^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 265+TEXT+H01_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL For_IF the_AT last_MD two_MC years_NNT2 its_APPGE {_NULL GNP_NN1 }_NULL has_VHZ contracted_VVN by_II nearly_RR 10_MC percent_NNU ._. ^ ^_NULL More_RR21 than_RR22 half_DB the_AT work_NN1 force_NN1 are_VBR unemployed_JJ or_CC under-employed_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL Inflation_NN1 in_II 1984_MC reached_VVD some_DD 60_MC percent_NNU ._. ^ ^_NULL Per_JJ21 capita_JJ22 income_NN1 in_II real_JJ terms_NN2 is_VBZ now_RT around_II the_AT same_DA level_NN1 as_CSA in_II 1972_MC ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Aquino_NP1 Government_NNJ has_VHZ moved_VVN quickly_RR to_TO control_VVI public_JJ expenditure_NN1 and_CC to_TO dismantle_VVI monopolies_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 has_VHZ made_VVN it_PPH1 clear_VVI that_DD1 agricultural_JJ reform_NN1 will_VM have_VHI high_JJ priority_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Recovery_NN1 of_IO the_AT rural_JJ sector_NN1 would_VM significantly_RR boost_VVI the_AT whole_JJ economy_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX are_VBR already_RR some_DD positive_JJ signs_NN2 :_: inflation_NN1 has_VHZ fallen_VVN to_RP under_RG 20_MC percent_NNU ;_; interest_NN1 rates_NN2 are_VBR also_RR coming_VVG down_RP ;_; and_CC the_AT exchange_NN1 rate_NN1 has_VHZ stabilised_VVN at_II about_RG 20_MC pesos_NN2 to_II the_AT {_NULL US_NP }_NULL dollar_NNU1 ._. ^ ^_NULL After_II two_MC years_NNT2 of_IO a_AT1 declining_JJ {_NULL GNP_NN1 }_NULL ,_, a_AT1 positive_JJ but_CCB very_RG modest_JJ rate_NN1 of_IO growth_NN1 is_VBZ expected_VVN this_DD1 year_NNT1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL New_NP Zealand_NP1 's_GE relations_NN2 with_IW the_AT Philippines_NP have_VH0 historically_RR been_VBN friendly_JJ but_CCB ,_, until_CS recently_RR ,_, not_XX especially_RR close_VV0 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Embassy_NN1 in_II the_AT Philippines_NP was_VBDZ opened_VVN in_II 1975_MC *-_- the_AT last_MD of_IO the_AT five_MC founding_JJ {_NULL ASEAN_JJ }_NULL countries_NN2 in_II which_DDQ New_NP Zealand_NP1 established_VVD resident_JJ representation_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL This_DD1 country_NN1 's_VHZ exports_NN2 to_II the_AT Philippines_NP have_VH0 declined_VVN in_II recent_JJ years_NNT2 because_II21 of_II22 the_AT contraction_NN1 in_II the_AT Philippines_NP economy_NN1 ,_, but_CCB with_IW greater_JJR political_JJ stability_NN1 and_CC the_AT likelihood_NN1 of_IO economic_JJ recovery_NN1 ,_, the_AT prospects_NN2 for_IF renewed_JJ growth_NN1 are_VBR good_JJ ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL *<_NULL *6_NULL SINGAPORE_NP1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Singapore_NP1 is_VBZ a_AT1 city_NN1 state_NN1 ,_, a_RR21 little_RR22 smaller_JJR than_CSN Lake_NNL1 Taupo_NP ,_, but_CCB it_PPH1 is_VBZ one_MC1 of_IO the_AT economic_JJ powerhouses_NN2 of_IO Asia_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 thrives_VVZ on_II trade_NN1 ,_, commerce_NN1 and_CC financial_JJ dealings_NN2 ,_, and_CC through_II a_AT1 combination_NN1 of_IO hard_JJ work_NN1 and_CC astute_JJ government_NN has_VHZ become_VVN the_AT most_RGT affluent_JJ country_NN1 in_II Asia_NP1 after_II Brunei_NP1 and_CC Japan_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 has_VHZ a_AT1 population_NN1 of_IO some_DD 2.5_MC million_NNO ,_, approximately_RR three_MC quarters_NN2 of_IO whom_PNQO are_VBR Chinese_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Singapore_NP1 would_VM probably_RR have_VHI remained_VVN a_AT1 quiet_JJ fishing_NN1 village_NN1 if_CS Sir_NNB Stanford_NP1 Raffles_NP1 had_VHD not_XX recognised_VVN in_II 1819_MC its_APPGE potential_NN1 as_II a_AT1 port_NN1 and_CC administrative_JJ centre_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Under_II the_AT British_JJ it_PPH1 became_VVD a_AT1 great_JJ trading_JJ port_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 military_JJ and_CC naval_JJ base_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II 1959_MC Singapore_NP1 became_VVD internally_RR self-governing_JJ ;_; in_II 1963_MC it_PPH1 joined_VVD Malaysia_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Just_RR two_MC years_NNT2 later_RRR ,_, however_RR ,_, it_PPH1 separated_VVD from_II Malaysia_NP1 ,_, because_II21 of_II22 a_AT1 basic_JJ conflict_NN1 of_IO interests_NN2 between_II *"_" Malaysia_NP1 for_IF the_AT Malays_NN2 **"_" and_CC Singapore_NP1 's_GE predominantly_RR Chinese_JJ population_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Under_II the_AT Prime_JJ Minister_NN1 ,_, Lee_NP1 Kuan_NP1 Yew_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 newly_RR independent_JJ Singapore_NP1 used_VVD trade_NN1 ,_, tourism_NN1 and_CC industrialisation_NN1 to_TO make_VVI up_RP for_IF the_AT loss_NN1 of_IO British_JJ bases_NN2 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Recently_RR the_AT economy_NN1 has_VHZ come_VVN under_II some_DD strain_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 growth_NN1 rate_NN1 of_IO 8.2_MC percent_NNU in_II 1984_MC was_VBDZ followed_VVN by_II a_AT1 contraction_NN1 of_IO -1.7%_FO in_II 1985_MC ,_, and_CC the_AT governing_JJ party_NN ,_, the_AT People_NN 's_GE Action_NN1 Party_NNJ (_( {_NULL PAP_NN1 }_NULL )_) ,_, has_VHZ lost_VVN some_DD of_IO its_APPGE overwhelming_JJ support_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Government_NNJ has_VHZ ,_, however_RR ,_, moved_VVD quickly_RR to_TO implement_VVI measures_NN2 designed_VVD to_TO turn_VVI the_AT economy_NN1 around_RP and_CC ,_, provided_CS the_AT international_JJ economy_NN1 picks_VVZ up_RP ,_, the_AT current_JJ downturn_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX likely_JJ to_TO have_VHI serious_JJ long-term_JJ effects_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT slowing_JJ down_NN1 comes_VVZ ,_, however_RR ,_, at_II a_AT1 delicate_JJ point_NN1 in_II the_AT process_NN1 of_IO transferring_VVG political_JJ power_NN1 to_II the_AT *'_" second_MD generation_NN1 **'_" of_IO political_JJ leaders_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Lee_NP1 Kuan_NP1 Yew_NP1 still_RR controls_VVZ and_CC guides_VVZ Singapore_NP1 's_GE political_JJ and_CC economic_JJ policies_NN2 ,_, but_CCB a_AT1 younger_JJR cabinet_NNJ team_NN led_VVN by_II the_AT First_MD Deputy_NN1 Prime_JJ Minister_NN1 ,_, Goh_NP1 Chok_NP1 Tong_NP1 ,_, is_VBZ now_RT handling_VVG the_AT day-to-day_JJ business_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Among_II the_AT younger_JJR men_NN2 taking_VVG a_AT1 prominent_JJ part_NN1 in_II running_VVG the_AT country_NN1 is_VBZ Lee_NP1 Kuan_NP1 Yew_NP1 's_GE elder_JJR son_NN1 ,_, Brigadier-General_NN1 (_( \_NULL Res_NP1 )_) Lee_NP1 Hsien_NP1 Loong_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS is_VBZ Acting_VVG Minister_NN1 of_IO Trade_NN1 and_CC Industry_NN1 and_CC Minister_NN1 of_IO State_NN1 for_IF Defence_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT bilateral_JJ relationship_NN1 with_IW New_NP Zealand_NP1 has_VHZ been_VBN close_JJ for_IF many_DA2 years_NNT2 ._. ^ ^_NULL While_CS Commonwealth_NNJ ties_NN2 and_CC co-operation_NN1 in_II defence_NN1 and_CC security_NN1 matters_NN2 formed_VVD the_AT early_JJ links_NN2 ,_, the_AT focus_NN1 is_VBZ now_RT increasingly_RR commercial_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL With_IW over_RG 40_MC New_NP Zealand_NP1 firms_NNJ2 based_VVN in_II Singapore_NP1 ,_, this_DD1 country_NN1 's_GE private_JJ sector_NN1 presence_NN1 is_VBZ strong_JJ and_CC growing_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Singapore_NP1 is_VBZ used_VVN as_II the_AT springboard_NN1 for_IF the_AT operations_NN2 of_IO many_DA2 New_NP Zealand_NP1 companies_NN2 in_II South_NP East_NP Asia_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL New_NP Zealand_NP1 cabinet_NNJ ministers_NN2 ,_, Members_NN2 of_IO Parliament_NNJ ,_, officials_NN2 and_CC businessmen_NN2 visit_VV0 Singapore_NP1 frequently_RR and_CC their_APPGE Singaporean_NN1 counterparts_VVZ also_RR come_VV0 to_II this_DD1 country_NN1 quite_RG regularly_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 Force_NNJ in_II South_NP East_NP Asia_NP1 (_( {_NULL NZFORSEA_NP1 }_NULL )_) has_VHZ been_VBN stationed_VVN in_II Singapore_NP1 since_II 1971_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX are_VBR also_RR substantial_JJ links_NN2 between_II the_AT two_MC countries_NN2 in_II the_AT fields_NN2 of_IO tourism_NN1 ,_, education_NN1 and_CC technological_JJ and_CC scientific_JJ co-operation_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT development_NN1 assistance_NN1 programme_NN1 to_II Singapore_NP1 has_VHZ been_VBN reduced_VVN in_II recent_JJ years_NNT2 in_II31 line_II32 with_II33 Singapore_NP1 's_GE increasing_JJ affluence_NN1 ,_, and_CC is_VBZ now_RT directed_VVN solely_RR toward_II training_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *6_NULL THAILAND_NP1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Thailand_NP1 's_GE population_NN1 of_IO about_RG 52_MC million_NNO lives_NN2 on_II a_AT1 land_NN1 area_NN1 just_RR twice_RR the_AT size_NN1 of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Buddhism_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT dominant_JJ religion_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Thailand_NP1 is_VBZ a_AT1 very_RG fertile_JJ country_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 major_JJ agricultural_JJ producer_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Rice_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT mainstay_NN1 of_IO the_AT Thai_JJ economy_NN1 and_CC the_AT country_NN1 's_GE major_JJ export_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Tin_NN1 mining_NN1 and_CC rubber_JJ production_NN1 are_VBR also_RR major_JJ export_NN1 activities_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Thailand_NP1 is_VBZ the_AT only_JJ country_NN1 in_II South_NP East_NP Asia_NP1 never_RR to_TO have_VHI been_VBN colonised_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Thailand_NP1 is_VBZ a_AT1 constitutional_JJ monarchy_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Under_II the_AT terms_NN2 of_IO the_AT 1978_MC constitution_NN1 ,_, the_AT King_NN1 is_VBZ Head_NN1 of_IO State_NN1 and_CC Commander_NN1 in_II Chief_NN1 of_IO the_AT Armed_JJ Forces_NNJ2 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 appoints_VVZ the_AT Prime_JJ Minister_NN1 on_II the_AT advice_NN1 of_IO the_AT National_JJ Assembly_NNJ ,_, and_CC the_AT Council_NNJ of_IO Ministers_NN2 on_II the_AT advice_NN1 of_IO the_AT Prime_JJ Minister_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Since_CS the_AT end_NN1 of_IO the_AT absolute_JJ monarchy_NN1 in_II 1932_MC ,_, effective_JJ power_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN exercised_VVN by_II a_AT1 group_NN of_IO political_JJ parties_NN2 with_IW the_AT co-operation_NN1 and_CC support_NN1 of_IO the_AT military_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL While_CS periodic_JJ changes_NN2 of_IO government_NN might_VM convey_VVI an_AT1 impression_NN1 of_IO political_JJ instability_NN1 ,_, the_AT changes_NN2 of_IO leadership_NN1 have_VH0 not_XX affected_VVN the_AT basic_JJ thrust_NN1 of_IO Thailand_NP1 's_GE foreign_JJ and_CC domestic_JJ policies_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT interests_NN2 held_VVD in_RR21 common_RR22 by_II competing_VVG e_ZZ1 *?_NULL 21ites_FO have_VH0 tended_VVN to_TO outweigh_VVI any_DD differences_NN2 among_II them_PPHO2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT monarchy_NN1 and_CC the_AT Buddhist_JJ religion_NN1 are_VBR major_JJ unifying_JJ factors_NN2 in_II Thailand_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Recent_JJ government_NN economic_JJ policy_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN dominated_VVN by_II the_AT need_NN1 to_TO come_VVI to_II grips_NN2 with_IW the_AT imbalances_NN2 in_II Thailand_NP1 's_GE national_JJ accounts_NN2 ,_, a_AT1 continuing_JJ current_JJ account_NN1 deficit_NN1 and_CC mounting_VVG foreign_JJ debt_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Internally_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 persistent_JJ budget_NN1 deficit_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 major_JJ problem_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Government_NNJ has_VHZ implemented_VVN tight_JJ fiscal_JJ and_CC monetary_JJ policies_NN2 since_CS late_RR 1984_MC to_TO tackle_VVI these_DD2 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 resolution_NN1 of_IO the_AT problem_NN1 remains_VVZ elusive_JJ ,_, however_RR ,_, mainly_RR because_II21 of_II22 a_AT1 sharp_JJ downturn_NN1 in_II world_NN1 market_NN1 prices_NN2 for_IF Thailand_NP1 's_GE major_JJ agricultural_JJ commodities_NN2 due_II21 to_II22 increasing_VVG access_NN1 problems_NN2 for_IF its_APPGE exports_NN2 of_IO light_JJ industrial_JJ products_NN2 (_( textiles_NN2 ,_, clothing_NN1 ,_, footwear_NN1 and_CC electronic_JJ goods_NN2 )_) ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II the_AT medium_NN1 and_CC longer_JJR term_NN1 ,_, export_NN1 prospects_VVZ for_IF the_AT country_NN1 's_GE major_JJ commodities_NN2 do_VD0 not_XX look_VVI buoyant_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT {_NULL US_NP }_NULL Farm_NP1 Act_NN1 ,_, for_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, is_VBZ likely_JJ to_TO have_VHI an_AT1 adverse_JJ effect_NN1 on_II exports_NN2 of_IO rice_NN1 ,_, maize_NN1 and_CC sugar_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Significant_JJ growth_NN1 in_II the_AT economy_NN1 therefore_RR appears_VVZ to_TO be_VBI dependent_JJ on_II Thailand_NP1 successfully_RR breaking_VVG into_II major_JJ new_JJ markets_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL To_II this_DD1 end_NN1 ,_, greater_JJR attention_NN1 is_VBZ being_VBG focused_VVN on_II Eastern_NP1 Europe_NP1 and_CC the_AT Soviet_JJ Union_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Thailand_NP1 held_VVD a_AT1 general_JJ election_NN1 in_II July_NPM1 1986_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL As_CSA expected_VVN ,_, no_AT single_JJ party_NN gained_VVD a_AT1 clear_JJ majority_NN in_II the_AT House_NN1 of_IO Representatives_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT new_JJ coalition_NN1 Government_NNJ comprising_VVG Democrat_NN1 ,_, Chart_NN1 Thai_NN1 ,_, Social_JJ Action_NN1 and_CC Ratsaden_NP1 parties_NN2 renominated_VVD General_NNB Prem_NP1 Tinsulanonda_NP1 as_CSA Prime_JJ Minister_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Prem_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS has_VHZ been_VBN Prime_JJ Minister_NN1 since_II 1980_MC ,_, maintains_VVZ firm_JJ control_NN1 over_II key_JJ Cabinet_NNJ positions_NN2 and_CC enjoys_VVZ the_AT continued_JJ support_NN1 of_IO the_AT monarchy_NN1 ,_, the_AT key_JJ political_JJ parties_NN2 and_CC the_AT military_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL New_NP Zealand_NP1 's_GE relations_NN2 with_IW Thailand_NP1 are_VBR friendly_JJ and_CC date_NN1 back_RP to_II the_AT 1950s_MC2 and_CC the_AT formation_NN1 of_IO {_NULL SEATO_NN1 }_NULL ._. ^ ^_NULL An_AT1 indication_NN1 of_IO the_AT warmth_NN1 of_IO the_AT political_JJ relationship_NN1 was_VBDZ the_AT enthusiastic_JJ welcome_NN1 given_VVN to_II the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 Prime_JJ Minister_NN1 during_II his_APPGE official_JJ visit_NN1 to_II Bangkok_NP1 in_II June_NPM1 1986_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ a_AT1 wide_JJ range_NN1 of_IO bilateral_JJ contacts_NN2 between_II officials_NN2 ,_, in_RR21 particular_RR22 through_II the_AT bilateral_JJ aid_NN1 programme_NN1 (_( {_NULL NZ_NP }_NULL *+_NULL $1.5_NNU million_NNO in_II 1985/_FO 86_MC )_) ,_, the_AT Mutual_JJ Assistance_NN1 Programme_NN1 in_II the_AT defence_NN1 field_NN1 ,_, and_CC through_II the_AT business_NN1 community_NNJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Moreover_RR ,_, many_DA2 key_JJ Thai_JJ officials_NN2 have_VH0 studied_VVN at_II school_NN1 and_CC university_NN1 in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 and_CC now_RT form_VV0 an_AT1 influential_JJ constituency_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *6_NULL NEW_NP ZEALAND_NP1 AND_CC {_NULL ASEAN_NP1 }_NULL *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL New_NP Zealand_NP1 has_VHZ strongly_RR supported_VVN {_NULL ASEAN_JJ }_NULL since_CS its_APPGE inception_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 policy_NN1 was_VBDZ based_VVN on_II the_AT belief_NN1 that_CST the_AT expansion_NN1 and_CC strengthening_NN1 of_IO closer_JJR political_JJ and_CC economic_JJ relations_NN2 among_II the_AT countries_NN2 would_VM enhance_VVI political_JJ stability_NN1 and_CC promote_VVI economic_JJ development_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Subsequent_JJ events_NN2 have_VH0 borne_VVN this_DD1 out_RP ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL New_NP Zealand_NP1 and_CC the_AT members_NN2 of_IO {_NULL ASEAN_JJ }_NULL share_NN1 common_JJ interests_NN2 and_CC aspirations_NN2 in_II developing_VVG economic_JJ ,_, social_JJ and_CC cultural_JJ co-operation_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT bilateral_JJ relationships_NN2 are_VBR the_AT main_JJ means_NN for_IF pursuing_VVG these_DD2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT day_NNT1 to_II day_NNT1 business_NN1 between_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 and_CC {_NULL ASEAN_NN1 }_NULL as_II an_AT1 organisation_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX as_RR21 yet_RR22 as_RG substantial_JJ as_CSA the_AT traffic_NN1 with_IW the_AT {_NULL ASEAN_NN1 }_NULL s_ZZ1 on_II a_AT1 bilateral_JJ basis_NN1 ,_, but_CCB New_NP Zealand_NP1 's_GE support_NN1 for_IF development_NN1 in_II the_AT region_NN1 and_CC on_II the_AT Kampuchea_NP1 issue_NN1 has_VHZ added_VVN substance_NN1 to_II the_AT relationship_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Since_II 1975_MC ,_, the_AT {_NULL ASEAN_NN1 }_NULL /_FO New_NP Zealand_NP1 relationship_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN institutionalised_VVN in_II a_AT1 regular_JJ *"_" dialogue_NN1 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 takes_VVZ place_NN1 in_II two_MC main_JJ forums_NN2 :_: annual_JJ meetings_NN2 of_IO the_AT Foreign_JJ Ministers_NN2 of_IO {_NULL ASEAN_NP1 }_NULL and_CC its_APPGE Dialogue_NN1 partners_NN2 ;_; and_CC consultations_NN2 at_II officials_NN2 '_GE level_NN1 every_AT1 two_MC years_NNT2 or_CC so_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT most_RGT recent_JJ of_IO the_AT series_NN of_IO officials_NN2 '_GE consultations_NN2 was_VBDZ held_VVN in_II Brunei_NP1 in_II December_NPM1 ,_, 1985_MC ,_, while_CS the_AT Prime_JJ Minister_NN1 led_VVD the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 delegation_NN1 to_II the_AT {_NULL ASEAN_JJ }_NULL ministerial-level_JJ consultations_NN2 in_II Manila_NP1 in_II June_NPM1 1986_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL Participation_NN1 in_II the_AT Dialogue_NN1 meetings_NN2 reflects_VVZ New_NP Zealand_NP1 's_GE interest_NN1 in_II the_AT political_JJ and_CC economic_JJ stability_NN1 of_IO South_NP East_NP Asia_NP1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL This_DD1 country_NN1 also_RR has_VHZ an_AT1 interest_NN1 in_II encouraging_JJ {_NULL ASEAN_NN1 }_NULL to_TO strengthen_VVI its_APPGE relationships_NN2 both_RR with_IW other_JJ developed_JJ countries_NN2 and_CC with_IW the_AT smaller_JJR developing_JJ countries_NN2 of_IO the_AT Asian/_FO Pacific_NP1 region_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL New_NP Zealand_NP1 therefore_RR supported_VVD the_AT institution_NN1 in_II 1984_MC of_IO an_AT1 extra_JJ session_NNT1 at_II the_AT annual_JJ meeting_NN1 of_IO the_AT {_NULL ASEAN_JJ }_NULL Foreign_JJ Ministers_NN2 with_IW their_APPGE dialogue_NN1 partners_VVZ to_TO discuss_VVI developments_NN2 in_II the_AT Pacific_NP1 basin_NN1 ,_, including_II a_AT1 programme_NN1 of_IO {_NULL ASEAN_NP1 }_NULL -Pacific_NP1 co-operation_NN1 in_II the_AT field_NN1 of_IO human_JJ resources_NN2 development_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL One_MC1 of_IO the_AT principal_JJ attractions_NN2 of_IO this_DD1 programme_NN1 is_VBZ that_CST it_PPH1 will_VM offer_VVI real_JJ opportunities_NN2 for_IF the_AT Pacific_NP1 island_NN1 countries_NN2 to_TO tap_VVI into_II the_AT {_NULL ASEAN_JJ }_NULL development_NN1 experience_NN1 and_CC for_IF the_AT two_MC neighbouring_JJ groupings_NN2 ,_, {_NULL ASEAN_NP1 }_NULL and_CC the_AT South_NP Pacific_NP1 Forum_NN1 ,_, to_TO work_VVI more_RGR closely_RR together_RL ._. ^ *<_NULL *1_NULL Trade_NN1 Between_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 and_CC {_NULL ASEAN_NP1 }_NULL *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Total_JJ trade_NN1 between_II the_AT {_NULL ASEAN_JJ }_NULL region_NN1 and_CC New_NP Zealand_NP1 has_VHZ increased_VVN steadily_RR ,_, rising_VVG to_II *+_NULL $1,314_NNU million_NNO in_II 1985_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT two-way_JJ trade_NN1 is_VBZ dominated_VVN by_II dairy_NN1 products_NN2 from_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 and_CC oil_NN1 from_II the_AT {_NULL ASEAN_JJ }_NULL countries_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II recent_JJ years_NNT2 the_AT balance_NN1 has_VHZ consistently_RR been_VBN in_II {_NULL ASEAN_NN1 }_NULL '_" s_ZZ1 favour_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Imports_NP1 from_II {_NULL ASEAN_NP1 }_NULL accounted_VVD for_IF 6.7_MC percent_NNU of_IO New_NP **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL Zealand_NP1 's_GE total_JJ imports_NN2 in_II value_NN1 terms_NN2 in_II 1985_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL New_NP Zealand_NP1 's_GE exports_NN2 to_II {_NULL ASEAN_NP1 }_NULL as_II a_AT1 percentage_NN1 of_IO total_JJ exports_NN2 are_VBR continuing_VVG to_TO decline_VVI ,_, however_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL From_II nearly_RR 7_MC percent_NNU in_II 1980/_FO 81_MC they_PPHS2 now_RT represent_VV0 just_RR 4.5_MC percent_NNU ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT main_JJ reasons_NN2 for_IF this_DD1 decline_NN1 are_VBR the_AT contraction_NN1 of_IO the_AT Philippines_NP market_VV0 and_CC a_AT1 fall-off_JJ in_II dairy_NN1 exports_VVZ to_II Indonesia_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Following_VVG the_AT first_MD official_JJ New_JJ Zealand/_FO {_NULL ASEAN_JJ }_NULL Dialogue_NN1 meeting_VVG in_II 1975_MC ,_, a_AT1 Joint_JJ Trade_NN1 Study_NN1 Group_NNJ (_( {_NULL JTSG_NP }_NULL )_) was_VBDZ set_VVN up_RP under_II the_AT umbrella_NN1 of_IO the_AT dialogue_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT {_NULL JTSG_NP }_NULL normally_RR meets_VVZ every_AT1 two_MC years_NNT2 or_CC so_CS ,_, the_AT most_RGT recent_JJ meeting_NN1 being_VBG in_II Bandar_NP1 Seri_NP1 Begawan_NP1 in_II December_NPM1 1985_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT {_NULL JTSG_NP }_NULL has_VHZ been_VBN the_AT forum_NN1 for_IF the_AT discussion_NN1 of_IO access_NN1 questions_NN2 of_IO concern_NN1 to_II the_AT {_NULL ASEAN_JJ }_NULL countries_NN2 and_CC of_IO trade_NN1 promotion_NN1 assistance_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Discussions_NN2 are_VBR under_RR21 way_RR22 about_II the_AT possibility_NN1 of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 representatives_NN2 meeting_VVG the_AT {_NULL ASEAN_JJ }_NULL Committee_NNJ on_II Trade_NN1 and_CC Tourism_NN1 to_TO discuss_VVI a_AT1 wide_JJ range_NN1 of_IO multilateral_JJ issues_NN2 including_II the_AT new_JJ {_NULL GATT_NP1 }_NULL round_RP ,_, regional_JJ trade_NN1 initiatives_NN2 ,_, bilateral_JJ trade_NN1 issues_NN2 ,_, tourism_NN1 and_CC transport_NN1 questions_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT inaugural_JJ meeting_NN1 of_IO the_AT {_NULL ASEAN_JJ }_NULL -New_JJ Zealand_NP1 Business_NN1 Council_NNJ and_CC the_AT {_NULL ASEAN_JJ }_NULL Chambers_NN2 of_IO Commerce_NN1 and_CC Industry_NN1 was_VBDZ held_VVN in_II Jakarta_NP1 in_II July_NPM1 1986_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 marked_VVN the_AT beginning_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 regular_JJ private_JJ sector_NN1 dialogue_NN1 between_II {_NULL ASEAN_NP1 }_NULL and_CC New_NP Zealand_NP1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *1_NULL Development_NN1 Assistance_NN1 to_II the_AT Region_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT main_JJ {_NULL ASEAN_JJ }_NULL recipients_NN2 of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 development_NN1 assistance_NN1 on_II a_AT1 *1_NULL bilateral_JJ *0_NULL basis_NN1 are_VBR Indonesia_NP1 ,_, the_AT Philippines_NP and_CC Thailand_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT emphasis_NN1 of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 's_GE **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL activities_NN2 in_II these_DD2 three_MC countries_NN2 is_VBZ to_TO identify_VVI projects_NN2 which_DDQ encourage_VV0 technology_NN1 transfer_NN1 and_CC enhance_VV0 economic_JJ development_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Scholarships_NP1 ,_, education_NN1 and_CC training_NN1 are_VBR major_JJ elements_NN2 of_IO all_DB {_NULL ASEAN_JJ }_NULL country_NN1 programmes_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II31 addition_II32 to_II33 these_DD2 bilateral_JJ allocations_NN2 ,_, New_NP Zealand_NP1 operates_VVZ a_AT1 *1_NULL regional_JJ *0_NULL programme_NN1 for_IF {_NULL ASEAN_NN1 }_NULL of_IO about_II *+_NULL $1.1_NNU \_NULL m_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT largest_JJT project_NN1 under_II this_DD1 heading_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT {_NULL ASEAN_NN1 }_NULL /_FO New_NP Zealand_NP1 Afforestation_NN1 Project_NN1 (_( {_NULL ANZAP_NN1 }_NULL )_) in_II the_AT Philippines_NP ._. ^ ^_NULL Human_JJ Resource_NN1 Development_NN1 (_( {_NULL HRD_NP }_NULL )_) activities_NN2 are_VBR ,_, in_RR31 the_RR32 main_RR33 ,_, also_RR funded_VVD from_II the_AT regional_JJ programme_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Proposals_NN2 currently_RR under_II consideration_NN1 include_VV0 training_VVG attachments_NN2 and_CC exchange_NN1 visits_VVZ in_II the_AT field_NN1 of_IO social_JJ welfare_NN1 ,_, and_CC training_VVG in_II film_NN1 production_NN1 and_CC the_AT teaching_NN1 of_IO English_JJ as_II a_AT1 foreign_JJ language_NN1 (_( with_IW particular_JJ reference_NN1 to_II business_NN1 and_CC technology_NN1 needs_NN2 )_) ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 266+TEXT+H02_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL *0_NULL 152_MC ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL Government_NNJ has_VHZ rejected_VVN the_AT group_NN 's_GE request_NN1 for_IF an_AT1 allocation_NN1 of_IO deepwater_JJR fish_NN resources_NN2 ,_, claiming_VVG that_CST it_PPH1 does_VDZ not_XX want_VVI to_TO set_VVI a_AT1 precedent_NN1 which_DDQ would_VM result_VVI in_II having_VHG to_TO consider_VVI allocating_VVG resources_NN2 to_II other_JJ applicants_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL {_NULL MAF_NN1 }_NULL also_RR made_VVD it_PPH1 clear_VVI that_CST it_PPH1 intends_VVZ to_TO put_VVI out_RP to_TO tender_VVI any_DD deepwater_JJR fish_NN resources_NN2 which_DDQ might_VM become_VVI available_JJ to_II the_AT catching_JJ sector_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Gifting_VVG quotas_NN2 to_II a_AT1 Chatham_NP Islands_NNL2 group_NN would_VM set_VVI an_AT1 undesirable_JJ precedent_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Further_RRR ,_, the_AT Chathams_NP1 {_NULL M.P_NP ._. ^ }_NULL could_VM provide_VVI little_RR support_VV0 because_CS another_DD1 application_NN1 lodged_VVD by_II the_AT Chatham_NP Islands_NNL2 Packing_NN1 Company_NNJ (_( Salmond_NP1 Industries_NNJ2 )_) served_VVD as_II a_AT1 distraction_NN1 and_CC made_VVD choosing_VVG to_TO support_VVI one_PN1 or_CC other_JJ of_IO the_AT applications_NN2 difficult_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Yet_RR another_DD1 distraction_NN1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 late_JJ indication_NN1 on_II41 the_II42 part_II43 of_II44 the_AT Chatham_NP Islands_NNL2 County_NN1 Council_NNJ that_CST it_PPH1 wanted_VVD a_AT1 deepwater_JJR fish_NN quota_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 was_VBDZ subsequently_RR withdrawn_VVN ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL 153_MC ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL In_II a_AT1 visit_NN1 to_II the_AT Islands_NN2 in_II early_JJ December_NPM1 ,_, \_NULL Dr._NNB Habib_NP1 familiarised_VVD himself_PPX1 with_IW the_AT proposal_NN1 and_CC saw_VVD that_CST it_PPH1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 sound_JJ one_PN1 in_II most_DAT respects_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 suggested_VVD ways_NN2 in_II which_DDQ progress_VV0 could_VM be_VBI made_VVN including_II getting_VVG the_AT Packing_NN1 Company_NNJ to_TO provide_VVI the_AT community_NNJ with_IW the_AT details_NN2 of_IO its_APPGE proposal_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 step_NN1 already_RR taken_VVN by_II the_AT Chatham_NP Islands_NNL2 Resource_NN1 Developments_NN2 group_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT community_NNJ could_VM then_RT decide_VVI which_DDQ application_NN1 would_VM best_RRT suit_VVI its_APPGE needs_NN2 or_CC perhaps_RR decide_VV0 on_II combining_VVG the_AT two_MC proposals_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT result_NN1 would_VM be_VBI one_PN1 fully_RR supported_VVN Chatham_NP Islands_NNL2 proposal_NN1 which_DDQ would_VM be_VBI best_RRT submitted_VVN on_II Council_NNJ letterhead_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Chatham_NP Islands_NNL2 community_NNJ has_VHZ called_VVN on_II the_AT Packing_NN1 Company_NNJ to_TO state_VVI its_APPGE plans_NN2 and_CC a_AT1 meeting_NN1 was_VBDZ scheduled_VVN for_IF mid-December_NPM1 for_CS discussions_NN2 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL *<_NULL *2_NULL F._NP1 *3_NULL THE_AT FUTURE_NN1 AND_CC RECOMMENDATIONS_NN2 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL *0_NULL 154_MC ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL In_II the_AT event_NN1 that_CST a_AT1 single_JJ cohesive_JJ Chatham_NP Islands_NNL2 fisheries_NN2 development_NN1 proposal_NN1 is_VBZ drawn_VVN up_RP ,_, the_AT recommendation_NN1 would_VM be_VBI that_CST {_NULL MEDC_NP1 }_NULL support_VV0 that_DD1 proposal_NN1 in_II the_AT following_JJ ways_NN2 :_: __NULL |_NULL (_( a_ZZ1 )_) by_II providing_VVG expert_JJ advice_NN1 on_II the_AT contents_NN2 of_IO the_AT proposal_NN1 ,_, and_CC on_II possible_JJ rearrangements_NN2 ,_, additions_NN2 and_CC alterations_NN2 ;_; |_NULL (_( b_ZZ1 )_) by_II advising_VVG on_II the_AT timing_NN1 and_CC manner_NN1 in_II which_DDQ the_AT proposal_NN1 should_VM be_VBI put_VVN to_II the_AT various_JJ Government_NNJ Departments_NNJ2 ,_, {_NULL e.g._REX }_NULL ,_, {_NULL MAF_NN1 }_NULL ,_, Maori_JJ Affairs_NN2 ,_, Internal_JJ Affairs_NN2 ,_, Trade_NN1 and_CC Industry_NN1 and_CC {_NULL M.P_NP }_NULL '_" s_ZZ1 (_( {_NULL i.e._REX }_NULL \_NULL Mrs._NNB Hercus_NP1 ,_, \_NULL Mr._NNB Lange_NP1 ,_, \_NULL Mr._NNB Wetere_NP1 ,_, \_NULL Mr._NNB Tapsell_NP1 ,_, \_NULL Mr._NNB Moore_NP1 and_CC \_NULL Mr._NNB Moyle_NP1 )_) ;_; |_NULL (_( c_ZZ1 )_) by_II providing_VVG expert_JJ assistance_NN1 during_II submission_NN1 of_IO the_AT proposal_NN1 ;_; |_NULL (_( d_ZZ1 )_) by_II lending_VVG particular_JJ support_NN1 to_II the_AT proposal_NN1 on_II the_AT grounds_NN2 that_CST it_PPH1 would_VM affect_VVI a_AT1 large_JJ Maori_JJ community_NNJ in_II a_AT1 most_RGT positive_JJ way_NN1 by_II assisting_VVG it_PPH1 into_II a_AT1 major_JJ sector_NN1 of_IO the_AT fishing_NN1 industry_NN1 ,_, enhance_VV0 present_JJ fishing_NN1 activities_NN2 ,_, and_CC ,_, in_II fact_NN1 ,_, be_VBI a_AT1 boon_NN1 to_II the_AT whole_JJ Chatham_NP Islands_NNL2 community_NNJ ,_, Maori_NP1 and_CC non-Maori_JJ ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL 155_MC ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL If_CS a_AT1 deepwater_JJR quota_NN1 is_VBZ granted_VVN ,_, a_AT1 further_JJR recommendation_NN1 would_VM be_VBI that_CST {_NULL MEDC_NP1 }_NULL support_VV0 the_AT resulting_JJ development_NN1 project_NN1 by_II :_: __NULL |_NULL (_( a_ZZ1 )_) Defining_VVG and_CC assisting_VVG with_IW the_AT feasibility_NN1 studies_NN2 required_VVD covering_VVG the_AT fields_NN2 of_IO fish_NN resources_NN2 ,_, catching_VVG and_CC fisheries_NN2 management_NN ,_, fish_NN processing_NN1 and_CC marketing_NN1 ,_, economic_JJ analyses_NN2 ,_, infrastructure_NN1 and_CC manpower_NN1 requirements_NN2 ,_, integration_NN1 of_IO the_AT project_NN1 into_II the_AT Chatham_NP Islands_NNL2 economy_NN1 ,_, and_CC all_DB interplays_NN2 with_IW the_AT mainland_NN1 economy_NN1 ;_; |_NULL (_( b_ZZ1 )_) Assisting_VVG with_IW subsequent_JJ company_NN1 management_NN and_CC other_JJ expert_NN1 manpower_NN1 requirements_NN2 ;_; |_NULL (_( c_ZZ1 )_) Assisting_VVG with_IW location_NN1 of_IO funds_NN2 to_TO support_VVI the_AT feasibility_NN1 studies_NN2 and_CC with_IW the_AT subsequent_JJ loan/_FO grant_NN1 requirements_NN2 necessary_JJ to_TO implement_VVI the_AT project_NN1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL *<_NULL *2_NULL G._NP1 *3_NULL CONCLUSIONS_NN2 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL *0_NULL 156_MC ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL This_DD1 project_NN1 ,_, if_CS implemented_VVN ,_, would_VM pay_VVI handsome_JJ dividends_NN2 for_IF a_AT1 sizeable_JJ Maori_JJ community_NNJ which_DDQ is_VBZ largely_RR dependent_JJ on_II fishing_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT scale_NN1 of_IO operation_NN1 possible_JJ with_IW a_AT1 totally_RR integrated_JJ fisheries_NN2 development_NN1 would_VM be_VBI far_RG greater_JJR than_CSN exists_VVZ at_RR21 present_RR22 and_CC would_VM affect_VVI the_AT entire_JJ Chatham_NP Islands_NNL2 community_NNJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Although_CS the_AT definitive_JJ studies_NN2 have_VH0 yet_RR to_TO be_VBI done_VDN ,_, there_EX is_VBZ little_DA1 doubt_NN1 that_CST the_AT venture_NN1 would_VM prosper_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL With_IW close_JJ access_NN1 to_II grounds_NN2 harbouring_VVG the_AT largest_JJT prime_JJ orange_JJ roughy_NN1 and_CC lobster_NN1 concentrations_NN2 in_II the_AT country_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 Chathams_NP1 venture_NN1 would_VM have_VHI every_AT1 chance_NN1 of_IO achieving_VVG an_AT1 acceptable_JJ financial_JJ return_NN1 despite_II distance_NN1 from_II markets_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Inexperience_NP1 could_VM be_VBI overcome_VVN by_II employment_NN1 of_IO suitable_JJ imported_JJ expertise_NN1 on_II time_NNT1 contracts_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 development_NN1 on_II this_DD1 scale_NN1 would_VM be_VBI sufficient_JJ to_TO provide_VVI employment_NN1 for_IF much_DA1 of_IO the_AT Islands_NN2 '_GE population_NN1 and_CC attract_VV0 home_RL others_NN2 who_PNQS had_VHD left_VVN for_IF lack_NN1 of_IO such_DA an_AT1 opportunity_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Maori_JJ component_NN1 in_II all_DB of_IO this_DD1 would_VM be_VBI at_RR21 least_RR22 50_MC percent_NNU of_IO the_AT Chathams_NP1 population_NN1 ,_, perhaps_RR more_RRR after_CS in_II migration_NN1 and_CC family_NN returns_VVZ from_II the_AT mainland_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Jobs_NN2 would_VM be_VBI available_JJ in_II all_DB sectors_NN2 of_IO the_AT fishing_NN1 project_NN1 depending_II21 on_II22 skills_NN2 ,_, aptitude_NN1 and_CC aspirations_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_RR21 addition_RR22 ,_, the_AT project_NN1 would_VM very_RG likely_RR be_VBI formulated_VVN on_II the_AT basis_NN1 of_IO widespread_JJ community_NNJ ownership_NN1 in_II a_ZZ1 fisheries_NN2 cooperative_JJ type_NN1 of_IO company_NN1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL 157_MC ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ one_MC1 of_IO the_AT major_JJ projects_NN2 identified_VVD in_II this_DD1 study_NN1 and_CC deserves_VVZ every_AT1 support_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Although_CS it_PPH1 could_VM be_VBI described_VVN as_II a_AT1 community_NNJ development_NN1 project_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 would_VM in_II fact_NN1 impinge_NN1 on_II the_AT lives_NN2 of_IO the_AT whole_JJ Maori_JJ community_NNJ on_II the_AT Chathams_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Islands_NN2 deserve_VV0 access_NN1 to_II the_AT prime_JJ fisheries_NN2 resources_NN2 which_DDQ exist_VV0 close_RR to_II their_APPGE shores_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Any_DD support_NN1 which_DDQ the_AT {_NULL MEDC_NN1 }_NULL can_VM lend_VVI would_VM be_VBI most_RGT appreciated_JJ ,_, and_CC ,_, since_CS there_EX is_VBZ such_DA a_AT1 large_JJ Maori_JJ component_NN1 ,_, the_AT {_NULL MEDC_NN1 }_NULL could_VM well_RR sway_VVI {_NULL MAF_NN1 }_NULL towards_II granting_VVG the_AT Chathams_NP1 a_AT1 deepwater_JJR fish_NN quota_NN1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL *<_NULL *=_NULL VI_MC ._. ^ *3_NULL EAST_NP1 COAST_NP1 SOUTH_NP1 ISLAND_NN1 FISHERIES_NN2 MANAGEMENT_NN AREA_NN1 *>_NULL ^ *<_NULL *2_NULL A._NP1 *3_NULL GENERAL_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL *0_NULL 158_MC ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL Fishing_NN1 vessel_NN1 and_CC shore_NN1 fishing_NN1 permits_NN2 held_VVN or_CC previously_RR held_VVN in_II this_DD1 management_NN area_NN1 by_II people_NN of_IO Maori_JJ descent_NN1 are_VBR listed_VVN in_II Appendices_NN2 12_MC and_CC 13_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT numbers_NN2 are_VBR relatively_RR small_JJ ,_, reflecting_VVG ,_, as_RG much_DA1 as_CSA anything_PN1 ,_, the_AT low_JJ numbers_NN2 of_IO Maoris_NP2 living_VVG in_II the_AT area_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Most_DAT of_IO the_AT vessels_NN2 are_VBR small_JJ ,_, concentrating_VVG on_II set_NN1 netting_NN1 ,_, potting_VVG and_CC lining_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL These_DD2 would_VM appear_VVI to_TO be_VBI activities_NN2 most_RRT suited_VVN to_II Maori_JJ people_NN with_IW the_AT more_RGR industrial_JJ activities_NN2 like_II trawling_VVG being_VBG conducted_VVN by_II others_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL One_MC1 factor_NN1 which_DDQ might_VM be_VBI limiting_VVG Maoris_NP2 to_II small_JJ vessel_NN1 operations_NN2 is_VBZ that_CST less_DAR finance_NN1 is_VBZ required_VVN in_II that_DD1 area_NN1 compared_VVN with_IW trawling_VVG ._. ^ ^_NULL If_CS this_DD1 is_VBZ the_AT case_NN1 ,_, then_RT trawling_VVG will_VM remain_VVI the_AT preserve_NN1 of_IO the_AT Pakeha_NP1 since_CS that_DD1 method_NN1 is_VBZ today_RT very_RG expensive_JJ to_TO apply_VVI ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL 159_MC ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL Shore_NP1 fishing_NN1 permits_NN2 are_VBR few_DA2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Most_RRT involve_VV0 handgathering_VVG or_CC diving_VVG for_IF species_NN such_II21 as_II22 kina_NN1 ,_, paua_NN1 and_CC seaweed_NN1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL 160_MC ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL Little_JJ time_NNT1 was_VBDZ spent_VVN in_II this_DD1 very_RG large_JJ area_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Therefore_RR ,_, it_PPH1 was_VBDZ not_XX possible_JJ to_TO assess_VVI the_AT wellbeing_NN1 of_IO the_AT Maori_JJ fisherman_NN1 or_CC determine_VV0 areas_NN2 where_RRQ he_PPHS1 could_VM benefit_VVI from_II financial_JJ or_CC any_DD other_JJ type_NN1 of_IO assistance_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 would_VM need_VVI to_TO be_VBI an_AT1 exercise_NN1 for_IF the_AT future_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Particular_JJ communities_NNJ2 should_VM be_VBI visited_VVN including_II Kaikoura_NP1 ,_, Moeraki_NP1 ,_, Lake_NNL1 Forsyth_NP and_CC Papanui_NP1 and_CC Waitati_NP1 Inlets_NN2 in_II Otago_NP1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL 161_MC ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL Karengo_NP1 harvesting_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 controversial_JJ issue_NN1 at_II Kaikoura_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT local_JJ Maori_JJ community_NNJ has_VHZ serious_JJ objections_NN2 to_II the_AT practice_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL {_NULL MAF_NN1 }_NULL conducted_VVD surveys_NN2 in_II the_AT area_NN1 of_IO commercial_JJ harvesting_NN1 in_II 1980_MC and_CC estimated_VVD a_AT1 Karengo_NP1 standing_NN1 stock_NN1 of_IO about_RG 11_MC tonnes_NNU2 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 similar_JJ survey_NN1 in_II 1984_MC showed_VVD a_AT1 resource_NN1 size_NN1 some_RR 50-100_MCMC times_NNT2 the_AT 1980_MC level_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT differences_NN2 in_II the_AT quantity_NN1 of_IO Karengo_NP1 between_II the_AT two_MC years_NNT2 was_VBDZ attributed_VVN to_II natural_JJ fluctuations_NN2 resulting_VVG from_II good_JJ and_CC bad_JJ weather_NN1 and_CC