abstract-Expressionist_JJ works_NN of_IO Ross_NP1 Gray_NP1 (_( \_NULL no.14_FO )_) and_CC Quentin_NP1 MacFarlane_NP1 (_( \_NULL no.34_FO )_) ,_, created_VVD considerable_JJ impact_NN1 ,_, and_CC were_VBDR rather_RG more_RGR memorable_JJ than_CSN the_AT plethora_NN1 of_IO pastel-hued_JJ waterways_NN2 ,_, hillslopes_NN2 ,_, and_CC benignly_RR posed_JJ persons_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ are_VBR a_AT1 usual_JJ feature_NN1 of_IO exhibitions_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 this_DD1 ,_, run_VVN on_II free-for-all_NN1 lines_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Selectors_NP1 '_GE choices_NN2 always_RR spark_VV0 a_AT1 little_JJ controversy_NN1 ,_, but_CCB for_IF all_DB that_DD1 ,_, Nigro_NP1 's_GE preferences_NN2 were_VBDR intriguing_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL First-prize_NN1 winner_NN1 ,_, *1_NULL Barb_NP1 and_CC Obi_NP1 *0_NULL (_( \_NULL no.7_FO )_) by_II Diana_NP1 Curtis_NP1 of_IO Auckland_NP1 ,_, was_VBDZ an_AT1 accurately_RR rendered_JJ study_NN1 ,_, admirable_JJ at_II a_AT1 glance_NN1 ,_, forgettable_JJ soon_RR afterwards_RT *-_- perhaps_RR because_CS sullen_JJ ladies_NN2 slouched_VVD in_II deck-chairs_NN2 with_IW significant_JJ objects_NN2 on_II their_APPGE forbidding_JJ laps_NN2 have_VH0 become_VVN a_AT1 mite_NN1 commonplace_NN1 via_II the_AT full-page_JJ glossy_JJ ads_NN2 we_PPIS2 scarcely_RR glance_VV0 at_II in_II flicking_VVG through_II any_DD moderately-priced_JJ magazine_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL More_RGR painterly_JJ and_CC fresher_JJR in_II imagery_NN1 was_VBDZ the_AT second-prize_NN1 winner_NN1 ,_, *1_NULL The_AT Mason_NP1 's_GE daughter_NN1 *0_NULL (_( \_NULL no.56_FO )_) ,_, in_II which_DDQ Auckland_NP1 's_GE Peter_NP1 Waddell_NP1 applied_VVD his_APPGE colour_NN1 to_TO create_VVI rippling_VVG surfaces_NN2 charged_VVN with_IW energy_NN1 *-_- almost_RR Klimt-like_JJ at_II times_NNT2 *-_- and_CC the_AT relationship_NN1 of_IO the_AT reclining_JJ nude_NN1 to_II the_AT partially_RR obscured_JJ window_NN1 evoked_VVD a_AT1 distinct_JJ air_NN1 of_IO isolation_NN1 and_CC melancholy_JJ calm_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT selection_NN1 of_IO other_JJ figure_NN1 studies_NN2 favoured_VVD more_RGR carefully_RR posed_VVD and_CC conventional_JJ types_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Stylistically_RR satisfying_JJ was_VBDZ Gary_NP1 Waldrom_NP1 's_VHZ loosely_RR executed_VVN *1_NULL Sarah_NP1 's_GE Kimono_NN1 *0_NULL (_( \_NULL no.57_FO )_) ,_, in_II which_DDQ the_AT viewer_NN1 is_VBZ confronted_VVN by_II the_AT model_NN1 's_VBZ direct_JJ and_CC brooding_VVG gaze_NN1 ,_, the_AT intensity_NN1 of_IO which_DDQ compels_VVZ exploration_NN1 of_IO the_AT moist_JJ contours_NN2 of_IO fabric_NN1 clutched_VVD around_RP a_AT1 tense_JJ body_NN1 ,_, the_AT soft_JJ tangle_NN1 of_IO uncombed_JJ hair_NN1 streaked_VVD by_II wan_JJ morning_NNT1 light_NN1 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 232+TEXT+G45_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *2_NULL LA_NP1 TRAVIATA_NP1 *0_NULL has_VHZ come_VVN and_CC gone_VVN ,_, leaving_VVG in_II its_APPGE wake_NN1 New_NP Zealand_NP1 's_GE opera_NN1 scene_NN1 in_II a_AT1 somewhat_RR changed_JJ condition_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Lion_NN1 Breweries_NN2 are_VBR happy_JJ about_II having_VHG backed_VVN a_AT1 winner_NN1 ,_, the_AT Arts_NN2 Council_NNJ has_VHZ muffled_VVN its_APPGE recent_JJ threats_NN2 about_II Mercury_NP1 Theatre_NNL1 and_CC Mercury_NP1 Opera_NN1 has_VHZ firmly_RR declared_VVN itself_PPX1 to_TO be_VBI both_RR financially_RR and_CC artistically_RR viable_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT prospect_NN1 had_VHD not_XX been_VBN good_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL *1_NULL Traviata_NP1 *0_NULL makes_VVZ enormous_JJ demands_NN2 on_II the_AT principals_NN2 and_CC rather_CS21 than_CS22 adopt_VVI the_AT cast-and-understudy_JJ approach_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ at_RR21 least_RR22 provides_VVZ for_IF the_AT whims_NN2 of_IO the_AT gods_NN2 ,_, the_AT company_NN1 had_VHD instead_RR to_II field_NN1 two_MC casts_NN2 and_CC pray_VV0 for_IF freedom_NN1 from_II flu_NN1 epidemics_NN2 and_CC the_AT like_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Shortly_RR before_II rehearsals_NN2 began_VVD ,_, Wendy_NP1 Dixon_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS headed_VVD one_MC1 of_IO the_AT casts_NN2 ,_, had_VHD to_TO withdraw_VVI ,_, and_CC only_RR by_II the_AT sheerest_JJT good_JJ fortune_NN1 of_IO Vera_NP1 Rozsa_NP1 's_GE recent_JJ visit_NN1 to_II this_DD1 country_NN1 did_VDD Miyuku_NP1 Morimoto_NP1 materialise_NN1 from_II Madam_NNB Rozsa_NP1 's_GE group_NN of_IO proteges_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ no_AT orchestral_JJ pit_NN1 in_II the_AT Mercury_NP1 Theatre_NP1 ,_, only_RR a_AT1 finger_NN1 of_IO no-man_NN1 's_VBZ land_NN1 between_II the_AT footlights_NN2 and_CC the_AT first_MD row_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Getting_VVG an_AT1 orchestra_NNJ into_II that_DD1 area_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 miracle_NN1 in_II itself_PPX1 and_CC the_AT process_NN1 of_IO reducing_VVG the_AT score_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 tedious_JJ one_PN1 ,_, and_CC it_PPH1 makes_VVZ the_AT players_NN2 highly_RR vulnerable_JJ to_II criticism_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 violinist_NN1 playing_VVG slightly_RR below_II the_AT note_NN1 will_VM not_XX stand_VVI out_RP along_II21 with_II22 30_MC others_NN2 ,_, but_CCB every_AT1 insecurity_NN1 is_VBZ noticed_VVN when_CS you_PPY 're_VBR one_MC1 of_IO only_RR half_DB a_AT1 dozen_NNO ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Wayne_NP1 Laird_NP1 's_GE precise_JJ percussion_NN1 work_NN1 is_VBZ fascinating_JJ to_TO watch_VVI ,_, but_CCB of_RR21 course_RR22 he_PPHS1 should_VM n't_XX really_RR be_VBI sitting_VVG almost_RR on_II stage_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ also_RR difficult_JJ to_TO stop_VVI the_AT brass_NN1 from_II becoming_VVG over-prominent_JJ when_CS they_PPHS2 're_VBR sitting_VVG above_II everyone_PN1 else_RR ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ no_AT satisfaction_NN1 in_II recalling_VVG that_CST Verdi_NP1 himself_PPX1 had_VHD to_TO tolerate_VVI visible_JJ orchestras_NNJ2 *-_- he_PPHS1 submerged_VVD them_PPHO2 just_RR as_CS31 soon_CS32 as_CS33 he_PPHS1 could_VM ,_, and_CC blamed_VVD Wagner_NP1 for_IF the_AT idea_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II Mercury_NP1 Theatre_NNL1 ,_, The_AT Problem_NN1 of_IO the_AT Pit_NN1 must_VM surely_RR be_VBI one_MC1 of_IO its_APPGE top_JJ priorities_NN2 ,_, and_CC one_PN1 to_TO be_VBI addressed_VVN as_RG soon_RR as_CSA possible_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Unforeseen_JJ disasters_NN2 compounded_VVD the_AT situation_NN1 ,_, and_CC included_VVD Juan_NP1 Matteucci_NP1 's_VBZ being_VBG taken_VVN off_RP to_II hospital_NN1 after_II two_MC days_NNT2 into_II rehearsal_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Matteucci_NP1 ,_, whose_DDQGE every_AT1 pore_NN1 seems_VVZ to_TO breathe_VVI Italian_JJ opera_NN1 ,_, has_VHZ carried_VVN Mercury_NP1 's_GE musical_JJ direction_NN1 through_RR41 thick_RR42 and_RR43 thin_RR44 ._. ^ ^_NULL His_APPGE involvement_NN1 in_II *1_NULL Traviata_NP1 *0_NULL was_VBDZ crucial_JJ and_CC intensive_JJ ,_, and_CC his_APPGE speedy_JJ return_NN1 prompted_VVD relieved_JJ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL prayers_NN2 of_IO thanks_NN2 and_CC reminded_VVD everyone_PN1 how_RRQ fragile_JJ and_CC dependent_JJ the_AT whole_JJ enterprise_NN1 really_RR is_VBZ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Andrew_NP1 Sewell_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 conductor_NN1 from_II the_AT ranks_NN2 who_PNQS has_VHZ been_VBN acting_VVG as_II a_AT1 kind_NN1 of_IO unsung_JJ ,_, second-class_JJ ,_, voluntary_JJ ,_, sub-assistant_NN1 ,_, part-time_JJ conductor_NN1 ,_, was_VBDZ given_VVN a_AT1 performance_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE own_DA to_TO conduct_VVI and_CC the_AT result_NN1 was_VBDZ impressive_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL More_RGR important_JJ though_CS was_VBDZ the_AT relief_NN1 expressed_VVN by_II everyone_PN1 in_II the_AT knowledge_NN1 that_CST some_DD sense_NN1 of_IO musical_JJ continuity_NN1 was_VBDZ being_VBG established_VVN at_II the_AT podium_NN1 and_CC that_CST the_AT possibility_NN1 now_RT existed_VVD of_IO a_AT1 spreading_NN1 of_IO the_AT load_NN1 that_CST has_VHZ so_RG far_RR had_VHN to_TO be_VBI carried_VVN by_II the_AT maestro_NN1 himself_PPX1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL But_CCB when_CS all_DB 's_VBZ said_VVN and_CC done_VDN ,_, the_AT central_JJ problems_NN2 of_IO the_AT opera_NN1 lie_VV0 within_II the_AT work_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *1_NULL Traviata_NP1 *0_NULL has_VHZ a_AT1 libretto_NN1 that_CST telescopes_NN2 time_VV0 in_II a_AT1 ruthless_JJ manner_NN1 ,_, and_CC hinges_VVZ on_II conventions_NN2 of_IO family_NN honour_VV0 which_DDQ are_VBR almost_RR impossible_JJ for_IF a_AT1 contemporary_JJ audience_NN to_TO appreciate_VVI ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT theatrical_JJ trap_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO try_VVI to_TO fill_VVI the_AT production_NN1 with_IW lots_PN of_IO *"_" business_NN1 **"_" in_II the_AT mistaken_JJ belief_NN1 that_CST the_AT opera_NN1 needs_VVZ to_TO be_VBI made_VVN more_RGR real_JJ to_II the_AT public_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL Raymond_NP1 Hawthorne_NP1 chose_VVD rather_RR to_TO let_VVI each_DD1 act_NN1 develop_VVI its_APPGE own_DA tempo_NN1 and_CC one_PN1 was_VBDZ surprised_JJ to_TO discover_VVI that_CST the_AT whole_JJ opera_NN1 is_VBZ almost_RR an_AT1 unbroken_JJ symphonic_JJ progression_NN1 from_II a_AT1 fast_JJ movement_NN1 to_II a_AT1 slow_JJ one_PN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL So_RR much_DA1 for_IF the_AT conception_NN1 and_CC the_AT production_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL What_DDQ of_IO the_AT execution_NN1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL How_RRQ did_VDD they_PPHS2 *1_NULL sing_VVI ?_? ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Anthony_NP1 Benfell_NP1 must_VM be_VBI one_MC1 of_IO the_AT Mercury_NP1 's_GE prize_NN1 possessions_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 's_VBZ a_AT1 tenor_NN1 ,_, he_PPHS1 looks_VVZ good_JJ on_II stage_NN1 and_CC he_PPHS1 acts_VVZ convincingly_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL His_APPGE voice_NN1 has_VHZ an_AT1 appealing_JJ warmth_NN1 to_II it_PPH1 ,_, and_CC he_PPHS1 can_VM be_VBI heroic_JJ without_IW being_VBG harsh_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Above_II all_DB he_PPHS1 sings_VVZ ,_, **[_NULL sic_RR **]_NULL musically_RR and_CC has_VHZ the_AT ability_NN1 to_TO impart_VVI colour_NN1 on_II the_AT move_NN1 ,_, although_CS his_APPGE tendency_NN1 to_II constant_JJ diminuendo_NN1 could_VM become_VVI habit-forming_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT alternative_NN1 cast_VVD ,_, Warren_NP1 Cottrell_NP1 presented_VVD himself_PPX1 as_CSA perhaps_RR a_AT1 more_RGR believable_JJ Alfredo_NP1 and_CC shared_VVN in_II some_DD of_IO Benfell_NP1 's_GE undoubted_JJ vocal_JJ qualities_NN2 ,_, but_CCB lacked_VVD the_AT overall_JJ stamina_NN1 which_DDQ Verdi_NP1 requires_VVZ throughout_RL ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Roger_NP1 Creagh_NP1 must_VM be_VBI mentioned_VVN too_RR ,_, in_II a_AT1 necessarily_RR select_JJ list_NN1 of_IO the_AT men_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL As_CSA Alfredo_NP1 's_GE father_NN1 he_PPHS1 sometimes_RT stole_VVD the_AT scene_NN1 with_IW his_APPGE forthright_JJ presence_NN1 and_CC in_RR21 particular_RR22 his_APPGE inspired_JJ singing_NN1 ,_, especially_RR as_CSA he_PPHS1 sets_VVZ about_II persuading_VVG Alfredo_NP1 to_TO return_VVI home_RL ._. ^ ^_NULL One_PN1 wishes_VVZ occasionally_RR for_IF more_DAR variety_NN1 of_IO tone_NN1 and_CC level_NN1 ,_, but_CCB Creagh_NP1 's_GE voice_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 deep_JJ ,_, rich_JJ instrument_NN1 and_CC it_PPH1 is_VBZ always_RR deployed_VVN to_II great_JJ effect_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *1_NULL Traviata_NP1 *0_NULL is_VBZ ,_, of_RR21 course_RR22 ,_, Violetta_NP1 's_GE show_NN1 ,_, and_CC everyone_PN1 knows_VVZ by_RT21 now_RT22 that_CST Miyuki_NP1 Morimoto_NP1 was_VBDZ stunning_JJ and_CC Lorna_NP1 Castaneda_NP1 was_VBDZ pretty_RG average_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Well_RR ..._... it_PPH1 is_VBZ certainly_RR true_JJ that_CST the_AT Japanese_JJ soprano_NN1 had_VHD a_AT1 natural_JJ flow_NN1 to_II everything_PN1 she_PPHS1 did_VDD on_II stage_NN1 while_CS Castaneda_NP1 had_VHD some_RR stilted_VVN moments_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Morimoto_NP1 did_VDD look_VVI as_CS21 though_CS22 she_PPHS1 could_VM well_RR have_VHI been_VBN struck_VVN down_RP by_II some_DD fatal_JJ illness_NN1 ,_, but_CCB Castaneda_NP1 was_VBDZ obviously_RR robust_JJ and_CC less_RGR prone_JJ to_II passing_VVG diseases_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Morimoto_NP1 's_GE great_JJ strength_NN1 was_VBDZ in_II her_APPGE singing_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ more_DAR than_CSN matched_VVD Verdi_NP1 's_GE *"_" impossible_JJ **"_" writing_NN1 ,_, and_CC remained_VVD sure_JJ and_CC seemingly_RR effortless_JJ in_II its_APPGE quality_NN1 of_IO line_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Castaneda_NP1 's_GE notes_NN2 were_VBDR erratic_JJ at_II times_NNT2 ,_, and_CC her_APPGE fullness_NN1 of_IO sound_NN1 was_VBDZ overdone_VVN ,_, with_IW a_AT1 tendency_NN1 to_TO become_VVI unpleasantly_RR harsh_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB in_II Acts_NN2 *=_NULL II_MC and_CC *=_NULL III_MC ,_, where_CS she_PPHS1 felt_VVD it_PPH1 less_RGR incumbent_JJ upon_II her_PPHO1 to_TO reach_VVI for_IF the_AT heavens_NN2 ,_, she_PPHS1 displayed_VVD a_AT1 lovely_JJ voice_NN1 ,_, with_IW middle_JJ and_CC lower_JJR areas_NN2 which_DDQ I_PPIS1 myself_PPX1 found_VVD quite_RG captivating_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Added_VVN to_II that_DD1 was_VBDZ her_APPGE clarity_NN1 and_CC care_NN1 for_IF the_AT words_NN2 she_PPHS1 was_VBDZ singing_VVG ,_, against_II which_DDQ Morimoto_NP1 's_GE sometimes_RT indistinct_JJ enunciation_NN1 made_VVD her_PPHO1 simply_RR difficult_JJ to_TO follow_VVI ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Certainly_RR in_II my_APPGE mind_NN1 there_EX was_VBDZ no_AT sharp_JJ division_NN1 into_II a_AT1 first_MD eleven_MC and_CC a_AT1 second_NNT1 eleven_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL One_MC1 cast_NN had_VHD an_AT1 obvious_JJ star_NN1 ,_, with_IW lesser_JJ luminaries_NN2 ,_, while_CS the_AT other_NN1 was_VBDZ more_RGR evenly_RR drawn_VVN ,_, but_CCB enjoyable_JJ for_IF its_APPGE cohesive_JJ quality_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Perhaps_RR the_AT main_JJ success_NN1 in_II all_DB this_DD1 is_VBZ that_CST we_PPIS2 have_VH0 been_VBN given_VVN a_AT1 production_NN1 that_CST permits_NN2 of_IO criticism_NN1 without_IW embarrassment_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Opera_NN1 reviews_VVZ in_II this_DD1 country_NN1 have_VH0 had_VHN a_AT1 history_NN1 of_IO polite_JJ restraint_NN1 since_CS the_AT inequalities_NN2 ,_, lapses_NN2 and_CC misjudgements_NN2 are_VBR too_RG painfully_RR obvious_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL *1_NULL Traviata_NP1 *0_NULL was_VBDZ excellent_JJ in_II many_DA2 respects_NN2 and_CC it_PPH1 augurs_VVZ well_RR for_IF the_AT future_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX 's_VBZ still_RR a_AT1 long_JJ way_NN1 to_TO go_VVI ,_, but_CCB if_CS this_DD1 production_NN1 has_VHZ provided_VVN no_AT more_DAR than_CSN a_AT1 minimum_JJ standard_NN1 for_IF the_AT gradually_RR evolving_VVG tradition_NN1 of_IO Mercury_NP1 Opera_NN1 ,_, then_RT that_CST in_II itself_PPX1 will_VM be_VBI a_AT1 huge_JJ success_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *2_NULL WHICH_DDQ LEADS_VVZ US_PPIO2 *0_NULL to_II a_AT1 larger_JJR and_CC very_RG pressing_JJ question_NN1 in_II the_AT arts_NN2 today_RT *-_- what_DDQ is_VBZ a_AT1 success_NN1 ?_? ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Answers_NN2 have_VH0 always_RR included_VVN some_DD reference_NN1 to_II the_AT delicate_JJ equation_NN1 between_II degrees_NN2 of_IO excellence_NN1 on_II the_AT one_MC1 side_NN1 and_CC money_NN1 on_II the_AT other_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Money_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 particularly_RR important_JJ factor_NN1 in_II the_AT performing_NN1 arts_NN2 ,_, and_CC the_AT drive_NN1 to_TO get_VVI what_DDQ the_AT professionals_NN2 dismissively_RR call_VV0 *"_" bums_NN2 on_II seats_NN2 **"_" can_VM be_VBI a_AT1 frantic_JJ one_PN1 ,_, especially_RR if_CS one_PN1 feels_VVZ one_PN1 's_GE subsidy_NN1 at_II risk_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Be_VB0 it_PPH1 ever_RG21 so_RG22 good_JJ in_II31 terms_II32 of_II33 artistic_JJ standards_NN2 ,_, an_AT1 enterprise_NN1 can_VM still_RR be_VBI axed_VVN if_CS it_PPH1 persists_VVZ in_II losing_VVG more_DAR than_CSN it_PPH1 has_VHZ to_TO spend_VVI ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Arts_NN2 promoters_NN2 have_VH0 to_TO redouble_VVI their_APPGE efforts_NN2 to_TO get_VVI people_NN out_II21 of_II22 their_APPGE homes_NN2 and_CC to_TO keep_VVI interested_JJ those_DD2 who_PNQS do_VD0 seem_VVI to_TO go_VVI to_TO live_VVI performances_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Whenever_RRQV programmes_NN2 are_VBR opened_VVN in_II the_AT Town_NN1 Hall_NNL1 there_EX is_VBZ a_AT1 rush_NN1 of_IO noise_NN1 as_II three_MC or_CC four_MC handbills_NN2 advertising_VVG other_JJ events_NN2 hit_VVD the_AT floor_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL On_II the_AT way_NN1 into_II a_AT1 concert_NN1 one_PN1 often_RR has_VHZ a_AT1 programme_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 quite_RG different_JJ concert_NN1 thrust_VVN into_II one_PN1 's_GE hand_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL On_II the_AT way_NN1 out_RP there_RL are_VBR more_DAR handbills_NN2 being_VBG passed_VVN out_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL Make_VV0 a_AT1 date_NN1 in_II your_APPGE diary_NN1 *-_- remember_VV0 the_AT date_NN1 *-_- please_RR come_VV0 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Subtler_NP1 and_CC more_RGR successful_JJ methods_NN2 are_VBR sometimes_RT tried_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Auckland_NP1 Philharmonia_NP1 Orchestra_NNJ runs_VVZ a_AT1 scheme_NN1 where_RRQ buses_NN2 are_VBR laid_VVN on_RP from_II such_DA Far_JJ Eastern_JJ shores_NN2 as_CSA Howick_NP1 ,_, or_CC such_DA Northern_NP1 Territories_NP1 as_CSA Takapuna_NP1 ,_, and_CC they_PPHS2 have_VH0 undoubtedly_RR contributed_VVN to_II the_AT recent_JJ notable_JJ increase_NN1 in_II audience_NN numbers_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL But_CCB schemes_NN2 like_II these_DD2 are_VBR exceptional_JJ in_II their_APPGE success_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Elsewhere_RL the_AT story_NN1 is_VBZ that_CST one_PN1 has_VHZ to_TO work_VVI very_RG hard_RR for_IF every_AT1 seat_NN1 sold_VVD ,_, and_CC new_JJ ,_, regular_JJ customers_NN2 are_VBR like_JJ hens_NN2 '_GE teeth_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT solution_NN1 is_VBZ either_RR more_DAR money_NN1 spent_VVN at_II the_AT start_NN1 of_IO the_AT process_NN1 ,_, or_CC more_DAR people_NN at_II the_AT end_NN1 of_IO it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Yet_RR it_PPH1 's_VBZ not_XX so_RG easy_JJ as_CSA that_DD1 ,_, since_CS more_DAR money_NN1 in_II publicity_NN1 and_CC promotion_NN1 usually_RR draws_VVZ more_DAR people_NN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ where_RRQ these_DD2 two_MC buzzwords_NN2 arrive_VV0 *-_- sponsorship_NN1 and_CC marketing_NN1 *-_- which_DDQ together_RL form_VV0 the_AT current_JJ *1_NULL {_NULL deus_NN131 ex_NN132 machina_NN133 }_NULL *0_NULL for_IF the_AT arts_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB are_VBR they_PPHS2 really_RR the_AT answer_NN1 ?_? ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Sponsors_NN2 tend_VV0 to_TO want_VVI publicity_NN1 and_CC so_CS they_PPHS2 have_VH0 a_AT1 habit_NN1 of_IO putting_VVG their_APPGE money_NN1 in_II only_JJ when_CS the_AT show_NN1 is_VBZ likely_JJ to_TO be_VBI successful_JJ ;_; which_DDQ of_RR21 course_RR22 begs_VVZ the_AT whole_JJ question_NN1 and_CC works_VVZ against_II the_AT new_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Of_RR21 course_RR22 ,_, the_AT real_JJ villain_NN1 stakes_NN2 lie_VV0 in_II another_DD1 area_NN1 altogether_RR *-_- the_AT world_NN1 of_IO sport_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ gobbles_VVZ up_RP sponsors_NN2 like_II a_ZZ1 Cyclops_NN2 and_CC leaves_VVZ little_DA1 for_IF anyone_PN1 else_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL *"_" Market_NN1 forces_NN2 **"_" ,_, people_NN say_VV0 ,_, *"_" it_PPH1 's_VBZ because_CS sport_NN1 is_VBZ so_RG much_DA1 popular_JJ **[_NULL sic_RR **]_NULL **"_" ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Well_RR ,_, maybe_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB how_RRQ can_VM an_AT1 activity_NN1 *1_NULL fail_VVI *0_NULL to_TO be_VBI popular_JJ when_CS it_PPH1 's_VHZ presented_VVN on_II the_AT mass_JJ media_NN almost_RR continuously_RR at_II the_AT weekend_NNT1 ,_, forms_VVZ a_AT1 third_MD of_IO the_AT main_JJ \_NULL TV_NN1 news_NN1 bulletin_NN1 every_AT1 day_NNT1 and_CC even_RR provides_VVZ a_AT1 basis_NN1 for_IF judging_VVG tomorrow_RT 's_GE weather_NN1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL Daily_JJ newspapers_NN2 devote_VV0 a_AT1 ratio_NN1 of_IO five_MC pages_NN2 to_II sport_NN1 and_CC five_MC hundred_NNO words_NN2 to_II the_AT arts_NN2 *-_- some_DD days_NNT2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Never_RR has_VHZ there_RL been_VBN so_RG much_DA1 fundraising_NN1 as_CSA is_VBZ now_RT going_VVG on_RP amongst_II so_RG few_DA2 people_NN for_IF such_DA a_AT1 single-minded_JJ activity_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT America_NP1 's_GE Cup_NN1 ,_, the_AT 1986_MC Commonwealth_NNJ Games_NN2 ,_, the_AT 1990_MC Commonwealth_NNJ Games_NN2 ,_, the_AT World_NN1 Cup_NN1 ,_, the_AT Olympics_NN2 ..._... one_PN1 wonders_VVZ what_DDQ likelihood_NN1 there_EX is_VBZ of_IO sponsors_NN2 for_IF the_AT arts_NN2 when_RRQ the_AT huge_JJ and_CC ever_RR expanding_VVG bill_NN1 of_IO fare_NN1 for_IF sport_NN1 is_VBZ finally_RR presented_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL Of_RR21 course_RR22 physical_JJ well-being_NN1 is_VBZ important_JJ ,_, and_CC sport_NN1 is_VBZ healthy_JJ ._. ^ (_( ^_NULL Buy_VV0 why_RRQ doctors_NN2 '_GE waiting-rooms_NN2 remain_VV0 full_JJ **[_NULL sic_RR **]_NULL ?_? )_) ^ |_NULL ^_NULL If_CS sponsors_NN2 ca_VM n't_XX be_VBI found_VVN ,_, then_RT marketing_NN1 is_VBZ suggested_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Arts_NN2 Council_NNJ 's_GE view_NN1 is_VBZ that_DD1 self-help_NN1 in_II the_AT business_NN1 of_IO promotion_NN1 to_II a_AT1 target_NN1 audience_NN is_VBZ the_AT way_NN1 ahead_RL ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC there_EX is_VBZ truth_NN1 in_II that_DD1 ,_, but_CCB there_EX is_VBZ also_RR danger_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL One_MC1 arts_VVZ group_NN ,_, having_VHG learned_VVN of_IO the_AT value_NN1 of_IO marketing_NN1 from_II the_AT Arts_NN2 Council_NNJ 's_GE policy_NN1 ,_, went_VVD ahead_RL and_CC applied_VVN to_II the_AT Arts_NN2 Council_NNJ for_IF a_AT1 large_JJ grant_NN1 to_TO cover_VVI the_AT cost_NN1 of_IO hiring_VVG a_AT1 marketing_NN1 consultant_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 case_NN1 of_IO falling_VVG into_II one_PN1 's_GE own_DA trap_NN1 ,_, surely_RR ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT more_RGR serious_JJ danger_NN1 emerges_VVZ when_RRQ one_PN1 foresees_VVZ the_AT possibility_NN1 of_IO not_XX just_RR targeting_VVG the_AT production_NN1 to_II one_MC1 audience_NN group_NN ,_, but_CCB also_RR restricting_VVG it_PPH1 to_II that_DD1 group_NN ,_, simply_RR because_CS no-one_PN1 else_RR knows_VVZ about_II it_PPH1 ,_, the_AT publicity_NN1 having_VHG gone_VVN only_RR to_II those_DD2 whose_DDQGE interests_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN winkled_VVN out_RP and_CC demonstrated_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL That_DD1 way_NN1 lies_VVZ gradual_JJ death_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 audience_NN through_II the_AT aging_JJ process_NN1 and_CC stratification_NN1 of_IO the_AT public_NN into_II young_JJ ,_, old_JJ ,_, ethnic_JJ ,_, traditional_JJ ,_, sophisticated_JJ ..._... when_CS art_NN1 alters_NN2 and_CC tastes_NN2 change_VV0 ,_, then_RT marketing_VVG strategies_NN2 collapse_VV0 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT alternative_NN1 is_VBZ for_IF art_NN1 and_CC taste_NN1 to_TO remain_VVI the_AT same_DA through_II everyone_PN1 's_GE life_NN1 ,_, and_CC what_DDQ a_AT1 boring_JJ prospect_NN1 that_CST would_VM be_VBI ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL If_CS we_PPIS2 believe_VV0 in_II the_AT arts_NN2 we_PPIS2 should_VM believe_VVI in_II their_APPGE right_NN1 to_TO exist_VVI and_CC to_TO be_VBI accessible_JJ ,_, like_II libraries_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 therefore_RR cost_VV0 money_NN1 and_CC governments_NNJ2 should_VM not_XX be_VBI allowed_VVN to_TO divert_VVI their_APPGE responsibilities_NN2 to_II business_NN1 handouts_NN2 and_CC managers_NN2 '_GE plans_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Now_CS21 that_CS22 the_AT cost-effective_JJ ,_, user-pays_NN2 policies_NN2 are_VBR being_VBG thrashed_VVN out_RP in_II the_AT state_NN1 service_NN1 areas_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 are_VBR entitled_VVN to_TO wonder_VVI whether_CSW more_DAR money_NN1 will_VM become_VVI available_JJ in_II the_AT state_NN1 funding_VVG areas_NN2 of_IO health_NN1 ,_, education_NN1 ,_, social_JJ welfare_NN1 and_CC *-_- wait_VV0 for_IF it_PPH1 *-_- the_AT arts_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL With_IW a_AT1 securely_RR funded_JJ base_NN1 ,_, supplementary_JJ sponsorship_NN1 and_CC clear_JJ ideas_NN2 about_II attracting_VVG audiences_NN2 ,_, the_AT arts_NN2 could_VM well_RR become_VVI successful_JJ again_RT and_CC play_VVI their_APPGE normal_JJ part_NN1 in_II the_AT mental_JJ and_CC spiritual_JJ energy_NN1 of_IO the_AT country_NN1 ;_; but_CCB brains_NN2 in_II gear_NN1 should_VM be_VBI the_AT measure_NN1 of_IO success_NN1 ,_, not_XX bums_NN2 on_II seats_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *3_NULL KARANGA_NP1 KARANGA_NP1 *0_NULL was_VBDZ an_AT1 attractive_JJ and_CC unassuming_JJ exhibition_NN1 sub-titled_JJ *"_" an_AT1 exhibition_NN1 of_IO contemporary_JJ creations_NN2 by_II Maori_JJ women_NN2 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 closed_VVD last_MD month_NNT1 at_II the_AT Fisher_NP1 Gallery_NNL1 whose_DDQGE clean_JJ ,_, well-lit_JJ surroundings_NN2 had_VHD provided_VVN one_MC1 venue_NN1 in_II what_DDQ was_VBDZ really_RR a_AT1 tripartite_NN1 venture_NN1 ,_, with_IW Gisborne_NP1 and_CC Wellington_NP1 providing_VVG the_AT other_JJ two_MC centres_NN2 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 233+TEXT+G46_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT main_JJ concert_NN1 promoters_NN2 offer_VV0 us_PPIO2 little_DA1 in_II September_NPM1 *-_- though_CS what_DDQ there_EX is_VBZ ,_, is_VBZ first_MD rate_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 highlights_VVZ the_AT dominant_JJ position_NN1 in_II Wellington_NP1 's_GE music_NN1 of_IO impressario_NN1 ,_, \_NULL Rev_NNB John_NP1 Murray_NP1 ,_, of_IO \_NULL St_NP Andrews_NP1 on_II the_AT Terrace_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL His_APPGE determination_NN1 to_TO fill_VVI his_APPGE church_NN1 with_IW music_NN1 is_VBZ bearing_VVG fruit_NN :_: there_EX are_VBR twelve_MC concerts_NN2 and_CC recitals_NN2 scheduled_VVD during_II September_NPM1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT last_MD five_MC years_NNT2 the_AT church_NN1 has_VHZ won_VVN its_APPGE special_JJ place_NN1 both_RR by_II John_NP1 Murray_NP1 's_GE enthusiasm_NN1 and_CC by_II its_APPGE purchases_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 baroque_NN1 organ_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 new_JJ concert_NN1 grand_JJ piano_NN1 which_DDQ give_VV0 it_PPH1 an_AT1 edge_NN1 over_II certain_JJ traditional_JJ concert_NN1 venues_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT series_NN of_IO free_JJ Wednesday_NPD1 lunch-time_NNT1 concerts_NN2 continues_VVZ ,_, with_IW a_AT1 special_JJ one_PN1 on_II Tuesday_NPD1 the_AT 16th_MD to_TO introduce_VVI the_AT \_NULL St_NP Andrews_NP1 Chamber_NP1 Orchestra_NNJ ,_, directed_VVN by_II Ken_NP1 Young_NP1 (_( Symphony_NN1 Orchestra_NNJ tuba_NN1 player_NN1 and_CC composer_NN1 )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 play_VV0 one_MC1 of_IO the_AT all-time_JJ favourites_NN2 :_: the_AT great_JJ Octet_NN1 by_II Schubert_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 work_NN1 bridging_VVG the_AT gap_NN1 between_II symphonic_JJ and_CC chamber_NN1 music_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT third_MD of_IO \_NULL St_NP Andrews_NP1 '_GE celebrity_NN1 concerts_NN2 presents_VVZ gifted_JJ teenage_JJ pianist_NN1 Eugene_NP1 Albulescu_NP1 at_II 4_MC {_NULL pm_RA }_NULL on_II Sunday_NPD1 the_AT 21st_MD ._. ^ ^_NULL In_RR21 addition_RR22 pay_VV0 attention_NN1 to_II the_AT Early_JJ Music_NN1 Union_NNJ with_IW several_DA2 concerts_NN2 at_II \_NULL St_NP Andrews_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Do_VD0 n't_XX be_VBI put_VVN off_RP by_II their_APPGE fusty_JJ name_NN1 :_: it_PPH1 's_VBZ not_XX all_DB madrigals_NN2 and_CC sackbuts_VVZ :_: they_PPHS2 actually_RR reach_VV0 modern_JJ times_NNT2 with_IW a_AT1 series_NN of_IO three_MC recitals_NN2 of_IO Mozart_NP1 piano_NN1 and_CC violin_NN1 sonatas_NN2 *-_- on_II 16_MC ,_, 17_MC ,_, 18_MC September_NPM1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT {_NULL EMU_NN1 }_NULL also_RR present_VV0 the_AT London_NP1 Pro_II Musica_NP1 group_NN playing_VVG English_JJ and_CC Italian_JJ renaissance_NN1 music_NN1 on_II 9_MC September_NPM1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT only_JJ {_NULL NZ_NP }_NULL Symphony_NN1 Orchestra_NNJ concert_NN1 this_DD1 month_NNT1 is_VBZ on_II the_AT 16th_MD following_NN1 which_DDQ the_AT orchestra_NNJ tours_VVZ the_AT provinces_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Pascal_NP1 Roge_NP1 ,_, another_DD1 of_IO the_AT school_NN1 of_IO French_JJ pianists_NN2 ,_, plays_VVZ Ravel_NP1 's_GE Concerto_NN1 for_IF the_AT left_JJ hand_NN1 and_CC gives_VVZ a_AT1 solo_JJ recital_NN1 at_II the_AT State_NP Opera_NP House_NNL1 on_II the_AT 16th_MD ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX 's_VBZ only_RR one_MC1 presentation_NN1 by_II the_AT city_NN1 's_VBZ other_JJ main_JJ concert_NN1 promoter_NN1 ,_, the_AT Wellington_NP1 Chamber_NP1 Music_NN1 Society_NNJ *-_- by_II the_AT Concertante_NN1 Ensemble_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT last_MD concert_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 wind_NN1 group_NN ,_, of_IO mainly_RR Symphony_NN1 Orchestra_NNJ players_NN2 ,_, was_VBDZ a_AT1 justified_JJ sell-out_NN1 during_II the_AT Festival_NN1 in_II March_NPM1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL If_CS you_PPY are_VBR among_II those_DD2 who_PNQS regard_VV0 chamber_NN1 music_NN1 as_II a_AT1 bit_NN1 elitist_NN1 ,_, an_AT1 acquired_JJ taste_NN1 ,_, go_NN1 to_II this_DD1 concert_NN1 and_CC have_VH0 your_APPGE prejudices_NN2 shattered_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL On_II the_AT other_JJ hand_NN1 ,_, even_CS21 if_CS22 you_PPY are_VBR starting_VVG to_TO tire_VVI of_IO the_AT current_JJ obsession_NN1 with_IW Mozart_NP1 ,_, make_VV0 the_AT effort_NN1 to_TO hear_VVI one_MC1 of_IO his_APPGE very_RG greatest_JJT works_VVZ *-_- the_AT Serenade_NN1 for_IF 13_MC wind_NN1 instruments_NN2 (_( though_CS the_AT 13th_MD is_VBZ a_AT1 double_JJ bass_NN1 )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 's_VHZ filled_VVN with_IW marvellous_JJ sonorities_NN2 and_CC sustained_JJ melody_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 also_RR play_VV0 an_AT1 Octet_NN1 by_II Franz_NP1 Krommer_NP1 ,_, considered_VVN in_II his_APPGE time_NNT1 as_CSA in_II the_AT class_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE contemporary_JJ Beethoven_NP1 as_II a_AT1 composer_NN1 of_IO chamber_NN1 music_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Heralding_VVG this_DD1 year_NNT1 's_GE major_JJ concert_NN1 by_II the_AT Wellington_NP1 Youth_NN Orchestra_NNJ ,_, in_II the_AT Wellington_NP Town_NNL1 Hall_NP1 ,_, on_II Saturday_NPD1 4_MC October_NPM1 ,_, will_VM be_VBI an_AT1 especially_RR composed_JJ fanfare_NN1 by_II William_NP1 Southgate_NP1 ,_, the_AT Orchestra_NNJ 's_GE conductor_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT fanfare_NN1 will_VM utilize_VVI the_AT full_JJ brass_NN1 section_NN1 ,_, together_II21 with_II22 tympani_NN2 and_CC percussion_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT programme_NN1 will_VM also_RR include_VVI Elgar_NP1 's_GE Serenade_NN1 for_IF strings_NN2 ,_, Dances_VVZ from_II Tchaikovsky_NP1 's_GE Nutcracker_NN1 Ballet_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT first_MD New_NP Zealand_NP1 performance_NN1 of_IO Carl_NP1 Nielsen_NP1 's_GE third_MD symphony_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Makes_VVZ you_PPY wonder_VVI what_DDQ happens_VVZ all_DB the_AT rest_NN1 of_IO the_AT month_NNT1 in_II the_AT {_NULL MFC_NP }_NULL ,_, the_AT old_JJ Town_NN1 Hall_NNL1 ,_, the_AT Concert_NN1 Chamber_NP1 ,_, the_AT State_NP Opera_NP House_NNL1 ..._... ^ ^_NULL \_NULL St_NP Andrews_NP1 on_II the_AT Terrace_NN1 makes_VVZ up_RP for_IF them_PPHO2 though_RR ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Lindis_NP1 Taylor_NP1 *>_NULL ^ *<_NULL The_AT 22nd_MD National_JJ Folk_NP Festival_NP \_NULL St_NNL1 Patricks_NP1 College_NNL1 ,_, Kilbirnie_NP1 and_CC the_AT State_NP Opera_NP House_NNL1 ._. ^ *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT annual_JJ National_JJ Folk_NN2 Festival_NN1 was_VBDZ held_VVN in_II Wellington_NP1 over_II Queen_NP1 's_GE Birthday_NN1 weekend_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II their_APPGE 22nd_MD year_NNT1 and_CC utilising_VVG the_AT modern_JJ facilities_NN2 of_IO \_NULL St_NP Pat_NP1 's_GE College_NN1 ,_, the_AT festival_NN1 attracted_VVD around_RG three_MC hundred_NNO registered_JJ paticipants_NN2 from_II throughout_II the_AT country_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 three_MC person_NN1 committee_NNJ from_II the_AT Wellington_NP1 Folk_NN2 Club_NNJ were_VBDR responsible_JJ for_IF the_AT organisation_NN1 of_IO the_AT weekend_NNT1 and_CC the_AT co-ordination_NN1 between_II clubs_NN2 around_II the_AT country_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT festival_NN1 consisted_VVD of_IO two_MC days_NNT2 (_( Saturday_NPD1 and_CC Sunday_NPD1 )_) of_IO mini_JJ concerts_NN2 and_CC workshops_NN2 from_II local_JJ ,_, national_JJ and_CC international_JJ guests_NN2 at_II the_AT College_NN1 and_CC the_AT Ballads_NN2 to_II Blues_NN2 concert_NN1 on_II the_AT Sunday_NPD1 evening_NNT1 at_II the_AT State_NP Opera_NP House_NNL1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Every_AT1 second_MD person_NN1 around_II the_AT College_NN1 seemed_VVD to_TO be_VBI carrying_VVG an_AT1 instrument_NN1 case_NN1 of_IO some_DD size_NN1 or_CC shape_NN1 and_CC there_EX was_VBDZ a_AT1 continual_JJ ambience_NN1 of_IO strumming_VVG guitars_NN2 and_CC picking_VVG banjos_NN2 around_II the_AT large_JJ court_NN1 yard_NN1 and_CC from_II the_AT numerous_JJ rooms_NN2 ,_, halls_NN2 and_CC theatres_NN2 as_CSA people_NN taught_VVD ,_, learned_VVD ,_, jammed_VVD ,_, practised_VVD or_CC performed_VVD ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Over_II the_AT weekend_NNT1 a_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO more_RGR formal_JJ mini_JJ concerts_NN2 provided_VVD passive_JJ entertainment_NN1 for_IF the_AT festival_NN1 goers_NN2 and_CC a_ZZ1 *'_" come_VV0 all_DB ye_PPY **'_" singers_NN2 and_CC songwriters_NN2 show_VV0 on_II the_AT last_MD afternoon_NNT1 provided_VVN time_NNT1 for_IF any_DD and_CC all_DB to_TO participate_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL Performances_NN2 were_VBDR generally_RR very_RG well_RR received_VVN as_CSA artists_NN2 played_VVN in_II31 front_II32 of_II33 their_APPGE peers_NN2 and_CC good_JJ performances_NN2 were_VBDR well_RR rewarded_VVN by_II audiences_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Workshops_NN2 were_VBDR offered_VVN in_II a_AT1 wide_JJ range_NN1 of_IO activities_NN2 including_II differing_VVG styles_NN2 of_IO folk_NN dance_NN1 ,_, singing_VVG delivery_NN1 ,_, acoustic_JJ instruments_NN2 ,_, the_AT dynamics_NN of_IO bluegrass_NN1 ,_, song_NN1 writing_NN1 ,_, dulcimer_NN1 and_CC intercultural_JJ eclecticism_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Entry_NN1 was_VBDZ free_JJ to_II all_DB festival_NN1 activities_NN2 for_IF those_DD2 who_PNQS paid_VVD a_AT1 registration_NN1 fee_NN1 of_IO *+_NULL $25_NNU and_CC the_AT aim_NN1 of_IO the_AT organisers_NN2 was_VBDZ to_TO break_VVI even_RR with_IW any_DD surplus_NN1 being_VBG carried_VVN over_RP to_II the_AT following_JJ year_NNT1 's_GE festival_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ a_AT1 credit_NN1 to_II the_AT organisational_JJ skills_NN2 and_CC dedicated_VVD hard_JJ work_NN1 of_IO those_DD2 concerned_JJ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL that_CST this_DD1 occurs_VVZ ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT festival_NN1 also_RR received_VVN a_ZZ1 *+_NULL $1,000_NNU grant_NN1 from_II the_AT Regional_JJ Arts_NN2 Council_NNJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Certainly_RR a_AT1 worthy_JJ investment_NN1 for_IF the_AT Council_NNJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL As_CSA in_II previous_JJ years_NNT2 the_AT festival_NN1 organisers_NN2 engage_VV0 an_AT1 overseas_JJ guest_NN1 artist_NN1 (_( usually_RR from_II the_AT {_NULL UK_NP }_NULL in_II31 line_II32 with_II33 the_AT predominant_JJ interests_NN2 and_CC influences_NN2 of_IO the_AT {_NULL NZ_NP }_NULL folk_NN2 community_NNJ )_) and_CC shares_NN2 the_AT cost_NN1 throughout_II the_AT federation_NNJ of_IO {_NULL NZ_NP }_NULL clubs_NN2 (_( where_CS the_AT artist_NN1 tours_VVZ after_II the_AT festival_NN1 )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 year_NNT1 's_GE guest_NN1 was_VBDZ John_NP1 Kirkpatrick_NP1 ,_, an_AT1 affable_JJ English_JJ folky_JJ who_PNQS plays_VVZ a_AT1 range_NN1 of_IO *'_" squeeze_NN1 boxes_NN2 **'_" or_CC as_CSA they_PPHS2 are_VBR more_RGR correctly_RR called_VVN ,_, accordian_NN1 ,_, melodian_JJ and_CC concertina_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 has_VHZ an_AT1 extensive_JJ background_NN1 in_II the_AT English_JJ folk_NN2 and_CC folk-rock_JJ community_NNJ having_VHG recorded_VVN with_IW the_AT likes_NN2 of_IO Richard_NP1 Thompson_NP1 and_CC Linda_NP1 Thompson_NP1 ,_, Ralph_NP1 McTell_NP1 ,_, Gerry_NP1 Rafferty_NP1 ,_, Martin_NP1 Carthy_NP1 (_( a_ZZ1 previous_JJ festival_NN1 guest_NN1 )_) ,_, Ashley_NP1 Hustings_NP1 (_( Fairport_NP1 Convention_NN1 )_) and_CC has_VHZ been_VBN a_AT1 member_NN1 of_IO Steeleye_NN1 Span_NN1 and_CC the_AT Albion_NN1 Band_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Much_DA1 of_IO his_APPGE work_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN in_II partnership_NN1 with_IW vocalist_NN1 Sue_NP1 Harris_NP1 and_CC he_PPHS1 has_VHZ a_AT1 long_JJ interest_NN1 and_CC involvement_NN1 in_II folk_NN2 and_CC country_NN1 dance_NN1 music_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL His_APPGE involvement_NN1 with_IW the_AT festival_NN1 included_VVD a_AT1 mini_JJ concert_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 Morris_NP1 Dance_NN1 workshop_NN1 and_CC his_APPGE performance_NN1 in_II the_AT Ballads_NN2 to_II Blues_NN2 concert_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 valuable_JJ experience_NN1 for_IF local_JJ people_NN to_TO meet_VVI and_CC hold_VVI workshops_NN2 with_IW an_AT1 international_JJ artist_NN1 as_CC31 well_CC32 as_CC33 seeing_VVG him_PPHO1 in_II formal_JJ concert_NN1 performance_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT main_JJ public_JJ event_NN1 of_IO the_AT festival_NN1 was_VBDZ the_AT annual_JJ Ballads_NN2 to_II Blues_NN2 concert_NN1 at_II the_AT Opera_NN1 House_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX are_VBR many_DA2 in_II the_AT community_NNJ with_IW an_AT1 interest_NN1 in_II folk_NN2 and_CC blues_NN2 but_CCB without_IW the_AT commitment_NN1 to_TO wish_VVI to_TO go_VVI to_II a_AT1 festival_NN1 or_CC workshops_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Opera_NN1 House_NN1 finale_NN1 to_II the_AT festival_NN1 allows_VVZ the_AT public_JJ to_TO see_VVI and_CC hear_VVI a_AT1 cross_JJ section_NN1 of_IO the_AT folk_NN2 community_NNJ *-_- and_CC the_AT overseas_JJ guest_NN1 ,_, and_CC is_VBZ always_RR well_RR patronised_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Local_JJ satyrist_NN1 **[_NULL sic_RR **]_NULL Michael_NP1 Wilson_NP1 was_VBDZ the_AT zany_JJ and_CC entertaining_JJ compere_NN1 of_IO the_AT show_NN1 and_CC as_CSA he_PPHS1 said_VVD *"_" was_VBDZ born_VVN a_AT1 *'_" rhesus_NN1 factor_NN1 **'_" baby_NN1 and_CC has_VHZ been_VBN into_II the_AT blues_NN2 ever_RR since_RR **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT evening_NNT1 was_VBDZ opened_VVN by_II the_AT Canterbury_NP1 Bush_NP1 Orchestra_NNJ who_PNQS recreate_VV0 {_NULL NZ_NP }_NULL '_" s_ZZ1 early_JJ music_NN1 heritage_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 large_JJ range_NN1 of_IO traditional_JJ instruments_NN2 including_II the_AT basis_NN1 of_IO the_AT bush_NN1 sound_NN1 ,_, the_AT chest_NN1 bass_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Their_APPGE authentic_JJ brand_NN1 of_IO colonial_JJ music_NN1 had_VHD the_AT audience_NN toe_NN1 tapping_VVG and_CC provided_VVD a_AT1 good_JJ warm_JJ up_II21 to_II22 a_AT1 cold_JJ evening_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Chris_NP1 Penman_NP1 provided_VVD an_AT1 interesting_JJ contrast_NN1 to_II the_AT large_JJ Bush_NP1 Orchestra_NNJ with_IW her_APPGE strong_JJ singing_NN1 in_II the_AT traditional_JJ English_JJ style_NN1 and_CC was_VBDZ ably_RR accompanied_VVN by_II Mike_NP1 Maroney_NP1 on_II acoustic_JJ guitar_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 were_VBDR joined_VVN by_II Liz_NP1 Murton_NP1 and_CC later_RRR by_II Martin_NP1 Curtis_NP1 who_PNQS sang_VVD an_AT1 interesting_JJ Central_NP Otago_NP1 folk_NN1 song_NN1 with_IW the_AT three_MC women_NN2 singing_VVG harmony_NN1 backing_NN1 vocals_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT first_MD half_NN of_IO the_AT evening_NNT1 was_VBDZ closed_VVN by_II local_JJ blues_NN2 artists_NN2 Marg_NP1 Layton_NP1 and_CC Dave_NP1 Murphy_NP1 in_II a_AT1 duo_NN1 that_CST they_PPHS2 began_VVD last_MD year_NNT1 for_IF a_AT1 late_JJ night_NNT1 season_VV0 at_II Downstage_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Their_APPGE set_NN1 included_VVD several_DA2 full_JJ powered_JJ duets_NN2 of_IO Memphis_NP1 Minnie_NP1 songs_NN2 ,_, a_AT1 guest_NN1 appearance_NN1 by_II Andrew_NP1 Delahunty_NP1 on_II harmonica_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 solo_JJ spot_NN1 by_II Dave_NP1 Murphy_NP1 allowing_VVG him_PPHO1 to_TO demonstrate_VVI his_APPGE fine_JJ finger_NN1 picking_VVG blues_NN2 guitar_NN1 style_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Marg_NP1 Layton_NP1 was_VBDZ in_II fine_JJ voice_NN1 and_CC was_VBDZ well_RR received_VVN by_II the_AT audience_NN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Marion_NP1 Arts_NN2 and_CC Robbie_NP1 Laven_NP1 opened_VVD the_AT second_MD half_NN with_IW their_APPGE own_DA brand_NN1 of_IO acoustic_JJ contemporary_JJ and_CC tradition_NN1 material_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Both_DB2 are_VBR former_DA members_NN2 of_IO the_AT near_JJ legendary_NN1 *'_" 1953_MC Memorial_NP Rock_NNL1 and_CC Roll_NN1 Band_NN1 **'_" (_( 1971-1973_MCMC )_) and_CC the_AT *'_" Red_JJ Hot_JJ Peppers_NN2 **'_" and_CC have_VH0 recently_RR returned_VVN to_II {_NULL NZ_NP }_NULL after_CS nearly_RR ten_MC years_NNT2 in_II Australia_NP1 and_CC Europe_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 European_JJ influence_NN1 was_VBDZ very_RG strong_JJ in_II their_APPGE music_NN1 (_( French_NN1 and_CC Flemish_NN )_) and_CC the_AT many_DA2 years_NNT2 of_IO professional_JJ work_NN1 was_VBDZ delightfully_RR demonstrated_VVN by_II their_APPGE performance_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL For_IF me_PPIO1 and_CC many_DA2 others_NN2 ,_, judging_VVG by_II the_AT applause_NN1 and_CC call_NN1 for_IF an_AT1 encore_NN1 ,_, the_AT highlight_NN1 of_IO the_AT evening_NNT1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Martha_NP1 Louise_NP1 is_VBZ an_AT1 American_NN1 who_PNQS moved_VVD to_TO {_NULL NZ_NP }_NULL in_II the_AT early_JJ 1970_MC 's_GE and_CC plays_VVZ in_II a_AT1 contemporary_JJ folk_NN2 style_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Her_APPGE first_MD album_NN1 ,_, *"_" Mixed_JJ Feelings_NN2 **"_" ,_, released_VVD last_MD year_NNT1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 finalist_NN1 in_II the_AT {_NULL NZ_NP }_NULL Music_NN1 Awards_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 sang_VVD her_APPGE own_DA compositions_NN2 (_( mostly_RR *'_" personal_JJ **'_" songs_NN2 )_) and_CC accompanied_VVD herself_PPX1 on_II acoustic_JJ guitar_NN1 and_CC later_JJR dulcimer_NN1 (_( apalachian_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ strummed_JJ flat_NN1 rather_II21 than_II22 the_AT hammered_JJ variety_NN1 )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL Bev_NP1 Young_NP1 and_CC Cath_NP1 Woodman_NP1 joined_VVD her_PPHO1 on_II vocal_JJ to_TO perform_VVI material_NN1 off_II her_APPGE album_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ sounded_VVD like_II late_JJ 60_MC221 's_MC222 early_RR 70_MC 's_VBZ American_JJ folk_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL John_NP1 Kirkpatrick_NP1 as_II the_AT final_JJ and_CC feature_NN1 artist_NN1 also_RR mixed_VVN traditional_JJ and_CC contemporary_JJ styles_NN2 in_II his_APPGE performance_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 charmed_VVD the_AT audience_NN with_IW his_APPGE warm_JJ sense_NN1 of_IO humour_NN1 ,_, chatting_VVG between_II songs_NN2 and_CC in_II the_AT lyrics_NN2 of_IO his_APPGE own_DA compositions_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 soon_RR impressed_VVD with_IW his_APPGE strong_JJ clear_JJ voice_NN1 and_CC varied_JJ use_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE instruments_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ could_VM produce_VVI a_AT1 swinging_JJ dance_NN1 melody_NN1 and_CC then_RT a_AT1 haunting_JJ atmospheric_JJ ballad_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL As_II a_AT1 solo_JJ performer_NN1 with_IW *'_" squeeze_NN1 boxes_NN2 **'_" he_PPHS1 did_VDD very_RG well_RR to_TO entertain_VVI a_AT1 diverse_JJ audience_NN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Finally_RR ,_, a_AT1 word_NN1 about_II the_AT sound_NN1 at_II the_AT Opera_NN1 House_NN1 ,_, not_XX a_AT1 moan_NN1 however_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT amplification_NN1 of_IO acoustic_JJ instruments_NN2 has_VHZ always_RR been_VBN a_AT1 problem_NN1 both_RR technically_RR and_CC aesthetically_RR as_CSA some_DD prefer_VV0 the_AT true_JJ acoustic_JJ qualities_NN2 of_IO their_APPGE sound_NN1 or_CC style_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL (_( Remember_VV0 Dylan_NP1 getting_VVG booed_VVN at_II the_AT Newport_NP1 Folk_NN1 Festival_NN1 1965_MC for_IF coming_VVG out_RP and_CC playing_VVG electric_JJ )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL However_RR ,_, in_II a_AT1 venue_NN1 as_RG large_JJ as_CSA the_AT Opera_NN1 House_NN1 amplification_NN1 is_VBZ essential_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 was_VBDZ handled_VVN proficiently_RR and_CC with_IW taste_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Both_DB2 artists_NN2 and_CC audience_NN were_VBDR pleased_JJ with_IW the_AT job_NN1 done_VDN by_II *"_" Sound_NN1 Source_NN1 **"_" ,_, not_XX only_RR at_II the_AT Opera_NN1 House_NN1 but_CCB throughout_II the_AT festival_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Overall_RR ,_, a_AT1 very_RG interesting_JJ and_CC exhaustive_JJ weekend_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 did_VDD n't_XX even_RR make_VVI it_PPH1 to_II the_AT *'_" allnighter_NN1 **'_" party_NN after_II the_AT show_NN1 and_CC I_PPIS1 've_VH0 heard_VVN that_CST they_PPHS2 are_VBR the_AT highlight_NN1 of_IO the_AT festival_NN1 !_! ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL John_NP1 Pilley_NP1 *>_NULL ^ *<_NULL *6_NULL METROROCK_NN1 *>_NULL ^ *<_NULL WENDYL_NN1 NISSEN_NN1 *>_NULL ^ *<_NULL *0_NULL Needed_VVD :_: A_AT1 Pair_NN Of_IO Tight_JJ Black_JJ Pants_NN2 And_CC A_AT1 Stage_NN1 To_II Strut_NP1 On_RP *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *2_NULL YOU_PPY 'LL_VM HAVE_VHI TO_TO *0_NULL excuse_VVI me_PPIO1 for_IF a_AT1 minute_NNT1 while_CS I_PPIS1 bash_VV0 my_APPGE head_NN1 against_II another_DD1 brick_NN1 wall_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL My_APPGE forehead_NN1 's_VBZ quite_RR a_AT1 peculiar_JJ shape_NN1 now_RT thanks_NN2 to_II this_DD1 column_NN1 and_CC your_APPGE voracious_JJ appetite_NN1 for_IF more_DAR news_NN1 of_IO Auckland_NP1 's_GE rock_NN1 scene_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL You_PPY can_VM pick_VVI me_PPIO1 out_RP in_II a_ZZ1 crowd_VV0 these_DD2 days_NNT2 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 'm_VBM the_AT one_PN1 with_IW the_AT Cro-Magnon_NP1 head_NN1 in_II the_AT corner_NN1 beaming_VVG at_RR21 all_RR22 in_II31 favour_II32 of_II33 local_JJ music_NN1 quotas_NN2 on_II radio_NN1 ,_, donating_VVG to_TO aid_VVI programmes_NN2 for_IF local_JJ bands_NN2 ,_, and_CC regretting_VVG every_AT1 moment_NN1 of_IO it_PPH1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL When_CS I_PPIS1 began_VVD this_DD1 column_NN1 six_MC months_NNT2 ago_RA I_PPIS1 seriously_RR believed_VVD *-_- ah_UH ,_, naive_JJ sweet_JJ thing_NN1 I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ *-_- that_CST such_DA idealistic_JJ actions_NN2 as_CSA supporting_JJ local_JJ music_NN1 would_VM eventually_RR help_VVI it_PPH1 to_TO flourish_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 am_VBM the_AT one_PN1 who_PNQS believes_VVZ ,_, when_CS suicide_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT only_JJ way_NN1 out_RP ,_, that_CST something_PN1 good_JJ will_VM happen_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 am_VBM the_AT one_PN1 who_PNQS sleeps_VVZ on_II Grafton_NP Bridge_NNL1 to_TO talk_VVI them_PPHO2 all_DB out_II21 of_II22 it_PPH1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL But_CCB no_AT more_RRR ,_, my_APPGE friends_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Jump_NP1 ,_, I_PPIS1 say_VV0 and_CC be_VBI done_VDN with_IW it_PPH1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX are_VBR some_DD columnists_NN2 around_II town_NN1 who_PNQS have_VH0 taken_VVN a_AT1 good_JJ look_NN1 at_II this_DD1 situation_NN1 ,_, as_CSA I_PPIS1 have_VH0 ,_, and_CC have_VH0 become_VVN seriously_RR afflicted_VVD by_II some_DD strange_JJ disease_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 've_VH0 taken_VVN to_II calling_VVG for_IF bands_NN2 to_TO throw_VVI down_RP their_APPGE guitars_NN2 as_CSA *"_" there_EX is_VBZ no_AT competition_NN1 *-_- there_EX is_VBZ only_JJ art_NN1 ._. **"_" ^ ^_NULL Then_RT they_PPHS2 virtually_RR throw_VV0 in_II the_AT quill_NN1 by_II admitting_VVG that_CST they_PPHS2 are_VBR unable_JJ to_TO be_VBI critical_JJ of_IO local_JJ bands_NN2 because_CS they_PPHS2 work_VV0 so_RG hard_JJ and_CC they_PPHS2 're_VBR all_DB so_RG lovely_JJ for_IF it_PPH1 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 234+TEXT+G47_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ always_RR exciting_JJ to_TO be_VBI in_II a_AT1 packed_JJ theatre_NN1 ,_, but_CCB there_EX is_VBZ something_PN1 special_JJ about_II sharing_VVG a_AT1 theatrical_JJ experience_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 thousand_NNO children_NN2 of_IO primary_JJ school_NN1 age_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Theatre_NP1 Royal_JJ in_II Christchurch_NP1 was_VBDZ the_AT venue_NN1 for_IF a_ZZ1 schools_NN2 performance_NN1 of_IO the_AT ballet_NN1 *1_NULL Terrible_JJ Tom_NP1 ,_, *0_NULL presented_VVN by_II artists_NN2 of_IO the_AT Royal_JJ New_NP Zealand_NP1 Ballet_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT work_NN1 was_VBDZ commissioned_VVN by_II the_AT company_NN1 two_MC years_NNT2 ago_RA from_II the_AT Christchurch_NP1 triumvirate_NN1 of_IO Gavin_NP1 Bishop_NP1 (_( storyline_NN1 )_) ,_, Russell_NP1 Kerr_NP1 (_( choreographer_NN1 )_) and_CC Philip_NP1 Norman_NP1 (_( composer_NN1 )_) ,_, and_CC has_VHZ already_RR been_VBN presented_VVN during_II two_MC national_JJ tours_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT story_NN1 concerns_VVZ the_AT mischievous_JJ and_CC thoroughly_RR unpleasant_JJ Tom_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS spends_VVZ most_DAT of_IO his_APPGE time_NNT1 hurting_VVG and_CC annoying_VVG his_APPGE fellow_JJ men_NN2 ,_, women_NN2 ,_, animals_NN2 and_CC birds_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Eventually_RR he_PPHS1 receives_VVZ his_APPGE come-uppance_NN1 when_RRQ he_PPHS1 becomes_VVZ imprisoned_VVN in_II a_AT1 bird_NN1 cage_NN1 at_II the_AT park_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT uncluttered_JJ stage_NN1 looked_VVD very_RG much_DA1 like_II a_AT1 story_NN1 book_NN1 come_VV0 to_II life_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT simple_JJ sets_NN2 and_CC props_NN2 had_VHD clear-cut_JJ lines_NN2 and_CC attractive_JJ colours_NN2 ,_, with_IW sufficient_JJ changes_NN2 to_TO maintain_VVI visual_JJ interest_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT costumes_NN2 were_VBDR designed_VVN by_II Gavin_NP1 Bishop_NP1 ,_, so_RG presumably_RR they_PPHS2 were_VBDR exactly_RR what_DDQ he_PPHS1 had_VHD in_II mind_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Not_XX all_DB of_IO them_PPHO2 worked_VVD well_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL Tom_NP1 's_GE outfit_NN1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 strange_JJ cross_NN1 between_II Batman_NP1 and_CC an_AT1 elf_NN1 ,_, and_CC related_VVN to_II nothing_PN1 that_CST I_PPIS1 would_VM imagine_VVI a_AT1 naughty_JJ boy_NN1 would_VM wear_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT femme-fatale_JJ cat_NN1 was_VBDZ not_XX easily_RR identifiable_JJ as_CSA such_DA ,_, and_CC the_AT mother_NN1 of_IO the_AT horrible_JJ twins_NN2 appeared_VVD not_XX to_TO belong_VVI to_II the_AT same_DA social_JJ class_NN1 as_CSA her_APPGE daughters_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Speaking_VVG of_IO class_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 suppose_VV0 that_CST my_APPGE main_JJ grizzle_NN1 about_II *1_NULL Terrible_JJ Tom_NP1 *0_NULL is_VBZ the_AT way_NN1 it_PPH1 oozes_VVZ English_JJ middle-class_JJ values_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT fact_NN1 that_CST this_DD1 did_VDD not_XX bother_VVI any_DD children_NN2 in_II the_AT audience_NN reflects_VVZ the_AT source_NN1 of_IO most_DAT of_IO their_APPGE reading_NN1 material_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Of_RR21 course_RR22 ,_, there_EX is_VBZ nothing_PN1 wrong_JJ in_II this_DD1 ,_, but_CCB it_PPH1 did_VDD strike_VVI me_PPIO1 as_CSA odd_JJ that_CST a_AT1 ballet_NN1 created_VVN by_II three_MC New_JJ Zealanders_NP1 (_( and_CC proudly_RR announced_VVN as_II such_DA from_II the_AT stage_NN1 )_) should_VM contain_VVI so_RG little_DA1 that_CST directly_RR related_VVN to_II the_AT country_NN1 in_II which_DDQ it_PPH1 was_VBDZ conceived_VVN and_CC presented_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Russell_NP1 Kerr_NP1 's_GE choreography_NN1 made_VVD sure_JJ that_CST the_AT story_NN1 was_VBDZ told_VVN with_IW the_AT utmost_JJ clarity_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 pity_NN1 that_CST there_EX was_VBDZ so_RG little_DA1 opportunity_NN1 for_IF pure_JJ dancing_NN1 because_CS the_AT emphasis_NN1 had_VHD to_TO be_VBI placed_VVN on_II musical_JJ mime_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL However_RR ,_, there_EX were_VBDR some_DD good_JJ characterisations_NN2 ;_; and_CC the_AT grandmother_NN1 wiggling_VVG her_APPGE bottom_NN1 as_CSA she_PPHS1 did_VDD the_AT washing_NN1 ,_, was_VBDZ greeted_VVN with_IW glee_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Despite_II my_APPGE earlier_JJR comments_NN2 ,_, I_PPIS1 thought_VVD that_CST Lady_NNB Nora_NP1 Nectar_NP1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 delightful_JJ balletic_JJ and_CC musical_JJ invention_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT taped_JJ (_( alas_UH !_! )_) music_NN1 was_VBDZ provided_VVN by_II a_AT1 group_NN of_IO six_MC instrumentalists_NN2 ;_; flute_NN1 doubling_VVG piccolo_NN1 ,_, clarinet_NN1 doubling_VVG alto_NN1 saxophone_NN1 ,_, violin_NN1 ,_, cello_NN1 ,_, percussion_NN1 and_CC piano_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Philip_NP1 Norman_NP1 's_GE original_JJ score_NN1 fitted_VVD the_AT action_NN1 on_II stage_NN1 like_II a_AT1 glove_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL His_APPGE skill_NN1 in_II obtaining_VVG such_DA a_AT1 variety_NN1 of_IO textures_NN2 from_II such_DA a_AT1 small_JJ ensemble_NN1 showed_VVD real_JJ flair_NN1 for_IF instrumentation_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT eclectic_JJ score_NN1 bore_NN1 traces_NN2 of_IO Walton_NP1 ,_, Gershwin_NP1 ,_, Bernstein_NP1 ,_, Prokofiev_NP1 ,_, Richard_NP1 Rodgers_NP1 and_CC Scott_NP1 Joplin_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL No_RR21 doubt_RR22 there_EX were_VBDR others_NN2 too_RR ,_, but_CCB they_PPHS2 were_VBDR skilfully_RR woven_VVN into_II original_JJ Norman_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 sensible_JJ decision_NN1 to_TO adopt_VVI recognisable_JJ musical_JJ idioms_NN2 into_II the_AT ballet_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Consequently_NP1 ,_, the_AT audience_NN was_VBDZ delighted_JJ with_IW the_AT Red_JJ Indian_JJ war_NN1 dance_NN1 ,_, the_AT Solid_JJ Gold_NN1 dance_NN1 routine_NN1 by_II the_AT dog_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT cat_NN1 's_VBZ slinky_JJ night_NNT1 **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL -club_JJ saxophone_NN1 interlude_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL On_II the_AT whole_NN1 ,_, the_AT hour-long_JJ ballet_NN1 works_VVZ well_RR ,_, but_CCB it_PPH1 would_VM benefit_VVI from_II some_DD pruning_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT storyline_NN1 moves_VVZ too_RG slowly_RR for_IF its_APPGE content_NN1 ,_, and_CC it_PPH1 is_VBZ too_RG long_JJ to_TO sustain_VVI the_AT interest_NN1 of_IO its_APPGE targeted_JJ age-group_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL Was_VBDZ it_PPH1 really_RR necessary_JJ to_TO spend_VVI ten_MC minutes_NNT2 introducing_VVG the_AT main_JJ characters_NN2 ?_? ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 sort_NN1 of_IO background_NN1 work_NN1 should_VM be_VBI done_VDN in_II the_AT classroom_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT partnership_NN1 of_IO Bishop/_FO Kerr/_FO Norman_JJ obviously_RR works_VVZ well_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL Perhaps_RR their_APPGE next_MD collaboration_NN1 could_VM have_VHI a_AT1 more_RGR distinctive_JJ New_NP Zealand_NP1 flavour_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Nigel_NP1 Keay_NP1 's_GE *1_NULL Variations_NN2 for_IF Piano_NN1 *0_NULL premiered_VVD by_II Terence_NP1 Dennis_NP1 at_II the_AT University_NN1 of_IO Otago_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Reviewed_VVN by_II Peter_NP1 \_NULL V._II Adams_NP1 ._. ^ *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Otago_NP1 University_NNL1 's_GE Music_NN1 Department_NNJ lunch_NN1 hour_NNT1 concerts_NN2 have_VH0 provided_VVN three_MC opportunities_NN2 this_DD1 year_NNT1 to_TO hear_VVI the_AT music_NN1 of_IO Mozart_NP1 Fellow_JJ Nigel_NP1 Keay_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Two_MC works_NN have_VH0 been_VBN premiered_VVN ,_, the_AT latest_JJT being_NN1 his_APPGE *1_NULL Variations_NN2 for_IF Piano_NN1 *0_NULL (_( performed_VVN on_II July_NPM1 7_MC )_) ,_, which_DDQ won_VVD the_AT 1985_MC Philip_NP1 Neill_NP1 Memorial_NN1 Prize_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL With_IW such_DA a_AT1 brilliant_JJ ,_, highly_RR charged_VVN and_CC sympathetic_JJ performance_NN1 given_VVN by_II Terence_NP1 Dennis_NP1 ,_, the_AT listener_NN1 was_VBDZ able_JK to_TO confront_VVI the_AT composer_NN1 's_GE musical_JJ intention_NN1 directly_RR and_CC confidently_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 was_VBDZ no_AT under-rehearsed_JJ student_NN1 performance_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL As_CSA with_IW the_AT *1_NULL Piano_NN1 Quartet_NN1 *0_NULL (_( 1986_MC )_) and_CC *1_NULL String_NN1 Quartet_NN1 *0_NULL (_( 1983_MC )_) ,_, which_DDQ were_VBDR both_RR performed_VVN in_II the_AT first_MD term_NN1 ,_, the_AT *1_NULL Variations_NN2 for_IF Piano_NN1 *0_NULL is_VBZ carefully_RR constructed_VVN with_IW crystalline_JJ clarity_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Indeed_RR ,_, the_AT rigorous_JJ logic_NN1 of_IO Keay_NP1 's_GE music_NN1 ,_, with_IW its_APPGE string_NN1 motivic_NN1 working_VVG in_II a_AT1 free_JJ atonal_JJ language_NN1 ,_, is_VBZ a_AT1 stylistic_JJ feature_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT influence_NN1 of_IO late_JJ Stravinsky_NP1 and_CC Schoenberg_NP1 is_VBZ there_RL ,_, but_CCB Keay_NP1 's_GE music_NN1 is_VBZ clearly_RR his_APPGE own_DA ._. ^ ^_NULL Its_APPGE busy_JJ surface_NN1 with_IW motor_NN1 rhythms_NN2 and_CC repetitions_NN2 ,_, its_APPGE patient_NN1 ,_, cumulative_JJ approach_NN1 to_II climaxes_NN2 and_CC its_APPGE consistent_JJ harmonic_JJ language_NN1 all_DB show_VV0 a_AT1 mature_JJ craftsman_NN1 who_PNQS knows_VVZ what_DDQ he_PPHS1 is_VBZ about_RP ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Keay_NP1 's_GE music_NN1 is_VBZ abstract_JJ and_CC absolute_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL That_REX21 is_REX22 ,_, there_EX are_VBR no_AT programmatic_JJ overtones_NN2 and_CC there_EX is_VBZ nothing_PN1 particularly_RR *"_" New_JJ Zealandish_NN **"_" about_II his_APPGE work_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Instead_RR ,_, his_APPGE music_NN1 continues_VVZ from_II the_AT contemporary_JJ European_JJ tradition_NN1 and_CC can_VM be_VBI appreciated_VVN in_II its_APPGE own_DA terms_NN2 without_IW any_DD external_JJ terms_NN2 of_IO reference_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT *1_NULL Variations_NN2 for_IF Piano_NN1 *0_NULL is_VBZ about_RG eleven_MC minutes_NNT2 in_II duration_NN1 and_CC has_VHZ a_AT1 clear_JJ arch_NN1 shape_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Beginning_NN1 and_CC ending_VVG with_IW a_AT1 stalking_JJ chordal_JJ sequence_NN1 in_II which_DDQ an_AT1 important_JJ rising-third_MD ,_, falling-tritone_NN1 is_VBZ outlined_VVN ,_, both_RR rhythmic_JJ freedom_NN1 and_CC dynamic_JJ and_CC registral_JJ space_NN1 are_VBR increased_VVN as_II the_AT work_NN1 reaches_VVZ a_AT1 central_JJ climax_NN1 of_IO great_JJ tension_NN1 and_CC pianistic_JJ virtuosity_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT coherence_NN1 ,_, immediacy_NN1 and_CC drama_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 work_NN1 make_VV0 it_PPH1 an_AT1 impressive_JJ addition_NN1 to_II the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 solo_NN1 piano_NN1 repertoire_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Anthony_NP1 Ritchie_NP1 's_GE *1_NULL Autumn_NNT1 Concerto_NN1 *0_NULL for_IF piano_NN1 and_CC orchestra_NNJ ,_, commissioned_VVN by_II The_AT Christchurch_NP1 Branch_NN1 of_IO the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 Institute_NNJ of_IO Registered_JJ Music_NN1 Teachers_NN2 for_IF use_NN1 in_II the_AT 1986_MC Competitions_NN2 Society_NNJ Festival_NN1 ,_, Christchurch_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Reviewed_VVN by_II the_AT adjudicator_NN1 of_IO the_AT competition_NN1 ,_, Mark_NP1 Secker_NP1 ._. ^ *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL One_MC1 of_IO the_AT least_RGT appealing_JJ prospects_NN2 for_IF an_AT1 adjudicator_NN1 is_VBZ listening_VVG to_II those_DD2 sessions_NNT2 where_RRQ there_EX seems_VVZ to_TO be_VBI an_AT1 endless_JJ loop_NN1 of_IO the_AT same_DA *"_" test_NN1 **"_" piece_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL So_RR it_PPH1 is_VBZ a_AT1 credit_NN1 to_II Anthony_NP1 Ritchie_NP1 that_CST after_II ten_MC hearings_NN2 of_IO his_APPGE *1_NULL Autumn_NNT1 Concerto_NN1 *0_NULL for_IF piano_NN1 and_CC orchestra_NNJ ,_, I_PPIS1 could_VM still_RR turn_VVI back_RP with_IW interest_NN1 to_II page_NN1 one_MC1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT work_NN1 was_VBDZ enterprisingly_RR commissioned_VVN by_II the_AT Christchurch_NP1 Branch_NN1 of_IO the_AT {_NULL NZ_NP }_NULL Institute_NNJ of_IO Registered_JJ Music_NN1 Teachers_NN2 for_IF use_NN1 in_II the_AT Thora_NP1 and_CC Greeba_NP1 Lewin_NP1 Memorial_NN1 Junior_JJ Piano_NN1 Concerto_NN1 class_NN1 at_II the_AT 1986_MC Competitions_NN2 Society_NNJ Festival_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 has_VHZ been_VBN published_VVN as_II an_AT1 attractive_JJ two-piano_NN1 score_NN1 (_( in_II meticulous_JJ manuscript_NN1 )_) by_II the_AT Registered_JJ Teachers_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ to_II this_DD1 talented_JJ composer_NN1 's_VBZ further_RRR credit_VV0 that_DD1 as_RG many_DA2 as_CSA seven_MC young_JJ pianists_NN2 took_VVD up_RP the_AT challenge_NN1 *-_- four_MC of_IO them_PPHO2 repeating_VVG their_APPGE versions_NN2 with_IW the_AT Christchurch_NP1 Youth_NN Orchestra_NNJ in_II the_AT final_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT ten-minute_JJ piece_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 modern-day_JJ departure_NN1 from_II the_AT nineteenth_MD century_NNT1 concerto_NN1 format_NN1 in_II that_DD1 it_PPH1 begins_VVZ with_IW a_AT1 slow_JJ reflective_JJ movement_NN1 then_RT leads_VVZ *1_NULL \_NULL attacca_NN1 *0_NULL into_II a_AT1 spirited_JJ second_MD movement_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL After_CS some_DD initial_JJ introspection_NN1 all_DB the_AT ingredients_NN2 one_PN1 expects_VVZ from_II a_AT1 concerto_NN1 are_VBR there_RL *-_- cadenzas_NN2 ,_, precipitous_JJ bravura_NN1 passages_NN2 ,_, exciting_JJ *1_NULL \_NULL tutti_NN2 *0_NULL climaxes_VVZ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Many_DA2 demands_NN2 are_VBR made_VVN of_IO the_AT pianist_NN1 :_: there_EX are_VBR odd-numbered_JJ groups_NN2 of_IO notes_NN2 to_TO superimpose_VVI upon_II the_AT beat_NN1 (_( a_ZZ1 sort_NN1 of_IO written-out_JJ rubato_NN1 which_DDQ requires_VVZ sensitive_JJ timing_NN1 )_) ;_; the_AT groups_NN2 of_IO grace_NN1 notes_NN2 are_VBR taxing_VVG to_TO project_VVI ;_; balance_NN1 is_VBZ sometimes_RT difficult_JJ ;_; very_RG rapid_JJ dynamic_JJ changes_NN2 call_VV0 for_IF a_AT1 disciplined_JJ crescendo_NN1 and_CC diminuendo_NN1 ;_; playful_JJ cross_NN1 rhythms_NN2 and_CC canonic_JJ effects_NN2 test_VV0 rhythmic_JJ control_NN1 and_CC part_NN1 playing_VVG ;_; a_AT1 wide_JJ range_NN1 of_IO tonal_JJ colours_NN2 is_VBZ called_VVN for_IF (_( {_NULL e.g._REX }_NULL *1_NULL {_NULL grazioso_NN1 ,_, impetuoso_NN1 }_NULL *0_NULL and_CC *1_NULL \_NULL misterioso_NN1 *0_NULL within_II a_AT1 thirty-bar_JJ period_NN1 )_) ,_, not_XX to_TO mention_VVI some_DD of_IO the_AT tricky_JJ chromaticism_NN1 in_II the_AT notes_NN2 themselves_PPX2 !_! ^ |_NULL ^_NULL While_CS all_DB of_IO which_DDQ makes_VVZ good_JJ criteria_NN2 for_IF competition_NN1 judging_VVG ,_, this_DD1 is_VBZ by_RR31 no_RR32 means_RR33 an_AT1 academic_JJ score_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Anthony_NP1 Ritchie_NP1 has_VHZ come_VVN up_RP with_IW a_AT1 piece_NN1 that_CST is_VBZ fresh_JJ and_CC original_JJ without_IW resorting_VVG to_II the_AT bizarre_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Apart_II21 from_II22 the_AT use_NN1 of_IO dual_JJ modality_NN1 there_EX is_VBZ little_DA1 evidence_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 determination_NN1 to_TO follow_VVI established_JJ 20th_MD century_NNT1 techniques_NN2 of_IO composition_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 seems_VVZ to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 style_NN1 which_DDQ hangs_VVZ together_RL by_II instinct_NN1 rather_II21 than_II22 ,_, for_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, any_DD master-strokes_NN2 of_IO thematic_JJ cross-reference_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL To_II my_APPGE ears_NN2 ,_, the_AT most_RGT colourful_JJ performance_NN1 was_VBDZ by_II Claire_NP1 McKee_NP1 of_IO Christchurch_NP1 with_IW Mark_NP1 Menzies_NP1 as_II runner-up_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 hope_VV0 the_AT many_DA2 hours_NNT2 that_CST were_VBDR surely_RR spent_VVN copying_VVG out_RP the_AT orchestral_JJ parts_NN2 will_VM be_VBI rewarded_VVN with_IW continued_JJ performances_NN2 by_II youthful_JJ amateurs_NN2 and_CC professionals_NN2 alike_RR ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL new_JJ music_NN1 1_MC1 ,_, recent_JJ work_NN1 by_II young_JJ composers_NN2 at_II the_AT Auckland_NP City_NNL1 Art_NP1 Gallery_NNL1 on_II 4_MC May_NPM1 1986_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL Reviewed_VVN by_II Richard_NP1 Bolley_NP1 ._. ^ *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL From_II the_AT evidence_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 concert_NN1 ,_, there_RL have_VH0 been_VBN a_DD221 few_DD222 searing_VVG melodies_NN2 welling_VVG up_RP from_II the_AT University_NN1 of_IO Auckland_NP1 School_NNL1 of_IO Music_NN1 recently_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL Yet_RR this_DD1 concert_NN1 gave_VVD us_PPIO2 much_RR sprightly_JJ music_NN1 too_RR ,_, and_CC it_PPH1 was_VBDZ refreshing_JJ to_TO find_VVI the_AT Wellesley_NP1 Auditorium_NP1 at_II the_AT Auckland_NP City_NNL1 Art_NP1 Gallery_NNL1 comfortably_RR full_JJ on_II a_AT1 Sunday_NPD1 afternoon_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT audience_NN may_VM have_VHI been_VBN drawn_VVN by_II the_AT pleasing_JJ ,_, unusual_JJ poster/_FO programme_NN1 designed_VVN by_II Eve_NP1 de_NP1 Castro-Robinson_NP1 ,_, and_CC the_AT promise_NN1 of_IO diverse_JJ combinations_NN2 of_IO instruments_NN2 in_II one_MC1 programme_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Hearing_VVG ten_MC recent_JJ pieces_NN2 in_II one_MC1 go_NN1 ,_, all_DB for_IF the_AT first_MD time_NNT1 ,_, I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ struck_VVN by_II the_AT difficulties_NN2 contemporary_JJ composers_NN2 face_VV0 ._. ^ ^_NULL Upstairs_RL in_II the_AT Gallery_NP1 itself_PPX1 you_PPY can_VM visit_VVI and_CC revisit_VVI a_AT1 dark_JJ and_CC demanding_JJ work_NN1 by_II Greer_NP1 Twiss_NP1 or_CC an_AT1 intriguing_NN1 room_NN1 by_II Terry_NP1 Stringer_NP1 ,_, should_VM they_PPHS2 puzzle_VVI on_II first_MD acquaintance_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Downstairs_RL in_II the_AT auditorium_NN1 ,_, you_PPY may_VM have_VHI the_AT opportunity_NN1 of_IO hearing_VVG each_DD1 piece_NN1 of_IO new_JJ music_NN1 live_VV0 once_RR only_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL Reminded_JJ of_IO this_DD1 ,_, I_PPIS1 tried_VVD to_TO be_VBI as_RG attentive_JJ as_CSA possible_JJ ,_, yet_RR know_VV0 from_II the_AT start_NN1 I_PPIS1 would_VM be_VBI certain_JJ to_TO miss_VVI equally_RR as_RG much_DA1 as_CSA I_PPIS1 might_VM perceive_VVI ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL As_II a_AT1 listener_NN1 commenting_VVG on_II ten_MC new_JJ works_NN ,_, I_PPIS1 experience_VV0 difficulties_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Rarely_NP1 does_VDZ a_AT1 new_JJ piece_NN1 strike_VV0 an_AT1 immediate_JJ and_CC clear_JJ resonance_NN1 on_II first_MD hearing_NN1 ;_; rarely_RR are_VBR all_DB my_APPGE inner_JJ voices_NN2 unanimous_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 need_VV0 to_TO ponder_VVI ,_, question_NN1 ,_, listen_VV0 again_RT ,_, and_CC change_VV0 my_APPGE mind_NN1 perhaps_RR ..._... ^ |_NULL ^_NULL However_RR ,_, I_PPIS1 do_VD0 sometimes_RT have_VHI a_AT1 sense_NN1 of_IO fruition_NN1 after_II a_AT1 performance_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 new_JJ piece_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Sometimes_RT it_PPH1 is_VBZ an_AT1 almost_RR tangible_JJ quality_NN1 in_II the_AT audience_NN as_II a_AT1 whole_NN1 ;_; sometimes_RT it_PPH1 is_VBZ very_RG personal_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 sculptural_JJ parallel_NN1 :_: it_PPH1 is_VBZ like_II a_AT1 sphere_NN1 ;_; a_AT1 sense_NN1 of_IO satisfaction_NN1 ,_, complete_JJ unto_II itself_PPX1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 experienced_VVD something_PN1 of_IO this_DD1 after_II two_MC pieces_NN2 in_II this_DD1 programme_NN1 and_CC glimpsed_VVD it_PPH1 in_II another_DD1 ._. ^ ^_NULL During_II the_AT two_MC pieces_NN2 I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ carried_VVN from_II each_DD1 musical_JJ event_NN1 to_II the_AT next_MD ,_, I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ guided_VVN along_RP by_II the_AT music_NN1 and_CC could_VM perceive_VVI a_AT1 thread_NN1 of_IO logic_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 'm_VBM sorry_JJ this_DD1 did_VDD not_XX occur_VVI throughout_II the_AT concert_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Perhaps_RR my_APPGE concentration_NN1 waned_VVD ,_, or_CC the_AT composer_NN1 was_VBDZ not_XX quite_RG sure_JJ of_IO her_PPHO1 or_CC his_APPGE direction_NN1 ,_, or_CC the_AT performers_NN2 had_VHD not_XX quite_RG come_VVN to_II terms_NN2 with_IW the_AT music_NN1 ?_? ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Overall_RR ,_, this_DD1 was_VBDZ an_AT1 adventurous_JJ programme_NN1 and_CC credit_NN1 should_VM be_VBI accorded_VVN to_II the_AT organisers_NN2 (_( Brigid_NP1 Bisley_NP1 ,_, Eve_NP1 de_NP1 Castro-Robinson_NP1 ,_, Dorothy_NP1 Ker_NP1 )_) for_IF branching_VVG out_RP in_II this_DD1 way_NN1 ,_, and_CC for_IF gathering_VVG together_RL so_RG many_DA2 colleagues_NN2 from_II the_AT School_NN1 of_IO Music_NN1 to_TO present_VVI the_AT concert_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *1_NULL lake_NN1 light_JJ sky_NN1 she_PPHS1 *0_NULL (_( Brigid_NP1 Bisley_NP1 )_) carried_VVD me_PPIO1 from_II first_MD note_NN1 to_TO last_VVI simply_RR by_II the_AT concentrated_JJ intensity_NN1 of_IO its_APPGE opening_NN1 ,_, seeming_VVG to_TO send_VVI ripples_NN2 right_RR down_RP the_AT piece_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 stark_JJ cor_UH anglais_NN1 accompanied_VVD by_II two_MC flutes_NN2 lingers_VVZ in_II my_APPGE memory_NN1 ,_, as_CSA do_VD0 reverberations_NN2 of_IO the_AT opening_NN1 ,_, sudden_JJ waves_NN2 of_IO light_NN1 and_CC colour_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Certainly_RR both_RR buoyancy_NN1 and_CC melancholy_NN1 were_VBDR there_RL as_II the_AT composer_NN1 intended_VVD ,_, and_CC a_AT1 sense_NN1 of_IO incompletion_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Indeed_RR ,_, at_II the_AT close_JJ I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ left_VVN with_IW a_AT1 hankering_NN1 for_IF more_DAR music_NN1 ,_, as_CS21 if_CS22 the_AT piece_NN1 was_VBDZ all_DB too_RG brief_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 was_VBDZ tantalizing_VVG ,_, but_CCB I_PPIS1 am_VBM unsure_JJ if_CSW it_PPH1 was_VBDZ intended_VVN quite_RG this_DD1 way_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT players_NN2 ,_, evidently_RR drawn_VVN to_II the_AT atmosphere_NN1 and_CC personality_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 piece_NN1 ,_, produced_VVD a_AT1 performance_NN1 of_IO nocturnal_JJ ,_, Barto_NP1 *?_NULL 2kian_FO drama_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL By_II comparison_NN1 ,_, Warwick_NP1 Blair_NP1 's_GE *1_NULL Quiet_JJ Piece_NN1 *0_NULL lacked_VVD urgency_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 found_VVD it_PPH1 hard_RR to_TO tell_VVI whether_CSW this_DD1 essay_NN1 in_II infra_NN1 piano-playing_NN1 was_VBDZ chronometrically_RR notated_VVN or_CC not_XX ,_, so_RG minimal_JJ were_VBDR sound_JJ and_CC gesture_NN1 and_CC ,_, in_II inverse_JJ proportion_NN1 perhaps_RR ,_, so_RG seemingly_RR significant_JJ the_AT atmosphere_NN1 of_IO hushed_JJ expectancy_NN1 in_II the_AT audience_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 had_VHD the_AT impression_NN1 their_APPGE expectation_NN1 was_VBDZ not_XX fulfilled_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL More_DAR theatre_NN1 than_CSN music_NN1 in_II this_DD1 performance_NN1 ?_? ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Worthy_NP1 of_IO applause_NN1 in_II *1_NULL Three_MC Scenes_NN2 from_II Vaudeville_NP1 *0_NULL (_( Elissa_NP1 Milne_NP1 )_) was_VBDZ the_AT composer_NN1 's_VBZ intention_NN1 to_TO meld_VVI approachable_JJ melody_NN1 with_IW compositional_JJ exploration_NN1 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 235+TEXT+G48_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL When_CS Donaldson_NP1 moves_VVZ from_II visual_JJ links_NN2 to_II verbal_JJ links_NN2 ,_, the_AT effect_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 trifle_NN1 arch_NN1 *-_- as_CSA in_II the_AT ironical_JJ use_NN1 of_IO the_AT country_NN1 yodeller_NN1 's_GE sentimental_JJ song_NN1 about_II *'_" Mother_NN1 ,_, Pal_NN1 and_CC Sweetheart_NN1 **'_" at_II the_AT point_NN1 when_RRQ Al_NP1 's_GE *'_" pal_NN1 **'_" is_VBZ set_VVN to_TO move_VVI in_RP on_II his_APPGE wife_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Or_CC the_AT further_JJR irony_NN1 of_IO Al_NP1 reciting_VVG to_II Georgie_NP1 the_AT bed-time_JJ jingle_NN1 about_II seeing_VVG *'_" the_AT devil_NN1 with_IW your_APPGE wife_NN1 **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB it_PPH1 is_VBZ a_AT1 tribute_NN1 to_II the_AT sheer_JJ momentum_NN1 of_IO the_AT narrative_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT relative_JJ absence_NN1 of_IO self-consciously_RR obtrusive_JJ techniques_NN2 ,_, that_CST we_PPIS2 notice_VV0 certain_JJ improbabilities_NN2 only_RR in_II afterthought_NN1 *-_- like_II the_AT ease_NN1 with_IW which_DDQ Jacqui_NP1 walks_VVZ into_II a_AT1 local_JJ job_NN1 after_II leaving_VVG Al_NP1 ;_; or_CC Ray_NP1 's_GE imprudence_NN1 in_II so_RG blatantly_RR advertising_VVG his_APPGE visits_NN2 to_II Jacqui_NP1 's_GE house_NN1 ;_; or_CC the_AT uncharacteristic_JJ panic_NN1 with_IW which_DDQ Al_NP1 greets_VVZ Georgie_NP1 's_GE fever_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *1_NULL Smash_NN1 Palace_NNL1 *0_NULL tells_VVZ its_APPGE story_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 confidence_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 unity_NN1 of_IO style_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 sense_NN1 of_IO pace_NN1 unmatched_JJ in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 films_NN2 until_CS Ian_NP1 Mune_NP1 's_GE *1_NULL Came_VVD a_AT1 Hot_JJ Friday_NPD1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL All_DB of_IO which_DDQ helps_VVZ to_TO explain_VVI why_RRQ it_PPH1 is_VBZ such_DA a_AT1 disturbing_JJ and_CC dangerous_JJ film_NN1 *-_- the_AT brilliant_JJ cinematic_JJ exposition_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 delinquent_JJ mentality_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II depicting_VVG a_AT1 marital_JJ breakdown_NN1 ,_, *1_NULL Smash_NN1 Palace_NNL1 *0_NULL sometimes_RT looks_VVZ the_AT model_NN1 of_IO even-handedness_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL When_CS Al_NP1 and_CC Jacqui_NP1 argue_VV0 ,_, in_II the_AT tow-truck_NN1 ,_, for_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, the_AT camera_NN1 first_MD sits_VVZ at_II Al_NP1 's_GE elbow_NN1 as_CSA Jacqui_NP1 complains_VVZ ,_, then_RT sits_VVZ at_II Jacqui_NP1 's_GE elbow_NN1 as_CSA she_PPHS1 weeps_VVZ ,_, distributing_VVG audience_NN identification_NN1 evenly_RR between_II them_PPHO2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ true_JJ ,_, too_RR ,_, that_CST the_AT film_NN1 's_VBZ outlook_NN1 is_VBZ broad_JJ enough_RR to_TO comprehend_VVI more_DAR people_NN affected_VVN by_II the_AT separation_NN1 than_CSN just_RR one_MC1 man_NN1 and_CC one_MC1 woman_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Even_RR a_AT1 comparatively_RR minor_JJ figure_NN1 like_II *'_" Tiny_JJ **'_" (_( Desmond_NP1 Kelly_NP1 )_) ,_, Al_NP1 's_GE ageing_JJ assistant_JJ mechanic_JJ ,_, suggests_VVZ the_AT helplessness_NN1 and_CC baffled_VVD goodwill_VV0 a_AT1 sympathetic_JJ friend_NN1 feels_VVZ as_CSA he_PPHS1 watches_VVZ a_AT1 couple_NN1 break_VVI up_RP ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *1_NULL Smash_NN1 Palace_NNL1 *0_NULL does_VDZ not_XX dodge_VVI the_AT issue_NN1 of_IO the_AT most_RGT helpless_JJ sufferer_NN1 in_II this_DD1 situation_NN1 *-_- the_AT child_NN1 Georgie_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Her_APPGE fear_NN1 and_CC powerlessness_NN1 are_VBR dramatized_VVN in_II such_DA images_NN2 as_CSA her_APPGE silent_JJ ,_, pained_JJ response_NN1 to_II Al_NP1 's_GE fierce_JJ outburst_NN1 when_RRQ she_PPHS1 forgets_VVZ to_TO bring_VVI a_AT1 tent_NN1 on_II a_AT1 camping_NN1 trip_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Her_APPGE pathetic_JJ attempts_NN2 to_TO insulate_VVI herself_PPX1 from_II a_AT1 reality_NN1 she_PPHS1 can_VM not_XX change_VVI (_( distracting_VVG herself_PPX1 by_II playing_VVG with_IW a_AT1 torch_NN1 as_CSA her_APPGE parents_NN2 rage_VV0 in_II the_AT next_MD room_NN1 )_) put_VVD one_PN1 in_II mind_NN1 of_IO Jimmy_NP1 Sullivan_NP1 's_GE *'_" protection_NN1 tricks_VVZ **'_" in_II Ian_NP Cross_NNL1 's_GE *1_NULL The_AT God_NP1 Boy_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL But_CCB Georgie_NP1 is_VBZ not_XX a_AT1 figure_NN1 of_IO pathos_NN1 alone_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Greer_NP1 Robson_NP1 's_GE extraordinary_JJ performance_NN1 contributes_VVZ to_II the_AT believable_JJ ,_, rounded_JJ quality_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 character_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB only_RR someone_PN1 who_PNQS was_VBDZ really_RR acquainted_VVN with_IW children_NN2 could_VM have_VHI fashioned_VVN a_AT1 screenplay_NN1 that_CST takes_VVZ account_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 child_NN1 's_GE instinctive_JJ exhibitionism_NN1 and_CC craving_VVG for_IF attention_NN1 ;_; or_CC her_APPGE innocent_JJ sense_NN1 of_IO self-importance_NN1 (_( Georgie_NP1 's_GE *'_" ^_NULL Will_NN1 I_PPIS1 get_VVI into_II trouble_NN1 for_IF staying_VVG away_II21 from_II22 school_NN1 ?_? ^ **'_" as_CSA she_PPHS1 is_VBZ being_VBG kidnapped_VVN )_) ;_; or_CC her_APPGE cheerfully_RR coarse_JJ humour_NN1 ,_, ready_JJ responses_NN2 to_II affection_NN1 and_CC sudden_JJ bursts_NN2 of_IO joy_NN1 over_II simple_JJ things_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Her_APPGE situation_NN1 is_VBZ more_RGR affecting_JJ because_CS she_PPHS1 is_VBZ not_XX one-dimensional_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL But_CCB is_VBZ *1_NULL Smash_NN1 Palace_NNL1 ,_, *0_NULL as_II a_AT1 whole_NN1 ,_, really_RR as_RG objective_JJ and_CC *'_" neutral_JJ **'_" as_CSA such_DA characterizations_NN2 suggest_VV0 ?_? ^ ^_NULL With_IW all_DB qualifications_NN2 necessary_JJ for_IF a_AT1 complex_JJ work_NN1 of_IO art_NN1 ,_, the_AT answer_NN1 must_VM be_VBI no_UH ._. ^ ^_NULL *1_NULL Smash_NN1 Palace_NNL1 *0_NULL ultimately_RR presents_VVZ for_IF our_APPGE endorsement_NN1 a_AT1 harsh_JJ masculine_JJ view_NN1 of_IO sexual_JJ conflict_NN1 ,_, and_CC in_II the_AT process_NN1 reinforces_VVZ much_DA1 of_IO the_AT mythology_NN1 of_IO machismo_NN1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Jacqui_NP1 's_GE erstwhile_JJ attraction_NN1 to_II Al_NP1 is_VBZ made_VVN perfectly_RR credible_JJ to_II us_PPIO2 (_( the_AT exotic_JJ appeal_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 racing_JJ driver_NN1 from_II the_AT other_JJ side_NN1 of_IO the_AT world_NN1 )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL So_RR is_VBZ her_APPGE present_JJ frustration_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB in_II turning_VVG to_II Ray_NP1 Foley_NP1 for_IF solace_NN1 ,_, she_PPHS1 is_VBZ turning_VVG to_II a_AT1 pleasant_JJ mediocrity_NN1 who_PNQS may_VM have_VHI the_AT passive_JJ virtue_NN1 of_IO being_VBG a_AT1 good_JJ listener_NN1 (_( *'_" ^_NULL I_PPIS1 think_VV0 I_ZZ1 could_VM talk_VVI to_II you_PPY **'_" ,_, says_VVZ Jacqui_NP1 )_) ,_, but_CCB who_PNQS himself_PPX1 initiates_VVZ no_AT action_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ noticeably_RR Jacqui_NP1 who_PNQS makes_VVZ every_AT1 first_MD move_NN1 in_II their_APPGE affair_NN1 ,_, from_II phoning_VVG Ray_NP1 for_IF a_AT1 chat_NN1 ,_, to_II removing_VVG her_APPGE knickers_NN2 invitingly_RR as_CSA he_PPHS1 is_VBZ about_RPK to_TO leave_VVI her_PPHO1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Ray_NP1 's_GE one_MC1 momentary_JJ act_NN1 of_IO courage_NN1 (_( running_VVG after_II Al_NP1 's_GE speeding_JJ tow-truck_NN1 as_CSA Al_NP1 kidnaps_VVZ Georgie_NP1 )_) proves_VVZ to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 futile_JJ gesture_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Ray_NP1 appeals_VVZ to_II Jacqui_NP1 simply_RR because_CS he_PPHS1 happens_VVZ to_TO be_VBI there_RL ._. ^ ^_NULL Al_NP1 's_GE response_NN1 to_II Ray_NP1 gives_VVZ the_AT film_NN1 its_APPGE peculiarly_RR masculine_JJ morality_NN1 just_RR as_RG much_DA1 as_CSA Al_NP1 's_GE response_NN1 to_II his_APPGE wife_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL No_RGQV31 matter_RGQV32 how_RGQV33 sympathetically_RR the_AT other_JJ characters_NN2 are_VBR presented_VVN ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ Al_NP1 who_PNQS is_VBZ on_II screen_NN1 longest_RRT ,_, Al_NP1 whose_DDQGE feelings_NN2 are_VBR most_RGT often_RR dramatized_VVN ,_, and_CC Al_NP1 whose_DDQGE outlook_NN1 we_PPIS2 are_VBR implicitly_RR asked_VVN to_TO share_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC revenge_NN1 upon_II Ray_NP1 emerges_VVZ in_II Al_NP1 's_GE mind_NN1 as_II a_AT1 priority_NN1 every_AT1 bit_NN1 as_RG high_JJ as_CSA regaining_VVG his_APPGE wife_NN1 and_CC daughter_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ nothing_PN1 complex_JJ or_CC contradictory_JJ in_II Al_NP1 's_GE character_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL His_APPGE mechanical_JJ ability_NN1 with_IW cars_NN2 and_CC rifles_NN2 is_VBZ easily_RR established_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL So_RR is_VBZ his_APPGE inarticulateness_NN1 (_( crushing_VVG a_AT1 beer_NN1 can_VM and_CC swearing_VVG in_II his_APPGE first_MD argument_NN1 with_IW Jacqui_NP1 )_) and_CC his_APPGE distaste_NN1 for_IF European_JJ refinement_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Al_NP1 is_VBZ not_XX above_II sarcastic_JJ mimicry_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE wife_NN1 's_GE French_JJ accent_NN1 ,_, and_CC when_RRQ Ray_NP1 suggests_VVZ he_PPHS1 return_NN1 with_IW Jacqui_NP1 to_II Europe_NP1 for_IF a_AT1 while_NNT1 he_PPHS1 replies_VVZ ,_, *'_" ^_NULL Back_RP to_II Froggy-land_NN1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL No_AT way_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ only_RR there_RL for_IF the_AT racing_NN1 **'_" ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Not_XX that_CST he_PPHS1 is_VBZ the_AT stereotype_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 monosyllabic_JJ lowbrow_NN1 slob_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Indeed_RR ,_, as_CSA played_VVN by_II Bruno_NP1 Lawrence_NP1 ,_, there_EX is_VBZ much_RR that_DD1 is_VBZ immensely_RR attractive_JJ about_II Al_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL His_APPGE genuine_JJ affection_NN1 for_IF Georgie_NP1 is_VBZ never_RR in_II doubt_NN1 and_CC it_PPH1 is_VBZ returned_VVN by_II Georgie_NP1 in_II many_DA2 brighter_JJR episodes_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL One_MC1 of_IO Al_NP1 's_GE distinctive_JJ qualities_NN2 is_VBZ his_APPGE ready_JJ resourcefulness_NN1 *-_- seen_VVN in_II the_AT delightful_JJ sequence_NN1 where_RRQ he_PPHS1 hastily_RR devises_VVZ a_AT1 *'_" party_NN **'_" for_IF Georgie_NP1 in_II the_AT bush_NN1 (_( newspaper_NN1 party-hats_NN2 \_NULL etc._RA )_) ,_, when_CS she_PPHS1 unexpectedly_RR announces_VVZ it_PPH1 is_VBZ her_APPGE birthday_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Just_RR as_RG distinctive_JJ is_VBZ his_APPGE sense_NN1 of_IO humour_NN1 ,_, but_CCB it_PPH1 often_RR expresses_VVZ itself_PPX1 triumphantly_RR ,_, as_II a_AT1 means_NN of_IO asserting_VVG his_APPGE superiority_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 appears_VVZ in_II his_APPGE two_MC visits_NN2 to_II Jacqui_NP1 's_GE new_JJ home_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ painfully_RR funny_JJ when_RRQ Al_NP1 strips_VVZ off_RP his_APPGE clothes_NN2 and_CC stuffs_VVZ them_PPHO2 through_II the_AT letter-slot_NN1 ,_, to_TO stand_VVI naked_JJ on_II Jacqui_NP1 's_GE porch_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ even_RR a_AT1 kind_NN1 of_IO brutal_JJ wit_NN1 to_II his_APPGE berserk_NN1 action_NN1 in_II using_VVG his_APPGE tow-truck_NN1 to_TO wrench_VVI away_RP Jacqui_NP1 's_GE front_JJ door_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB the_AT former_DA action_NN1 proclaims_VVZ his_APPGE independence_NN1 and_CC his_APPGE contempt_NN1 for_IF Ray_NP1 (_( *'_" ^_NULL Take_VV0 these_DD2 nice_JJ tight_JJ poncey_NN1 jeans_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_MC1 hope_NN1 they_PPHS2 cut_VV0 your_APPGE balls_NN2 off_RP ,_, if_CS you_PPY 've_VH0 got_VVN any_DD **'_" )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT latter_DA *-_- rendered_VVD as_II a_AT1 spectacular_JJ slow-motion_JJ splintering_NN1 of_IO glass_NN1 and_CC wood_NN1 *-_- shows_VVZ he_PPHS1 recognizes_VVZ no_AT legal_JJ barriers_NN2 to_II his_APPGE possession_NN1 of_IO Georgie_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL With_IW this_DD1 original_JJ piece_NN1 of_IO vandalism_NN1 ,_, the_AT male_JJ animal_NN1 makes_VVZ himself_PPX1 a_AT1 delinquent_NN1 ,_, now_RT openly_RR at_II odds_NN2 with_IW the_AT law_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Al_NP1 is_VBZ abashed_VVN and_CC subdued_JJ when_CS the_AT law_NN1 restrains_VVZ him_PPHO1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Seated_JJ in_II the_AT police-cell_NN1 he_PPHS1 thinks_VVZ back_RP to_II two_MC strangely_RR tender_JJ episodes_NN2 (_( seen_VVN in_II flashback_NN1 )_) from_II early_JJ in_II his_APPGE marriage_NN1 *-_- at_II his_APPGE father_NN1 's_VBZ funeral_NN1 helping_VVG his_APPGE pregnant_JJ wife_NN1 to_TO urinate_VVI in_II privacy_NN1 ;_; and_CC watching_VVG Georgie_NP1 's_GE birth_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL As_CSA with_IW the_AT unsentimental_JJ characterization_NN1 of_IO Georgie_NP1 ,_, these_DD2 two_MC memories_NN2 have_VH0 a_AT1 ring_NN1 of_IO authenticity_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Al_NP1 is_VBZ reflecting_VVG on_II what_DDQ he_PPHS1 has_VHZ *1_NULL shared_VVN *0_NULL with_IW Jacqui_NP1 rather_II21 than_II22 what_DDQ he_PPHS1 has_VHZ *1_NULL imposed_VVN *0_NULL upon_II her_PPHO1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Momentarily_NP1 ,_, it_PPH1 may_VM even_RR appear_VVI that_CST the_AT film_NN1 is_VBZ advocating_VVG locking_VVG up_RP the_AT likes_NN2 of_IO Al_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB such_DA is_VBZ not_XX the_AT case_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *1_NULL Smash_NN1 Palace_NNL1 *0_NULL is_VBZ cunningly_RR contrived_VVN to_TO make_VVI us_PPIO2 take_NN1 Al_NP1 's_GE part_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT vicious_JJ younger_JJR cop_NN1 Frank_NP1 (_( Sean_NP1 Duffy_NP1 )_) *-_- one_MC1 of_IO those_DD2 unlikelihoods_NN2 we_PPIS2 overlook_VV0 in_II the_AT narrative_NN1 's_GE onward_JJ rush_NN1 *-_- seems_VVZ to_TO have_VHI been_VBN created_VVN specifically_RR to_TO increase_VVI sympathy_NN1 for_IF Al_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Frank_NP1 's_GE sadism_NN1 (_( flattening_VVG a_AT1 possum_NN1 with_IW obvious_JJ enjoyment_NN1 )_) and_CC brutality_NN1 (_( improbably_RR getting_VVG a_AT1 gang_NN1 to_TO beat_VVI up_RP Al_NP1 )_) immediately_RR precede_VV0 the_AT sequence_NN1 in_II which_DDQ another_DD1 policeman_NN1 explains_VVZ to_II Al_NP1 that_CST he_PPHS1 no_RR21 longer_RR22 has_VHZ access_NN1 to_II Georgie_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Add_VV0 Frank_NP1 to_II Ray_NP1 's_GE disloyalty_NN1 ,_, and_CC we_PPIS2 are_VBR being_VBG primed_VVN to_TO see_VVI Al_NP1 's_GE violent_JJ response_NN1 as_CSA justifiable_JJ ,_, and_CC the_AT police_NN2 merely_RR as_CSA rival_JJ delinquents_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Al_NP1 's_GE competitiveness_NN1 underlies_VVZ much_DA1 of_IO the_AT film_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Significantly_NP1 ,_, when_CS Georgie_NP1 asks_VVZ how_RRQ he_PPHS1 met_VVD her_APPGE mother_NN1 ,_, Al_NP1 explains_VVZ he_PPHS1 *1_NULL won_VVD *0_NULL Jacqui_NP1 from_II another_DD1 man_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Images_NN2 of_IO competition_NN1 recur_VV0 throughout_RL from_II Grand_JJ Prix_NN1 racing_VVG to_II the_AT **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL *'_" friendly_JJ **'_" game_NN1 of_IO snooker_NN1 between_II Ray_NP1 and_CC Al_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 aggressive_JJ mentality_NN1 is_VBZ further_RRR stimulated_VVN in_II that_DD1 Ray_NN1 has_VHZ violated_VVN the_AT code_NN1 of_IO mateship_NN1 ._. ^ *'_" ^_NULL Why_RRQ Ray_NP1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL Why_RRQ Ray_NP1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL Anybody_PN1 else_RR ,_, but_CCB why_RRQ Ray_NP1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 's_VBZ my_APPGE best_JJT bloody_JJ friend_NN1 **'_" ,_, is_VBZ Al_NP1 's_GE cry_NN1 when_RRQ he_PPHS1 first_MD recognizes_VVZ Jacqui_NP1 's_GE attraction_NN1 to_II Ray_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Inarticulateness_NP1 ,_, crude_JJ wit_NN1 ,_, contempt_NN1 for_IF *'_" culture_NN1 **'_" ,_, resourcefulness_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 fierce_JJ sense_NN1 of_IO competition_NN1 *-_- all_DB these_DD2 qualities_NN2 are_VBR present_JJ in_II the_AT two_MC key_JJ sequences_NN2 which_DDQ sum_VV0 up_RP everything_PN1 that_CST is_VBZ so_RG powerful_JJ stylistically_RR about_II *1_NULL Smash_NN1 Palace_NNL1 ,_, *0_NULL and_CC everything_PN1 that_CST is_VBZ so_RG unnerving_JJ in_II31 terms_II32 of_II33 its_APPGE ideas_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT first_MD ,_, absolutely_RR essential_JJ to_II understanding_VVG why_RRQ the_AT marriage_NN1 collapses_NN2 ,_, is_VBZ the_AT third_MD argument_NN1 between_II Al_NP1 and_CC Jacqui_NP1 ,_, just_RR before_II Jacqui_NP1 walks_VVZ out_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ still_RR something_PN1 perversely_RR funny_JJ in_II the_AT way_NN1 Al_NP1 mocks_VVZ Jacqui_NP1 's_GE social_JJ pretensions_NN2 with_IW the_AT lines_NN2 ,_, *'_" ^_NULL You_PPY want_VV0 I_ZZ1 should_VM juggle_VVI for_IF you_PPY lady_NN1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL Dance_NN1 for_IF you_PPY ?_? ^ **'_" ,_, uttered_VVD as_CSA he_PPHS1 executes_VVZ a_DD221 few_DD222 clumsy_JJ steps_NN2 and_CC juggles_VVZ with_IW eggs_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB the_AT humour_NN1 is_VBZ an_AT1 hysterical_JJ prelude_NN1 to_II that_DD1 ultimate_JJ masculine_JJ curse_NN1 *-_- *'_" ^_NULL Well_RR *2_NULL FUCK_VV0 *0_NULL ya_PPY !_! ^ **'_" ^_NULL Al_NP1 throws_VVZ the_AT eggs_NN2 at_II Jacqui_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS rushes_VVZ weeping_VVG to_II her_APPGE room_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Al_NP1 follows_VVZ her_PPHO1 and_CC acts_VVZ out_RP his_APPGE curse_NN1 literally_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 removes_VVZ her_APPGE panties_NN2 as_CSA she_PPHS1 weeps_VVZ and_CC takes_VVZ her_PPHO1 dog-fashion_RR before_CS she_PPHS1 rolls_VVZ over_RP and_CC he_PPHS1 thrusts_VVZ like_II a_AT1 piston_NN1 in_II the_AT missionary_JJ position_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Jacqui_NP1 is_VBZ passive_JJ and_CC accepting_VVG ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT only_JJ words_NN2 of_IO tenderness_NN1 are_VBR Al_NP1 's_GE muttered_JJ apology_NN1 for_IF his_APPGE outburst_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ not_XX love-making_JJ so_RR31 much_RR32 as_RR33 clumsy_JJ fucking_JJ with_IW the_AT suggestion_NN1 that_CST this_DD1 is_VBZ the_AT only_JJ way_NN1 Al_NP1 knows_VVZ to_TO assert_VVI his_APPGE union_NN with_IW Jacqui_NP1 ;_; to_TO calm_VVI her_PPHO1 ;_; to_TO control_VVI her_PPHO1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL On_II its_APPGE own_DA this_DD1 sequence_NN1 could_VM be_VBI interpreted_VVN as_II a_AT1 powerful_JJ plea_NN1 for_IF Jacqui_NP1 's_GE point-of-view_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Certainly_RR it_PPH1 just_RR precedes_VVZ her_APPGE decision_NN1 to_TO leave_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB the_AT second_MD key_JJ sequence_NN1 really_RR belies_VVZ the_AT implicit_JJ criticism_NN1 of_IO limited_JJ male_JJ sensitivity_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ the_AT film_NN1 's_VBZ finale_NN1 *-_- a_AT1 vindication_NN1 of_IO Al_NP1 's_GE delinquency_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Georgie_NP1 's_GE fever_NN1 has_VHZ caused_VVN Al_NP1 to_TO panic_VVI ,_, emerge_VV0 from_II the_AT bush_NN1 and_CC head_NN1 with_IW Georgie_NP1 for_IF a_AT1 chemist_NN1 shop_NN1 to_TO get_VVI drugs_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 is_VBZ spotted_VVN ,_, and_CC takes_VVZ as_II a_AT1 hostage_NN1 Rose_NN1 (_( Margaret_NP1 Umbers_NN2 )_) ,_, the_AT shop_NN1 assistant_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT hysteria_NN1 of_IO being_VBG kidnapped_VVN at_II gunpoint_NN1 ,_, Rose_NP1 babbles_VVZ ,_, *'_" ^_NULL I_PPIS1 ca_VM n't_XX come_VVI *-_- ^_NULL I_MC1 've_VH0 got_VVN a_AT1 hair_NN1 appointment_NN1 at_II three_MC o'clock_RA **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL Now_RT Al_NP1 is_VBZ holed_VVN up_RP in_II Smash_NN1 Palace_NNL1 with_IW a_AT1 delirious_JJ Georgie_NP1 and_CC a_AT1 weeping_JJ Rose_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Armed_JJ police_NN2 surround_VV0 the_AT place_NN1 ,_, their_APPGE operations_NN2 directed_VVN in_II part_NN1 by_II Ray_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Al_NP1 's_GE false_JJ mate_NN1 has_VHZ the_AT force_NN1 of_IO the_AT law_NN1 on_II his_APPGE side_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Conversely_NP1 ,_, Al_NP1 ,_, in_II leather_NN1 jacket_NN1 with_IW shotgun_NN1 and_CC belt_NN1 of_IO shells_NN2 ,_, is_VBZ the_AT very_JJ image_NN1 of_IO the_AT outnumbered_JJ hero_NN1 *-_- the_AT underdog_NN1 with_IW whom_PNQO we_PPIS2 generally_RR sympathize_VV0 in_II a_AT1 thriller_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL To_II Al_NP1 's_GE shouts_NN2 for_IF Jacqui_NP1 ,_, Ray_NP1 lies_VVZ over_II a_AT1 loud-hailer_NN1 ,_, saying_VVG she_PPHS1 is_VBZ n't_XX there_RL ._. ^ ^_NULL Jacqui_NP1 pushes_VVZ contemptuously_RR past_II Ray_NP1 in_II her_APPGE rush_NN1 to_TO join_VVI her_APPGE husband_NN1 and_CC her_APPGE child_NN1 *-_- and_CC if_CSW we_PPIS2 needed_VVD any_DD further_JJR proof_NN1 that_CST Ray_NP1 is_VBZ merely_RR a_AT1 convenience_NN1 to_II her_PPHO1 ,_, this_DD1 gesture_NN1 surely_RR is_VBZ it_PPH1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Inside_RL ,_, Jacqui_NP1 at_RR21 last_RR22 confronts_VVZ her_APPGE outlaw_NN1 husband_NN1 and_CC takes_VVZ charge_NN1 of_IO the_AT sick_JJ Georgie_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *'_" You_PPY 've_VH0 gone_VVN too_RG far_RR **'_" ,_, she_PPHS1 tells_VVZ Al_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 seems_VVZ a_AT1 reasonable_JJ statement_NN1 of_IO the_AT way_NN1 a_AT1 private_JJ quarrel_NN1 has_VHZ ballooned_VVN into_II a_AT1 hostage_NN1 crisis_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB Jacqui_NP1 also_RR adds_VVZ ,_, *'_" ^_NULL We_PPIS2 could_VM get_VVI things_NN2 going_VVG again_RT ,_, just_RR you_PPY and_CC me_PPIO1 and_CC Georgie_NP1 ..._... ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 'll_VM stick_VVI by_II you_PPY Al_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 still_RR love_VV0 you_PPY ._. ^ **'_" ^_NULL And_CC as_CSA she_PPHS1 is_VBZ departing_VVG with_IW Georgie_NP1 ,_, Al_NP1 says_VVZ ,_, *'_" ^_NULL Hey_UH Jack_NP1 *-_- {_NULL J'aime_NP1 tes_NN2 jambes_VVZ }_NULL ._. ^ **'_" |_NULL ^_NULL Probability_NP1 aside_RL (_( remember_VV0 Jacqui_NP1 is_VBZ talking_VVG to_II a_AT1 husband_NN1 who_PNQS has_VHZ kidnapped_VVN her_APPGE child_NN1 ,_, wrecked_VVD her_APPGE house_NN1 and_CC from_II whom_PNQO she_PPHS1 has_VHZ long_RR been_VBN estranged_VVN )_) ,_, this_DD1 last_MD confrontation_NN1 between_II husband_NN1 and_CC wife_NN1 reinforces_VVZ an_AT1 essential_JJ male_JJ myth_NN1 *-_- no_RRQV31 matter_RRQV32 how_RRQV33 abused_JJ ,_, the_AT woman_NN1 will_VM dutifully_RR return_VVI in_II a_AT1 crisis_NN1 and_CC declare_VVI her_APPGE love_NN1 ,_, provided_CS the_AT man_NN1 shows_VVZ himself_PPX1 sufficiently_RR masterful_JJ and_CC strong_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL But_CCB the_AT punch-line_NN1 is_VBZ yet_RR to_TO come_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL Al_NP1 exchanges_VVZ hostages_NN2 *-_- Rose_VVD for_IF Ray_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *'_" You_PPY 've_VH0 got_VVN five_MC minutes_NNT2 **'_" ,_, he_PPHS1 says_VVZ to_II tearful_JJ Rose_NN1 as_CSA she_PPHS1 is_VBZ leaving_VVG ;_; and_CC to_II her_APPGE puzzled_JJ look_NN1 he_PPHS1 adds_VVZ ..._... ^ *'_" to_II your_APPGE hair_NN1 appointment_NN1 **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL Rose_NP1 cracks_VVZ up_RP completely_RR and_CC leaves_VVZ the_AT building_NN1 howling_VVG loudly_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL Seen_VVN in_II context_NN1 ,_, this_DD1 line_NN1 and_CC Rose_NP1 's_GE response_NN1 are_VBR a_AT1 sick_JJ joke_NN1 *-_- they_PPHS2 belittle_VV0 a_AT1 woman_NN1 's_VBZ terror_NN1 (_( *1_NULL silly_JJ weeping_JJ women_NN2 ..._... )_) ^ *0_NULL in_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO promote_VVI the_AT idea_NN1 of_IO Al_NP1 's_GE cool_JJ self-possession_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT object_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 self-possession_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT ritual_JJ humiliation_NN1 of_IO Ray_NP1 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 236+TEXT+G49_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT writer_NN1 could_VM also_RR have_VHI included_VVN Roland_NP1 Wakelin_NP1 ,_, Frances_NP1 Ellis_NP1 ,_, Godfrey_NP1 Miller_NP1 and_CC Helen_NP1 Stewart_NP1 in_II his_APPGE list_NN1 of_IO expatriates_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL All_DB had_VHD initially_RR trained_VVN in_II Europe_NP1 ,_, only_RR to_TO *"_" return_VVI as_CS31 far_CS32 as_CS33 Australia_NP1 **"_" and_CC establish_VV0 reputations_NN2 in_II that_DD1 country_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 trend_NN1 is_VBZ still_RR familiar_JJ today_RT ,_, as_CSA promising_VVG young_JJ artists_NN2 seek_VV0 the_AT opportunities_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 larger_JJR artistic_JJ community_NNJ ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT dialogue_NN1 in_II the_AT visual_JJ arts_NN2 between_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 and_CC its_APPGE near_JJ neighbour_NN1 originated_VVD last_MD century_NNT1 with_IW extravagant_JJ displays_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 the_AT Melbourne_NP1 International_JJ Exhibition_NN1 (_( 1880-1_MCMC )_) ,_, which_DDQ featured_VVD John_NP1 Gully_NN1 and_CC {_NULL C._NP1 D._NP1 }_NULL Barraud_NP1 ,_, and_CC the_AT Centennial_JJ Exhibition_NN1 in_II the_AT same_DA city_NN1 (_( 1888-9_MCMC )_) where_CS in_II31 addition_II32 to_II33 {_NULL J._NP1 B._NP1 C._NP1 }_NULL Hoyte_NP1 ,_, {_NULL J._NP1 C._NP1 }_NULL Richmond_NP1 and_CC {_NULL W._NP1 M._NN1 }_NULL Hodgkins_NP1 ,_, Emily_NP1 Harris_NP1 ,_, Jane_NP1 and_CC Frances_NP1 Wimperis_NP1 and_CC Isabel_NP1 Field_NP1 (_( Hodgkins_NP1 )_) were_VBDR represented_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT pattern_NN1 was_VBDZ reversed_VVN with_IW the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 and_CC South_NP Seas_NP1 Exhibition_NN1 in_II Dunedin_NP1 (_( 1889-90_MCMC )_) which_DDQ designated_VVD a_AT1 special_JJ display_NN1 court_NN1 for_IF the_AT New_NP South_NP Wales_NP1 Loan_NN1 Collection_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL At_II the_AT turn_NN1 of_IO the_AT century_NNT1 ,_, annual_JJ exhibitions_NN2 of_IO the_AT local_JJ art_NN1 societies_NN2 incorporated_VVD the_AT work_NN1 of_IO Australian_JJ artists_NN2 ,_, for_REX21 instance_REX22 Albert_NP1 Hanson_NP1 exhibited_VVD with_IW the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 Academy_NN1 of_IO Fine_JJ Arts_NN2 in_II 1901_MC ,_, Julian_NP1 Ashton_NP1 and_CC \_NULL A._NP1 Datillo-Rubbo_NP1 in_II 1903_MC ,_, and_CC in_II 1904_MC there_EX was_VBDZ a_AT1 special_JJ section_NN1 for_IF Sydney_NP1 watercolourists_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Participation_NN1 of_IO Australian_JJ artists_NN2 in_II our_APPGE art_NN1 societies_NN2 continued_VVN into_II the_AT 1920s_MC2 ,_, and_CC during_II the_AT next_MD decade_NNT1 interested_JJ parties_NN2 in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 could_VM keep_VVI informed_JJ of_IO activities_NN2 in_II Sydney_NP1 and_CC Melbourne_NP1 through_II the_AT reports_NN2 of_IO their_APPGE correspondents_NN2 in_II the_AT *"_" Art_NN1 Notes_VVZ **"_" column_NN1 of_IO *1_NULL Art_NN1 in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL There_EX were_VBDR ,_, of_RR21 course_RR22 ,_, New_JJ Zealanders_NP1 who_PNQS held_VVD solo_RR exhibitions_NN2 across_II the_AT Tasman_NP1 ,_, and_CC Hoyte_NP1 is_VBZ the_AT obvious_JJ example_NN1 from_II the_AT nineteenth_MD century_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL At_II that_DD1 stage_NN1 no_AT woman_NN1 had_VHD earned_VVN this_DD1 respect_NN1 as_II an_AT1 artist_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT position_NN1 changed_VVD when_RRQ Frances_NP1 Hodgkins_NP1 ,_, shored_VVD up_RP by_II a_AT1 period_NN1 in_II Europe_NP1 ,_, held_VVD successful_JJ shows_NN2 in_II Melbourne_NP1 ,_, Sydney_NP1 and_CC Adelaide_NP1 between_II 1912_MC and_CC 1913_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL Some_DD twenty_MC years_NNT2 later_RRR ,_, Maud_NP1 Sherwood_NP1 would_VM receive_VVI similar_JJ acclaim_NN1 in_II Australia_NP1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *2_NULL MAUD_NP1 SHERWOOD_NP1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Born_VVN in_II Dunedin_NP1 ,_, Maud_NP1 Sherwood_NP1 (_( Kimbell_NP1 ,_, 1880-1956_MCMC )_) was_VBDZ the_AT daughter_NN1 of_IO Elisabeth_NP1 and_CC Alfred_NP1 Kimbell_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT family_NN moved_VVN to_II Wellington_NP1 when_RRQ she_PPHS1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 child_NN1 and_CC it_PPH1 was_VBDZ there_RL that_CST she_PPHS1 began_VVD her_APPGE art_NN1 studies_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Mabel_NP Hill_NNL1 and_CC Mary_NP1 Elizabeth_NP1 Tripe_NP1 both_RR taught_VVD her_PPHO1 at_II Wellington_NP1 Technical_JJ College_NN1 ,_, but_CCB it_PPH1 was_VBDZ James_NP1 Nairn_NP1 who_PNQS appears_VVZ to_TO have_VHI made_VVN the_AT most_DAT impact_NN1 :_: *"_" ^_NULL Nairn_NP1 used_VMK to_TO tell_VVI us_PPIO2 to_TO *'_" dash_VVI it_PPH1 on_RP ,_, slash_NN1 it_PPH1 in_RP ,_, do_VD0 n't_XX be_VBI afraid_JJ of_IO it_PPH1 !_! ^ ^_NULL Let_VVD the_AT world_NN1 stare_VVI !_! ^ *'_" **"_" |_NULL ^_NULL After_CS Nairn_NP1 's_GE death_NN1 in_II 1904_MC ,_, Maud_NP1 Kimbell_NP1 took_VVD over_RP his_APPGE still-life_NN1 and_CC sketching_VVG classes_NN2 at_II the_AT college_NN1 and_CC was_VBDZ involved_VVN there_RL for_IF nine_MC years_NNT2 ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 became_VVD a_AT1 regular_JJ exhibitor_NN1 with_IW the_AT Academy_NN1 from_II 1898_MC and_CC held_VVD her_APPGE first_MD solo_NN1 exhibition_NN1 (_( at_II McGregor_NP1 Wright_NP1 's_GE )_) in_II April_NPM1 1910_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 year_NNT1 later_RRR ,_, aged_II thirty-one_MC ,_, the_AT artist_NN1 left_VVN for_IF Europe_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Like_II another_DD1 New_JJ Zealander_NP1 ,_, Owen_NP1 Merton_NP1 ,_, she_PPHS1 entered_VVD Colarossi_NP1 's_VBZ in_II Paris_NP1 and_CC later_RRR studied_VVN with_IW Tudor_NP1 Hart_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Her_APPGE diary_NN1 for_IF 1912_MC describes_VVZ the_AT ordeals_NN2 of_IO training_VVG under_II the_AT exacting_JJ eye_NN1 of_IO the_AT professor_NN1 :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL During_II her_APPGE first_MD summer_NNT1 ,_, she_PPHS1 accompanied_VVD Tudor_NP1 Hart_NP1 's_GE sketching_JJ group_NN (_( which_DDQ included_VVD her_PPHO1 compatriots_VVZ Cora_NP1 Wilding_NP1 ,_, Owen_NP1 Merton_NP1 ,_, and_CC {_NULL C._NP Y._NP }_NULL Fell_NNL1 )_) on_II a_AT1 tour_NN1 of_IO England_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 year_NNT1 later_RRR she_PPHS1 went_VVD to_II Brittany_NP1 and_CC Holland_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL For_IF June_NPM1 1913_MC her_APPGE diary_NN1 describes_VVZ how_RRQ at_II Concarneau_NP1 she_PPHS1 worked_VVD out_II21 of_II22 doors_NN2 in_II the_AT morning_NNT1 and_CC shared_VVD a_AT1 studio_NN1 with_IW other_JJ students_NN2 in_II the_AT afternoon_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Local_NN1 fishermen_NN2 and_CC their_APPGE families_NN2 served_VVN as_CSA models_NN2 ,_, and_CC *"_" the_AT colour_NN1 of_IO the_AT sails_NN2 of_IO the_AT fishing_NN1 boats_NN2 **"_" provided_VVD picturesque_JJ subject_NN1 matter_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 Continental_JJ excursion_NN1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 carefree_JJ and_CC exhilarating_VVG affair_NN1 ,_, rather_RG like_II the_AT traditional_JJ Grand_JJ Tour_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL At_II Amsterdam_NP1 during_II August_NPM1 the_AT artist_NN1 painted_VVN the_AT large_JJ watercolour_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 elderly_JJ Dutchman_NN1 with_IW his_APPGE clay_NN1 pipe_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ now_RT in_II Wellington_NP1 at_II the_AT National_JJ Art_NN1 Gallery_NNL1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Her_APPGE fluid_NN1 and_CC broad_JJ treatment_NN1 of_IO the_AT figure_NN1 recalls_VVZ Frances_NP1 Hodgkins_NP1 's_GE manner_NN1 and_CC it_PPH1 can_VM be_VBI assumed_VVN that_CST the_AT younger_JJR painter_NN1 was_VBDZ well_RR acquainted_VVN with_IW her_APPGE work_NN1 ,_, possibly_RR at_II Colarossi_NP1 's_GE and_CC also_RR when_CS it_PPH1 was_VBDZ displayed_VVN at_II McGregor_NP1 Wright_NP1 's_VBZ in_II 1904_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II her_APPGE diary_NN1 she_PPHS1 makes_VVZ specific_JJ reference_NN1 to_II both_DB2 Hodgkins_NP1 and_CC former_DA Canterbury_NP1 artist_NN1 Sydney_NP1 Thompson_NP1 (_( whom_PNQO she_PPHS1 visited_VVD in_II Concarneau_NP1 )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL One_MC1 entry_NN1 in_RR21 particular_RR22 throws_VVZ light_NN1 on_II the_AT reasons_NN2 why_RRQ talented_JJ colonials_NN2 chose_VVD to_TO pursue_VVI careers_NN2 abroad_RL ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II it_PPH1 she_PPHS1 mentions_VVZ that_CST the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 press_NN gave_VVD Thompson_NP1 *"_" an_AT1 awful_JJ dubbing_NN1 **[_NULL sic_RR **]_NULL &_CC I_PPIS1 must_VM agree_VVI with_IW Miss_NNB Hodgkins_NP1 that_CST *1_NULL Good_NP1 ,_, modern_JJ *0_NULL art_NN1 would_VM be_VBI high_JJ above_II the_AT heads_NN2 of_IO 999_MC out_II21 of_II22 1,000_MC New_JJ Zealanders_NP1 ._. **"_" ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Maud_NP1 Kimbell_NP1 left_VVD Europe_NP1 for_IF Australia_NP1 in_II 1913_MC ,_, establishing_VVG herself_PPX1 in_II Sydney_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Four_MC years_NNT2 later_RRR ,_, in_II August_NPM1 1917_MC ,_, she_PPHS1 married_VVD the_AT businessman_NN1 {_NULL A._NP1 C._NP1 }_NULL Sherwood_NP1 ,_, and_CC went_VVD to_TO live_VVI at_II Neutral_JJ Bay_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT marriage_NN1 collapsed_VVD in_II 1920_MC when_RRQ the_AT artist_NN1 left_VVD him_PPHO1 on_II grounds_NN2 of_IO cruelty_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT couple_NN1 were_VBDR finally_RR divorced_VVN in_II 1926_MC ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ believed_VVN that_CST Maud_NP1 Sherwood_NP1 studied_VVD for_IF a_AT1 time_NNT1 with_IW Julian_NP1 Ashton_NP1 at_II the_AT Sydney_NP1 Art_NP1 School_NNL1 but_CCB no_AT dates_NN2 are_VBR available_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Possibly_RR the_AT oil_NN1 painting_NN1 by_II Sherwood_NP1 of_IO *1_NULL The_AT Model_NN1 *0_NULL (_( 1919_MC )_) which_DDQ portrays_VVZ a_AT1 class_NN1 of_IO women_NN2 students_NN2 is_VBZ a_AT1 clue_NN1 to_II this_DD1 assertion_NN1 (_( *1_NULL Illustration_NN1 35_MC )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL By_II 1914_MC she_PPHS1 had_VHD begun_VVN exhibiting_VVG with_IW the_AT Society_NNJ of_IO Artists_NN2 and_CC from_II one_MC1 of_IO their_APPGE exhibitions_NN2 two_MC works_NN were_VBDR purchased_VVN by_II the_AT Art_NP1 Gallery_NNL1 of_IO New_NP South_NP Wales_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 won_VVD recognition_NN1 for_IF her_APPGE watercolours_NN2 in_RR21 particular_RR22 ,_, and_CC in_II 1924_MC was_VBDZ elected_VVN the_AT only_JJ woman_NN1 member_NN1 of_IO the_AT committee_NNJ of_IO the_AT Water_NN1 Colour_NN1 Institute_NNJ in_II Sydney_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 group_NN which_DDQ included_VVD significant_JJ names_NN2 in_II the_AT Australian_JJ art_NN1 establishment_NN *-_- Arthur_NP1 Streeton_NP1 ,_, Sydney_NP1 Long_RR and_CC Blamire_NP1 Young_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT same_DA year_NNT1 Maud_NP1 Sherwood_NP1 returned_VVD to_TO New_NP Zealand_NP1 to_TO spend_VVI fourteen_MC months_NNT2 in_II Wellington_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT visit_NN1 coincided_VVD with_IW the_AT Academy_NN1 's_GE comprehensive_JJ exhibition_NN1 of_IO her_APPGE work_NN1 in_II 1925_MC ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Of_IO the_AT fifty_MC exhibits_NN2 ,_, several_DA2 stemmed_VVD from_II Maud_NP1 Sherwood_NP1 's_GE time_NNT1 in_II Europe_NP1 ,_, and_CC of_IO those_DD2 based_VVN in_II Australia_NP1 *1_NULL The_AT Beach_NP1 ,_, Dee_FU Why_RRQ ,_, Sydney_NP1 *0_NULL (_( 1923_MC )_) was_VBDZ the_AT most_RGT acclaimed_JJ (_( *1_NULL Illustration_NN1 36_MC )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL Recalling_VVG the_AT animated_JJ scenes_NN2 of_IO French_JJ beach_NN1 resorts_NN2 by_II Euge_NP1 *?_NULL 3ne_FO Boudin_NP1 in_II the_AT 1860s_MC2 ,_, this_DD1 watercolour_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN updated_VVN to_TO convey_VVI informal_JJ groups_NN2 of_IO bathers_NN2 which_DDQ are_VBR handled_VVN with_IW considerable_JJ verve_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT worked_JJ up_II areas_NN2 colour_VV0 is_VBZ intense_JJ ,_, with_IW brilliant_JJ blue-blacks_NN2 defining_VVG shadows_NN2 ,_, and_CC reds_NN2 and_CC vivid_JJ yellows_NN2 providing_VVG accents_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT work_NN1 was_VBDZ reproduced_VVN on_II the_AT cover_NN1 of_IO the_AT catalogue_NN1 and_CC featured_VVD in_II the_AT mid_NN1 1925_MC issue_NN1 of_IO the_AT National_JJ Art_NN1 Association_NNJ 's_GE *1_NULL Bulletin_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL In_II the_AT same_DA publication_NN1 it_PPH1 was_VBDZ remarked_VVN upon_II as_CSA a_AT1 *"_" frank_JJ and_CC directly_RR stated_JJ work_NN1 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL While_CS in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 Maud_NP1 Sherwood_NP1 painted_VVD the_AT hills_NN2 and_CC city_NN1 of_IO Wellington_NP1 with_IW her_PPHO1 characteristically_RR vivid_JJ palette_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL One_MC1 of_IO these_DD2 ,_, *1_NULL Brooklyn_NP1 from_II Kelburn_NP1 ,_, *0_NULL found_VVD its_APPGE way_NN1 into_II the_AT Academy_NN1 show_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL An_AT1 interval_NN1 of_IO seven_MC years_NNT2 (_( 1926-33_MCMC )_) in_II Europe_NP1 followed_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL According_II21 to_II22 press_NN reports_VVZ ,_, Maud_NP1 Sherwood_NP1 's_GE original_JJ intention_NN1 was_VBDZ to_TO go_VVI to_II London_NP1 but_CCB she_PPHS1 travelled_VVD instead_RR to_II Italy_NP1 ,_, France_NP1 ,_, Spain_NP1 and_CC North_NP Africa_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Part_NN1 of_IO the_AT trip_NN1 was_VBDZ spent_VVN in_II company_NN1 with_IW the_AT Sydney_NP1 artist_NN1 Gladys_NP1 Owen_NP1 but_CCB she_PPHS1 also_RR attracted_VVD other_JJ friends_NN2 and_CC patrons_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL At_II one_MC1 point_NN1 she_PPHS1 had_VHD access_NN1 to_II a_AT1 villa_NN1 in_II Capri_NP1 and_CC one_PN1 in_II Rome_NP1 overlooking_VVG the_AT Borghese_JJ Gardens_NN2 ,_, where_CS she_PPHS1 had_VHD her_APPGE bedroom_NN1 fitted_VVN up_RP as_II a_AT1 studio_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Exhibitions_NN2 in_II Europe_NP1 followed_VVD and_CC Maud_NP1 Sherwood_NP1 was_VBDZ represented_VVN at_II (_( among_II others_NN2 )_) the_AT Salon_NN1 des_NP1 Independents_NP1 ,_, Paris_NP1 (_( 1928_MC )_) ,_, the_AT Prima_NP1 Mostra_NP1 Internazionale_NP1 d'Arte_NP1 Coloniale_NP1 ,_, Rome_NP1 (_( 1931_MC )_) and_CC the_AT Royal_JJ Academy_NN1 ,_, London_NP1 (_( 1932_MC )_) ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL On_II her_APPGE return_NN1 to_II Sydney_NP1 the_AT artist_NN1 displayed_VVD several_DA2 watercolours_NN2 and_CC drawings_NN2 produced_VVN during_II her_APPGE trip_NN1 at_II Macquarie_NP1 Galleries_NN2 *-_- her_APPGE first_MD solo_NN1 show_NN1 in_II Australia_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 confirmed_VVD her_APPGE position_NN1 as_CSA one_MC1 of_IO the_AT country_NN1 's_GE most_RGT spectacular_JJ watercolourists_NN2 and_CC attracted_VVD unanimous_JJ praise_NN1 from_II the_AT local_JJ press_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL Typical_NP1 were_VBDR the_AT remarks_NN2 of_IO Kenneth_NP1 Wilkinson_NP1 in_II the_AT *1_NULL Sydney_NP1 Morning_NNT1 Herald_NN1 ,_, *0_NULL 10_MC August_NPM1 1933_MC :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Among_II the_AT works_NN displayed_VVD was_VBDZ *1_NULL The_AT Chili_NN1 Market_NN1 ,_, Tunis_NP1 *0_NULL (_( 1927-8_MCMC )_) ,_, a_AT1 vibrant_JJ image_NN1 crowded_VVD with_IW detail_NN1 and_CC animated_JJ forms_NN2 (_( *1_NULL Plate_NN1 10_MC )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL Brangwyn_NP1 is_VBZ the_AT ultimate_JJ precursor_NN1 for_IF this_DD1 picture_NN1 of_IO vendors_NN2 with_IW their_APPGE exotic_JJ wares_NN2 ,_, but_CCB Frances_NP1 Hodgkins_NP1 and_CC Owen_NP1 Merton_NP1 had_VHD also_RR responded_VVN to_II the_AT vitality_NN1 of_IO such_DA subjects_NN2 and_CC extended_VVD the_AT range_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE interpretation_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Several_DA2 highly_RR worked_VVN charcoal_NN1 drawings_NN2 accompanied_VVD these_DD2 watercolours_NN2 with_IW titles_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 *1_NULL The_AT Little_JJ Village_NN1 Italy_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL At_II this_DD1 stage_NN1 of_IO her_APPGE career_NN1 the_AT artist_NN1 was_VBDZ known_VVN primarily_RR for_IF her_APPGE landscapes_NN2 ,_, although_CS in_II her_APPGE later_JJR years_NNT2 she_PPHS1 turned_VVD more_DAR to_II still-life_JJ studies_NN2 of_IO flowers_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Up_RP into_II the_AT 1940s_MC2 ,_, Maud_NP1 Sherwood_NP1 continued_VVD to_TO hold_VVI solo_JJ exhibitions_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 had_VHD expanded_VVN her_APPGE repertoire_NN1 to_TO include_VVI colour_NN1 linocuts_VVZ such_II21 as_II22 *1_NULL Venetian_JJ Fishing_NN1 Boats_NN2 *0_NULL and_CC *1_NULL Petunias_NP1 ,_, *0_NULL which_DDQ bear_VV0 comparison_NN1 with_IW the_AT bold_JJ graphic_JJ designs_NN2 of_IO the_AT Australians_NN2 Thea_NP1 Proctor_NP1 and_CC Margaret_NP1 Preston_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 continued_VVD to_TO paint_VVI intermittently_RR in_II oils_NN2 ,_, but_CCB watercolour_NN1 remained_VVD her_APPGE preferred_JJ medium_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL By_II all_DB accounts_NN2 ,_, Sherwood_NP1 rarely_RR ceased_VVD to_TO travel_VVI and_CC practice_VVI her_APPGE art_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 apparently_RR acquired_VVD a_AT1 well-equipped_JJ caravan_NN1 in_II the_AT latter_DA part_NN1 of_IO her_APPGE career_NN1 and_CC made_VVD repeated_JJ trips_NN2 throughout_II New_NP South_NP Wales_NP1 in_II31 search_II32 of_II33 new_JJ material_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Until_CS her_APPGE death_NN1 at_II Katoomba_NP1 in_II the_AT Blue_NP Mountains_NNL2 ,_, some_DD twenty_MC years_NNT2 after_II her_APPGE return_NN1 to_II Australia_NP1 ,_, the_AT artist_NN1 painted_VVN with_IW no_AT obvious_JJ decline_NN1 in_II her_APPGE abilities_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT watercolour_NN1 *1_NULL Yellow_JJ Lilies_NP1 ,_, *0_NULL now_RT at_II the_AT National_JJ Art_NN1 Gallery_NNL1 in_II Wellington_NP1 ,_, is_VBZ believed_VVN to_TO belong_VVI to_II the_AT period_NN1 1950-6_MCMC and_CC has_VHZ the_AT distinguished_JJ and_CC highly_RR competent_JJ features_NN2 of_IO her_APPGE earlier_JJR work_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Maud_NP1 Sherwood_NP1 may_VM have_VHI attracted_VVN considerable_JJ attention_NN1 during_II her_APPGE lifetime_NNT1 in_II the_AT country_NN1 of_IO her_APPGE adoption_NN1 ,_, but_CCB her_APPGE reputation_NN1 did_VDD not_XX last_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL Perhaps_RR this_DD1 was_VBDZ partly_RR because_CS ,_, like_II many_DA2 expatriates_NN2 ,_, she_PPHS1 became_VVD *"_" denationalised_VVD **"_" on_II leaving_VVG her_APPGE place_NN1 of_IO birth_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 may_VM also_RR have_VHI been_VBN because_CS she_PPHS1 preferred_VVD to_TO paint_VVI in_II watercolour_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 medium_NN1 often_RR discredited_VVD as_II the_AT province_NN1 of_IO dilettantes_NN2 and_CC women_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB the_AT truth_NN1 probably_RR lies_VVZ in_II the_AT strong_JJ period_NN1 flavour_NN1 of_IO her_APPGE work_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ does_VDZ not_XX allow_VVI it_PPH1 to_TO transcend_VVI its_APPGE time_NNT1 and_CC place_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II William_NP1 Moore_NP1 's_GE *1_NULL Story_NN1 of_IO Australian_JJ Art_NN1 *0_NULL (_( 1934_MC )_) Maud_NP1 Sherwood_NP1 was_VBDZ praised_VVN for_IF her_APPGE *"_" sureness_NN1 in_II draughtsmanship_NN1 **"_" and_CC the_AT sympathetic_JJ report_NN1 featured_VVD one_MC1 of_IO her_APPGE watercolours_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Towards_II the_AT end_NN1 of_IO the_AT artist_NN1 's_VBZ life_NN1 ,_, she_PPHS1 received_VVD two_MC paragraphs_NN2 in_II Herbert_NP1 Badham_NP1 's_GE *1_NULL A_AT1 Study_NN1 of_IO Australian_JJ Art_NN1 *0_NULL (_( 1949_MC )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL Badham_NP1 lived_VVD in_II New_NP South_NP Wales_NP1 and_CC like_II Sherwood_NP1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 member_NN1 of_IO the_AT Society_NNJ of_IO Artists_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 described_VVD her_PPHO1 as_II *"_" a_AT1 water-colourist_NN1 with_IW courage_NN1 **"_" and_CC one_PN1 whose_DDQGE colour_NN1 *"_" is_VBZ strong_JJ ,_, resonant_JJ and_CC pure_JJ **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL However_RR ,_, subsequent_JJ writers_NN2 on_II Australian_JJ art_NN1 ,_, who_PNQS probably_RR did_VDD not_XX have_VHI firsthand_JJ knowledge_NN1 of_IO the_AT artist_NN1 ,_, failed_VVD to_TO include_VVI her_PPHO1 in_II comprehensive_JJ texts_NN2 *-_- Bernard_NP1 Smith_NP1 's_GE *1_NULL Australian_JJ Painting_NN1 1788-1970_MCMC *0_NULL (_( 1971_MC )_) is_VBZ a_AT1 case_NN1 in_II point_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Both_RR Maud_NP1 Sherwood_NP1 and_CC Helen_NP1 Stewart_NP1 were_VBDR given_VVN slight_JJ entries_NN2 in_II Alan_NP1 McCulloch_NP1 's_GE *1_NULL Encyclopedia_NN1 of_IO Australian_JJ Art_NN1 *0_NULL (_( 1968_MC )_) ,_, but_CCB Frances_NP1 Ellis_NP1 was_VBDZ omitted_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 situation_NN1 emphasises_VVZ once_RR21 more_RR22 the_AT marginal_JJ position_NN1 of_IO women_NN2 artists_NN2 who_PNQS ,_, although_CS hailed_VVN in_II their_APPGE lifetime_NNT1 ,_, more_RGR often_RR than_CSN not_XX subsequently_RR slip_VV0 into_II obscurity_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *2_NULL FRANCES_NP1 ELLIS_NP1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Frances_NP1 Ellis_NP1 (_( 1900-71_MCMC )_) is_VBZ an_AT1 artist_NN1 to_II whom_PNQO recognition_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 career_NN1 spanning_VVG fifty_MC years_NNT2 is_VBZ sorely_RR due_JJ (_( *1_NULL Illustration_NN1 37_MC )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL Preparation_NN1 was_VBDZ underway_RR at_II the_AT Sarjeant_NP1 Gallery_NNL1 in_II 1979_MC to_II stage_NN1 an_AT1 exhibition_NN1 on_II the_AT work_NN1 of_IO both_DB2 Ellis_NP1 and_CC \_NULL A._NP1 Datillo-Rubbo_NP1 but_CCB the_AT project_NN1 has_VHZ yet_RR to_TO eventuate_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 venture_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 type_NN1 would_VM draw_VVI attention_NN1 to_II links_NN2 between_II artists_NN2 in_II this_DD1 country_NN1 with_IW manifestations_NN2 of_IO Post-Impressionism_NP1 in_II Australia_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL More_RGR importantly_RR ,_, it_PPH1 would_VM expose_VVI Frances_NP1 Ellis_NP1 as_II a_AT1 painter_NN1 of_IO note_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT artist_NN1 grew_VVD up_RP on_II a_AT1 farm_NN1 near_II Taihape_NP1 until_CS around_RG 1912_MC when_RRQ the_AT family_NN moved_VVN to_II Marton_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 was_VBDZ educated_VVN privately_RR and_CC developed_VVN musical_JJ and_CC artistic_JJ talents_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL At_II twenty-three_MC ,_, Ellis_NP1 went_VVD to_II London_NP1 for_IF two_MC years_NNT2 ,_, studying_VVG under_II Bernard_NP1 Meninsky_NP1 at_II the_AT Central_NP School_NP1 of_IO Arts_NN2 and_CC Crafts_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 also_RR took_VVD music_NN1 lessons_NN2 at_II the_AT Tobias_NP1 Matthay_NP1 School_NNL1 ._. ^ ^_NULL To_TO continue_VVI both_DB2 interests_NN2 professionally_RR was_VBDZ a_AT1 daunting_JJ prospect_NN1 and_CC she_PPHS1 finally_RR chose_VVD to_TO devote_VVI her_APPGE energy_NN1 to_II the_AT visual_JJ arts_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL When_CS she_PPHS1 returned_VVD to_TO New_NP Zealand_NP1 (_( following_VVG a_AT1 brief_JJ sojourn_NN1 in_II Sydney_NP1 )_) Frances_NP1 Ellis_NP1 accepted_VVD an_AT1 appointment_NN1 as_II teacher_NN1 of_IO drawing_VVG at_II the_AT Palmerston_NP1 North_NP1 Technical_JJ College_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL At_II the_AT time_NNT1 ,_, Linley_NP1 Richardson_NP1 was_VBDZ art_NN1 master_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Quite_RG possibly_RR she_PPHS1 instructed_VVD Elizabeth_NP1 Berry_NP1 (_( 1910-40_MCMC )_) in_II Palmerston_NP1 North_NP1 ,_, before_CS this_DD1 artist_NN1 left_VVN for_IF London_NP1 to_TO train_VVI with_IW Mark_NP1 Gertler_NP1 at_II the_AT Westminster_NP1 School_NNL1 of_IO Art_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Before_II moving_VVG permanently_RR to_II Sydney_NP1 in_II 1934_MC ,_, Ellis_NP1 made_VVD the_AT first_MD of_IO several_DA2 brief_JJ visits_NN2 to_II the_AT Northern_NP1 Hemisphere_NP1 ,_, painting_VVG in_II France_NP1 and_CC Italy_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 can_VM only_RR surmise_VVI how_RRQ she_PPHS1 learned_VVD of_IO Datillo-Rubbo_NP1 's_GE teaching_NN1 methods_NN2 ,_, but_CCB Roland_NP1 Wakelin_NP1 apparently_RR saw_VVD and_CC admired_VVD his_APPGE work_NN1 in_II Dunedin_NP1 earlier_RRR in_II the_AT century_NNT1 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 237+TEXT+G50_FO **]_NULL ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL Similarly_RR we_PPIS2 can_VM turn_VVI to_II the_AT painters_NN2 of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 landscapes_NN2 ,_, for_REX21 example_REX22 the_AT better_JJR works_NN of_IO ,_, say_VV0 ,_, John_NP1 Gully_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL If_CS the_AT viewer_NN1 gets_VVZ the_AT feeling_NN1 that_CST he_PPHS1 is_VBZ actually_RR there_RL ,_, actually_RR standing_VVG looking_VVG at_II the_AT scene_NN1 and_CC not_XX just_RR looking_VVG at_II a_AT1 painting_NN1 ,_, that_CST he_PPHS1 can_VM almost_RR sense_VVI the_AT breeze_NN1 on_II his_APPGE face_NN1 and_CC the_AT sun_NN1 in_II his_APPGE eyes_NN2 ,_, then_RT the_AT painter_NN1 will_VM have_VHI achieved_VVN what_DDQ he_PPHS1 set_VVD out_RP to_TO do_VDI ._. ^ ^_NULL On_II the_AT other_JJ hand_NN1 ,_, if_CS you_PPY merely_RR get_VV0 the_AT feeling_NN1 that_CST you_PPY are_VBR looking_VVG at_II a_AT1 good_JJ picture_NN1 ,_, then_RT we_PPIS2 could_VM say_VVI that_CST the_AT painter_NN1 has_VHZ failed_VVN in_II what_DDQ he_PPHS1 set_VVD out_RP to_TO do_VDI ,_, and_CC in_II my_APPGE opinion_NN1 you_PPY would_VM not_XX give_VVI this_DD1 painting_NN1 the_AT mark_NN1 that_CST you_PPY would_VM if_CS he_PPHS1 had_VHD succeeded_VVN in_II creating_VVG in_II you_PPY a_AT1 feeling_NN1 of_IO realism_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL The_AT Representational_JJ and_CC Historical_JJ painters_NN2 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Let_VVN us_PPIO2 now_RT turn_VVI our_APPGE attention_NN1 to_II our_APPGE New_NP Zealand_NP1 Representational_JJ landscape_NN1 painters_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Some_DD of_IO our_APPGE armchair_NN1 critics_NN2 and_CC lovers_NN2 of_IO other_JJ styles_NN2 of_IO paintings_NN2 ,_, particularly_RR admirers_NN2 of_IO contemporary_JJ art_NN1 ,_, scoff_NN1 at_II the_AT work_NN1 of_IO the_AT Representational_JJ painters_NN2 and_CC tell_VV0 you_PPY that_CST it_PPH1 is_VBZ not_XX true_JJ art_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL What_DDQ utter_JJ nonsense_NN1 !_! ^ ^_NULL Although_CS I_PPIS1 do_VD0 not_XX understand_VVI a_AT1 lot_NN of_IO it_PPH1 ,_, I_PPIS1 would_VM not_XX be_VBI so_RG presumptuous_JJ as_CSA to_TO say_VVI that_DD1 Symbolic_JJ art_NN1 ,_, for_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, was_VBDZ not_XX art_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Probably_RR if_CS I_PPIS1 made_VVD a_AT1 study_NN1 of_IO it_PPH1 in_II the_AT way_NN1 that_CST I_PPIS1 have_VH0 made_VVN a_AT1 study_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE Historical_JJ and_CC other_JJ nineteenth_MD century_NNT1 New_NP Zealand_NP1 artists_NN2 ,_, I_PPIS1 would_VM get_VVI a_AT1 greater_JJR appreciation_NN1 of_IO it_PPH1 ,_, but_CCB my_APPGE field_NN1 is_VBZ primarily_RR up_II21 until_II22 1930_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ the_AT period_NN1 to_II which_DDQ I_PPIS1 relate_VV0 best_RRT ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 never_RR tire_NN1 of_IO finding_VVG out_RP more_DAR about_II the_AT lives_NN2 of_IO the_AT artists_NN2 and_CC trying_VVG then_RT to_TO see_VVI whether_CSW the_AT kind_NN1 of_IO people_NN they_PPHS2 were_VBDR is_VBZ reflected_VVN in_II their_APPGE paintings_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL To_TO say_VVI that_CST the_AT personality_NN1 of_IO any_DD particular_JJ artist_NN1 did_VDD not_XX come_VVI out_RP in_II his_APPGE or_CC her_APPGE paintings_NN2 is_VBZ not_XX true_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, was_VBDZ not_XX Charles_NP1 Blomfield_NP1 a_AT1 great_JJ naturalist_NN1 and_CC lover_NN1 of_IO trees_NN2 ,_, and_CC is_VBZ this_DD1 not_XX portrayed_VVN to_II a_AT1 large_JJ extent_NN1 in_II his_APPGE paintings_NN2 ?_? ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 have_VH0 already_RR dealt_VVN briefly_RR with_IW quality_NN1 in_II31 relation_II32 to_II33 this_DD1 school_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ has_VHZ existed_VVN at_II all_DB stages_NN2 of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 art_NN1 but_CCB it_PPH1 was_VBDZ most_RGT strong_JJ last_MD century_NNT1 prior_II21 to_II22 the_AT advent_NN1 of_IO the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 Impressionists_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Almost_RR all_DB nineteenth-century_JJ painters_NN2 of_IO landscape_NN1 were_VBDR Representational_JJ painters_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL What_DDQ then_RT is_VBZ an_AT1 Historical_JJ painting_NN1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL Is_VBZ it_PPH1 historical_JJ merely_RR because_CS it_PPH1 is_VBZ old_JJ ?_? ^ ^_NULL Not_XX so_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL An_AT1 Historical_JJ painting_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 painting_NN1 *1_NULL that_CST is_VBZ historically_RR important_JJ because_II21 of_II22 its_APPGE content_NN1 ,_, *0_NULL that_REX21 is_REX22 ,_, it_PPH1 portrays_VVZ something_PN1 prior_II21 to_II22 the_AT advent_NN1 of_IO the_AT camera_NN1 ,_, or_CC that_DD1 has_VHZ not_XX been_VBN portrayed_VVN before_CS ,_, or_CC portrays_VVZ something_PN1 that_CST no_RR21 longer_RR22 exists_VVZ ._. ^ ^_NULL Captain_NNB Cook_NP1 carried_VVD painters_NN2 on_II all_DB his_APPGE expeditions_NN2 so_CS21 that_CS22 posterity_NN1 could_VM have_VHI a_AT1 record_NN1 of_IO what_DDQ was_VBDZ seen_VVN on_II each_DD1 voyage_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL These_DD2 paintings_NN2 are_VBR truly_RR Historical_JJ paintings_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Our_APPGE early_JJ artists_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 Heaphy_NP1 ,_, von_NP1 Tempsky_NP1 ,_, Fox_NP1 and_CC others_NN2 ,_, painted_VVN what_DDQ they_PPHS2 saw_VVD in_II the_AT 1840s_MC2 ,_, 1850s_MC2 and_CC 1860s_MC2 ,_, and_CC their_APPGE paintings_NN2 are_VBR Historical_JJ paintings_NN2 ,_, particularly_RR if_CS they_PPHS2 portray_VV0 buildings_NN2 that_CST no_RR21 longer_RR22 exist_VV0 or_CC events_NN2 of_IO national_JJ importance_NN1 or_CC interest_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Not_XX all_DB their_APPGE paintings_NN2 ,_, however_RR ,_, are_VBR Historical_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Recently_RR I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ lucky_JJ enough_RR to_TO be_VBI able_JJ to_TO purchase_VVI a_AT1 very_RG early_JJ watercolour_NN1 by_II {_NULL W._NP1 C._NP1 }_NULL Fitler_NP1 of_IO early_JJ Queenstown_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 painting_NN1 was_VBDZ produced_VVN in_II the_AT early_JJ 1880s_MC2 and_CC was_VBDZ reproduced_VVN in_II a_AT1 book_NN1 called_VVN *1_NULL Picturesque_JJ Atlas_NN1 of_IO Australasia_NP1 ;_; Volume_NN1 3_MC *0_NULL edited_VVD by_II Andrew_NP1 Garran_NP1 ,_, and_CC first_MD published_VVD in_II Sydney_NP1 in_II 1883_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT painting_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ almost_RR a_AT1 black_JJ and_CC white_JJ ,_, is_VBZ very_RG attractive_JJ ,_, showing_VVG the_AT Remarkables_NP1 ,_, Lake_NNL1 Wakatipu_NP and_RR31 so_RR32 on_RR33 ,_, but_CCB the_AT most_RGT important_JJ thing_NN1 about_II this_DD1 watercolour_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX its_APPGE appeal_NN1 as_II a_AT1 painting_NN1 but_CCB the_AT fact_NN1 that_CST it_PPH1 depicts_VVZ all_DB the_AT old_JJ buildings_NN2 in_II Queenstown_NP1 at_II that_DD1 time_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL To_II the_AT best_JJT of_IO my_APPGE knowledge_NN1 there_EX is_VBZ no_AT similar_JJ photograph_NN1 and_CC accordingly_RR this_DD1 is_VBZ a_AT1 work_NN1 that_CST is_VBZ historically_RR important_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL How_RRQ then_RT are_VBR we_PPIS2 to_TO judge_VVI the_AT quality_NN1 of_IO Historical_JJ paintings_NN2 ?_? ^ ^_NULL Very_RG simply_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL Most_DAT of_IO our_APPGE Historical_JJ artists_NN2 were_VBDR Representational_JJ artists_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Does_VDZ it_PPH1 convey_VVI to_II the_AT beholder_NN1 a_AT1 feeling_NN1 of_IO reality_NN1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL If_CS it_PPH1 does_VDZ ,_, then_RT it_PPH1 is_VBZ a_AT1 good_JJ painting_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL If_CS it_PPH1 does_VDZ n't_XX ,_, then_RT it_PPH1 is_VBZ a_AT1 poor_JJ painting_NN1 and_CC must_VM be_VBI graded_VVN accordingly_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL However_RR ,_, *1_NULL there_EX is_VBZ a_AT1 vast_JJ difference_NN1 between_II the_AT quality_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 Historical_JJ painting_NN1 and_CC the_AT importance_NN1 of_IO it_PPH1 ,_, *0_NULL and_CC this_DD1 will_VM be_VBI reflected_VVN in_II its_APPGE price_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 painting_NN1 may_VM be_VBI historically_RR important_JJ but_CCB of_IO rather_RG poor_JJ quality_NN1 ,_, or_CC of_IO average_JJ quality_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, the_AT pleasing_JJ painting_NN1 of_IO Queenstown_NP1 referred_VVD to_II above_RL is_VBZ of_IO good_JJ ,_, but_CCB not_XX exceptional_JJ quality_NN1 ,_, but_CCB it_PPH1 is_VBZ historically_RR very_RG important_JJ and_CC this_DD1 importance_NN1 is_VBZ what_DDQ may_VM well_RR make_VVI it_PPH1 command_VVI a_AT1 very_RG high_JJ price_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 hope_VV0 the_AT reader_NN1 can_VM now_RT get_VVI some_DD idea_NN1 of_IO how_RRQ to_TO judge_VVI the_AT quality_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 Historical_JJ or_CC Representational_JJ School_NN1 painting_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ not_XX necessary_JJ for_IF a_AT1 buyer_NN1 ,_, when_CS judging_VVG quality_NN1 ,_, to_TO have_VHI an_AT1 understanding_NN1 of_IO perspective_NN1 ,_, light_NN1 ,_, shade_NN1 ,_, colour_NN1 ,_, shadow_NN1 ,_, form_NN1 or_CC balance_NN1 ,_, \_NULL etc._RA ,_, although_CS all_DB of_IO these_DD2 are_VBR important_JJ factors_NN2 to_II the_AT artist_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL So_CS31 long_CS32 as_CS33 what_DDQ he_PPHS1 sees_VVZ creates_VVZ for_IF him_PPHO1 a_AT1 feeling_NN1 of_IO reality_NN1 ,_, the_AT buyer_NN1 can_VM be_VBI assured_VVN the_AT painting_NN1 is_VBZ successful_JJ and_CC its_APPGE quality_NN1 of_IO reasonable_JJ standard_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL However_RR ,_, the_AT buyer_NN1 must_VM at_II all_DB times_NNT2 adopt_VV0 the_AT stance_NN1 of_IO critic_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Thus_RR ,_, if_CS he_PPHS1 is_VBZ ,_, for_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, looking_VVG at_II a_AT1 painting_NN1 of_IO Queen_NNB Charlotte_NP1 Sound_NN1 by_II {_NULL W._NP1 G._NP1 }_NULL Baker_NP1 ,_, with_IW two_MC yachts_NN2 sailing_VVG down_RP the_AT Sound_NN1 ,_, he_PPHS1 may_VM immediately_RR say_VVI to_II himself_PPX1 ,_, *'_" ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ something_PN1 wrong_JJ !_! ^ ^_NULL The_AT yachts_NN2 should_VM be_VBI smaller_JJR ._. ^ **'_" *-_- or_CC *'_" ^_NULL The_AT yachts_NN2 should_VM be_VBI bigger_JJR **'_" (_( ^_NULL Normally_RR with_IW Baker_NP1 it_PPH1 is_VBZ the_AT latter_DA ._. )_) ^ ^_NULL On_II further_JJR inspection_NN1 he_PPHS1 may_VM see_VVI that_CST Baker_NP1 has_VHZ in_II fact_NN1 made_VVD a_AT1 major_JJ blue_JJ and_CC he_PPHS1 will_VM then_RT realise_VVI that_CST this_DD1 painting_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX perfectly_RR representational_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Or_CC he_PPHS1 may_VM be_VBI looking_VVG at_II a_AT1 watercolour_NN1 by_II John_NP1 Gully_NN1 and_CC see_VV0 that_CST the_AT near_JJ hills_NN2 do_VD0 not_XX look_VVI real_JJ for_IF some_DD reason_NN1 *-_- maybe_RR the_AT line_NN1 is_VBZ too_RG hard_JJ ,_, or_CC something_PN1 else_RR is_VBZ out_II21 of_II22 balance_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL At_II no_AT time_NNT1 should_VM the_AT buyer_NN1 assume_VVI that_CST because_CS he_PPHS1 is_VBZ looking_VVG at_II the_AT work_NN1 of_IO one_MC1 of_IO our_APPGE major_JJ artists_NN2 ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ necessarily_RR perfect_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Only_RR by_II such_DA study_NN1 and_CC criticism_NN1 will_VM he_PPHS1 improve_VVI his_APPGE perception_NN1 of_IO what_DDQ is_VBZ a_AT1 good_JJ painting_NN1 and_CC what_DDQ is_VBZ not_XX ._. ^ ^_NULL If_CS he_PPHS1 is_VBZ ever_RR to_TO have_VHI confidence_NN1 in_II himself_PPX1 and_CC be_VBI a_AT1 good_JJ judge_NN1 ,_, he_PPHS1 must_VM start_VVI at_II some_DD stage_NN1 relying_VVG on_II his_APPGE own_DA judgment_NN1 and_CC not_XX what_DDQ other_JJ people_NN tell_VV0 him_PPHO1 (_( although_CS by_II all_DB means_NN listen_VV0 to_II other_JJ people_NN 's_GE opinions_NN2 at_II all_DB times_NNT2 ,_, even_CS21 when_CS22 you_PPY consider_VV0 yourself_PPX1 to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 reasonable_JJ judge_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 painting_NN1 )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II other_JJ words_NN2 ,_, a_AT1 buyer_NN1 's_VBZ perception_NN1 of_IO quality_NN1 will_VM not_XX improve_VVI unless_CS he_PPHS1 or_CC she_PPHS1 is_VBZ prepared_VVN to_TO be_VBI critical_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL As_II a_AT1 dealer_NN1 ,_, of_RR21 course_RR22 ,_, I_PPIS1 must_VM weigh_VVI up_RP many_DA2 things_NN2 when_CS considering_VVG a_AT1 work_NN1 ,_, but_CCB the_AT main_JJ questions_NN2 I_PPIS1 must_VM answer_VVI are_VBR *'_" ^_NULL Is_VBZ the_AT fault_NN1 or_CC is_VBZ the_AT criticism_NN1 that_CST I_PPIS1 level_VV0 against_II this_DD1 painting_NN1 of_IO such_DA weight_NN1 that_CST it_PPH1 will_VM affect_VVI the_AT average_JJ buyer_NN1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL Is_VBZ the_AT quality_NN1 so_RG poor_JJ that_CST the_AT average_JJ buyer_NN1 will_VM say_VVI ,_, *"_" ^_NULL I_PPIS1 do_VD0 not_XX like_VVI that_DD1 painting_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ something_PN1 wrong_JJ with_IW it_PPH1 ._. **"_" ^ ,_, or_CC is_VBZ it_PPH1 good_JJ enough_RR for_IF the_AT average_JJ buyer_NN1 to_TO say_VVI ,_, *"_" ^_NULL Yes_UH ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ an_AT1 attractive_JJ painting_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 like_VV0 the_AT content_NN1 and_CC while_CS it_PPH1 may_VM not_XX be_VBI the_AT greatest_JJT work_NN1 in_II the_AT world_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 still_RR want_VV0 it_PPH1 ._. **"_" ^ **'_" ^_NULL The_AT dividing_JJ line_NN1 here_RL is_VBZ sometimes_RT very_RG fine_JJ and_CC will_VM become_VVI more_RGR apparent_JJ to_II the_AT buyer_NN1 as_CSA he_PPHS1 gains_VVZ more_DAR experience_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 am_VBM well_JJ aware_JJ that_CST if_CS a_AT1 painting_NN1 is_VBZ only_JJ average_NN1 ,_, or_CC less-than-average_JJ quality_NN1 ,_, this_DD1 consideration_NN1 will_VM ,_, of_RR21 course_RR22 ,_, affect_VVI the_AT *1_NULL discerning_JJ *0_NULL buyer_NN1 ,_, but_CCB I_PPIS1 am_VBM usually_RR interested_VVN only_RR in_II the_AT average_JJ buyer_NN1 and_CC not_XX the_AT specialist_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT questions_NN2 I_PPIS1 posed_VVD above_RL are_VBR ones_NN2 that_CST the_AT investor_NN1 must_VM ask_VVI himself_PPX1 continually_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II most_DAT cases_NN2 ,_, when_CS one_PN1 is_VBZ judging_VVG quality_NN1 there_EX are_VBR very_RG few_DA2 paintings_NN2 that_CST can_VM not_XX be_VBI criticised_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 becomes_VVZ a_AT1 question_NN1 of_IO how_RGQ relevant_JJ that_CST criticism_NN1 is_VBZ to_II a_AT1 prospective_JJ buyer_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL After_II all_DB ,_, most_DAT of_IO us_PPIO2 are_VBR not_XX looking_VVG for_IF perfection_NN1 ;_; we_PPIS2 are_VBR merely_RR seeking_VVG an_AT1 article_NN1 that_CST is_VBZ of_IO a_AT1 good_JJ standard_NN1 so_CS21 that_CS22 it_PPH1 will_VM resell_VVI readily_RR to_II the_AT average_JJ buyer_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL The_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 Impressionists_NN2 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL I_PPIS1 would_VM now_RT like_VVI to_TO direct_VVI your_APPGE attention_NN1 to_II the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 Impressionist_JJ School_NNL1 ,_, which_DDQ had_VHD its_APPGE beginnings_NN2 in_II the_AT 1890s_MC2 after_II the_AT arrival_NN1 here_RL of_IO three_MC very_RG influential_JJ artists_NN2 and_CC teachers_NN2 from_II Europe_NP1 at_II the_AT start_NN1 of_IO the_AT decade_NNT1 :_: {_NULL G._NP1 P._NP1 }_NULL Nerli_NP1 from_II Italy_NP1 ,_, James_NP1 Nairn_NP1 from_II Scotland_NP1 ,_, and_CC Petrus_NP1 Van_NP1 der_NP1 Velden_NP1 from_II Holland_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL All_DB three_MC had_VHD made_VVN reputations_NN2 for_IF themselves_PPX2 prior_II21 to_II22 coming_VVG to_II this_DD1 country_NN1 ,_, particularly_RR Van_NP1 der_NP1 Velden_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL How_RRQ then_RT were_VBDR they_PPHS2 different_JJ from_II the_AT artists_NN2 working_VVG and_CC exhibiting_VVG in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 at_II this_DD1 time_NNT1 ?_? ^ |_NULL ^_NULL First_MD ,_, these_DD2 newcomers_NN2 were_VBDR not_XX primarily_RR Representational_JJ painters_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 were_VBDR a_AT1 new_JJ breed_NN1 of_IO artist_NN1 ;_; people_NN who_PNQS painted_VVD not_XX what_DDQ they_PPHS2 saw_VVD but_RR ,_, to_II a_AT1 large_JJ extent_NN1 ,_, the_AT *1_NULL impression_NN1 *0_NULL that_CST a_AT1 scene_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 person_NN1 or_CC an_AT1 inanimate_JJ object_NN1 created_VVN on_II them_PPHO2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Each_DD1 of_IO these_DD2 men_NN2 could_VM paint_VVI in_II a_AT1 Representational_JJ way_NN1 ,_, and_CC indeed_RR many_DA2 of_IO their_APPGE works_NN are_VBR truly_RR in_II this_DD1 style_NN1 ,_, but_CCB they_PPHS2 left_VVD their_APPGE mark_NN1 on_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 art_NN1 not_XX as_RG Representational_JJ painters_NN2 but_CCB as_CSA Impressionists_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL An_AT1 Impressionist_JJ painting_NN1 I_PPIS1 like_VV0 to_TO define_VVI as_CSA one_PN1 in_II which_DDQ *1_NULL the_AT artist_NN1 endeavours_VVZ to_TO catch_VVI the_AT mood_NN1 of_IO what_DDQ he_PPHS1 feels_VVZ about_II what_DDQ he_PPHS1 is_VBZ looking_VVG at_II ._. ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL When_CS I_MC1 first_MD saw_VVD an_AT1 Impressionist_JJ New_NP Zealand_NP1 painting_NN1 *-_- I_PPIS1 think_VV0 it_PPH1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 Margaret_NP1 Stoddart_NP1 watercolour_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 seascape_NN1 *-_- I_PPIS1 looked_VVD at_II it_PPH1 closely_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ handed_VVN to_II me_PPIO1 by_II a_AT1 collector_NN1 who_PNQS regarded_VVD it_PPH1 as_II an_AT1 extremely_RR fine_JJ painting_NN1 ,_, but_CCB all_DB that_CST I_PPIS1 could_VM see_VVI then_RT was_VBDZ a_AT1 series_NN of_IO blobs_NN2 of_IO paint_NN1 ._. ^ (_( ^_NULL Margaret_NP1 Stoddart_NP1 's_GE style_NN1 at_II her_APPGE best_JJT and_CC most_RGT Impressionistic_JJ employs_VVZ short_JJ brush_NN1 strokes_NN2 ,_, very_RG few_DA2 of_IO which_DDQ are_VBR joined_VVN together_RL but_CCB which_DDQ overall_RR most_RGT effectively_RR capture_VV0 the_AT feeling_NN1 of_IO the_AT subject_NN1 ._. )_) ^ ^_NULL At_II this_DD1 viewing_NN1 I_PPIS1 could_VM n't_XX for_IF the_AT life_NN1 of_IO me_PPIO1 see_VV0 what_DDQ I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ supposed_JJ to_TO see_VVI ,_, or_CC what_DDQ my_APPGE friend_NN1 was_VBDZ seeing_VVG ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 tried_VVD hard_RR ,_, but_CCB it_PPH1 was_VBDZ n't_XX until_II two_MC or_CC three_MC years_NNT2 after_II starting_VVG to_TO deal_VVI in_II art_NN1 that_CST I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ truly_RR able_JK to_TO appreciate_VVI Margaret_NP1 Stoddart_NP1 's_GE Impressionism_NN1 and_CC see_VVI what_DDQ it_PPH1 was_VBDZ she_PPHS1 was_VBDZ getting_VVG at_II ._. ^ ^_NULL Some_DD people_NN I_PPIS1 know_VV0 who_PNQS are_VBR totally_RR untrained_JJ in_II art_NN1 and_CC are_VBR not_XX collectors_NN2 at_RR21 all_RR22 ,_, can_VM see_VVI this_DD1 immediately_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL Others_NN2 never_RR see_VV0 it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 like_VV0 only_RR the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 Representational_JJ School_NN1 where_RRQ the_AT line_NN1 is_VBZ full_JJ and_CC the_AT colour_NN1 real_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 can_VM not_XX appreciate_VVI Impressionist_JJ art_NN1 in_II any_DD shape_NN1 or_CC form_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL So_RR what_DDQ is_VBZ our_APPGE buyer_NN1 to_TO do_VDI if_CS he_PPHS1 can_VM not_XX appreciate_VVI it_PPH1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 must_VM then_RT rely_VVI on_II other_JJ people_NN 's_GE judgment_NN1 for_RT41 the_RT42 time_RT43 being_RT44 ,_, but_CCB he_PPHS1 must_VM also_RR persist_VVI ,_, because_CS while_CS he_PPHS1 may_VM not_XX be_VBI able_JK to_TO appreciate_VVI and_CC understand_VVI Impressionist_JJ art_NN1 today_RT ,_, in_II another_DD1 year_NNT1 or_CC so_CS he_PPHS1 may_VM well_RR be_VBI able_JK to_TO do_VDI so_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 must_VM not_XX despair_VVI ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Let_VV0 us_PPIO2 look_VVI at_II Plate_NN1 48_MC in_II *1_NULL Two_MC Hundred_NNO Years_NNT2 of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 Painting_NN1 *0_NULL by_II Gil_NP1 Docking_NP1 ,_, Petrus_NP1 Van_NP1 der_NP1 Velden_NP1 's_GE *'_" Otira_NP1 Gorge_NN1 **'_" ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ held_VVN at_II the_AT Auckland_NP City_NNL1 Art_NP1 Gallery_NNL1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ a_AT1 truly_RR dramatic_JJ ,_, magnificent_JJ painting_NN1 which_DDQ to_II me_PPIO1 portrays_VVZ the_AT wildness_NN1 of_IO the_AT night_NNT1 ,_, the_AT coldness_NN1 of_IO it_PPH1 ,_, the_AT strength_NN1 of_IO the_AT elements_NN2 ,_, the_AT storminess_NN1 of_IO the_AT sky_NN1 ,_, the_AT eeriness_NN1 of_IO the_AT whole_NN1 of_IO the_AT gorge_NN1 ,_, the_AT almost_RR terror_NN1 of_IO the_AT place_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Yet_RR when_CS you_PPY examine_VV0 it_PPH1 meticulously_RR ,_, there_EX is_VBZ very_RG little_JJ in_II this_DD1 painting_NN1 that_CST in_II fact_NN1 represents_VVZ a_AT1 rock_NN1 ,_, or_CC water_NN1 ,_, or_CC clouds_NN2 ,_, or_CC background_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL What_DDQ then_RT has_VHZ the_AT artist_NN1 done_VDN ,_, because_CS he_PPHS1 has_VHZ managed_VVN to_TO portray_VVI to_II me_PPIO1 all_DB the_AT moods_NN2 that_CST I_PPIS1 have_VH0 outlined_VVN above_RL ?_? ^ ^_NULL How_RRQ has_VHZ he_PPHS1 achieved_VVN this_DD1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 has_VHZ done_VDN it_PPH1 by_II the_AT most_RGT subtle_JJ use_NN1 of_IO colour_NN1 ,_, form_NN1 and_CC movement_NN1 that_CST it_PPH1 is_VBZ possible_JJ to_TO create_VVI on_II canvas_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 has_VHZ done_VDN it_PPH1 with_IW brush_NN1 and_CC oil_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Technical_JJ people_NN could_VM explain_VVI in_RP far_RG more_DAR detail_NN1 than_CSN I_PPIS1 the_AT method_NN1 that_CST he_PPHS1 has_VHZ used_VVN to_TO achieve_VVI this_DD1 ,_, but_CCB let_VVD us_PPIO2 just_RR say_VVI that_CST he_PPHS1 has_VHZ conveyed_VVN to_II me_PPIO1 ,_, and_CC I_PPIS1 hope_VV0 to_II you_PPY ,_, all_DB the_AT drama_NN1 of_IO the_AT night_NNT1 that_CST he_PPHS1 felt_VVD when_RRQ he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ there_RL ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 238+TEXT+G51_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" *2_NULL YOU_PPY 'VE_VH0 COME_VVN A_AT1 LONG_JJ WAY_NN1 BABY_NN1 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL INSULTINGLY_RR THE_AT WORLD_NN1 'S_VBZ TOBACCO_NN1 COMPANIES_NNJ2 CASHED_VVD IN_RP ON_II THE_AT WOMEN_NN2 'S_GE LIBERATION_NN1 MOVEMENT_NNJ WITH_IW THIS_DD1 SLOGAN_NN1 IN_II 1968_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL THREE_MC YEARS_NNT2 AGO_RA RUTH_NP1 BONITA_NP1 POINTED_VVD OUT_RP IN_II A_AT1 *3_NULL BROADSHEET_NN1 *2_NULL ARTICLE_NN1 THAT_DD1 CIGARETTE_NN1 ADVERTISEMENTS_NNJ2 WERE_VBDR ONE_MC1 OF_IO THE_AT FEW_DA2 PLACES_NN2 WHERE_RRQ WOMEN_NN2 WERE_VBDR PRESENTED_VVN AS_CSA *"_" INTELLIGENT_JJ ,_, MATURE_JJ ,_, SENSIBLE_JJ ,_, ASSERTIVE_JJ AND_CC INDEPENDENT_NP1 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL IN_II 1986_MC WITH_IW A_AT1 CONTINUING_JJ DROP_NN1 IN_II CIGARETTE_NN1 SALES_NN2 AMONGST_II WHITE_JJ MIDDLE_JJ CLASS_NN1 MEN_NN2 IN_II DEVELOPED_JJ COUNTRIES_NN2 ,_, WOMEN_NN2 AND_CC PEOPLE_NN IN_II THIRD_MD WORLD_NN1 COUNTRIES_NN2 REMAIN_VV0 THE_AT TOBACCO_NN1 COMPANIES_NNJ2 '_GE PRIME_JJ HOPES_NN2 FOR_IF CONTINUED_JJ PROFITS_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL *6_NULL An_AT1 English_JJ journalist_NN1 ,_, Peter_NP1 Taylor_NP1 ,_, has_VHZ recently_RR published_VVN *1_NULL Smoke_NN1 Ring_NN1 ,_, *0_NULL an_AT1 expose_VV0 *?_NULL 2_MC of_IO the_AT world_NN1 's_VBZ tobacco_NN1 monopolies_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Their_APPGE tactics_NN2 to_TO get_VVI people_NN hooked_VVD and_CC keep_VVI them_PPHO2 hooked_VVD are_VBR becoming_VVG more_RRR and_CC more_RGR insidious_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL One_PN1 is_VBZ to_TO sell_VVI a_AT1 brand_NN1 's_VBZ house_NN1 colours_NN2 and_CC logo_NN1 to_II a_AT1 firm_NNJ selling_VVG some_DD other_JJ type_NN1 of_IO product_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL An_AT1 example_NN1 is_VBZ {_NULL KIM_NP1 }_NULL sports_NN2 clothes_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL During_II the_AT 1982_MC Wimbledon_NP1 tennis_NN1 tournament_NN1 ,_, Martina_NP1 Navratilova_NP1 (_( a_ZZ1 role_NN1 model_NN1 if_CS ever_RR there_EX was_VBDZ one_MC1 )_) wore_VVD {_NULL KIM_NP1 }_NULL tennis_NN1 clothes_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT {_NULL KIM_NP1 }_NULL colours_NN2 and_CC design_NN1 on_II the_AT clothes_NN2 were_VBDR identical_JJ to_II the_AT cigarette_NN1 brand_VV0 most_RGT popular_JJ in_II the_AT United_NP Kingdom_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Wimbledon_NP1 tournament_NN1 was_VBDZ seen_VVN via_II television_NN1 by_II millions_NNO2 of_IO people_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL Outright_JJ advertising_NN1 of_IO cigarettes_NN2 at_II sports_NN2 fixtures_NN2 and_CC on_II television_NN1 is_VBZ banned_VVN in_II England_NP1 ,_, but_CCB the_AT companies_NN2 have_VH0 got_VVN around_II this_DD1 by_II using_VVG an_AT1 oblique_JJ subliminal_JJ strategy_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II third_MD world_NN1 countries_NN2 in_II South_NP America_NP1 and_CC Africa_NP1 ,_, the_AT tobacco_NN1 companies_NN2 are_VBR still_RR blatantly_RR associating_VVG cigarettes_NN2 with_IW western_JJ affluence_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL While_CS cigarette_NN1 smoking_VVG among_II adult_NN1 ,_, middle_JJ class_NN1 ,_, white_JJ males_NN2 is_VBZ decreasing_VVG in_II developed_JJ countries_NN2 ,_, the_AT decrease_NN1 for_IF adult_NN1 women_NN2 (_( irrespective_II21 of_II22 race_NN1 or_CC class_NN1 )_) is_VBZ either_RR minimal_JJ or_CC non-existent_JJ ,_, and_CC there_EX has_VHZ been_VBN an_AT1 increase_NN1 in_II cigarette_NN1 smoking_VVG among_II young_JJ women_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II Aotearoa_NP1 ,_, the_AT percentage_NN1 of_IO adolescent_JJ girls_NN2 who_PNQS smoke_VV0 is_VBZ almost_RR twice_RR the_AT percentage_NN1 of_IO adolescent_JJ boys_NN2 who_PNQS smoke_VV0 ._. ^ ^_NULL Statisticians_NN2 predict_VV0 that_DD1 lung_NN1 cancer_NN1 will_VM surpass_VVI breast_NN1 cancer_NN1 as_II the_AT leading_JJ cause_NN1 of_IO cancer_NN1 deaths_NN2 amongst_II women_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT age-adjusted_JJ lung_NN1 cancer_NN1 death_NN1 rate_NN1 for_IF Maori_JJ women_NN2 is_VBZ four_MC times_NNT2 greater_JJR than_CSN for_IF non-Maori_JJ people_NN and_CC is_VBZ the_AT highest_RRT for_IF women_NN2 in_II the_AT world_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT relationship_NN1 between_II cigarette_NN1 smoking_VVG and_CC heart_NN1 disease_NN1 is_VBZ also_RR well_RR documented_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL One-third_MF of_IO all_DB deaths_NN2 in_II Aotearoa_NP1 result_NN1 from_II coronary_JJ disease_NN1 ,_, and_CC women_NN2 in_II Aotearoa_NP1 aged_II 45_MC to_II 54_MC years_NNT2 have_VH0 among_II the_AT highest_JJT mortality_NN1 rates_NN2 for_IF heart_NN1 disease_NN1 in_II the_AT world_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Although_CS these_DD2 facts_NN2 are_VBR fairly_RR well_RR known_VVN ,_, author_NN1 Jane_NP1 Ritchie_NP1 feels_VVZ that_CST medical_JJ researchers_NN2 are_VBR less_RGR energetic_JJ about_II publicising_VVG other_JJ effects_NN2 of_IO smoking_VVG on_II women_NN2 's_GE bodies_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, smokers_NN2 tend_VV0 to_TO have_VHI a_AT1 two_MC year_NNT1 earlier_RRR menopause_VV0 ,_, an_AT1 increased_JJ risk_NN1 of_IO osteoporosis_NN1 (_( brittle_JJ bones_NN2 )_) and_CC loss_NN1 of_IO teeth_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Research_NN1 on_II strategies_NN2 for_IF women_NN2 smokers_NN2 needs_VVZ to_TO be_VBI carried_VVN out_RP in_II Aotearoa_NP1 ,_, but_CCB money_NN1 for_IF such_DA proposals_NN2 is_VBZ scarce_JJ and_CC not_XX forthcoming_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Despite_II all_DB the_AT facts_NN2 and_CC the_AT support_NN1 of_IO organisations_NN2 like_II the_AT Heart_NN1 Foundation_NN1 of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 ,_, the_AT Cancer_NP1 Society_NNJ ,_, the_AT Health_NN1 Department_NNJ and_CC the_AT work_NN1 of_IO anti-smoking_JJ lobby_NN1 groups_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 Action_NN1 on_II Smoking_VVG and_CC Health_NN1 (_( {_NULL ASH_NP1 }_NULL )_) ,_, the_AT control_NN1 of_IO tobacco_NN1 product_NN1 advertising_NN1 and_CC access_NN1 to_II cigarettes_NN2 by_II young_JJ people_NN remains_VVZ uneasily_RR loose_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL At_RR21 present_RR22 there_EX is_VBZ only_RR an_AT1 informal_JJ agreement_NN1 between_II the_AT government_NN and_CC only_RR two_MC tobacco_NN1 companies_NN2 on_II standards_NN2 of_IO advertising_NN1 ,_, and_CC children_NN2 can_VM buy_VVI cigarettes_NN2 at_II the_AT corner_NN1 dairy_NN1 or_CC supermarket_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT gold_NN1 packet_NN1 lying_VVG on_II the_AT coffee_NN1 table_NN1 looks_VVZ inviting_VVG ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 have_VH0 to_TO pick_VVI it_PPH1 up_RP and_CC turn_VVI it_PPH1 on_II its_APPGE side_NN1 to_TO find_VVI in_II small_JJ black_JJ letters_NN2 :_: ^_NULL *"_" Health_NN1 \_NULL Dept_NNJ warning_NN1 :_: smoking_NN1 may_VM endanger_VVI your_APPGE health_NN1 ._. **"_" ^ ^_NULL *"_" May_NPM1 **"_" is_VBZ such_DA a_AT1 mild_JJ word_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL How_RGQ many_DA2 young_JJ women_NN2 are_VBR put_VVN off_II lighting_VVG their_APPGE first_MD cigarette_NN1 by_II the_AT word_NN1 *"_" may_VM **"_" ?_? ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 recent_JJ analysis_NN1 by_II Jane_NP1 Ritchie_NP1 of_IO the_AT media_NN found_VVD that_DD1 cigarette_NN1 advertisements_NN2 in_II magazines_NN2 predominantly_RR show_VV0 women_NN2 as_II part_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 heterosexual_JJ couple_NN1 ,_, projecting_VVG an_AT1 image_NN1 of_IO sexuality_NN1 and_CC romance_NN1 ,_, or_CC else_RR engaged_VVN in_II *"_" fun-filled_JJ outdoor_JJ **"_" healthy_JJ activities_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Although_CS this_DD1 country_NN1 's_GE voluntary_JJ code_NN1 on_II cigarette_NN1 advertising_NN1 is_VBZ supposed_JJ to_TO stop_VVI the_AT association_NN1 between_II smoking_VVG and_CC sexual_JJ attractiveness_NN1 and_CC health_NN1 ,_, many_DA2 of_IO the_AT magazines_NN2 read_VV0 by_II women_NN2 come_VV0 from_II overseas_RL ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Research_NN1 into_II why_RRQ people_NN smoke_NN1 and_CC particularly_RR how_RRQ to_TO help_VVI people_NN quit_VVD smoking_VVG ,_, or_CC prevent_VV0 beginning_VVG them_PPHO2 to_TO smoke_VVI ,_, have_VH0 largely_RR ignored_VVN the_AT possibility_NN1 that_CST women_NN2 ,_, people_NN of_IO colour_NN1 and_CC working_JJ class_NN1 people_NN smoke_VV0 for_IF different_JJ reasons_NN2 than_CSN white_JJ middle_JJ class_NN1 men_NN2 ,_, and_CC thus_RR may_VM need_VVI different_JJ smoking-cessation_JJ programmes_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT very_RG small_JJ amount_NN1 of_IO research_NN1 on_II women_NN2 smokers_NN2 suggests_VVZ women_NN2 belong_VV0 to_II the_AT group_NN of_IO smokers_NN2 called_VVN *"_" negative-affect_JJ **[_NULL sic_RR **]_NULL **"_" smokers_NN2 ,_, who_PNQS smoke_VV0 to_TO reduce_VVI unpleasant_JJ feelings_NN2 like_II stress_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ quite_RG likely_JJ women_NN2 smoke_VV0 to_TO reduce_VVI stress_NN1 because_CS they_PPHS2 still_RR have_VH0 insufficient_JJ options_NN2 for_IF assertive_JJ action_NN1 in_II society_NN ,_, and_CC thus_RR their_APPGE stresses_NN2 build_VV0 up_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL Women_NN2 of_IO colour_NN1 and_CC working_JJ class_NN1 women_NN2 ,_, who_PNQS have_VH0 least_DAT opportunities_NN2 for_IF assertive_JJ action_NN1 ,_, have_VH0 very_RG high_JJ rates_NN2 of_IO smoking_VVG ._. ^ ^_NULL All_DB women_NN2 have_VH0 fewer_DAR acceptable_JJ ways_NN2 apart_II21 from_II22 smoking_VVG to_TO relieve_VVI stress_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Bobbi_NP1 Jacobsen_NP1 in_II *1_NULL The_AT Ladykillers_NN2 ,_, *0_NULL pointed_VVD out_RP that_CST many_DA2 of_IO the_AT factors_NN2 which_DDQ combine_VV0 to_TO produce_VVI a_AT1 successful_JJ male_JJ ex-smoker_NN1 ,_, like_II marriage_NN1 and_CC parenthood_NN1 ,_, have_VH0 precisely_RR the_AT opposite_JJ effect_NN1 on_II women_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Vicki_NP1 Grace_NP1 's_GE research_NN1 in_II Aotearoa_NP1 demonstrated_VVD that_CST the_AT education_NN1 of_IO women_NN2 ,_, particularly_RR working_JJ class_NN1 and_CC Maori_NP1 and_CC Polynesian_JJ women_NN2 ,_, regarding_II the_AT health_NN1 benefits_NN2 of_IO quitting_NN1 is_VBZ inadequate_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Perhaps_RR health_NN1 educators_NN2 consider_VV0 women_NN2 's_GE lives_NN2 are_VBR not_XX important_JJ ?_? ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 research_NN1 concluded_VVD that_CST current_JJ smoking-related_JJ education_NN1 programmes_NN2 need_VV0 to_TO be_VBI assessed_VVN for_IF their_APPGE role_NN1 in_II affecting_VVG **[_NULL sic_RR **]_NULL behaviour_NN1 changes_NN2 and_CC the_AT onset_NN1 of_IO smoking_VVG among_II young_JJ women_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Consumer_NN1 groups_NN2 ,_, particularly_RR women_NN2 's_GE groups_NN2 and_CC organisations_NN2 like_II the_AT new_JJ Standing_NN1 Committee_NNJ on_II Women_NN2 's_GE Health_NN1 ,_, must_VM be_VBI given_VVN power_NN1 to_TO counteract_VVI the_AT very_RG powerful_JJ tobacco_NN1 company_NN1 lobby_NN1 over_II the_AT content_NN1 and_CC placement_NN1 of_IO cigarette_NN1 advertisements_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT role_NN1 of_IO parents_NN2 and_CC friends_NN2 as_CSA models_NN2 in_II aiding_VVG smoking_JJ initiation_NN1 is_VBZ pointed_VVN out_RP again_RT and_CC again_RT in_II research_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Parents_NN2 often_RR do_VD0 n't_XX realise_VVI the_AT impact_NN1 to_II their_APPGE children_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 non-smoking_JJ model_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL However_RR ,_, if_CS stress_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 crucial_JJ factor_NN1 in_II why_RRQ women_NN2 continue_VV0 to_TO smoke_VVI ,_, it_PPH1 will_VM not_XX be_VBI enough_RR to_TO control_VVI the_AT tobacco_NN1 companies_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 are_VBR only_RR exploiting_VVG an_AT1 existing_JJ situation_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Cigarettes_NN2 trigger_VV0 the_AT production_NN1 of_IO substances_NN2 in_II our_APPGE brain_NN1 known_VVN as_II the_AT B-endorphins_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL These_DD2 are_VBR a_AT1 natural_JJ morphine_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Some_DD researchers_NN2 ,_, like_II Peter_NP1 Taylor_NP1 ,_, believe_VV0 there_RL is_VBZ a_AT1 conspiracy_NN1 between_II tobacco_NN1 companies_NN2 and_CC governments_NNJ2 to_TO increase_VVI the_AT number_NN1 of_IO smokers_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL After_II all_DB ,_, people_NN who_PNQS ease_VV0 their_APPGE stress_NN1 with_IW cigarettes_NN2 are_VBR less_RGR likely_JJ to_TO challenge_VVI the_AT status_NN121 quo_NN122 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL We_PPIS2 need_VV0 to_TO work_VVI on_II ways_NN2 of_IO relieving_VVG the_AT stress_NN1 powerless_JJ people_NN *-_- women_NN2 ,_, people_NN of_IO colour_NN1 ,_, lesbian_JJ and_CC working_JJ class_NN1 *-_- experience_NN1 ,_, by_II making_VVG it_PPH1 possible_JJ for_IF them_PPHO2 to_TO reach_VVI resources_NN2 and_CC find_VVI their_APPGE own_DA power_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL As_RR21 well_RR22 ,_, we_PPIS2 need_VV0 to_TO lobby_VVI to_TO give_VVI women_NN2 and_CC other_JJ powerless_JJ people_NN options_NN2 for_IF dealing_VVG with_IW accidents_NN2 and_CC other_JJ unavoidable_JJ stresses_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 might_VM include_VVI ,_, for_IF women_NN2 ,_, greater_JJR acknowledgement_NN1 of_IO women_NN2 's_GE sports_NN2 through_II better_JJR funding_NN1 and_CC more_DAR publicity_NN1 (_( maybe_RR placards_NN2 outside_II {_NULL TVNZ_NP }_NULL :_: netball_NN1 ,_, less_DAR rugby_NN1 !_! )_) ;_; development_NN1 of_IO social_JJ support_NN1 networks_NN2 and_CC groups_NN2 ,_, particularly_RR in_II isolated_JJ rural_JJ and_CC poorly_RR serviced_VVD urban_JJ areas_NN2 ;_; and_CC the_AT development_NN1 of_IO women_NN2 's_GE creativity_NN1 by_II support_NN1 and_CC funding_VVG for_IF women_NN2 's_GE art_NN1 ,_, writing_VVG ,_, music_NN1 and_CC dance_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 would_VM like_VVI to_TO see_VVI women_NN2 's_GE health_NN1 groups_NN2 organise_VV0 seminars_NN2 and_CC workshops_NN2 to_TO help_VVI women_NN2 become_VVI aware_JJ of_IO the_AT manipulative_JJ tactics_NN2 of_IO the_AT tobacco_NN1 industry_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL None_PN of_IO the_AT above_JJ really_RR helps_VVZ the_AT individual_JJ woman_NN1 smoker_NN1 who_PNQS would_VM like_VVI to_TO quit_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL People_NN say_VV0 *"_" ^_NULL Well_RR ,_, I_PPIS1 quit_VVD for_IF four_MC weeks_NNT2 then_RT someone_PN1 offered_VVD me_PPIO1 a_AT1 cigarette_NN1 at_II a_AT1 party_NN and_CC I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ on_II 25_MC a_AT1 day_NNT1 **"_" ,_, or_CC *"_" ^_NULL I_PPIS1 stopped_VVD for_IF six_MC months_NNT2 and_CC then_RT my_APPGE relationship_NN1 went_VVD sour_JJ and_CC I_PPIS1 found_VVD myself_PPX1 smoking_VVG again_RT **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL Research_NN1 shows_VVZ that_CST women_NN2 have_VH0 greater_JJR difficulty_NN1 in_II maintaining_VVG non-smoking_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Maybe_RR stress_NN1 is_VBZ again_RT a_AT1 factor_NN1 ,_, although_CS in_II the_AT time_NNT1 I_PPIS1 have_VH0 been_VBN involved_JJ in_II stop-smoking_JJ work_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 have_VH0 heard_VVN stories_NN2 about_II men_NN2 and_CC male_JJ partners_NN2 trying_VVG to_TO persuade_VVI non-smoking_JJ women_NN2 to_TO begin_VVI again_RT ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II one_MC1 case_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 woman_NN1 's_VBZ boyfriend_NN1 tore_VVD up_RP all_DB the_AT material_NN1 she_PPHS1 had_VHD been_VBN given_VVN in_II her_APPGE stop_NN1 smoking_VVG group_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 left_VVD the_AT group_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL Women_NN2 do_VD0 want_VVI to_TO quit_VVI ;_; 80_MC percent_NNU of_IO callers_NN2 asking_VVG about_II our_APPGE groups_NN2 in_II West_NP Auckland_NP1 have_VH0 been_VBN women_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT majority_NN of_IO these_DD2 came_VVD from_II less_RGR affluent_JJ areas_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL From_RR41 time_RR42 to_RR43 time_RR44 a_AT1 miracle_NN1 cure_NN1 for_IF smoking_VVG hits_VVZ the_AT market_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT last_MD few_DA2 months_NNT2 ,_, this_DD1 has_VHZ been_VBN the_AT nicotine_NN1 chewing_NN1 gum_NN1 called_VVN Nicorette_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT blurbs_NN2 from_II Reckitt_NP1 and_CC Colman_NP1 ,_, the_AT marketers_NN2 ,_, laud_NN1 the_AT product_NN1 as_II the_AT final_JJ answer_NN1 to_II stopping_VVG smoking_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 looked_VVD up_RP the_AT academic_JJ paper_NN1 quoted_VVN in_II the_AT blurbs_NN2 to_TO support_VVI the_AT claims_NN2 of_IO the_AT producer_NN1 company_NN1 ,_, Merrell-Dow_NP1 ,_, and_CC found_VVD not_XX only_JJ inconsistencies_NN2 between_II data_NN in_II the_AT paper_NN1 and_CC the_AT drug_NN1 company_NN1 's_VHZ claims_NN2 ,_, but_CCB several_DA2 points_NN2 of_IO doubtful_JJ research_NN1 methodology_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Nicorette_NP1 has_VHZ been_VBN classed_VVN as_II a_AT1 non-prescriptive_JJ drug_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 can_VM be_VBI sold_VVN over_II the_AT counter_NN1 by_II chemists_NN2 with_IW only_RR an_AT1 accompanying_JJ leaflet_NN1 to_II both_DB2 warn_VV0 and_CC help_VV0 the_AT would-be_JJ ex-smoker_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Although_CS Reckitt_NP1 and_CC Colman_NP1 was_VBDZ willing_JJ to_TO incorporate_VVI some_DD changes_NN2 I_PPIS1 suggested_VVD in_II their_APPGE leaflet_NN1 ,_, efforts_NN2 to_TO have_VHI the_AT drug_NN1 classed_VVN as_II a_AT1 prescription_NN1 drug_NN1 were_VBDR unsuccessful_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Despite_II company_NN1 assurance_NN1 that_CST children_NN2 would_VM not_XX like_VVI the_AT spearmint_NN1 flavoured_VVD optional_JJ resin_NN1 ,_, as_II a_AT1 non-prescription_JJ drug_NN1 there_EX is_VBZ the_AT possibility_NN1 of_IO incautious_JJ storing_NN1 at_II home_NN1 ,_, so_CS it_PPH1 is_VBZ accessible_JJ to_II children_NN2 who_PNQS may_VM experiment_VVI ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Nicotine_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 toxic_JJ substance_NN1 as_CC31 well_CC32 as_CC33 addictive_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II very_RG small_JJ print_NN1 on_II the_AT accompanying_JJ overseas_JJ leaflet_NN1 it_PPH1 is_VBZ suggested_VVN that_CST certain_JJ people_NN should_VM n't_XX use_VVI the_AT drug_NN1 ,_, including_II pregnant_JJ women_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT suggestions_NN2 may_VM give_VVI an_AT1 idea_NN1 of_IO the_AT effort_NN1 required_VVD to_TO break_VVI the_AT psychological_JJ habit_NN1 especially_RR for_IF those_DD2 who_PNQS smoke_VV0 to_TO reduce_VVI stress_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL However_RR ,_, articles_NN2 about_II the_AT product_NN1 in_II the_AT media_NN downplay_VV0 the_AT difficulty_NN1 of_IO maintaining_VVG non-smoking_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT people_NN for_IF whom_PNQO Nicorette_NP1 would_VM be_VBI harmful_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 am_VBM very_RG suspicious_JJ of_IO the_AT concept_NN1 that_CST a_AT1 replacement_NN1 drug_NN1 will_VM help_VVI kick_NN1 a_AT1 habit_NN1 ;_; Methadone-maintenance_NN1 has_VHZ not_XX proved_VVN the_AT answer_NN1 to_II heroin_NN1 addiction_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Some_DD researchers_NN2 are_VBR convinced_VVN that_DD1 nicotine_NN1 is_VBZ many_DA2 times_NNT2 more_RRR addictive_JJ than_CSN heroin_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 believe_VV0 women_NN2 smokers_NN2 who_PNQS want_VV0 to_TO quit_VVI may_VM have_VHI special_JJ needs_NN2 which_DDQ can_VM be_VBI served_VVN best_RRT in_II groups_NN2 and_CC programmes_NN2 that_CST are_VBR especially_RR designed_VVN for_IF the_AT woman_NN1 smoker_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Such_DA groups_NN2 ,_, based_VVN around_II neighbourhoods_NN2 or_CC work_NN1 places_NN2 could_VM be_VBI ex-smoker_JJ or_CC self-led_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Individual_JJ women_NN2 might_VM benefit_VVI from_II cautious_JJ use_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 nicotine_NN1 chewing_NN1 gum_NN1 within_II such_DA groups_NN2 when_RRQ the_AT programme_NN1 aims_VVZ to_TO give_VVI women_NN2 a_AT1 sense_NN1 of_IO control_NN1 over_II their_APPGE lives_NN2 as_CC31 well_CC32 as_CC33 work_NN1 on_II body_NN1 image_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT possibility_NN1 of_IO weight_NN1 gain_NN1 often_RR worries_VVZ the_AT woman_NN1 ex-smoker_NN1 ,_, and_CC **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL those_DD2 wanting_VVG to_TO quit_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL Many_DA2 women_NN2 who_PNQS give_VV0 up_RP do_VD0 n't_XX put_VVI on_II weight_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT average_JJ weight_NN1 gain_NN1 is_VBZ 3.6_MC \_NULL kg_NNU ,_, which_DDQ stabilises_VVZ three_MC months_NNT2 after_II quitting_VVG ._. ^ ^_NULL Pakeha_NP1 society_NN has_VHZ forced_VVN women_NN2 to_TO place_VVI a_AT1 greater_JJR value_NN1 on_II their_APPGE slimness_NN1 now_RT ,_, rather_II21 than_II22 their_APPGE ill_JJ health_NN1 in_II the_AT future_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL So_RR feeling_VVG positive_JJ about_II our_APPGE bodies_NN2 is_VBZ an_AT1 important_JJ part_NN1 of_IO a_ZZ1 stop_VV0 smoking_JJ group_NN for_IF women_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT most_RGT important_JJ resource_NN1 for_IF the_AT woman_NN1 trying_VVG to_TO maintain_VVI non-smoking_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO work_VVI on_II an_AT1 alternative_JJ stress_NN1 reliever_VV0 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ chemical_JJ evidence_NN1 to_TO suggest_VVI that_CST a_AT1 smoker_NN1 damages_VVZ the_AT natural_JJ stress_NN1 defences_NN2 ,_, thus_RR becoming_VVG stress-disabled_JJ and_CC more_DAR nicotine_NN1 dependent_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL An_AT1 ex-smoker_NN1 who_PNQS smoked_VVD to_TO relieve_VVI stress_NN1 has_VHZ to_TO learn_VVI other_JJ ways_NN2 of_IO handling_VVG stress_NN1 ,_, so_RG well_RR that_CST they_PPHS2 become_VV0 as_RG automatic_JJ as_CSA teeth_NN2 cleaning_VVG and_CC hair_NN1 combing_VVG ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 might_VM be_VBI any_DD activity_NN1 that_CST feels_VVZ good_JJ for_IF her_PPHO1 ,_, and_CC is_VBZ appropriate_JJ to_II her_APPGE means_NN and_CC lifestyle_NN1 :_: a_AT1 warm_JJ bath_NN1 or_CC shower_NN1 ,_, several_DA2 laps_NN2 of_IO the_AT local_JJ pool_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 periodic_JJ sauna_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 daily_JJ run_NN1 on_II the_AT beach_NN1 or_CC local_JJ park_NN1 ,_, Tai_NN121 Chi_NN122 ,_, or_CC fifteen_MC minutes_NNT2 per_II day_NNT1 on_II a_AT1 rebounder_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *6_NULL GETTING_VVG AWAY_II21 FROM_II22 RACIST_JJ GUILT_NN1 *>_NULL ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Camille_NP1 Guy_NP1 gives_VVZ her_APPGE thoughts_NN2 about_II new_JJ directions_NN2 for_IF feminist_NN1 anti-racism_NN1 ._. ^ *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Sometimes_RT I_PPIS1 perceive_VV0 *1_NULL Broadsheet_NN1 *0_NULL as_CSA one_MC1 big_JJ splutter_NN1 of_IO outrage_NN1 and_CC righteous_JJ indignation_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ especially_RR apparent_JJ over_II the_AT issue_NN1 of_IO racism_NN1 ;_; liberal_JJ platitudes_NN2 ,_, guilt_NN1 tripping_VVG ,_, confession_NN1 and_CC atonement_NN1 seem_VV0 too_RG often_RR to_TO constitute_VVI white_JJ feminist_NN1 anti-racist_JJ practice_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 think_VV0 the_AT limitations_NN2 of_IO radical_JJ feminist_NN1 analysis_NN1 make_VV0 this_DD1 situation_NN1 inevitable_JJ ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 239+TEXT+G52_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *6_NULL OUR_APPGE *4_NULL active_JJ opposition_NN1 to_II pornography_NN1 lies_VVZ in_II two_MC main_JJ areas_NN2 :_: *0_NULL its_APPGE production_NN1 and_CC its_APPGE consumption_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT act_NN1 of_IO making_VVG pornography_NN1 automatically_RR involves_VVZ the_AT exploitation_NN1 of_IO women_NN2 and_CC children_NN2 ,_, whether_CSW this_DD1 is_VBZ through_II direct_JJ victimisation_NN1 (_( from_II objectification_NN1 in_II pin-ups_NN2 to_II more_RGR overt_JJ abuse_NN1 in_II hard-core_JJ pornography_NN1 ;_; physically_RR forcing_VVG models_NN2 to_TO take_VVI part_NN1 )_) or_CC more_RGR indirect_JJ oppression_NN1 (_( lack_NN1 of_IO any_DD other_JJ economic_JJ options_NN2 ,_, linking_VVG in_RP with_IW women_NN2 's_GE already_RR low_JJ self-image_NN1 and_CC self_NN1 worth_NN1 )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL If_CS we_PPIS2 wanted_VVD to_TO use_VVI a_AT1 marxist_NN1 analysis_NN1 we_PPIS2 could_VM say_VVI that_DD1 pornography_NN1 represents_VVZ the_AT ultimate_JJ form_NN1 of_IO worker_NN1 alienation_NN1 ;_; through_II the_AT production_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 object_NN1 which_DDQ is_VBZ labelled_VVN as_II a_AT1 representation_NN1 of_IO herself_PPX1 which_DDQ men_NN2 will_VM consume_VVI ,_, the_AT woman_NN1 worker_NN1 is_VBZ alienated_VVN from_II her_APPGE labour_NN1 ,_, from_II the_AT product_NN1 of_IO her_APPGE labour_NN1 and_CC ultimately_RR from_II herself_PPX1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Linda_NP1 Marchiano_NP1 (_( pornography_NN1 name_NN1 Linda_NP1 Lovelace_NP1 )_) has_VHZ described_VVN in_II the_AT book_NN1 ,_, *1_NULL Ordeal_NN1 ,_, *0_NULL (_( 1980_MC ,_, Citadel_NP1 Press_NNJ )_) how_RGQ in_RR21 public_RR22 she_PPHS1 was_VBDZ always_RR seen_VVN smiling_VVG and_CC defending_VVG her_APPGE *"_" choice_NN1 **"_" to_TO work_VVI in_II pornography_NN1 ;_; in_RR21 private_RR22 she_PPHS1 was_VBDZ drugged_VVN ,_, beaten_VVN ,_, sexually_RR abused_VVD and_CC kept_VVN in_II captivity_NN1 by_II her_APPGE husband/_FO manager_NN1 ,_, Chuck_NP1 Traynor_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 see_VV0 the_AT involvement_NN1 of_IO women_NN2 in_II pornography_NN1 as_CSA being_VBG similar_JJ to_II the_AT participation_NN1 of_IO women_NN2 at_II the_AT milder_JJR end_NN1 of_IO the_AT continuum_NN1 ,_, beauty_NN1 contests_NN2 ,_, and_CC believe_VV0 that_CST in_II male-dominated_JJ society_NN which_DDQ reinforces_VVZ and_CC indoctrinates_VVZ the_AT ideals_NN2 of_IO femininity_NN1 an_AT1 uninfluenced_JJ choice_NN1 is_VBZ impossible_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 parallels_VVZ the_AT feminist_NN1 view_NN1 that_DD1 prostitution_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 form_NN1 of_IO exploitation_NN1 of_IO women_NN2 ,_, and_CC as_CSA with_IW prostitution_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 put_VV0 the_AT responsibility_NN1 for_IF such_DA oppression_NN1 on_II the_AT men_NN2 who_PNQS create_VV0 the_AT demand_NN1 for_IF such_DA a_AT1 *"_" service_NN1 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT production_NN1 of_IO pornography_NN1 involving_VVG women_NN2 and_CC children_NN2 does_VDZ violence_NN1 to_II them_PPHO2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT second_MD area_NN1 involves_VVZ the_AT reason_NN1 for_IF producing_VVG pornography_NN1 :_: male_JJ sexual_JJ stimulation_NN1 and_CC the_AT reinforcement_NN1 of_IO male_JJ power_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Quite_RG simple_JJ **[_NULL sic_RR **]_NULL ,_, pornography_NN1 is_VBZ extremely_RR widespread_JJ and_CC almost_RR all-pervasive_JJ because_CS it_PPH1 sells_VVZ :_: itself_PPX1 *-_- in_II the_AT case_NN1 of_IO videos_NN2 ,_, books_NN2 ,_, magazines_NN2 ,_, films_NN2 ,_, live_JJ shows_NN2 and_RR31 so_RR32 on_RR33 ;_; and_CC other_JJ products_NN2 *-_- in_II the_AT case_NN1 of_IO pornographic_JJ advertising_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Main-stream_JJ pornography_NN1 has_VHZ become_VVN increasingly_RR violent_JJ and_CC overtly_RR sadistic_JJ ,_, and_CC has_VHZ broken_VVN new_JJ *"_" taboos_NN2 **"_" such_II21 as_II22 the_AT use_NN1 of_IO child_NN1 models_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 ,_, combined_VVD with_IW the_AT evidence_NN1 of_IO over_RG 3000_MC media_NN studies_NN2 goes_VVZ directly_RR against_II both_DB2 the_AT view_NN1 that_DD1 pornography_NN1 acts_VVZ as_II an_AT1 outlet_NN1 for_IF men_NN2 's_GE sexual_JJ *"_" frustration_NN1 **"_" or_CC *"_" aggression_NN1 **"_" (_( the_AT so-called_JJ catharsis_NN1 model_NN1 )_) ,_, and_CC the_AT view_NN1 that_CST it_PPH1 has_VHZ no_AT effect_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ ironic_JJ that_CST in_II this_DD1 area_NN1 more_RRR than_CSN any_DD other_JJ feminists_NN2 have_VH0 joined_VVN the_AT call_NN1 for_IF proof_NN1 of_IO harm_NN1 or_CC have_VH0 challenged_VVN the_AT research_NN1 when_CS this_DD1 is_VBZ normally_RR the_AT province_NN1 of_IO the_AT male_JJ liberal_JJ *-_- and_CC this_DD1 apart_II21 from_II22 the_AT fact_NN1 that_CST common_JJ sense_NN1 tells_VVZ us_PPIO2 from_II viewing_VVG pornography_NN1 that_CST it_PPH1 is_VBZ hate_JJ propaganda_NN1 and_CC hate_JJ propaganda_NN1 must_VM be_VBI dangerous_JJ for_IF the_AT vulnerable_JJ target_NN1 group_NN (_( something_PN1 we_PPIS2 acknowledge_VV0 in_II the_AT Race_NN1 Relations_NN2 Act_VV0 without_IW demands_NN2 for_IF stringent_JJ proof_NN1 )_) ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL We_PPIS2 find_VV0 it_PPH1 insulting_JJ that_CST feminists_NN2 critical_JJ of_IO our_APPGE approach_NN1 to_II the_AT issue_NN1 have_VH0 made_VVN quite_RG simplistic_JJ and_CC erroneous_JJ statements_NN2 about_II our_APPGE philosophy_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 suggest_VV0 that_CST we_PPIS2 think_VV0 of_IO the_AT slogan_NN1 *"_" pornography_NN1 causes_NN2 rape_VV0 **"_" in_II the_AT literal_JJ sense_NN1 that_CST every_AT1 man_NN1 who_PNQS reads_VVZ pornography_NN1 is_VBZ going_VVG to_TO immediately_RR translate_VVI those_DD2 attitudes_NN2 into_II rape_NN1 ,_, and_CC that_CST we_PPIS2 are_VBR barking_VVG up_RP the_AT wrong_JJ tree_NN1 because_CS we_PPIS2 think_VV0 if_CS we_PPIS2 remove_VV0 pornography_NN1 we_PPIS2 will_VM get_VVI rid_VVN of_IO violence_NN1 against_II women_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II reality_NN1 (_( they_PPHS2 say_VV0 )_) pornography_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 symptom_NN1 ,_, not_XX a_AT1 cause_NN1 ,_, of_IO women_NN2 's_GE oppression_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL On_II the_AT contrary_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 believe_VV0 it_PPH1 is_VBZ both_RR a_AT1 symptom_NN1 *1_NULL and_CC *0_NULL a_AT1 cause_NN1 ,_, therefore_RR the_AT enormous_JJ and_CC apparently_RR unending_JJ task_NN1 of_IO getting_VVG rid_VVN of_IO pornography_NN1 will_VM only_RR be_VBI accomplished_VVN when_RRQ other_JJ attitudes_NN2 and_CC factors_NN2 in_II violence_NN1 against_II women_NN2 are_VBR changed_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL Speaking_VVG out_RP against_II pornography_NN1 and_CC making_VVG these_DD2 links_NN2 to_II other_JJ violence_NN1 against_II women_NN2 is_VBZ therefore_RR important_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL As_II a_AT1 parallel_NN1 ,_, anti-Jewish_JJ propaganda_NN1 was_VBDZ not_XX solely_RR responsible_JJ for_IF the_AT deaths_NN2 of_IO 6_MC million_NNO Jews_NN2 ,_, but_CCB it_PPH1 made_VVD Hitler_NP1 's_GE plan_NN1 a_RR21 lot_RR22 easier_RRR to_TO carry_VVI out_RP ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Whatever_DDQV feminist_NN1 objections_NN2 to_II male-dominated_JJ scientific_JJ thought_NN1 ,_, the_AT overwhelming_JJ weight_NN1 of_IO research_NN1 which_DDQ can_VM not_XX be_VBI discounted_JJ links_NN pornography_NN1 like_II Playboy_NP1 ,_, Penthouse_NP1 and_CC Electric_JJ Blue_JJ videos_NN2 with_IW attitudes_NN2 which_DDQ view_NN1 women_NN2 as_CSA less_DAR than_CSN human_JJ ,_, callousness_NN1 towards_II violence_NN1 against_II women_NN2 ,_, and_CC myths_NN2 about_II female_JJ sexuality_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Some_DD of_IO these_DD2 attitudes_NN2 can_VM be_VBI translated_VVN into_II behaviour_NN1 ,_, whether_CSW it_PPH1 is_VBZ wolfwhistling_VVG at_II a_AT1 woman_NN1 from_II a_AT1 building_NN1 site_NN1 or_CC actually_RR copying_VVG methods_NN2 of_IO torture_NN1 from_II hard-core_JJ pornography_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_RL21 between_RL22 the_AT two_MC ends_NN2 of_IO the_AT spectrum_NN1 are_VBR the_AT 1001_MC ways_NN2 in_II which_DDQ men_NN2 put_VVD us_PPIO2 down_RP and_CC abuse_NN1 us_PPIO2 ,_, from_II the_AT lawyer_NN1 at_II a_AT1 rape_NN1 trial_NN1 claiming_VVG the_AT survivor_NN1 *"_" was_VBDZ n't_XX hurt_VVN **"_" to_II the_AT lack_NN1 of_IO community_NNJ support_VV0 for_IF battered_JJ women_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Content_JJ analyses_NN2 of_IO pornography_NN1 show_VV0 how_RRQ these_DD2 attitudes_NN2 are_VBR promoted_VVN and_CC reinforced_VVN ,_, not_XX only_RR in_II men_NN2 but_CCB by_II encouraging_VVG a_AT1 victim_NN1 mentality_NN1 in_II women_NN2 *-_- we_PPIS2 become_VV0 more_RRR frightened_VVD when_CS constantly_RR surrounded_VVD by_II images_NN2 of_IO women_NN2 as_CSA helpless_JJ targets_NN2 or_CC seductive_JJ bitches_NN2 who_PNQS deserve_VV0 all_DB they_PPHS2 get_VV0 ._. ^ ^_NULL Pornography_NP1 therefore_RR helps_VVZ to_TO keep_VVI us_PPIO2 where_RRQ men_NN2 want_VV0 us_PPIO2 *-_- afraid_JJ to_TO go_VVI out_RP at_II night_NNT1 ,_, alienated_VVD in_II many_DA2 work_NN1 environments_NN2 and_CC limited_VVN in_II our_APPGE lives_NN2 in_II countless_JJ ways_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT selective_JJ targeting_NN1 of_IO particular_JJ groups_NN2 of_IO women_NN2 in_II pornography_NN1 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 lesbians_NN2 and_CC black_JJ women_NN2 ,_, is_VBZ also_RR no_AT coincidence_NN1 ,_, and_CC therefore_RR to_TO oppose_VVI the_AT *"_" right_NN **"_" of_IO fascists_NN2 to_TO speak_VVI ,_, whether_CSW it_PPH1 is_VBZ homophobia_NN1 or_CC racism_NN1 or_CC classism_NN1 ,_, and_CC not_XX to_TO actively_RR oppose_VVI pornography_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 massive_JJ contradiction_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Or_CC do_VD0 we_PPIS2 end_VVI up_RP with_IW a_AT1 ludicrous_JJ situation_NN1 where_RRQ for_IF other_JJ reasons_NN2 we_PPIS2 oppose_VV0 in_II law_NN1 pornography_NN1 which_DDQ targets_VVZ those_DD2 particular_JJ groups_NN2 and_CC let_VVD less_RGR overt_JJ material_NN1 which_DDQ apparently_RR targets_VVZ white_JJ heterosexual_JJ women_NN2 who_PNQS are_VBR n't_XX obviously_RR in_II pain_NN1 or_CC under_II a_AT1 certain_JJ age_NN1 go_VV0 unchallenged_JJ ?_? ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 find_VV0 it_PPH1 disturbing_JJ as_II a_AT1 lesbian_NN1 ,_, and_CC therefore_RR outside_II the_AT institution_NN1 of_IO heterosexuality_NN1 ,_, that_CST so_RG many_DA2 apparently_RR progressive_JJ people_NN ,_, including_II some_DD feminists_NN2 ,_, find_VV0 the_AT distinction_NN1 between_II erotica_NN2 and_CC pornography_NN1 so_RG hard_RR to_TO draw_VVI that_DD1 to_TO save_VVI what_DDQ they_PPHS2 feel_VV0 are_VBR positive_JJ representations_NN2 of_IO their_APPGE sexuality_NN1 they_PPHS2 prefer_VV0 not_XX to_TO make_VVI a_AT1 decision_NN1 on_II outlawing_VVG pornography_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 frequent_JJ concensus_NN1 in_II workshops_NN2 has_VHZ been_VBN that_CST in_II any_DD case_NN1 ,_, in_II a_AT1 world_NN1 where_RRQ pornography_NN1 is_VBZ all-pervasive_JJ ,_, even_RR erotica_NN2 becomes_VVZ tainted_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Identifying_VVG general_JJ violence_NN1 on_II television_NN1 does_VDZ not_XX seem_VVI to_TO pose_VVI the_AT same_DA problem_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 large_JJ body_NN1 of_IO public_JJ opinion_NN1 would_VM agree_VVI that_CST it_PPH1 does_VDZ damage_VVI ,_, yet_RR extend_VV0 that_DD1 concept_NN1 to_II women_NN2 and_CC it_PPH1 becomes_VVZ *"_" sex_NN1 ._. **"_" ^ *<_NULL *6_NULL WHY_RRQ WE_PPIS2 WANT_VV0 LEGAL_JJ CHANGE_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL {_NULL WAP_NN1 }_NULL *4_NULL has_VHZ always_RR had_VHN a_AT1 double-threaded_JJ strategy_NN1 *0_NULL with_IW the_AT two_MC parts_NN2 separate_VV0 but_II reinforcing_VVG each_PPX221 other_PPX222 ._. ^ ^_NULL On_II the_AT one_MC1 hand_NN1 ,_, raising_VVG public_JJ awareness_NN1 about_II the_AT nature_NN1 and_CC prevalance_NN1 of_IO pornography_NN1 is_VBZ important_JJ ,_, whether_CSW this_DD1 is_VBZ done_VDN through_II consciousness-raising_JJ groups_NN2 of_IO women_NN2 or_CC through_II the_AT national_JJ media_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB as_CSA we_PPIS2 also_RR see_VV0 the_AT right_NN of_IO women_NN2 to_TO be_VBI free_JJ from_II pornography_NN1 as_II a_AT1 basic_JJ human_JJ right_NN1 ,_, just_RR as_CSA the_AT freedom_NN1 of_IO all_DB groups_NN2 from_II persecution_NN1 and_CC discrimination_NN1 is_VBZ fundamental_JJ ,_, we_PPIS2 believe_VV0 that_CST the_AT law_NN1 should_VM express_VVI this_DD1 principle_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 are_VBR not_XX naive_JJ enough_RR to_TO think_VVI that_DD1 achieving_JJ legal_JJ change_NN1 will_VM automatically_RR remove_VVI all_DB pornography_NN1 ,_, but_CCB it_PPH1 is_VBZ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL important_JJ to_TO state_VVI the_AT concept_NN1 that_DD1 pornography_NN1 is_VBZ harmful_JJ to_II women_NN2 and_CC children_NN2 and_CC its_APPGE production_NN1 and_CC consumption_NN1 should_VM not_XX be_VBI condoned_VVN in_II any_DD society_NN which_DDQ claims_VVZ to_TO protect_VVI human_JJ rights_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 are_VBR aware_JJ of_IO the_AT arguments_NN2 that_CST aiming_VVG for_IF law_NN1 change_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 reformist_NN1 measure_NN1 ,_, but_CCB to_II single_JJ out_II pornography_NN1 in_II this_DD1 area_NN1 ignores_VVZ other_JJ similar_JJ legislative_JJ attempts_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 homosexual_JJ law_NN1 reform_NN1 and_CC the_AT Race_NN1 Relations_NN2 Act_VV0 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ also_RR no_RR getting_VVG around_II the_AT fact_NN1 that_DD1 pornography_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 multi-billion_NNO dollar_NNU1 capitalist_NN1 industry_NN1 ,_, and_CC that_DD1 waiting_NN1 for_IF those_DD2 who_PNQS profit_VV0 from_II its_APPGE production_NN1 to_TO be_VBI influenced_VVN by_II public_JJ education_NN1 without_IW associated_JJ legal_JJ and_CC economic_JJ pressure_NN1 being_VBG applied_VVN would_VM be_VBI totally_RR futile_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL To_TO call_VVI for_IF the_AT outlawing_NN1 of_IO pornography_NN1 means_VVZ to_TO call_VVI for_IF a_AT1 change_NN1 in_II the_AT structures_NN2 which_DDQ make_VV0 decisions_NN2 on_II what_DDQ material_NN1 is_VBZ pornographic_JJ or_CC what_DDQ action_NN1 is_VBZ taken_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL Thus_RR part_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE legal_JJ strategy_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO call_VVI for_IF those_DD2 directly_RR targeted_VVD by_II pornography_NN1 ,_, women_NN2 ,_, to_TO be_VBI the_AT ones_NN2 who_PNQS make_VV0 such_DA decisions_NN2 based_VVN on_II a_AT1 feminist_NN1 analysis_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ also_RR important_JJ that_CST the_AT laws_NN2 themselves_PPX2 focus_NN1 on_II the_AT damage_NN1 done_VDN to_II women_NN2 and_CC the_AT links_NN between_II pornography_NN1 and_CC other_JJ violence_NN1 against_II us_PPIO2 ;_; therefore_RR for_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, a_AT1 feminist_NN1 legal_JJ approach_NN1 seeks_VVZ to_TO target_VVI the_AT producers_NN2 and_CC consumers_NN2 ,_, not_XX the_AT women_NN2 *"_" participants_NN2 **"_" ,_, and_CC includes_VVZ an_AT1 avenue_NN1 of_IO compensation_NN1 for_IF women_NN2 claiming_VVG damages_NN2 from_II the_AT industry_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL We_PPIS2 do_VD0 not_XX deny_VVI that_DD1 lobbying_NN1 for_IF legal_JJ change_NN1 in_II an_AT1 area_NN1 which_DDQ is_VBZ commonly_RR confused_VVN with_IW erotica_NN2 and_CC neutral_JJ sexually_RR explicit_JJ material_NN1 carries_VVZ a_AT1 certain_JJ amount_NN1 of_IO risk_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL That_DD1 is_VBZ where_RRQ a_AT1 parallel_JJ strategy_NN1 of_IO public_JJ education_NN1 is_VBZ important_JJ ,_, and_CC that_CST in_II turn_NN1 influences_VVZ attitudes_NN2 to_II law_NN1 change_NN1 ,_, whether_CSW through_II workshops_NN2 ,_, sticker_NN1 campaigns_NN2 ,_, marches_NN2 or_CC the_AT activities_NN2 of_IO the_AT Wimmin_NN1 's_VBZ Fire_NN1 Brigade_NNJ ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT danger_NN1 of_IO misuse_NN1 is_VBZ also_RR not_XX confined_VVN to_II anti-pornography_JJ laws_NN2 *-_- for_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, the_AT Race_NN1 Relations_NN2 Act_VV0 in_II the_AT hands_NN2 of_IO the_AT League_NNJ of_IO Rights_NN2 could_VM easily_RR be_VBI deliberately_RR misinterpreted_VVN against_II the_AT Maori_JJ sovereignty_NN1 movement_NN1 ;_; nevertheless_RR ,_, the_AT importance_NN1 of_IO stating_VVG that_DD1 racist_NN1 material_NN1 is_VBZ unacceptable_JJ far_RR outweighs_VVZ this_DD1 risk_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Indeed_RR ,_, how_RRQ can_VM we_PPIS2 not_XX have_VHI laws_NN2 which_DDQ condemn_VV0 pornography_NN1 for_IF the_AT misogynist_NN1 propaganda_NN1 that_CST it_PPH1 is_VBZ ,_, when_CS finally_RR the_AT government_NN is_VBZ at_RR21 least_RR22 partly_RR funding_VVG women_NN2 's_GE refuges_NN2 and_CC rape_NN1 crisis_NN1 centres_NN2 ?_? ^ ^_NULL If_CS we_PPIS2 ,_, as_II an_AT1 anti-pornography_JJ movement_NN1 ,_, do_VD0 not_XX attempt_VVI to_TO infiltrate_VVI or_CC influence_VVI male_JJ power_NN1 structures_NN2 to_TO achieve_VVI legal_JJ change_NN1 while_CS also_RR organising_VVG more_RGR radical_JJ activities_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 run_VV0 the_AT risk_NN1 of_IO all_DB anti-pornography_JJ groups_NN2 *-_- eventual_JJ burnout_NN1 and_CC collapse_NN1 until_CS something_PN1 resurfaces_VVZ from_II the_AT ashes_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 simply_RR can_VM not_XX sustain_VVI a_AT1 purely_RR reactive_JJ approach_NN1 ,_, picketing_VVG every_AT1 live_JJ show_NN1 and_CC targeting_VVG every_AT1 film_NN1 without_IW setting_VVG our_APPGE opposition_NN1 in_II a_AT1 wider_JJR context_NN1 ,_, because_CS pornography_NN1 ,_, in_II its_APPGE increasing_JJ brutality_NN1 and_CC prevalence_NN1 ,_, will_VM win_VVI ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT major_JJ concern_NN1 expressed_VVN by_II some_DD feminists_NN2 is_VBZ that_CST it_PPH1 would_VM be_VBI our_APPGE material_NN1 which_DDQ would_VM be_VBI censored_VVN ;_; Lesbian_JJ erotica_NN2 ,_, debates_VVZ about_II {_NULL s-m_JJ }_NULL ,_, and_RR31 so_RR32 on_RR33 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT reality_NN1 is_VBZ that_CST if_CS men_NN2 in_II power_NN1 want_VV0 to_TO suppress_VVI our_APPGE literature_NN1 ,_, they_PPHS2 will_VM do_VDI so_RG regardless_RR of_IO whether_CSW their_APPGE *"_" right_NN1 **"_" to_TO do_VDI so_CS is_VBZ enshrined_VVN in_II law_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Minority_NP1 literature_NN1 has_VHZ always_RR survived_VVN largely_RR as_II an_AT1 underground_JJ movement_NN1 because_CS it_PPH1 is_VBZ conveniently_RR suppressed_VVN by_II the_AT authorities_NN2 in_II countless_JJ disguised_JJ ways_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Erotica_NN2 in_RR21 particular_RR22 is_VBZ often_RR produced_VVN and_CC distributed_VVN on_II a_AT1 very_RG personal_JJ level_NN1 rather_II21 than_II22 being_VBG mass-marketed_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Many_DA2 women_NN2 would_VM argue_VVI that_DD1 commercial_JJ distribution_NN1 of_IO erotica_NN2 makes_VVZ it_PPH1 no_RR21 longer_RR22 in_II that_DD1 category_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT lack_NN1 of_IO coverage_NN1 of_IO the_AT End_NN1 of_IO Decade_NNT1 conference_NN1 for_IF women_NN2 in_II Nairobi_NP1 is_VBZ just_RR one_MC1 example_NN1 of_IO the_AT informal_JJ selection_NN1 of_IO what_DDQ is_VBZ news_NN1 by_II and_CC for_IF the_AT boys_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL More_RGR recently_RR !_! ^ ^_NULL Andrea_NP1 Dworkin_NP1 was_VBDZ forced_VVN to_TO find_VVI a_AT1 publisher_NN1 for_IF her_APPGE new_JJ novel_NN1 outside_II the_AT {_NULL USA_NP }_NULL because_CS no_PN121 one_PN122 in_II her_APPGE country_NN1 would_VM print_VVI it_PPH1 *-_- not_XX just_RR for_IF reasons_NN2 of_IO content_NN1 ,_, but_CCB because_II21 of_II22 her_APPGE outspoken_JJ comments_NN2 against_II such_DA groups_NN2 as_II the_AT American_JJ Booksellers_NN2 Association_NNJ (_( Interview_NN1 in_II Women_NN2 's_GE Review_NN1 of_IO Books_NN2 ,_, May_NPM1 1986_MC )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL Do_VD0 we_PPIS2 stop_VVI speaking_VVG out_RP ,_, so_CS we_PPIS2 can_VM keep_VVI what_DDQ little_DA1 we_PPIS2 have_VH0 or_CC do_VD0 we_PPIS2 keep_VVI fighting_VVG both_RR for_IF the_AT outlawing_NN1 of_IO pornography_NN1 and_CC against_II the_AT censorship_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE material_NN1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 think_VV0 the_AT two_MC are_VBR not_XX only_RR compatible_JJ but_CCB an_AT1 important_JJ distinction_NN1 from_II the_AT moralist_NN1 line_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *6_NULL OPPOSING_VVG THE_AT MORAL_JJ RIGHT_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL THE_AT *4_NULL ultimate_JJ insult_NN1 to_II us_PPIO2 as_CSA feminists_NN2 *0_NULL fighting_VVG pornography_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO be_VBI labelled_VVN as_CSA puritan_JJ funspoilers_NN2 by_II other_JJ women_NN2 who_PNQS call_VV0 themselves_PPX2 feminists_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT fact_NN1 is_VBZ that_CST our_APPGE definitions_NN2 of_IO pornography_NN1 and_CC our_APPGE analysis_NN1 of_IO it_PPH1 are_VBR poles_NN2 apart_II21 from_II22 the_AT moralists_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ to_II those_DD2 who_PNQS do_VD0 not_XX see_VVI pornography_NN1 as_CSA being_VBG produced_VVN within_II a_AT1 rape_NN1 culture_NN1 that_CST we_PPIS2 need_VV0 to_TO address_VVI these_DD2 distinctions_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ where_RRQ public_JJ education_NN1 is_VBZ important_JJ *-_- publicity_NN1 and_CC activity_NN1 which_DDQ include_VV0 demands_NN2 for_IF sex_NN1 education_NN1 ,_, lesbian_JJ and_CC gay_JJ rights_NN2 ,_, abortion_NN1 on_II demand_NN1 ,_, equal_JJ economic_JJ opportunities_NN2 for_IF women_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Linking_VVG in_RP with_IW other_JJ progressive_JJ groups_NN2 and_CC speaking_VVG out_RP on_II other_JJ issues_NN2 here_RL is_VBZ important_JJ :_: for_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, Wellington_NP1 {_NULL WAP_NN1 }_NULL has_VHZ recently_RR formed_VVN a_AT1 lesbian_JJ caucus_NN1 and_CC has_VHZ been_VBN active_JJ over_II the_AT Homosexual_JJ Law_NN1 Reform_NN1 Bill_NP1 campaign_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL We_PPIS2 are_VBR aware_JJ that_CST we_PPIS2 must_VM watch_VVI the_AT danger_NN1 of_IO moralist_NN1 co-option_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE arguments_NN2 ,_, particularly_RR now_CS21 that_CS22 the_AT right_JJ wing_NN1 here_RL is_VBZ getting_VVG far_RG less_DAR media_NN coverage_VV0 over_II pornography_NN1 than_CSN it_PPH1 used_VVD to_RP since_II feminist_NN1 groups_NN2 have_VH0 gained_VVN in_II strength_NN1 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 240+TEXT+G53_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *1_NULL My_APPGE search_NN1 for_IF the_AT communication_NN1 of_IO human_JJ experience_NN1 featuring_VVG a_AT1 mistaken_JJ attempt_NN1 at_II conventional_JJ *"_" snapshot_NN1 **"_" research_NN1 into_II the_AT experience_NN1 of_IO psychiatric_JJ patients_NN2 and_CC an_AT1 alternative_JJ consciousness-challenging_NN1 and_CC action_NN1 *"_" movie_NN1 **"_" proposal_NN1 featuring_VVG the_AT actors_NN2 in_II the_AT mental_JJ illness_NN1 system_NN1 and_CC directed_VVN by_II its_APPGE users_NN2 ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Preview_NP1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL I_PPIS1 am_VBM looking_VVG for_IF something_PN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Much_DA1 of_IO it_PPH1 is_VBZ hidden_VVN and_CC hard_JJ to_TO find_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL Much_DA1 of_IO it_PPH1 is_VBZ complex_JJ and_CC slippery_JJ ;_; once_RR found_VVD it_PPH1 is_VBZ hard_JJ to_TO hold_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 am_VBM looking_VVG for_IF that_DD1 elusive_JJ quality_NN1 called_VVN experience_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB how_RRQ am_VBM I_PPIS1 to_TO find_VVI it_PPH1 ?_? ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II the_AT beginning_NN1 I_PPIS1 do_VD0 what_DDQ others_NN2 have_VHI done_VDN before_II me_PPIO1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 take_VV0 separate_JJ portrait-like_JJ snapshots_NN2 of_IO many_DA2 people_NN ,_, then_RT write_VV0 my_APPGE impressions_NN2 on_II the_AT back_NN1 of_IO each_DD1 one_PN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 hope_VV0 to_TO draw_VVI connections_NN2 between_II the_AT snapshots_NN2 ,_, and_CC I_PPIS1 do_VD0 ,_, but_CCB the_AT connections_NN2 are_VBR shallow_JJ ,_, lifeless_JJ and_CC unsurprising_VVG ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Bored_JJ and_CC despondent_JJ ,_, I_PPIS1 persist_VV0 with_IW the_AT snapshot_NN1 method_NN1 because_CS I_PPIS1 know_VV0 of_IO no_AT other_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Then_RT ,_, one_MC1 day_NNT1 ,_, I_PPIS1 discover_VV0 the_AT moving_JJ picture_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Connections_NN2 unfold_VV0 before_II my_APPGE eyes_NN2 ;_; they_PPHS2 can_VM be_VBI made_VVN inside_II the_AT movie_NN1 ,_, not_XX just_RR extracted_VVD from_II it_PPH1 as_CSA they_PPHS2 were_VBDR with_IW the_AT snapshots_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Now_RT ,_, I_PPIS1 am_VBM not_XX confined_VVN to_II portraits_NN2 of_IO individuals_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 can_VM zoom_VVI between_II individuals_NN2 and_CC groups_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Now_RT ,_, the_AT people_NN frozen_VVN into_II my_APPGE snapshots_NN2 can_VM come_VVI to_II life_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 are_VBR transformed_VVN into_II actors_NN2 who_PNQS can_VM change_VVI their_APPGE minds_NN2 ,_, their_APPGE feelings_NN2 ,_, their_APPGE roles_NN2 and_CC their_APPGE relationships_NN2 ,_, who_PNQS can_VM react_VVI to_II each_PPX221 other_PPX222 inside_II a_AT1 dynamic_JJ improvised_JJ plot_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL My_APPGE Undressing_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL My_APPGE undressing_NN1 started_VVD during_II my_APPGE first_MD episode_NN1 of_IO deep_JJ depression_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL For_IF twenty-one_MC years_NNT2 my_APPGE culture_NN1 and_CC I_PPIS1 had_VHD carefully_RR stitched_VVN my_APPGE world_NN1 together_RL ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ well_RR clad_VVN in_II the_AT privileges_NN2 of_IO sanity_NN1 but_CCB one_MC1 week_NNT1 ,_, quite_RG suddenly_RR ,_, the_AT world_NN1 I_PPIS1 had_VHD made_VVN around_II me_PPIO1 fell_VVD apart_RL at_II the_AT seams_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *1_NULL 1979_MC :_: ^_NULL I_PPIS1 am_VBM locked_VVN in_II here_RL *-_- alone_RR in_II this_DD1 black_JJ box_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Before_CS this_DD1 I_PPIS1 used_VMK to_TO hide_VVI the_AT blackness_NN1 with_IW colourful_JJ decorations_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL On_II the_AT walls_NN2 of_IO this_DD1 black_JJ box_NN1 I_PPIS1 painted_VVD in_II windows_NN2 with_IW pleasing_JJ views_NN2 on_II them_PPHO2 and_CC I_PPIS1 called_VVD these_DD2 views_NN2 reality_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Now_RT I_PPIS1 have_VH0 been_VBN stripped_VVN right_RR back_RP to_II the_AT bare_JJ black_JJ boards_NN2 of_IO my_APPGE psyche_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL My_APPGE world_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN emptied_VVN out_RP ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL I_PPIS1 did_VDD not_XX know_VVI how_RRQ to_TO live_VVI in_II the_AT undressed_JJ black_JJ box_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL My_APPGE elders_NN2 and_CC educators_NN2 had_VHD not_XX prepared_VVN me_PPIO1 for_IF this_DD1 so_CS I_PPIS1 went_VVD distressed_JJ and_CC despairing_JJ to_II the_AT doctor_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL That_DD1 same_DA day_NNT1 I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ diagnosed_VVN ,_, hospitalised_VVD ,_, medicated_VVD ,_, and_CC put_VVN into_II pyjamas_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL My_APPGE undressing_NN1 was_VBDZ completed_VVN *-_- stripped_JJ of_IO status_NN1 ,_, credibility_NN1 and_CC clothing_NN1 I_PPIS1 became_VVD a_AT1 psychiatric_JJ patient_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Several_DA2 years_NNT2 passed_VVN during_II which_DDQ I_PPIS1 rocketed_VVD from_II one_PN1 moodswing_VVG to_II another_DD1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 often_RR found_VVD myself_PPX1 existing_VVG down_RP long_RR polished_JJ corridors_NN2 *-_- between_II the_AT dormitory_NN1 ,_, the_AT ladies_NN2 '_GE lounge_NN1 ,_, the_AT {_NULL OT_NN1 }_NULL room_NN1 and_CC the_AT dining_NN1 room_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Suffering_NP1 ,_, terrible_JJ suffering_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL White_JJ uniforms_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Over-cooked_JJ cauliflower_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Painting_VVG out_RP the_AT pain_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Comrades_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Women_NN2 weeping_VVG and_CC wailing_VVG ._. ^ ^_NULL Men_NN2 like_II stones_NN2 *-_- who_PNQS sat_VVD all_DB day_NNT1 without_IW moving_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Telling_VVG lies_NN2 to_TO get_VVI out_II21 of_II22 hospital_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Voices_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Drugs_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Removed_VVN from_II the_AT world_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL At_II sea_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Over_II the_AT moon_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Heading_VVG for_IF Mars_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL More_RRR suffering_VVG ,_, more_RGR terrible_JJ suffering_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 were_VBDR so_RG brave_JJ ,_, my_APPGE comrades_NN2 and_CC I._NP1 |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 emerged_VVD from_II these_DD2 years_NNT2 battle-fatigued_JJ and_CC punchdrunk_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *1_NULL 1984_MC :_: ^_NULL This_DD1 year_NNT1 has_VHZ been_VBN better_RRR than_CSN last_MD year_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Yet_RR for_IF every_AT1 day_NNT1 I_PPIS1 have_VH0 been_VBN in_II a_AT1 comfortable_JJ mood_NN1 this_DD1 year_NNT1 I_PPIS1 have_VH0 spent_VVN two_MC days_NNT2 in_II a_AT1 high_JJ or_CC a_AT1 low_JJ mood_NN1 ,_, usually_RR a_AT1 low_JJ one_PN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Looking_VVG at_II my_APPGE diary_NN1 with_IW all_DB the_AT numbers_NN2 on_II it_PPH1 ,_, telling_VVG me_PPIO1 in_II the_AT plainest_JJT way_NN1 there_EX is_VBZ what_DDQ a_AT1 hard_JJ life_NN1 I_PPIS1 have_VH0 ,_, I_PPIS1 sobbed_VVD for_IF a_AT1 long_JJ time_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB later_RRR ,_, I_PPIS1 thought_VVD to_II myself_PPX1 ,_, I_PPIS1 am_VBM a_AT1 survivor_NN1 ,_, even_CS21 if_CS22 a_AT1 deeply_RR tired_JJ one_PN1 ,_, and_CC this_DD1 made_VVD me_PPIO1 feel_VVI better_RRR ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL That_DD1 same_DA year_NNT1 *-_- back_RP in_II hospital_NN1 *-_- in_II bed_NN1 one_MC1 day_NNT1 ,_, my_APPGE thoughts_NN2 started_VVD sliding_VVG off_RP into_II nonsense_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Terrified_JJ of_IO losing_VVG my_APPGE thoughts_NN2 into_II the_AT blackness_NN1 forever_RT I_PPIS1 made_VVD up_RP a_AT1 story_NN1 and_CC said_VVD it_PPH1 over_RP and_CC over_RP to_II myself_PPX1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *1_NULL An_AT1 old_JJ woman_NN1 and_CC her_APPGE grand-daughter_NN1 lived_VVN by_II a_AT1 great_JJ ocean_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Every_AT1 day_NNT1 the_AT old_JJ woman_NN1 went_VVD fishing_VVG on_II the_AT ocean_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 always_RR returned_VVD with_IW fish_NN and_CC cooked_VVD it_PPH1 skilfully_RR for_IF herself_PPX1 and_CC her_APPGE grand-daughter_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL One_MC1 day_NNT1 ,_, when_RRQ she_PPHS1 returned_VVD ,_, she_PPHS1 gave_VVD some_DD fish_NN to_II her_APPGE grand-daughter_NN1 and_CC said_VVD *'_" ^_NULL Cook_NP1 these_DD2 for_IF yourself_PPX1 **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT girl_NN1 wailed_VVD *'_" ^_NULL I_PPIS1 ca_VM n't_XX **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT old_JJ woman_NN1 replied_VVD *'_" ^_NULL You_PPY must_VM find_VVI your_APPGE own_DA power_NN1 **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB the_AT girl_NN1 did_VDD n't_XX understand_VVI and_CC she_PPHS1 went_VVD to_II bed_NN1 hungry_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT ocean_NN1 was_VBDZ the_AT source_NN1 of_IO all_DB things_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT raw_JJ fish_NN were_VBDR the_AT seeds_NN2 of_IO opportunity_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT cooked_JJ fish_NN were_VBDR the_AT fruits_NN2 of_IO fulfilment_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Once_CS I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ fearful_JJ and_CC powerless_JJ like_II the_AT girl_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Now_RT I_PPIS1 am_VBM skilled_JJ and_CC strong_JJ like_II the_AT old_JJ woman_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL My_APPGE work_NN1 and_CC this_DD1 proposal_NN1 is_VBZ my_APPGE way_NN1 of_IO cooking_NN1 ,_, eating_VVG and_CC sharing_VVG the_AT fish_NN that_CST are_VBR my_APPGE moodswings_NN2 *-_- the_AT fruition_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 painful_JJ and_CC perilous_JJ opportunity_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL My_APPGE Invisibility_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL In_II 1985_MC ,_, alone_JJ and_CC without_IW colleagues_NN2 ,_, I_PPIS1 went_VVD to_II the_AT Mental_JJ Health_NN1 Foundation_NN1 conference_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL For_IF three_MC days_NNT2 mental_JJ illness_NN1 workers_NN2 talked_VVN about_II my_APPGE needs_NN2 and_CC the_AT services_NN2 I_PPIS1 use_VV0 and_CC their_APPGE colleagues_NN2 clapped_VVD enthusiastically_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL Never_RR had_VHD I_PPIS1 been_VBN so_RG talked_VVN about_II yet_RR so_RG invisible_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL On_II the_AT last_MD day_NNT1 I_PPIS1 got_VVD up_RP and_CC spoke_VVD ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *1_NULL June_NPM1 1985_MC :_: ^_NULL A_DD221 few_DD222 years_NNT2 ago_RA I_PPIS1 went_VVD to_II a_AT1 public_JJ meeting_NN1 where_RRQ a_AT1 psychiatrist_NN1 talked_VVN about_II community_NN care_NN1 for_IF psychiatric_JJ patients_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL At_II the_AT end_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE talk_NN1 he_PPHS1 asked_VVD for_IF a_AT1 breakdown_NN1 of_IO who_PNQS was_VBDZ at_II the_AT meeting_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 wanted_VVD to_TO know_VVI how_RGQ many_DA2 {_NULL G.P._NN1 }_NULL '_" s_ZZ1 ,_, social_JJ workers_NN2 ,_, psychiatrists_NN2 ,_, clergy_NN2 ,_, and_CC nurses_NN2 were_VBDR there_RL ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 even_RR asked_VVD if_CS any_DD trade_NN1 unionists_NN2 were_VBDR there_RL ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 wanted_VVD to_TO know_VVI if_CSW any_DD relatives_NN2 were_VBDR there_RL ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB I_PPIS1 remained_VVD silent_JJ and_CC invisible_JJ because_CS he_PPHS1 did_VDD n't_XX think_VVI to_TO ask_VVI if_CSW any_DD patients_NN2 were_VBDR there_RL ._. ^ ^_NULL A_DD221 few_DD222 years_NNT2 later_RRR I_PPIS1 am_VBM here_RL at_II this_DD1 conference_NN1 ,_, still_RR silent_JJ ,_, still_RR invisible_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB now_RT I_PPIS1 must_VM speak_VVI and_CC be_VBI seen_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL I_PPIS1 asked_VVD the_AT conference_NN1 why_RRQ there_EX were_VBDR no_AT patients_NN2 there_RL ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 made_VVD a_AT1 plea_NN1 for_IF the_AT communication_NN1 gap_NN1 between_II professionals_NN2 and_CC patients_NN2 to_TO be_VBI closed_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL At_II the_AT conference_NN1 it_PPH1 struck_VVD me_PPIO1 that_CST the_AT experience_NN1 of_IO psychiatric_JJ patients_NN2 had_VHD been_VBN seized_VVN by_II the_AT reality_NN1 regulators_NN2 and_CC put_VVN under_II lock_NN1 and_CC key_NN1 in_II seclusion_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ then_RT that_CST I_PPIS1 decided_VVD to_TO reclaim_VVI the_AT experience_NN1 of_IO psychiatric_JJ patients_NN2 who_PNQS like_VV0 the_AT indigenous_JJ people_NN of_IO the_AT world_NN1 had_VHD been_VBN colonised_VVN in_II their_APPGE outlying_JJ islands_NN2 of_IO melancholia_NN1 ,_, mania_NN1 and_CC madness_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Plot_NP1 *>_NULL ^ *<_NULL Outline_NP1 of_IO the_AT snapshot_NN1 research_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL After_CS the_AT conference_NN1 I_PPIS1 started_VVD work_NN1 on_II a_AT1 proposal_NN1 for_IF research_NN1 into_II the_AT experience_NN1 of_IO psychiatric_JJ patients_NN2 and_CC the_AT establishment_NN of_IO a_AT1 patient_JJ run_NN1 organisation_NN1 for_IF change_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT research_NN1 and_CC the_AT organisation_NN1 were_VBDR separate_JJ though_CS the_AT research_NN1 was_VBDZ to_TO provide_VVI an_AT1 information_NN1 base_NN1 for_IF the_AT organisation_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL My_APPGE proposal_NN1 was_VBDZ for_IF conventional_JJ qualitative_JJ research_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ to_TO interview_VVI a_AT1 representative_JJ mix_NN1 of_IO 50_MC ex-psychiatric_JJ patients_NN2 to_TO be_VBI found_VVN by_II the_AT most_RGT random_JJ method_NN1 open_VV0 to_II me_PPIO1 ,_, the_AT *"_" snowball_NN1 **"_" method_NN1 ,_, where_CS interviewees_NN2 are_VBR asked_VVN to_TO seek_VVI further_JJR interviewees_NN2 and_CC contact_VVI them_PPHO2 on_II the_AT researcher_NN1 's_VBZ behalf_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 wanted_VVD to_TO find_VVI out_RP in_RR21 particular_RR22 the_AT experience_NN1 the_AT ex-patients_NN2 had_VHD of_IO the_AT help_NN1 they_PPHS2 did_VDD or_CC did_VDD not_XX get_VVI and_CC of_IO the_AT changes_NN2 that_DD1 being_VBG a_AT1 psychiatric_JJ patient_NN1 brought_VVN to_II their_APPGE lives_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT interviews_NN2 were_VBDR to_TO be_VBI structured_VVN into_II *"_" question_NN1 areas_NN2 **"_" decided_VVD on_RP before_II the_AT first_MD interview_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB they_PPHS2 were_VBDR also_RR to_TO be_VBI flexible_JJ enough_RR to_TO allow_VVI for_IF some_DD digression_NN1 and_CC elaboration_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ then_RT to_TO collate_VVI the_AT answers_NN2 ,_, make_VV0 generalisations_NN2 from_II them_PPHO2 ,_, fill_VV0 them_PPHO2 out_RP with_IW quotes_NN2 and_CC stories_NN2 and_CC put_VVD it_PPH1 all_DB into_II a_AT1 report_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 hoped_VVD the_AT report_NN1 would_VM be_VBI a_AT1 powerful_JJ statement_NN1 on_II the_AT experience_NN1 of_IO psychiatric_JJ patients_NN2 *-_- not_XX just_RR for_IF us_PPIO2 ,_, but_CCB also_RR for_IF others_NN2 who_PNQS are_VBR involved_JJ in_II the_AT mental_JJ illness_NN1 system_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 took_VVD this_DD1 proposal_NN1 to_II the_AT Mental_JJ Health_NN1 Foundation_NN1 who_PNQS agreed_VVD to_TO support_VVI it_PPH1 and_CC I_PPIS1 began_VVD the_AT research_NN1 in_II late_RR 1985_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 enjoyed_VVD the_AT first_MD two_MC or_CC three_MC interviews_NN2 but_CCB after_II that_DD1 my_APPGE doubts_NN2 escalated_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT powerful_JJ statement_NN1 I_PPIS1 wanted_VVD to_TO make_VVI was_VBDZ becoming_VVG more_RRR and_CC more_RRR diluted_VVD ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *1_NULL March_NPM1 1986_MC :_: ^_NULL A_AT1 great_JJ fog_NN1 has_VHZ crept_VVN over_II my_APPGE research_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 tried_VVD to_TO fit_VVI it_PPH1 around_RG other_JJ people_NN 's_GE advice_NN1 and_CC my_APPGE idea_NN1 of_IO what_DDQ would_VM be_VBI considered_VVN credible_JJ research_NN1 because_CS I_PPIS1 lack_VV0 experience_NN1 and_CC the_AT sense_NN1 of_IO sureness_NN1 it_PPH1 brings_VVZ ._. ^ ^_NULL Now_RT ,_, I_PPIS1 have_VH0 lost_VVN my_APPGE way_NN1 ,_, because_CS I_PPIS1 believed_VVD other_JJ people_NN 's_GE judgements_NN2 were_VBDR better_RRR than_CSN my_APPGE own_DA ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT problem_NN1 is_VBZ ,_, I_PPIS1 can_VM not_XX continue_VVI this_DD1 research_NN1 comfortably_RR ,_, creatively_RR or_CC without_IW cracking_VVG my_APPGE integrity_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX must_VM be_VBI another_DD1 way_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL A_DD221 few_DD222 days_NNT2 later_RRR I_PPIS1 woke_VVD early_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL My_APPGE mind_NN1 was_VBDZ buzzing_VVG with_IW ideas_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT fog_NN1 had_VHD lifted_VVN and_CC I_PPIS1 found_VVD the_AT other_JJ way_NN1 shining_VVG inside_II my_APPGE head_NN1 as_CS21 if_CS22 someone_PN1 had_VHD planted_VVN it_PPH1 there_RL in_II my_APPGE sleep_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 named_VVD this_DD1 other_JJ way_NN1 the_AT *"_" moving_JJ picture_NN1 **"_" ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Outline_NP1 of_IO the_AT *"_" Movie_NN1 **"_" Proposal_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT *"_" movie_NN1 **"_" proposal_NN1 does_VDZ not_XX fit_VVI the_AT Concise_JJ Oxford_NP1 Dictionary_NN1 definition_NN1 of_IO research_NN1 which_DDQ is_VBZ *"_" careful_JJ search_NN1 or_CC inquiry_NN1 ..._... endeavour_NN1 to_TO discover_VVI new_JJ or_CC collate_VV0 old_JJ facts_NN2 by_II scientific_JJ study_NN1 ..._... course_NN1 of_IO critical_JJ investigation_NN1 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL Research_NN1 is_VBZ done_VDN by_II people_NN who_PNQS are_VBR climbing_VVG the_AT ladder_NN1 of_IO truth_NN1 ;_; the_AT one_MC1 truth_NN1 which_DDQ is_VBZ being_VBG mined_VVN and_CC laid_VVN bare_JJ by_II human_JJ *"_" progress_NN1 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB concepts_NN2 like_II *"_" discover_NN1 **"_" ,_, *"_" facts_NN2 **"_" ,_, *"_" scientific_JJ study_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 subject_NN1 **"_" and_CC *"_" critical_JJ investigation_NN1 **"_" have_VH0 no_AT value_NN1 for_IF the_AT weavers_NN2 of_IO experience_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL These_DD2 concepts_NN2 can_VM not_XX grasp_VVI ,_, let_II21 alone_II22 validate_NN1 ,_, all_DB the_AT complex_JJ and_CC untidy_JJ loose_JJ ends_NN2 of_IO experience_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL These_DD2 loose_JJ ends_NN2 must_VM be_VBI woven_VVN into_II a_AT1 patterned_JJ web_NN1 of_IO interconnecting_VVG insights_NN2 and_CC actions_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT *"_" movie_NN1 **"_" proposal_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX about_II research_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ about_II *"_" weaving_VVG **"_" ._. ^ *<_NULL *5_NULL Structure_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT basic_JJ *"_" movie_NN1 **"_" will_VM feature_VVI four_MC groups_NN2 :_: survivors_NN2 ,_, families_NN2 ,_, mental_JJ illness_NN1 workers_NN2 and_CC administrators/_FO policy_NN1 makers_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Each_DD1 group_NN will_VM have_VHI several_DA2 members_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT groups_NN2 will_VM be_VBI flexible_JJ but_CCB will_VM need_VVI two_MC or_CC three_MC committed_VVD ongoing_VVG members_NN2 for_IF continuity_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Miscellaneous_JJ actors_NN2 in_II the_AT mental_JJ illness_NN1 system_NN1 such_II21 as_II22 official_JJ visitors_NN2 or_CC mental_JJ illness_NN1 lawyers_NN2 could_VM also_RR feature_VVI occasionally_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 basic_JJ structure_NN1 could_VM be_VBI added_VVN onto_II ,_, like_II patchwork_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Efforts_NN2 will_VM be_VBI made_VVN for_IF the_AT basic_JJ groups_NN2 to_TO be_VBI fairly_RR representative_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB people_NN such_II21 as_II22 Maoris_NP2 or_CC women_NN2 who_PNQS may_VM find_VVI their_APPGE experience_NN1 is_VBZ left_JJ invisible_JJ by_II the_AT basic_JJ structure_NN1 could_VM form_VVI their_APPGE own_DA groups_NN2 and_CC add_VVI patches_NN2 with_IW their_APPGE own_DA pattern_NN1 woven_VVN into_II them_PPHO2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Members_NN2 for_IF these_DD2 groups_NN2 could_VM be_VBI drawn_VVN from_II the_AT basic_JJ structure_NN1 or_CC from_II outside_RL ._. ^ ^_NULL Regular_JJ contact_NN1 with_IW the_AT basic_JJ structure_NN1 would_VM be_VBI encouraged_VVN ._. ^ *|_NULL ^_NULL The_AT *"_" patchworking_NN1 **"_" will_VM take_VVI place_NN1 in_II one_MC1 area_NN1 ,_, in_II this_DD1 case_NN1 the_AT Auckland_NP1 area_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 proposal_NN1 could_VM be_VBI put_VVN into_II action_NN1 by_II other_JJ people_NN in_II other_JJ areas_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Each_DD1 project_NN1 would_VM be_VBI autonomous_JJ but_CCB close_JJ communication_NN1 between_II them_PPHO2 could_VM provide_VVI new_JJ insights_NN2 and_CC support_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *5_NULL Process_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL My_APPGE role_NN1 will_VM be_VBI coordinator_NN1 and_CC compiler_NN1 though_CS these_DD2 jobs_NN2 could_VM be_VBI shared_VVN with_IW other_JJ survivors_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 will_VM select_VVI the_AT survivors_NN2 '_GE group_NN which_DDQ will_VM then_RT seek_VVI people_NN for_IF the_AT other_JJ three_MC groups_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL People_NN will_VM be_VBI chosen_VVN for_IF their_APPGE commitment_NN1 and_CC their_APPGE ability_NN1 to_TO take_VVI part_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 will_VM teach_VVI communication_NN1 skills_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 consensus_NN1 decision_NN1 making_VVG to_II any_DD of_IO the_AT participants_NN2 if_CS necessary_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL All_DB the_AT groups_NN2 will_VM probably_RR need_VVI to_TO meet_VVI once_RR to_TO clarify_VVI details_NN2 and_CC suggest_VVI improvements_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT survivors_NN2 '_GE group_NN will_VM have_VHI more_DAR roles_NN2 than_CSN the_AT other_JJ groups_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 will_VM be_VBI involved_JJ in_II every_AT1 interaction_NN1 between_II groups_NN2 but_CCB the_AT other_JJ groups_NN2 will_VM not_XX ._. ^ ^_NULL To_II some_DD extent_NN1 there_EX will_VM be_VBI an_AT1 inverted_JJ hierarchy_NN1 *-_- the_AT survivors_NN2 '_GE group_NN will_VM have_VHI the_AT final_JJ say_NN1 ,_, from_II modifying_VVG this_DD1 proposal_NN1 to_II editorial_JJ powers_NN2 in_II the_AT writing_NN1 I_PPIS1 do_VD0 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT inverted_JJ hierarchy_NN1 is_VBZ an_AT1 **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL attempt_NN1 at_II positive_JJ discrimination_NN1 and_CC is_VBZ intended_VVN to_TO equalise_VVI rather_CS21 than_CS22 re-polarise_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT survivors_NN2 '_GE group_NN will_VM be_VBI the_AT kernel_NN1 for_IF an_AT1 organisation_NN1 for_IF change_NN1 which_DDQ will_VM emerge_VVI from_II consciousness-challenging_NN1 and_CC communication_NN1 with_IW the_AT other_JJ groups_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX are_VBR likely_JJ to_TO be_VBI many_DA2 rounds_NN2 of_IO interactions_NN2 ,_, the_AT focus_NN1 zooming_VVG from_II one_MC1 individual_NN1 ,_, to_II one_MC1 group_NN ,_, to_II two_MC or_CC more_DAR groups_NN2 *-_- and_CC back_RP again_RT ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II any_DD one_MC1 round_JJ not_XX all_DB the_AT points_NN2 of_IO interaction_NN1 need_VM be_VBI focused_VVN on_RP ,_, nor_CC in_II the_AT order_NN1 suggested_VVD here_RL ._. ^ *|_NULL ^_NULL In_II the_AT first_MD round_NN1 of_IO interactions_NN2 the_AT points_NN2 of_IO focus_NN1 could_VM go_VVI like_II this_DD1 :_: |_NULL ^_NULL *1_NULL Individuals_NN2 :_: *0_NULL everyone_PN1 from_II every_AT1 group_NN will_VM create_VVI an_AT1 account_NN1 of_IO aspects_NN2 of_IO their_APPGE experience_NN1 in_II their_APPGE role_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL People_NN will_VM be_VBI encouraged_VVN to_TO start_VVI a_AT1 journal_NN1 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 241+TEXT+G54_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ widely_RR recognised_VVN that_CST the_AT assessment_NN1 of_IO pupils_NN2 can_VM serve_VVI both_RR *4_NULL educational_JJ *0_NULL and_CC *4_NULL selective_JJ *0_NULL purposes_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Assessment_NN1 serves_VVZ as_II **[_NULL sic_RR **]_NULL an_AT1 educational_JJ purpose_NN1 when_CS it_PPH1 is_VBZ used_VVN to_TO discover_VVI the_AT extent_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 person_NN1 's_VBZ knowledge_NN1 ,_, understanding_VVG ,_, or_CC mastery_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 serves_VVZ a_AT1 selective_JJ function_NN1 when_CS it_PPH1 is_VBZ used_VVN to_TO determine_VVI who_PNQS shall_VM be_VBI allowed_VVN to_TO proceed_VVI to_II further_JJR study_NN1 or_CC qualify_VV0 for_IF certain_JJ jobs_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL For_IF many_DA2 years_NNT2 the_AT School_NN1 Certificate_NN1 Examination_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN criticised_VVN for_IF being_VBG almost_RR exclusively_RR a_AT1 selective_JJ device_NN1 with_IW little_DA1 educational_JJ value_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 article_NN1 argues_VVZ that_CST the_AT way_NN1 School_NN1 Certificate_NN1 marks_NN2 are_VBR scaled_VVN casts_VVZ further_JJR doubt_NN1 on_II their_APPGE educational_JJ meaning_NN1 and_CC that_DD1 recent_JJ policy_NN1 changes_NN2 to_II School_NN1 Certificate_NN1 marks_NN2 indicate_VV0 that_CST they_PPHS2 are_VBR of_IO little_JJ selective_JJ value_NN1 either_DD1 ._. ^ *<_NULL The_AT Adjustment_NN1 and_CC Scaling_NN1 of_IO School_NN1 Certificate_NN1 Marks_NP1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 must_VM be_VBI understood_VVN that_CST the_AT marks_NN2 that_CST a_AT1 student_NN1 is_VBZ reported_VVN as_CSA achieving_VVG in_II School_NN1 Certificate_NN1 subjects_NN2 are_VBR not_XX necessarily_RR the_AT same_DA as_CSA the_AT marks_NN2 originally_RR awarded_VVD for_IF actual_JJ performance_NN1 in_II the_AT examination_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT raw_JJ marks_NN2 awarded_VVD for_IF getting_VVG questions_NN2 wholly_RR or_CC partially_RR correct_JJ as_CSA specified_VVN in_II the_AT marking_JJ schedule_NN1 can_VM be_VBI changed_VVN as_II a_AT1 result_NN1 of_IO three_MC adjustment_NN1 processes_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT first_MD mark_NN1 adjustment_NN1 is_VBZ undertaken_VVN to_TO determine_VVI the_AT effects_NN2 of_IO lenient_JJ or_CC severe_JJ markers_NN2 who_PNQS might_VM advantage_NN1 or_CC disadvantage_VV0 some_DD students_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ done_VDN by_II adjusting_VVG the_AT marks_NN2 given_VVN by_II each_DD1 marker_NN1 to_II a_AT1 common_JJ mean_NN1 (_( 52_MC )_) and_CC standard_JJ deviation_NN1 (_( 17_MC )_) ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT second_MD adjustment_NN1 is_VBZ undertaken_VVN to_TO eliminate_VVI the_AT unfairness_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 *'_" difficult_JJ **'_" or_CC *'_" easy_JJ **'_" paper_NN1 in_II a_AT1 particular_JJ year_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT same_DA mean_JJ and_CC standard_JJ deviation_NN1 is_VBZ maintained_VVN each_DD1 year_NNT1 so_CS21 that_CS22 the_AT same_DA proportion_NN1 of_IO candidates_NN2 in_II a_AT1 subject_JJ pass_NN1 regardless_RR of_IO the_AT year_NNT1 in_II which_DDQ they_PPHS2 present_VV0 themselves_PPX2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT third_MD aspect_NN1 of_IO mark_NN1 adjustment_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT hierarchical_JJ adjustment_NN1 of_IO the_AT subject_NN1 mean_JJ mark_NN1 (_( and_CC with_IW it_PPH1 the_AT pass_NN1 rate_NN1 )_) as_II a_AT1 result_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 estimation_NN1 of_IO the_AT *'_" quality_NN1 **'_" of_IO the_AT candidate_NN1 group_NN taking_VVG each_DD1 subject_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT estimation_NN1 of_IO quality_NN1 is_VBZ based_VVN on_II the_AT procedure_NN1 known_VVN as_II *4_NULL means_VVZ analysis_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ argued_VVN that_CST students_NN2 of_IO different_JJ *'_" abilities_NN2 **'_" are_VBR *'_" attracted_VVN **'_" to_II different_JJ School_NN1 Certificate_NN1 subjects_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL For_IF the_AT *'_" average_JJ **'_" student_NN1 to_TO have_VHI a_AT1 reasonable_JJ chance_NN1 of_IO success_NN1 the_AT mark_NN1 distribution_NN1 must_VM take_VVI account_NN1 of_IO the_AT different_JJ *'_" abilities_NN2 **'_" of_IO the_AT students_NN2 taking_VVG each_DD1 subject_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Elaboration_NN1 of_IO the_AT rationale_NN1 and_CC procedures_NN2 of_IO the_AT hierarchical_JJ scaling_NN1 of_IO School_NN1 Certificate_NN1 subject_NN1 marks_NN2 has_VHZ been_VBN given_VVN recently_RR in_II Department_NNJ of_IO Education_NN1 documents_NN2 (_( {_NULL e.g._REX }_NULL School_NN1 Certificate_NN1 scaling_VVG *-_- A_AT1 search_NN1 for_IF fairness_NN1 ,_, {_NULL n.d_NNU ._. ^ }_NULL ;_; Scaling_NP1 of_IO School_NN1 Certificate_NN1 marks_NN2 ,_, M.2_FO 82B-4.85_NNU )_) ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 should_VM be_VBI evident_JJ that_CST the_AT adjustment_NN1 of_IO School_NN1 Certificate_NN1 marks_NN2 weakens_VVZ at_II each_DD1 step_NN1 the_AT educational_JJ meaning_NN1 that_CST students_NN2 ,_, parents_NN2 ,_, teachers_NN2 ,_, and_CC the_AT public_NN can_VM attach_VVI to_II the_AT result_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ because_CS each_DD1 adjustment_NN1 removes_VVZ the_AT result_NN1 further_RRR and_CC further_RRR from_II the_AT original_JJ marking_JJ criteria_NN2 which_DDQ indicated_VVD degrees_NN2 of_IO competency_NN1 ,_, skill_NN1 and_CC understanding_VVG in_II the_AT particular_JJ subject_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II a_AT1 large_JJ scale_NN1 national_JJ examination_NN1 with_IW many_DA2 markers_NN2 ,_, marker_NN1 leniency_NN1 or_CC severity_NN1 can_VM not_XX be_VBI ignored_VVN but_CCB it_PPH1 can_VM be_VBI minimised_VVN by_II appropriate_JJ training_NN1 and_CC check_NN1 marking_VVG ._. ^ ^_NULL Statistical_JJ adjustments_NN2 should_VM not_XX be_VBI a_AT1 substitute_NN1 for_IF investment_NN1 in_II competent_JJ schedule_NN1 development_NN1 and_CC marking_VVG ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT concerns_NN2 about_II year_NNT1 to_II year_NNT1 comparability_NN1 can_VM be_VBI addressed_VVN by_II trialling_VVG and_CC the_AT use_NN1 of_IO calibrated_JJ anchor_NN1 items_NN2 or_CC questions_NN2 ,_, or_CC by_II mark_NN1 adjustment_NN1 to_TO pre-set_VVI parameters_NN2 (_( mean_JJ and_CC {_NULL SD_NP }_NULL requirements_NN2 )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 problem_NN1 with_IW pre-set_JJ parameters_NN2 has_VHZ been_VBN indirectly_RR pointed_VVN to_RP by_II Thompson_NP1 (_( 1985_MC )_) through_II the_AT effect_NN1 of_IO the_AT *'_" constant_JJ pass-rate_JJ principle_NN1 **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL With_IW a_AT1 mark_NN1 of_IO 50_MC constituting_VVG a_AT1 *'_" pass_NN1 **'_" and_CC year_NNT1 to_II year_NNT1 comparability_NN1 being_VBG achieved_VVN by_II mark_NN1 adjustment_NN1 to_II a_AT1 mean_NN1 of_IO 52_MC ,_, *"_" ..._... the_AT number_NN1 passing_VVG an_AT1 exam_NN1 is_VBZ prescribed_VVN as_II an_AT1 approximately_RR constant_JJ proportion_NN1 of_IO the_AT number_NN1 of_IO individuals_NN2 attempting_VVG the_AT exam_NN1 **"_" ._. ^ (_( Thompson_NN1 ,_, 1985_MC ,_, \_NULL p.21_FO )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL Notwithstanding_II the_AT effects_NN2 of_IO hierarchical_JJ scaling_NN1 in_II raising_VVG the_AT pass-rate_NN1 in_II some_DD subjects_NN2 and_CC lowering_VVG it_PPH1 in_II others_NN2 ,_, the_AT *'_" constant_JJ pass-rate_JJ principle_NN1 **'_" has_VHZ in_II effect_NN1 been_VBN in_II force_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT pass-rates_NN2 in_II individual_JJ subjects_NN2 after_II mark_NN1 adjustment_NN1 and_CC hierarchical_JJ scaling_NN1 are_VBR essentially_RR stable_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT question_NN1 is_VBZ then_RT whether_CSW this_DD1 stability_NN1 is_VBZ real_JJ or_CC imposed_VVD through_II statistical_JJ administrative_JJ procedures_NN2 ._. ^ *<_NULL Mark_NP1 Adjustment_NN1 and_CC Scaling_VVG Policies_NN2 :_: Changes_NN2 and_CC Consequences_NP1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II 1983-84_MCMC public_JJ pressure_NN1 for_IF the_AT return_NN1 of_IO marked_JJ School_NN1 Certificate_NN1 scripts_NN2 under_II the_AT Official_JJ Information_NN1 Act_NN1 highlighted_VVD the_AT issue_NN1 of_IO mark_NN1 adjustment_NN1 and_CC scaling_VVG ._. ^ ^_NULL Explanations_NN2 had_VHD to_TO be_VBI provided_VVN for_IF mark_NN1 variations_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ also_RR an_AT1 opportunity_NN1 for_IF teachers_NN2 and_CC concerned_JJ groups_NN2 to_TO discuss_VVI particular_JJ grievances_NN2 in_II31 relation_II32 to_II33 specific_JJ subjects_NN2 ,_, notably_RR those_DD2 which_DDQ clustered_VVD at_II the_AT bottom_NN1 of_IO the_AT scaling_JJ hierarchy_NN1 and_CC with_IW pass-rates_NN2 below_II 50%_NNU ._. ^ ^_NULL Other_JJ arguments_NN2 aside_RL ,_, it_PPH1 was_VBDZ perceived_VVN as_II an_AT1 injustice_NN1 that_CST students_NN2 who_PNQS had_VHD a_AT1 chance_NN1 in_II one_MC1 of_IO these_DD2 subjects_NN2 might_VM be_VBI denied_VVN a_AT1 pass_NN1 because_CS the_AT group_NN of_IO students_NN2 taking_VVG this_DD1 and_CC other_JJ subjects_NN2 did_VDD not_XX do_VDI so_RG well_RR ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL As_II a_AT1 consequence_NN1 ,_, two_MC interesting_JJ changes_NN2 were_VBDR made_VVN to_II the_AT scaling_JJ policies_NN2 in_II 1984_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL Firstly_RR ,_, no_AT subject_NN1 with_IW more_DAR than_CSN 1%_NNU of_IO the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 school_NN1 ,_, Year_NNT1 3_MC (_( first_MD year_NNT1 5th_MD Form_NN1 )_) taking_VVG English_JJ and_CC three_MC other_JJ subjects_NN2 (_( the_AT famous_JJ {_NULL NZY_JJ }_NULL 3_MC \_NULL E3_FU group_NN )_) ,_, would_VM have_VHI a_AT1 pass-rate_NN1 below_II 50%_NNU ._. ^ ^_NULL In_RR21 particular_RR22 this_DD1 means_VVZ that_CST the_AT subjects_NN2 Clothing_NN1 and_CC Textiles_NN2 ,_, Engineering_NN1 Shopwork_NN1 ,_, Home_NN1 Economics_NN ,_, Human_JJ Biology_NN1 ,_, Maori_NP1 and_CC Woodwork_NP1 ,_, which_DDQ meet_VV0 the_AT 1%_NNU criterion_NN1 ,_, would_VM have_VHI a_AT1 base_JJ pass-rate_NN1 of_IO 50%_NNU irrespective_II21 of_II22 actual_JJ student_NN1 examination_NN1 performance_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL More_RGR dramatically_RR ,_, it_PPH1 was_VBDZ decided_VVN to_TO adjust_VVI the_AT mark_NN1 distribution_NN1 of_IO Maori_JJ to_TO parallel_VVI that_DD1 of_IO English_JJ ,_, irrespective_II21 of_II22 actual_JJ student_NN1 performance_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 can_VM be_VBI estimated_VVN that_CST had_VHD these_DD2 provisions_NN2 been_VBN in_II effect_NN1 in_II 1983_MC ,_, an_AT1 additional_JJ 946_MC *'_" passes_NN2 **'_" would_VM have_VHI been_VBN awarded_VVN to_II candidates_NN2 in_II the_AT subjects_NN2 just_RR mentioned_VVN (_( ^_NULL See_VV0 Appendix_NN1 1_MC1 )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ clear_JJ that_CST the_AT educational_JJ meaning_NN1 of_IO the_AT new_JJ score_NN1 is_VBZ weak_JJ ,_, because_CS the_AT marks_NN2 or_CC grades_NN2 do_VD0 not_XX directly_RR or_CC clearly_RR indicate_VV0 levels_NN2 of_IO skill_NN1 ,_, understanding_VVG ,_, or_CC competency_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ obvious_JJ when_CS between_II 1983_MC and_CC 1984_MC a_AT1 group_NN of_IO students_NN2 who_PNQS would_VM have_VHI *'_" failed_VVN **'_" can_VM now_RT *'_" pass_VVI **'_" in_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO achieve_VVI the_AT required_JJ pass-rates_NN2 and_CC when_CS in_II the_AT case_NN1 of_IO two_MC subjects_NN2 (_( Maori_NP1 and_CC English_JJ )_) the_AT mark_NN1 distribution_NN1 is_VBZ made_VVN to_TO achieve_VVI a_AT1 totally_RR arbitrary_JJ symmetry_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL If_CS School_NN1 Certificate_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO have_VHI the_AT selection_NN1 function_NN1 it_PPH1 has_VHZ always_RR had_VHN ,_, it_PPH1 makes_VVZ no_AT sense_NN1 to_TO reduce_VVI the_AT efficiency_NN1 of_IO the_AT selection_NN1 process_NN1 by_II truncating_VVG the_AT range_NN1 of_IO pass-marks_NN2 and_CC adjusting_VVG the_AT mark_NN1 distribution_NN1 of_IO one_MC1 subject_NN1 even_CS21 when_CS22 (_( in_II the_AT case_NN1 of_IO Maori_NP1 )_) it_PPH1 is_VBZ done_VDN for_IF the_AT most_RGT laudable_JJ social_JJ and_CC political_JJ purposes_NN2 ._. ^ *<_NULL Sources_NN2 of_IO Confusion_NN1 :_: Underlying_JJ Assumptions_NN2 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Given_VVN this_DD1 analysis_NN1 ,_, the_AT obvious_JJ question_NN1 arises_VVZ as_II21 to_II22 how_RRQ the_AT School_NN1 Certificate_NN1 Examination_NN1 Board_NNJ and_CC the_AT Department_NNJ of_IO Education_NN1 managed_VVD to_TO get_VVI themselves_PPX2 and_CC the_AT school_NN1 system_NN1 into_II this_DD1 conceptual_JJ and_CC practical_JJ mess_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL We_PPIS2 believe_VV0 that_CST the_AT answer_NN1 can_VM be_VBI found_VVN in_II their_APPGE three_MC fundamental_JJ assumptions_NN2 :_: *<_NULL *1_NULL Assumption_NN1 1_MC1 :_: *>_NULL ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL That_DD1 in_II31 addition_II32 to_II33 particular_JJ skills_NN2 and_CC information_NN1 ,_, people_NN possess_VV0 various_JJ degrees_NN2 of_IO *'_" general_JJ ability_NN1 **'_" ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL *<_NULL *1_NULL Assumption_NP1 2_MC :_: *>_NULL ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL That_DD1 some_DD subjects_NN2 attract_VV0 those_DD2 with_IW a_AT1 good_JJ deal_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 general_JJ ability_NN1 while_CS others_NN2 attract_VV0 those_DD2 with_IW relatively_RR little_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II this_DD1 connection_NN1 Departmental_JJ documents_NN2 refer_VV0 to_II the_AT *'_" calibre_NN1 **'_" of_IO the_AT candidates_NN2 which_DDQ is_VBZ something_PN1 additional_JJ to_II their_APPGE performance_NN1 in_II a_AT1 particular_JJ subject_NN1 :_: a_AT1 person_NN1 might_VM be_VBI good_JJ at_II woodwork_NN1 ,_, Maori_NP1 and_CC biology_NN1 but_CCB still_RR be_VBI of_IO *'_" lower_JJR calibre_NN1 **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT following_JJ quotation_NN1 is_VBZ instructive_JJ :_: |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT purposes_NN2 of_IO means_NN analysis_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO determine_VVI the_AT *4_NULL overall_JJ calibre_NN1 *0_NULL [_( our_APPGE emphasis_NN1 ]_) of_IO candidates_NN2 taking_VVG each_DD1 subject_NN1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL *<_NULL *1_NULL Assumption_NP1 3_MC :_: *>_NULL ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT third_MD assumption_NN1 is_VBZ closely_RR related_VVN to_II this_DD1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ that_CST the_AT selective_JJ function_NN1 of_IO the_AT examination_NN1 is_VBZ best_RRT served_VVN by_II ensuring_VVG that_CST the_AT marks_NN2 a_AT1 person_NN1 scores_VVZ in_II a_AT1 particular_JJ subject_NN1 reflect_NN1 his/her_FO *'_" overall_JJ calibre_NN1 **'_" as_CC31 well_CC32 as_CC33 his/her_FO grasp_NN1 of_IO the_AT subject_NN1 in_II question_NN1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL These_DD2 assumptions_NN2 enable_VV0 the_AT Department_NNJ to_TO speak_VVI of_IO *'_" hard_JJ **'_" and_CC *'_" easy_JJ **'_" subjects_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 *'_" hard_JJ **'_" subject_NN1 is_VBZ one_PN1 which_DDQ attracts_VVZ a_AT1 large_JJ proportion_NN1 of_IO *'_" good_JJ calibre_NN1 **'_" students_NN2 ;_; an_AT1 *'_" easy_JJ **'_" subject_NN1 is_VBZ one_PN1 which_DDQ attracts_VVZ a_AT1 high_JJ proportion_NN1 of_IO *'_" poor_JJ calibre_NN1 **'_" students_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 fact_NN1 leads_VVZ to_II the_AT need_NN1 for_IF hierarchical_JJ scaling_NN1 by_II the_AT means_NN analysis_NN1 method_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL To_TO quote_VVI the_AT Department_NNJ :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL *<_NULL Challenging_VVG These_DD2 Assumptions_NN2 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Each_DD1 of_IO these_DD2 assumptions_NN2 is_VBZ highly_RR dubious_JJ ._. ^ *<_NULL *1_NULL Assumption_NN1 1_MC1 :_: *>_NULL ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL One_PN1 does_VDZ not_XX have_VHI to_TO read_VVI far_RR in_II education_NN1 and_CC psychology_NN1 to_TO realise_VVI how_RGQ little_DA1 agreement_NN1 there_EX is_VBZ about_II the_AT notion_NN1 of_IO *'_" general_JJ ability_NN1 **'_" and_CC its_APPGE utility_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX are_VBR some_DD persuasive_JJ arguments_NN2 for_IF the_AT view_NN1 that_CST this_DD1 construct_NN1 and_CC its_APPGE use_NN1 in_II education_NN1 have_VH0 been_VBN very_RG damaging_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Given_VVN the_AT vagueness_NN1 in_II meaning_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 should_VM not_XX be_VBI surprising_JJ that_CST attempts_VVZ to_TO measure_VVI this_DD1 *'_" general_JJ ability_NN1 **'_" have_VH0 generated_VVN considerable_JJ controversy_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 controversy_NN1 has_VHZ intensified_VVN in_II recent_JJ years_NNT2 as_CSA many_DA2 sociologists_NN2 have_VH0 argued_VVN that_CST this_DD1 so_JJ21 called_JJ22 *'_" general_JJ ability_NN1 **'_" derives_VVZ from_II a_AT1 culturally_RR biased_JJ body_NN1 of_IO knowledge_NN1 which_DDQ gives_VVZ social_JJ advantages_NN2 to_II groups_NN2 of_IO privileged_JJ people_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL From_II this_DD1 perspective_NN1 general_JJ ability_NN1 (_( *'_" calibre_NN1 **'_" )_) is_VBZ not_XX only_RR a_AT1 confused_JJ and_CC unscientific_JJ concept_NN1 but_CCB also_RR a_AT1 biased_JJ and_CC ideologically_RR oppressive_JJ one_MC1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL *<_NULL *1_NULL Assumption_NP1 2_MC :_: *>_NULL ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Setting_VVG aside_RL for_RT41 the_RT42 time_RT43 being_RT44 these_DD2 theoretical_JJ difficulties_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 must_VM ask_VVI whether_CSW there_EX is_VBZ any_DD evidence_NN1 for_IF the_AT second_MD assumption_NN1 that_CST some_DD subjects_NN2 attract_VV0 *'_" higher_JJR calibre_NN1 **'_" students_NN2 ?_? ^ ^_NULL The_AT answer_NN1 appears_VVZ to_TO be_VBI *'_" no_UH **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 search_NN1 of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 educational_JJ research_NN1 journals_NN2 ,_, thesis_NN1 bibliographies_NN2 and_CC lists_NN2 of_IO Department_NNJ of_IO Education_NN1 research_NN1 projects_NN2 could_VM not_XX locate_VVI any_DD study_NN1 prior_II21 to_II22 the_AT inception_NN1 of_IO hierarchical_JJ scaling_NN1 that_CST specifically_RR tested_VVD the_AT proposition_NN1 that_DD1 School_NN1 Certificate_NN1 subject_NN1 choice_NN1 and_CC attainment_NN1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 function_NN1 of_IO student_NN1 *'_" general_JJ ability_NN1 **'_" rather_CS21 than_CS22 of_IO other_JJ factors_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 subject_NN1 availability_NN1 ,_, teacher_NN1 quality_NN1 ,_, the_AT flexibility_NN1 of_IO the_AT school_NN1 programme_NN1 ,_, staff/_FO student_NN1 ratio_NN1 ,_, student_NN1 effort_NN1 and_CC motivation_NN1 or_CC socio-economic_JJ factors_NN2 related_VVN to_II the_AT school_NN1 catchment_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT only_JJ *'_" evidence_NN1 **'_" comes_VVZ from_II *4_NULL within_II *0_NULL the_AT School_NN1 Certificate_NN1 data_NN ,_, {_NULL i.e._REX }_NULL before_II the_AT scores_NN2 are_VBR subjected_VVN to_II means_NN analysis_NN1 ,_, the_AT correlations_NN2 between_II marks_NN2 in_II some_DD subjects_NN2 are_VBR high_JJ and_CC those_DD2 between_II others_NN2 are_VBR low_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB ,_, of_IO itself_PPX1 this_DD1 tells_VVZ us_PPIO2 nothing_PN1 about_II the_AT *'_" ability_NN1 **'_" of_IO the_AT students_NN2 ,_, unless_CS we_PPIS2 assume_VV0 what_DDQ has_VHZ to_TO be_VBI proved_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL From_II this_DD1 point_NN1 on_II the_AT data_NN are_VBR treated_VVN as_CS21 if_CS22 the_AT assumption_NN1 were_VBDR true_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT current_JJ School_NN1 Certificate_NN1 data_NN can_VM not_XX ,_, therefore_RR ,_, be_VBI meaningfully_RR correlated_VVN with_IW external_JJ and_CC independent_JJ measures_NN2 of_IO *'_" general_JJ ability_NN1 **'_" because_CS they_PPHS2 are_VBR already_RR influenced_VVN by_II the_AT statistical_JJ treatment_NN1 of_IO the_AT results_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ itself_PPX1 based_VVN on_II the_AT same_DA construct_NN1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL *<_NULL *1_NULL Assumption_NP1 3_MC :_: *>_NULL ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT third_MD assumption_NN1 relating_VVG to_II the_AT selective_JJ significance_NN1 of_IO *'_" general_JJ ability_NN1 **'_" is_VBZ also_RR highly_RR dubious_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Even_CS21 if_CS22 general_JJ ability_NN1 exists_VVZ and_CC correlates_VVZ with_IW subject_JJ choice_NN1 ,_, why_RRQ should_VM this_DD1 have_VHI significance_NN1 in_II the_AT selection_NN1 process_NN1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL Ability_NN1 ,_, however_RGQV defined_JJ and_CC operationalised_VVD ,_, may_VM influence_VVI subject_JJ choice_NN1 and_CC performance_NN1 ,_, but_II21 for_II22 each_DD1 student_NN1 this_DD1 should_VM be_VBI reflected_VVN in_II the_AT marks_NN2 or_CC grades_NN2 attained_VVD in_II the_AT subject_NN1 in_II question_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Marks_NP1 should_VM not_XX be_VBI tampered_VVN with_IW so_CS21 that_CS22 a_AT1 particular_JJ student_NN1 's_VBZ result_NN1 is_VBZ influenced_VVN by_II the_AT results_NN2 of_IO others_NN2 who_PNQS are_VBR alike_RR only_RR in_RP that_CST they_PPHS2 are_VBR taking_VVG the_AT same_DA combination_NN1 of_IO subjects_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL At_II primary_NN1 or_CC intermediate_JJ school_NN1 no_AT effort_NN1 is_VBZ made_VVN to_TO link_VVI performance_NN1 in_II Mathematics_NN1 with_IW that_DD1 in_II Language_NN1 or_CC Social_JJ Studies_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Nor_CC are_VBR such_DA things_NN2 considered_VVN in_II the_AT regular_JJ teaching_NN1 and_CC assessment_NN1 of_IO subjects_NN2 at_II secondary_JJ school_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Similarly_RR ,_, in_II tertiary_JJ institutions_NN2 ,_, subject_JJ examinations_NN2 are_VBR treated_VVN separately_RR such_CS21 that_CS22 a_AT1 pass_NN1 in_II a_AT1 Computer_NN1 Science_NN1 paper_NN1 has_VHZ no_AT bearing_NN1 upon_II results_NN2 in_II French_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 certainly_RR would_VM make_VVI no_AT sense_NN1 to_TO scale_VVI up_RP passes_NN2 in_II Surgery_NN1 because_CS everyone_PN1 did_VDD well_RR in_II Pharmacology_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 would_VM ,_, indeed_RR ,_, be_VBI very_RG dangerous_JJ ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL *<_NULL What_DDQ Does_VDZ School_NN1 Certificate_NN1 Really_RR Test_NN1 ?_? ^ *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL If_CS we_PPIS2 want_VV0 to_TO select_VVI people_NN capable_JJ of_IO speaking_VVG Maori_NP1 ,_, solving_VVG quadratic_JJ equations_NN2 or_CC producing_VVG pleasing_JJ pieces_NN2 of_IO pottery_NN1 the_AT sensible_JJ procedure_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO devise_VVI ways_NN2 of_IO assessing_VVG their_APPGE competence_NN1 in_II the_AT skill_NN1 in_II question_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL School_NN1 Certificate_NN1 fails_VVZ to_TO do_VDI this_DD1 ._. ^ ^_NULL What_DDQ ,_, after_II all_DB ,_, is_VBZ the_AT point_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 score_NN1 which_DDQ in_II 1983_MC means_VVZ *'_" she_PPHS1 ca_VM n't_XX speak_VVI Maori_NP1 (_( solve_VV0 quadratic_JJ equations_NN2 ,_, produce_NN1 pieces_NN2 of_IO pottery_NN1 \_NULL etc_RA ._. )_) ^ **'_" and_CC in_II 1984_MC means_VVZ *'_" she_PPHS1 can_VM **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL Despite_II the_AT protestations_NN2 that_CST it_PPH1 is_VBZ important_JJ to_TO keep_VVI marks_NN2 comparable_JJ year_NNT1 to_II year_NNT1 ,_, the_AT modifications_NN2 made_VVN in_II 1984_MC entail_VV0 just_RR the_AT opposite_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Thus_RR an_AT1 understandable_JJ response_NN1 to_II weighty_JJ political_JJ criticism_NN1 has_VHZ laid_VVN bare_VV0 the_AT indefensible_JJ logic_NN1 which_DDQ underpins_VVZ the_AT use_NN1 of_IO School_NN1 Certificate_NN1 for_IF selection_NN1 purposes_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_RR21 addition_RR22 ,_, hierarchical_JJ scaling_NN1 converts_VVZ educationally_RR useful_JJ results_NN2 into_II a_AT1 set_NN1 of_IO marks_NN2 ordered_VVN according_II21 to_II22 a_AT1 hypothesised_JJ *'_" general_JJ ability_NN1 **'_" construct_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Though_CS School_NN1 Certificate_NN1 is_VBZ believed_VVN by_II many_DA2 to_TO be_VBI an_AT1 assessment_NN1 of_IO educational_JJ attainment_NN1 ,_, hierarchical_JJ scaling_NN1 goes_VVZ a_AT1 long_JJ way_NN1 towards_II converting_VVG the_AT examination_NN1 into_II an_AT1 elaborate_JJ national_JJ test_NN1 of_IO scholastic_JJ ability_NN1 or_CC *'_" intelligence_NN1 **'_" ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 242+TEXT+G55_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL You_PPY all_DB know_VV0 gynaecologists_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 're_VBR the_AT guys_NN2 who_PNQS get_VV0 paid_VVN to_TO make_VVI women_NN2 take_VVI off_RP their_APPGE clothes_NN2 ,_, lie_VV0 down_RP on_II their_APPGE backs_NN2 and_CC open_VV0 their_APPGE legs_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL They_PPHS2 're_VBR men_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 know_VV0 what_DDQ it_PPH1 's_VBZ like_JJ to_TO have_VHI periods_NN2 and_CC pregnancies_NN2 ,_, menstrual_JJ cramps_NN2 ,_, labour_NN1 pains_NN2 ,_, diaphragms_NN2 ,_, discharges_NN2 and_CC all_DB the_AT other_JJ things_NN2 that_CST make_VV0 for_IF polite_JJ dinner_NN1 party_NN conversation_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Women_NN2 have_VH0 a_AT1 folksy_JJ sort_NN1 of_IO relationship_NN1 with_IW them_PPHO2 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 just_RR drop_VV0 by_II every_AT1 now_RT and_CC then_RT to_TO peel_VVI off_RP their_APPGE tights_NN2 ,_, yank_NN1 down_RP their_APPGE knickers_NN2 and_CC flash_VV0 it_PPH1 around_RP a_PN121 bit_PN122 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 're_VBR like_II your_APPGE mechanic_JJ ,_, let_VM21 's_VM22 say_VVI ,_, or_CC your_APPGE grocer_NN1 *-_- just_RR plain_JJ folks_NN2 with_IW a_AT1 limited_JJ interest_NN1 in_II you_PPY ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 get_VV0 to_II grips_NN2 with_IW your_APPGE cervix_NN1 ,_, and_CC you_PPY lie_VV0 there_RL quietly_RR thinking_VVG about_II the_AT pot_NN1 roast_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 's_VBZ a_AT1 quiet_JJ and_CC peaceful_JJ life_NN1 for_IF gynaecologists_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX 's_VBZ skiing_VVG to_TO do_VDI ,_, and_CC trips_VVZ to_II conferences_NN2 in_II Hawaii_NP1 ;_; there_EX 's_VBZ golf_NN1 to_TO play_VVI ,_, and_CC fourth_MD bathrooms_NN2 to_TO be_VBI built_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL Like_II that_DD1 other_JJ attendant_NN1 on_II women_NN2 's_GE private_JJ parts_NN2 ,_, the_AT pimp_NN1 ,_, gynaecologists_NN2 do_VD0 n't_XX go_VVI short_JJ of_IO the_AT ready_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Unlike_II the_AT pimp_NN1 ,_, though_CS ,_, the_AT gynaecologist_NN1 does_VDZ n't_XX go_VVI in_RP for_IF flashy_JJ suits_NN2 and_CC diamond-studded_JJ bridgework_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 's_VBZ more_RRR the_AT man_NN1 for_IF tweeds_NN2 ,_, and_CC well-polished_JJ brogues_NN2 ,_, and_CC your_APPGE good_JJ old-fashioned_JJ hair_NN1 oil_NN1 rather_II21 than_II22 your_APPGE ultra-modern_JJ gels_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 's_VBZ more_RGR upper_JJ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL -class_JJ in_II his_APPGE automobile_NN1 tastes_NN2 ..._... running_VVG to_II European_JJ imports_NN2 rather_II21 than_II22 two-toned_JJ American_JJ things_NN2 with_IW fins_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL He_PPHS1 also_RR has_VHZ a_AT1 wife_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 paints_VVZ autumn-toned_JJ cowsheds_NN2 in_II oils_NN2 ,_, and_CC went_VVD to_II a_AT1 private_JJ school_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 has_VHZ a_AT1 meaningful_JJ relationship_NN1 with_IW the_AT pate_NN1 *?_NULL 2_MC attachment_NN1 on_II her_APPGE Kenwood_NP1 ,_, and_CC she_PPHS1 's_VBZ a_AT1 realist_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 does_VDZ n't_XX mind_VVI that_CST her_APPGE husband_NN1 spends_VVZ all_DB day_NNT1 examining_VVG what_DDQ 's_VBZ underneath_II other_JJ women_NN2 's_GE knickers_NN2 with_IW specially_RR devised_JJ searchlights_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 understands_VVZ that_CST it_PPH1 's_VBZ all_RR in_II a_AT1 day_NNT1 's_GE work_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *2_NULL YOU_PPY REALISE_VV0 THAT_CST *0_NULL we_PPIS2 are_VBR talking_VVG about_II rational_JJ men_NN2 ,_, who_PNQS have_VH0 received_VVN **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL expensive_JJ educations_NN2 at_II universities_NN2 ,_, men_NN2 who_PNQS are_VBR likely_JJ to_TO be_VBI the_AT sons_NN2 of_IO professional_JJ men_NN2 themselves_PPX2 *-_- the_AT sort_NN1 of_IO men_NN2 who_PNQS do_VD0 n't_XX kick_VVI their_APPGE sons_NN2 out_II21 of_II22 home_NN1 when_RRQ they_PPHS2 're_VBR 10_MC to_TO seek_VVI their_APPGE fortunes_NN2 ,_, but_CCB who_PNQS invest_VV0 in_II their_APPGE futures_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL You_PPY do_VD0 n't_XX see_VVI future_JJ gynaecologists_NN2 glue-sniffing_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 're_VBR off_II the_AT streets_NN2 somewhere_RL ,_, shoving_VVG butterflies_NN2 into_II jars_NN2 of_IO formaldehyde_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 learn_VV0 their_APPGE scientific_JJ detachment_NN1 when_RRQ young_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL So_RR when_RRQ gynaecologists_NN2 get_VV0 upset_VVN ,_, I_PPIS1 listen_VV0 ._. ^ ^_NULL Lately_NP1 ,_, they_PPHS2 've_VH0 been_VBN very_RG upset_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ because_CS women_NN2 my_APPGE age_NN1 are_VBR getting_VVG cervical_JJ cancer_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC we_PPIS2 're_VBR getting_VVG it_PPH1 because_CS we_PPIS2 do_VD0 n't_XX go_VVI along_RP for_IF our_APPGE internal_JJ examinations_NN2 often_RR enough_RR ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT gynaecologists_NN2 are_VBR saying_VVG that_CST it_PPH1 need_VM only_RR happen_VVI once_RR a_AT1 year_NNT1 ,_, this_DD1 thing_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL That_CST it_PPH1 does_VDZ n't_XX hurt_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL That_CST it_PPH1 does_VDZ n't_XX even_RR feel_VVI uncomfortable_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL That_CST it_PPH1 's_VBZ a_AT1 neutral_JJ sort_NN1 of_IO experience_NN1 ,_, and_CC that_CST they_PPHS2 ca_VM n't_XX understand_VVI why_RRQ women_NN2 stay_VV0 away_II21 from_II22 it_PPH1 in_II such_DA droves_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Frankly_NP1 ,_, I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ amazed_JJ when_CS all_DB this_DD1 came_VVD out_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 ,_, who_PNQS have_VH0 always_RR adored_VVN stripping_VVG in_II31 front_II32 of_II33 strange_JJ men_NN2 ,_, jumping_VVG up_RP onto_II couches_NN2 and_CC opening_VVG my_APPGE legs_NN2 ,_, found_VVD it_PPH1 impossible_JJ to_TO imagine_VVI women_NN2 who_PNQS did_VDD not_XX relish_VVI the_AT experience_NN1 *-_- even_RR seek_VV0 it_PPH1 out_RP ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 approached_VVD the_AT gynaecologists_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 knew_VVD that_CST I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ the_AT woman_NN1 they_PPHS2 needed_VVD to_TO sell_VVI their_APPGE smear_NN1 tests_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 knew_VVD that_CST I_PPIS1 would_VM tell_VVI it_PPH1 like_II it_PPH1 is_VBZ ._. ^ ^_NULL If_CS I_PPIS1 could_VM n't_XX sell_VVI a_AT1 speculum_NN1 ,_, no-one_PN1 could_VM ._. ^ ^_NULL Let_VM21 's_VM22 face_VVI it_PPH1 ,_, the_AT product_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 cinch_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT first_MD thing_NN1 about_II a_AT1 speculum_NN1 is_VBZ that_CST it_PPH1 gets_VVZ inserted_VVN into_II you_PPY *1_NULL for_IF your_APPGE own_DA good_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL And_CC what_DDQ 's_VBZ more_RRR ,_, doctors_NN2 have_VH0 found_VVN out_RP that_CST they_PPHS2 can_VM even_RR be_VBI warmed_VVN up_RP ,_, rather_II21 than_II22 inserted_JJ cold_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ the_AT sort_NN1 of_IO mental_JJ revelation_NN1 that_CST periodically_RR shakes_VVZ the_AT world_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Men_NN2 have_VH0 them_PPHO2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL But_CCB the_AT second_MD and_CC main_JJ thing_NN1 ,_, is_VBZ that_DD1 speculums_NN2 get_VV0 inserted_VVN by_II gynaecologists_NN2 ,_, rational_JJ men_NN2 who_PNQS know_VV0 how_RRQ it_PPH1 feels_VVZ to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 woman_NN1 because_CS they_PPHS2 learned_VVD it_PPH1 at_II university_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC because_CS they_PPHS2 know_VV0 how_RRQ it_PPH1 feels_VVZ to_TO be_VBI one_MC1 of_IO us_PPIO2 ,_, they_PPHS2 also_RR know_VV0 what_DDQ 's_VBZ best_JJT for_IF us_PPIO2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX are_VBR some_DD women_NN2 who_PNQS have_VH0 not_XX yet_RR experienced_VVN a_AT1 gynaecologist_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL My_APPGE television_NN1 commercial_NN1 is_VBZ aimed_VVN at_II them_PPHO2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 's_VBZ just_RR realistic_JJ ,_, with_IW no_AT frills_NN2 ,_, because_CS the_AT speculum_NN1 and_CC its_APPGE driver_NN1 ,_, the_AT gynaecologist_NN1 ,_, speak_VV0 for_IF themselves_PPX2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 starts_VVZ with_IW vaseline_NN1 on_II the_AT lens_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL That_DD1 gives_VVZ it_PPH1 a_AT1 friendly_JJ ,_, dream-like_JJ quality_NN1 not_XX unlike_II the_AT real_JJ experience_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 stars_VVZ a_AT1 young_JJ woman_NN1 ,_, because_CS young_JJ women_NN2 are_VBR interesting_JJ to_TO look_VVI at_II ,_, and_CC she_PPHS1 's_VBZ pretty_JJ ,_, because_CS that_DD1 's_VBZ the_AT only_JJ kind_NN1 of_IO woman_NN1 worth_II looking_VVG at_II ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 does_VDZ n't_XX know_VVI it_PPH1 yet_RR ,_, but_CCB she_PPHS1 needs_VVZ a_AT1 gynaecologist_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL We_PPIS2 first_MD see_VV0 her_APPGE striding_VVG along_RP a_AT1 country_NN1 lane_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 spring_NN1 in_II her_APPGE step_NN1 *-_- an_AT1 involuntary_JJ skip_NN1 at_II times_NNT2 *-_- which_DDQ lets_VVZ us_PPIO2 know_VVI ,_, because_CS we_PPIS2 have_VH0 seen_VVN other_JJ commercials_NN2 ,_, that_CST she_PPHS1 must_VM be_VBI menstruating_VVG ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT sheer_JJ joy_NN1 of_IO her_APPGE condition_NN1 makes_VVZ her_APPGE leap_NN1 over_II puddles_NN2 and_CC blow_NN1 kisses_VVZ to_II elderly_JJ men_NN2 who_PNQS are_VBR pruning_VVG their_APPGE roses_NN2 quietly_RR with_IW young_JJ retriever_NN1 dogs_NN2 at_II their_APPGE feet_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL After_CS a_AT1 split_JJ second_NNT1 or_CC so_CS of_IO this_DD1 *-_- time_NNT1 is_VBZ money_NN1 *-_- you_PPY realise_VV0 that_CST she_PPHS1 wants_VVZ to_TO do_VDI something_PN1 today_RT that_DD1 is_VBZ really_RR special_JJ *-_- better_JJR than_CSN eating_VVG a_AT1 chocolate_NN1 bar_NN1 ,_, using_VVG a_AT1 vacuum_NN1 cleaner_NN1 or_CC testing_VVG liquid_JJ detergent_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 pauses_VVZ outside_II a_AT1 gynaecologist_NN1 's_VBZ office_NN1 *-_- a_AT1 folksy_JJ little_JJ cottage_NN1 overgrown_VVN with_IW creepers_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL You_PPY can_VM tell_VVI it_PPH1 's_VBZ a_AT1 gynaecologist_NN1 's_VBZ office_NN1 because_CS it_PPH1 has_VHZ a_AT1 {_NULL BMW_NP }_NULL parked_VVN outside_RL ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ the_AT work_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 moment_NN1 before_II our_APPGE impulsive_JJ and_CC attractive_JJ heroine_NN1 springs_NN2 through_II the_AT doors_NN2 into_II a_AT1 sumptuously-appointed_JJ waiting_NN1 room_NN1 stacked_VVD with_IW copies_NN2 of_IO *1_NULL The_AT London_NP1 Illustrated_JJ News_NN1 *0_NULL and_CC *1_NULL National_JJ Geographic_JJ *-_- *0_NULL magazines_NN2 printed_VVD exclusively_RR for_IF the_AT waiting_JJ rooms_NN2 of_IO gynaecologists_NN2 and_CC dentists_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 friendly_JJ receptionist_NN1 greets_VVZ her_PPHO1 with_IW a_AT1 cheery_JJ smile_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT friendly_JJ young_JJ nurse_NN1 leads_VVZ the_AT way_NN1 into_II a_AT1 surgery_NN1 ,_, decorated_VVN with_IW medical_JJ certificates_NN2 and_CC autumn-toned_JJ oil_NN1 paintings_NN2 ,_, and_CC behind_II the_AT desk_NN1 the_AT friendly_JJ gynaecologist_NN1 produces_VVZ a_AT1 speculum_NN1 !_! ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Remember_VV0 ,_, there_EX is_VBZ still_RR vaseline_VV0 on_II the_AT lens_NN1 so_CS21 that_CS22 the_AT speculum_NN1 appears_VVZ in_II its_APPGE best_JJT possible_JJ light_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT gynaecologist_NN1 looks_VVZ like_II Matt_NP1 Dillon_NP1 *-_- as_CSA so_RG many_DA2 do_VD0 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX are_VBR no_AT black_JJ ,_, curly_JJ hairs_NN2 on_II his_APPGE finger_NN1 joints_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL We_PPIS2 need_VV0 a_AT1 burst_NN1 of_IO song_NN1 here_RL ._. ^ ^_NULL Something_PN1 about_II a_AT1 girl_NN1 's_GE best_JJT friend_NN1 ,_, and_CC what_DDQ to_TO do_VDI when_CS you_PPY need_VV0 a_DD121 little_DD122 extra_JJ something_PN1 in_II your_APPGE life_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 's_VBZ a_AT1 duet_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL We_PPIS2 have_VH0 to_TO be_VBI practical_JJ now_RT ,_, because_CS television_NN1 does_VDZ n't_XX show_VVI all_DB ,_, so_CS we_PPIS2 cut_VV0 away_RP to_II a_AT1 passionate_JJ ,_, stirring_VVG solo_RR on_II the_AT violin_NN1 ,_, and_CC close-ups_NN2 of_IO greenery_NN1 in_II a_AT1 forest_NN1 canopy_NN1 ,_, with_IW little_JJ fantails_NN2 darting_VVG in_RP and_CC out_RP catching_VVG insects_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL And_CC we_PPIS2 go_VV0 back_RP from_II this_DD1 to_II our_APPGE heroine_NN1 smoothing_VVG on_II her_APPGE tights_NN2 ,_, and_CC saying_VVG she_PPHS1 did_VDD n't_XX even_RR notice_VVI that_CST she_PPHS1 just_RR had_VHN an_AT1 internal_JJ examination_NN1 because_CS she_PPHS1 was_VBDZ having_VHG so_RG much_DA1 fun_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL We_PPIS2 end_VV0 the_AT commercial_JJ on_II a_AT1 shot_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE heroine_NN1 admiring_VVG the_AT family_NN photos_NN2 on_II the_AT gynaecologist_NN1 's_VBZ desk_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT kids_NN2 have_VH0 appealing_JJ buck_NN1 teeth_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 's_VBZ simple_JJ ,_, but_CCB it_PPH1 tells_VVZ the_AT whole_JJ story_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Grown_NP1 gynaecologists_NN2 will_VM probably_RR break_VVI down_RP and_CC weep_VVI when_RRQ they_PPHS2 see_VV0 it_PPH1 ,_, but_CCB I_PPIS1 ca_VM n't_XX be_VBI held_VVN responsible_JJ for_IF such_DA emotional_JJ people_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 've_VH0 got_VVN a_AT1 job_NN1 to_TO do_VDI ._. ^ ^_NULL Just_RR telling_VVG it_PPH1 like_II it_PPH1 is_VBZ ._. ^ *<_NULL *6_NULL POLITICS_NN *>_NULL ^ *<_NULL *2_NULL BY_II KEITH_NP1 OVENDEN_NP1 *>_NULL ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Muldoon_NP1 The_AT Mouthpiece_NP1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Some_DD say_VV0 that_CST the_AT history_NN1 of_IO the_AT world_NN1 is_VBZ moulded_VVN by_II impersonal_JJ social_JJ forces_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Others_NN2 say_VV0 that_CST events_NN2 are_VBR made_VVN by_II great_JJ men_NN2 and_CC women_NN2 who_PNQS ,_, for_RR21 good_RR22 or_CC ill_JJ ,_, compel_NN1 things_NN2 to_TO turn_VVI out_RP as_CSA they_PPHS2 do_VD0 ._. ^ ^_NULL Those_DD2 of_IO us_PPIO2 still_RR clinging_VVG to_II rationality_NN1 know_VV0 that_CST neither_DD1 is_VBZ wholly_RR right_JJ ,_, but_CCB have_VH0 trouble_NN1 showing_VVG why_RRQ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Part_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE difficulty_NN1 flows_VVZ from_II the_AT fact_NN1 that_CST even_CS21 when_CS22 it_PPH1 can_VM clearly_RR be_VBI established_VVN that_CST some_DD individuals_NN2 '_GE actions_NN2 have_VH0 indeed_RR made_VVN a_AT1 difference_NN1 ,_, often_RR it_PPH1 turns_VVZ out_RP that_CST the_AT individuals_NN2 concerned_JJ did_VDD not_XX understand_VVI what_DDQ they_PPHS2 were_VBDR doing_VDG ._. ^ ^_NULL Or_CC that_CST they_PPHS2 thought_VVD they_PPHS2 were_VBDR doing_VDG one_MC1 thing_NN1 when_RRQ they_PPHS2 were_VBDR in_II fact_NN1 doing_VDG another_DD1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Take_VV0 the_AT opposition_NN1 front_JJ bench_NN1 reshuffle_NN1 ,_, for_REX21 instance_REX22 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT wake_NN1 of_IO the_AT unfortunate_JJ McLay_NP1 's_GE defeat_NN1 as_II leader_NN1 ,_, and_CC in_II recognition_NN1 of_IO the_AT weight_NN1 that_CST the_AT Sunday_NPD1 club_NN scrum_NN1 carries_VVZ in_II National_JJ Party_NNJ sentiment_NN1 ,_, Bolger_NP1 had_VHD little_DA1 option_NN1 but_CCB to_TO promote_VVI the_AT former_DA leader_NN1 (_( and_CC his_APPGE erstwhile_JJ patron_NN1 )_) Muldoon_NP1 from_II the_AT backmost_JJ seat_NN1 in_II the_AT House_NN1 to_II somewhere_RL plausibly_RR close_RR to_II the_AT cockpit_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Making_VVG him_PPHO1 opposition_NN1 spokesman_NN1 on_II foreign_JJ affairs_NN2 was_VBDZ not_XX an_AT1 obvious_JJ thing_NN1 to_TO do_VDI ,_, but_CCB it_PPH1 had_VHD advantages_NN2 in_II that_DD1 it_PPH1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 clearly_RR defined_VVN offshore_JJ field_NN1 ;_; it_PPH1 offered_VVD the_AT possibility_NN1 of_IO securing_VVG an_AT1 otherwise_RR loose_JJ cannon_NN1 to_II a_AT1 durable_JJ mounting_NN1 ;_; and_CC with_IW the_AT exception_NN1 of_IO {_NULL EEC_NP1 }_NULL quota_NN1 questions_NN2 ,_, the_AT Australian_JJ connection_NN1 ,_, and_CC various_JJ other_JJ bits_NN2 and_CC pieces_NN2 of_IO world_NN1 trade_NN1 ,_, looked_VVD likely_JJ to_TO keep_VVI him_PPHO1 firmly_RR out_II21 of_II22 economic_JJ affairs_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *2_NULL IT_PPH1 WAS_VBDZ IMPORTANT_JJ *0_NULL that_CST this_DD1 last_MD objective_NN1 should_VM be_VBI achieved_VVN for_IF two_MC reasons_NN2 :_: firstly_RR because_CS anything_PN1 Muldoon_NP1 might_VM say_VVI about_II the_AT economy_NN1 would_VM instantly_RR far_RR outshine_VVI anything_PN1 the_AT leader_NN1 or_CC his_APPGE deputy_NN1 might_VM be_VBI on_II the_AT point_NN1 of_IO saying_VVG ;_; and_CC secondly_RR because_CS the_AT Muldoon_NP1 line_NN1 on_II economic_JJ management_NN is_VBZ so_RG completely_RR discredited_VVN in_II the_AT eyes_NN2 of_IO economic_JJ policymakers_NN2 in_II both_DB2 the_AT public_NN and_CC private_JJ sectors_NN2 ,_, especially_RR in_II Wellington_NP1 ,_, that_CST any_DD return_NN1 to_II this_DD1 former_DA field_NN1 would_VM **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL bring_VVI down_RP a_AT1 hail_NN1 of_IO criticism_NN1 from_II the_AT marketplace_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Given_VVN the_AT crucial_JJ role_NN1 played_VVN in_II the_AT formation_NN1 of_IO public_JJ opinion_NN1 by_II precisely_RR these_DD2 people_NN ,_, this_DD1 was_VBDZ not_XX something_PN1 that_CST Bolger_NP1 or_CC his_APPGE advisers_NN2 could_VM sensibly_RR risk_VVI ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 doubt_VV0 that_CST it_PPH1 occurred_VVD to_II anybody_PN1 that_CST making_VVG Muldoon_NP1 foreign_JJ affairs_NN2 spokesman_NN1 would_VM do_VDI anything_PN1 other_II21 than_II22 provide_VV0 him_PPHO1 with_IW a_AT1 place_NN1 where_RRQ nothing_PN1 mattered_VVD very_RG much_DA1 ,_, and_CC from_II which_DDQ he_PPHS1 could_VM have_VHI a_AT1 go_NN1 at_II the_AT Prime_JJ Minister_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Times_NP1 have_VH0 changed_VVN ,_, however_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL While_CS few_DA2 people_NN were_VBDR watching_VVG ,_, foreign_JJ affairs_NN2 came_VVD to_TO matter_VVI a_AT1 very_RG great_JJ deal_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Hardly_RR was_VBDZ Muldoon_NP1 installed_VVD at_II the_AT bottom_NN1 of_IO the_AT opposition_NN1 chorus_NN 's_GE top_JJ octave_NN1 than_CSN the_AT Americans_NN2 began_VVD bombing_VVG Libya_NP1 ;_; \_NULL Messrs_NNB Noir_NP1 and_CC Guillaume_NP1 started_VVD shooting_VVG off_RP their_APPGE mouths_NN2 about_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 trade_NN1 access_NN1 to_II France_NP1 and_CC the_AT problem_NN1 of_IO the_AT imprisoned_JJ French_JJ agents_NN2 ;_; the_AT Americans_NN2 ,_, in_II the_AT form_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE new_JJ ambassador_NN1 to_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 ,_, \_NULL Mr_NNB Cleveland_NP1 ,_, started_VVD to_TO indicate_VVI that_CST all_DB defence_NN1 agreements_NN2 between_II the_AT United_NP States_NP1 and_CC New_NP Zealand_NP1 would_VM have_VHI to_TO be_VBI cancelled_VVN if_CSW nuclear_JJ ships_NN2 could_VM not_XX resume_VVI port_NN1 visits_VVZ here_RL ;_; and_CC our_APPGE top_NN1 30_MC rugby_NN1 players_NN2 set_VV0 off_RP for_IF South_NP Africa_NP1 without_IW asking_VVG permission_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *2_NULL THESE_DD2 WERE_VBDR NOT_XX *0_NULL just_RR funny_JJ foreign_JJ events_NN2 of_IO no_AT interest_NN1 to_II the_AT public_NN at_RR21 large_RR22 ._. ^ ^_NULL Unlike_II a_DD221 few_DD222 years_NNT2 ago_RA ,_, foreign_JJ affairs_NN2 now_RT seem_VV0 to_TO matter_VVI a_PN31 great_PN32 deal_PN33 to_II New_JJ Zealanders_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL As_II a_AT1 part_NN1 of_IO the_AT evolution_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 self-confident_JJ new_JJ generation_NN1 with_IW strong_JJ ideas_NN2 on_II nationhood_NN1 ,_, the_AT new_JJ interest_NN1 in_II what_DDQ is_VBZ going_VVG on_RP in_II the_AT world_NN1 ,_, and_CC New_NP Zealand_NP1 's_VBZ having_VHG an_AT1 independent_JJ viewpoint_NN1 about_II it_PPH1 ,_, has_VHZ been_VBN a_AT1 quiet_JJ but_CCB plausibly_RR real_JJ revolution_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II this_DD1 context_NN1 of_IO public_JJ awareness_NN1 ,_, the_AT government_NN has_VHZ been_VBN pursuing_VVG a_AT1 line_NN1 on_II foreign_JJ policy_NN1 that_CST is_VBZ full_JJ of_IO risks_NN2 ,_, and_CC risks_NN2 which_DDQ are_VBR generally_RR well-understood_JJ by_II the_AT public_JJ itself_PPX1 ._. ^ ^_NULL What_DDQ the_AT opposition_NN1 has_VHZ to_TO say_VVI about_II foreign_JJ affairs_NN2 does_VDZ get_VVI listened_JJ to_II and_CC unlike_II a_DD221 few_DD222 years_NNT2 ago_RA ,_, it_PPH1 gets_VVZ listened_VVN to_II very_RG closely_RR indeed_RR ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT fact_NN1 is_VBZ emphasised_VVN by_II another_DD1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT media_NN are_VBR full_JJ of_IO reasonably_RR literal-minded_JJ people_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 believe_VV0 it_PPH1 only_RR fair_JJ that_CST Her_APPGE Majesty_NN1 's_VBZ opposition_NN1 should_VM be_VBI heard_VVN ,_, and_CC when_CS there_EX is_VBZ an_AT1 important_JJ event_NN1 in_II international_JJ relations_NN2 they_PPHS2 will_VM turn_VVI to_TO whomever_PNQV is_VBZ designated_JJ spokesman_NN1 to_TO get_VVI the_AT appropriate_JJ point_NN1 of_IO view_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT result_NN1 is_VBZ that_CST Muldoon_NP1 constantly_RR finds_VVZ himself_PPX1 being_VBG interviewed_VVN on_II questions_NN2 of_IO international_JJ affairs_NN2 and_CC diplomacy_NN1 ,_, fields_NN2 in_II which_DDQ he_PPHS1 has_VHZ little_RR if_CS any_DD real_JJ experience_NN1 ,_, and_CC for_IF which_DDQ his_APPGE notorious_JJ chin-jutting_JJ style_NN1 ,_, hacksaw_NN1 voice_NN1 ,_, and_CC preference_NN1 for_IF *1_NULL {_NULL ad_JJ21 hominem_JJ22 }_NULL argument_NN1 are_VBR supremely_RR inappropriate_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Muldoon_NP1 is_VBZ not_XX especially_RR interested_JJ in_II foreign_JJ affairs_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL If_CS his_APPGE remarks_NN2 thus_RR far_RR are_VBR anything_PN1 to_TO go_VVI by_RP ,_, he_PPHS1 holds_VVZ a_AT1 childishly_RR simple_JJ view_NN1 of_IO the_AT world_NN1 (_( *"_" ^_NULL Gaddafi_NP1 is_VBZ the_AT mad_JJ dog_NN1 **"_" of_IO international_JJ relations_NN2 )_) ,_, and_CC no_AT forward-looking_JJ ideas_NN2 that_CST might_VM be_VBI thought_VVN to_TO constitute_VVI a_AT1 perception_NN1 of_IO the_AT role_NN1 New_NP Zealand_NP1 might_VM play_VVI in_II the_AT international_JJ community_NNJ by_II ,_, let_VVD us_PPIO2 say_NN1 ,_, the_AT turn_NN1 of_IO the_AT century_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 has_VHZ rarely_RR ,_, if_CS ever_RR ,_, been_VBN involved_JJ in_II a_AT1 formal_JJ way_NN1 with_IW the_AT analysis_NN1 of_IO foreign_JJ policy_NN1 questions_NN2 ,_, was_VBDZ never_RR comfortable_JJ with_IW the_AT diplomatic_JJ establishment_NN ,_, and_CC generally_RR used_VVD his_APPGE forays_NN2 into_II foreign_JJ policy_NN1 when_RRQ he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ Prime_JJ Minister_NN1 as_II a_AT1 device_NN1 for_IF raising_VVG the_AT support_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE domestic_JJ followers_NN2 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 243+TEXT+G56_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL One_MC1 of_IO the_AT more_RGR critical_JJ questions_NN2 of_IO today_RT is_VBZ what_DDQ significance_NN1 ,_, if_CS any_DD ,_, New_NP Zealand_NP1 's_GE non-nuclear_JJ policy_NN1 might_VM have_VHI in_II the_AT broader_JJR scheme_NN1 of_IO things_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Will_NP1 historians_NN2 of_IO the_AT future_JJ regard_NN1 it_PPH1 as_II a_AT1 passing_JJ aberration_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 small_JJ member_NN1 of_IO the_AT *'_" Western_NP1 Alliance_NP1 **'_" ,_, nothing_PN1 more_DAR than_CSN an_AT1 irritant_NN1 in_II the_AT greater_JJR drama_NN1 of_IO global_JJ strategy_NN1 that_CST is_VBZ played_VVN out_RP from_II one_MC1 decade_NNT1 to_II another_DD1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL Or_CC is_VBZ our_APPGE policy_NN1 of_IO deeper_JJR significance_NN1 ?_? ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 may_VM well_RR be_VBI that_CST New_NP Zealand_NP1 's_GE current_JJ policy_NN1 on_II nuclear_JJ weaponry_NN1 *-_- whatever_DDQV merit_NN1 each_DD1 of_IO us_PPIO2 as_CSA individuals_NN2 might_VM be_VBI disposed_VVN to_TO accord_VVI it_PPH1 *-_- will_VM prove_VVI to_TO be_VBI of_IO quite_RG profound_JJ significance_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL However_RGQV consciously_RR it_PPH1 is_VBZ being_VBG done_VDN ,_, it_PPH1 seems_VVZ we_PPIS2 are_VBR forging_VVG a_AT1 policy_NN1 that_CST may_VM be_VBI heralding_VVG paradigmatic_JJ change_NN1 for_IF international_JJ security_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Human_JJ activity_NN1 in_II all_DB its_APPGE aspects_NN2 is_VBZ governed_VVN by_II paradigms_NN2 of_IO thought_NN1 and_CC belief_NN1 ,_, reflecting_VVG the_AT way_NN1 we_PPIS2 perceive_VV0 reality_NN1 in_II any_DD one_MC1 age_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT quest_NN1 for_IF security_NN1 the_AT behaviour_NN1 of_IO governments_NNJ2 derives_VVZ from_II underlying_JJ precepts_NN2 and_CC principles_NN2 ,_, agreed_JJ ways_NN2 of_IO looking_VVG at_II the_AT world_NN1 as_CSA it_PPH1 exists_VVZ in_II contemporaneous_JJ time_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Beneath_II the_AT polemics_NN2 of_IO the_AT day_NNT1 there_EX lies_VVZ a_AT1 basic_JJ consensus_NN1 over_II the_AT rules_NN2 of_IO the_AT game_NN1 for_IF our_APPGE age_NN1 ,_, an_AT1 agreed_JJ set_NN1 of_IO assumptions_NN2 ,_, premises_NN2 and_CC expected_JJ behaviour_NN1 patterns_NN2 by_II which_DDQ governments_NNJ2 do_VD0 abide_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL Without_IW such_DA a_AT1 common_JJ language_NN1 there_EX would_VM indeed_RR be_VBI chaos_NN1 ,_, at_II a_AT1 most_RGT fundamental_JJ level_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II the_AT days_NNT2 of_IO the_AT ancient_JJ civilisations_NN2 ,_, innate_JJ beliefs_NN2 in_II imperial_JJ divination_NN1 and_CC exclusive_JJ rights_NN2 to_II a_AT1 world_NN1 state_NN1 led_VVD naturally_RR to_II antagonism_NN1 and_CC war_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB this_DD1 was_VBDZ the_AT genesis_NN1 ,_, when_CS humans_NN2 were_VBDR few_DA2 in_II number_NN1 and_CC technology_NN1 left_VVD the_AT world_NN1 largely_RR alone_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL As_II the_AT pace_NN1 of_IO change_NN1 in_II human_JJ affairs_NN2 quickened_VVD and_CC we_PPIS2 entered_VVD the_AT technological_JJ age_NN1 ,_, our_APPGE security_NN1 thinking_VVG took_VVD on_RP a_AT1 new_JJ dimension_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Nation_NN1 states_NN2 emerged_VVD as_II the_AT enduring_JJ political_JJ unit_NN1 of_IO modern_JJ times_NNT2 and_CC our_APPGE efforts_NN2 at_II devising_VVG agreed_JJ rules_NN2 of_IO security_NN1 became_VVD more_RGR compelling_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Europe_NP1 became_VVD a_AT1 closed_JJ polycentric_JJ region_NN1 of_IO states_NN2 ,_, and_CC the_AT strategy_NN1 of_IO maintaining_VVG regional_JJ security_NN1 through_II a_AT1 shifting_JJ balance_NN1 of_IO power_NN1 became_VVD something_PN1 of_IO an_AT1 art_NN1 form_NN1 in_II the_AT nineteenth_MD century_NNT1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Our_APPGE own_DA century_NNT1 has_VHZ seen_VVN several_DA2 ambitious_JJ attempts_NN2 at_II ensuring_VVG international_JJ security_NN1 through_II concerted_JJ action_NN1 at_II the_AT global_JJ level_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL After_CS the_AT shock_NN1 of_IO the_AT First_MD World_NN1 War_NN1 ,_, our_APPGE nations_NN2 devised_VVD a_AT1 modern_JJ system_NN1 of_IO collective_JJ security_NN1 by_II which_DDQ any_DD threatening_JJ conflagration_NN1 would_VM be_VBI extinguished_VVN like_II a_AT1 brushfire_NN1 through_II military_JJ enforcement_NN1 action_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT first_MD attempt_NN1 failed_VVD primarily_RR because_CS the_AT technology_NN1 of_IO the_AT day_NNT1 was_VBDZ not_XX scaled_VVN to_II the_AT global_JJ demands_NN2 of_IO the_AT political_JJ conception_NN1 that_CST was_VBDZ the_AT League_NNJ of_IO Nations_NN2 ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Second_MD failure_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT breakdown_NN1 in_II the_AT security_NN1 system_NN1 in_II the_AT 1930s_MC2 resulted_VVD in_II a_AT1 second_NNT1 global_JJ war_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 second_MD attempt_NN1 at_II the_AT same_DA global_JJ collective_JJ security_NN1 system_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 also_RR collapsed_VVD when_RRQ the_AT veto_NN1 nullified_VVD the_AT essential_JJ point_NN1 on_II which_DDQ the_AT system_NN1 turned_VVD ,_, namely_REX a_AT1 global_JJ consensus_NN1 over_II such_DA debatable_JJ points_NN2 as_II aggression_NN1 ,_, self-determination_JJ and_CC political_JJ justice_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT problem_NN1 with_IW global_JJ action_NN1 as_II a_AT1 paradigm_NN1 of_IO security_NN1 is_VBZ that_CST it_PPH1 requires_VVZ political_JJ concordance_NN1 at_II that_DD1 exalted_JJ level_NN1 ,_, something_PN1 that_CST has_VHZ so_RG far_RR proved_VVN beyond_II the_AT human_JJ grasp_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL With_IW the_AT failure_NN1 of_IO global_JJ collective_JJ security_NN1 a_AT1 second_MD time_NNT1 ,_, our_APPGE governments_NNJ2 firmly_RR retreated_VVD a_DD221 few_DD222 steps_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Two_MC features_NN2 characterised_VVD the_AT more_RGR sober_JJ judgement_NN1 of_IO how_RGQ human_JJ security_NN1 might_VM best_RRT be_VBI ensured_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL First_MD ,_, there_EX was_VBDZ a_AT1 retreat_NN1 after_II the_AT {_NULL UN_NP }_NULL action_NN1 in_II Korea_NP1 from_II the_AT notion_NN1 of_IO collective_JJ global_JJ security_NN1 to_II collective_JJ regional_JJ security_NN1 ,_, one_PN1 which_DDQ reflected_VVD the_AT ideological_JJ divisions_NNJ2 of_IO the_AT time_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Secondly_RR ,_, there_EX was_VBDZ consummated_VVN a_AT1 reliance_NN1 on_II nuclear_JJ weaponry_NN1 ,_, still_RR in_II its_APPGE infancy_NN1 ,_, as_CSA the_AT foundation_NN1 of_IO the_AT system_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT course_NN1 of_IO the_AT 1950s_MC2 ,_, nuclear_JJ deterrence_NN1 emerged_VVD as_II the_AT arbiter_NN1 of_IO last_MD resort_NN1 governing_VVG behaviour_NN1 in_II our_APPGE international_JJ society_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL Human_JJ civilisation_NN1 ,_, or_CC at_RR21 least_RR22 its_APPGE contemporary_JJ version_NN1 standing_VVG on_II the_AT shoulders_NN2 of_IO countless_JJ generations_NN2 before_CS it_PPH1 ,_, rested_VVD on_II the_AT threat_NN1 of_IO one_MC1 society_NN visiting_VVG nuclear_JJ destruction_NN1 upon_II another_DD1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Ugly_JJ parody_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL A_AT1 more_RGR ugly_JJ parody_NN1 of_IO civilised_JJ behaviour_NN1 would_VM be_VBI hard_JJ to_TO imagine_VVI but_RR at_II the_AT time_NNT1 perhaps_RR it_PPH1 seemed_VVD there_EX was_VBDZ no_AT choice_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 network_NN1 of_IO regional_JJ nuclear_JJ defence_NN1 alliances_NN2 sprang_VVD up_RP designed_VVD to_TO underpin_VVI security_NN1 at_II the_AT international_JJ level_NN1 by_II31 means_II32 of_II33 deterrence_NN1 theory_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL With_IW the_AT added_JJ refinement_NN1 of_IO strategic_JJ deterrence_NN1 between_II the_AT super-powers_NN2 once_RR an_AT1 intercontinental_JJ capability_NN1 had_VHD been_VBN acquired_VVN ,_, the_AT system_NN1 has_VHZ remained_VVN the_AT same_DA ever_RR since_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT theory_NN1 has_VHZ evolved_VVN in_II doctrinal_JJ form_NN1 over_II the_AT years_NNT2 *-_- massive_JJ retaliation_NN1 ,_, flexible_JJ response_NN1 ,_, counterforce_NN1 city-avoidance_NN1 ,_, mutual_JJ assured_JJ destruction_NN1 ,_, counterforce_NN1 selective_JJ targetting_NN1 ,_, countervailing_VVG strategy_NN1 *-_- but_CCB the_AT essence_NN1 of_IO deterrence_NN1 has_VHZ remained_VVN constant_JJ as_II the_AT governing_JJ paradigm_NN1 of_IO security_NN1 in_II the_AT contemporary_JJ age_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Today_RT ,_, in_II 1986_MC ,_, our_APPGE security_NN1 system_NN1 rests_VVZ on_II the_AT threat_NN1 of_IO the_AT nuclear_JJ punch_NN1 in_II the_AT event_NN1 things_NN2 go_VV0 wrong_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL As_CSA we_PPIS2 each_DD1 go_NN1 about_II our_APPGE daily_JJ business_NN1 and_CC live_VV0 out_RP our_APPGE lives_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 mortgage_VV0 our_APPGE personal_JJ existences_NN2 to_II the_AT strategic_JJ submarine_NN1 patrolling_VVG the_AT ocean_NN1 depths_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL How_RGQ long_RR such_DA a_AT1 system_NN1 can_VM endure_VVI has_VHZ become_VVN the_AT critical_JJ question_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE time_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Every_AT1 age_NN1 has_VHZ its_APPGE points_NN2 of_IO agony_NN1 and_CC self-doubt_NN1 ,_, but_CCB none_PN has_VHZ had_VHN to_TO face_VVI a_AT1 test_NN1 of_IO its_APPGE truth_NN1 like_II this_DD1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II an_AT1 age_NN1 when_RRQ international_JJ security_NN1 depends_VVZ on_II 20,000_MC strategic_JJ and_CC 30,000_MC tactical_JJ nuclear_JJ weapons_NN2 of_IO which_DDQ only_RR a_AT1 small_JJ fraction_NN1 will_VM trigger_VVI the_AT global_JJ climatic_JJ winter_NNT1 we_PPIS2 have_VH0 only_RR recently_RR learnt_VVN to_TO recognise_VVI ,_, the_AT stakes_NN2 are_VBR ,_, to_TO put_VVI it_PPH1 mildly_RR ,_, high_JJ ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Highest_RRT stake_VV0 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL In_II earlier_JJR ages_NN2 the_AT breakdown_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 security_NN1 system_NN1 resulted_VVD in_II political_JJ and_CC social_JJ trauma_NN1 ,_, but_CCB always_RR within_II the_AT confines_NN2 of_IO the_AT continuing_JJ integrity_NN1 of_IO the_AT system_NN1 as_II a_AT1 whole_NN1 *-_- the_AT total_JJ political_JJ entity_NN1 that_CST was_VBDZ the_AT Mediterranean_NP1 ,_, Europe_NP1 ,_, the_AT world_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 major_JJ war_NN1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 purgative_NN1 ,_, after_II which_DDQ the_AT international_JJ community_NNJ would_VM restore_VVI its_APPGE metabolic_JJ balance_NN1 more_RRR or_CC less_RRR and_CC begin_VV0 anew_RR with_IW a_AT1 security_NN1 system_NN1 generally_RR the_AT better_JJR for_IF the_AT lessons_NN2 of_IO history_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Today_RT ,_, a_AT1 failure_NN1 in_II the_AT working_NN1 of_IO nuclear_JJ deterrence_NN1 will_VM probably_RR prove_VVI terminal_JJ for_IF humankind_NN1 :_: as_II a_AT1 species_NN we_PPIS2 shall_VM either_RR vanish_VVI from_II the_AT face_NN1 of_IO the_AT earth_NN1 or_CC at_RR21 least_RR22 be_VBI greatly_RR altered_VVN for_IF the_AT worse_JJR ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT stake_NN1 is_VBZ at_II its_APPGE highest_JJT :_: what_DDQ is_VBZ the_AT risk_NN1 ?_? ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Assessing_VVG the_AT risk_NN1 of_IO nuclear_JJ war_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 difficult_JJ task_NN1 ,_, indeed_RR it_PPH1 can_VM not_XX be_VBI precisely_RR quantified_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT risk_NN1 is_VBZ real_RG nonetheless_RR and_CC is_VBZ in_II fact_NN1 officially_RR acknowledged_VVD by_II the_AT two_MC super-powers_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ the_AT cost_NN1 of_IO the_AT security_NN1 system_NN1 we_PPIS2 have_VH0 built_VVN up_RP over_II the_AT last_MD three_MC decades_NNT2 ,_, the_AT dubious_JJ progeny_NN1 of_IO modern_JJ technology_NN1 and_CC primeval_JJ instinct_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 do_VD0 not_XX dismiss_VVI the_AT cost_NN1 lightly_RR :_: neither_RR nation_NN1 nor_CC citizen_NN1 wishes_VVZ nuclear_JJ conflict_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB it_PPH1 is_VBZ a_AT1 price_NN1 we_PPIS2 have_VH0 been_VBN prepared_VVN to_TO pay_VVI ,_, these_DD2 thirty_MC years_NNT2 past_RT ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Justifiable_JJ risk_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT reason_NN1 was_VBDZ that_CST a_AT1 payoff_NN1 justified_VVD it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Nuclear_JJ deterrence_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 believed_VVD ,_, and_CC with_IW it_PPH1 the_AT concomitant_JJ risk_NN1 of_IO nuclear_JJ hostilities_NN2 ,_, was_VBDZ necessary_JJ to_TO contain_VVI potential_JJ aggression_NN1 by_II adversary_NN1 countries_NN2 *-_- on_II either_DD1 side_NN1 of_IO the_AT strategic_JJ divide_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT risk_NN1 of_IO conventional_JJ aggression_NN1 was_VBDZ deemed_VVN to_TO be_VBI high_JJ ,_, in_II the_AT 1950s_MC2 ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC as_CSA has_VHZ been_VBN pointed_VVN out_RP ever_RR since_CS ,_, deterrence_NN1 has_VHZ worked_VVN for_IF thirty_MC years_NNT2 and_CC more_RRR :_: there_EX has_VHZ been_VBN no_AT global_JJ military_JJ conflict_NN1 during_II that_DD1 time_NNT1 *-_- a_AT1 fleeting_JJ instant_NNT1 in_II the_AT broader_JJR sweep_NN1 of_IO human_JJ history_NN1 but_CCB a_AT1 full_JJ career_NN1 span_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 whole_JJ generation_NN1 of_IO policymakers_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II the_AT past_JJ two_MC decades_NNT2 a_AT1 metamorphosis_NN1 seems_VVZ to_TO have_VHI been_VBN occurring_VVG in_II peoples_NN2 '_GE judgements_NN2 over_II what_DDQ constitutes_VVZ a_AT1 threat_NN1 to_II their_APPGE security_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT scales_NN2 of_IO national_JJ security_NN1 perceptions_NN2 ,_, the_AT balance_NN1 is_VBZ tilting_VVG between_II competing_VVG notions_NN2 of_IO threat_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Common_JJ fallacy_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ a_AT1 common_JJ fallacy_NN1 to_TO equate_VVI security_NN1 threats_NN2 solely_RR with_IW the_AT concept_NN1 of_IO risk_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 security_NN1 threat_NN1 is_VBZ comprised_VVN of_IO two_MC features_NN2 *-_- risk_VV0 and_CC stake_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT risk_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 country_NN1 being_VBG subject_II21 to_II22 an_AT1 isolated_JJ act_NN1 of_IO terrorism_NN1 may_VM be_VBI high_JJ ,_, say_VV0 one_MC1 in_II ten_MC over_II a_AT1 twelve_MC month_NNT1 period_NN1 ,_, but_CCB the_AT stake_NN1 ,_, that_REX41 is_REX42 to_REX43 say_REX44 the_AT consequences_NN2 ,_, will_VM in_II31 terms_II32 of_II33 national_JJ security_NN1 be_VBI limited_VVN ,_, say_VV0 several_DA2 citizens_NN2 killed_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT risk_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 country_NN1 being_VBG overrun_VVN by_II a_AT1 neighbouring_JJ aggressor_NN1 may_VM be_VBI less_RRR ,_, say_VV0 one_MC1 in_II fifty_MC over_II the_AT same_DA period_NN1 ,_, but_CCB the_AT stake_NN1 *-_- twenty_MC million_NNO dead_JJ and_CC the_AT territory_NN1 overrun_NN1 *-_- is_VBZ considerably_RR greater_JJR ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT risk_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 country_NN1 being_VBG devastated_VVN ,_, directly_RR or_CC indirectly_RR ,_, by_II a_AT1 nuclear_JJ conflagration_NN1 may_VM be_VBI less_RRR again_RT ,_, say_VV0 one_PN1 in_II a_AT1 hundred_NNO over_II the_AT period_NN1 ,_, but_CCB the_AT stake_NN1 is_VBZ immeasurably_RR higher_JJR again_RT ._. ^ ^_NULL Which_DDQ constitutes_VVZ the_AT gravest_JJT national_JJ threat_NN1 ?_? ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II previous_JJ decades_NNT2 ,_, nations_NN2 traditionally_RR identified_VVD conventional_JJ aggression_NN1 as_II the_AT obvious_JJ threat_NN1 to_II their_APPGE national_JJ security_NN1 and_CC sought_JJ ways_NN2 and_CC means_NN of_IO responding_VVG to_II it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Hence_RR the_AT role_NN1 of_IO regional_JJ nuclear_JJ alliances_NN2 to_TO fill_VVI the_AT vacuum_NN1 caused_VVN by_II the_AT failure_NN1 of_IO collective_JJ security_NN1 by_II the_AT United_JJ Nations_NN2 ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Tidal_JJ flow_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL But_CCB inevitably_RR the_AT world_NN1 has_VHZ changed_VVN again_RT and_CC the_AT tidal_JJ flow_NN1 of_IO ideas_NN2 reflecting_VVG that_DD1 change_NN1 is_VBZ beginning_VVG to_TO breach_VVI the_AT structures_NN2 erected_VVD over_RG a_AT1 quarter_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 century_NNT1 ago_RA ._. ^ ^_NULL Politically_RR the_AT world_NN1 is_VBZ contracting_JJ and_CC human_JJ values_NN2 are_VBR beginning_VVG to_TO merge_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT ceaseless_JJ pounding_NN1 of_IO seemingly_RR mindless_JJ {_NULL UN_NP }_NULL resolutions_NN2 is_VBZ taking_VVG its_APPGE toll_NN1 :_: states_VVZ no_RR21 longer_RR22 resort_NN1 to_II war_NN1 with_IW impunity_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Human_JJ behaviour_NN1 remains_VVZ the_AT same_DA :_: personal_JJ aggression_NN1 still_RR flourishes_VVZ ,_, terrorism_NN1 is_VBZ on_II the_AT rise_NN1 ,_, and_CC states_NN2 ,_, including_II large_JJ states_NN2 ,_, become_VV0 embroiled_VVN in_II conflicts_NN2 they_PPHS2 would_VM rather_RR avoid_VVI ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL But_CCB it_PPH1 seems_VVZ we_PPIS2 have_VH0 progressed_VVN beyond_II the_AT stage_NN1 of_IO the_AT grand_JJ design_NN1 for_IF global_JJ dominion_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Premeditated_JJ aggression_NN1 ,_, the_AT thrust_NN1 down_II the_AT peninsula_NN1 ,_, the_AT sweep_NN1 across_II the_AT plain_NN1 ,_, for_IF ultimate_JJ world_NN1 conquest_NN1 belongs_VVZ to_II a_AT1 bygone_JJ age_NN1 *-_- a_AT1 recent_JJ age_NN1 but_CCB a_AT1 bygone_JJ age_NN1 nonetheless_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 pubescent_JJ global_JJ consciousness_NN1 has_VHZ emerged_VVN within_II the_AT current_JJ era_NN1 ,_, within_II the_AT paradigm_NN1 of_IO strategic_JJ nuclear_JJ deterrence_NN1 *-_- indeed_RR under_II its_APPGE umbrella_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Will_NP1 it_PPH1 out_RP **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL -grow_VVI deterrence_NN1 as_II the_AT mainstay_NN1 of_IO international_JJ security_NN1 ,_, and_CC if_CSW so_CS what_DDQ would_VM take_VVI its_APPGE place_NN1 ?_? ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Nuclear_JJ spectre_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Concurrent_JJ with_IW a_AT1 decline_NN1 in_II the_AT traditional_JJ threat_NN1 perception_NN1 of_IO conventional_JJ aggression_NN1 has_VHZ arisen_VVN the_AT nuclear_JJ threat_NN1 itself_PPX1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT extraordinary_JJ build-up_NN1 in_II the_AT strategic_JJ arsenals_NN2 of_IO the_AT two_MC super-powers_NN2 ,_, the_AT retention_NN1 by_II one_MC1 side_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 first-use_JJ policy_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT increased_JJ accuracy_NN1 ,_, automaticity_NN1 and_CC reduced_JJ flight_NN1 time_NNT1 of_IO the_AT weapons_NN2 themselves_PPX2 have_VH0 combined_VVN to_TO raise_VVI the_AT spectre_NN1 of_IO unintended_JJ nuclear_JJ conflict_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 ,_, we_PPIS2 have_VH0 been_VBN part_NN1 of_IO all_DB of_IO this_DD1 *-_- faithful_JJ believers_NN2 in_II the_AT paradigm_NN1 and_CC dutiful_JJ attendants_NN2 at_II court_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II our_APPGE case_NN1 the_AT risk_NN1 of_IO conventional_JJ aggression_NN1 was_VBDZ identifiable_JJ easily_RR enough_RR ,_, however_RGQV remote_JJ it_PPH1 may_VM have_VHI been_VBN ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 rearmed_JJ Japan_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 communist_JJ China_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 belligerent_JJ North_NP Vietnam_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 volatile_JJ Indonesia_NP1 *-_- it_PPH1 was_VBDZ easy_JJ to_TO construct_VVI visions_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 conventional_JJ threat_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC nuclear_JJ weapons_NN2 *-_- the_AT shield_NN1 of_IO Western_JJ values_NN2 and_CC the_AT spear_NN1 of_IO the_AT socialist_JJ camp_NN1 *-_- seemed_VVD a_AT1 long_JJ way_NN1 off_RP ,_, literally_RR on_II the_AT other_JJ side_NN1 of_IO the_AT planet_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ no_RR doubting_VVG the_AT faith_NN1 down_RP here_RL ,_, no_AT questioning_NN1 of_IO its_APPGE interpretative_JJ canons_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL But_CCB over_II those_DD2 same_DA decades_NNT2 ,_, New_JJ Zealanders_NP1 by_II virtue_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE geography_NN1 were_VBDR marginally_RR freer_JJR to_TO query_VVI the_AT relative_JJ significance_NN1 to_II national_JJ security_NN1 of_IO the_AT risk_NN1 and_CC stake_NN1 of_IO the_AT respective_JJ threats_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT process_NN1 of_IO change_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN a_AT1 gradual_JJ one_PN1 and_CC there_EX remains_VVZ room_NN1 for_IF different_JJ emphases_NN2 and_CC points_NN2 of_IO view_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 the_AT stage_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN reached_VVN where_CS one_MC1 of_IO the_AT two_MC major_JJ parties_NN2 no_RR21 longer_RR22 sees_VVZ the_AT prospect_NN1 of_IO conventional_JJ aggression_NN1 against_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 as_II a_AT1 greater_JJR threat_NN1 to_II our_APPGE national_JJ security_NN1 than_CSN the_AT prospect_NN1 of_IO nuclear_JJ hostilities_NN2 anywhere_RL on_II the_AT planet_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL As_II a_AT1 corollary_NN1 it_PPH1 no_RR21 longer_RR22 sees_VVZ the_AT risk_NN1 of_IO nuclear_JJ war_NN1 as_CSA justified_VVN by_II the_AT risk_NN1 of_IO conventional_JJ aggression_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Unpredictable_JJ place_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL That_DD1 is_VBZ not_XX to_TO say_VVI that_CST the_AT latter_DA is_VBZ inconceivable_JJ :_: the_AT world_NN1 remains_VVZ an_AT1 unpredictable_JJ place_NN1 as_CSA our_APPGE defence_NN1 reviews_NN2 point_VV0 out_RP and_CC as_II the_AT sinking_NN1 of_IO the_AT *1_NULL Rainbow_NP1 Warrior_NP1 *0_NULL demonstrated_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL Yet_RR the_AT prospect_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 rapacious_JJ nation_NN1 arriving_VVG on_II our_APPGE doorstep_NN1 with_IW obvious_JJ intent_NN1 has_VHZ faded_VVN nonetheless_RR and_CC the_AT risk_NN1 of_IO Asian_JJ aggression_NN1 now_RT appears_VVZ to_II New_JJ Zealanders_NP1 as_CSA remote_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT nearest_JJT thing_NN1 we_PPIS2 have_VH0 to_II a_AT1 traditional_JJ threat_NN1 today_RT is_VBZ the_AT blue_JJ water_NN1 navy_NNJ of_IO the_AT Soviet_JJ Pacific_NP1 Fleet_NNJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Its_APPGE mission_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX to_TO encircle_VVI New_NP Zealand_NP1 and_CC sever_VVI our_APPGE trade_NN1 route_NN1 for_IF mutton_NN1 ,_, but_CCB rather_RR to_TO reach_VVI a_AT1 balance_NN1 of_IO force_NN1 in_II the_AT Pacific_NP Ocean_NNL1 for_IF the_AT sake_NN1 of_IO Soviet_JJ national_JJ security_NN1 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 244+TEXT+G57_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Paradoxical_NP1 as_CSA it_PPH1 may_VM seem_VVI ,_, Geoff_NP1 Palmer_NP1 's_GE *"_" New_NP Zealand_NP1 Bill_NP1 of_IO Rights_NN2 **"_" is_VBZ a_AT1 threat_NN1 *-_- not_XX a_AT1 protection_NN1 of_IO democracy_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Of_RR21 course_RR22 ,_, the_AT word_NN1 *"_" democracy_NN1 **"_" means_VVZ many_DA2 things_NN2 to_II different_JJ people_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL For_IF some_DD it_PPH1 means_VVZ the_AT mere_JJ formality_NN1 of_IO regular_JJ or_CC occasional_JJ elections_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT rights_NN2 of_IO voters_NN2 are_VBR not_XX part_NN1 of_IO such_DA a_AT1 definition_NN1 *-_- there_EX may_VM be_VBI proportional_JJ representation_NN1 or_CC some_DD form_NN1 of_IO gerrymandered_JJ plurality_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Nor_CC does_VDZ the_AT nature_NN1 of_IO those_DD2 to_TO be_VBI elected_JJ form_NN1 part_NN1 of_IO the_AT definition_NN1 *-_- the_AT *"_" representatives_NN2 of_IO the_AT people_NN **"_" might_VM or_CC might_VM not_XX truly_RR represent_VVI those_DD2 who_PNQS vote_VV0 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT choice_NN1 may_VM be_VBI only_RR between_II Tweedledum_NP1 and_CC Tweedledee_NP1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Real_JJ Democracy_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL What_DDQ happens_VVZ after_II the_AT election_NN1 is_VBZ ignored_VVN when_CS we_PPIS2 define_VV0 *"_" democracy_NN1 **"_" merely_RR as_II a_AT1 state_NN1 where_RRQ there_EX are_VBR occasional_JJ elections_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II fact_NN1 we_PPIS2 know_VV0 that_CST where_CS private_JJ enterprise_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT predominant_JJ form_NN1 of_IO economic_JJ organisation_NN1 ,_, Governments_NNJ2 *-_- whether_CSW *"_" democratically_RR elected_VVD **"_" or_CC not_XX *-_- will_VM follow_VVI the_AT dictates_NN2 of_IO business_NN1 interests_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL If_CSW these_DD2 interests_NN2 are_VBR organised_VVN against_II the_AT welfare_NN1 of_IO the_AT majority_NN of_IO the_AT population_NN1 ,_, or_CC (_( because_II21 of_II22 the_AT anarchic_JJ character_NN1 of_IO private_JJ enterprise_NN1 )_) are_VBR unable_JJ to_TO cope_VVI with_IW unemployment_NN1 ,_, business_NN1 slumps_NN2 ,_, inflation_NN1 or_CC financial_JJ collapse_NN1 ,_, Governments_NNJ2 are_VBR virtually_RR powerless_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Real_JJ democracy_NN1 must_VM ,_, therefore_RR ,_, be_VBI more_RRR than_CSN the_AT mere_JJ formal_JJ aspects_NN2 of_IO elected_JJ Government_NNJ ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX must_VM also_RR be_VBI control_NN1 over_II (_( and_CC ultimately_RR abolition_NN1 of_IO )_) private_JJ ownership_NN1 in_II the_AT main_JJ means_NN of_IO production_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Only_RR thus_RR can_VV0 a_AT1 society_NN be_VBI created_VVN which_DDQ organises_VVZ the_AT community_NNJ in_II such_DA a_AT1 way_NN1 that_CST the_AT community_NNJ 's_GE welfare_NN1 remains_VVZ the_AT paramount_JJ object_NN1 of_IO Government_NNJ *-_- and_CC not_XX just_RR the_AT welfare_NN1 of_IO business_NN1 ,_, whether_CSW local_JJ ,_, national_JJ ,_, or_CC international_JJ as_II the_AT case_NN1 may_VM be_VBI ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Protecting_VVG Individual_JJ Rights_NN2 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Because_CS Business_NN1 in_II capitalist_NN1 states_NN2 ,_, in_II the_AT form_NN1 of_IO *"_" democratic_JJ **"_" Government_NNJ ,_, must_VM become_VVI the_AT target_NN1 of_IO attack_NN1 by_II the_AT individual_JJ members_NN2 of_IO society_NN ,_, the_AT protection_NN1 of_IO individual_JJ rights_NN2 against_II the_AT capitalist_NN1 State_NN1 is_VBZ vitally_RR important_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Experience_NN1 has_VHZ shown_VVN that_CST these_DD2 rights_NN2 can_VM not_XX be_VBI protected_VVN by_II legislation_NN1 alone_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Also_RR necessary_JJ are_VBR Organisations_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 trade_NN1 unions_NN2 ,_, workers_NN2 and_CC labour_NN1 parties_NN2 ,_, and_CC all_DB sorts_NN2 of_IO ad_JJ21 hoc_JJ22 associations_NN2 protecting_VVG the_AT rights_NN2 of_IO individuals_NN2 ,_, economically_RR and_CC nationally_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL Such_DA citizens_NN2 '_GE organisations_NN2 by_II militant_JJ action_NN1 can_VM protect_VVI the_AT rights_NN2 which_DDQ the_AT people_NN have_VH0 acquired_VVN against_II the_AT ruling_JJ class_NN1 *-_- big_JJ landowners_NN2 in_II the_AT 18th_MD and_CC 19th_MD centuries_NNT2 ,_, and_CC big_JJ and_CC transnational_JJ business_NN1 in_II the_AT 20th_MD century_NNT1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Indeed_RR New_NP Zealand_NP1 has_VHZ acquired_VVN a_AT1 *"_" constitution_NN1 **"_" *-_- though_CS not_XX a_AT1 written_JJ one_PN1 *-_- which_DDQ enshrines_NN2 all_DB the_AT essential_JJ citizens_NN2 '_GE rights_NN2 needed_VVD to_TO limit_VVI and_CC possibly_RR in_II the_AT future_NN1 abolish_VV0 the_AT rule_NN1 of_IO big_JJ national_JJ and_CC international_JJ business_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX are_VBR plenty_PN of_IO weaknesses_NN2 in_II our_APPGE civil_JJ rights_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Industrial_JJ Relations_NN2 legislation_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 country_NN1 practically_RR outlaws_VVZ strikes_NN2 and_CC makes_VVZ trade_NN1 unions_NN2 largely_RR into_II instruments_NN2 of_IO the_AT Business_NP State_NNL1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB the_AT traditions_NN2 of_IO militant_JJ action_NN1 ,_, where_CS required_VVN ,_, have_VH0 in_II the_AT past_NN1 been_VBN strong_JJ enough_RR to_TO override_VVI such_DA legislation_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Governments_NNJ2 can_VM act_VVI in_II dictatorial_JJ ways_NN2 ,_, as_CS31 far_CS32 as_CS33 the_AT law_NN1 is_VBZ concerned_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Our_APPGE political_JJ system_NN1 does_VDZ not_XX prevent_VVI a_AT1 newly-elected_JJ Government_NNJ from_II being_VBG merely_RR the_AT defeated_JJ Government_NNJ 's_GE equivalent_NN1 in_II spirit_NN1 and_CC action_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Only_RR the_AT people_NN can_VM change_VVI such_DA Government_NNJ action_NN1 by_II not_XX co_NNJ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL -operating_NN1 with_IW Governments_NNJ2 unwilling_JJ to_TO listen_VVI ._. ^ (_( ^_NULL Watch_NN1 the_AT Philippines_NP !_! )_) ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Thus_RR a_AT1 *"_" Bill_NN1 of_IO Rights_NN2 **"_" can_VM not_XX improve_VVI our_APPGE existing_JJ constitutional_JJ state_NN1 of_IO affairs_NN2 if_CS the_AT people_NN are_VBR not_XX prepared_VVN to_TO watch_VVI that_DD1 constitutional_JJ state_NN1 militantly_RR and_CC persistently_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC if_CSW the_AT people_NN are_VBR militant_JJ for_IF their_APPGE rights_NN2 ,_, a_AT1 *"_" Bill_NN1 of_IO Rights_NN2 **"_" can_VM do_VDI nothing_PN1 to_TO improve_VVI on_II legislation_NN1 by_II elected_JJ Parliaments_NNJ2 in_II31 response_II32 to_II33 popular_JJ pressure_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Bill_NP1 of_IO Rights_NN2 Fetters_VVZ Parliament_NNJ *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ the_AT fear_NN1 that_CST such_DA popular_JJ pressure_NN1 may_VM lead_VVI to_II Parliament_NNJ being_VBG too_RG *"_" democratic_JJ **"_" which_DDQ inspires_VVZ the_AT *"_" New_NP Zealand_NP1 Bill_NP1 of_IO Rights_NN2 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 takes_VVZ away_RP the_AT unrestricted_JJ power_NN1 of_IO Parliament_NNJ to_TO pass_VVI legislation_NN1 by_II handing_VVG a_AT1 power_NN1 of_IO veto_NN1 to_II the_AT judiciary_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Judges_NP1 will_VM be_VBI called_VVN upon_II to_TO allow_VVI or_CC disallow_VVI Parliamentary_JJ decisions_NN2 *-_- from_II District_NN1 Court_NN1 Judge_NN1 through_II High_JJ Court_NN1 Justices_NN2 to_II members_NN2 of_IO the_AT Court_NN1 of_IO Appeal_NN1 and_CC possibly_RR for_IF some_DD time_NNT1 to_TO come_VVI the_AT Privy_JJ Council_NNJ in_II London_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL These_DD2 judges_NN2 will_VM thus_RR become_VVI the_AT equivalent_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 Senate_NNJ or_CC Upper_JJ House_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Unless_CS this_DD1 *"_" Upper_JJ House_NN1 **"_" ,_, made_VVD up_RP of_IO Government-appointed_JJ Judges_NP1 ,_, finds_VVZ parliamentary_JJ legislation_NN1 in_II31 line_II32 with_II33 \_NULL Mr_NNB Palmer_NP1 's_GE Bill_NN1 of_IO Rights_NN2 it_PPH1 will_VM not_XX be_VBI enforced_VVN ._. ^ (_( Section_NN1 2_MC of_IO the_AT Bill_NP1 )_) ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Section_NN1 24_MC *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Of_IO all_DB the_AT sections_NN2 of_IO the_AT Bill_NN1 of_IO Rights_NN2 ,_, Section_NN1 24_MC is_VBZ the_AT most_RGT dangerous_JJ to_II democracy_NN1 and_CC progress_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 says_VVZ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" *1_NULL The_AT provisions_NN2 of_IO this_DD1 Bill_NN1 of_IO Rights_NN2 apply_VV0 so_CS31 far_CS32 as_CS33 practicable_JJ and_CC unless_CS they_PPHS2 otherwise_RR provide_VV0 for_IF the_AT benefit_NN1 of_IO all_DB legal_JJ persons_NN2 ._. **"_" ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL In_II law_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 *"_" *1_NULL legal_JJ person_NN1 **"_" *0_NULL as_II31 opposed_II32 to_II33 a_AT1 *"_" *1_NULL natural_JJ person_NN1 **"_" *0_NULL is_VBZ an_AT1 organisation_NN1 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 a_AT1 commercial_JJ company_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ can_VM sue_VVI and_CC be_VBI sued_VVN without_IW individuals_NN2 being_VBG involved_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 *"_" natural_JJ person_NN1 **"_" is_VBZ one_PN1 acting_VVG as_II a_AT1 private_JJ individual_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II other_JJ words_NN2 ,_, the_AT freedoms_NN2 of_IO association_NN1 ,_, speech_NN1 ,_, and_CC movement_NN1 which_DDQ have_VH0 been_VBN won_VVN by_II the_AT people_NN largely_RR in_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO restrict_VVI the_AT freedoms_NN2 of_IO Business_NN1 to_TO monopolise_VVI ,_, to_TO exploit_VVI ,_, to_II corrupt_JJ Government_NNJ ,_, and_CC to_TO transfer_VVI national_JJ wealth_NN1 into_II foreign_JJ hands_NN2 ,_, are_VBR to_TO be_VBI given_VVN to_II Business_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Rights_NN2 for_IF Big_JJ Business_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL What_DDQ rights_NN2 do_VD0 Big_JJ Business_NN1 ,_, transnational_JJ corporations_NNJ2 ,_, banks_NN2 ,_, financial_JJ tycoons_NN2 dressed_VVN up_RP as_CSA *"_" legal_JJ persons_NN2 **"_" ,_, limited_JJ liability_NN1 companies_NN2 \_NULL etc._RA ,_, acquire_NN1 by_II this_DD1 *"_" New_NP Zealand_NP1 Bill_NP1 of_IO Rights_NN2 **"_" ?_? ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Section_NN1 7_MC :_: ^_NULL *1_NULL Everyone_PN1 has_VHZ the_AT right_NN1 to_II ..._... impart_NN1 information_NN1 and_CC opinions_NN2 of_IO any_DD kind_NN1 in_II any_DD form_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL A_AT1 perfect_JJ charter_NN1 of_IO rights_NN2 for_IF Business_NN1 to_TO advertise_VVI ,_, propagandise_NN1 ,_, lobby_NN1 and_CC to_TO present_VVI and_CC distort_NN1 news_NN1 and_CC facts_NN2 to_II its_APPGE advantage_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Legislation_NN1 ,_, restricting_VVG lobbying_NN1 activity_NN1 ,_, will_VM be_VBI called_VVN void_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Section_NN1 10_MC :_: ^_NULL *1_NULL Everyone_PN1 has_VHZ the_AT right_NN1 to_II freedom_NN1 of_IO association_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Monopolistic_JJ business_NN1 organisations_NN2 are_VBR thus_RR guaranteed_VVN the_AT protection_NN1 of_IO the_AT State_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Legislation_NN1 abbreviating_VVG such_DA rights_NN2 will_VM have_VHI to_TO be_VBI struck_VVN out_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL Incidentally_RR Section_NN1 10_MC allows_VVZ trade_NN1 unions_NN2 ,_, but_CCB only_RR to_TO encourage_VVI *"_" orderly_JJ **"_" industrial_JJ relations_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 means_VVZ anti-strike_JJ legislation_NN1 will_VM be_VBI valid_JJ ,_, even_RR possibly_RR anti-communist_JJ legislation_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL For_IF *"_" orderly_NN1 **"_" will_VM be_VBI defined_VVN by_II Judges_NP1 ,_, not_XX by_II what_DDQ workers_NN2 think_VV0 is_VBZ *"_" orderly_JJ **"_" ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Section_NN1 11_MC :_: ^_NULL *1_NULL Everyone_PN1 has_VHZ the_AT right_NN1 to_II freedom_NN1 of_IO movement_NN1 in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 and_CC the_AT right_JJ to_TO leave_VVI New_NP Zealand_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Legislation_NN1 forcing_VVG Business_NN1 to_TO establish_VVI itself_PPX1 according_II21 to_II22 regional_JJ priorities_NN2 will_VM be_VBI illegal_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Legislation_NN1 stopping_VVG flight_NN1 of_IO capital_NN1 ,_, by_II prohibiting_VVG companies_NN2 from_II transferring_VVG their_APPGE residence_NN1 abroad_RL ,_, will_VM be_VBI illegal_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Section_NN1 12_MC :_: ^_NULL *1_NULL Everyone_PN1 has_VHZ the_AT right_NN1 to_II freedom_NN1 of_IO discrimination_NN1 on_II the_AT ground_NN1 of_IO ..._... national_JJ origin_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Legislation_NN1 distinguishing_VVG between_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 and_CC foreign_JJ business_NN1 in_II31 favour_II32 of_II33 New_NP Zealand_NP1 business_NN1 becomes_VVZ invalid_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Section_NN1 18(h)_FO :_: ^_NULL *1_NULL The_AT right_JJ to_TO examine_VVI witnesses_NN2 for_IF the_AT prosecution_NN1 under_II the_AT same_DA conditions_NN2 as_CSA the_AT prosecution_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Some_DD customs_NN2 legislation_NN1 and_CC other_JJ legislation_NN1 allowing_VVG inspection_NN1 of_IO goods_NN2 and_CC documents_NN2 would_VM probably_RR be_VBI illegal_JJ against_II companies_NN2 \_NULL etc._RA and_CC in_II other_JJ instances_NN2 the_AT powers_NN2 of_IO the_AT State_NN1 *-_- weak_JJ already_RR when_CS it_PPH1 comes_VVZ to_II the_AT prosecution_NN1 of_IO corporate_JJ and_CC white_JJ collar_NN1 crime_NN1 *-_- would_VM be_VBI further_RRR weakened_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL My_APPGE conclusion_NN1 is_VBZ that_CST the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 Bill_NP1 of_IO Rights_NN2 ,_, where_CS it_PPH1 does_VDZ not_XX merely_RR put_VVI into_II writing_VVG what_DDQ already_RR exists_VVZ in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 due_II21 to_II22 generations_NN2 of_IO struggle_NN1 and_CC the_AT vigilance_NN1 of_IO the_AT people_NN ,_, creates_VVZ rights_NN2 for_IF Business_NN1 under_II Section_NN1 24_MC which_DDQ will_VM gravely_RR curtail_VVI the_AT rights_NN2 of_IO private_JJ individuals_NN2 ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Political_JJ Power_NN1 In_II The_AT Hands_NN2 Of_IO Judges_NP1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT proposed_JJ New_NP Zealand_NP1 Bill_NP1 of_IO Rights_NN2 ,_, by_II putting_VVG a_AT1 right_NN of_IO veto_NN1 against_II all_DB legislation_NN1 not_XX complying_VVG with_IW it_PPH1 into_II the_AT hands_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 naturally_RR conservative_JJ body_NN1 of_IO judges_NN2 ,_, is_VBZ possibly_RR the_AT greatest_JJT danger_NN1 to_II social_JJ progress_NN1 in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 which_DDQ could_VM be_VBI conceived_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL As_CS31 far_CS32 as_CS33 the_AT positive_JJ aspects_NN2 of_IO the_AT Bill_NP1 go_VV0 *-_- the_AT entrenchment_NN1 of_IO existing_JJ citizens_NN2 '_GE rights_NN2 ,_, *-_- there_EX is_VBZ no_AT particular_JJ need_NN1 for_IF such_DA legislation_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB more_RRR ,_, Section_NN1 3_MC limits_VVZ the_AT validity_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 rights_NN2 by_II allowing_VVG contrary_JJ legislation_NN1 which_DDQ can_VM be_VBI *"_" demonstrably_RR justified_VVN in_II a_AT1 free_JJ and_CC democratic_JJ society_NN **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL Whether_CSW the_AT prohibition_NN1 of_IO revolutionary_JJ parties_NN2 ,_, organisations_NN2 and_CC opinions_NN2 falls_VVZ within_II such_DA purview_NN1 is_VBZ left_VVN to_II Judges_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 know_VV0 from_II examples_NN2 in_II {_NULL U.S.A._NP }_NULL ,_, \_NULL W._NP1 Germany_NP1 and_CC elsewhere_RL ,_, that_DD1 *"_" protection_NN1 of_IO democracy_NN1 **"_" allows_VVZ legislation_NN1 not_XX far_RR short_JJ of_IO fascist_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Thus_RR the_AT Bill_NN1 of_IO Rights_NN2 does_VDZ not_XX even_RR protect_VVI our_APPGE rights_NN2 ,_, if_CS anything_PN1 it_PPH1 gives_VVZ legal_JJ force_NN1 to_II formal_JJ attacks_NN2 on_II such_DA rights_NN2 in_II defined_JJ circumstances_NN2 ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Treaty_NN1 of_IO Waitangi_NP1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL I_PPIS1 can_VM not_XX deal_VVI here_RL with_IW the_AT introduction_NN1 of_IO the_AT Treaty_NN1 of_IO Waitangi_NP1 in_II English_JJ and_CC Maori_JJ into_II the_AT Bill_NN1 of_IO Rights_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Since_CS the_AT English_JJ translation_NN1 of_IO the_AT Maori_JJ version_NN1 of_IO the_AT Treaty_NN1 is_VBZ very_RG different_JJ from_II its_APPGE Maori_JJ meaning_NN1 the_AT Bill_NN1 of_IO Rights_NN2 opens_VVZ up_RP a_AT1 chasm_NN1 of_IO litigation_NN1 which_DDQ defies_VVZ description_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL By_II introducing_VVG some_DD of_IO the_AT special_JJ rights_NN2 and_CC privileges_NN2 given_VVN to_II the_AT Maori_JJ people_NN in_II the_AT Treaty_NN1 of_IO Waitangi_NP1 (_( such_II21 as_II22 possession_NN1 of_IO fisheries_NN2 )_) the_AT Bill_NN1 of_IO Rights_NN2 will_VM take_VVI away_RP some_DD of_IO the_AT rights_NN2 of_IO pakeha_NP1 citizens_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL That_DD1 may_VM be_VBI good_JJ and_CC just_RR *-_- but_CCB surely_RR these_DD2 matters_NN2 are_VBR better_RRR dealt_VVN with_IW in_II a_AT1 piecemeal_JJ and_CC pragmatic_JJ fashion_NN1 ,_, as_CSA has_VHZ been_VBN the_AT case_NN1 in_II the_AT past_NN1 ,_, rather_CS21 than_CS22 by_II an_AT1 unalterable_JJ ,_, entrenched_JJ law_NN1 which_DDQ in_II its_APPGE tenor_NN1 is_VBZ opposed_VVN to_II special_JJ rights_NN2 of_IO minorities_NN2 and_CC majorities_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II conclusion_NN1 *-_- let_VVD us_PPIO2 forget_VVI about_II \_NULL Mr_NNB Palmer_NP1 's_GE New_NP Zealand_NP1 Bill_NP1 of_IO Rights_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX are_VBR better_JJR and_CC more_RGR important_JJ things_NN2 to_TO do_VDI to_TO improve_VVI the_AT lot_NN of_IO the_AT hundreds_NNO2 of_IO thousands_NNO2 of_IO New_JJ Zealanders_NP1 who_PNQS are_VBR suffering_VVG from_II the_AT right_NN of_IO exploiting_VVG capital_NN1 to_TO play_VVI around_RP with_IW people_NN 's_GE livelihood_NN1 for_IF their_APPGE own_DA profit_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Don_NP1 Quixote_NP1 *>_NULL ^ *<_NULL Windmills_NP1 of_IO the_AT Mind_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Early_RR last_MD month_NNT1 our_APPGE flat_NN1 was_VBDZ burgled_VVN and_CC several_DA2 items_NN2 of_IO sentimental_JJ value_NN1 were_VBDR stolen_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL Presumably_RR an_AT1 individual_JJ exercising_JJ initiative_NN1 ,_, skill_NN1 and_CC freedom_NN1 of_IO choice_NN1 ,_, acting_VVG as_II an_AT1 autonomous_JJ sovereign_JJ person_NN1 ,_, to_TO use_VVI Ruth_NP1 Richardson_NP1 's_GE immortal_JJ phrase_NN1 ,_, decided_VVD to_TO satisfy_VVI his_APPGE or_CC her_APPGE needs_NN2 ,_, or_CC to_TO prepare_VVI for_IF his_APPGE or_CC her_APPGE old_JJ age_NN1 ,_, by_II lifting_VVG our_APPGE property_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL When_CS we_PPIS2 reported_VVD the_AT burglary_NN1 to_II the_AT police_NN2 we_PPIS2 discovered_VVD that_CST we_PPIS2 were_VBDR members_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 considerable_JJ throng_NN1 of_IO people_NN ,_, reporting_VVG on_II the_AT success_NN1 of_IO similar_JJ autonomous_JJ sovereign_JJ persons_NN2 during_II the_AT weekend_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT rather_RG harassed_JJ police_NN2 officer_NN1 had_VHD had_VHN a_AT1 busy_JJ day_NNT1 recording_VVG the_AT details_NN2 for_IF computer_NN1 filing_VVG ,_, and_CC insurance_NN1 claim_NN1 purposes_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ very_RG little_DA1 likelihood_NN1 he_PPHS1 remarked_VVD ,_, of_IO the_AT stolen_JJ goods_NN2 ever_RR being_VBG recovered_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 were_VBDR victims_NN2 of_IO Christchurch_NP1 's_GE current_JJ crime_NN1 wave_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Clearly_RR criminal_JJ activity_NN1 can_VM either_RR be_VBI a_AT1 planned_JJ ,_, organised_VVD and_CC efficiently_RR managed_VVN group_NN operation_NN1 ,_, or_CC it_PPH1 can_VM take_VVI the_AT form_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 skilled_JJ ,_, entrepreneurial_JJ individual_NN1 acting_VVG alone_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL While_CS these_DD2 *"_" commercial_JJ **"_" activities_NN2 are_VBR regarded_VVN by_II society_NN as_CS illegal_JJ ,_, they_PPHS2 can_VM also_RR be_VBI viewed_VVN as_CSA exercises_VVZ in_II individual_JJ freedom_NN1 ,_, personal_JJ motivation_NN1 ,_, and_CC rewarding_JJ achievement_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Ruth_NP1 Richardson_NP1 's_GE so_JJ21 called_JJ22 *"_" Centre_NN1 Right_JJ **"_" philosophy_NN1 ,_, ultimately_RR finds_VVZ its_APPGE fullest_JJT expression_NN1 ,_, beyond_II the_AT limits_NN2 of_IO respectable_JJ society_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT *"_" criminal_JJ **"_" process_NN1 from_II this_DD1 viewpoint_NN1 ,_, becomes_VVZ the_AT ultimate_JJ manifestation_NN1 of_IO *"_" market_NN1 liberalism_NN1 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL As_II the_AT iron_NN1 law_NN1 of_IO competition_NN1 undermines_VVZ the_AT cohesiveness_NN1 of_IO the_AT social_JJ order_NN1 ,_, and_CC as_II the_AT *"_" dog_NN1 eat_VV0 dog_NN1 **"_" reality_NN1 of_IO the_AT market_NN1 economy_NN1 gathers_VVZ momentum_NN1 ,_, the_AT distinction_NN1 between_II legal_JJ and_CC illegal_JJ commercial_JJ activity_NN1 becomes_VVZ ,_, in_II practice_NN1 ,_, increasingly_RR unclear_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Those_DD2 engines_NN2 of_IO the_AT capitalist_NN1 system_NN1 ,_, the_AT transnational_JJ corporations_NNJ2 and_CC powerful_JJ domestic_JJ monopolies_NN2 ,_, exist_VV0 for_IF the_AT purpose_NN1 of_IO extracting_VVG the_AT maximum_JJ surplus_JJ value_NN1 from_II their_APPGE workers_NN2 ,_, to_TO maximise_VVI their_APPGE profits_NN2 ,_, and_CC to_TO aid_VVI the_AT capital_NN1 accumulation_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE organisations_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Their_APPGE hierarchical_JJ management_NN structures_NN2 are_VBR designed_VVN to_TO control_VVI and_CC direct_RR the_AT skills_NN2 ,_, and_CC energies_NN2 of_IO their_APPGE staffs_NN2 towards_II intensifying_VVG their_APPGE own_DA exploitation_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II effect_NN1 those_DD2 who_PNQS have_VH0 nothing_PN1 to_TO sell_VVI but_II their_APPGE labour_NN1 ,_, physical_JJ or_CC intellectual_NN1 ,_, are_VBR robbed_VVN of_IO the_AT full_JJ fruits_NN2 of_IO their_APPGE labour_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT state_NN1 legalises_VVZ that_CST theft_VV0 ,_, through_II its_APPGE judicial_JJ machinery_NN1 ,_, conditions_NN2 the_AT mass_NN1 of_IO the_AT people_NN ,_, through_II its_APPGE educational_JJ system_NN1 and_CC the_AT media_NN ,_, to_TO accept_VVI the_AT capitalist_NN1 system_NN1 as_II a_AT1 bastion_NN1 of_IO individual_JJ freedom_NN1 ,_, and_CC a_AT1 guardian_NN1 of_IO democracy_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL These_DD2 perversions_NN2 of_IO truth_NN1 are_VBR the_AT products_NN2 of_IO the_AT cultural_JJ hegemony_NN1 of_IO the_AT dominant_JJ and_CC ruling_JJ classes_NN2 of_IO our_APPGE society_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL State_NN1 coercion_NN1 only_RR becomes_VVZ necessary_JJ when_CS both_DB2 the_AT ideas_NN2 and_CC the_AT institutions_NN2 of_IO capitalism_NN1 are_VBR directly_RR threatened_VVN by_II the_AT people_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL From_II this_DD1 perspective_NN1 ,_, capitalist_JJ organisations_NN2 can_VM be_VBI seen_VVN to_TO be_VBI involved_JJ in_II *"_" criminally_RR **"_" exploitative_JJ activities_NN2 ,_, designed_VVD to_TO increase_VVI the_AT wealth_NN1 and_CC power_NN1 of_IO the_AT bourgeoisie_NN1 ,_, the_AT already_RR wealthy_JJ and_CC powerful_JJ ,_, at_II the_AT expense_NN1 of_IO the_AT workers_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL That_DD1 finite_JJ physical_JJ resources_NN2 are_VBR irresponsibly_RR plundered_VVN and_CC the_AT environment_NN1 in_II many_DA2 instances_NN2 irretrievably_RR despoiled_VVD ,_, is_VBZ merely_RR further_JJR evidence_NN1 of_IO the_AT side_NN1 effects_NN2 of_IO this_DD1 intrinsically_RR exploitative_JJ and_CC all_DB pervasive_JJ system_NN1 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 245+TEXT+G58_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *6_NULL SOME_DD MORNINGS_NNT2 *0_NULL just_RR looking_VVG up_RP at_II the_AT sky_NN1 makes_VVZ you_PPY feel_VVI exhausted_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 was_VBDZ one_MC1 of_IO them_PPHO2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT sky_NN1 looked_VVD as_CS21 if_CS22 it_PPH1 was_VBDZ made_VVN out_II21 of_II22 something_PN1 very_RG heavy_JJ and_CC horrible_JJ ,_, like_II poor-quality_JJ coal_NN1 or_CC lumps_NN2 of_IO cast-iron_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ the_AT sort_NN1 of_IO Saturday_NPD1 morning_NNT1 when_RRQ the_AT only_JJ sensible_JJ thing_NN1 to_TO do_VDI is_VBZ stay_NN1 in_II bed_NN1 for_IF an_AT1 extra_JJ few_DA2 hours_NNT2 and_CC try_VV0 to_TO develop_VVI an_AT1 attractive_JJ dream_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL But_CCB at_II 8.00_MC {_NULL am_RA }_NULL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ in_II Victoria_NP Park_NNL1 ,_, Auckland_NP1 ,_, watching_VVG an_AT1 old_JJ man_NN1 attempt_VV0 to_TO push_VVI over_RP one_MC1 of_IO the_AT concrete_JJ pillars_NN2 which_DDQ support_VV0 the_AT motorway_NN1 viaduct_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL For_IF a_AT1 moment_NN1 I_PPIS1 thought_VVD he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ going_VVGK to_TO succeed_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ the_AT kind_NN1 of_IO old_JJ man_NN1 that_CST ordinary_JJ mortality_NN1 seems_VVZ not_XX to_TO affect_VVI at_RR21 all_RR22 ,_, the_AT kind_NN1 who_PNQS just_RR becomes_VVZ fitter_JJR ,_, stronger_JJR ,_, more_RGR muscular_JJ and_CC more_RGR fiery_JJ with_IW age_NN1 ,_, like_II William_NP1 Blake_NP1 's_GE paintings_NN2 of_IO God_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ dressed_VVN in_II a_AT1 white_JJ singlet_NN1 ,_, white_JJ shorts_NN2 ,_, thick_JJ woollen_JJ socks_NN2 and_CC white_JJ sneakers_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 looked_VVD like_II an_AT1 advertisement_NN1 for_IF washing_NN1 powder_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ preparing_VVG himself_PPX1 for_IF the_AT 15th_MD annual_NN1 Round_II the_AT Bays_NN2 run_VV0 ._. ^ ^_NULL Around_II the_AT park_NN1 many_DA2 other_JJ people_NN were_VBDR limbering_VVG up_RP too_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 were_VBDR either_RR running_JJ preliminary_JJ laps_NN2 or_CC else_RR they_PPHS2 were_VBDR doing_VDG press-ups_NN2 or_CC else_RR they_PPHS2 were_VBDR trying_VVG to_TO push_VVI over_RP trees_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL One_MC1 woman_NN1 had_VHD got_VVN halfway_RR into_II doing_VDG the_AT splits_NN2 and_CC then_RT become_VV0 stuck_VVN like_II a_AT1 giraffe_NN1 that_CST has_VHZ stretched_VVN itself_PPX1 just_RR a_RR21 little_RR22 too_RG far_RR to_TO drink_VVI and_CC ca_VM n't_XX manage_VVI to_TO scissor_VVI its_APPGE legs_NN2 back_RP into_II position_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *"_" Hey_UH ,_, can_VM you_PPY help_VVI me_PPIO1 up_RP ,_, please_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL Please_RR can_VM someone_PN1 help_VVI me_PPIO1 ,_, **"_" she_PPHS1 shrieked_VVD at_II the_AT people_NN jogging_VVG past_RL ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT race_NN1 did_VDD not_XX begin_VVI until_II 9.30_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL But_II21 for_II22 the_AT last_MD decade_NNT1 the_AT Auckland_NP1 run_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN pulling_VVG in_II more_RR21 than_RR22 70,000_MC participants_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL If_CS you_PPY 're_VBR serious_JJ about_II coming_VVG somewhere_RL in_II the_AT first_MD 35,000_MC you_PPY have_VH0 to_TO arrive_VVI early_JJ and_CC start_NN1 practising_VVG ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Round_JJ the_AT Bays_NN2 race_VV0 is_VBZ the_AT most_RGT densely_RR populated_JJ event_NN1 of_IO its_APPGE kind_NN1 in_II the_AT world_NN1 ,_, so_CS I_PPIS1 'm_VBM told_VVN ,_, although_CS apparently_RR there_EX 's_VBZ a_AT1 version_NN1 on_II skis_NN2 in_II Lapland_NP1 which_DDQ attracts_VVZ similar_JJ numbers_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL A_AT1 powerful_JJ public_JJ address_NN1 system_NN1 had_VHD been_VBN set_VVN up_RP near_II the_AT park_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *"_" When_CS you_PPY get_VV0 out_RP there_RL do_VD0 n't_XX do_VDI anything_PN1 stupid_JJ ,_, **"_" said_VVD the_AT announcer_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *"_" If_CS you_PPY 're_VBR new_JJ to_II it_PPH1 ,_, take_VV0 your_APPGE time_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL You_PPY 'll_VM get_VVI there_RL all_RR21 right_RR22 ._. ^ ^_NULL If_CS you_PPY feel_VV0 a_AT1 bit_NN1 crook_NN1 ,_, take_VV0 a_AT1 little_JJ walk_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Remember_VV0 to_II double-knot_NN1 your_APPGE shoelaces_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Check_NN1 your_APPGE chafing_JJ points_NN2 and_CC ,_, if_CS necessary_JJ ,_, apply_VV0 some_DD oil_NN1 or_CC vaseline_NN1 ._. **"_" ^ |_NULL ^_NULL To_TO enter_VVI the_AT race_NN1 officially_RR adults_NN2 are_VBR supposed_JJ to_TO pay_VVI eight_MC dollars_NNU2 and_CC children_NN2 five_MC dollars_NNU2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II return_NN1 they_PPHS2 are_VBR given_VVN a_AT1 computer_NN1 print-out_NN1 with_IW their_APPGE entry_NN1 number_NN1 on_II it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT idea_NN1 is_VBZ that_CST at_II the_AT end_NN1 of_IO the_AT race_NN1 you_PPY rip_VV0 off_II part_NN1 of_IO the_AT print-out_NN1 ,_, hand_NN1 it_PPH1 to_II one_MC1 of_IO the_AT adjudicators_NN2 and_CC get_VV0 your_APPGE official_JJ time_NNT1 recorded_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL Years_NNT2 later_RRR you_PPY can_VM show_VVI it_PPH1 to_II your_APPGE grandchildren_NN2 and_CC prove_VVI that_CST you_PPY were_VBDR number_NN1 0130128_MC ,_, you_PPY did_VDD the_AT course_NN1 in_II one_MC1 hour_NNT1 and_CC twenty_MC minutes_NNT2 ,_, and_CC you_PPY came_VVD 68,876th_MD ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT announcer_NN1 was_VBDZ very_RG cross_JJ about_II people_NN who_PNQS had_VHD n't_XX entered_VVN officially_RR but_CCB still_RR intended_VVN to_TO run_VVI *-_- about_RG half_DB the_AT people_NN present_NN1 ,_, actually_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL *"_" It_PPH1 's_VBZ important_JJ that_CST you_PPY pay_VV0 to_TO run_VVI ,_, **"_" he_PPHS1 said_VVD ,_, *"_" because_CS most_DAT of_IO the_AT money_NN1 goes_VVZ to_II the_AT Heart_NN1 Foundation_NN1 and_CC you_PPY never_RR know_VV0 when_RRQ some_DD of_IO you_PPY people_NN may_VM need_VVI it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL If_CS you_PPY 're_VBR not_XX entered_VVN ,_, if_CS you_PPY 're_VBR a_AT1 free-loader_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 do_VD0 n't_XX want_VVI to_TO see_VVI you_PPY ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB it_PPH1 's_VBZ still_RR not_XX too_RG late_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL You_PPY can_VM still_RR go_VVI over_RP to_II the_AT Fruit_NN Case_NN1 Company_NNJ in_II Fanshawe_NP \_NULL St_NNL1 and_CC buy_VV0 your_APPGE entry_NN1 ticket_NN1 ._. **"_" ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 began_VVD to_TO rain_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT entrants_NN2 huddled_VVD under_II the_AT trees_NN2 ,_, shivering_VVG in_II their_APPGE thin_JJ tops_NN2 and_CC nylon_NN1 shorts_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL *"_" This_DD1 is_VBZ the_AT ideal_JJ day_NNT1 for_IF running_VVG round_II the_AT bays_NN2 ,_, **"_" the_AT announcer_NN1 said_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL *"_" Nice_NP1 and_CC damp_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Cool_RR all_DB the_AT way_NN1 ._. **"_" ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Most_DAT of_IO the_AT entrants_NN2 belonged_VVD to_II some_DD team_NN or_CC other_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL A_DD221 few_DD222 of_IO these_DD2 teams_NN2 were_VBDR sporting_JJ organisations_NN2 ,_, like_II *"_" The_AT \_NULL Mt_NNL1 Roskill_NP Crazy_JJ Ladies_NN2 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB the_AT great_JJ majority_NN were_VBDR places_NN2 of_IO work_NN1 *-_- foodtowns_NN2 ,_, meat_NN1 processing_VVG plants_NN2 ,_, life_NN1 assurance_NN1 companies_NN2 ,_, motorcycle_NN1 salesyards_NN2 ,_, factories_NN2 manufacturing_VVG perfume_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Most_DAT firms_NNJ2 had_VHD printed_VVN off_II special_JJ T-shirts_NN2 for_IF their_APPGE runners_NN2 to_TO wear_VVI as_II a_AT1 form_NN1 of_IO mobile_JJ advertising_NN1 *-_- *"_" James_NP1 Watt_NP1 Group_NNJ *-_- Gentleman_NN1 Contractors_NN2 **"_" ,_, *"_" The_AT Chelsea_NP1 Sugar_NP1 Natural_JJ Energy_NN1 Team_NN *-_- ^_NULL We_PPIS2 're_VBR running_VVG in_II a_AT1 sweet_JJ pack_NN1 **"_" ,_, and_RR31 so_RR32 on_RR33 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Of_RR21 course_RR22 ,_, there_EX were_VBDR also_RR some_DD independents_NN2 who_PNQS wore_VVD one-off_JJ T-shirts_NN2 with_IW messages_NN2 like_II *"_" ^_NULL Praise_NN1 Jesus_NP1 **"_" ,_, *"_" ^_NULL Do_VD0 n't_XX smoke_VVI **"_" and_CC *"_" ^_NULL Amandla_NP1 Soweto_NP1 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ the_AT usual_JJ crop_NN1 of_IO loonies_NN2 too_RR *-_- people_NN in_II Batman_NP1 and_CC Robin_NP1 costumes_NN2 ,_, people_NN dressed_VVN as_CSA mice_NN2 (_( complete_JJ with_IW tails_NN2 )_) ,_, people_NN pushing_VVG friends_NN2 in_II bathtubs_NN2 ,_, young_JJ men_NN2 in_II togas_NN2 and_CC nuns_NN2 '_GE habits_NN2 ,_, the_AT army_NNJ dragging_VVG howitzers_NN2 behind_II them_PPHO2 ,_, a_AT1 whole_JJ bunch_NN1 in_II full_JJ kendo_NN1 martial_JJ arts_NN2 outfits_NN2 (_( face-masks_NN2 ,_, kimonos_NN2 ,_, swords_NN2 ,_, breastplates_NN2 )_) looking_VVG like_II a_AT1 scene_NN1 from_II Akira_NP1 Kurosawa_NP1 's_GE classic_JJ movie_NN1 ,_, *1_NULL The_AT Seven_MC Samurai_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL But_CCB really_RR there_EX was_VBDZ no_AT need_NN1 to_TO dress_VVI up_RP in_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO be_VBI eccentric_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL What_DDQ could_VM be_VBI weirder_JJR than_CSN the_AT event_NN1 itself_PPX1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL What_DDQ could_VM be_VBI more_RGR bizarre_JJ than_CSN a_AT1 mob_NN1 of_IO 70,000_MC heading_NN1 towards_II \_NULL St_NP Heliers_NP1 Beach_NP1 for_IF no_AT apparent_JJ reason_NN1 (_( I_PPIS1 mean_VV0 ,_, it_PPH1 was_VBDZ n't_XX a_AT1 sunny_JJ day_NNT1 and_CC the_AT tide_NN1 was_VBDZ so_RG far_RR out_RP you_PPY could_VM almost_RR walk_VVI to_TO Rangitoto_NP Island_NNL1 )_) ,_, after_II having_VHG first_MD made_VVN complicated_JJ arrangements_NN2 with_IW their_APPGE friends_NN2 and_CC relatives_NN2 to_TO pick_VVI them_PPHO2 up_RP when_CS they_PPHS2 got_VVD there_RL ._. ^ ^_NULL Sure_JJ ,_, most_DAT of_IO the_AT firms_NNJ2 were_VBDR putting_VVG on_II picnics_NN2 at_II the_AT beach_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB as_CSA I_PPIS1 heard_VVD one_MC1 man_NN1 say_VVI ,_, *"_" ^_NULL All_DB these_DD2 people_NN running_VVG all_DB that_DD1 way_NN1 just_RR for_IF a_AT1 couple_NN1 of_IO beers_NN2 and_CC a_AT1 horrible_JJ sausage_NN1 ._. **"_" ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 should_VM make_VVI my_APPGE own_DA part_NN1 in_II the_AT affair_NN1 quite_RG clear_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ there_RL as_II a_AT1 scientist_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 believe_VV0 that_DD1 running_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 fundamentally_RR wrong_JJ thing_NN1 for_IF human_JJ beings_NN2 to_TO do_VDI with_IW their_APPGE bodies_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Our_APPGE legs_NN2 are_VBR the_AT wrong_JJ shape_NN1 for_IF it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 rips_VVZ our_APPGE tendons_NN2 apart_RL ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 causes_VVZ dizziness_NN1 ,_, nausea_NN1 and_CC severe_JJ damage_NN1 to_II our_APPGE internal_JJ organs_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL None_PN of_IO the_AT other_JJ higher_JJR primates_NN2 do_VD0 it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Monkeys_NN2 ,_, gorillas_NN2 ,_, orangutans_NN2 do_VD0 n't_XX jog_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL What_DDQ they_PPHS2 enjoy_VV0 doing_VDG is_VBZ rollerskating_VVG and_CC riding_VVG on_II trick_NN1 cycles_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 know_VV0 this_DD1 from_II frequent_JJ visits_NN2 to_II the_AT circus_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB tricycles_NN2 ,_, skateboards_NN2 and_CC roller-skates_NN2 are_VBR not_XX allowed_VVN in_II the_AT Round_JJ the_AT Bays_NN2 race_VV0 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT announcer_NN1 said_VVD so_RG many_DA2 times_NNT2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Grizzly_NP1 bears_NN2 and_CC polar_JJ bears_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN known_VVN to_TO walk_VVI quite_RG quickly_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB they_PPHS2 never_RR jog_VV0 ._. ^ ^_NULL Neither_RR do_VD0 any_DD of_IO the_AT animals_NN2 especially_RR reputed_VVD for_IF their_APPGE intelligence_NN1 ,_, like_II whales_NN2 and_CC dolphins_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL To_TO run_VVI properly_RR you_PPY need_VV0 to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 cat_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 dog_NN1 or_CC a_AT1 horse_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Or_CC else_RR you_PPY have_VH0 to_TO be_VBI built_VVN like_II an_AT1 emu_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL For_IF a_AT1 long_JJ time_NNT1 scientists_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN puzzled_VVN by_II what_DDQ caused_VVD the_AT disappearance_NN1 of_IO the_AT dinosaurs_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Not_XX me_PPIO1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 know_VV0 what_DDQ happened_VVD to_II them_PPHO2 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 took_VVD up_RP jogging_VVG ._. ^ ^_NULL You_PPY can_VM see_VVI it_PPH1 by_II looking_VVG at_II artists_NN2 '_GE renditions_NN2 of_IO Tyrannosaurus_NP1 rexes_VVZ ._. ^ ^_NULL These_DD2 dinosaurs_NN2 are_VBR always_RR depicted_VVN up_RP on_II their_APPGE hind_JJ legs_NN2 ,_, their_APPGE feeble_JJ forepaws_NN2 held_VVD out_RP before_II them_PPHO2 ,_, a_AT1 ghastly_JJ grimace_NN1 on_II their_APPGE faces_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT classic_JJ jogging_JJ position_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Yes_UH ,_, dinosaurs_NN2 took_VVD up_RP jogging_VVG and_CC within_II a_AT1 generation_NN1 or_CC two_MC their_APPGE nervous_JJ systems_NN2 were_VBDR completely_RR shot_VVN and_CC their_APPGE bone_NN1 structure_NN1 had_VHD crumbled_VVN into_II shingle_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC now_RT human_JJ beings_NN2 are_VBR repeating_VVG the_AT same_DA tragic_JJ mistake_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Do_VD0 n't_XX get_VVI me_PPIO1 wrong_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 can_VM see_VVI the_AT necessity_NN1 for_IF short-term_JJ running_JJ if_CS you_PPY 're_VBR being_VBG pursued_VVN by_II a_AT1 ravenous_JJ tiger_NN1 or_CC if_CSW a_AT1 massive_JJ boulder_NN1 is_VBZ about_RPK to_TO drop_VVI on_II your_APPGE head_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 can_VM even_RR appreciate_VVI the_AT motives_NN2 behind_II the_AT Greek_JJ Pheidippides_NP1 running_VVG the_AT first_MD marathon_NN1 in_II 490_MC {_NULL BC_RA }_NULL ._. ^ ^_NULL Athens_NP1 was_VBDZ being_VBG invaded_VVN by_II Darius_NP1 the_AT Mede_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ essential_JJ to_TO get_VVI help_NN1 in_II a_ZZ1 hurry_VV0 from_II the_AT Spartan_JJ army_NNJ but_CCB all_DB the_AT horses_NN2 were_VBDR already_RR in_II use_NN1 against_II the_AT Persians_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Pheidippides_NP1 *1_NULL had_VHD *0_NULL to_TO jog_VVI ;_; there_EX just_RR was_VBDZ n't_XX any_DD alternative_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Then_RT after_II the_AT Persians_NN2 had_VHD been_VBN defeated_VVN at_II the_AT Battle_NN1 of_IO Marathon_NN1 someone_PN1 had_VHD to_TO take_VVI the_AT good_JJ news_NN1 back_RP to_II Athens_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB all_DB the_AT horses_NN2 had_VHD been_VBN wiped_VVN out_RP in_II the_AT fighting_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Again_RT ,_, there_EX was_VBDZ no_AT option_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Pheidippides_NP1 was_VBDZ *1_NULL forced_VVN *0_NULL to_TO jog_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB let_VM21 's_VM22 be_VBI quite_RG specific_JJ about_II the_AT effect_NN1 all_DB this_DD1 running_NN1 had_VHD on_II him_PPHO1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 killed_VVD him_PPHO1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 barely_RR had_VHD time_NNT1 to_TO croak_VVI out_RP ,_, *"_" ^_NULL Rejoice_NP1 ,_, we_PPIS2 conquer_VV0 !_! **"_" before_CS he_PPHS1 passed_VVD away_RP to_II a_AT1 better_JJR world_NN1 ,_, utterly_RR rooted_VVD ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" Remember_VV0 to_TO knot_VVI your_APPGE shoelaces_NN2 ,_, **"_" said_VVD the_AT announcer_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *"_" I_PPIS1 hope_VV0 you_PPY have_VH0 a_AT1 happy_JJ day_NNT1 ._. **"_" ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Apart_II21 from_II22 the_AT fanatics_NN2 right_RR at_II the_AT front_NN1 ,_, the_AT 70,000_MC got_VVD off_RP to_II rather_RR a_AT1 slow_JJ start_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Coming_VVG up_RP Fanshawe_NP \_NULL St_NNL1 they_PPHS2 resembled_VVD nothing_PN1 so_RR31 much_RR32 as_RR33 a_AT1 termite_NN1 colony_NN1 or_CC a_AT1 plague_NN1 of_IO brightly_JJ coloured_JJ bugs_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 's_VBZ hard_JJ to_TO be_VBI exact_JJ about_II where_RRQ the_AT agony_NN1 begins_VVZ ,_, but_CCB I_PPIS1 think_VV0 it_PPH1 's_VBZ just_RR behind_II the_AT ankles_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 soon_RR spreads_VVZ to_II the_AT back_NN1 of_IO the_AT legs_NN2 ,_, the_AT calves_NN2 ,_, the_AT thighs_NN2 ,_, the_AT groin_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Then_RT it_PPH1 hits_VVZ you_PPY square_VV0 in_II the_AT chest_NN1 like_II a_AT1 blow_NN1 from_II Sugar_NP1 Ray_NP1 Leonard_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Next_MD your_APPGE throat_NN1 begins_VVZ to_TO dry_VVI up_RP at_II about_II the_AT same_DA time_NNT1 as_CSA the_AT soles_NN2 of_IO your_APPGE feet_NN2 begin_VV0 to_TO burn_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL Your_APPGE eyes_NN2 stream_VV0 ._. ^ ^_NULL You_PPY become_VV0 asthmatic_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL You_PPY develop_VV0 a_AT1 pounding_JJ headache_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL You_PPY know_VV0 you_PPY 're_VBR going_VVGK to_TO die_VVI ,_, so_CS what_DDQ are_VBR you_PPY doing_VDG still_RR moving_VVG ?_? ^ ^_NULL Should_VM n't_XX you_PPY be_VBI trying_VVG to_TO get_VVI a_AT1 last_MD will_NN1 and_CC testament_NN1 together_RL to_TO avoid_VVI any_DD acrimony_NN1 among_II your_APPGE loved_JJ ones_NN2 after_CS you_PPY 're_VBR gone_VVN ?_? ^ ^_NULL Would_VM n't_XX it_PPH1 make_VVI more_RRR sense_VV0 to_TO collapse_VVI on_II the_AT pavement_NN1 and_CC see_VVI if_CS you_PPY can_VM find_VVI a_AT1 used_JJ cigarette_NN1 packet_NN1 to_TO write_VVI that_CST will_VV0 on_RP and_CC a_AT1 discarded_JJ lipstick_NN1 to_TO substitute_VVI as_II a_AT1 pen_NN1 ?_? ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Many_DA2 travel_NN1 brochures_NN2 extol_VV0 the_AT beauty_NN1 of_IO Auckland_NP1 's_GE coastline_NN1 and_CC point_NN1 out_RP the_AT wide_JJ range_NN1 of_IO tourist_NN1 attractions_NN2 available_JJ as_CSA you_PPY travel_VV0 round_II the_AT bays_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 're_VBR not_XX lying_VVG ._. ^ ^_NULL You_PPY could_VM begin_VVI with_IW some_DD downtown_JJ shopping_NN1 in_II the_AT city_NN1 itself_PPX1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Then_RT you_PPY could_VM have_VHI a_AT1 quick_JJ dip_NN1 in_II the_AT Tepid_JJ Baths_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL You_PPY could_VM sniff_VVI a_DD221 few_DD222 roses_NN2 at_II the_AT Parnell_NP1 Gardens_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL You_PPY could_VM watch_VVI the_AT fountain_NN1 at_II Mission_NP Bay_NNL1 change_NN1 colour_NN1 *-_- it_PPH1 's_VHZ got_VVN a_AT1 really_RR impressive_JJ range_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX 's_VBZ a_AT1 wonderful_JJ fish_NN and_CC chip_NN1 shop_NN1 at_II Mission_NP Bay_NNL1 too_RR and_CC some_DD of_IO the_AT best_JJT pizzerias_NN2 in_II the_AT country_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL You_PPY could_VM go_VVI to_TO Bastion_NP Point_NNL1 and_CC have_VH0 a_AT1 look_NN1 at_II the_AT Savage_JJ Memorial_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL You_PPY could_VM try_VVI out_RP the_AT dodgem_NN1 boats_NN2 and_CC the_AT mini-golf_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL You_PPY could_VM stare_VVI at_II the_AT sharks_NN2 and_CC stingrays_VVZ at_II Kelly_NP1 Tarlton_NP1 's_GE Underwater_JJ Museum_NNL1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Kelly_NP1 Tarlton_NP1 's_GE has_VHZ a_AT1 restaurant_NN1 attached_VVN to_II it_PPH1 now_RT and_CC it_PPH1 serves_VVZ this_DD1 incredible_JJ chocolate_NN1 dessert_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL With_IW so_RG much_DA1 available_JJ so_RG close_RR to_II you_PPY ,_, why_RRQ put_VVI yourself_PPX1 through_II so_RG much_DA1 torment_NN1 ?_? ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Because_CS it_PPH1 's_VBZ good_JJ for_IF us_PPIO2 ,_, some_DD argue_VV0 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 must_VM be_VBI blind_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Or_CC crazy_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Jogging_NP1 does_VDZ n't_XX bring_VVI out_RP the_AT best_JJT in_II people_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 brings_VVZ out_RP the_AT worst_JJT ._. ^ ^_NULL You_PPY just_RR need_VV0 to_TO stand_VVI at_II the_AT finishing_JJ line_NN1 of_IO the_AT Round_JJ the_AT Bays_NN2 run_VV0 and_CC watch_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL People_NN who_PNQS are_VBR obviously_RR on_II the_AT point_NN1 of_IO collapse_NN1 are_VBR prepared_VVN to_TO cripple_VVI themselves_PPX2 for_IF life_NN1 with_IW one_MC1 last_MD spurt_NN1 just_RR so_CS21 that_CS22 they_PPHS2 'll_VM beat_VVI their_APPGE next-door_JJ neighbour_NN1 or_CC someone_PN1 who_PNQS works_VVZ in_II the_AT same_DA office_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX are_VBR exceptions_NN2 ,_, I_PPIS1 grant_VV0 you_PPY *-_- people_NN who_PNQS push_VV0 invalids_NN2 in_II wheelchairs_NN2 in_II31 front_II32 of_II33 them_PPHO2 or_CC carry_VV0 children_NN2 on_II their_APPGE shoulders_NN2 and_CC somehow_RR manage_VV0 to_TO smile_VVI as_CSA they_PPHS2 do_VD0 it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB the_AT bulk_NN1 of_IO the_AT contestants_NN2 looked_VVD pretty_RG vicious_JJ to_II me_PPIO1 by_II the_AT end_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 's_VBZ only_RR to_TO be_VBI expected_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 'm_VBM no_AT misanthrope_NN1 and_CC I_PPIS1 'm_VBM not_XX blaming_VVG anyone_PN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 's_VBZ just_RR that_CST most_DAT of_IO us_PPIO2 do_VD0 n't_XX react_VVI very_RG well_RR to_II physical_JJ torture_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ none_PN more_RRR vicious_JJ than_CSN me_PPIO1 either_DD1 when_RRQ ,_, with_IW a_AT1 time_NNT1 of_IO over_RP one_MC1 hour_NNT1 (_( some_DD manage_VV0 the_AT course_NN1 in_II times_NNT2 under_RG 30_MC minutes_NNT2 )_) I_PPIS1 struggled_VVD to_TO pip_VVI at_II the_AT post_NN1 the_AT guy_NN1 with_IW the_AT wonky_JJ leg_NN1 who_PNQS lives_VVZ down_II the_AT1 road_NN1 from_II me_PPIO1 ._. ^ (_( ^_NULL I_PPIS1 mean_VV0 ,_, it_PPH1 's_VBZ humiliating_JJ to_TO be_VBI beaten_VVN by_II someone_PN1 who_PNQS does_VDZ n't_XX even_RR walk_VVI properly_RR ._. )_) ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 ca_VM n't_XX say_VVI that_DD1 jogging_NN1 does_VDZ much_DA1 for_IF most_DAT people_NN 's_GE appearance_NN1 either_DD1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II fact_NN1 ,_, by_II the_AT end_NN1 ,_, they_PPHS2 look_VV0 horrifying_VVG *-_- their_APPGE complexions_NN2 beetroot-red_JJ with_IW great_JJ purple_JJ veins_NN2 standing_VVG out_RP like_II canals_NN2 on_II a_AT1 map_NN1 of_IO Mars_NP1 ,_, their_APPGE eyes_NN2 no_RR21 longer_RR22 able_JJ to_TO focus_VVI ,_, their_APPGE hair_NN1 like_II the_AT fur_NN1 on_II drowned_JJ mice_NN2 ,_, their_APPGE underpants_NN2 showing_VVG through_II their_APPGE saturated_JJ shorts_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 takes_VVZ them_PPHO2 a_AT1 long_JJ time_NNT1 to_TO recover_VVI too_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL At_RR21 least_RR22 an_AT1 hour_NNT1 went_VVD by_RP before_II most_DAT people_NN had_VHD the_AT strength_NN1 to_TO face_VVI a_AT1 sausage_NN1 sandwich_NN1 and_CC pose_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 group_NN photograph_VV0 to_TO go_VVI into_II the_AT company_NN1 newsletter_NN1 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 246+TEXT+G59_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL Nigel_NP1 Dick_NP1 and_CC Julian_NP1 Mounter_NP1 ,_, Broadcasting_NN1 Corporation_NNJ chief_JJ executive_NN and_CC Television_NN1 New_NP Zealand_NP1 director-general_NN1 are_VBR two_MC of_IO tomorrow_RT 's_GE men_NN2 :_: the_AT price_NN1 of_IO appointing_VVG yesterday_RT 's_GE people_NN was_VBDZ too_RG high_JJ for_IF the_AT {_NULL BCNZ_NP }_NULL to_TO pay_VVI ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT corporation_NNJ board_NN1 caused_VVD a_AT1 minor_JJ sensation_NN1 inside_II staff_NN ranks_NN2 by_II passing_VVG over_II favoured_JJ insiders_NN2 to_TO go_VVI outside_RL for_IF an_AT1 Australian_JJ and_CC an_AT1 Englishman_NN1 to_TO fill_VVI the_AT top_NN1 two_MC posts_NN2 in_II the_AT television_NN1 hierarchy_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT problem_NN1 with_IW present_JJ staff_NN is_VBZ their_APPGE identification_NN1 with_IW the_AT yesterdays_NN2 of_IO television_NN1 over_II the_AT past_JJ quarter_NN1 **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL -century_NNT1 ;_; not_XX so_RG much_RR the_AT distant_JJ yesterdays_NN2 of_IO the_AT old_JJ {_NULL NZBC_NP }_NULL before_II 1975_MC ,_, an_AT1 era_NN1 of_IO rubber_JJ band-propulsion_NN1 **[_NULL sic_RR **]_NULL now_RT regarded_VVN indulgently_RR and_CC nostalgically_RR for_IF all_DB its_APPGE faults_NN1 ,_, but_CCB the_AT decade_NNT1 since_RR ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL This_DD1 has_VHZ been_VBN the_AT decade_NNT1 of_IO divisions_NN2 *-_- first_MD the_AT five_MC years_NNT2 in_II which_DDQ Television_NN1 One_MC1 and_CC South_NP Pacific_NP1 Television_NN1 operated_VVD as_RG competitive_JJ rivals_NN2 ,_, then_RT five_MC years_NNT2 in_II which_DDQ the_AT present_NN1 {_NULL TVNZ_NP }_NULL has_VHZ attempted_VVN unhealthily_RR to_TO stitch_VVI old_JJ rivalries_NN2 together_RL ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT {_NULL TVNZ_NP }_NULL era_NN1 has_VHZ merely_RR submerged_VVN the_AT rifts_NN2 of_IO the_AT preceding_VVG era_NN1 *-_- the_AT old_JJ \_NULL TV_NN1 One_MC1 and_CC {_NULL SPTV_NP }_NULL enmity_NN1 disguised_VVD as_II a_AT1 simple_JJ Auckland/_FO Wellington_NN1 rivalry_NN1 ,_, with_IW the_AT added_JJ complication_NN1 of_IO which_DDQ executive_JJ from_II which_DDQ predecessor_NN1 channel_NN1 was_VBDZ preferred_VVN over_II counterparts_NN2 from_II the_AT other_JJ side_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Even_RR more_RGR significant_JJ in_II the_AT setting-up_NN1 of_IO {_NULL TVNZ_NP }_NULL was_VBDZ the_AT expedient_JJ course_NN1 of_IO replacing_VVG two_MC autonomous_JJ vertical_JJ structures_NN2 *-_- the_AT two_MC separate_JJ networks_NN2 *-_- with_IW a_AT1 horizontal_JJ divorce_NN1 between_II the_AT local_JJ programme-makers_NN2 on_II one_MC1 side_NN1 and_CC the_AT business_NN1 operations_NN2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 programme_NN1 scheduling_VVG ,_, marketing_NN1 and_CC operations_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL These_DD2 are_VBR mechanics_NN2 of_IO yesterday_RT :_: the_AT heaviest_JJT liabilities_NN2 accruing_VVG from_II the_AT past_NN1 are_VBR the_AT assumptions_NN2 that_DD1 television_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT sole_JJ province_NN1 of_IO the_AT state_NN1 *-_- initially_RR through_II the_AT device_NN1 of_IO setting_VVG up_RP artificial_JJ competition_NN1 between_II two_MC state_NN1 corporations_NNJ2 *-_- and_CC the_AT succeeding_JJ view_NN1 that_DD1 television_NN1 should_VM be_VBI manipulated_VVN through_II a_AT1 state_NN1 body_NN1 controlling_VVG and_CC orchestrating_VVG all_DB ,_, albeit_CS only_RR two_MC ,_, outlets_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Quite_RG obviously_RR ,_, with_IW the_AT interminable_JJ hearings_NN2 of_IO the_AT Broadcasting_NN1 Tribunal_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 private_JJ enterprise_NN1 ,_, regionally_RR based_VVN third_MD channel_NN1 system_NN1 ,_, that_DD1 sort_NN1 of_IO monopoly_NN1 is_VBZ on_II its_APPGE last_MD legs_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL That_DD1 is_VBZ why_RRQ Dick_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 seasoned_JJ Australian_JJ commercial_JJ television_NN1 executive_NN who_PNQS learned_VVD much_DA1 of_IO his_APPGE trade_NN1 at_II the_AT side_NN1 of_IO Kerry_NP1 Packer_NP1 ,_, is_VBZ at_II the_AT top_NN1 *-_- now_RT ._. ^ ^_NULL His_PPGE is_VBZ the_AT short-term_JJ challenge_NN1 ;_; to_TO co-ordinate_VVI a_AT1 hard-nosed_JJ response_NN1 to_II the_AT immediate_JJ threat_NN1 of_IO competition_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL But_CCB looking_VVG beyond_II the_AT late_JJ 1980s_MC2 battle_NN1 for_IF ratings_NN2 *-_- and_CC there_EX is_VBZ little_DA1 reason_NN1 to_TO suspect_VVI {_NULL TVNZ_NP }_NULL will_VM not_XX win_VVI out_RP ,_, given_VVN a_AT1 two_MC channel_NN1 to_II one_MC1 advantage_NN1 *-_- there_EX is_VBZ Mounter_NP1 ,_, some_DD 15_MC years_NNT2 younger_JJR and_CC a_AT1 graduate_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 newer_JJR school_NN1 of_IO television_NN1 thinking_VVG ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT days_NNT2 of_IO land-based_JJ television_NN1 networks_NN2 requiring_VVG some_DD 400_MC transmitters_NN2 and_CC hogging_VVG ,_, at_II prohibitive_JJ cost_NN1 ,_, almost_RR all_DB the_AT allocated_JJ {_NULL VHF_NN1 }_NULL and_CC most_DAT of_IO the_AT so_RG far_RR unassigned_JJ {_NULL UHF_NN1 }_NULL spectrum_NN1 ,_, are_VBR almost_RR over_RP ;_; the_AT third_MD channel_NN1 may_VM well_RR be_VBI an_AT1 unwise_JJ last_MD use_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 old_JJ technology_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Aussat_NP1 is_VBZ already_RR putting_VVG in_II place_NN1 Australia_NP1 's_GE first-generation_JJ domestic_JJ satellite_NN1 system_NN1 ,_, offering_VVG some_DD limited_JJ fringe_NN1 use_VV0 to_TO New_NP Zealand_NP1 for_IF networking_VVG between_II studios_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II five_MC years_NNT2 it_PPH1 will_VM be_VBI moving_VVG into_II the_AT second_MD generation_NN1 ,_, in_II which_DDQ New_NP Zealand_NP1 should_VM participate_VVI fully_RR ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Even_RR now_RT Aussat_NP1 offers_VVZ Australian_JJ viewers_NN2 outside_II the_AT range_NN1 of_IO metropolitan_JJ signals_NN2 an_AT1 {_NULL ABC_NN1 }_NULL programme_NN1 beamed_VVD direct_RR to_II domestic_JJ terminal_NN1 from_II satellite_NN1 nationwide_RL ._. ^ ^_NULL Also_RR envisaged_VVN are_VBR four_MC regional_JJ commercial_JJ signals_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Already_RR New_NP Zealand_NP1 pubs_NN2 and_CC motels_NN2 suitably_RR equipped_VVD with_IW king_NN1 **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL -sized_JJ dish_NN1 antennas_NN2 can_VM tune_VVI into_II Australia_NP1 and_CC have_VH0 the_AT extra_JJ bonus_NN1 of_IO American_JJ satellite_NN1 signals_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL While_CS cable_NN1 is_VBZ uneconomic_JJ on_II a_AT1 large_JJ scale_NN1 here_RL ,_, one_PN1 need_VM only_RR look_VVI to_TO North_NP America_NP1 where_RRQ cable_NN1 operators_NN2 distribute_VV0 programming_VVG by_II satellite_NN1 and_CC dish-owners_NN2 tap_VV0 in_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT future_JJ course_NN1 of_IO multi-channel_JJ television_NN1 technology_NN1 is_VBZ obvious_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Its_APPGE future_NN1 is_VBZ equally_RR obvious_JJ in_II Europe_NP1 ,_, where_RRQ Rupert_NP1 Murdoch_NP1 has_VHZ launched_VVN Skychannel_NP1 ,_, one_MC1 of_IO the_AT first_MD {_NULL DBS_NP }_NULL (_( direct_JJ broadcast_NN1 satellite_NN1 )_) services_NN2 challenging_VVG the_AT monopolies_NN2 of_IO the_AT {_NULL BBC_NP }_NULL ,_, {_NULL ITV_NP1 }_NULL and_CC their_APPGE established_JJ continental_JJ counterparts_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Electronics_NN1 giant_NN1 ,_, Thorn-_JJ {_NULL EMI_NP1 }_NULL ,_, is_VBZ also_RR in_II the_AT {_NULL DBS_NP }_NULL business_NN1 ,_, forcing_VVG the_AT {_NULL BBC_NP }_NULL and_CC {_NULL ITV_NP1 }_NULL to_TO follow_VVI suit_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC the_AT Thorn-_JJ {_NULL EMI_NP1 }_NULL satellite_NN1 was_VBDZ masterminded_VVN ,_, until_CS recently_RR ,_, by_II Julian_NP1 Mounter_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Now_RT Mounter_NP1 has_VHZ come_VVN back_RP to_II earth_NN1 *-_- but_CCB with_IW a_AT1 {_NULL TVNZ_NP }_NULL that_CST has_VHZ to_TO look_VVI beyond_II \_NULL TV3_FO to_II a_ZZ1 not_XX too_RG distant_JJ future_NN1 in_II which_DDQ the_AT major_JJ Australian_JJ networks_NN2 ,_, and_CC maybe_RR even_RR the_AT North_NP American_JJ network_NN1 giants_NN2 and_CC their_APPGE newer_JJR cable_NN1 rivals_NN2 ,_, also_RR have_VH0 access_NN1 to_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 homes_NN2 via_II satellite_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL So_RR while_CS the_AT {_NULL TVNZ_NP }_NULL rhetoric_NN1 under_II Mounter_NP1 may_VM sound_VVI akin_JJ to_II that_DD1 of_IO his_APPGE predecessors_NN2 *-_- the_AT encouragement_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 healthy_JJ home_NN1 production_NN1 industry_NN1 *-_- the_AT pressures_NN2 are_VBR changing_VVG ._. ^ ^_NULL Given_VVN the_AT prospect_NN1 of_IO the_AT overseas_JJ heavies_NN2 spilling_VVG their_APPGE signals_NN2 across_II our_APPGE borders_NN2 almost_RR by_II accident_NN1 ,_, the_AT chances_NN2 of_IO {_NULL TVNZ_NP }_NULL still_RR enjoying_VVG first-run_JJ New_NP Zealand_NP1 rights_NN2 for_IF the_AT 1990_MC equivalent_NN1 of_IO Miami_NP1 Vice_NN1 will_VM be_VBI slim_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB then_RT again_RT ,_, is_VBZ the_AT Nine_MC Network_NN1 or_CC {_NULL CBS_NP }_NULL going_VVGK to_TO bother_VVI televising_VVG Ranfurly_NP1 Shield_NN1 challenges_NN2 ,_, the_AT Miss_NN1 New_NP Zealand_NP1 final_JJ or_CC Country_NN1 Calendar_NN1 ?_? ^ |_NULL ^_NULL These_DD2 are_VBR changes_NN2 on_II a_AT1 global_JJ scale_NN1 for_IF {_NULL TVNZ_NP }_NULL ._. ^ ^_NULL Closer_RRR to_II home_RL the_AT pressures_NN2 are_VBR mounting_VVG for_IF broadcasting_NN1 to_TO be_VBI included_VVN in_II the_AT wave_NN1 of_IO more-market_JJ total_JJ deregulations_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Maybe_RR Treasury_NN1 went_VVD over_II the_AT top_NN1 in_II advocating_VVG to_II the_AT Royal_JJ Commission_NNJ on_II Broadcasting_VVG ,_, an_AT1 open-slather_JJ sell-off_NN1 of_IO the_AT whole_JJ radio_NN1 and_CC television_NN1 spectrum_NN1 by_II tender_JJ to_II the_AT highest_JJT bidders_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II this_DD1 scenario_NN1 ,_, tribunals_NN2 ,_, warrants_NN2 ,_, television_NN1 licences_NN2 for_IF viewers_NN2 and_CC obligations_NN2 to_TO produce_VVI uncommercial_JJ ,_, public_JJ service_NN1 programming_NN1 disappear_VV0 *-_- radical_JJ rightest_JJT thinking_VVG perhaps_RR ,_, but_CCB an_AT1 understandable_JJ reaction_NN1 to_II the_AT monolithic_JJ monopoly_NN1 of_IO {_NULL TVNZ_NP }_NULL ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Dick_NP1 first_MD ,_, and_CC Mounter_NP1 longer-term_NN1 ,_, have_VH0 to_TO manoeuvre_VVI in_II a_AT1 climate_NN1 of_IO unfettered_JJ enterprise_NN1 overseen_NN1 by_II the_AT same_DA Roger_NP1 Douglas_NP1 who_PNQS ,_, as_CSA Minister_NN1 of_IO Broadcasting_NN1 ,_, did_VDD not_XX shrink_VVI 13_MC years_NNT2 ago_RA from_II dismantling_VVG the_AT entrenched_JJ {_NULL NZBC_NP }_NULL apparatus_NN1 in_II31 favour_II32 of_II33 a_AT1 more_RGR open_JJ ,_, even_CS21 if_CS22 still_RR limited_VVN ,_, competition_NN1 for_IF audiences_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 still_RR remains_VVZ to_TO be_VBI seen_VVN whether_CSW the_AT {_NULL TVNZ_NP }_NULL of_IO 1986_MC is_VBZ more_RGR durable_JJ than_CSN the_AT {_NULL NZBC_NP }_NULL of_IO 1972_MC *-_- particularly_RR under_II a_AT1 new_JJ management_NN divorced_VVD from_II the_AT South_NP Pacific_NP1 Television_NN1 of_IO 1979_MC ._. ^ *<_NULL by_II Warren_NP1 Mayne_NP1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL is_VBZ a_AT1 freelance_NN1 media_NN writer_NN1 and_CC commentator_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL New_NP Zealand_NP1 *6_NULL TOMORROW_RT *>_NULL ^ *<_NULL *2_NULL HUMOUR_NN1 *>_NULL ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Silver_NP1 threads_VVZ among_II the_AT ..._... by_II pass_NN1 ?_? ^ *>_NULL ^ *<_NULL *0_NULL by_II Ian_NP1 Grant_NP1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT author_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 writer_NN1 and_CC publisher_NN1 living_VVG in_II Masterton_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL It_PPH1 's_VBZ already_RR on_II the_AT cards_NN2 that_CST I_PPIS1 'm_VBM going_VVGK to_TO live_VVI to_II a_AT1 crusty_JJ old_JJ age_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *"_" Hell_NN1 ,_, **"_" the_AT family_NN mutters_VVZ collectively_RR ,_, *"_" he_PPHS1 's_VBZ grumpy_JJ enough_RR and_CC showing_VVG signs_NN2 of_IO senility_NN1 at_II 45_MC *-_- what_DDQ will_VM he_PPHS1 be_VBI like_II at_II 85_MC ._. **"_" ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 'm_VBM not_XX basing_VVG my_APPGE presumed_JJ longevity_NN1 on_II feeling_VVG particularly_RR robust_JJ or_CC a_AT1 burning_JJ desire_NN1 to_TO be_VBI alive_JJ in_II 2040_MC ,_, but_CCB on_II a_AT1 mixture_NN1 of_IO research_NN1 and_CC observation_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL My_APPGE wife_NN1 and_CC I_ZZ1 are_VBR interested_JJ in_II genealogy_NN1 *-_- although_CS I_PPIS1 must_VM say_VVI my_APPGE enthusiasm_NN1 has_VHZ flagged_VVN since_II discovering_VVG I_PPIS1 come_VV0 ,_, in_II part_NN1 ,_, from_II a_AT1 long_JJ line_NN1 of_IO \_NULL C._NP1 of_IO \_NULL E._NP1 clergymen_NN2 stretching_VVG back_RP to_II 1695_MC at_RR21 least_RR22 ._. ^ ^_NULL While_CS this_DD1 might_VM explain_VVI my_APPGE unflagging_JJ devotion_NN1 to_II atheism_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 has_VHZ been_VBN depressing_JJ not_XX to_TO find_VVI a_AT1 single_JJ mad_JJ poet_NN1 ,_, jolly_JJ buccaneer_NN1 or_CC even_RR a_AT1 local_JJ body_NN1 politician_NN1 among_II my_APPGE ancestors_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB I_PPIS1 have_VH0 discovered_VVN going_VVG back_RP seven_MC generations_NN2 on_II my_APPGE father_NN1 's_VBZ \_NULL C._NP1 of_IO \_NULL E._NP1 line_NN1 ,_, average_JJ god-fearing_JJ lives_NN2 of_IO 75_MC plus_II years_NNT2 *-_- even_CS21 though_CS22 many_DA2 of_IO them_PPHO2 lived_VVD during_II eras_NN2 when_RRQ colourful_JJ assortments_NN2 of_IO plagues_NN2 were_VBDR regularly_RR rampaging_VVG ._. ^ ^_NULL As_CSA further_JJR evidence_NN1 that_CST the_AT genes_NN2 are_VBR performing_VVG up_RP to_TO scratch_VVI is_VBZ my_APPGE body_NN1 's_VBZ seeming_VVG indifference_NN1 ,_, over_II the_AT last_MD 25_MC years_NNT2 ,_, to_II ridiculously_RR long_RR working_VVG hours_NNT2 ,_, minimal_JJ sleep_NN1 ,_, overeating_VVG and_CC drinking_NN1 and_CC an_AT1 almost_RR total_JJ lack_NN1 of_IO exercise_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 rest_VV0 my_APPGE case_NN1 on_II the_AT fact_NN1 that_CST I_PPIS1 've_VH0 spent_VVN one_MC1 ,_, perhaps_RR two_MC ,_, or_CC maybe_RR three_MC days_NNT2 in_II bed_NN1 during_II that_DD1 period_NN1 (_( it_PPH1 's_VBZ my_APPGE memory_NN1 not_XX my_APPGE body_NN1 that_CST 's_VBZ failing_VVG )_) ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL But_CCB when_CS the_AT year_NNT1 2040_MC finally_RR catches_VVZ up_RP with_IW me_PPIO1 and_CC I_ZZ1 (_( not_XX to_TO mention_VVI surviving_VVG friends_NN2 and_CC relatives_NN2 )_) have_VH0 had_VHN more_DAR than_CSN enough_RR ,_, I_PPIS1 'm_VBM apprehensive_JJ there_EX will_VM be_VBI determined_JJ efforts_NN2 made_VVD to_TO patch_VVI me_PPIO1 up_RP to_TO last_VVI another_DD1 few_DA2 decades_NNT2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 do_VD0 n't_XX want_VVI to_TO be_VBI churlish_JJ about_II advances_NN2 in_II medical_JJ science_NN1 and_CC the_AT organ_NN1 transplants_VVZ that_CST give_VV0 a_AT1 normal_JJ lifespan_NN1 to_II the_AT ailing_JJ young_JJ ..._... and_CC I_PPIS1 suppose_VV0 one_PN1 has_VHZ to_TO admire_VVI the_AT fore_JJ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL -sight_NN1 of_IO doctors_NN2 in_II protecting_VVG their_APPGE three_MC car_NN1 and_CC lakeside_NN1 villa_NN1 lifestyles_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL After_II all_DB ,_, the_AT ways_NN2 things_NN2 are_VBR developing_VVG ,_, doctors_NN2 will_VM be_VBI about_RP as_CSA necessary_JJ as_CSA bank_NN1 tellers_NN2 and_CC wharfies_NN2 in_II a_DD221 few_DD222 years_NNT2 time_VV0 ._. ^ ^_NULL Instead_II21 of_II22 the_AT traditionally_RR hit_VVN or_CC miss_NN1 diagnosis_NN1 of_IO your_APPGE local_JJ {_NULL GP_NN1 }_NULL ,_, likely_JJ to_TO be_VBI influenced_VVN by_II an_AT1 inedible_JJ Rotary_JJ club_NN lunch_NN1 ,_, poor_JJ golf_NN1 round_RP or_CC his_APPGE wife_NN1 's_VBZ sudden_JJ and_CC unhealthy_JJ interest_NN1 in_II alternative_JJ medicine_NN1 ,_, your_APPGE aches_NN2 ,_, pains_NN2 and_CC feelings_NN2 will_VM soon_RR be_VBI fed_VVN into_II a_AT1 computer_NN1 and_CC an_AT1 expert_NN1 and_CC entirely_RR consistent_JJ response_NN1 will_VM come_VVI from_II a_AT1 medical_JJ luminary_NN1 who_PNQS probably_RR lives_VVZ in_II Los_NP Angeles_NP1 or_CC Manchester_NP1 *-_- if_CSW he_PPHS1 has_VHZ n't_XX died_VVN since_II recording_VVG his_APPGE diagnostic_JJ speciality_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL So_RR ,_, in_II a_AT1 fraction_NN1 of_IO the_AT time_NNT1 it_PPH1 takes_VVZ to_TO build_VVI a_AT1 portfolio_NN1 of_IO blue_JJ chips_NN2 ,_, the_AT average_JJ doctor_NN1 is_VBZ going_VVGK to_TO be_VBI left_VVN with_IW his_APPGE Hippocratic_JJ oath_NN1 (_( *'_" thou_PPY shalt_VM at_II all_DB times_NNT2 earn_VV0 more_DAR than_CSN chartered_JJ accountants_NN2 **'_" )_) and_CC very_RG little_DA1 besides_RR ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II the_AT circumstances_NN2 ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ hardly_RR surprising_JJ that_CST doctors_NN2 see_VV0 such_DA a_AT1 promising_JJ future_NN1 in_II transplant_NN1 technology_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL As_CSA those_DD2 dreary_JJ surgery_NN1 hours_NNT2 are_VBR increasingly_RR taken_VVN care_NN1 of_IO by_II the_AT computer_NN1 and_CC attendant_JJ nurse_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 'll_VM probably_RR find_VVI doctors_NN2 out_RP on_II the_AT road_NN1 with_IW their_APPGE sample_NN1 cases_NN2 ..._... ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL *"_" ^_NULL A_AT1 new_JJ heart_NN1 ,_, \_NULL Mr_NNB Grant_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Fully_RR guaranteed_JJ pump_NN1 action_NN1 and_CC new_JJ improved_JJ \_NULL polycodswollopthene_NN1 ,_, double_JJ action_NN1 ,_, interchangeable_JJ right_NN1 and_CC left_JJ ventricles_NN2 ._. **"_" ^ |_NULL *"_" ^_NULL Well_RR ,_, not_XX today_RT ..._... **"_" ^ |_NULL *"_" ^_NULL In_II that_DD1 case_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 new_JJ right_JJ leg_NN1 perhaps_RR *-_- without_IW those_DD2 unsightly_JJ varicose_JJ veins_NN2 and_CC that_DD1 funny_JJ sort_NN1 of_IO webbing_VVG between_II the_AT toes_NN2 ._. **"_" ^ |_NULL *"_" ^_NULL Well_RR ,_, it_PPH1 does_VDZ still_RR go_VVI ,_, you_PPY know_VV0 ._. **"_" ^ |_NULL *"_" ^_NULL It_PPH1 *4_NULL goes_VVZ ,_, *0_NULL \_NULL Mr_NNB Grant_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 do_VD0 n't_XX think_VVI you_PPY understand_VV0 I_PPIS1 'm_VBM talking_VVG about_II a_AT1 new_JJ level_NN1 of_IO performance_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL About_II state_NN1 of_IO the_AT art_NN1 right_JJ legs_NN2 ._. **"_" ^ |_NULL *"_" ^_NULL Well_RR my_APPGE legs_NN2 *4_NULL are_VBR *0_NULL a_AT1 matching_JJ set_NN1 ,_, doctor_NN1 ._. **"_" ^ |_NULL *"_" ^_NULL Do_VD0 n't_XX give_VVI it_PPH1 another_DD1 thought_NN1 ,_, \_NULL Mr_NNB Grant_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Look_VV0 ,_, here_RL in_II the_AT catalogue_NN1 ,_, state_NN1 of_IO the_AT art_NN1 left_JJ legs_NN2 too_RR !_! **"_" ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL In_II time_NNT1 *-_- with_IW Tom_NP1 's_GE heart_NN1 ,_, Dick_NP1 's_GE liver_NN1 and_CC Harry_NP1 's_GE kidney_NN1 ticking_VVG over_RP or_CC pulsating_VVG away_RP in_II what_DDQ is_VBZ possibly_RR your_APPGE own_DA chest_NN1 *-_- even_RR the_AT objections_NN2 about_II not_XX knowing_VVG who_PNQS you_PPY are_VBR any_DD more_DAR will_VM be_VBI answered_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX will_VM be_VBI buy-now-use-later_JJR ,_, branded_JJ sets_NN2 of_IO every_AT1 imaginable_JJ human_JJ part_NN1 made_VVN from_II look-alike_NN1 ,_, feel-alike_JJ synthetic_JJ material_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC if_CSW the_AT Americans_NN2 have_VH0 anything_PN1 to_TO do_VDI with_IW it_PPH1 ,_, there_EX will_VM be_VBI novelty_NN1 items_NN2 as_RR21 well_RR22 :_: *"_" ^_NULL Try_VV0 the_AT polka_NN1 **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL -dot_JJ pancreas_NN1 ,_, so_CS you_PPY can_VM be_VBI a_AT1 fun_JJ person_NN1 through_RP and_CC through_RP !_! **"_" ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 might_VM be_VBI a_AT1 very_RG stick-in-the-mud_JJ attitude_NN1 ,_, but_CCB I_PPIS1 have_VH0 the_AT lingering_JJ feeling_NN1 that_CST ,_, if_CS I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ meant_VVN to_TO live_VVI for_IF more_DAR than_CSN those_DD2 85_MC or_CC so_RR years_NNT2 ,_, I_PPIS1 would_VM have_VHI been_VBN provided_VVN with_IW longer-lasting_JJR equipment_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT ever-growing_JJ obsession_NN1 with_IW looking_VVG young_JJ and_CC acting_VVG youthful_JJ will_VM doubtless_RR find_VVI its_APPGE ultimate_JJ expression_NN1 in_II the_AT transplant_NN1 industry_NN1 ,_, but_CCB this_DD1 seems_VVZ to_TO raise_VVI some_DD fundamental_JJ questions_NN2 about_II personal_JJ identity_NN1 and_CC the_AT meaning_NN1 of_IO human_JJ existence_NN1 that_CST transcend_VV0 medical_JJ technology_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL If_CS I_PPIS1 did_VDD n't_XX come_VVI from_II that_DD1 long_JJ line_NN1 of_IO clergymen_NN2 ,_, I_PPIS1 might_VM even_RR be_VBI tempted_VVN to_TO look_VVI to_II religion_NN1 to_TO provide_VVI some_DD answers_NN2 ..._... ^ *<_NULL *2_NULL ESSAY_NN1 *>_NULL ^ *<_NULL *6_NULL GROWING_VVG UP_RP IN_II *'_" THE_AT MOST_RGT BORING_JJ PLACE_NN1 IN_II THE_AT WORLD_NN1 **'_" *>_NULL ^ *<_NULL BY_II LEO_NP1 SCHULZ_NP1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL To_II almost_RR any_DD Aucklander_NP1 ,_, Mount_NNL1 Wellington_NP is_VBZ The_AT Most_RGT Boring_JJ Place_NN1 in_II the_AT World_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 place_NN1 in_II which_DDQ nothing_PN1 could_VM ever_RR happen_VVI ,_, its_APPGE low_JJ rolling_JJ landscape_NN1 varied_VVD only_RR by_II the_AT thickset_JJ mountain_NN1 and_CC the_AT grey_JJ ,_, muddy_JJ Panmure_NP Basin_NNL1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT mountain_NN1 ,_, although_CS among_II the_AT city_NN1 's_VBZ highest_JJT ,_, has_VHZ been_VBN scarred_VVN by_II quarrying_VVG and_CC has_VHZ neither_RR the_AT focal_JJ monument_NN1 nor_CC the_AT splendid_JJ park_NN1 of_IO Maungakiekie_NP1 (_( One_MC1 Tree_NP Hill_NNL1 )_) ,_, nor_CC the_AT lovely_JJ trees_NN2 and_CC the_AT central_JJ views_NN2 of_IO Maungawhau_NP1 (_( Mount_NNL1 Eden_NP )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL As_II21 for_II22 the_AT Panmure_NP Basin_NNL1 (_( Kaiahiku_NP1 )_) ,_, the_AT tide_NN1 always_RR seems_VVZ to_TO be_VBI so_RG far_RR out_RP that_CST it_PPH1 gives_VVZ the_AT impression_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 mudflat_NN1 struggling_VVG to_TO become_VVI a_AT1 puddle_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Beside_II the_AT plainness_NN1 of_IO the_AT suburb_NN1 's_GE natural_JJ setting_NN1 ,_, the_AT more_RGR recent_JJ processes_NN2 of_IO civilisation_NN1 appear_VV0 to_TO have_VHI managed_VVN to_TO only_RR make_VVI matters_NN2 noticeably_RR worse_JJR ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT houses_NN2 are_VBR all_DB small_JJ ,_, squat_NN1 ,_, low-cost_JJ and_CC uniformly_RR designed_VVN for_IF the_AT rapid-construction_JJ techniques_NN2 of_IO large-scale_JJ developments_NN2 ,_, their_APPGE *'_" sections_NN2 **'_" laid_VVD out_RP at_II a_AT1 time_NNT1 when_RRQ the_AT arts_NN2 of_IO landscaping_VVG were_VBDR unavailable_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Surrounding_VVG the_AT residential_JJ areas_NN2 are_VBR sprawling_VVG ,_, dirty_JJ ,_, noisome_JJ heavy_JJ industrial_JJ zones_NN2 ;_; huge_JJ factories_NN2 ,_, yards_NN2 and_CC warehouses_NN2 seemingly_RR competing_VVG for_IF the_AT greatest_JJT clutter_NN1 and_CC the_AT greatest_JJT ugliness_NN1 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 247+TEXT+G60_FO **]_NULL ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL For_IF the_AT Maori_NP1 ,_, without_IW sovereignty_NN1 we_PPIS2 are_VBR dead_JJ as_II a_AT1 nation_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ not_XX sovereignty_NN1 or_CC no_AT sovereignty_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ sovereignty_NN1 or_CC nothing_PN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 have_VH0 no_AT choice_NN1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ the_AT challenge_NN1 which_DDQ Maori_JJ people_NN ,_, especially_RR women_NN2 and_CC young_JJ people_NN ,_, have_VH0 addressed_VVN to_II themselves_PPX2 and_CC to_II the_AT Pakeha_NP1 in_II the_AT past_JJ decade_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Building_NP1 on_II the_AT long_JJ history_NN1 of_IO Maori_JJ resistance_NN1 movements_NN2 ,_, they_PPHS2 have_VH0 continued_VVN to_TO assert_VVI the_AT right_NN of_IO Maori_JJ people_NN as_II tangata_NN1 whenua_NN1 o_ZZ1 Aotearoa_NP1 and_CC to_TO challenge_VVI the_AT Pakeha_NP1 failure_NN1 to_TO honour_VVI te_AT Tiriti_NP1 o_ZZ1 Waitangi_NP1 which_DDQ ,_, traditionally_RR ,_, is_VBZ the_AT constitutional_JJ basis_NN1 of_IO Pakeha_NP1 government_NN in_II Aotearoa_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II Aotearoa_NP1 today_RT there_EX is_VBZ little_DA1 room_NN1 to_TO continue_VVI the_AT pretence_NN1 of_IO multiracial_JJ harmony_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT divisions_NN2 are_VBR there_RL to_TO be_VBI seen_VVN and_CC clamour_VV0 to_TO be_VBI dealt_VVN with_IW ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT terms_NN2 of_IO traditional_JJ debates_NN2 on_II race_NN1 relations_NN2 and_CC equality_NN1 of_IO opportunity_NN1 ,_, based_VVN on_II the_AT concept_NN1 of_IO the_AT Maori_JJ as_II an_AT1 underprivileged_JJ minority_NN1 ,_, have_VH0 been_VBN turned_VVN on_II their_APPGE head_NN1 by_II claims_NN2 of_IO Maori_JJ sovereignty_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Access_NN1 to_II justice_NN1 has_VHZ come_VVN to_TO mean_VVI something_PN1 very_RG different_JJ from_II improved_JJ legal_JJ aid_NN1 ,_, more_RGR Maori_JJ judges_NN2 and_CC use_NN1 of_IO Maori_JJ community_NNJ resources_NN2 to_TO rehabilitate_VVI offenders_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Rather_RR ,_, it_PPH1 has_VHZ come_VVN to_TO revolve_VVI around_II the_AT fundamental_JJ dilemma_NN1 of_IO reconciling_VVG Maori_NP1 and_CC Pakeha_NP1 interests_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_RR21 particular_RR22 ,_, this_DD1 is_VBZ shaping_VVG up_RP into_II a_AT1 battle_NN1 for_IF supremacy_NN1 between_II te_AT Tiriti_NP1 o_ZZ1 Waitangi_NP1 and_CC the_AT Bill_NN1 of_IO Rights_NN2 ;_; in_II other_JJ words_NN2 ,_, into_II a_AT1 battle_NN1 over_II the_AT constitutional_JJ foundation_NN1 stone_NN1 from_II which_DDQ all_DB else_RR will_VM proceed_VVI ._. ^ *<_NULL *2_NULL THE_AT LEGACY_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT nineteenth-century_JJ colonisation_NN1 of_IO Aotearoa_NP1 required_VVD the_AT rapid_JJ acquisition_NN1 of_IO land_NN1 and_CC the_AT replacement_NN1 of_IO traditional_JJ Maori_JJ society_NN by_II stable_JJ European_JJ political_JJ ,_, legal_JJ and_CC social_JJ structure_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Culture_NN1 ,_, language_NN1 ,_, spirituality_NN1 ,_, identity_NN1 ,_, economic_JJ self-sufficiency_NN1 ,_, and_CC above_II all_DB ,_, recognition_NN1 as_II the_AT tangata_NN1 whenua_NN1 o_ZZ1 Aotearoa_NP1 ,_, were_VBDR systematically_RR and_CC openly_RR suppressed_VVD as_RG inconsistent_JJ with_IW the_AT progress_NN1 of_IO the_AT country_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 political_JJ and_CC legal_JJ structure_NN1 was_VBDZ built_VVN on_II the_AT British_JJ model_NN1 ,_, controlled_VVN by_II Pakeha_NP1 men_NN2 ,_, and_CC reflecting_VVG their_APPGE values_NN2 ,_, interests_NN2 ,_, and_CC priorities_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Disparities_NN2 of_IO health_NN1 ,_, housing_VVG ,_, employment_NN1 ,_, income_NN1 ,_, and_CC education_NN1 amount_NN1 to_II a_AT1 fundamental_JJ denial_NN1 of_IO social_JJ justice_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 have_VH0 remained_VVN a_AT1 constant_JJ feature_NN1 of_IO Aotearoa_NP1 since_CS the_AT Pakeha_NP1 arrived_VVD ,_, and_CC have_VH0 varied_VVN little_RR during_II that_DD1 time_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ not_XX an_AT1 accident_NN1 of_IO history_NN1 ,_, but_CCB its_APPGE logical_JJ consequence_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ endemic_JJ to_II the_AT structures_NN2 and_CC priorities_NN2 of_IO the_AT Pakeha_NP State_NNL1 ,_, and_CC it_PPH1 is_VBZ shared_VVN with_IW victims_NN2 of_IO colonialisation_NN1 and_CC imperialism_NN1 throughout_II the_AT world_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Failure_NN1 to_TO acknowledge_VVI and_CC take_VVI responsibilty_JJ for_IF the_AT past_NN1 has_VHZ meant_VVN an_AT1 inability_NN1 to_TO see_VVI the_AT structural_JJ causes_NN2 of_IO injustice_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT levels_NN2 of_IO restructuring_VVG needed_VVN before_II access_NN1 to_II justice_NN1 can_VM become_VVI a_AT1 reality_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL That_DD1 failure_NN1 has_VHZ fostered_VVN international_JJ and_CC domestic_JJ ignorance_NN1 ,_, and_CC piecemeal_JJ reform_NN1 within_II the_AT dominant_JJ colonial_JJ legal_JJ framework_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Integral_NP1 to_II the_AT ideology_NN1 of_IO Aotearoa_NP1 as_II *"_" the_AT greatest_JJT multicultural_JJ nation_NN1 in_II the_AT world_NN1 **"_" is_VBZ the_AT claim_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 peaceful_JJ and_CC voluntary_JJ transmission_NN1 of_IO power_NN1 from_II the_AT Maori_JJ to_II the_AT British_JJ through_II te_AT Tiriti_NP1 o_ZZ1 Waitangi_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Over_II the_AT years_NNT2 te_AT Tiriti_NP1 has_VHZ been_VBN proclaimed_VVN as_II the_AT absolute_JJ proof_NN1 of_IO the_AT State_NN1 's_GE good_JJ faith_NN1 in_II its_APPGE dealings_NN2 with_IW the_AT Maori_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Tiriti_NP1 has_VHZ become_VVN the_AT legitimator_NN1 of_IO the_AT Pakeha_NP State_NNL1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT terms_NN2 of_IO the_AT official_JJ English-language_JJ version_NN1 of_IO the_AT Treaty_NN1 appear_VV0 straightforward_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Maori_JJ people_NN were_VBDR promised_VVN continued_VVN and_CC **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL undisturbed_JJ possession_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE lands_NN2 ,_, forests_NN2 and_CC fisheries_NN2 ,_, the_AT protection_NN1 of_IO the_AT British_JJ Crown_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT rights_NN2 and_CC privileges_NN2 of_IO British_JJ subjects_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II return_NN1 the_AT British_JJ Crown_NN1 gained_VVD sovereignty_NN1 over_II the_AT country_NN1 and_CC the_AT right_NN of_IO first_MD option_NN1 over_II any_DD voluntarily-sold_JJ land_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT reality_NN1 was_VBDZ far_RG more_RGR complex_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Not_XX all_DB chiefs_NN2 signed_VVD te_AT Tiriti_NP1 ;_; those_DD2 who_PNQS did_VDD not_XX came_VVD from_II some_DD of_IO the_AT most_RGT powerful_JJ tribes_NN2 in_II the_AT country_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Not_XX all_DB chiefs_NN2 who_PNQS did_VDD sign_VVI ,_, signed_VVD the_AT same_DA document_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Finally_RR ,_, the_AT document_NN1 signed_VVN at_II Waitangi_NP1 was_VBDZ in_II Maori_NP1 and_CC said_VVD some_DD very_RG different_JJ things_NN2 from_II the_AT English_JJ version_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Maori_JJ version_NN1 promised_VVD the_AT continued_JJ rangatiratanga_NN1 or_CC sovereignty_NN1 over_II the_AT land_NN1 to_II the_AT chiefs_NN2 ,_, the_AT British_JJ Crown_NN1 to_TO get_VVI only_JJ kawanatanga_NN1 or_CC governorship_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Certainly_RR this_DD1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 far_JJ cry_NN1 from_II the_AT absolute_JJ cession_NN1 of_IO sovereignty_NN1 that_CST is_VBZ in_II the_AT English_JJ version_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Maori_JJ people_NN hold_VV0 many_DA2 different_JJ views_NN2 on_II the_AT motivations_NN2 and_CC expectations_NN2 behind_II the_AT signing_NN1 of_IO te_AT Tiriti_NP1 ,_, and_CC on_II its_APPGE interpretation_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB one_MC1 thing_NN1 emerges_VVZ clearly_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Maori_JJ people_NN expected_VVD te_AT Tiriti_NP1 to_TO be_VBI honoured_VVN ,_, and_CC that_CST the_AT Maori_NP1 would_VM remain_VVI physically_RR and_CC politically_RR in_II control_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE country_NN1 and_CC their_APPGE destiny_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Pakeha_NP State_NNL1 in_II Aotearoa_NP1 has_VHZ never_RR honoured_VVN that_CST Tiriti_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL As_CSA Pakeha_NP1 domination_NN1 became_VVD normalised_VVD ,_, the_AT emerging_JJ ideology_NN1 of_IO Westminster-style_JJ democratic_JJ rule_NN1 was_VBDZ seen_VVN to_TO apply_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT crucial_JJ concept_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 ideology_NN1 in_II its_APPGE liberal_JJ form_NN1 is_VBZ that_DD1 of_IO majority_NN rule_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT ideology_NN1 that_CST supports_VVZ the_AT Pakeha_NP1 political_JJ and_CC judicial_JJ system_NN1 reifies_VVZ British_JJ institutions_NN2 as_CSA impartial_JJ ,_, natural_JJ ,_, and_CC divinely_RR inspired_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL Such_DA an_AT1 ideology_NN1 removes_VVZ these_DD2 instititions_NN2 from_II the_AT cultural_JJ and_CC political_JJ context_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE development_NN1 in_II England_NP1 and_CC their_APPGE imposition_NN1 in_II various_JJ colonies_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 exalts_VVZ these_DD2 institutions_NN2 into_II a_AT1 universal_JJ and_CC unchangeable_JJ code_NN1 for_IF all_DB peoples_NN2 and_CC for_IF all_DB time_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Thus_RR ,_, in_II Aotearoa_NP1 ,_, it_PPH1 ignores_VVZ the_AT fact_NN1 that_CST Maori_JJ people_NN have_VH0 their_APPGE own_DA system_NN1 of_IO justice_NN1 and_CC conflict_NN1 resolution_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Legal_JJ concepts_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 land_NN1 title_NN1 and_CC personal_JJ property_NN1 directly_RR conflict_VV0 with_IW the_AT communal_JJ base_NN1 of_IO Maori_JJ society_NN ._. ^ *<_NULL *2_NULL HONOURING_VVG TE_AT TIRITI_NP1 IN_II THE_AT 1980_MC *0_NULL s_ZZ1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Maori_JJ people_NN have_VH0 survived_VVN as_II a_AT1 result_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE own_DA determination_NN1 to_TO do_VDI so_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ also_RR because_II21 of_II22 this_DD1 determination_NN1 that_CST the_AT take_NN1 (_( issue_NN1 )_) of_IO te_AT Tiriti_NP1 remains_VVZ alive_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Today_RT the_AT focal_JJ point_NN1 of_IO Maori_JJ demands_NN2 is_VBZ ,_, as_CSA always_RR ,_, the_AT failure_NN1 of_IO the_AT British_JJ Crown_NN1 and_CC the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 Government_NNJ to_TO honour_VVI te_AT Tiriti_NP1 ,_, that_REX21 is_REX22 ,_, the_AT Maori-language_JJ Tiriti_NP1 signed_VVD at_II Waitangi_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Conservative_JJ and_CC radical_JJ Maori_NP1 have_VH0 joined_VVN together_RL to_TO formulate_VVI proposals_NN2 which_DDQ implement_VV0 te_AT Tiriti_NP1 and_CC recognise_VV0 the_AT Maori_JJ as_CSA tangata_NN1 whenua_NN1 ,_, but_CCB which_DDQ are_VBR also_RR realistic_JJ in_II the_AT Aotearoa_NP1 of_IO today_RT ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT clear_JJ bottom_JJ line_NN1 in_II any_DD such_DA moves_NN2 must_VM be_VBI to_TO recognise_VVI the_AT Maori_JJ people_NN as_II tangata_NN1 whenua_NN1 o_ZZ1 Aotearoa_NP1 ,_, and_CC to_TO honour_VVI the_AT promises_NN2 of_IO te_AT Tiriti_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT challenge_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO identify_VVI a_AT1 means_NN by_II which_DDQ this_DD1 goal_NN1 can_VM be_VBI realised_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL Honouring_VVG te_AT Tiriti_NP1 will_VM require_VVI a_AT1 process_NN1 of_IO creating_VVG and_CC entrenching_VVG the_AT machinery_NN1 for_IF power-sharing_NN1 ,_, but_CCB the_AT foundation_NN1 for_IF such_DA a_AT1 development_NN1 has_VHZ already_RR begun_VVN to_TO evolve_VVI ._. ^ *<_NULL *2_NULL THE_AT WAITANGI_NP1 TRIBUNAL_NN1 :_: ITS_APPGE EARLY_JJ DAYS_NNT2 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT first_MD major_JJ recognition_NN1 of_IO the_AT need_NN1 to_TO placate_VVI mounting_VVG Maori_JJ pressure_NN1 for_IF action_NN1 on_II te_AT Tiriti_NP1 came_VVD from_II the_AT Labour_JJ government_NN in_II 1975_MC with_IW the_AT passing_NN1 of_IO the_AT Treaty_NN1 of_IO Waitangi_NP1 Act_NN1 which_DDQ established_VVD the_AT Waitangi_NP1 Tribunal_NN1 *"_" to_TO make_VVI recommendations_NN2 on_II claims_NN2 relating_VVG to_II the_AT practical_JJ application_NN1 of_IO the_AT Treaty_NN1 **"_" ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Despite_II this_DD1 apparent_JJ display_NN1 of_IO monumental_JJ good_JJ faith_NN1 on_II41 the_II42 part_II43 of_II44 the_AT State_NN1 ,_, the_AT content_NN1 of_IO the_AT Act_NN1 ,_, or_CC its_APPGE lack_NN1 thereof_RR ,_, belies_VVZ any_DD such_DA claims_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Tribunal_NN1 was_VBDZ to_TO be_VBI merely_RR an_AT1 advisory_JJ body_NN1 to_II government_NN ,_, with_IW no_AT powers_NN2 of_IO enforcement_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Furthermore_RR ,_, it_PPH1 had_VHD no_AT retrospective_JJ jurisdiction_NN1 to_TO consider_VVI any_DD issue_NN1 arising_VVG before_II 1975_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT composition_NN1 of_IO the_AT Tribunal_NN1 was_VBDZ decided_VVN by_II the_AT government_NN ,_, with_IW no_AT provision_NN1 for_IF consultation_NN1 with_IW the_AT Maori_JJ people_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ designed_VVN to_TO provide_VVI the_AT minimal_JJ concessions_NN2 which_DDQ government_NN could_VM get_VVI away_RP with_IW at_II a_AT1 time_NNT1 of_IO increasingly_RR vociferous_JJ demands_NN2 from_II Maori_JJ people_NN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Its_APPGE early_JJ activities_NN2 bore_VV0 out_RP the_AT cynicism_NN1 which_DDQ surrounded_VVD its_APPGE creation_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT first_MD case_NN1 brought_VVD before_CS it_PPH1 involved_VVD a_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO Maori_NP1 who_PNQS were_VBDR being_VBG prosecuted_VVN under_II the_AT Fisheries_NN2 Act_VV0 1908_MC for_IF taking_VVG *"_" excessive_JJ **"_" amounts_NN2 of_IO seafood_NN1 for_IF a_ZZ1 hui_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL As_CSA Ngaati_NP1 Whatua_NP1 people_NN ,_, they_PPHS2 claimed_VVD traditional_JJ fishing_NN1 rights_NN2 over_II the_AT Waitemata_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL No_AT recommendation_NN1 was_VBDZ ever_RR made_VVN ,_, however_RR ,_, as_CSA they_PPHS2 were_VBDR discharged_VVN without_IW conviction_NN1 when_RRQ the_AT matter_NN1 went_VVD to_II court_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL According_II21 to_II22 the_AT Tribunal_NN1 ,_, the_AT appellants_NN2 had_VHD not_XX therefore_RR been_VBN *"_" prejudicially_RR affected_VVN **"_" ;_; nor_CC did_VDD the_AT Tribunal_NN1 have_VHI the_AT necessary_JJ jurisdiction_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT second_MD case_NN1 was_VBDZ brought_VVN by_II the_AT Waikato_NP1 people_NN of_IO Waiau_NP1 Pa_NP1 near_II Manukau_NP1 Harbour_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Government_NNJ was_VBDZ proposing_VVG to_TO build_VVI a_AT1 1400_MC {_NULL MW_NNU }_NULL thermal_JJ power_NN1 station_NN1 which_DDQ would_VM prejudicially_RR affect_VVI Waikato_NP1 enjoyment_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE traditional_JJ fishing_NN1 rights_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Those_DD2 plans_NN2 were_VBDR subsequently_RR dropped_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL Again_RT ,_, there_EX was_VBDZ no_AT recommendation_NN1 made_VVN ,_, on_II the_AT basis_NN1 that_CST no_AT one_MC1 had_VHD been_VBN prejudicially_RR affected_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Both_DB2 these_DD2 claims_NN2 had_VHD been_VBN heard_VVN in_II the_AT ballroom_NN1 of_IO the_AT Auckland_NP1 Intercontinental_NP1 Hotel_NNL1 amid_II chandeliers_NN2 ,_, velvet_NN1 chairs_NN2 and_CC drapes_NN2 ,_, and_CC with_IW the_AT Tribunal_NN1 seated_VVD on_II a_AT1 raised_JJ podium_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ carried_VVN out_RP with_IW strict_JJ court_NN1 decorum_NN1 and_CC cases_NN2 could_VM only_RR be_VBI presented_VVN by_II a_AT1 lawyer_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *2_NULL THE_AT WAITANGI_NP1 TRIBUNAL_NN1 :_: A_AT1 NEW_JJ SPIRIT_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Something_PN1 of_IO a_AT1 turning_JJ point_NN1 was_VBDZ reached_VVN in_II 1983_MC with_IW the_AT hearing_NN1 by_II the_AT Tribunal_NN1 into_II claims_NN2 by_II the_AT Te_AT Atiawa_NP1 people_NN of_IO Taranaki_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 argued_VVD that_CST the_AT government_NN 's_VHZ proposed_VVN synthetic_JJ fuels_NN2 plant_VV0 at_II Motunui_NP1 would_VM prejudicially_RR affect_VVI them_PPHO2 by_II discharging_VVG *"_" sewage_NN1 and_CC industrial_JJ waste_NN1 onto_II or_CC near_II certain_JJ traditional_JJ fishing_NN1 grounds_NN2 and_CC reefs_NN2 and_CC that_CST the_AT pollution_NN1 of_IO the_AT fishing_NN1 grounds_NN2 is_VBZ inconsistent_JJ with_IW the_AT principles_NN2 of_IO the_AT Treaty_NN1 of_IO Waitangi_NP1 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT concept_NN1 of_IO pollution_NN1 was_VBDZ not_XX just_RR a_AT1 matter_NN1 of_IO rendering_VVG the_AT seafood_NN1 unsafe_JJ and_CC impure_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Basic_JJ to_II the_AT claim_NN1 was_VBDZ the_AT Maori_JJ cultural_JJ and_CC spiritual_JJ value_NN1 which_DDQ forbids_VVZ the_AT association_NN1 of_IO body_NN1 wastes_NN2 ,_, however_RGQV *"_" purified_JJ **"_" ,_, with_IW food_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL A_AT1 change_NN1 in_II personnel_NN2 heralded_VVD a_AT1 radical_JJ transformation_NN1 in_II the_AT Tribunal_NN1 's_VBZ willingness_NN1 to_TO develop_VVI its_APPGE own_DA conceptual_JJ and_CC procedural_JJ base_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Waitangi_NP1 Tribunal_NN1 became_VVD a_AT1 forum_NN1 founded_VVD on_II taha_NN1 Maori_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT hearings_NN2 took_VVD place_NN1 on_II the_AT Manukorihi_NP1 marae_NN2 ,_, and_CC proceeded_VVD according_II21 to_II22 Maori_JJ protocol_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Both_RR Maori_JJ and_CC English_JJ were_VBDR the_AT languages_NN2 of_IO discourse_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX were_VBDR none_PN of_IO the_AT lawyers_NN2 ,_, courtroom_NN1 procedures_NN2 and_CC chandeliers_NN2 of_IO past_JJ hearings_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Having_VHG adopted_VVN this_DD1 approach_NN1 to_II the_AT claim_NN1 ,_, the_AT Tribunal_NN1 findings_NN2 were_VBDR virtually_RR inevitable_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Almost_RR any_DD such_DA project_NN1 was_VBDZ bound_VVNK to_TO impinge_VVI in_II some_DD way_NN1 on_II Maori_JJ rights_NN2 under_II te_AT Tiriti_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II this_DD1 instance_NN1 ,_, the_AT conflict_NN1 was_VBDZ indisputable_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Nevertheless_RR ,_, the_AT Tribunal_NN1 's_VBZ recommendation_NN1 ,_, that_CST the_AT proposed_JJ ocean_NN1 sewage_NN1 outfall_NN1 at_II Motunui_NP1 be_VBI discontinued_VVN ,_, rocked_VVD a_AT1 complacent_JJ government_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 was_VBDZ compounded_VVN by_II the_AT Tribunal_NN1 's_VBZ statement_NN1 of_IO government_NN 's_GE wider_JJR obligations_NN2 under_II te_AT Tiriti_NP1 :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL These_DD2 proposals_NN2 were_VBDR immediately_RR rejected_VVN by_II Cabinet_NNJ ,_, reassuring_VVG Te_AT Atiawa_NP1 that_CST no_AT pollution_NN1 would_VM result_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL Based_VVN on_II past_JJ experience_NN1 Te_AT Atiawa_NP1 rejected_VVD these_DD2 promises_NN2 and_CC sent_VVD delegations_NN2 to_II the_AT government_NN to_TO seek_VVI compliance_NN1 with_IW the_AT Tribunal_NN1 's_VHZ findings_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL After_CS intense_JJ publicity_NN1 and_CC pressure_NN1 ,_, the_AT government_NN back-tracked_JJ slightly_RR ,_, but_CCB introduced_JJ legislation_NN1 which_DDQ still_RR made_VVN provision_NN1 for_IF the_AT offending_JJ outfall_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Further_JJR pressure_NN1 led_VVN to_II its_APPGE revocation_NN1 ,_, but_CCB **[_NULL sic_RR **]_NULL remained_VVD no_AT guarantee_NN1 of_IO corporate_JJ compliance_NN1 with_IW the_AT statute_NN1 or_CC imposition_NN1 of_IO penalties_NN2 for_IF its_APPGE breach_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL This_DD1 experience_NN1 reinforced_VVD claims_NN2 that_CST the_AT securing_NN1 of_IO Maori_JJ rights_NN2 under_II te_AT Tiriti_NP1 can_VM not_XX be_VBI left_VVN to_II the_AT good_JJ faith_NN1 of_IO Pakeha_NP1 government_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL Despite_II this_DD1 ,_, however_RR ,_, there_EX remained_VVD cautious_JJ optimism_NN1 over_II the_AT potential_NN1 for_IF the_AT Tribunal_NN1 to_TO act_VVI as_II the_AT guardian_NN1 of_IO te_AT Tiriti_NP1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *2_NULL LABOUR_JJ PARTY_NNJ POLICY_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL In_II31 spite_II32 of_II33 growing_JJ evidence_NN1 of_IO unified_JJ Maori_JJ demands_NN2 for_IF redress_NN1 of_IO past_NN1 and_CC present_JJ grievances_NN2 ,_, it_PPH1 was_VBDZ clear_JJ that_CST the_AT former_DA National_JJ Party_NNJ government_NN was_VBDZ committed_VVN to_II continuing_VVG its_APPGE confrontation_NN1 with_IW Maori_JJ people_NN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Labour_JJ Party_NNJ had_VHD remained_VVN largely_RR silent_JJ on_II Maori_JJ issues_NN2 since_CS the_AT secession_NN1 of_IO disillusioned_JJ Member_NN1 of_IO Parliament_NNJ ,_, Matiu_NP1 Rata_NP1 ,_, to_TO form_VVI the_AT Mana_NP1 Motuhake_NP1 Party_NNJ in_II 1980_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II 1984_MC ,_, with_IW an_AT1 election_NN1 due_JJ ,_, Labour_NNJ was_VBDZ forced_VVN to_TO declare_VVI its_APPGE intentions_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II its_APPGE hurriedly_RR released_JJ policy_NN1 Labour_NNJ declared_VVD that_CST ,_, in_II recognition_NN1 of_IO legitimate_JJ Maori_JJ grievances_NN2 ,_, it_PPH1 would_VM re-examine_VVI the_AT manner_NN1 of_IO commemoration_NN1 of_IO te_AT Tiriti_NP1 *"_" to_TO make_VVI it_PPH1 more_RGR appropriate_JJ to_II the_AT spirit_NN1 of_IO the_AT Treaty_NN1 **"_" ;_; strengthen_VV0 the_AT resources_NN2 of_IO Waitangi_NP1 Tribunal_NN1 and_CC make_VV0 its_APPGE jurisdiction_NN1 retrospective_JJ to_II 1840_MC ;_; and_CC incorporate_VV0 the_AT provisions_NN2 of_IO te_AT Tiriti_NP1 into_II a_AT1 Bill_NN1 of_IO Rights_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Its_APPGE details_NN2 ,_, however_RR ,_, soon_RR indicated_VVN that_CST this_DD1 meant_VVN in_II each_DD1 case_NN1 incorporating_VVG limited_JJ remedies_NN2 for_IF Maori_JJ grievances_NN2 into_II the_AT traditional_JJ Pakeha_NP1 structures_NN2 on_II Pakeha_NP1 terms_NN2 ._. ^ *<_NULL *2_NULL THE_AT TREATY_NN1 OF_IO WAITANGI_NP1 AMENDMENT_NN1 ACT_NN1 1985_MC *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT Labour_JJ government_NN 's_VHZ proposed_VVN reforms_NN2 to_II the_AT Waitangi_NP1 Tribunal_NN1 were_VBDR introduced_VVN in_II 1985_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT personnel_NN2 ,_, procedures_NN2 and_CC resources_NN2 have_VH0 all_RR been_VBN substantially_RR redirected_VVN to_TO reflect_VVI taha_NN1 Maori_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Most_RGT importantly_RR ,_, its_APPGE jurisdiction_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN extended_VVN so_BCL21 as_BCL22 to_TO be_VBI retrospective_JJ to_II 1840_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 in_II itself_PPX1 contains_VVZ potential_NN1 for_IF challenges_NN2 to_TO be_VBI made_VVN to_II every_AT1 law_NN1 ,_, policy_NN1 ,_, and_CC act_NN1 done_VDN ,_, or_CC not_XX done_VDN ,_, by_II the_AT State_NN1 or_CC any_DD one_MC1 of_IO its_APPGE agents_NN2 since_CS the_AT British_JJ takeover_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Given_VVN that_CST everything_PN1 done_VDN since_II 1840_MC has_VHZ been_VBN part_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 systematic_JJ denial_NN1 of_IO self-determination_NN1 ,_, the_AT whole_JJ basis_NN1 on_II which_DDQ this_DD1 society_NN has_VHZ been_VBN built_VVN becomes_VVZ open_JJ to_TO attack_VVI ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 248+TEXT+G61_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Why_RRQ is_VBZ it_PPH1 that_DD1 law_NN1 firms_NNJ2 spend_VV0 large_JJ sums_NN2 of_IO money_NN1 on_II computer_NN1 systems_NN2 that_CST are_VBR used_VVN entirely_RR by_II the_AT staff_NN and_CC do_VD0 not_XX directly_RR aid_VVI the_AT working_JJ solicitors_NN2 ?