sea_NN1 conditions_NN2 at_II critical_JJ times_NNT2 in_II the_AT plant_NN1 's_VBZ life_NN1 cycle_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Five_MC Karengo_NP1 harvesting_VVG permits_NN2 were_VBDR held_VVN in_II 1984_MC ,_, all_DB apparently_RR by_II Pakehas_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Their_APPGE permits_NN2 were_VBDR being_VBG reviewed_VVN for_IF 1985_MC ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL 162_MC ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL There_EX has_VHZ been_VBN considerable_JJ interest_NN1 in_II the_AT past_NN1 in_II harvesting_VVG the_AT kelp_NN1 weeds_VVZ *1_NULL \_NULL Durvillaea_NP1 *0_NULL and_CC *1_NULL \_NULL Macrocystis_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL Some_DD 10,000_MC \_NULL t_ZZ1 of_IO Durvillaea_NP1 was_VBDZ harvested_VVN from_II the_AT Kaikoura_NP1 coast_NN1 at_II one_MC1 stage_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT major_JJ commercial_JJ interest_NN1 in_II these_DD2 seaweeds_NN2 is_VBZ as_CSA sources_NN2 of_IO algin_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Algin_NP1 products_NN2 are_VBR used_VVN in_II a_AT1 wide_JJ range_NN1 of_IO manufactured_JJ goods_NN2 *-_- as_CSA binders_VVZ ,_, stabilisers_NN2 ,_, emulsifiers_NN2 ,_, and_CC moulding_VVG materials_NN2 ,_, in_II the_AT pharmaceutical_JJ industry_NN1 ,_, in_II dental_JJ and_CC food_NN1 technology_NN1 ,_, in_II the_AT processing_NN1 of_IO meat_NN1 and_CC fish_NN ,_, and_CC in_II a_AT1 wide_JJ range_NN1 of_IO industrial_JJ products_NN2 including_II dyes_NN2 ,_, paints_NN2 and_CC textiles_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ a_AT1 development_NN1 opportunity_NN1 in_II kelp_NN1 harvesting_VVG although_CS limited_VVN in_II {_NULL MAF_NN1 }_NULL '_" s_ZZ1 view_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ worth_II considering_VVG and_CC should_VM perhaps_RR be_VBI discussed_VVN with_IW certain_JJ of_IO the_AT southern_JJ Maori_JJ coastal_JJ communities_NNJ2 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL 163_MC ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL There_EX has_VHZ been_VBN recent_JJ commercial_JJ interest_NN1 in_II harvesting_VVG the_AT cockle_NN1 beds_NN2 in_II Waitati_NP1 and_CC Papanui_NP1 Inlets_NN2 on_II Otago_NP Peninsula_NNL1 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 1984_MC {_NULL MAF_NN1 }_NULL survey_NN1 showed_VVD Papanui_NP1 Inlet_NN1 carries_VVZ a_AT1 cockle_NN1 population_NN1 of_IO around_RG 6,000_MC \_NULL t_ZZ1 ,_, and_CC Waitati_NP1 Inlet_NN1 about_RG 12,000_MC \_NULL t_ZZ1 ._. ^ ^_NULL During_II that_DD1 year_NNT1 ,_, two_MC permit_NN1 holders_NN2 had_VHD permission_NN1 to_TO harvest_VVI 52_MC \_NULL t_ZZ1 of_IO cockles_NN2 each_DD1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Concern_NN1 was_VBDZ expressed_VVN by_II the_AT local_JJ Maori_JJ people_NN and_CC others_NN2 over_II the_AT commercialisation_NN1 of_IO the_AT cockle_NN1 beds_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL {_NULL MAF_NN1 }_NULL considered_VVD the_AT objections_NN2 and_CC carried_VVD out_RP some_DD studies_NN2 ,_, both_RR in_II Otago_NP1 and_CC on_II the_AT exploited_JJ beds_NN2 in_II Northland_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 found_VVD that_CST if_CS havesting_NN1 does_VDZ not_XX remove_VVI all_DB cockles_NN2 from_II an_AT1 area_NN1 and_CC if_CS harvesting_VVG is_VBZ excluded_VVN from_II high_JJ tidal_JJ areas_NN2 during_II periods_NN2 of_IO larval_JJ settlement_NN1 ,_, the_AT removal_NN1 of_IO commercial_JJ size_NN1 cockles_VVZ results_NN2 in_II increased_JJ growth_NN1 rates_NN2 in_II the_AT remaining_JJ individuals_NN2 and_CC also_RR in_II lower_JJR cockle_NN1 mortality_NN1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL 164_MC ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL Therefore_RR ,_, as_CSA in_II many_DA2 other_JJ situations_NN2 ,_, the_AT answer_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX to_TO leave_VVI the_AT beds_NN2 alone_JJ completely_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ ,_, on_II the_AT Otago_NP1 beds_NN2 ,_, room_NN1 for_IF some_DD commercial_JJ exploitation_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL {_NULL MAF_NN1 }_NULL '_" s_ZZ1 job_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO manage_VVI the_AT beds_NN2 ,_, taking_VVG into_II account_NN1 the_AT traditional_JJ Maori_JJ community_NNJ requirements_NN2 ,_, recreational_JJ needs_NN2 ,_, and_CC of_RR21 course_RR22 the_AT biological_JJ factors_NN2 which_DDQ determine_VV0 a_AT1 sustainable_JJ level_NN1 of_IO harvest_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Rather_II21 than_II22 the_AT Maori_JJ community_NNJ simply_RR objecting_VVG to_II any_DD harvesting_NN1 ,_, there_EX would_VM appear_VVI to_TO be_VBI an_AT1 opportunity_NN1 for_IF them_PPHO2 to_TO use_VVI the_AT beds_NN2 for_IF all_DB purposes_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL {_NULL MAF_NN1 }_NULL would_VM likely_RR be_VBI supportive_JJ of_IO any_DD such_DA initiative_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ an_AT1 issue_NN1 which_DDQ should_VM be_VBI discussed_VVN in_II any_DD subsequent_JJ visit_NN1 to_II the_AT south_ND1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL *<_NULL *=_NULL VII_MC ._. ^ *3_NULL CHALLENGER_NN1 FISHERIES_NN2 MANAGEMENT_NN AREA_NN1 *>_NULL ^ *<_NULL *2_NULL A._NP1 *3_NULL GENERAL_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL *0_NULL 165_MC ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Challenger_NN1 area_NN1 was_VBDZ another_DD1 in_II which_DDQ little_DA1 time_NNT1 could_VM be_VBI spent_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ also_RR an_AT1 area_NN1 where_RRQ Maori_JJ vessel_NN1 owners_NN2 are_VBR poorly_RR represented_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT area_NN1 is_VBZ dominated_VVN by_II the_AT large_JJ Nelson_NP1 fishing_NN1 companies_NN2 which_DDQ simply_RR employ_VV0 crews_NN2 to_TO run_VVI their_APPGE vessels_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ very_RG much_DA1 like_II Auckland_NP1 and_CC Whangarei_NP1 where_RRQ many_DA2 company_NN1 boats_NN2 are_VBR based_VVN ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL 166_MC ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Maori_JJ people_NN holding_NN1 fishing_NN1 vessel_NN1 permits_NN2 are_VBR listed_VVN in_II Appendix_NN1 14_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL As_CSA in_II other_JJ areas_NN2 most_RRT permit_VV0 holders_NN2 operate_VV0 small_JJ vessels_NN2 and_CC work_NN1 less_RGR complex_JJ gear_NN1 like_II lines_NN2 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL 167_MC ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL Undoubtedly_NP1 ,_, the_AT area_NN1 also_RR has_VHZ Maoris_NP2 who_PNQS hold_VV0 shore_NN1 fishing_NN1 permits_VVZ although_CS none_PN was_VBDZ identified_VVN during_II this_DD1 study_NN1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL 168_MC ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL A_AT1 major_JJ shore_NN1 fishing_NN1 activity_NN1 in_II the_AT area_NN1 is_VBZ mussel_NN1 farming_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Farming_NN1 began_VVD in_II the_AT Marlborough_NP1 Sounds_VVZ in_II 1970_MC with_IW the_AT siting_NN1 of_IO three_MC rafts_NN2 in_II Kenepuru_NP Sound_NNL1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT first_MD seven_MC years_NNT2 of_IO development_NN1 ,_, almost_RR as_RG much_DA1 money_NN1 and_CC effort_NN1 was_VBDZ expended_VVN by_II mussel_NN1 farmers_NN2 in_II establishing_VVG a_AT1 legitimate_JJ claim_NN1 for_IF their_APPGE industry_NN1 to_TO use_VVI some_DD of_IO the_AT waters_NN2 of_IO the_AT Marlborough_NP1 Sounds_VVZ as_CSA was_VBDZ spent_VVN on_II developing_VVG efficient_JJ mussel_NN1 farming_NN1 techniques_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Since_II 1977_MC the_AT industry_NN1 has_VHZ seen_VVN rapid_JJ expansion_NN1 in_II production_NN1 which_DDQ resulted_VVD from_II the_AT introduction_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 longline_NN1 culture_NN1 system_NN1 ,_, the_AT fast_JJ growth_NN1 rate_NN1 of_IO the_AT green-lipped_JJ mussel_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT major_JJ efforts_NN2 of_IO individuals_NN2 and_CC groups_NN2 within_II the_AT industry_NN1 to_TO establish_VVI export_NN1 markets_VVZ for_IF mussels_NN2 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL 169_MC ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL Whether_CSW there_EX is_VBZ still_JJ room_NN1 in_II the_AT Marlborough_NP1 Sounds_NN2 or_CC in_II other_JJ embayments_NN2 for_IF Maori_JJ participation_NN1 in_II marine_JJ farming_NN1 should_VM be_VBI investigated_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL At_RR21 present_RR22 ,_, such_DA involvement_NN1 is_VBZ minimal_JJ (_( see_VV0 Appendix_NN1 6_MC )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ yet_RR another_DD1 area_NN1 of_IO opportunity_NN1 which_DDQ has_VHZ passed_VVN the_AT Maori_JJ community_NNJ by_II ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL 170_MC ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Salmon_NP1 is_VBZ another_DD1 fish_NN species_NN with_IW a_AT1 fine_JJ financial_JJ future_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ 8_MC years_NNT2 since_CS the_AT initial_JJ work_NN1 on_II Salmon_NP1 farming_NN1 began_VVD in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II that_DD1 time_NNT1 the_AT industry_NN1 has_VHZ shown_VVN it_PPH1 can_VM produce_VVI and_CC sell_VVI in_II both_DB2 domestic_JJ and_CC export_NN1 markets_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 now_RT strives_VVZ to_TO do_VDI this_DD1 at_II a_AT1 profit_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II this_DD1 area_NN1 ,_, Salmon_NP1 farms_NN2 exist_VV0 in_II Takaka_NP1 and_CC Hokitika_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 small_JJ operation_NN1 on_II Pupu_NP Springs_NNL2 describes_VVZ attractive_JJ returns_NN2 on_II investment_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Certainly_RR ,_, if_CS Maori_JJ people_NN are_VBR looking_VVG at_II the_AT fishing_NN1 industry_NN1 ,_, Salmon_NP1 farming_NN1 is_VBZ worth_II considerable_JJ thought_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Maori_JJ groups_NN2 often_RR have_VH0 all_DB the_AT interest_NN1 in_II the_AT world_NN1 but_CCB lack_VV0 the_AT application_NN1 to_TO follow_VVI through_RP in_II time_NNT1 to_TO catch_VVI the_AT new_JJ developments_NN2 during_II the_AT boom_NN1 phases_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Mussel_NP1 farming_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 prime_JJ example_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 and_CC Salmon_NP1 farming_NN1 is_VBZ likely_JJ to_TO be_VBI another_DD1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Organisations_NNJ like_II {_NULL MEDC_NP1 }_NULL could_VM well_RR play_VVI a_AT1 facilitative_JJ role_NN1 ,_, bringing_VVG Maori_JJ people_NN alongside_II the_AT development_NN1 opportunities_NN2 and_CC assisting_VVG with_IW subsequent_JJ developments_NN2 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL 171_MC ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL A_AT1 further_JJR opportunity_NN1 which_DDQ is_VBZ being_VBG tested_VVN in_II this_DD1 area_NN1 is_VBZ scallop_NN1 raising_VVG ._. ^ ^_NULL {_NULL MAF_NN1 }_NULL has_VHZ carried_VVN out_RP a_AT1 major_JJ programme_NN1 of_IO re-seeding_VVG the_AT Nelson_NP Bay_NNL1 scallop_NN1 beds_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Results_NN2 have_VH0 yet_RR to_TO come_VVI to_II hand_NN1 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 267+TEXT+H03_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Second_MD ,_, it_PPH1 includes_VVZ cost_NN1 and_CC price_NN1 influences_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Third_MD ,_, it_PPH1 provides_VVZ some_DD sectoral_JJ information_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Fourth_MD ,_, it_PPH1 models_VVZ the_AT economy_NN1 through_II a_AT1 manageable_JJ set_NN1 of_IO parameters_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT weaknesses_NN2 of_IO {_NULL LENZ_NP1 }_NULL are_VBR to_II some_DD extent_NN1 the_AT mirror_NN1 image_NN1 of_IO its_APPGE virtues_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Its_APPGE limitations_NN2 are_VBR that_CST it_PPH1 produces_VVZ highly_RR aggregated_JJ results_NN2 ;_; it_PPH1 does_VDZ not_XX generate_VVI physical_JJ energy_NN1 information_NN1 ;_; and_CC it_PPH1 gives_VVZ equilibrium_NN1 results_VVZ even_CS21 though_CS22 the_AT world_NN1 is_VBZ never_RR in_II equilibrium_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT second_MD model_NN1 was_VBDZ an_AT1 interactive_JJ *"_" spread-sheet_JJ **"_" model_NN1 called_VVN {_NULL INNOFLEX_NN1 }_NULL ,_, Boshier_NP1 {_NULL et_RA21 al_RA22 ._. ^ }_NULL [_( 15_MC ]_) ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 gives_VVZ a_AT1 more_RGR refined_JJ description_NN1 of_IO economic_JJ activity_NN1 and_CC detailed_JJ energy_NN1 data_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 generates_VVZ an_AT1 economic_JJ input-output_NN1 table_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 physical_JJ energy_NN1 balance_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL {_NULL INNOFLEX_NN1 }_NULL is_VBZ based_VVN on_II the_AT inter-industry_JJ transactions_NN2 of_IO 1981_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL Inputs_NN2 include_VV0 a_AT1 range_NN1 of_IO economic_JJ variables_NN2 provided_VVN by_II {_NULL LENZ_NP1 }_NULL ,_, and_CC information_NN1 on_II technology_NN1 change_NN1 ,_, prices_NN2 ,_, trade_NN1 ,_, and_CC consumption_NN1 patterns_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL {_NULL INNOFLEX_NN1 }_NULL models_VVZ the_AT economy_NN1 in_II 23_MC sectors_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL These_DD2 cover_VV0 agriculture_NN1 ,_, forestry_NN1 ,_, food_NN1 manufacturing_VVG ,_, wood_NN1 processing_NN1 ,_, basic_JJ metals_NN2 ,_, transport_NN1 ,_, and_CC each_DD1 of_IO the_AT energy_NN1 industries_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Unlike_JJ conventional_JJ input-output_NN1 tables_NN2 ,_, energy_NN1 is_VBZ modelled_VVN in_II31 terms_II32 of_II33 the_AT use_NN1 to_II which_DDQ the_AT fuel_NN1 is_VBZ put_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL Coal_NN1 ,_, for_REX21 instance_REX22 ,_, is_VBZ not_XX *"_" sold_VVN **"_" direct_JJ from_II the_AT producer_NN1 to_II the_AT consumer_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Instead_RR ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ *"_" sold_VVN **"_" for_IF electricity_NN1 generation_NN1 or_CC to_II a_AT1 *"_" dummy_JJ energy_NN1 services_NN2 **"_" which_DDQ represents_VVZ its_APPGE end_NN1 use_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT end_NN1 uses_NN2 specified_VVN in_II {_NULL INNOFLEX_NN1 }_NULL are_VBR :_: feedstocks_NN2 ,_, motive_NN1 power_NN1 ,_, high_JJ temperature_NN1 heat_NN1 ,_, low_JJ temperature_NN1 heat_NN1 ,_, and_CC general_JJ electrical_JJ uses_NN2 (_( lights_NN2 and_CC motors_NN2 )_) ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL {_NULL INNOFLEX_NN1 }_NULL has_VHZ five_MC major_JJ strengths_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL First_MD ,_, it_PPH1 splits_VVZ up_RP the_AT economy_NN1 into_II clearly_RR identified_JJ industries_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Second_MD ,_, it_PPH1 handles_VVZ each_DD1 fuel_NN1 separately_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL Third_MD ,_, its_APPGE *"_" dummy_JJ energy_NN1 services_NN2 **"_" aid_VV0 the_AT modelling_NN1 of_IO interfuel_NN1 substitution_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Fourth_MD ,_, it_PPH1 models_VVZ energy_NN1 flows_VVZ in_II Joules_NN2 ,_, and_CC meshes_VVZ these_DD2 into_II the_AT economic_JJ model_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Fifth_MD ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ extremely_RR flexible_JJ ,_, the_AT operator_NN1 being_VBG able_JK to_TO define_VVI every_AT1 number_NN1 within_II specified_JJ constraints_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT main_JJ weaknesses_NN2 of_IO {_NULL INNOFLEX_NN1 }_NULL arise_VV0 from_II its_APPGE complexity_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 means_VVZ that_CST it_PPH1 is_VBZ very_JJ time_NNT1 consuming_VVG to_TO run_VVI ,_, which_DDQ limits_VVZ interaction_NN1 with_IW the_AT research_NN1 team_NN and_CC leaves_VVZ many_DA2 choices_NN2 to_II the_AT operator_NN1 's_VBZ judgement_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 also_RR requires_VVZ a_AT1 large_JJ number_NN1 of_IO (_( sometimes_RT *"_" snap_JJ **"_" )_) decisions_NN2 reconciling_VVG conflicts_NN2 in_II input_NN1 values_NN2 which_DDQ only_RR become_VV0 apparent_JJ during_II the_AT run_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *5_NULL Procedure_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT first_MD step_NN1 in_II developing_VVG the_AT account_NN1 of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 's_GE development_NN1 path_NN1 in_II each_DD1 of_IO the_AT four_MC world_NN1 futures_NN2 was_VBDZ to_TO specify_VVI change_NN1 in_II31 terms_II32 of_II33 the_AT six_MC principal_JJ dimensions_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT prescriptions_NN2 for_IF each_DD1 scenario_NN1 were_VBDR chosen_VVN to_TO cover_VVI a_AT1 range_NN1 of_IO combinations_NN2 of_IO these_DD2 six_MC dimensions_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Clearly_RR there_EX are_VBR many_DA2 such_DA combinations_NN2 open_VV0 to_II analysis_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Judgements_NN2 were_VBDR made_VVN on_II the_AT feasibility_NN1 of_IO possible_JJ combinations_NN2 ,_, their_APPGE consistency_NN1 with_IW the_AT world_NN1 theme_NN1 ,_, and_CC their_APPGE value_NN1 in_II31 terms_II32 of_II33 the_AT energy-related_JJ objectives_NN2 of_IO the_AT research_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Significant_JJ changes_NN2 on_II these_DD2 dimensions_NN2 were_VBDR also_RR specified_VVN within_II scenarios_NN2 to_TO reflect_VVI social_JJ and_CC economic_JJ development_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT starting_NN1 point_NN1 was_VBDZ the_AT situation_NN1 in_II 1981_MC ,_, with_IW changes_NN2 relative_II21 to_II22 1981_MC specified_JJ for_IF the_AT whole_JJ scenario_NN1 period_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Scenario_NP1 *=_NULL I_ZZ1 ,_, for_REX21 instance_REX22 ,_, begins_VVZ with_IW open_JJ trade_NN1 ,_, is_VBZ then_RT autarkic_JJ for_IF two_MC decades_NNT2 ,_, and_CC then_RT gradually_RR opens_VVZ up_RP again_RT the_AT latter_DA stages_NN2 of_IO the_AT scenario_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Once_CS this_DD1 framework_NN1 was_VBDZ sketched_VVN ,_, scenario_NN1 development_NN1 began_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT process_NN1 is_VBZ illustrated_VVN in_II Figure_NN1 3.1_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL To_TO start_VVI with_IW ,_, an_AT1 initial_JJ narrative_NN1 was_VBDZ prepared_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 took_VVD the_AT form_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 brief_JJ history_NN1 as_CS21 if_CS22 written_VVN by_II someone_PN1 looking_VVG back_RP from_II 2031_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 described_VVD in_II detail_NN1 changes_NN2 in_II society_NN ,_, politics_NN ,_, the_AT economy_NN1 ,_, resources_NN2 ,_, and_CC the_AT environment_NN1 on_II the_AT world_NN1 scene_NN1 and_CC in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 cited_VVD events_NN2 ,_, places_NN2 ,_, products_NN2 ,_, and_CC occasionally_RR personalities_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL These_DD2 were_VBDR largely_RR based_VVN on_II events_NN2 and_CC observed_JJ trends_NN2 in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 and_CC overseas_RL ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT main_JJ input_NN1 values_NN2 for_IF {_NULL LENZ_NN1 }_NULL for_IF the_AT full_JJ scenario_NN1 period_NN1 were_VBDR then_RT prepared_VVN by_II team_NN members_NN2 working_VVG as_II a_AT1 group_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL After_CS the_AT model_NN1 runs_VVZ the_AT output_NN1 was_VBDZ evaluated_VVN by_II the_AT team_NN to_TO assess_VVI the_AT degree_NN1 to_II which_DDQ it_PPH1 faithfully_RR reflected_VVD the_AT scenario_NN1 prescription_NN1 and_CC the_AT narrative_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL New_JJ runs_NN2 were_VBDR undertaken_VVN when_RRQ inconsistencies_NN2 were_VBDR found_VVN and_CC the_AT narrative_NN1 was_VBDZ developed_VVN to_TO incorporate_VVI the_AT information_NN1 generated_VVD by_II both_DB2 {_NULL LENZ_VV0 }_NULL and_CC the_AT team_NN members_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT final_JJ {_NULL LENZ_NN1 }_NULL outputs_NN2 provided_CS some_DD of_IO the_AT data_NN which_DDQ were_VBDR used_VVN by_II the_AT team_NN in_II preparing_VVG inputs_NN2 for_IF the_AT {_NULL INNOFLEX_NN1 }_NULL model_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT narrative_NN1 was_VBDZ further_RRR developed_VVN at_II this_DD1 stage_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL When_CS the_AT {_NULL INNOFLEX_NN1 }_NULL runs_NN2 were_VBDR complete_JJ ,_, a_AT1 second_NNT1 round_RP of_IO reconciliations_NN2 was_VBDZ made_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 time_NNT1 it_PPH1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 three-way_JJ check_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 comparison_NN1 of_IO the_AT {_NULL LENZ_NN1 }_NULL and_CC {_NULL INNOFLEX_NN1 }_NULL outputs_NN2 ,_, and_CC the_AT expanded_JJ narrative_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Model_NN1 reruns_NN2 were_VBDR made_VVN where_RRQ necessary_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 final_JJ check_NN1 of_IO the_AT {_NULL INNOFLEX_NN1 }_NULL output_NN1 graphs_NN2 with_IW the_AT narrative_NN1 was_VBDZ made_VVN and_CC inconsistencies_NN2 eliminated_VVD before_II the_AT scenario_NN1 was_VBDZ finalised_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT completed_JJ scenario_NN1 presents_VVZ an_AT1 account_NN1 of_IO social_JJ and_CC economic_JJ development_NN1 which_DDQ weaves_VVZ together_RL :_: persistent_JJ trends_NN2 on_II the_AT world_NN1 scale_NN1 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 the_AT momentum_NN1 of_IO population_NN1 growth_NN1 ;_; interactions_NN2 between_II events_NN2 and_CC attitudes_NN2 ;_; evolving_VVG economic_JJ structure_NN1 ;_; evolving_VVG social_JJ structure_NN1 ;_; environmental_JJ change_NN1 ;_; and_CC development_NN1 in_II the_AT energy_NN1 sector_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL As_II a_ZZ1 set_VV0 the_AT scenarios_NN2 explore_VV0 the_AT relationships_NN2 between_II energy_NN1 in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 and_CC :_: geopolitics_NN1 ;_; the_AT national_JJ economy_NN1 ;_; the_AT economics_NN of_IO sectors_NN2 and_CC businesses_NN2 ;_; population_NN1 growth_NN1 and_CC structural_JJ change_NN1 ;_; the_AT structure_NN1 of_IO decision-making_NN1 and_CC social_JJ institutions_NN2 ;_; attitudes_NN2 to_TO change_VVI ;_; world_NN1 energy_NN1 prices_NN2 ;_; technology_NN1 changes_NN2 in_II supply_NN1 and_CC demand_NN1 ;_; and_CC consumer_NN1 behaviour_NN1 and_CC lifestyles_NN2 ,_, over_II the_AT 50_MC year_NNT1 period_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL During_II the_AT process_NN1 they_PPHS2 track_VV0 change_NN1 in_II a_AT1 wide_JJ range_NN1 of_IO aspects_NN2 of_IO socio-economic_JJ development_NN1 including_II the_AT Gross_JJ Domestic_JJ Product_NN1 ,_, sectoral_JJ shares_NN2 of_IO production_NN1 ,_, imports_NN2 ,_, exports_NN2 ,_, tariffs_NN2 ,_, taxes_NN2 ,_, employment_NN1 ,_, capital_JJ investment_NN1 and_CC consumption_NN1 patterns_NN2 ._. ^ *<_NULL *5_NULL The_AT (_( Art_NN1 of_IO Drawing_NN1 )_) Conclusions_NN2 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT scenarios_NN2 are_VBR products_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 creative_JJ process_NN1 which_DDQ developed_VVD four_MC world_NN1 futures_NN2 and_CC four_MC New_NP Zealand_NP1 futures_NN2 without_IW any_DD particular_JJ outcomes_NN2 in_II mind_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT project_NN1 brief_NN1 required_VVD the_AT study_NN1 team_NN to_TO present_VVI conclusions_NN2 and_CC recommendations_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 inevitably_RR raises_VVZ the_AT question_NN1 of_IO how_RRQ these_DD2 were_VBDR derived_VVN from_II the_AT scenarios_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL A_AT1 formal_JJ procedure_NN1 was_VBDZ used_VVN in_II drawing_VVG the_AT conclusions_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT procedure_NN1 distinguished_VVN between_II two_MC sets_NN2 of_IO conclusions_NN2 :_: __NULL |_NULL *-_- first_MD ,_, descriptive_JJ conclusions_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL These_DD2 relate_VV0 strongly_RR to_II the_AT detail_NN1 of_IO the_AT scenarios_NN2 and_CC are_VBR basically_RR of_IO the_AT type_NN1 ,_, *"_" if_CS this_DD1 then_RT that_DD1 **"_" ;_; and_CC |_NULL *-_- second_NNT1 ,_, interpretative_JJ conclusions_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL These_DD2 largely_RR go_VV0 beyond_II the_AT detail_NN1 of_IO the_AT scenarios_NN2 to_TO explore_VVI the_AT implications_NN2 of_IO social_JJ ,_, economic_JJ and_CC technological_JJ change_NN1 for_IF the_AT energy_NN1 system_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Descriptive_JJ conclusions_NN2 were_VBDR drawn_VVN for_IF each_DD1 scenario_NN1 under_II the_AT following_JJ headings_NN2 :_: patterns_NN2 and_CC diversity_NN1 of_IO energy_NN1 sources_NN2 ;_; energy_NN1 resource_NN1 depletion_NN1 ;_; energy_NN1 self_NN1 sufficiency_NN1 and_CC foreign_JJ supply_NN1 ;_; energy_NN1 and_CC economy_NN1 interactions_NN2 ;_; energy_NN1 and_CC environment_NN1 interactions_NN2 ;_; significant_JJ demand_NN1 sectors_NN2 ;_; significant_JJ energy_NN1 supply_NN1 facilities_NN2 ;_; resource_NN1 use_NN1 in_II the_AT energy_NN1 industries_NN2 ;_; and_CC leading_JJ indicators_NN2 of_IO change_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Following_VVG this_DD1 ,_, descriptive_JJ conclusions_NN2 across_II all_DB four_MC scenarios_NN2 were_VBDR derived_VVN providing_CS one_MC1 of_IO the_AT bases_NN2 for_IF Chapter_NN1 Four_MC of_IO this_DD1 report_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT interpretative_JJ conclusions_NN2 were_VBDR similarly_RR drawn_VVN first_MD for_CS each_DD1 scenario_NN1 and_CC then_RT collectively_RR for_IF the_AT set_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 were_VBDR considered_VVN under_RG four_MC separate_JJ headings_NN2 :_: energy_NN1 supply_NN1 ,_, energy_NN1 consumption_NN1 ,_, energy_NN1 markets_NN2 and_CC national_JJ priorities_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT conclusions_NN2 on_II energy_NN1 supply_NN1 cover_VV0 a_AT1 wide_JJ range_NN1 of_IO themes_NN2 from_II infrastructure_NN1 and_CC the_AT human_JJ resource_NN1 in_II the_AT supply_NN1 industry_NN1 to_TO resource_VVI depletion_NN1 and_CC inventory_NN1 assessment_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT conclusions_NN2 on_II energy_NN1 consumption_NN1 focus_NN1 strongly_RR on_II technological_JJ change_NN1 ,_, but_CCB include_VV0 issues_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 consumer_NN1 preferences_NN2 and_CC demand_NN1 management_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL Investment_NN1 criteria_NN2 ,_, the_AT role_NN1 of_IO government_NN ,_, the_AT commercialisation_NN1 of_IO energy_NN1 sectors_NN2 ,_, and_CC other_JJ areas_NN2 concerned_JJ with_IW pricing_VVG policy_NN1 and_CC regulation_NN1 are_VBR among_II the_AT themes_NN2 dealt_VVN with_IW in_II the_AT conclusions_NN2 on_II energy_NN1 markets_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT conclusions_NN2 on_II national_JJ priorities_NN2 cover_VV0 broad_JJ issues_NN2 including_II the_AT strategic_JJ choices_NN2 which_DDQ members_NN2 of_IO society_NN need_VV0 to_TO make_VVI about_II energy_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Clearly_RR ,_, for_IF some_DD of_IO the_AT conclusions_NN2 of_IO the_AT project_NN1 it_PPH1 is_VBZ possible_JJ to_TO refer_VVI to_II numerical_JJ results_NN2 for_IF substantiation_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II other_JJ cases_NN2 the_AT conclusions_NN2 depend_VV0 on_II the_AT background_NN1 and_CC experience_NN1 of_IO the_AT scenario_NN1 team_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II essence_NN1 ,_, the_AT discussion_NN1 of_IO philosophy_NN1 ,_, strategy_NN1 and_CC tactics_NN2 presented_VVN in_II chapters_NN2 five_MC ,_, seven_MC and_CC eight_MC reflects_VVZ the_AT considered_JJ judgements_NN2 of_IO the_AT research_NN1 team_NN of_IO five_MC senior_JJ energy_NN1 analysts_VVZ after_II working_VVG through_II the_AT four_MC futures_NN2 ._. ^ *<_NULL *5_NULL Principles_NN2 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Scenario_NP1 development_NN1 involves_VVZ an_AT1 enormous_JJ number_NN1 of_IO judgements_NN2 by_II the_AT researchers_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ an_AT1 important_JJ interplay_NN1 of_IO experience_NN1 and_CC imagination_NN1 in_II the_AT process_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT principles_NN2 which_DDQ guided_VVD the_AT study_NN1 team_NN in_II the_AT course_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 project_NN1 were_VBDR that_DD1 :_: __NULL |_NULL *-_- the_AT futures_NN2 expressed_VVN in_II the_AT scenarios_NN2 should_VM be_VBI plausible_JJ although_CS some_DD of_IO the_AT events_NN2 portrayed_VVD may_VM appear_VVI improbable_JJ to_II some_DD people_NN ;_; |_NULL *-_- no_AT preference_NN1 should_VM be_VBI expressed_VVN or_CC implied_VVD for_IF any_DD one_MC1 of_IO the_AT futures_NN2 ;_; and_CC |_NULL *-_- global_JJ catastrophes_NN2 would_VM be_VBI specifically_RR excluded_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT development_NN1 of_IO four_MC scenarios_NN2 from_II the_AT infinite_JJ number_NN1 of_IO possibilities_NN2 clearly_RR involves_VVZ many_DA2 selections_NN2 by_II the_AT researchers_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II presenting_VVG the_AT four_MC scenarios_NN2 the_AT team_NN notes_VVZ that_CST :_: __NULL |_NULL *-_- it_PPH1 is_VBZ impossible_JJ to_TO include_VVI all_DB eventualities_NN2 and_CC that_CST the_AT analysts_NN2 must_VM exercise_VVI judgement_NN1 in_II which_DDQ elements_NN2 to_TO portray_VVI ,_, and_CC the_AT way_NN1 they_PPHS2 interact_VV0 ;_; |_NULL *-_- the_AT social_JJ and_CC economic_JJ focus_NN1 of_IO the_AT work_NN1 limits_VVZ the_AT opportunity_NN1 to_TO specifically_RR address_VVI other_JJ topics_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 the_AT physical_JJ environment_NN1 ;_; |_NULL *-_- there_EX is_VBZ a_AT1 random_JJ element_NN1 in_II invention_NN1 and_CC technology_NN1 development_NN1 and_CC adoption_NN1 which_DDQ presents_VVZ the_AT analyst_NN1 with_IW arbitrary_JJ choices_NN2 ;_; and_CC |_NULL *-_- the_AT probability_NN1 of_IO fulfilment_NN1 of_IO any_DD particular_JJ scenario_NN1 is_VBZ zero_MC ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT intention_NN1 of_IO the_AT team_NN throughout_II the_AT project_NN1 was_VBDZ to_TO develop_VVI scenarios_NN2 which_DDQ were_VBDR internally_RR consistent_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL By_II preparing_VVG scenarios_NN2 which_DDQ were_VBDR individually_RR credible_JJ yet_RR significantly_RR different_JJ ,_, the_AT team_NN sought_VVD to_TO develop_VVI a_AT1 wide_JJ range_NN1 of_IO socio-economic_JJ futures_NN2 against_II which_DDQ to_TO test_VVI the_AT implications_NN2 for_IF the_AT energy_NN1 sector_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *7_NULL SCENARIO_NP1 OUTLINES_NP1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Four_MC scenarios_NN2 were_VBDR developed_VVN during_II the_AT course_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 project_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 are_VBR simply_RR identified_VVN as_CSA *=_NULL I_PPIS1 ,_, *=_NULL II_MC ,_, *=_NULL III_MC ,_, and_CC *=_NULL IV_MC to_TO avoid_VVI the_AT judgements_NN2 that_CST may_VM be_VBI inferred_VVN from_II names_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL These_DD2 scenarios_NN2 are_VBR outlined_VVN in_II the_AT following_JJ sections_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL These_DD2 outlines_NN2 illustrate_VV0 some_DD of_IO the_AT colour_NN1 and_CC detail_NN1 of_IO the_AT narratives_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT dates_NN2 used_VVN are_VBR not_XX predictions_NN2 ,_, but_CCB are_VBR part_NN1 of_IO scenario_NN1 development_NN1 process_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *5_NULL Scenario_NP1 *=_NULL I_MC1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Scenario_NP1 *=_NULL I_ZZ1 is_VBZ set_VVN in_II a_AT1 *"_" Politics_NN of_IO Scarcity_NN1 **"_" world_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 pessimistic_JJ outcome_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT basic_JJ prescription_NN1 for_IF socio-economic_JJ development_NN1 in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 was_VBDZ for_IF an_AT1 aging_NN1 ,_, kin-based_JJ population_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ was_VBDZ resistant_JJ to_TO change_VVI ;_; income_NN1 retentive_JJ ;_; with_IW decentralised_JJ institutions_NN2 ;_; and_CC autarky_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT scenario_NN1 explores_VVZ the_AT implications_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 major_JJ *"_" paradigm_NN1 shift_VV0 **"_" in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 social_JJ values_NN2 and_CC a_AT1 significant_JJ restructuring_NN1 of_IO the_AT economy_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Relatively_NP1 limited_VVD technological_JJ development_NN1 is_VBZ assumed_VVN in_II the_AT scenario_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX are_VBR no_AT major_JJ additions_NN2 to_II the_AT country_NN1 's_VBZ energy_NN1 resources_NN2 beyond_II those_DD2 currently_RR defined_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT scenario_NN1 opened_VVN with_IW significant_JJ attempts_NN2 being_VBG made_VVN to_TO solve_VVI global_JJ problems_NN2 engendered_VVD by_II population_NN1 pressure_NN1 ,_, North-South_NP1 tensions_NN2 ,_, resource_NN1 depletion_NN1 ,_, and_CC environmental_JJ pollution_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL These_DD2 efforts_NN2 never_RR adequately_RR came_VVD to_II grips_NN2 with_IW the_AT full_JJ scale_NN1 of_IO the_AT problems_NN2 ,_, though_CS there_EX were_VBDR a_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO partial_JJ successes_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL A_AT1 general_JJ tightening_NN1 of_IO trading_JJ conditions_NN2 and_CC the_AT loss_NN1 of_IO markets_NN2 for_IF traditional_JJ export_NN1 products_NN2 led_VVN to_II worsening_VVG terms_NN2 of_IO trade_NN1 for_IF New_NP Zealand_NP1 in_II the_AT 1980_MC 's_GE and_CC early_RR 1990_MC 's_GE ._. ^ ^_NULL Increasing_VVG protectionism_NN1 in_II the_AT industrialised_JJ nations_NN2 slowed_VVD the_AT growth_NN1 of_IO world_NN1 trade_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 also_RR encouraged_VVD a_AT1 larger_JJR and_CC larger_JJR share_NN1 of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 's_GE exports_NN2 to_TO be_VBI directed_VVN to_II the_AT Middle_NP East_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL When_CS {_NULL OPEC_NP1 }_NULL and_CC the_AT price_NN1 of_IO oil_NN1 collapsed_VVD in_II 1995_MC ,_, New_NP Zealand_NP1 's_GE dependence_NN1 on_II the_AT Middle_JJ Eastern_JJ market_NN1 meant_VVD that_CST it_PPH1 was_VBDZ harder_RRR hit_VVN than_CSN many_DA2 other_JJ countries_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX followed_VVD a_AT1 period_NN1 in_II which_DDQ the_AT government_NN attempted_VVD to_TO insulate_VVI the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 economy_NN1 from_II the_AT marked_JJ drop_NN1 in_II export_NN1 income_NN1 after_II the_AT {_NULL OPEC_NP1 }_NULL collapse_NN1 in_II 1995_MC and_CC the_AT de_JJ21 facto_JJ22 default_NN1 on_II foreign_JJ debts_NN2 in_II 1998_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT policies_NN2 which_DDQ were_VBDR adopted_VVN prompted_JJ growing_JJ popular_JJ resistance_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 led_VVN to_II the_AT fall_NN1 of_IO the_AT central_JJ government_NN in_II 2002_MC ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Out_II21 of_II22 the_AT social_JJ and_CC political_JJ turmoil_NN1 emerged_VVD a_AT1 co-operative_JJ social_JJ philosophy_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 new_JJ emphasis_NN1 developed_VVN on_II extended_JJ social_JJ groups_NN2 and_CC community_NNJ with_IW less_DAR concern_NN1 for_IF material_NN1 consumption_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL What_DDQ had_VHD been_VBN termed_VVN the_AT *"_" informal_JJ **"_" economy_NN1 of_IO the_AT 1980_MC221 's_MC222 became_VVD the_AT dominant_JJ ethos_NN1 in_II the_AT 2000_MC 's_GE and_CC 2010_MC 's_GE ._. ^ ^_NULL Many_DA2 central_JJ functions_NN2 were_VBDR replaced_VVN by_II local_JJ initiatives_NN2 ,_, including_II worker_NN1 control_NN1 of_IO enterprises_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Political_JJ control_NN1 was_VBDZ exercised_VVN at_II the_AT local_JJ level_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Co-ordination_NN1 between_II the_AT communities_NNJ2 was_VBDZ achieved_VVN through_II regional_JJ and_CC national_JJ councils_NNJ2 of_IO delegates_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Social_JJ cohesion_NN1 was_VBDZ enhanced_VVN by_II the_AT ease_NN1 of_IO access_NN1 to_II people_NN and_CC information_NN1 through_II the_AT extensive_JJ use_NN1 of_IO telecommunications_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT middle_JJ years_NNT2 of_IO the_AT scenario_NN1 saw_VVD considerable_JJ and_CC sometimes_RT painful_JJ adjustments_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT country_NN1 's_VBZ population_NN1 peaked_VVD at_II 3.5_MC million_NNO between_II 2001_MC and_CC 2011_MC and_CC began_VVD to_TO fall_VVI with_IW the_AT halting_NN1 of_IO immigration_NN1 and_CC the_AT decline_NN1 in_II birth_NN1 rates_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ a_AT1 severe_JJ drop_NN1 in_II the_AT material_NN1 standard_NN1 of_IO living_VVG ,_, a_AT1 rise_NN1 in_II unemployment_NN1 ,_, and_CC large_JJ scale_NN1 underemployment_NN1 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 268+TEXT+H04_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Transport_NN1 issues_NN2 related_VVN to_II energy_NN1 developments_NN2 in_II the_AT lower_JJR Waikato_NP1 have_VH0 been_VBN considered_VVN and_CC potentially_RR discordant_JJ impacts_NN2 on_II the_AT region_NN1 's_VBZ transport_NN1 infrastructure_NN1 identified_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT study_NN1 highlights_VVZ the_AT need_NN1 for_IF coordinated_JJ transport_NN1 planning_VVG in_II the_AT area_NN1 to_TO avoid_VVI the_AT making_NN1 of_IO piecemeal_JJ decisions_NN2 based_VVN largely_RR on_II the_AT availability_NN1 and_CC capacity_NN1 of_IO existing_JJ facilities_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT significant_JJ issues_NN2 are_VBR summarised_VVN in_II the_AT following_JJ section_NN1 together_II21 with_II22 a_AT1 summary_NN1 of_IO link_NN1 options_NN2 to_TO minimise_VVI potential_JJ impacts_NN2 ._. ^ *<_NULL 10.2_MC *3_NULL PROBLEM_NN1 AREAS_NN2 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT most_RGT significant_JJ problem_NN1 area_NN1 in_II the_AT region_NN1 is_VBZ in_II Huntly_NP1 township_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT development_NN1 of_IO Huntly_NP1 has_VHZ historically_RR been_VBN confined_VVN by_II the_AT Waikato_NP River_NNL1 and_CC {_NULL SH_UH }_NULL 1_MC1 ,_, with_IW the_AT result_NN1 that_CST :_: __NULL |_NULL *-_- the_AT {_NULL CBA_NN1 }_NULL has_VHZ developed_VVN ribbon_NN1 wise_JJ ,_, one_MC1 block_NN1 deep_RR along_II either_DD1 side_NN1 of_IO Main_NP Street_NNL1 and_CC the_AT western_JJ side_NN1 of_IO {_NULL SH_UH }_NULL 1_MC1 ;_; |_NULL *-_- there_EX is_VBZ no_AT land_NN1 available_JJ to_TO cater_VVI for_IF the_AT larger_JJR commercial_JJ enterprises_NN2 within_II the_AT immediate_JJ precincts_NN2 of_IO the_AT {_NULL CBA_NN1 }_NULL ;_; |_NULL *-_- considerable_JJ pressure_NN1 exists_VVZ for_IF the_AT establishment_NN of_IO commercial_JJ enterprises_NN2 alongside_II {_NULL SH_UH }_NULL 1_MC1 to_II the_AT north_ND1 and_CC south_ND1 of_IO the_AT {_NULL CBA_NN1 }_NULL ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL These_DD2 difficulties_NN2 will_VM be_VBI exacerbated_VVN with_IW the_AT estimated_JJ 50%_NNU increase_NN1 in_II population_NN1 in_II Huntly_NP1 by_II the_AT turn_NN1 of_IO the_AT century_NNT1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Rotowaro_NP1 branch_NN1 railway_NN1 level_NN1 crossing_VVG also_RR contributes_VVZ to_II problems_NN2 in_II Huntly_NP1 as_CSA it_PPH1 adds_VVZ to_II delays_NN2 to_II {_NULL SH_UH }_NULL 1_MC1 traffic_NN1 at_II the_AT Raynors_NP Road_NNL1 intersection_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Although_CS the_AT present_JJ number_NN1 of_IO train_NN1 movements_NN2 is_VBZ relatively_RR low_JJ (_( about_RG six_MC shunting_JJ services_NN2 per_II week_NNT1 day_NNT1 Monday_NPD1 to_II Friday_NPD1 )_) the_AT crossing_NN1 creates_VVZ delays_NN2 of_IO four_MC to_II six_MC minutes_NNT2 each_DD1 train_NN1 movement_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT branch_NN1 line_NN1 creates_VVZ further_JJR problems_NN2 with_IW its_APPGE dissecting_JJ effect_NN1 on_II the_AT Huntly_NP1 west_ND1 residential_JJ area_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 passes_VVZ very_RG close_JJ to_II the_AT local_JJ shopping_NN1 centre_NN1 and_CC divides_NN2 housing_VVG areas_NN2 requiring_VVG a_AT1 large_JJ number_NN1 of_IO pedestrians_NN2 to_TO use_VVI the_AT railway_NN1 reserves_VVZ for_IF access_NN1 to_II homes_NN2 ,_, schools_NN2 ,_, shops_NN2 and_CC recreation_NN1 reserves_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Increased_JJ use_NN1 of_IO the_AT line_NN1 will_VM therefore_RR affect_VVI public_JJ safety_NN1 as_CC31 well_CC32 as_CC33 compound_NN1 the_AT problem_NN1 of_IO delays_NN2 to_II road_NN1 users_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Another_DD1 potential_JJ problem_NN1 in_II the_AT region_NN1 concerns_VVZ a_AT1 possible_JJ new_JJ coal_NN1 haulage_NN1 route_NN1 from_II Maramarua_NP1 mine_NN1 to_II the_AT proposed_JJ North_NP Island_NP1 Thermal_JJ 1_MC1 power_NN1 station_NN1 at_II Clune_NP Road_NNL1 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 previous_JJ study_NN1 on_II the_AT transport_NN1 of_IO coal_NN1 to_II Clune_NP Road_NNL1 (_( reference_NN1 2_MC )_) identifies_VVZ road_NN1 and_CC rail_NN1 haulage_NN1 as_CSA being_VBG the_AT most_RGT economic_JJ transport_NN1 option_NN1 for_IF this_DD1 situation_NN1 with_IW conveyor_NN1 and_CC aerial_JJ ropeway_NN1 systems_NN2 being_VBG closely_RR competitive_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT most_RGT direct_JJ haulage_NN1 route_NN1 from_II the_AT mine_NN1 to_II the_AT power_NN1 station_NN1 site_NN1 passes_VVZ very_RG close_JJ to_II Meremere_NP1 but_CCB has_VHZ the_AT potential_JJ to_TO create_VVI environmental_JJ and_CC social_JJ problems_NN2 in_II the_AT township_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL An_AT1 alternative_JJ route_NN1 3_MC to_II 4_MC \_NULL km_NNU to_II the_AT south_ND1 would_VM be_VBI less_RGR disruptive_JJ but_CCB may_VM involve_VVI a_AT1 larger_JJR capital_NN1 outlay_NN1 depending_II21 on_II22 the_AT transport_NN1 mode_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL If_CS rail_NN1 transport_NN1 is_VBZ adopted_VVN ,_, the_AT additional_JJ haulage_NN1 distance_NN1 in_II a_AT1 route_NN1 south_ND1 of_IO Meremere_NP1 would_VM be_VBI bridged_VVN by_II the_AT existing_JJ {_NULL NIMT_NN1 }_NULL line_NN1 and_CC would_VM involve_VVI similar_JJ capital_NN1 commitment_NN1 as_II the_AT more_RGR direct_JJ route_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Road_NN1 haulage_NN1 on_II the_AT other_JJ hand_NN1 would_VM require_VVI the_AT construction_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 additional_JJ 3_MC to_II 5_MC \_NULL km_NNU length_NN1 of_IO road_NN1 to_TO accommodate_VVI the_AT detour_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Operating_VVG costs_NN2 from_II Maramarua_NP1 mine_NN1 to_II Clune_NP Road_NNL1 would_VM be_VBI larger_JJR in_II both_DB2 cases_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT case_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 portion_NN1 of_IO the_AT coal_NN1 requirement_NN1 being_VBG supplied_VVN by_II the_AT Huntly_NP1 coalfield_NN1 ,_, some_DD of_IO the_AT increase_NN1 in_II operating_VVG cost_NN1 would_VM be_VBI returned_VVN by_II a_AT1 reduction_NN1 in_II operating_VVG cost_NN1 from_II Huntly_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ a_AT1 general_JJ difficulty_NN1 with_IW increasing_VVG numbers_NN2 of_IO coal_NN1 trucks_NN2 using_VVG public_JJ roads_NN2 in_II the_AT area_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL These_DD2 create_VV0 increased_JJ delays_NN2 and_CC travel_NN1 times_NNT2 ,_, greater_JJR potential_NN1 for_IF accidents_NN2 and_CC greater_JJR effects_NN2 on_II the_AT environment_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL 10.3_MC *3_NULL ADDITIONAL_JJ DEMANDS_NN2 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT study_NN1 indicates_VVZ that_CST the_AT most_RGT significant_JJ additional_JJ demands_NN2 likely_JJ to_TO be_VBI placed_VVN on_II the_AT transport_NN1 infrastructure_NN1 in_II the_AT lower_JJR Waikato_NP1 region_NN1 will_VM be_VBI brought_VVN about_RP by_II coal_NN1 movements_NN2 as_CSA follows_VVZ :_: __NULL |_NULL *-_- ^_NULL Coal_NN1 production_NN1 from_II the_AT Rotowaro_NP1 mines_NN2 and_CC transported_VVD north_ND1 by_II rail_NN1 is_VBZ expected_VVN to_TO increase_VVI seven-fold_JJ by_II 1991/_FO 92_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL Delays_NN2 to_II {_NULL SH_UH }_NULL 1_MC1 users_NN2 in_II Huntly_NP1 at_II the_AT Rotowaro_NP1 branch_NN1 level_JJ crossing_NN1 are_VBR expected_VVN to_TO increase_VVI in_II duration_NN1 and_CC their_APPGE frequency_NN1 is_VBZ expected_VVN to_TO double_VVI ._. ^ |_NULL *-_- ^_NULL New_JJ coal_NN1 washing_NN1 and_CC preparation_NN1 plants_NN2 in_II the_AT area_NN1 complicate_VV0 the_AT prediction_NN1 of_IO points_NN2 of_IO impact_NN1 caused_VVN by_II coal_NN1 transport_NN1 ,_, as_CSA the_AT location_NN1 of_IO such_DA plants_NN2 is_VBZ not_XX yet_RR finalised_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ clear_JJ that_CST a_AT1 large_JJ centralised_JJ plant_NN1 would_VM place_VVI significant_JJ demands_NN2 on_II the_AT transport_NN1 system_NN1 as_II the_AT plant_NN1 would_VM also_RR act_VVI as_II a_AT1 coal_NN1 distribution_NN1 centre_NN1 and_CC would_VM require_VVI high_JJ capacity_NN1 transport_NN1 links_VVZ to_II and_CC from_II mining_VVG developments_NN2 and_CC the_AT {_NULL NIMT_NN1 }_NULL line_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 series_NN of_IO small_JJ mine_NN1 dedicated_VVD plants_NN2 would_VM have_VHI a_AT1 lesser_JJ effect_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL *-_- ^_NULL Coal_NN1 from_II a_AT1 new_JJ Maramarua_NP1 mine_NN1 to_TO supply_VVI the_AT proposed_JJ 500_MC \_NULL MW_NNU North_NP Island_NP1 Thermal_JJ 1_MC1 power_NN1 station_NN1 will_VM require_VVI a_AT1 new_JJ coal_NN1 transport_NN1 link_NN1 from_II Maramarua_NP1 to_II Clune_NP Road_NNL1 to_TO transport_VVI the_AT necessary_JJ 920_MC 000_MC {_NULL tpa_NN1 }_NULL ._. ^ |_NULL *-_- ^_NULL Approximately_RR 300_MC 000_MC {_NULL tpa_NN1 }_NULL may_VM require_VVI transport_NN1 from_II Maramarua_NP1 ,_, crossing_VVG the_AT Waikato_NP River_NNL1 ,_, to_II the_AT Huntly_NP1 power_NN1 station_NN1 from_II 1989_MC ,_, but_CCB is_VBZ dependent_JJ on_II the_AT success_NN1 of_IO the_AT bid_NN1 by_II Electricity_NN1 Division_NNJ to_TO increase_VVI its_APPGE current_JJ gas_NN1 take_VV0 ._. ^ |_NULL *-_- ^_NULL Approximately_RR 500_MC 000_MC {_NULL tpa_NN1 }_NULL will_VM require_VVI transport_NN1 across_II the_AT Waikato_NP River_NNL1 from_II the_AT proposed_JJ Huntly_NP1 West_NP1 2_MC mine_NN1 around_II the_AT turn_NN1 of_IO the_AT century_NNT1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Other_JJ coal_NN1 production_NN1 in_II the_AT Waikato_NP1 is_VBZ not_XX expected_VVN to_TO inflict_VVI any_DD significant_JJ problems_NN2 on_II the_AT existing_JJ transport_NN1 infrastructure_NN1 although_CS some_DD new_JJ or_CC upgraded_JJ links_NN2 to_II the_AT {_NULL NIMT_NN1 }_NULL line_NN1 or_CC {_NULL SH_UH }_NULL 1_MC1 may_VM be_VBI required_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT construction_NN1 of_IO the_AT proposed_JJ 500_MC \_NULL MW_NNU North_NP Island_NP1 Thermal_JJ 1_MC1 power_NN1 station_NN1 will_VM place_VVI additional_JJ demands_NN2 on_II the_AT existing_JJ transport_NN1 infrastructure_NN1 through_II the_AT movements_NN2 of_IO construction_NN1 materials_NN2 and_CC workforce_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT main_JJ impacts_NN2 will_VM be_VBI at_II the_AT intersection_NN1 of_IO {_NULL SH_UH }_NULL 1_MC1 and_CC the_AT access_NN1 road_NN1 to_II the_AT development_NN1 ,_, and_CC on_II the_AT access_NN1 road_NN1 itself_PPX1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Provision_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 class_NN1 *=_NULL I_PPIS1 sealed_VVD road_NN1 from_II {_NULL SH_UH }_NULL 1_MC1 to_II the_AT development_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 suitable_JJ intersection_NN1 with_IW {_NULL SH_UH }_NULL 1_MC1 would_VM minimise_VVI any_DD detrimental_JJ affects_NN2 to_II road_NN1 users_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Other_JJ impacts_NN2 are_VBR expected_VVN to_TO be_VBI similar_JJ to_II those_DD2 associated_VVN with_IW normal_JJ industrial_JJ enterprises_NN2 and_CC can_VM be_VBI catered_VVN for_IF within_II the_AT existing_JJ infrastructure_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL 10.4_MC *3_NULL FLEXIBILITY_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT coal_NN1 transport_NN1 system_NN1 to_TO serve_VVI the_AT Lower_JJR Waikato_NP1 region_NN1 must_VM be_VBI highly_RR flexible_JJ to_TO cater_VVI for_IF changes_NN2 in_II the_AT planned_JJ coal_NN1 demand_NN1 and_CC coal_NN1 source_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Such_DA variations_NN2 are_VBR evident_JJ when_CS viewing_VVG changes_NN2 in_II the_AT planned_JJ coal_NN1 supply_VV0 to_TO New_NP Zealand_NP1 Steel_NP1 ,_, as_CSA shown_VVN in_II table_NN1 18_MC and_CC documented_VVN in_II previous_JJ energy_NN1 plans_NN2 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Factors_NN2 which_DDQ may_VM influence_VVI the_AT actual_JJ coal_NN1 allocation_NN1 in_II the_AT future_NN1 to_II that_DD1 planned_VVN include_VV0 :_: __NULL |_NULL *-_- the_AT success_NN1 of_IO longwall_NN1 mining_NN1 ;_; |_NULL *-_- further_RRR delays_VVZ at_II the_AT East_NP1 and_CC West_NP1 1_MC1 mines_NN2 ;_; |_NULL *-_- short_JJ term_NN1 fluctuations_NN2 in_II mine_NN1 output_NN1 from_II individual_JJ mines_NN2 because_II21 of_II22 unforeseen_JJ mining_NN1 difficulties_NN2 ;_; |_NULL *-_- the_AT success_NN1 of_IO the_AT proposed_JJ West_NP1 2_MC and_CC Ohinewai_NP1 mines_NN2 ;_; |_NULL *-_- the_AT possible_JJ expansion_NN1 of_IO the_AT proposed_JJ North_NP Island_NP1 Thermal_JJ 1_MC1 power_NN1 station_NN1 to_II 1000_MC \_NULL MW_NNU ;_; |_NULL *-_- the_AT possibility_NN1 of_IO Electricity_NN1 Division_NNJ increasing_VVG its_APPGE current_JJ gas_NN1 take_VV0 ;_; |_NULL *-_- the_AT occurrence_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 dry_JJ year_NNT1 when_RRQ it_PPH1 may_VM be_VBI necessary_JJ to_TO significantly_RR increase_VVI production_NN1 at_II the_AT Maramarua_NP1 and_CC Rotowaro_NP1 mines_NN2 to_TO meet_VVI the_AT additional_JJ demand_NN1 for_IF thermal_JJ electricity_NN1 generation_NN1 over_II hydro_NN1 generation_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL 10.5_MC *3_NULL PREFERRED_JJ TRANSPORT_NN1 MODES_NN2 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Existing_JJ coal_NN1 transport_NN1 by_II road_NN1 on_II {_NULL SH_UH }_NULL 1_MC1 is_VBZ not_XX in_II itself_PPX1 a_AT1 problem_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX are_VBR problem_NN1 areas_NN2 however_RR which_DDQ would_VM be_VBI exacerbated_VVN by_II a_AT1 significant_JJ increase_NN1 in_II coal_NN1 haulage_NN1 by_II road_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL These_DD2 problems_NN2 include_VV0 the_AT effects_NN2 on_II :_: __NULL |_NULL *-_- other_JJ public_JJ road_NN1 users_NN2 ,_, including_II delays_NN2 or_CC an_AT1 increase_NN1 in_II travel_NN1 time_NNT1 ,_, a_AT1 level_NN1 of_IO frustration_NN1 or_CC inconvenience_NN1 from_II reduced_JJ overtaking_JJ opportunities_NN2 ,_, reduced_JJ visibility_NN1 and_CC safety_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 potential_JJ increase_NN1 in_II the_AT accident_NN1 rate_NN1 ;_; |_NULL *-_- townships_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 Huntly_NP1 where_RRQ traffic_NN1 congestion_NN1 is_VBZ already_RR a_AT1 problem_NN1 and_CC improvements_NN2 are_VBR difficult_JJ ;_; |_NULL *-_- county_NN1 road_NN1 intersections_NN2 ;_; |_NULL *-_- land_NN1 uses_VVZ adjacent_II21 to_II22 highways_NN2 with_IW operational_JJ effects_NN2 of_IO noise_NN1 ,_, vibration_NN1 ,_, dust_NN1 and_CC fumes_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Generally_RR the_AT operation_NN1 of_IO the_AT {_NULL NIMT_NN1 }_NULL line_NN1 causes_VVZ few_DA2 problems_NN2 and_CC an_AT1 increase_NN1 in_II coal_NN1 transport_NN1 on_II the_AT line_NN1 would_VM have_VHI limited_VVN adverse_JJ effect_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Conveyor_NP1 and_CC aerial_JJ ropeway_NN1 transport_NN1 modes_NN2 generally_RR have_VH0 a_AT1 lesser_JJ effect_NN1 on_II the_AT environment_NN1 than_CSN road_NN1 or_CC rail_NN1 but_CCB have_VH0 a_AT1 considerable_JJ disadvantage_NN1 over_II these_DD2 in_II that_DD1 they_PPHS2 are_VBR not_XX nearly_RR as_CSA flexible_JJ to_TO cater_VVI for_IF inevitable_JJ changes_NN2 in_II the_AT planned_JJ coal_NN1 supply_NN1 and_CC demand_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL These_DD2 points_NN2 suggest_VV0 that_CST the_AT existing_JJ rail_NN1 system_NN1 through_II the_AT region_NN1 should_VM form_VVI the_AT backbone_NN1 of_IO the_AT coal_NN1 transport_NN1 infrastructure_NN1 in_II the_AT lower_JJR Waikato_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Transport_NN1 links_VVZ to_II and_CC from_II the_AT {_NULL NIMT_NN1 }_NULL line_NN1 may_VM be_VBI either_RR private_JJ roads_NN2 or_CC rail_NN1 for_IF flexibility_NN1 ,_, or_CC perhaps_RR conveyor_NN1 where_RRQ the_AT barrier_NN1 effect_NN1 and_CC operating_VVG effects_NN2 of_IO road_NN1 or_CC rail_NN1 warrant_VV0 an_AT1 alternative_NN1 ,_, if_CS more_RGR costly_JJ ,_, system_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL 10.6_MC *3_NULL OPTIONS_NN2 FOR_IF LINKS_NN2 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Options_NN2 for_IF transport_NN1 links_VVZ from_II energy_NN1 developments_NN2 to_II the_AT {_NULL NIMT_NN1 }_NULL line_NN1 are_VBR discussed_VVN in_II section_NN1 9_MC of_IO this_DD1 report_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 decision_NN1 to_TO provide_VVI a_AT1 new_JJ or_CC upgraded_JJ link_NN1 is_VBZ generally_RR dependent_JJ on_II the_AT potential_JJ transport_NN1 cost_NN1 benefits_NN2 to_TO be_VBI obtained_VVN from_II the_AT link_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT two_MC most_RGT important_JJ options_NN2 in_II the_AT region_NN1 are_VBR the_AT Maramarua_NP1 mine-_JJ {_NULL NIMT_NN1 }_NULL line-Clune_JJ Road_NN1 link_NN1 and_CC the_AT Rotowaro_NP1 mines-West_NP1 1_MC1 mine_NN1 to_II the_AT {_NULL NIMT_NN1 }_NULL line_NN1 link_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Maramarua_NP1 mine-Clune_NP1 Road_NN1 link_NN1 is_VBZ essential_JJ with_IW the_AT construction_NN1 of_IO the_AT North_NP Island_NP1 Thermal_JJ 1_MC1 power_NN1 station_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Both_RR road_NN1 and_CC rail_NN1 transport_NN1 modes_NN2 are_VBR feasible_JJ with_IW each_DD1 having_VHG particular_JJ advantages_NN2 over_II the_AT other_JJ in_II different_JJ circumstances_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, road_NN1 is_VBZ more_RGR flexible_JJ than_CSN rail_NN1 and_CC is_VBZ more_RGR suited_JJ for_IF ash_NN1 transport_NN1 if_CSW required_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL Road_NN1 from_II the_AT mine_NN1 has_VHZ the_AT additional_JJ advantage_NN1 over_II rail_NN1 of_IO being_VBG more_RGR suited_JJ for_IF use_NN1 by_II private_JJ coal_NN1 mining_VVG companies_NN2 as_II the_AT tonnage_NN1 of_IO coal_NN1 supplied_VVN to_II any_DD one_MC1 customer_NN1 is_VBZ usually_RR small_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL On_II the_AT other_JJ hand_NN1 ,_, rail_NN1 has_VHZ the_AT advantage_NN1 of_IO lesser_JJ environmental_JJ and_CC operating_VVG effects_NN2 since_II coal_NN1 units_NN2 are_VBR larger_JJR and_CC hence_RR less_RGR frequent_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT use_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 combined_JJ mode_NN1 system_NN1 incorporating_VVG a_AT1 conveyor_NN1 constructed_VVD below_II ground_NN1 in_II environmentally_RR sensitive_JJ areas_NN2 should_VM not_XX be_VBI ruled_VVN out_II21 of_II22 consideration_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT other_JJ option_NN1 incorporating_VVG a_AT1 bridge_NN1 north_ND1 of_IO Huntly_NP1 is_VBZ not_XX essential_JJ in_II31 terms_II32 of_II33 transport_NN1 cost_NN1 considerations_NN2 at_II this_DD1 time_NNT1 and_CC is_VBZ likely_JJ to_TO result_VVI only_RR as_II a_AT1 consequence_NN1 of_IO significant_JJ energy_NN1 developments_NN2 in_II the_AT area_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 would_VM ,_, however_RR ,_, have_VH0 considerable_JJ advantages_NN2 for_IF the_AT region_NN1 at_II any_DD time_NNT1 ,_, particularly_RR in_II Huntly_NP1 township_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II this_DD1 regard_NN1 it_PPH1 is_VBZ appropriate_JJ to_TO consider_VVI the_AT significant_JJ impact_NN1 energy_NN1 developments_NN2 have_VH0 on_II the_AT region_NN1 and_CC the_AT resulting_JJ obligation_NN1 developers_NN2 have_VH0 to_II the_AT community_NNJ to_TO consider_VVI social_JJ and_CC environmental_JJ issues_NN2 and_CC political_JJ sensitivity_NN1 as_CC31 well_CC32 as_CC33 strict_JJ economic_JJ criteria_NN2 in_II assessing_VVG peripheral_JJ activities_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 coal_NN1 distribution_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ recommended_VVN that_CST ,_, if_CS constructed_VVN ,_, the_AT bridge_NN1 be_VBI used_VVN to_TO complete_VVI a_AT1 rail_NN1 link_NN1 from_II the_AT Rotowaro_NP1 and_CC West_NP1 1_MC1 mines_NN2 to_II the_AT {_NULL NIMT_NN1 }_NULL line_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 may_VM ,_, as_RR21 well_RR22 ,_, be_VBI feasible_JJ to_TO construct_VVI the_AT bridge_NN1 to_II a_AT1 sufficient_JJ width_NN1 to_TO allow_VVI also_RR the_AT passage_NN1 of_IO overloads_NN2 associated_VVN with_IW mining_VVG development_NN1 by_II road_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II assessing_VVG the_AT costs_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 bridge_NN1 to_II the_AT north_ND1 further_JJR consideration_NN1 should_VM be_VBI given_VVN to_II the_AT option_NN1 of_IO replacing_VVG the_AT existing_JJ construction_NN1 bridge_NN1 as_II a_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO measures_NN2 will_VM need_VVI to_TO be_VBI taken_VVN to_TO upgrade_VVI it_PPH1 to_II the_AT standard_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 permanent_JJ bridge_NN1 ._. ^ __NULL |_NULL (_( a_ZZ1 )_) ^_NULL Both_DB2 the_AT western_JJ and_CC eastern_JJ bridge_NN1 approaches_NN2 would_VM have_VHI to_TO be_VBI realigned_VVN and_CC upgraded_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL (_( b_ZZ1 )_) ^_NULL The_AT bridge_NN1 itself_PPX1 needs_VVZ to_TO be_VBI raised_VVN to_TO comply_VVI with_IW navigational_JJ clearance_NN1 restrictions_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL (_( c_ZZ1 )_) ^_NULL The_AT bridge_NN1 deck_NN1 may_VM need_VVI to_TO be_VBI widened_VVN so_CS21 that_CS22 two_MC lanes_NN2 of_IO trucks_NN2 can_VM pass_VVI without_IW delays_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL (_( d_ZZ1 )_) ^_NULL The_AT longitudinal_JJ seismic_JJ restraint_NN1 should_VM be_VBI improved_VVN by_II incorporating_VVG lead/_FO rubber_JJ dissipators_NN2 at_II the_AT piers_NN2 or_CC by_II attaching_VVG a_AT1 friction_NN1 slab_NN1 at_II one_MC1 end_NN1 of_IO the_AT bridge_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT benefits_NN2 accruing_VVG from_II the_AT construction_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 bridge_NN1 north_ND1 of_IO Huntly_NP1 can_VM be_VBI costed_VVN and_CC compared_VVN to_II the_AT cost_NN1 of_IO either_DD1 upgrading_VVG the_AT existing_JJ construction_NN1 bridge_NN1 or_CC constructing_VVG an_AT1 entirely_RR new_JJ bridge_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Such_DA benefits_NN2 include_VV0 the_AT following_JJ :_: __NULL |_NULL *-_- ^_NULL The_AT need_NN1 to_TO transport_VVI coal_NN1 through_II Huntly_NP1 township_NN1 by_II rail_NN1 would_VM be_VBI removed_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL *-_- ^_NULL Delays_NN2 and_CC accidents_NN2 in_II Huntly_NP1 would_VM be_VBI reduced_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL *-_- ^_NULL The_AT barrier_NN1 effect_NN1 of_IO the_AT railway_NN1 in_II the_AT Huntly_NP1 West_NP1 residential_JJ areas_NN2 could_VM be_VBI removed_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL *-_- ^_NULL A_AT1 reduction_NN1 in_II congestion_NN1 towards_II the_AT southern_JJ end_NN1 of_IO the_AT {_NULL CBA_NN1 }_NULL would_VM provide_VVI some_DD room_NN1 for_IF {_NULL CBA_NN1 }_NULL development_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL *-_- ^_NULL All_DB mines_NN2 ,_, with_IW the_AT possible_JJ exception_NN1 of_IO the_AT Maramarua_NP1 mine_NN1 ,_, would_VM be_VBI linked_VVN by_II rail_NN1 which_DDQ means_VVZ a_AT1 drop_NN1 in_II supply_NN1 from_II one_MC1 mine_NN1 can_VM readily_RR be_VBI compensated_VVN for_IF by_II an_AT1 increase_NN1 in_II supply_NN1 from_II other_JJ mines_NN2 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 269+TEXT+H05_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT establishment_NN of_IO a_AT1 framework_NN1 for_IF closer_JJR and_CC more_RGR regular_JJ South_NP Pacific_NP1 cooperation_NN1 on_II wider_JJR trade_NN1 policy_NN1 issues_NN2 should_VM enable_VVI New_NP Zealand_NP1 ,_, and_CC the_AT other_JJ South_NP Pacific_NP1 countries_NN2 ,_, to_TO participate_VVI more_RGR effectively_RR in_II organisations_NN2 and_CC groupings_NN2 established_VVD to_TO encourage_VVI economic_JJ and_CC trade_NN1 expansion_NN1 in_II the_AT Pacific_NP Basin_NNL1 at_RR21 large_RR22 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL As_II a_AT1 region_NN1 ,_, the_AT Pacific_NP Basin_NNL1 has_VHZ shown_VVN remarkable_JJ economic_JJ vitality_NN1 and_CC confidence_NN1 in_II an_AT1 era_NN1 characterised_VVD by_II uncertainty_NN1 and_CC slow_JJ growth_NN1 through_II much_DA1 of_IO the_AT industrialised_JJ world_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT contrast_NN1 has_VHZ prompted_VVN some_DD commentators_NN2 to_TO declare_VVI that_CST the_AT twenty-first_MD century_NNT1 will_VM be_VBI dominated_VVN by_II the_AT economies_NN2 of_IO the_AT Pacific_NP Basin_NNL1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT performance_NN1 already_RR achieved_VVN and_CC the_AT sense_NN1 of_IO expectation_NN1 created_VVN has_VHZ produced_VVN an_AT1 awareness_NN1 of_IO common_JJ economic_JJ interests_NN2 *-_- though_CS this_DD1 is_VBZ by_RR31 no_RR32 means_RR33 unqualified_JJ or_CC all-embracing_JJ *-_- and_CC a_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO organisations_NN2 and_CC initiatives_NN2 have_VH0 emerged_VVN aimed_VVD at_II promoting_VVG cooperation_NN1 and_CC economic_JJ prosperity_NN1 in_II the_AT region_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ not_XX intended_VVN here_RL to_TO discuss_VVI regionally_RR defined_JJ groupings_NN2 within_II the_AT wider_JJR Pacific_NP Basin_NNL1 *-_- such_II21 as_II22 the_AT Association_NNJ of_IO South_NP East_NP Asian_JJ Nations_NN2 (_( {_NULL ASEAN_NP1 }_NULL )_) or_CC the_AT Latin_NP American_JJ Integration_NN1 Association_NNJ (_( {_NULL LAIA_NP1 }_NULL )_) *-_- beyond_II noting_VVG the_AT benefits_NN2 they_PPHS2 can_VM have_VHI in_II promoting_VVG a_AT1 community_NNJ of_IO interest_NN1 and_CC encouraging_JJ competitiveness_NN1 ,_, economic_JJ cooperation_NN1 and_CC trade_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Nor_CC do_VD0 we_PPIS2 discuss_VVI {_NULL ESCAP_NN1 }_NULL (_( Economic_JJ and_CC Social_JJ Commission_NNJ for_IF Asia_NP1 and_CC the_AT Pacific_NP1 )_) ,_, the_AT {_NULL UN_NP }_NULL regional_JJ organisation_NN1 ,_, whose_DDQGE membership_NN extends_VVZ far_RR beyond_II the_AT Pacific_NP1 rim_VV0 to_TO include_VVI the_AT whole_NN1 of_IO Asia_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Recent_JJ years_NNT2 have_VH0 seen_VVN the_AT emergence_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO groupings_NN2 that_CST are_VBR less_RGR geographically_RR specific_JJ whose_DDQGE membership_NN ,_, constitution_NN1 and_CC precise_JJ orientation_NN1 vary_VV0 ,_, but_CCB which_DDQ share_VV0 the_AT general_JJ objective_NN1 of_IO advancing_JJ the_AT economic_JJ welfare_NN1 of_IO the_AT Pacific_NP Basin_NNL1 region_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT following_JJ are_VBR particularly_RR worthy_JJ of_IO note_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Pacific_NP Basin_NNL1 Economic_JJ Council_NNJ (_( {_NULL PBEC_NP1 }_NULL )_) *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL {_NULL PBEC_NP1 }_NULL is_VBZ an_AT1 international_JJ organisation_NN1 of_IO private_JJ sector_NN1 representatives_NN2 in_II the_AT Pacific_NP Basin_NNL1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 originated_VVD in_II 1967_MC with_IW representation_NN1 from_II Australia_NP1 ,_, Canada_NP1 ,_, Japan_NP1 and_CC the_AT United_NP States_NP1 ,_, as_CC31 well_CC32 as_CC33 New_NP Zealand_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Participation_NN1 has_VHZ since_RR extended_VVN to_TO include_VVI Korea_NP1 ,_, Taiwan_NP1 ,_, Hong_NP Kong_NP1 ,_, the_AT {_NULL ASEAN_JJ }_NULL region_NN1 and_CC South_NP America_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL While_CS operating_VVG under_II private_JJ auspices_NN2 ,_, {_NULL PBEC_NP1 }_NULL maintains_VVZ liaison_NN1 with_IW governments_NNJ2 and_CC international_JJ agencies_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL {_NULL PBEC_NN1 }_NULL '_" s_ZZ1 basic_JJ purpose_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO foster_VVI mutually_RR beneficial_JJ economic_JJ cooperation_NN1 and_CC social_JJ progress_NN1 throughout_II the_AT Pacific_NP1 Region_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 strives_VVZ to_TO improve_VVI the_AT business_NN1 environment_NN1 ,_, strengthen_VV0 business_NN1 enterprise_NN1 ,_, create_VV0 new_JJ business_NN1 relationships_NN2 and_CC opportunities_NN2 ,_, and_CC increase_NN1 trade_NN1 and_CC investment_NN1 in_II the_AT Pacific_NP Basin_NNL1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 pursues_VVZ these_DD2 objectives_NN2 by_II exchange_NN1 of_IO views_NN2 among_II business_NN1 people_NN ;_; it_PPH1 provides_VVZ advice_NN1 to_II governments_NNJ2 and_CC international_JJ agencies_NN2 on_II basic_JJ economic_JJ and_CC business_NN1 matters_NN2 affecting_VVG the_AT Pacific_NP Basin_NNL1 ;_; and_CC it_PPH1 provides_VVZ private_JJ sector_NN1 input_NN1 into_II other_JJ organisations_NN2 concerned_JJ with_IW Pacific_NP1 development_NN1 and_CC cooperation_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT value_NN1 of_IO {_NULL PBEC_NP1 }_NULL derives_VVZ largely_RR from_II its_APPGE success_NN1 in_II attracting_VVG the_AT active_JJ participation_NN1 of_IO persons_NN2 of_IO high_JJ standing_NN1 in_II manufacturing_VVG ,_, agriculture_NN1 ,_, banking_NN1 ,_, insurance_NN1 ,_, shipping_VVG and_CC other_JJ industries_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Its_APPGE papers_NN2 and_CC reports_VVZ thus_RR encompass_VV0 a_AT1 wide_JJ range_NN1 of_IO business_NN1 activity_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Its_APPGE importance_NN1 can_VM only_RR increase_VVI with_IW the_AT growing_JJ participation_NN1 of_IO representatives_NN2 of_IO the_AT developing_JJ countries_NN2 of_IO the_AT region_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Pacific_NP1 Economic_JJ Cooperation_NN1 Conference_NNJ {_NULL PEC(C)_NN1 }_NULL *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT distinctive_JJ characteristic_NN1 of_IO {_NULL PEC_NN1 }_NULL is_VBZ that_CST it_PPH1 operates_VVZ on_II tripartite_NN1 basis_NN1 with_IW participants_NN2 including_II academics_NN2 ,_, officials_NN2 participating_VVG as_CSA individuals_NN2 rather_II21 than_II22 delegates_NN2 of_IO their_APPGE governments_NNJ2 ,_, and_CC private_JJ sector_NN1 representatives_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II some_DD countries_NN2 elected_VVD parliamentarians_NN2 also_RR participate_VV0 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT {_NULL PEC_NN1 }_NULL process_NN1 (_( it_PPH1 is_VBZ not_XX an_AT1 organisation_NN1 as_CSA such_DA )_) was_VBDZ launched_VVN in_II Canberra_NP1 in_II 1980_MC and_CC has_VHZ gained_VVN strength_NN1 and_CC momentum_NN1 since_CS with_IW subsequent_JJ conferences_NN2 at_II Bangkok_NP1 ,_, Bali_NP1 and_CC Seoul_NP1 (_( in_II 1985_MC )_) ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT pattern_NN1 of_IO representation_NN1 at_II {_NULL PEC_NP1 }_NULL meetings_NN2 is_VBZ widening_VVG to_TO include_VVI countries_NN2 in_II most_DAT parts_NN2 of_IO the_AT Pacific_NP Basin_NNL1 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ no_AT permanent_JJ secretariat_NN but_CCB there_EX is_VBZ an_AT1 international_JJ standing_NN1 committee_NNJ on_II which_DDQ New_NP Zealand_NP1 is_VBZ represented_VVN by_II the_AT {_NULL Rt_NNB Hon_JJ }_NULL Brian_NP1 Talboys_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Participating_VVG countries_NN2 also_RR have_VH0 their_APPGE own_DA national_JJ committees_NNJ2 which_DDQ are_VBR representative_JJ of_IO all_DB participating_VVG sectors_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Five_MC task_NN1 forces_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN set_VVN up_RP to_TO undertake_VVI work_NN1 relevant_JJ to_II the_AT region_NN1 in_II :_: __NULL |_NULL *?_NULL 31_MC Agriculture_NN1 and_CC renewable_JJ resources_NN2 ;_; |_NULL *?_NULL 31_MC Minerals_NN2 and_CC energy_NN1 ;_; |_NULL *?_NULL 31_MC Manufactured_JJ goods_NN2 and_CC international_JJ trade_NN1 negotiations_NN2 ;_; |_NULL *?_NULL 31_MC Investment_NN1 and_CC technology_NN1 transfer_NN1 ;_; and_CC |_NULL *?_NULL 31_MC Capital_JJ flows_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL These_DD2 task_NN1 forces_NN2 have_VH0 set_VVN in_II train_NN1 their_APPGE own_DA research_NN1 projects_NN2 and_CC meetings_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL New_NP Zealand_NP1 has_VHZ participated_VVN most_RGT actively_RR (_( but_CCB not_XX exclusively_RR )_) in_II the_AT Agriculture/_FO Renewable_JJ Resources_NN2 and_CC the_AT Manufactured_JJ Goods/_FO Trade_NN1 Negotiations_NN2 task_NN1 forces_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Under_II the_AT former_DA ,_, New_NP Zealand_NP1 is_VBZ taking_VVG the_AT lead_NN1 on_II a_AT1 comparative_JJ study_NN1 project_NN1 on_II livestock_NN1 industries_NN2 in_II the_AT participating_JJ countries_NN2 ;_; under_II the_AT latter_DA New_NP Zealand_NP1 has_VHZ been_VBN active_JJ in_II encouraging_JJ work_NN1 on_II developing_VVG mutual_JJ understanding_NN1 on_II priorities_NN2 for_IF negotiation_NN1 in_II a_AT1 New_JJ Round_NN1 of_IO {_NULL MTN_NP }_NULL s_ZZ1 ,_, emphasising_VVG the_AT need_NN1 that_CST these_DD2 deal_VV0 effectively_RR with_IW agricultural_JJ trade_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL That_DD1 was_VBDZ clearly_RR registered_VVN at_II the_AT first_MD Pacific_NP1 Trade_NN1 Policy_NN1 Forum_NN1 ,_, convened_VVN by_II the_AT {_NULL PEC_NN1 }_NULL in_II San_NP Francisco_NP1 in_II March_NPM1 1986_MC ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL That_CST the_AT {_NULL PEC_NN1 }_NULL process_NN1 has_VHZ ,_, in_II so_RG short_RR a_AT1 time_NNT1 ,_, succeeded_VVD in_II focusing_VVG high-level_NN1 concerted_VVD regional_JJ attention_NN1 on_II some_DD key_JJ issues_NN2 in_II economic_JJ development_NN1 and_CC trade_NN1 policy_NN1 is_VBZ due_JJ largely_RR to_II the_AT tripartite_NN1 formula_NN1 that_CST brings_VVZ together_RL the_AT research_NN1 capability_NN1 of_IO academia_NN1 with_IW the_AT business_NN1 expertise_NN1 of_IO the_AT private_JJ sector_NN1 and_CC the_AT economic_JJ and_CC trade_NN1 policy_NN1 experience_NN1 of_IO officials_NN2 ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Regional_JJ Meeting_NN1 of_IO Senior_JJ Trade_NN1 Officials_NN2 (_( *"_" Hawke_NP1 Initiative_NN1 **"_" )_) *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Commencing_VVG in_II Denpasar_NP1 ,_, Indonesia_NP1 ,_, early_RR in_II 1984_MC ,_, a_AT1 series_NN of_IO meetings_NN2 of_IO senior_JJ trade_NN1 officials_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO countries_NN2 of_IO the_AT Western_NP1 Pacific_NP1 region_NN1 have_VH0 been_VBN held_VVN to_TO explore_VVI the_AT scope_NN1 for_IF cooperation_NN1 on_II multilateral_JJ trade_NN1 issues_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT process_NN1 was_VBDZ prompted_VVN by_II the_AT Australian_JJ Prime_JJ Minister_NN1 in_II a_AT1 speech_NN1 he_PPHS1 delivered_VVD in_II Thailand_NP1 in_II 1983_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II it_PPH1 he_PPHS1 foreshadowed_VVD the_AT possible_JJ need_NN1 ,_, should_VM attempts_NN2 to_TO secure_VVI major_JJ international_JJ trade_NN1 reforms_NN2 through_II joint_JJ action_NN1 of_IO {_NULL GATT_NP1 }_NULL Contracting_JJ Parties_NNJ2 fail_VV0 ,_, for_IF countries_NN2 of_IO the_AT region_NN1 to_TO establish_VVI a_AT1 programme_NN1 of_IO liberalisation_NN1 designed_VVD particularly_RR to_TO benefit_VVI the_AT countries_NN2 of_IO the_AT region_NN1 (_( though_CS liberalisation_NN1 would_VM be_VBI applied_VVN to_II all_DB trading_JJ partners_NN2 on_II an_AT1 {_NULL MFN_NP }_NULL basis_NN1 )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL As_II a_AT1 prior_JJ step_NN1 ,_, however_RR ,_, \_NULL Mr_NNB Hawke_NP1 suggested_VVD that_CST regional_JJ trade_NN1 officials_NN2 seek_VV0 to_TO reach_VVI agreement_NN1 on_II the_AT priorities_NN2 for_IF a_AT1 New_JJ {_NULL GATT_NP1 }_NULL Round_RP and_CC work_VV0 together_RL for_IF its_APPGE success_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II31 addition_II32 to_II33 Australia_NP1 and_CC New_NP Zealand_NP1 ,_, the_AT {_NULL ASEAN_JJ }_NULL countries_NN2 ,_, Japan_NP1 and_CC Korea_NP1 have_VH0 participated_VVN in_II the_AT meetings_NN2 held_VVD to_TO date_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL Even_RR this_DD1 short_JJ list_NN1 of_IO participants_NN2 includes_VVZ countries_NN2 that_CST are_VBR very_RG diverse_JJ in_II their_APPGE stages_NN2 of_IO economic_JJ development_NN1 and_CC their_APPGE major_JJ international_JJ trade_NN1 interests_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT earliest_JJT meetings_NN2 served_VVD to_TO accustom_VVI the_AT participants_NN2 to_II discussing_VVG the_AT scope_NN1 for_IF cooperation_NN1 and_CC to_TO highlight_VVI the_AT range_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE priorities_NN2 ,_, although_CS some_DD participants_NN2 were_VBDR still_RR somewhat_RR hesitant_JJ about_II the_AT benefit_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 New_JJ {_NULL GATT_NP1 }_NULL Round_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL By_II the_AT third_MD meeting_NN1 ,_, held_VVD late_RR in_II 1985_MC in_II Seoul_NP1 ,_, there_EX was_VBDZ a_AT1 consensus_NN1 on_II the_AT principle_NN1 of_IO mutual_JJ support_NN1 and_CC informal_JJ agreement_NN1 that_CST Geneva_NP1 representatives_NN2 of_IO the_AT participants_NN2 would_VM meet_VVI periodically_RR to_TO discuss_VVI their_APPGE approach_NN1 to_II the_AT proposed_JJ New_JJ Round_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL At_II the_AT latest_JJT meeting_NN1 in_II Manila_NP1 in_II September_NPM1 1986_MC ,_, the_AT countries_NN2 affirmed_VVD their_APPGE interest_NN1 in_II the_AT New_JJ Round_JJ and_CC pledged_VVD to_TO continue_VVI their_APPGE consultations_NN2 as_CSA it_PPH1 progressed_VVD ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL {_NULL ASEAN_JJ }_NULL Dialogue_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL While_CS {_NULL ASEAN_NN1 }_NULL '_" s_ZZ1 membership_NN is_VBZ limited_VVN to_II six_MC south-east_ND1 Asian_JJ nations_NN2 it_PPH1 has_VHZ established_VVN a_AT1 valuable_JJ dialogue_NN1 with_IW the_AT developed_JJ countries_NN2 of_IO the_AT Pacific_NP Basin_NNL1 (_( and_CC also_RR with_IW the_AT European_JJ Community_NN )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 dialogue_NN1 involves_VVZ periodic_JJ meetings_NN2 between_II {_NULL ASEAN_JJ }_NULL representatives_NN2 and_CC individual_JJ dialogue_NN1 partners_NN2 (_( including_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB in_RR21 addition_RR22 ,_, following_VVG an_AT1 annual_JJ meeting_NN1 of_IO {_NULL ASEAN_JJ }_NULL foreign_JJ ministers_NN2 ,_, they_PPHS2 hold_VV0 a_AT1 *"_" Post_NN1 Ministerial_JJ Conference_NNJ **"_" with_IW ministerial_JJ delegations_NN2 from_II all_DB the_AT dialogue_NN1 partners_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ a_AT1 joint_JJ session_NNT1 ,_, with_IW all_DB the_AT delegations_NN2 attending_VVG ,_, and_CC individual_JJ sessions_NNT2 with_IW each_DD1 partner_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT dialogue_NN1 encompasses_VVZ political_JJ and_CC broad_JJ economic_JJ issues_NN2 as_CC31 well_CC32 as_CC33 trade_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Like_II the_AT other_JJ groupings_NN2 mentioned_VVD above_RL ,_, it_PPH1 encourages_VVZ the_AT participants_NN2 to_TO identify_VVI common_JJ interests_NN2 and_CC to_TO view_VVI issues_NN2 from_II a_AT1 regional_JJ standpoint_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL The_AT Commonwealth_NNJ Dimension_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Membership_NN of_IO the_AT Commonwealth_NNJ ,_, shared_VVN by_II a_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO countries_NN2 in_II the_AT Asia_NP1 Pacific_NP1 region_NN1 ,_, adds_VVZ a_AT1 further_JJR strand_NN1 to_II the_AT fabric_NN1 of_IO mutual_JJ understanding_NN1 and_CC also_RR provides_VVZ a_AT1 link_NN1 between_II the_AT region_NN1 and_CC the_AT countries_NN2 of_IO South_NP Asia_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 has_VHZ helped_VVN encourage_VVI the_AT Commonwealth_NNJ as_II a_AT1 whole_NN1 to_TO focus_VVI on_II the_AT development_NN1 and_CC economic_JJ needs_NN2 of_IO the_AT region_NN1 and_CC ,_, with_IW the_AT cooperation_NN1 of_IO the_AT Commonwealth_NNJ Secretariat_NN ,_, a_AT1 Commonwealth_NNJ Regional_JJ Consultative_JJ Group_NNJ on_II Trade_NN1 (_( {_NULL CRCGT_NP }_NULL )_) has_VHZ met_VVN on_II a_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO occasions_NN2 to_TO consider_VVI regional_JJ trade_NN1 issues_NN2 and_CC projects_NN2 that_CST could_VM assist_VVI countries_NN2 in_II the_AT region_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Business_NN1 Councils_NNJ2 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Finally_RR ,_, reference_NN1 should_VM be_VBI made_VVN to_II business_NN1 councils_NNJ2 which_DDQ bring_VV0 New_NP Zealand_NP1 private_JJ sector_NN1 representatives_NN2 together_II21 with_II22 their_APPGE counterparts_NN2 in_II several_DA2 individual_JJ countries_NN2 in_II the_AT region_NN1 and_CC which_DDQ may_VM consider_VVI specific_JJ possibilities_NN2 for_IF developing_VVG bilateral_JJ trade_NN1 as_CC31 well_CC32 as_CC33 more_RGR general_JJ issues_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL These_DD2 usefully_RR complement_VV0 intergovernmental_JJ meetings_NN2 and_CC the_AT participants_NN2 are_VBR frequently_RR able_JK to_TO provide_VVI valuable_JJ briefing_NN1 and_CC advice_NN1 to_II their_APPGE Governments_NNJ2 ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Promoting_VVG Mutual_JJ Support_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT dialogue_NN1 and_CC consultation_NN1 that_CST has_VHZ developed_VVN in_II the_AT region_NN1 has_VHZ undoubtedly_RR increased_VVN mutual_JJ understanding_NN1 among_II those_DD2 participating_VVG ._. ^ ^_NULL By_II promoting_VVG an_AT1 awareness_NN1 of_IO shared_JJ interests_NN2 it_PPH1 contributes_VVZ to_II regional_JJ security_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL As_CSA mutual_JJ understanding_NN1 grows_VVZ so_RR does_VDZ an_AT1 acceptance_NN1 of_IO the_AT principle_NN1 of_IO mutual_JJ support_NN1 in_II wider_JJR issues_NN2 (_( as_CSA mentioned_VVN above_RL in_II the_AT discussion_NN1 of_IO the_AT Hawke_NP1 initiative_NN1 )_) ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Increased_VVN mutual_JJ understanding_NN1 should_VM encourage_VVI individual_JJ countries_NN2 in_II the_AT region_NN1 to_TO consider_VVI the_AT interests_NN2 of_IO regional_JJ partners_NN2 in_II the_AT process_NN1 of_IO economic_JJ policy-making_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ ,_, of_RR21 course_RR22 ,_, a_AT1 long_JJ way_NN1 from_II the_AT level_NN1 of_IO dialogue_NN1 and_CC consultation_NN1 existing_VVG today_RT to_II substantial_JJ economic_JJ integration_NN1 of_IO the_AT kind_NN1 seen_VVN ,_, for_REX21 instance_REX22 ,_, in_II the_AT European_JJ Common_NNL1 Market_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL That_DD1 stage_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX even_RR reached_VVN within_II the_AT limited_JJ membership_NN of_IO {_NULL ASEAN_NP1 }_NULL or_CC {_NULL CER_NN1 }_NULL ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB we_PPIS2 should_VM be_VBI reaching_VVG the_AT stage_NN1 where_RRQ a_AT1 country_NN1 in_II the_AT region_NN1 ,_, before_II taking_VVG some_DD major_JJ economic_JJ decision_NN1 ,_, would_VM ask_VVI itself_PPX1 if_CSW that_DD1 decision_NN1 would_VM be_VBI harmful_JJ to_II a_AT1 regional_JJ neighbour_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL If_CS the_AT answer_NN1 was_VBDZ affirmative_JJ ,_, the_AT next_MD questions_NN2 would_VM be_VBI whether_CSW that_DD1 decision_NN1 was_VBDZ really_RR in_II the_AT country_NN1 's_GE own_DA long-term_JJ interest_NN1 ;_; and_CC whether_CSW there_EX was_VBDZ not_XX an_AT1 alternative_NN1 that_CST made_VVD better_JJR use_NN1 of_IO the_AT economic_JJ resources_NN2 of_IO the_AT region_NN1 without_IW disadvantaging_VVG itself_PPX1 or_CC its_APPGE regional_JJ neighbours_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL An_AT1 example_NN1 will_VM illustrate_VVI the_AT point_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Successive_NP1 New_NP Zealand_NP1 Governments_NNJ2 have_VH0 received_VVN proposals_NN2 from_II groups_NN2 wishing_VVG to_TO establish_VVI beet-sugar_JJ industries_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT proponents_NN2 have_VH0 sought_VVN the_AT assurance_NN1 either_DD1 that_CST a_AT1 certain_JJ proportion_NN1 of_IO the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 sugar_NN1 market_NN1 would_VM be_VBI reserved_VVN for_IF domestic_JJ production_NN1 or_CC that_CST some_DD form_NN1 of_IO frontier_NN1 protection_NN1 would_VM be_VBI provided_VVN so_CS21 that_CS22 local_JJ production_NN1 would_VM not_XX have_VHI to_TO compete_VVI with_IW imports_NN2 below_II a_AT1 certain_JJ price_NN1 level_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX are_VBR ,_, however_RR ,_, many_DA2 efficient_JJ cane_NN1 sugar_NN1 producers_NN2 in_II the_AT region_NN1 ,_, including_II Australia_NP1 and_CC Fiji_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Accordingly_RR ,_, successive_JJ New_NP Zealand_NP1 Governments_NNJ2 have_VH0 always_RR declined_VVN to_TO promise_VVI such_DA protection_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL New_NP Zealand_NP1 's_GE total_JJ sugar_NN1 requirement_NN1 continues_VVZ to_TO be_VBI imported_VVN ,_, to_II the_AT benefit_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE Pacific_NP1 regional_JJ partners_NN2 ,_, while_CS resources_NN2 in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 are_VBR not_XX invested_VVN in_II a_AT1 crop_NN1 in_II which_DDQ we_PPIS2 would_VM not_XX enjoy_VVI comparative_JJ advantage_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL For_IF the_AT same_DA reason_NN1 New_NP Zealand_NP1 does_VDZ not_XX appear_VVI likely_JJ to_TO become_VVI a_AT1 significant_JJ producer_NN1 of_IO tea_NN1 or_CC rice_NN1 although_CS there_EX is_VBZ nothing_PN1 to_TO inhibit_VVI this_DD1 other_II21 than_II22 the_AT test_NN1 of_IO international_JJ competitiveness_NN1 and_CC commercial_JJ judgement_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL New_NP Zealand_NP1 considers_VVZ the_AT region_NN1 would_VM benefit_VVI if_CSW other_JJ countries_NN2 were_VBDR to_TO adopt_VVI the_AT same_DA criteria_NN2 of_IO optimising_VVG resource_NN1 utilisation_NN1 ,_, and_CC regard_NN1 for_IF interests_NN2 of_IO regional_JJ neighbours_NN2 will_VM influence_VVI decisions_NN2 of_IO other_JJ Pacific_NP Basin_NNL1 countries_NN2 when_RRQ they_PPHS2 consider_VV0 agricultural_JJ and_CC other_JJ economic_JJ development_NN1 policies_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT trend_NN1 to_II consultation_NN1 and_CC cooperation_NN1 on_II trade_NN1 matters_NN2 in_II the_AT Pacific_NP Basin_NNL1 is_VBZ beneficial_JJ and_CC should_VM be_VBI encouraged_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II time_NNT1 it_PPH1 might_VM lead_VVI to_II new_JJ formal_JJ links_NN2 or_CC institutions_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB this_DD1 prospect_NN1 has_VHZ to_TO be_VBI approached_VVN with_IW caution_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ complicated_VVN by_II the_AT great_JJ diversity_NN1 of_IO Pacific_NP Basin_NNL1 countries_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Existing_JJ participation_NN1 in_II the_AT different_JJ regional_JJ groupings_NN2 varies_VVZ ._. ^ ^_NULL Some_DD countries_NN2 may_VM choose_VVI not_XX to_TO attend_VVI because_II21 of_II22 different_JJ priorities_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Others_NN2 ,_, for_REX21 instance_REX22 some_DD of_IO the_AT Pacific_NP Island_NNL1 states_NN2 ,_, simply_RR do_VD0 not_XX have_VHI the_AT resources_NN2 to_TO participate_VVI actively_RR in_II wider_JJR Pacific_NP Basin_NNL1 activities_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Some_DD members_NN2 of_IO existing_JJ groupings_NN2 are_VBR apprehensive_JJ about_II extending_VVG membership_NN to_II certain_JJ other_JJ Pacific_NP Basin_NNL1 countries_NN2 whether_CSW because_II21 of_II22 major_JJ differences_NN2 in_II their_APPGE political_JJ or_CC economic_JJ systems_NN2 ,_, or_CC because_II21 of_II22 a_AT1 concern_NN1 that_CST the_AT economic_JJ strength_NN1 of_IO some_DD would_VM result_VVI in_II their_APPGE dominating_NN1 or_CC changing_VVG the_AT balance_NN1 of_IO the_AT grouping_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II promoting_VVG Pacific_NP Basin_NNL1 trade_NN1 and_CC economic_JJ cooperation_NN1 New_NP Zealand_NP1 has_VHZ to_TO recognise_VVI and_CC respect_NN1 the_AT different_JJ views_NN2 and_CC perspectives_NN2 of_IO its_APPGE various_JJ partners_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Progress_NN1 is_VBZ occurring_VVG ,_, but_CCB it_PPH1 requires_VVZ patience_NN1 and_CC realism_NN1 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 270+TEXT+H06_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL 7.1.5_MC **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Complainants_NN2 and_CC witnesses_NN2 need_VV0 to_TO wade_VVI their_APPGE way_NN1 through_II masses_NN2 of_IO defendants_NN2 and_CC their_APPGE associates_NN2 in_II witness_NN1 rooms_NN2 and_CC corridors_NN2 in_II the_AT court_NN1 building_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT complainant_NN1 or_CC witnesses_NN2 are_VBR subjected_VVN to_II antagonistic_JJ glances_NN2 ,_, gestures_NN2 ,_, aggressive_JJ stances_NN2 and_CC salutes_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ particularly_RR so_CS when_RRQ gang_NN1 members_NN2 are_VBR defendants_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 seems_VVZ a_AT1 tradition_NN1 that_CST as_RG many_DA2 gang_NN1 members_NN2 as_CSA possible_JJ crowd_NN the_AT court_NN1 to_TO lend_VVI support_NN1 or_CC encouragement_NN1 to_TO the_AT defendant_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Complainants_NP1 and_CC witnesses_NN2 should_VM not_XX be_VBI subjected_VVN to_II this_DD1 type_NN1 of_IO behaviour_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Separate_JJ facilities_NN2 must_VM be_VBI provided_VVN for_IF complainants_NN2 and_CC witnesses_NN2 ,_, away_II21 from_II22 defendants_NN2 and_CC associates_NN2 ,_, and_CC we_PPIS2 so_RR recommend_VV0 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL 7.1.6_MC **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL Gangs_NN2 use_VV0 intimidation_NN1 as_II a_AT1 means_NN of_IO preventing_VVG justice_NN1 from_II taking_VVG its_APPGE course_NN1 and_CC are_VBR able_JK to_TO achieve_VVI this_DD1 with_IW relative_JJ ease_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Their_APPGE strength_NN1 lies_VVZ in_II their_APPGE numbers_NN2 and_CC the_AT collective_JJ power_NN1 that_CST such_DA numbers_NN2 can_VM generate_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ now_RT almost_RR inevitable_JJ that_CST when_CS a_AT1 crime_NN1 is_VBZ committed_VVN by_II a_AT1 gang_NN1 member_NN1 and_CC an_AT1 arrest_NN1 follows_VVZ then_RT there_EX is_VBZ great_JJ difficulty_NN1 in_II obtaining_VVG the_AT co-operation_NN1 and_CC evidence_NN1 from_II witnesses_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 fear_VV0 retribution_NN1 and_CC this_DD1 is_VBZ becoming_VVG commonplace_JJ ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL 7.1.7_MC **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 has_VHZ become_VVN increasingly_RR necessary_JJ to_TO give_VVI witnesses_NN2 protection_NN1 to_TO ensure_VVI their_APPGE safety_NN1 and_CC welfare_NN1 in_BCL21 order_BCL22 that_CST they_PPHS2 can_VM give_VVI evidence_NN1 at_II a_AT1 Court_NN1 hearing_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Police_NN2 protection_NN1 is_VBZ necessary_JJ to_TO counter_VVI the_AT endeavours_NN2 of_IO the_AT criminal_JJ fraternity_NN1 to_TO thwart_VVI the_AT legitimate_JJ means_NN of_IO introducing_VVG that_DD1 witness_NN1 's_VBZ evidence_NN1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL 7.1.8_MC **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL The_AT criminal_JJ fraternity_NN1 has_VHZ the_AT influence_NN1 ,_, power_NN1 ,_, capability_NN1 and_CC resources_NN2 to_TO intimidate_VVI ,_, coerce_NN1 or_CC prevent_VV0 witnesses_NN2 either_RR from_II coming_VVG forward_RL or_CC actually_RR giving_VVG evidence_NN1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL 7.1.9_MC **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL This_DD1 trend_NN1 has_VHZ surfaced_VVN over_II the_AT last_MD ten_MC years_NNT2 and_CC especially_RR over_II the_AT last_MD five_MC *-_- so_RG much_DA1 so_CS21 that_CS22 a_AT1 special_JJ confidential_JJ Police_NN2 policy_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN designed_VVN and_CC put_VVN in_II place_NN1 to_TO deal_VVI with_IW a_AT1 whole_JJ host_NN1 of_IO complex_JJ issues_NN2 that_CST arise_VV0 when_RRQ a_AT1 witness_NN1 has_VHZ to_TO be_VBI protected_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ absolutely_RR clear_JJ that_CST when_CS witnesses_NN2 are_VBR in_II actual_JJ or_CC potential_JJ danger_NN1 or_CC members_NN2 of_IO their_APPGE family_NN are_VBR in_II actual_JJ or_CC potential_JJ danger_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ incumbent_JJ on_II the_AT Police_NN2 to_TO provide_VVI them_PPHO2 with_IW some_DD form_NN1 of_IO protection_NN1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL 7.1.10_MC **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL There_EX are_VBR new_JJ types_NN2 of_IO criminals_NN2 in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 have_VH0 access_NN1 to_II money_NN1 and_CC means_NN ,_, and_CC because_CS they_PPHS2 are_VBR professional_JJ criminals_NN2 with_IW a_AT1 good_JJ rapport_NN1 with_IW other_JJ like-minded_JJ individuals_NN2 ,_, they_PPHS2 have_VH0 the_AT ability_NN1 to_TO commit_VVI actual_JJ violence_NN1 ,_, intimidation_NN1 and_CC even_RR murder_VV0 *-_- that_DD1 is_VBZ the_AT reality_NN1 of_IO the_AT day_NNT1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL 7.1.11_MC **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL There_RL have_VH0 been_VBN cases_NN2 within_II the_AT last_MD five_MC years_NNT2 where_RRQ witness_NN1 protection_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN mounted_VVN on_II the_AT basis_NN1 that_CST the_AT potential_JJ witness_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX being_VBG protected_VVN from_II intimidation_NN1 but_CCB from_II death_NN1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL 7.1.12_MC **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL In_II the_AT last_MD three_MC years_NNT2 the_AT police_NN2 have_VH0 continually_RR had_VHN witnesses_NN2 under_II protection_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL These_DD2 operations_NN2 can_VM last_VVI from_II a_DD221 few_DD222 days_NNT2 prior_II21 to_II22 a_AT1 court_NN1 hearing_NN1 or_CC go_VV0 on_RP for_IF a_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO years_NNT2 for_IF more_RGR major_JJ operations_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT operation_NN1 does_VDZ n't_XX start_VVI and_CC end_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 court_NN1 hearing_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 can_VM start_VVI at_II the_AT early_JJ stages_NN2 of_IO an_AT1 initial_JJ investigation_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 crime_NN1 through_II the_AT trials_NN2 ,_, appeals_NN2 and_CC then_RT the_AT relocation_NN1 of_IO the_AT witness_NN1 at_II the_AT conclusion_NN1 of_IO the_AT judicial_JJ process_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT smallness_NN1 of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 compels_VVZ witnesses_VVZ to_TO be_VBI protected_VVN in_II outside_JJ districts_NN2 and_CC in_II some_DD cases_NN2 outside_II21 of_II22 the_AT country_NN1 *-_- at_II great_JJ cost_NN1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL 7.1.13_MC **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL One_MC1 recent_JJ witness_NN1 protection_NN1 operation_NN1 ran_VVD for_IF over_RG two_MC years_NNT2 ,_, requiring_VVG an_AT1 input_NN1 of_IO some_DD 8022_MC man_NN1 hours_NNT2 (_( the_AT equivalent_NN1 of_IO one_MC1 man_NN1 continually_RR employed_VVN for_IF 3.9_MC years_NNT2 )_) at_II a_AT1 cost_NN1 of_IO *+_NULL $37,000_NNU (_( this_DD1 cost_NN1 is_VBZ exclusive_JJ of_IO Police_NN2 salaries_NN2 )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL Witness_NN1 protection_NN1 operations_NN2 are_VBR extremely_RR complex_JJ ,_, demanding_VVG on_II resources_NN2 both_RR in_II time_NNT1 and_CC manpower_NN1 and_CC require_VV0 an_AT1 enormous_JJ financial_JJ input_NN1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL 7.1.14_MC **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL Witness_NN1 protection_NN1 operations_NN2 are_VBR now_RT a_AT1 significant_JJ aspect_NN1 of_IO police_NN2 work_VV0 which_DDQ was_VBDZ not_XX planned_VVN for_IF or_CC envisaged_VVD years_NNT2 ago_RA ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT present_JJ forecast_NN1 is_VBZ that_CST the_AT requirement_NN1 for_IF witness_NN1 protection_NN1 operations_NN2 will_VM significantly_RR increase_VVI ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL 7.1.15_MC **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL A_ZZ1 new_JJ trend_NN1 has_VHZ emerged_VVN which_DDQ is_VBZ a_AT1 follow-on_NN1 from_II witness_NN1 protection_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ the_AT need_NN1 to_TO protect_VVI juries_NNJ2 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ not_XX uncommon_JJ overseas_JJ but_CCB was_VBDZ necessary_JJ for_IF the_AT first_MD time_NNT1 in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 in_II Auckland_NP1 during_II this_DD1 year_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Because_II21 of_II22 threats_NN2 made_VVN to_II the_AT jury_NNJ ,_, a_ZZ1 Police_NN2 operation_NN1 was_VBDZ mounted_VVN to_TO provide_VVI security_NN1 and_CC protection_NN1 for_IF the_AT jury_NNJ ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ anticipated_VVN that_CST the_AT next_MD development_NN1 will_VM be_VBI operations_NN2 to_TO protect_VVI the_AT judiciary_NN1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL 7.1.16_MC **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL Attached_JJ as_CSA Appendix_NN1 *'_" D_ZZ1 **'_" are_VBR incidents_NN2 of_IO intimidation_NN1 from_II a_AT1 random_JJ survey_NN1 of_IO the_AT Northland_NP1 area_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Appendix_NN1 *'_" D1_FU **'_" is_VBZ a_AT1 further_JJR example_NN1 of_IO serious_JJ intimidation_NN1 which_DDQ occurred_VVD in_II a_AT1 recent_JJ homicide_NN1 case_NN1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL *<_NULL *7_NULL CHAPTER_NN1 EIGHT_MC *>_NULL ^ *<_NULL *0_NULL 8_MC *7_NULL OTHER_JJ MAJOR_JJ PROBLEMS_NN2 FACING_VVG SOCIETY_NN *>_NULL ^ *<_NULL *0_NULL 8.1_MC *6_NULL THE_AT YOUTH_NN OF_IO TODAY_RT *>_NULL ^ |_NULL *0_NULL 8.1.1_MC **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ a_AT1 fact_NN1 that_CST our_APPGE offenders_NN2 are_VBR not_XX only_RR getting_VVG younger_JJR but_CCB they_PPHS2 are_VBR increasing_VVG in_II number_NN1 and_CC their_APPGE behaviour_NN1 is_VBZ also_RR more_RGR violent_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Society_NNJ must_VM address_VVI the_AT problem_NN1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL 8.1.2_MC **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Children_NN2 and_CC Young_JJ Persons_NN2 Act_VV0 *-_- except_CS in_II cases_NN2 of_IO murder_NN1 and_CC manslaughter_NN1 ensures_VVZ that_CST nothing_PN1 in_II the_AT way_NN1 of_IO punishment_NN1 or_CC *'_" jolt_NN1 **'_" happens_VVZ to_II a_AT1 young_JJ offender_NN1 before_CS he_PPHS1 or_CC she_PPHS1 is_VBZ 14_MC years_NNT2 of_IO age_NN1 and_CC even_RR then_RT such_DA *'_" penalty_NN1 **'_" is_VBZ hardly_RR preventive_JJ ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL 8.1.3_MC **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL Even_CS21 if_CS22 the_AT under_RG 14_MC year_NNT1 old_JJ is_VBZ caught_VVN while_CS offending_VVG ,_, or_CC shortly_RR afterwards_RT ,_, he_PPHS1 soon_RR realises_VVZ that_CST nothing_PN1 will_VM happen_VVI to_II him_PPHO1 because_CS the_AT *'_" system_NN1 **'_" ensures_VVZ it_PPH1 ,_, and_CC again_RT as_CSA any_DD parent_NN1 would_VM realise_VVI ,_, even_RR very_RG young_JJ children_NN2 can_VM reason_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL These_DD2 offenders_NN2 now_RT boast_VV0 to_II police_NN2 ,_, even_RR in_II the_AT cells_NN2 for_IF detoxification_NN1 ,_, that_CST police_NN2 can_VM do_VDI nothing_PN1 with_IW them_PPHO2 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ most_RGT demoralising_JJ to_II Police_NN2 staff_NN who_PNQS endeavour_VV0 to_TO protect_VVI society_NN from_II these_DD2 young_JJ offenders_NN2 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL *<_NULL 8.2_MC *6_NULL UNSUPERVISED_JJ YOUNG_JJ PEOPLE_NN *>_NULL ^ |_NULL *0_NULL 8.2.1_MC **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL Hand_NN1 in_II hand_NN1 with_IW the_AT phenomenon_NN1 of_IO juvenile_JJ offending_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT problem_NN1 of_IO unsupervised_JJ young_JJ people_NN ,_, namely_REX street_NN1 kids_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL These_DD2 are_VBR children_NN2 who_PNQS for_IF various_JJ reasons_NN2 opt_VV0 not_XX to_TO stay_VVI at_II home_NN1 but_CCB instead_RR gather_VV0 in_II groups_NN2 ,_, sleep_NN1 out_RP ,_, avoid_VV0 school_NN1 and_CC generally_RR roam_VV0 the_AT locality_NN1 committing_VVG crime_NN1 to_TO sustain_VVI themselves_PPX2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Within_II the_AT group_NN situation_NN1 they_PPHS2 become_VV0 brazen_JJ and_CC despite_II their_APPGE youth_NN1 will_VM often_RR violently_RR attack_VVI persons_NN2 to_TO steal_VVI or_CC to_TO protect_VVI each_PPX221 other_PPX222 from_II apprehension_NN1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL 8.2.2_MC **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL The_AT appearance_NN1 of_IO *'_" street_NN1 kids_NN2 **'_" is_VBZ more_RGR prevalent_JJ over_II the_AT summer_NNT1 months_NNT2 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ a_AT1 strong_JJ feeling_NN1 among_II police_NN2 staff_VV0 that_DD1 firmer_JJR action_NN1 should_VM be_VBI taken_VVN to_TO remove_VVI such_DA children_NN2 from_II that_DD1 environment_NN1 if_CS their_APPGE parents_NN2 are_VBR unable_JJ or_CC unwilling_JJ to_TO control_VVI them_PPHO2 at_II home_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ evident_JJ that_CST social_JJ welfare_NN1 officers_NN2 are_VBR reluctant_JJ to_TO deprive_VVI parents_NN2 of_IO their_APPGE children_NN2 ,_, but_CCB it_PPH1 is_VBZ felt_VVN that_CST it_PPH1 is_VBZ in_II the_AT interests_NN2 of_IO the_AT community_NNJ as_II a_AT1 whole_NN1 that_CST children_NN2 who_PNQS run_VV0 wild_RR should_VM be_VBI placed_VVN in_II situations_NN2 where_RRQ controls_NN2 can_VM be_VBI imposed_VVN upon_II them_PPHO2 and_CC their_APPGE educational_JJ needs_NN2 satisfied_VVN ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL *<_NULL 8.3_MC *6_NULL STREET_NN1 OFFENCES_NN2 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL *0_NULL 8.3.1_MC **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL In_II recent_JJ years_NNT2 there_EX has_VHZ been_VBN increasing_VVG calls_NN2 for_IF the_AT removal_NN1 of_IO some_DD minor_JJ street_NN1 offences_NN2 from_II the_AT statute_NN1 books_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL These_DD2 calls_NN2 must_VM be_VBI resisted_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II dealing_VVG with_IW street_NN1 incidents_NN2 police_NN2 are_VBR increasingly_RR confronted_VVN with_IW situations_NN2 which_DDQ if_CS allowed_VVN to_TO continue_VVI would_VM result_VVI in_II violence_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ a_AT1 fact_NN1 that_CST this_DD1 type_NN1 of_IO conduct_NN1 is_VBZ often_RR the_AT catalyst_NN1 sparking_VVG off_II violent_JJ incidents_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL However_RR by_II the_AT early_JJ intervention_NN1 and_CC removal_NN1 of_IO participants_NN2 from_II the_AT street_NN1 ,_, the_AT danger_NN1 is_VBZ eliminated_VVN ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL *<_NULL 8.4_MC *6_NULL HOME_NN1 ENVIRONMENT_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL *0_NULL 8.4.1_MC **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL The_AT home_NN1 environment_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT place_NN1 where_RRQ any_DD child_NN1 is_VBZ first_MD exposed_VVD to_II the_AT influences_NN2 which_DDQ will_VM govern_VVI his_APPGE or_CC her_APPGE future_JJ behaviour_NN1 and_CC tendencies_NN2 towards_II violence_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 affects_VVZ their_APPGE ability_NN1 to_TO cope_VVI with_IW society_NN as_II a_AT1 whole_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Some_DD of_IO the_AT factors_NN2 which_DDQ will_VM have_VHI influence_NN1 on_II the_AT child_NN1 are_VBR :_: __NULL |_NULL (_( a_ZZ1 )_) Parents_NN2 '_GE acceptance_NN1 of_IO the_AT child_NN1 at_II birth_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL (_( b_ZZ1 )_) Lack_NN1 of_IO parental_JJ affection_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL (_( c_ZZ1 )_) Lack_NN1 of_IO parental_JJ training_NN1 or_CC skills_NN2 in_II dealing_VVG with_IW infants_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL (_( d_ZZ1 )_) Stress_NN1 within_II the_AT family_NN resulting_VVG from_II :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL __NULL |_NULL *-_- indadequate_JJ housing_NN1 ;_; |_NULL *-_- lack_NN1 of_IO finance_NN1 ;_; |_NULL *-_- unemployment_NN1 ;_; |_NULL *-_- necessity_NN1 for_IF both_DB2 parents_NN2 to_TO work_VVI ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL (_( e_ZZ1 )_) Alcoholic_JJ condition_NN1 of_IO parent(s)_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL (_( f_ZZ1 )_) Violence_NN1 or_CC conflict_NN1 between_II parents_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL (_( g_ZZ1 )_) Violence_NN1 between_II parent_NN1 and_CC child_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL (_( h_ZZ1 )_) No_AT clear_JJ guidelines_NN2 laid_VVD down_RP for_IF child_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL (_( i_ZZ1 )_) Parental_JJ attitude_NN1 towards_II authority_NN1 and_CC law_NN1 breaking_VVG ._. ^ |_NULL (_( j_ZZ1 )_) Broken_JJ marriages_NN2 and_CC single_JJ parenting_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL (_( k_ZZ1 )_) Multiple_JJ relationships_NN2 by_II parent_NN1 having_VHG custody_NN1 of_IO child_NN1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL 8.4.2_MC **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL These_DD2 factors_NN2 will_VM manifest_VVI themselves_PPX2 in_II the_AT child_NN1 by_II the_AT time_NNT1 he_PPHS1 or_CC she_PPHS1 reaches_VVZ school_NN1 age_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 may_VM result_VVI in_II children_NN2 who_PNQS have_VH0 :_: __NULL |_NULL (_( a_ZZ1 )_) Aggressive_JJ attitudes_NN2 towards_II teachers_NN2 and_CC fellow_JJ pupils_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL (_( b_ZZ1 )_) Disruptive_NP1 ,_, attention-seeking_JJ behaviour_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL (_( c_ZZ1 )_) Inability_NN1 to_TO relate_VVI to_II others_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL (_( d_ZZ1 )_) Lack_NN1 of_IO self_NN1 discipline_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL (_( e_ZZ1 )_) Lack_NN1 of_IO respect_NN1 for_IF persons_NN2 or_CC property_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL (_( f_ZZ1 )_) Lack_NN1 of_IO respect_NN1 for_IF authority_NN1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL 8.4.3_MC **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL If_CS the_AT home_NN1 environment_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN inadequate_JJ ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ now_RT the_AT teachers_NN2 who_PNQS must_VM face_VVI up_II21 to_II22 the_AT problem_NN1 which_DDQ confronts_VVZ them_PPHO2 ._. ^ ^_NULL If_CS they_PPHS2 fail_VV0 to_TO redirect_VVI and_CC properly_RR influence_VVI the_AT child_NN1 ,_, his_APPGE or_CC her_APPGE behaviour_NN1 pattern_NN1 will_VM be_VBI set_VVN for_IF the_AT future_NN1 and_CC it_PPH1 is_VBZ highly_RR unlikely_JJ that_CST he_PPHS1 or_CC she_PPHS1 will_VM respond_VVI to_II future_JJ authority_NN1 or_CC guidance_NN1 ,_, especially_RR once_RR adolescence_NN1 is_VBZ reached_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL Early_JJ influences_NN2 will_VM dictate_VVI the_AT propensity_NN1 for_IF the_AT child_NN1 to_TO use_VVI violence_NN1 or_CC take_VV0 part_NN1 in_II anti-social_JJ behaviour_NN1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL 8.4.4_MC **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL The_AT discipline_NN1 taught_VVN in_II school_NN1 has_VHZ a_AT1 very_RG important_JJ part_NN1 to_TO play_VVI in_II the_AT life_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 child_NN1 who_PNQS has_VHZ not_XX received_VVN correct_JJ parental_JJ guidance_NN1 at_II an_AT1 earlier_JJR stage_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Children_NN2 (_( and_CC in_II fact_NN1 everyone_PN1 )_) should_VM be_VBI taught_VVN to_TO accept_VVI responsibility_NN1 for_IF their_APPGE own_DA actions_NN2 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL 8.4.5_MC **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL Emphasis_NP1 must_VM be_VBI placed_VVN on_RP and_CC allowances_NN2 made_VVN for_IF the_AT slow_JJ ,_, the_AT backward_JJ ,_, the_AT late_JJ developer_NN1 ,_, the_AT child_NN1 at_II risk_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT non-achiever_VV0 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 should_VM not_XX be_VBI to_II the_AT detriment_NN1 of_IO the_AT child_NN1 who_PNQS is_VBZ able_JK to_TO cope_VVI ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL *<_NULL 8.5_MC *6_NULL DOMESTIC_JJ VIOLENCE_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL *0_NULL 8.5.1_MC **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL The_AT 1985_MC Crime_NN1 Statistics_NN show_NN1 a_ZZ1 3.2%_FO rise_NN1 in_II the_AT number_NN1 of_IO reported_JJ domestic_JJ disputes_NN2 attended_VVD by_II police_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II 1985_MC ,_, police_NN2 were_VBDR called_VVN to_II 18221_MC such_DA incidents_NN2 compared_VVN with_IW 17647_MC in_II 1984_MC ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL 8.5.2_MC **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL Violent_JJ domestic_NN1 disputes_VVZ most_RGT often_RR occur_VV0 between_II family_NN members_NN2 and_CC most_DAT of_IO the_AT domestic_JJ disputes_NN2 attended_VVD by_II the_AT Police_NN2 involve_VV0 violence_NN1 or_CC threats_NN2 of_IO violence_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II 1985_MC reported_VVD serious_JJ domestic_JJ assaults_NN2 under_II the_AT Crimes_NN2 Act_NN1 numbered_VVD 218_MC (_( 1984_MC *-_- 192_MC )_) although_CS minor_JJ domestic_JJ assaults_NN2 were_VBDR down_RP from_II 1725_MC in_II 1984_MC to_II 1527_MC for_IF 1985_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL As_CSA stated_VVN in_II Chapter_NN1 One_MC1 ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ estimated_VVN that_CST fewer_DAR than_CSN 3%_NNU of_IO all_DB domestic_JJ assaults_NN2 are_VBR actually_RR reported_VVN to_II the_AT police_NN2 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL 8.5.3_MC **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL Most_DAT women_NN2 reporting_VVG domestic_JJ violence_NN1 are_VBR living_VVG in_II an_AT1 unstable_JJ relationship_NN1 ;_; have_VH0 dependant_JJ children_NN2 ;_; are_VBR in_II the_AT lower_JJR socio-economic_JJ groups_NN2 and_CC do_VD0 n't_XX have_VHI support_NN1 from_II outside_II the_AT home_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Their_APPGE spouse_NN1 or_CC partners_NN2 are_VBR in_II low_JJ status_NN1 jobs_NN2 or_CC are_VBR unemployed_JJ and_CC consume_NN1 alcohol_NN1 on_II a_AT1 regular_JJ basis_NN1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL 8.5.4_MC **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL Ethnic_JJ differences_NN2 can_VM also_RR conceal_VVI violence_NN1 when_RRQ custom_NN1 dictates_VVZ that_CST an_AT1 outside_JJ authority_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX called_VVN on_II21 to_II22 mediate_NN1 even_CS21 when_CS22 there_EX is_VBZ considerable_JJ violence_NN1 involved_VVD ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL 8.5.5_MC **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ evident_JJ that_CST domestic_JJ violence_NN1 is_VBZ on_II the_AT increase_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Many_DA2 of_IO the_AT large_JJ number_NN1 of_IO homicides_NN2 arise_VV0 out_II21 of_II22 domestic_JJ situations_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II 1985_MC there_EX were_VBDR 25_MC homicides_NN2 involving_VVG domestic_JJ violence_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Section_NN1 5_MC of_IO the_AT Evidence_NN1 Act_NN1 1908_MC relating_VVG to_II competency_NN1 and_CC compellability_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 wife_NN1 against_II her_APPGE husband_NN1 (_( or_CC vice_RR21 versa_RR22 )_) needs_VVZ amending_VVG to_TO allow_VVI the_AT husband_NN1 or_CC wife_NN1 to_TO be_VBI competent_JJ and_CC compellable_JJ for_IF the_AT prosecution_NN1 in_II cases_NN2 of_IO murder_NN1 and_CC manslaughter_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO cases_NN2 can_VM be_VBI quoted_VVN when_RRQ a_AT1 wife_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN an_AT1 eye_NN1 witness_NN1 to_II a_AT1 murder_NN1 (_( in_II two_MC cases_NN2 ,_, of_IO her_APPGE children_NN2 and_CC in_II another_DD1 of_IO a_AT1 person_NN1 she_PPHS1 was_VBDZ having_VHG a_AT1 relationship_NN1 with_IW )_) ,_, yet_RR she_PPHS1 has_VHZ not_XX been_VBN able_JK to_TO give_VVI evidence_NN1 of_IO the_AT event_NN1 ,_, leaving_VVG a_AT1 totally_RR unrealistic_JJ case_NN1 to_TO present_VVI to_II the_AT Jury_NNJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Invariably_RR the_AT only_JJ version_NN1 the_AT Jury_NNJ hears_VVZ is_VBZ the_AT accused_JJ 's_GE and_CC this_DD1 is_VBZ usually_RR exculpatory_JJ or_CC self-serving_JJ and_CC mostly_RR appears_VVZ a_AT1 distortion_NN1 of_IO the_AT truth_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Hence_RR ,_, many_DA2 such_DA cases_NN2 return_VV0 a_AT1 manslaughter_NN1 verdict_NN1 whereas_CS the_AT actual_JJ evidence_NN1 available_JJ clearly_RR justifies_VVZ a_AT1 verdict_NN1 of_IO murder_NN1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL 8.5.6_MC **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL The_AT two_MC major_JJ ingredients_NN2 of_IO domestic_JJ disputes_NN2 are_VBR alcohol_NN1 and_CC jealousy_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL These_DD2 situations_NN2 will_VM continue_VVI to_TO get_VVI worse_JJR with_IW the_AT large_JJ number_NN1 of_IO broken_JJ marriages_NN2 ,_, an_AT1 increase_NN1 in_II de_JJ21 facto_JJ22 relationships_NN2 and_CC a_AT1 more_RGR relaxed_JJ moral_JJ code_NN1 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 271+TEXT+H07_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL *0_NULL 62_MC ^_NULL The_AT Maori_JJ community_NNJ had_VHD serious_JJ criticisms_NN2 of_IO the_AT Department_NNJ and_CC its_APPGE ability_NN1 to_TO deliver_VVI services_NN2 which_DDQ met_VVD their_APPGE needs_NN2 as_CSA consumers_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL While_CS criticism_NN1 varied_VVD from_II district_NN1 to_II district_NN1 ,_, and_CC some_DD districts_NN2 had_VHD made_VVN conspicuous_JJ efforts_NN2 to_TO meet_VVI the_AT needs_NN2 of_IO Maori_JJ clients_NN2 ,_, problems_NN2 were_VBDR aired_VVN in_II almost_RR every_AT1 district_NN1 we_PPIS2 visited_VVD ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL *"_" ..._... ^ *1_NULL when_RRQ people_NN come_VV0 into_II the_AT department_NNJ we_PPIS2 've_VH0 already_RR taken_VVN away_RP a_AT1 lot_NN of_IO their_APPGE respect_NN1 **"_" ._. ^ |_NULL *"_" ..._... ^ Social_JJ Welfare_NN1 offices_NN2 when_RRQ we_PPIS2 enter_VV0 makes_VVZ us_PPIO2 feel_VVI as_RG through_RP we_PPIS2 're_VBR criminals_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL That_DD1 's_VBZ for_RR21 sure_RR22 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT ones_NN2 we_PPIS2 've_VH0 got_VVN behind_II the_AT counters_NN2 one_MC1 look_NN1 at_II their_APPGE faces_NN2 tells_VVZ you_PPY ,_, dumb_JJ Maoris_NP2 coming_VVG in_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL Do_VD0 n't_XX know_VVI how_RRQ to_TO fill_VVI the_AT forms_NN2 **"_" ._. ^ |_NULL *"_" ..._... it_PPH1 's_VBZ a_AT1 pakeha_NP1 bureaucratic_JJ system_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 drives_VVZ the_AT average_JJ pakeha_NP1 woman_NN1 up_II the_AT wall_NN1 ,_, so_CS God_NP1 knows_VVZ what_DDQ it_PPH1 would_VM do_VDI for_CS a_AT1 Maori_JJ person_NN1 who_PNQS does_VDZ n't_XX know_VVI very_RG much_DA1 about_II the_AT pakeha_NP1 way_NN1 of_IO working_VVG **"_" ._. ^ |_NULL *"_" ^_NULL The_AT decision_NN1 and_CC policy_NN1 making_VVG power_NN1 and_CC control_NN1 is_VBZ concentrated_VVN in_II the_AT hands_NN2 of_IO a_DD221 few_DD222 who_PNQS are_VBR mainly_RR white_JJ ,_, middleclass_NN1 and_CC male_NN1 **"_" ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL *<_NULL The_AT Interface_NN1 with_IW the_AT Client_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL *0_NULL 63_MC ^_NULL People_NN felt_VVD the_AT Department_NNJ 's_GE offices_NN2 were_VBDR unwelcoming_VVG and_CC impersonal_JJ ,_, lacked_JJ privacy_NN1 and_CC adequate_JJ soundproofing_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Counters_NN2 were_VBDR seen_VVN as_CSA creating_VVG barriers_NN2 between_II *"_" them_PPHO2 **"_" and_CC *"_" us_PPIO2 **"_" and_CC children_NN2 were_VBDR not_XX catered_VVN for_IF in_II waiting_VVG rooms_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ obvious_JJ to_II us_PPIO2 that_CST offices_NN2 appeared_VVD to_TO work_VVI better_RRR and_CC were_VBDR closer_JJR to_TO the_AT people_NN they_PPHS2 served_VVD where_CS there_EX were_VBDR fewer_DAR than_CSN about_RG 150_MC staff_NN employed_VVD ._. ^ |_NULL 64_MC ^_NULL We_PPIS2 heard_VVD constantly_RR that_DD1 counter_NN1 staff_NN were_VBDR too_RG young_JJ ,_, inexperienced_JJ ,_, insensitive_JJ ,_, poorly_RR trained_VVN and_CC judgmental_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL People_NN were_VBDR frustrated_VVN by_II having_VHG to_TO deal_VVI with_IW staff_NN who_PNQS did_VDD not_XX know_VVI sufficient_JJ about_II entitlement_NN1 conditions_NN2 for_IF the_AT appropriate_JJ benefits_NN2 ,_, seemed_VVD unaware_JJ of_IO the_AT trauma_NN1 some_DD of_IO the_AT clients_NN2 might_VM be_VBI in_RP ,_, and_CC were_VBDR ignorant_JJ of_IO Maori_JJ view_NN1 points_NN2 or_CC values_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL 65_MC ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ suggested_VVN that_DD1 training_NN1 programmes_NN2 should_VM be_VBI designed_VVN to_TO raise_VVI the_AT level_NN1 of_IO awareness_NN1 of_IO Maori_JJ culture_NN1 and_CC should_VM also_RR incorporate_VVI training_VVG in_II personal_JJ skills_NN2 and_CC some_DD knowledge_NN1 of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 history_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 compelling_JJ need_NN1 was_VBDZ for_IF front-line_JJ staff_NN to_TO be_VBI fully_RR aware_JJ of_IO the_AT range_NN1 of_IO assistance_NN1 available_JJ and_CC to_TO have_VHI the_AT authority_NN1 to_TO make_VVI decisions_NN2 and_CC give_VVI authoritative_JJ advice_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL 66_MC ^_NULL One_MC1 of_IO the_AT major_JJ criticisms_NN2 of_IO the_AT Department_NNJ concerned_VVD the_AT numbers_NN2 of_IO Maori_JJ people_NN employed_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL People_NN believed_VVD that_CST more_RGR Maori_JJ people_NN ,_, particularly_RR mature_JJ people_NN well_RR grounded_VVD in_II both_DB2 Maori_JJ and_CC Pakeha_NP1 lifestyles_NN2 were_VBDR needed_VVN in_II both_DB2 the_AT front_JJ line_NN1 and_CC as_CSA decision_NN1 makers_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Maori_JJ staff_NN often_RR complained_VVD that_CST they_PPHS2 were_VBDR used_VVN as_II window_NN1 dressing_VVG and_CC expected_VVN to_TO share_VVI the_AT knowledge_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE culture_NN1 whenever_RRQV required_JJ without_IW having_VHG this_DD1 knowledge_NN1 recognised_VVN as_II a_AT1 work-related_JJ skill_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL 67_MC ^_NULL Because_II21 of_II22 the_AT insistence_NN1 on_II academic_JJ qualifications_NN2 for_IF many_DA2 positions_NN2 in_II the_AT Department_NNJ ,_, Maori_JJ people_NN saw_VVD this_DD1 as_RG effectively_RR locking_VVG the_AT gate_NN1 against_II Maori_JJ applicants_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL People_NN asked_VVN for_IF qualifications_NN2 to_TO be_VBI interpreted_VVN broadly_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL Life_NN1 experience_NN1 ,_, fluency_NN1 in_II Maori_JJ language_NN1 and_CC ability_NN1 to_TO relate_VVI to_II another_DD1 cultural_JJ group_NN should_VM be_VBI qualifications_NN2 for_IF certain_JJ positions_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL These_DD2 skills_NN2 should_VM be_VBI recognised_VVN in_II classification_NN1 ,_, salary_NN1 and_CC grading_VVG ._. ^ |_NULL 68_MC ^_NULL We_PPIS2 were_VBDR also_RR told_VVN that_CST there_EX is_VBZ a_AT1 need_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 substantial_JJ review_NN1 to_TO assess_VVI the_AT relevance_NN1 of_IO the_AT academic_JJ approach_NN1 in_II social_JJ work_NN1 to_II the_AT needs_NN2 of_IO the_AT Department_NNJ 's_GE clients_NN2 and_CC that_CST it_PPH1 should_VM be_VBI aimed_VVN at_II making_VVG the_AT academic_JJ environment_NN1 more_RGR hospitable_JJ to_II the_AT sorts_NN2 of_IO qualities_NN2 we_PPIS2 were_VBDR advised_VVN as_CSA being_VBG desirable_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL 69_MC ^_NULL People_NN asked_VVN for_IF more_DAR information_NN1 about_II entitlements_NN2 and_CC services_NN2 ,_, written_VVN in_II language_NN1 easily_RR understood_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 also_RR asked_VVD for_IF more_RGR Maori_JJ speakers_NN2 at_II the_AT interface_NN1 to_TO explain_VVI services_NN2 to_II them_PPHO2 and_CC for_IF people_NN to_TO be_VBI employed_VVN to_TO help_VVI with_IW form_NN1 filling_VVG and_CC to_TO put_VVI clients_NN2 at_II ease_NN1 in_II unfamiliar_JJ surroundings_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ pointed_VVN out_RP by_II many_DA2 that_CST forms_NN2 were_VBDR too_RG complicated_JJ and_CC that_CST it_PPH1 would_VM be_VBI helpful_JJ if_CSW documents_NN2 were_VBDR also_RR presented_VVN in_II Maori_NP1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *1_NULL Social_JJ Work_NN1 *>_NULL ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL *"_" ^_NULL The_AT social_JJ work_NN1 education_NN1 system_NN1 of_IO residential_JJ child_NN1 care_NN1 work_NN1 which_DDQ was_VBDZ imposed_VVN on_II the_AT Maori_JJ people_NN was_VBDZ based_VVN on_II the_AT arrogant_JJ assumption_NN1 that_CST the_AT culture_NN1 of_IO the_AT Pakeha_NP1 coloniser_NN1 was_VBDZ far_RR superior_JJ and_CC preferable_JJ to_II the_AT Maori_JJ and_CC other_JJ Polynesian_JJ life_NN1 style_NN1 ._. **"_" ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL *0_NULL 70_MC ^_NULL In_II the_AT area_NN1 of_IO social_JJ work_NN1 ,_, there_EX were_VBDR many_DA2 calls_NN2 for_IF Maori_JJ people_NN to_TO do_VDI the_AT work_NN1 of_IO the_AT *"_" professional_JJ **"_" workers_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Whereas_CS community_NNJ workers_NN2 saw_VVD themselves_PPX2 as_CSA being_VBG on_II call_NN1 24_MC hours_NNT2 a_AT1 day_NNT1 ,_, social_JJ workers_NN2 were_VBDR seen_VVN by_II some_DD to_TO work_VVI for_IF only_RR the_AT prescribed_JJ hours_NNT2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT complaint_NN1 was_VBDZ strong_JJ that_CST valuable_JJ skills_NN2 were_VBDR often_RR used_VVN but_CCB not_XX paid_VVN for_IF when_RRQ volunteers_NN2 or_CC community_NNJ workers_NN2 were_VBDR used_VVN as_II a_AT1 cultural_JJ resource_NN1 for_IF dealing_VVG with_IW Maori_JJ people_NN ._. ^ |_NULL 71_MC ^_NULL The_AT emphasis_NN1 on_II the_AT professionalism_NN1 of_IO social_JJ workers_NN2 and_CC their_APPGE academic_JJ training_NN1 was_VBDZ seen_VVN as_CSA discriminating_JJ against_II Maori_JJ people_NN who_PNQS were_VBDR often_RR qualified_VVN by_II life_NN1 and_CC culture_NN1 to_TO do_VDI the_AT work_NN1 more_RGR effectively_RR ._. ^ |_NULL 72_MC ^_NULL Maori_JJ people_NN complained_VVD that_CST social_JJ work_NN1 practices_NN2 in_II31 regard_II32 to_II33 court_NN1 procedures_NN2 ,_, adoption_NN1 and_CC family_NN case_NN1 work_NN1 contributed_VVD to_II the_AT breaking_VVG down_RP of_IO the_AT whanau_NN1 system_NN1 and_CC the_AT traditional_JJ tribal_JJ responsibilities_NN2 of_IO the_AT Maori_JJ lifestyle_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL 73_MC ^_NULL Departmental_JJ foster_JJ care_NN1 was_VBDZ frequently_RR seen_VVN as_CSA insisting_VVG on_RP unrealistically_RR high_JJ standards_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 often_RR resulted_VVD in_II children_NN2 becoming_VVG dissatisfied_VVN with_IW their_APPGE own_DA homes_NN2 which_DDQ could_VM not_XX provide_VVI the_AT material_NN1 and_CC recreational_JJ standards_NN2 to_II which_DDQ they_PPHS2 had_VHD become_VVN accustomed_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL 74_MC ^_NULL The_AT area_NN1 of_IO fostering_NN1 and_CC adoption_NN1 and_CC the_AT practice_NN1 of_IO confidentiality_NN1 caused_VVD considerable_JJ concern_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 not_XX only_RR denied_VVD the_AT extended_JJ family_NN its_APPGE traditional_JJ rights_NN2 but_CCB often_RR resulted_VVD in_II a_AT1 child_NN1 being_VBG placed_VVN without_IW any_DD information_NN1 about_II tribal_JJ identity_NN1 being_VBG available_JJ for_IF proper_JJ consideration_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ also_RR stated_VVN that_CST adoptive_JJ and_CC foster_JJ parents_NN2 were_VBDR selected_VVN on_II the_AT Pakeha_NP1 basis_NN1 of_IO material_NN1 values_NN2 ,_, while_CS the_AT ability_NN1 of_IO Maori_JJ applicants_NN2 to_TO bring_VVI up_RP a_AT1 child_NN1 in_II its_APPGE own_DA whanau_NN1 ,_, surrounded_VVN by_II tribal_JJ aroha_NN1 ,_, was_VBDZ ignored_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL 75_MC ^_NULL The_AT Maatua_NP1 Whangai_NP1 programme_NN1 received_VVD a_AT1 great_JJ deal_NN1 of_IO attention_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT claims_NN2 were_VBDR that_CST the_AT programme_NN1 is_VBZ under-resourced_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 deal_VV0 with_IW Maatua_NP1 Whangai_NP1 later_RRR on_RP ,_, but_CCB simply_RR record_VV0 the_AT fact_NN1 that_CST great_JJ things_NN2 are_VBR expected_VVN of_IO the_AT programme_NN1 by_II the_AT Maori_JJ people_NN ._. ^ *<_NULL *1_NULL Rural_JJ Services_NN2 *>_NULL ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL *"_" ^_NULL That_DD1 's_VBZ all_DB I_PPIS1 have_VH0 stood_VVN up_RP to_TO say_VVI *-_- what_DDQ is_VBZ happening_VVG out_RP in_II the_AT rural_JJ areas_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 'll_VM put_VVI it_PPH1 to_II you_PPY ,_, that_CST there_EX should_VM be_VBI some_DD changes_NN2 there_RL ,_, to_TO take_VVI into_II consideration_NN1 what_DDQ difficulties_NN2 people_NN in_II rural_JJ areas_NN2 are_VBR going_VVG through_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL Especially_RR when_CS they_PPHS2 have_VH0 to_TO report_VVI in_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT distance_NN1 involved_JJ in_II travelling_VVG to_TO sort_VVI out_RP these_DD2 matters_NN2 before_CS they_PPHS2 are_VBR able_JK to_TO get_VVI any_DD money_NN1 to_TO get_VVI groceries_NN2 and_CC things_NN2 that_CST are_VBR necessary_JJ to_TO live_VVI ._. **"_" ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL *0_NULL 76_MC ^_NULL In_II small_JJ areas_NN2 ,_, for_REX21 example_REX22 Ruatoria_NP1 ,_, Te_AT Kaha_NP1 ,_, Kaitaia_NP1 and_CC the_AT West_NP Coast_NP1 (_( South_NP Island_NP1 )_) ,_, people_NN spoke_VVD of_IO the_AT costs_NN2 of_IO travelling_NN1 and_CC making_VVG telephone_NN1 calls_VVZ to_TO apply_VVI for_IF benefits_NN2 or_CC to_TO make_VVI inquiries_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II some_DD cases_NN2 ,_, the_AT cost_NN1 of_IO travel_NN1 could_VM almost_RR equal_JJ the_AT payment_NN1 received_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT requests_NN2 were_VBDR for_IF more_RGR regular_JJ servicing_JJ visits_NN2 ,_, or_CC for_IF local_JJ agents_NN2 to_TO be_VBI appointed_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT services_NN2 most_RRT required_VVN locally_RR were_VBDR the_AT payment_NN1 of_IO benefits_NN2 and_CC pensions_NN2 ,_, and_CC social_JJ workers_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL People_NN also_RR asked_VVN for_IF free_JJ toll_NN1 calls_VVZ to_TO inquire_VVI about_II benefits_NN2 and_CC pensions_NN2 to_TO prevent_VVI the_AT high_JJ charges_NN2 incurred_VVD while_CS Department_NNJ staff_NN located_VVD files_NN2 and_CC obtained_VVN decisions_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Generally_RR ,_, rural_JJ clients_NN2 felt_VVD they_PPHS2 were_VBDR disadvantaged_VVN compared_VVN with_IW urban_JJ people_NN ._. ^ *<_NULL *6_NULL PART_NN1 *=_NULL III_MC *-_- OUR_APPGE CONCLUSIONS_NN2 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL *0_NULL 77_MC ^_NULL A_ZZ1 principal_JJ consumer_NN1 of_IO the_AT Department_NNJ of_IO Social_JJ Welfare_NN1 is_VBZ Maori_JJ **[_NULL sic_RR **]_NULL ;_; not_XX on_II basis_NN1 of_IO population_NN1 but_CCB on_II the_AT basis_NN1 that_CST the_AT operation_NN1 of_IO history_NN1 has_VHZ made_VVN Maori_JJ people_NN dependent_JJ on_II the_AT welfare_NN1 system_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Committee_NNJ views_VVZ this_DD1 as_II a_AT1 negative_JJ achievement_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Its_APPGE recommendations_NN2 therefore_RR will_VM deal_VVI with_IW proposals_NN2 for_IF positive_JJ achievement_NN1 ,_, both_RR in_II short-term_JJ initiatives_NN2 and_CC long-term_JJ strategy_NN1 for_IF re-building_VVG the_AT basis_NN1 of_IO independent_JJ Maori_JJ society_NN ._. ^ |_NULL 78_MC ^_NULL As_CSA we_PPIS2 travelled_VVD around_II the_AT country_NN1 ,_, the_AT most_RGT consistent_JJ call_NN1 we_PPIS2 heard_VVD was_VBDZ for_IF Maori_JJ people_NN to_TO be_VBI given_VVN the_AT resources_NN2 to_TO control_VVI their_APPGE own_DA programmes_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 have_VH0 responded_VVN to_II this_DD1 in_II ways_NN2 that_CST do_VD0 not_XX discriminate_VVI against_II people_NN of_IO any_DD culture_NN1 while_CS enabling_VVG Maori_JJ people_NN to_TO share_VVI and_CC to_TO control_VVI where_RRQ applicable_JJ the_AT allocation_NN1 of_IO resources_NN2 in_II communities_NNJ2 ._. ^ |_NULL 79_MC ^_NULL We_PPIS2 believe_VV0 that_DD1 ,_, in_II reporting_VVG on_II a_AT1 Maori_JJ perspective_NN1 for_IF the_AT Department_NNJ of_IO Social_JJ Welfare_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 are_VBR in_II fact_NN1 reporting_VVG on_II needs_NN2 which_DDQ impact_VV0 on_II all_DB Government_NNJ departments_NNJ2 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 main_JJ thrust_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE report_NN1 is_VBZ therefore_RR to_TO do_VDI with_IW co-ordination_NN1 of_IO resources_NN2 among_II departments_NNJ2 and_CC the_AT transference_NN1 of_IO authority_NN1 over_II the_AT use_NN1 of_IO those_DD2 resources_NN2 closer_RRR to_II the_AT consumer_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL 80_MC ^_NULL Our_APPGE recommendations_NN2 are_VBR based_VVN on_II the_AT expectation_NN1 that_CST Maori_JJ people_NN will_VM respond_VVI by_II participating_VVG in_II the_AT strengthening_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE tribal_JJ networks_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 believe_VV0 that_CST our_APPGE recommendations_NN2 will_VM assist_VVI and_CC encourage_VVI the_AT re-emergence_NN1 of_IO Maori_JJ management_NN systems_NN2 with_IW their_APPGE special_JJ blending_NN1 of_IO spiritual_JJ and_CC pragmatic_JJ values_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 also_RR believe_VV0 the_AT co-ordination_NN1 of_IO Maori_NP1 and_CC non-Maori_JJ systems_NN2 offers_VVZ an_AT1 opportunity_NN1 for_IF this_DD1 country_NN1 to_TO develop_VVI a_AT1 unique_JJ social_JJ service_NN1 delivery_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL 81_MC ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ our_APPGE view_NN1 that_CST the_AT presence_NN1 of_IO racism_NN1 in_II the_AT Department_NNJ is_VBZ a_AT1 reflection_NN1 of_IO racism_NN1 which_DDQ exists_VVZ generally_RR within_II the_AT community_NNJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Institutional_JJ racism_NN1 exists_VVZ within_II the_AT Department_NNJ as_CSA it_PPH1 does_VDZ generally_RR through_II our_APPGE national_JJ institutional_JJ structures_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Its_APPGE effects_NN2 in_II this_DD1 case_NN1 are_VBR monocultural_JJ laws_NN2 and_CC administration_NN in_II child_NN1 and_CC family_NN welfare_NN1 ,_, social_JJ security_NN1 or_CC other_JJ departmental_JJ responsibilities_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Whether_CSW31 or_CSW32 not_CSW33 intended_VVN ,_, it_PPH1 gives_VVZ rise_NN1 to_II practices_NN2 which_DDQ are_VBR discriminatory_JJ against_II Maori_JJ people_NN ._. ^ *<_NULL *6_NULL CAPABILITY_NN1 OF_IO DEPARTMENT_NNJ *>_NULL ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL *"_" ^_NULL *1_NULL I_PPIS1 see_VV0 it_PPH1 as_II a_AT1 department_NNJ speaking_VVG from_II a_AT1 level_NN1 above_II the_AT people_NN ,_, not_XX able_JJ to_TO reach_VVI down_RP to_II the_AT grass_NN1 roots_NN2 ,_, where_CS the_AT people_NN are_VBR at_II ._. ^ ^_NULL If_CS you_PPY can_VM not_XX come_VVI down_RP to_II the_AT people_NN how_RRQ can_VM you_PPY help_VVI them_PPHO2 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 would_VM like_VVI to_TO suggest_VVI that_CST the_AT department_NNJ open_VV0 up_RP its_APPGE corridors_NN2 to_II the_AT Maori_JJ people_NN ._. **"_" ^ |_NULL *"_" ^_NULL This_DD1 hui_VVZ was_VBDZ to_TO discuss_VVI a_AT1 Maori_JJ perspective_NN1 for_IF Social_JJ Welfare_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL When_CS we_PPIS2 had_VHD the_AT panui_NN2 for_IF this_DD1 hui_VVZ ,_, got_VVD very_RG cynical_JJ about_II it_PPH1 ,_, got_VVD very_JJ hoha_NN1 about_II it_PPH1 because_CS it_PPH1 is_VBZ filling_VVG our_APPGE guts_NN2 and_CC telling_VVG our_APPGE concerns_NN2 to_II deaf_JJ ears_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL People_NN do_VD0 n't_XX listen_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 sit_VV0 in_II there_RL with_IW people_NN and_CC I_PPIS1 'm_VBM telling_VVG them_PPHO2 what_DDQ it_PPH1 's_VBZ like_JJ for_IF a_AT1 Maori_JJ kid_NN1 ,_, they_PPHS2 do_VD0 n't_XX understand_VVI ,_, they_PPHS2 do_VD0 n't_XX believe_VVI me_PPIO1 ._. ^ ^_NULL That_DD1 's_VBZ institutionalised_JJ racialism_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL What_DDQ is_VBZ racism_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 's_VBZ prejudice_NN1 ,_, inaction_NN1 ._. **"_" ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL *0_NULL 82_MC ^_NULL We_PPIS2 were_VBDR asked_VVN to_TO assess_VVI the_AT current_JJ capability_NN1 of_IO the_AT Department_NNJ in_II31 relation_II32 to_II33 the_AT declared_JJ goal_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Taking_VVG into_II account_NN1 all_DB that_CST we_PPIS2 heard_VVD and_CC our_APPGE own_DA observations_NN2 and_CC impressions_NN2 ,_, the_AT inescapable_JJ conclusion_NN1 of_IO the_AT Committee_NNJ is_VBZ that_CST the_AT Department_NNJ of_IO Social_JJ Welfare_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX capable_JJ of_IO meeting_VVG the_AT goal_NN1 without_IW major_JJ changes_NN2 in_II its_APPGE policy_NN1 ,_, planning_VVG and_CC service_NN1 delivery_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 expect_VV0 ,_, however_RR ,_, that_CST its_APPGE capability_NN1 to_TO make_VVI the_AT necessary_JJ changes_NN2 will_VM be_VBI greatly_RR enhanced_VVN by_II the_AT initiatives_NN2 advanced_VVN in_II the_AT recommendations_NN2 of_IO this_DD1 Committee_NNJ ._. ^ |_NULL 83_MC ^_NULL The_AT Committee_NNJ finds_VVZ that_CST the_AT staff_NN in_RR21 general_RR22 are_VBR dedicated_JJ people_NN ,_, committed_VVD to_II working_VVG for_IF the_AT welfare_NN1 aims_NN2 of_IO the_AT Department_NNJ ._. ^ ^_NULL However_RR ,_, they_PPHS2 have_VH0 lacked_VVN the_AT leadership_NN1 and_CC understanding_VVG to_TO relate_VVI sensitively_RR to_II their_APPGE Maori_JJ clients_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL 84_MC ^_NULL The_AT Committee_NNJ regards_NN2 change_VV0 within_II the_AT Department_NNJ as_CSA essential_JJ if_CSW the_AT kinds_NN2 of_IO problems_NN2 identified_VVD to_II us_PPIO2 by_II Maori_JJ people_NN are_VBR to_TO be_VBI overcome_VVN and_CC if_CSW the_AT Department_NNJ is_VBZ to_TO relate_VVI to_II their_APPGE specific_JJ needs_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL 85_MC ^_NULL The_AT Department_NNJ is_VBZ in_II the_AT process_NN1 of_IO changes_NN2 designed_VVD to_TO bring_VVI decision_NN1 making_VVG and_CC supportive_JJ mechanisms_NN2 closer_RRR to_II the_AT people_NN it_PPH1 serves_VVZ ._. ^ ^_NULL Our_APPGE recommendations_NN2 can_VM therefore_RR be_VBI accommodated_VVN more_RGR quickly_RR than_CSN might_VM otherwise_RR have_VHI been_VBN possible_JJ ._. ^ *<_NULL *6_NULL GUIDING_VVG PRINCIPLES_NN2 AND_CC OBJECTIVES_NN2 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL *0_NULL 86_MC ^_NULL The_AT Department_NNJ has_VHZ developed_VVN a_AT1 Management_NN Plan_VV0 which_DDQ includes_VVZ in_II its_APPGE statement_NN1 of_IO goals_NN2 the_AT following_JJ :_: *-_- |_NULL *"_" ^_NULL *1_NULL To_TO meet_VVI the_AT particular_JJ needs_NN2 of_IO Maori_JJ people_NN in_II policy_NN1 ,_, planning_VVG and_CC service_NN1 delivery_NN1 while_CS giving_VVG due_JJ attention_NN1 to_II the_AT needs_NN2 of_IO other_JJ ethnic_JJ minority_NN1 groups_NN2 ._. **"_" ^ |_NULL *0_NULL 87_MC ^_NULL The_AT Committee_NNJ endorses_VVZ the_AT above_JJ ,_, as_II a_AT1 start_NN1 for_IF the_AT Department_NNJ ,_, as_II a_AT1 bi-cultural_JJ approach_NN1 in_II a_AT1 way_NN1 that_CST does_VDZ not_XX offend_VVI other_JJ cultural_JJ groups_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL 88_MC ^_NULL But_II21 for_II22 clients_NN2 and_CC staff_NN ,_, the_AT Department_NNJ requires_VVZ a_AT1 statement_NN1 of_IO guiding_VVG principles_NN2 and_CC goals_NN2 that_CST specifically_RR exclude_VV0 any_DD racist_NN1 interpretation_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT wording_NN1 of_IO the_AT new_JJ objective_NN1 below_RL explains_VVZ racism_NN1 very_RG clearly_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 believe_VV0 that_CST by_II leaving_VVG it_PPH1 in_II no_AT doubt_NN1 what_DDQ is_VBZ meant_VVN by_II racism_NN1 ,_, the_AT dangers_NN2 of_IO cultural_JJ and_CC institutional_JJ racism_NN1 occurring_VVG in_II the_AT Department_NNJ will_VM be_VBI minimised_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL 89_MC ^_NULL During_II our_APPGE deliberations_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 thought_VVD much_RR about_II racism_NN1 as_CSA it_PPH1 affects_VVZ New_NP Zealand_NP1 society_NN ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 272+TEXT+H08_FO **]_NULL ^ *0_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ noted_VVN in_II section_NN1 4_MC that_CST ,_, *1_NULL per_II charge_NN1 ,_, *0_NULL Maori_JJ offenders_NN2 were_VBDR less_RGR likely_JJ to_TO receive_VVI financial_JJ penalties_NN2 including_II reparation_NN1 ;_; 8%_NNU of_IO charges_NN2 involving_VVG Maori_JJ offenders_NN2 received_VVD reparation_NN1 compared_VVN with_IW 10%_NNU of_IO charges_NN2 involving_VVG non-Maori_JJ offenders_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL However_RRQV a_AT1 comparison_NN1 of_IO offender_NN1 's_VBZ ethnicity_NN1 per_II case_NN1 shows_VVZ that_CST Maori_JJ offenders_NN2 were_VBDR slightly_RR more_RGR likely_JJ than_CSN non-Maori_JJ offenders_NN2 to_TO receive_VVI a_AT1 sentence_NN1 of_IO reparation_NN1 ;_; 12%_NNU of_IO cases_NN2 involving_VVG Maori_JJ offenders_NN2 included_VVD a_AT1 sentence_NN1 of_IO reparation_NN1 compared_VVN with_IW 11%_NNU of_IO cases_NN2 involving_VVG non-Maori_JJ offenders_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 discrepancy_NN1 is_VBZ explained_VVN by_II non-Maori_JJ offenders_NN2 having_VHG on_II average_NN1 more_DAR charges_NN2 per_II case_NN1 that_CST resulted_VVD in_II a_AT1 sentence_NN1 of_IO reparation_NN1 than_CSN Maori_JJ offenders_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Of_IO all_DB charges_NN2 ,_, 4,714_MC (_( 6%_NNU )_) resulted_VVD in_II a_AT1 sentence_NN1 of_IO reparation_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT majority_NN of_IO these_DD2 charges_NN2 (_( 92%_NNU )_) were_VBDR for_IF offences_NN2 against_II property_NN1 as_CSA expected_VVN from_II the_AT definition_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 sentence_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Of_IO all_DB charges_NN2 for_IF offences_NN2 against_II property_NN1 ,_, 17%_NNU received_JJ reparation_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT proportion_NN1 of_IO property_NN1 charges_NN2 for_IF which_DDQ reparation_NN1 was_VBDZ the_AT only_JJ sentence_NN1 ordered_VVD was_VBDZ 3.2%_FO ;_; 819_MC charges_NN2 out_II21 of_II22 a_AT1 total_NN1 of_IO 25,412_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL Reparation_NN1 was_VBDZ ordered_VVN for_IF 89_MC offences_NN2 against_II the_AT person_NN1 including_II 63_MC for_IF assault_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX were_VBDR 264_MC other_JJ offences_NN2 ,_, not_XX against_II persons_NN2 or_CC property_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ incurred_VVD reparation_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL These_DD2 included_VVN 69_MC disorderly_JJ behaviour_NN1 and_CC similar_JJ offences_NN2 ,_, 41_MC careless_JJ or_CC reckless_JJ driving_JJ offences_NN2 and_CC 69_MC offences_NN2 against_II the_AT Social_JJ Security_NN1 Act_NN1 ._. ^ (_( ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ doubtful_JJ whether_CSW offences_NN2 against_II the_AT Social_JJ Security_NN1 Act_NN1 {_NULL ie_REX }_NULL ,_, certain_JJ categories_NN2 of_IO fraud_NN1 ,_, misleading_VVG a_AT1 social_JJ welfare_NN1 officer_NN1 and_CC making_VVG false_JJ statements_NN2 ,_, properly_RR constitute_VV0 offences_NN2 where_RRQ property_NN1 loss_NN1 or_CC damage_NN1 has_VHZ occurred_VVN ._. )_) ^ ^_NULL Although_CS a_AT1 very_RG small_JJ proportion_NN1 of_IO offences_NN2 against_II the_AT person_NN1 resulted_VVD in_II a_AT1 sentence_NN1 of_IO reparation_NN1 ,_, 7%_NNU of_IO offenders_NN2 receiving_VVG a_AT1 sentence_NN1 of_IO reparation_NN1 were_VBDR convicted_VVN of_IO at_RR21 least_RR22 one_MC1 offence_NN1 against_II the_AT person_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Reparation_NN1 was_VBDZ the_AT only_JJ sentence_NN1 in_II 19%_NNU of_IO charges_NN2 that_CST received_VVD reparation_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT most_RGT common_JJ sentences_NN2 used_VVN with_IW reparation_NN1 on_II a_AT1 single_JJ charge_NN1 were_VBDR periodic_JJ detention_NN1 (_( 25%_NNU of_IO charges_NN2 receiving_VVG reparation_NN1 )_) ,_, fines_NN2 (_( 31%_NNU of_IO charges_NN2 receiving_VVG reparation_NN1 )_) ,_, and_CC supervision_NN1 (_( 14%_NNU of_IO charges_NN2 receiving_VVG reparation_NN1 )_) ._. ^ *<_NULL 5.3_MC *1_NULL Supervision_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Supervision_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ replaces_VVZ the_AT sentence_NN1 of_IO probation_NN1 ,_, was_VBDZ given_VVN in_II 2,182_MC cases_NN2 (_( 4.3%_FO )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II cases_NN2 which_DDQ received_VVD a_AT1 sentence_NN1 of_IO supervision_NN1 ,_, 19%_NNU of_IO the_AT offenders_NN2 involved_VVN were_VBDR female_JJ and_CC 80%_NNU were_VBDR male_JJ (_( 1%_NNU sex_NN1 unknown_JJ ,_, Table_NN1 14_MC )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL Of_IO all_DB cases_NN2 ,_, those_DD2 with_IW a_AT1 female_JJ offender_NN1 were_VBDR slightly_RR more_RGR likely_JJ to_TO be_VBI given_VVN a_AT1 sentence_NN1 of_IO supervision_NN1 than_CSN those_DD2 with_IW a_AT1 male_JJ offender_NN1 ;_; 1_MC1 in_II 18_MC cases_NN2 involving_VVG female_JJ offenders_NN2 received_VVD supervision_NN1 ,_, 1_MC1 in_II 22_MC cases_NN2 involving_VVG male_JJ offenders_NN2 received_VVD supervision_NN1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT ethnicity_NN1 of_IO offenders_NN2 in_II Police_NN2 prosecuted_VVD cases_NN2 resulting_VVG in_II a_AT1 sentence_NN1 of_IO supervision_NN1 did_VDD not_XX differ_VVI from_II the_AT ethnicity_NN1 of_IO offenders_NN2 in_II all_DB cases_NN2 prosecuted_VVD by_II the_AT Police_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL As_CSA shown_VVN in_II Table_NN1 15_MC ,_, 61%_NNU of_IO offenders_NN2 in_II supervision_NN1 cases_NN2 were_VBDR non-Maori_JJ and_CC 39%_NNU were_VBDR Maori_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Both_RR Maori_JJ and_CC non-Maori_JJ offenders_NN2 had_VHD the_AT same_DA probability_NN1 of_IO being_VBG involved_JJ in_II a_AT1 case_NN1 incurring_VVG a_AT1 sentence_NN1 of_IO supervision_NN1 (_( 1_MC1 in_II 14_MC )_) ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Over_II 40%_NNU of_IO the_AT offenders_NN2 in_II cases_NN2 which_DDQ resulted_VVD in_II a_AT1 sentence_NN1 of_IO supervision_NN1 were_VBDR aged_VVN less_RR21 than_RR22 20_MC years_NNT2 and_CC 70%_NNU were_VBDR under_RG 25_MC years_NNT2 of_IO age_NN1 (_( Table_NN1 16_MC )_) ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Comparison_NN1 with_IW the_AT ages_NN2 of_IO offenders_NN2 in_II all_DB cases_NN2 showed_VVD that_CST younger_JJR offenders_NN2 were_VBDR more_RGR likely_JJ to_TO be_VBI involved_JJ in_II cases_NN2 which_DDQ resulted_VVD in_RP at_RR21 least_RR22 one_MC1 sentence_NN1 of_IO supervision_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Of_IO offenders_NN2 aged_VVN under_RG 20_MC years_NNT2 ,_, 1_MC1 in_II 14_MC were_VBDR involved_JJ in_II cases_NN2 that_CST were_VBDR given_VVN supervision_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT figures_NN2 for_IF older_JJR offenders_NN2 were_VBDR 1_MC1 in_II 22_MC for_IF offenders_NN2 aged_VVN between_II 20_MC and_CC 29_MC and_CC only_RR 1_MC1 in_II 37_MC for_IF offenders_NN2 aged_VVN at_RR21 least_RR22 30_MC years_NNT2 old_JJ (_( Table_NN1 17_MC )_) ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT 2,182_MC cases_NN2 which_DDQ resulted_VVD in_II a_AT1 sentence_NN1 of_IO supervision_NN1 included_VVD 5,889_MC charges_NN2 (_( 7%_NNU of_IO all_DB charges_NN2 )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL Most_DAT supervision_NN1 sentences_NN2 were_VBDR for_IF offences_NN2 against_II property_NN1 (_( 71%_NNU )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT only_JJ other_JJ categories_NN2 of_IO offence_NN1 accounting_VVG for_IF at_RR21 least_RR22 5%_NNU of_IO supervision_NN1 sentences_NN2 were_VBDR offences_NN2 against_II the_AT person_NN1 (_( 8%_NNU )_) ,_, traffic_NN1 offences_NN2 (_( 8%_NNU )_) and_CC offences_NN2 involving_VVG drugs_NN2 (_( 5%_NNU )_) ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL For_IF 44%_NNU of_IO charges_NN2 incurring_VVG supervision_NN1 ,_, this_DD1 was_VBDZ the_AT only_JJ sentence_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Other_JJ sentences_NN2 used_VVN with_IW supervision_NN1 included_VVD periodic_JJ detention_NN1 (_( 37%_NNU of_IO charges_NN2 receiving_VVG supervision_NN1 )_) ,_, reparation_NN1 (_( 11%_NNU of_IO charges_NN2 receiving_VVG supervision_NN1 )_) ,_, driving_JJ disqualification_NN1 (_( 11%_NNU of_IO charges_NN2 receiving_VVG supervision_NN1 )_) and_CC community_NNJ service_NN1 (_( 1%_NNU of_IO charges_NN2 receiving_VVG supervision_NN1 )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL As_II the_AT Criminal_JJ Justice_NN1 Act_NN1 1985_MC requires_VVZ that_DD1 supervision_NN1 and_CC community-based_JJ sentences_NN2 should_VM not_XX be_VBI imposed_VVN concurrently_RR ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ of_IO interest_NN1 that_CST in_II 46_MC charges_NN2 which_DDQ resulted_VVD in_II a_AT1 sentence_NN1 of_IO supervision_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 sentence_NN1 of_IO community_NNJ service_NN1 was_VBDZ also_RR ordered_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT 46_MC charges_NN2 for_IF which_DDQ both_DB2 sentences_NN2 were_VBDR given_VVN included_VVN 26_MC charges_NN2 for_IF one_MC1 individual_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL While_CS the_AT data_NN suggests_VVZ that_CST some_DD sentencing_NN1 has_VHZ taken_VVN place_NN1 which_DDQ is_VBZ contrary_II21 to_II22 the_AT legislative_JJ requirements_NN2 ,_, no_AT firm_JJ conclusions_NN2 should_VM be_VBI drawn_VVN until_II the_AT data_NN has_VHZ been_VBN investigated_VVN ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Supervision_NN1 sentences_NN2 were_VBDR usually_RR for_IF between_II three_MC and_CC six_MC months_NNT2 ,_, inclusive_RA of_IO six_MC ,_, (_( 33%_NNU )_) or_CC for_IF between_II nine_MC and_CC 12_MC months_NNT2 ,_, inclusive_RA of_IO 12_MC ,_, (_( 39%_NNU )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL 6.5%_FO were_VBDR for_IF up_RG21 to_RG22 three_MC months_NNT2 ,_, 12%_NNU were_VBDR for_IF between_II six_MC and_CC nine_MC months_NNT2 ,_, inclusive_RA of_IO nine_MC ,_, and_CC 9.5%_FO were_VBDR for_IF more_RR21 than_RR22 one_MC1 and_CC up_RP to_II two_MC years_NNT2 ._. ^ *<_NULL 6_MC ._. ^ *6_NULL CUSTODIAL_JJ SENTENCING_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Of_IO the_AT 50,980_MC cases_NN2 in_II which_DDQ offenders_NN2 were_VBDR convicted_VVN and_CC sentenced_VVN in_II the_AT six_MC month_NNT1 period_NN1 ,_, 1.10.85_MC to_II 31.3.86_MC ,_, 2,646_MC (_( 5.2%_FO )_) received_VVD a_AT1 custodial_JJ sentence_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ 729_MC cases_NN2 less_RRR than_CSN in_II the_AT previous_JJ period_NN1 ,_, October_NPM1 1984_MC to_II March_NPM1 1985_MC ,_, a_AT1 drop_NN1 of_IO 1.4%_FO ;_; in_II that_DD1 previous_JJ period_NN1 there_EX were_VBDR 51,183_MC cases_NN2 and_CC of_IO these_DD2 3,375_MC (_( 6.6%_FO )_) received_VVD at_RR21 least_RR22 one_MC1 custodial_JJ sentence_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL 6.1_MC *1_NULL Offender_NN1 Characteristics_NN2 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Of_IO the_AT cases_NN2 receiving_VVG custody_NN1 in_II the_AT first_MD six_MC months_NNT2 of_IO the_AT new_JJ Act_NN1 ,_, male_JJ offenders_NN2 accounted_VVD for_IF 94%_NNU and_CC female_JJ offenders_NN2 accounted_VVD for_IF approximately_RR 5%_NNU (_( Table_NN1 18_MC )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL During_II that_DD1 period_NN1 cases_NN2 involving_VVG males_NN2 were_VBDR almost_RR four_MC times_NNT2 more_RRR likely_JJ to_TO result_VVI in_II a_AT1 custodial_JJ sentence_NN1 than_CSN cases_NN2 involving_VVG females_NN2 ;_; 1_MC1 in_II 16_MC cases_NN2 involving_VVG a_AT1 male_JJ offender_NN1 incurred_VVD a_AT1 custodial_JJ sentence_NN1 compared_VVN with_IW 1_MC1 in_II 60_MC for_IF cases_NN2 involving_VVG female_JJ offenders_NN2 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Comparison_NN1 with_IW the_AT sex_NN1 of_IO offenders_NN2 sentenced_VVD to_II custody_NN1 in_II the_AT previous_JJ year_NNT1 shows_VVZ little_DA1 change_NN1 in_II the_AT proportions_NN2 of_IO female_NN1 and_CC male_JJ offenders_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Maori_NP1 and_CC non-Maori_JJ offenders_NN2 each_DD1 accounted_VVD for_IF approximately_RR 50%_NNU of_IO those_DD2 sentenced_VVN to_II custody_NN1 in_II Police_NN2 prosecuted_VVD cases_NN2 in_II October_NPM1 1985_MC to_II March_NPM1 1986_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL These_DD2 proportions_NN2 are_VBR similar_JJ to_II those_DD2 in_II the_AT previous_JJ period_NN1 (_( Table_NN1 19_MC )_) ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT well_JJ established_JJ pattern_NN1 that_CST Maori_JJ offenders_NN2 are_VBR more_RGR likely_JJ to_TO incur_VVI a_AT1 custodial_JJ sentence_NN1 has_VHZ continued_VVN since_II the_AT implementation_NN1 of_IO the_AT Criminal_JJ Justice_NN1 Act_NN1 1985_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT first_MD six_MC months_NNT2 of_IO the_AT new_JJ Act_NN1 cases_NN2 involving_VVG a_AT1 Maori_JJ offender_NN1 were_VBDR 1.7_MC times_NNT2 more_RRR likely_JJ to_TO incur_VVI a_AT1 custodial_JJ sentence_NN1 than_CSN cases_NN2 involving_VVG a_AT1 non-Maori_JJ offender_NN1 ;_; 10.6%_FO of_IO all_DB cases_NN2 involving_VVG Maori_JJ offenders_NN2 resulted_VVD in_II a_AT1 sentence_NN1 of_IO custody_NN1 ,_, compared_VVN with_IW 6.4%_FO of_IO all_DB cases_NN2 involving_VVG non-Maori_JJ offenders_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL However_RR ,_, comparison_NN1 with_IW the_AT previous_JJ period_NN1 shows_VVZ that_CST the_AT likelihood_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 custodial_JJ sentence_NN1 has_VHZ decreased_VVN for_IF both_RR Maori_JJ and_CC non-Maori_JJ offenders_NN2 and_CC the_AT decrease_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN greater_JJR for_IF Maori_JJ offenders_NN2 ;_; 13.4%_FO of_IO cases_NN2 involving_VVG Maori_JJ offenders_NN2 and_CC 8.4%_FO of_IO cases_NN2 involving_VVG non-Maori_JJ offenders_NN2 resulted_VVD in_RP at_RR21 least_RR22 one_MC1 custodial_JJ sentence_NN1 in_II the_AT previous_JJ period_NN1 ,_, indicating_VVG a_AT1 drop_NN1 of_IO 2.8%_FO for_IF Maori_JJ offenders_NN2 and_CC 2%_NNU for_IF non-Maori_JJ offenders_NN2 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Under_II the_AT new_JJ Act_NN1 ,_, 32%_NNU of_IO offenders_NN2 in_II cases_NN2 which_DDQ incurred_VVD a_AT1 custodial_JJ sentence_NN1 were_VBDR aged_II 15_MC to_II 19_MC years_NNT2 and_CC 34%_NNU were_VBDR 20_MC to_II 24_MC years_NNT2 of_IO age_NN1 (_( Table_NN1 20_MC )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT previous_JJ period_NN1 the_AT proportion_NN1 of_IO cases_NN2 resulting_VVG in_II custody_NN1 which_DDQ involved_VVD 15-19_MCMC year_NNT1 old_JJ offenders_NN2 was_VBDZ 33%_NNU and_CC 35%_NNU involved_VVN 20-24_MCMC year_NNT1 old_JJ offenders_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ also_RR little_JJ change_NN1 in_II the_AT proportions_NN2 of_IO offenders_NN2 in_II the_AT older_JJR age_NN1 groups_NN2 between_II the_AT two_MC periods_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Under_II the_AT new_JJ Act_NN1 6.8%_FO of_IO cases_NN2 involving_VVG offenders_NN2 aged_VVN less_RR21 than_RR22 30_MC years_NNT2 ,_, resulted_VVD in_II a_AT1 custodial_JJ sentence_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT likelihood_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 custodial_JJ sentence_NN1 being_VBG incurred_VVN in_II a_AT1 case_NN1 decreased_VVD when_RRQ the_AT offender_NN1 involved_VVD was_VBDZ at_RR21 least_RR22 30_MC years_NNT2 of_IO age_NN1 ;_; 4.6%_FO for_IF offenders_NN2 aged_II 30-39_MCMC years_NNT2 and_CC 2.3%_FO for_IF offenders_NN2 aged_VVN at_RR21 least_RR22 40_MC years_NNT2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT likelihood_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 custodial_JJ sentence_NN1 in_II cases_NN2 under_II the_AT new_JJ Act_NN1 was_VBDZ less_DAR than_CSN in_II the_AT previous_JJ period_NN1 for_IF offenders_NN2 of_IO all_DB age_NN1 groups_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT previous_JJ period_NN1 8.4%_FO of_IO offenders_NN2 aged_VVN less_RR21 than_RR22 30_MC years_NNT2 received_JJ custody_NN1 as_CSA did_VDD 5.9%_FO of_IO offenders_NN2 aged_II 30-39_MCMC years_NNT2 and_CC 3.8%_FO of_IO offenders_NN2 aged_VVN at_RR21 least_RR22 40_MC years_NNT2 ;_; indicating_VVG decreases_NN2 of_IO 1.6%_FO ,_, 1.3%_FO and_CC 1.5%_FO respectively_RR since_CS the_AT new_JJ Act_NN1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT 2,646_MC cases_NN2 which_DDQ resulted_VVD in_II a_AT1 custodial_JJ sentence_NN1 under_II the_AT new_JJ Act_NN1 included_VVD 9,889_MC charges_NN2 ,_, 12.2%_FO of_IO the_AT total_JJ number_NN1 of_IO 80,901_MC charges_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT previous_JJ period_NN1 there_EX were_VBDR 81,372_MC charges_NN2 and_CC 12,425_MC (_( 15.3%_FO )_) of_IO these_DD2 received_VVN a_AT1 custodial_JJ sentence_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Hence_RR the_AT actual_JJ number_NN1 of_IO charges_NN2 receiving_VVG custody_NN1 dropped_VVN by_II 2,536_MC and_CC the_AT proportion_NN1 of_IO charges_NN2 receiving_VVG custody_NN1 dropped_VVN by_II 3.1%_FO in_II the_AT first_MD six_MC months_NNT2 of_IO the_AT new_JJ Act_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL 6.2_MC *1_NULL Sentence_NN1 Type_NN1 and_CC Length_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL In_II the_AT following_JJ discussion_NN1 of_IO sentence_NN1 types_NN2 and_CC lengths_NN2 ,_, the_AT most_RGT severe_JJ sentence_NN1 per_II case_NN1 is_VBZ used_VVN to_TO represent_VVI the_AT case_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT types_NN2 of_IO custodial_JJ sentence_NN1 ,_, in_II descending_VVG order_NN1 of_IO severity_NN1 ,_, are_VBR life_NN1 imprisonment_NN1 ,_, preventive_JJ detention_NN1 ,_, detention_NN1 under_II \_NULL s48A_FO of_IO the_AT Criminal_JJ Justice_NN1 Act_NN1 ,_, cumulative_JJ imprisonment_NN1 ,_, imprisonment_NN1 (_( concurrent_JJ )_) and_CC corrective_JJ training_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Imprisonment_NP1 ,_, cumulative_JJ and_CC concurrent_JJ ,_, was_VBDZ the_AT most_RGT frequent_JJ custodial_JJ sentence_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ given_VVN in_II 86%_NNU of_IO cases_NN2 which_DDQ resulted_VVD in_II a_AT1 custodial_JJ sentence_NN1 (_( 7.6%_FO cumulative_JJ imprisonment_NN1 )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL Corrective_JJ training_NN1 was_VBDZ the_AT most_RGT severe_JJ sentence_NN1 in_II 14%_NNU of_IO cases_NN2 resulting_VVG in_II a_AT1 custodial_JJ sentence_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Offenders_NN2 received_VVD life_NN1 sentences_NN2 in_II 14_MC cases_NN2 (_( 17_MC charges_NN2 received_VVD life_NN1 sentences_NN2 )_) and_CC 1_MC1 offender_NN1 was_VBDZ sentenced_VVN to_II preventive_JJ detention_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 comparison_NN1 of_IO custodial_JJ sentence_NN1 types_NN2 per_II case_NN1 in_II the_AT previous_JJ period_NN1 October_NPM1 1984_MC to_II March_NPM1 1985_MC showed_VVD that_CST there_EX has_VHZ been_VBN little_DA1 change_NN1 in_II the_AT proportions_NN2 of_IO each_DD1 custodial_JJ sentence_NN1 type_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II the_AT first_MD six_MC months_NNT2 under_II the_AT new_JJ Act_NN1 almost_RR half_DB of_IO the_AT most_RGT severe_JJ custodial_JJ sentences_NN2 per_II case_NN1 were_VBDR the_AT shorter_JJR sentences_NN2 of_IO three_MC months_NNT2 or_CC less_RRR and_CC 22%_NNU were_VBDR at_RR21 least_RR22 three_MC months_NNT2 and_CC no_AT more_RR21 than_RR22 six_MC months_NNT2 long_RR ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Comparison_NN1 with_IW the_AT previous_JJ period_NN1 shows_VVZ the_AT number_NN1 of_IO sentences_NN2 decreased_VVD in_II all_DB categories_NN2 of_IO sentence_NN1 length_NN1 (_( Table_NN1 21_MC )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT decrease_NN1 was_VBDZ greatest_JJT for_IF the_AT shorter_JJR sentences_NN2 ,_, hence_RR it_PPH1 appears_VVZ that_CST there_EX may_VM be_VBI a_AT1 slight_JJ shift_NN1 towards_II longer_JJR custodial_JJ sentences_NN2 since_CS the_AT new_JJ Act_NN1 but_CCB this_DD1 is_VBZ offset_VVN by_II a_AT1 reduction_NN1 in_II the_AT overall_JJ numbers_NN2 of_IO custodial_JJ sentences_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL These_DD2 findings_NN2 will_VM be_VBI more_RGR fully_RR investigated_VVN in_II a_AT1 further_JJR report_NN1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL *<_NULL 6.3_MC *1_NULL Offence_NN1 Types_NN2 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT following_JJ discussion_NN1 of_IO offence_NN1 types_NN2 refers_VVZ to_II the_AT offence_NN1 which_DDQ received_VVD the_AT most_RGT severe_JJ sentence_NN1 in_II cases_NN2 which_DDQ resulted_VVD in_RP at_RR21 least_RR22 one_MC1 sentence_NN1 of_IO custody_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT number_NN1 and_CC proportion_NN1 of_IO cases_NN2 resulting_VVG in_II custody_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ arose_VVD from_II each_DD1 offence_NN1 type_NN1 is_VBZ shown_VVN in_II Table_NN1 22_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ clear_JJ from_II Table_NN1 22_MC that_DD1 property_NN1 offenders_NN2 are_VBR still_RR the_AT largest_JJT group_NN receiving_VVG custodial_JJ sentences_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II six_MC months_NNT2 under_II the_AT new_JJ Act_NN1 there_EX were_VBDR 1,015_MC cases_NN2 arising_VVG from_II property_NN1 offending_VVG which_DDQ resulted_VVD in_II custodial_JJ sentence_NN1 ,_, 38.3%_FO of_IO all_DB cases_NN2 given_VVN a_AT1 custodial_JJ sentence_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT next_MD biggest_JJT group_NN given_VVN custodial_JJ sentences_NN2 were_VBDR the_AT offences_NN2 against_II the_AT person_NN1 ;_; 675_MC cases_NN2 arising_VVG from_II offending_VVG against_II the_AT person_NN1 resulted_VVD in_II a_AT1 custodial_JJ sentence_NN1 ,_, 25.5%_FO of_IO all_DB cases_NN2 which_DDQ incurred_VVD a_AT1 custodial_JJ sentence_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Traffic_NN1 offences_NN2 accounted_VVD for_IF 15%_NNU of_IO cases_NN2 resulting_VVG in_II custody_NN1 ,_, almost_RR 10%_NNU were_VBDR for_IF offences_NN2 against_II justice_NN1 and_CC offences_NN2 involving_VVG drugs_NN2 accounted_VVD for_IF 7%_NNU of_IO these_DD2 cases_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX were_VBDR no_AT marked_JJ differences_NN2 in_II these_DD2 proportions_NN2 between_II the_AT two_MC periods_NN2 except_II21 for_II22 a_ZZ1 4%_NNU rise_NN1 in_II the_AT proportion_NN1 of_IO offences_NN2 against_II the_AT person_NN1 since_CS the_AT new_JJ Act_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Because_CS these_DD2 proportions_NN2 are_VBR influenced_VVN by_II the_AT total_JJ number_NN1 of_IO cases_NN2 in_II each_DD1 period_NN1 any_DD change_NN1 between_II the_AT two_MC periods_NN2 is_VBZ more_RGR usefully_RR evaluated_VVN by_II comparing_VVG the_AT likelihoods_NN2 of_IO cases_NN2 ensuing_VVG from_II each_DD1 offence_NN1 type_NN1 resulting_VVG in_II custody_NN1 (_( Table_NN1 23_MC )_) ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 273+TEXT+H09_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT Rural_JJ Adviser_NN1 (_( Education_NN1 Board_NNJ )_) visits_VVZ the_AT Island_NN1 teachers_NN2 twice_RR a_AT1 year_NNT1 ,_, but_CCB there_EX are_VBR few_DA2 visits_NN2 from_II Department_NNJ of_IO Education_NN1 specialist_JJ advisers_NN2 (_( {_NULL ie_REX }_NULL Science_NN1 ,_, Music_NN1 ,_, or_CC Art_NN1 Advisers_NN2 )_) *-_- this_DD1 was_VBDZ noted_VVN as_II a_AT1 definite_JJ requirement_NN1 in_II the_AT support_NN1 system_NN1 for_IF these_DD2 teachers_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II such_DA an_AT1 isolated_JJ community_NNJ where_RRQ the_AT educational_JJ system_NN1 is_VBZ entirely_RR dependent_JJ on_II the_AT calibre_NN1 of_IO the_AT teaching_NN1 staff_NN ,_, support_NN1 ,_, through_II visits_NN2 from_II such_DA specialist_JJ advisers_NN2 is_VBZ essential_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL However_RRQV a_AT1 Science_NN1 Advisor_NN1 will_VM soon_RR make_VVI a_AT1 visit_NN1 and_CC specialist_JJ training_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 Chathams_NP1 teacher_NN1 on_II the_AT mainland_NN1 was_VBDZ recently_RR effected_VVN ._. ^ *<_NULL 2.1.3_MC *1_NULL Internal_JJ Affairs_NN2 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT department_NNJ has_VHZ had_VHN a_AT1 long-standing_JJ administrative_JJ responsibility_NN1 for_IF the_AT Chatham_NP Islands_NNL2 ,_, which_DDQ it_PPH1 now_RT wishes_VVZ to_TO relinquish_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT department_NNJ is_VBZ the_AT Airport_NN1 licencee_NN1 ,_, owns_VVZ the_AT Meatworks_NN2 (_( the_AT management_NN of_IO which_DDQ is_VBZ contracted_VVN to_II Advanced_JJ Meats_NN2 \_NULL Ltd_JJ )_) ,_, owns_VVZ the_AT generators_NN2 at_II the_AT Meatworks_NN2 which_DDQ power_VV0 the_AT reticulated_JJ electricity_NN1 supply_NN1 (_( distributed_VVN by_II the_AT Central_NP Canterbury_NP1 Electric_JJ Power_NN1 Board_NNJ )_) and_CC arranged_VVD a_AT1 contract_NN1 with_IW Union_NNJ Maritime_JJ Company_NNJ over_II the_AT provision_NN1 of_IO the_AT services_NN2 of_IO the_AT Holmedale_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT department_NNJ has_VHZ one_MC1 position_NN1 on_II the_AT Island_NN1 ,_, that_DD1 of_IO Resident_JJ Agent_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 represents_VVZ most_DAT government_NN