_? ^ ^_NULL To_II anyone_PN1 who_PNQS has_VHZ had_VHN anything_PN1 to_TO do_VDI with_IW the_AT computers_NN2 currently_RR available_JJ to_II small_JJ businesses_NN2 ,_, the_AT answer_NN1 will_VM be_VBI obvious_JJ *-_- no_AT high-minded_JJ altruism_NN1 is_VBZ involved_VVN ,_, but_CCB sheer_RR common_JJ sense_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II this_DD1 paper_NN1 I_PPIS1 would_VM like_VVI to_TO look_VVI at_II why_RRQ this_DD1 is_VBZ so_RR and_CC to_TO suggest_VVI when_RRQ and_CC how_RRQ there_EX will_VM come_VVI to_TO be_VBI computers_NN2 on_II lawyers_NN2 '_GE desks_NN2 helping_VVG them_PPHO2 with_IW their_APPGE daily_JJ work_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL The_AT state_NN1 of_IO the_AT art_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL A_AT1 good_JJ place_NN1 to_TO begin_VVI looking_VVG at_II computers_NN2 for_IF small_JJ businesses_NN2 is_VBZ with_IW their_APPGE history_NN1 or_CC rather_RR lack_NN1 of_IO history_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT introduction_NN1 of_IO the_AT micro-computer_NN1 as_II an_AT1 economically_RR feasible_JJ tool_NN1 for_IF small_JJ businesses_NN2 has_VHZ occurred_VVN very_RG rapidly_RR over_II the_AT last_MD ten_MC years_NNT2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Although_CS the_AT hardware_NN1 (_( the_AT actual_JJ physical_JJ bits_NN2 and_CC pieces_NN2 of_IO the_AT machine_NN1 )_) has_VHZ been_VBN undergoing_VVG truly_RR revolutionary_JJ improvements_NN2 in_II cost-effectiveness_NN1 ,_, the_AT software_NN1 that_CST tells_VVZ the_AT computer_NN1 what_DDQ to_TO do_VDI has_VHZ not_XX undergone_VVN anything_PN1 like_II such_DA a_AT1 revolution_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Software_NN1 is_VBZ written_VVN by_II programmers_NN2 ,_, and_CC programmers_NN2 ,_, especially_RR ones_NN2 with_IW original_JJ ideas_NN2 ,_, are_VBR a_AT1 scarce_JJ resource_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Although_CS improvements_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN made_VVN in_II programmer_NN1 productivity_NN1 ,_, they_PPHS2 are_VBR nothing_PN1 like_II the_AT improvements_NN2 that_CST have_VH0 been_VBN made_VVN in_II computing_NN1 hardware_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 always_RR takes_VVZ much_RR longer_RRR (_( and_CC much_DA1 more_DAR money_NN1 )_) to_TO make_VVI major_JJ changes_NN2 to_II software_NN1 than_CSN it_PPH1 takes_VVZ to_TO change_VVI and_CC improve_VVI hardware_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL As_II a_AT1 result_NN1 ,_, the_AT business_NN1 computer_NN1 industry_NN1 tends_VVZ to_TO emphasise_VVI hardware_NN1 rather_II21 than_II22 software_NN1 ,_, producing_VVG ever_RR faster_JJR machines_NN2 running_VVG effectively_RR the_AT same_DA software_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II this_DD1 sense_NN1 almost_RR all_DB small_JJ business_NN1 computers_NN2 are_VBR the_AT same_DA ._. ^ ^_NULL Most_DAT of_IO them_PPHO2 can_VM trace_VVI the_AT ancestry_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE controlling_JJ software_NN1 directly_RR back_RP to_II the_AT mini-computers_NN2 of_IO the_AT 1960s_MC2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Many_DA2 of_IO the_AT fundamental_JJ ideas_NN2 behind_II the_AT software_NN1 have_VH0 remained_VVN unchanged_JJ for_IF 20_MC years_NNT2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO sell_VVI micro_NN1 **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL -computers_NN2 to_II the_AT business_NN1 user_NN1 and_CC to_TO survive_VVI in_II a_AT1 very_RG competitive_JJ market_NN1 ,_, manufacturers_NN2 have_VH0 found_VVN it_PPH1 necessary_JJ to_TO use_VVI quite_RG extraordinary_JJ amounts_NN2 of_IO *"_" hype_NN1 **"_" in_II their_APPGE advertising_NN1 to_TO assure_VVI customers_NN2 that_CST their_APPGE machine_NN1 is_VBZ in_II some_DD way_NN1 superior_NN1 to_II the_AT hundreds_NNO2 of_IO others_NN2 on_II the_AT market_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II fact_NN1 very_RG few_DA2 microcomputers_NN2 incorporate_VV0 any_DD truly_RR innovative_JJ improvements_NN2 over_II their_APPGE competitors_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT ancestral_JJ mini-computers_NN2 of_IO 20_MC years_NNT2 ago_RA were_VBDR expensive_JJ machines_NN2 for_IF use_NN1 primarily_RR by_II scientists_NN2 ,_, who_PNQS were_VBDR concerned_JJ to_TO do_VDI scientific_JJ work_NN1 that_CST placed_VVD a_AT1 heavy_JJ load_NN1 on_II the_AT calculating_JJ abilities_NN2 of_IO the_AT computer_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Because_CS each_DD1 mini-computer_NN1 cost_VVD hundreds_NNO2 of_IO thousands_NNO2 of_IO dollars_NNU2 and_CC was_VBDZ to_TO be_VBI used_VVN by_II several_DA2 people_NN at_RR21 once_RR22 ,_, the_AT software_NN1 used_VVN on_II it_PPH1 had_VHD to_TO give_VVI maximum_JJ performance_NN1 at_II the_AT expense_NN1 of_IO everything_PN1 else_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ important_JJ to_TO have_VHI easy_JJ access_NN1 to_II the_AT most_RGT fundamental_JJ levels_NN2 of_IO the_AT mini-computer_NN1 so_CS21 that_CS22 calculations_NN2 could_VM be_VBI done_VDN as_RG quickly_RR as_CSA possible_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT scientists_NN2 did_VDD not_XX care_VVI if_CSW the_AT machine_NN1 was_VBDZ difficult_JJ to_TO learn_VVI to_TO use_VVI as_CS31 long_CS32 as_CS33 it_PPH1 was_VBDZ fast_JJ and_CC reliable_JJ *-_- partly_RR because_CS it_PPH1 was_VBDZ the_AT job_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 professional_JJ programmer_NN1 to_TO make_VVI it_PPH1 work_VVI for_IF them_PPHO2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT generation_NN1 of_IO micro-computers_NN2 that_CST will_VM be_VBI sold_VVN to_II small_JJ businesses_NN2 in_II the_AT near_JJ future_NN1 have_VH0 substantially_RR more_DAR power_NN1 than_CSN a_AT1 1960s_MC2 mini-computer_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Unfortunately_RR most_DAT of_IO them_PPHO2 will_VM still_RR be_VBI using_VVG the_AT software_NN1 and_CC the_AT ideas_NN2 developed_VVN for_IF such_DA machines_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, here_RL is_VBZ an_AT1 only_JJ slightly_RR contrived_JJ example_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 command_NN1 ordering_VVG a_AT1 mini-computer_JJ to_TO print_VVI out_RP some_DD information_NN1 :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL cat_NN1 .._... /letters/jim_FO >_FO /dev/1pt_FO &_CC **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL To_II which_DDQ the_AT computer_NN1 would_VM respond_VVI with_IW the_AT informative_JJ remark_NN1 :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL %_NNU **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL This_DD1 particular_JJ variety_NN1 of_IO gibberish_JJ was_VBDZ developed_VVN in_II the_AT early_JJ 1970s_MC2 by_II two_MC programmers_NN2 who_PNQS were_VBDR mainly_RR concerned_JJ to_TO produce_VVI an_AT1 efficient_JJ method_NN1 of_IO instructing_VVG the_AT computer_NN1 that_CST minimised_VVD typing_VVG while_CS allowing_VVG them_PPHO2 to_TO do_VDI what_DDQ they_PPHS2 wanted_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 system_NN1 ,_, known_VVN as_II *1_NULL Unix_NN1 ,_, *0_NULL is_VBZ now_RT being_VBG widely_RR touted_VVN as_II the_AT next_MD great_JJ advance_NN1 in_II business_NN1 microcomputing_VVG *-_- a_AT1 nice_JJ example_NN1 of_IO how_RRQ the_AT software_NN1 industry_NN1 tends_VVZ to_TO bring_VVI you_PPY yesterday_RT tomorrow_RT ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT example_NN1 speaks_VVZ for_IF itself_PPX1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ not_XX the_AT sort_NN1 of_IO progress_NN1 that_DD1 of_IO itself_PPX1 will_VM put_VVI computers_NN2 on_II solicitors_NN2 '_GE desks_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL One_MC1 solution_NN1 that_CST has_VHZ been_VBN widely_RR applied_VVN to_TO convert_VVI software_NN1 like_II *1_NULL Unix_NN1 *0_NULL (_( or_CC more_RGR usually_RR something_PN1 even_RR less_RGR welcoming_JJ )_) into_II usable_JJ word_NN1 processors_NN2 and_CC accounting_JJ machines_NN2 has_VHZ been_VBN to_TO add_VVI a_AT1 system_NN1 of_IO menu_NN1 choices_NN2 *"_" over_II the_AT top_NN1 **"_" of_IO the_AT original_JJ system_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL These_DD2 menus_NN2 present_VV0 the_AT user_NN1 with_IW numbered_JJ alternate_JJ choices_NN2 ,_, selection_NN1 of_IO which_DDQ often_RR leads_VVZ to_II further_JJR menus_NN2 listing_VVG various_JJ things_NN2 that_CST the_AT user_NN1 might_VM want_VVI the_AT computer_NN1 to_TO do_VDI ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 approach_NN1 is_VBZ rigid_JJ and_CC can_VM lead_VVI to_II a_AT1 lot_NN of_IO chasing_VVG up_RP and_CC down_RP a_AT1 *"_" tree_NN1 **"_" of_IO menus_NN2 ,_, but_CCB it_PPH1 does_VDZ allow_VVI a_AT1 novice_NN1 to_TO use_VVI a_AT1 computer_NN1 without_IW much_DA1 frustration_NN1 and_CC has_VHZ been_VBN very_RG successful_JJ in_II well-defined_JJ fields_NN2 like_II word_NN1 processing_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL However_RR ,_, the_AT menus_NN2 are_VBR inevitably_RR influenced_VVN by_II the_AT underlying_JJ software_NN1 structure_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 can_VM lead_VVI to_II some_DD rather_RG peculiar_JJ menu_NN1 choices_NN2 which_DDQ force_VV0 the_AT user_NN1 to_TO do_VDI or_CC not_XX to_TO do_VDI certain_JJ things_NN2 in_II certain_JJ orders_NN2 which_DDQ appear_VV0 to_TO make_VVI no_AT logical_JJ sense_NN1 *-_- unless_CS you_PPY understand_VV0 what_DDQ is_VBZ happening_VVG at_II a_AT1 lower_JJR level_NN1 in_II the_AT computer_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, such_DA systems_NN2 usually_RR take_VV0 significant_JJ amounts_NN2 of_IO time_NNT1 to_TO move_VVI from_II one_MC1 piece_NN1 of_IO work_NN1 to_II another_DD1 ,_, and_CC do_VD0 not_XX allow_VVI you_PPY to_TO rapidly_RR break_VVI off_RP one_MC1 activity_NN1 to_TO do_VDI something_PN1 else_RR ,_, and_CC then_RT resume_VV0 again_RT where_CS you_PPY left_VVD off_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ because_CS one_MC1 of_IO the_AT fundamental_JJ features_NN2 of_IO the_AT controlling_JJ software_NN1 is_VBZ *"_" one_MC1 user_NN1 ,_, one_MC1 task_NN1 **"_" ,_, and_CC no_AT facilities_NN2 exist_VV0 to_TO save_VVI the_AT temporary_JJ state_NN1 of_IO work_NN1 in_II progress_NN1 and_CC pick_VV0 it_PPH1 up_RP again_RT later_RRR ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 state_NN1 of_IO affairs_NN2 derives_VVZ directly_RR from_II mini-computers_NN2 and_CC large_JJ mainframe_NN1 computers_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ were_VBDR never_RR envisaged_VVN as_RG directly_RR assisting_VVG someone_PN1 who_PNQS works_VVZ the_AT way_NN1 a_AT1 lawyer_NN1 does_VDZ ,_, by_II31 way_II32 of_II33 constant_JJ interruptions_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX are_VBR many_DA2 similar_JJ implicit_JJ limitations_NN2 built_VVN into_II present_JJ systems_NN2 that_CST are_VBR seldom_RR mentioned_VVN by_II manufacturers_NN2 ,_, salesmen_NN2 ,_, or_CC commentators_NN2 ,_, perhaps_RR because_CS they_PPHS2 are_VBR so_RG used_JJ to_II them_PPHO2 that_CST they_PPHS2 seem_VV0 self-evident_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II summary_NN1 ,_, despite_II startling_VVG improvements_NN2 in_II hardware_NN1 ,_, most_DAT software_NN1 and_CC the_AT ideas_NN2 behind_II it_PPH1 are_VBR necessarily_RR historical_JJ relics_NN2 that_CST reflect_VV0 the_AT internal_JJ operations_NN2 of_IO the_AT computer_NN1 rather_II21 than_II22 any_DD considered_JJ study_NN1 of_IO how_RRQ people_NN like_II lawyers_NN2 might_VM wish_VVI to_TO use_VVI them_PPHO2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II fact_NN1 ,_, the_AT computer_NN1 industry_NN1 can_VM be_VBI amazingly_RR conservative_JJ in_II introducing_VVG new_JJ ways_NN2 of_IO using_VVG computers_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 nice_JJ example_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT common_JJ tendency_NN1 of_IO computers_NN2 to_TO print_VVI everything_PN1 in_II capital_NN1 letters_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ a_AT1 habit_NN1 that_CST dates_VVZ back_RP to_II the_AT days_NNT2 when_RRQ computer_NN1 displays_NN2 and_CC printers_NN2 did_VDD not_XX have_VHI lower-case_JJ letters_NN2 because_II21 of_II22 the_AT extra_JJ cost_NN1 involved_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL Those_DD2 days_NNT2 are_VBR long_RR gone_VVN ,_, but_CCB the_AT idea_NN1 persists_VVZ ,_, despite_II the_AT fact_NN1 that_CST capitals_NN2 rudely_RR shout_VV0 at_II the_AT reader_NN1 and_CC are_VBR significantly_RR more_RGR difficult_JJ to_TO read_VVI ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL The_AT impenetrable_JJ keyboard_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL To_TO examine_VVI how_RRQ a_AT1 computer_NN1 could_VM be_VBI useful_JJ on_II a_AT1 lawyer_NN1 's_VBZ desk_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 should_VM like_VVI to_TO consider_VVI the_AT primary_JJ reason_NN1 why_RRQ the_AT vast_JJ majority_NN of_IO practitioners_NN2 can_VM not_XX even_RR start_VVI to_TO use_VVI a_AT1 computer_NN1 themselves_PPX2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Very_RG few_DA2 lawyers_NN2 are_VBR effective_JJ typists_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL By_II this_DD1 I_PPIS1 do_VD0 not_XX mean_VVI the_AT standard_NN1 of_IO typing_VVG routinely_RR practised_VVD by_II secretaries_NN2 but_CCB the_AT most_RGT basic_JJ ability_NN1 to_TO find_VVI keys_NN2 on_II the_AT keyboard_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL With_IW little_DA1 motive_NN1 to_TO do_VDI so_CS ,_, most_DAT lawyers_NN2 have_VH0 never_RR found_VVN the_AT time_NNT1 or_CC the_AT mental_JJ energy_NN1 needed_VVD to_TO learn_VVI to_II type_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC on_II most_DAT small_JJ business_NN1 computers_NN2 this_DD1 is_VBZ an_AT1 impenetrable_JJ barrier_NN1 *-_- nothing_PN1 can_VM be_VBI done_VDN except_CS through_II the_AT keyboard_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Fortunately_NP1 ,_, this_DD1 concentration_NN1 on_II the_AT keyboard_NN1 as_II the_AT sole_JJ method_NN1 of_IO communication_NN1 with_IW the_AT computer_NN1 is_VBZ another_DD1 historical_JJ relic_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II fact_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 keyboard_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 specialised_JJ device_NN1 for_IF entering_VVG written_JJ text_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL If_CS you_PPY are_VBR unable_JJ to_TO use_VVI one_PN1 ,_, you_PPY will_VM find_VVI entering_VVG text_NN1 into_II the_AT computer_NN1 very_RG slow_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 does_VDZ not_XX mean_VVI that_CST you_PPY should_VM have_VHI any_DD difficulty_NN1 telling_VVG the_AT computer_NN1 what_DDQ to_TO do_VDI or_CC in_II reading_VVG the_AT text_NN1 that_CST it_PPH1 prints_VVZ out_RP ,_, only_RR that_CST you_PPY can_VM not_XX write_VVI a_AT1 letter_NN1 on_II it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL All_DB that_DD1 is_VBZ needed_VVN is_VBZ another_DD1 kind_NN1 of_IO input_NN1 device_NN1 that_CST you_PPY can_VM use_VVI without_IW so_RG much_DA1 training_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Several_DA2 such_DA devices_NN2 are_VBR appearing_VVG on_II the_AT market_NN1 now_RT ,_, and_CC human_JJ ingenuity_NN1 will_VM doubtless_RR devise_VVI others_NN2 in_II the_AT near_JJ future_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT only_JJ reason_NN1 they_PPHS2 were_VBDR not_XX available_JJ earlier_RRR was_VBDZ that_CST the_AT notion_NN1 that_CST anyone_PN1 might_VM want_VVI to_TO use_VVI a_AT1 computer_NN1 without_IW actually_RR being_VBG a_AT1 professional_JJ computer_NN1 operator_NN1 of_IO some_DD kind_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 relatively_RR new_JJ one_PN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT simplest_JJT and_CC cheapest_JJT of_IO these_DD2 devices_NN2 are_VBR the_AT pointing_JJ devices_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 come_VV0 in_II different_JJ forms_NN2 :_: currently_RR the_AT touch-screen_NN1 and_CC the_AT *"_" mouse_NN1 **"_" are_VBR most_RGT readily_RR available_JJ on_II the_AT *1_NULL Hewlett_NP1 Packard_NP1 {_NULL HP_NN1 }_NULL 150_MC *0_NULL and_CC the_AT *1_NULL Apple_NN1 Macintosh_NP1 *0_NULL respectively_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT touch-screen_NN1 is_VBZ what_DDQ it_PPH1 sounds_VVZ like_II *-_- you_PPY reach_VV0 out_RP and_CC touch_VV0 the_AT screen_NN1 to_TO indicate_VVI what_DDQ you_PPY want_VV0 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT *"_" mouse_NN1 **"_" is_VBZ only_RR a_AT1 little_RR more_RGR complex_JJ ;_; it_PPH1 is_VBZ a_AT1 little_JJ box_NN1 on_II wheels_NN2 that_CST is_VBZ somewhat_RR nearer_RRR the_AT size_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 rat_NN1 than_CSN a_AT1 mouse_NN1 *-_- but_CCB then_RT rats_NN2 have_VH0 a_AT1 negative_JJ marketing_NN1 image_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL You_PPY move_VV0 the_AT mouse_NN1 about_RP on_II any_DD convenient_JJ flat_JJ surface_NN1 ,_, and_CC a_AT1 pointer_NN1 on_II the_AT computer_NN1 screen_NN1 follows_VVZ the_AT movement_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL You_PPY press_VV0 a_AT1 button_NN1 on_II31 top_II32 of_II33 the_AT mouse_NN1 to_TO draw_VVI the_AT computer_NN1 's_VBZ attention_NN1 to_II the_AT thing_NN1 you_PPY are_VBR pointing_VVG to_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT idea_NN1 behind_II both_DB2 of_IO these_DD2 devices_NN2 is_VBZ that_CST this_DD1 is_VBZ all_DB that_DD1 is_VBZ required_VVN to_TO issue_VVI commands_NN2 to_II the_AT computer_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, in_II a_AT1 menu-controlled_JJ system_NN1 you_PPY can_VM point_VVI to_II the_AT item_NN1 you_PPY want_VV0 on_II the_AT menu_NN1 rather_II21 than_II22 having_VHG to_TO locate_VVI and_CC press_VVI a_AT1 key_NN1 on_II a_AT1 keyboard_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Both_DB2 of_IO them_PPHO2 have_VH0 the_AT advantage_NN1 of_IO being_VBG quite_RG fast_JJ to_TO use_VVI *-_- in_II many_DA2 cases_NN2 faster_RRR than_CSN a_AT1 conventional_JJ keyboard_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC anyone_PN1 can_VM use_VVI them_PPHO2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL A_AT1 lawyer_NN1 with_IW one_MC1 of_IO these_DD2 devices_NN2 on_II his_APPGE desk_NN1 could_VM use_VVI it_PPH1 just_RR as_RG effectively_RR as_CSA a_AT1 keyboard_NN1 to_TO obtain_VVI information_NN1 from_II his_APPGE own_DA computer_NN1 ,_, or_CC any_DD other_JJ computer_NN1 it_PPH1 was_VBDZ connected_VVN to_II ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ also_RR worth_II remembering_VVG that_CST while_CS a_AT1 non-typist_NN1 might_VM not_XX be_VBI able_JK to_TO put_VVI written_JJ information_NN1 into_II the_AT computer_NN1 ,_, few_DA2 people_NN are_VBR unable_JJ to_TO find_VVI their_APPGE way_NN1 around_II a_AT1 calculator_NN1 keyboard_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 lawyer_NN1 should_VM certainly_RR be_VBI able_JK to_TO manufacture_VVI bills_NN2 and_CC operate_VVI computerised_JJ accounts_NN2 without_IW learning_VVG to_II type_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL One_PN1 can_VM envisage_VVI information_NN1 about_II clients_NN2 ,_, the_AT firm_NNJ 's_GE accounts_NN2 ,_, case_NN1 law_NN1 ,_, statutes_NN2 ,_, even_RR the_AT contents_NN2 of_IO the_AT Land_NN1 Transfer_NN1 Office_NN1 ,_, being_VBG immediately_RR available_JJ on_II the_AT computer_NN1 screen_NN1 without_IW any_DD need_NN1 to_TO use_VVI a_AT1 keyboard_NN1 at_RR21 all_RR22 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_DD221 few_DD222 jobs_NN2 will_VM require_VVI the_AT keyboard_NN1 ,_, but_CCB these_DD2 can_VM be_VBI minimised_VVN by_II careful_JJ design_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, let_VVD us_PPIO2 imagine_VVI that_CST (_( in_II an_AT1 ideal_JJ world_NN1 )_) you_PPY wish_VV0 to_TO search_VVI the_AT Chattels_NN2 Register_VV0 to_TO check_VVI that_CST there_EX is_VBZ no_AT charge_NN1 already_RR registered_VVN on_II a_AT1 caravan_NN1 belonging_VVG to_II your_APPGE client_NN1 ,_, \_NULL Mr_NNB Sierpinski_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL You_PPY begin_VV0 by_II searching_VVG your_APPGE list_NN1 of_IO clients_NN2 held_VVN on_II the_AT computer_NN1 and_CC copying_VVG \_NULL Mr_NNB Sierpinski_NP1 's_GE name_NN1 to_II a_AT1 temporary_JJ holding_NN1 area_NN1 *-_- by_II pointing_VVG at_II the_AT copy_NN1 command_NN1 ,_, then_RT at_II the_AT name_NN1 ,_, then_RT at_II the_AT holding_NN1 area_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Then_RT you_PPY point_VV0 to_II a_AT1 command_NN1 that_CST calls_VVZ up_RP on_II the_AT screen_NN1 a_ZZ1 form_VV0 that_DD1 specifies_VVZ a_AT1 chattel_NN1 search_NN1 ,_, and_CC move_NN1 \_NULL Mr_NNB Sierpinski_NP1 's_GE name_NN1 from_II the_AT holding_NN1 area_NN1 into_II the_AT appropriate_JJ place_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Then_RT you_PPY point_VV0 to_II a_AT1 command_NN1 that_CST checks_VVZ that_CST you_PPY have_VH0 not_XX missed_VVN out_RP any_DD necessary_JJ information_NN1 and_CC then_RT despatches_VVZ the_AT request_NN1 by_II telephone_NN1 to_II a_AT1 computer_NN1 in_II Wellington_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 reply_NN1 comes_VVZ back_RP a_AT1 moment_NN1 later_RRR and_CC is_VBZ displayed_VVN on_II the_AT screen_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL You_PPY point_VV0 at_II the_AT reply_NN1 and_CC at_II a_AT1 symbol_NN1 representing_VVG a_AT1 printer_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT result_NN1 of_IO the_AT search_NN1 is_VBZ printed_VVN out_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL At_II no_AT point_NN1 has_VHZ the_AT keyboard_NN1 been_VBN needed_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 should_VM be_VBI noted_VVN that_CST the_AT above_JJ example_NN1 illustrates_VVZ what_DDQ could_VM be_VBI done_VDN with_IW the_AT pointing_JJ hardware_NN1 ,_, given_VVN appropriate_JJ software_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 does_VDZ not_XX mean_VVI to_TO say_VVI that_CST it_PPH1 will_VM be_VBI done_VDN at_RR21 all_RR22 ._. ^ ^_NULL Pointing_VVG devices_NN2 have_VH0 become_VVN very_RG fashionable_JJ in_II the_AT microcomputer_NN1 industry_NN1 ,_, but_CCB we_PPIS2 are_VBR still_RR in_II the_AT earliest_JJT stages_NN2 of_IO developing_VVG proper_JJ methods_NN2 of_IO using_VVG them_PPHO2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ all_DB too_RG easy_JJ for_IF manufacturers_NN2 to_TO add_VVI a_AT1 *"_" mouse_NN1 **"_" interface_NN1 on_II31 top_II32 of_II33 an_AT1 existing_JJ product_NN1 without_IW having_VHG any_DD understanding_NN1 at_II all_DB of_IO the_AT radically_RR different_JJ design_NN1 needed_VVD to_TO take_VVI advantage_NN1 of_IO it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL As_RR21 usual_RR22 ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ much_RR quicker_JJR and_CC cheaper_JJR to_TO add_VVI hardware_NN1 than_CSN to_TO spend_VVI money_NN1 making_VVG major_JJ changes_NN2 to_II software_NN1 as_RR21 well_RR22 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 249+TEXT+G62_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL *1_NULL {_NULL E.J._NP1 }_NULL Tapp_NP1 of_IO Auckland_NP1 examines_VVZ the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 secondary_JJ school_NN1 curriculum_NN1 ,_, now_RT under_II review_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT general_JJ concern_NN1 for_IF education_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 concern_NN1 which_DDQ if_CS not_XX overtly_RR disturbing_JJ is_VBZ always_RR latent_JJ ,_, has_VHZ now_RT been_VBN made_VVN a_AT1 public_JJ issue_NN1 by_II the_AT Minister_NN1 of_IO Education_NN1 ,_, \_NULL Mr_NNB Russell_NP1 Marshall_NP1 's_GE effort_NN1 to_TO solicit_VVI opinion_NN1 and_CC invite_VVI open_JJ discussion_NN1 as_II21 to_II22 what_DDQ should_VM be_VBI taught_VVN in_II schools_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL No_PN121 one_PN122 would_VM deny_VVI the_AT importance_NN1 of_IO maintaining_VVG a_AT1 continuing_JJ dialogue_NN1 between_II those_DD2 that_CST do_VD0 and_CC those_DD2 that_DD1 teach_NN1 or_CC between_II those_DD2 that_DD1 think_NN1 they_PPHS2 know_VV0 and_CC those_DD2 who_PNQS ought_VMK to_TO know_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL Indeed_RR ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ a_AT1 perennial_JJ topic_NN1 of_IO conversation_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL We_PPIS2 are_VBR all_DB agreed_VVD that_CST for_IF one_MC1 reason_NN1 or_CC another_DD1 education_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 good_JJ thing_NN1 ,_, and_CC that_CST moreover_RR however_RR conceived_VVD it_PPH1 is_VBZ a_AT1 very_RG necessary_JJ cultural_JJ process_NN1 in_II the_AT modern_JJ world_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT general_JJ conception_NN1 of_IO education_NN1 needs_NN2 ,_, however_RR ,_, to_TO be_VBI given_VVN more_RGR serious_JJ thought_NN1 than_CSN it_PPH1 is_VBZ usually_RR accorded_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ commonly_RR regarded_VVN as_II so_RG much_DA1 instruction_NN1 necessary_JJ to_TO fit_VVI young_JJ people_NN for_IF the_AT work_NN1 force_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Syllabuses_NN2 are_VBR often_RR designed_VVN to_TO meet_VVI what_DDQ are_VBR considered_VVN to_TO be_VBI the_AT requirements_NN2 of_IO specific_JJ vocations_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Meeting_NN1 then_RT the_AT needs_NN2 *-_- or_CC the_AT presumed_JJ needs_NN2 *-_- of_IO the_AT marketplace_NN1 makes_VVZ education_NN1 little_DA1 more_DAR than_CSN a_AT1 service_NN1 industry_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL What_DDQ is_VBZ Education_NN1 ?_? ^ *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Such_DA an_AT1 instrumentalist_JJ approach_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ makes_VVZ of_IO secondary_JJ schooling_NN1 especially_RR a_AT1 conditioning_JJ agent_NN1 ,_, does_VDZ however_RR less_RRR than_CSN justice_NN1 to_II its_APPGE proper_JJ function_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL While_CS far_RR from_II being_VBG indifferent_JJ to_II practicality_NN1 ,_, education_NN1 is_VBZ primarily_RR a_AT1 critical_JJ enquiry_NN1 *-_- an_AT1 investigation_NN1 *-_- into_II reality_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Facts_NN2 must_VM be_VBI examined_VVN as_CS31 far_CS32 as_CS33 it_PPH1 is_VBZ possible_JJ and_CC appropriate_JJ ,_, and_CC assessed_VVD for_IF their_APPGE accuracy_NN1 and_CC logical_JJ validity_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Hence_RR education_NN1 must_VM avoid_VVI indoctrination_NN1 ,_, and_CC let_VVI tested_JJ knowledge_NN1 and_CC reason_NN1 be_VBI the_AT guide_NN1 for_IF the_AT acceptance_NN1 or_CC rejection_NN1 of_IO dogma_NN1 and_CC unexamined_JJ beliefs_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Pupils_NN2 should_VM be_VBI treated_VVN as_RG responsible_JJ citizens_NN2 ,_, not_XX as_CSA servile_JJ objects_NN2 for_IF the_AT stuffing_NN1 of_IO ill-digested_JJ information_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Time_NNT1 must_VM be_VBI given_VVN for_IF them_PPHO2 to_TO assimilate_VVI what_DDQ they_PPHS2 are_VBR taught_VVN ,_, so_CS21 that_CS22 they_PPHS2 may_VM properly_RR understand_VVI its_APPGE full_JJ significance_NN1 and_CC implications_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Schooling_VVG moreover_RR should_VM not_XX be_VBI designed_VVN for_IF specialist_JJ training_NN1 ,_, nor_CC for_IF citizenship_NN1 or_CC service_NN1 to_II the_AT community_NNJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Education_NN1 should_VM be_VBI wide_JJ ranging_NN1 and_CC be_VBI an_AT1 eye-opener_NN1 on_II the_AT world_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL As_CSA such_DA it_PPH1 is_VBZ a_AT1 maturing_JJ agent_NN1 bringing_VVG reality_NN1 more_RGR nearly_RR within_II the_AT ambit_NN1 of_IO understanding_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL The_AT Curriculum_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL What_DDQ then_RT should_VM be_VBI the_AT nature_NN1 of_IO the_AT school_NN1 curriculum_NN1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL The_AT division_NN1 of_IO knowledge_NN1 into_II subjects_NN2 ,_, pitched_VVD at_II a_AT1 suitable_JJ level_NN1 there_EX must_VM always_RR be_VBI ,_, with_IW the_AT proviso_NN1 that_CST they_PPHS2 not_XX be_VBI treated_VVN as_CSA separate_JJ watertight_JJ compartments_NN2 with_IW no_AT relation_NN1 to_II others_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT selection_NN1 of_IO those_DD2 subjects_NN2 must_VM depend_VVI not_XX solely_RR on_II their_APPGE relevance_NN1 to_II local_JJ or_CC immediately_RR apparent_JJ requirements_NN2 ,_, but_CCB on_II their_APPGE value_NN1 in_II opening_VVG up_RP enquiries_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 fundamental_JJ nature_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Almost_RR without_IW question_NN1 English_NN1 will_VM be_VBI regarded_VVN as_CS essential_JJ if_CS only_RR because_CS it_PPH1 is_VBZ the_AT basic_JJ medium_NN1 for_IF oral_NN1 and_CC written_JJ expression_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Hence_RR some_DD attention_NN1 should_VM be_VBI paid_VVN to_II its_APPGE proper_JJ usage_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Taught_VVN historically_RR ,_, as_CSA all_DB subjects_NN2 should_VM be_VBI ,_, it_PPH1 will_VM be_VBI an_AT1 introduction_NN1 to_II the_AT best_JJT in_II English_JJ literature_NN1 ,_, and_CC touch_VV0 the_AT raw_JJ nerves_NN2 of_IO sensitivity_NN1 to_II the_AT aesthetic_JJ and_CC moral_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL As_II21 for_II22 the_AT social_JJ sciences_NN2 ,_, the_AT most_RGT basic_JJ element_NN1 is_VBZ history_NN1 in_II which_DDQ all_DB other_JJ subjects_NN2 have_VH0 their_APPGE roots_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB to_TO save_VVI it_PPH1 from_II becoming_VVG a_AT1 dreary_JJ and_CC tedious_JJ narration_NN1 of_IO events_NN2 ,_, with_IW no_AT intellectual_JJ toughness_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 needs_VVZ to_TO be_VBI taught_VVN as_II a_AT1 series_NN of_IO problems_NN2 confronting_VVG peoples_NN2 and_CC nations_NN2 at_II various_JJ stages_NN2 of_IO their_APPGE development_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT hotch-potch_NN1 of_IO social_JJ studies_NN2 may_VM open_VVI up_RP for_IF discussion_NN1 some_DD of_IO the_AT more_RGR contemporary_JJ issues_NN2 of_IO mankind_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Although_CS no_RR21 doubt_RR22 they_PPHS2 will_VM tend_VVI to_TO be_VBI optional_JJ subjects_NN2 ,_, foreign_JJ languages_NN2 and_CC the_AT classics_NN2 can_VM make_VVI for_IF a_AT1 better_JJR understanding_NN1 of_IO the_AT present_JJ human_JJ situation_NN1 and_CC add_VV0 immeasurably_RR to_II its_APPGE cultural_JJ enrichment_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Nor_CC need_VV0 the_AT physical_JJ sciences_NN2 be_VBI taught_VVN completely_RR separately_RR from_II the_AT rest_NN1 of_IO the_AT curriculum_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Unfortunately_RR ,_, the_AT narrow_JJ utilitarian_JJ technological_JJ conception_NN1 of_IO science_NN1 gives_VVZ not_XX only_RR a_AT1 false_JJ view_NN1 of_IO scientific_JJ enquiry_NN1 and_CC overemphasizes_VVZ its_APPGE importance_NN1 ,_, but_CCB tends_VVZ to_TO divest_VVI it_PPH1 of_IO its_APPGE cultural_JJ significance_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT educational_JJ value_NN1 of_IO physics_NN1 ,_, chemistry_NN1 and_CC biology_NN1 lies_VVZ in_II their_APPGE revealing_JJ basic_JJ facts_NN2 concerning_II the_AT nature_NN1 of_IO the_AT material_NN1 universe_NN1 and_CC its_APPGE inhabitants_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC almost_RR as_CSA necessary_JJ for_IF their_APPGE expression_NN1 as_CSA English_JJ is_VBZ for_IF the_AT whole_NN1 of_IO the_AT curriculum_NN1 ,_, so_CS mathematics_NN1 is_VBZ essential_JJ as_II the_AT language_NN1 of_IO the_AT sciences_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL More_RRR ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ invaluable_JJ as_II an_AT1 exercise_NN1 in_II logic_NN1 and_CC abstract_JJ thinking_VVG *-_- a_AT1 mark_NN1 of_IO intellectual_JJ maturity_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Hence_RR mathematics_NN1 must_VM command_VVI a_AT1 central_JJ place_NN1 in_II any_DD school_NN1 curriculum_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Although_CS the_AT arts_NN2 have_VH0 always_RR had_VHN a_AT1 special_JJ ,_, if_CS often_RR secondary_JJ place_NN1 in_II schools_NN2 ,_, they_PPHS2 do_VD0 have_VHI a_AT1 singularly_RR strong_JJ claim_NN1 for_IF inclusion_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 evoke_VV0 the_AT human_JJ spirit_NN1 to_TO transcend_VVI the_AT purely_RR material_JJ and_CC time_NNT1 serving_VVG ,_, and_CC give_VV0 solace_NN1 and_CC satisfaction_NN1 in_II the_AT accomplishment_NN1 of_IO aesthetic_JJ activity_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Lest_CS it_PPH1 be_VBI thought_VVN that_CST such_DA comments_NN2 apply_VV0 only_RR to_II pakeha_NP1 education_NN1 ,_, let_VVD it_PPH1 be_VBI fairly_RR and_CC firmly_RR said_VVD that_CST they_PPHS2 are_VBR no_AT less_RGR appropriate_JJ to_II Maoris_NP2 and_CC Polynesians_NN2 and_CC to_II all_DB peoples_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL {_NULL *1_NULL Mutatis_NP1 mutandis_VVZ }_NULL ,_, *0_NULL what_DDQ applies_VVZ to_II one_MC1 race_NN1 applies_VVZ equally_RR to_II another_DD1 ,_, for_IF the_AT essential_JJ philosophy_NN1 of_IO education_NN1 knows_VVZ no_AT racial_JJ boundaries_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL All_DB must_VM be_VBI regarded_VVN as_II being_VBG equally_RR capable_JJ of_IO achieving_VVG comparable_JJ educational_JJ standards_NN2 ,_, and_CC nothing_PN1 but_CCB the_AT best_RRT should_VM be_VBI good_JJ enough_RR ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Opening_VVG Up_RP Horizons_NP1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL If_CS moreover_RR schooling_NN1 does_VDZ not_XX evoke_VVI or_CC provide_VVI a_AT1 desire_NN1 to_TO know_VVI more_DAR than_CSN the_AT limits_NN2 of_IO the_AT subjects_NN2 themselves_PPX2 ,_, then_RT it_PPH1 will_VM have_VHI failed_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL For_IF as_II the_AT philosopher_NN1 ,_, {_NULL A._NP1 N._NP1 }_NULL Whitehead_NP1 put_VVD it_PPH1 *'_" education_NN1 should_VM be_VBI a_AT1 voyage_NN1 towards_II larger_JJR generalities_NN2 **'_" and_CC we_PPIS2 should_VM add_VVI ,_, towards_II greater_JJR particularities_NN2 in_II some_DD directions_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Thus_RR to_II the_AT perceptive_JJ and_CC imaginative_JJ it_PPH1 may_VM open_VVI up_RP fields_NN2 of_IO exciting_JJ enquiry_NN1 leading_VVG to_II tertiary_NN1 or_CC further_JJR education_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 will_VM be_VBI hoped_VVN that_CST the_AT patterns_NN2 of_IO subjects_NN2 chosen_VVN will_VM have_VHI a_AT1 logic_NN1 and_CC consistency_NN1 that_CST will_VM inform_VVI and_CC impel_VVI knowledge_NN1 beyond_II the_AT classroom_NN1 limits_NN2 of_IO subjects_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Then_RT it_PPH1 may_VM counter_VVI the_AT sterile_JJ learning_NN1 so_RG common_JJ in_II schools_NN2 and_CC help_NN1 find_VVI a_AT1 way_NN1 of_IO life_NN1 fit_VV0 for_IF him_PPHO1 or_CC her_PPHO1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Yet_RR ,_, when_CS all_DB is_VBZ said_VVN and_CC done_VDN ,_, the_AT path_NN1 of_IO education_NN1 will_VM never_RR be_VBI easy_JJ ,_, for_IF it_PPH1 will_VM always_RR have_VHI to_TO meet_VVI and_CC fight_VVI the_AT forces_NN2 of_IO anti-intellectualism_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 calls_VVZ for_IF effort_NN1 ,_, often_RR considerable_JJ and_CC sustained_JJ effort_NN1 of_IO mind_NN1 ,_, to_TO meet_VVI its_APPGE demands_NN2 and_CC to_TO achieve_VVI the_AT standards_NN2 of_IO excellence_NN1 when_RRQ only_JJ excellence_NN1 will_VM do_VDI ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 must_VM then_RT not_XX be_VBI satisfied_VVN with_IW the_AT mediocre_JJ ,_, or_CC be_VBI bemused_JJ by_II the_AT stock_NN1 notions_NN2 of_IO the_AT *'_" common_JJ good_JJ **'_" when_CS such_DA notions_NN2 are_VBR paraded_VVN as_II the_AT norm_NN1 by_II which_DDQ education_NN1 need_VM be_VBI judged_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL Nothing_PN1 but_CCB education_NN1 in_II its_APPGE full_JJ and_CC proper_JJ sense_NN1 can_VM enable_VVI our_APPGE young_JJ people_NN to_TO fulfill_VVI their_APPGE potential_NN1 and_CC give_VVI full_JJ meaning_NN1 to_II their_APPGE lives_NN2 ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Harry_NP1 Evison_NP1 *>_NULL ^ *<_NULL The_AT Sinking_NN1 of_IO the_AT *"_" Mikhail_NP1 Lermontov_NP1 **"_" *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *1_NULL The_AT sinking_NN1 of_IO the_AT Soviet_JJ cruise_NN1 liner_NN1 *"_" Mikhail_NP1 Lermontov_NP1 **"_" at_II Pore_NP1 Gore_NP1 in_II stormy_JJ conditions_NN2 on_II February_NPM1 16th_MD ,_, after_II striking_VVG rocks_NN2 at_II Cape_NNL1 Jackson_NP near_RL the_AT Marlborough_NP1 Sounds_VVZ ,_, was_VBDZ the_AT worst_JJT marine_JJ accident_NN1 on_II the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 coast_NN1 for_IF many_DA2 years_NNT2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ also_RR the_AT occasion_NN1 for_IF the_AT worst_JJT display_NN1 of_IO anti-Soviet_JJ prejudice_NN1 by_II sections_NN2 of_IO the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 news_NN1 media_NN for_IF some_DD time_NNT1 *-_- a_AT1 revealing_JJ example_NN1 of_IO how_RGQ anti-Soviet_JJ propaganda_NN1 is_VBZ fabricated_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Mikhail_NP1 Lermontov_NP1 *0_NULL was_VBDZ carrying_VVG a_AT1 Soviet_JJ crew_NN1 and_CC mainly_RR Australian_JJ passengers_NN2 ,_, 739_MC persons_NN2 in_II total_NN1 ,_, of_IO whom_PNQO all_DB except_CS one_PN1 were_VBDR saved_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT loss_NN1 of_IO so_RG fine_JJ a_AT1 ship_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT death_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 Russian_JJ crew_NN1 member_NN1 ,_, aroused_VVD widespread_JJ sympathy_NN1 among_II New_JJ Zealanders_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ usual_JJ in_II times_NNT2 of_IO natural_JJ disaster_NN1 ,_, especially_RR disaster_NN1 at_II sea_NN1 ,_, for_IF ordinary_JJ strife_NN1 and_CC conflict_NN1 to_TO be_VBI put_VVN aside_RL by_II feelings_NN2 of_IO common_JJ humanity_NN1 and_CC sympathy_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL But_CCB not_XX so_RG among_II some_DD of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 's_GE news-gatherers_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL On_II the_AT first_MD day_NNT1 after_II the_AT sinking_NN1 ,_, most_DAT reports_NN2 seemed_VVD objective_JJ enough_RR ,_, with_IW praise_NN1 for_IF the_AT Russians_NN2 and_CC for_IF the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 rescuers_NN2 about_II evenly_RR divided_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT *1_NULL Evening_NP1 Post_NP1 *0_NULL of_IO Wellington_NP1 indeed_RR ran_VVD a_AT1 page_NN1 two_MC headline_NN1 ,_, *"_" ^_NULL Passengers_NN2 Praise_VV0 Rescue_NN1 Efforts_NN2 of_IO *'_" Heroic_JJ **'_" Russians_NN2 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB soon_RR the_AT main_JJ trends_NN2 of_IO subsequent_JJ reports_NN2 were_VBDR taking_VVG shape_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Besides_RR reports_VVZ that_CST the_AT Russians_NN2 had_VHD done_VDN everything_PN1 possible_JJ to_TO help_VVI the_AT passengers_NN2 ,_, New_NP Zealand_NP1 Press_NNJ Association_NNJ (_( {_NULL NZPA_NP1 }_NULL )_) reports_VVZ included_JJ statements_NN2 that_CST the_AT *"_" Russians_NN2 looked_VVN after_II themselves_PPX2 **"_" ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT fact_NN1 that_CST the_AT Marlborough_NP1 Harbour_NP1 Board_NNJ 's_GE chief_JJ pilot_NN1 was_VBDZ known_VVN to_TO have_VHI been_VBN aboard_RL at_II the_AT time_NNT1 of_IO the_AT accident_NN1 raised_VVD the_AT question_NN1 of_IO who_PNQS piloted_VVD the_AT ship_NN1 on_II21 to_II22 the_AT rocks_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT *1_NULL Marlborough_NP1 Express_NP1 *0_NULL was_VBDZ first_MD in_RP with_IW the_AT answer_NN1 on_II the_AT very_RG first_MD day_NNT1 ,_, a_AT1 report_NN1 from_II the_AT Marlborough_NP1 Harbour_NP1 Board_NNJ exonerating_VVG their_APPGE chief_JJ pilot_NN1 :_: *"_" ^_NULL The_AT Captain_NN1 of_IO the_AT liner_NN1 had_VHD complete_JJ control_NN1 **"_" ,_, because_CS the_AT accident_NN1 happened_VVN outside_II the_AT harbour_NN1 and_CC therefore_RR their_APPGE pilot_NN1 was_VBDZ off_II duty_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL By_II the_AT second_MD day_NNT1 (_( 18th_MD February_NPM1 )_) ,_, other_JJ newspapers_NN2 had_VHD picked_VVN up_RP this_DD1 story_NN1 through_II {_NULL NZPA_NP1 }_NULL ._. ^ ^_NULL *"_" Captain_NN1 at_II the_AT Helm_NN1 **"_" ,_, declared_VVD the_AT *1_NULL Christchurch_NP1 Star_NN1 *-_- *0_NULL although_CS no_AT evidence_NN1 was_VBDZ offered_VVN except_II the_AT Marlborough_NP1 Harbour_NP1 Board_NNJ 's_GE statement_NN1 that_CST their_APPGE pilot_NN1 was_VBDZ technically_RR a_AT1 passenger_NN1 when_RRQ the_AT ship_NN1 struck_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL Wellington_NP1 's_GE *1_NULL Dominion_NN1 *0_NULL headlined_VVD on_II page_NN1 1_MC1 ,_, *"_" ^_NULL How_RRQ the_AT Ship_NN1 Sank_VVD :_: Crash_NP1 after_II Pilot_NN1 hands_NN2 over_II Helm_NP1 **"_" ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL *"_" Incompetence_NP1 **"_" *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL On_II the_AT 18th_MD also_RR ,_, besides_II the_AT story_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 incompetent_JJ ship_NN1 's_VBZ captain_NN1 ,_, some_DD papers_NN2 began_VVD to_TO step_VVI up_RP the_AT story_NN1 of_IO Russian_JJ incompetence_NN1 in_II the_AT rescue_NN1 operations_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL *"_" Nightmare_NN1 of_IO Secrecy_NN1 and_CC Confusion_NN1 **"_" ,_, proclaimed_VVD the_AT country_NN1 's_VBZ largest_JJT daily_JJ ,_, Auckland_NP1 's_GE *1_NULL New_NP Zealand_NP1 Herald_NN1 *0_NULL in_II a_AT1 full-page_JJ banner_NN1 headline_NN1 across_II page_NN1 one_MC1 ;_; and_CC on_II page_NN1 two_MC ,_, *"_" ^_NULL Doubt_NN1 Clouds_NN2 Final_JJ Hours_NNT2 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT text_NN1 of_IO the_AT reports_NN2 were_VBDR further_JJR statements_NN2 of_IO appreciation_NN1 from_II passengers_NN2 ,_, of_IO how_RRQ the_AT Russians_NN2 *"_" Had_VHD done_VDN everything_PN1 possible_JJ **"_" ,_, were_VBDR *"_" very_RG helpful_JJ **"_" ,_, \_NULL etc_RA ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB the_AT headlines_NN2 said_VVD the_AT opposite_JJ *-_- and_CC as_II the_AT sub-editors_NN2 who_PNQS set_VV0 up_RP these_DD2 headlines_NN2 would_VM know_VVI full_JJ well_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ the_AT headlines_NN2 that_CST are_VBR remembered_VVN *-_- or_CC in_II many_DA2 cases_NN2 all_DB that_DD1 is_VBZ actually_RR read_VVN ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL *"_" Scoop_NP1 **"_" *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL But_CCB on_II this_DD1 second_MD day_NNT1 the_AT greatest_JJT sensation_NN1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 *"_" scoop_NN1 **"_" from_II the_AT *1_NULL Evening_NP1 Post_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL This_DD1 purported_VVD to_TO be_VBI an_AT1 interview_NN1 with_IW the_AT junior_JJ officer_NN1 commanding_VVG the_AT {_NULL N.Z._NP }_NULL Navy_NNJ patrol_NN1 boat_NN1 at_II the_AT scene_NN1 of_IO the_AT rescue_NN1 ,_, Lieutenant_NNB Batcheler_NP1 ,_, and_CC was_VBDZ distributed_VVN throughout_II the_AT country_NN1 by_II {_NULL NZPA_NP1 }_NULL the_AT same_DA day_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *"_" Ship_NN1 's_VHZ Boats_NN2 Rotten_JJ **"_" ,_, was_VBDZ the_AT *1_NULL Post_NN1 *0_NULL headline_NN1 on_II page_NN1 one_MC1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *"_" Soviet_JJ Gear_NN1 Faulty_JJ **"_" ,_, headlined_VVD the_AT *1_NULL Marlborough_NP1 Express_NP1 ,_, *0_NULL while_CS the_AT *1_NULL Christchurch_NP1 Star_NN1 *0_NULL gave_VVD it_PPH1 a_AT1 full_JJ front-page_JJ eight-column_JJ headline_NN1 ,_, *"_" ^_NULL Liner_NP1 's_GE Lifeboats_NN2 Rotten_JJ Says_VVZ Navy_JJ Rescuer_NN1 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL Morning_NNT1 newspapers_NN2 the_AT following_JJ day_NNT1 headlined_VVD this_DD1 story_NN1 ,_, some_DD like_II the_AT Christchurch_NP1 *1_NULL Press_NNJ *0_NULL toning_VVG it_PPH1 down_RP to_II *"_" ^_NULL Many_DA2 of_IO Liner_NP1 's_GE Lifeboats_NN2 Rotten_JJ **"_" ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Lieutenant_NNB Batcheler_NP1 was_VBDZ reported_VVN as_CSA saying_VVG ,_, *"_" ^_NULL Many_DA2 of_IO the_AT lifeboats_NN2 were_VBDR so_RG rotten_JJ that_CST people_NN were_VBDR putting_VVG their_APPGE feet_NN2 through_II the_AT bottoms_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Many_DA2 of_IO the_AT inflatable_JJ liferafts_NN2 would_VM not_XX open_VVI ,_, or_CC were_VBDR leaking_VVG badly_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL Half_DB the_AT life-jackets_NN2 would_VM not_XX work_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT motors_NN2 on_II some_DD of_IO the_AT lifeboats_NN2 did_VDD not_XX work_VVI ._. **"_" ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 would_VM be_VBI calling_VVG for_IF an_AT1 enquiry_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 also_RR confirmed_VVD earlier_JJR reports_NN2 of_IO Russian_JJ callousness_NN1 :_: *"_" ^_NULL On_II the_AT night_NNT1 ,_, the_AT Soviet_JJ crew_NN1 got_VVN in_II their_APPGE motor_NN1 launches_NN2 and_CC left_VVN the_AT passengers_NN2 stranded_VVD ..._... ^ ^_NULL The_AT crew_NN1 went_VVD back_RP for_IF them_PPHO2 only_RR when_RRQ told_VVN to_RP by_II rescue_NN1 workers_NN2 ._. **"_" ^ ^_NULL How_RRQ the_AT commander_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 small_JJ patrol_NN1 boat_NN1 could_VM have_VHI obtained_VVN all_DB this_DD1 information_NN1 and_CC conducted_VVN all_DB these_DD2 tests_NN2 on_II the_AT Soviet_JJ equipment_NN1 ,_, on_II a_AT1 dark_JJ night_NNT1 amid_II wind_NN1 and_CC rain_NN1 while_CS seven_MC hundred_NNO people_NN were_VBDR being_VBG rescued_VVN ,_, no_AT newspaper_NN1 bothered_VVD to_TO explain_VVI ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Local_JJ Opinion_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL By_II the_AT third_MD day_NNT1 after_II the_AT sinking_NN1 (_( 19th_MD February_NPM1 )_) ,_, {_NULL NZPA_NP1 }_NULL reports_NN2 of_IO Russian_JJ selfishness_NN1 and_CC callousness_NN1 had_VHD so_RR aroused_VVN some_DD of_IO the_AT local_JJ people_NN present_NN1 at_II the_AT rescue_NN1 that_CST they_PPHS2 made_VVD a_AT1 statement_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE own_DA ._. ^ ^_NULL *"_" The_AT Russians_NN2 did_VDD a_AT1 magnificent_JJ job_NN1 ,_, everything_PN1 humanly_RR possible_JJ ,_, **"_" they_PPHS2 said_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL *"_" No_AT passenger_NN1 was_VBDZ left_VVN unattended_JJ and_CC the_AT Russians_NN2 also_RR assisted_VVN local_JJ boaties_NN2 in_II handling_VVG ,_, loading_VVG and_CC unloading_VVG their_APPGE vessels_NN2 ._. **"_" ^ ^_NULL These_DD2 words_NN2 were_VBDR from_II local_JJ farmers_NN2 and_CC fishermen_NN2 ,_, not_XX noted_VVN for_IF being_VBG pro-Soviet_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Their_APPGE comments_NN2 gained_VVD no_AT banner_NN1 headlines_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL On_II the_AT same_DA day_NNT1 ,_, some_DD papers_NN2 ran_VVD a_AT1 report_NN1 from_II the_AT Russian_JJ *"_" {_NULL TASS_NN1 }_NULL **"_" news_NN1 agency_NN1 praising_VVG the_AT Russian_JJ crew_NN1 and_CC New_NP Zealand_NP1 fishing_NN1 boats_NN2 for_IF their_APPGE part_NN1 in_II the_AT rescue_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 report_NN1 the_AT *1_NULL Press_NNJ *0_NULL printed_VVD half-way_RR down_II page_NN1 29_MC *-_- The_AT Horoscope_NP1 Page_NP1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *"_" *4_NULL Spying_NP1 **"_" *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Meanwhile_RR ,_, the_AT *1_NULL Christchurch_NP1 Star_NN1 *0_NULL had_VHD winkled_VVN out_RP a_AT1 new_JJ story_NN1 ,_, given_JJ front-page_NN1 headlines_VVZ :_: *"_" ^_NULL Spy_NN1 Gear_NN1 on_II Ship_NN1 Likely_JJ **"_" ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 250+TEXT+G63_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *6_NULL HARVARD_NP1 ECONOMIST_NN1 *0_NULL John_NP1 Kenneth_NP1 Galbraith_NP1 has_VHZ estimated_VVN the_AT domestic_JJ services_NN2 of_IO housewives_NN2 in_II the_AT United_NP States_NP1 to_TO be_VBI worth_II roughly_RR a_AT1 quarter_NN1 of_IO the_AT gross_JJ national_JJ product_NN1 (_( {_NULL GNP_NN1 }_NULL )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL In_RR21 addition_RR22 ,_, he_PPHS1 says_VVZ ,_, *"_" ^_NULL The_AT servant_NN1 role_NN1 of_IO women_NN2 is_VBZ critical_JJ for_IF the_AT expansion_NN1 of_IO consumption_NN1 in_II the_AT modern_JJ economy_NN1 ._. **"_" ^ ^_NULL If_CS people_NN had_VHD to_TO be_VBI employed_VVN to_TO select_VVI ,_, transport_NN1 ,_, prepare_VV0 ,_, repair_NN1 ,_, maintain_VV0 ,_, clean_JJ ,_, service_NN1 ,_, store_NN1 ,_, protect_VV0 and_CC otherwise_RR perform_VV0 all_DB the_AT tasks_NN2 that_CST housewives_NN2 and_CC mothers_NN2 do_VD0 ,_, there_EX would_VM be_VBI less_DAR consumption_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Galbraith_NP1 concludes_VVZ that_CST the_AT conventional_JJ family_NN lifestyle_NN1 would_VM become_VVI untenable_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Galbraith_NP1 suggests_VVZ four_MC main_JJ reasons_NN2 for_IF concealing_VVG women_NN2 's_GE work_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL First_MD ,_, there_EX is_VBZ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL Third_MD ,_, the_AT avoidance_NN1 of_IO accounting_VVG for_IF the_AT value_NN1 of_IO household_NN1 work_NN1 greatly_RR helps_VVZ it_PPH1 to_TO avoid_VVI notice_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC the_AT fourth_MD concealment_NN1 concerns_VVZ the_AT concept_NN1 of_IO the_AT household_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Galbraith_NP1 writes_VVZ :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL What_DDQ are_VBR they_PPHS2 taught_VVN ?_? ^ |_NULL ^_NULL A_AT1 principal_JJ concentration_NN1 of_IO theory_NN1 is_VBZ ,_, as_CSA I_PPIS1 've_VH0 mentioned_VVN ,_, the_AT labour_NN1 theory_NN1 of_IO value_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT writings_NN2 of_IO Adam_NP1 Smith_NP1 ,_, David_NP1 Ricardo_NP1 and_CC Karl_NP1 Marx_NP1 form_VV0 the_AT basis_NN1 ,_, stating_VVG that_CST the_AT *"_" value_NN1 **"_" of_IO goods_NN2 is_VBZ derived_VVN from_II labour_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT labourer_NN1 is_VBZ therefore_RR exploited_VVN if_CSW he_PPHS1 or_CC she_PPHS1 does_VDZ not_XX receive_VVI the_AT full_JJ value_NN1 of_IO production_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ no_AT concern_NN1 here_RL for_IF those_DD2 who_PNQS worked_VVD outside_II the_AT market_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Slavery_NN1 was_VBDZ not_XX admitted_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT theories_NN2 served_VVD sectional_JJ interests_NN2 ,_, and_CC were_VBDR essentially_RR rationalisations_NN2 of_IO particular_JJ historical_JJ experiences_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL An_AT1 industrialised_JJ ,_, monetarised_JJ society_NN based_VVN on_II private_JJ property_NN1 *-_- Britain_NP1 in_II the_AT 1920s_MC2 and_CC 1930s_MC2 *-_- formed_VVD the_AT background_NN1 for_IF John_NP1 Maynard_NP1 Keynes_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Keynes_NP1 's_GE logic_NN1 led_VVD him_PPHO1 to_II the_AT conclusion_NN1 that_CST free_JJ markets_NN2 left_VVN to_II their_APPGE own_DA devices_NN2 produced_VVD short-term_JJ depression_NN1 and_CC long-term_JJ stagnation_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Joan_NP1 Robinson_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS worked_VVD with_IW Keynes_NP1 at_II Cambridge_NP1 on_II the_AT manuscripts_NN2 of_IO his_APPGE major_JJ work_NN1 *1_NULL The_AT General_JJ Theory_NN1 ,_, *0_NULL says_VVZ Keynes_NP1 is_VBZ characterised_VVN by_II uncertainty_NN1 ,_, incompatible_JJ decisions_NN2 and_CC unrealisable_JJ expectations_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Robinson_NP1 insists_VVZ *1_NULL The_AT General_JJ Theory_NN1 *0_NULL is_VBZ set_VVN in_II a_AT1 strictly_RR short_JJ period_NN1 situation_NN1 where_RRQ *"_" a_AT1 state_NN1 of_IO expectations_NN2 ,_, controlling_VVG a_AT1 given_JJ level_NN1 of_IO effective_JJ demand_NN1 ,_, is_VBZ given_VVN only_RR momentarily_RR and_CC is_VBZ always_RR in_II this_DD1 course_NN1 of_IO bringing_VVG itself_PPX1 to_II an_AT1 end_NN1 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB Keynes_NP1 is_VBZ seldom_RR taught_VVN in_II this_DD1 context_NN1 ,_, and_CC decades_NNT2 of_IO decision-makers_NN2 ,_, believing_VVG otherwise_RR ,_, become_VVN *"_" the_AT slaves_NN2 of_IO (_( this_DD1 )_) defunct_JJ economist_NN1 **"_" ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Our_APPGE student_NN1 will_VM be_VBI taught_VVN that_CST one_MC1 Nobel_NP1 Prize_NN1 winner_NN1 for_IF economics_NN ,_, Simon_NP1 Kuznets_NP1 ,_, argues_VVZ for_IF institutional_JJ changes_NN2 in_II the_AT economy_NN1 to_TO promote_VVI economic_JJ growth_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Then_RT she_PPHS1 will_VM be_VBI taught_VVN that_CST another_DD1 Nobel_NP1 Prize_NN1 winner_NN1 ,_, Milton_NP1 Friedman_NP1 ,_, attributing_VVG inflation_NN1 to_II government_NN expenditure_NN1 ,_, argues_VVZ that_CST the_AT government_NN should_VM get_VVI out_II21 of_II22 the_AT market_NN1 ,_, both_RR as_II a_AT1 regulator_NN1 and_CC participant_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Wherever_RRQV she_PPHS1 looks_VVZ ,_, she_PPHS1 will_VM find_VVI women_NN2 's_GE experience_NN1 excluded_VVD ,_, or_CC numbed_VVD by_II language_NN1 so_CS21 that_CS22 the_AT complicated_JJ ,_, heart-wrenching_NN1 ,_, ambivalent_JJ ,_, rich_JJ ,_, joyous_JJ ,_, rewarding_VVG (_( and_CC enslaving_VVG )_) experience_NN1 of_IO motherhood_NN1 and_CC mothering_NN1 becomes_VVZ ,_, in_II the_AT Marxist_JJ school_NN1 ,_, *"_" reproducing_VVG the_AT future_JJ commodity_NN1 labour_NN1 power_NN1 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT writings_NN2 of_IO Olive_NP1 Schreiner_NP1 and_CC Charlotte_NP1 Perkins-Gilman_NP1 will_VM not_XX be_VBI part_NN1 of_IO the_AT curriculum_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Then_RT our_APPGE student_NN1 will_VM be_VBI introduced_VVN to_II *"_" The_AT Chicago_NP1 School_NNL1 **"_" or_CC *"_" New_JJ Home_NN1 Economics_NN **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT patron_NN1 of_IO *"_" The_AT Chicago_NP1 School_NNL1 **"_" is_VBZ Gary_NP1 Becker_NP1 ,_, author_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 major_JJ work_NN1 called_VVN *1_NULL A_AT1 Treatise_NN1 on_II the_AT Family_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL This_DD1 *"_" New_JJ Home_NN1 Economics_NN **"_" should_VM not_XX be_VBI confused_VVN with_IW what_DDQ women_NN2 have_VH0 always_RR understood_VVN as_II home_NN1 economics_NN *-_- the_AT original_JJ Greek_JJ study_NN1 or_CC management_NN of_IO a_AT1 household_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL From_II a_AT1 discipline_NN1 which_DDQ excludes_VVZ the_AT household_NN1 from_II its_APPGE system_NN1 of_IO valuation_NN1 because_CS it_PPH1 is_VBZ not_XX part_NN1 of_IO the_AT market_NN1 ,_, Becker_NP1 lifts_VVZ the_AT current_JJ market_NN1 concepts_NN2 and_CC superimposes_VVZ them_PPHO2 on_II the_AT household_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II his_APPGE preface_NN1 to_II the_AT work_NN1 Becker_NP1 says_VVZ ,_, *"_" this_DD1 volume_NN1 uses_VVZ the_AT assumptions_NN2 of_IO maximising_VVG behaviour_NN1 ,_, stable_JJ preferences_NN2 and_CC equilibrium_NN1 in_II implicit_JJ or_CC explicit_JJ markets_NN2 to_TO provide_VVI a_AT1 systematic_JJ analysis_NN1 of_IO the_AT family_NN **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL Women_NN2 do_VD0 not_XX analyse_VVI the_AT family_NN in_II this_DD1 extraordinary_JJ language_NN1 ,_, not_XX because_CS we_PPIS2 are_VBR not_XX that_DD1 clever_JJ ,_, but_CCB because_CS we_PPIS2 are_VBR not_XX that_RG stupid_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB you_PPY can_VM see_VVI what_DDQ Galbraith_NP1 meant_VVD about_II the_AT *"_" use_NN1 **"_" of_IO women_NN2 students_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL If_CS they_PPHS2 are_VBR pounded_VVN daily_RR for_IF four_MC or_CC more_DAR years_NNT2 by_II this_DD1 sort_NN1 of_IO thinking_VVG and_CC with_IW their_APPGE graduation_NN1 and_CC job_NN1 security_NN1 dependent_NN1 on_II perpetuating_VVG this_DD1 ideology_NN1 ,_, they_PPHS2 are_VBR likely_JJ to_TO lose_VVI sight_NN1 of_IO themselves_PPX2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT discipline_NN1 offers_VVZ no_AT relief_NN1 ,_, holds_VVZ up_RP no_AT mirrors_NN2 to_II women_NN2 's_GE experience_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *6_NULL {_NULL A_AT1 K_NP1 }_NULL GRANT_NP1 *>_NULL ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL *<_NULL *4_NULL Where_RRQ 's_VBZ the_AT exit_NN1 ?_? ^ *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *6_NULL THE_AT MOST_RGT *0_NULL difficult_JJ problem_NN1 facing_VVG this_DD1 country_NN1 at_II the_AT moment_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT question_NN1 of_IO how_RRQ to_TO get_VVI the_AT two_MC French_JJ agents_NN2 sprung_VVN in_II a_AT1 way_NN1 which_DDQ secures_VVZ our_APPGE butter_NN1 access_NN1 to_II the_AT {_NULL EEC_NP1 }_NULL and_CC which_DDQ does_VDZ not_XX at_II the_AT same_DA time_NNT1 involve_VV0 a_AT1 humiliating_JJ surrender_NN1 of_IO the_AT principles_NN2 upon_II which_DDQ our_APPGE criminal_NN1 and_CC judicial_JJ systems_NN2 are_VBR based_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL Certainly_RR a_AT1 sticky_JJ conundrum_NN1 ,_, and_CC one_PN1 which_DDQ would_VM not_XX have_VHI arisen_VVN if_CS we_PPIS2 had_VHD not_XX been_VBN trying_VVG to_TO sell_VVI butter_NN1 to_II the_AT {_NULL EEC_NP1 }_NULL in_II the_AT first_MD place_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL However_RR there_EX is_VBZ no_AT use_NN1 crying_VVG over_II churned_JJ milk_NN1 :_: we_PPIS2 have_VH0 got_VVN to_TO sell_VVI our_APPGE butter_NN1 to_II the_AT {_NULL EEC_NP1 }_NULL whether_CSW we_PPIS2 want_VV0 to_TO or_CC not_XX and_CC whether_CSW they_PPHS2 want_VV0 it_PPH1 or_CC not_XX ._. ^ ^_NULL So_RR the_AT question_NN1 becomes_VVZ :_: how_RRQ can_VM we_PPIS2 release_VVI the_AT agents_NN2 in_II a_AT1 way_NN1 which_DDQ satisfies_VVZ the_AT honour_NN1 of_IO France_NP1 ,_, the_AT dignity_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE penal_JJ system_NN1 and_CC the_AT overdraft_NN1 of_IO the_AT Dairy_NN1 Board_NNJ ?_? ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 believe_VV0 there_RL is_VBZ more_RR21 than_RR22 one_MC1 solution_NN1 :_: ^_NULL New_JJ Zealanders_NP1 are_VBR renowned_JJ for_IF their_APPGE pragmatic_JJ ingenuity_NN1 ,_, and_CC that_DD1 quality_NN1 can_VM rescue_VVI us_PPIO2 again_RT as_CSA it_PPH1 has_VHZ so_RG many_DA2 times_NNT2 in_II the_AT past_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Invoking_VVG the_AT Spirit_NN1 of_IO \_NULL No_AT 8_MC Fencing_NN1 Wire_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 proffer_VV0 the_AT following_JJ options_NN2 :_: __NULL |_NULL (_( 1_MC1 )_) ^_NULL *1_NULL The_AT *"_" Colditz_NP1 **"_" solution_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL Smuggle_NP1 ,_, bit_NN1 by_II bit_NN1 ,_, into_II the_AT agents_NN2 '_GE cells_NN2 the_AT wherewithals_NN2 to_TO enable_VVI them_PPHO2 to_TO construct_VVI gliders_NN2 which_DDQ they_PPHS2 can_VM launch_VVI from_II their_APPGE prison_NN1 roofs_NN2 to_TO float_VVI to_II freedom_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT problem_NN1 here_RL is_VBZ that_CST there_EX would_VM need_VVI to_TO be_VBI fairly_RR substantial_JJ updraughts_NN2 to_TO get_VVI the_AT gliders_NN2 aloft_RL ,_, given_VVN that_CST ,_, unlike_II Colditz_NP1 ,_, most_DAT New_NP Zealand_NP1 prisons_NN2 are_VBR not_XX perched_VVN on_II31 top_II32 of_II33 mighty_JJ crags_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Maybe_RR the_AT *"_" Wooden_JJ Horse_NN1 **"_" solution_NN1 might_VM be_VBI more_RGR practical_JJ ,_, particularly_RR if_CS a_AT1 secret_JJ team_NN from_II the_AT Ministry_NNJ of_IO Works_NN could_VM tunnel_VVI towards_II the_AT prisoners_NN2 as_CSA they_PPHS2 laboriously_RR excavate_VV0 beneath_II their_APPGE exercise_NN1 yards_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Anyway_RR ,_, the_AT details_NN2 do_VD0 n't_XX matter_VVI ;_; the_AT point_NN1 is_VBZ that_CST the_AT agents_NN2 should_VM be_VBI encouraged_VVN to_TO free_VVI themselves_PPX2 with_IW covert_JJ assistance_NN1 ,_, but_CCB in_II a_AT1 manner_NN1 that_CST we_PPIS2 can_VM pretend_VVI to_TO be_VBI outraged_VVN about_RP after_CS it_PPH1 has_VHZ occurred_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 should_VM be_VBI sure_JJ to_TO reject_VVI any_DD assistance_NN1 from_II the_AT {_NULL DGSE_NN1 }_NULL in_II the_AT facilitation_NN1 of_IO the_AT escape_NN1 ;_; they_PPHS2 made_VVD such_DA a_AT1 mess_NN1 of_IO the_AT first_MD operation_NN1 that_CST their_APPGE involvement_NN1 in_II the_AT escape_NN1 would_VM be_VBI likely_JJ only_RR to_II result_NN1 in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 having_VHG 10_MC French_JJ agents_NN2 in_II prison_NN1 instead_CC21 of_CC22 two_MC ._. ^ |_NULL (_( 2_MC )_) ^_NULL *1_NULL The_AT *"_" Devil_NN1 's_VBZ Island_NN1 **"_" solution_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL Everyone_PN1 seems_VVZ to_TO be_VBI agreed_VVN that_CST if_CS the_AT French_JJ authorities_NN2 could_VM be_VBI trusted_VVN to_TO imprison_VVI the_AT agents_NN2 and_CC ensure_VVI that_CST they_PPHS2 served_VVD out_RP a_AT1 respectable_JJ portion_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE term_NN1 in_II France_NP1 there_EX would_VM be_VBI no_AT harm_NN1 in_II returning_VVG them_PPHO2 to_II France_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB everyone_PN1 also_RR assumes_VVZ that_CST ,_, if_CS the_AT agents_NN2 are_VBR returned_VVN to_II France_NP1 ,_, far_RR from_II being_VBG imprisoned_VVN they_PPHS2 will_VM be_VBI given_VVN a_ZZ1 heroes_NN2 '_GE parade_NN1 down_II the_AT Champs_NP Elysees_NP and_CC be_VBI invited_VVN to_TO lay_VVI a_AT1 wreath_NN1 on_II the_AT tomb_NN1 of_IO the_AT Unknown_JJ Frogman_NN1 beneath_II the_AT Arc_NP de_NP Triomphe_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL So_RR let_VVD us_PPIO2 not_XX return_VVI them_PPHO2 to_II France_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Let_VV0 us_PPIO2 deliver_VVI them_PPHO2 to_II the_AT authorities_NN2 in_II the_AT notorious_JJ French_JJ penal_JJ colony_NN1 of_IO Devil_NN1 's_VBZ Island_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL No_PN121 one_PN122 ever_RR escapes_VVZ from_II there_RL ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC if_CSW the_AT French_JJ authorities_NN2 choose_VV0 to_TO repatriate_VVI the_AT agents_NN2 from_II Devil_NN1 's_VBZ Island_NN1 before_II their_APPGE time_NNT1 is_VBZ up_RP ,_, well_RR ,_, then_RT it_PPH1 is_VBZ *1_NULL their_APPGE *0_NULL penal_JJ system_NN1 they_PPHS2 are_VBR mucking_VVG around_RP with_IW ,_, not_XX ours_PPGE ._. ^ |_NULL (_( 3_MC )_) ^_NULL *1_NULL The_AT *"_" Checkpoint_NP1 Charlie_NP1 **"_" solution_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL Our_APPGE problem_NN1 ,_, basically_RR ,_, is_VBZ that_DD1 we_PPIS2 have_VH0 n't_XX got_VVN any_DD agents_NN2 to_TO swap_VVI for_IF Dominique_NP1 and_CC Alain_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Swapping_VVG agents_NN2 is_VBZ a_AT1 perfectly_RR honourable_JJ and_CC respectable_JJ practice_NN1 :_: the_AT superpowers_NN2 do_VD0 it_PPH1 all_DB the_AT time_NNT1 and_CC are_VBR rather_RG admired_JJ for_IF it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL So_RR what_DDQ we_PPIS2 do_VD0 is_VBZ make_VVI our_APPGE {_NULL SIS_NN1 }_NULL useful_JJ for_RR21 once_RR22 ,_, send_VV0 a_AT1 pair_NN of_IO our_APPGE agents_NN2 to_II France_NP1 on_II a_AT1 major_JJ sabotage_NN1 expedition_NN1 ,_, instruct_VV0 them_PPHO2 to_TO make_VVI a_AT1 shambles_NN2 of_IO it_PPH1 (_( that_DD1 should_VM n't_XX be_VBI difficult_JJ )_) ,_, and_CC then_RT swap_VV0 our_APPGE two_MC for_IF their_APPGE two_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT only_JJ flaw_NN1 in_II this_DD1 classically_RR simple_JJ scheme_NN1 is_VBZ that_CST you_PPY ca_VM n't_XX really_RR trust_VVI the_AT French_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 would_VM be_VBI quite_RG capable_JJ of_IO sending_VVG our_APPGE pair_NN to_II the_AT guillotine_NN1 ,_, in_II which_DDQ case_NN1 we_PPIS2 would_VM still_RR be_VBI stuck_VVN with_IW Alain_NP1 and_CC Dominique_NP1 ,_, not_XX to_TO mention_VVI a_AT1 whole_JJ lot_NN of_IO butter_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ ,_, of_RR21 course_RR22 ,_, a_AT1 quite_RG different_JJ approach_NN1 that_CST we_PPIS2 could_VM adopt_VVI if_CSW we_PPIS2 really_RR felt_VVD like_II it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 could_VM acknowledge_VVI that_CST we_PPIS2 have_VH0 been_VBN sending_VVG butter_NN1 to_II the_AT {_NULL EEC_NP1 }_NULL for_IF years_NNT2 longer_RRR than_CSN we_PPIS2 were_VBDR originally_RR intended_VVN to_II ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 could_VM front_VVI up_II21 to_II22 the_AT fact_NN1 that_CST the_AT European_JJ butter_NN1 mountain_NN1 is_VBZ about_II the_AT same_DA size_NN1 as_CSA the_AT amount_NN1 of_IO butter_NN1 we_PPIS2 have_VH0 sold_VVN to_II the_AT {_NULL EEC_NP1 }_NULL since_CS it_PPH1 was_VBDZ formed_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 could_VM accept_VVI that_CST the_AT boom_NN1 has_VHZ to_TO be_VBI lowered_VVN some_DD time_NNT1 ,_, and_CC that_DD1 preventing_VVG its_APPGE descent_NN1 by_II doing_VDG a_AT1 dishonourable_JJ deal_NN1 involving_VVG the_AT two_MC agents_NN2 is_VBZ only_RR a_AT1 temporary_JJ expedient_NN1 at_RR21 best_RR22 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL This_DD1 Government_NNJ is_VBZ all_DB for_IF facing_VVG reality_NN1 ,_, or_CC so_CS it_PPH1 claims_VVZ ._. ^ ^_NULL Whatever_DDQV *"_" reality_NN1 **"_" may_VM mean_VVI ,_, it_PPH1 surely_RR involves_VVZ recognition_NN1 of_IO the_AT fact_NN1 that_CST insisting_VVG on_II selling_VVG butter_NN1 to_II a_AT1 community_NNJ whose_DDQGE farmers_NN2 already_RR produce_VV0 far_RG more_DAR of_IO it_PPH1 than_CSN the_AT community_NNJ knows_VVZ what_DDQ to_TO do_VDI with_IW is_VBZ an_AT1 inherently_RR unstable_JJ trading_JJ position_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Our_APPGE argument_NN1 for_IF making_VVG the_AT {_NULL EEC_NP1 }_NULL take_VVI our_APPGE butter_NN1 is_VBZ that_CST we_PPIS2 are_VBR a_AT1 small_JJ but_CCB admirable_JJ Western_JJ nation_NN1 which_DDQ deserves_VVZ not_XX to_TO be_VBI ruined_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ uncomfortably_RR close_JJ to_II the_AT moral_JJ position_NN1 occupied_VVN by_II the_AT young_JJ woman_NN1 who_PNQS tells_VVZ her_APPGE protector_NN1 that_CST unless_CS he_PPHS1 buys_VVZ her_PPHO1 a_AT1 mink_NN1 coat_NN1 she_PPHS1 will_VM be_VBI forced_VVN to_TO go_VVI on_II the_AT game_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL If_CS we_PPIS2 sell_VV0 the_AT agents_NN2 for_IF a_ZZ1 couple_VV0 more_DAR years_NNT2 of_IO butter_NN1 supply_NN1 ,_, then_RT all_DB that_CST we_PPIS2 are_VBR getting_VVG is_VBZ a_AT1 rented_JJ mink_NN1 coat_NN1 ;_; the_AT street_NN1 still_RR awaits_VVZ us_PPIO2 ,_, and_CC we_PPIS2 will_VM deserve_VVI to_TO be_VBI there_RL ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Mind_NN1 you_PPY ,_, we_PPIS2 might_VM enjoy_VVI turning_VVG out_RP to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 harlot_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Plenty_PN of_IO harlots_NN2 do_VD0 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB if_CS we_PPIS2 do_VD0 become_VVI a_AT1 harlot_NN1 we_PPIS2 will_VM have_VHI to_TO stop_VVI pretending_VVG we_PPIS2 are_VBR Joan_NP1 of_IO Arc_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Joan_NP1 of_IO Arc_NP1 ,_, of_RR21 course_RR22 ,_, would_VM probably_RR have_VHI admired_VVN Dominique_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Is_VBZ n't_XX life_NN1 confusing_JJ ?_? ^ *<_NULL *6_NULL KORERO_NN1 *>_NULL ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Put_VVN housing_VVG on_II the_AT list_NN1 *>_NULL ^ *<_NULL by_II Ranginui_NP1 Walker_NP1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *6_NULL WHEN_CS THE_AT *0_NULL term_NN1 institutional_JJ racism_NN1 was_VBDZ introduced_VVN into_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 by_II Nga_NP1 Tamatoa_NP1 in_II 1970_MC few_DA2 people_NN understood_VVD its_APPGE meaning_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Institutional_JJ racism_NN1 exists_VVZ when_RRQ a_AT1 country_NN1 's_GE dominant_JJ group_NN views_VVZ its_APPGE values_NN2 ,_, customs_NN2 and_CC institutions_NN2 as_CSA being_VBG superior_JJ to_II those_DD2 of_IO a_AT1 subordinate_JJ group_NN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL One_MC1 of_IO the_AT difficulties_NN2 in_II dealing_VVG with_IW institutional_JJ racism_NN1 in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 is_VBZ that_CST its_APPGE beneficiaries_NN2 are_VBR often_RR unaware_JJ of_IO its_APPGE origins_NN2 or_CC its_APPGE function_NN1 in_II maintaining_VVG a_AT1 structure_NN1 of_IO Pakeha_NP1 dominance_NN1 and_CC Maori_JJ subordination_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Today_RT ,_, there_EX is_VBZ considerable_JJ evidence_NN1 available_JJ of_IO institutional_JJ racism_NN1 in_II most_DAT of_IO our_APPGE social_JJ arrangements_NN2 including_II politics_NN ,_, education_NN1 ,_, housing_VVG ,_, social_JJ welfare_NN1 and_CC the_AT media_NN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL At_II its_APPGE inception_NN1 New_NP Zealand_NP1 's_GE political_JJ system_NN1 under_II the_AT 1852_MC Constitution_NN1 based_VVN the_AT franchise_NN1 on_II an_AT1 individual_JJ property_NN1 qualification_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Collectively_NP1 owned_VVD tribal_JJ land_NN1 did_VDD not_XX qualify_VVI so_CS the_AT vast_JJ majority_NN of_IO the_AT Maori_JJ population_NN1 was_VBDZ disfranchised_VVN in_II a_AT1 parliament_NNJ where_RRQ on_II a_AT1 population_NN1 basis_NN1 they_PPHS2 should_VM have_VHI held_VVN an_AT1 equal_JJ number_NN1 of_IO seats_NN2 with_IW their_APPGE Pakeha_NP1 counterparts_VVZ ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 lack_NN1 of_IO representation_NN1 enabled_VVD the_AT parliament_NNJ to_TO pass_VVI racist_NN1 laws_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 the_AT 1863_MC New_NP Zealand_NP1 Settlements_NN2 Act_VV0 to_TO confiscate_VVI Maori_JJ land_NN1 for_IF military_JJ settlers_NN2 ,_, and_CC the_AT Suppression_NN1 of_IO Rebellion_NN1 Act_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 latter_DA measure_NN1 ,_, copied_VVD from_II a_AT1 similar_JJ law_NN1 in_II Ireland_NP1 ,_, suspended_JJ Habeas_NN121 Corpus_NN122 so_CS21 that_CS22 military_JJ courts_NN2 could_VM imprison_VVI or_CC kill_VVI Maoris_NP2 without_IW proclamation_NN1 of_IO martial_JJ law_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL After_CS the_AT Land_NN1 Wars_NN2 in_II 1867_MC the_AT Maori_JJ Representation_NN1 Act_NN1 granted_VVD token_JJ representation_NN1 of_IO four_MC members_NN2 in_II the_AT House_NN1 of_IO 70_MC when_RRQ on_II a_AT1 population_NN1 basis_NN1 Maori_NP1 were_VBDR entitled_VVN to_II 20_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 structural_JJ relationship_NN1 of_IO Pakeha_NP1 political_JJ dominance_NN1 and_CC Maori_JJ subordination_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN maintained_VVN to_II the_AT present_JJ day_NNT1 by_II the_AT Electoral_JJ Representation_NN1 Commission_NNJ ._. ^ ^_NULL After_CS every_AT1 census_NN1 the_AT commission_NN1 revises_VVZ Pakeha_NP1 representation_NN1 upwards_RL in_II31 accordance_II32 with_II33 population_NN1 increases_NN2 ,_, but_CCB not_XX Maori_JJ representation_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Native_JJ Land_NN1 Court_NN1 ,_, also_RR established_VVN in_II 1867_MC ,_, functioned_VVD as_II a_AT1 racist_NN1 institution_NN1 to_TO transform_VVI tribally_RR owned_JJ land_NN1 to_II individual_JJ title_NN1 cognisable_JJ under_II English_JJ law_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL No_AT thought_NN1 was_VBDZ given_VVN to_II the_AT possibility_NN1 of_IO recognising_VVG that_DD1 collective_JJ title_NN1 to_TO land_VVI was_VBDZ equally_RR as_RG valid_JJ as_CSA individual_JJ title_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT irony_NN1 is_VBZ that_CST colonisers_NN2 at_II the_AT time_NNT1 were_VBDR able_JK to_TO mask_VVI their_APPGE actions_NN2 with_IW a_AT1 cloak_NN1 of_IO benevolence_NN1 as_CSA enunciated_VVN by_II the_AT land_NN1 speculator_NN1 Frederick_NP1 Whitaker_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS was_VBDZ in_II the_AT Domett_NP1 government_NN of_IO the_AT early_JJ 1860s_MC2 :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL *#_NULL **[_NULL 251+TEXT+G64_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *6_NULL I_PPIS1 *2_NULL BELIEVE_VV0 *0_NULL we_PPIS2 have_VH0 entered_VVN the_AT *"_" silly_JJ season_NNT1 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL Which_DDQ I_PPIS1 take_VV0 to_TO mean_VVI the_AT cricket_NN1 season_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ not_XX a_AT1 game_NN1 I_PPIS1 admire_VV0 ,_, principally_RR because_CS nothing_PN1 happens_VVZ ._. ^ ^_NULL Even_RR Television_NN1 New_NP Zealand_NP1 's_GE sports_NN2 department_NNJ ,_, always_RR prepared_VVN to_TO give_VVI a_AT1 dog_NN1 a_AT1 fair_JJ shake_NN1 of_IO the_AT bat_NN1 ,_, is_VBZ hard_RR put_VV0 to_TO compile_VVI edited_JJ highlights_NN2 for_IF the_AT evening_NNT1 news_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Most_DAT of_IO the_AT time_NNT1 they_PPHS2 resort_VV0 to_TO footage_VVI of_IO the_AT scoreboard_NN1 and_CC melodramatic_JJ shots_NN2 of_IO batsmen_NN2 taking_VVG the_AT long_JJ walk_NN1 back_RP to_II the_AT shower_NN1 ._. ^ (_( ^_NULL Do_VD0 they_PPHS2 shower_VVI ?_? ^ ^_NULL There_EX 's_VBZ probably_RR no_AT need_NN1 ._. )_) ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Cricket_NN1 lacks_VVZ character_NN1 on_II a_AT1 par_NN1 with_IW John_NP1 McEnroe_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS finally_RR made_VVN tennis_NN1 interesting_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL If_CS you_PPY listen_VV0 to_II a_AT1 professional_JJ cricketer_NN1 long_RR enough_RR ,_, he_PPHS1 may_VM say_VVI something_PN1 interesting_JJ ,_, but_CCB it_PPH1 is_VBZ highly_RR unlikely_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Usually_RR a_AT1 cricket_NN1 captain_NN1 will_VM talk_VVI about_II the_AT pitch_NN1 (_( the_AT strip_NN1 of_IO grass_NN1 between_II the_AT wickets_NN2 )_) and_CC whether_CSW it_PPH1 is_VBZ fast_JJ or_CC slow_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Or_CC bumpy_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Or_CC he_PPHS1 may_VM talk_VVI about_II how_RGQ well_RR the_AT lads_NN2 are_VBR playing_VVG at_II the_AT moment_NN1 and_CC how_RRQ the_AT build-up_NN1 to_II the_AT next_MD test_NN1 is_VBZ going_VVG as_CSA planned_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL All_DB in_II thoroughly_RR decent_JJ and_CC measured_JJ tones_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL That_DD1 ,_, of_RR21 course_RR22 ,_, is_VBZ cricket_NN1 's_VBZ problem_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ a_AT1 thoroughly_RR decent_JJ game_NN1 played_VVN by_II thoroughly_RR decent_JJ people_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT only_JJ saving_NN1 grace_NN1 in_II the_AT whole_JJ business_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT audience_NN ,_, which_DDQ generally_RR consists_VVZ of_IO drunken_JJ yobbos_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 have_VH0 to_TO be_VBI drunk_VVN in_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO stay_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL One_MC1 Aussie_NN1 tried_VVD to_TO liven_VVN up_RP the_AT game_NN1 a_DD221 few_DD222 years_NNT2 ago_RA by_II bowling_NN1 underarm_NN1 in_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO secure_VVI a_AT1 victory_NN1 at_II any_DD cost_NN1 (_( ^_NULL Or_CC was_VBDZ it_PPH1 a_AT1 draw_NN1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ the_AT kind_NN1 of_IO game_NN1 which_DDQ ruins_VVZ any_DD desire_NN1 for_RR21 long_RR22 **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL -term_JJ memory_NN1 )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL Instead_CC21 of_CC22 gratitude_NN1 ,_, he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ given_VVN a_AT1 ballocking_NN1 unlike_II any_DD other_NN1 accorded_VVD a_AT1 sportsperson_NN1 in_II modern_JJ times_NNT2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II my_APPGE mind_NN1 ,_, bowling_NN1 underarm_NN1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 mild_JJ response_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II similar_JJ circumstances_NN2 I_PPIS1 would_VM have_VHI lobbed_VVN the_AT ball_NN1 into_II the_AT carpark_NN1 ,_, set_JJ fire_NN1 to_II the_AT stumps_NN2 and_CC tossed_VVD a_AT1 grenade_NN1 into_II the_AT number_NN1 three_MC stand_VV0 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL But_CCB some_DD people_NN do_VD0 n't_XX have_VHI an_AT1 appreciation_NN1 of_IO spectacle_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT game_NN1 appears_VVZ somehow_RR to_TO have_VHI excluded_JJ women_NN2 from_II its_APPGE upper_JJ ranks_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Probably_RR because_CS most_DAT women_NN2 have_VH0 better_JJR things_NN2 to_TO do_VDI ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ something_PN1 unsavoury_JJ in_II a_AT1 sport_NN1 where_RRQ commentators_NN2 talk_NN1 of_IO *"_" bowling_VVG a_AT1 maiden_NN1 over_RP **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 once_RR thought_VVD I_PPIS1 heard_VVD of_IO somebody_PN1 having_VHG *"_" a_AT1 leg_NN1 over_II a_AT1 maiden_NN1 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL Why_RRQ has_VHZ no_PN121 one_PN122 made_VVD a_AT1 fuss_NN1 ?_? !_! ^ ^_NULL Where_RRQ is_VBZ the_AT Ministry_NNJ of_IO Women_NN2 's_GE Affairs_NN2 when_RRQ we_PPIS2 need_VV0 her_APPGE ,_, it_PPH1 ,_, they_PPHS2 ?_? ^ ^_NULL Perhaps_RR they_PPHS2 have_VH0 already_RR ruled_VVN against_II the_AT game_NN1 because_II21 of_II22 the_AT number_NN1 of_IO phallic_JJ symbols_NN2 involved_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL Six_MC at_RR21 last_RR22 count_VV0 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 notice_VV0 that_CST players_NN2 wear_VV0 sufficient_JJ protective_JJ clothing_NN1 to_TO render_VVI a_AT1 more_RGR militant_JJ feminine_JJ protest_NN1 ineffective_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL What_DDQ has_VHZ professionalism_NN1 done_VDN for_IF sport_NN1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL For_IF the_AT answer_NN1 to_II that_DD1 question_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 need_VV0 only_RR look_VVI at_II what_DDQ golf_NN1 tournaments_NN2 have_VH0 done_VDN for_IF television_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Someone_PN1 has_VHZ been_VBN conned_VVN !_! ^ ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ a_AT1 thin_JJ ,_, reedy_JJ bat_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 ball_NN1 too_RG small_JJ to_TO see_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC a_AT1 hole_NN1 in_II the_AT ground_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 would_VM be_VBI impossible_JJ to_TO imagine_VVI a_AT1 more_RGR visually_RR uninteresting_JJ sport_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT English_JJ satirical_JJ \_NULL TV_NN1 **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL programme_NN1 *1_NULL Not_XX the_AT Nine_MC O'Clock_RA News_NN1 *0_NULL came_VVD close_RR to_II capturing_VVG the_AT spirit_NN1 of_IO the_AT game_NN1 when_CS it_PPH1 drew_VVD attention_NN1 to_II the_AT shocking_JJ trousers_NN2 worn_VVN by_II the_AT contestants_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB the_AT programme_NN1 failed_VVD to_TO see_VVI the_AT wider_JJR implications_NN2 of_IO this_DD1 Palm_NN1 Springs-Golf-Cart_NN2 *"_" sport_NN1 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL Taken_VVN together_II21 with_II22 the_AT open_JJ neck_NN1 shirts_NN2 with_IW razor-sharp_JJ creases_NN2 ,_, golfing_NN1 is_VBZ ironing_VVG gone_VVN mad_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL If_CS a_AT1 group_NN of_IO professional_JJ golfers_NN2 appeared_VVD together_RL at_II the_AT opening_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 church_NN1 fete_NN1 ,_, you_PPY would_VM be_VBI unable_JJ to_TO distinguish_VVI them_PPHO2 from_II an_AT1 orderly_JJ plate_NN1 of_IO pikelets_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Golf_NN1 has_VHZ survived_VVN as_II a_AT1 sport_NN1 because_CS the_AT Americans_NN2 invented_VVD motorised_JJ caddies_NN2 designed_VVD to_TO take_VVI the_AT exercise_NN1 out_II21 of_II22 the_AT game_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 suited_VVD the_AT elderly_JJ ,_, who_PNQS in_II Palm_NP Springs_NNL2 wanted_VVD to_TO take_VVI life_NN1 out_II21 of_II22 living_VVG and_CC at_II the_AT same_DA time_NNT1 stay_VV0 in_II31 touch_II32 with_II33 Bob_NP1 Hope_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 have_VH0 money_NN1 to_TO spend_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL As_II the_AT newly_RR elected_JJ spokesperson_NN1 for_IF {_NULL Raaps_NP1 }_NULL (_( Rugged_JJ Amateurs_NN2 Against_II Professional_NP1 Sport_NP1 )_) ,_, I_PPIS1 say_VV0 ,_, let_VVD us_PPIO2 set_VVD aside_RL greed_NN1 as_II a_AT1 motivation_NN1 in_II sport_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT American_JJ State_NNL1 Department_NNJ no_RR21 longer_RR22 talks_VVZ to_II us_PPIO2 and_CC we_PPIS2 are_VBR free_JJ as_CSA never_RR before_CS to_TO break_VVI the_AT shackles_NN2 of_IO American-style_JJ commercialism_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 expect_VV0 that_CST this_DD1 will_VM bring_VVI forth_RR a_AT1 flood_NN1 of_IO letters_NN2 from_II athletes_NN2 who_PNQS have_VH0 dedicated_VVN their_APPGE lives_NN2 to_II getting_VVG up_RP at_II four_MC {_NULL am_RA }_NULL to_TO swim_VVI 100_MC lengths_NN2 and_CC run_NN1 five_MC miles_NNU2 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 at_II {_NULL Raaps_NP1 }_NULL say_VV0 ,_, *"_" ^_NULL Stiff_JJ bikkies_NN2 !_! **"_" ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 are_VBR aware_JJ that_CST some_DD high-powered_JJ committee_NNJ on_II sport_NN1 has_VHZ accused_VVN us_PPIO2 of_IO being_VBG bludgers_NN2 riding_VVG on_II the_AT backs_NN2 of_IO a_DD221 few_DD222 glorious_JJ athletes_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL To_II which_DDQ I_PPIS1 reply_VV0 ,_, Colin_NP1 Meads_NN2 used_VMK to_TO train_VVI wearing_VVG hob_NN1 **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL -nail_JJ boots_NN2 to_TO build_VVI up_RP stamina_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 are_VBR more_RGR willing_JJ to_TO act_VVI as_CSA deadweight_NN1 on_II the_AT backs_NN2 of_IO our_APPGE athletes_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Further_RRR ,_, we_PPIS2 at_II {_NULL Raaps_NP1 }_NULL are_VBR purchasing_VVG protective_JJ headgear_NN1 ,_, whips_NN2 and_CC spurs_VVZ to_TO make_VVI the_AT ride_NN1 more_RGR enjoyable_JJ !_! ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 have_VH0 a_AT1 story_NN1 to_TO tell_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 can_VM remember_VVI when_RRQ surfing_VVG ,_, the_AT noblest_JJT of_IO sports_NN2 ,_, was_VBDZ free_JJ of_IO the_AT nonsense_NN1 which_DDQ accompanies_VVZ pro_JJ and_CC semi-pro_JJ sports_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ blessed_VVN ,_, and_CC still_RR is_VBZ ,_, by_II the_AT need_NN1 for_IF that_DD1 most_RGT elusive_JJ of_IO commodities_NN2 *-_- a_AT1 good_JJ ,_, surfable_JJ wave_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT 60s_MC2 and_CC early_JJ 70s_MC2 surfers_NN2 were_VBDR to_II some_DD extent_NN1 social_JJ outcasts_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Many_DA2 adopted_JJ voluntary_JJ unemployment_NN1 as_II a_AT1 lifestyle_NN1 for_IF the_AT very_RG positive_JJ reason_NN1 that_CST the_AT job_NN1 had_VHD not_XX been_VBN invented_VVN which_DDQ allowed_VVD for_IF a_AT1 rising_JJ sea_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 stiff_JJ ,_, offshore_JJ breeze_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT rugged_JJ individuals_NN2 have_VH0 gone_VVN now_RT ._. ^ ^_NULL To_TO be_VBI replaced_VVN by_II secondary_JJ school_NN1 competitions_NN2 and_CC points-per-wave_NN2 for_IF the_AT greatest-number-of-manoeuvres_FU ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT pyramid_NN1 of_IO consumerism_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN constructed_VVN similar_JJ to_II that_DD1 in_II many_DA2 other_JJ sports_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_DD221 few_DD222 *"_" champions_NN2 **"_" at_II the_AT top_NN1 are_VBR supported_VVN by_II the_AT thousands_NNO2 of_IO *"_" mugs_NN2 **"_" who_PNQS buy_VV0 their_APPGE beachwear_NN1 and_CC surfboards_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL We_PPIS2 have_VH0 a_AT1 policy_NN1 at_II {_NULL Raaps_NP1 }_NULL ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 always_RR come_VV0 *1_NULL last_MD ._. ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL It_PPH1 's_VBZ the_AT only_JJ sure_JJ way_NN1 we_PPIS2 know_VV0 of_IO to_TO meet_VVI maidens_NN2 without_IW the_AT need_NN1 to_TO bowl_VVI them_PPHO2 over_RP ._. ^ *<_NULL *6_NULL GARY_NP1 McCORMICK_NP1 *>_NULL ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Channel_NN1 Mc-Three-Mick_NP1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *6_NULL THE_AT BROADCASTING_NN1 *0_NULL Tribunal_NN1 is_VBZ having_VHG a_AT1 fairly_RR tough_JJ time_NNT1 trying_VVG to_TO decide_VVI which_DDQ of_IO the_AT seven_MC applicants_NN2 should_VM be_VBI awarded_VVN the_AT third_MD channel_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL After_II nine_MC months_NNT2 of_IO inquiry_NN1 and_CC a_DD231 good_DD232 many_DD233 lawyer-hours_NNT2 ,_, there_EX is_VBZ still_RR no_AT sign_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 healthy_JJ broadcasting_NN1 babe_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Television_NN1 Midwifery_NN1 and_CC Concerned_JJ Parents_NN2 Association_NNJ has_VHZ begun_VVN to_TO issue_VVI statements_NN2 expressing_VVG alarm_NN1 that_CST the_AT long-awaited_JJ new_JJ addition_NN1 may_VM find_VVI itself_PPX1 in_II a_AT1 hostile_JJ environment_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 change_NN1 of_IO government_NN and_CC the_AT fledging_JJ channel_NN1 could_VM find_VVI itself_PPX1 in_II the_AT same_DA situation_NN1 as_CSA the_AT Gordon_NP1 Dryden_NP1 effort_NN1 in_II 1972_MC *-_- facing_VVG an_AT1 abortion_NN1 ,_, immediately_RR following_VVG birth_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 would_VM like_VVI the_AT Broadcasting_NN1 Tribunal_NN1 to_TO behave_VVI in_II a_AT1 decisive_JJ manner_NN1 by_II awarding_VVG the_AT third_MD channel_NN1 to_II me_PPIO1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 'll_VM take_VVI good_JJ care_NN1 of_IO it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX are_VBR obvious_JJ advantages_NN2 in_II this_DD1 course_NN1 of_IO action_NN1 (_( including_II some_DD for_IF myself_PPX1 ,_, estimated_VVD to_TO be_VBI in_II the_AT vicinity_NN1 of_IO 50_MC million_NNO dollars_NNU2 )_) not_XX the_AT least_DAT of_IO which_DDQ is_VBZ that_CST I_PPIS1 promise_VV0 to_TO front_VVI up_II21 to_II22 the_AT tribunal_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 friendly_JJ chat_NN1 without_IW a_AT1 lawyer_NN1 in_II sight_NN1 ._. ^ (_( ^_NULL No_RR21 doubt_RR22 some_DD lawyers_NN2 will_VM attempt_VVI to_TO follow_VVI me_PPIO1 from_II a_AT1 distance_NN1 ,_, but_CCB I_PPIS1 ca_VM n't_XX be_VBI held_VVN responsible_JJ for_IF that_DD1 !_! )_) ^ |_NULL ^_NULL While_CS studying_VVG material_NN1 supplied_VVN by_II the_AT other_JJ applicants_NN2 ,_, I_PPIS1 discovered_VVD that_CST the_AT common_JJ thread_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE applications_NN2 lies_VVZ in_II the_AT fact_NN1 that_CST there_EX is_VBZ no_AT common_JJ thread_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 lack_NN1 of_IO common_JJ thread_NN1 will_VM create_VVI a_AT1 lot_NN of_IO ill-will_JJ among_II New_JJ Zealanders_NP1 who_PNQS are_VBR tired_JJ of_IO watching_VVG *1_NULL Dynasty_NN *0_NULL and_CC *1_NULL Dallas_NP1 ,_, *0_NULL where_CS all_DB of_IO the_AT thread_NN1 is_VBZ apparently_RR very_RG expensive_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL At_II a_AT1 time_NNT1 when_RRQ farmers_NN2 are_VBR dressing_VVG down_RP and_CC the_AT French_NN1 are_VBR considering_II doing_VDG unmentionable_JJ things_NN2 to_II our_APPGE butter_NN1 (_( they_PPHS2 have_VH0 a_AT1 history_NN1 of_IO it_PPH1 ,_, as_CSA anyone_PN1 who_PNQS saw_VVD *1_NULL Last_MD Tango_NN1 in_II Paris_NP1 *0_NULL can_VM testify_VVI )_) it_PPH1 is_VBZ inappropriate_JJ that_CST a_AT1 sensitive_JJ and_CC aware_JJ third_MD channel_NN1 should_VM promote_VVI a_AT1 lifestyle_NN1 which_DDQ can_VM not_XX be_VBI sustained_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 may_VM be_VBI getting_VVG a_RR21 little_RR22 ahead_RL of_IO myself_PPX1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II practical_JJ terms_NN2 ,_, I_PPIS1 will_VM have_VHI to_TO broadcast_VVI from_II a_AT1 shed_NN1 down_II the_AT back_NN1 of_IO the_AT section_NN1 ,_, therefore_RR I_PPIS1 must_VM restrict_VVI my_APPGE broadcasting_NN1 hours_NNT2 to_II the_AT times_NNT2 when_RRQ it_PPH1 is_VBZ cold_JJ throughout_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 and_CC people_NN are_VBR indoors_RL ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 at_II Channel_NN1 Mc-Three-Mick_NP1 are_VBR acutely_RR aware_JJ of_IO the_AT **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL damage_NN1 television_NN1 does_VDZ to_II young_JJ minds_NN2 and_CC ,_, for_IF that_DD1 matter_NN1 ,_, old_JJ minds_NN2 ,_, and_CC would_VM rather_RR people_NN took_VVD advantage_NN1 of_IO the_AT fresh_JJ air_NN1 and_CC exercise_VV0 available_JJ in_II the_AT great_JJ outdoors_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 wo_VM n't_XX be_VBI showing_VVG any_DD indoor_JJ exercise_NN1 programmes_NN2 because_CS the_AT thought_NN1 of_IO thousands_NNO2 of_IO housewives_NN2 leaping_VVG about_RP in_II leotards_NN2 in_II the_AT privacy_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE own_DA living_JJ rooms_NN2 is_VBZ too_RG sad_JJ to_TO contemplate_VVI ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 has_VHZ become_VVN very_RG fashionable_JJ to_TO criticise_VVI the_AT soaps_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 cursory_JJ reading_NN1 of_IO reputable_JJ biographies_NN2 of_IO criminals_NN2 and_CC murderers_NN2 show_VV0 that_CST the_AT internecine_NN1 struggles_NN2 of_IO soap_NN1 characters_NN2 are_VBR ,_, if_CS anything_PN1 ,_, far_RR too_RG restrained_JJ and_CC ordinary_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 would_VM like_VVI to_TO produce_VVI a_AT1 series_NN locally_RR which_DDQ would_VM *"_" beef_VVI up_RP **"_" the_AT genre_NN1 but_CCB there_EX wo_VM n't_XX be_VBI the_AT time_NNT1 (_( besides_RR ,_, you_PPY have_VH0 to_TO deal_VVI with_IW actors_NN2 !_! )_) so_CS I_PPIS1 think_VV0 we_PPIS2 will_VM purchase_VVI comic_JJ strip_NN1 rights_NN2 to_II *1_NULL The_AT Phantom_NN1 *0_NULL and_CC run_NN1 a_ZZ1 strip_VV0 a_AT1 day_NNT1 just_RR like_II the_AT *1_NULL Dominion_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL In_II31 view_II32 of_II33 the_AT controversy_NN1 over_II Television_NN1 New_NP Zealand_NP1 's_GE refusal_NN1 to_TO broadcast_VVI the_AT Cavaliers_NN2 '_GE games_NN2 in_II South_NP Africa_NP1 ,_, Channel_NN1 Mc-Three-Mick_NP1 solemnly_RR undertakes_VVZ to_II station_NN1 sports_NN2 crews_NN2 in_II South_NP Africa_NP1 ,_, Afghanistan_NP1 ,_, Poland_NP1 ,_, Nicaragua_NP1 and_CC in_II the_AT Philippines_NP if_CSW Marcos_NP1 will_VM go_VVI back_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL Horseracing_NP1 will_VM only_RR be_VBI screened_VVN if_CS the_AT likes_NN2 of_IO John_NP1 Walker_NP1 and_CC Rod_NN1 Dixon_NP1 can_VM really_RR be_VBI persuaded_VVN to_TO race_VVI horses_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Badminton_NN1 will_VM only_RR be_VBI screened_VVN on_II Good_JJ Fridays_NPD2 or_CC when_RRQ the_AT transmitter_NN1 breaks_VVZ down_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 small_JJ sign_NN1 will_VM read_VVI ,_, *"_" ^_NULL Do_VD0 not_XX adjust_VVI your_APPGE sets_NN2 *-_- this_DD1 is_VBZ only_JJ badminton_NN1 **"_" ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL We_PPIS2 are_VBR aware_JJ that_CST a_AT1 small_JJ percentage_NN1 of_IO the_AT audience_NN requires_VVZ some_DD kind_NN1 of_IO mental_JJ stimulation_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT old_JJ days_NNT2 ,_, this_DD1 is_VBZ what_DDQ books_NN2 and_CC conversation_NN1 were_VBDR for_IF ._. ^ ^_NULL So_RR for_IF 15_MC minutes_NNT2 per_II cold_JJ day_NNT1 ,_, a_AT1 well_RR **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL -known_JJ person_NN1 will_VM be_VBI filmed_VVN reading_VVG a_AT1 book_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 will_VM be_VBI done_VDN silently_RR ,_, although_CS whether_CSW31 or_CSW32 not_CSW33 the_AT words_NN2 are_VBR mouthed_VVN ,_, will_VM be_VBI left_VVN up_II21 to_II22 the_AT individual_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL If_CS one_MC1 of_IO our_APPGE readers_NN2 nods_VVZ ,_, burps_NN2 or_CC scratches_VVZ various_JJ parts_NN2 of_IO his_APPGE or_CC her_APPGE anatomy_NN1 while_CS silently_RR reading_VVG ,_, he_PPHS1 or_CC she_PPHS1 may_VM be_VBI designated_VVN *"_" a_AT1 character_NN1 **"_" and_CC become_VV0 a_AT1 continuity_NN1 announcer/_FO frontperson_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT news_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 contentious_JJ area_NN1 ,_, particularly_RR because_CS large_JJ organisations_NN2 control_VV0 the_AT dissemination_NN1 of_IO information_NN1 around_II the_AT globe_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT only_JJ fair_JJ way_NN1 to_TO produce_VVI a_AT1 balanced_JJ news_NN1 programme_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO make_VVI it_PPH1 all_DB up_RP !_! ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 *1_NULL will_VM *0_NULL have_VHI a_AT1 representative_NN1 in_II the_AT parliamentary_JJ press_NN gallery_NN1 ,_, following_VVG {_NULL MP_NN1 }_NULL John_NP1 Banks_NN2 around_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX will_VM be_VBI no_AT local_JJ news_NN1 as_CSA such_DA ,_, because_CS that_DD1 would_VM be_VBI much_RR too_RG parochial_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT weather_NN1 report_NN1 will_VM be_VBI compiled_VVN with_IW the_AT aid_NN1 of_IO *"_" weather-watchers_NN2 **"_" (_( and_CC who_PNQS is_VBZ n't_XX )_) from_II every_AT1 district_NN1 in_II the_AT country_NN1 ,_, who_PNQS will_VM phone_VVI in_II their_APPGE reports_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 report_NN1 on_II how_RRQ the_AT weather_NN1 really_RR *1_NULL is_VBZ *0_NULL is_VBZ a_PN31 great_PN32 deal_PN33 more_RRR helpful_JJ than_CSN fanciful_JJ predictions_NN2 of_IO how_RRQ it_PPH1 might_VM be_VBI ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Having_VHG heard_VVN this_DD1 proposal_NN1 ,_, many_DA2 of_IO you_PPY will_VM be_VBI feeling_VVG that_DD1 broadcasting_NN1 skies_NN2 are_VBR brightening_VVG ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 will_VM be_VBI refreshing_JJ to_TO have_VHI a_AT1 socially_RR and_CC politically-aware_JJ channel_NN1 ,_, with_IW a_AT1 staff_NN of_IO heavily_RR committed_VVD and_CC passionately_RR involved_JJ media-persons_NN2 at_II the_AT helm_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 refer_VV0 of_RR21 course_RR22 to_II the_AT Mc-Three-Mick_NP1 Politbureau_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Hand-picked_NN1 ,_, these_DD2 people_NN will_VM see_VVI beautiful_JJ people_NN like_II Don_NP1 Johnson_NP1 and_CC Philip_NP1 Michael_NP1 Thomas_NP1 of_IO *1_NULL Miami_NP1 Vice_NN1 *0_NULL removed_VVD to_TO make_VVI way_NN1 for_IF ugly_JJ people_NN who_PNQS ca_VM n't_XX afford_VVI cocaine_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Violence_NN1 will_VM be_VBI reduced_VVN to_II the_AT level_NN1 of_IO constructive_JJ criticism_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Criminals_NN2 will_VM invariably_RR be_VBI caught_VVN and_CC sentenced_VVN to_TO serve_VVI in_II the_AT community_NNJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Damage_NN1 to_II cars_NN2 during_II car_NN1 chases_NN2 will_VM be_VBI limited_VVN to_II bent_JJ side-mirrors_NN2 and_CC twisted_JJ aerials_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Maori_NP1 will_VM be_VBI spoken_VVN in_II31 proportion_II32 to_II33 the_AT number_NN1 of_IO Maoris_NP2 in_II the_AT general_JJ population_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 means_VVZ that_CST two_MC or_CC three_MC words_NN2 in_II each_DD1 sentence_NN1 will_VM be_VBI spoken_VVN in_II Maori_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Access_NN1 Radio_NN1 in_II Wellington_NP1 has_VHZ set_VVN a_AT1 precedent_NN1 by_II allowing_VVG time_NNT1 on_II air_NN1 for_IF all_DB kinds_NN2 of_IO minority_NN1 groups_NN2 ,_, including_II lesbians_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Homosexual_JJ men_NN2 in_II New_NP York_NP1 dress_NN1 in_II identical_JJ clothing_NN1 to_II their_APPGE partners_NN2 ,_, so_CS21 that_CS22 they_PPHS2 look_VV0 like_II matching_VVG bookends_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 see_VV0 no_AT reason_NN1 why_RRQ we_PPIS2 should_VM n't_XX jump_VVI the_AT gun_NN1 here_RL and_CC have_VH0 the_AT *1_NULL Gay_NP1 News_NP1 *0_NULL read_VVD by_II two_MC look-alikes_NN2 ,_, in_II unison_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II Australia_NP1 ,_, the_AT media_NN have_VH0 managed_VVN to_TO generate_VVI a_AT1 very_RG kind_JJ understanding_NN1 of_IO the_AT problems_NN2 faced_VVN by_II the_AT rural_JJ sector_NN1 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 252+TEXT+G65_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *6_NULL I_PPIS1 'VE_VH0 JUST_RR BEEN_VBN *0_NULL to_II a_AT1 meeting_NN1 with_IW academics_NN2 to_TO discuss_VVI research_NN1 needs_NN2 and_CC priorities_NN2 for_IF the_AT Office_NN1 of_IO the_AT Race_NN1 Relations_NN2 Conciliator_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 's_VBZ the_AT week_NNT1 that_CST the_AT decision_NN1 was_VBDZ announced_VVN on_II electrification_NN1 of_IO the_AT North_NP Island_NP1 main_JJ trunk_NN1 line_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 decision_NN1 based_VVN on_II a_AT1 British_JJ accountant_NN1 's_VBZ report_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 've_VH0 not_XX seen_VVN that_CST report_VV0 ,_, but_CCB I_PPIS1 'll_VM warrant_VVI a_AT1 substantial_JJ part_NN1 of_IO it_PPH1 relies_VVZ on_II oil_NN1 price_NN1 forecasts_NN2 which_DDQ ,_, with_IW the_AT replacement_NN1 of_IO Sheik_NNB Yamani_NP1 as_II oil_NN1 minister_NN1 for_IF Saudi_NP Arabia_NP1 in_II the_AT same_DA week_NNT1 ,_, will_VM now_RT make_VVI no_AT sense_NN1 at_RR21 all_RR22 ._. ^ ^_NULL Well_RR ,_, I_PPIS1 wonder_VV0 what_DDQ we_PPIS2 paid_VVD for_IF that_DD1 report_NN1 ,_, and_CC how_RGQ much_DA1 it_PPH1 might_VM have_VHI bought_VVN in_II appropriate_JJ social_JJ science_NN1 research_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 reminds_VVZ me_PPIO1 of_IO the_AT report_NN1 commissioned_VVD from_II American_JJ consultants_NN2 by_II the_AT Department_NNJ of_IO Maori_JJ Affairs_NN2 ,_, on_II trade_NN1 opportunities_NN2 for_IF Maori_JJ products_NN2 in_II North_NP America_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT report_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ cost_VV0 more_DAR than_CSN *+_NULL $100,000_NNU ,_, was_VBDZ paid_VVN for_IF by_II the_AT public_NN and_CC was_VBDZ handed_VVN to_II a_AT1 private_JJ concern_NN1 ,_, Maori_JJ International_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Despite_II requests_NN2 at_II the_AT time_NNT1 for_IF it_PPH1 to_TO be_VBI released_VVN to_II other_JJ members_NN2 of_IO the_AT Maori_JJ community_NNJ ,_, it_PPH1 never_RR was_VBDZ ._. ^ (_( ^_NULL It_PPH1 may_VM have_VHI been_VBN by_RT21 now_RT22 ,_, who_PNQS knows_VVZ ?_? )_) ^ ^_NULL Not_XX that_CST it_PPH1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 good_JJ report_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 thought_VVD it_PPH1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 shambles_NN2 ,_, and_CC a_AT1 shocking_JJ waste_NN1 of_IO money_NN1 that_CST would_VM have_VHI been_VBN much_RR better_RRR spent_VVN in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 ,_, by_II New_JJ Zealanders_NP1 on_II New_JJ Zealanders_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT initial_JJ purpose_NN1 of_IO the_AT Race_NN1 Relations_NN2 Conciliator_NN1 was_VBDZ to_TO investigate_VVI and_CC conciliate_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT appointment_NN1 of_IO educators_NN2 *-_- Hiwi_NP1 Tauroa_NP1 and_CC Wally_NP1 Hirsch_NP1 *-_- has_VHZ seen_VVN the_AT education_NN1 role_NN1 expand_VV0 in_II schools_NN2 ,_, in_II the_AT community_NNJ and_CC now_RT in_II industry_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT emphasis_NN1 was_VBDZ at_RR21 first_RR22 on_II developing_VVG a_AT1 cultural_JJ sensitivity_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Now_RT it_PPH1 is_VBZ on_II fighting_VVG institutionalised_JJ racism_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II the_AT Estimates_NN2 of_IO Government_NNJ Expenditure_NN1 for_IF the_AT year_NNT1 ending_VVG 31_MC March_NPM1 ,_, 1987_MC ,_, the_AT Race_NN1 Relations_NN2 Office_NN1 is_VBZ allocated_JJ *+_NULL $555,000_NNU *-_- less_DAR than_CSN the_AT Marriage_NN1 Guidance_NN1 Service_NN1 ,_, less_RRR than_CSN the_AT Securities_NN2 Commission_NNJ and_CC less_DAR than_CSN the_AT combined_JJ salaries_NN2 and_CC allowances_NN2 of_IO the_AT Prime_JJ Minister_NN1 and_CC his_APPGE deputy_NN1 ,_, the_AT Leader_NP1 of_IO the_AT Opposition_NNJ and_CC his_APPGE deputy_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT Speaker_NN1 of_IO the_AT House_NN1 ._. ^ (_( ^_NULL No_UH ,_, I_PPIS1 'm_VBM not_XX making_VVG any_DD point_NN1 *-_- just_RR putting_VVG the_AT funding_NN1 in_II perspective_NN1 ._. )_) ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 think_VV0 the_AT total_JJ number_NN1 of_IO employees_NN2 in_II the_AT Conciliator_NN1 's_VBZ office_NN1 is_VBZ now_RT 12_MC ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT largest_JJT number_NN1 of_IO complaints_NN2 received_VVN by_II the_AT office_NN1 these_DD2 days_NNT2 concern_NN1 section_NN1 9a_MC of_IO the_AT Act_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ speaks_VVZ of_IO *"_" inciting_VVG racial_JJ disharmony_NN1 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL Some_DD 80%_NNU of_IO the_AT complaints_NN2 are_VBR from_II Pakehas_NN2 ,_, who_PNQS think_VV0 that_CST they_PPHS2 are_VBR discriminated_VVN against_II by_II *"_" taha_NN1 Maori_NP1 **"_" or_CC by_II programmes_NN2 of_IO affirmative_JJ action_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 think_VV0 each_DD1 of_IO them_PPHO2 should_VM be_VBI forced_VVN to_TO read_VVI ,_, aloud_RR ,_, the_AT Race_NN1 Relations_NN2 reports_VVZ on_II discrimination_NN1 in_II housing_NN1 and_CC immigration_NN1 ,_, to_II a_AT1 hall_NN1 full_JJ of_IO people_NN of_IO an_AT1 ethnicity_NN1 and_CC social_JJ origin_NN1 different_JJ from_II their_APPGE own_DA ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 might_VM learn_VVI something_PN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL That_DD1 complaint_NN1 rate_NN1 is_VBZ also_RR a_AT1 reflection_NN1 of_IO the_AT fact_NN1 that_CST the_AT Race_NN1 Relations_NN2 Office_NN1 is_VBZ still_RR a_AT1 white_JJ male_JJ institution_NN1 in_II conception_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT tools_NN2 of_IO access_NN1 are_VBR those_DD2 of_IO the_AT dominant_JJ culture_NN1 ._. ^ (_( ^_NULL This_DD1 in_II no_AT way_NN1 undermines_VVZ the_AT extraordinarily_RR creative_JJ strategies_NN2 practised_VVD by_II the_AT office_NN1 to_TO overcome_VVI the_AT problem_NN1 ._. )_) ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ also_RR a_AT1 reflection_NN1 of_IO the_AT continuation_NN1 of_IO past_NN1 and_CC persistent_JJ discrimination_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Pakehas_NN2 who_PNQS complain_VV0 about_II affirmative_JJ action_NN1 resent_VV0 such_DA a_AT1 policy_NN1 as_RG being_VBG a_AT1 *"_" privilege_NN1 **"_" ,_, as_CSA if_CS something_PN1 is_VBZ being_VBG taken_VVN away_II21 from_II22 one_MC1 group_NN and_CC given_VVN to_II another_DD1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Breathtaking_JJ how_RRQ *"_" logic_NN1 **"_" works_VVZ sometimes_RT ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL From_II the_AT range_NN1 of_IO information_NN1 that_CST flows_VVZ into_II the_AT office_NN1 a_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO areas_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN identified_VVN as_II priority_NN1 areas_NN2 for_IF research_NN1 *-_- which_DDQ is_VBZ why_RRQ we_PPIS2 were_VBDR having_VHG a_AT1 meeting_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 are_VBR :_: discrimination_NN1 in_II employment_NN1 procedures_NN2 ;_; ethnic_JJ composition_NN1 at_II the_AT various_JJ levels_NN2 of_IO management_NN in_II major_JJ corporations_NNJ2 and_CC organisations_NN2 ;_; analysis_NN1 of_IO affirmative_JJ action_NN1 in_II practice_NN1 ;_; and_CC Pakeha_NP1 responses_NN2 to_II policies_NN2 and_CC programmes_NN2 ;_; school_NN1 mobility_NN1 (_( white_JJ flight_NN1 )_) ;_; school_NN1 suspension_NN1 and_CC expulsion_NN1 ;_; death_NN1 ,_, dying_VVG and_CC funerals_NN2 ;_; health_NN1 practices_NN2 and_CC access_NN1 to_II health_NN1 resources_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL (_( ^_NULL In_II one_MC1 way_NN1 the_AT Race_NN1 Relations_NN2 Office_NN1 is_VBZ lucky_JJ *-_- it_PPH1 is_VBZ optimistic_JJ enough_RR to_TO think_VVI it_PPH1 can_VM *1_NULL do_VDI *0_NULL some_DD research_NN1 :_: the_AT Human_JJ Rights_NN2 Commission_NNJ has_VHZ no_AT money_NN1 and_CC no_AT time_NNT1 ._. )_) ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Race_NN1 Relations_NN2 Office_NN1 will_VM have_VHI about_II *+_NULL $10,000_NNU or_CC so_CS for_IF these_DD2 projects_NN2 which_DDQ is_VBZ just_RR a_AT1 joke_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 will_VM compete_VVI with_IW all_DB the_AT other_JJ powerless_JJ people_NN for_IF the_AT meagre_JJ crumbs_NN2 in_II the_AT Ministry_NNJ of_IO Women_NN2 's_GE Affairs_NN2 ,_, and_CC the_AT University_NN1 Grants_VVZ Committee_NNJ and_CC the_AT Social_JJ Science_NN1 Research_NN1 Council_NNJ ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 can_VM not_XX always_RR count_VVI on_II *"_" conscience_NN1 **"_" money_NN1 to_TO sustain_VVI a_AT1 project_NN1 :_: the_AT Real_JJ Estate_NN1 Institute_NNJ paid_VVD for_IF the_AT printing_NN1 of_IO the_AT report_NN1 on_II discrimination_NN1 in_II housing_NN1 ._. ^ (_( ^_NULL The_AT Housing_NN1 Corporation_NNJ ,_, despite_II its_APPGE occupation_NN1 rate_NN1 policy_NN1 on_II rental_NN1 property_NN1 being_VBG a_AT1 clear_JJ case_NN1 of_IO institutionalised_JJ racism_NN1 ,_, did_VDD n't_XX furnish_VVI any_DD assistance_NN1 ._. )_) ^ ^_NULL And_CC no_UH ,_, the_AT Social_JJ Policy_NN1 Commission_NNJ can_VM not_XX possibly_RR do_VDI this_DD1 work_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL As_CS31 far_CS32 as_CS33 I_PPIS1 'm_VBM concerned_JJ ,_, Rogernomics_NN2 is_VBZ of_IO such_DA an_AT1 excessive_JJ doctrinaire_JJ and_CC inhuman_JJ quality_NN1 that_CST the_AT Minister_NN1 of_IO Finance_NN1 should_VM personally_RR establish_VVI a_AT1 trust_NN1 fund_NN1 to_TO begin_VVI this_DD1 work_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX must_VM be_VBI some_DD way_NN1 to_TO have_VHI him_PPHO1 pay_NN1 personally_RR for_IF the_AT human_JJ havoc_NN1 *-_- discrimination_NN1 ,_, exploitation_NN1 ,_, oppression_NN1 *-_- that_CST his_APPGE theories_NN2 and_CC policies_NN2 will_VM leave_VVI in_II their_APPGE wake_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL How_RRQ about_II a_AT1 policy_NN1 that_CST says_VVZ that_CST *1_NULL every_AT1 *0_NULL dollar_NNU1 spent_VVN on_II research_NN1 or_CC consultancy_NN1 reports_NN2 commissioned_VVD by_II this_DD1 Government_NNJ and_CC not_XX using_VVG a_AT1 New_NP Zealand_NP1 company_NN1 should_VM be_VBI matched_VVN in_II social_JJ science_NN1 research_NN1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 might_VM help_VVI redress_NN1 the_AT balance_NN1 of_IO rabid_JJ ideological_JJ neo-colonisation_NN1 *-_- by_II economic_JJ doctrine_NN1 ,_, right-wing_JJ religion_NN1 and_CC foreign_JJ *"_" experts_NN2 **"_" ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 wo_VM n't_XX then_RT have_VHI to_TO go_VVI to_II so_RG many_DA2 meetings_NN2 attended_VVD overwhelmingly_RR by_II a_AT1 sense_NN1 of_IO impossibility_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *6_NULL *"_" WE_PPIS2 ARE_VBR ALL_RR ONE_MC1 PEOPLE_NN **"_" ?