departments_NNJ2 with_IW no_AT staff_NN on_II the_AT Island_NN1 ,_, and_CC also_RR acts_VVZ specifically_RR as_II :_: Airport_NN1 Manager_NN1 ,_, Superintendent_NN1 of_IO Mercantile_JJ Marine_NN1 ,_, Receiver_NN1 of_IO Wrecks_NN2 and_CC Overseer_NN1 of_IO Lighthouses_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 also_RR has_VHZ responsibility_NN1 for_IF making_VVG arrangements_NN2 and_CC receiving_VVG on_II the_AT Island_NN1 visiting_VVG dignitaries_NN2 and_CC state_NN1 servants_NN2 and_CC reports_VVZ to_II the_AT Executive_NN Officer_NP1 ,_, Local_NN1 Government_NNJ Division_NNJ at_II Head_NN1 Office_NN1 ,_, Wellington_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT role_NN1 of_IO the_AT Resident_JJ Agent_NN1 has_VHZ come_VVN under_II some_DD discussion_NN1 by_II the_AT Ministerial_JJ Review_NN1 Team_NN and_CC warrants_VVZ particular_JJ study_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT agent_NN1 represents_VVZ Internal_JJ Affairs_NN2 ,_, Maori_JJ Affairs_NN2 ,_, Social_JJ Welfare_NN1 ,_, Rural_JJ Bank_NN1 ,_, Housing_VVG Corporation_NNJ ,_, Education_NN1 ,_, Health_NN1 ,_, Energy_NN1 ,_, Labour_JJ ,_, Statistics_NN ,_, {_NULL ACC_NP1 }_NULL ,_, Inland_JJ Revenue_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL On_II31 behalf_II32 of_II33 Internal_JJ Affairs_NN2 this_DD1 position_NN1 also_RR assumes_VVZ the_AT responsibilities_NN2 of_IO Airport_NN1 Manager_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 role_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 time_NNT1 consuming_VVG one_PN1 ,_, in_II31 terms_II32 of_II33 time_NNT1 spent_VVD travelling_VVG to_RP and_CC from_II the_AT Airport_NN1 ,_, and_CC waiting_VVG for_IF aeroplanes_NN2 to_TO arrive_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT duties_NN2 with_IW which_DDQ the_AT Manager_NN1 is_VBZ charged_VVN are_VBR however_RR very_RG routine_JJ and_CC could_VM be_VBI assumed_VVN without_IW difficulty_NN1 by_II the_AT Meteorological_JJ Service_NN1 staff_VV0 one_MC1 of_IO whom_PNQO must_VM be_VBI present_JJ at_II the_AT Airport_NN1 for_IF all_DB flights_NN2 anyway_RR ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT role_NN1 of_IO Receiver_NN1 of_IO Wrecks_NN2 and_CC Superintendent_NN1 of_IO Mercantile_JJ Marine_JJ also_RR seemed_VVD to_TO sit_VVI rather_RG incongruously_RR on_II the_AT Resident_JJ Agent_NN1 and_CC despite_II some_DD opposition_NN1 voiced_VVN by_II Police_NN2 ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ felt_VVN that_DD1 given_VVN the_AT small_JJ volume_NN1 of_IO work_NN1 involved_VVD the_AT role_NN1 would_VM be_VBI more_RGR appropriately_RR assumed_VVN by_II the_AT Police_NN2 Constable_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT majority_NN of_IO the_AT Resident_JJ Agent_NN1 's_VBZ time_NNT1 ,_, however_RR ,_, is_VBZ devoted_JJ to_II assisting_VVG the_AT community_NNJ as_II the_AT representative_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 range_NN1 of_IO government_NN departments_NNJ2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_RR21 particular_RR22 the_AT present_JJ Agent_NN1 estimated_VVD that_CST approximately_RR 60%_NNU of_IO his_APPGE time_NNT1 was_VBDZ spent_VVN on_II documentation_NN1 and_CC advisory_JJ work_NN1 on_II31 behalf_II32 of_II33 the_AT Departments_NNJ2 of_IO Maori_JJ Affairs_NN2 and_CC Social_JJ Welfare_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 does_VDZ the_AT full_JJ range_NN1 of_IO benefits_NN2 work_VV0 for_IF {_NULL DSW_NP }_NULL and_CC has_VHZ received_VVN good_JJ support_NN1 by_II correspondence_NN1 from_II the_AT Christchurch_NP1 office_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL However_RR ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ only_RR really_RR since_CS the_AT Minister_NN1 insisted_VVD on_II a_AT1 woman_NN1 Social_JJ Worker_NN1 accompanying_VVG her_PPHO1 to_II the_AT Chathams_NP1 in_II May_NPM1 and_CC the_AT bad_JJ storm_NN1 which_DDQ caused_VVD so_RG much_DA1 damage_NN1 on_II the_AT Chatham_NP Islands_NNL2 in_II July_NPM1 1985_MC ,_, that_CST {_NULL DSW_NP }_NULL have_VH0 been_VBN jolted_VVN out_II21 of_II22 their_APPGE lethargy_NN1 and_CC have_VH0 sent_VVN a_AT1 Social_JJ Worker_NN1 on_II a_AT1 visit_NN1 to_II the_AT community_NNJ assisted_VVD by_II the_AT Resident_JJ Agent_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ planned_VVN to_TO send_VVI a_AT1 visiting_JJ Social_JJ Worker_NN1 on_II a_AT1 more_RGR regular_JJ basis_NN1 to_TO help_VVI the_AT Resident_JJ Agent_NN1 in_II the_AT delivery_NN1 of_IO better_JJR services_NN2 to_II the_AT community_NNJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Resident_JJ Agent_NN1 also_RR receives_VVZ good_JJ support_NN1 from_II Maori_JJ Affairs_NN2 ,_, Christchurch_NP1 Office_NN1 ,_, in_II the_AT delivery_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE range_NN1 of_IO services_NN2 on_II the_AT Island_NN1 (_( {_NULL eg_REX }_NULL housing_NN1 loans_NN2 ,_, trade_NN1 training_NN1 scheme_NN1 ,_, Land_NN1 Court_NN1 sittings_NN2 )_) ,_, and_CC departmental_JJ officers_NN2 from_II Christchurch_NP1 visit_NN1 three_MC or_CC four_MC times_NNT2 a_AT1 year_NNT1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Resident_JJ Agent_NN1 position_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT only_JJ administrative_JJ public_JJ service_NN1 position_NN1 on_II the_AT Island_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Most_DAT rural_JJ communities_NNJ2 have_VH0 someone_PN1 to_II whom_PNQO they_PPHS2 can_VM go_VVI for_IF advice_NN1 \_NULL etc_RA on_II government_NN matters_NN2 and_CC in_II the_AT Chathams_NP1 the_AT Resident_JJ Agent_NN1 fills_VVZ that_DD1 role_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT position_NN1 provides_VVZ a_AT1 vital_JJ liaison_NN1 link_NN1 for_IF the_AT community_NNJ and_CC for_IF government_NN departments_NNJ2 ,_, which_DDQ could_VM not_XX be_VBI performed_VVN by_II any_DD of_IO the_AT other_JJ existing_JJ State_NN1 service_NN1 positions_NN2 on_II the_AT Island_NN1 (_( {_NULL eg_REX }_NULL the_AT Postmaster_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT obvious_JJ choice_NN1 ,_, but_CCB he_PPHS1 carries_VVZ a_AT1 heavy_JJ workload_NN1 and_CC could_VM not_XX accept_VVI any_DD additional_JJ responsibility_NN1 )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ recommended_VVN that_CST the_AT position_NN1 be_VBI retained_VVN until_II the_AT present_JJ incumbent_JJ vacates_NN2 ,_, at_II which_DDQ time_VV0 it_PPH1 should_VM be_VBI transferred_VVN from_II the_AT Department_NNJ of_IO Internal_JJ Affairs_NN2 to_II the_AT Department_NNJ of_IO Social_JJ Welfare_NN1 and_CC continue_VV0 operation_NN1 as_II a_ZZ1 government/_FO community_NNJ liaison_NN1 officer_NN1 at_II 007.104_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT position_NN1 would_VM thus_RR continue_VVI to_TO be_VBI an_AT1 administrative_JJ position_NN1 ,_, and_CC it_PPH1 is_VBZ envisaged_VVN that_CST the_AT new_JJ incumbent_NN1 would_VM have_VHI assistance_NN1 from_II his_APPGE department_NNJ *-_- including_II periodic_JJ visits_NN2 by_II a_AT1 trained_JJ social_JJ worker_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL 2.1.4_MC *1_NULL Lands_NN2 and_CC Survey_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Lands_NN2 and_CC Survey_NN1 are_VBR in_II the_AT Chathams_NP1 to_TO encourage_VVI both_DB2 land_VV0 development_NN1 and_CC conservation_NN1 and_CC have_VH0 proposals_NN2 to_TO develop_VVI 11_MC sheep_NN and_CC cattle_NN2 units_NN2 and_CC have_VH0 24_MC reserves_NN2 ,_, totalling_VVG approximately_RR 4,000_MC hectares_NN2 ,_, on_II four_MC Islands_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL On_II the_AT land_NN1 development_NN1 side_NN1 they_PPHS2 have_VH0 a_AT1 manager_NN1 and_CC two_MC wage_NN1 workers_NN2 on_II the_AT 4,450_MC hectare_VV0 Wharekauri_NP1 Station_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Timber_NN stands_VVZ there_EX will_VM ultimately_RR be_VBI brought_VVN in_RP at_II the_AT rate_NN1 of_IO 5_MC hectares_NN2 annually_RR and_CC the_AT department_NNJ is_VBZ soon_RR to_TO establish_VVI a_AT1 tree_NN1 nursery_NN1 at_II Te_AT One_PN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT County_NN1 Council_NNJ has_VHZ been_VBN offered_VVN the_AT use_NN1 of_IO it_PPH1 as_II a_AT1 holding_NN1 area_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Wellington_NP1 Commissioner_NN1 of_IO Crown_NN1 Lands_NN2 is_VBZ chairman_NN1 of_IO the_AT Chatham_NP Islands_NNL2 Land_NN1 Settlement_NN1 Committee_NNJ which_DDQ includes_VVZ local_JJ farmers_NN2 and_CC is_VBZ a_AT1 committee_NNJ of_IO the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 Land_NN1 Settlement_NN1 Board_NNJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL As_II the_AT Chathams_NP1 are_VBR part_NN1 of_IO the_AT Wellington_NP1 Land_NN1 District_NN1 ,_, the_AT department_NNJ 's_GE operations_NN2 are_VBR handled_VVN from_II the_AT Wellington_NP1 Office_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Their_APPGE senior_JJ ranger_NN1 visits_VVZ the_AT Islands_NN2 periodically_RR and_CC they_PPHS2 have_VH0 a_AT1 resident_JJ officer_NN1 at_II Te_AT One_PN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL For_IF some_DD reason_NN1 this_DD1 Parks_VVZ Assistant_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 wage_NN1 worker_NN1 but_CCB it_PPH1 is_VBZ understood_VVN that_CST the_AT position_NN1 will_VM soon_RR be_VBI permanently_RR established_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 manages_VVZ all_DB reserves_NN2 (_( the_AT largest_JJT of_IO 1,000_MC hectares_NN2 )_) on_II four_MC islands_NN2 on_II a_AT1 very_RG modest_JJ budget_NN1 and_CC the_AT local_JJ response_NN1 to_II his_APPGE work_NN1 is_VBZ encouraging_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Lands_NN2 and_CC Survey_NN1 continue_VV0 to_TO have_VHI a_AT1 significant_JJ impact_NN1 on_II farming_VVG and_CC land_NN1 management_NN on_II the_AT Chathams_NP1 ,_, and_CC after_CS only_RR 10_MC years_NNT2 their_APPGE conservation_NN1 work_NN1 through_II reserves_NN2 management_NN is_VBZ gaining_VVG increasing_VVG local_JJ recognition_NN1 and_CC support_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Some_DD criticism_NN1 was_VBDZ voiced_VVN at_II Lands_NN2 and_CC Survey_NN1 tendering_VVG for_IF their_APPGE shearing_NN1 ,_, invariably_RR resulting_VVG in_II mainland_NN1 gangs_NN2 doing_VDG theirs_PPGE and_CC others_NN2 '_GE work_NN1 when_RRQ the_AT Wool_NN1 Board_NNJ is_VBZ promoting_VVG the_AT training_NN1 of_IO local_JJ shearers_NN2 who_PNQS it_PPH1 is_VBZ claimed_VVN could_VM do_VDI the_AT work_NN1 *-_- if_CS they_PPHS2 had_VHD the_AT extra_JJ shearing_NN1 to_TO improve_VVI their_APPGE skills_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT team_NN is_VBZ aware_JJ that_CST Lands_NN2 and_CC Survey_NN1 had_VHD had_VHN difficulties_NN2 in_II the_AT past_NN1 in_II relying_VVG on_II local_JJ shearers_NN2 but_CCB their_APPGE use_NN1 may_VM be_VBI a_AT1 social_JJ cost_NN1 worth_II considering_VVG *-_- provided_CS locals_NN2 were_VBDR given_VVN adequate_JJ advance_NN1 notice_NN1 of_IO such_DA a_AT1 policy_NN1 change_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ noted_VVN however_RR that_CST it_PPH1 was_VBDZ very_RG difficult_JJ to_TO get_VVI an_AT1 Islander_NN1 to_TO organise_VVI such_DA a_AT1 gang_NN1 and_CC that_CST certainly_RR for_IF the_AT last_MD 3_MC years_NNT2 crutching_VVG ,_, lamb_NN1 shearing_VVG and_CC second_NNT1 shear_VV0 were_VBDR done_VDN by_II Islanders_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT department_NNJ employs_VVZ only_JJ Island_NN1 labour_NN1 on_II Wharekauri_NP1 and_CC the_AT new_JJ manager_NN1 will_VM also_RR be_VBI an_AT1 Islander_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_RR21 addition_RR22 they_PPHS2 encourage_VV0 a_AT1 school_NN1 leaver_NN1 wage_NN1 worker_NN1 to_TO work_VVI on_II the_AT Island_NN1 each_DD1 year_NNT1 for_IF 12_MC months_NNT2 prior_II21 to_II22 assisting_VVG their_APPGE placement_NN1 on_II a_AT1 mainland_NN1 farm_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL 2.1.5_MC *1_NULL Meteorological_JJ Service_NN1 (_( {_NULL MOT_NN1 }_NULL )_) *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT Chatham_NP Islands_NNL2 station_NN1 is_VBZ one_MC1 of_IO a_AT1 series_NN circling_VVG New_NP Zealand_NP1 including_II Raoul_NP1 ,_, Lord_NNB Howe_NP1 ,_, and_CC Campbell_NP Islands_NNL2 as_CC31 well_CC32 as_CC33 coastal_JJ Australian_JJ stations_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT department_NNJ 's_GE presence_NN1 there_EX is_VBZ essential_JJ as_II a_AT1 data_NN acquisition_NN1 post_NN1 to_TO maintain_VVI both_DB2 their_APPGE New_NP Zealand_NP1 weather_NN1 forecasting_VVG service_NN1 and_CC their_APPGE global_JJ meteorological_JJ responsibilities_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT service_NN1 will_VM be_VBI upgraded_VVN in_II31 line_II32 with_II33 the_AT department_NNJ 's_GE overall_JJ policies_NN2 but_CCB this_DD1 will_VM not_XX require_VVI more_DAR staff_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL At_RR21 present_RR22 an_AT1 officer_NN1 in_II charge_NN1 and_CC two_MC technicians_NN2 man_VV0 the_AT post_NN1 and_CC their_APPGE service_NN1 to_II the_AT Chathams_NP1 is_VBZ an_AT1 indirect_JJ one_PN1 in_II the_AT form_NN1 of_IO general_NN1 ,_, coastal_JJ and_CC fishing_NN1 and_CC aviation_NN1 forecasts_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II31 addition_II32 to_II33 taking_VVG and_CC recording_VVG weather_NN1 observations_NN2 ,_, the_AT station_NN1 has_VHZ a_AT1 seismic_JJ recording_NN1 device_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT \_NULL Met_VVN ._. ^ Officer_NP1 in_II Charge_NN1 as_II {_NULL MOT_NN1 }_NULL '_" s_ZZ1 senior_JJ officer_NN1 on_II the_AT Chathams_NP1 has_VHZ Airport_NN1 and_CC Crash/_FO Fire_NN1 responsibilities_NN2 and_CC these_DD2 are_VBR addressed_VVN in_II \_NULL Sect._NP1 5.1_MC of_IO this_DD1 report_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL 2.1.6_MC *1_NULL Police_NN2 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT {_NULL NZ_NP }_NULL Police_NN2 have_VH0 one_MC1 Constable_NN1 based_VVN on_II the_AT Chatham_NP Islands_NNL2 who_PNQS reports_VVZ to_II the_AT District_NN1 Superintendent_NN1 ,_, Wellington_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 also_RR acts_VVZ as_II :_: Court_NN1 Registrar_NN1 ,_, Births_NN2 ,_, Deaths_NN2 and_CC Marriages_NN2 Registrar_NN1 ,_, Marriage_NN1 Celebrant_NN1 ,_, Clerk_NN1 of_IO Liquor_NN1 Licencing_NP1 Committee_NNJ ,_, Customs_NN2 Officer_NP1 and_CC Probation_NN1 Officer_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 position_NN1 by_II its_APPGE very_JJ nature_NN1 required_VVD the_AT constable_NN1 to_TO work_VVI very_RG closely_RR with_IW the_AT community_NNJ ,_, government_NN representatives_NN2 and_CC the_AT County_NN1 Council_NNJ ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT duties_NN2 of_IO Probation_NN1 Officer_NP1 at_RR21 present_RR22 are_VBR very_RG light_JJ and_CC may_VM be_VBI more_RGR appropriately_RR carried_VVN out_RP by_II the_AT *'_" Community_NNJ Liaison_NN1 **'_" Officer_NP1 *-_- this_DD1 matter_NN1 would_VM have_VHI to_TO be_VBI confirmed_VVN by_II Justice_NP1 Department_NNJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT policeman_NN1 is_VBZ also_RR responsible_JJ for_IF coordinating_VVG any_DD Search_NN1 and_CC Rescue_NN1 ,_, and_CC is_VBZ Controller_NN1 of_IO Airport_NN1 Emergencies_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ also_RR suggested_VVN that_CST the_AT Policeman_NN1 take_VV0 over_II the_AT role_NN1 of_IO Receiver_NN1 of_IO Wrecks_NN2 and_CC Superintendent_NN1 of_IO Mercantile_JJ Marine_NN1 ,_, however_RRQV Police_NN2 have_VH0 expressed_VVN reluctance_NN1 at_II adopting_VVG this_DD1 role_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL 2.1.7_MC *1_NULL Post_NN1 Office_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT Post_NN1 Office_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT most_RGT visible_JJ of_IO the_AT state_NN1 services_NN2 on_II the_AT Islands_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 has_VHZ a_AT1 total_NN1 of_IO 22_MC resident_JJ staff_NN to_TO carry_VVI out_RP its_APPGE functions_NN2 in_II communications_NN2 and_CC postal_JJ services_NN2 and_CC in_RR21 addition_RR22 relies_VVZ on_II mainland_NN1 staff_NN to_TO augment_VVI the_AT locals_NN2 as_CSA required_VVN for_IF specific_JJ tasks_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL At_RR21 present_RR22 a_AT1 team_NN is_VBZ on_II the_AT Island_NN1 installing_VVG reticulation_NN1 for_IF an_AT1 improved_JJ telephone_NN1 system_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT new_JJ system_NN1 ,_, although_CS still_RR a_AT1 manual_JJ one_PN1 ,_, will_VM by_II31 means_II32 of_II33 improved_JJ lines_NN2 ,_, a_AT1 central_JJ battery_NN1 system_NN1 and_CC multi-access_JJ radio_NN1 to_TO replace_VVI difficult-to-maintain_VV0 pole_NN1 lines_NN2 ,_, allow_VV0 all_DB subscribers_NN2 an_AT1 individual_JJ service_NN1 with_IW good_JJ transmission_NN1 by_II 1987_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL Until_CS a_AT1 satellite_NN1 link_NN1 is_VBZ established_VVN *-_- the_AT priority_NN1 of_IO which_DDQ is_VBZ at_RR21 present_RR22 the_AT subject_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 feasibility_NN1 study_NN1 *-_- improved_VVD communication_NN1 to_II the_AT mainland_NN1 or_CC prospects_NN2 of_IO {_NULL TV_NN1 }_NULL reception_NN1 are_VBR not_XX possible_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Communications_NN2 on_II the_AT Chathams_NP1 is_VBZ at_RR21 present_RR22 by_II {_NULL HF_NP }_NULL radio_NN1 circuits_NN2 to_TO provide_VVI telephone_NN1 ,_, telegraph_NN1 and_CC telex_NN1 services_NN2 and_CC the_AT Post_NN1 Office_NN1 maintains_VVZ radio_NN1 telephone_NN1 links_VVZ with_IW the_AT mainland_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT present_JJ 2-line_JJ toll_NN1 circuit_NN1 is_VBZ limiting_VVG for_IF urgent_JJ calls_NN2 and_CC certainly_RR would_VM inhibit_VVI ready_JJ telephone_NN1 access_NN1 to_II departments_NNJ2 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 24-hour_JJ emergency_NN1 service_NN1 is_VBZ available_JJ but_CCB normal_JJ telephone_NN1 services_NN2 close_VV0 between_II midnight_NNT1 and_CC 6.00_MC {_NULL am_RA }_NULL ._. ^ ^_NULL Radio_NN1 links_VVZ to_TO Pitt_NP Island_NNL1 and_CC more_RGR distant_JJ parts_NN2 of_IO Chatham_NP Island_NNL1 are_VBR maintained_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL Normal_JJ inland_JJ (_( not_XX overseas_RL )_) charges_NN2 are_VBR set_VVN for_IF all_DB services_NN2 and_CC in_II fact_NN1 Chatham_NP1 Islanders_NN2 have_VH0 a_AT1 range_NN1 of_IO facilities_NN2 not_XX greatly_RR different_JJ from_II those_DD2 for_IF any_DD smaller_JJR community_NNJ elsewhere_RL in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT staff_NN comprises_VVZ nine_MC operators_NN2 ,_, two_MC technicians_NN2 and_CC a_AT1 linesman_NN1 under_II a_AT1 manager_NN1 at_II the_AT radio_NN1 station_NN1 and_CC eight_MC staff_NN (_( including_II three_MC part-timers_NN2 )_) on_II postal_JJ services_NN2 who_PNQS are_VBR responsible_JJ to_II the_AT Postmaster_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ a_AT1 good_JJ class_NN1 of_IO accommodation_NN1 at_II the_AT radio_NN1 station_NN1 hostel_VV0 to_TO cater_VVI mainly_RR for_IF the_AT six_MC month_NNT1 tour_NN1 duty_NN1 operators_NN2 and_CC technicians_NN2 and_CC although_CS not_XX fully_RR utilised_VVD it_PPH1 can_VM also_RR be_VBI used_VVN if_CS required_VVN for_IF visiting_VVG staff_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL Two_MC cleaners_NN2 ,_, two_MC cooks_NN2 and_CC a_AT1 handyperson_NN1 ,_, all_DB locals_NN2 ,_, operate_VV0 as_II shift_NN1 wage_NN1 workers_NN2 to_TO service_VVI this_DD1 facility_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Postmaster_NN1 is_VBZ agent_NN1 for_IF State_NN1 Insurance_NN1 and_CC {_NULL ACC_NP1 }_NULL and_CC is_VBZ Chief_JJ Electoral_JJ Returning_NP1 Officer_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_RR21 addition_RR22 he_PPHS1 is_VBZ involved_JJ in_II enquiries_NN2 for_IF other_JJ departments_NNJ2 ,_, and_CC local_JJ people_NN tend_VV0 to_TO approach_VVI him_PPHO1 for_IF information_NN1 and_CC advice_NN1 in_II the_AT absence_NN1 of_IO the_AT Resident_JJ Agent_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 is_VBZ also_RR available_JJ to_TO take_VVI statutory_JJ declarations_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Post_NN1 Office_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT only_JJ banking_NN1 agency_NN1 on_II the_AT Chathams_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Post_NN1 Office_NN1 works_VVZ well_RR with_IW other_JJ departments_NNJ2 and_CC the_AT Postmaster_NN1 has_VHZ close_JJ liaison_NN1 with_IW the_AT policeman_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL {_NULL MWD_NP }_NULL is_VBZ understaffed_JJ to_TO handle_VVI all_DB tasks_NN2 and_CC the_AT Post_NN1 Office_NN1 is_VBZ soon_RR to_TO bring_VVI in_II a_AT1 maintenance_NN1 team_NN to_TO upgrade_VVI the_AT Post_NN1 Office_NN1 at_II Waitangi_NP1 ._. ^ *<_NULL 2.1.8_MC *1_NULL Works_NN and_CC Development_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT {_NULL MWD_NP }_NULL has_VHZ three_MC officers_NN2 on_II the_AT Island_NN1 :_: the_AT Maintenance_NN1 Officer_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 carpenter_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 painter_NN1 and_CC in_RR21 addition_RR22 use_VV0 ,_, on_II contract_NN1 ,_, about_RG six_MC local_JJ tradesmen_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL With_IW this_DD1 team_NN they_PPHS2 maintain_VV0 130_MC major_JJ buildings_NN2 *-_- schools_NN2 ,_, offices_NN2 ,_, houses_NN2 \_NULL etc_RA *-_- on_II Chatham_NP1 and_CC Pitt_NP Islands_NNL2 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 274+TEXT+H10_FO **]_NULL ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT value_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 philosophy_NN1 ,_, and_CC of_IO goals_NN2 and_CC a_AT1 set_NN1 of_IO objectives_NN2 ,_, is_VBZ not_XX always_RR recognised_VVN ,_, and_CC there_EX is_VBZ a_AT1 widespread_JJ lack_NN1 of_IO written_JJ statements_NN2 of_IO philosophy_NN1 and_CC objectives_NN2 at_II hospital_NN1 management_NN level_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 may_VM appear_VVI to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 luxury_JJ if_CS one_PN1 is_VBZ under_RG intense_JJ pressure_NN1 of_IO work_NN1 ;_; yet_RR they_PPHS2 comprise_VV0 vital_JJ elements_NN2 in_II the_AT planning_NN1 process_NN1 ,_, inviting_VVG thought_NN1 and_CC discussion_NN1 about_II current_JJ procedures_NN2 and_CC practices_NN2 which_DDQ as_II a_AT1 result_NN1 can_VM be_VBI questioned_VVN and_CC changed_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL Objectives_NN2 also_RR sharpen_VV0 activities_NN2 so_CS21 that_CS22 efficiency_NN1 is_VBZ enhanced_VVN and_CC effectiveness_NN1 measured_VVD ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Some_DD individual_JJ services_NN2 and_CC professional_JJ groups_NN2 have_VH0 developed_VVN excellent_JJ philosophies_NN2 and_CC objectives_NN2 but_CCB these_DD2 are_VBR not_XX necessarily_RR supported_VVN by_II the_AT hospital_NN1 administration_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 results_VVZ in_II a_AT1 lack_NN1 of_IO coordination_NN1 between_II services_NN2 provided_VVN by_II various_JJ professional_JJ groups_NN2 and_CC contributes_VVZ to_II poor_JJ staff_NN morale_NN1 and_CC lack_NN1 of_IO job_NN1 interest_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Some_DD senior_JJ management_NN staff_NN state_VV0 that_CST they_PPHS2 have_VH0 objectives_NN2 but_CCB that_CST they_PPHS2 are_VBR not_XX written_VVN down_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 are_VBR ,_, therefore_RR ,_, unlikely_JJ to_TO be_VBI known_VVN by_II staff_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL Regular_JJ reviews_NN2 are_VBR not_XX undertaken_VVN to_TO assess_VVI achievements_NN2 and_CC to_TO produce_VVI current_JJ objectives_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Opportunities_NN2 are_VBR often_RR lacking_JJ for_IF personnel_NN2 at_II the_AT work-face_JJ to_TO contribute_VVI to_II the_AT formulation_NN1 of_IO philosophies_NN2 and_CC objectives_NN2 ,_, with_IW consequent_JJ frustration_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 sense_NN1 of_IO impotence_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL (_( b_ZZ1 )_) *1_NULL Quality_NN1 assurance_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Quality_NN1 assurance_NN1 is_VBZ very_RG poorly_RR developed_VVN with_IW a_AT1 general_JJ lack_NN1 of_IO formal_JJ programmes_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Some_DD individual_JJ health_NN1 professions_NN2 are_VBR introducing_VVG quality_NN1 assurance_NN1 within_II their_APPGE own_DA departments_NNJ2 ,_, but_CCB there_EX is_VBZ a_AT1 lack_NN1 of_IO coordination_NN1 between_II disciplines_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Overall_RR there_EX is_VBZ a_AT1 lack_NN1 of_IO informed_JJ leadership_NN1 and_CC direction_NN1 from_II hospital_NN1 management_NN in_II this_DD1 area_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT development_NN1 of_IO appropriate_JJ measurement_NN1 tools_NN2 is_VBZ hampered_VVN by_II the_AT absence_NN1 of_IO objectives_NN2 for_IF the_AT hospital_NN1 and_CC heavy_JJ clinical_JJ workloads_NN2 ,_, and_CC a_AT1 lack_NN1 of_IO appropriate_JJ experience_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL (_( c_ZZ1 )_) *1_NULL Administration_NNJ *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL A_AT1 feature_NN1 of_IO the_AT hospital_NN1 board_NN1 service_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT lack_NN1 of_IO interchange_NN1 of_IO senior_JJ administrative_JJ staff_NN between_II general_JJ hospitals_NN2 and_CC psychiatric_JJ hospitals_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL An_AT1 improved_JJ interchange_NN1 of_IO health_NN1 professionals_NN2 and_CC administrators_NN2 would_VM do_VDI much_RR to_TO improve_VVI communications_NN2 with_IW the_AT hospital_NN1 board_NN1 ,_, lessen_VV0 the_AT effects_NN2 of_IO physical_JJ remoteness_NN1 ,_, increase_NN1 the_AT awareness_NN1 of_IO the_AT substandard_JJ conditions_NN2 existing_VVG in_II many_DA2 psychiatric_JJ hospitals_NN2 ,_, and_CC improve_VV0 understanding_NN1 of_IO the_AT function_NN1 of_IO psychiatric_JJ hospitals_NN2 within_II the_AT board_NN1 and_CC in_II other_JJ board_NN1 institutions_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 needs_VVZ to_TO be_VBI understood_VVN that_CST the_AT management_NN of_IO a_AT1 psychiatric_JJ hospital_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 complex_JJ matter_NN1 ,_, demanding_VVG the_AT same_DA levels_NN2 of_IO skill_NN1 as_CSA the_AT management_NN of_IO a_AT1 general_JJ hospital_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II fact_NN1 ,_, the_AT level_NN1 of_IO resources_NN2 made_VVD available_JJ by_II boards_NN2 to_II psychiatric_JJ hospitals_NN2 probably_RR places_VVZ greater_JJR demands_NN2 to_TO exercise_VVI managerial_JJ skills_NN2 if_CS these_DD2 are_VBR to_TO be_VBI successfully_RR operated_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT increasing_JJ emphasis_NN1 on_II community_NN care_NN1 and_CC the_AT gradual_JJ reduction_NN1 of_IO inpatient_NN1 numbers_NN2 also_RR call_VV0 for_IF skills_NN2 in_II the_AT management_NN of_IO change_NN1 ,_, for_IF a_AT1 more_RGR flexible_JJ approach_NN1 to_TO care_VVI ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 could_VM be_VBI that_CST increased_VVD attention_NN1 to_II training_VVG in_II modern_JJ management_NN techniques_NN2 would_VM greatly_RR benefit_VVI management_NN practices_NN2 in_II psychiatric_JJ hospitals_NN2 ._. ^ *<_NULL (_( d_ZZ1 )_) *1_NULL Communication_NN1 within_II the_AT hospital_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT quality_NN1 of_IO communication_NN1 within_II hospitals_NN2 varies_VVZ from_II one_MC1 institution_NN1 to_II another_DD1 ,_, and_CC senior_JJ hospital_NN1 management_NN often_RR appear_VV0 isolated_JJ from_II staff_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT level_NN1 of_IO communication_NN1 is_VBZ directly_RR related_VVN to_II the_AT standard_NN1 of_IO care_NN1 since_CS the_AT implementation_NN1 of_IO new_JJ policies_NN2 relies_VVZ primarily_RR on_II the_AT dissemination_NN1 of_IO information_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL As_CSA with_IW the_AT development_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 philosophy_NN1 and_CC objectives_NN2 ,_, the_AT importance_NN1 of_IO formal_JJ consultation_NN1 and_CC involvement_NN1 in_II the_AT decision_NN1 making_VVG process_NN1 as_CC31 well_CC32 as_CC33 written_JJ communication_NN1 between_II all_DB levels_NN2 of_IO management_NN and_CC staff_NN is_VBZ not_XX recognised_VVN ._. ^ *<_NULL (_( e_ZZ1 )_) *1_NULL Official_JJ visitors_NN2 and_CC District_NN1 Inspectors_NN2 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT procedure_NN1 by_II which_DDQ official_JJ visitors_NN2 are_VBR appointed_VVN appears_VVZ to_TO be_VBI unsatisfactory_JJ because_CS it_PPH1 is_VBZ not_XX widely_RR known_VVN or_CC understood_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 further_JJR problem_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 lack_NN1 of_IO understanding_NN1 of_IO the_AT role_NN1 of_IO the_AT official_JJ visitor_NN1 both_RR by_II the_AT appointee_NN1 and_CC by_II hospital_NN1 staff_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT meeting_NN1 of_IO official_JJ visitors_NN2 held_VVN in_II June_NPM1 1985_MC appears_VVZ to_TO have_VHI gone_VVN some_DD way_NN1 towards_II overcoming_VVG these_DD2 problems_NN2 ,_, and_CC will_VM have_VHI served_VVN to_TO strengthen_VVI the_AT positive_JJ contribution_NN1 the_AT official_JJ visitors_NN2 can_VM make_VVI to_II patient_JJ care_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Official_JJ visitors_NN2 are_VBR generally_RR enthusiastic_JJ about_II their_APPGE role_NN1 and_CC accept_VV0 their_APPGE responsibilities_NN2 concerning_II the_AT lay_JJ aspects_NN2 of_IO day-to-day_JJ patient_JJ care_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT role_NN1 of_IO the_AT District_NN1 Inspectors_NN2 ,_, related_VVN as_CSA it_PPH1 is_VBZ to_II their_APPGE professional_JJ work_NN1 ,_, is_VBZ more_RGR clearly_RR understood_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT official_JJ visitor_NN1 and_CC District_NN1 Inspector_NN1 form_VV0 an_AT1 important_JJ resource_NN1 for_IF both_RR hospital_NN1 staff_NN and_CC patients_NN2 ,_, and_CC provide_VV0 a_AT1 vital_JJ link_NN1 with_IW the_AT community_NNJ ._. ^ *<_NULL (_( f_ZZ1 )_) *1_NULL Support_VV0 Services_NN2 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Many_DA2 boards_NN2 have_VH0 centralised_VVN support_NN1 services_NN2 ,_, {_NULL eg_REX }_NULL ,_, laundry_NN1 ,_, maintenance_NN1 ,_, and_CC transport_NN1 ,_, providing_VVG services_NN2 for_IF a_AT1 group_NN of_IO hospitals_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Few_DA2 psychiatric_JJ hospitals_NN2 are_VBR satisfied_VVN with_IW such_DA services_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, in_II many_DA2 hospitals_NN2 the_AT laundry_NN1 services_NN2 are_VBR seen_VVN as_CSA unsatisfactory_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ a_AT1 widespread_JJ feeling_NN1 that_CST a_AT1 centralised_JJ laundry_NN1 service_NN1 does_VDZ not_XX meet_VVI the_AT particular_JJ needs_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 psychiatric_JJ hospital_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Patients_NN2 in_II psychiatric_JJ hospitals_NN2 are_VBR increasingly_RR encouraged_VVN to_TO wear_VVI personalised_JJ clothing_NN1 and_CC often_RR such_DA clothing_NN1 is_VBZ unsuitable_JJ for_IF processing_VVG in_II large_JJ centralised_JJ laundries_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Consequently_NP1 clothing_NN1 is_VBZ washed_VVN in_II the_AT wards_NN2 ,_, and_CC nursing_JJ staff_NN are_VBR assuming_VVG a_AT1 very_RG large_JJ non-nursing_JJ task_NN1 indeed_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL Some_DD hospitals_NN2 also_RR complain_VV0 of_IO the_AT slow_JJ turn_NN1 around_RP in_II the_AT laundry_NN1 they_PPHS2 do_VD0 send_VVI to_II the_AT centralised_JJ laundry_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, at_II one_MC1 psychopaedic_JJ hospital_NN1 at_II times_NNT2 patients_NN2 may_VM have_VHI no_AT underwear_NN1 for_IF several_DA2 days_NNT2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II some_DD cases_NN2 where_CS there_EX are_VBR centralised_JJ services_NN2 ,_, staff_NN who_PNQS were_VBDR previously_RR used_JJ to_II having_VHG control_NN1 over_II their_APPGE own_DA services_NN2 ,_, make_VV0 little_RR attempt_VV0 to_TO cooperate_VVI with_IW the_AT centralised_JJ services_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 are_VBR ,_, however_RR ,_, remote_JJ from_II those_DD2 providing_VVG the_AT service_NN1 and_CC feel_VV0 a_AT1 sense_NN1 of_IO isolation_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Hospital_NN1 boards_NN2 with_IW centralised_JJ laundries_NN2 need_VV0 to_TO examine_VVI just_RR how_RGQ appropriate_JJ are_VBR the_AT systems_NN2 for_IF handling_VVG patient_JJ clothing_NN1 from_II psychiatric_JJ hospitals_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Questions_NN2 need_VV0 to_TO be_VBI addressed_VVN such_II21 as_II22 whether_CSW separate_JJ handling_NN1 of_IO such_DA clothing_NN1 at_II the_AT main_JJ laundry_NN1 is_VBZ possible_JJ ,_, or_CC whether_CSW more_DAR attention_NN1 needs_VVZ to_TO be_VBI paid_VVN to_II more_RGR effectively_RR laundering_VVG clothing_NN1 on_II the_AT wards_NN2 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL *<_NULL (_( 4_MC )_) *3_NULL HOSPITAL_NN1 FACILITIES_NN2 *>_NULL ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL *<_NULL *0_NULL (_( a_ZZ1 )_) *1_NULL Design_NN1 and_CC Evaluation_NN1 Unit_NN1 Report_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL During_II 1984_MC the_AT department_NNJ 's_GE Design_NN1 and_CC Evaluation_NN1 Unit_NN1 surveyed_VVD all_DB psychiatric_JJ hospitals_NN2 and_CC hospitals_NN2 for_IF the_AT intellectually_RR handicapped_VVD to_TO give_VVI a_AT1 general_JJ assessment_NN1 of_IO present_JJ buildings_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL This_DD1 *"_" screening_NN1 evaluation_NN1 **"_" is_VBZ intended_VVN to_TO give_VVI a_AT1 general_JJ appreciation_NN1 of_IO the_AT situation_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 must_VM be_VBI stressed_VVN that_CST the_AT condition_NN1 of_IO individual_JJ buildings_NN2 should_VM not_XX be_VBI taken_VVN out_II21 of_II22 context_NN1 and_CC that_CST if_CS there_EX are_VBR proposals_NN2 for_IF the_AT development_NN1 of_IO particular_JJ buildings_NN2 ,_, further_RRR detailed_JJ evaluation_NN1 is_VBZ necessary_JJ to_TO determine_VVI the_AT most_RGT appropriate_JJ course_NN1 of_IO action_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT assessments_NN2 are_VBR based_VVN on_II standard_JJ preliminary_JJ evaluation_NN1 procedures_NN2 used_VVN by_II the_AT unit_NN1 which_DDQ categorise_VV0 buildings_NN2 into_II four_MC groups_NN2 :_: __NULL |_NULL *1_NULL Category_NN1 A_ZZ1 *-_- *0_NULL Providing_VVG very_RG good_JJ standards_NN2 of_IO accommodation_NN1 for_IF the_AT function_NN1 for_IF which_DDQ it_PPH1 is_VBZ used_VVN ,_, whether_CSW it_PPH1 is_VBZ purpose_NN1 built_VVN or_CC upgraded_VVD ._. ^ |_NULL *1_NULL Category_NP1 B_NP1 *-_- *0_NULL Providing_VVG adequate_JJ facilities_NN2 and_CC standards_NN2 of_IO accommodation_NN1 for_IF the_AT purposes_NN2 for_IF which_DDQ it_PPH1 is_VBZ used_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL *1_NULL Category_NP1 C_NP1 *-_- *0_NULL Requiring_NP1 adaptation_NN1 ,_, replacement_NN1 or_CC essential_JJ additional_JJ facilities_NN2 to_TO provide_VVI adequate_JJ accommodation_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL *1_NULL Category_NP1 D_NP1 *-_- *0_NULL As_II21 for_II22 *'_" C_ZZ1 **'_" with_IW conditions_NN2 so_RG bad_JJ that_CST the_AT unit_NN1 will_VM cease_VVI to_TO function_VVI if_CSW steps_NN2 are_VBR not_XX taken_VVN in_RP the_AT near_JJ future_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL As_CSA all_DB buildings_NN2 do_VD0 not_XX fall_VVI neatly_RR into_II one_MC1 of_IO these_DD2 four_MC categories_NN2 ,_, further_RRR simple_JJ sub-division_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 classification_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN used_VVN where_RRQ appropriate_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Of_IO the_AT total_NN1 of_IO 244_MC inpatient_NN1 units_NN2 ,_, 54%_NNU are_VBR classified_VVN *'_" A_ZZ1 **'_" to_II *'_" B_ZZ1 **'_" inclusive_JJ and_CC provide_VV0 adequate_JJ to_II very_RG good_JJ standards_NN2 of_IO accommodation_NN1 ;_; 33.7%_FO are_VBR *'_" B-C_NP1 **'_" to_II *'_" C_ZZ1 **'_" inclusive_JJ and_CC provide_VV0 accommodation_NN1 which_DDQ will_VM require_VVI adaptation_NN1 ,_, some_DD replacement_NN1 or_CC additional_JJ facilities_NN2 at_II some_DD time_NNT1 in_II the_AT future_NN1 ;_; 12.3%_FO are_VBR *'_" C-D_NP1 **'_" to_II *'_" D_ZZ1 **'_" inclusive_JJ suggesting_NN1 that_CST their_APPGE future_JJ useful_JJ life_NN1 is_VBZ very_RG limited_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX are_VBR approximately_RR 311_MC other_JJ buildings_NN2 or_CC complexes_NN2 of_IO different_JJ types_NN2 and_CC function_NN1 within_II the_AT estate_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 hospitals_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Of_IO these_DD2 76.9%_FO are_VBR classififed_VVN *'_" A_ZZ1 **'_" to_II *'_" B_ZZ1 **'_" inclusive_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL These_DD2 are_VBR in_II very_RG good_JJ condition_NN1 and_CC suitable_JJ for_IF the_AT purposes_NN2 for_IF which_DDQ they_PPHS2 are_VBR being_VBG used_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT remaining_JJ buildings_NN2 or_CC complexes_NN2 in_II this_DD1 group_NN are_VBR not_XX in_II a_AT1 satisfactory_JJ condition_NN1 and_CC will_VM require_VVI some_DD upgrading_NN1 ,_, alteration_NN1 or_CC replacement_NN1 if_CS they_PPHS2 are_VBR to_TO continue_VVI to_TO be_VBI used_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Design_NN1 and_CC Evaluation_NN1 Unit_NN1 gained_VVD the_AT impression_NN1 that_CST since_CS the_AT previous_JJ survey_NN1 in_II 1978_MC ,_, there_EX has_VHZ been_VBN a_AT1 significant_JJ amount_NN1 of_IO upgrading_VVG undertaken_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL However_RR ,_, a_AT1 considerable_JJ amount_NN1 of_IO work_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 type_NN1 remains_VVZ to_TO be_VBI done_VDN as_CSA there_EX are_VBR still_RR important_JJ functional_JJ and_CC environmental_JJ deficiencies_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX are_VBR no_AT grounds_NN2 for_IF complacency_NN1 ,_, particularly_RR when_RRQ the_AT basic_JJ facilities_NN2 are_VBR compared_VVN with_IW those_DD2 available_JJ in_II general_JJ hospitals_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT unit_NN1 also_RR noted_VVD the_AT changing_JJ emphasis_NN1 in_II psychiatric_JJ hospitals_NN2 with_IW a_AT1 tendency_NN1 towards_II community_NN care_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 consequent_JJ reduction_NN1 in_II inpatient_NN1 numbers_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT dependency_NN1 of_IO those_DD2 remaining_VVG in_II hospital_NN1 is_VBZ tending_VVG to_TO be_VBI higher_JJR and_CC increasing_VVG ,_, reinforcing_VVG the_AT need_NN1 to_TO plan_VVI for_IF changing_VVG requirements_NN2 ._. ^ *<_NULL (_( b_ZZ1 )_) *1_NULL Review_VV0 team_NN comment_VV0 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL While_CS accepting_VVG in_RR21 general_RR22 the_AT structural_NN1 and_CC functional_JJ suitability_NN1 report_NN1 of_IO the_AT Design_NN1 and_CC Evaluation_NN1 Unit_NN1 and_CC acknowledging_VVG the_AT adequacy_NN1 of_IO the_AT grading_JJ criteria_NN2 used_VVN ,_, the_AT review_NN1 team_NN was_VBDZ sufficiently_RR concerned_JJ about_II the_AT standard_NN1 of_IO facilities_NN2 ,_, to_TO comment_VVI on_II a_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO matters_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Overall_RR many_DA2 wards_NN2 are_VBR bare_JJ ,_, unattractive_JJ and_CC depressing_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Although_CS many_DA2 of_IO the_AT buildings_NN2 are_VBR old_JJ this_DD1 should_VM not_XX necessarily_RR account_VVI for_IF their_APPGE appearance_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, some_DD wards_NN2 in_II old_JJ buildings_NN2 had_VHD been_VBN imaginatively_RR decorated_VVN to_TO create_VVI a_AT1 bright_JJ ,_, home-like_JJ environment_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ also_RR of_IO concern_NN1 that_CST although_CS it_PPH1 is_VBZ possible_JJ to_TO build_VVI well-designed_JJ facilities_NN2 ,_, too_RG often_RR the_AT design_NN1 of_IO new_JJ or_CC renovated_JJ facilities_NN2 perpetuate_VV0 the_AT problems_NN2 of_IO those_DD2 they_PPHS2 are_VBR replacing_VVG ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, with_II31 regard_II32 to_II33 individual_JJ privacy_NN1 and_CC dignity_NN1 ,_, there_EX is_VBZ often_RR a_AT1 lack_NN1 of_IO cubicles_NN2 and_CC curtaining_VVG in_II dormitories_NN2 ,_, and_CC ,_, for_IF longer_JJR stay_NN1 patients_NN2 ,_, some_DD toilets_NN2 and_CC bathrooms_NN2 have_VH0 no_AT doors_NN2 either_RR through_II lack_NN1 of_IO maintenance_NN1 or_CC so_CS the_AT few_DA2 nursing_JJ staff_NN can_VM more_RGR closely_RR supervise_VVI patients_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II some_DD wards_NN2 for_IF intellectually_RR handicapped_JJ residents_NN2 ,_, there_EX are_VBR toilets_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 bench_NN1 type_NN1 in_II open_JJ corridors_NN2 and_CC communal_JJ showers_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL These_DD2 conditions_NN2 were_VBDR seen_VVN in_II recently_RR upgraded_JJ facilities_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II other_JJ wards_NN2 toilet_NN1 and_CC bathroom_NN1 facilities_NN2 are_VBR inadequate_JJ in_II number_NN1 and_CC design_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II many_DA2 wards_NN2 there_EX is_VBZ little_DA1 space_NN1 for_IF personal_JJ possessions_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Facilities_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 these_DD2 have_VH0 an_AT1 impact_NN1 on_II staff_NN attitudes_NN2 ,_, behaviour_NN1 and_CC expectations_NN2 ,_, and_CC ultimately_RR affect_VV0 the_AT quality_NN1 of_IO patient_JJ care_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT size_NN1 of_IO the_AT wards_NN2 is_VBZ also_RR a_AT1 matter_NN1 of_IO major_JJ concern_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Units_NN2 containing_VVG more_RR21 than_RR22 40_MC beds_NN2 are_VBR common_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT review_NN1 team_NN is_VBZ strongly_RR of_IO the_AT view_NN1 that_CST for_IF personalised_JJ care_NN1 and_CC rehabilitation_NN1 ,_, admission_NN1 wards_NN2 should_VM have_VHI no_AT more_RR21 than_RR22 15_MC patients_NN2 and_CC no_AT ward_NN1 should_VM exceed_VVI 20_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL Most_DAT long_JJ stay_NN1 wards_NN2 should_VM be_VBI small_JJ enough_RR and_CC designed_VVN in_II such_DA a_AT1 way_NN1 as_CSA to_TO provide_VVI a_AT1 home-like_JJ environment_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ a_AT1 disturbing_JJ irony_NN1 that_CST the_AT mental_JJ health_NN1 service_NN1 actively_RR creates_VVZ mental_JJ health_NN1 behavioural_JJ problems_NN2 ,_, through_II institutionalisation_NN1 in_II large_JJ wards_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT present_JJ size_NN1 of_IO wards_NN2 plus_II the_AT rostering_JJ system_NN1 mean_VV0 that_CST in_II many_DA2 instances_NN2 staff_VV0 do_VD0 not_XX know_VVI patients_NN2 ,_, their_APPGE backgrounds_NN2 or_CC current_JJ problems_NN2 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL *<_NULL (_( 5_MC )_) *3_NULL COMMUNICATION_NN1 WITH_IW HOSPITAL_NN1 BOARDS_NNJ2 *>_NULL ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Communication_NN1 between_II individual_JJ psychiatric_JJ hospitals_NN2 and_CC hospitals_NN2 for_IF the_AT intellectually_RR handicapped_VVD ,_, and_CC hospital_NN1 boards_NN2 is_VBZ often_RR seen_VVN as_CSA satisfactory_JJ from_II the_AT board_NN1 's_VBZ perspective_NN1 while_CS almost_RR everywhere_RL it_PPH1 is_VBZ seen_VVN as_CSA unsatisfactory_JJ from_II the_AT hospital_NN1 's_VBZ point_NN1 of_IO view_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL We_PPIS2 believe_VV0 this_DD1 comes_VVZ about_RP because_CS senior_JJ board_NN1 management_NN may_VM not_XX always_RR have_VHI a_AT1 clear_JJ understanding_NN1 of_IO the_AT work_NN1 of_IO psychiatric_JJ hospitals_NN2 ,_, and_CC input_NN1 on_II matters_NN2 seen_VVN by_II the_AT hospital_NN1 as_CSA critical_JJ to_II its_APPGE day-to-day_JJ management_NN is_VBZ often_RR not_XX solicited_VVN by_II hospital_NN1 boards_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ a_AT1 widespread_JJ belief_NN1 among_II hospital_NN1 staff_NN that_CST the_AT needs_NN2 of_IO the_AT psychiatric_JJ hospital_NN1 receive_VV0 a_AT1 low_JJ priority_NN1 at_II board_NN1 level_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT geographic_JJ isolation_NN1 of_IO some_DD hospitals_NN2 hinders_VVZ communication_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ also_RR true_JJ that_CST the_AT management_NN groups_NN2 at_II psychiatric_JJ hospitals_NN2 do_VD0 at_II times_NNT2 fail_VV0 to_TO draw_VVI to_II the_AT attention_NN1 of_IO senior_JJ board_NN1 management_NN deficiencies_NN2 and_CC problems_NN2 with_IW which_DDQ they_PPHS2 require_VV0 assistance_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Few_DA2 hospital_NN1 boards_NN2 have_VH0 a_AT1 service_NN1 plan_NN1 for_IF psychiatric_JJ services_NN2 as_II a_AT1 whole_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Where_RRQ plans_NN2 are_VBR being_VBG developed_VVN ,_, hospital_NN1 staff_NN are_VBR often_RR unaware_JJ that_CST such_DA exercises_NN2 are_VBR being_VBG undertaken_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL Hospital_NN1 staff_NN at_II various_JJ levels_NN2 are_VBR given_VVN little_DA1 encouragement_NN1 to_TO contribute_VVI ,_, and_CC when_RRQ they_PPHS2 do_VD0 ,_, feedback_NN1 from_II the_AT board_NN1 is_VBZ limited_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL A_AT1 consequence_NN1 of_IO poor_JJ communication_NN1 is_VBZ uncertainty_NN1 about_II the_AT future_JJ role_NN1 of_IO the_AT hospital_NN1 contributing_VVG to_II low_JJ staff_NN morale_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Any_DD apparent_JJ lack_NN1 of_IO understanding_VVG by_II hospital_NN1 boards_NN2 may_VM reflect_VVI a_AT1 lack_NN1 of_IO personal_JJ experience_NN1 in_II a_AT1 psychiatric_JJ setting_NN1 and_CC thus_RR less_RRR than_CSN full_JJ appreciation_NN1 of_IO the_AT special_JJ functions_NN2 and_CC needs_NN2 of_IO psychiatric_JJ hospitals_NN2 and_CC of_IO what_DDQ can_VM and_CC should_VM be_VBI achieved_VVN by_II a_AT1 modern_JJ psychiatric_JJ service_NN1 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 275+TEXT+H11_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL There_EX is_VBZ also_RR a_AT1 need_NN1 for_IF qualified_JJ nurses_NN2 to_TO accept_VVI the_AT responsibility_NN1 that_CST goes_VVZ along_II21 with_II22 professional_JJ status_NN1 and_CC staffing_VVG by_II a_AT1 qualified_JJ workforce_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 includes_VVZ accepting_JJ responsibility_NN1 for_IF the_AT need_NN1 to_TO staff_VVI hospitals_NN2 on_II a_AT1 24-hour_JJ basis_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL A2:14_FO Culture_NN1 and_CC nursing_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Bicultural_NP1 and_CC multi-ethnic_JJ issues_NN2 are_VBR not_XX treated_VVN separately_RR but_CCB are_VBR addressed_VVN throughout_II the_AT report_NN1 ,_, in_II31 keeping_II32 with_II33 the_AT bicutural_JJ stance_NN1 taken_VVN by_II the_AT workshop_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL A2:15_FO The_AT preparation_NN1 and_CC employment_NN1 of_IO enrolled_JJ nurses_NN2 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL A_AT1 cost-effective_JJ national_JJ system_NN1 for_IF the_AT preparation_NN1 of_IO enrolled_JJ nurses_NN2 is_VBZ essential_JJ and_CC there_EX is_VBZ a_AT1 need_NN1 to_TO balance_VVI regional_JJ resources_NN2 with_IW the_AT multiplicity_NN1 of_IO programmes_NN2 offered_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT availability_NN1 of_IO educational_JJ resources_NN2 also_RR influences_VVZ whether_CSW training_NN1 becomes_VVZ incorporated_VVN into_II inservice_NN1 education_NN1 departments_NNJ2 ,_, a_AT1 trend_NN1 already_RR apparent_JJ in_II some_DD smaller_JJR training_NN1 hospitals_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT programme_NN1 for_IF enrolment_NN1 should_VM remain_VVI within_II the_AT hospital_NN1 setting_NN1 as_CSA it_PPH1 is_VBZ essential_JJ that_CST it_PPH1 be_VBI undertaken_VVN on-the-job_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Entry_NN1 to_II programmes_NN2 should_VM be_VBI determined_VVN by_II guidelines_NN2 set_VV0 by_II each_DD1 board_NN1 ,_, taking_VVG into_II account_NN1 academic_JJ preparation_NN1 ,_, expectations_NN2 ,_, availability_NN1 of_IO recruits_NN2 and_CC other_JJ factors_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL A_AT1 review_NN1 of_IO the_AT practice_NN1 parameters_NN2 of_IO the_AT enrolled_JJ nurse_NN1 must_VM be_VBI undertaken_VVN before_II a_AT1 case_NN1 can_VM be_VBI made_VVN for_IF altering_VVG either_RR the_AT length_NN1 or_CC structure_NN1 of_IO the_AT current_JJ programme_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT enrolled_JJ nurse_NN1 (_( who_PNQS functions_VVZ under_II the_AT supervision_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 registered_JJ nurse_NN1 or_CC medical_JJ practitioner_NN1 )_) cares_VVZ for_IF patients_NN2 whose_DDQGE needs_NN2 are_VBR predictable_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Despite_II this_DD1 ,_, there_EX is_VBZ no_AT clearly_RR identified_JJ role_NN1 or_CC place_NN1 for_IF the_AT enrolled_JJ nurse_NN1 within_II the_AT health_NN1 care_NN1 system_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 adds_VVZ weight_NN1 to_II the_AT need_NN1 to_TO review_VVI not_XX only_RR the_AT preparation_NN1 of_IO enrolled_JJ nurses_NN2 but_CCB also_RR how_RRQ they_PPHS2 are_VBR used_VVN in_II the_AT system_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT role_NN1 of_IO the_AT enrolled_JJ nurse_NN1 is_VBZ an_AT1 important_JJ one_PN1 and_CC can_VM not_XX be_VBI seen_VVN in_II isolation_NN1 from_II other_JJ nursing_JJ roles_NN2 ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL A2:16_FO The_AT preparation_NN1 of_IO midwives_NN2 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT preparation_NN1 of_IO midwives_NN2 within_II the_AT Advanced_JJ Diploma_NN1 in_II Nursing_JJ course_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 key_JJ issue_NN1 and_CC the_AT current_JJ national_JJ review_NN1 of_IO the_AT Advanced_JJ Diploma_NN1 in_II Nursing_JJ courses_NN2 will_VM address_VVI this_DD1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Any_DD comment_NN1 on_II this_DD1 issue_NN1 would_VM pre-empt_NN1 the_AT outcome_NN1 of_IO that_DD1 review_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *6_NULL PART_NN1 B_ZZ1 PRIORITIES_NN2 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL After_II discussion_NN1 of_IO the_AT issues_NN2 and_CC acceptance_NN1 of_IO working_JJ group_NN1 reports_NN2 ,_, all_DB groups_NN2 were_VBDR asked_VVN to_TO identify_VVI and_CC then_RT rank_JJ priority_NN1 areas_NN2 for_IF further_JJR consideration_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ considerable_JJ overlap_NN1 in_II the_AT lists_NN2 from_II the_AT four_MC groups_NN2 ,_, and_CC from_II their_APPGE combined_JJ reports_NN2 sixteen_MC priority_NN1 issues_NN2 were_VBDR identified_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL Within_II the_AT constraints_NN2 of_IO the_AT time_NNT1 available_JJ it_PPH1 was_VBDZ not_XX possible_JJ to_TO address_VVI every_AT1 identifiable_JJ issue_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Some_DD ,_, such_II21 as_II22 the_AT preparation_NN1 of_IO midwives_NN2 and_CC the_AT matter_NN1 of_IO *"_" bridging_VVG **"_" courses_NN2 ,_, although_CS recognised_VVN as_CSA important_JJ ,_, were_VBDR not_XX dealt_VVN with_IW in_II detail_NN1 as_CSA it_PPH1 was_VBDZ known_VVN that_CST both_DB2 were_VBDR currently_RR under_RG detailed_JJ investigation_NN1 elsewhere_RL ._. ^ ^_NULL Others_NN2 could_VM be_VBI addressed_VVN more_RGR effectively_RR at_II regional_JJ rather_CS21 than_CS22 at_II national_JJ level_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT sixteen_MC priority_NN1 issues_NN2 were_VBDR :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ recognised_VVN that_CST underpinning_VVG the_AT recommendations_NN2 arising_VVG from_II these_DD2 issues_NN2 three_MC conditions_NN2 must_VM exist_VVI :_: __NULL |_NULL *-_- the_AT development_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 national_JJ health_NN1 policy_NN1 to_TO provide_VVI an_AT1 informed_JJ base_NN1 for_IF determining/_FO defining_VVG the_AT nursing_JJ component_NN1 within_II the_AT health_NN1 system_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 bicultural_JJ approach_NN1 with_IW multicultural_JJ sensitivity_NN1 is_VBZ an_AT1 essential_JJ and_CC integral_JJ part_NN1 of_IO such_DA a_AT1 policy_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT policy_NN1 would_VM determine_VVI the_AT emphasis_NN1 to_TO be_VBI placed_VVN on_II the_AT preventive_JJ ,_, health_NN1 promotive_JJ and_CC health_NN1 maintenance_NN1 services_NN2 and_CC the_AT caring_NN1 ,_, curative_JJ sectors_NN2 of_IO the_AT health_NN1 services_NN2 and_CC give_VV0 direction_NN1 for_IF the_AT preparation_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 appropriately_RR prepared_JJ nursing_JJ workforce_NN1 ,_, |_NULL *-_- a_AT1 spirit_NN1 of_IO co-operation_NN1 and_CC goodwill_NN1 by_II all_DB parties_NN2 in_II the_AT endeavour_NN1 to_TO provide_VVI a_AT1 health_NN1 service_NN1 that_CST meets_VVZ the_AT needs_NN2 of_IO our_APPGE society_NN ,_, |_NULL *-_- recognition_NN1 that_DD1 action_NN1 on_II the_AT recommendations_NN2 will_VM require_VVI allocation_NN1 or_CC re-allocation_NN1 of_IO financial_JJ resources_NN2 to_TO underpin_VVI all_DB activities_NN2 within_II the_AT education_NN1 and_CC nursing_JJ services_NN2 and_CC that_CST this_DD1 condition_NN1 be_VBI drawn_VVN to_II the_AT attention_NN1 of_IO the_AT relevant_JJ authorities_NN2 ._. ^ *<_NULL *6_NULL PART_NN1 C_ZZ1 *>_NULL ^ *<_NULL C1:O_FO RECOMMENDATIONS_NN2 AND_CC PROPOSALS_NN2 FOR_IF ACTION_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT sixteen_MC priority_NN1 issues_NN2 were_VBDR divided_VVN among_II the_AT working_JJ groups_NN2 and_CC each_DD1 group_NN was_VBDZ asked_VVN to_TO bring_VVI to_II plenary_JJ session_NNT1 recommendations_NN2 for_IF dealing_VVG with_IW the_AT issues_NN2 allocated_VVD to_II them_PPHO2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT range_NN1 of_IO recommendations_NN2 was_VBDZ scrutinised_VVN in_II plenary_NN1 for_IF possible_JJ gaps_NN2 or_CC duplication_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL While_CS the_AT explanatory_JJ comment_NN1 and_CC proposals_NN2 for_IF specific_JJ action_NN1 and_CC monitoring_NN1 were_VBDR developed_VVN in_II small_JJ groups_NN2 ,_, the_AT groups_NN2 and_CC the_AT workshop_NN1 in_II plenary_NN1 reached_VVD consensus_NN1 on_II the_AT content_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT presentation_NN1 of_IO Part_NN1 C_ZZ1 to_II some_DD extent_NN1 reflects_VVZ the_AT process_NN1 of_IO developing_VVG the_AT content_NN1 within_II separate_JJ groups_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT recommendations_NN2 express_VV0 principles_NN2 ,_, and_CC the_AT proposals_NN2 give_VV0 guidelines_NN2 for_IF action_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ expected_VVN that_CST different_JJ individuals_NN2 ,_, groups_NN2 and_CC organisations_NN2 would_VM use_VVI these_DD2 to_TO develop_VVI the_AT specific_JJ details_NN2 relevant_JJ to_II them_PPHO2 ,_, and_CC that_DD1 such_DA detail_NN1 could_VM not_XX be_VBI appropriately_RR developed_VVN by_II this_DD1 workshop_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 would_VM continue_VVI the_AT review_NN1 as_II an_AT1 ongoing_JJ process_NN1 ,_, and_CC not_XX one_PN1 which_DDQ concluded_VVD with_IW the_AT publication_NN1 of_IO the_AT report_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II31 keeping_II32 with_II33 the_AT bicultural_JJ stance_NN1 taken_VVN by_II the_AT workshop_NN1 ,_, cultural_JJ matters_NN2 are_VBR integrated_VVN throughout_II the_AT recommendations_NN2 ._. ^ *<_NULL *6_NULL C1:1_FO DEVELOPMENT_NN1 OF_IO CO-ORDINATED_JJ NATIONAL_JJ HEALTH_NN1 AND_CC NURSING_JJ WORKFORCE_NN1 POLICY_NN1 AND_CC ASSOCIATED_JJ PLANNING_NN1 *>_NULL ^ *<_NULL *0_NULL Recommendation_NN1 1_MC1 National_JJ health_NN1 policy_NN1 *>_NULL ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL That_CST the_AT Government_NNJ develop_VV0 a_AT1 national_JJ health_NN1 policy_NN1 to_TO provide_VVI direction_NN1 for_IF the_AT development_NN1 of_IO health_NN1 services_NN2 and_CC that_CST a_AT1 bicultural_JJ approach_NN1 with_IW multicultural_JJ sensitivity_NN1 be_VBI an_AT1 integral_JJ part_NN1 of_IO such_DA a_AT1 health_NN1 policy_NN1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL To_TO provide_VVI an_AT1 organised_JJ ,_, equitable_JJ and_CC effective_JJ health_NN1 service_NN1 which_DDQ reflects_VVZ the_AT changing_JJ needs_NN2 of_IO New_JJ Zealanders_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 co-ordinated_JJ national_JJ health_NN1 policy_NN1 is_VBZ necessary_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 policy_NN1 will_VM provide_VVI a_AT1 basis_NN1 for_IF workforce_NN1 planning_NN1 and_CC other_JJ economic_JJ measures_NN2 and_CC will_VM help_VVI to_TO allay_VVI some_DD of_IO the_AT concerns_NN2 experienced_VVN by_II consumers_NN2 of_IO health_NN1 care_NN1 services_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II the_AT absence_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 national_JJ policy_NN1 ,_, planning_NN1 will_VM continue_VVI to_TO be_VBI based_VVN on_II assumptions_NN2 and_CC an_AT1 incomplete_JJ and_CC inadequate_JJ data_NN base_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL Recommendation_NN1 2_MC National_JJ health_NN1 workforce_NN1 plan_NN1 *>_NULL ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL That_CST the_AT Department_NNJ of_IO Health_NN1 be_VBI asked_VVN to_TO develop_VVI a_AT1 national_JJ health_NN1 workforce_NN1 plan_NN1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Upon_II publication_NN1 of_IO the_AT national_JJ health_NN1 policy_NN1 the_AT Department_NNJ of_IO Health_NN1 should_VM establish_VVI a_AT1 mechanism_NN1 for_IF developing_VVG a_AT1 health_NN1 workforce_NN1 plan_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL Recommendation_NN1 3_MC Nursing_JJ workforce_NN1 plan_NN1 *>_NULL ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL That_CST the_AT nursing_JJ workforce_NN1 plan_NN1 be_VBI reviewed_VVN in_II41 the_II42 light_II43 of_II44 the_AT outcome_NN1 of_IO Recommendations_NN2 1_MC1 and_CC 2_MC ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ an_AT1 urgent_JJ need_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 coordinated_JJ nursing_JJ workforce_NN1 plan_VV0 to_TO determine_VVI projected_JJ needs_NN2 for_IF nursing_VVG within_II acceptable_JJ limits_NN2 and_CC to_TO meet_VVI identified_JJ needs_NN2 in_II specific_JJ areas_NN2 (_( for_REX21 example_REX22 psychiatric_JJ ,_, psychopaedic_JJ ,_, gerontological_JJ )_) ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II31 view_II32 of_II33 weighty_JJ concerns_NN2 expressed_VVN in_II the_AT submissions_NN2 which_DDQ highlight_VV0 inadequate_JJ and_CC deteriorating_VVG staffing_JJ levels_NN2 ,_, particularly_RR in_II psychiatric_JJ ,_, psychopaedic_JJ and_CC geriatric_JJ areas_NN2 ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ apparent_JJ that_CST there_EX is_VBZ an_AT1 urgent_JJ need_NN1 for_IF this_DD1 to_TO be_VBI addressed_VVN ._. ^ *<_NULL *6_NULL C1:2_FO DEFINITION_NN1 OF_IO THE_AT SCOPE_NN1 AND_CC PRACTICE_NN1 OF_IO NURSING_NN1 AND_CC THE_AT RELATIVE_JJ ROLE_NN1 AND_CC FUNCTION_NN1 OF_IO FIRST_MD AND_CC SECOND_MD LEVEL_JJ NURSES_NN2 *>_NULL ^ *<_NULL *0_NULL Recommendation_NN1 4_MC The_AT scope_NN1 and_CC function_NN1 of_IO nursing_NN1 *>_NULL ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL That_CST the_AT scope_NN1 and_CC function_NN1 of_IO nursing_NN1 be_VBI redefined_VVN in_II the_AT context_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 changing_JJ New_NP Zealand_NP1 society_NN ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT current_JJ pattern_NN1 of_IO nursing_JJ care_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN established_VVN for_IF generations_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Little_RR coordinated_JJ effort_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN made_VVN to_TO relate_VVI this_DD1 to_II changing_VVG social_JJ ,_, cultural_JJ ,_, economic_JJ and_CC demographic_JJ conditions_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT submissions_NN2 to_II this_DD1 review_NN1 have_VH0 highlighted_VVN differing_VVG expectations_NN2 of_IO the_AT role_NN1 of_IO the_AT nurse_NN1 between_II consumers_NN2 and_CC practitioners_NN2 in_II both_DB2 hospitals_NN2 and_CC the_AT community_NNJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Alongside_II this_DD1 ,_, significant_JJ technological_JJ advances_NN2 have_VH0 increased_VVN demands_NN2 on_II the_AT education_NN1 and_CC training_NN1 of_IO professional_JJ staff_NN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT introduction_NN1 of_IO comprehensive_JJ nursing_JJ courses_NN2 has_VHZ been_VBN in_II part_NN1 an_AT1 attempt_NN1 to_TO meet_VVI this_DD1 challenge_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Further_JJR revisions_NN2 are_VBR necessary_JJ and_CC desirable_JJ to_TO ensure_VVI that_DD1 professional_JJ nursing_JJ care_NN1 relates_VVZ to_II an_AT1 ongoing_JJ series_NN of_IO demands_NN2 for_IF nursing_VVG expertise/_FO skills_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Proposals_NN2 for_IF action_NN1 include_VV0 that_DD1 :_: __NULL |_NULL (_( **=_NULL i_ZZ1 )_) a_AT1 jointly_JJ funded_JJ exercise_NN1 be_VBI undertaken_VVN immediately_RR by_II the_AT Department_NNJ of_IO Health_NN1 and_CC the_AT nursing_JJ profession_NN1 ,_, through_II its_APPGE representative_JJ organisations_NN2 ,_, to_TO identify_VVI the_AT scope_NN1 and_CC function_NN1 of_IO the_AT registered_JJ nurse_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT outcome_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 exercise_NN1 could_VM then_RT be_VBI presented_VVN for_IF discussion_NN1 at_II a_AT1 national_JJ forum_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL This_DD1 exercise_NN1 will_VM enable_VVI clarification_NN1 of_IO the_AT scope_NN1 and_CC function_NN1 of_IO the_AT enrolled_JJ nurse_NN1 ._. ^ (_( ^_NULL It_PPH1 will_VM also_RR facilitate_VVI effective_JJ use_NN1 of_IO resources_NN2 and_CC it_PPH1 will_VM provide_VVI a_AT1 data_NN base_VV0 to_TO determine_VVI an_AT1 appropriate_JJ ratio_NN1 of_IO registered_JJ and_CC enrolled_JJ nurses_NN2 addressed_VVD in_II Recommendation_NN1 5_MC ,_, )_) |_NULL (_( **=_NULL ii_MC )_) active_JJ consideration_NN1 be_VBI given_VVN to_II the_AT following_JJ points_NN2 :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL *<_NULL Recommendation_NN1 5_MC The_AT nature_NN1 and_CC organisation_NN1 of_IO nursing_JJ practice_NN1 *>_NULL ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL That_CST the_AT nursing_JJ profession_NN1 initiate_VV0 a_AT1 review_NN1 of_IO the_AT nature_NN1 and_CC organisation_NN1 of_IO nursing_JJ practice_NN1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Recommendation_NN1 4_MC addressed_VVD the_AT redefinition_NN1 of_IO the_AT scope_NN1 and_CC function_NN1 of_IO nursing_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ necessary_JJ before_II the_AT nature_NN1 and_CC organisation_NN1 of_IO nursing_JJ practice_NN1 can_VM be_VBI reviewed_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL These_DD2 two_MC issues_NN2 are_VBR closely_RR related_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT organisation_NN1 of_IO nursing_JJ practice_NN1 includes_VVZ matters_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 the_AT ratio_NN1 of_IO registered_JJ and_CC enrolled_JJ nurses_NN2 and_CC appropriate_JJ career_NN1 structures_NN2 for_IF nurses_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL People_NN have_VH0 the_AT right_JJ to_TO expect_VVI that_DD1 professional_JJ nursing_JJ services_NN2 are_VBR provided_VVN by_II a_AT1 qualified_JJ nursing_JJ workforce_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 has_VHZ implications_NN2 for_IF workforce_NN1 planning_NN1 ,_, including_II the_AT recruitment_NN1 ,_, selection_NN1 ,_, employment_NN1 and_CC retention_NN1 of_IO nurses_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Proposals_NN2 for_IF action_NN1 include_VV0 that_DD1 :_: __NULL |_NULL (_( **=_NULL i_ZZ1 )_) the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 Nurses_NN2 '_GE Association_NNJ approach_VV0 the_AT Department_NNJ of_IO Health_NN1 to_TO initiate_VVI task_NN1 forces_VVZ to_TO review_VVI the_AT nature_NN1 and_CC organisation_NN1 of_IO nursing_JJ practice_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL These_DD2 task_NN1 forces_NN2 should_VM be_VBI jointly_RR funded_VVN by_II the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 Nurses_NN2 '_GE Association_NNJ ,_, the_AT Department_NNJ of_IO Health_NN1 ,_, employer_NN1 representatives_NN2 and_CC other_JJ groups_NN2 where_RRQ applicable_JJ ,_, |_NULL (_( **=_NULL ii_MC )_) these_DD2 task_NN1 forces_NN2 include_VV0 nurses_NN2 from_II the_AT workforce_NN1 ,_, nurse_NN1 managers_NN2 ,_, and_CC educators_NN2 and_CC actively_RR seek_VV0 the_AT views_NN2 of_IO involved_JJ and_CC interested_JJ professional_JJ and_CC lay_JJ groups_NN2 through_II innovative_JJ means_NN and_CC culturally_RR appropriate_JJ methods_NN2 ,_, |_NULL (_( **=_NULL iii_MC )_) the_AT outcomes_NN2 of_IO this_DD1 review_NN1 of_IO nursing_JJ practice_NN1 should_VM be_VBI accepted_VVN in_II principle_NN1 by_II all_DB parties_NN2 before_II dissemination_NN1 to_TO practice_VVI settings_NN2 in_II the_AT form_NN1 of_IO guidelines_NN2 ._. ^ *<_NULL *6_NULL C1:3_FO PROVISION_NN1 OF_IO EQUITABLE_JJ ACCESS_NN1 TO_II NURSING_JJ COURSES_NN2 THROUGH_II AFFIRMATIVE_JJ ACTION_NN1 FOR_IF TARGETED_JJ GROUPS_NNJ2 (_( IN_RR21 PARTICULAR_RR22 MAORI_JJ AND_CC PACIFIC_NP1 ISLAND_NN1 PEOPLE_NN )_) *>_NULL ^ *<_NULL *0_NULL Recommendation_NN1 6_MC Equal_JJ opportunities/_FO affirmative_JJ action_NN1 *>_NULL ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL That_DD1 mechanisms_NN2 be_VBI put_VVN in_II place_NN1 to_TO ensure_VVI that_CST there_EX are_VBR equal_JJ opportunities_NN2 for_IF all_DB ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Proposals_NN2 for_IF action_NN1 include_VV0 that_DD1 :_: __NULL |_NULL (_( **=_NULL i_ZZ1 )_) the_AT Departments_NNJ2 of_IO Health_NN1 and_CC Education_NN1 **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL __NULL |_NULL (_( a_ZZ1 )_) review_VV0 recruiting_VVG campaigns_NN2 in_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO attract_VVI to_II the_AT profession_NN1 such_DA under-represented_VVD groups_NN2 as_CSA men_NN2 and_CC Maori_NP1 and_CC Pacific_NP Island_NNL1 people_NN ._. ^ |_NULL (_( b_ZZ1 )_) set_VVD up_RP a_AT1 national_JJ programme_NN1 to_TO promote_VVI nursing_VVG as_II a_AT1 profession_NN1 to_II potential_JJ recruits_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 process_NN1 includes_VVZ consulting_VVG with_IW technical_JJ institutes_NNJ2 ,_, employing_VVG agencies_NN2 and_CC key_JJ people_NN in_II the_AT community_NNJ ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL (_( **=_NULL ii_MC )_) the_AT National_JJ Council_NNJ of_IO Maori_JJ Nurses_NN2 and_CC local_JJ Maori_JJ groups_NN2 be_VBI involved_JJ in_II the_AT recruitment_NN1 and_CC selection_NN1 of_IO Maori_JJ applicants_NN2 ,_, |_NULL (_( **=_NULL iii_MC )_) in_II31 addition_II32 to_II33 academic_JJ requirements_NN2 the_AT criteria_NN2 for_IF selection_NN1 to_II nursing_JJ courses_NN2 and_CC programmes_NN2 take_VV0 cognisance_NN1 of_IO differing_VVG cultures_NN2 ,_, attributes_NN2 and_CC aptitudes_NN2 of_IO applicants_NN2 ,_, |_NULL (_( **=_NULL iv_MC )_) technical_JJ institutes_NNJ2 establish_VV0 active_JJ mechanisms_NN2 to_TO encourage_VVI the_AT inclusion_NN1 and_CC promotion_NN1 of_IO opportunities_NN2 for_IF groups_NN2 which_DDQ are_VBR currently_RR under-represented_VVN in_II the_AT nursing_JJ workforce_NN1 ,_, |_NULL (_( **=_NULL v_ZZ1 )_) men_NN2 be_VBI encouraged_VVN to_TO undertake_VVI nursing_VVG as_II a_AT1 career_NN1 ,_, whilst_CS at_II the_AT same_DA time_NNT1 career_NN1 opportunities_NN2 for_IF women_NN2 in_II nursing_NN1 are_VBR maintained_VVN and_CC promoted_VVN ._. ^ *<_NULL *6_NULL C1:4_FO PROMOTION_NN1 AND_CC MARKETING_NN1 OF_IO NURSING_NN1 *>_NULL ^ *<_NULL *0_NULL Recommendation_NN1 7_MC Promoting_JJ entry_NN1 into_II the_AT nursing_JJ profession_NN1 *>_NULL ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL That_CST the_AT Workforce_NP1 Development_NN1 Group_NNJ of_IO the_AT Department_NNJ of_IO Health_NN1 prepare_VV0 a_AT1 brief_JJ to_TO facilitate_VVI joint_JJ involvement_NN1 of_IO the_AT department_NNJ ,_, New_NP Zealand_NP1 Nurses_NN2 '_GE Association_NNJ ,_, employer_NN1 and_CC employee_NN1 organisations_NN2 in_II the_AT development_NN1 of_IO programmes_NN2 promoting_VVG entry_NN1 into_II the_AT nursing_JJ profession_NN1 ,_, including_II mechanisms_NN2 for_IF widespread_JJ dissemination_NN1 of_IO information_NN1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT co-ordinated_JJ nursing_NN1 and_CC health_NN1 workforce_NN1 plan_NN1 will_VM determine_VVI the_AT mix_NN1 of_IO the_AT future_JJ nursing_JJ workforce_NN1 and_CC thus_RR identify_VV0 the_AT specific_JJ areas_NN2 for_IF targeting_VVG and_CC other_JJ special_JJ promotion_NN1 strategies_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL A_AT1 positive_JJ image_NN1 of_IO nursing_NN1 needs_VVZ to_TO be_VBI portrayed_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ an_AT1 uneven_JJ distribution_NN1 of_IO ethnic_JJ minorities_NN2 and_CC men_NN2 in_II nursing_JJ courses_NN2 throughout_II the_AT country_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ due_JJ in_II part_NN1 to_II the_AT location_NN1 of_IO the_AT various_JJ technical_JJ institutes/_FO community_NNJ colleges_NN2 which_DDQ offer_VV0 nursing_JJ courses_NN2 and_CC to_II the_AT size_NN1 of_IO intakes_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT imbalance_NN1 in_II ethnic_JJ groupings_NN2 entering_VVG the_AT nursing_JJ profession_NN1 needs_VVZ to_TO be_VBI redressed_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL Account_NN1 needs_VVZ to_TO be_VBI taken_VVN of_IO the_AT particular_JJ ethnic_JJ mix_NN1 in_II the_AT geographical_JJ area_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ a_AT1 need_NN1 to_TO increase_VVI the_AT proportion_NN1 of_IO males_NN2 entering_VVG nursing_JJ courses_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ a_AT1 need_NN1 to_TO recruit_VVI nursing_JJ students_NN2 from_II a_AT1 diminishing_JJ pool_NN1 of_IO appropriately_RR educated_JJ school_NN1 leavers_NN2 at_II a_AT1 time_NNT1 when_RRQ a_AT1 wider_JJR choice_NN1 of_IO career_NN1 options_NN2 is_VBZ being_VBG encouraged_VVN *-_- particularly_RR via_II the_AT *"_" Girls_NN2 Can_VM Do_VDI Anything_PN1 **"_" campaign_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ a_AT1 need_NN1 for_IF appropriate_JJ career_NN1 counselling_NN1 for_IF school_NN1 pupils_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ a_AT1 need_NN1 for_IF students_NN2 in_II areas_NN2 without_IW technical_JJ institute_NN1 nursing_VVG courses_NN2 to_TO have_VHI access_NN1 to_II nearby_JJ institutes_NNJ2 with_IW nursing_JJ courses_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Proposals_NN2 for_IF action_NN1 include_VV0 that_DD1 :_: __NULL |_NULL (_( **=_NULL i_ZZ1 )_) professional_JJ public_JJ relations_NN2 consultants_NN2 be_VBI employed_VVN to_TO assist_VVI in_II the_AT development_NN1 of_IO promotional_JJ material_NN1 to_TO ensure_VVI a_AT1 positive_JJ image_NN1 of_IO nursing_NN1 is_VBZ portrayed_VVN ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 276+TEXT+H12_FO **]_NULL ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL Scheme_NN1 D_ZZ1 is_VBZ a_AT1 more_RGR recent_JJ addition_NN1 to_II the_AT original_JJ list_NN1 of_IO possible_JJ schemes_NN2 for_IF development_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT station_NN1 characteristics_NN2 are_VBR a_AT1 revision_NN1 of_IO those_DD2 included_VVN in_II the_AT previous_JJ document_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT maximum_JJ control_NN1 levels_NN2 quoted_VVN in_II table_NN1 14_MC represent_VV0 the_AT maximum_JJ lake_NN1 elevations_NN2 that_CST would_VM occur_VVI at_II each_DD1 dam_NN1 site_NN1 during_II normal_JJ operation_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL All_DB stations_NN2 incorporate_VV0 adequate_JJ generating_JJ capacity_NN1 to_TO pass_VVI 850_MC \_NULL m_NNU *:_NULL 3_MC **:_NULL /_FO \_NULL sec_NNU (_( the_AT full_JJ load_NN1 discharge_NN1 of_IO Clyde_NP1 power_NN1 station_NN1 )_) and_CC any_DD excess_JJ flows_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ could_VM not_XX be_VBI stored_VVN within_II the_AT 2_MC \_NULL m_NNU operating_NN1 range_NN1 ,_, would_VM be_VBI discharged_VVN via_II spillway_NN1 and/or_CC sluice_NN1 facilities_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Each_DD1 dam_NN1 incorporates_VVZ a_AT1 1_MC1 \_NULL m_NNU flood_NN1 range_NN1 for_IF the_AT controlled_JJ passage_NN1 of_IO a_ZZ1 1:500_MC year_NNT1 flood_NN1 event_NN1 and_CC all_DB dams_NN2 would_VM have_VHI adequate_JJ discharge_NN1 facilities_NN2 to_TO pass_VVI the_AT Probable_JJ Maximum_JJ Flood_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT total_JJ amount_NN1 of_IO storage_NN1 available_JJ in_II the_AT proposed_JJ reservoirs_NN2 is_VBZ small_JJ and_CC no_AT significant_JJ reductions_NN2 in_II flood_NN1 sizes_NN2 below_II Tuapeka_NP1 Mouth_NN1 would_VM be_VBI possible_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Otago_NP1 Catchment_NN1 Board_NNJ has_VHZ carried_VVN out_RP a_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO studies_NN2 to_TO assess_VVI the_AT effects_NN2 of_IO hydro-electric_JJ generation_NN1 at_II Roxburgh_NP1 power_NN1 station_NN1 on_II channel_NN1 erosion_NN1 ,_, river_NN1 mouth_NN1 instability_NN1 and_CC gravity_NN1 drainage_NN1 from_II the_AT lower_JJR Clutha_NP1 delta_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT results_NN2 of_IO their_APPGE investigation_NN1 are_VBR discussed_VVN in_II their_APPGE publications_NN2 *"_" Clutha_NP1 Catchment_NN1 Water_NN1 Allocation_NN1 Plan_VV0 *-_- a_AT1 Land_NN1 and_CC Water_NN1 Resource_NN1 Inventory_NN1 of_IO the_AT Clutha_NP1 Catchment_NN1 **"_" (_( reference_NN1 \_NULL No_AT 32_MC )_) ,_, and_CC *"_" Water_NN1 Resource_NN1 Inventory_NN1 Review_NN1 (_( 1985_MC )_) **"_" (_( reference_NN1 \_NULL No_AT 33_MC )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ considered_VVN that_CST some_DD improvement_NN1 in_II river_NN1 stability_NN1 and_CC drainage_NN1 could_VM be_VBI achieved_VVN by_II minimising_VVG daily_JJ discharge_NN1 variations_NN2 from_II the_AT lowest_JJT dam_NN1 and_CC achieving_VVG some_DD reregulation_NN1 in_II the_AT river_NN1 flow_VV0 downstream_RL of_IO Tuapeka_NP1 Mouth_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Various_JJ possible_JJ operation_NN1 strategies_NN2 for_IF Clyde_NP1 ,_, Roxburgh_NP1 and_CC a_AT1 series_NN of_IO lower_JJR Clutha_NP1 stations_NN2 are_VBR discussed_VVN in_II reference_NN1 \_NULL No_AT 30_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT full_JJ operating_NN1 range_NN1 of_IO Roxburgh_NP1 could_VM be_VBI used_VVN to_TO absorb_VVI the_AT large_JJ discharge_NN1 variations_NN2 from_II Clyde_NP1 in_II an_AT1 attempt_NN1 to_TO reregulate_VVI flows_NN2 and_CC minimise_NN1 discharge_NN1 variations_NN2 from_II Roxburgh_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Although_CS a_AT1 considerable_JJ amount_NN1 of_IO reregulation_NN1 by_II Roxburgh_NP1 appears_VVZ possible_JJ ,_, system_NN1 demand_NN1 and_CC river_NN1 flow_NN1 variations_NN2 would_VM probably_RR render_VVI complete_JJ reregulation_NN1 impractical_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT development_NN1 of_IO additional_JJ power_NN1 stations_NN2 on_II the_AT river_NN1 downstream_RL of_IO Roxburgh_NP1 ,_, could_VM provide_VVI further_JJR opportunities_NN2 for_IF achieving_VVG reregulation_NN1 on_II the_AT river_NN1 below_II Tuapeka_NP1 Mouth_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT adoption_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 operation_NN1 strategy_NN1 which_DDQ virtually_RR eliminated_JJ variations_NN2 in_II discharge_NN1 below_II Tuapeka_NP1 Mouth_NN1 could_VM be_VBI considered_VVN to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 worthwhile_JJ goal_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL However_RR ,_, preliminary_JJ studies_NN2 indicate_VV0 that_DD1 reregulation_NN1 of_IO the_AT river_NN1 could_VM effectively_RR reduce_VVI the_AT peak_NN1 generating_VVG capability_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 Clyde_NP1 to_II Tuapeka_NP1 Mouth_NN1 hydro-electric_JJ development_NN1 by_II up_RG21 to_RG22 15_MC percent_NNU and_CC cause_VV0 significant_JJ reservoir_NN1 level_JJ fluctuations_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Daily_JJ reservoir_NN1 level_JJ fluctuations_NN2 would_VM vary_VVI over_RP a_AT1 distribution_NN1 of_IO values_NN2 ,_, depending_II21 on_II22 the_AT amount_NN1 of_IO river_NN1 inflow_NN1 and_CC the_AT generation_NN1 pattern_NN1 adopted_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL Preliminary_JJ studies_NN2 indicate_VV0 that_DD1 reregulation_NN1 of_IO the_AT river_NN1 from_II scheme_NN1 A_ZZ1 would_VM necessitate_VVI a_AT1 daily_JJ lake_NN1 level_JJ fluctuation_NN1 of_IO 1_MC1 \_NULL m_NNU ,_, upstream_JJ of_IO a_AT1 dam_NN1 at_II Tuapeka_NP1 Mouth_NN1 ,_, for_IF a_AT1 fully_RR developed_VVD Clutha_NP1 system_NN1 operating_VVG in_II a_AT1 peak_NN1 loading_VVG mode_NN1 during_II mean_JJ river_NN1 inflows_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL For_IF scheme_NN1 D_ZZ1 ,_, operating_VVG under_II similar_JJ conditions_NN2 ,_, daily_JJ lake_NN1 level_JJ fluctuations_NN2 in_II31 excess_II32 of_II33 1_MC1 \_NULL m_NNO would_VM be_VBI necessary_JJ upstream_JJ of_IO dams_NN2 at_II Tuapeka_NP1 Mouth_NN1 and_CC Birch_NP Island_NNL1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT operation_NN1 rules_NN2 finally_RR adopted_VVN for_IF a_AT1 particular_JJ hydro-electric_JJ scheme_NN1 on_II the_AT lower_JJR Clutha_NP1 could_VM have_VHI significant_JJ upstream_JJ and_CC downstream_JJ implications_NN2 on_II both_DB2 the_AT water_NN1 resource_NN1 and_CC its_APPGE various_JJ uses_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Studies_NN2 completed_VVD to_TO date_VVI have_VH0 provided_VVN an_AT1 indication_NN1 of_IO the_AT likely_JJ effects_NN2 that_CST could_VM accompany_VVI each_DD1 scheme_NN1 generating_VVG under_II a_AT1 series_NN of_IO alternative_JJ operation_NN1 strategies_NN2 ,_, ranging_VVG from_II existing_JJ Roxburgh_NP1 discharge_NN1 patterns_NN2 to_II reregulation_NN1 of_IO river_NN1 flows_VVZ downstream_RL of_IO Tuapeka_NP1 Mouth_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL At_II a_AT1 later_JJR investigation_NN1 stage_NN1 (_( {_NULL eg_REX }_NULL ,_, the_AT preparation_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 environmental_JJ impact_NN1 report_NN1 on_II a_AT1 particular_JJ hydro-electric_JJ scheme_NN1 for_IF development_NN1 on_II the_AT lower_JJR Clutha_NP1 )_) it_PPH1 will_VM be_VBI necessary_JJ to_TO carry_VVI out_RP additional_JJ studies_NN2 to_TO determine_VVI a_AT1 preferred_JJ operation_NN1 strategy_NN1 for_IF the_AT Clutha_NP1 system_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL All_DB of_IO the_AT schemes_NN2 included_VVN in_II this_DD1 report_NN1 are_VBR capable_JJ of_IO being_VBG operated_VVN in_II a_AT1 manner_NN1 which_DDQ achieves_VVZ reregulation_NN1 of_IO the_AT river_NN1 below_II Tuapeka_NP1 Mouth_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL All_DB four_MC schemes_NN2 include_VV0 a_AT1 Dumbarton_NP Rock_NNL1 component_NN1 which_DDQ could_VM comprise_VVI a_AT1 dam_NN1 at_II Dumbarton_NP Rock_NNL1 ,_, a_AT1 canal_NN1 across_II the_AT Teviot_NP1 Flat_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 powerhouse_NN1 on_II the_AT left_JJ bank_NN1 of_IO the_AT river_NN1 opposite_JJ Marsh_NP Road_NNL1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT quantity_NN1 of_IO water_NN1 available_JJ for_IF electricity_NN1 generation_NN1 from_II such_DA an_AT1 arrangement_NN1 would_VM be_VBI affected_VVN by_II any_DD minimum_JJ residual_JJ flow_NN1 requirement_NN1 in_II the_AT existing_JJ river_NN1 channel_NN1 downstream_RL of_IO Dumbarton_NP Rock_NNL1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_RR21 general_RR22 terms_NN2 ,_, an_AT1 increase_NN1 in_II minimum_JJ residual_JJ flow_NN1 from_II 25_MC \_NULL m_NNU *:_NULL 3_MC **:_NULL /_FO \_NULL sec_NNU to_II 75_MC \_NULL m_NNU *:_NULL 3_MC **:_NULL /_FO \_NULL sec_NNU (_( 5_MC to_II 15_MC percent_NNU of_IO mean_JJ river_NN1 flow_NN1 )_) would_VM reduce_VVI annual_JJ generation_NN1 by_II some_DD 10_MC percent_NNU (_( 460_MC \_NULL GWh_NP1 to_II 410_MC \_NULL GWh_NP1 )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL For_IF the_AT purposes_NN2 of_IO this_DD1 report_NN1 it_PPH1 has_VHZ been_VBN assumed_VVN that_CST a_AT1 minimum_JJ residual_JJ flow_NN1 of_IO 50_MC \_NULL m_NNU *:_NULL 3_MC **:_NULL /_FO \_NULL sec_NNU would_VM be_VBI required_VVN in_II the_AT existing_JJ riverbed_JJ downstream_JJ of_IO Dumbarton_NP