_? ^ *>_NULL ^ *<_NULL *0_NULL A_AT1 Discussion_NN1 of_IO Events_NN2 Leading_VVG to_II the_AT Publication_NN1 of_IO *3_NULL RACE_NN1 AGAINST_II TIME_NNT1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL On_II 6th_MD February_NPM1 1840_MC a_ZZ1 number_NN1 of_IO Maori_JJ chiefs_NN2 were_VBDR gathered_VVN together_RL at_II Waitangi_NP1 ,_, ostensibly_RR to_TO sign_VVI a_AT1 treaty_NN1 with_IW the_AT British_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II truth_NN1 however_RR ,_, they_PPHS2 unwittingly_RR signed_VVN away_RP their_APPGE mana_NN1 and_CC sovereignty_NN1 over_II Aotearoa_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL As_CSA they_PPHS2 did_VDD so_CS ,_, Captain_NNB William_NP1 Hobson_NP1 greeted_VVD them_PPHO2 with_IW the_AT platitudinous_JJ *"_" ^_NULL He_PPHS1 iwi_NN2 tahi_NN2 tatou_NN1 **"_" *-_- *"_" ^_NULL We_PPIS2 are_VBR now_RT one_MC1 people_NN **"_" ;_; and_CC thus_RR ,_, the_AT great_JJ New_NP Zealand_NP1 myth_NN1 of_IO racial_JJ harmony_NN1 and_CC equality_NN1 was_VBDZ launched_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL By_II the_AT 1970s_MC2 however_RR ,_, the_AT myth_NN1 could_VM no_RR21 longer_RR22 be_VBI upheld_VVN as_II a_AT1 new_JJ generation_NN1 of_IO urban-born_JJ Maori_NP1 began_VVD to_TO challenge_VVI it_PPH1 ,_, exposing_VVG the_AT inequalities_NN2 and_CC injustices_NN2 in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 society_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL Their_APPGE anger_NN1 and_CC discontent_NN1 were_VBDR manifested_VVN in_II such_DA activities_NN2 as_II the_AT Maori_JJ Land_NN1 March_NN1 of_IO 1975_MC ;_; the_AT occupation_NN1 of_IO Bastion_NP Point_NNL1 in_II 1977_MC ;_; and_CC the_AT formation_NN1 of_IO the_AT Waitangi_NP1 Action_NN1 Committee_NNJ ,_, and_CC the_AT incident_NN1 known_VVN as_II He_PPHS1 Taua_NP1 and_CC the_AT Haka_NP1 party_NN in_II 1979_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL All_DB these_DD2 events_NN2 drew_VVD attention_NN1 to_II the_AT increasing_JJ racial_JJ tension_NN1 and_CC cross-cultural_JJ misunderstandings_NN2 within_II the_AT legendary_JJ Godzone_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT He_PPHS1 Taua_NP1 and_CC the_AT Haka_NP1 party_NN incident_NN1 in_RR21 particular_RR22 was_VBDZ dramatised_VVN out_II21 of_II22 all_DB proportion_NN1 through_II sensational_JJ media_NN coverage_VV0 ._. ^ ^_NULL However_RR ,_, the_AT furore_NN1 over_RP He_PPHS1 Taua_NP1 and_CC the_AT Haka_NP1 party_NN did_VDD have_VHI one_MC1 positive_JJ effect_NN1 in_II that_DD1 it_PPH1 was_VBDZ inadvertently_RR responsible_JJ for_IF impelling_VVG the_AT Race_NN1 Relations_NN2 Conciliator_NN1 to_TO call_VVI for_IF submissions_NN2 on_II race_NN1 relations_NN2 in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Eventually_RR the_AT submissions_NN2 were_VBDR published_VVN in_II *1_NULL Race_NN1 Against_II Time_NNT1 ,_, *0_NULL a_AT1 report_NN1 that_CST officially_RR refutes_VVZ Pakeha_NP1 New_JJ Zealanders_NP1 '_GE most_RGT cherished_JJ myth_NN1 of_IO *"_" we_PPIS2 are_VBR all_RR one_MC1 people_NN ._. **"_" ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Having_VHG established_VVN that_CST the_AT incident_NN1 known_VVN as_II He_PPHS1 Taua_NP1 and_CC the_AT Haka_NP1 party_NN (_( or_CC the_AT Engineers_NN2 '_GE mistake_NN1 **"_" **[_NULL sic_RR **]_NULL )_) was_VBDZ the_AT catalyst_NN1 behind_II the_AT publication_NN1 of_IO *1_NULL Race_NN1 Against_II Time_NNT1 ,_, *0_NULL it_PPH1 would_VM seem_VVI appropriate_JJ to_TO try_VVI and_CC analyse_VVI the_AT social_JJ dynamics_NN between_II Maori_NP1 and_CC Pakeha_NP1 in_II31 relation_II32 to_II33 this_DD1 incident_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Briefly_RR ,_, the_AT He_PPHS1 Taua_NP1 and_CC the_AT Haka_NP1 party_NN incident_NN1 involved_VVD a_AT1 confrontation_NN1 between_II an_AT1 ad_JJ21 hoc_JJ22 group_NN of_IO eleven_MC Maori_JJ of_IO varying_JJ backgrounds_NN2 and_CC a_AT1 group_NN of_IO Pakeha_NP1 engineering_NN1 students_NN2 who_PNQS were_VBDR practising_VVG a_AT1 mock_JJ haka_NN1 at_II the_AT engineering_NN1 school_NN1 situated_VVD at_II Auckland_NP1 University_NNL1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Maori_JJ group_NN subsequently_RR known_VVN as_II He_PPHS1 Taua_NP1 (_( war_NN1 party_NN )_) had_VHD gone_VVN to_II the_AT engineering_NN1 school_NN1 with_IW the_AT intention_NN1 of_IO remonstrating_VVG with_IW the_AT engineering_NN1 students_NN2 and_CC were_VBDR also_RR prepared_VVN to_TO remove_VVI the_AT grass_NN1 skirts_NN2 used_VVN as_CSA props_VVZ by_II the_AT students_NN2 if_CS necessary_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL As_CSA women_NN2 were_VBDR amongst_II the_AT He_PPHS1 Taua_NP1 group_NN ,_, including_II one_PN1 who_PNQS was_VBDZ pregnant_JJ ,_, violence_NN1 was_VBDZ not_XX anticipated_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT engineering_NN1 students_NN2 had_VHD traditionally_RR *'_" performed_VVN **'_" a_AT1 mock_JJ haka_NN1 as_II part_NN1 of_IO the_AT capping_NN1 celebrations_NN2 since_CS the_AT 1950s_MC2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Over_II the_AT years_NNT2 these_DD2 *'_" performances_NN2 **'_" had_VHD gradually_RR become_VV0 more_RRR and_CC more_RGR offensive_JJ and_CC distasteful_JJ to_II many_DA2 Maori_JJ and_CC Pakeha_NP1 alike_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, many_DA2 of_IO the_AT students_NN2 painted_VVN obscenities_NN2 and_CC sexist_NN1 slogans_NN2 on_II their_APPGE bodies_NN2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 the_AT following_JJ :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Some_DD also_RR drew_VVD the_AT outlines_NN2 of_IO genitals_NN2 on_II their_APPGE bodies_NN2 ,_, and_CC as_II a_AT1 further_JJR degradation_NN1 to_II the_AT mana_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 Maori_JJ warrior_NN1 ,_, persisted_VVD in_II the_AT wearing_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 type_NN1 of_IO Polynesian_JJ grass_NN1 skirt_NN1 which_DDQ was_VBDZ generally_RR assigned_VVN to_II women_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Added_VVN to_II these_DD2 defilements_NN2 are_VBR the_AT actual_JJ phrases_NN2 and_CC actions_NN2 used_VVN in_II the_AT *'_" performances_NN2 **'_" :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Clearly_RR ,_, any_DD person_NN1 of_IO sensitivity_NN1 ,_, having_VHG witnessed_VVN such_DA antics_NN2 as_CSA described_VVN above_RL would_VM find_VVI them_PPHO2 gross_JJ and_CC coarse_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ also_RR clear_JJ that_CST a_AT1 Maori_JJ observer_NN1 would_VM understandably_RR feel_VVI the_AT flagrant_JJ insult_NN1 to_II his_APPGE or_CC her_APPGE culture_NN1 on_II a_AT1 much_RR deeper_JJR level_NN1 than_CSN a_AT1 Pakeha_NP1 observer_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL However_RR ,_, the_AT depth_NN1 of_IO the_AT insult_NN1 to_II the_AT Maori_NP1 can_VM not_XX be_VBI fully_RR realised_VVN until_CS one_PN1 considers_VVZ the_AT cultural_JJ significance_NN1 of_IO the_AT Haka_NP1 :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL With_IW this_DD1 partial_JJ insight_NN1 into_II the_AT cultural_JJ significance_NN1 of_IO the_AT haka_NN1 it_PPH1 becomes_VVZ even_RR more_RGR apparent_JJ why_RRQ the_AT He_PPHS1 Taua_NP1 group_NN decided_VVD to_TO confront_VVI the_AT engineering_NN1 students_NN2 in_II an_AT1 effort_NN1 to_TO put_VVI a_AT1 halt_NN1 to_II future_JJ mock_JJ haka_NN1 *'_" performances_NN2 **'_" ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 should_VM also_RR be_VBI noted_VVN that_CST the_AT engineering_NN1 students_NN2 had_VHD received_VVN a_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO written_JJ complaints_NN2 over_II the_AT years_NNT2 regarding_II the_AT *'_" performances_NN2 **'_" of_IO the_AT mock_JJ haka_NN1 ,_, from_II the_AT Maori_JJ Club_NNJ and_CC Students_NN2 Association_NNJ at_II the_AT University_NN1 ,_, and_CC that_CST these_DD2 letters_NN2 had_VHD been_VBN ignored_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL Why_RRQ then_RT did_VDD the_AT engineering_NN1 students_NN2 continue_VV0 to_TO deride_VVI Maori_JJ people_NN by_II making_VVG such_DA a_AT1 mockery_NN1 of_IO the_AT haka_NN1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL In_II31 response_II32 to_II33 this_DD1 query_NN1 several_DA2 possible_JJ explanations_NN2 may_VM seem_VVI pertinent_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Reasons_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 sheer_JJ insensitivity_NN1 and_CC ignorance_NN1 of_IO Maori_JJ culture_NN1 ,_, racial_JJ intolerance_NN1 and_CC prejudice_NN1 and_CC Donna_NP1 Awatere_NP1 's_GE affirmation_NN1 of_IO white_JJ hatred_NN1 (_( 1984_MC )_) all_DB seem_VV0 plausible_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Such_DA explanations_NN2 ,_, however_RR ,_, would_VM not_XX be_VBI satisfactory_JJ for_IF the_AT upholders_NN2 of_IO the_AT *"_" we_PPIS2 are_VBR one_MC1 people_NN **"_" myth_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL From_II this_DD1 point_NN1 of_IO view_NN1 the_AT engineering_NN1 students_NN2 '_GE mock_JJ haka_NN1 performances_NN2 would_VM probably_RR be_VBI seen_VVN as_II a_AT1 mere_JJ adolescent_JJ prank_NN1 ,_, albeit_CS lacking_JJ in_II taste_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT Maori_JJ reaction_NN1 as_CSA inappropriate_JJ and_CC over-sensitive_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Indeed_RR ,_, several_DA2 submissions_NN2 to_II *1_NULL Race_NN1 Against_II Time_NNT1 *0_NULL echo_VV0 this_DD1 sentiment_NN1 ,_, as_CSA the_AT following_JJ quote_NN1 illustrates_VVZ :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT type_NN1 of_IO attitude_NN1 expressed_VVN in_II the_AT above_JJ quote_NN1 shows_VVZ an_AT1 intolerance_NN1 of_IO and_CC an_AT1 unwillingness_NN1 to_TO try_VVI to_TO understand_VVI the_AT minority_NN1 Maori_JJ culture_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Such_DA attitudes_NN2 can_VM ultimately_RR be_VBI traced_VVN back_RP to_II the_AT Higher_JJR Chain_NN1 of_IO Being_VBG Theory_NN1 with_IW the_AT apex_NN1 being_VBG western_JJ European_JJ *1_NULL man_NN1 ;_; *0_NULL a_AT1 theory_NN1 which_DDQ was_VBDZ firmly_RR implanted_VVN in_II the_AT European_JJ colonisers_NN2 of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT colonists_NN2 ,_, secure_JJ in_II their_APPGE conviction_NN1 of_IO white_JJ supremacy_NN1 looked_VVN on_II the_AT ignorant_JJ natives_NN2 in_II what_DDQ they_PPHS2 believed_VVD was_VBDZ a_AT1 benign_JJ fashion_NN1 and_CC had_VHD a_AT1 conscientious_JJ and_CC deliberate_JJ policy_NN1 to_TO free_VVI them_PPHO2 from_II their_APPGE savagery_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Assimilation_NN1 was_VBDZ that_DD1 policy_NN1 and_CC it_PPH1 was_VBDZ officially_RR endorsed_VVN having_VHG been_VBN written_VVN into_II the_AT first_MD Colonial_JJ Ordinance_NP1 specifically_RR aimed_VVD at_II promoting_VVG Maori_JJ welfare_NN1 :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL This_DD1 type_NN1 of_IO paternalistic_JJ racism_NN1 on_II which_DDQ early_JJ race_NN1 relations_NN2 in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 were_VBDR based_VVN has_VHZ laid_VVN the_AT foundations_NN2 for_IF the_AT present-day_JJ situation_NN1 of_IO institutionalised_JJ racism_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL As_CSA \_NULL G.Nair_NP1 of_IO the_AT Auckland_NP1 Committee_NNJ on_II Racism_NN1 and_CC Discrimination_NN1 points_VVZ out_RP :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT subject_NN1 of_IO institutionalised_JJ discrimination_NN1 is_VBZ also_RR discussed_VVN in_II *1_NULL Race_NN1 Against_II Time_NNT1 *0_NULL where_RRQ it_PPH1 is_VBZ stated_VVN :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT influence_NN1 of_IO the_AT dominant_JJ Pakeha_NP1 majority_NN has_VHZ become_VVN so_RG pervasive_JJ that_CST its_APPGE members_NN2 genuinely_RR believe_VV0 that_DD1 theirs_PPGE is_VBZ the_AT right_NN and_CC proper_JJ way_NN1 of_IO doing_VDG things_NN2 ._. ^ (_( \_NULL p42_FU )_) **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ also_RR stated_VVN that_CST :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Statements_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 the_AT above_JJ quotes_NN2 can_VM be_VBI validated_VVN by_II examining_VVG the_AT statistical_JJ data_NN on_II educational_JJ attainment_NN1 ,_, employment_NN1 and_CC crime_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, the_AT figures_NN2 on_II employment_NN1 quoted_VVN in_II *1_NULL Race_NN1 Against_II Time_NNT1 *0_NULL show_NN1 that_CST in_II 1976_MC **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT racial_JJ tensions_NN2 and_CC cross-cultural_JJ misunderstandings_NN2 which_DDQ resulted_VVD in_II the_AT Race_NN1 Relations_NN2 Conciliator_NN1 's_VBZ publishing_VVG *1_NULL Race_NN1 Against_II Time_NNT1 *0_NULL can_VM thus_RR to_II a_AT1 large_JJ degree_NN1 be_VBI attributed_VVN to_II the_AT lengthy_JJ and_CC insidious_JJ campaign_NN1 of_IO assimilation_NN1 carried_VVD out_RP by_II the_AT dominant_JJ Pakeha_NP1 culture_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 campaign_NN1 which_DDQ has_VHZ resulted_VVN in_II a_AT1 mono-cultural_JJ society_NN where_RRQ institutionalised_JJ discrimination_NN1 and_CC inequalities_NN2 are_VBR dismissed_VVN lightly_RR ,_, after_II all_DB *"_" we_PPIS2 are_VBR all_RR one_MC1 people_NN **"_" and_CC therefore_RR ,_, have_VH0 equal_JJ opportunities_NN2 !_! ^ ^_NULL In_II other_JJ words_NN2 ,_, the_AT social_JJ dynamics_NN between_II Maori_NP1 and_CC Pakeha_NP1 which_DDQ impelled_VVD the_AT Race_NN1 Relations_NN2 Conciliator_NN1 to_TO publish_VVI *1_NULL Race_NN1 Against_II Time_NNT1 *0_NULL can_VM be_VBI said_VVN to_TO have_VHI been_VBN based_VVN on_II a_AT1 myth_NN1 ;_; the_AT myth_NN1 of_IO *"_" ^_NULL He_PPHS1 iwi_NN2 tahi_NN2 tatou_NN1 **"_" ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 253+TEXT+G66_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL *4_NULL At_RR21 last_RR22 ,_, we_PPIS2 New_JJ Zealanders_NP1 are_VBR beginning_VVG to_TO understand_VVI the_AT implications_NN2 of_IO our_APPGE non-nuclear_JJ stand_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 seemed_VVD a_AT1 great_JJ idea_NN1 at_II the_AT time_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Remember_VV0 when_RRQ David_NP1 Lange_NP1 stood_VVD up_II21 to_II22 Jerry_NP1 Falwell_NP1 and_CC made_VVD New_NP Zealand_NP1 's_GE voice_NN1 of_IO peace_NN1 against_II the_AT forces_NN2 of_IO intolerant_JJ darkness_NN1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL Did_VDD n't_XX it_PPH1 make_VVI you_PPY proud_JJ to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 New_JJ Zealander_NP1 to_TO see_VVI the_AT nuclear_JJ accident_NN1 at_II Chernobyl_NP1 seemingly_RR confirm_VV0 the_AT dangers_NN2 of_IO nuclear_JJ energy_NN1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL What_DDQ more_RRR needed_VVN to_TO be_VBI said_VVN ?_? ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Well_RR ,_, in_II fact_NN1 ,_, there_EX was_VBDZ a_PN21 lot_PN22 more_RRR to_II it_PPH1 than_CSN that_DD1 ._. ^ ^_NULL By_II the_AT time_NNT1 this_DD1 magazine_NN1 appears_VVZ on_II the_AT newsstands_NN2 ,_, the_AT defence_NN1 review_NN1 committee_NNJ chaired_VVD by_II \_NULL Mr_NNB Frank_NP1 Corner_NN1 will_VM probably_RR have_VHI reported_VVN on_II some_DD of_IO the_AT implications_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Defence_NN1 cost_VVD us_PPIO2 *+_NULL $900_NNU million_NNO last_MD year_NNT1 ,_, or_CC around_II 2%_NNU of_IO our_APPGE gross_JJ domestic_JJ product_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Government_NNJ has_VHZ said_VVN ,_, in_II its_APPGE defence_NN1 review_NN1 paper_NN1 ,_, that_CST it_PPH1 *"_" intends_VVZ to_TO forge_VVI greater_JJR self-reliance_NN1 in_II our_APPGE defence_NN1 policy_NN1 ._. **"_" ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 added_VVD :_: *"_" ^_NULL It_PPH1 can_VM be_VBI expected_VVN that_CST a_AT1 policy_NN1 of_IO greater_JJR national_JJ self-reliance_NN1 will_VM involve_VVI greater_JJR outlays_NN2 on_II defence_NN1 ._. **"_" ^ ^_NULL Under_II the_AT umbrella_NN1 of_IO American_JJ protection_NN1 for_IF the_AT last_MD 40_MC years_NNT2 ,_, it_PPH1 suggests_VVZ ,_, we_PPIS2 have_VH0 had_VHN defence_NN1 on_II the_AT cheap_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Now_RT we_PPIS2 may_VM be_VBI forced_VVN to_TO take_VVI defence_NN1 more_RGR seriously_RR ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL But_CCB the_AT question_NN1 must_VM be_VBI asked_VVN first_MD :_: to_II what_DDQ purpose_NN1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL The_AT answer_NN1 would_VM be_VBI clear_JJ enough_RR if_CS we_PPIS2 lived_VVD in_RP ,_, say_VV0 ,_, Israel_NP1 ,_, Iran_NP1 ,_, Nicaragua_NP1 or_CC Mozambique_NP1 ,_, where_CS the_AT ability_NN1 of_IO local_JJ people_NN to_TO choose_VVI their_APPGE own_DA political_JJ future_NN1 is_VBZ being_VBG directly_RR threatened_VVN by_II outside_JJ military_JJ force_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB we_PPIS2 do_VD0 not_XX live_VVI in_II any_DD of_IO those_DD2 countries_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL For_IF 40_MC years_NNT2 ,_, most_RGT New_JJ Zealanders_NP1 supported_VVD the_AT Anzus_NP1 alliance_NN1 because_CS there_EX did_VDD seem_VVI to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 real_JJ threat_NN1 ,_, even_RR to_II us_PPIO2 ,_, from_II the_AT forces_NN2 of_IO world_NN1 communism_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB there_EX is_VBZ evidence_NN1 that_CST now_RT many_DA2 of_IO us_PPIO2 have_VH0 changed_VVN our_APPGE minds_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT defence_NN1 review_NN1 paper_NN1 states_VVZ that_CST *"_" ^_NULL New_NP Zealand_NP1 is_VBZ in_II the_AT remarkable_JJ position_NN1 of_IO not_XX being_VBG threatened_VVN by_II ,_, and_CC not_XX itself_PPX1 being_VBG threatening_JJ to_TO ,_, any_DD other_JJ nation_NN1 ._. **"_" ^ ^_NULL Russia_NP1 ,_, these_DD2 days_NNT2 ,_, seems_VVZ as_RG keen_JJ as_CSA America_NP1 was_VBDZ 10_MC years_NNT2 ago_RA to_TO escape_VVI from_II its_APPGE remaining_JJ entanglements_NN2 in_II Afghanistan_NP1 and_CC elsewhere_RL ._. ^ ^_NULL Throughout_II the_AT developed_JJ world_NN1 ,_, there_EX has_VHZ been_VBN a_AT1 resurgence_NN1 of_IO popular_JJ sentiment_NN1 against_II nuclear_JJ weapons_NN2 which_DDQ has_VHZ not_XX been_VBN as_RG strong_JJ since_CS the_AT days_NNT2 in_II the_AT 1950s_MC2 when_RRQ the_AT threat_NN1 of_IO global_JJ nuclear_JJ destruction_NN1 first_MD arose_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Vietnam_NP1 War_NN1 provided_VVD a_AT1 long_JJ distraction_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB now_RT ,_, ordinary_JJ people_NN looking_VVG out_RP at_II the_AT world_NN1 ,_, from_II North_NP America_NP1 or_CC Europe_NP1 no_AT less_DAR than_CSN from_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 ,_, feel_VV0 that_CST the_AT greatest_JJT danger_NN1 to_II their_APPGE freedom_NN1 is_VBZ no_RR21 longer_RR22 world_NN1 communism_NN1 ,_, but_CCB nuclear_JJ annihilation_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ no_RR21 doubt_RR22 that_CST our_APPGE present_JJ Government_NNJ shares_NN2 this_DD1 view_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL David_NP1 Lange_NP1 put_VVD it_PPH1 in_RP surprisingly_RR nationalistic_JJ tones_NN2 in_II a_AT1 recent_JJ speech_NN1 in_II Auckland_NP1 :_: *"_" ^_NULL We_PPIS2 believe_VV0 in_II a_AT1 strong_JJ ,_, free_JJ ,_, independent_JJ New_NP Zealand_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 believe_VV0 that_CST the_AT fate_NN1 of_IO the_AT world_NN1 should_VM not_XX be_VBI the_AT exclusive_JJ property_NN1 of_IO the_AT nuclear_JJ powers_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ ,_, for_REX21 instance_REX22 ,_, outrageous_JJ to_II us_PPIO2 that_CST the_AT defence_NN1 of_IO Western_NP1 Europe_NP1 is_VBZ based_VVN on_II Nato_NP1 's_GE promise_NN1 to_TO blow_VVI up_RP the_AT world_NN1 if_CS the_AT Russians_NN2 attack_VV0 them_PPHO2 with_IW overwhelming_JJ conventional_JJ force_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 have_VH0 no_AT right_JJ to_TO decide_VVI the_AT fate_NN1 of_IO all_DB the_AT rest_NN1 of_IO us_PPIO2 ._. **"_" ^ |_NULL ^_NULL He_PPHS1 asserted_VVD that_CST New_NP Zealand_NP1 had_VHD been_VBN forced_VVN to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 defence_NN1 *"_" colony_NN1 **"_" of_IO first_MD Britain_NP1 and_CC then_RT America_NP1 in_II the_AT days_NNT2 when_RRQ most_DAT of_IO our_APPGE trade_NN1 was_VBDZ with_IW Britain_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Now_CS21 that_CS22 Iran_NP1 was_VBDZ our_APPGE biggest_JJT customer_NN1 for_IF lamb_NN1 ,_, and_CC Australia_NP1 and_CC Japan_NP1 were_VBDR our_APPGE biggest_JJT overall_JJ markets_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 could_VM afford_VVI to_TO be_VBI more_RGR independent_JJ :_: *"_" ^_NULL We_PPIS2 are_VBR our_APPGE own_DA country_NN1 now_RT ._. **"_" ^ (_( ^_NULL We_PPIS2 saw_VVD what_DDQ this_DD1 meant_VVD when_RRQ ,_, in_II the_AT recent_JJ Libyan_JJ conflict_NN1 with_IW America_NP1 ,_, we_PPIS2 could_VM not_XX afford_VVI to_TO alienate_VVI either_DD1 side_NN1 for_II31 fear_II32 of_II33 trade_NN1 reprisals_NN2 ._. )_) ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Yet_RR still_RR Lange_NP1 clung_VVD to_II the_AT American_JJ alliance_NN1 *-_- on_II his_APPGE terms_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 did_VDD not_XX seek_VVI neutrality_NN1 ,_, but_CCB *"_" an_AT1 alliance_NN1 as_CSA it_PPH1 should_VM be_VBI ,_, a_AT1 cooperative_JJ expression_NN1 of_IO what_DDQ is_VBZ genuinely_RR our_APPGE common_JJ interest_NN1 ._. **"_" ^ ^_NULL *"_" We_PPIS2 have_VH0 talked_VVN (_( with_IW the_AT Americans_NN2 )_) to_II the_AT limit_NN1 of_IO human_JJ endurance_NN1 ,_, **"_" he_PPHS1 declaimed_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL *"_" We_PPIS2 have_VH0 explained_VVN that_CST New_NP Zealand_NP1 does_VDZ not_XX want_VVI to_TO be_VBI defended_VVN by_II nuclear_JJ weapons_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 have_VH0 explained_VVN that_CST we_PPIS2 accept_VV0 responsibility_NN1 for_IF our_APPGE own_DA defence_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 have_VH0 explained_VVN that_CST what_DDQ we_PPIS2 would_VM like_VVI is_VBZ some_DD reciprocal_JJ assurance_NN1 in_II regional_JJ security_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 cooperative_JJ approach_NN1 to_II regional_JJ development_NN1 ._. **"_" ^ |_NULL ^_NULL His_PPGE *-_- and_CC our_APPGE *-_- problem_NN1 is_VBZ that_CST things_NN2 look_VV0 quite_RG different_JJ from_II Washington_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL To_II Americans_NN2 ,_, there_EX *2_NULL IS_VBZ *0_NULL still_RR a_AT1 real_JJ and_CC immediate_JJ threat_NN1 from_II the_AT Soviet_JJ Union_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL American_JJ policy_NN1 is_VBZ ,_, therefore_RR ,_, founded_VVD upon_II the_AT only_JJ form_NN1 of_IO defence_NN1 which_DDQ can_VM deter_VVI a_AT1 Soviet_JJ nuclear_JJ attack_NN1 ,_, namely_REX ,_, a_AT1 nuclear_JJ umbrella_NN1 to_TO protect_VVI the_AT United_NP States_NP1 and_CC its_APPGE allies_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT view_NN1 from_II the_AT Beehive_NN1 has_VHZ now_RT diverged_VVN so_RG far_RR from_II this_DD1 that_CST Lange_NP1 was_VBDZ able_JK to_TO tell_VVI his_APPGE Auckland_NP1 audience_NN :_: *"_" ^_NULL The_AT United_NP States_NP1 sees_VVZ the_AT Anzus_NP1 alliance_NN1 in_II31 terms_II32 of_II33 the_AT global_JJ projection_NN1 of_IO its_APPGE nuclear_JJ power_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL If_CS that_DD1 is_VBZ really_RR all_DB there_EX is_VBZ to_II Anzus_NP1 ,_, there_EX is_VBZ no_AT point_NN1 in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 being_VBG in_II it_PPH1 ._. **"_" ^ |_NULL ^_NULL But_CCB if_CS not_XX ,_, where_RRQ does_VDZ that_DD1 leave_VVI us_PPIO2 ?_? ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 are_VBR clearly_RR not_XX about_RPK to_TO swing_VVI to_II the_AT opposite_JJ extreme_JJ and_CC join_VVI up_RP with_IW the_AT communist_JJ bloc_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Quite_RG apart_II21 from_II22 our_APPGE cultural_JJ ties_NN2 with_IW the_AT West_NP1 ,_, our_APPGE trade_NN1 is_VBZ still_RR predominantly_RR with_IW American_JJ allies_NN2 in_II Australia_NP1 ,_, Japan_NP1 ,_, Europe_NP1 and_CC North_NP America_NP1 itself_PPX1 ._. ^ ^_NULL \_NULL Dr_NNB Ken_NP1 Graham_NP1 ,_, of_IO the_AT Ministry_NNJ of_IO Foreign_JJ Affairs_NN2 ,_, has_VHZ suggested_VVN that_CST we_PPIS2 should_VM forge_VVI an_AT1 entirely_RR new_JJ foreign_JJ policy_NN1 based_VVN on_II the_AT joint_JJ security_NN1 of_IO the_AT world_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Lange_NP1 ,_, however_RR ,_, and_CC many_DA2 of_IO the_AT people_NN who_PNQS made_VVD submissions_NN2 to_II the_AT Corner_NN1 committee_NNJ ,_, would_VM prefer_VVI to_TO maintain_VVI some_DD sort_NN1 of_IO tie_NN1 with_IW the_AT West_NP1 ,_, with_IW arrangements_NN2 for_IF joint_JJ security_NN1 confined_VVD to_II Australia_NP1 and_CC the_AT Pacific_NP Islands_NNL2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Under_II either_DD1 of_IO these_DD2 options_NN2 ,_, they_PPHS2 hope_VV0 we_PPIS2 can_VM get_VVI away_RP with_IW a_AT1 strictly_RR local_JJ defence_NN1 force_VV0 capable_JJ of_IO operating_VVG no_AT further_RRR afield_RL than_CSN ,_, say_VV0 ,_, Rarotonga_NP1 and_CC Darwin_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT defence_NN1 review_NN1 paper_NN1 suggested_VVD that_CST *"_" in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 circumstances_NN2 ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ not_XX likely_JJ that_CST the_AT Australian_JJ total_NN1 (_( defence_NN1 spending_NN1 )_) of_IO 3%_NNU of_IO {_NULL GDP_NN1 }_NULL will_VM be_VBI acceptable_JJ or_CC necessary_JJ ._. **"_" ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT question_NN1 then_RT is_VBZ whether_CSW the_AT Australians_NN2 *-_- now_RT ever_RR more_RGR Americanised_JJ *-_- would_VM be_VBI happy_JJ to_TO defend_VVI us_PPIO2 if_CS we_PPIS2 failed_VVD to_TO pay_VVI our_APPGE full_JJ share_NN1 of_IO the_AT price_NN1 of_IO defending_VVG Australasia_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL If_CS they_PPHS2 insist_VV0 that_CST we_PPIS2 should_VM do_VDI more_RRR ,_, we_PPIS2 might_VM wonder_VVI whether_CSW ,_, say_VV0 ,_, a_ZZ1 50%_NNU increase_NN1 in_II defence_NN1 spending_VVG from_II 2_MC to_II 3%_NNU of_IO {_NULL GDP_NN1 }_NULL is_VBZ really_RR the_AT most_RGT useful_JJ way_NN1 to_TO spend_VVI *+_NULL $450_NNU million_NNO ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT end_NN1 it_PPH1 may_VM be_VBI that_CST the_AT logic_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE new-found_JJ *"_" independence_NN1 **"_" and_CC the_AT perception_NN1 that_CST there_EX is_VBZ now_RT no_AT foreseeable_JJ threat_NN1 to_II our_APPGE security_NN1 could_VM force_VVI us_PPIO2 to_TO question_VVI the_AT value_NN1 of_IO retaining_VVG any_DD military_JJ alliance_NN1 even_RR with_IW Australia_NP1 *-_- or_CC ,_, indeed_RR ,_, of_IO maintaining_VVG any_DD military_JJ force_NN1 at_RR21 all_RR22 ,_, beyond_II fisheries_NN2 patrol_VV0 work_NN1 for_IF ourselves_PPX2 and_CC the_AT Pacific_NP Islands_NNL2 ._. ^ *<_NULL *2_NULL BIRTH_NN1 CONTROL_NN1 :_: A_ZZ1 WOMEN_NN2 'S_GE ACHIEVEMENT_NN1 *>_NULL ^ *<_NULL *0_NULL Elsie_NP1 Locke_NP1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL As_II a_AT1 historian_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 am_VBM often_RR bemused_JJ and_CC sometimes_RT disconcerted_VVD when_RRQ history_NN1 is_VBZ enlisted_VVN in_II31 aid_II32 of_II33 good_JJ causes_NN2 with_IW minimal_JJ attention_NN1 to_II the_AT facts_NN2 of_IO what_DDQ really_RR happened_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 short-cut_NN1 is_VBZ adopted_VVN :_: fitting_NN1 into_II the_AT framework_NN1 of_IO the_AT past_NN1 what_DDQ is_VBZ presumed_VVN to_TO have_VHI happened_VVN to_TO produce_VVI the_AT present_JJ state_NN1 of_IO affairs_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT process_NN1 is_VBZ taken_VVN to_II its_APPGE extreme_JJ in_II the_AT *"_" plot_NN1 **"_" theory_NN1 of_IO history_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ attributes_VVZ to_II all_DB the_AT members_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 particular_JJ class_NN1 ,_, culture_NN1 ,_, race_NN1 ,_, nation_NN1 or_CC sex_NN1 a_AT1 coherent_JJ strategy_NN1 for_IF the_AT oppression_NN1 of_IO others_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Some_DD advocates_NN2 of_IO Maori_JJ sovereignty_NN1 ,_, for_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, present_NN1 the_AT Pakeha_NP1 takeover_NN1 of_IO Aotearoa_NP1 as_CSA following_VVG a_AT1 coordinated_JJ plan_NN1 in_II which_DDQ missionaries_NN2 ,_, traders_NN2 ,_, officials_NN2 \_NULL etc._RA played_VVD out_RP their_APPGE allotted_JJ roles_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Given_VVN the_AT immense_JJ variety_NN1 of_IO human_JJ situations_NN2 and_CC opinions_NN2 ,_, this_DD1 is_VBZ an_AT1 impossibility_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Our_APPGE forebears_NN2 in_II their_APPGE many_DA2 roles_NN2 were_VBDR as_RG bamboozled_JJ about_II their_APPGE current_JJ events_NN2 as_CSA we_PPIS2 are_VBR today_RT ._. ^ ^_NULL People_NN act_NN1 ,_, and_CC have_VH0 always_RR acted_VVN ,_, whether_CSW from_II motives_NN2 of_IO self-interest_NN1 ,_, sectional_JJ interest_NN1 ,_, high_JJ ideals_NN2 or_CC whatever_DDQV ,_, in_II41 the_II42 light_II43 of_II44 what_DDQ seems_VVZ best_JJR at_II the_AT time_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ never_RR easy_JJ to_TO foresee_VVI the_AT consequences_NN2 of_IO our_APPGE actions_NN2 ,_, or_CC to_TO understand_VVI the_AT driving_JJ force_NN1 rooted_VVD more_RGR deeply_RR in_II human_JJ necessity_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT difficulty_NN1 is_VBZ that_CST if_CS we_PPIS2 over-simplify_VV0 ,_, if_CS we_PPIS2 fail_VV0 to_TO appreciate_VVI the_AT complexity_NN1 of_IO life_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 lose_VV0 the_AT chance_NN1 to_TO learn_VVI from_II experience_NN1 ;_; and_CC since_CS past_RL and_CC present_NN1 are_VBR inextricably_RR linked_VVN ,_, to_TO jump_VVI to_II inadequate_JJ conclusions_NN2 about_II one_PN1 is_VBZ liable_JJ to_TO reinforce_VVI inadequate_JJ conclusions_NN2 about_II the_AT other_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT spark_NN1 which_DDQ has_VHZ set_VVN me_PPIO1 off_RP on_II these_DD2 general_JJ observations_NN2 is_VBZ the_AT article_NN1 on_II depo_NN1 provera_NN1 ,_, *"_" Shot_VVN Between_II the_AT Thighs_NN2 **"_" ,_, by_II Sally_NP1 Washington_NP1 in_II the_AT first_MD issue_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 journal_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 am_VBM not_XX taking_VVG issue_NN1 with_IW her_PPHO1 on_II depo_NN1 provera_NN1 ,_, or_CC on_II the_AT control_NN1 and_CC handling_VVG by_II big_JJ business_NN1 of_IO contraceptive_JJ supplies_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL My_APPGE question_NN1 is_VBZ :_: can_VM we_PPIS2 attribute_VVI the_AT whole_JJ sorry_JJ story_NN1 to_II the_AT machinations_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 male_JJ capitalist_NN1 patriarchy_NN1 ?_? ^ |_NULL ^_NULL To_TO strengthen_VVI her_APPGE claim_NN1 that_CST it_PPH1 must_VM be_VBI so_RG ,_, Washington_NP1 actually_RR gives_VVZ the_AT credit_NN1 as_CC31 well_CC32 as_CC33 the_AT discredit_NN1 for_IF what_DDQ has_VHZ gone_VVN before_CS to_II this_DD1 same_DA patriarchy_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL After_II writing_VVG (_( \_NULL p._NNU 86_MC ,_, \_NULL col._NNU 1_MC1 )_) that_DD1 *"_" control_NN1 of_IO fertility_NN1 is_VBZ thus_RR an_AT1 essential_JJ condition_NN1 of_IO women_NN2 gaining_VVG control_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE lives_NN2 **"_" ,_, she_PPHS1 goes_VVZ on_RP to_TO say_VVI :_: *"_" ^_NULL The_AT development_NN1 and_CC distribution_NN1 of_IO modern_JJ birth_NN1 control_NN1 technology_NN1 was_VBDZ not_XX carried_VVN out_RP by_II women_NN2 on_II31 behalf_II32 of_II33 women_NN2 ,_, but_CCB was_VBDZ a_AT1 tool_NN1 of_IO racist_NN1 and_CC patriarchal_JJ population_NN1 planners_NN2 ._. **"_" ^ ^_NULL So_RR *1_NULL they_PPHS2 *0_NULL fitted_VVD this_DD1 essential_JJ brick_NN1 ,_, birth_NN1 control_NN1 ,_, into_II the_AT growing_JJ edifice_NN1 of_IO women_NN2 's_GE liberation_NN1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL That_DD1 's_VBZ a_RR21 bit_RR22 contradictory_JJ ,_, is_VBZ n't_XX it_PPH1 ?_? ^ |_NULL ^_NULL But_CCB of_RR21 course_RR22 it_PPH1 is_VBZ not_XX true_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Overwhelmingly_NP1 ,_, the_AT pioneers_NN2 of_IO birth_NN1 control_NN1 ,_, who_PNQS had_VHD to_TO face_VVI the_AT wrath_NN1 of_IO the_AT law_NN1 and_CC the_AT opprobrium_NN1 of_IO worthy_JJ citizens_NN2 ,_, were_VBDR women_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL True_JJ ,_, men_NN2 were_VBDR first_MD in_II the_AT public_JJ eye_NN1 :_: Francis_NP Place_NNL1 who_PNQS published_VVD handbills_NN2 for_IF the_AT British_JJ working_JJ class_NN1 in_II 1822_MC ;_; Robert_NP1 Dale_NP1 Owen_NP1 and_CC \_NULL Dr_NNB Charles_NP1 Knowlton_NP1 who_PNQS published_VVD their_APPGE works_NN in_II the_AT United_NP States_NP1 between_II 1828_MC and_CC 1832_MC ;_; Charles_NP1 Bradlaugh_NP1 who_PNQS stood_VVD trial_NN1 with_IW Annie_NP1 Besant_NP1 in_II 1877_MC (_( a_ZZ1 sensational_JJ trial_NN1 in_II which_DDQ both_DB2 were_VBDR acquitted_VVN )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB these_DD2 were_VBDR hardly_RR established_JJ figures_NN2 ;_; and_CC after_II them_PPHO2 came_VVD the_AT two_MC writers_NN2 and_CC activists_NN2 who_PNQS carried_VVD the_AT message_NN1 to_II millions_NNO2 *-_- both_RR women_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Margaret_NP1 Sanger_NP1 in_II America_NP1 founded_VVD the_AT National_JJ Birth_NN1 Control_NN1 League_NNJ in_II America_NP1 in_II 1914_MC ,_, and_CC opened_VVD the_AT first_MD clinic_NN1 in_II 1916_MC ;_; ^_NULL Marie_NP1 Stopes_NP1 in_II England_NP1 published_VVD her_APPGE books_NN2 *1_NULL Married_JJ Love_NN1 *0_NULL and_CC *1_NULL Wise_JJ Parenthood_NN1 *0_NULL in_II 1918_MC ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT writings_NN2 of_IO these_DD2 two_MC famous_JJ pioneers_NN2 were_VBDR bitterly_RR reviled_VVN and_CC widely_RR read_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT atmosphere_NN1 had_VHD still_RR not_XX cleared_VVN when_RRQ the_AT first_MD steps_NN2 were_VBDR taken_VVN in_RP 1936_MC towards_II the_AT founding_NN1 in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 of_IO the_AT Family_NN Planning_NN1 Association_NNJ ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 speak_VV0 from_II personal_JJ experience_NN1 ,_, because_CS I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ there_RL ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II all_DB of_IO Wellington_NP1 and_CC the_AT Hutt_NP Valley_NNL1 we_PPIS2 could_VM find_VVI only_RR two_MC doctors_NN2 (_( both_RR male_JJ )_) who_PNQS were_VBDR willing_JJ to_TO have_VHI it_PPH1 known_VVN publicly_RR that_CST they_PPHS2 would_VM give_VVI birth_NN1 control_NN1 advice_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Our_APPGE proposals_NN2 that_CST women_NN2 leaving_VVG \_NULL St_NP Helen_NP1 's_GE Hospitals_NN2 after_II childbirth_NN1 should_VM be_VBI given_VVN elementary_JJ guidance_NN1 on_II family_NN limitation_NN1 (_( remember_VV0 these_DD2 were_VBDR hard_JJ times_NNT2 ,_, with_IW many_DA2 families_NN2 too_RG large_JJ for_IF comfort_NN1 )_) were_VBDR received_VVN in_II official_JJ quarters_NN2 with_IW shock_NN1 and_CC horror_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Today_RT birth_NN1 control_NN1 is_VBZ taken_VVN for_IF granted_VVN ;_; but_CCB it_PPH1 has_VHZ been_VBN an_AT1 uphill_JJ fight_NN1 all_DB the_AT way_NN1 *-_- and_CC definitely_RR a_ZZ1 women_NN2 's_GE crusade_NN1 ,_, with_IW the_AT dual_JJ aims_NN2 of_IO happier_JJR lives_NN2 for_IF women_NN2 and_CC their_APPGE families_NN2 ,_, and_CC of_IO freedom_NN1 from_II incessant_JJ childbearing_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Our_APPGE great-great-grandmothers_NN2 would_VM have_VHI been_VBN astonished_VVN to_TO learn_VVI that_CST before_CS birth_NN1 control_NN1 technology_NN1 *"_" women_NN2 had_VHD shared_VVN their_APPGE experiences_NN2 of_IO family_NN planning_NN1 and_CC passed_VVN on_II their_APPGE collective_JJ knowledge_NN1 through_II midwives_NN2 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL Was_VBDZ it_PPH1 by_II choice_NN1 ,_, then_RT ,_, that_CST they_PPHS2 bore_VV0 ten_MC to_II fifteen_MC children_NN2 ?_? ^ ^_NULL *"_" I_PPIS1 regret_VV0 to_TO tell_VVI you_PPY that_CST I_PPIS1 expect_VV0 to_TO be_VBI confined_VVN again_RT in_II November_NPM1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 trust_VV0 this_DD1 will_VM be_VBI the_AT last_MD occasion_NN1 as_CSA I_PPIS1 am_VBM heartily_RR sick_JJ of_IO the_AT business_NN1 **"_" wrote_VVD one_MC1 of_IO Wanganui_NP1 's_GE early_JJ settlers_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II those_DD2 days_NNT2 the_AT midwives_NN2 ,_, who_PNQS were_VBDR women_NN2 with_IW flair_NN1 and_CC experience_NN1 but_CCB no_AT real_JJ training_NN1 ,_, had_VHD no_AT advice_NN1 to_TO offer_VVI except_CS to_TO keep_VVI on_II breast-feeding_NN1 as_RG long_RR as_CSA possible_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL *"_" One_PN1 on_II the_AT breast_NN1 or_CC one_PN1 in_II the_AT belly_NN1 **"_" was_VBDZ the_AT state_NN1 of_IO many_DA2 wives_NN2 throughout_II those_DD2 child-bearing_JJ years_NNT2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II socialist_JJ circles_NN2 this_DD1 whole_JJ question_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN bedevilled_VVN by_II Marx_NP1 's_GE castigation_NN1 of_IO Malthus_NP1 ,_, and_CC the_AT use_NN1 by_II some_DD earlier_JJR advocates_NN2 of_IO birth_NN1 control_NN1 of_IO such_DA terms_NN2 as_CSA *"_" Malthusian_JJ **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL Malthus_NP1 ,_, however_RR ,_, had_VHD no_AT practical_JJ advice_NN1 to_TO offer_VVI on_II family_NN **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL limitation_NN1 ,_, only_JJ abstinence_NN1 or_CC later_JJR marriage_NN1 ;_; and_CC those_DD2 who_PNQS used_VVD his_APPGE name_NN1 were_VBDR not_XX really_RR concerned_JJ with_IW propounding_VVG his_APPGE political_JJ theories_NN2 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 254+TEXT+G67_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *6_NULL HANDS_NN2 UP_II ALL_DB *0_NULL those_DD2 closet_VV0 romantic_JJ novel_JJ readers_NN2 *-_- the_AT addicts_NN2 who_PNQS hover_VV0 over_II the_AT rental_NN1 fiction_NN1 in_II the_AT library_NN1 ;_; the_AT ones_NN2 who_PNQS get_VV0 their_APPGE weekly_JJ Mills_NN2 &_CC Boon_NP1 fix_NN1 from_II the_AT local_JJ book_NN1 exchange_NN1 in_II armfuls_NN2 ;_; who_PNQS have_VH0 little_JJ piles_NN2 of_IO formula_NN1 covers_NN2 facing_VVG the_AT bedroom_NN1 walls_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL And_CC we_PPIS2 feel_VV0 guilty_JJ about_II it_PPH1 ,_, right_RR ?_? ^ ^_NULL After_CS Enid_NP1 Blyton_NP1 we_PPIS2 were_VBDR meant_VVN to_TO graduate_VVI to_II *1_NULL real_JJ *0_NULL reading_NN1 ,_, not_XX stay_VV0 stuck_VVN in_II some_DD fictional_JJ ghetto_NN1 ,_, reliving_VVG the_AT same_DA tired_JJ plot_NN1 50_MC times_NNT2 a_AT1 year_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Nobody_PN1 says_VVZ a_AT1 word_NN1 if_CS someone_PN1 sinks_VVZ into_II a_AT1 good_JJ murder_NN1 mystery_NN1 to_TO blot_VVI out_RP a_AT1 hard_JJ day_NNT1 on_II the_AT bricks_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB romances_NN2 ?_? ^ ^_NULL Well_RR ,_, that_DD1 's_VBZ not_XX *1_NULL real_JJ *0_NULL writing_NN1 ,_, that_DD1 's_VBZ only_RR soppy_JJ women_NN2 's_GE stuff_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL You_PPY 're_VBR not_XX still_RR reading_VVG *1_NULL those_DD2 ,_, *0_NULL are_VBR you_PPY ?_? ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Well_RR ,_, yes_UH ._. ^ ^_NULL Reluctantly_NP1 ,_, endlessly_RR ,_, yes_UH ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 started_VVD in_II my_APPGE teens_NN2 ,_, as_RG did_VDD many_DA2 women_NN2 ,_, as_CSA part_NN1 of_IO the_AT difficult_JJ passage_NN1 into_II femininity_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Some_DD of_IO us_PPIO2 keep_NN1 reading_VVG romances_NN2 for_IF the_AT rest_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE lives_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 remember_VV0 vividly_RR a_AT1 moment_NN1 in_II one_MC1 of_IO those_DD2 private_JJ rental_NN1 libraries_NN2 when_RRQ I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ about_RG 15_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL Lots_PN of_IO hardbacks_NN2 lined_VVD the_AT walls_NN2 ,_, all_DB category_NN1 fiction_NN1 *-_- war_NN1 stories_NN2 ,_, westerns_NN2 ,_, mysteries_NN2 ,_, pulp_NN1 science_NN1 fiction_NN1 ,_, kids_NN2 '_GE stories_NN2 and_CC romances_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 group_NN of_IO white-haired_JJ women_NN2 ,_, their_APPGE lives_NN2 inconceivably_RR ancient_JJ to_II me_PPIO1 then_RT ,_, were_VBDR avidly_RR discussing_VVG the_AT eagerly_JJ awaited_JJ release_NN1 of_IO Georgette_NP1 Heyer_NP1 's_GE latest_JJT historical_JJ romance_NN1 ,_, sharing_VVG their_APPGE enjoyment_NN1 of_IO her_APPGE witty_JJ dialogue_NN1 ,_, entertaining_JJ characters_NN2 and_CC set_JJ piece_NN1 scenes_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 felt_VVD a_AT1 shared_JJ appreciation_NN1 with_IW those_DD2 women_NN2 of_IO the_AT talent_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 writer_NN1 in_II a_AT1 genre_NN1 whose_DDQGE writers_NN2 and_CC readers_NN2 were_VBDR looked_VVN down_RP on_RP from_II the_AT lofty_JJ heights_NN2 of_IO true_JJ literature_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL But_CCB when_CS it_PPH1 comes_VVZ to_II romance_NN1 novels_NN2 ,_, almost_RR everyone_PN1 is_VBZ on_II stilts_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Media_NN stories_NN2 about_II romance_NN1 writers_NN2 and_CC readers_NN2 are_VBR usually_RR patronising_VVG and_CC faintly_RR contemptuous_JJ ,_, although_CS tinged_VVN with_IW green_NN1 over_II the_AT dedicated_JJ readership_NN1 and_CC huge_JJ profits_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL English_JJ Lit_NN1 academics_NN2 write_VV0 screeds_NN2 about_II Janet_NP1 Frame_NN1 and_CC Keri_NP1 Hulme_NP1 ,_, but_CCB have_VH0 never_RR heard_VVN of_IO Essie_NP1 Summers_NP1 ,_, Daphne_NP1 Clair_NP1 or_CC Gloria_NP1 Bevan_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS sell_VV0 many_DA2 more_DAR books_NN2 and_CC get_VV0 translated_VVN into_II several_DA2 more_DAR languages_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX are_VBR thorough_JJ studies_NN2 of_IO detective_NN1 fiction_NN1 ,_, academic_JJ journals_NN2 devoted_VVD to_II westerns_NN2 ,_, serious_JJ arguments_NN2 about_II the_AT effects_NN2 on_II our_APPGE youth_NN of_IO Blyton_NP1 and_CC the_AT Hardy_JJ boys_NN2 ;_; but_CCB a_AT1 drought_NN1 when_CS it_PPH1 comes_VVZ to_II romance_NN1 novels_NN2 ,_, the_AT category_NN1 whose_DDQGE readers_NN2 spend_VV0 the_AT highest_RRT amount_VV0 per_II person_NN1 and_CC read_VVD the_AT most_DAT titles_NN2 in_II a_AT1 given_JJ time_NNT1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL And_CC it_PPH1 's_VBZ not_XX only_RR the_AT outside_JJ world_NN1 that_CST turns_VVZ up_RP its_APPGE nose_NN1 ,_, either_DD1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Friends_NN2 of_IO mine_PPGE struggle_NN1 to_TO understand_VVI the_AT continuing_JJ fascination_NN1 of_IO the_AT genre_NN1 for_IF me_PPIO1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 have_VH0 never_RR read_VVN romances_NN2 ,_, or_CC *"_" grew_VVD out_II21 of_II22 them_PPHO2 **"_" in_II their_APPGE late_JJ teens_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Other_JJ women_NN2 get_VV0 nagged_VVN by_II their_APPGE men_NN2 **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL -folk_JJ or_CC children_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 have_VH0 to_TO justify_VVI their_APPGE choice_NN1 in_II leisure_NN1 reading_VVG *-_- *"_" ^_NULL It_PPH1 's_VBZ no_AT different_JJ to_II all_DB your_APPGE new_JJ gadgets_NN2 **"_" or_CC *"_" ^_NULL I_PPIS1 learn_VV0 lots_RR about_II history_NN1 and_CC far_RR away_RP places_NN2 from_II my_APPGE romances_NN2 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL Either_RR that_DD1 or_CC we_PPIS2 hide_VV0 our_APPGE books_NN2 ,_, like_II a_AT1 drinker_NN1 tucking_VVG the_AT sherry_NN1 away_RL in_II her_APPGE underwear_NN1 drawer_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL None_PN of_IO this_DD1 ,_, of_RR21 course_RR22 ,_, helps_VVZ us_PPIO2 feel_VVI good_JJ about_II ourselves_PPX2 or_CC our_APPGE reading_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL But_CCB we_PPIS2 must_VM be_VBI getting_VVG something_PN1 from_II it_PPH1 to_TO buy_VVI more_RR21 than_RR22 170_MC million_NNO copies_NN2 of_IO Harlequin_NN1 romances_NN2 worldwide_RL in_II 1983_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC that_DD1 's_VBZ just_RR one_MC1 publisher_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Romances_NN2 hog_VV0 a_AT1 big_JJ share_NN1 of_IO the_AT paperback_NN1 market_NN1 *-_- one-third_MF of_IO all_DB new_JJ paperbacks_NN2 published_VVD each_DD1 month_NNT1 in_II the_AT {_NULL US_PPIO2 }_NULL ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL So_RR who_PNQS buys_VVZ all_DB these_DD2 romance_NN1 novels_NN2 ?_? ^ ^_NULL Not_XX just_RR the_AT romance-ridden_JJ teenagers_NN2 that_CST the_AT ignorant_JJ imagine_VV0 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT high-volume_JJ reader_NN1 of_IO romances_NN2 is_VBZ usually_RR between_II 25_MC and_CC 45_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL If_CS women_NN2 start_VV0 young_JJ ,_, they_PPHS2 usually_RR increase_VV0 their_APPGE reading_NN1 in_II the_AT years_NNT2 of_IO marriage_NN1 and_CC raising_VVG children_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Around_RG half_DB are_VBR in_II at_RR21 least_RR22 part-time_JJ paid_JJ work_NN1 ,_, two-thirds_MF are_VBR married_JJ ,_, and_CC most_RGT left_JJ school_NN1 around_RG 16_MC or_CC 17_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II America_NP1 ,_, about_II 9%_NNU of_IO Harlequin_NN1 readers_NN2 are_VBR black_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL So_RR there_EX are_VBR a_AT1 lot_NN of_IO us_PPIO2 ,_, from_II pretty_RG ordinary_JJ backgrounds_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Which_DDQ brings_VVZ us_PPIO2 to_II the_AT biggie_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Why_RRQ do_VD0 we_PPIS2 do_VDI it_PPH1 ?_? ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Well_RR ,_, I_PPIS1 know_VV0 why_RRQ I_PPIS1 do_VD0 ._. ^ ^_NULL To_TO relax_VVI and_CC escape_VVI when_RRQ I_PPIS1 'm_VBM stressed_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX 's_VBZ one-novel_JJ and_CC two-novel_JJ stress_NN1 and_CC one-every-night-for-a-fortnight_FU stress_VV0 ._. ^ ^_NULL Underneath_II all_DB the_AT work_NN1 hassles_NN2 and_CC day-to-day_JJ problems_NN2 is_VBZ the_AT continuous_JJ stress_NN1 of_IO surviving_VVG emotionally_RR as_II an_AT1 independent_JJ woman_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Like_II most_DAT women_NN2 ,_, I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ brought_VVN up_RP with_IW the_AT assumption_NN1 that_CST I_PPIS1 'd_VM get_VVI married_VVN and_CC have_VH0 a_AT1 husband_NN1 to_TO solve_VVI my_APPGE problems_NN2 for_IF me_PPIO1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB I_PPIS1 decided_VVD not_XX to_TO get_VVI married_VVN or_CC have_VH0 children_NN2 when_RRQ I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ in_II my_APPGE teens_NN2 and_CC I_PPIS1 have_VH0 n't_XX changed_VVN my_APPGE mind_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL So_RR when_RRQ I_PPIS1 'm_VBM tired_JJ of_IO being_VBG responsible_JJ for_IF my_APPGE own_DA life_NN1 ,_, romance_NN1 novels_NN2 let_VVD me_PPIO1 escape_NN1 to_II a_AT1 world_NN1 where_RRQ I_PPIS1 can_VM identify_VVI with_IW the_AT heroine_NN1 's_GE eventual_JJ reliance_NN1 on_II the_AT hero_NN1 ,_, without_IW feeling_VVG guilty_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *6_NULL OTHER_JJ READERS_NN2 I_PPIS1 'VE_VH0 *0_NULL talked_VVN to_TO have_VHI their_APPGE own_DA preferences_NN2 among_II the_AT many_DA2 romance_NN1 sub-genres_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Mine_PPGE is_VBZ for_IF historical_JJ romances_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Middle_JJ Ages_NN2 seem_VV0 too_RG early_JJ to_TO be_VBI relevant_JJ to_II me_PPIO1 ,_, and_CC the_AT 20th_MD century_NNT1 gives_VVZ the_AT heroine_NN1 too_RG many_DA2 of_IO the_AT choices_NN2 I_PPIS1 'm_VBM battling_VVG with_IW in_II real_JJ life_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL So_RR I_PPIS1 read_VVD the_AT ones_NN2 in_RL21 between_RL22 ,_, usually_RR *"_" Regencies_NP1 **"_" ,_, a_AT1 period_NN1 pioneered_VVD by_II Georgette_NP1 Heyer_NP1 and_CC mined_VVD with_IW varying_JJ success_NN1 ever_RR since_RR ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Historical_JJ romances_NN2 invariably_RR focus_VV0 on_II upper_JJ class_NN1 heroines_NN2 who_PNQS are_VBR often_RR bereft_VVN of_IO family_NN ,_, short_JJ of_IO money_NN1 ,_, and_CC forced_VVD to_TO make_VVI their_APPGE own_DA way_NN1 in_II the_AT world_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT women_NN2 in_II the_AT novels_NN2 I_PPIS1 like_VV0 have_VH0 not_XX yet_RR married_VVN because_CS they_PPHS2 are_VBR too_RG poor_JJ ,_, too_RG plain_JJ ,_, too_RG outspoken_JJ ,_, too_RG intellectual_JJ or_CC too_RG independent_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 meet_VV0 a_AT1 man_NN1 and_CC build_VV0 a_AT1 friendship_NN1 ,_, starting_VVG sometimes_RT from_II a_AT1 seeming_JJ dislike_NN1 and_CC sometimes_RT from_II a_AT1 shared_JJ sense_NN1 of_IO humour_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Obstacles_NN2 arise_VV0 and_CC are_VBR removed_VVN until_II the_AT two_MC admit_VV0 their_APPGE love_NN1 for_IF one_PPX121 another_PPX122 and_CC decide_VV0 to_TO marry_VVI ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT hero_NN1 's_VBZ love_NN1 for_IF the_AT heroine_NN1 eliminates_VVZ the_AT differences_NN2 between_II them_PPHO2 of_IO wealth_NN1 ,_, power_NN1 ,_, physical_JJ strength_NN1 and_CC social_JJ status_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 are_VBR equal_JJ in_II their_APPGE emotional_JJ need_NN1 for_IF each_PPX221 other_PPX222 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 will_VM not_XX beat_VVI her_PPHO1 ,_, ignore_VV0 her_APPGE ,_, be_VBI unfaithful_JJ ,_, rule_NN1 her_APPGE life_NN1 ,_, curb_VV0 her_APPGE unconventional_JJ habits_NN2 or_CC treat_VV0 her_APPGE as_RG other_JJ women_NN2 are_VBR treated_VVN ,_, because_CS he_PPHS1 *1_NULL loves_VVZ *0_NULL her_PPHO1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 identifies_VVZ with_IW her_APPGE plight_NN1 ,_, and_CC sometimes_RT defends_VVZ her_PPHO1 to_II others_NN2 of_IO his_APPGE class_NN1 who_PNQS hold_VV0 the_AT same_DA attitudes_NN2 he_PPHS1 did_VDD about_II such_DA independent/_FO bossy/_FO plain/_FO intellectual_JJ women_NN2 before_CS he_PPHS1 began_VVD to_TO love_VVI her_PPHO1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Marrying_VVG him_PPHO1 therefore_RR gains_VVZ her_PPHO1 both_RR the_AT independence_NN1 she_PPHS1 wanted_VVD and_CC the_AT privileged_JJ ,_, high-status_NN1 ,_, affluent_JJ lifestyle_NN1 she_PPHS1 had_VHD no_AT chance_NN1 of_IO earning_VVG for_IF herself_PPX1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 is_VBZ strong_JJ ,_, masculine_JJ ,_, confident_JJ ,_, but_CCB he_PPHS1 *"_" needs_VVZ **"_" her_PPHO1 and_CC is_VBZ capable_JJ of_IO nurturing_VVG and_CC loving_VVG her_PPHO1 as_CSA she_PPHS1 wants_VVZ to_TO be_VBI loved_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL Once_CS he_PPHS1 's_VHZ recognised_VVN her_APPGE intrinsic_JJ worth_NN1 ,_, she_PPHS1 does_VDZ n't_XX have_VHI to_TO *1_NULL do_VDI *0_NULL anything_PN1 anymore_RR ,_, she_PPHS1 can_VM just_RR *1_NULL be_VBI ,_, *0_NULL existing_VVG passively_RR in_II the_AT centre_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE attention_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Escaping_VVG into_II a_AT1 world_NN1 where_RRQ the_AT heroine_NN1 triumphantly_RR achieves_VVZ power_NN1 and_CC is_VBZ cared_VVN for_IF is_VBZ not_XX the_AT only_JJ escape_NN1 these_DD2 novels_NN2 provide_VV0 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT act_NN1 of_IO picking_VVG up_RP a_AT1 romance_NN1 novel_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 declaration_NN1 by_II a_AT1 woman_NN1 to_II her_APPGE family_NN that_CST they_PPHS2 can_VM leave_VVI her_APPGE alone_JJ for_IF a_AT1 while_NNT1 ,_, because_CS she_PPHS1 's_VBZ having_VHG time_NNT1 for_IF herself_PPX1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Reading_NP1 takes_VVZ women_NN2 away_II21 from_II22 the_AT 24-hour_JJ job_NN1 of_IO caring_VVG for_IF their_APPGE family_NN 's_VBZ physical_JJ and_CC emotional_JJ needs_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Mothers_NN2 are_VBR allowed_VVN to_TO have_VHI very_RG little_DA1 guiltless_JJ time_NNT1 to_TO spend_VVI on_II their_APPGE own_DA pleasure_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 're_VBR meant_VVN to_TO nurture_VVI everyone_PN1 else_RR in_II their_APPGE family_NN ,_, but_CCB there_EX 's_VBZ no-one_PN1 whose_DDQGE job_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO nurture_VVI and_CC listen_VVI to_II and_CC emotionally_RR support_VV0 mothers_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL So_RR picking_VVG up_RP a_AT1 romance_NN1 novel_NN1 ,_, identifying_VVG with_IW a_AT1 fictional_JJ woman_NN1 who_PNQS is_VBZ being_VBG loved_VVN and_CC cared_VVN for_IF ,_, gives_VVZ readers_NN2 a_AT1 break_NN1 from_II family_NN duties_NN2 and_CC good_JJ feelings_NN2 that_CST can_VM stay_VVI with_IW them_PPHO2 when_RRQ they_PPHS2 return_VV0 to_II caring_VVG for_IF others_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL When_CS the_AT sexual_JJ romances_NN2 (_( *"_" bodice_NN1 rippers_NN2 **"_" or_CC *"_" sweet-savage_JJ sagas_NN2 **"_" in_II the_AT trade_NN1 )_) were_VBDR first_MD published_VVD in_II the_AT early_JJ '_" 70s_MC2 ,_, they_PPHS2 drew_VVD more_DAR attention_NN1 to_II the_AT romance_NN1 genre_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Outsiders_NN2 called_VVN them_PPHO2 pornography_NN1 for_IF women_NN2 ,_, and_CC said_VVD the_AT rape_NN1 scenes_NN2 in_II these_DD2 books_NN2 showed_VVD that_CST their_APPGE readers_NN2 masochistically_RR enjoyed_VVD being_VBG brutalised_VVN and_CC hurt_VVN by_II men_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ n't_XX true_JJ at_RR21 all_RR22 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 's_VBZ part_NN1 of_IO the_AT big_JJ misunderstanding_NN1 of_IO women_NN2 's_GE rape_NN1 fantasies_NN2 and_CC fiction_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Women_NN2 want_VV0 tenderness_NN1 ,_, but_CCB know_VV0 that_DD1 wife-bashing_NN1 and_CC sexual_JJ abuse_NN1 are_VBR commonplace_JJ facts_NN2 of_IO life_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT rape_NN1 scenes_NN2 in_II sexual_JJ romances_NN2 enable_VV0 women_NN2 to_TO explore_VVI what_DDQ to_TO do_VDI about_II male_JJ violence_NN1 and_CC how_RRQ to_TO interpret_VVI it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Often_RR the_AT message_NN1 is_VBZ that_DD1 passion_NN1 ,_, not_XX hatred_NN1 is_VBZ behind_II the_AT hero_NN1 's_VBZ violence_NN1 to_II the_AT heroine_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC that_CST if_CS a_AT1 woman_NN1 loves_NN2 and_CC trusts_VVZ her_APPGE man_NN1 deeply_RR ,_, he_PPHS1 will_VM stop_VVI being_VBG brutal_JJ and_CC show_VVI his_APPGE real_JJ feelings_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ a_AT1 dangerous_JJ philosophy_NN1 for_IF women_NN2 ,_, because_CS in_II the_AT real_JJ world_NN1 it_PPH1 leaves_VVZ us_PPIO2 very_RG vulnerable_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Most_DAT romance_NN1 readers_NN2 have_VH0 strong_JJ limits_NN2 on_II the_AT violence_NN1 that_CST can_VM be_VBI explained_VVN away_RP by_II irrational_JJ passion_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Some_DD critics_NN2 do_VD0 n't_XX understand_VVI this_DD1 and_CC assume_VVI that_CST if_CS a_AT1 woman_NN1 buys_VVZ a_AT1 book_NN1 ,_, she_PPHS1 approves_VVZ of_IO it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ n't_XX true_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 may_VM believe_VVI it_PPH1 has_VHZ the_AT potential_JJ to_TO give_VVI her_PPHO1 a_AT1 pleasant_JJ read_NN1 ,_, but_CCB many_DA2 regular_JJ readers_NN2 will_VM refuse_VVI to_TO finish_VVI or_CC will_VM throw_VVI away_RP romances_NN2 that_CST ask_VVI them_PPHO2 to_TO identify_VVI with_IW a_AT1 heroine_NN1 who_PNQS is_VBZ violently_RR abused_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL Romances_NN2 give_VV0 hope_NN1 to_II women_NN2 stuck_VVN in_II unsatisfactory_JJ relationships_NN2 that_CST ideal_JJ ones_NN2 exist_VV0 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 do_VD0 n't_XX want_VVI to_TO be_VBI told_VVN that_DD1 violence_NN1 is_VBZ real_JJ ,_, they_PPHS2 want_VV0 to_TO hear_VVI that_CST it_PPH1 is_VBZ n't_XX ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Critics_NN2 also_RR often_RR assume_VV0 that_CST the_AT romances_NN2 '_GE massive_JJ share_NN1 of_IO the_AT paperback_NN1 market_NN1 and_CC their_APPGE skyrocketing_JJ sales_NN2 indicate_VV0 women_NN2 's_VBZ increasing_VVG addiction_NN1 to_II the_AT romantic_JJ myth_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ pretty_RG shaky_JJ ground_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 think_VV0 it_PPH1 's_VHZ got_VVN a_PN21 lot_PN22 more_RRR to_TO do_VDI with_IW big_JJ changes_NN2 in_II the_AT publishing_NN1 industry_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *6_NULL BEFORE_CS THE_AT 1970S_MC2 ,_, *0_NULL publishing_VVG houses_NN2 had_VHD small_JJ advertising_NN1 budgets_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL All_DB the_AT books_NN2 were_VBDR seen_VVN as_CSA unique_JJ ,_, so_CS they_PPHS2 were_VBDR treated_VVN and_CC advertised_VVN separately_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL Harlequin_NP1 ,_, one_MC1 of_IO the_AT biggest_JJT romance_NN1 publishers_NN2 ,_, began_VVD marketing_VVG its_APPGE books_NN2 in_II the_AT same_DA way_NN1 as_CSA a_AT1 can_NN1 of_IO beans_NN2 or_CC boxes_NN2 of_IO dog_NN1 food_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 are_VBR sold_VVN repetitively_RR to_II a_AT1 permanent_JJ audience_NN by_II their_APPGE brand_NN1 name_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 change_NN1 in_II marketing_NN1 was_VBDZ encouraged_VVN in_II the_AT {_NULL US_PPIO2 }_NULL during_II the_AT '_" 70s_MC2 when_RRQ many_DA2 independent_JJ publishing_NN1 firms_NNJ2 were_VBDR taken_VVN over_RP by_II huge_JJ communications_NN2 conglomerates_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 poured_VVD money_NN1 into_II market_NN1 research_NN1 and_CC new_JJ *"_" lines_NN2 **"_" of_IO category_NN1 fiction_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Simon_NP1 and_CC Schuster_NP1 ,_, for_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, used_JJ surveys_NN2 of_IO romance_NN1 readers_NN2 to_TO decide_VVI on_II their_APPGE romance_NN1 brand_NN1 name_NN1 ,_, their_APPGE standard_JJ plots_NN2 ,_, characterisations_NN2 and_CC advertising_NN1 approaches_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 process_NN1 makes_VVZ successful_JJ book_NN1 publishing_VVG a_AT1 much_RR more_RGR certain_JJ business_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Publishers_NN2 chose_VVD romance_NN1 for_IF this_DD1 mass_JJ marketing_NN1 treatment_NN1 over_II other_JJ categories_NN2 because_CS more_RR21 than_RR22 half_DB of_IO the_AT book-buying_JJ public_NN are_VBR women_NN2 ,_, and_CC because_CS we_PPIS2 are_VBR easier_JJR to_TO reach_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT beginning_NN1 of_IO the_AT romance_NN1 boom_NN1 started_VVD in_II the_AT {_NULL US_PPIO2 }_NULL when_RRQ romance_NN1 novels_NN2 were_VBDR placed_VVN in_II corner_NN1 stores_NN2 and_CC supermarkets_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ most_DAT women_NN2 visit_VV0 regularly_RR ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL So_RR what_DDQ we_PPIS2 have_VH0 is_VBZ a_AT1 genre_NN1 whose_DDQGE basic_JJ formula_NN1 has_VHZ remained_VVN stable_JJ and_CC attractive_JJ to_II a_AT1 large_JJ proportion_NN1 of_IO women_NN2 since_CS the_AT late_JJ 1700s_MC2 ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC which_DDQ is_VBZ now_RT being_VBG marketed_VVN aggressively_RR and_CC very_RG successfully_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL Reading_NP1 romances_NN2 helps_VVZ us_PPIO2 to_TO reduce_VVI stress_NN1 ,_, diffuse_JJ resentment_NN1 and_CC get_VVI good_JJ feelings_NN2 which_DDQ recharge_VV0 us_PPIO2 for_IF our_APPGE daily_JJ lives_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB when_CS we_PPIS2 realise_VV0 that_CST it_PPH1 's_VBZ common_JJ for_IF many_DA2 women_NN2 to_TO read_VVI one_MC1 romance_NN1 a_AT1 day_NNT1 ,_, we_PPIS2 're_VBR not_XX just_RR talking_VVG about_II minor_JJ feelings_NN2 of_IO irritation_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL When_CS so_RG many_DA2 women_NN2 need_VV0 the_AT utopian_JJ fantasy_NN1 of_IO romance_NN1 so_RG often_RR ,_, it_PPH1 indicates_VVZ a_AT1 continuous_JJ rumble_NN1 of_IO dissatisfaction_NN1 ,_, longing_VVG and_CC protest_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Reading_NP1 romances_NN2 can_VM be_VBI seen_VVN as_II an_AT1 indirect_JJ rebellion_NN1 against_II a_AT1 life_NN1 that_CST does_VDZ n't_XX satisfy_VVI many_DA2 women_NN2 's_GE needs_NN2 *-_- *"_" ^_NULL I_PPIS1 feel_VV0 powerless_JJ as_II a_ZZ1 mother/_FO woman_NN1 alone_JJ ,_, so_CS I_PPIS1 'll_VM get_VVI my_APPGE feeling_NN1 of_IO power_NN1 and_CC status_NN1 when_RRQ the_AT heroine_NN1 gets_VVZ her_APPGE man_NN1 **"_" ;_; *"_" ^_NULL I_PPIS1 'm_VBM not_XX being_VBG nurtured_VVN by_II the_AT relationship_NN1 that_CST 's_VBZ supposed_JJ to_TO provide_VVI it_PPH1 ,_, so_CS I_PPIS1 'll_VM get_VVI it_PPH1 from_II somewhere_RL else_RR ._. **"_" ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Some_DD critics_NN2 say_VV0 romance_NN1 reading_NN1 is_VBZ like_II a_AT1 drug_NN1 ,_, keeping_VVG women_NN2 quiet_JJ and_CC absorbed_VVD in_II our_APPGE own_DA private_JJ world_NN1 ,_, rather_II21 than_II22 acting_VVG to_TO change_VVI the_AT unsatisfactory_JJ situations_NN2 that_CST started_VVD us_PPIO2 reading_VVG in_II the_AT first_MD place_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ a_AT1 tricky_JJ one_PN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 sounds_VVZ a_RR21 bit_RR22 like_II another_DD1 of_IO the_AT romance-reader-equals-manipulated-moron_FU putdowns_VVZ ,_, and_CC we_PPIS2 're_VBR not_XX ._. ^ ^_NULL At_II times_NNT2 it_PPH1 feels_VVZ to_II me_PPIO1 like_II a_AT1 dependency_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 crutch_NN1 I_PPIS1 ca_VM n't_XX do_VDI without_IW ._. ^ ^_NULL Yet_RR I_PPIS1 can_VM make_VVI big_JJ changes_NN2 in_II my_APPGE life_NN1 regardless_RR of_IO my_APPGE reading_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 does_VDZ n't_XX hold_VVI me_PPIO1 back_RP or_CC stop_VV0 me_PPIO1 from_II being_VBG assertive_JJ ,_, and_CC I_PPIS1 do_VD0 n't_XX believe_VVI it_PPH1 works_VVZ like_II that_DD1 for_IF other_JJ women_NN2 ,_, unless_CS they_PPHS2 *1_NULL choose_VV0 *0_NULL to_TO live_VVI in_II a_AT1 fantasy_NN1 world_NN1 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 255+TEXT+G68_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL A_AT1 strike_NN1 by_II health_NN1 professionals_NN2 meets_VVZ with_IW a_AT1 great_JJ deal_NN1 of_IO resistance_NN1 ,_, not_XX only_RR from_II the_AT general_JJ public_NN but_CCB also_RR from_II within_II the_AT profession_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 also_RR raises_VVZ many_DA2 ethical_JJ dilemmas_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT arguments_NN2 put_VV0 forward_RL against_II a_AT1 strike_NN1 by_II doctors_NN2 are_VBR varied_VVN :_: (_( a_ZZ1 )_) it_PPH1 would_VM result_VVI in_RP ordinarily_RR avoidable_JJ suffering_NN1 and_CC death_NN1 ;_; (_( b_ZZ1 )_) it_PPH1 would_VM be_VBI a_AT1 breach_NN1 of_IO the_AT implicit_JJ contract_NN1 doctors_NN2 have_VH0 entered_VVN into_II with_IW their_APPGE patients_NN2 ;_; (_( c_ZZ1 )_) it_PPH1 would_VM be_VBI against_II the_AT code_NN1 of_IO ethics_NN doctors_NN2 are_VBR sworn_VVN to_II ;_; (_( d_ZZ1 )_) it_PPH1 would_VM amount_VVI to_II holding_VVG to_TO ransom_VVI a_AT1 weak_JJ and_CC vulnerable_JJ segment_NN1 of_IO the_AT population_NN1 for_IF material_NN1 gain_NN1 ;_; (_( e_ZZ1 )_) it_PPH1 would_VM shatter_VVI the_AT image_NN1 of_IO doctors_NN2 as_CSA selfless_JJ healers_NN2 ;_; (_( f_ZZ1 )_) doctors_NN2 are_VBR already_RR overpaid_VVN ;_; and_RR31 so_RR32 on_RR33 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 paper_NN1 attempts_VVZ to_TO argue_VVI a_AT1 position_NN1 that_CST a_AT1 strike_NN1 by_II doctors_NN2 can_VM be_VBI justified_VVN from_II an_AT1 ethical_JJ viewpoint_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Although_CS this_DD1 paper_NN1 restricts_VVZ itself_PPX1 to_II doctors_NN2 ,_, many_DA2 of_IO the_AT arguments_NN2 can_VM be_VBI extended_VVN to_II other_JJ health_NN1 care_NN1 professionals_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Traditionally_NP1 ,_, physicians_NN2 have_VH0 had_VHN considerable_JJ power_NN1 over_II their_APPGE patients_NN2 and_CC their_APPGE own_DA manner_NN1 of_IO medical_JJ practice_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL With_IW the_AT increasing_JJ socialisation_NN1 of_IO medical_JJ care_NN1 and_CC the_AT technological_JJ revolution_NN1 ,_, this_DD1 power_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN largely_RR taken_VVN over_RP by_II institutions_NN2 and_CC administrators_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 ,_, in_II 1983_MC ,_, doctors_NN2 spent_VVN 46.9%_FO of_IO their_APPGE medical_JJ working_JJ time_NNT1 in_II public_JJ hospital_NN1 practice_NN1 and_CC junior_JJ doctors_NN2 nearly_RR all_DB their_APPGE time_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT situation_NN1 is_VBZ similar_JJ in_II many_DA2 other_JJ developed_JJ countries_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT working_JJ conditions_NN2 in_II these_DD2 hospitals_NN2 are_VBR dependent_JJ not_XX only_RR upon_II the_AT financial_JJ status_NN1 of_IO the_AT community_NNJ but_CCB also_RR the_AT political_JJ decisions_NN2 of_IO the_AT government_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT traditional_JJ autonomy_NN1 of_IO the_AT doctor_NN1 has_VHZ altered_VVN ,_, as_CSA has_VHZ his_APPGE role_NN1 and_CC the_AT expectations_NN2 from_II him_PPHO1 ._. ^ ^_NULL With_IW the_AT technological_JJ developments_NN2 and_CC the_AT enunciation_NN1 of_IO elaborate_JJ ethical_JJ codes_NN2 and_CC declarations_NN2 ,_, the_AT physician_NN1 's_VHZ responsibilities_NN2 have_VH0 only_RR become_VV0 greater_JJR ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ ,_, therefore_RR ,_, clear_JJ that_CST a_AT1 situation_NN1 can_VM arise_VVI when_RRQ doctors_NN2 are_VBR dissatisfied_VVN with_IW their_APPGE working_JJ conditions_NN2 and_CC are_VBR powerless_JJ to_TO change_VVI them_PPHO2 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 recourse_NN1 to_TO strike_VVI is_VBZ ,_, then_RT ,_, understandable_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT 1983_MC strike_NN1 by_II doctors_NN2 in_II Israel_NP1 is_VBZ a_AT1 case_NN1 in_II point_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT junior_JJ doctors_NN2 in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 recently_RR presented_VVN a_AT1 strong_JJ case_NN1 for_IF their_APPGE threatened_JJ industrial_JJ action_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL However_RR ,_, does_VDZ the_AT understandability_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 strike_NN1 make_VV0 it_PPH1 morally_RR conscionable_JJ ?_? ^ ^_NULL Let_VV0 us_PPIO2 proceed_VVI to_TO address_VVI this_DD1 problem_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Moral_JJ duties_NN2 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT philosopher_NN1 Immanuel_NP1 Kant_NP1 based_VVD his_APPGE moral_JJ theory_NN1 on_II what_DDQ he_PPHS1 called_VVD the_AT *'_" supreme_JJ moral_JJ law_NN1 **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL Stated_VVN simply_RR ,_, the_AT law_NN1 meant_VVD that_CST an_AT1 agent_NN1 acted_VVD morally_RR when_RRQ his_APPGE action_NN1 was_VBDZ based_VVN on_II a_AT1 principle_NN1 which_DDQ he_PPHS1 would_VM will_VVI to_TO become_VVI a_AT1 universal_JJ law_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Applying_VVG this_DD1 principle_NN1 ,_, one_PN1 can_VM probably_RR say_VVI that_CST the_AT test_NN1 of_IO the_AT morality_NN1 of_IO a_ZZ1 doctors_NN2 '_GE strike_NN1 would_VM be_VBI in_II establishing_VVG that_CST such_DA action_NN1 is_VBZ universalisable_JJ ,_, {_NULL ie_REX }_NULL ,_, doctors_NN2 ,_, or_CC other_JJ professionals_NN2 under_II similar_JJ circumstances_NN2 *-_- anywhere_RL *-_- would_VM be_VBI justifed_VVN in_II striking_VVG given_VVN the_AT same_DA conditions_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Here_RL we_PPIS2 run_VV0 into_II immediate_JJ difficulty_NN1 because_CS the_AT decision_NN1 procedure_NN1 to_TO decide_VVI this_DD1 universalisability_NN1 is_VBZ quite_RG subjective_JJ ,_, and_CC people_NN will_VM disagree_VVI irrespective_II21 of_II22 whether_CSW they_PPHS2 go_VV0 by_II intuition_NN1 or_CC logical_JJ argument_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT next_MD obvious_JJ question_NN1 to_TO ask_VVI is_VBZ :_: *'_" ^_NULL Would_VM the_AT doctors_NN2 who_PNQS decide_VV0 to_TO strike_VVI have_VH0 supported_VVN such_DA a_AT1 strike_NN1 if_CS they_PPHS2 were_VBDR members_NN2 of_IO the_AT government_NN or_CC the_AT general_JJ public_NN ?_? ^ **'_" ^_NULL Many_DA2 doctors_NN2 may_VM answer_VVI this_DD1 in_II the_AT affirmative_NN1 although_CS there_EX can_VM be_VBI no_AT clear_JJ consensus_NN1 because_II21 of_II22 the_AT inherent_JJ bias_NN1 in_II any_DD such_DA assessment_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL One_MC1 statement_NN1 can_VM ,_, however_RR ,_, be_VBI made_VVN with_IW confidence_NN1 *-_- the_AT answer_NN1 to_II the_AT above_JJ question_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX a_AT1 categorical_JJ *'_" no_UH **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Kantian_JJ approach_NN1 ,_, therefore_RR ,_, leads_VVZ us_PPIO2 to_II the_AT conclusion_NN1 that_CST a_AT1 strike_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX necessarily_RR immoral_JJ although_CS it_PPH1 does_VDZ not_XX help_VVI us_PPIO2 decide_VVI a_AT1 particular_JJ case_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL For_IF this_DD1 we_PPIS2 look_VV0 towards_II other_JJ approaches_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Other_JJ moral_JJ philosophers_NN2 (_( {_NULL eg_REX }_NULL ,_, {_NULL W_NP1 D_NP1 }_NULL Ross_NP1 )_) described_VVD prima_RR21 facie_RR22 moral_JJ obligations_NN2 which_DDQ they_PPHS2 said_VVD guided_JJ behaviour_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Two_MC of_IO these_DD2 ,_, the_AT duties_NN2 of_IO fidelity_NN1 (_( the_AT obligation_NN1 to_TO keep_VVI promises_NN2 )_) and_CC beneficence_NN1 (_( obligation_NN1 to_TO try_VVI to_TO help_VVI others_NN2 )_) ,_, would_VM clearly_RR endorse_VVI against_II a_ZZ1 doctors_NN2 '_GE strike_NN1 although_CS one_PN1 could_VM argue_VVI that_CST the_AT promise_NN1 is_VBZ with_IW current_JJ and_CC not_XX future_JJ patients_NN2 and_CC beneficence_NN1 can_VM be_VBI short-_JJ or_CC long-term_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX are_VBR other_JJ duties_NN2 ,_, however_RR ,_, which_DDQ could_VM conflict_VVI with_IW the_AT above_JJ ,_, {_NULL eg_REX }_NULL ,_, the_AT duty_NN1 to_II justice_NN1 (_( which_DDQ includes_VVZ justice_NN1 to_II oneself_PNX1 and_CC one_PN1 's_GE family_NN )_) and_CC a_AT1 duty_NN1 to_II self-improvement_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT philosophers_NN2 do_VD0 not_XX provide_VVI some_DD determinate_JJ procedure_NN1 to_TO resolve_VVI moral_JJ conflicts_NN2 and_CC often_RR leave_VV0 the_AT decisions_NN2 to_II our_APPGE basic_JJ moral_JJ intuitions_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL One_PN1 could_VM argue_VVI in_II31 favour_II32 of_II33 a_AT1 strike_NN1 if_CS the_AT injustice_NN1 caused_VVN by_II it_PPH1 to_II the_AT patients_NN2 is_VBZ outweighed_VVN by_II the_AT justice_NN1 done_VDN to_II the_AT doctors_NN2 and_CC their_APPGE families_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT junior_JJ doctors_NN2 in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 put_VVD forward_RL a_AT1 convincing_JJ case_NN1 that_CST they_PPHS2 were_VBDR suffering_VVG and_CC could_VM justify_VVI the_AT suffering_VVG their_APPGE strike_NN1 would_VM cause_VVI to_II others_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT matter_NN1 gets_VVZ complicated_JJ when_CS one_PN1 includes_VVZ death_NN1 as_II a_AT1 consequence_NN1 of_IO the_AT strike_NN1 and_CC this_DD1 will_VM be_VBI discussed_VVN later_RRR ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Utilitarian_JJ arguments_NN2 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL If_CS one_PN1 believes_VVZ that_CST what_DDQ is_VBZ moral_NN1 is_VBZ that_CST which_DDQ results_VVZ in_II the_AT *"_" greatest_JJT happiness_NN1 of_IO the_AT greatest_JJT number_NN1 **"_" ,_, the_AT case_NN1 turns_VVZ on_II a_AT1 comparison_NN1 between_II the_AT harm_NN1 likely_JJ from_II the_AT strike_NN1 ,_, including_II the_AT possibility_NN1 of_IO avoidable_JJ death_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT likely_JJ good_JJ that_CST may_VM result_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL When_CS dealing_VVG with_IW such_DA intangibles_NN2 ,_, a_AT1 hedonic_JJ calculus_NN1 can_VM be_VBI quite_RG frustrating_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT treatment_NN1 of_IO many_DA2 patients_NN2 would_VM be_VBI delayed_VVN or_CC thwarted_VVD by_II a_AT1 strike_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL For_IF some_DD it_PPH1 may_VM mean_VVI prolongation_NN1 of_IO suffering_VVG ,_, others_NN2 may_VM suffer_VVI irreversible_JJ damage_NN1 because_II21 of_II22 delayed_JJ care_NN1 and_CC some_DD may_VM even_RR die_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL A_DD221 few_DD222 may_VM ,_, however_RR ,_, considering_CS the_AT potential_JJ dangers_NN2 of_IO some_DD medical_JJ practices_NN2 ,_, actually_RR be_VBI better_JJR off_II from_II not_XX seeing_VVG a_AT1 doctor_NN1 but_CCB let_VVD us_PPIO2 not_XX consider_VVI this_DD1 a_AT1 very_RG significant_JJ number_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT main_JJ positive_JJ is_VBZ the_AT possible_JJ benefit_NN1 in_II the_AT living_JJ conditions_NN2 of_IO the_AT doctors_NN2 and_CC their_APPGE families_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL As_II the_AT working_JJ conditions_NN2 of_IO the_AT doctors_NN2 improve_VV0 ,_, the_AT doctors_NN2 will_VM be_VBI under_RG less_DAR pressure_NN1 ,_, will_VM not_XX be_VBI over-worked_VVN or_CC otherwise_RR incapacitated_VVD and_CC will_VM provide_VVI better_JJR care_NN1 ,_, make_VV0 fewer_DAR mistakes_NN2 and_CC possibly_RR save_VV0 more_DAR lives_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Some_DD countries_NN2 ,_, New_NP Zealand_NP1 for_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, will_VM be_VBI able_JK to_TO dissuade_VVI their_APPGE best_JJT medical_JJ talent_NN1 from_II emigrating_VVG ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT prestige_NN1 of_IO the_AT profession_NN1 will_VM be_VBI maintained_VVN and_CC it_PPH1 will_VM continue_VVI to_TO attract_VVI bright_JJ students_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT community_NNJ will_VM benefit_VVI in_II the_AT long_JJ run_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Certain_JJ important_JJ questions_NN2 arise_VV0 at_II this_DD1 stage_NN1 of_IO the_AT discussion_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL Can_VM immediate_JJ needs_NN2 be_VBI set_VVN aside_RL in_II anticipation_NN1 of_IO future_JJ benefit_NN1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT traditional_JJ Hippocratic_JJ physician_NN1 would_VM say_VVI *"_" no_UH **"_" because_II21 of_II22 his_APPGE individualistic_JJ ,_, patient-benefitting_JJ ethic_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT argument_NN1 against_II this_DD1 is_VBZ that_CST physicians_NN2 ,_, as_CSA members_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 health-care_NN1 profession_NN1 ,_, should_VM not_XX perpetuate_VVI poor_JJ health_NN1 care_NN1 even_CS21 if_CS22 betterment_NN1 can_VM be_VBI achieved_VVN only_RR through_II a_AT1 strike_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Most_DAT people_NN would_VM accept_VVI that_CST doctors_NN2 have_VH0 a_AT1 greater_JJR responsibility_NN1 to_II community_NNJ health_NN1 than_CSN mere_JJ treatment_NN1 of_IO individual_JJ patients_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Doctors_NN2 also_RR have_VH0 a_AT1 duty_NN1 to_II the_AT physician-less_DAR members_NN2 of_IO the_AT society_NN and_CC to_TO ensure_VVI that_CST the_AT less_RGR well-off_JJ are_VBR not_XX robbed_VVN of_IO good_JJ quality_NN1 health_NN1 care_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL If_CS a_AT1 strike_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT means_NN to_II this_DD1 end_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 can_VM indeed_RR be_VBI morally_RR justified_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 ,_, however_RR ,_, does_VDZ not_XX address_VVI the_AT issue_NN1 of_IO the_AT special_JJ status_NN1 of_IO the_AT patient-physician_JJ contract_NN1 and_CC this_DD1 matter_NN1 will_VM be_VBI discussed_VVN later_RRR ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL Can_VM death_NN1 ever_RR be_VBI a_AT1 just_JJ price_NN1 for_IF any_DD ends_NN2 ?_? ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL Detractors_NN2 of_IO the_AT strike_NN1 argue_VV0 that_CST even_RR one_MC1 avoidable_JJ death_NN1 would_VM condemn_VVI the_AT action_NN1 morally_RR because_CS *"_" human_JJ life_NN1 can_VM not_XX be_VBI valued_VVN in_II material_NN1 terms_NN2 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL One_MC1 counter-argument_NN1 is_VBZ that_DD1 short-term_JJ loss_NN1 will_VM be_VBI adequately_RR compensated_VVN in_II the_AT long_JJ run_NN1 by_II lives_NN2 saved_VVD subsequently_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB can_VM one_PN1 equate_VVI human_JJ lives_NN2 in_II this_DD1 manner_NN1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL The_AT question_NN1 is_VBZ an_AT1 emotionally_RR charged_VVD one_PN1 but_CCB one_PN1 need_VM only_RR look_VVI at_II some_DD similar_JJ examples_NN2 to_TO show_VVI that_DD1 human_JJ life_NN1 is_VBZ indeed_RR treated_VVN relatively_RR by_II society_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL Death_NN1 in_II wars_NN2 and_CC revolutions_NN2 is_VBZ glorified_VVN ,_, and_CC capital_JJ punishment_NN1 is_VBZ justified_VVN as_II a_AT1 deterrent_NN1 for_IF further_JJR murders_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT road_NN1 death_NN1 toll_NN1 is_VBZ considered_VVN an_AT1 acceptable_JJ price_NN1 for_IF the_AT freedom_NN1 to_TO drive_VVI one_PN1 's_GE own_DA vehicle_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT sale_NN1 of_IO alcohol_NN1 is_VBZ promoted_VVN in_II31 spite_II32 of_II33 the_AT huge_JJ cost_NN1 in_II31 terms_II32 of_II33 health_NN1 and_CC life_NN1 ,_, partly_RR because_II21 of_II22 the_AT revenue_NN1 it_PPH1 brings_VVZ in_RP for_IF the_AT government_NN and_CC the_AT jobs_NN2 it_PPH1 creates_VVZ ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 moral_JJ analysis_NN1 can_VM be_VBI extended_VVN to_TO make_VVI many_DA2 allocations_NN2 of_IO resources_NN2 morally_RR condemnable_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Is_VBZ a_AT1 Rarotongan_NN1 holiday_NN1 justifiable_JJ if_CSW the_AT money_NN1 spent_VVN could_VM have_VHI saved_VVN a_DD221 few_DD222 lives_NN2 in_II Africa_NP1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL Should_VM we_PPIS2 finance_VVI pleasure_NN1 so_CS31 long_CS32 as_CS33 there_EX is_VBZ want_NN1 in_II the_AT world_NN1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL The_AT examples_NN2 can_VM ,_, no_RR21 doubt_RR22 ,_, be_VBI multiplied_VVN and_CC clearly_RR demonstrate_VV0 that_CST we_PPIS2 treat_VV0 life_NN1 in_II relative_JJ terms_NN2 even_CS21 though_CS22 we_PPIS2 profess_VV0 its_APPGE absolutism_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Why_RRQ then_RT are_VBR doctors_NN2 judged_VVD by_II different_JJ standards_NN2 ?_? ^ ^_NULL There_EX are_VBR probably_RR two_MC reasons_NN2 *-_- proximity_NN1 and_CC contractual_JJ obligation_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL By_II *'_" proximity_NN1 **'_" one_PN1 means_VVZ that_CST the_AT doctor_NN1 *'_" is_VBZ there_RL **'_" when_RRQ the_AT death_NN1 or_CC suffering_NN1 occurs_VVZ and_CC this_DD1 gives_VVZ him_PPHO1 a_AT1 special_JJ responsibility_NN1 ,_, somewhat_RR like_II a_AT1 Good_JJ Samaritan_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT reason_NN1 is_VBZ real_RG enough_RR *-_- the_AT human_JJ impact_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 disaster_NN1 close_VV0 at_II hand_NN1 is_VBZ always_RR greater_JJR even_CS21 though_CS22 a_AT1 moral_JJ position_NN1 can_VM be_VBI taken_VVN against_II the_AT relevance_NN1 of_IO temporal_NN1 or_CC geographical_JJ distance_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB what_DDQ are_VBR the_AT physician_NN1 's_VHZ obligations_NN2 to_TO be_VBI always_RR there_RL ?_? ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 can_VM be_VBI answered_VVN only_RR after_II a_AT1 review_NN1 of_IO the_AT physician-patient_JJ contract_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL A_AT1 limited_JJ strike_NN1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL Some_DD of_IO the_AT moral_JJ dilemmas_NN2 can_VM be_VBI bypassed_VVN if_CS the_AT doctors_NN2 continue_VV0 to_TO provide_VVI emergency_NN1 medical_JJ care_NN1 during_II the_AT strike_NN1 so_BCL21 as_BCL22 to_TO reduce_VVI the_AT likelihood_NN1 of_IO death_NN1 resulting_VVG from_II it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 could_VM be_VBI argued_VVN that_CST long_RR waiting_VVG lists_NN2 for_IF elective_JJ surgery_NN1 and_CC routine_JJ examinations_NN2 already_RR exist_VV0 in_II most_DAT public_JJ hospitals_NN2 due_II21 to_II22 inadequate_JJ facilities_NN2 ,_, and_CC a_AT1 prolongation_NN1 of_IO the_AT lists_NN2 because_II21 of_II22 a_AT1 strike_NN1 can_VM not_XX be_VBI considered_VVN morally_RR damning_VVG ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT junior_JJ doctors_NN2 in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 proposed_VVD such_DA an_AT1 action_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Israeli_JJ doctors_NN2 provided_VVD an_AT1 alternative_JJ medical_JJ service_NN1 for_IF the_AT duration_NN1 of_IO the_AT strike_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 limited_JJ strike_NN1 ,_, therefore_RR ,_, poses_VVZ fewer_DAR ethical_JJ problems_NN2 and_CC is_VBZ arguably_RR an_AT1 equally_RR effective_JJ political_JJ weapon_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL The_AT professional_JJ contract_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Doctors_NN2 are_VBR considered_VVN to_TO be_VBI under_II a_AT1 special_JJ moral_JJ obligation_NN1 because_II21 of_II22 the_AT very_JJ nature_NN1 of_IO the_AT physician-patient_JJ contract_NN1 which_DDQ places_VVZ a_AT1 unique_JJ responsibility_NN1 on_II them_PPHO2 to_TO look_VVI after_II their_APPGE patients_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT profession_NN1 has_VHZ a_AT1 similar_JJ contract_NN1 with_IW society_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ further_RRR argued_VVN that_CST they_PPHS2 took_VVD upon_II themselves_PPX2 this_DD1 special_JJ obligation_NN1 willingly_RR and_CC are_VBR expected_VVN to_TO honour_VVI it_PPH1 (_( the_AT fidelity_NN1 clause_NN1 )_) ,_, thus_RR precluding_VVG any_DD strike_NN1 action_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Doctors_NN2 are_VBR even_RR cautioned_VVN that_CST if_CS they_PPHS2 did_VDD strike_VVI work_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 would_VM ruin_VVI the_AT faith_NN1 of_IO the_AT public_NN in_II the_AT profession_NN1 and_CC medical_JJ practice_NN1 would_VM suffer_VVI seriously_RR ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 think_VV0 this_DD1 reflects_VVZ a_AT1 rather_RG simplistic_JJ understanding_NN1 of_IO the_AT doctor-patient_JJ contract_NN1 in_II modern_JJ times_NNT2 and_CC the_AT moral_JJ argument_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX so_RG easily_RR settled_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 person_NN1 who_PNQS chooses_VVZ to_TO become_VVI a_AT1 doctor_NN1 does_VDZ not_XX make_VVI an_AT1 explicit_JJ or_CC implicit_JJ declaration_NN1 that_CST he_PPHS1 eschews_VVZ self-interest_NN1 for_IF all_DB time_NNT1 to_TO come_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ significant_JJ that_CST the_AT suggestion_NN1 for_IF the_AT inclusion_NN1 of_IO a_ZZ1 no_AT strike_NN1 clause_NN1 in_II the_AT job_NN1 contracts_NN2 of_IO doctors_NN2 is_VBZ not_XX taken_VVN seriously_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 doctor_NN1 does_VDZ have_VHI a_AT1 special_JJ contract_NN1 with_IW the_AT individual_JJ patient_NN1 he_PPHS1 accepts_VVZ for_IF treatment_NN1 and_CC is_VBZ obliged_VVN to_TO provide_VVI his_APPGE skills_NN2 to_II the_AT best_JJT ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 also_RR implies_VVZ continuation_NN1 of_IO care_NN1 once_RR treatment_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN started_VVN ,_, or_CC transfer_NN1 of_IO care_NN1 to_II another_DD1 competent_JJ physician_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 doctor_NN1 can_VM not_XX be_VBI said_VVN to_TO have_VHI a_AT1 special_JJ obligation_NN1 towards_II individuals_NN2 who_PNQS might_VM become_VVI his_APPGE patients_NN2 in_II the_AT future_NN1 were_VBDR he_PPHS1 to_TO continue_VVI practising_VVG medicine_NN1 ,_, nor_CC does_VDZ he_PPHS1 have_VHI a_AT1 moral_JJ duty_NN1 to_TO always_RR continue_VVI being_VBG a_AT1 doctor_NN1 ,_, or_CC to_TO never_RR be_VBI absent_JJ from_II work_NN1 or_CC fall_VV0 ill_JJ or_CC cancel_VV0 an_AT1 appointment_NN1 for_IF any_DD other_JJ reason_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 has_VHZ a_AT1 contract_NN1 with_IW society_NN to_TO act_VVI responsibly_RR when_RRQ he_PPHS1 *'_" is_VBZ there_RL **'_" but_CCB no_AT binding_JJ to_TO be_VBI always_RR available_JJ *'_" under_II any_DD circumstances_NN2 **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL Furthermore_RR ,_, in_II countries_NN2 where_RRQ medicine_NN1 is_VBZ largely_RR socialised_VVN and_CC doctors_NN2 are_VBR employees_NN2 of_IO the_AT state_NN1 ,_, they_PPHS2 enter_VV0 into_II contracts_NN2 with_IW their_APPGE patients_NN2 via_II a_AT1 third_MD party_NN *-_- the_AT hospital_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Although_CS this_DD1 does_VDZ not_XX take_VVI away_RP the_AT physician_NN1 's_GE primary_JJ responsibility_NN1 to_II the_AT patient_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 does_VDZ make_VVI the_AT provision_NN1 of_IO on-going_JJ health_NN1 care_VV0 a_AT1 joint_JJ responsibility_NN1 of_IO the_AT physician_NN1 and_CC the_AT institution_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL One_PN1 thus_RR has_VHZ a_AT1 triangle_NN1 *-_- hospital_NN1 ,_, physician_NN1 ,_, patient_JJ *-_- all_DB three_MC arms_NN2 of_IO which_DDQ are_VBR important_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL If_CS the_AT hospital_NN1 withdraws_VVZ from_II its_APPGE contract_NN1 of_IO providing_VVG the_AT doctor_NN1 with_IW adequate_JJ facilities_NN2 to_TO fulfil_VVI his_APPGE obligations_NN2 ,_, the_AT sanctity_NN1 of_IO the_AT other_JJ contracts_NN2 becomes_VVZ questionable_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Is_VBZ a_AT1 strike_NN1 compatible_JJ with_IW medicine_NN1 as_II a_AT1 profession_NN1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL The_AT answer_NN1 to_II this_DD1 hinges_VVZ upon_II definition_NN1 of_IO the_AT word_NN1 *'_" profession_NN1 **'_" ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 256+TEXT+G69_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL We_PPIS2 argue_VV0 that_CST if_CS a_AT1 terminally_RR ill_JJ patient_NN1 wants_VVZ to_TO know_VVI the_AT truth_NN1 about_II his_APPGE or_CC her_APPGE condition_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT patient_NN1 's_VBZ doctor_NN1 possesses_VVZ that_DD1 information_NN1 ,_, then_RT the_AT doctor_NN1 is_VBZ morally_RR obliged_VVN to_TO tell_VVI the_AT truth_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT argument_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX based_VVN on_II any_DD supposed_JJ right_NN1 to_II information_NN1 (_( even_RR information_NN1 about_II oneself_PNX1 )_) ;_; nor_CC on_II any_DD supposed_JJ moral_JJ obligation_NN1 to_TO tell_VVI the_AT truth_NN1 ;_; nor_CC on_II any_DD supposed_JJ property_NN1 rights_NN2 the_AT patient_NN1 might_VM have_VHI ._. ^ ^_NULL Rather_RR ,_, the_AT argument_NN1 is_VBZ based_VVN on_II the_AT very_JJ principle_NN1 usually_RR invoked_VVD to_TO license_VVI deception_NN1 :_: the_AT harm_NN1 principle_NN1 (_( that_DD1 doctors_NN2 ought_VMK to_TO take_VVI that_DD1 course_NN1 of_IO action_NN1 which_DDQ does_VDZ least_DAT harm_VVI to_II the_AT patient_NN1 )_) ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL 1_MC1 ._. ^ *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Let_VV0 us_PPIO2 begin_VVI with_IW some_DD interesting_JJ facts_NN2 brought_VVD to_TO light_VVI by_II two_MC surveys_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Both_DB2 of_IO these_DD2 were_VBDR conducted_VVN in_II the_AT United_NP States_NP1 ;_; in_II 1950_MC ,_, and_CC in_II 1961_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II one_MC1 survey_NN1 physicians_NN2 were_VBDR asked_VVN whether_CSW they_PPHS2 usually_RR told_VVN patients_NN2 unpalatable_JJ facts_NN2 about_II serious_JJ illness_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Eighty_MC **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL -eight_MC percent_NNU of_IO these_DD2 doctors_NN2 said_VVD they_PPHS2 made_VVD it_PPH1 a_AT1 rule_NN1 not_XX to_TO tell_VVI and_CC presumably_RR thought_VVD they_PPHS2 had_VHD no_AT moral_JJ obligation_NN1 to_TO do_VDI otherwise_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT other_JJ survey_NN1 ,_, patients_NN2 were_VBDR asked_VVN if_CS they_PPHS2 thought_VVD the_AT doctors_NN2 ought_VMK to_TO tell_VVI them_PPHO2 the_AT truth_NN1 about_II their_APPGE conditions_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Seventy_MC **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL -three_MC percent_NNU said_VVD that_CST people_NN in_RR21 general_RR22 should_VM be_VBI universally_RR told_VVN and_CC 89%_NNU said_VVD that_CST they_PPHS2 preferred_VVD knowing_VVG their_APPGE own_DA condition_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Of_RR21 course_RR22 ,_, these_DD2 figures_NN2 may_VM no_RR21 longer_RR22 reflect_VVI contemporary_JJ attitudes_NN2 on_II this_DD1 question_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 has_VHZ been_VBN suggested_VVN that_CST since_CS the_AT 1970s_MC2 physicians_NN2 seem_VV0 more_DAR willing_JJ to_TO disclose_VVI terminal_JJ diagnoses_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL However_RR ,_, what_DDQ the_AT disparity_NN1 in_II response_NN1 does_VDZ highlight_VVI is_VBZ the_AT ethical_JJ issue_NN1 involved_VVD here_RL ._. ^ ^_NULL What_DDQ these_DD2 surveys_NN2 ,_, or_CC any_DD others_NN2 ,_, can_VM not_XX do_VDI is_VBZ answer_NN1 the_AT question_NN1 whether_CSW the_AT doctors_NN2 were_VBDR right_JJ or_CC the_AT patients_NN2 were_VBDR right_JJ on_II this_DD1 moral_JJ issue_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Briefly_RR ,_, what_DDQ we_PPIS2 want_VV0 to_TO argue_VVI is_VBZ that_CST the_AT patients_NN2 were_VBDR right_JJ and_CC the_AT doctors_NN2 were_VBDR wrong_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL That_REX21 is_REX22 ,_, we_PPIS2 want_VV0 to_TO argue_VVI that_CST if_CS a_AT1 patient_NN1 wants_VVZ to_TO know_VVI the_AT truth_NN1 about_II his_APPGE or_CC her_APPGE condition_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT patient_NN1 's_VBZ doctor_NN1 possesses_VVZ that_DD1 information_NN1 ,_, then_RT the_AT doctor_NN1 ought_VMK to_TO tell_VVI the_AT patient_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Or_CC ,_, if_CS you_PPY like_VV0 ,_, a_AT1 patient_NN1 has_VHZ a_AT1 right_JJ to_TO be_VBI told_VVN the_AT best_JJT current_JJ information_NN1 about_II his_APPGE or_CC her_APPGE condition_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Like_II other_JJ rights_NN2 ,_, this_DD1 one_PN1 is_VBZ defeasible_JJ *-_- that_REX21 is_REX22 ,_, there_EX may_VM be_VBI circumstances_NN2 in_II which_DDQ it_PPH1 is_VBZ morally_RR necessary_JJ for_IF the_AT right_JJ to_TO be_VBI overridden_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB we_PPIS2 want_VV0 to_TO argue_VVI ,_, further_RRR ,_, that_CST the_AT conditions_NN2 for_IF violating_VVG the_AT right_NN will_VM be_VBI so_RG extreme_JJ as_II21 to_II22 hardly_RR ever_RR arise_VV0 ._. ^ ^_NULL Thus_RR in_II most_DAT cases_NN2 the_AT doctor_NN1 will_VM have_VHI an_AT1 absolute_JJ obligation_NN1 to_TO tell_VVI the_AT patient_NN1 what_DDQ is_VBZ known_VVN about_II the_AT patient_NN1 's_VBZ condition_NN1 ,_, if_CS that_DD1 information_NN1 is_VBZ sought_VVN ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL 2_MC ._. ^ *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL What_DDQ bestows_VVZ this_DD1 right_NN1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL Various_JJ principles_NN2 might_VM be_VBI offered_VVN as_CSA candidates_NN2 for_IF the_AT job_NN1 ,_, but_CCB most_DAT are_VBR unsatisfactory_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Thus_RR there_EX is_VBZ no_AT general_JJ principle_NN1 to_II the_AT effect_NN1 that_CST any_DD person_NN1 whatsoever_DDQV is_VBZ entitled_VVN to_II any_DD information_NN1 he_PPHS1 desires_VVZ ._. ^ ^_NULL Nor_CC are_VBR people_NN entitled_VVD ,_, as_II21 of_II22 right_NN1 ,_, to_II all_DB information_NN1 relating_VVG to_II themselves_PPX2 ._. ^ ^_NULL If_CS someone_PN1 asks_VVZ you_PPY whether_CSW she_PPHS1 comes_VVZ across_RL as_II an_AT1 obnoxious_JJ person_NN1 you_PPY are_VBR not_XX under_II any_DD obligation_NN1 to_TO tell_VVI her_PPHO1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Nor_CC do_VD0 we_PPIS2 want_VVI to_TO argue_VVI from_II the_AT general_JJ kantian-type_JJ principle_NN1 that_CST one_PN1 always_RR ought_VMK to_TO tell_VVI the_AT truth_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Even_CS21 if_CS22 the_AT principle_NN1 were_VBDR sound_RR it_PPH1 would_VM not_XX demand_VVI that_CST the_AT physician_NN1 release_VV0 the_AT desired_JJ information_NN1 ,_, only_RR that_CST the_AT physician_NN1 refrain_NN1 from_II releasing_VVG false_JJ information_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Nor_CC will_VM it_PPH1 do_VDI to_TO argue_VVI ,_, as_CSA Joseph_NP1 Fletcher_NP1 does_VDZ ,_, that_CST the_AT truth_NN1 belongs_VVZ to_II the_AT patient_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Firstly_RR ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ not_XX clear_JJ how_RRQ one_PN1 can_VM own_VVI the_AT truth_NN1 ;_; and_CC secondly_RR ,_, property_NN1 rights_NN2 are_VBR surely_RR among_II the_AT most_RGT easily_RR defeasible_JJ of_IO rights_NN2 and_CC hence_RR too_RG shaky_JJ a_AT1 foundation_NN1 to_TO build_VVI upon_II ._. ^ ^_NULL Finally_RR ,_, to_TO be_VBI ranged_VVN against_II these_DD2 proffered_JJ principles_NN2 is_VBZ another_DD1 well-entrenched_JJ principle_NN1 :_: the_AT harm_NN1 principle_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ the_AT familiar_JJ Hippocratic_JJ precept_NN1 ,_, *'_" ^_NULL So_CS31 far_CS32 as_CS33 possible_JJ ,_, do_VD0 no_AT harm_NN1 **'_" ;_; a_AT1 principle_NN1 often_RR invoked_VVD to_TO license_VVI therapeutic_JJ deception_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Our_APPGE argument_NN1 ,_, however_RR ,_, relies_VVZ on_II none_PN of_IO the_AT just_JJ rejected_JJ principles_NN2 ;_; nor_CC do_VD0 we_PPIS2 reject_VVI the_AT harm_NN1 principle_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Instead_RR we_PPIS2 think_VV0 that_CST the_AT best_JJT case_NN1 for_IF the_AT moral_JJ principle_NN1 we_PPIS2 are_VBR defending_VVG rests_NN2 on_II the_AT idiosyncrasies_NN2 of_IO death_NN1 *-_- that_CST one_PN1 's_GE own_DA death_NN1 is_VBZ especially_RR important_JJ to_TO oneself_PNX1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Consider_VV0 in_II this_DD1 regard_NN1 the_AT following_JJ story_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Tom_NP1 is_VBZ terminally_RR ill_JJ ,_, and_CC although_CS he_PPHS1 does_VDZ n't_XX know_VVI this_DD1 ,_, his_APPGE doctor_NN1 does_VDZ ._. ^ ^_NULL Tom_NP1 happens_VVZ to_TO apply_VVI for_IF life_NN1 insurance_NN1 and_CC ,_, with_IW Tom_NP1 's_GE consent_NN1 ,_, the_AT insurance_NN1 company_NN1 asks_VVZ Tom_NP1 's_GE doctor_NN1 about_II his_APPGE state_NN1 of_IO health_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL What_DDQ should_VM the_AT doctor_NN1 reply_VVI ?_? ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 unhesitatingly_RR say_VV0 that_CST the_AT doctor_NN1 should_VM give_VVI the_AT company_NN1 the_AT information_NN1 that_CST she_PPHS1 possesses_VVZ ,_, or_CC at_II the_AT very_RG least_DAT the_AT doctor_NN1 should_VM not_XX feed_VVI the_AT insurance_NN1 company_NN1 false_JJ information_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Why_RRQ ?_? ^ ^_NULL Because_CS if_CS she_PPHS1 does_VDZ deceive_VVI the_AT company_NN1 then_RT it_PPH1 will_VM ,_, as_II a_AT1 result_NN1 ,_, lose_VV0 a_AT1 very_RG great_JJ deal_NN1 of_IO money_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Question_NN1 :_: ^_NULL Is_VBZ there_EX anything_PN1 of_IO corresponding_JJ value_NN1 that_CST Tom_NP1 stands_VVZ to_TO lose_VVI if_CSW ,_, after_II enquiring_VVG about_II the_AT state_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE health_NN1 ,_, his_APPGE doctor_NN1 deceives_VVZ him_PPHO1 ,_, or_CC gives_VVZ him_PPHO1 incomplete_JJ information_NN1 ?_? ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL 3_MC ._. ^ *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL We_PPIS2 all_DB know_VV0 that_CST we_PPIS2 have_VH0 only_RR a_AT1 finite_JJ time_NNT1 to_TO live_VVI ;_; and_CC we_PPIS2 all_DB know_VVI that_CST we_PPIS2 have_VH0 to_TO make_VVI choices_NN2 about_II how_RGQ best_RRT to_TO spend_VVI that_DD1 time_NNT1 ,_, how_RRQ to_TO make_VVI out_II21 of_II22 the_AT time_NNT1 allotted_VVD to_II us_PPIO2 a_AT1 life_NN1 that_CST is_VBZ valuable_JJ ,_, a_AT1 life_NN1 that_CST is_VBZ worth_II living_VVG ._. ^ ^_NULL Much_DA1 of_IO the_AT time_NNT1 we_PPIS2 ignore_VV0 the_AT fact_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE own_DA death_NN1 ,_, and_CC for_IF most_DAT of_IO the_AT time_NNT1 we_PPIS2 forge_VV0 plans_NN2 and_CC projects_NN2 on_II a_AT1 fairly_RR optimistic_JJ assumption_NN1 about_II our_APPGE longevity_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Thus_RR many_DA2 people_NN take_VV0 out_RP superannuation_NN1 policies_NN2 forty_MC years_NNT2 before_CS they_PPHS2 are_VBR due_JJ to_TO retire_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL Now_RT it_PPH1 is_VBZ obvious_JJ that_CST many_DA2 of_IO our_APPGE plans_NN2 and_CC projects_NN2 would_VM be_VBI rendered_VVN futile_JJ if_CSW we_PPIS2 were_VBDR to_TO die_VVI tomorrow_RT ,_, or_CC next_MD month_NNT1 ,_, or_CC next_MD year_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL As_CSA such_DA ,_, if_CS we_PPIS2 knew_VVD ,_, or_CC had_VHD good_JJ reason_NN1 to_TO believe_VVI ,_, that_CST our_APPGE death_NN1 was_VBDZ imminent_JJ ,_, then_RT we_PPIS2 would_VM drop_VVI those_DD2 plans_NN2 and_CC projects_NN2 ,_, and_CC radically_RR revise_VV0 the_AT whole_JJ thrust_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE life_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ a_AT1 sense_NN1 in_II which_DDQ all_DB we_PPIS2 have_VH0 or_CC possess_VV0 is_VBZ the_AT time_NNT1 allotted_VVN to_II us_PPIO2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Everything_PN1 else_RR that_CST we_PPIS2 have_VH0 or_CC enjoy_VV0 we_PPIS2 do_VD0 so_CS only_RR by_II virtue_NN1 of_IO having_VHG life_NN1 during_II that_DD1 period_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC the_AT value_NN1 and_CC appropriateness_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE plans_NN2 and_CC projects_NN2 is_VBZ partly_RR determined_VVN by_II the_AT timing_NN1 and_CC nature_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE death_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Thus_RR our_APPGE time_NNT1 ,_, the_AT amount_NN1 of_IO time_NNT1 we_PPIS2 have_VH0 left_VVN ,_, is_VBZ not_XX merely_RR of_IO concern_NN1 to_II us_PPIO2 :_: it_PPH1 is_VBZ of_IO ultimate_JJ concern_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ the_AT raw_JJ material_NN1 out_II21 of_II22 which_DDQ we_PPIS2 have_VH0 to_TO mould_VVI something_PN1 of_IO value_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 follows_VVZ that_CST if_CS the_AT amount_NN1 of_IO time_NNT1 left_VVD to_II us_PPIO2 is_VBZ small_JJ ,_, we_PPIS2 will_VM have_VHI a_AT1 much_RR better_JJR chance_NN1 of_IO using_VVG it_PPH1 wisely_RR if_CS we_PPIS2 know_VV0 that_CST it_PPH1 is_VBZ small_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL If_CS we_PPIS2 do_VD0 n't_XX know_VVI that_DD1 ,_, then_RT we_PPIS2 will_VM go_VVI on_RP pursuing_VVG those_DD2 futile_JJ plans_NN2 and_CC projects_NN2 based_VVN upon_II assumptions_NN2 of_IO great_JJ longevity_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Moreover_RR ,_, without_IW that_DD1 knowledge_NN1 we_PPIS2 will_VM not_XX get_VVI the_AT chance_NN1 to_TO review_VVI our_APPGE lives_NN2 ,_, as_CSA they_PPHS2 have_VH0 been_VBN lived_VVN so_RG far_RR ,_, in_II41 the_II42 light_II43 of_II44 their_APPGE imminent_JJ end_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL That_CST the_AT possibility_NN1 of_IO such_DA a_AT1 perspective_NN1 on_II one_PN1 's_GE life_NN1 may_VM actually_RR determine_VVI the_AT value_NN1 of_IO the_AT life_NN1 is_VBZ beautifully_RR expressed_VVN in_II Tolstoy_NP1 's_GE story_NN1 ,_, The_AT Death_NN1 of_IO Ivan_NP1 Ilych_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Ivan_NP1 Ilych_NP1 begins_VVZ to_TO see_VVI the_AT point_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE life_NN1 only_RR in_II his_APPGE dying_JJ moments_NN2 ,_, and_CC only_RR because_CS he_PPHS1 knows_VVZ they_PPHS2 are_VBR his_APPGE dying_JJ moments_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II41 the_II42 light_II43 of_II44 his_PPGE rapidly_RR approaching_VVG death_NN1 he_PPHS1 begins_VVZ to_TO see_VVI what_DDQ is_VBZ and_CC what_DDQ is_VBZ not_XX valuable_JJ in_II his_APPGE own_DA life_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Most_DAT of_IO his_APPGE life_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN spent_VVN in_II futile_JJ pursuits_NN2 ,_, but_CCB this_DD1 is_VBZ redeemed_VVN by_II his_APPGE realisation_NN1 that_CST it_PPH1 is_VBZ so_RR ,_, and_CC his_APPGE discernment_NN1 of_IO what_DDQ is_VBZ and_CC what_DDQ is_VBZ not_XX of_IO genuine_JJ value_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Had_VHD Ivan_NP1 Ilych_NP1 been_VBN robbed_VVN of_IO the_AT knowledge_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE own_DA death_NN1 then_RT he_PPHS1 would_VM have_VHI been_VBN robbed_VVN of_IO the_AT opportunity_NN1 to_TO endow_VVI his_APPGE life_NN1 with_IW value_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL All_DB this_DD1 suggests_VVZ that_CST if_CS someone_PN1 else_RR possesses_VVZ information_NN1 about_II our_APPGE deaths_NN2 and_CC we_PPIS2 want_VV0 that_DD1 information_NN1 ,_, then_RT they_PPHS2 do_VD0 us_PPIO2 considerable_JJ harm_NN1 by_II not_XX giving_VVG it_PPH1 to_II us_PPIO2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Since_CS the_AT length_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE lives_NN2 is_VBZ of_IO ultimate_JJ concern_NN1 to_II us_PPIO2 the_AT harm_NN1 done_VDN to_II us_PPIO2 by_II withholding_NN1 of_IO that_DD1 information_NN1 is_VBZ very_RG serious_JJ indeed_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II other_JJ words_NN2 ,_, the_AT mere_JJ withholding_NN1 of_IO such_DA information_NN1 from_II patients_NN2 does_VDZ them_PPHO2 considerable_JJ harm_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Not_XX ,_, of_RR21 course_RR22 ,_, harm_NN1 to_II their_APPGE bodies_NN2 (_( although_CS circumstances_NN2 could_VM be_VBI imagined_VVN in_II which_DDQ it_PPH1 did_VDD lead_VVI to_II such_DA bodily_JJ harm_NN1 )_) but_CCB harm_VV0 to_II their_APPGE vital_JJ interests_NN2 ,_, their_APPGE interests_NN2 as_CSA mortals_NN2 with_IW only_RR a_AT1 finite_JJ amount_NN1 of_IO time_NNT1 in_II which_DDQ to_TO do_VDI something_PN1 of_IO value_NN1 with_IW their_APPGE lives_NN2 ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL 4_MC ._. ^ *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Thus_RR the_AT strongest_JJT grounds_NN2 for_IF withholding_VVG such_DA information_NN1 is_VBZ that_CST by_II doing_VDG so_RG less_DAR harm_NN1 will_VM be_VBI done_VDN to_II the_AT patient_JJ than_CSN by_II supplying_VVG it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Sometimes_RT ,_, however_RR ,_, the_AT supplying_NN1 of_IO the_AT information_NN1 may_VM do_VDI harm_NN1 to_II the_AT patient_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT harm_NN1 done_VDN may_VM be_VBI psychological_JJ :_: the_AT patient_NN1 may_VM react_VVI very_RG badly_RR to_II the_AT news_NN1 and_CC this_DD1 reaction_NN1 could_VM actually_RR accelerate_VVI the_AT decline_NN1 which_DDQ the_AT doctor_NN1 is_VBZ attempting_VVG to_TO halt_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL How_RRQ can_VM the_AT possibility_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 kind_NN1 of_IO harm_NN1 be_VBI weighed_VVN against_II the_AT other_JJ ?_? ^ ^_NULL How_RRQ can_VM they_PPHS2 even_RR be_VBI compared_VVN ?_? ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Fortunately_RR such_DA comparisons_NN2 would_VM rarely_RR need_VVI to_TO be_VBI made_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT fact_NN1 is_VBZ that_CST very_RG little_DA1 is_VBZ known_VVN in_RR21 general_RR22 about_II the_AT effect_NN1 of_IO such_DA information_NN1 on_II patients_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Even_CS21 if_CS22 extensive_JJ data_NN were_VBDR collected_VVN it_PPH1 would_VM rarely_RR yield_VVI strong_JJ grounds_NN2 for_IF predicting_VVG in_II this_DD1 particular_JJ patient_NN1 's_VBZ case_NN1 that_CST the_AT psychological_JJ harm_NN1 will_VM be_VBI so_RG severe_JJ as_II21 to_II22 accelerate_NN1 the_AT patient_NN1 's_VBZ death_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Our_APPGE knowledge_NN1 of_IO the_AT two_MC kinds_NN2 of_IO harm_NN1 ,_, then_RT ,_, is_VBZ not_XX symmetrical_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 know_VV0 that_CST by_II not_XX telling_VVG the_AT patient_NN1 the_AT doctor_NN1 does_VDZ the_AT patient_JJ considerable_JJ harm_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB since_CS nobody_PN1 ,_, not_XX even_RR the_AT doctor_NN1 ,_, knows_VVZ quite_RR how_RRQ the_AT patient_NN1 will_VM react_VVI to_II the_AT news_NN1 ,_, nobody_PN1 knows_VVZ that_CST the_AT patient_NN1 will_VM be_VBI harmed_VVN by_II being_VBG told_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL Because_II21 of_II22 this_DD1 asymmetry_NN1 in_II our_APPGE knowledge_NN1 there_EX will_VM not_XX even_RR be_VBI a_AT1 prima_JJ21 facie_JJ22 case_NN1 against_II telling_VVG ,_, if_CS the_AT patient_NN1 requests_VVZ the_AT information_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II most_DAT cases_NN2 ,_, there_EX will_VM be_VBI an_AT1 absolute_JJ obligation_NN1 on_II the_AT doctor_NN1 to_TO tell_VVI the_AT truth_NN1 ,_, or_CC as_RG much_DA1 of_IO it_PPH1 as_CSA she_PPHS1 knows_VVZ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL We_PPIS2 add_VV0 *'_" if_CS the_AT patient_NN1 requests_VVZ the_AT information_NN1 **'_" because_CS although_CS there_EX may_VM be_VBI occasions_NN2 on_II which_DDQ patients_NN2 ought_VMK to_TO be_VBI told_VVN against_II their_APPGE will_NN1 ,_, and_CC there_EX may_VM even_RR be_VBI good_JJ arguments_NN2 to_TO suggest_VVI that_CST they_PPHS2 should_VM always_RR be_VBI so_RG told_VVN ,_, we_PPIS2 do_VD0 n't_XX know_VVI of_IO any_DD ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB how_RRQ does_VDZ a_AT1 doctor_NN1 know_VVI whether_CSW a_AT1 patient_NN1 really_RR wants_VVZ to_TO be_VBI told_VVN ?_? ^ ^_NULL Here_RL ,_, as_CSA elsewhere_RL ,_, the_AT person_NN1 's_VBZ opinion_NN1 on_II his_APPGE own_DA wants_NN2 is_VBZ generally_RR the_AT most_RGT reliable_JJ source_NN1 ,_, and_CC ,_, on_II the_AT whole_NN1 ,_, verbal_JJ expressions_NN2 of_IO wants_NN2 are_VBR the_AT best_JJT indicators_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL At_RR21 least_RR22 ,_, it_PPH1 would_VM be_VBI patronising_VVG in_II the_AT extreme_JJ not_XX to_TO take_VVI seriously_RR the_AT patient_NN1 's_GE own_DA expressed_JJ desire_NN1 for_IF information_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT problem_NN1 could_VM perhaps_RR be_VBI partially_RR remedied_VVN by_II making_VVG it_PPH1 obligatory_JJ for_IF patients_NN2 entering_VVG into_II a_AT1 professional_JJ relationship_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 doctor_NN1 to_TO state_VVI explicitly_RR whether_CSW31 or_CSW32 not_CSW33 they_PPHS2 want_VV0 to_TO be_VBI kept_VVN informed_VVN of_IO the_AT seriousness_NN1 of_IO any_DD illness_NN1 they_PPHS2 might_VM contract_VVI ,_, and_CC the_AT request_NN1 could_VM be_VBI updated_VVN at_II regular_JJ intervals_NN2 or_CC whenever_RRQV the_AT patient_NN1 desired_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ sometimes_RT a_AT1 difficulty_NN1 in_II ascertaining_VVG people_NN 's_GE wants_NN2 ,_, but_CCB where_CS there_EX is_VBZ such_DA a_AT1 difficulty_NN1 the_AT least_RGT patronising_JJ course_NN1 of_IO action_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO take_VVI their_APPGE verbal_JJ expressions_NN2 seriously_RR ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL 5_MC ._. ^ *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Finally_RR ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ perhaps_RR worth_II dismissing_VVG a_AT1 particular_JJ type_NN1 of_IO objection_NN1 :_: the_AT argument_NN1 from_II general_JJ scepticism_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL That_REX21 is_REX22 ,_, it_PPH1 may_VM be_VBI objected_VVN that_CST the_AT physician_NN1 can_VM not_XX really_RR know_VVI (_( or_CC at_RR21 least_RR22 know_VVI for_RR21 certain_RR22 )_) in_II most_DAT cases_NN2 whether_CSW the_AT patient_NN1 will_VM die_VVI from_II his_APPGE condition_NN1 or_CC not_XX ,_, and_CC hence_RR it_PPH1 would_VM be_VBI irresponsible_JJ of_IO the_AT doctor_NN1 to_TO worry_VVI the_AT patient_NN1 unnecessarily_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 argument_NN1 is_VBZ really_RR just_RR a_AT1 red_JJ herring_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL Of_RR21 course_RR22 ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ unfortunately_RR true_JJ that_CST patients_NN2 all_DB too_RG frequently_RR demand_VV0 omniscience_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE physicians_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB our_APPGE argument_NN1 is_VBZ only_RR for_IF the_AT principle_NN1 that_CST the_AT patient_NN1 is_VBZ entitled_VVN to_II the_AT best_JJT information_NN1 available_JJ on_II his_APPGE condition_NN1 should_VM he_PPHS1 so_RR request_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL If_CS the_AT best_JJT information_NN1 is_VBZ inconclusive_JJ ,_, then_RT that_DD1 is_VBZ what_DDQ he_PPHS1 should_VM be_VBI told_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL If_CS ,_, for_REX21 instance_REX22 ,_, some_DD small_JJ percentage_NN1 of_IO patients_NN2 recover_VV0 from_II what_DDQ is_VBZ generally_RR a_AT1 terminal_JJ condition_NN1 ,_, then_RT the_AT doctor_NN1 should_VM tell_VVI the_AT patient_NN1 this_DD1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Recall_NN1 in_II this_DD1 connection_NN1 our_APPGE earlier_JJR example_NN1 of_IO Tom_NP1 's_GE insurance_NN1 medical_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Imagine_VV0 our_APPGE reaction_NN1 to_II Tom_NP1 's_GE doctor_NN1 employing_VVG the_AT argument_NN1 from_II general_JJ scepticism_NN1 to_TO defend_VVI herself_PPX1 against_II the_AT charge_NN1 that_CST she_PPHS1 irresponsibly_RR failed_VVN to_TO inform_VVI the_AT insurance_NN1 company_NN1 of_IO Tom_NP1 's_GE serious_JJ condition_NN1 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 257+TEXT+G70_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 piece_NN1 of_IO cricket_NN1 phraseology_NN1 entirely_RR new_JJ to_II the_AT opening_NN1 batsman_NN1 :_: wherever_RRQV Bruce_NP1 Edgar_NP1 turned_VVD in_II London_NP1 during_II the_AT lead-up_NN1 to_II the_AT 1979_MC World_NN1 Cup_NN1 one-day_JJ series_NN ,_, he_PPHS1 encountered_VVD the_AT term_NN1 *"_" throat_NN1 ball_NN1 ._. **"_" ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 had_VHD been_VBN coined_VVN to_TO describe_VVI some_DD of_IO the_AT world_NN1 's_GE fastest_JJT bowlers_NN2 '_GE fondness_NN1 that_DD1 summer_NNT1 for_IF deliveries_NN2 that_CST were_VBDR pitched_VVN short_JJ and_CC rose_VVN up_RP towards_II the_AT batsman_NN1 's_VBZ neck_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Throat_NN1 ball_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT mention_NN1 of_IO it_PPH1 sent_VVD Edgar_NP1 's_GE hand_NN1 instinctively_RR in_II31 search_II32 of_II33 his_APPGE adam_NN1 's_VBZ apple_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 felt_VVD horribly_RR exposed_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL Pads_NN2 ,_, boxes_NN2 ,_, gloves_NN2 ,_, thigh_NN1 pads_NN2 ,_, chest_NN1 pads_NN2 ,_, forearm_NN1 protectors_NN2 and_CC helmets_NN2 catered_VVD for_IF virtually_RR every_AT1 part_NN1 of_IO the_AT anatomy_NN1 *-_- however_RRQV no_AT protective_JJ gear_NN1 had_VHD yet_RR been_VBN created_VVN for_IF the_AT throat_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Edgar_NP1 took_VVD his_APPGE anxiety_NN1 with_IW him_PPHO1 to_II the_AT crease_NN1 in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 's_GE first_MD series_NN match_VV0 against_II the_AT West_NP Indies_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL If_CS throat_NN1 balls_NN2 were_VBDR indeed_RR a_AT1 reality_NN1 ,_, he_PPHS1 knew_VVD this_DD1 was_VBDZ the_AT match_NN1 in_II which_DDQ he_PPHS1 would_VM become_VVI formally_RR acquainted_VVD with_IW the_AT phenomenon_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Opening_VVG the_AT batting_NN1 with_IW John_NP1 Wright_NP1 ,_, the_AT New_JJ Zealander_NP1 took_VVD up_RP his_APPGE position_NN1 to_TO face_VVI West_NP Indian_JJ pace_NN1 bowler_NN1 Michael_NP1 Holding_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Somewhere_RL in_II that_DD1 over_II Holding_NP1 let_VVD fly_VVI the_AT most_RGT terrifying_JJ delivery_NN1 Edgar_NP1 had_VHD ever_RR experienced_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL Later_RRR John_NP1 Wright_NP1 would_VM agree_VVI it_PPH1 was_VBDZ the_AT fastest_JJT ball_NN1 he_PPHS1 had_VHD ever_RR seen_VVN leave_VV0 a_AT1 bowler_NN1 's_VBZ hand_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 hit_VVD the_AT pitch_NN1 well_RR short_JJ of_IO Edgar_NP1 and_CC made_VVN like_II an_AT1 Exocet_NN1 toward_II his_APPGE throat_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Paralyzed_JJ by_II the_AT sheer_JJ speed_NN1 of_IO the_AT ball_NN1 ,_, Edgar_NP1 made_VVD no_AT attempt_NN1 to_TO play_VVI a_AT1 shot_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL That_CST he_PPHS1 moved_VVD at_RR21 all_RR22 ,_, he_PPHS1 puts_VVZ down_RP to_II instinct_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT ball_NN1 passed_VVN inches_NNU2 away_RL from_II his_APPGE throat_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" After_CS that_DD1 delivery_NN1 I_PPIS1 had_VHD funny_JJ feelings_NN2 in_II my_APPGE stomach_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ like_II getting_VVG an_AT1 instant_JJ ulcer_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT fear_NN1 hung_VVD around_RP for_IF probably_RR a_AT1 couple_NN1 of_IO overs_NN2 facing_VVG Holding_NP1 after_II that_DD1 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX 's_VBZ the_AT unknown_JJ about_II the_AT next_MD one_PN1 ..._... you_PPY ask_VV0 yourself_PPX1 :_: *'_" ^_NULL How_RRQ am_VBM I_PPIS1 going_VVGK to_TO cope_VVI ?_? ^ **'_" **"_" |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT fast_JJ bowler_NN1 's_VBZ potential_JJ for_IF steering_VVG cricket_NN1 away_II21 from_II22 gentility_NN1 and_CC into_II the_AT realm_NN1 of_IO violence_NN1 is_VBZ part_NN1 and_CC parcel_NN1 of_IO the_AT modern_JJ game_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC the_AT use_NN1 of_IO the_AT *'_" bouncer_NN1 **'_" ,_, or_CC *'_" bumper_NN1 **'_" ,_, the_AT type_NN1 of_IO short_JJ pitched_JJ ball_NN1 that_CST Edgar_NP1 faced_VVD ,_, is_VBZ the_AT potential_NN1 realised_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL The_AT bouncer_NN1 is_VBZ ,_, first_MD and_CC foremost_JJT ,_, a_AT1 fast_JJ ball_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL If_CS delivered_VVN at_II less_DAR than_CSN top_JJ pace_NN1 a_AT1 batsman_NN1 has_VHZ time_NNT1 to_TO get_VVI over_II it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Too_RG slow_JJ and_CC it_PPH1 also_RR fails_VVZ in_II its_APPGE primary_JJ objective_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ to_TO unsettle_VVI the_AT batsman_NN1 and_CC take_VVI his_APPGE mind_NN1 off_II scoring_VVG runs_NN2 by_II making_VVG him_PPHO1 think_VVI about_II protecting_VVG his_APPGE body_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC a_AT1 bouncer_NN1 should_VM be_VBI accurate_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL What_DDQ is_VBZ considered_VVN in_II Test_NN1 cricket_NN1 to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 *'_" good_JJ **'_" bouncer_NN1 is_VBZ one_PN1 that_CST comes_VVZ through_II a_AT1 channel_NN1 that_CST extends_VVZ by_II a_AT1 foot_NN1 on_II either_DD1 side_NN1 of_IO the_AT batsman_NN1 's_VBZ head_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II31 defence_II32 of_II33 the_AT bouncer_NN1 ,_, the_AT bowlers_NN2 and_CC captains_NN2 who_PNQS are_VBR apt_JJ to_TO use_VVI it_PPH1 point_VV0 out_RP that_CST the_AT effectiveness_NN1 of_IO such_DA a_AT1 ball_NN1 does_VDZ go_VVI beyond_II its_APPGE scare_NN1 value_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Like_II the_AT tennis_NN1 drive_VV0 that_DD1 is_VBZ aimed_VVN directly_RR at_II a_AT1 player_NN1 standing_VVG at_II the_AT net_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 bouncer_NN1 immediately_RR restricts_VVZ the_AT number_NN1 of_IO attacking_VVG strokes_NN2 with_IW which_DDQ a_AT1 batsman_NN1 can_VM respond_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL *"_" No-one_PN1 has_VHZ yet_RR developed_VVN a_AT1 drive_NN1 off_II the_AT throat_NN1 **"_" ,_, observes_VVZ Jeremy_NP1 Coney_NP1 dryly_RR ,_, remembering_VVG the_AT bouncer_NN1 blitz_NN1 he_PPHS1 faced_VVD at_II Sabina_NP Park_NNL1 in_II the_AT West_NP Indies_NP1 last_MD year_NNT1 ,_, one_MC1 ball_NN1 of_IO which_DDQ broke_VVD his_APPGE arm_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT stroke_NN1 that_CST many_DA2 batsmen_NN2 find_VV0 compulsive_JJ in_II31 face_II32 of_II33 a_AT1 bouncer_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT hook_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ will_VM more_RGR often_RR than_CSN not_XX sky_NN1 tamely_RR for_IF an_AT1 easy_JJ catch_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL So_RR batsmen_NN2 these_DD2 days_NNT2 prefer_VV0 to_TO duck_VVI under_RP and_CC weave_VVI back_RP from_II the_AT missile_NN1 ,_, all_DB the_AT while_NNT1 trying_VVG to_TO keep_VVI their_APPGE nerves_NN2 intact_JJ rather_II21 than_II22 even_RR attempting_VVG to_TO play_VVI a_AT1 stroke_NN1 off_II a_AT1 short-pitched_JJ ball_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ what_DDQ saddens_VVZ cricket_NN1 connoisseurs_NN2 almost_RR as_RG much_DA1 as_CSA the_AT violence_NN1 ,_, for_IF it_PPH1 nullifies_VVZ elegant_JJ stroke_NN1 play_NN1 and_CC produces_VVZ a_AT1 tedious_JJ ,_, low_JJ scoring_JJ spectacle_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL One_MC1 of_IO the_AT many_DA2 who_PNQS lament_VV0 the_AT current_JJ trend_NN1 toward_II bellicose_JJ short_JJ pitched_JJ bowling_NN1 is_VBZ New_NP Zealand_NP1 selector_NN1 Don_NP1 Neely_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL What_DDQ used_VMK to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 subtle_JJ chess-like_JJ game_NN1 of_IO wits_NN2 and_CC skill_NN1 between_II bat_NN1 and_CC ball_NN1 ,_, he_PPHS1 feels_VVZ has_VHZ been_VBN reduced_VVN to_II a_AT1 bout_NN1 of_IO one-sided_JJ bullying_NN1 where_RRQ one_MC1 of_IO the_AT bowler_NN1 's_GE key_JJ tools_NN2 has_VHZ become_VVN the_AT exploitation_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 batsman_NN1 's_VBZ fear_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" It_PPH1 's_VBZ the_AT same_DA tactic_NN1 that_CST is_VBZ used_VVN in_II American_JJ baseball_NN1 **"_" ,_, says_VVZ Neely_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *"_" When_CS someone_PN1 skilled_VVD with_IW the_AT bat_NN1 comes_VVZ in_RP ,_, the_AT pitcher_NN1 or_CC bowler_NN1 applies_VVZ the_AT logic_NN1 :_: *'_" ^_NULL I_PPIS1 know_VV0 he_PPHS1 's_VBZ good_JJ ,_, but_CCB how_RRQ is_VBZ he_PPHS1 going_VVGK to_TO react_VVI when_RRQ the_AT ball_NN1 is_VBZ coming_VVG in_II closer_JJR and_CC closer_RRR to_II his_APPGE body_NN1 ?_? ^ **'_" **"_" |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT syndrome_NN1 is_VBZ evident_JJ in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 softball_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT day_NNT1 after_II his_APPGE Auckland_NP1 side_NN1 lost_VVD the_AT 1986_MC national_JJ final_JJ to_TO Hutt_NP Valley_NNL1 in_II January_NPM1 ,_, pitcher_NN1 Steve_NP1 Jackson_NP1 regretted_VVD not_XX having_VHG hit_VVN Hutt_NP1 batting_VVG hero_NN1 Dave_NP1 Workman_NP1 early_RR in_II the_AT game_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *"_" I_PPIS1 aimed_VVD at_II him_PPHO1 ..._... but_CCB missed_VVD him_PPHO1 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 direct_JJ hit_NN1 might_VM have_VHI put_VVN him_PPHO1 off_RP his_APPGE game_NN1 a_RR21 little_RR22 ._. **"_" ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II cricket_NN1 a_AT1 sure_JJ sign_NN1 that_DD1 fear_NN1 of_IO being_VBG hit_VVN is_VBZ getting_VVG the_AT better_JJR of_IO a_AT1 batsman_NN1 is_VBZ when_RRQ he_PPHS1 *'_" backs_VVZ away_RP **'_" ,_, {_NULL ie_REX }_NULL steps_NN2 back_RP from_II the_AT firing_NN1 line_NN1 in_II the_AT direction_NN1 of_IO square_JJ leg_NN1 ,_, leaving_VVG the_AT wicket_NN1 unguarded_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ a_AT1 rare_JJ sight_NN1 in_II first_MD class_NN1 cricket_NN1 ,_, but_CCB Wellington_NP1 's_GE imported_JJ bowler_NN1 Paul_NP1 Allott_NP1 recalls_VVZ a_AT1 remarkable_JJ instance_NN1 several_DA2 years_NNT2 back_RP when_RRQ his_APPGE Lancashire_NP1 side_NN1 were_VBDR playing_VVG Yorkshire_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Called_VVN the_AT *'_" Roses_NN2 **'_" match_VV0 after_II the_AT mediaeval_JJ civil_JJ strife_NN1 between_II the_AT rival_JJ Houses_NN2 of_IO York_NP1 and_CC Lancaster_NP1 ,_, feelings_NN2 always_RR run_VVN high_JJ in_II the_AT annual_JJ contest_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Allott_NP1 calls_VVZ it_PPH1 the_AT *"_" county_NN1 equivalent_NN1 to_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 versus_II Australia_NP1 ._. **"_" ^ |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT temptation_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 batsman_NN1 to_TO back_VVI away_RP is_VBZ strongest_JJT ,_, naturally_RR enough_RR ,_, just_RR after_CS he_PPHS1 has_VHZ been_VBN hit_VVN by_II a_AT1 bouncer_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL That_DD1 can_VM often_RR prove_VVI fatal_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL As_CSA Coney_NP1 says_VVZ :_: ^_NULL *"_" It_PPH1 's_VBZ not_XX the_AT ball_NN1 that_CST hits_VVZ you_PPY that_CST creates_VVZ the_AT problem_NN1 *-_- it_PPH1 's_VBZ the_AT ball_NN1 after_CS it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL You_PPY tend_VV0 to_TO be_VBI on_II the_AT back_NN1 foot_NN1 watching_VVG ..._... nervously_RR ._. **"_" ^ ^_NULL The_AT post_NN1 **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL -bouncer_JJ delivery_NN1 is_VBZ more_DAR than_CSN likely_JJ to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 yorker_NN1 that_CST will_VM crash_VVI into_II the_AT base_NN1 of_IO the_AT stumps_NN2 if_CS let_VVN through_RP ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL There_EX 's_VBZ nothing_PN1 new_JJ about_II bouncers_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT first_MD Test_NN1 ever_RR played_VVN (_( England_NP1 \_NULL v_II Australia_NP1 at_II Melbourne_NP1 in_II 1877_MC )_) ,_, the_AT Australians_NN2 '_GE opening_NN1 batsman_NN1 Charles_NP1 Bannerman_NP1 retired_VVD hurt_VVN after_II having_VHG his_APPGE finger_NN1 broken_VVN by_II a_AT1 short-pitched_JJ delivery_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB in_II those_DD2 days_NNT2 the_AT tactic_NN1 was_VBDZ regarded_VVN in_II much_RR the_AT same_DA vein_NN1 as_CSA garlic_NN1 was_VBDZ in_II cooking_VVG :_: if_CS you_PPY must_VM use_VVI it_PPH1 ,_, for_IF god_NN1 's_VBZ sake_NN1 use_VV0 it_PPH1 with_IW discretion_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT *'_" coming_JJ out_II21 **'_" of_II22 sustained_JJ ,_, intimidatory_JJ fast_JJ bowling_NN1 can_VM easily_RR be_VBI traced_VVN back_RP to_II the_AT 1932-33_MCMC southern_JJ hemisphere_NN1 summer_NNT1 and_CC the_AT *'_" Bodyline_NP1 **'_" controversy_NN1 that_CST shrouded_VVD England_NP1 's_GE tour_NN1 of_IO Australia_NP1 that_DD1 season_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Don_NP1 Bradman_NP1 being_VBG the_AT demi-god_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 bat_NN1 that_CST he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ ,_, English_JJ captain_NN1 Douglas_NP1 Jardine_NP1 decided_VVD to_TO employ_VVI what_DDQ he_PPHS1 liked_VVD to_TO call_VVI the_AT *'_" leg_NN1 theory_NN1 **'_" as_II a_AT1 counter_JJ measure_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II doing_VDG so_RG he_PPHS1 unwittingly_RR altered_VVD the_AT course_NN1 of_IO the_AT game_NN1 and_CC ensured_VVD himself_PPX1 the_AT distinction_NN1 of_IO being_VBG one_MC1 of_IO Australia_NP1 's_GE most_RGT hated_JJ Poms_NN2 of_IO all_DB time_NNT1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT leg_NN1 theory_NN1 ,_, quite_RG simply_RR put_VVN ,_, involved_VVD a_AT1 deluge_NN1 of_IO short_JJ pitched_JJ deliveries_NN2 bowled_VVD to_II a_AT1 batsman_NN1 hemmed_VVD in_RP by_II a_AT1 cordon_NN1 of_IO close_JJ fielders_NN2 on_II the_AT leg_NN1 side_NN1 *-_- often_RR up_RG21 to_RG22 seven_MC men_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Because_CS it_PPH1 was_VBDZ something_PN1 new_JJ ,_, and_CC the_AT business_NN1 of_IO evasion_NN1 was_VBDZ not_XX a_AT1 recognised_JJ part_NN1 of_IO the_AT batsman_NN1 's_VBZ art_NN1 ,_, the_AT Australian_JJ batsmen_NN2 protected_VVD themselves_PPX2 by_II raising_VVG their_APPGE bats_NN2 to_TO fend_VVI off_II the_AT rising_JJ balls_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 ,_, as_CSA the_AT Englishmen_NN2 had_VHD planned_VVN ,_, often_RR led_VVN to_II an_AT1 easy_JJ catch_NN1 by_II the_AT leg_NN1 side_NN1 vultures_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT course_NN1 of_IO the_AT series_NN several_DA2 Australians_NN2 were_VBDR hit_VVN ,_, although_CS not_XX too_RG seriously_RR hurt_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL Giving_VVG the_AT English_JJ bowling_NN1 the_AT required_JJ accuracy_NN1 and_CC pace_NN1 was_VBDZ Harold_NP1 Larwood_NP1 ,_, then_RT reputed_VVD to_TO be_VBI the_AT world_NN1 's_VBZ fastest_JJT ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL As_II a_AT1 cold_JJ blooded_JJ victory_NN1 tactic_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 worked_VVD like_II a_AT1 charm_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Australians_NN2 '_GE great_JJ asset_NN1 ,_, their_APPGE strong_JJ batting_JJ line-up_NN1 ,_, never_RR produced_VVN a_AT1 really_RR big_JJ score_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Bradman_NP1 was_VBDZ held_VVN to_II the_AT relatively_RR human_JJ average_NN1 of_IO 56.57_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL England_NP1 won_VVD the_AT series_NN handsomely_RR ,_, 4-1_MCMC ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL When_CS it_PPH1 was_VBDZ all_RR over_II Larwood_NP1 offered_VVD his_APPGE own_DA thoughts_NN2 on_II England_NP1 's_GE success_NN1 ._. ^ *"_" ^_NULL You_PPY ask_VV0 me_PPIO1 why_RRQ ..._... ^ Bradman_NN1 could_VM n't_XX stand_VVI up_II21 to_II22 my_APPGE fast_JJ bowling_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Bradman_NP1 was_VBDZ too_RG frightened_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Yes_UH ,_, *"_" frightened_VVD **"_" is_VBZ the_AT word_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Bradman_NP1 just_RR would_VM n't_XX have_VHI it_PPH1 ._. **"_" ^ ^_NULL For_IF probably_RR the_AT first_MD time_NNT1 ,_, the_AT great_JJ game_NN1 had_VHD openly_RR been_VBN reduced_VVN to_II a_AT1 crude_JJ contest_NN1 of_IO street_NN1 brawl_NN1 psychology_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT furore_NN1 that_CST followed_VVD the_AT series_NN almost_RR severed_JJ cricket_NN1 relations_NN2 between_II the_AT two_MC countries_NN2 for_IF eternity_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 also_RR ushered_VVD in_II a_AT1 period_NN1 of_IO rule_NN1 tampering_VVG specifically_RR aimed_VVD at_II curbing_VVG the_AT new-found_JJ might_NN1 of_IO the_AT intimidatory_JJ fast_JJ bowler_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II their_APPGE indignation_NN1 the_AT Australians_NN2 unilaterally_RR introduced_VVN a_AT1 rule_NN1 that_CST ,_, after_CS an_AT1 initial_JJ warning_NN1 ,_, gave_VVD an_AT1 umpire_NN1 the_AT power_NN1 to_TO ban_VVI a_AT1 bowler_NN1 for_IF the_AT rest_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 innings_NN if_CS his_APPGE deliveries_NN2 were_VBDR judged_VVN to_TO be_VBI *"_" bowled_VVN with_IW the_AT intent_JJ to_TO intimidate_VVI or_CC injure_VVI the_AT batsman_NN1 ._. **"_" ^ The_AT {_NULL MCC_NP1 }_NULL (_( Marylebone_NP1 Cricket_NN1 Club_NNJ *-_- the_AT body_NN1 governing_VVG English_JJ cricket_NN1 )_) ,_, although_CS concerned_JJ ,_, made_VVD a_AT1 less_RGR drastic_JJ response_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL No_AT alteration_NN1 was_VBDZ made_VVN to_II the_AT rules_NN2 themselves_PPX2 ,_, but_CCB in_II 1935_MC the_AT accompanying_JJ *'_" Instructions_NN2 to_II Umpires_NN2 **'_" were_VBDR revised_VVN to_TO include_VVI a_AT1 direction_NN1 to_TO intervene_VVI and_CC warn_VVI bowlers_NN2 in_II the_AT case_NN1 of_IO systematic_JJ short_JJ pitched_JJ balls_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 somewhat_RR hazy_JJ ruling_NN1 is_VBZ more_RGR or_CC less_RGR identical_JJ to_II the_AT standing_NN1 of_IO today_RT 's_GE international_JJ Laws_NN2 on_II the_AT subject_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Umpires_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN left_VVN not_XX knowing_VVG quite_RR where_CS they_PPHS2 stand_VV0 ,_, with_IW the_AT result_NN1 that_DD1 intervention_NN1 on_II a_AT1 bombarded_JJ batsman_NN1 's_VBZ behalf_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 rarity_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL What_DDQ some_DD in_II the_AT game_NN1 regret_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT dismissal_NN1 of_IO one_MC1 suggestion_NN1 that_CST was_VBDZ put_VVN forward_RL in_II the_AT wake_NN1 of_IO the_AT Bodyline_NP1 drama_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL That_DD1 was_VBDZ to_TO draw_VVI a_AT1 line_NN1 across_II the_AT wicket_NN1 at_II a_AT1 chosen_JJ distance_NN1 from_II the_AT crease_NN1 ,_, and_CC to_II no-ball_NN1 any_DD delivery_NN1 pitched_VVD short_JJ of_IO the_AT line_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT {_NULL MCC_NP1 }_NULL rejected_VVD the_AT idea_NN1 for_IF reasons_NN2 that_CST do_VD0 not_XX appear_VVI on_II record_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL But_CCB the_AT fuss_NN1 over_II Bodyline_NP1 did_VDD achieve_VVI something_PN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Following_VVG it_PPH1 were_VBDR two_MC relatively_RR quiet_JJ decades_NNT2 where_RRQ batsmen_NN2 could_VM once_RR21 again_RR22 stick_VVI their_APPGE heads_NN2 above_II the_AT parapet_NN1 and_CC expect_VV0 to_TO be_VBI able_JJ to_TO play_VVI all_DB the_AT classical_JJ strokes_NN2 beloved_JJ by_II the_AT purists_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Laurence_NP1 Le_NP Quesne_NP1 in_II his_PPGE recently_RR published_JJ book_NN1 on_II Bodyline_NP1 remarks_VVZ :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Enter_VV0 Wes_NP1 Hall_NNL1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Hall_NP1 was_VBDZ the_AT spearhead_VV0 of_IO the_AT West_NP Indian_JJ bowling_NN1 attack_NN1 in_II the_AT early_JJ '_" 60s_MC2 ,_, and_CC he_PPHS1 had_VHD no_AT qualms_NN2 whatsoever_DDQV about_II loosing_VVG bouncers_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Along_II21 with_II22 fellow_JJ paceman_NN1 Charles_NP1 Griffith_NP1 ,_, he_PPHS1 can_VM lay_VVI claim_NN1 to_II bringing_VVG the_AT dread_NN1 back_RP into_II facing_VVG fast_JJ bowling_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Moreover_RR ,_, he_PPHS1 introduced_VVD a_AT1 modern_JJ ,_, macho_JJ image_NN1 to_II the_AT role_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Hall_NP1 was_VBDZ 6_MC *?_NULL 75_MC *?_NULL 8_MC ,_, and_CC had_VHD a_AT1 penchant_NN1 for_IF unbuttoning_VVG his_APPGE shirt_NN1 when_RRQ he_PPHS1 bowled_VVD to_TO reveal_VVI a_AT1 fulsome_JJ chest_NN1 glistening_VVG with_IW sweat_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 gold_JJ crucifix_NN1 which_DDQ swung_VVD violently_RR at_II the_AT point_NN1 of_IO delivery_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Suddenly_RR ,_, there_EX emerged_VVD a_AT1 swagger_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 glamour_NN1 in_II the_AT anti-hero_JJ sense_NN1 that_CST the_AT proprieties_NN2 of_IO cricket_NN1 had_VHD hitherto_RT suppressed_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II the_AT '_" 70s_MC2 this_DD1 cult_NN1 of_IO fast_JJ bowler_NN1 as_CSA devil-may-care_JJ bad_JJ boy_NN1 was_VBDZ taken_VVN to_II new_JJ heights_NN2 by_II the_AT renowned_JJ Australian_JJ firm_NNJ ,_, Lillee_NP1 and_CC Thomson_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 were_VBDR both_RR (_( Thomson_NP1 still_RR is_VBZ )_) exceedingly_RR fast_RR ,_, talented_JJ bowlers_NN2 who_PNQS made_VVD every_AT1 effort_NN1 to_TO spit_VVI venom_NN1 ,_, both_RR on_RP and_CC off_II the_AT pitch_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL For_IF many_DA2 ,_, their_APPGE display_NN1 of_IO naked_JJ aggression_NN1 was_VBDZ taken_VVN too_RG far_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL Lillee_NP1 :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL Thomson_NP1 :_: *"_" ^_NULL Truthfully_NP1 ,_, I_PPIS1 enjoy_VV0 hitting_VVG a_AT1 batsman_NN1 more_RRR than_CSN getting_VVG him_PPHO1 out_RP ..._... it_PPH1 does_VDZ n't_XX worry_VVI me_PPIO1 the_AT least_RRT to_TO see_VVI a_AT1 batsman_NN1 hurt_VVD ,_, rolling_VVG around_RP screaming_VVG and_CC blood_NN1 on_II the_AT pitch_NN1 ._. **"_" ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Their_APPGE intimidatory_JJ arsenal_NN1 included_VVD extra-curricular_JJ tricks_NN2 that_CST further_RRR raised_VVD the_AT hackles_NN2 of_IO cricket_NN1 's_VHZ establishment_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL Lillee_NP1 liked_VVD to_TO walk_VVI up_II21 to_II22 an_AT1 incoming_JJ batsman_NN1 and_CC make_VV0 the_AT sign_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 cross_NN1 on_II his_APPGE forehead_NN1 ,_, just_RR to_TO let_VVI him_PPHO1 know_VVI precisely_RR where_RRQ the_AT target_NN1 was_VBDZ ._. ^ ^_NULL Thomson_NP1 was_VBDZ fond_JJ of_IO following_VVG through_II right_NN1 up_II the_AT wicket_NN1 to_TO make_VVI eye_NN1 contact_NN1 with_IW the_AT batsman_NN1 and_CC to_TO tell_VVI him_PPHO1 what_DDQ he_PPHS1 thought_VVD of_IO him_PPHO1 *-_- Bruce_NP1 Edgar_NP1 says_VVZ he_PPHS1 's_VHZ never_RR met_VVN anyone_PN1 who_PNQS could_VM utter_VVI a_AT1 certain_JJ expletive_NN1 in_II such_DA a_AT1 variety_NN1 of_IO ways_NN2 as_CSA could_VM Jeff_NP1 Thomson_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL But_CCB although_CS the_AT bespectacled_JJ grey_JJ heads_NN2 at_II Lords_NP1 were_VBDR clearly_RR not_XX amused_VVN ,_, Lillee_NP1 and_CC Thomson_NP1 got_VVD away_RP with_IW it_PPH1 somehow_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT fact_NN1 was_VBDZ ,_, in_II the_AT perverse_JJ manner_NN1 that_DD1 violence_NN1 excites_VVZ people_NN ,_, so_RR did_VDD the_AT deeds_NN2 of_IO the_AT Australian_JJ pair_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL Crowds_NN2 at_II cricket_NN1 grounds_NN2 had_VHD changed_VVN over_II the_AT years_NNT2 ,_, along_II21 with_II22 society_NN 's_GE standards_NN2 of_IO acceptable_JJ conduct_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC what_DDQ with_IW alcohol_NN1 becoming_VVG a_AT1 necessary_JJ additive_JJ to_II enjoying_VVG an_AT1 afternoon_NNT1 's_GE cricket_NN1 ,_, the_AT gladitorial_JJ aspect_NN1 of_IO violent_JJ bowling_NN1 became_VVD a_AT1 highlight_NN1 for_IF the_AT spectators_NN2 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 258+TEXT+G71_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL My_APPGE concern_NN1 in_II this_DD1 essay_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO outline_VVI the_AT contribution_NN1 of_IO theory_NN1 to_II feminist_NN1 art_NN1 practice_NN1 and_CC its_APPGE reception_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Since_CS my_APPGE intention_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO be_VBI provocative_JJ ,_, I_PPIS1 will_VM begin_VVI with_IW the_AT assertion_NN1 ,_, that_CST in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 up_II21 to_II22 this_DD1 date_NN1 art_NN1 criticism_NN1 *-_- both_RR non-feminist_JJ and_CC feminist_NN1 *-_- has_VHZ ignored_VVN the_AT crucial_JJ question_NN1 of_IO subjectivity_NN1 ,_, as_CSA constituted_VVN by_II historical_JJ and_CC social_JJ factors_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 will_VM be_VBI arguing_VVG that_CST the_AT process_NN1 of_IO addressing_VVG this_DD1 question_NN1 demonstrates_VVZ the_AT need_NN1 to_TO implement_VVI a_AT1 project_NN1 for_IF feminist_NN1 theory_NN1 as_II an_AT1 enterprise_NN1 which_DDQ attempts_VVZ to_TO disrupt_VVI dominant_JJ discourses_NN2 in_II culture_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Such_DA a_AT1 project_NN1 would_VM *-_- through_II an_AT1 examination_NN1 of_IO the_AT diverse_JJ factors_NN2 which_DDQ determine_VV0 artistic_JJ production_NN1 itself_PPX1 ,_, and_CC the_AT repression_NN1 of_IO women_NN2 through_II these_DD2 determinants_NN2 *-_- aim_VV0 to_TO transform_VVI the_AT way_NN1 art_NN1 is_VBZ used_VVN and_CC perceived_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL Specifically_RR ,_, I_PPIS1 will_VM be_VBI arguing_VVG for_IF the_AT need_NN1 to_TO locate_VVI feminist_NN1 politics_NN within_II a_AT1 revaluation_NN1 of_IO art_NN1 as_II a_AT1 social_JJ practice_NN1 ;_; a_AT1 revaluation_NN1 which_DDQ must_VM examine_VVI how_RRQ *'_" femininity_NN1 **'_" is_VBZ determined_VVN as_II an_AT1 ideological_JJ construct_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT issue_NN1 of_IO sexual_JJ *'_" difference_NN1 **'_" is_VBZ central_JJ to_II feminist_NN1 theory_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Any_DD theorization_NN1 of_IO the_AT process_NN1 by_II which_DDQ women_NN2 grapple_VV0 towards_II a_AT1 self-conception_JJ revolves_NN2 around_II the_AT problem_NN1 of_IO thinking_VVG outside_II the_AT patriarchally_RR determined_JJ dichotomies_NN2 *-_- Same/_FO Other_JJ ,_, Subject/_FO Object_NN1 ,_, that_REX41 is_REX42 to_REX43 say_REX44 ,_, *'_" Masculine_JJ **'_" /_FO *'_" Feminine_NN1 **'_" *-_- identified_VVD as_II the_AT basis_NN1 of_IO western_JJ culture_NN1 by_II Simone_NP1 de_NP1 Beauvoir_NP1 36_MC years_NNT2 ago_RA ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT domination_NN1 by_II men_NN2 of_IO women_NN2 which_DDQ continues_VVZ in_II advanced_JJ western_JJ cultures_NN2 today_RT ,_, is_VBZ not_XX effected_VVN by_II force_NN1 (_( in_RR21 general_RR22 )_) but_CCB more_RGR insidiously_RR through_II the_AT creation_NN1 of_IO consent_NN1 ,_, by_II31 means_II32 of_II33 an_AT1 elaborate_JJ apparatus_NN1 of_IO binary_JJ oppositions_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II the_AT words_NN2 of_IO He_PPHS1 *?_NULL 2le_FO *?_NULL 3ne_FO Cixous_NP1 :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT pivotal_JJ question_NN1 for_IF any_DD feminist_NN1 theory_NN1 attempting_VVG to_TO include_VVI women_NN2 as_II an_AT1 active_JJ subject_NN1 is_VBZ whether_CSW we_PPIS2 want_VV0 to_TO re-organize_VVI the_AT relationship_NN1 of_IO difference_NN1 to_II one_MC1 of_IO *"_" sameness_NN1 **"_" ,_, through_II a_ZZ1 dialectics_NN2 of_IO valorization_NN1 ,_, or_CC whether_CSW we_PPIS2 want_VV0 to_TO subvert_VVI the_AT over-determined_JJ saturated_JJ metaphors_NN2 of_IO binary_JJ oppositions_NN2 which_DDQ organize_VV0 our_APPGE perceptions_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II the_AT initial_JJ phases_NN2 of_IO feminist_NN1 inquiry_NN1 into_II the_AT vexed_JJ issue_NN1 of_IO difference_NN1 ,_, the_AT pendulum_NN1 swung_VVN between_II *"_" same_DA as_CSA **"_" and_CC *"_" different_JJ from_II **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT radical_JJ critiques_NN2 undertaken_VVN by_II American_JJ feminists_NN2 *-_- notably_RR ,_, Kate_NP1 Millet_NN1 and_CC Elizabeth_NP1 Janeway_NP1 *-_- used_VVD the_AT concepts_NN2 of_IO sex-role_NN1 stereotyping_VVG to_TO argue_VVI that_DD1 biological_JJ sex_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX co-extensive_JJ with_IW social_JJ gender_NN1 ;_; that_DD1 gender_NN1 is_VBZ an_AT1 acquired_JJ facet_NN1 of_IO social_JJ life_NN1 produced_VVN through_II societal_JJ conditioning_NN1 and_CC re-inforced_VVN through_II social_JJ pressure_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT belief_NN1 that_CST de-emphasizing_VVG sexual_JJ difference_NN1 would_VM remove_VVI a_AT1 major_JJ obstacle_NN1 to_II women_NN2 's_GE participation_NN1 in_II cultural_JJ and_CC political_JJ life_NN1 ,_, reached_VVD its_APPGE most_RGT extreme_JJ form_NN1 in_II Shulamith_NP1 Firestone_NP1 's_GE critique_NN1 in_II which_DDQ she_PPHS1 attempted_VVD to_TO abolish_VVI even_RR the_AT mammalian_JJ function_NN1 performed_VVN by_II women_NN2 as_CSA childbearers_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II the_AT recent_JJ evolutions_NN2 of_IO feminist_NN1 inquiry_NN1 ,_, however_RR ,_, there_EX has_VHZ been_VBN a_AT1 shift_NN1 to_II what_DDQ Gerda_NP1 Lerner_NP1 calls_VVZ the_AT *"_" woman-centred_JJ analysis_NN1 **"_" ,_, with_IW its_APPGE increased_JJ willingness_NN1 to_TO challenge_VVI the_AT old_JJ naming_NN1 of_IO difference_NN1 by_II the_AT privileged_JJ ,_, with_IW a_AT1 reclaiming_NN1 of_IO difference_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL That_REX41 is_REX42 to_REX43 say_REX44 ,_, the_AT woman-centred_JJ perspective_NN1 examines_VVZ the_AT meaning_NN1 of_IO difference_NN1 in_II31 terms_II32 of_II33 its_APPGE value_NN1 *2_NULL TO_II WOMEN_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT new_JJ French_JJ feminisms_NN2 *-_- echoes_NN2 of_IO which_DDQ have_VH0 not_XX yet_RR resounded_VVN in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 art_NN1 criticism_NN1 *-_- posit_NN1 difference_NN1 as_II a_AT1 problematic_JJ with_IW a_AT1 subversive_JJ potential_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Both_DB2 their_APPGE perspective_NN1 and_CC methodology_NN1 are_VBR dis-connected_JJ from_II the_AT empirical_JJ ,_, sociological_JJ approach_NN1 of_IO American_JJ feminisms_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Whereas_CS American_JJ feminists_NN2 focus_VV0 upon_II the_AT *2_NULL OPPRESSION_NN1 *0_NULL of_IO woman_NN1 as_CSA sexual_JJ identity_NN1 (_( in_II a_AT1 prescription_NN1 for_IF pragmatic_JJ action_NN1 to_II rebalance_NN1 inequality_NN1 )_) ,_, the_AT new_JJ French_JJ feminists_NN2 analyse_VV0 the_AT *2_NULL REPRESSION_NN1 *0_NULL of_IO women_NN2 as_II difference_NN1 and_CC alterity_NN1 within_II western_JJ signifying_JJ practices_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL As_CSA we_PPIS2 know_VV0 the_AT French_NN1 are_VBR passionate_JJ for_IF theory_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC the_AT most_RGT revolutionizing_JJ texts_NN2 of_IO the_AT new_JJ French_JJ feminists_NN2 are_VBR by_II women_NN2 of_IO letters_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Inspired_JJ by_II a_AT1 Marxist_JJ anti-bourgeois_JJ tradition_NN1 ,_, skilled_VVD in_II dialectical_JJ argumentation_NN1 ,_, they_PPHS2 employ_VV0 a_AT1 combination_NN1 of_IO semiotic_JJ ,_, philosophic_JJ and_CC psychoanalytic_JJ concepts_NN2 to_TO examine_VVI the_AT sexual_JJ subject_NN1 's_VBZ inscription_NN1 in_II culture_NN1 through_II language_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Not_XX afraid_JJ to_TO appropriate_VVI concepts_NN2 for_IF their_APPGE own_DA purpose_NN1 from_II such_DA seminal_JJ male_JJ thinkers_NN2 as_CSA Saussure_NP1 ,_, Freud_NP1 ,_, Lacan_NP1 and_CC Derrida_NP1 ,_, they_PPHS2 combine_VV0 theory_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 subjectivism_NN1 which_DDQ confounds_VVZ the_AT protocols_NN2 of_IO patriarchal_JJ ,_, academic_JJ discourse_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL For_IF ,_, as_CSA Elaine_NP1 Marks_NP1 says_VVZ :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Underlying_JJ the_AT new_JJ French_JJ feminisms_NN2 is_VBZ the_AT post-structuralist_NN1 premise_NN1 ,_, that_CST the_AT world_NN1 is_VBZ experienced_VVN phenomenologically_RR as_II a_AT1 vast_JJ text_NN1 encompassing_VVG all_DB human_JJ symbolic_JJ systems_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC they_PPHS2 utilize_VV0 this_DD1 premise_NN1 to_TO argue_VVI that_CST throughout_II western_JJ history_NN1 the_AT text_NN1 *-_- or_CC ,_, logos_NN2 *-_- has_VHZ been_VBN based_VVN on_II a_AT1 binary_JJ structure_NN1 of_IO culturally_RR determined_JJ oppositions_NN2 ,_, that_REX41 is_REX42 to_REX43 say_REX44 ,_, *'_" masculine_JJ **'_" and_CC *'_" feminine_JJ **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT strongest_JJT voices_NN2 among_II the_AT French_JJ feminists_NN2 *-_- Luce_NP1 Irigaray_NP1 ,_, He_PPHS1 *?_NULL 2le_FO *?_NULL 3ne_FO Cixous_NP1 and_CC Julia_NP1 Kristeva_NP1 *-_- argue_VV0 that_CST women_NN2 's_GE repression_NN1 is_VBZ embedded_VVN in_II the_AT foundations_NN2 of_IO the_AT text_NN1 *-_- in_II the_AT complex_JJ linguistic_JJ and_CC logical_JJ processes_NN2 that_CST produce_VV0 meaning_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL So_CS21 that_CS22 what_DDQ we_PPIS2 perceive_VV0 as_II the_AT *'_" real_JJ **'_" becomes_VVZ merely_RR a_AT1 manifestation_NN1 of_IO the_AT symbolic_JJ order_NN1 as_CSA constituted_VVN to_II privilege_NN1 men_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Only_RR by_II deconstructing_VVG this_DD1 phallogocentrism_NN1 **[_NULL sic_RR **]_NULL ,_, can_VM we_PPIS2 transform_VVI the_AT *'_" real_JJ **'_" in_II a_AT1 fundamental_JJ way_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II the_AT words_NN2 of_IO He_PPHS1 *?_NULL 2le_FO *?_NULL 3ne_FO Cixous_NP1 :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL *"_" the_AT logocentric_JJ project_NN1 has_VHZ always_RR undeniably_RR existed_VVN to_II found_VVD phallocentrism_NN1 ,_, to_TO insure_VVI for_IF masculine_JJ order_NN1 a_AT1 rationale_NN1 equal_JJ to_II history_NN1 itself_PPX1 **"_" **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL They_PPHS2 argue_VV0 that_CST within_II the_AT phallocentric_JJ order_NN1 woman_NN1 receives_VVZ an_AT1 illusory_JJ recognition_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 *2_NULL IS_VBZ *0_NULL but_RR she_PPHS1 *2_NULL IS_VBZ NOT_XX *-_- *0_NULL except_CS insofar_CS21 as_CS22 she_PPHS1 exists_VVZ as_II man_NN1 's_VBZ opposite_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL *2_NULL HIS_APPGE *0_NULL other_JJ and_CC not_XX as_II otherness_NN1 in_II *2_NULL HER_APPGE *0_NULL own_DA right_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 is_VBZ *2_NULL HIS_APPGE *0_NULL repressed_JJ ,_, trapped_VVD in_II the_AT cycle_NN1 of_IO *2_NULL HIS_APPGE *0_NULL representations_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 exists_VVZ merely_RR as_II a_AT1 reflection_NN1 of_IO *2_NULL HIS_APPGE *0_NULL claims_NN2 to_II knowledge_NN1 ,_, of_IO *2_NULL HIS_APPGE *0_NULL interpretation_NN1 of_IO her_APPGE body_NN1 and_CC her_APPGE sexuality_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 reproduction_NN1 merely_RR ,_, reflecting_VVG back_RP to_II him_PPHO1 a_AT1 vision_NN1 of_IO *2_NULL HIS_APPGE *0_NULL masculine_JJ privilege_NN1 ;_; she_PPHS1 is_VBZ designated_VVN through_II absence_NN1 :_: minus_II phallus_NN1 =_FO minus_II power_NN1 ,_, minus_II authenticity_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT politics_NN of_IO repression_NN1 is_VBZ ,_, in_II the_AT words_NN2 of_IO Josette_NN1 Fe_FO *?_NULL 2ral_FO :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL *"_" founded_JJ upon_II the_AT negation_NN1 of_IO her_APPGE difference_NN1 ,_, upon_II her_APPGE exclusion_NN1 from_II knowledge_NN1 and_CC from_II herself_PPX1 **"_" **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL By_II being_VBG subjected_VVN to_II a_AT1 principle_NN1 of_IO Identity_NP1 conceived_VVD wholly_RR as_CSA masculine_JJ (_( signified_VVN by_II the_AT phallus_NN1 )_) ,_, woman_NN1 exists_VVZ as_II a_AT1 function_NN1 of_IO what_DDQ she_PPHS1 is_VBZ not_XX ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 is_VBZ caught_VVN between_II ,_, what_DDQ Kristeva_NP1 calls_VVZ the_AT *"_" not_XX that_DD1 **"_" and_CC the_AT *"_" not_XX yet_RR **"_" ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT most_RGT revolutionary_JJ dimension_NN1 of_IO the_AT new_JJ French_JJ feminisms_NN2 lies_VVZ in_II their_APPGE insistence_NN1 upon_II the_AT specificity_NN1 of_IO feminine_JJ unconscious_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ they_PPHS2 locate_VV0 as_II the_AT central_JJ focus_NN1 of_IO struggle_NN1 against_II women_NN2 's_GE repression_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL As_CSA Feral_NP1 elaborates_VVZ :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Their_APPGE examination_NN1 of_IO the_AT unconscious_NN1 differs_VVZ from_II the_AT canonical_JJ Freudian_JJ formulation_NN1 of_IO the_AT unconscious_JJ ,_, which_DDQ would_VM only_RR unleash_VVI the_AT already_RR spoken_JJ stories_NN2 *-_- since_CS it_PPH1 has_VHZ been_VBN constituted_VVN by_II the_AT repressed_JJ in_II culture_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Instead_RR they_PPHS2 insist_VV0 upon_II the_AT release_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 unspoken_JJ feminine_JJ unconscious_NN1 ,_, freed_VVN from_II cultural_JJ constraints_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC they_PPHS2 argue_VV0 that_CST this_DD1 unconscious_NN1 must_VM inform_VVI the_AT genuinely_RR political_JJ feminine_JJ text_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II Cixous_NP1 '_GE words_NN2 :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL In_II various_JJ ways_NN2 ,_, they_PPHS2 call_VV0 for_IF the_AT creation_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 specifically_RR women_NN2 's_GE language_NN1 and_CC writing_NN1 ,_, informed_VVN by_II the_AT feminine_JJ unconscious_NN1 ,_, to_TO speak_VVI the_AT female_JJ body_NN1 through_II the_AT cracks_NN2 in_II the_AT syntax_NN1 ,_, semantics_NN1 and_CC logic_NN1 of_IO male_JJ language_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Such_DA *"_" writing-in-the-feminine_JJ **"_" (_( *"_" {_NULL l'e_NN1 *?_NULL 2criture_FO fe_NN1 *?_NULL 2minine_FO }_NULL **"_" )_) would_VM forge_VVI an_AT1 anti-logos_NN2 weapon_NN1 for_IF re-appropriating_VVG the_AT female_JJ body_NN1 which_DDQ man_NN1 has_VHZ confiscated_VVN as_RG his_APPGE property_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL As_CSA Cixous_NP1 says_VVZ :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Alright_RR ,_, so_CS to_TO return_VVI to_II my_APPGE initial_JJ assertion_NN1 that_CST New_NP Zealand_NP1 art_NN1 criticism_NN1 ignores_VVZ the_AT question_NN1 of_IO the_AT socio-historic_JJ determinants_NN2 of_IO subjectivity_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 suggest_VV0 that_CST the_AT major_JJ contribution_NN1 French_JJ deconstructivist_NN1 theory_NN1 *-_- and_CC I_PPIS1 include_VV0 here_RL male_JJ theorists_NN2 who_PNQS have_VH0 addressed_VVN the_AT *'_" woman_NN1 question_NN1 **'_" ,_, namely_REX ,_, Lacan_NP1 ,_, Derrida_NP1 ,_, Lyotard_NP1 and_CC Granoff_NP1 *-_- offers_VVZ art_NN1 criticism_NN1 ,_, is_VBZ that_DD1 it_PPH1 demonstrates_VVZ that_CST the_AT human_JJ subject_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX a_AT1 *2_NULL DISCRETE_JJ *0_NULL self_NN1 ,_, but_CCB a_AT1 *2_NULL COMPOUND_JJ *0_NULL and_CC that_CST it_PPH1 can_VM not_XX be_VBI known_VVN without_IW examining_VVG the_AT ideological_JJ formulations_NN2 of_IO patriarchy_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL New_NP Zealand_NP1 art_NN1 criticism_NN1 *-_- with_IW the_AT notable_JJ exception_NN1 of_IO Pound_NP1 's_GE *'_" Frames_NN2 on_II the_AT Land_NN1 **'_" argument_NN1 *-_- still_RR operates_VVZ largely_RR within_II a_AT1 modernist_NN1 tradition_NN1 insofar_CS21 as_CS22 it_PPH1 approaches_NN2 the_AT artwork_NN1 as_II an_AT1 autonomous_JJ entity_NN1 ,_, applying_VVG to_II it_PPH1 formalist_JJ analyses_NN2 of_IO stylistic_JJ and_CC thematic_JJ qualities_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 approach_NN1 fails_VVZ to_TO acknowledge_VVI the_AT complexities_NN2 of_IO authorship_NN1 and_CC of_IO audience_NN reception_NN1 as_CSA they_PPHS2 are_VBR constituted_VVN outside_II the_AT artwork_NN1 ,_, by_II sets_NN2 of_IO social_JJ relations_NN2 deriving_VVG from_II the_AT ideological_JJ determinants_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Through_II this_DD1 omission_NN1 ,_, New_NP Zealand_NP1 art_NN1 criticism_NN1 consistently_RR fails_VVZ to_TO locate_VVI art_NN1 as_II a_AT1 social_JJ practice_NN1 and_CC fails_VVZ to_TO recognize_VVI the_AT subversive_JJ potential_NN1 within_II criticism_NN1 itself_PPX1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 would_VM go_VVI so_CS31 far_CS32 as_CS33 to_TO name_VVI this_DD1 omission_NN1 a_AT1 *2_NULL HEDONISM_NN1 ,_, *0_NULL since_CS by_II avoiding_VVG the_AT inter-relations_NN2 obtaining_VVG between_II art_NN1 ,_, subject_NN1 and_CC their_APPGE historical_JJ conjunction_NN1 ,_, criticism_NN1 can_VM only_RR hope_VVI to_TO provide_VVI entertainment_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Whatever_DDQV position_NN1 criticism_NN1 adopts_NN2 contains_VVZ its_APPGE own_DA affiliations_NN2 and_CC historical_JJ agendas_NN2 ,_, even_CS21 *2_NULL IF_CS22 *0_NULL these_DD2 are_VBR not_XX made_VVN explicit_JJ ,_, or_CC if_CSW the_AT critic_NN1 is_VBZ ignorant_JJ of_IO them_PPHO2 *-_- as_CSA most_RRT New_NP Zealand_NP1 critics_NN2 are_VBR ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT formalist_NN1 approach_NN1 simply_RR plays_VVZ into_II the_AT lap_NN1 of_IO the_AT status-quo_NN1 ,_, by_II preserving_VVG art_NN1 as_II a_AT1 marginal_JJ activity_NN1 ,_, as_CS21 though_CS22 it_PPH1 had_VHD nothing_PN1 of_IO momentum_NN1 to_TO contribute_VVI to_II social_JJ practices_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Feminist_JJ art_NN1 criticism_NN1 in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 to_TO date_VVI ,_, also_RR operates_VVZ largely_RR within_II a_AT1 modernist_NN1 tradition_NN1 of_IO stylistic_JJ analysis_NN1 ,_, although_CS there_RL have_VH0 been_VBN attempts_NN2 to_TO identify_VVI various_JJ stylistic_JJ features_NN2 as_CSA recurrent_JJ motifs_NN2 in_II women_NN2 's_GE art_NN1 and_CC to_TO relate_VVI these_DD2 to_II societal_JJ conditions_NN2 within_II which_DDQ women_NN2 make_VV0 artwork_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC to_II this_DD1 extent_NN1 a_AT1 break_NN1 *2_NULL HAS_VHZ *0_NULL been_VBN made_VVN with_IW the_AT modernist_NN1 conception_NN1 of_IO the_AT autonomy_NN1 of_IO art_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT approach_NN1 is_VBZ ,_, of_RR21 course_RR22 ,_, empirical_JJ since_CS it_PPH1 is_VBZ based_VVN on_II observations_NN2 only_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC unfortunately_RR it_PPH1 has_VHZ sometimes_RT been_VBN elaborated_VVN into_II an_AT1 inhibitive_JJ form_NN1 of_IO prescriptivism_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ advocates_VVZ the_AT use_NN1 of_IO certain_JJ stylistic_JJ devices_NN2 and_CC subject_JJ matter_NN1 as_CS21 though_CS22 these_DD2 were_VBDR more_RGR genuine_JJ expressions_NN2 for_IF women_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Even_CS21 if_CS22 an_AT1 exhaustive_JJ inventory_NN1 of_IO features_NN2 occurring_VVG in_II women_NN2 's_GE art_NN1 were_VBDR compiled_VVN and_CC compared_VVN with_IW those_DD2 occurring_VVG in_II men_NN2 's_GE art_NN1 ,_, that_CST still_RR could_VM *2_NULL NOT_XX *0_NULL establish_VVI these_DD2 as_RG more_RGR *"_" genuine_JJ **"_" expressions_NN2 for_IF women_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL What_DDQ we_PPIS2 would_VM find_VVI from_II such_DA a_AT1 patrist_NN1 pursuit_NN1 would_VM be_VBI symptomatic_JJ expressions_NN2 of_IO historically_RR determined_JJ difference_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Any_DD inference_NN1 from_II such_DA contingent_JJ symptoms_NN2 without_IW an_AT1 examination_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE origins_NN2 (_( within_II the_AT ideological_JJ formulations_NN2 of_IO patriarchy_NN1 )_) is_VBZ simply_RR untenable_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL And_CC I_PPIS1 would_VM urge_VVI that_CST every_AT1 precaution_NN1 must_VM be_VBI made_VVN against_II the_AT *'_" erection_NN1 **'_" of_IO a_AT1 feminist_NN1 imperialism_NN1 which_DDQ merely_RR mouths_VVZ slogans_NN2 to_TO legislate_VVI the_AT *"_" right_JJ **"_" way_NN1 to_TO package_VVI a_AT1 so-called_JJ *'_" female_JJ **'_" product_NN1 ._. ^ (_( ^_NULL I_MC1 voice_NN1 this_DD1 objection_NN1 in_II full_JJ awareness_NN1 of_IO the_AT predictable_JJ counter-objection_NN1 that_CST I_PPIS1 am_VBM splintering_VVG a_AT1 *-_- fictitious_JJ *-_- *"_" solidarity_NN1 **"_" within_II women_NN2 's_GE art_NN1 practice_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL That_CST no_AT unified_JJ purpose_NN1 exists_VVZ among_II women_NN2 artists_NN2 in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 is_VBZ a_AT1 fact_NN1 ,_, obvious_JJ to_II the_AT least_RRT informed_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL That_CST a_AT1 hegemony_NN1 exists_VVZ among_II a_AT1 vocal_JJ spokesgroup_NN1 ,_, is_VBZ perhaps_RR obvious_JJ ,_, but_CCB not_XX readily_RR challenged_VVN *-_- such_DA being_VBG the_AT partisanship_NN1 of_IO meek_JJ liberalism_NN1 ._. )_) ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Where_CS the_AT French_JJ feminists_NN2 '_GE advocation_NN1 that_CST women_NN2 draw_VV0 from_II a_AT1 feminine_JJ unconscious_NN1 differs_VVZ enormously_RR from_II this_DD1 simplistic_JJ prescriptivism_NN1 ,_, is_VBZ that_DD1 they_PPHS2 provide_VV0 analytic_JJ tools_NN2 for_IF examining_VVG psychological_JJ experience_NN1 ,_, to_TO distinguish_VVI what_DDQ is_VBZ culturally_RR determined_VVN as_II internalization_NN1 of_IO repression_NN1 from_II the_AT unexplored_JJ areas_NN2 deriving_VVG from_II an_AT1 uncoded_JJ libido_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 certainly_RR do_VD0 not_XX pre-define_VVI the_AT expressive_JJ form_NN1 this_DD1 would_VM take_VVI which_DDQ *-_- after_II all_DB *-_- would_VM contradict_VVI the_AT argument_NN1 that_CST feminine_JJ unconscious_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 not-yet_RR explored_JJ terrain_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL New_NP Zealand_NP1 empirical_JJ ,_, prescriptive_JJ feminism_NN1 fails_VVZ to_TO distinguish_VVI the_AT psychological_JJ experience_NN1 of_IO internalized_JJ repression_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC from_II work_NN1 I_PPIS1 have_VH0 seen_VVN the_AT stylistic_JJ features_NN2 and_CC themes_NN2 which_DDQ are_VBR fatuously_RR applauded_VVN as_RG somehow_RR *"_" genuinely_RR female_JJ **"_" are_VBR *-_- ironically_RR *-_- symptomatic_JJ of_IO those_DD2 very_JJ internalizations_NN2 ._. ^ (_( ^_NULL I_PPIS1 am_VBM referring_VVG here_RL to_II small_JJ scale_NN1 ,_, pre-occupation_NN1 with_IW detail_NN1 and_CC domesticity_NN1 and_CC fragmentation_NN1 ._. )_) ^ ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ no_AT remaining_JJ need_NN1 for_IF the_AT art_NN1 phallocracy_NN1 to_TO exclude_VVI art_NN1 by_II women_NN2 ,_, when_CS women_NN2 themselves_PPX2 presume_NN1 to_TO legislate_VVI for_IF one_PPX121 another_PPX122 a_AT1 prescription_NN1 which_DDQ is_VBZ symptomatic_JJ of_IO repression_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL On_II the_AT positive_JJ side_NN1 ,_, feminist_NN1 critics_NN2 have_VH0 reviewed_VVN more_DAR women_NN2 's_GE artwork_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Nevertheless_RR ,_, by_II using_VVG the_AT thematic_JJ and_CC stylistic_JJ tools_NN2 acquired_VVD from_II the_AT patriarchs_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Such_DA pragmatic_JJ actions_NN2 for_IF women_NN2 's_GE inclusion_NN1 *2_NULL WITHIN_II *0_NULL the_AT phallocentric_JJ order_NN1 is_VBZ highly_RR dubious_JJ when_CS there_EX is_VBZ complicity_NN1 with_IW its_APPGE terms_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Indeed_RR ,_, the_AT very_JJ notion_NN1 of_IO *"_" promoting_VVG **"_" an_AT1 artist_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 very_RG phallic_JJ notion_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC it_PPH1 would_VM appear_VVI that_CST women_NN2 's_GE art_NN1 is_VBZ *2_NULL HOMOgenized_JJ (_( formed_VVN into_II *2_NULL HIS_APPGE *0_NULL genus_NN1 ?_? )_) to_TO be_VBI impaled_VVN on_II the_AT phallic_JJ pedestal_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ to_TO distort_VVI the_AT purpose_NN1 of_IO much_RR women_NN2 's_GE art_NN1 which_DDQ attempts_VVZ to_TO transform_VVI the_AT dominant_JJ (_( phallocentric_JJ )_) order_NN1 with_IW an_AT1 *'_" other_JJ **'_" perspective_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Given_VVN the_AT recurrent_JJ dangers_NN2 of_IO co-option_NN1 with_IW the_AT recent_JJ upsurge_NN1 of_IO token-feminist_JJ sympathy_NN1 by_II self-consciously_RR styled_VVD *'_" liberal_JJ **'_" male_JJ critics_NN2 ,_, who_PNQS extend_VV0 their_APPGE paternalistic_JJ tolerance_NN1 to_II feminist_NN1 art_NN1 issues_NN2 (_( in_II some_DD cases_NN2 after_II years_NNT2 of_IO flagrant_JJ disinterest_NN1 )_) ,_, the_AT role_NN1 of_IO the_AT feminist_NN1 critic_NN1 is_VBZ in_II serious_JJ need_NN1 of_IO clarification_NN1 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 259+TEXT+G72_FO **]_NULL ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL Where_CS uniformity_NN1 was_VBDZ once_RT valued_VVN ,_, diversity_NN1 has_VHZ become_VVN an_AT1 inescapable_JJ fact_NN1 of_IO life_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Where_CS authority_NN1 was_VBDZ taken_VVN for_IF granted_VVN ,_, it_PPH1 must_VM now_RT earn_VVI its_APPGE keep_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Where_RRQ institutions_NN2 could_VM once_RR be_VBI unthinkingly_RR hierarchical_JJ ,_, ordered_VVD ,_, and_CC static_JJ ,_, those_DD2 who_PNQS serve_VV0 them_PPHO2 must_VM now_RT learn_VVI to_TO understand_VVI their_APPGE inner_JJ dynamic_JJ and_CC the_AT conditions_NN2 that_CST must_VM be_VBI met_VVN if_CS they_PPHS2 are_VBR to_TO adapt_VVI successfully_RR to_II changing_VVG circumstances_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Where_CS their_APPGE legitimacy_NN1 was_VBDZ never_RR called_VVN into_II question_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ becoming_VVG something_PN1 that_CST must_VM be_VBI continuously_RR negotiated_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II all_DB of_IO these_DD2 changes_NN2 one_MC1 thing_NN1 has_VHZ remained_VVN the_AT same_DA ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ no_RR21 longer_RR22 one_MC1 true_JJ God_NP1 ,_, but_CCB Mahomet_NP1 is_VBZ still_RR His_APPGE prophet_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Our_APPGE systems_NN2 still_RR pivot_VV0 around_RP a_AT1 minister_NN1 of_IO education_NN1 who_PNQS ,_, as_II a_AT1 member_NN1 of_IO cabinet_NN1 ,_, is_VBZ the_AT central_JJ source_NN1 of_IO authority_NN1 and_CC finance_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Secondly_RR ,_, the_AT state_NN1 departments_NNJ2 of_IO education_NN1 still_RR remain_VV0 the_AT main_JJ administrative_JJ agency_NN1 used_VVN by_II governments_NNJ2 to_TO ensure_VVI that_CST their_APPGE plans_NN2 and_CC policies_NN2 are_VBR carried_VVN out_RP and_CC supervised_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC we_PPIS2 are_VBR faced_VVN with_IW the_AT question_NN1 :_: ^_NULL Is_VBZ the_AT leopard_NN1 changing_VVG its_APPGE spots_NN2 ?_? ^ ^_NULL In_II other_JJ words_NN2 ,_, are_VBR state_NN1 departments_NNJ2 ,_, which_DDQ were_VBDR predicated_VVN on_II the_AT Benthamite_JJ model_NN1 and_CC which_DDQ developed_VVD their_APPGE traditions_NN2 and_CC their_APPGE ethos_NN1 as_CSA instruments_NN2 of_IO democratic_JJ centralism_NN1 ,_, adapting_VVG to_II the_AT needs_NN2 and_CC possibilities_NN2 of_IO societies_NN2 that_CST are_VBR being_VBG jobbled_VVN increasingly_RR by_II the_AT currents_NN2 and_CC cross_JJ currents_NN2 of_IO cultural_JJ diversity_NN1 ,_, moral_JJ relativism_NN1 ,_, professional_JJ aspiration_NN1 ,_, institutional_JJ autonomy_NN1 ,_, and_CC participatory_JJ democracy_NN1 ?_? ^ |_NULL ^_NULL With_IW this_DD1 as_CSA background_NN1 and_CC context_NN1 ,_, let_VVD us_PPIO2 see_VVI if_CS we_PPIS2 can_VM pick_VVI out_RP the_AT shape_NN1 of_IO things_NN2 to_TO come_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL What_DDQ are_VBR the_AT principles_NN2 that_CST should_VM underpin_VVI departmental_JJ plans_NN2 and_CC policies_NN2 for_IF professional_JJ development_NN1 ?_? ^ |_NULL ^_NULL To_TO begin_VVI with_IW ,_, there_EX is_VBZ the_AT meaning_NN1 to_TO be_VBI given_VVN to_II the_AT word_NN1 professional_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_RR21 common_RR22 usage_VV0 it_PPH1 is_VBZ an_AT1 exclusive_JJ word_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 marks_VVZ off_II a_AT1 group_NN of_IO people_NN from_II all_DB others_NN2 on_II the_AT basis_NN1 of_IO expertise_NN1 ,_, authority_NN1 ,_, and_CC a_AT1 right_JJ to_TO practise_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 also_RR signifies_VVZ a_AT1 status_NN1 within_II occupations_NN2 and_CC within_II society_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL Many_DA2 of_IO the_AT aspirations_NN2 and_CC feelings_NN2 of_IO teachers_NN2 stem_VV0 from_II their_APPGE perceptions_NN2 of_IO teaching_VVG as_II a_AT1 profession_NN1 ,_, either_RR as_RG it_PPH1 is_VBZ or_CC as_CSA it_PPH1 might_VM be_VBI ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC these_DD2 aspirations_NN2 and_CC feelings_NN2 often_RR focus_VV0 on_II other_JJ ,_, more_RGR firmly_RR established_JJ professions_NN2 *-_- medicine_NN1 and_CC law_NN1 are_VBR the_AT examples_NN2 most_RGT often_RR mentioned_VVN *-_- as_CSA models_NN2 in_II31 comparison_II32 with_II33 which_DDQ the_AT further_JJR progress_NN1 of_IO the_AT teaching_NN1 profession_NN1 should_VM be_VBI gauged_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL When_CS we_PPIS2 talk_VV0 then_RT about_II professional_JJ development_NN1 we_PPIS2 are_VBR using_VVG a_AT1 phrase_NN1 heavily_RR freighted_VVD with_IW emotive_JJ overtones_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Most_DAT teachers_NN2 in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 would_VM ,_, I_PPIS1 am_VBM sure_JJ ,_, scan_NN1 the_AT word_NN1 professional_NN1 with_IW the_AT word_NN1 teacher_NN1 and_CC assume_VV0 that_CST the_AT subject_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE discussion_NN1 was_VBDZ the_AT professional_JJ development_NN1 of_IO teachers_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL That_DD1 is_VBZ not_XX the_AT assumption_NN1 I_PPIS1 myself_PPX1 make_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 am_VBM quite_RG certain_JJ that_CST the_AT state_NN1 departments_NNJ2 must_VM define_VVI professional_NN1 more_RGR broadly_RR than_CSN that_DD1 ,_, and_CC for_IF at_RR21 least_RR22 two_MC reasons_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT first_MD place_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 can_VM no_RR21 longer_RR22 think_VVI of_IO the_AT teaching_NN1 profession_NN1 as_CS21 if_CS22 its_APPGE members_NN2 are_VBR interchangeable_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT specialization_NN1 of_IO function_NN1 I_PPIS1 referred_VVD to_II earlier_JJR is_VBZ producing_VVG a_AT1 high_JJ degree_NN1 of_IO differentiation_NN1 within_II education_NN1 services_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Among_II those_DD2 who_PNQS will_VM have_VHI shared_VVN their_APPGE initial_JJ training_NN1 as_CSA teachers_NN2 ,_, there_EX are_VBR now_RT members_NN2 of_IO the_AT education_NN1 service_NN1 who_PNQS identify_VV0 themselves_PPX2 not_XX as_CSA teachers_NN2 but_CCB in_II31 relation_II32 to_II33 some_DD other_JJ role_NN1 or_CC responsibility_NN1 directly_RR related_VVN to_II teaching_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX are_VBR advisers_NN2 of_IO various_JJ kinds_NN2 ,_, lecturers_NN2 of_IO various_JJ kinds_NN2 ,_, educational_JJ psychologists_NN2 ,_, guidance_NN1 counsellors_NN2 ,_, visiting_VVG teachers_NN2 ,_, special_JJ class_NN1 teachers_NN2 ,_, educational_JJ researchers_NN2 ,_, inspectors_NN2 ,_, educational_JJ administrators_NN2 ,_, curriculum_NN1 developers_NN2 ,_, media_NN specialists_NN2 ,_, adult_JJ educators_NN2 *-_- to_TO name_VVI only_RR the_AT most_RGT obvious_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Secondly_RR ,_, there_EX are_VBR other_JJ changes_NN2 within_II the_AT education_NN1 service_NN1 and_CC within_II society_NN which_DDQ are_VBR adding_VVG to_II the_AT number_NN1 of_IO occupational_JJ groups_NN2 within_II which_DDQ teachers_NN2 are_VBR increasingly_RR working_VVG :_: teachers_NN2 '_GE aides_NN2 ,_, technicians_NN2 ,_, industrial_JJ trainers_NN2 ,_, vocational_JJ guidance_NN1 officers_NN2 ,_, librarians_NN2 ,_, social_JJ workers_NN2 ,_, school_NN1 architects_NN2 ,_, paediatricians_NN2 *-_- again_RT to_TO name_VVI only_RR the_AT most_RGT obvious_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL My_APPGE first_MD conclusion_NN1 ,_, then_RT ,_, is_VBZ that_DD1 a_AT1 state_NN1 department_NNJ 's_GE plans_NN2 for_IF professional_JJ development_NN1 have_VH0 to_TO be_VBI conceived_VVN broadly_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 are_VBR speaking_VVG in_II principle_NN1 about_II every_AT1 occupational_JJ group_NN whose_DDQGE work_NN1 is_VBZ within_II public_JJ education_NN1 or_CC directly_RR related_VVN to_II it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL For_IF where_RRQ there_EX is_VBZ specialization_NN1 of_IO function_NN1 there_EX is_VBZ a_AT1 growing_JJ need_NN1 for_IF the_AT members_NN2 of_IO the_AT various_JJ specialist_JJ roles_NN2 to_TO be_VBI aware_JJ of_IO each_PPX221 other_PPX222 's_GE role_NN1 and_CC responsibility_NN1 and_CC how_RRQ they_PPHS2 contribute_VV0 to_II the_AT larger_JJR objectives_NN2 of_IO public_JJ education_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Furthermore_RR ,_, specialization_NN1 ,_, itself_PPX1 the_AT product_NN1 of_IO change_NN1 ,_, is_VBZ a_AT1 powerful_JJ engine_NN1 of_IO further_JJR change_NN1 *-_- and_CC this_DD1 is_VBZ another_DD1 reason_NN1 why_RRQ the_AT many_DA2 specialized_JJ groups_NN2 must_VM be_VBI kept_VVN in_II communication_NN1 with_IW each_PPX221 other_PPX222 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Nor_CC should_VM we_PPIS2 allow_VVI ourselves_PPX2 to_TO be_VBI mesmerized_VVN by_II the_AT word_NN1 professional_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II our_APPGE societies_NN2 ,_, education_NN1 is_VBZ becoming_VVG too_RG important_JJ to_TO be_VBI left_VVN to_II the_AT professionals_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Lay_JJ participation_NN1 is_VBZ increasing_VVG and_CC ,_, whether_CSW it_PPH1 is_VBZ encouraged_VVN or_CC not_XX ,_, can_VM be_VBI expected_VVN to_TO increase_VVI still_RR further_RRR in_II future_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL By_II the_AT laity_NN1 I_PPIS1 mean_VV0 people_NN who_PNQS by_II occupation_NN1 are_VBR not_XX teachers_NN2 ,_, lecturers_NN2 ,_, tutors_NN2 or_CC others_NN2 whose_DDQGE job_NN1 it_PPH1 is_VBZ to_TO provide_VVI educational_JJ services_NN2 or_CC supporting_JJ services_NN2 of_IO an_AT1 educational_JJ nature_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 have_VH0 in_II mind_NN1 everyone_PN1 from_II parents_NN2 whose_DDQGE interest_NN1 in_II their_APPGE children_NN2 brings_VVZ them_PPHO2 into_II an_AT1 active_JJ involvement_NN1 in_II the_AT work_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE school_NN1 to_II citizens_NN2 whose_DDQGE work_NN1 or_CC leisure_NN1 activities_NN2 bring_VV0 them_PPHO2 into_II the_AT educational_JJ field_NN1 as_CSA facilitators_NN2 of_IO other_JJ people_NN 's_VBZ learning_VVG ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT future_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE societies_NN2 will_VM increasingly_RR be_VBI one_PN1 in_II which_DDQ men_NN2 and_CC women_NN2 ,_, whether_CSW in_II their_APPGE own_DA interest_NN1 or_CC in_II31 association_II32 with_II33 other_JJ like-minded_JJ people_NN ,_, will_VM be_VBI seeking_VVG greater_JJR powers_NN2 of_IO self-determination_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 ,_, for_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, there_EX is_VBZ a_AT1 strong_JJ tradition_NN1 of_IO voluntary_JJ association_NN1 in_II all_DB fields_NN2 of_IO public_JJ life_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ nowhere_RL stronger_JJR or_CC better_RRR organized_VVN nationally_RR or_CC locally_RR than_CSN in_II education_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Parent_NN1 teacher_NN1 associations_NN2 were_VBDR an_AT1 early_JJ example_NN1 of_IO organizations_NN2 that_CST crossed_VVD the_AT boundary_NN1 between_II professional_JJ and_CC the_AT laity_NN1 in_II education_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT number_NN1 and_CC variety_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 organizations_NN2 ,_, each_DD1 one_PN1 stemming_VVG from_II a_AT1 shared_JJ interest_NN1 or_CC concern_NN1 ,_, has_VHZ grown_VVN appreciably_RR ,_, particularly_RR during_II the_AT seventies_MC2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Societies_NN2 for_IF intellectually_RR handicapped_JJ children_NN2 ,_, crippled_JJ children_NN2 ,_, gifted_JJ children_NN2 ,_, and_CC children_NN2 with_IW specific_JJ learning_NN1 difficulties_NN2 are_VBR examples_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL These_DD2 and_CC other_JJ associations_NN2 have_VH0 had_VHN their_APPGE origin_NN1 in_II the_AT education_NN1 system_NN1 or_CC in_II an_AT1 educational_JJ problem_NN1 and_CC have_VH0 developed_VVN their_APPGE own_DA constituency_NN1 of_IO lay_JJ people_NN and_CC professionals_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL An_AT1 organization_NN1 such_II21 as_II22 the_AT International_JJ Reading_NP1 Association_NNJ might_VM well_RR be_VBI a_AT1 pointer_NN1 to_II the_AT future_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 brings_VVZ together_RL for_IF educational_JJ purposes_NN2 people_NN from_II a_AT1 wide_JJ range_NN1 of_IO personal_JJ and_CC professional_JJ backgrounds_NN2 whose_DDQGE common_JJ interest_NN1 is_VBZ more_RGR effective_JJ reading_NN1 at_II all_DB ages_NN2 and_CC wherever_RRQV it_PPH1 is_VBZ a_AT1 human_JJ task_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Its_APPGE focus_NN1 is_VBZ educational_JJ ,_, but_CCB its_APPGE influence_NN1 extends_VVZ far_RR beyond_II the_AT formal_JJ education_NN1 system_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Of_IO equal_JJ importance_NN1 are_VBR organizations_NN2 whose_DDQGE origins_NN2 are_VBR outside_II the_AT education_NN1 system_NN1 but_CCB which_DDQ conclude_VV0 that_DD1 ,_, to_TO achieve_VVI their_APPGE objectives_NN2 ,_, they_PPHS2 need_VV0 to_TO develop_VVI an_AT1 educational_JJ programme_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT temperance_NN1 movement_NN1 is_VBZ one_MC1 of_IO the_AT oldest_JJT of_IO these_DD2 organizations_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II earlier_JJR days_NNT2 its_APPGE interest_NN1 in_II the_AT education_NN1 system_NN1 was_VBDZ largely_RR the_AT interest_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 lobby_NN1 seeking_VVG to_TO ensure_VVI that_DD1 health_NN1 education_NN1 programmes_NN2 in_II schools_NN2 paid_VVD sufficient_JJ attention_NN1 to_II temperance_NN1 as_II a_AT1 virtue_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Now_RT it_PPH1 sees_VVZ its_APPGE educational_JJ programme_NN1 at_II the_AT heart_NN1 of_IO its_APPGE activities_NN2 and_CC seeks_VVZ out_RP the_AT various_JJ kinds_NN2 of_IO professional_JJ expertise_NN1 that_CST will_VM enable_VVI it_PPH1 to_TO promote_VVI its_APPGE own_DA community_NNJ efforts_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Recent_JJ examples_NN2 are_VBR organizations_NN2 that_CST have_VH0 sprung_VVN up_RP from_II a_AT1 concern_NN1 for_IF such_DA issues_NN2 as_II the_AT environment_NN1 ,_, civil_JJ rights_NN2 ,_, open_JJ government_NN ,_, and_CC community_NNJ standards_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL These_DD2 organizations_NN2 see_VV0 themselves_PPX2 with_IW a_AT1 mission_NN1 to_TO carry_VVI out_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL Where_CS they_PPHS2 need_VV0 professional_JJ advice_NN1 they_PPHS2 annex_VV0 it_PPH1 through_II consultation_NN1 or_CC by_II co-option_NN1 ,_, ensuring_VVG ,_, where_RRQ possible_JJ ,_, that_CST the_AT organization_NN1 retains_VVZ its_APPGE own_DA autonomy_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL My_APPGE second_MD conclusion_NN1 ,_, then_RT ,_, is_VBZ that_DD1 relationships_NN2 between_II professionals_NN2 and_CC lay_JJ people_NN will_VM be_VBI as_RG important_JJ as_CSA relationships_NN2 among_II professionals_NN2 in_II the_AT development_NN1 of_IO the_AT policies_NN2 of_IO state_NN1 departments_NNJ2 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 has_VHZ large_JJ implications_NN2 for_IF the_AT professional_JJ socialization_NN1 of_IO teachers_NN2 and_CC other_JJ members_NN2 of_IO the_AT education_NN1 service_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL More_RRR than_CSN any_DD other_JJ professional_JJ group_NN I_PPIS1 can_VM think_VVI of_IO ,_, except_CS the_AT clergy_NN2 and_CC social_JJ workers_NN2 ,_, teachers_NN2 must_VM develop_VVI their_APPGE professionalism_NN1 not_XX as_CSA something_PN1 that_CST widens_VVZ the_AT gulf_NN1 between_II themselves_PPX2 and_CC other_JJ members_NN2 of_IO society_NN but_CCB as_CSA something_PN1 capable_JJ of_IO closing_VVG it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 tall_JJ order_NN1 this_DD1 for_IF an_AT1 occupational_JJ group_NN which_DDQ ,_, for_RR21 long_RR22 enough_RR ,_, has_VHZ aspired_VVN to_II the_AT kind_NN1 of_IO professionalism_NN1 exemplified_VVD by_II doctors_NN2 and_CC lawyers_NN2 *-_- one_PN1 derived_VVN from_II the_AT mystique_NN1 of_IO esoteric_JJ knowledge_NN1 known_VVN only_RR to_II the_AT chosen_JJ few_DA2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 have_VH0 so_RG far_RR touched_VVN on_II questions_NN2 of_IO policy_NN1 that_CST are_VBR implicit_JJ in_II changes_NN2 in_II the_AT division_NN1 of_IO labour_NN1 arising_VVG from_II professional_JJ and_CC social_JJ differentiation_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB these_DD2 changes_NN2 are_VBR not_XX taking_VVG place_NN1 in_II an_AT1 agreed_JJ cultural_JJ matrix_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Cultural_JJ pluralism_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 phrase_NN1 whose_DDQGE implications_NN2 for_IF education_NN1 are_VBR only_RR beginning_VVG to_TO dawn_VVI on_II us_PPIO2 ._. ^ ^_NULL By_II *'_" us_PPIO2 **'_" I_MC1 have_VH0 in_II mind_NN1 not_XX only_RR the_AT officials_NN2 in_II state_NN1 departments_NNJ2 who_PNQS give_VV0 advice_NN1 on_II policy_NN1 but_CCB principals_NN2 ,_, curriculum_NN1 committees_NNJ2 ,_, and_CC all_DB those_DD2 whose_DDQGE responsibility_NN1 it_PPH1 is_VBZ to_TO decide_VVI what_DDQ should_VM be_VBI taught_VVN ,_, to_II whom_PNQO ,_, and_CC under_II what_DDQ conditions_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT forties_MC2 ,_, when_CS I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 student_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 was_VBDZ impressed_VVN on_II us_PPIO2 that_CST a_AT1 prime_JJ educational_JJ aim_NN1 in_II a_AT1 democracy_NN1 was_VBDZ to_TO induct_VVI young_JJ people_NN into_II the_AT heritage_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE common_JJ culture_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT emphasis_NN1 is_VBZ very_RG different_JJ today_RT ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ upon_II cultural_JJ diversity_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Instead_II21 of_II22 a_AT1 single_JJ approved_JJ rallying_JJ cry_NN1 ,_, there_EX are_VBR now_RT many_DA2 good_JJ causes_NN2 that_CST people_NN can_VM *-_- and_CC ,_, increasingly_RR ,_, do_VD0 *-_- commit_VVI themselves_PPX2 to_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL These_DD2 may_VM be_VBI ethnic_JJ ,_, sexual_JJ ,_, religious_JJ ,_, explicitly_RR ideological_JJ ,_, sub-cultural_JJ ,_, or_CC counter-cultural_JJ in_II the_AT sense_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 consciously_RR shared_JJ life_NN1 style_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC the_AT questions_NN2 are_VBR :_: ^_NULL What_DDQ do_VD0 citizens_NN2 whose_DDQGE personal_JJ allegiance_NN1 is_VBZ to_II one_MC1 or_CC other_JJ of_IO these_DD2 group_NN loyalties_NN2 expect_VV0 of_IO the_AT education_NN1 system_NN1 in_II the_AT upbringing_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE children_NN2 ?_? ^ ^_NULL How_RGQ far_RR should_VM the_AT state_NN1 go_VVI to_TO meet_VVI their_APPGE wishes_NN2 ?_? ^ ^_NULL And_CC ,_, if_CS it_PPH1 tries_VVZ to_TO meet_VVI their_APPGE wishes_NN2 ,_, how_RRQ should_VM the_AT education_NN1 system_NN1 go_NN1 about_II it_PPH1 ?_? ^ |_NULL ^_NULL These_DD2 are_VBR difficult_JJ questions_NN2 for_IF educational_JJ establishments_NN2 to_TO come_VVI to_II terms_NN2 with_IW ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 need_VV0 to_TO remind_VVI ourselves_PPX2 how_RRQ much_DA1 of_IO our_APPGE institutional_JJ life_NN1 rests_VVZ on_II assumptions_NN2 of_IO general_JJ agreement_NN1 about_II educational_JJ and_CC social_JJ objectives_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL That_DD1 ,_, as_CSA I_PPIS1 have_VH0 said_VVN ,_, was_VBDZ one_MC1 of_IO the_AT key_JJ assumptions_NN2 of_IO the_AT political_JJ tradition_NN1 of_IO democratic_JJ centralism_NN1 in_II which_DDQ our_APPGE education_NN1 systems_NN2 grew_VVD up_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 coincided_VVD ,_, too_RR ,_, with_IW an_AT1 era_NN1 when_RRQ public_JJ education_NN1 could_VM be_VBI regarded_VVN in_II essentially_RR instrumental_JJ terms_NN2 ,_, that_REX41 is_REX42 to_REX43 say_REX44 ,_, as_II a_AT1 means_NN or_CC as_II a_AT1 preparation_NN1 for_IF something_PN1 else_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL Educational_JJ administration_NN could_VM similarly_RR be_VBI seen_VVN in_II instrumental_JJ terms_NN2 ,_, as_CSA a_ZZ1 means_VVZ by_II which_DDQ the_AT wishes_NN2 of_IO the_AT public_NN ,_, expressed_VVN through_II electoral_JJ procedures_NN2 ,_, were_VBDR put_VVN into_II operation_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL These_DD2 assumptions_NN2 are_VBR losing_VVG their_APPGE motive_NN1 power_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II an_AT1 era_NN1 when_RRQ social_JJ ,_, professional_JJ and_CC institutional_JJ differentiation_NN1 is_VBZ accompanied_VVN by_II cultural_JJ differentiation_NN1 as_RR21 well_RR22 ,_, the_AT centre_NN1 in_II the_AT form_NN1 of_IO departmental_JJ administration_NN becomes_VVZ only_RR one_MC1 focal_JJ point_NN1 and_CC source_NN1 of_IO authority_NN1 and_CC influence_NN1 among_II many_DA2 *-_- and_CC it_PPH1 can_VM no_RR21 longer_RR22 take_VVI its_APPGE legitimacy_NN1 for_IF granted_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL My_APPGE third_MD conclusion_NN1 ,_, then_RT ,_, is_VBZ that_DD1 plans_VVZ and_CC policies_NN2 for_IF professional_JJ development_NN1 in_II education_NN1 must_VM be_VBI made_VVN and_CC carried_VVN out_RP at_II a_AT1 time_NNT1 when_RRQ the_AT once_RR leading_JJ idea_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 common_JJ culture_NN1 is_VBZ under_II increasing_VVG pressure_NN1 from_II organized_JJ groups_NN2 to_TO legitimize_VVI those_DD2 things_NN2 that_CST mark_VV0 them_PPHO2 off_RP from_II other_JJ groups_NN2 in_II society_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL Public_JJ education_NN1 systems_NN2 are_VBR a_AT1 key_JJ social_JJ institution_NN1 in_II the_AT processes_NN2 of_IO assertion_NN1 ,_, public_JJ debate_NN1 ,_, and_CC decision_NN1 that_CST are_VBR associated_VVN with_IW these_DD2 attempts_NN2 at_II legitimation_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX are_VBR ,_, therefore_RR ,_, questions_VVZ to_TO be_VBI faced_VVN about_II the_AT inner_JJ composition_NN1 of_IO educational_JJ administrations_NN2 ,_, the_AT teaching_NN1 profession_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT authoritative_JJ committees_NNJ2 and_CC organizations_NN2 whose_DDQGE perceptions_NN2 and_CC opinions_NN2 influence_VV0 the_AT advice_NN1 and_CC recommendations_NN2 that_CST ministers_NN2 consider_VV0 when_RRQ they_PPHS2 change_VV0 policies_NN2 or_CC introduce_VV0 new_JJ ones_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX are_VBR even_RR more_RGR daunting_JJ questions_NN2 about_II the_AT objectives_NN2 of_IO education_NN1 systems_NN2 and_CC the_AT role_NN1 of_IO professionals_NN2 in_II deciding_VVG these_DD2 objectives_NN2 and_CC carrying_VVG them_PPHO2 out_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL For_IF the_AT more_RRR that_CST the_AT ends_NN2 of_IO education_NN1 become_VV0 ideological_JJ the_AT less_DAR can_VM the_AT teacher_NN1 as_CSA professional_JJ claim_NN1 the_AT right_NN1 to_II the_AT last_MD word_NN1 on_II what_DDQ he_PPHS1 or_CC she_PPHS1 should_VM be_VBI teaching_VVG ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC the_AT more_RRR that_CST the_AT ends_NN2 of_IO education_NN1 become_VV0 ideological_JJ the_AT more_RRR are_VBR schools_NN2 becoming_VVG the_AT instruments_NN2 of_IO group_NN assertiveness_NN1 ,_, partial_JJ views_NN2 ,_, and_CC propaganda_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL If_CS ,_, then_RT ,_, we_PPIS2 take_VV0 cultural_JJ pluralism_NN1 seriously_RR ,_, life_NN1 for_IF the_AT professionals_NN2 who_PNQS serve_VV0 governments_NNJ2 as_CSA educational_JJ administrators_NN2 ,_, and_CC for_IF the_AT professionals_NN2 who_PNQS provide_VV0 educational_JJ services_NN2 ,_, can_VM never_RR be_VBI the_AT same_DA again_RT ._. ^ ^_NULL Views_NN2 of_IO the_AT world_NN1 and_CC of_IO our_APPGE place_NN1 in_II it_PPH1 ,_, which_DDQ we_PPIS2 could_VM earlier_RRR take_VVI for_IF granted_VVN ,_, are_VBR being_VBG challenged_VVN and_CC must_VM be_VBI thought_VVN through_RP again_RT in_II41 the_II42 light_II43 of_II44 radically_RR different_JJ assumptions_NN2 and_CC expectations_NN2 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 260+TEXT+G73_FO **]_NULL ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL At_II Addo_NP1 National_JJ Park_NNL1 ,_, also_RR in_II South_NP Africa_NP1 ,_, about_RG 100_MC elephants_NN2 live_VV0 protected_VVN behind_II a_AT1 steel_NN1 fence_NN1 ._. ^ *"_" ^_NULL From_II slaughter_NN1 to_II strict_JJ preservation_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 tiny_JJ fragment_NN1 *-_- this_DD1 South_NP African_JJ example_NN1 may_VM foreshadow_VVI the_AT future_NN1 of_IO most_DAT of_IO Africa_NP1 's_GE elephants_NN2 ._. **"_" ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT price_NN1 of_IO protecting_VVG these_DD2 animals_NN2 is_VBZ high_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Their_APPGE nomadic_JJ instincts_NN2 are_VBR frustrated_VVN and_CC may_VM eventually_RR be_VBI bred_VVN out_RP ;_; the_AT most_RGT aggressive_JJ animals_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ may_VM damage_VVI perimeter_JJR fences_NN2 or_CC attack_NN1 wardens_NN2 and_CC tourists_NN2 ,_, will_VM be_VBI culled_VVN ;_; surplus_JJ baby_NN1 elephants_NN2 are_VBR sold_VVN to_II circuses_NN2 and_CC zoos_NN2 ;_; temporarily_RR sick_JJ or_CC disabled_JJ animals_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ provide_VV0 an_AT1 outlet_NN1 for_IF elephants_NN2 '_GE altruistic_JJ ,_, supportive_JJ behavioural_JJ needs_NN2 ,_, will_VM be_VBI culled_VVN instead_II21 of_II22 being_VBG healed_VVN or_CC dying_VVG a_AT1 proper_JJ death_NN1 within_II their_APPGE own_DA society_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL These_DD2 selective_JJ pressures_NN2 ,_, and_CC the_AT genetic_JJ isolation_NN1 of_IO small_JJ populations_NN2 ,_, will_VM alter_VVI the_AT gene_NN1 pool_NN1 ,_, probably_RR detrimentally_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL Something_PN1 of_IO the_AT value_NN1 of_IO elephants_NN2 will_VM be_VBI lost_VVN ,_, precisely_RR because_CS the_AT elephants_NN2 are_VBR protected_VVN as_II a_AT1 resource_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *1_NULL Conservationist_JJ arguments_NN2 in_II sum_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL A_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO conservationist_NN1 arguments_NN2 for_IF species_NN protection_NN1 :_: claims_VVZ that_CST the_AT continued_JJ existence_NN1 of_IO various_JJ species_NN is_VBZ necessary_JJ ,_, might_VM be_VBI necessary_JJ ,_, or_CC at_II any_DD rate_NN1 contributes_VVZ to_II human_JJ welfare_NN1 have_VH0 been_VBN discussed_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL No_AT single_JJ argument_NN1 justifies_VVZ a_AT1 commitment_NN1 to_II preserving_VVG species_NN as_II such_DA ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ tempting_JJ to_TO conclude_VVI that_CST even_CS21 though_CS22 each_DD1 of_IO the_AT arguments_NN2 has_VHZ flaws_NN2 ,_, taken_VVN together_RL they_PPHS2 are_VBR conclusive_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 will_VM not_XX do_VDI ._. ^ ^_NULL Michael_NP1 Scriven_NP1 ,_, writing_VVG about_II arguments_NN2 intended_VVD to_TO demonstrate_VVI the_AT existence_NN1 of_IO God_NP1 ,_, refers_VVZ to_II an_AT1 old_JJ story_NN1 about_II a_AT1 theologian_NN1 who_PNQS said_VVD *"_" ^_NULL None_PN of_IO my_APPGE arguments_NN2 is_VBZ any_DD good_JJ by_II itself_PPX1 ,_, but_CCB taken_VVN together_RL they_PPHS2 constitute_VV0 an_AT1 overwhelming_JJ proof_NN1 **"_" ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT conservationist_NN1 ,_, though_CS ,_, may_VM argue_VVI that_CST the_AT attack_NN1 mounted_VVD so_RG far_RR is_VBZ unfair_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ not_XX as_CS21 if_CS22 conservationists_NN2 are_VBR arguing_VVG for_IF deliberate_JJ or_CC casual_JJ destruction_NN1 of_IO species_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL On_II the_AT contrary_NN1 ,_, they_PPHS2 urge_VV0 restraint_NN1 on_II the_AT grounds_NN2 that_DD1 species_NN represent_VV0 irreplaceable_JJ resources_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT variety_NN1 of_IO benefits_NN2 which_DDQ we_PPIS2 do_VD0 ,_, or_CC might_VM expect_VVI to_TO gain_VVI from_II a_AT1 variety_NN1 of_IO species_NN ,_, ought_VMK to_TO make_VVI us_PPIO2 hesitate_NN1 to_TO destroy_VVI or_CC threaten_VVI any_DD species_NN unless_CS there_EX is_VBZ some_DD clear_JJ and_CC considerable_JJ benefit_NN1 which_DDQ could_VM not_XX be_VBI gained_VVN by_II less_RGR destructive_JJ means_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL Our_APPGE knowledge_NN1 of_IO animal_NN1 behaviour_NN1 ,_, genetics_NN and_CC ecology_NN1 is_VBZ still_RR very_RG incomplete_JJ ;_; we_PPIS2 should_VM proceed_VVI with_IW caution_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II many_DA2 cases_NN2 conservationist_NN1 and_CC preservationist_NN1 approaches_NN2 will_VM yield_VVI similar_JJ practical_JJ conclusions_NN2 ,_, even_CS21 though_CS22 for_IF quite_RG different_JJ reasons_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ in_II those_DD2 cases_NN2 where_RRQ no_AT conceivable_JJ use_NN1 can_VM be_VBI imagined_VVN for_IF a_AT1 species_NN that_CST the_AT two_MC approaches_NN2 will_VM yield_VVI differing_VVG conclusions_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 good_JJ example_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT case_NN1 of_IO species_NN whose_DDQGE existence_NN1 is_VBZ actually_RR harmful_JJ to_II human_JJ interests_NN2 ,_, and_CC it_PPH1 is_VBZ to_II this_DD1 problem_NN1 that_CST we_PPIS2 now_RT turn_VV0 ._. ^ *<_NULL *1_NULL Harmful_JJ species_NN *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Some_DD species_NN are_VBR ,_, or_CC may_VM be_VBI useful_JJ ;_; many_DA2 are_VBR almost_RR certainly_RR not_XX ._. ^ ^_NULL Worse_RRR ,_, other_JJ species_NN have_VH0 a_AT1 negative_JJ value_NN1 for_IF humans_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL If_CS the_AT only_JJ value_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 species_NN is_VBZ as_II a_AT1 resource_NN1 ,_, then_RT *'_" harmful_JJ **'_" species_NN presumably_RR can_VM be_VBI exterminated_VVN with_IW a_AT1 clear_JJ conscience_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Such_DA cases_NN2 pose_VV0 difficulties_NN2 for_IF the_AT preservationist_NN1 who_PNQS advocates_VVZ the_AT protection_NN1 of_IO all_DB species_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT smallpox_NN1 virus_NN1 *1_NULL (_( {_NULL Poxvirus_NP1 variolae_NN2 }_NULL )_) *0_NULL is_VBZ probably_RR extinct_JJ *'_" in_II the_AT wild_JJ **'_" thanks_NN2 to_II a_AT1 systematic_JJ vaccination_NN1 campaign_NN1 by_II the_AT World_NN1 Health_NN1 Organisation_NNJ ._. ^ ^_NULL British_JJ microbiologist_NN1 Bernard_NP1 Dixon_NP1 notes_VVZ that_CST *"_" this_DD1 is_VBZ the_AT first_MD time_NNT1 in_II history_NN1 when_RRQ man_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN able_JK to_TO obliterate_VVI *-_- for_IF all_DB time_NNT1 and_CC by_II conscious_JJ ,_, rational_JJ choice_NN1 *-_- a_AT1 particular_JJ form_NN1 of_IO life_NN1 ,_, **"_" and_CC asks_VVZ ,_, *"_" ^_NULL Should_VM the_AT {_NULL WHO_NP1 }_NULL be_VBI applauded_VVN for_IF pioneering_VVG this_DD1 new_JJ form_NN1 of_IO genocide_NN1 or_CC is_VBZ there_EX a_AT1 case_NN1 for_IF the_AT preservationists_NN2 to_TO call_VVI a_AT1 halt_NN1 ?_? **"_" ^ ^_NULL Dixon_NP1 goes_VVZ on_RP to_TO argue_VVI that_CST the_AT virus_NN1 should_VM indeed_RR be_VBI preserved_VVN ,_, both_RR because_CS knowledge_NN1 of_IO it_PPH1 might_VM be_VBI useful_JJ in_II fighting_VVG related_JJ diseases_NN2 ,_, and_CC because_II21 of_II22 its_APPGE potential_JJ use_NN1 in_II genetic_JJ engineering_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB these_DD2 are_VBR arguments_NN2 for_IF protecting_VVG it_PPH1 only_RR in_II laboratories_NN2 :_: the_AT virologists_NN2 who_PNQS wish_VV0 to_TO maintain_VVI it_PPH1 presumably_RR do_VD0 not_XX wish_VVI to_TO preserve_VVI it_PPH1 in_II its_APPGE ecological_JJ role_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT risks_NN2 of_IO maintaining_VVG the_AT species_NN are_VBR enormous_JJ ,_, since_CS fairly_RR soon_RR there_EX will_VM be_VBI no_AT natural_JJ or_CC acquired_JJ immunity_NN1 in_II the_AT human_JJ population_NN1 :_: an_AT1 accidental_JJ or_CC deliberate_JJ release_NN1 could_VM cause_VVI millions_NNO2 of_IO deaths_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX are_VBR less_RGR dramatic_JJ *'_" problem_NN1 species_NN **'_" ,_, including_II agricultural_JJ and_CC other_JJ *'_" pests_NN2 **'_" :_: aphids_NN2 ,_, mealy_RR bugs_VVZ ,_, rats_NN2 ,_, mice_NN2 and_CC silverfish_NN1 for_REX21 instance_REX22 ._. ^ ^_NULL These_DD2 species_NN have_VH0 a_AT1 wider_JJR ecological_JJ role_NN1 than_CSN disease_NN1 organisms_NN2 ,_, whose_DDQGE only_JJ function_NN1 appears_VVZ to_TO be_VBI to_TO keep_VVI down_RP the_AT human_JJ population_NN1 by_II (_( presumably_RR )_) unacceptable_JJ deaths_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX are_VBR also_RR behavioural_JJ and_CC technological_JJ solutions_NN2 to_TO prevent_VVI *'_" pests_NN2 **'_" from_II seriously_RR harming_VVG human_JJ interests_NN2 while_CS not_XX threatening_VVG populations_NN2 in_II areas_NN2 where_RRQ they_PPHS2 do_VD0 not_XX harm_VVI human_JJ interests_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT preservationist_NN1 will_VM be_VBI prepared_VVN to_TO pay_VVI the_AT price_NN1 of_IO such_DA measures_NN2 ,_, even_CS21 though_CS22 extermination_NN1 might_VM be_VBI cheaper_JJR ;_; the_AT conservationist_NN1 will_VM not_XX ._. ^ ^_NULL More_RGR importantly_RR ,_, the_AT preservationist_NN1 seems_VVZ to_TO be_VBI committed_VVN to_II accepting_VVG some_DD human_JJ deaths_NN2 as_II the_AT price_NN1 to_TO be_VBI paid_VVN for_IF saving_VVG species_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL \_NULL J._NP1 Baird_NP1 Callicott_NP1 refers_VVZ to_II Edward_NP Abbey_NNL1 's_GE statement_NN1 that_CST he_PPHS1 would_VM sooner_RRR shoot_VVI a_AT1 man_NN1 than_CSN a_AT1 snake_NN1 ;_; while_CS not_XX going_VVG so_RG far_RR himself_PPX1 ,_, Callicott_NP1 writes_VVZ that_CST *"_" the_AT preciousness_NN1 of_IO individual_NN1 (_( animals_NN2 )_) ..._... is_VBZ inversely_RR proportional_JJ to_II the_AT population_NN1 of_IO the_AT species_NN **"_" and_CC at_RR21 least_RR22 implies_VVZ his_APPGE agreement_NN1 with_IW the_AT view_NN1 that_CST **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT adoption_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 view_NN1 such_II21 as_II22 Callicott_NP1 's_GE requires_VVZ a_AT1 revolution_NN1 in_II our_APPGE ethical_JJ thinking_NN1 ,_, and_CC probably_RR a_AT1 much_RR wider_JJR conceptual_JJ revision_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT conservationist_NN1 ,_, in_II contrast_NN1 ,_, can_VM appeal_VVI to_II concepts_NN2 of_IO the_AT place_NN1 of_IO humans_NN2 in_II nature_NN1 and_CC the_AT value_NN1 of_IO human_JJ life_NN1 which_DDQ are_VBR familiar_JJ to_II and_CC accepted_VVN by_II most_DAT people_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL To_TO make_VVI a_AT1 general_JJ case_NN1 for_IF the_AT preservation_NN1 of_IO all_DB species_NN as_II such_DA ,_, therefore_RR ,_, presents_VVZ a_AT1 considerable_JJ challenge_NN1 *-_- especially_RR when_RRQ the_AT existence_NN1 of_IO the_AT species_NN in_II question_NN1 threatens_VVZ the_AT existence_NN1 of_IO some_DD humans_NN2 ._. ^ *<_NULL *1_NULL Future_JJ generations_NN2 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT conservationist_NN1 case_NN1 has_VHZ a_AT1 further_JJR dimension_NN1 which_DDQ has_VHZ not_XX yet_RR been_VBN considered_VVN :_: that_CST we_PPIS2 are_VBR not_XX (_( presumably_RR )_) the_AT last_MD generation_NN1 of_IO humans_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Even_CS21 if_CS22 we_PPIS2 do_VD0 not_XX perceive_VVI a_AT1 species_NN as_II a_AT1 valuable_JJ resource_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 may_VM be_VBI that_DD1 future_JJ generations_NN2 will_VM ,_, and_CC it_PPH1 might_VM be_VBI thought_VVN that_CST we_PPIS2 ought_VMK not_XX to_TO cut_VVI off_II the_AT option_NN1 of_IO enjoying_VVG or_CC utilising_VVG a_AT1 species_NN merely_RR because_CS we_PPIS2 happen_VV0 not_XX to_II value_NN1 it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 argument_NN1 appeals_VVZ to_II a_AT1 duty_NN1 to_TO conserve_VVI resources_NN2 of_IO all_DB kinds_NN2 for_IF future_JJ generations_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II turn_NN1 ,_, this_DD1 is_VBZ part_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 generally_RR accepted_JJ duty_NN1 to_TO make_VVI some_DD sacrifices_NN2 of_IO present_JJ enjoyment_NN1 for_IF the_AT sake_NN1 of_IO benefits_NN2 to_II future_JJ generations_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Accepting_NP1 ,_, for_IF argument_NN1 's_VBZ sake_NN1 ,_, that_CST these_DD2 duties_NN2 should_VM be_VBI taken_VVN seriously_RR ,_, the_AT conservationist_NN1 could_VM argue_VVI that_CST we_PPIS2 ought_VMK not_XX to_TO deny_VVI future_JJ generations_NN2 the_AT use_NN1 of_IO species_NN for_IF which_DDQ we_PPIS2 have_VH0 no_AT use_NN1 at_RR21 present_RR22 ._. ^ ^_NULL Indeed_RR ,_, perhaps_RR we_PPIS2 ought_VMK even_RR to_TO consider_VVI the_AT possibility_NN1 that_CST they_PPHS2 might_VM be_VBI preservationists_NN2 ,_, who_PNQS will_VM place_VVI inherent_JJ value_NN1 on_II all_DB species_NN !_! ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 argument_NN1 appears_VVZ to_TO reduce_VVI the_AT practical_JJ differences_NN2 between_II the_AT two_MC positions_NN2 to_TO zero_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II fact_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ seriously_RR deficient_JJ for_IF three_MC reasons_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL First_MD ,_, it_PPH1 requires_VVZ us_PPIO2 to_TO speculate_VVI about_II the_AT wants_NN2 ,_, needs_NN2 ,_, and_CC values_NN2 of_IO future_JJ generations_NN2 ,_, but_CCB provides_VVZ no_AT basis_NN1 for_IF such_DA speculation_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 can_VM not_XX know_VVI everything_PN1 they_PPHS2 will_VM value_NN1 ,_, and_CC of_RR21 course_RR22 like_II us_PPIO2 they_PPHS2 will_VM have_VHI to_TO choose_VVI from_II what_DDQ is_VBZ available_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Secondly_RR ,_, the_AT conservationist_NN1 will_VM certainly_RR support_VVI policies_NN2 designed_VVD to_TO protect_VVI species_NN with_II41 a_II42 view_II43 to_II44 the_AT needs_NN2 of_IO future_JJ generations_NN2 ,_, unless_CS strong_JJ reasons_NN2 to_II the_AT contrary_NN1 are_VBR presented_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL Conservation_NN1 implies_VVZ the_AT saving_NN1 of_IO resources_NN2 ,_, even_RR potential_JJ resources_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB in_II some_DD cases_NN2 there_EX may_VM be_VBI good_JJ ,_, perhaps_RR overwhelming_JJ ,_, reasons_NN2 for_IF proceeding_VVG with_IW developments_NN2 which_DDQ destroy_VV0 the_AT habitats_NN2 of_IO rare_JJ species_NN ,_, precisely_RR in_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO provide_VVI benefits_NN2 for_IF future_JJ generations_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, our_APPGE duty_NN1 to_TO provide_VVI energy_NN1 or_CC materials_NN2 for_IF future_JJ generations_NN2 may_VM require_VVI us_PPIO2 to_TO begin_VVI projects_NN2 which_DDQ will_VM not_XX yield_VVI benefits_NN2 for_IF decades_NNT2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 forestry_NN1 planting_VVG ._. ^ ^_NULL Some_DD developments_NN2 of_IO this_DD1 sort_NN1 may_VM destroy_VVI the_AT habitats_NN2 of_IO endangered_JJ species_NN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Thirdly_NP1 ,_, our_APPGE obligations_NN2 to_II the_AT future_NN1 do_VD0 not_XX automatically_RR override_VVI our_APPGE other_JJ obligations_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 also_RR have_VH0 duties_NN2 to_II our_APPGE contemporaries_NN2 ,_, and_CC in_II carrying_VVG them_PPHO2 out_RP we_PPIS2 may_VM sometimes_RT be_VBI using_VVG up_RP resources_NN2 and_CC thereby_RR denying_VVG the_AT benefits_NN2 to_II future_JJ generations_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT nature_NN1 and_CC scope_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE obligations_NN2 to_II the_AT future_NN1 ,_, then_RT ,_, pose_NN1 difficulties_NN2 for_IF both_DB2 the_AT conservationist_NN1 and_CC preservationist_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL For_IF the_AT former_DA ,_, because_CS it_PPH1 is_VBZ not_XX easy_JJ to_TO decide_VVI which_DDQ resources_NN2 should_VM be_VBI used_VVN now_RT and_CC which_DDQ saved_VVN for_IF the_AT future_NN1 ;_; for_IF the_AT latter_DA ,_, because_CS failure_NN1 to_TO proceed_VVI with_IW developments_NN2 may_VM harm_VVI the_AT interests_NN2 of_IO future_NN1 as_CC31 well_CC32 as_CC33 present_JJ generations_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Once_RR21 again_RR22 ,_, the_AT preservationist_NN1 may_VM be_VBI forced_VVN to_TO accept_VVI a_AT1 considerable_JJ loss_NN1 to_II humans_NN2 as_II the_AT price_NN1 to_TO be_VBI paid_VVN for_IF protecting_VVG species_NN ._. ^ *<_NULL *1_NULL Beyond_II species_NN protection_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL So_RR far_RR we_PPIS2 have_VH0 mostly_RR been_VBN considering_VVG species_NN as_CSA isolated_JJ units_NN2 ,_, whose_DDQGE claims_NN2 to_II protection_NN1 must_VM be_VBI based_VVN on_II their_APPGE own_DA properties_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT value_NN1 and_CC interest_NN1 of_IO many_DA2 species_NN has_VHZ often_RR been_VBN conceived_VVN in_II this_DD1 way_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Old_JJ21 fashioned_JJ22 zoos_NN2 exhibited_VVD separate_JJ animals_NN2 in_II cages_NN2 for_IF people_NN to_TO look_VVI at_II ._. ^ ^_NULL Biology_NN1 has_VHZ studied_VVN the_AT physiology_NN1 ,_, morphology_NN1 and_CC (_( more_RGR recently_RR )_) behaviour_NN1 of_IO species_NN in_II isolation_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Propaganda_NP1 for_IF species_NN protection_NN1 focuses_VVZ on_II individual_JJ species_NN ,_, often_RR spectacular_JJ or_CC beautiful_JJ ones_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 tigers_NN2 ,_, kokako_NN1 ,_, or_CC giant_JJ panda_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Legislation_NN1 is_VBZ often_RR species_NN oriented_VVD :_: most_DAT countries_NN2 have_VH0 their_APPGE lists_NN2 of_IO species_NN which_DDQ it_PPH1 is_VBZ forbidden_VVN to_TO harm_VVI ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL A_AT1 different_JJ way_NN1 to_TO approach_VVI the_AT problem_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO focus_VVI on_II the_AT protection_NN1 of_IO ecosystems_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 approach_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX an_AT1 original_JJ one_PN1 ,_, of_RR21 course_RR22 ,_, and_CC is_VBZ behind_II the_AT creation_NN1 of_IO many_DA2 national_JJ parks_NN2 ,_, reserves_NN2 ,_, and_CC protected_JJ habitats_NN2 around_II the_AT world_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT topic_NN1 of_IO wilderness_NN1 preservation_NN1 is_VBZ covered_VVN elsewhere_RL in_II this_DD1 volume_NN1 so_CS we_PPIS2 shall_VM make_VVI only_RR brief_JJ comments_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT following_JJ considerations_NN2 may_VM be_VBI urged_VVN in_II31 favour_II32 of_II33 the_AT protection_NN1 of_IO large_JJ areas_NN2 of_IO land_NN1 and_CC thus_RR of_IO protecting_VVG species_NN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Both_RR the_AT conservationist_NN1 and_CC preservationist_NN1 may_VM argue_VVI that_CST the_AT setting_NN1 aside_RL of_IO large_JJ areas_NN2 is_VBZ a_AT1 duty_NN1 to_II future_JJ generations_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Worldwide_RL ,_, as_CSA development_NN1 proceeds_NN2 ,_, the_AT number_NN1 and_CC variety_NN1 of_IO relatively_RR unmodifed_JJ ecosystems_NN2 is_VBZ steadily_RR shrinking_VVG ._. ^ ^_NULL Unless_CS some_DD areas_NN2 are_VBR protected_VVN absolutely_RR from_II modification_NN1 ,_, future_JJ generations_NN2 will_VM not_XX have_VHI the_AT opportunity_NN1 to_TO have_VHI valuable_JJ aesthetic_NN1 ,_, recreational_JJ ,_, scientific_JJ and_CC spiritual_JJ experiences_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 we_PPIS2 can_VM well_RR afford_VVI to_TO set_VVI aside_RL large_JJ areas_NN2 as_RG National_JJ Parks_NP1 ,_, and_CC as_CSA a_AT1 prosperous_JJ ,_, lightly_RR populated_JJ country_NN1 we_PPIS2 have_VH0 a_AT1 duty_NN1 to_TO do_VDI so_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL Already_RR some_DD of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 's_GE unique_JJ ecosystems_NN2 *-_- tussock_VV0 grassland_NN1 ,_, peat_NN1 bogs_NN2 ,_, lowland_NN1 podocarp_NN1 forest_NN1 *-_- have_VH0 been_VBN greatly_RR reduced_VVN ,_, along_II21 with_II22 the_AT formerly_JJ common_JJ but_CCB now_RT rare_JJ species_NN which_DDQ inhabit_VV0 them_PPHO2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Policies_NN2 to_TO protect_VVI ecosystems_NN2 ,_, and_CC especially_RR fragile_JJ or_CC diminishing_VVG ecosystems_NN2 ,_, can_VM be_VBI justified_VVN by_II an_AT1 appeal_NN1 to_II the_AT presumed_JJ interests_NN2 of_IO future_JJ generations_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ certainly_RR better_JJR to_TO try_VVI to_TO save_VVI species_NN by_II protecting_VVG their_APPGE habitat_NN1 than_CSN to_TO breed_VVI them_PPHO2 in_II captivity_NN1 ,_, for_REX21 instance_REX22 ,_, with_II41 a_II42 view_II43 to_II44 later_JJR reintroduction_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT protection_NN1 of_IO ecosystems_NN2 provides_VVZ hope_NN1 for_IF saving_VVG more_DAR species_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL Many_DA2 species_NN do_VD0 not_XX breed_VVI or_CC even_RR survive_VVI in_II captivity_NN1 ;_; some_DD need_NN1 huge_JJ tracts_NN2 of_IO land_NN1 to_TO migrate_VVI ,_, to_TO engage_VVI in_II display_NN1 flights_NN2 as_II an_AT1 essential_JJ precondition_NN1 of_IO mating_VVG ,_, or_CC just_RR to_TO achieve_VVI psychological_JJ health_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL No_AT animals_NN2 are_VBR indefinitely_RR adaptable_JJ :_: rare_JJ ones_NN2 are_VBR relatively_RR non-adaptable_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Most_DAT species_NN behave_VV0 differently_RR in_II captivity_NN1 than_CSN in_II the_AT wild_JJ ,_, and_CC some_DD captive_JJ populations_NN2 undergo_VV0 genetic_JJ changes_NN2 in_II31 response_II32 to_II33 the_AT special_JJ conditions_NN2 of_IO captivity_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 follows_VVZ that_CST to_TO attempt_VVI to_TO save_VVI a_AT1 species_NN in_II captivity_NN1 is_VBZ justifiable_JJ generally_RR only_RR on_II the_AT grounds_NN2 that_CST the_AT eventual_JJ intention_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO release_VVI it_PPH1 back_RP into_II the_AT wild_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL For_IF various_JJ reasons_NN2 ,_, this_DD1 is_VBZ not_XX always_RR possible_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Captive_JJ animals_NN2 often_RR develop_VV0 behaviour_NN1 traits_NN2 which_DDQ make_VV0 their_APPGE survival_NN1 in_II the_AT wild_JJ unlikely_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL If_CS an_AT1 animal_NN1 is_VBZ exterminated_VVN in_II an_AT1 area_NN1 ,_, other_JJ species_NN will_VM often_RR fill_VVI the_AT vacant_JJ niche_NN1 thus_RR created_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT reintroduced_JJ species_NN may_VM find_VVI ,_, therefore_RR ,_, that_CST it_PPH1 has_VHZ nowhere_RL to_TO go_VVI ;_; in_II any_DD case_NN1 ,_, during_II its_APPGE absence_NN1 a_AT1 new_JJ ecological_JJ balance_NN1 may_VM have_VHI been_VBN struck_VVN ,_, which_DDQ the_AT reintroduction_NN1 will_VM upset_VVI ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Captive_JJ breeding_NN1 over_II several_DA2 generations_NN2 may_VM lead_VVI to_II genetic_JJ degeneration_NN1 ,_, both_RR through_II excessive_JJ in-breeding_NN1 and_CC because_CS captive_JJ environments_NN2 usually_RR differ_VV0 in_II various_JJ ways_NN2 from_II the_AT original_JJ environment_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL These_DD2 differences_NN2 will_VM act_VVI as_RG selective_JJ pressures_NN2 favouring_VVG traits_NN2 which_DDQ may_VM not_XX be_VBI successful_JJ in_II the_AT wild_JJ and_CC cause_VV0 further_JJR problems_NN2 of_IO reintroduction_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL If_CS captive_JJ breeding_NN1 produces_VVZ animals_NN2 significantly_RR different_JJ from_II the_AT wild_JJ population_NN1 ,_, the_AT programme_NN1 will_VM not_XX have_VHI saved_VVN a_AT1 species_NN ,_, but_CCB turned_VVD it_PPH1 into_II something_PN1 else_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ already_RR some_DD evidence_NN1 of_IO significant_JJ genetic_JJ change_NN1 among_II captive_JJ lion_NN1 populations_NN2 ,_, for_REX21 example_REX22 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 261+TEXT+G74_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Most_DAT of_IO you_PPY will_VM be_VBI familiar_JJ with_IW the_AT story_NN1 of_IO *1_NULL The_AT Sorcerer_NP1 's_GE Apprentice_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL It_PPH1 began_VVD as_II a_AT1 fable_NN1 more_RR21 than_RR22 1800_MC years_NNT2 ago_RA ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT German_JJ poet_NN1 Goethe_NP1 used_VVD the_AT theme_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 ballad_NN1 ,_, perhaps_RR in_II41 the_II42 light_II43 of_II44 the_AT Industrial_JJ Revolution_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Paul_NP1 Dukas_NP1 composed_VVD a_AT1 piece_NN1 of_IO symphonic_JJ music_NN1 around_II it_PPH1 and_CC finally_RR Walt_NP1 Disney_NP1 combined_VVD both_RR music_NN1 and_CC story_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 screen_NN1 version_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT favourite_JJ trick_NN1 of_IO the_AT travelling_JJ sorcerer_NN1 was_VBDZ to_TO turn_VVI a_AT1 broomstick_NN1 into_II a_AT1 human_JJ figure_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ then_RT did_VDD all_DB the_AT duties_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 servant_NN1 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 making_VVG meals_NN2 and_CC carrying_VVG water_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL His_APPGE young_JJ apprentice_NN1 found_VVD a_AT1 hiding_NN1 place_NN1 so_CS21 that_CS22 he_PPHS1 could_VM overhear_VVI the_AT words_NN2 of_IO the_AT charm_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL When_CS the_AT sorcerer_NN1 was_VBDZ safely_RR out_II21 of_II22 the_AT way_NN1 he_PPHS1 tried_VVD out_RP the_AT magic_JJ words_NN2 ,_, changed_VVD a_AT1 stick_NN1 into_II a_AT1 human_JJ figure_NN1 and_CC ordered_VVD it_PPH1 to_TO fetch_VVI the_AT water_NN1 from_II the_AT well_NN1 *-_- a_ZZ1 chore_VV0 his_APPGE master_NN1 had_VHD asked_VVN him_PPHO1 to_TO do_VDI ._. ^ ^_NULL At_RR21 first_RR22 all_DB went_VVD well_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB when_CS enough_DD water_NN1 had_VHD been_VBN brought_VVN and_CC the_AT apprentice_NN1 ordered_VVD the_AT slave_NN1 to_TO become_VVI a_AT1 stick_NN1 again_RT ,_, the_AT automaton_NN1 did_VDD not_XX understand_VVI *-_- for_IF the_AT apprentice_NN1 had_VHD not_XX bothered_VVN to_TO learn_VVI the_AT words_NN2 which_DDQ put_VV0 the_AT magic_NN1 in_II reverse_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT senseless_JJ servant_NN1 continued_VVD to_TO fetch_VVI water_NN1 until_CS the_AT room_NN1 overflowed_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II desperation_NN1 the_AT apprentice_NN1 split_VVD the_AT stick_NN1 in_II two_MC with_IW an_AT1 axe_NN1 ,_, only_RR to_II find_NN1 he_PPHS1 now_RT had_VHD two_MC obedient_JJ creatures_NN2 fetching_JJ water_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Only_RR the_AT arrival_NN1 of_IO the_AT sorcerer_NN1 saved_VVD the_AT day_NNT1 ,_, once_RR21 again_RR22 bringing_VVG that_DD1 magical_JJ power_NN1 under_II control_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL This_DD1 fable_NN1 vividly_RR illustrates_VVZ the_AT danger_NN1 of_IO unleashing_VVG forces_NN2 one_PN1 does_VDZ not_XX fully_RR understand_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ all_DB the_AT more_RGR relevant_JJ to_II our_APPGE study_NN1 of_IO advancing_JJ technology_NN1 in_II that_DD1 the_AT practice_NN1 of_IO magic_NN1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 primitive_JJ form_NN1 of_IO technology_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II a_AT1 cultural_JJ context_NN1 where_RRQ supernatural_JJ forces_NN2 were_VBDR assumed_VVN without_IW question_NN1 ,_, magic_NN1 was_VBDZ the_AT supposed_JJ method_NN1 by_II which_DDQ one_PN1 could_VM release_VVI them_PPHO2 and_CC use_VVI them_PPHO2 to_TO achieve_VVI one_PN1 's_GE own_DA ends_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Even_RR to_II this_DD1 day_NNT1 ,_, each_DD1 amazing_JJ ,_, new_JJ technological_JJ advance_NN1 strikes_VVZ the_AT uninitiated_JJ as_II a_AT1 new_JJ burst_NN1 of_IO magic_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 have_VH0 become_VVN very_RG blase_JJ *?_NULL 2_MC about_II handling_VVG a_AT1 tiny_JJ electronic_JJ calculator_NN1 or_CC watching_VVG a_AT1 television_NN1 screen_VVI ,_, but_CCB if_CSW these_DD2 had_VHD been_VBN suddenly_RR presented_VVN to_II people_NN 100_MC years_NNT2 ago_RA ,_, they_PPHS2 would_VM have_VHI stared_VVN in_II disbelief_NN1 and_CC declared_VVN it_PPH1 to_TO be_VBI magic_NN1 made_VVD real_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC advancing_JJ technology_NN1 ,_, like_II ancient_JJ magic_NN1 ,_, has_VHZ been_VBN treated_VVN with_IW both_DB2 awe_VV0 and_CC suspicion_NN1 on_II the_AT grounds_NN2 that_CST it_PPH1 can_VM be_VBI as_RG dangerous_JJ to_TO dabble_VVI with_IW new_JJ forces_NN2 as_CSA it_PPH1 is_VBZ to_TO play_VVI with_IW fire_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Let_VV0 me_PPIO1 illustrate_VVI this_DD1 by_II reference_NN1 to_II the_AT three_MC successive_JJ stages_NN2 of_IO advancing_JJ human_JJ technology_NN1 ,_, described_VVN in_II the_AT first_MD chapter_NN1 as_II the_AT tool-age_NN1 ,_, the_AT machine-age_NN1 and_CC the_AT computer-age_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Even_RR the_AT simple_JJ tool_NN1 can_VM occasionally_RR cause_VVI us_PPIO2 physical_JJ harm_NN1 if_CS not_XX properly_RR used_VVN ,_, as_CSA everyone_PN1 who_PNQS has_VHZ hit_VVN their_APPGE thumb_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 hammer_NN1 has_VHZ only_RR too_RG painfully_RR learned_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL When_CS we_PPIS2 move_VV0 into_II the_AT machine-age_NN1 ,_, however_RR ,_, the_AT potential_JJ dangers_NN2 increase_VV0 tremendously_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL Because_CS the_AT machine_NN1 has_VHZ its_APPGE own_DA source_NN1 of_IO energy_NN1 it_PPH1 is_VBZ not_XX under_II the_AT direct_JJ control_NN1 of_IO humans_NN2 in_II the_AT way_NN1 hand-tools_NN2 are_VBR ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 can_VM often_RR do_VDI untold_JJ damage_NN1 before_CS it_PPH1 can_VM be_VBI brought_VVN to_II a_AT1 stop_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Fifty_MC years_NNT2 ago_RA Upton_NP1 Sinclair_NP1 was_VBDZ alerting_VVG the_AT unsuspecting_JJ American_JJ public_NN to_II some_DD of_IO these_DD2 dangers_NN2 by_II recording_VVG some_DD hair-raising_JJ stories_NN2 of_IO human_JJ disasters_NN2 which_DDQ had_VHD occurred_VVN in_II the_AT industrial_JJ world_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 has_VHZ become_VVN necessary_JJ to_TO ensure_VVI by_II legislation_NN1 an_AT1 ever-increasing_JJ number_NN1 of_IO safety_NN1 devices_NN2 along_II21 with_II22 careful_JJ supervision_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT dangers_NN2 we_PPIS2 may_VM suffer_VVI as_II a_AT1 direct_JJ result_NN1 of_IO computer_NN1 malfunctioning_VVG are_VBR of_IO a_AT1 different_JJ kind_NN1 *-_- but_CCB are_VBR no_AT less_RGR serious_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Some_DD time_NNT1 ago_RA a_AT1 business_NN1 firm_NNJ with_IW which_DDQ I_PPIS1 occasionally_RR deal_VV0 billed_VVN me_PPIO1 for_IF *+_NULL $5,000_NNU for_IF a_AT1 load_NN1 of_IO bricks_NN2 I_PPIS1 had_VHD supposedly_RR purchased_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL When_CS I_PPIS1 complained_VVD that_CST I_PPIS1 had_VHD no_AT knowledge_NN1 of_IO such_DA a_AT1 purchase_NN1 I_PPIS1 received_VVD a_AT1 quick_JJ apology_NN1 ,_, with_IW the_AT explanation_NN1 that_CST it_PPH1 was_VBDZ due_II21 to_II22 computer_NN1 error_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL No_AT harm_NN1 resulted_VVD on_II that_DD1 occasion_NN1 ,_, but_CCB it_PPH1 will_VM be_VBI a_AT1 very_RG different_JJ matter_NN1 if_CS computer_NN1 error_NN1 sparks_VVZ off_II a_AT1 nuclear_JJ war_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II any_DD case_NN1 we_PPIS2 shall_VM never_RR really_RR know_VVI how_RGQ much_DA1 an_AT1 incorrect_JJ computer_NN1 setting_NN1 contributed_VVD to_II the_AT \_NULL Mt_NNL1 Erebus_NP disaster_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Strictly_RR speaking_VVG ,_, computers_NN2 do_VD0 not_XX make_VVI errors_NN2 ,_, any_DD more_DAR than_CSN machines_NN2 make_VV0 the_AT accidents_NN2 they_PPHS2 cause_VV0 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ no_AT more_RGR just_RR ,_, to_TO blame_VVI the_AT machine_NN1 and_CC the_AT computer_NN1 ,_, than_CSN it_PPH1 is_VBZ to_TO blame_VVI the_AT hammer_NN1 which_DDQ has_VHZ hit_VVN your_APPGE thumb_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Tools_NN2 ,_, machines_NN2 and_CC computers_NN2 have_VH0 all_RR been_VBN conceived_VVN by_II humans_NN2 ,_, been_VBN constructed_VVN by_II humans_NN2 ,_, and_CC remain_VV0 subject_NN1 ultimately_RR to_II human_JJ control_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL What_DDQ these_DD2 technological_JJ devices_NN2 do_VD0 is_VBZ to_TO reflect_VVI the_AT imperfections_NN2 and_CC errors_NN2 of_IO their_APPGE makers_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Moreover_RR they_PPHS2 have_VH0 the_AT capacity_NN1 to_TO magnify_VVI those_DD2 errors_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT more_RGR complex_JJ the_AT device_NN1 ,_, the_AT more_RRR it_PPH1 may_VM lead_VVI to_II unintended_JJ calamity_NN1 on_II an_AT1 ascending_JJ scale_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 machine_NN1 which_DDQ is_VBZ out_II21 of_II22 control_NN1 can_VM do_VDI more_DAR damage_NN1 than_CSN a_AT1 tool_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 computer_NN1 could_VM do_VDI more_RGR widespread_JJ damage_NN1 than_CSN a_AT1 machine_NN1 if_CSW ,_, for_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, a_AT1 government_NN were_VBDR to_TO base_VVI its_APPGE economic_JJ policy_NN1 on_II computer_NN1 conclusions_NN2 which_DDQ were_VBDR seriously_RR in_II error_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Because_CS tools_NN2 ,_, machines_NN2 and_CC computers_NN2 are_VBR (_( logically_RR )_) simply_RR extensions_NN2 of_IO our_APPGE own_DA limbs_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 are_VBR just_RR as_RG responsible_JJ for_IF what_DDQ they_PPHS2 do_VD0 as_CSA we_PPIS2 are_VBR for_IF the_AT actions_NN2 of_IO our_APPGE arms_NN2 and_CC legs_NN2 and_CC for_IF our_APPGE own_DA mental_JJ reasoning_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ very_RG tempting_JJ to_TO disown_VVI them_PPHO2 when_RRQ it_PPH1 suits_VVZ us_PPIO2 ,_, shift_VV0 the_AT blame_NN1 to_II them_PPHO2 and_CC protest_VV0 our_APPGE own_DA innocence_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 humans_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN doing_VDG that_DD1 ever_RR since_CS we_PPIS2 developed_VVD sufficient_JJ ethical_JJ sensitivity_NN1 to_TO experience_VVI guilt_NN1 ,_, as_CSA the_AT myth_NN1 of_IO Adam_NP1 and_CC Eve_NP1 so_RG clearly_RR portrays_VVZ ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT man_NN1 tried_VVD to_TO shift_VVI the_AT blame_NN1 for_IF having_VHG eaten_VVN the_AT forbidden_JJ fruit_NN on_II21 to_II22 the_AT woman_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT woman_NN1 in_II turn_NN1 claimed_VVD it_PPH1 was_VBDZ the_AT serpent_NN1 who_PNQS beguiled_VVD her_PPHO1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Since_CS the_AT serpent_NN1 was_VBDZ as_RG low_JJ as_CSA one_PN1 could_VM get_VVI ,_, there_EX was_VBDZ no_AT other_JJ creature_NN1 to_II which_DDQ it_PPH1 could_VM pass_VVI the_AT buck_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Even_RR in_II the_AT tool-age_NN1 it_PPH1 was_VBDZ not_XX uncommon_JJ for_IF a_AT1 man_NN1 to_TO blame_VVI a_AT1 poor_JJ job_NN1 on_II21 to_II22 his_APPGE tools_NN2 or_CC for_IF a_AT1 housewife_NN1 to_TO blame_VVI her_APPGE burnt_JJ cakes_NN2 on_II21 to_II22 the_AT range_NN1 she_PPHS1 had_VHD to_TO work_VVI with_IW ._. ^ ^_NULL Yet_RR it_PPH1 was_VBDZ said_VVN to_TO be_VBI the_AT mark_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 good_JJ craftsman_NN1 never_RR to_TO blame_VVI his_APPGE tools_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 alone_RR controlled_VVD them_PPHO2 and_CC was_VBDZ responsible_JJ for_IF their_APPGE use_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX are_VBR two_MC reasons_NN2 ,_, however_RR ,_, why_RRQ it_PPH1 is_VBZ easier_JJR to_TO persuade_VVI ourselves_PPX2 that_CST the_AT machine_NN1 or_CC the_AT computer_NN1 is_VBZ at_II fault_NN1 rather_II21 than_II22 ourselves_PPX2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT first_MD is_VBZ that_CST ,_, unlike_II the_AT hand-tool_NN1 ,_, the_AT machine_NN1 and_CC the_AT computer_NN1 are_VBR constructed_VVN and_CC operated_VVN by_II a_AT1 group_NN of_IO people_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT responsibility_NN1 for_IF the_AT operation_NN1 is_VBZ shared_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ much_RR easier_JJR to_TO hide_VVI oneself_PNX1 in_II a_AT1 group_NN and_CC avoid_VV0 the_AT full_JJ force_NN1 of_IO the_AT accusation_NN1 than_CSN to_TO have_VHI to_TO face_VVI the_AT complete_JJ responsibility_NN1 by_II oneself_PNX1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT second_MD most_RGT important_JJ reason_NN1 is_VBZ that_DD1 advancing_JJ technology_NN1 has_VHZ had_VHN the_AT effect_NN1 of_IO bringing_VVG a_AT1 veil_NN1 of_IO ambiguity_NN1 over_II the_AT question_NN1 of_IO responsibility_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Machines_NN2 and_CC computers_NN2 give_VV0 the_AT appearance_NN1 *-_- however_RRQV false_JJ that_CST may_VM ultimately_RR be_VBI *-_- of_IO doing_VDG things_NN2 by_II themselves_PPX2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ just_RR as_CS21 if_CS22 the_AT machine_NN1 or_CC the_AT computer_NN1 is_VBZ an_AT1 embryonic_JJ self_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Sherry_NP1 Turtle_NN1 ,_, in_II her_APPGE recent_JJ study_NN1 of_IO the_AT effect_NN1 of_IO computers_NN2 from_II the_AT point_NN1 of_IO view_NN1 of_IO one_PN1 who_PNQS is_VBZ both_RR a_AT1 psychologist_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 sociologist_NN1 ,_, called_VVN her_APPGE book_NN1 *1_NULL The_AT Second_MD Self_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT computer_NN1 becomes_VVZ a_AT1 kind_NN1 of_IO other_JJ self_NN1 ,_, from_II whom_PNQO one_PN1 can_VM also_RR distance_NN1 oneself_PNX1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Whether_CSW a_AT1 computer_NN1 can_VM be_VBI legitimately_RR regarded_VVN as_CS possessing_VVG intelligence_NN1 we_PPIS2 will_VM leave_VVI until_CS the_AT next_MD chapter_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB complex_JJ machines_NN2 *-_- and_CC now_RT computers_NN2 *-_- are_VBR often_RR treated_VVN by_II humans_NN2 as_CS21 if_CS22 they_PPHS2 *1_NULL were_VBDR *0_NULL living_JJ beings_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ must_VM consequently_RR bear_VVI responsibility_NN1 for_IF what_DDQ they_PPHS2 produce_VV0 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 new_JJ grey_JJ area_NN1 in_II our_APPGE relation_NN1 to_II machines_NN2 means_VVZ that_CST instead_II21 of_II22 our_APPGE ultimate_JJ responsibility_NN1 being_VBG *1_NULL direct_JJ *0_NULL and_CC hence_RR ,_, quite_RG clear_JJ ,_, it_PPH1 has_VHZ become_VVN blurred_VVD by_II a_AT1 veil_NN1 of_IO ambiguity_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL This_DD1 may_VM be_VBI illustrated_VVN by_II referring_VVG to_II a_AT1 well-known_JJ theological_JJ problem_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Many_DA2 may_VM regard_VVI the_AT theology_NN1 as_II a_RR21 bit_RR22 outmoded_JJ ,_, but_CCB if_CSW so_CS ,_, this_DD1 is_VBZ partly_RR because_CS the_AT logic_NN1 of_IO the_AT problem_NN1 remains_VVZ as_RG poignant_JJ as_CSA ever_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ this_DD1 ._. ^ ^_NULL If_CS God_NP1 created_VVD human_JJ beings_NN2 who_PNQS are_VBR not_XX only_RR free_JJ to_II sin_NN1 but_CCB have_VH0 in_II fact_NN1 sinned_VVD ,_, then_RT God_NP1 himself_PPX1 can_VM not_XX be_VBI wholly_RR free_JJ of_IO blame_NN1 for_IF what_DDQ has_VHZ befallen_VVN the_AT world_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL God_NP1 must_VM be_VBI held_VVN indirectly_RR responsible_JJ ,_, not_XX only_RR for_IF the_AT so-called_JJ natural_JJ evils_NN2 like_II earthquakes_NN2 ,_, storms_NN2 and_CC plagues_NN2 ,_, but_CCB even_RR for_IF the_AT evil_NN1 which_DDQ humans_NN2 themselves_PPX2 have_VH0 committed_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL Adam_NP1 simply_RR passed_VVD the_AT buck_NN1 downwards_RL ,_, like_II the_AT stereotype_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 public_JJ servant_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 did_VDD not_XX think_VVI to_TO counter_VVI God_NP1 face_NN1 to_II face_NN1 with_IW this_DD1 divine_JJ responsibility_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB that_DD1 is_VBZ exactly_RR what_DDQ Job_NP1 did_VDD do_VDI !_! ^ ^_NULL Ever_RR since_CS the_AT time_NNT1 of_IO Job_NN1 theologians_NN2 have_VH0 wrestled_VVN with_IW this_DD1 problem_NN1 ,_, trying_VVG (_( rather_RG ironically_RR )_) to_TO get_VVI God_NP1 off_II the_AT hook_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL No_AT satisfactory_JJ solution_NN1 has_VHZ ever_RR been_VBN found_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ no_AT way_NN1 in_II which_DDQ an_AT1 almighty_JJ ,_, all-wise_JJ and_CC all-loving_JJ Creator_NP1 God_NP1 can_VM be_VBI reconciled_VVN with_IW the_AT present_JJ state_NN1 of_IO the_AT world_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL If_CS God_NP1 wholly_RR created_VVD the_AT world_NN1 out_II21 of_II22 nothing_PN1 ,_, then_RT that_CST God_NP1 must_VM ,_, indirectly_RR at_RR21 least_RR22 ,_, bear_NN1 some_DD responsibility_NN1 for_IF the_AT way_NN1 it_PPH1 is_VBZ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL But_CCB this_DD1 very_RG same_DA problem_NN1 has_VHZ now_RT landed_VVN on_II our_APPGE human_JJ plate_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL As_II the_AT creators_NN2 of_IO advancing_JJ technology_NN1 we_PPIS2 can_VM not_XX avoid_VVI bearing_VVG full_JJ responsibility_NN1 ,_, indirect_JJ though_CS it_PPH1 may_VM be_VBI ,_, for_IF all_DB that_CST tools_NN2 ,_, machines_NN2 and_CC computers_NN2 are_VBR doing_VDG to_II the_AT world_NN1 ..._... for_IF better_JJR or_CC for_IF worse_JJR ._. ^ ^_NULL Yet_RR the_AT two_MC factors_NN2 I_PPIS1 have_VH0 referred_VVN to_II *-_- first_MD ,_, the_AT shared_JJ character_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE responsibility_NN1 and_CC second_NNT1 ,_, the_AT indirect_JJ nature_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE responsibility_NN1 *-_- combine_VV0 together_RL to_TO give_VVI us_PPIO2 a_AT1 sense_NN1 of_IO helplessness_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 must_VM collectively_RR bear_VVI responsibility_NN1 for_IF our_APPGE technology_NN1 and_CC yet_RR we_PPIS2 feel_VV0 we_PPIS2 are_VBR no_RR21 longer_RR22 in_II control_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Let_VV0 me_PPIO1 put_VVI it_PPH1 this_DD1 way_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II normal_JJ health_NN1 we_PPIS2 feel_VV0 that_CST our_APPGE legs_NN2 and_CC arms_NN2 are_VBR completely_RR under_II our_APPGE control_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 do_VD0 what_DDQ we_PPIS2 wish_VV0 without_IW our_APPGE even_RR thinking_VVG about_II them_PPHO2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II certain_JJ failures_NN2 of_IO health_NN1 ,_, however_RR ,_, our_APPGE limbs_NN2 do_VD0 not_XX so_RR respond_VVI to_II our_APPGE intentions_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 say_VV0 we_PPIS2 feel_VV0 as_CS21 if_CS22 they_PPHS2 do_VD0 not_XX belong_VVI to_II us_PPIO2 ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC because_II21 of_II22 this_DD1 we_PPIS2 feel_VV0 helpless_JJ ,_, even_RR disoriented_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 can_VM be_VBI like_II that_DD1 with_IW the_AT technological_JJ extensions_NN2 to_II our_APPGE limbs_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 may_VM occur_VVI in_II various_JJ ways_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL When_CS the_AT engine_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE motorcar_NN1 suddenly_RR splutters_VVZ and_CC stops_VVZ on_II a_AT1 lonely_JJ road_NN1 and_CC we_PPIS2 face_VV0 a_AT1 motionless_JJ silence_NN1 ,_, how_RRQ helpless_JJ we_PPIS2 suddenly_RR feel_VV0 ._. ^ ^_NULL At_II one_MC1 moment_NN1 we_PPIS2 are_VBR in_II control_NN1 ,_, moving_VVG to_II our_APPGE destination_NN1 at_II a_AT1 rapid_JJ speed_NN1 ;_; the_AT next_MD moment_NN1 our_APPGE ability_NN1 to_TO control_VVI our_APPGE circumstances_NN2 has_VHZ been_VBN suddenly_RR reduced_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ just_RR as_CS21 if_CS22 our_APPGE legs_NN2 have_VH0 suddenly_RR crumpled_VVN beneath_II us_PPIO2 *-_- and_CC the_AT car_NN1 is_VBZ in_II fact_NN1 our_APPGE artificial_JJ legs_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ even_RR worse_JJR if_CS the_AT steering_NN1 suddenly_RR malfunctions_NN2 and_CC we_PPIS2 find_VV0 ourselves_PPX2 at_II the_AT mercy_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 mindless_JJ machine_NN1 hurtling_VVG forward_RL with_IW absolutely_RR no_AT sense_NN1 of_IO direction_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 shall_VM never_RR forget_VVI a_AT1 moment_NN1 I_PPIS1 had_VHD some_DD 40_MC years_NNT2 ago_RA ,_, when_CS I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ driving_VVG eight_MC or_CC nine_MC children_NN2 home_RL from_II a_AT1 picnic_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 gravel_NN1 road_NN1 ,_, deeply_RR corrugated_VVD by_II heavy_JJ traffic_NN1 ,_, with_IW not_XX even_RR a_AT1 fence_NN1 between_II it_PPH1 and_CC the_AT fast-flowing_JJ Waitaki_NP1 river_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Suddenly_RR there_EX was_VBDZ a_AT1 blow-out_NN1 and_CC the_AT car_NN1 careered_VVD madly_RR from_II one_MC1 side_NN1 of_IO the_AT road_NN1 to_II the_AT other_JJ until_CS I_PPIS1 finally_RR brought_VVD it_PPH1 safely_RR to_II a_AT1 stop_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL But_CCB there_EX are_VBR other_JJ ways_NN2 in_II which_DDQ our_APPGE technology_NN1 makes_VVZ us_PPIO2 feel_VVI helpless_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL As_II the_AT annual_JJ toll_NN1 of_IO deaths_NN2 on_II our_APPGE roads_NN2 so_RG tragically_RR reminds_VVZ us_PPIO2 ,_, the_AT entry_NN1 into_II the_AT machine-age_NN1 has_VHZ meant_VVN that_CST ,_, along_II21 with_II22 all_DB the_AT benefits_NN2 our_APPGE machinery_NN1 has_VHZ brought_VVN us_PPIO2 ,_, there_EX has_VHZ also_RR been_VBN a_AT1 magnification_NN1 of_IO human_JJ tragedy_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ an_AT1 instructive_JJ aspect_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 ,_, which_DDQ I_MC1 first_MD heard_VVD expounded_VVD some_DD years_NNT2 ago_RA by_II zoologist_NN1 and_CC Nobel_NP1 Prize_NN1 winner_NN1 ,_, George_NP1 Wald_NP1 ,_, of_IO Harvard_NP1 University_NNL1 ._. ^ ^_NULL What_DDQ he_PPHS1 said_VVD went_VVD something_PN1 like_II this_DD1 ._. ^ ^_NULL For_IF some_DD 200_MC million_NNO years_NNT2 this_DD1 Earth_NP1 belonged_VVD to_II the_AT reptiles_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT dinosaurs_NN2 were_VBDR the_AT lords_NN2 of_IO the_AT Earth_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 were_VBDR the_AT biggest_JJT land_NN1 animals_NN2 that_CST have_VH0 ever_RR existed_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 were_VBDR well-protected_JJ with_IW armour-plate_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 were_VBDR well-armed_JJ with_IW horns_NN2 ,_, teeth_NN2 and_CC claws_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Those_DD2 dinosaurs_NN2 looked_VVD impregnable_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL But_CCB back_RP among_II the_AT trees_NN2 were_VBDR a_AT1 small_JJ group_NN of_IO tender_JJ ,_, defenceless_JJ animals_NN2 *-_- the_AT first_MD mammals_NN2 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 262+TEXT+G75_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL During_II World_NN1 War_NN1 1_MC1 the_AT Red_NP Cross_NNL1 was_VBDZ unable_JJ to_TO cope_VVI with_IW the_AT demands_NN2 made_VVN on_II it_PPH1 and_CC was_VBDZ taken_VVN over_RP by_II New_NP York_NP1 bankers_NN2 ,_, who_PNQS used_VVD the_AT Red_NP Cross_NNL1 Mission_NN1 that_CST went_VVD to_II Russia_NP1 in_II 1917_MC to_TO send_VVI ,_, through_II the_AT National_JJ City_NN1 Bank_NN1 ,_, one_MC1 million_NNO dollars_NNU2 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 money_NN1 was_VBDZ used_VVN for_IF political_JJ purposes_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Unknown_JJ to_II its_APPGE administrators_NN2 ,_, the_AT Red_NP Cross_NNL1 was_VBDZ being_VBG used_VVN as_II a_AT1 cover_NN1 for_IF revolutionary_JJ activities_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II 1919_MC a_ZZ1 summary_NN1 of_IO loans_NN2 granted_VVN by_II American_JJ banks_NN2 to_II German_JJ interests_NN2 in_II World_NN1 War_NN1 1_MC1 was_VBDZ given_VVN to_II the_AT Overman_NP1 Committee_NNJ of_IO the_AT {_NULL US_NP }_NULL Senate_NNJ by_II the_AT {_NULL US_PPIO2 }_NULL Military_JJ Intelligence_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Goods_NN2 were_VBDR sent_VVN from_II the_AT {_NULL US_PPIO2 }_NULL to_II Germany_NP1 by_II31 way_II32 of_II33 Sweden_NP1 ,_, Switzerland_NP1 and_CC Holland_NP1 between_II 1915_MC and_CC 1918_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT first_MD major_JJ loan_NN1 was_VBDZ for_IF *+_NULL $400,000_NNU ,_, then_RT *+_NULL $1.3_NNU million_NNO ,_, then_RT *+_NULL $3_NNU million_NNO and_CC then_RT *+_NULL $1_NNU million_NNO ._. ^ ^_NULL These_DD2 loans_NN2 financed_VVD spy_NN1 activities_NN2 in_II the_AT {_NULL US_PPIO2 }_NULL and_CC Mexico_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Overton_NP1 Committee_NNJ also_RR established_VVN that_CST Guaranty_NP1 Trust_NNJ of_IO Wall_NP \_NULL St._NNL1 had_VHD an_AT1 active_JJ role_NN1 in_II financing_VVG Germany_NP1 in_II World_NN1 War_NN1 1_MC1 at_II the_AT same_DA time_NNT1 as_CSA they_PPHS2 were_VBDR financing_VVG the_AT allies_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT German_JJ government_NN also_RR financed_VVD Lenin_NP1 's_GE revolutionary_JJ activities_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Frontman_NP1 for_IF the_AT International_JJ Bankers_NN2 in_II Russia_NP1 was_VBDZ William_NP1 Boyce_NP1 Thompson_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 very_RG wealthy_JJ promoter_NN1 of_IO mining_VVG stocks_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 and_CC his_APPGE associates_NN2 in_II Wall_NP Street_NNL1 gave_VVD financial_JJ and_CC more_RGR important_JJ ,_, diplomatic_JJ and_CC propaganda_NN1 assistance_NN1 to_II Trotsky_NP1 and_CC Lenin_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL French_JJ government_NN documents_NN2 confirm_VV0 that_CST Thompson_NP1 's_GE deputy_NN1 ,_, Raymond_NP1 Robins_NP1 ,_, spread_VVD bolshevik_NN1 propaganda_NN1 in_II Europe_NP1 and_CC Thompson_NP1 was_VBDZ able_JK to_TO bring_VVI pressure_NN1 to_TO bear_VVI on_II Lloyd_NP1 George_NP1 and_CC the_AT British_JJ War_NN1 Cabinet_NNJ and_CC swing_VV0 them_PPHO2 around_RP to_II Trotsky_NP1 &_CC \_NULL Co_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Jan_NP1 Smuts_NP1 called_VVD Trotsky_NP1 a_AT1 consummate_JJ scoundrel_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Thompson_NP1 's_GE objective_NN1 was_VBDZ to_TO keep_VVI Russia_NP1 at_II war_NN1 with_IW Germany_NP1 and_CC retain_NN1 Russia_NP1 as_II a_AT1 market_NN1 for_IF postwar_JJ American_JJ enterprise_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ German_JJ commercial_JJ and_CC industrial_JJ exploitation_NN1 of_IO Russia_NP1 that_CST Thompson_NP1 &_CC \_NULL Co_NP1 feared_VVD and_CC brought_VVD them_PPHO2 into_II an_AT1 alliance_NN1 with_IW the_AT bolsheviks_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Thompson_NP1 and_CC his_APPGE handful_NN1 of_IO banker_NN1 and_CC promoter_NN1 cohorts_NN2 were_VBDR not_XX bolsheviks_NN2 or_CC communists_NN2 ,_, socialists_NN2 or_CC democrats_NN2 ,_, they_PPHS2 simply_RR wanted_VVD a_AT1 captive_JJ market_NN1 in_II Russia_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Wall_NP Street_NNL1 achieved_VVD its_APPGE goal_NN1 *-_- American_JJ firms_NNJ2 controlled_VVN by_II this_DD1 syndicate_NN1 were_VBDR later_JJR to_TO go_VVI on_RP and_CC build_VVI the_AT Soviet_JJ Union_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Leon_NP1 Trotsky_NP1 declared_VVD himself_PPX1 an_AT1 *4_NULL Internationalist_NN1 ,_, *0_NULL he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ for_IF *2_NULL WORLD_NN1 *0_NULL revolution_NN1 and_CC for_IF *2_NULL WORLD_NN1 *0_NULL dictatorship_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL John_NP1 \_NULL D._NP1 Rockefeller_NP1 ,_, in_II his_APPGE book_NN1 *"_" The_AT Second_MD American_JJ Revolution_NN1 **"_" has_VHZ a_AT1 plea_NN1 for_IF Humanism_NN1 ,_, in_II other_JJ words_NN2 ,_, a_AT1 plea_NN1 for_IF collectivism_NN1 ,_, Humanism_NN1 *2_NULL IS_VBZ *0_NULL Collectivism_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Really_RR a_AT1 continuation_NN1 of_IO the_AT earlier_JJR Morgan-Rockefeller_NP1 support_NN1 of_IO collectivist_NN1 enterprises_NN2 and_CC mass_JJ subversion_NN1 of_IO individual_JJ rights_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II *"_" The_AT Confessions_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 Monopolist_JJ **"_" Frederick_NP1 \_NULL C._NP1 Howe_NP1 says_VVZ *"_" ^_NULL To_TO control_VVI industries_NN2 it_PPH1 is_VBZ necessary_JJ to_TO control_VVI Congress_NNJ ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT two_MC principles_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 successful_JJ monopolist_NN1 are_VBR __NULL |_NULL 1_MC1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Let_VVN Society_NNJ work_VVI for_IF you_PPY |_NULL 2_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL Make_VV0 a_AT1 business_NN1 of_IO politics_NN **"_" ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Since_II then_RT this_DD1 closed_VVD Wall_NP Street_NNL1 complex_NN1 has_VHZ continued_VVN to_TO build_VVI Russia_NP1 ,_, economically_RR and_CC militarily_RR ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL This_DD1 group_NN of_IO International_JJ Bankers_NN2 backed_VVD the_AT bolshevik_NN1 revolution_NN1 and_CC profited_VVD from_II the_AT establishment_NN of_IO a_AT1 Soviet_JJ Union_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 backed_VVD Roosevelt_NP1 and_CC profited_VVD from_II the_AT New_JJ Deal_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 backed_VVD Hitler_NP1 and_CC profited_VVD from_II German_JJ armament_NN1 in_II the_AT 1930_MC 's_GE ._. ^ ^_NULL Even_RR during_II World_NN1 War_NN1 11_MC Standard_JJ Oil_NN1 of_IO {_NULL US_PPIO2 }_NULL developed_VVD synthetic_JJ rubber_NN1 and_CC gasoline_NN1 for_IF war_NN1 purposes_NN2 on_II31 behalf_II32 of_II33 the_AT Nazi_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ only_JJ part_NN1 of_IO the_AT aid_NN1 the_AT Nazi_NN1 received_VVN from_II the_AT International_JJ Financiers_NN2 as_CSA recorded_VVN by_II Anthony_NP1 Sutton_NP1 ,_, American_JJ university_NN1 professor_NN1 and_CC writer_NN1 ,_, in_II *"_" Wall_NP Street_NNL1 and_CC the_AT Rise_NN1 of_IO Hitler_NP1 **"_" ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ documentary_NN1 evidence_NN1 that_CST Wall_NP Street_NNL1 financed_VVD the_AT 1912_MC Sun_NN1 Yat-Sen_NP1 revolution_NN1 in_II China_NP1 and_CC Lamont_NP1 ,_, head_NN1 of_IO {_NULL J.P_NP ._. ^ }_NULL Morgan_NP1 ,_, secured_VVD a_AT1 *+_NULL $100_NNU million_NNO loan_NN1 for_IF Mussolini_NP1 in_II 1926_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL As_CSA classified_JJ documents_NN2 from_II {_NULL US_PPIO2 }_NULL State_NN1 Department_NNJ files_NN2 ,_, British_JJ Foreign_JJ Office_NN1 and_CC German_NN1 ,_, French_JJ and_CC Russian_JJ Foreign_JJ Ministry_NNJ archives_VVZ gradually_RR become_VV0 available_JJ so_CS history_NN1 changes_NN2 and_CC old_JJ versions_NN2 are_VBR proved_VVN inaccurate_JJ and_CC designed_VVN to_TO hide_VVI the_AT truth_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Wars_NN2 are_VBR started_VVN and_CC stopped_VVN by_II the_AT power_NN1 elite_NN behind_II the_AT scenes_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Russia_NP1 was_VBDZ and_CC is_VBZ the_AT largest_JJT untapped_JJ market_NN1 in_II the_AT world_NN1 and_CC could_VM be_VBI a_AT1 major_JJ threat_NN1 to_II American_JJ supremacy_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Hence_RR the_AT present_JJ tug-of-war_NN1 between_II them_PPHO2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II 1943_MC General_NNB George_NP1 \_NULL C._NP1 Marshall_NP1 took_VVD with_IW him_PPHO1 to_II the_AT Quebec_NP1 Conference_NNJ a_AT1 brief_JJ for_IF the_AT dissolution_NN1 of_IO the_AT British_JJ Empire_NN1 and_CC ,_, just_RR as_CSA the_AT plan_NN1 was_VBDZ presented_VVN then_RT ,_, so_CS it_PPH1 happened_VVD ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT British_JJ Empire_NN1 was_VBDZ liquidated_JJ stage_NN1 by_II stage_NN1 by_II functionaries_NN2 of_IO the_AT New_NP York_NP1 money_NN1 power_NN1 ,_, the_AT secret_JJ government_NN of_IO the_AT United_NP States_NP1 and_CC most_DAT of_IO the_AT world_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ plans_VVZ to_TO become_VVI elite_NN as_CSA it_PPH1 has_VHZ almost_RR become_VV0 the_AT World_NN1 Government_NNJ ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT {_NULL US_PPIO2 }_NULL is_VBZ also_RR a_AT1 victim_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 power_NN1 elite_NN as_CSA it_PPH1 has_VHZ almost_RR become_VV0 a_AT1 totalitarian_JJ state_NN1 with_IW the_AT International_JJ Bankers_NN2 controlling_VVG Washington_NP1 and_CC its_APPGE politicians_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Alexander_NP1 Solzhenitsyn_NP1 said_VVD in_II a_AT1 speech_NN1 to_II Harvard_NP1 University_NNL1 in_II 1975_MC that_CST **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL All_DB the_AT power_NN1 that_CST has_VHZ transformed_VVN Africa_NP1 since_II 1960_MC has_VHZ come_VVN from_II outside_RL ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT African_JJ regimes_NN2 now_RT represented_VVN at_II {_NULL UN_NP }_NULL and_CC in_II the_AT {_NULL OAU_NP }_NULL are_VBR puppet_JJ or_CC proxy_NN1 regimes_NN2 ,_, each_DD1 one_PN1 wholly_RR dependent_JJ on_II support_NN1 from_II outside_JJ Africa_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II31 spite_II32 of_II33 all_DB the_AT huge_JJ quantities_NN2 of_IO money_NN1 and_CC food_NN1 and_CC other_JJ assistance_NN1 that_CST has_VHZ been_VBN poured_VVN into_II Africa_NP1 since_II 1960_MC ,_, it_PPH1 has_VHZ become_VVN one_MC1 of_IO the_AT world_NN1 's_GE worst_JJT disaster_NN1 areas_NN2 with_IW millions_NNO2 in_II danger_NN1 of_IO starvation_NN1 ,_, violence_NN1 and_CC disease_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ Africa_NP1 's_GE natural_JJ resources_NN2 which_DDQ have_VH0 been_VBN liberated_VVN !_! ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT internationalisation_NN1 of_IO natural_JJ resources_NN2 ,_, their_APPGE severance_NN1 from_II the_AT control_NN1 of_IO advanced_JJ nations_NN2 is_VBZ only_RR half_DB the_AT story_NN1 of_IO what_DDQ has_VHZ happened_VVN in_II Africa_NP1 since_II 1960_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT other_JJ half_NN is_VBZ the_AT political_JJ power_NN1 ,_, since_CS concentrated_JJ money_NN1 power_NN1 is_VBZ meaningless_JJ without_IW political_JJ power_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT mass_NN1 of_IO *"_" New_JJ Nations_NN2 **"_" ,_, some_DD as_RG tiny_JJ as_CSA Vanuatu_NP1 (_( \_NULL pop_NN1 91,000_MC )_) in_II the_AT Pacific_NP1 ,_, help_NN1 to_TO outvote_VVI the_AT highly_RR developed_JJ nations_NN2 without_IW whose_DDQGE massive_JJ aid_NN1 most_DAT of_IO the_AT *"_" new_JJ **"_" nations_NN2 would_VM vanish_VVI from_II the_AT world_NN1 scene_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL What_DDQ is_VBZ happening_VVG in_II Africa_NP1 is_VBZ a_AT1 sample_NN1 of_IO what_DDQ is_VBZ happening_VVG all_RR over_II the_AT world_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT *"_" new_JJ **"_" plans_NN2 ,_, like_II the_AT New_JJ International_JJ Economic_JJ Order_NN1 ,_, the_AT Trilaterial_JJ Commission_NNJ ,_, the_AT {_NULL US_NP }_NULL Council_NNJ of_IO Foreign_JJ Relations_NN2 ,_, the_AT Royal_JJ Institute_NNJ of_IO International_JJ Affairs_NN2 *-_- are_VBR all_DB working_VVG for_IF World_NN1 Government_NNJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL What_DDQ is_VBZ happening_NN1 is_VBZ for_IF concentrated_JJ power_NN1 to_TO control_VVI absolutely_RR ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Another_DD1 thing_NN1 that_CST is_VBZ so_RG amazing_JJ is_VBZ the_AT concentrated_JJ war_NN1 against_II apartheid_NN1 in_II South_NP Africa_NP1 and_CC the_AT concentrated_JJ war_NN1 of_IO words_NN2 *2_NULL FOR_IF *0_NULL apartheid_NN1 in_II Australia_NP1 and_CC New_NP Zealand_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Why_RRQ is_VBZ it_PPH1 that_CST countries_NN2 which_DDQ as_II colonies_NN2 could_VM feed_VVI themselves_PPX2 are_VBR now_RT starving_VVG ?_? ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II African_NN1 states_VVZ the_AT poor_JJ are_VBR getting_VVG poorer_JJR ._. ^ ^_NULL Why_RRQ ?_? ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Is_VBZ it_PPH1 because_II21 of_II22 all_DB the_AT war_NN1 and_CC strife_NN1 and_CC bloodshed_NN1 on_II a_AT1 scale_NN1 unequalled_JJ anywhere_RL else_RR in_II the_AT world_NN1 ?_? ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Under_II colonial_JJ rule_NN1 Africa_NP1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 continent_NN1 of_IO order_NN1 and_CC the_AT rule_NN1 of_IO law_NN1 but_CCB this_DD1 was_VBDZ all_RR changed_VVN when_RRQ America_NP1 and_CC the_AT Soviet_JJ Union_NN1 set_VVD out_RP to_TO destroy_VVI everything_PN1 that_CST had_VHD been_VBN gained_VVN ,_, recreating_VVG another_DD1 *"_" Dark_NP1 Africa_NP1 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Colonial_JJ powers_NN2 had_VHD received_VVN their_APPGE marching_JJ orders_NN2 from_II the_AT One_MC1 World_NN1 Government_NNJ too_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL Douglas_NP1 Reed_NP1 has_VHZ said_VVN *"_" ^_NULL The_AT only_JJ truth_NN1 behind_II the_AT woeful_JJ pageant_NN1 of_IO handing_VVG back_RP the_AT colonies_NN2 was_VBDZ that_CST the_AT Black_JJ man_NN1 was_VBDZ being_VBG handed_VVN back_RP to_II slavery_NN1 **"_" ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II 1962_MC the_AT African_JJ continent_NN1 fed_VVD itself_PPX1 but_CCB over_II the_AT next_MD twenty_MC years_NNT2 as_II the_AT Marxist_JJ regimes_NN2 imposed_VVD *"_" scientific_JJ socialism_NN1 **"_" on_II agriculture_NN1 Africa_NP1 became_VVD the_AT only_JJ region_NN1 in_II the_AT world_NN1 where_RRQ food_NN1 production_NN1 per_II head_NN1 kept_VVD declining_VVG ._. ^ ^_NULL American_JJ agriculture_NN1 expert_NN1 ,_, Gale_NP1 Johnson_NP1 ,_, says_VVZ *"_" this_DD1 decline_NN1 is_VBZ due_JJ not_XX to_II lack_NN1 of_IO resources_NN2 but_CCB to_II political_JJ factors_NN2 resulting_VVG in_II the_AT exploitation_NN1 of_IO farmers_NN2 **"_" ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Ethiopia_NP1 has_VHZ lived_VVN through_II droughts_NN2 before_CS ,_, under_II Haile_NP1 Salassie_NP1 food_NN1 production_NN1 grew_VVD at_II an_AT1 annual_JJ rate_NN1 of_IO about_II 3%_NNU ,_, just_RR keeping_VVG up_RP with_IW the_AT increasing_JJ population_NN1 ,_, but_CCB today_RT the_AT land_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN nationalised_VVN and_CC production_NN1 has_VHZ fallen_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Although_CS the_AT bulk_NN1 of_IO Ethiopia_NP1 's_GE food_NN1 is_VBZ produced_VVN by_II small_JJ farms_NN2 (_( which_DDQ persist_VV0 )_) state_VV0 farms_NN2 are_VBR the_AT darling_NN1 of_IO the_AT government_NN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL John_NP1 Cohen_NP1 of_IO Harvard_NP1 Institute_NNJ for_IF International_JJ Development_NN1 says_VVZ *"_" ^_NULL Ethiopia_NP1 remains_VVZ potentially_RR one_MC1 of_IO the_AT richest_JJT ,_, but_CCB actually_RR one_MC1 of_IO the_AT poorest_JJT agrarian_JJ nations_NN2 in_II Africa_NP1 **"_" ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL While_CS the_AT people_NN are_VBR starving_JJ ,_, Mengistu_NP1 ,_, the_AT Soviet_JJ backed_JJ dictator_NN1 ,_, spent_JJ *+_NULL $200_NNU million_NNO for_IF monuments_NN2 ,_, bands_NN2 and_CC parade_NN1 floats_VVZ to_TO celebrate_VVI the_AT tenth_MD anniversary_NN1 of_IO the_AT revolution_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL While_CS babies_NN2 died_VVD Ethiopian_JJ ships_NN2 carrying_VVG more_DAR than_CSN a_AT1 million_NNO dollars_NNU2 worth_NN1 of_IO British_JJ whiskey_NN1 and_CC cream_JJ sherry_NN1 were_VBDR unloaded_VVN and_CC rushed_VVN to_TO Addis_NP Ababa_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II the_AT eyes_NN2 of_IO the_AT world_NN1 the_AT starving_JJ people_NN are_VBR the_AT victims_NN2 of_IO drought_NN1 ,_, in_II reality_NN1 they_PPHS2 are_VBR the_AT victims_NN2 of_IO an_AT1 ideological_JJ plague_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL An_AT1 Ethiopian_JJ journalist_NN1 living_VVG in_II London_NP1 explains_VVZ in_II the_AT Readers_NN2 Digest_NN1 (_( June_NPM1 1985_MC )_) the_AT fate_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 typical_JJ village_NN1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Colonialist_JJ governments_NNJ2 were_VBDR to_II some_DD extent_NN1 influenced_VVD by_II conscience_NN1 ,_, and_CC a_AT1 sense_NN1 of_IO responsibility_NN1 but_CCB the_AT new_JJ imperialism_NN1 is_VBZ without_IW feeling_NN1 or_CC conscience_NN1 ,_, answerable_JJ to_II no-one_PN1 as_CSA it_PPH1 seeks_VVZ to_TO draw_VVI all_DB the_AT world_NN1 's_VHZ people_NN into_II a_AT1 single_JJ totalitarian_JJ world_NN1 state_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Capitalism_NN1 and_CC Communism_NN1 *-_- similar_JJ men_NN2 secretly_RR rule_VV0 in_II both_DB2 camps_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Politicians_NP1 can_VM be_VBI bought_VVN like_II sacks_NN2 of_IO potatoes_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II her_APPGE book_NN1 *"_" Audacity_NN1 to_TO Believe_VV0 **"_" \_NULL Dr_NNB Sheila_NP1 Cassidy_NP1 tells_VVZ how_RRQ she_PPHS1 ,_, an_AT1 Englishwoman_NN1 ,_, went_VVD to_TO live_VVI in_II Chile_NP1 in_II 1971_MC and_CC recounts_VVZ her_APPGE experiences_NN2 after_II Allende_NP1 was_VBDZ murdered_VVN 11_MC September_NPM1 1973_MC when_RRQ a_AT1 military_JJ coup_NN1 took_VVD over_II the_AT country_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 later_RRR learned_VVD how_RRQ the_AT American_JJ {_NULL CIA_NP }_NULL (_( Central_NP Intelligence_NP1 Agency_NNJ )_) masterminded_VVD it_PPH1 and_CC how_RRQ ,_, in_II November_NPM1 1975_MC she_PPHS1 was_VBDZ arrested_VVN for_IF treating_VVG a_AT1 wounded_JJ revolutionary_NN1 ,_, tortured_VVD and_CC finally_RR deported_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Fascist_JJ rule_NN1 there_EX is_VBZ ,_, in_II a_AT1 word_NN1 ,_, shocking_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Pressure_NN1 had_VHD been_VBN brought_VVN to_TO bear_VVI on_II the_AT Australian_JJ Federal_JJ Government_NNJ so_CS21 that_CS22 they_PPHS2 in_II turn_NN1 bring_VV0 pressure_NN1 on_II the_AT State_NN1 Governments_NNJ2 to_TO transfer_VVI large_JJ slices_NN2 of_IO the_AT country_NN1 to_II Aborigine_NP1 ownership_NN1 (_( apartheid_NN1 )_) complete_JJ with_IW the_AT ownership_NN1 of_IO natural_JJ resources_NN2 ,_, contradicting_VVG the_AT old_JJ policy_NN1 of_IO integration_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL 52%_NNU of_IO the_AT land_NN1 and_CC 82%_NNU of_IO the_AT coastline_NN1 of_IO the_AT Northern_NP1 Territory_NP1 is_VBZ to_TO be_VBI handed_VVN back_RP to_II the_AT Aborigines_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II October_NPM1 1981_MC *"_" The_AT Australian_JJ **"_" newspaper_NN1 said_VVD **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ obvious_JJ in_II Australia_NP1 and_CC New_NP Zealand_NP1 that_CST the_AT nature_NN1 conservation_NN1 ploy_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO be_VBI used_VVN wherever_RRQV possible_JJ to_TO remove_VVI areas_NN2 rich_JJ in_II natural_JJ resources_NN2 from_II the_AT control_NN1 of_IO local_JJ authorities_NN2 by_II having_VHG the_AT control_NN1 and_CC responsibility_NN1 transfered_VVD to_II a_AT1 *2_NULL WORLD_NN1 *0_NULL authority_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT same_DA thing_NN1 has_VHZ happened_VVN in_II Canada_NP1 and_CC Tasmania_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ hardly_RR necessary_JJ to_TO explain_VVI that_CST the_AT transference_NN1 of_IO ownership_NN1 rights_NN2 is_VBZ a_AT1 necessary_JJ prelude_NN1 to_II full_JJ internationalisation_NN1 of_IO *2_NULL ALL_DB *0_NULL natural_JJ resources_NN2 at_II some_DD later_JJR date_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Natural_JJ resources_NN2 are_VBR thus_RR made_VVN ready_JJ for_IF final_JJ transfer_NN1 to_II an_AT1 international_JJ authority_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" The_AT Hoax_NN1 of_IO the_AT Twentieth_MD Century_NNT1 **"_" by_II {_NULL A.R._NP1 }_NULL Butz_NP1 is_VBZ mind_NN1 boggling_VVG ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 suggests_VVZ ,_, it_PPH1 more_RRR than_CSN suggests_VVZ ,_, it_PPH1 says_VVZ that_CST the_AT 6_MC million_NNO Jews_NN2 killed_VVN in_II German_JJ gas_NN1 ovens_NN2 is_VBZ incorrect_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL We_PPIS2 have_VH0 come_VVN to_TO believe_VVI that_CST this_DD1 is_VBZ a_AT1 fact_NN1 and_CC it_PPH1 is_VBZ hard_JJ to_TO change_VVI our_APPGE way_NN1 of_IO thinking_VVG ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB it_PPH1 is_VBZ worth_II stopping_VVG and_CC giving_VVG thought_NN1 to_II and_CC wondering_VVG if_CS what_DDQ this_DD1 book_NN1 says_VVZ could_VM be_VBI right_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ not_XX to_TO be_VBI dismissed_VVN lightly_RR ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL No_AT established_JJ historian_NN1 has_VHZ written_VVN a_AT1 book_NN1 supporting_VVG the_AT extermination_NN1 stories_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL After_CS Germany_NP1 collapsed_VVD in_II 1945_MC shocking_JJ scenes_NN2 of_IO countless_JJ dead_JJ bodies_NN2 were_VBDR found_VVN in_II Belsen_NP1 and_CC other_JJ concentration_NN1 camps_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL According_II21 to_II22 this_DD1 book_NN1 these_DD2 deaths_NN2 were_VBDR the_AT result_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 total_JJ loss_NN1 of_IO control_NN1 ,_, not_XX a_AT1 deliberate_JJ policy_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT major_JJ cause_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 deaths_NN2 was_VBDZ a_AT1 typhus_NN1 epidemic_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT typhus_NN1 was_VBDZ the_AT kind_NN1 carried_VVN by_II a_AT1 body_NN1 louse_NN1 and_CC it_PPH1 was_VBDZ being_VBG fought_VVN all_DB through_II the_AT war_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL All_DB *"_" survivor_NN1 literature_NN1 **"_" report_VV0 the_AT same_DA procedure_NN1 in_II entering_VVG any_DD German_JJ camp_NN1 ,_, disrobe_NN1 ,_, shave_NN1 hair_NN1 ,_, shower_NN1 and_CC then_RT dress_VV0 in_II new_JJ or_CC disinfected_JJ clothes_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT *"_" gas_NN1 chambers_NN2 **"_" were_VBDR used_VVN for_IF disinfecting_VVG clothes_NN2 and_CC were_VBDR in_II all_DB concentration_NN1 camps_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Typhus_NP1 was_VBDZ spread_VVN in_II the_AT infected_JJ cattle_NN2 trucks_VVZ the_AT prisoners_NN2 were_VBDR carried_VVN in_RP and_CC the_AT typhus_NN1 caused_VVD whole_JJ train_NN1 loads_NN2 of_IO prisoners_NN2 to_TO die_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL One_MC1 train_NN1 in_II war_NN1 torn_VVN Berlin_NP1 was_VBDZ found_VVN to_TO contain_VVI 800_MC dead_JJ bodies_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL An_AT1 American_JJ lawyer_NN1 ,_, Stephen_NP1 \_NULL S._NP1 Printer_NN1 ,_, who_PNQS was_VBDZ stationed_VVN at_II Dachau_NP1 for_IF 17_MC months_NNT2 after_II the_AT war_NN1 ,_, wrote_VVD in_II 1959_MC |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT crematoriums_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN referred_VVN to_II as_RG *"_" gas_NN1 ovens_NN2 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL As_CSA it_PPH1 took_VVD at_RR21 least_RR22 an_AT1 hour_NNT1 for_IF a_AT1 body_NN1 to_TO be_VBI reduced_VVN in_II a_AT1 crematorium_NN1 ,_, at_II the_AT very_RG most_DAT that_DD1 would_VM mean_VVI twenty_MC three_MC bodies_NN2 a_AT1 day_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL So_RR ,_, by_II doing_VDG simple_JJ arithmetic_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 would_VM be_VBI impossible_JJ to_TO reach_VVI 6_MC million_NNO ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Then_RT ,_, Richard_NP1 Harward_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 writer_NN1 and_CC specialist_NN1 in_II political_JJ and_CC diplomatic_JJ aspects_NN2 of_IO World_NN1 War_NN1 two_MC ,_, at_RR21 present_RR22 with_IW the_AT University_NN1 of_IO London_NP1 said_VVD *"_" The_AT allegation_NN1 that_CST 6_MC million_NNO Jews_NN2 died_VVD during_II the_AT Second_MD World_NN1 War_NN1 ,_, as_II a_AT1 direct_JJ result_NN1 of_IO official_JJ German_JJ policy_NN1 of_IO extermination_NN1 is_VBZ utterly_RR unfounded_JJ **"_" ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 263+TEXT+G76_FO **]_NULL ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL Riches_NP1 become_VV0 ours_PPGE when_RRQ we_PPIS2 give_VV0 up_RP any_DD ideas_NN2 of_IO sacrifice_NN1 and_CC lack_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL If_CS we_PPIS2 are_VBR trying_VVG to_TO be_VBI prosperous_JJ on_II one_MC1 hand_NN1 and_CC are_VBR still_RR committed_VVN to_II ideas_NN2 of_IO sacrifice_NN1 on_II the_AT other_JJ ,_, then_RT we_PPIS2 are_VBR still_RR controlled_VVN by_II a_AT1 personal_JJ law_NN1 of_IO poverty_NN1 ,_, and_CC inner_JJ conflict_NN1 will_VM always_RR result_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL For_REX21 example_REX22 :_: ^_NULL I_PPIS1 am_VBM often_RR asked_VVN the_AT question_NN1 at_II seminars_NN2 ,_, *"_" ^_NULL What_DDQ is_VBZ wrong_JJ with_IW giving_VVG up_RP buying_VVG something_PN1 in_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO have_VHI enough_DD money_NN1 to_TO purchase_VVI something_PN1 better_RRR ._. ^ ^_NULL Is_VBZ n't_XX that_DD1 sacrificing_NN1 ?_? **"_" ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT answer_NN1 depends_VVZ upon_II the_AT state_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE consciousness_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL If_CS we_PPIS2 are_VBR content_JJ with_IW only_RR having_VHG one_MC1 thing_NN1 rather_II21 than_II22 wanting_VVG two_MC ,_, then_RT that_DD1 's_VBZ prosperity_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB if_CS we_PPIS2 want_VV0 two_MC things_NN2 and_CC believe_VV0 we_PPIS2 can_VM only_RR afford_VVI one_MC1 of_IO them_PPHO2 ,_, then_RT we_PPIS2 are_VBR coming_VVG from_II a_AT1 consciousness_NN1 of_IO *'_" lack_NN1 **'_" and_CC the_AT idea_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 limited_JJ universe_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 can_VM have_VHI both_RR and_CC more_DAR by_II creating_VVG in_II our_APPGE minds_NN2 a_AT1 desire_NN1 for_IF both_DB2 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 can_VM do_VDI this_DD1 by_II setting_VVG goals_NN2 and_CC Affirming_VVG to_II ourselves_PPX2 that_CST it_PPH1 is_VBZ possible_JJ and_CC perfectly_RR alright_JJ to_TO have_VHI both_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL Then_RT we_PPIS2 start_VV0 applying_VVG our_APPGE Creative_JJ Minds_NN2 to_TO achieve_VVI all_DB that_CST we_PPIS2 desire_VV0 ,_, rather_II21 than_II22 sacrificing_VVG half_DB of_IO what_DDQ we_PPIS2 want_VV0 ._. ^ ^_NULL Setting_VVG a_AT1 direction_NN1 for_IF ourselves_PPX2 through_II Goals_NN2 and_CC Affirmations_NN2 to_II achievement_NN1 will_VM allow_VVI us_PPIO2 to_TO give_VVI up_RP sacrifice_NN1 forever_RT and_CC avoid_VVI self_NN1 punishing_VVG inner_JJ conflict_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Remember_VV0 ,_, whatever_DDQV we_PPIS2 can_VM imagine_VVI in_II our_APPGE minds_NN2 ,_, can_VM be_VBI ours_PPGE ._. ^ ^_NULL If_CS we_PPIS2 have_VH0 the_AT power_NN1 (_( which_DDQ we_PPIS2 all_DB have_VH0 )_) ,_, to_TO create_VVI a_AT1 desire_NN1 in_II the_AT mind_NN1 ,_, then_RT it_PPH1 is_VBZ our_APPGE right_NN1 if_CS we_PPIS2 choose_VV0 to_TO create_VVI it_PPH1 in_II our_APPGE lives_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II fact_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 already_RR is_VBZ ours_PPGE the_AT moment_NN1 we_PPIS2 complete_VV0 creating_VVG it_PPH1 in_II our_APPGE imagination_NN1 ,_, and_CC we_PPIS2 need_VV0 only_RR wait_VVI for_IF the_AT time_NNT1 when_RRQ it_PPH1 manifests_VVZ itself_PPX1 in_II our_APPGE lives_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Where_CS sacrifice_NN1 is_VBZ based_VVN on_II poverty_NN1 ,_, contribution_NN1 through_II giving_VVG is_VBZ spreading_VVG our_APPGE surplus_NN1 of_IO Abundance_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Principle_NN1 of_IO Giving_VVG involves_VVZ the_AT practice_NN1 of_IO Tithing_NN1 ,_, and_CC is_VBZ the_AT *'_" heart_NN1 **'_" of_IO the_AT *2_NULL CONTRIBUTION_NN1 *0_NULL Law_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *6_NULL TITHING_NN1 :_: *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Tithing_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 very_RG old_JJ and_CC successful_JJ prosperity_NN1 principle_NN1 ,_, dating_VVG back_RP to_II ancient_JJ times_NNT2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Tithing_NN1 is_VBZ giving_VVG away_RP a_AT1 percentage_NN1 of_IO one_PN1 's_GE income_NN1 ,_, normally_RR 10%_NNU ._. ^ ^_NULL Tithing_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 very_RG powerful_JJ practice_NN1 in_II building_VVG an_AT1 Abundance_NN1 Consciousness_NN1 ,_, because_CS we_PPIS2 can_VM only_RR give_VVI away_RP the_AT surplus_NN1 of_IO what_DDQ we_PPIS2 already_RR have_VH0 ._. ^ ^_NULL Done_VDN on_II a_AT1 regular_JJ basis_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 makes_VVZ a_AT1 major_JJ difference_NN1 in_II our_APPGE attitude_NN1 to_II money_NN1 as_CSA we_PPIS2 become_VV0 *'_" surplus_JJ **'_" conscious_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Surplus_JJ conscious_JJ is_VBZ the_AT opposite_JJ to_II people_NN who_PNQS think_VV0 that_DD1 money_NN1 is_VBZ in_RR21 short_RR22 supply_VV0 ._. ^ ^_NULL When_CS we_PPIS2 give_VV0 away_RP a_AT1 portion_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE surplus_NN1 ,_, the_AT idea_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 lack_NN1 of_IO money_NN1 will_VM never_RR occur_VVI to_II us_PPIO2 again_RT ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT power_NN1 behind_II this_DD1 Principle_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT little_JJ understood_JJ Law_NN1 of_IO Cause_NN1 and_CC Effect_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Cause_NN1 and_CC Effect_NN1 means_VVZ that_CST for_IF every_AT1 action_NN1 there_EX is_VBZ an_AT1 equal_JJ and_CC opposite_JJ reaction_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Simply_RR said_VVD ,_, whatever_DDQV we_PPIS2 give_VV0 out_RP ,_, must_VM come_VVI back_RP to_II us_PPIO2 ,_, and_CC often_RR multiplied_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ an_AT1 unbreakable_JJ law_NN1 in_II the_AT universe_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Whenever_RRQV we_PPIS2 contribute_VV0 to_II prosperity_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 must_VM prosper_VVI also_RR ,_, and_CC our_APPGE rewards_NN2 do_VD0 n't_XX always_RR come_VVI from_II those_DD2 that_CST we_PPIS2 serve_VV0 ,_, but_CCB they_PPHS2 come_VV0 ,_, for_IF that_DD1 is_VBZ the_AT Law_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Of_IO all_DB the_AT Principles_NN2 of_IO Abundance_NN1 and_CC riches_NN2 ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ the_AT Tithing_NN1 Principle_NN1 that_CST I_PPIS1 personally_RR regard_VV0 as_II the_AT most_RGT important_JJ and_CC powerful_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL However_RR ,_, to_TO get_VVI the_AT best_JJT results_NN2 there_EX are_VBR some_DD simple_JJ ,_, but_CCB important_JJ rules_NN2 to_TO pay_VVI attention_NN1 to_II ._. ^ *<_NULL *3_NULL 1_MC1 ._. ^ GIVING_VVG TO_II PEOPLE_NN WHO_PNQS DO_VD0 N'T_XX NEED_VVI IT_NN1 :_: *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Give_VV0 at_RR21 least_RR22 three_MC quarters_NN2 of_IO your_APPGE Tithing_NN1 to_II people_NN who_PNQS do_VD0 n't_XX need_VVI it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ different_JJ from_II giving_VVG to_II charity_NN1 which_DDQ is_VBZ giving_VVG money_NN1 to_II those_DD2 who_PNQS do_VD0 need_VVI it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Charity_NP1 is_VBZ a_AT1 generous_JJ and_CC noble_JJ practice_NN1 ,_, but_CCB it_PPH1 can_VM have_VHI some_DD unfortunate_JJ side_NN1 effects_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 can_VM often_RR make_VVI the_AT recipients_NN2 angry_JJ because_CS they_PPHS2 feel_VV0 they_PPHS2 have_VH0 no_AT choice_NN1 but_CCB to_TO accept_VVI it_PPH1 ,_, or_CC humbled_VVD into_II self-hate_NN1 ,_, because_II21 of_II22 their_APPGE weakness_NN1 of_IO having_VHG to_TO receive_VVI charity_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Either_RR way_RR the_AT anger_NN1 or_CC the_AT weakness_NN1 is_VBZ reinforced_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ sometimes_RT clearly_RR observed_VVN by_II some_DD people_NN on_II Government_NNJ benefits_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 can_VM also_RR easily_RR degenerate_VVI into_II forming_VVG a_AT1 dependency_NN1 on_II others_NN2 for_IF free_JJ *"_" handouts_NN2 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 builds_VVZ weakness_NN1 rather_II21 than_II22 strength_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Give_VV0 a_AT1 starving_JJ man_NN1 a_AT1 dollar_NNU1 and_CC he_PPHS1 will_VM be_VBI back_RP at_II your_APPGE door_NN1 the_AT next_MD day_NNT1 for_IF another_DD1 dollar_NNU1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Give_VV0 him_PPHO1 an_AT1 idea_NN1 of_IO how_RRQ he_PPHS1 can_VM earn_VVI his_APPGE own_DA dollar_NNU1 through_II service_NN1 to_II others_NN2 ,_, and_CC your_APPGE gift_NN1 will_VM last_VVI a_AT1 life-time_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL People_NN rush_VV0 out_RP with_IW their_APPGE admirable_JJ but_CCB useless_JJ drives_NN2 for_IF a_AT1 better_JJR world_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Trying_VVG to_TO relieve_VVI poverty_NN1 ,_, hunger_NN1 ,_, disease_NN1 ,_, war_NN1 and_CC famine_NN1 in_II the_AT world_NN1 is_VBZ merely_RR treating_VVG a_AT1 symptom_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT cause_NN1 is_VBZ ignorance_NN1 and_CC fear_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC to_TO try_VVI treating_VVG only_RR the_AT symptom_NN1 can_VM often_RR reinforce_VVI the_AT problem_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL As_RG fast_RR as_CSA the_AT world_NN1 improves_VVZ on_II one_MC1 side_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 deteriorates_VVZ on_II the_AT other_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT only_JJ way_NN1 to_TO improve_VVI the_AT world_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO raise_VVI the_AT conscious_JJ level_NN1 of_IO the_AT individual_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL No_AT other_JJ way_NN1 will_VM do_VDI it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Better_RRR still_RR ,_, raise_VV0 our_APPGE own_DA conscious_JJ level_NN1 ,_, rather_CS21 than_CS22 charge_VVI around_RP evangelically_RR trying_VVG to_TO change_VVI everyone_PN1 else_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL For_IF all_DB disease_NN1 and_CC war_NN1 in_II the_AT world_NN1 begins_VVZ with_IW the_AT inner_JJ mental_JJ diseases_NN2 and_CC tiny_JJ wars_NN2 within_II our_APPGE minds_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Changing_VVG what_DDQ is_VBZ going_VVG on_RP within_II each_DD1 one_PN1 of_IO us_PPIO2 will_VM do_VDI more_RRR for_IF world_NN1 peace_NN1 and_CC overcoming_VVG poverty_NN1 and_CC fear_NN1 ,_, than_CSN by_II trying_VVG to_TO change_VVI the_AT world_NN1 's_VHZ problems_NN2 with_IW money_NN1 and_CC effort_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Treat_NN1 the_AT cause_NN1 by_II teaching_VVG high_JJ quality_NN1 thoughts_NN2 ,_, and_CC the_AT symptoms_NN2 of_IO the_AT world_NN1 will_VM take_VVI care_NN1 of_IO themselves_PPX2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL At_II the_AT same_DA time_NNT1 ,_, do_VD0 give_VVI one_MC1 quarter_NN1 of_IO your_APPGE Tithings_NN2 to_II people_NN who_PNQS do_VD0 need_VVI it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB give_VV0 it_PPH1 in_II the_AT form_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 idea_NN1 ,_, rather_CS21 than_CS22 in_II money_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Send_VV0 them_PPHO2 a_AT1 copy_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 book_NN1 for_REX21 instance_REX22 ,_, or_CC some_DD other_JJ inspirational_JJ book_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Giving_VVG one_MC1 quarter_NN1 to_II those_DD2 who_PNQS do_VD0 need_VVI it_PPH1 also_RR prevents_VVZ all_DB the_AT wealth_NN1 staying_VVG within_II a_AT1 select_JJ and_CC exclusive_JJ group_NN ,_, and_CC therefore_RR helps_VVZ spread_VVN this_DD1 wisdom_NN1 of_IO Abundance_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL By_II giving_VVG three_MC quarters_NN2 of_IO your_APPGE Tithings_NN2 to_II folk_NN2 who_PNQS are_VBR already_RR prosperous_JJ ,_, makes_VVZ a_AT1 greater_JJR impact_NN1 upon_II the_AT general_JJ prosperity_NN1 of_IO the_AT world_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT people_NN who_PNQS have_VH0 begun_VVN to_TO understand_VVI the_AT Laws_NN2 of_IO Abundance_NN1 will_VM use_VVI the_AT money_NN1 you_PPY give_VV0 them_PPHO2 to_TO build_VVI and_CC create_VVI even_RR more_DAR wealth_NN1 in_II the_AT world_NN1 from_II which_DDQ everyone_PN1 benefits_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB because_CS you_PPY started_VVD a_AT1 momentum_NN1 of_IO spreading_VVG Abundance_NN1 ,_, you_PPY will_VM find_VVI that_CST it_PPH1 seeps_VVZ back_RP to_II you_PPY in_II many_DA2 interesting_JJ ways_NN2 ._. ^ *<_NULL *3_NULL 2_MC ._. ^ GIVE_VV0 AND_CC NEVER_RR GET_VV0 FOUND_VVN OUT_RP :_: *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Many_DA2 people_NN give_VV0 to_II charity_NN1 and_CC to_II friends_NN2 ,_, not_XX because_II21 of_II22 what_DDQ is_VBZ in_II their_APPGE hearts_NN2 ,_, but_II21 for_II22 the_AT thanks_NN2 and_CC the_AT *'_" pats_NN2 on_II the_AT back_NN1 **'_" and_CC being_VBG told_VVN how_RRQ wonderful_JJ they_PPHS2 are_VBR ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 can_VM often_RR be_VBI a_AT1 big_JJ ego_NN1 trip_NN1 ,_, and_CC as_CSA it_PPH1 is_VBZ written_VVN *"_" *1_NULL this_DD1 is_VBZ their_APPGE reward_NN1 **"_" *0_NULL (_( Matthew_NP1 6:2_MC )_) ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL As_CSA Kahlil_NP1 Gibran_NP1 wrote_VVD in_II *'_" The_AT Prophet_NN1 **'_" ,_, **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL *"_" ^_NULL *1_NULL There_EX are_VBR those_DD2 who_PNQS give_VV0 little_RR of_IO the_AT much_RR which_DDQ they_PPHS2 have_VH0 *-_- and_CC they_PPHS2 give_VV0 it_PPH1 for_IF recognition_NN1 and_CC their_APPGE hidden_JJ desire_NN1 makes_VVZ their_APPGE gifts_NN2 unwholesome_JJ ._. **"_" ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Giving_VVG without_IW ever_RR being_VBG found_VVN out_RP ,_, by-passes_VVZ the_AT ego_NN1 and_CC ensures_VVZ that_CST our_APPGE action_NN1 is_VBZ pure_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT idea_NN1 of_IO giving_VVG without_IW the_AT thanks_NN2 and_CC thoughts_NN2 of_IO reward_NN1 also_RR helps_VVZ us_PPIO2 break_VVI our_APPGE attachment_NN1 to_II money_NN1 ,_, freeing_VVG us_PPIO2 from_II our_APPGE addictions_NN2 ._. ^ *<_NULL *6_NULL THE_AT PURITY_NN1 OF_IO GIVING_VVG :_: *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL I_PPIS1 remember_VV0 years_NNT2 ago_RA ,_, when_CS I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ being_VBG Rebirthed_VVN by_II Alan_NP1 Grantham_NP1 ,_, an_AT1 excellent_JJ Rebirther_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 wonderful_JJ friend_NN1 ,_, that_CST it_PPH1 so_RR happened_VVN that_CST I_PPIS1 had_VHD about_RG a_AT1 dozen_NNO very_RG expensive_JJ long_RR playing_VVG reel_NN1 tapes_NN2 that_CST were_VBDR of_IO no_AT further_RRR use_VV0 to_II me_PPIO1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 noticed_VVD one_MC1 day_NNT1 at_II Alan_NP1 's_GE place_NN1 that_CST he_PPHS1 had_VHD a_AT1 tape_NN1 recorder_NN1 which_DDQ my_APPGE tapes_NN2 would_VM fit_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL So_RR I_PPIS1 offered_VVD them_PPHO2 to_II him_PPHO1 as_II a_AT1 gift_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Alan_NP1 was_VBDZ delighted_JJ and_CC accepted_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL About_RG a_AT1 month_NNT1 later_RRR ,_, I_PPIS1 asked_VVD Alan_NP1 if_CSW he_PPHS1 would_VM record_VVI a_AT1 cassette_NN1 tape_NN1 for_IF me_PPIO1 of_IO some_DD Affirmations_NN2 I_PPIS1 wanted_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 week_NNT1 later_RRR I_PPIS1 called_VVD around_RP to_II his_APPGE place_NN1 to_TO pick_VVI it_PPH1 up_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL As_CSA Alan_NP1 gave_VVD it_PPH1 to_II me_PPIO1 he_PPHS1 said_VVD it_PPH1 would_VM cost_VVI me_PPIO1 ten_MC dollars_NNU2 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 looked_VVD at_II him_PPHO1 rather_RG stunned_JJ and_CC commented_VVD that_CST after_II me_PPIO1 giving_VVG him_PPHO1 the_AT twelve_MC very_RG expensive_JJ tapes_NN2 ,_, that_CST at_RR21 least_RR22 he_PPHS1 could_VM give_VVI me_PPIO1 this_DD1 one_MC1 tape_NN1 for_IF free_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Alan_NP1 looked_VVD back_RP at_II me_PPIO1 and_CC the_AT following_JJ dialogue_NN1 taught_VVD me_PPIO1 one_MC1 of_IO the_AT most_RGT valuable_JJ lessons_NN2 in_II the_AT art_NN1 of_IO giving_VVG ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ how_RRQ it_PPH1 went_VVD :_: |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL I_PPIS1 learnt_VVD from_II this_DD1 experience_NN1 that_CST *2_NULL ALL_DB *0_NULL giving_VVG and_CC *2_NULL ALL_DB *0_NULL receiving_NN1 is_VBZ unconditional_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Everything_PN1 else_RR is_VBZ just_RR a_AT1 game_NN1 :_: manipulating_VVG and_CC controlling_VVG games_NN2 ,_, where_CS there_EX are_VBR no_AT winners_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL How_RGQ often_RR do_VD0 we_PPIS2 give_VVI ,_, and_CC our_APPGE gift_NN1 is_VBZ dishonest_JJ ?_? ^ ^_NULL Dishonest_JJ giving_NN1 is_VBZ when_RRQ we_PPIS2 expect_VV0 something_PN1 in_II return_NN1 ,_, or_CC when_CS there_EX are_VBR conditions_NN2 attached_VVD ,_, such_II21 as_II22 we_PPIS2 expect_VV0 the_AT person_NN1 receiving_VVG to_TO do_VDI with_IW our_APPGE gift_NN1 as_CSA *2_NULL WE_PPIS2 *0_NULL would_VM like_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL That_DD1 is_VBZ conditional_JJ giving_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT gift_NN1 still_RR belongs_VVZ to_II the_AT giver_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL True_JJ giving_NN1 ,_, is_VBZ giving_VVG from_II the_AT heart_NN1 without_IW any_DD thought_NN1 of_IO return_NN1 ,_, or_CC attachment_NN1 to_II what_DDQ we_PPIS2 give_VV0 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 's_VBZ letting_VVG it_PPH1 go_VVI forever_RT ._. ^ ^_NULL How_RGQ often_RR are_VBR we_PPIS2 hurt_VV0 when_RRQ we_PPIS2 hear_VV0 that_DD1 what_DDQ we_PPIS2 gave_VVD to_II someone_PN1 ,_, was_VBDZ in_II turn_NN1 ,_, given_VVN away_RP to_II someone_PN1 else_RR ?_? ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 story_NN1 I_PPIS1 heard_VVD some_DD years_NNT2 ago_RA is_VBZ a_AT1 true_JJ test_NN1 as_II21 to_II22 how_RGQ pure_JJ our_APPGE motives_NN2 are_VBR in_II giving_VVG :_: |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL In_II reality_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 do_VD0 n't_XX give_VVI anything_PN1 away_RL ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 own_VV0 nothing_PN1 while_CS we_PPIS2 are_VBR attached_VVN to_II it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB when_CS we_PPIS2 let_VV0 it_PPH1 go_VVI the_AT entire_JJ universe_NN1 is_VBZ ours_PPGE to_TO enjoy_VVI ,_, and_CC we_PPIS2 can_VM create_VVI whatever_DDQV we_PPIS2 like_VV0 when_RRQ we_PPIS2 become_VV0 free_JJ of_IO all_DB attachments_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL An_AT1 ownership_NN1 mentality_NN1 is_VBZ based_VVN on_II the_AT fear_NN1 of_IO losing_VVG something_PN1 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ a_AT1 poverty_NN1 consciousness_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL When_CS we_PPIS2 try_VV0 to_TO hang_VVI on_RP to_II what_DDQ we_PPIS2 have_VH0 ,_, we_PPIS2 eventually_RR lose_VV0 it_PPH1 all_DB ._. ^ ^_NULL When_CS we_PPIS2 give_VV0 it_PPH1 all_DB up_RP ,_, we_PPIS2 have_VH0 it_PPH1 all_DB ._. ^ ^_NULL When_CS we_PPIS2 stop_VV0 possessing_VVG it_PPH1 ,_, we_PPIS2 can_VM enjoy_VVI it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL As_II the_AT Master_NNB Christian_NP1 said_VVD :_: *1_NULL *"_" ^_NULL You_PPY must_VM die_VVI so_CS21 that_CS22 you_PPY can_VM be_VBI born_VVN again_RT in_II the_AT Holy_JJ Spirit_NN1 ._. **"_" ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL Modern_JJ translation_NN1 means_VVZ that_CST we_PPIS2 must_VM let_VVI our_APPGE ego_NN1 (_( false_JJ negative_JJ beliefs_NN2 and_CC personal_JJ law_NN1 )_) die_VV0 ,_, so_CS21 that_CS22 we_PPIS2 can_VM become_VVI pure_JJ and_CC so_RG live_JJ in_II Love_NN1 ,_, Truth_NN1 and_CC Abundance_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL A_AT1 good_JJ Affirmation_NN1 :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL *7_NULL THE_AT MORE_RRR I_PPIS1 CONTRIBUTE_VV0 TO_II THE_AT PROSPERITY_NN1 OF_IO OTHERS_NN2 ,_, THE_AT MORE_RRR I_PPIS1 PROSPER_VV0 **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL *<_NULL *6_NULL CHAPTER_NN1 ELEVEN_MC *>_NULL ^ *<_NULL *7_NULL THE_AT PRINCIPLE_NN1 OF_IO THANKFULNESS_NN1 *>_NULL ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL *5_NULL Everything_PN1 is_VBZ as_CSA it_PPH1 should_VM be_VBI ..._... give_VV0 thanks_NN2 for_IF everything_PN1 being_VBG as_CSA it_PPH1 is_VBZ ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL An_AT1 attitude_NN1 of_IO mind_NN1 which_DDQ guarantees_VVZ that_CST we_PPIS2 will_VM always_RR have_VHI an_AT1 Abundance_NN1 ,_, lies_VVZ in_II the_AT word_NN1 :_: *3_NULL THANKFULNESS_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL My_APPGE years_NNT2 of_IO counselling_NN1 and_CC Rebirthing_VVG a_AT1 large_JJ number_NN1 of_IO people_NN ,_, has_VHZ shown_VVN me_PPIO1 that_CST the_AT number_NN1 one_MC1 problem_NN1 with_IW us_PPIO2 all_DB is_VBZ in_II our_APPGE forgetting_NN1 who_PNQS we_PPIS2 really_RR are_VBR ;_; forgetting_VVG that_CST we_PPIS2 are_VBR *3_NULL TRUTH_NN1 ,_, LOVE_NN1 *1_NULL and_CC *3_NULL PERFECTION_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL Because_II21 of_II22 this_DD1 ,_, we_PPIS2 tend_VV0 to_TO dislike_VVI ourselves_PPX2 and_CC dwell_NN1 on_II all_DB the_AT difficulties_NN2 we_PPIS2 have_VH0 created_VVN in_II our_APPGE lives_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 take_VV0 for_IF granted_VVN all_DB that_DD1 is_VBZ good_JJ and_CC positive_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL We_PPIS2 need_VV0 to_TO stand_VVI still_RR from_II our_APPGE hurry_NN1 long_RR enough_RR to_TO observe_VVI the_AT beauty_NN1 and_CC perfection_NN1 of_IO what_DDQ we_PPIS2 really_RR are_VBR ,_, who_PNQS we_PPIS2 are_VBR with_IW ,_, and_CC what_DDQ we_PPIS2 already_RR have_VH0 ._. ^ ^_NULL By_II doing_VDG this_DD1 we_PPIS2 will_VM know_VVI that_CST we_PPIS2 have_VH0 everything_PN1 we_PPIS2 need_VV0 ,_, and_CC so_RR does_VDZ everyone_PN1 else_RR ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Let_VV0 us_PPIO2 be_VBI glad_JJ for_IF our_APPGE health_NN1 ,_, our_APPGE freedom_NN1 of_IO speech_NN1 ,_, our_APPGE education_NN1 ,_, the_AT possessions_NN2 we_PPIS2 already_RR have_VH0 ,_, and_CC the_AT people_NN in_II our_APPGE lives_NN2 who_PNQS love_VV0 us_PPIO2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Get_VV0 up_RP an_AT1 hour_NNT1 earlier_RRR one_MC1 morning_NNT1 and_CC go_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 walk_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Walk_NN1 up_II a_AT1 hill_NN1 and_CC watch_VV0 the_AT beautiful_JJ sunrise_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Observe_VV0 the_AT colours_NN2 of_IO the_AT sky_NN1 ,_, and_CC its_APPGE reflection_NN1 upon_II the_AT leaves_NN2 on_II the_AT trees_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Notice_NN1 the_AT rich_JJ brown_JJ earth_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT dew_NN1 on_II the_AT bright_JJ green_JJ grass_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Be_VB0 glad_JJ for_IF what_DDQ we_PPIS2 are_VBR seeing_VVG ,_, because_CS no_AT blind_JJ person_NN1 will_VM ever_RR see_VVI such_DA a_AT1 sight_NN1 ,_, nor_CC see_VV0 the_AT expression_NN1 of_IO joy_NN1 on_II a_ZZ1 loved_VVN one_PN1 's_GE face_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Listen_VV0 to_II the_AT wonderful_JJ sounds_NN2 of_IO the_AT birds_NN2 and_CC the_AT insects_NN2 in_II this_DD1 morning_NNT1 twilight_NN1 ,_, and_CC think_NN1 of_IO the_AT millions_NNO2 of_IO deaf_JJ folk_NN2 who_PNQS will_VM never_RR hear_VVI these_DD2 sounds_NN2 ,_, nor_CC will_VM they_PPHS2 ever_RR hear_VVI the_AT harmony_NN1 of_IO Mozart_NP1 ,_, or_CC the_AT sound_NN1 of_IO laughter_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL As_CSA we_PPIS2 begin_VV0 to_TO walk_VVI home_RL ,_, be_VBI glad_JJ that_CST we_PPIS2 can_VM walk_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL Think_VV0 of_IO all_DB those_DD2 that_CST are_VBR crippled_VVN ,_, or_CC confined_VVD to_II their_APPGE beds_NN2 through_II illness_NN1 and_CC are_VBR denied_VVN this_DD1 joy_NN1 of_IO walking_VVG ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL One_MC1 morning_NNT1 I_PPIS1 woke_VVD up_RP complaining_VVG that_CST my_APPGE foot_NN1 was_VBDZ sore_JJ from_II jogging_VVG the_AT day_NNT1 before_RT ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 264+TEXT+G77_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL For_IF the_AT last_MD forty_MC years_NNT2 we_PPIS2 ,_, in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 ,_, have_VH0 been_VBN actively_RR involved_JJ in_II providing_VVG overseas_JJ assistance_NN1 for_IF poor_JJ countries_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL As_II a_AT1 relatively_RR *'_" lucky_JJ **'_" and_CC poverty-free_JJ country_NN1 ,_, as_CS31 far_CS32 as_CS33 the_AT international_JJ scene_NN1 is_VBZ concerned_JJ ,_, governments_NNJ2 and_CC people_NN here_RL have_VH0 always_RR ,_, to_II some_DD extent_NN1 ,_, liked_VVD to_TO think_VVI of_IO themselves_PPX2 as_CSA beneficent_JJ sharers_NN2 of_IO their_APPGE good_JJ fortune_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL All_DB New_JJ Zealanders_NP1 ,_, as_CSA school_NN1 children_NN2 ,_, can_VM remember_VVI raising_VVG money_NN1 for_IF poor_JJ people_NN overseas_RL ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL No_PN121 one_PN122 doubts_VVZ that_CST internationally_RR there_EX are_VBR gross_JJ inequalities_NN2 of_IO wealth_NN1 ,_, both_RR between_II and_CC within_II nations_NN2 ,_, that_DD1 result_NN1 in_II tragic_JJ and_CC enormous_JJ human_NN1 suffering_VVG ._. ^ ^_NULL Most_DAT will_VM agree_VVI that_CST we_PPIS2 need_VV0 to_TO do_VDI something_PN1 about_II the_AT problem_NN1 *-_- witness_VV0 the_AT support_NN1 New_JJ Zealanders_NP1 gave_VVD during_II 1985_MC to_II the_AT Aid_NN1 Ship_NN1 ,_, with_IW the_AT aim_NN1 of_IO relieving_VVG the_AT problems_NN2 faced_VVN by_II drought_NN1 and_CC war_NN1 victims_NN2 in_II some_DD of_IO Ethiopia_NP1 's_GE provinces_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL And_CC yet_RR ,_, there_EX is_VBZ much_DA1 debate_NN1 about_II what_DDQ aid_NN1 agencies_NN2 should_VM be_VBI doing_VDG ,_, who_PNQS we_PPIS2 should_VM support_VVI ,_, and_CC how_RRQ aid_NN1 can_VM be_VBI most_RGT effective_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ often_RR controversy_NN1 around_II these_DD2 organisations_NN2 *-_- the_AT channels_NN2 that_CST we_PPIS2 ,_, in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 ,_, have_VH0 to_TO send_VVI resources_NN2 overseas_RL *-_- and_CC the_AT work_NN1 that_CST they_PPHS2 do_VD0 ._. ^ ^_NULL Anyone_PN1 who_PNQS has_VHZ had_VHN a_AT1 door_NN1 slammed_VVN in_II their_APPGE face_NN1 when_CS collecting_VVG money_NN1 for_IF an_AT1 aid_NN1 agency_NN1 will_VM know_VVI that_DD1 New_JJ Zealanders_NP1 hold_VV0 strong_JJ and_CC diverse_JJ opinions_NN2 about_II these_DD2 questions_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II this_DD1 chapter_NN1 I_PPIS1 want_VV0 to_TO analyse_VVI how_RRQ New_NP Zealand_NP1 's_GE aid_NN1 practices_NN2 operate_VV0 ,_, and_CC why_RRQ they_PPHS2 exist_VV0 ._. ^ ^_NULL To_TO do_VDI this_DD1 I_PPIS1 will_VM examine_VVI some_DD of_IO the_AT reasons_NN2 behind_II our_APPGE aid_NN1 policies_NN2 and_CC just_RR how_RRQ they_PPHS2 have_VH0 evolved_VVN since_CS we_PPIS2 first_MD began_VVD considering_II our_APPGE international_JJ responsibilities_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Necessary_JJ for_IF understanding_VVG these_DD2 policies_NN2 is_VBZ a_AT1 view_NN1 of_IO some_DD of_IO the_AT international_JJ relationships_NN2 that_CST underpin_VV0 questions_NN2 of_IO development_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Then_RT ,_, armed_VVN with_IW a_AT1 socialist_JJ analysis_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 will_VM talk_VVI about_II how_RRQ we_PPIS2 can_VM move_VVI towards_II effective_JJ aid_NN1 and_CC development_NN1 ,_, and_CC what_DDQ a_AT1 socialist_JJ aid_NN1 policy_NN1 might_VM look_VVI like_II ._. ^ ^_NULL To_TO do_VDI this_DD1 ,_, I_PPIS1 will_VM spell_VVI out_RP steps_NN2 we_PPIS2 in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 need_VV0 to_TO take_VVI in_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO reach_VVI this_DD1 goal_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL What_DDQ is_VBZ Development_NN1 ?_? ^ *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL First_MD ,_, I_PPIS1 want_VV0 to_TO consider_VVI the_AT question_NN1 *-_- what_DDQ is_VBZ development_NN1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 must_VM be_VBI a_AT1 crucial_JJ question_NN1 since_II development_NN1 is_VBZ always_RR promoted_VVN as_II a_AT1 major_JJ goal_NN1 of_IO aid_NN1 programmes_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Development_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 process_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 comprises_VVZ the_AT economic_JJ ,_, social_JJ and_CC political_JJ forces_NN2 that_CST shape_VV0 peoples_NN2 '_GE existence_NN1 ,_, and_CC it_PPH1 is_VBZ *-_- **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL While_CS this_DD1 provides_VVZ a_AT1 general_JJ and_CC overarching_VVG definition_NN1 of_IO development_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 seems_VVZ a_AT1 straightforward_JJ enough_DD goal_NN1 for_IF aid_NN1 programmes_NN2 to_TO aim_VVI at_II ._. ^ ^_NULL Why_RRQ ,_, then_RT ,_, are_VBR there_EX so_RG few_DA2 attempts_NN2 to_TO seriously_RR promote_VVI development_NN1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL The_AT idea_NN1 of_IO development_NN1 that_CST we_PPIS2 aim_VV0 for_IF ,_, and_CC the_AT strategies_NN2 that_CST we_PPIS2 use_VV0 to_TO realise_VVI it_PPH1 ,_, depend_VV0 on_II the_AT philosophy_NN1 or_CC viewpoint_NN1 we_PPIS2 have_VH0 when_CS we_PPIS2 consider_VV0 *-_- **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT socialist_JJ understanding_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 questions_NN2 provides_VVZ us_PPIO2 with_IW a_AT1 consistent_JJ and_CC meaningful_JJ picture_NN1 of_IO international_JJ relationships_NN2 and_CC *1_NULL why_RRQ *0_NULL we_PPIS2 face_VV0 the_AT global_JJ problems_NN2 of_IO disease_NN1 ,_, suffering_VVG ,_, poverty_NN1 and_CC oppression_NN1 that_CST we_PPIS2 try_VV0 to_TO ameliorate_VVI with_IW aid_NN1 programmes_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Progress_NN1 and_CC modernisation_NN1 has_VHZ essentially_RR been_VBN controlled_VVN by_II the_AT owners_NN2 of_IO resources_NN2 ,_, land_NN1 ,_, business_NN1 and_CC investments_NN2 ,_, in_II order_NN1 to_TO further_RRR their_APPGE own_DA power_NN1 and_CC wealth_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Capitalism_NN1 ,_, in_II the_AT last_MD two_MC or_CC three_MC hundred_NNO years_NNT2 ,_, has_VHZ further_RRR dominated_VVN the_AT relationships_NN2 between_II countries_NN2 ,_, as_CSA the_AT owners_NN2 of_IO resources_NN2 extended_VVD their_APPGE control_NN1 over_II the_AT lives_NN2 of_IO people_NN in_II colonised_JJ countries_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT colonialism_NN1 of_IO the_AT eighteenth_MD and_CC nineteenth_MD centuries_NNT2 is_VBZ characterised_VVN by_II a_AT1 group_NN of_IO people_NN *-_- the_AT Europeans_NN2 *-_- and_CC their_APPGE transformation_NN1 of_IO the_AT world_NN1 outside_II Europe_NP1 ,_, into_II one_MC1 of_IO European_JJ owned_JJ plantations_NN2 ,_, mines_NN2 ,_, factories_NN2 ,_, markets_NN2 ,_, sources_NN2 of_IO cheap_JJ labour_NN1 ,_, homes_NN2 for_IF investments_NN2 and_CC bases_NN2 for_IF military_JJ power_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT legacy_NN1 of_IO colonialism_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 nearly_RR universal_JJ economic_JJ system_NN1 *-_- capitalism_NN1 *-_- imposed_VVD by_II the_AT affluent_JJ nations_NN2 on_II the_AT rest_NN1 of_IO the_AT planet_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT majority_NN of_IO colonised_JJ nations_NN2 have_VH0 now_RT been_VBN given_VVN political_JJ independence_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL However_RR ,_, political_JJ independence_NN1 has_VHZ not_XX allowed_VVN people_NN in_II these_DD2 countries_NN2 to_TO take_VVI control_NN1 of_IO the_AT forces_NN2 that_CST shape_VV0 their_APPGE lives_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT affluent_JJ countries_NN2 have_VH0 found_VVN new_JJ ways_NN2 of_IO maintaining_VVG economic_JJ and_CC political_JJ dependence_NN1 of_IO peoples_NN2 in_II newly_RR independent_JJ nations_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Aid_NN1 to_II developing_JJ nations_NN2 has_VHZ been_VBN one_MC1 tool_NN1 that_CST richer_JJR nations_NN2 have_VH0 used_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL Describing_NP1 New_NP Zealand_NP1 's_GE aid_NN1 to_II South_NP East_NP Asia_NP1 during_II the_AT 1960_MC221 's_MC222 ,_, one_MC1 writer_NN1 has_VHZ stated_VVN *-_- **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 can_VM be_VBI seen_VVN ,_, that_CST in_II a_AT1 very_RG self-conscious_JJ way_NN1 ,_, the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 government_NN provided_VVD aid_NN1 to_II developing_JJ countries_NN2 for_IF areas_NN2 and_CC projects_NN2 that_CST would_VM primarily_RR benefit_VVI New_NP Zealand_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Far_RG21 from_RG22 charitable_JJ ,_, or_CC humanitarian_JJ endeavour_NN1 ,_, aid_NN1 programmes_NN2 seem_VV0 a_AT1 rational_JJ and_CC logical_JJ necessity_NN1 ,_, for_IF any_DD capitalist_NN1 economy_NN1 *-_- both_RR to_TO safeguard_VVI itself_PPX1 against_II what_DDQ it_PPH1 sees_VVZ as_RG political_JJ threats_NN2 ,_, and_CC to_TO secure_VVI economic_JJ and_CC trading_JJ advantages_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT essential_JJ point_NN1 here_RL is_VBZ that_CST whatever_DDQV benefits_NN2 *'_" aid_NN1 **'_" purports_VVZ to_TO give_VVI *'_" developing_JJ nations_NN2 **'_" ,_, the_AT real_JJ advantages_NN2 accrue_VV0 more_DAR to_II the_AT donor_NN1 than_CSN to_II the_AT recipient_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL To_TO demonstrate_VVI just_RR how_RRQ the_AT benefits_NN2 of_IO aid_NN1 projects_NN2 accrue_VV0 to_II the_AT donor_NN1 country_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 brief_JJ examination_NN1 of_IO one_MC1 of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 's_GE current_JJ major_JJ aid_NN1 projects_NN2 follows_VVZ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Between_II 1973_MC and_CC 1988_MC ,_, the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 government_NN will_VM provide_VVI *+_NULL $_NN {_NULL NZ_NP }_NULL 23.36_MC million_NNO for_IF the_AT development_NN1 of_IO geothermal_JJ power_NN1 in_II the_AT Philippines_NP (_( {_NULL NZ_NP }_NULL Bilateral_JJ Aid_NN1 Programme_NN1 ,_, 1984_MC )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL As_II a_AT1 bilateral_JJ aid_NN1 project_NN1 it_PPH1 is_VBZ decided_VVN on_RP and_CC funded_VVN as_II a_AT1 matter_NN1 between_II the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 and_CC Philippine_JJ governments_NNJ2 ._. ^ ^_NULL While_CS ,_, at_RR21 first_RR22 glance_VV0 ,_, the_AT project_NN1 may_VM seem_VVI a_AT1 reasonable_JJ one_PN1 for_IF New_NP Zealand_NP1 to_TO be_VBI assisting_VVG the_AT Filipino_JJ people_NN with_IW ,_, the_AT answers_NN2 to_II the_AT question_NN1 *-_- who_PNQS benefits_NN2 ?_? ^ *-_- provide_VV0 a_AT1 better_JJR understanding_NN1 of_IO the_AT nature_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE aid_NN1 projects_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Between_II eighty-five_MC and_CC ninety-five_MC percent_NNU of_IO the_AT funds_NN2 spent_VVN on_II the_AT project_NN1 have_VH0 to_TO date_VVI been_VBN received_VVN by_II an_AT1 Auckland_NP1 engineering_NN1 consultancy_NN1 ,_, (_( {_NULL KRTA_NP1 }_NULL )_) (_( Campbell_NP1 ,_, 1984_MC )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT *'_" aid_NN1 **'_" therefore_RR ,_, has_VHZ benefited_VVN the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 economy_NN1 ,_, and_CC New_NP Zealand_NP1 employment_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Campbell_NP1 goes_VVZ on_RP to_TO add_VVI that_CST the_AT company_NN1 has_VHZ negotiated_VVN a_AT1 further_JJR *+_NULL $14.5_NNU million_NNO worth_NN1 of_IO contracts_NN2 internationally_RR ,_, based_VVN on_II the_AT expertise_NN1 learned_VVN in_II the_AT Philippines_NP so_CS the_AT aid_NN1 project_NN1 will_VM also_RR continue_VVI to_TO earn_VVI New_NP Zealand_NP1 foreign_JJ exchange_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II a_AT1 country_NN1 where_RRQ five_MC percent_NNU of_IO the_AT population_NN1 controls_VVZ eighty_MC percent_NNU of_IO the_AT wealth_NN1 and_CC ninety_MC percent_NNU of_IO the_AT population_NN1 live_VV0 below_II the_AT poverty_NN1 line_NN1 (_( Campbell_NP1 ,_, 1984_MC )_) the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 government_NN has_VHZ funded_VVN a_AT1 project_NN1 that_CST does_VDZ not_XX benefit_VVI the_AT poorest_JJT ninety_MC percent_NNU of_IO the_AT population_NN1 ,_, but_CCB Japanese_JJ multinational_JJ corporations_NNJ2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ their_APPGE industry_NN1 in_II the_AT Philippines_NP which_DDQ ,_, to_TO date_VVI ,_, has_VHZ been_VBN the_AT primary_JJ user_NN1 of_IO the_AT power_NN1 ,_, generated_VVN by_II the_AT geothermal_JJ projects_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 could_VM be_VBI successfully_RR argued_VVN that_CST the_AT aid_NN1 project_NN1 has_VHZ even_RR been_VBN detrimental_JJ to_II the_AT development_NN1 of_IO the_AT Filipino_JJ people_NN as_II a_AT1 whole_NN1 since_CS it_PPH1 has_VHZ aided_VVN and_CC supported_VVN the_AT repressive_JJ government_NN that_CST continues_VVZ to_TO regenerate_VVI the_AT vast_JJ disparities_NN2 of_IO wealth_NN1 and_CC living_JJ standards_NN2 in_II the_AT country_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Any_DD economic_JJ development_NN1 that_CST has_VHZ taken_VVN place_NN1 in_II the_AT country_NN1 ,_, to_TO date_VVI ,_, has_VHZ benefited_VVN the_AT wealthy_JJ five_MC percent_NNU ._. ^ ^_NULL Therefore_RR ,_, the_AT results_NN2 of_IO the_AT projects_NN2 will_VM do_VDI nothing_PN1 to_TO change_VVI the_AT exploitation_NN1 of_IO the_AT other_JJ ninety_MC percent_NNU ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 general_JJ analysis_NN1 of_IO aid_NN1 projects_NN2 in_II the_AT Philippines_NP gives_VVZ results_VVZ that_CST are_VBR consistent_JJ with_IW this_DD1 New_NP Zealand_NP1 example_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Aid_NN1 has_VHZ helped_VVN to_TO keep_VVI President_NNB Marcos_NP1 in_II power_NN1 and_CC has_VHZ condemned_VVN more_RRR and_CC more_DAR Filipinos_NN2 to_II poverty_NN1 and_CC hunger_NN1 (_( Clarke_NP1 ,_, 1982_MC )_) ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT practice_NN1 of_IO *'_" aiding_VVG **'_" poor_JJ countries_NN2 by_II supporting_VVG the_AT economies_NN2 of_IO the_AT rich_JJ is_VBZ now_RT a_AT1 widespread_JJ phenomenon_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II 1983_MC ,_, the_AT British_JJ government_NN used_JJ *+_NULL $100_NNU million_NNO of_IO its_APPGE aid_NN1 budget_NN1 (_( twenty_MC percent_NNU )_) as_CSA export_NN1 subsidies_NN2 to_II domestic_JJ firms_NNJ2 to_TO help_VVI employment_NN1 and_CC their_APPGE own_DA economy_NN1 (_( *1_NULL New_JJ Internationalist_NN1 ,_, *0_NULL August_NPM1 ,_, 1983_MC )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL Commercial_JJ and_CC industrial_JJ consideration_NN1 of_IO the_AT donor_NN1 country_NN1 determines_VVZ this_DD1 allocation_NN1 of_IO aid_NN1 *-_- not_XX the_AT development_NN1 needs_NN2 of_IO the_AT exploited_JJ members_NN2 of_IO the_AT recipient_JJ countries_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Aid_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX ,_, therefore_RR ,_, a_AT1 simple_JJ handout_NN1 that_CST we_PPIS2 should_VM all_RR endorse_VVI because_CS children_NN2 are_VBR dying_VVG of_IO starvation_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Aid_NN1 from_II governments_NNJ2 is_VBZ designed_VVN ,_, primarily_RR ,_, to_TO ensure_VVI the_AT continuation_NN1 of_IO capitalism_NN1 ,_, and_CC of_IO the_AT economic_JJ benefits_NN2 derived_VVN from_II it_PPH1 by_II the_AT ruling_JJ classes_NN2 in_II the_AT *'_" North_NP1 **'_" and_CC *'_" South_NP1 **'_" (_( Hayter_NP1 ,_, 1983_MC )_) ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL These_DD2 are_VBR the_AT things_NN2 we_PPIS2 need_VV0 to_TO keep_VVI in_II mind_NN1 to_TO understand_VVI the_AT aid_NN1 relationships_NN2 that_CST we_PPIS2 in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 are_VBR part_NN1 of_IO ;_; so_CS21 that_CS22 we_PPIS2 can_VM go_VVI beyond_II them_PPHO2 ,_, and_CC construct_VVI effective_JJ relationships_NN2 that_CST promote_VV0 real_JJ development_NN1 for_IF poor_JJ and_CC oppressed_JJ peoples_NN2 ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL The_AT Development_NN1 of_IO Development_NN1 ._. ^ *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Following_VVG World_NN1 War_NN1 *=_NULL II_MC ,_, the_AT international_JJ agencies_NN2 were_VBDR instituted_VVN to_TO organise_VVI a_AT1 measure_NN1 of_IO co-operation_NN1 between_II countries_NN2 ,_, aimed_VVD at_II securing_VVG a_AT1 more_RGR stable_JJ world_NN1 order_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT United_JJ Nations_NN2 established_VVD international_JJ bodies_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 the_AT Food_NN1 and_CC Agriculture_NN1 Organisation_NNJ ,_, the_AT World_NN1 Health_NN1 Organisation_NNJ ,_, and_CC others_NN2 which_DDQ assumed_VVD that_DD1 co-operation_NN1 would_VM wipe_VVI out_RP poverty_NN1 ,_, disease_NN1 ,_, illiteracy_NN1 and_CC starvation_NN1 in_II the_AT nations_NN2 emerging_VVG from_II colonial_JJ dependency_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL New_NP Zealand_NP1 ,_, as_II a_AT1 particularly_RR fortunate_JJ member_NN1 of_IO the_AT world_NN1 community_NNJ ,_, whole-heartedly_RR supported_VVN these_DD2 efforts_NN2 to_TO eradicate_VVI poverty_NN1 and_CC suffering_VVG ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT 1950_MC 's_GE and_CC 1960_MC221 's_MC222 saw_VVD large_JJ numbers_NN2 of_IO New_JJ Zealanders_NP1 supporting_VVG overseas_JJ aid_NN1 programmes_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ genuinely_RR believed_VVN ,_, during_II the_AT {_NULL UN_NP }_NULL designated_VVD 1960_MC 's_VBZ development_NN1 decade_NNT1 ,_, that_DD1 poverty_NN1 and_CC hunger_NN1 could_VM be_VBI overcome_VVN in_II ten_MC years_NNT2 ._. ^ ^_NULL All_DB that_DD1 was_VBDZ needed_VVN was_VBDZ the_AT international_JJ will_NN1 and_CC co-operation_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL To_II this_DD1 end_NN1 ,_, the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 government_NN worked_VVD closely_RR with_IW {_NULL UN_NP }_NULL bodies_NN2 ,_, as_CC31 well_CC32 as_CC33 initiating_VVG its_APPGE own_DA projects_NN2 around_II the_AT world_NN1 ,_, especially_RR where_RRQ New_NP Zealand_NP1 could_VM contribute_VVI agricultural_JJ advice_NN1 and_CC technology_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II the_AT early_JJ 1960_MC221 's_MC222 ,_, New_JJ Zealanders_NP1 raised_VVD 500,000_MC pounds_NN2 for_IF the_AT International_JJ Freedom_NN1 from_II Hunger_NN1 Campaign_VV0 *-_- a_AT1 precedent_NN1 in_II {_NULL UN_NP }_NULL history_NN1 ,_, as_CSA it_PPH1 represented_VVD the_AT highest_RRT per_JJ21 capita_JJ22 contribution_NN1 of_IO any_DD country_NN1 in_II the_AT world_NN1 (_( Thompson_NP1 ,_, 1966:63_MC )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL Mindful_NP1 of_IO our_APPGE own_DA standards_NN2 of_IO living_VVG ,_, we_PPIS2 happily_RR contributed_VVD some_DD of_IO our_APPGE own_DA wealth_NN1 ,_, so_CS21 that_CS22 other_JJ countries_NN2 could_VM reproduce_VVI elements_NN2 of_IO our_APPGE successful_JJ form_NN1 of_IO western_JJ development_NN1 and_CC modernisation_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL However_RR ,_, the_AT *'_" development_NN1 decade_NNT1 **'_" was_VBDZ a_AT1 failure_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT ten_MC years_NNT2 that_CST were_VBDR intended_VVN to_TO remove_VVI poverty_NN1 and_CC its_APPGE consequences_NN2 saw_VVD the_AT difference_NN1 between_II the_AT incomes_NN2 of_IO the_AT rich_JJ and_CC poor_JJ nations_NN2 increase_VV0 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 saw_VVD trade_NN1 conditions_NN2 worsen_VV0 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Developing_JJ Countries_NN2 '_GE share_NN1 of_IO world_NN1 trade_NN1 declined_VVD from_II twenty-one_MC percent_NNU in_II 1960_MC ,_, to_II eighteen_MC percent_NNU in_II 1970_MC ,_, (_( *1_NULL Trends_NN2 in_II Developing_JJ Countries_NN2 ,_, *0_NULL World_NN1 Bank_NN1 ,_, 1971_MC )_) and_CC prices_NN2 for_IF their_APPGE exports_NN2 fell_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT indebtedness_NN1 of_IO the_AT poor_JJ countries_NN2 to_II the_AT rich_JJ ones_NN2 continued_VVD to_TO grow_VVI (_( Balasuriya_NP1 ,_, 1972:10_MC )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL These_DD2 trends_NN2 continued_VVD to_TO intensify_VVI into_II the_AT 1970_MC 's_GE ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB one_MC1 development_NN1 decade_NNT1 ,_, and_CC its_APPGE failure_NN1 ,_, was_VBDZ enough_RR to_TO prompt_VVI international_JJ bodies_NN2 to_TO ask_VVI why_RRQ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT answer_NN1 to_II this_DD1 question_NN1 required_VVD a_AT1 deeper_JJR analysis_NN1 of_IO what_DDQ had_VHD been_VBN going_VVG on_RP during_II these_DD2 years_NNT2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ here_RL that_CST a_AT1 socialist_JJ understanding_NN1 gains_VVZ credibility_NN1 ,_, simply_RR because_CS it_PPH1 has_VHZ the_AT power_NN1 to_TO explain_VVI the_AT failure_NN1 of_IO the_AT {_NULL UN_NP }_NULL decade_NNT1 ,_, and_CC the_AT programmes_NN2 sponsored_VVN by_II the_AT governments_NNJ2 of_IO rich_JJ countries_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Put_VVN simply_RR ,_, the_AT rich_JJ countries_NN2 had_VHD tried_VVN to_TO apply_VVI their_APPGE own_DA conception_NN1 of_IO development_NN1 to_II the_AT Third_MD World_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 consisted_VVD of_IO industrialisation_NN1 ,_, agriculture_NN1 geared_VVD for_IF export_NN1 to_TO earn_VVI foreign_JJ exchange_NN1 ,_, and_CC generally_RR the_AT replication_NN1 of_IO the_AT capitalist_NN1 economic_JJ model_NN1 that_CST was_VBDZ working_VVG so_RG successfully_RR for_IF the_AT rich_JJ countries_NN2 in_II the_AT 1950_MC 's_GE and_CC 1960_MC 's_GE ._. ^ ^_NULL Poor_JJ countries_NN2 were_VBDR even_RR betrayed_VVN by_II the_AT methods_NN2 of_IO western_JJ sponsored_JJ *'_" development_NN1 **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL Working_VVG through_II local_JJ elites_NN2 and_CC governments_NNJ2 ,_, programmes_NN2 assumed_VVD that_CST the_AT benefits_NN2 showered_VVD on_II ruling_JJ groups_NN2 would_VM *'_" trickle_VVI down_RP **'_" to_II the_AT poor_JJ of_IO the_AT country_NN1 while_CS ,_, at_II the_AT same_DA time_NNT1 ,_, incorporating_VVG the_AT nation_NN1 into_II a_AT1 global_JJ capitalist_NN1 world_NN1 order_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL However_RR ,_, the_AT application_NN1 of_IO western_JJ inspired_JJ and_CC western_JJ supplied_JJ technology_NN1 and_CC expertise_NN1 did_VDD not_XX achieve_VVI any_DD effective_JJ redistribution_NN1 of_IO wealth_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL These_DD2 methods_NN2 ,_, George_NP1 (_( 1976_MC )_) adds_VVZ *-_- **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Just_RR how_RRQ does_VDZ this_DD1 enrichment_NN1 of_IO the_AT rich_JJ continue_VV0 *-_- even_RR today_RT ?_? ^ ^_NULL Aid_NN1 ,_, targeted_VVD at_II improving_VVG the_AT lot_NN of_IO poor_JJ and_CC oppressed_JJ people_NN ,_, must_VM be_VBI based_VVN on_II an_AT1 understanding_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 process_NN1 *-_- if_CS it_PPH1 is_VBZ to_TO promote_VVI successful_JJ development_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Recently_NP1 ,_, our_APPGE televisions_NN2 have_VH0 graphically_RR shown_VVN us_PPIO2 the_AT situation_NN1 of_IO the_AT poor_JJ in_II North_NP Africa_NP1 ,_, and_CC the_AT absolute_JJ deprivation_NN1 of_IO people_NN who_PNQS do_VD0 not_XX have_VHI what_DDQ they_PPHS2 need_VV0 to_TO survive_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL However_RR ,_, what_DDQ is_VBZ not_XX made_VVN so_RG clear_JJ ,_, is_VBZ that_DD1 these_DD2 people_NN are_VBR poor_JJ because_CS others_NN2 are_VBR rich_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX are_VBR huge_JJ imbalances_NN2 in_II the_AT distribution_NN1 of_IO wealth_NN1 in_II the_AT world_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL These_DD2 figures_NN2 refer_VV0 to_II the_AT ownership_NN1 of_IO land_NN1 *-_- a_AT1 primary_JJ source_NN1 of_IO wealth_NN1 and_CC power_NN1 *-_- **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Without_IW access_NN1 to_II or_CC control_NN1 of_IO land_NN1 people_NN are_VBR powerless_JJ to_TO feed_VVI themselves_PPX2 and_CC unable_JJ to_TO determine_VVI their_APPGE own_DA lives_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ particularly_RR characteristic_JJ of_IO many_DA2 African_JJ countries_NN2 ,_, where_CS the_AT small_JJ minority_NN1 who_PNQS own_VV0 the_AT land_NN1 use_VV0 it_PPH1 for_IF the_AT creation_NN1 of_IO wealth_NN1 *-_- and_CC not_XX for_IF the_AT production_NN1 of_IO food_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Encouraged_JJ and_CC supported_VVN by_II foreign_JJ companies_NN2 ,_, who_PNQS invest_VV0 in_II agricultural_JJ programmes_NN2 with_IW the_AT aim_NN1 of_IO profit_NN1 ,_, much_DA1 of_IO the_AT productive_JJ land_NN1 in_II Africa_NP1 is_VBZ used_VVN for_IF the_AT production_NN1 of_IO cash_NN1 crops_VVZ for_IF export_NN1 ._.