Rock_NNL1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Alternatively_NP1 ,_, the_AT same_DA hydraulic_JJ head_NN1 could_VM be_VBI developed_VVN at_II Dumbarton_NP Rock_NNL1 by_II deepening_VVG the_AT river_NN1 channel_NN1 upstream_RL of_IO Marsh_NP Road_NNL1 and_CC constructing_VVG a_ZZ1 dam/_FO powerhouse_NN1 complex_NN1 at_II the_AT proposed_JJ dam_NN1 site_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL With_IW such_DA an_AT1 arrangement_NN1 there_EX would_VM be_VBI no_AT requirement_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 residual_JJ river_NN1 flow_NN1 and_CC the_AT properties_NN2 on_II Teviot_NP1 Flat_NN1 would_VM remain_VVI essentially_RR unaffected_JJ by_II development_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Installed_VVN capacity_NN1 and_CC annual_JJ generation_NN1 at_II Dumbarton_NP Rock_NNL1 would_VM increase_VVI to_II 110_MC \_NULL MW_NNU and_CC 480_MC \_NULL GWh/annum_FO respectively_RR (_( see_VV0 table_NN1 14_MC )_) ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Any_DD later_JJR decision_NN1 to_TO further_RRR investigate_VVI the_AT merits_NN2 of_IO a_ZZ1 Dumbarton_NP Rock_NNL1 development_NN1 would_VM have_VHI to_TO consider_VVI the_AT relative_JJ advantages_NN2 and_CC disadvantages_NN2 of_IO each_DD1 possible_JJ alternative_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Such_DA an_AT1 investigation_NN1 would_VM have_VHI to_TO include_VVI a_AT1 residual_JJ flow_NN1 study_NN1 to_II more_RGR adequately_RR determine_VV0 an_AT1 acceptable_JJ minimum_JJ residual_JJ flow_NN1 for_IF the_AT river_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Minimum_JJ residual_JJ flows_NN2 in_II the_AT river_NN1 would_VM be_VBI increased_VVN during_II the_AT passage_NN1 of_IO floodwaters_NN2 and_CC other_JJ flows_NN2 surplus_NN1 to_II generation_NN1 requirements_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 Dumbarton_NP Rock_NNL1 dam/_FO canal/_FO powerhouse_NN1 scheme_NN1 component_NN1 would_VM be_VBI operated_VVN in_II a_AT1 manner_NN1 which_DDQ ensured_VVD that_CST the_AT rates_NN2 of_IO change_NN1 of_IO flow_NN1 in_II the_AT residual_JJ river_NN1 would_VM be_VBI kept_VVN within_II reasonable_JJ limits_NN2 ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL 3.3.3_MC Dumbarton_NP Rock_NNL1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL As_CSA mentioned_VVN above_II a_AT1 Dumbarton_NP Rock_NNL1 power_NN1 station_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 common_JJ component_NN1 of_IO all_DB schemes_NN2 included_VVN in_II this_DD1 report_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL An_AT1 integrated_JJ dam/_FO powerhouse_NN1 development_NN1 at_II Dumbarton_NP Rock_NNL1 would_VM operate_VVI under_RG a_AT1 gross_NNO hydraulic_JJ head_NN1 of_IO about_RG 11_MC \_NULL m_NNU at_II mean_JJ river_NN1 inflow_NN1 conditions_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Such_DA a_AT1 complex_NN1 would_VM produce_VVI relatively_RR expensive_JJ power_NN1 and_CC the_AT economics_NN of_IO development_NN1 could_VM be_VBI significantly_RR improved_VVN by_II either_DD1 :_: __NULL |_NULL (_( a_ZZ1 )_) constructing_VVG a_AT1 canal_NN1 across_II Teviot_NP1 Flat_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 powerhouse_NN1 on_II the_AT left_JJ bank_NN1 of_IO the_AT river_NN1 downstream_RL of_IO Marsh_NP Road_NNL1 to_TO increase_VVI the_AT gross_JJ hydraulic_JJ head_NN1 to_II some_DD 16_MC \_NULL m_ZZ1 ;_; or_CC |_NULL (_( b_ZZ1 )_) deepening_VVG the_AT river_NN1 channel_NN1 upstream_RL of_IO Marsh_NP Road_NNL1 to_TO increase_VVI the_AT hydraulic_JJ head_NN1 to_II some_DD 16_MC \_NULL m_NNU at_II a_AT1 Dumbarton_NP Rock_NNL1 integrated_JJ dam/_FO powerhouse_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Both_DB2 alternatives_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN investigated_VVN in_II detail_NN1 and_CC both_DB2 are_VBR considered_VVN feasible_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT single_JJ dam/_FO powerhouse_NN1 complex_NN1 at_II Dumbarton_NP Rock_NNL1 would_VM not_XX significantly_RR affect_VVI the_AT properties_NN2 on_II Teviot_NP1 Flat_NN1 and_CC would_VM utilise_VVI a_AT1 higher_JJR proportion_NN1 of_IO the_AT available_JJ river_NN1 flow_NN1 ;_; however_RR ,_, its_APPGE long_JJ term_NN1 generation_NN1 potential_NN1 could_VM be_VBI affected_VVN by_II any_DD later_JJR necessity_NN1 to_TO sluice_VVI accumulated_JJ materials_NN2 from_II the_AT small_JJ Dumbarton_NP Rock_NNL1 reservoir_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Studies_NN2 completed_VVD to_TO date_VVI indicate_VV0 that_CST the_AT single_JJ dam/_FO powerhouse_NN1 complex_NN1 at_II Dumbarton_NP Rock_NNL1 would_VM have_VHI a_AT1 slight_JJ economic_JJ advantage_NN1 over_II the_AT dam/_FO canal/_FO powerhouse_NN1 alternative_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL On_II the_AT other_JJ hand_NN1 the_AT absence_NN1 of_IO the_AT canal_NN1 would_VM make_VVI community_NNJ irrigation_NN1 of_IO Millers_NP1 Flat_RR more_RGR expensive_JJ to_TO develop_VVI because_II21 of_II22 the_AT resulting_JJ increase_NN1 in_II the_AT length_NN1 of_IO the_AT supply_NN1 line_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL All_DB schemes_NN2 included_VVN in_II this_DD1 report_NN1 incorporate_VV0 the_AT dam/_FO canal/_FO powerhouse_NN1 development_NN1 alternative_NN1 at_II Dumbarton_NP Rock_NNL1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 choice_NN1 does_VDZ not_XX indicate_VVI an_AT1 engineering_NN1 preference_NN1 for_IF the_AT alternative_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 merely_RR provides_VVZ the_AT opportunity_NN1 to_TO identify_VVI and_CC discuss_VVI likely_JJ downstream_JJ impacts_NN2 that_CST would_VM accompany_VVI the_AT construction_NN1 and_CC operation_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 canal_NN1 across_II Teviot_NP1 Flat_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 powerhouse_NN1 on_II the_AT left_JJ bank_NN1 of_IO the_AT river_NN1 downstream_RL of_IO Marsh_NP Road_NNL1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Impacts_NN2 at_II the_AT Dumbarton_NP Rock_NNL1 dam_NN1 site_NN1 would_VM be_VBI reasonably_RR similar_JJ for_IF either_DD1 alternative_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT main_JJ features_NN2 of_IO a_ZZ1 Dumbarton_NP Rock_NNL1 power_NN1 station_NN1 would_VM be_VBI :_: *<_NULL (_( **=_NULL i_ZZ1 )_) Dumbarton_NP Rock_NNL1 Dam_NP1 Site_NN1 and_CC Reservoir_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT geology_NN1 of_IO the_AT dam_NN1 site_NN1 area_NN1 is_VBZ dominated_VVN by_II bedrock_NN1 schist_NN1 overlain_NN1 by_II some_DD 8_MC \_NULL m_NNU of_IO gravels_NN2 in_II the_AT existing_JJ riverbed_JJ ,_, and_CC Tertiary_JJ sediments_NN2 and_CC gravels_NN2 between_II the_AT existing_JJ State_NN1 highway_NN1 and_CC the_AT prominent_JJ rock_NN1 outcrop_NN1 on_II the_AT right_JJ bank_NN1 of_IO the_AT river_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Seismic_JJ profiling_NN1 and_CC drilling_NN1 indicate_VV0 that_DD1 rock_NN1 quality_NN1 at_II the_AT proposed_JJ dam_NN1 site_NN1 is_VBZ variable_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Good_JJ rock_NN1 conditions_NN2 exist_VV0 in_II both_DB2 abutments_NN2 and_CC across_II the_AT majority_NN of_IO the_AT existing_JJ riverbed_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 narrow_JJ zone_NN1 of_IO sheared_JJ and_CC shattered_JJ rock_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN identified_VVN within_II the_AT existing_JJ river_NN1 channel_NN1 adjacent_II21 to_II22 the_AT right_JJ abutment_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ considered_VVN that_CST the_AT proposed_JJ site_NN1 offers_VVZ good_JJ foundation_NN1 conditions_NN2 for_IF the_AT construction_NN1 of_IO the_AT dam_NN1 or_CC dam_NN1 and_CC powerhouse_NN1 facilities_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT type_NN1 of_IO development_NN1 presently_RR envisaged_VVD at_II the_AT dam_NN1 site_NN1 would_VM comprise_VVI a_AT1 gate_NN1 controlled_VVD spillway_NN1 approximately_RR 15_MC \_NULL m_NNU high_JJ in_II the_AT existing_JJ riverbed_JJ ,_, a_AT1 gate_NN1 controlled_VVD canal_NN1 inlet_NN1 structure_NN1 on_II the_AT left_JJ bank_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 gate_NN1 controlled_VVN diversion/_FO auxilliary_JJ spillway_NN1 facility_NN1 on_II the_AT right_JJ bank_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Any_DD downstream_JJ residual_JJ flow_NN1 requirement_NN1 would_VM be_VBI accommodated_VVN by_II the_AT continual_JJ operation_NN1 of_IO one_MC1 or_CC more_DAR spillway_NN1 gates_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL For_IF the_AT combined_JJ dam/_FO powerhouse_NN1 alternative_NN1 ,_, the_AT powerhouse_NN1 would_VM be_VBI situated_VVN within_II the_AT existing_JJ riverbed_JJ and_CC all_DB diversion_NN1 and_CC spillway_NN1 facilities_NN2 would_VM be_VBI provided_VVN on_II the_AT right_JJ bank_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL At_II a_AT1 maximum_JJ control_NN1 level_NN1 of_IO 85.5_MC \_NULL m_NNU the_AT reservoir_NN1 would_VM be_VBI largely_RR confined_VVN within_II the_AT existing_JJ river_NN1 channel_NN1 and_CC would_VM extend_VVI to_II Roxburgh_NP1 power_NN1 station_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Two_MC existing_JJ landslides_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN identified_VVN in_II the_AT reservoir_NN1 reach_VV0 *-_- the_AT Roxburgh_NP1 Slide_NP1 ,_, on_II the_AT right_JJ bank_NN1 of_IO the_AT river_NN1 between_II Roxburgh_NP1 and_CC Roxburgh_NP1 power_NN1 station_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT Benger_NP1 Slide_NP1 on_II the_AT right_JJ bank_NN1 of_IO the_AT river_NN1 between_II Roxburgh_NP1 and_CC Dumbarton_NP Rock_NNL1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Roxburgh_NP1 Slide_NP1 does_VDZ not_XX extend_VVI down_RP to_II the_AT existing_JJ river_NN1 channel_NN1 and_CC would_VM not_XX be_VBI affected_VVN by_II the_AT proposed_JJ reservoir_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 short_JJ section_NN1 of_IO the_AT Benger_NP1 Slide_NP1 does_VDZ extend_VVI down_RP to_II the_AT existing_JJ river_NN1 channel_NN1 ;_; however_RRQV the_AT proposed_JJ reservoir_NN1 would_VM have_VHI no_AT significant_JJ effect_NN1 on_II its_APPGE existing_JJ stability_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL (_( **=_NULL ii_MC )_) Dumbarton_NP Rock_NNL1 Canal_NP1 and_CC Powerhouse_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT length_NN1 of_IO the_AT canal_NN1 ,_, between_II the_AT canal_NN1 inlet_NN1 structure_NN1 and_CC the_AT powerhouse_NN1 ,_, would_VM be_VBI approximately_RR 4.5_MC \_NULL km_NNU ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT water_NN1 depth_NN1 in_II the_AT canal_NN1 would_VM be_VBI approximately_RR 10_MC \_NULL m_NNO and_CC the_AT water_NN1 surface_NN1 width_NN1 would_VM approximate_VVI 60_MC \_NULL m_NNU ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT entire_JJ waterway_NN1 area_NN1 would_VM be_VBI concrete_JJ lined_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Between_II the_AT Dumbarton_NP Rock_NNL1 dam_NN1 site_NN1 and_CC the_AT proposed_JJ powerhouse_NN1 site_NN1 the_AT basement_NN1 schist_NN1 is_VBZ overlain_NN1 by_II Tertiary_JJ sediments_NN2 and_CC late_RR Quaternary_JJ terrace_NN1 gravels_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Seismic_JJ profiling_NN1 and_CC drilling_NN1 indicate_VV0 that_CST the_AT entire_JJ canal_NN1 would_VM be_VBI located_VVN in_II gravels_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL With_IW the_AT adoption_NN1 of_IO 2:1_MC excavation_NN1 slopes_NN2 and_CC the_AT inclusion_NN1 of_IO adequate_JJ access_NN1 berms_VVZ the_AT overall_JJ canal_NN1 excavation_NN1 width_NN1 would_VM approximate_VVI 80_MC \_NULL m_NNU ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL For_IF the_AT canal/_FO powerhouse_NN1 altenative_JJ the_AT powerhouse_NN1 would_VM be_VBI located_VVN on_II the_AT left_JJ bank_NN1 of_IO the_AT river_NN1 ,_, approximately_RR 1_MC1 \_NULL km_NNU downstream_RL of_IO Marsh_NP Road_NNL1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT powerhouse_NN1 would_VM be_VBI founded_VVN on_II bedrock_NN1 schist_NN1 which_DDQ is_VBZ overlain_NN1 at_II the_AT proposed_JJ site_NN1 by_II up_RG21 to_RG22 20_MC \_NULL m_NNU of_IO Tertiary_JJ sediments_NN2 and_CC gravels_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Slopes_NN2 of_IO 2:1_MC to_II 3:1_MC would_VM be_VBI necessary_JJ at_II the_AT site_NN1 to_TO achieve_VVI adequate_JJ stability_NN1 in_II the_AT overlying_JJ materials_NN2 ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL 3.3.4_MC Beaumont_NP1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL A_AT1 Beaumont_NP1 development_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 common_JJ component_NN1 of_IO schemes_NN2 A_ZZ1 and_CC D._NP1 |_NULL ^_NULL An_AT1 investigation_NN1 programme_NN1 was_VBDZ initiated_VVN at_II the_AT site_NN1 in_II 1982_MC and_CC found_VVD material_NN1 which_DDQ was_VBDZ generally_RR indicative_JJ of_IO a_AT1 very_RG strong_JJ relatively_RR unfractured_JJ rock_NN1 mass_NN1 ,_, with_IW little_DA1 weathering_JJ penetration_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL While_CS the_AT investigation_NN1 indicated_VVD that_CST the_AT site_NN1 would_VM provide_VVI good_JJ foundation_NN1 conditions_NN2 for_IF the_AT proposed_JJ dam_NN1 and_CC powerhouse_NN1 ,_, the_AT topography_NN1 of_IO the_AT site_NN1 would_VM have_VHI necessitated_VVN a_AT1 diversion_NN1 of_IO the_AT river_NN1 through_II a_AT1 tunnel_NN1 in_II the_AT right_JJ abutment_NN1 during_II construction_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 tunnel_NN1 diversion_NN1 would_VM have_VHI been_VBN a_AT1 very_RG expensive_JJ solution_NN1 for_IF the_AT relatively_RR low_JJ head_NN1 ,_, minimum_JJ impact_NN1 development_NN1 envisaged_VVD at_II Beaumont_NP1 and_CC investigation_NN1 moved_VVD some_DD 400_MC \_NULL m_NNU downstream_RL ,_, where_CS a_AT1 cheaper_JJR open-cut_JJ diversion_NN1 of_IO the_AT river_NN1 during_II construction_NN1 appeared_VVD possible_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT geology_NN1 of_IO the_AT preferred_JJ downstream_JJ site_NN1 is_VBZ dominated_VVN by_II bedrock_NN1 schist_NN1 which_DDQ is_VBZ overlain_NN1 by_II some_DD 8_MC \_NULL m_NNU of_IO gravel_NN1 in_II the_AT existing_JJ riverbed_JJ ,_, and_CC up_RG21 to_RG22 5_MC \_NULL m_NNU of_IO sand_NN1 and_CC gravel_NN1 on_II the_AT left_JJ bank_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Investigation_NN1 results_NN2 indicate_VV0 that_DD1 excellent_JJ rock_NN1 conditions_NN2 exist_VV0 in_II both_DB2 abutments_NN2 and_CC across_II the_AT majority_NN of_IO the_AT existing_JJ riverbed_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 zone_NN1 of_IO sheared_JJ and_CC crushed_JJ rock_NN1 ,_, some_DD 10_MC \_NULL m_NNU in_II total_JJ width_NN1 ,_, has_VHZ been_VBN identified_VVN in_II the_AT existing_JJ river_NN1 channel_NN1 adjacent_II21 to_II22 the_AT right_JJ abutment_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ considered_VVN that_CST the_AT downstream_JJ site_NN1 offers_VVZ good_JJ foundation_NN1 conditions_NN2 for_IF the_AT construction_NN1 of_IO the_AT proposed_JJ dam_NN1 and_CC powerhouse_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT type_NN1 of_IO development_NN1 presently_RR envisaged_VVD at_II the_AT site_NN1 would_VM comprise_VVI a_AT1 30_MC \_NULL m_NNU high_JJ concrete_JJ gravity_NN1 dam_NN1 and_CC powerhouse_NN1 in_II the_AT existing_JJ riverbed_JJ ,_, and_CC gate_NN1 controlled_VVD diversion_NN1 and_CC spillway_NN1 facilities_NN2 on_II the_AT left_JJ bank_NN1 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 277+TEXT+H13_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL *0_NULL *"_" (_( 5_MC )_) ^_NULL Every_AT1 licensee_NN1 who_PNQS fails_VVZ to_TO keep_VVI records_NN2 sufficient_JJ to_TO enable_VVI the_AT Collector_NN1 to_TO readily_RR ascertain_VVI his_APPGE liability_NN1 to_II duty_NN1 commits_VVZ an_AT1 offence_NN1 and_CC shall_VM be_VBI liable_JJ to_II a_AT1 fine_JJ not_XX exceeding_JJ *+_NULL $2,000_NNU ._. ^ |_NULL *"_" (_( 6_MC )_) ^_NULL Every_AT1 licensee_NN1 who_PNQS fails_VVZ to_TO supply_VVI the_AT Collector_NN1 with_IW sufficient_JJ records_NN2 to_TO enable_VVI his_APPGE liability_NN1 to_TO be_VBI readily_RR ascertained_VVN or_CC who_PNQS fails_VVZ when_RRQ requested_VVN by_II the_AT Collector_NN1 to_TO operate_VVI the_AT mechanical_JJ or_CC electronic_JJ device_NN1 on_II which_DDQ records_NN2 are_VBR stored_VVN so_BCL21 as_BCL22 to_TO allow_VVI the_AT Collector_NN1 to_TO ascertain_VVI readily_RR the_AT information_NN1 contained_VVD therein_RR ,_, commits_VVZ an_AT1 offence_NN1 and_CC shall_VM be_VBI liable_JJ to_II a_AT1 fine_JJ not_XX exceeding_JJ *+_NULL $500_NNU together_II21 with_II22 a_AT1 fine_JJ of_IO *+_NULL $50_NNU for_IF every_AT1 day_NNT1 that_CST the_AT licensee_NN1 continues_VVZ to_TO offend_VVI ._. ^ |_NULL *"_" 97_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL *4_NULL Power_NN1 to_TO question_VVI persons_NN2 *-_- *0_NULL (_( 1_MC1 )_) ^_NULL Where_CS any_DD question_NN1 has_VHZ arisen_VVN under_II this_DD1 Part_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 Act_NN1 ,_, the_AT Collector_NN1 may_VM question_VVI any_DD person_NN1 as_II21 to_II22 the_AT particulars_NN2 shown_VVN in_II any_DD entry_NN1 delivered_VVD to_II him_PPHO1 by_II a_AT1 licensee_NN1 in_II31 accordance_II32 with_II33 this_DD1 Act_NN1 ,_, or_CC any_DD person_NN1 dealing_VVG in_II dutiable_JJ goods_NN2 for_IF any_DD purpose_NN1 relating_VVG to_II the_AT administration_NN or_CC enforcement_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 Act_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL *"_" (_( 2_MC )_) ^_NULL Any_DD person_NN1 who_PNQS ,_, on_II being_VBG so_RG questioned_JJ ,_, refuses_NN2 or_CC fails_VVZ to_TO answer_VVI any_DD questions_NN2 so_CS put_VVN to_II him_PPHO1 or_CC to_TO answer_VVI any_DD such_DA question_NN1 in_II writing_VVG if_CSW so_CS required_VVN by_II the_AT Collector_NN1 ,_, or_CC answers_VVZ any_DD such_DA question_NN1 incorrectly_RR ,_, commits_VVZ an_AT1 offence_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL *"_" 98_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL *4_NULL Duty_NN1 payable_JJ on_II goods_NN2 consumed_VVD before_II removal_NN1 from_II licensed_JJ premises_NN2 *-_- ^_NULL Duty_NN1 shall_VM be_VBI payable_JJ on_II goods_NN2 consumed_VVD before_II removal_NN1 from_II a_AT1 licensed_JJ premises_NN2 **[_NULL sic_RR **]_NULL in_II the_AT same_DA manner_NN1 as_CSA if_CS the_AT goods_NN2 had_VHD been_VBN removed_VVN on_II the_AT date_NN1 they_PPHS2 had_VHD been_VBN consumed_VVN and_CC the_AT provisions_NN2 of_IO this_DD1 Act_NN1 shall_VM ,_, with_IW all_DB necessary_JJ modifications_NN2 ,_, apply_VV0 accordingly_RR ._. ^ |_NULL *"_" 99_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL *4_NULL Goods_NN2 not_XX to_TO be_VBI removed_VVN without_IW permission_NN1 *-_- (_( 1_MC1 )_) ^_NULL Except_CS as_CSA provided_VVN by_II this_DD1 Act_NN1 ,_, no_AT goods_NN2 that_CST are_VBR subject_II21 to_II22 the_AT control_NN1 of_IO the_AT Customs_NN2 shall_VM be_VBI removed_VVN from_II any_DD licensed_JJ premises_NN2 except_CS *-_- __NULL |_NULL *"_" (_( a_ZZ1 )_) With_IW the_AT permission_NN1 of_IO the_AT proper_JJ officer_NN1 of_IO Customs_NN2 after_II entry_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN made_VVN and_CC passed_VVN in_II respect_NN1 thereof_RR ;_; or_CC |_NULL *"_" (_( b_ZZ1 )_) In_II pursuance_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 written_JJ permit_NN1 granted_VVN by_II the_AT Collector_NN1 in_II respect_NN1 thereof_RR ._. ^ |_NULL *"_" (_( 2_MC )_) ^_NULL Every_AT1 person_NN1 who_PNQS acts_VVZ in_II contravention_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 section_NN1 commits_VVZ an_AT1 offence_NN1 and_CC shall_VM be_VBI liable_JJ to_II a_AT1 fine_JJ not_XX exceeding_JJ *+_NULL $500_NNU or_CC the_AT value_NN1 of_IO the_AT goods_NN2 in_II31 respect_II32 of_II33 which_DDQ the_AT offence_NN1 is_VBZ committed_VVN ,_, whichever_DDQV sum_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT greater_JJR ._. ^ |_NULL *"_" (_( 3_MC )_) ^_NULL Any_DD goods_NN2 removed_VVN in_II contravention_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 section_NN1 shall_VM be_VBI forfeited_VVN ._. ^ *<_NULL *1_NULL *"_" Special_JJ Provisions_NN2 for_IF Export_NN1 Warehouses_NP1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL *0_NULL *"_" 100_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL *4_NULL Entry_NN1 for_IF delivery_NN1 to_TO export_VVI warehouse_NN1 *-_- ^_NULL *0_NULL When_CS any_DD imported_JJ goods_NN2 or_CC goods_NN2 manufactured_VVD in_II a_AT1 manufacturing_JJ area_NN1 have_VH0 been_VBN entered_VVN for_IF delivery_NN1 to_II an_AT1 export_NN1 warehouse_NN1 ,_, the_AT importer_NN1 or_CC supplier_NN1 shall_VM forthwith_RR deliver_VVI them_PPHO2 in_II31 accordance_II32 with_II33 the_AT entry_NN1 without_IW payment_NN1 of_IO duty_NN1 in_II the_AT first_MD instance_NN1 ,_, except_CS where_CS otherwise_RR provided_VVN in_II this_DD1 Act_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL *"_" 101_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL *4_NULL Temporary_JJ removal_NN1 of_IO export_NN1 warehoused_VVD goods_NN2 *-_- *0_NULL (_( 1_MC1 )_) ^_NULL Subject_II21 to_II22 any_DD regulations_NN2 made_VVN under_II this_DD1 Act_NN1 ,_, the_AT Collector_NN1 may_VM permit_VVI the_AT taking_NN1 of_IO warehoused_JJ goods_NN2 out_II21 of_II22 the_AT export_NN1 warehouse_NN1 without_IW payment_NN1 of_IO duty_NN1 for_IF any_DD temporary_JJ purpose_NN1 for_IF such_DA convenient_JJ time_NNT1 and_CC in_II such_DA suitable_JJ quantities_NN2 as_CSA he_PPHS1 may_VM approve_VVI ,_, if_CS sufficient_JJ security_NN1 is_VBZ taken_VVN for_IF the_AT return_NN1 of_IO the_AT goods_NN2 and_CC payment_NN1 of_IO the_AT duty_NN1 thereon_RR ._. ^ |_NULL *"_" (_( 2_MC )_) ^_NULL So_CS31 long_CS32 as_CS33 any_DD goods_NN2 so_CS removed_VVN remain_VV0 subject_II21 to_II22 the_AT control_NN1 of_IO the_AT Customs_NN2 they_PPHS2 shall_VM be_VBI deemed_VVN to_TO be_VBI warehoused_VVN in_II the_AT export_NN1 warehouse_NN1 from_II which_DDQ they_PPHS2 were_VBDR so_RR removed_VVN ,_, and_CC all_DB the_AT provisions_NN2 of_IO this_DD1 Act_NN1 shall_VM continue_VVI to_TO apply_VVI thereto_RR accordingly_RR ._. ^ |_NULL *"_" 102_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL *4_NULL Liability_NN1 of_IO licensee_NN1 for_IF duty_NN1 on_II missing_VVG goods_NN2 *-_- *0_NULL (_( 1_MC1 )_) ^_NULL If_CSW any_DD dutiable_JJ goods_NN2 are_VBR removed_VVN from_II an_AT1 export_NN1 warehouse_NN1 by_II any_DD person_NN1 without_IW the_AT authority_NN1 of_IO the_AT proper_JJ officer_NN1 of_IO Customs_NN2 ,_, or_CC if_CSW any_DD dutiable_JJ goods_NN2 ,_, after_CS ,_, being_VBG warehoused_VVN ,_, are_VBR not_XX produced_VVN by_II the_AT licensee_NN1 to_II the_AT Collector_NN1 or_CC other_JJ proper_JJ officer_NN1 on_II demand_NN1 made_VVN at_II the_AT warehouse_NN1 and_CC are_VBR not_XX accounted_VVN for_CS as_CSA having_VHG been_VBN lawfully_RR delivered_VVN from_II the_AT warehouse_NN1 ,_, duty_NN1 shall_VM thereupon_RT become_VVI due_JJ and_CC payable_JJ on_II those_DD2 goods_NN2 as_CS21 if_CS22 entered_VVN for_IF home_NN1 consumption_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL *"_" (_( 2_MC )_) ^_NULL The_AT duty_NN1 shall_VM constitute_VVI a_AT1 debt_NN1 due_II21 to_II22 the_AT Crown_NN1 by_II the_AT licensee_NN1 ,_, the_AT importer_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT owner_NN1 who_PNQS shall_VM be_VBI jointly_JJ and_CC severally_RR liable_JJ therefor_RR ,_, subject_II21 to_II22 the_AT provisions_NN2 of_IO this_DD1 Act_NN1 relating_VVG to_II refunds_NN2 and_CC remissions_NN2 of_IO duty_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *1_NULL *"_" Clearance_NP1 of_IO Export_NN1 Warehoused_JJ Goods_NN2 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL *0_NULL *"_" 103_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL *4_NULL Kinds_NN2 of_IO entry_NN1 of_IO goods_NN2 from_II export_NN1 warehouse_NN1 *-_- ^_NULL *0_NULL Export_NN1 warehoused_VVD goods_NN2 may_VM at_II any_DD time_NNT1 be_VBI entered_VVN in_II the_AT prescribed_JJ manner_NN1 *-_- __NULL |_NULL *"_" (_( a_ZZ1 )_) For_IF export_NN1 ;_; or_CC |_NULL *"_" (_( b_ZZ1 )_) For_IF removal_NN1 to_II another_DD1 export_NN1 warehouse_NN1 ;_; or_CC |_NULL *"_" (_( c_ZZ1 )_) For_IF home_NN1 consumption_NN1 under_II conditions_NN2 as_CSA may_VM be_VBI approved_VVN by_II the_AT Comptroller_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL *"_" 104_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL *4_NULL Entry_NN1 for_IF export_NN1 *-_- ^_NULL *0_NULL When_CS any_DD goods_NN2 in_II an_AT1 export_NN1 warehouse_NN1 have_VH0 been_VBN entered_VVN for_IF export_NN1 the_AT person_NN1 making_VVG the_AT entry_NN1 shall_VM forthwith_RR export_VVI the_AT goods_NN2 to_II a_AT1 country_NN1 outside_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 in_II31 accordance_II32 with_II33 the_AT entry_NN1 and_CC with_IW the_AT provisions_NN2 of_IO this_DD1 Act_NN1 relating_VVG to_II the_AT exportation_NN1 of_IO goods_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL *"_" 105_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL *4_NULL Entry_NN1 for_IF removal_NN1 *-_- *0_NULL (_( 1_MC1 )_) ^_NULL When_CS any_DD goods_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN entered_VVN for_IF removal_NN1 to_II an_AT1 export_NN1 warehouse_NN1 licensed_VVN under_II this_DD1 Act_NN1 ,_, they_PPHS2 shall_VM forthwith_RR be_VBI removed_VVN in_II31 accordance_II32 with_II33 the_AT entry_NN1 ,_, subject_II21 to_II22 such_DA conditions_NN2 as_CSA may_VM be_VBI prescribed_VVN and_CC with_IW such_DA security_NN1 for_IF their_APPGE due_JJ transmission_NN1 and_CC for_IF payment_NN1 of_IO the_AT duty_NN1 thereon_RR as_CSA the_AT Collector_NN1 requires_VVZ ._. ^ |_NULL *"_" (_( 2_MC )_) ^_NULL On_II arrival_NN1 of_IO the_AT goods_NN2 at_II the_AT port_NN1 or_CC place_NN1 of_IO destination_NN1 they_PPHS2 shall_VM be_VBI entered_VVN and_CC warehoused_VVN in_II31 accordance_II32 with_II33 the_AT entry_NN1 for_IF removal_NN1 and_CC in_II the_AT case_NN1 of_IO imported_JJ goods_NN2 in_II the_AT same_DA manner_NN1 and_CC subject_II21 to_II22 the_AT same_DA provisions_NN2 ,_, so_RG far_RR as_CSA applicable_JJ ,_, as_CSA in_II the_AT case_NN1 of_IO the_AT entry_NN1 of_IO goods_NN2 on_II the_AT first_MD importation_NN1 thereof_RR ._. ^ |_NULL *"_" 106_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL *4_NULL Entry_NN1 for_IF home_NN1 consumption_NN1 *-_- ^_NULL *0_NULL When_RRQ entry_NN1 for_IF home_NN1 consumption_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN made_VVN under_II conditions_NN2 as_CSA may_VM be_VBI approved_VVN by_II the_AT Comptroller_NN1 in_II31 respect_II32 of_II33 any_DD warehoused_JJ goods_NN2 ,_, the_AT person_NN1 making_VVG the_AT entry_NN1 ,_, not_XX being_VBG an_AT1 agent_NN1 ,_, shall_VM pay_VVI on_II demand_NN1 to_II the_AT Collector_NN1 or_CC other_JJ proper_JJ officer_NN1 the_AT duties_NN2 ,_, if_CS any_DD ,_, payable_JJ thereon_RR ._. ^ *<_NULL *1_NULL *"_" Special_JJ Provisions_NN2 for_IF Manufacturing_VVG Areas_NN2 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL *0_NULL *"_" 107_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL *4_NULL Entry_NN1 for_IF delivery_NN1 to_II manufacturing_VVG area_NN1 *-_- ^_NULL *0_NULL When_CS any_DD imported_JJ goods_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN entered_VVN for_IF delivery_NN1 to_II a_AT1 manufacturing_JJ area_NN1 the_AT importer_NN1 shall_VM forthwith_RR deliver_VVI them_PPHO2 in_II31 accordance_II32 with_II33 the_AT entry_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT importer_NN1 shall_VM pay_VVI to_II the_AT Collector_NN1 or_CC other_JJ proper_JJ officer_NN1 the_AT duties_NN2 ,_, if_CS any_DD ,_, payable_JJ thereon_RR in_II31 accordance_II32 with_II33 section_NN1 152_MC or_CC section_NN1 151A_MC of_IO this_DD1 Act_NN1 ,_, as_CSA the_AT case_NN1 may_VM be_VBI ._. ^ |_NULL *"_" 108_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL *4_NULL Manufacture_NN1 of_IO excisable_JJ goods_NN2 *-_- *0_NULL (_( 1_MC1 )_) ^_NULL Subject_II21 to_II22 sections_NN2 109_MC and_CC 110_MC of_IO this_DD1 Act_NN1 ,_, no_AT person_NN1 shall_VM manufacture_VVI any_DD goods_NN2 specified_VVN in_II the_AT Third_MD Schedule_NN1 to_II this_DD1 Act_NN1 except_CS in_II a_AT1 manufacturing_JJ area_NN1 licensed_VVN under_II this_DD1 Act_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL *"_" (_( 2_MC )_) ^_NULL Every_AT1 person_NN1 who_PNQS acts_VVZ in_II contravention_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 section_NN1 commits_VVZ an_AT1 offence_NN1 and_CC shall_VM be_VBI liable_JJ to_II a_AT1 fine_JJ not_XX exceeding_JJ *+_NULL $500_NNU or_CC 3_MC times_NNT2 the_AT amount_NN1 of_IO duty_NN1 that_CST would_VM have_VHI been_VBN payable_JJ on_II the_AT goods_NN2 to_II which_DDQ the_AT offence_NN1 relates_VVZ if_CS they_PPHS2 had_VHD been_VBN manufactured_VVN in_II a_AT1 manufacturing_JJ area_NN1 licensed_VVN as_CSA aforesaid_VVN and_CC duly_RR entered_VVN for_IF home_NN1 consumption_NN1 ,_, whichever_DDQV sum_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT greater_JJR ,_, and_CC the_AT goods_NN2 shall_VM be_VBI forfeited_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL *"_" 109_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL *4_NULL Exemptions_NP1 *-_- ^_NULL *0_NULL Section_NN1 108_MC of_IO this_DD1 Act_NN1 shall_VM not_XX apply_VVI to_II *-_- __NULL |_NULL *"_" (_( a_ZZ1 )_) Any_DD person_NN1 who_PNQS ,_, having_VHG grown_VVN tobacco_NN1 on_II his_APPGE own_DA land_NN1 ,_, manufactures_VVZ it_PPH1 exclusively_RR for_IF his_APPGE own_DA use_NN1 or_CC for_IF the_AT use_NN1 of_IO any_DD members_NN2 of_IO his_APPGE own_DA family_NN residing_VVG with_IW him_PPHO1 ,_, and_CC not_XX for_IF disposal_NN1 to_II any_DD other_JJ person_NN1 by_II sale_NN1 ,_, barter_NN1 ,_, or_CC otherwise_RR :_: |_NULL *"_" (_( b_ZZ1 )_) Any_DD person_NN1 who_PNQS produces_VVZ beer_NN1 or_CC wine_NN1 exclusively_RR for_IF his_APPGE own_DA use_NN1 or_CC for_IF the_AT use_NN1 of_IO any_DD members_NN2 of_IO his_APPGE own_DA family_NN residing_VVG with_IW him_PPHO1 ,_, and_CC not_XX for_IF disposal_NN1 to_II any_DD other_JJ person_NN1 by_II sale_NN1 ,_, barter_NN1 ,_, or_CC otherwise_RR ._. ^ |_NULL *"_" 110_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL *4_NULL Directions_NN2 of_IO Minister_NN1 as_II21 to_II22 licensing_VVG *-_- *0_NULL (_( 1_MC1 )_) ^_NULL If_CSW ,_, in_II the_AT opinion_NN1 of_IO the_AT Minister_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ undesirable_JJ in_II the_AT public_JJ interest_NN1 or_CC impracticable_JJ or_CC unnecessary_JJ that_CST a_AT1 person_NN1 who_PNQS carries_VVZ on_RP business_NN1 as_II a_AT1 manufacturer_NN1 of_IO goods_NN2 specified_VVN in_II the_AT Third_MD Schedule_NN1 to_II this_DD1 Act_NN1 should_VM be_VBI licensed_VVN ,_, the_AT Minister_NN1 may_VM ,_, in_II the_AT Minister_NN1 's_VBZ discretion_NN1 and_CC under_II such_DA conditions_NN2 as_II21 to_II22 the_AT payment_NN1 of_IO duty_NN1 or_CC otherwise_RR as_CSA the_AT Minister_NN1 thinks_VVZ fit_JJ ,_, direct_JJ that_CST the_AT person_NN1 need_VM not_XX be_VBI licensed_VVN for_IF such_DA period_NN1 as_II the_AT Minister_NN1 thinks_VVZ fit_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL *"_" (_( 2_MC )_) ^_NULL Any_DD direction_NN1 under_II this_DD1 section_NN1 shall_VM have_VHI effect_NN1 according_II21 to_II22 its_APPGE tenor_NN1 and_CC may_VM be_VBI given_VVN in_II31 respect_II32 of_II33 the_AT whole_NN1 or_CC any_DD specified_JJ part_NN1 of_IO the_AT business_NN1 of_IO the_AT manufacturer_NN1 to_II which_DDQ it_PPH1 relates_VVZ ._. ^ ^_NULL Any_DD such_DA direction_NN1 shall_VM exempt_VVI the_AT manufacturer_NN1 from_II such_DA provisions_NN2 of_IO this_DD1 Act_NN1 as_CSA may_VM be_VBI specified_VVN in_II the_AT direction_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL *"_" 111_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL *4_NULL Maturation_NN1 period_NN1 of_IO brandy_NN1 and_CC whisky_NN1 *-_- ^_NULL *0_NULL No_AT brandy_NN1 or_CC whisky_NN1 distilled_VVD in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 shall_VM be_VBI delivered_VVN from_II a_AT1 licensed_JJ manufacturing_JJ area_NN1 unless_CS the_AT Comptroller_NN1 is_VBZ satisfied_JJ that_CST it_PPH1 has_VHZ been_VBN matured_VVN by_II storage_NN1 in_II wood_NN1 for_IF not_XX less_RR21 than_RR22 3_MC years_NNT2 ._. ^ |_NULL *"_" 112_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL *4_NULL Licensee_NP1 leaving_VVG New_NP Zealand_NP1 *-_- ^_NULL *0_NULL If_CSW the_AT Collector_NN1 has_VHZ reason_NN1 to_TO believe_VVI that_CST a_AT1 licensee_NN1 is_VBZ about_RPK to_TO leave_VVI New_NP Zealand_NP1 before_II any_DD duty_NN1 owing_VVG by_II the_AT licensee_NN1 becomes_VVZ payable_JJ in_II31 accordance_II32 with_II33 the_AT provisions_NN2 of_IO this_DD1 Act_NN1 ,_, the_AT duty_NN1 shall_VM ,_, if_CS the_AT Collector_NN1 thinks_VVZ fit_JJ ,_, be_VBI payable_JJ on_II such_DA earlier_JJR date_NN1 as_II the_AT Collector_NN1 fixes_NN2 and_CC notifies_VVZ to_II the_AT licensee_NN1 in_II that_DD1 behalf_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL *"_" 113_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL *4_NULL Goods_NN2 deemed_VVD to_TO have_VHI been_VBN manufactured_VVN *-_- *0_NULL (_( 1_MC1 )_) ^_NULL For_IF the_AT purposes_NN2 of_IO this_DD1 Act_NN1 *-_- __NULL |_NULL *"_" (_( a_ZZ1 )_) Compressed_JJ natural_JJ gas_NN1 shall_VM be_VBI deemed_VVN to_TO have_VHI been_VBN manufactured_VVN by_II a_AT1 licensee_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 manufacturing_JJ area_NN1 on_II his_APPGE premises_NN2 when_RRQ natural_JJ gas_NN1 supplied_VVN by_II him_PPHO1 to_II a_AT1 compressed_JJ natural_JJ gas_NN1 fuelling_VVG facility_NN1 is_VBZ compressed_VVN for_IF use_NN1 as_II a_AT1 motor_NN1 vehicle_NN1 fuel_NN1 :_: |_NULL *"_" (_( b_ZZ1 )_) Subject_II21 to_II22 subsection_NN1 (_( 2_MC )_) of_IO this_DD1 section_NN1 ,_, goods_NN2 on_II which_DDQ work_VV0 has_VHZ been_VBN done_VDN by_II a_AT1 contractor_NN1 shall_VM be_VBI deemed_VVN to_TO have_VHI been_VBN manufactured_VVN by_II the_AT contractor_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL *"_" (_( 2_MC )_) ^_NULL Where_RRQ the_AT Minister_NN1 is_VBZ of_IO the_AT opinion_NN1 that_CST in_II any_DD particular_JJ case_NN1 the_AT application_NN1 of_IO subsection_NN1 (_( 1_MC1 )_) (_( b_ZZ1 )_) of_IO this_DD1 section_NN1 is_VBZ inequitable_JJ in_II31 respect_II32 of_II33 motor_NN1 vehicles_NN2 assembled_VVD under_II contract_NN1 for_IF the_AT owner_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT owner_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT importer_NN1 of_IO the_AT imported_JJ components_NN2 used_VVN in_II the_AT assembly_NN1 ,_, the_AT Minister_NN1 may_VM ,_, in_II the_AT Minister_NN1 's_VBZ discretion_NN1 ,_, and_CC subject_II21 to_II22 any_DD conditions_NN2 that_CST may_VM be_VBI imposed_VVN ,_, determine_VV0 that_DD1 ,_, for_IF the_AT purposes_NN2 of_IO this_DD1 Act_NN1 ,_, the_AT owner_NN1 is_VBZ deemed_VVN to_TO be_VBI the_AT manufacturer_NN1 of_IO the_AT motor_NN1 vehicles_NN2 and_CC the_AT place_NN1 of_IO security_NN1 for_IF the_AT deposit_NN1 ,_, keeping_VVG ,_, and_CC securing_NN1 of_IO the_AT motor_NN1 vehicles_NN2 by_II the_AT owner_NN1 is_VBZ deemed_VVN to_TO be_VBI the_AT place_NN1 where_RRQ the_AT motor_NN1 vehicles_NN2 are_VBR manufactured_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL *"_" l14_FU ._. ^ ^_NULL *4_NULL Manufacture_NN1 may_VM be_VBI prohibited_VVN on_II non-payment_NN1 of_IO excise_NN1 duty_NN1 *-_- ^_NULL *0_NULL Every_AT1 licensee_NN1 who_PNQS fails_VVZ to_TO pay_VVI any_DD excise_NN1 duty_NN1 which_DDQ is_VBZ properly_RR due_JJ may_NN1 ,_, by_II notice_NN1 under_II the_AT hand_NN1 of_IO the_AT Collector_NN1 ,_, be_VBI prohibited_VVN from_II manufacturing_VVG and_CC every_AT1 licensee_NN1 who_PNQS manufactures_VVZ goods_NN2 or_CC classes_NN2 of_IO goods_NN2 specified_VVN in_II the_AT Third_MD Schedule_NN1 to_II this_DD1 Act_NN1 without_IW the_AT permission_NN1 of_IO the_AT Collector_NN1 after_II the_AT receipt_NN1 of_IO such_DA a_AT1 notice_NN1 shall_VM be_VBI deemed_VVN to_TO have_VHI manufactured_VVN excisable_JJ goods_NN2 without_IW a_AT1 licence_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *1_NULL *"_" Clearance_NP1 of_IO Goods_NN2 from_II Manufacturing_NP1 Area_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL *0_NULL *"_" 115_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL *4_NULL Kinds_NN2 of_IO entry_NN1 of_IO goods_NN2 from_II manufacturing_VVG area_NN1 *-_- ^_NULL Goods_NN2 specified_VVN in_II the_AT Third_MD Schedule_NN1 to_II this_DD1 Act_NN1 may_VM be_VBI entered_VVN in_II the_AT prescribed_JJ manner_NN1 *-_- __NULL |_NULL *"_" (_( a_ZZ1 )_) For_IF home_NN1 consumption_NN1 ;_; or_CC |_NULL *"_" (_( b_ZZ1 )_) For_IF export_NN1 ;_; or_CC |_NULL *"_" (_( c_ZZ1 )_) For_IF removal_NN1 to_II another_DD1 licensed_JJ manufacturing_JJ area_NN1 for_IF manufacture_NN1 or_CC to_II an_AT1 export_NN1 warehouse_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL *"_" 116_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL *4_NULL Entry_NN1 for_IF home_NN1 consumption_NN1 *-_- *0_NULL (_( 1_MC1 )_) ^_NULL Every_AT1 licensee_NN1 shall_VM ,_, within_II 7_MC days_NNT2 after_II the_AT end_NN1 of_IO each_DD1 calendar_NN1 month_NNT1 ,_, deliver_VV0 to_II the_AT Collector_NN1 for_IF the_AT district_NN1 specified_VVN in_II his_APPGE licence_NN1 a_AT1 home_NN1 consumption_NN1 entry_NN1 in_II the_AT prescribed_JJ form_NN1 setting_VVG forth_RR such_DA particulars_NN2 as_II the_AT entry_NN1 may_VM require_VVI in_II31 respect_II32 of_II33 all_DB goods_NN2 removed_VVN for_IF home_NN1 consumption_NN1 during_II that_DD1 calendar_NN1 month_NNT1 ._. ^ |_NULL *"_" (_( 2_MC )_) ^_NULL Where_CS for_IF any_DD reason_NN1 there_EX are_VBR no_AT goods_NN2 removed_VVN for_IF home_NN1 consumption_NN1 ,_, every_AT1 licensee_NN1 shall_VM be_VBI required_VVN to_TO deliver_VVI a_AT1 nil_PN1 entry_NN1 for_IF the_AT period_NN1 to_II which_DDQ it_PPH1 relates_VVZ ._. ^ |_NULL *"_" (_( 3_MC )_) ^_NULL For_IF the_AT purposes_NN2 of_IO this_DD1 section_NN1 the_AT Collector_NN1 may_VM ,_, in_II his_APPGE discretion_NN1 ,_, by_II writing_VVG under_II his_APPGE hand_NN1 ,_, permit_NN1 any_DD licensee_NN1 who_PNQS would_VM otherwise_RR ,_, in_II the_AT opinion_NN1 of_IO the_AT Collector_NN1 ,_, usually_RR deliver_VV0 a_AT1 home_NN1 consumption_NN1 entry_NN1 in_II31 respect_II32 of_II33 which_DDQ no_AT duty_NN1 was_VBDZ payable_JJ ,_, to_TO deliver_VVI a_AT1 home_NN1 consumption_NN1 entry_NN1 in_II31 respect_II32 of_II33 any_DD period_NN1 longer_RRR than_CSN one_MC1 calendar_NN1 month_NNT1 but_CCB not_XX exceeding_VVG one_MC1 calendar_NN1 year_NNT1 ,_, and_CC in_II the_AT application_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 section_NN1 to_II any_DD such_DA case_NN1 ,_, the_AT term_NN1 *'_" calendar_NN1 month_NNT1 **'_" shall_VM mean_VVI such_DA permitted_JJ period_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT last_MD day_NNT1 of_IO that_DD1 period_NN1 shall_VM be_VBI deemed_VVN to_TO be_VBI the_AT end_NN1 of_IO the_AT month_NNT1 ._. ^ |_NULL *"_" (_( 4_MC )_) ^_NULL Where_RRQ the_AT licensee_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 manufacturing_JJ area_NN1 *-_- __NULL |_NULL *"_" (_( a_ZZ1 )_) Purchases_VVZ materials_NN2 for_IF use_NN1 for_IF manufacture_NN1 ;_; or_CC |_NULL *"_" (_( b_ZZ1 )_) Purchases_VVZ for_IF resale_NN1 any_DD goods_NN2 manufactured_VVD by_II him_PPHO1 ,_, being_VBG goods_NN2 sold_VVD on_RP or_CC after_II the_AT 1st_MD day_NNT1 of_IO October_NPM1 1986_MC ,_, at_II the_AT same_DA price_NN1 at_II which_DDQ he_PPHS1 sold_VVD them_PPHO2 ,_, the_AT licensee_NN1 may_VM claim_VVI as_II a_AT1 credit_NN1 in_II the_AT home_NN1 consumption_NN1 entry_NN1 provided_VVN by_II him_PPHO1 under_II subsection_NN1 (_( 1_MC1 )_) of_IO this_DD1 section_NN1 any_DD excise_NN1 duty_NN1 paid_VVN or_CC payable_JJ in_II31 respect_II32 of_II33 those_DD2 materials_NN2 or_CC goods_NN2 :_: |_NULL *"_" Provided_CS21 that_CS22 ,_, in_II the_AT case_NN1 of_IO goods_NN2 purchased_VVD for_IF resale_NN1 ,_, the_AT subsequent_JJ resale_NN1 shall_VM be_VBI deemed_VVN to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 removal_NN1 for_IF home_NN1 consumption_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT credit_NN1 shall_VM not_XX be_VBI claimable_JJ or_CC allowable_JJ until_CS the_AT subsequent_JJ resale_NN1 occurs_VVZ ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 278+TEXT+H14_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *2_NULL BE_VB0 IT_PPH1 ENACTED_VVN *0_NULL by_II the_AT General_JJ Assembly_NNJ of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 in_II Parliament_NNJ assembled_VVD ,_, and_CC by_II the_AT authority_NN1 of_IO the_AT same_DA ,_, as_CSA follows_VVZ :_: |_NULL *4_NULL 1_MC1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Short_NP1 Title_VV0 *-_- ^_NULL *0_NULL This_DD1 Act_NN1 may_VM be_VBI cited_VVN as_II the_AT Auckland_NP1 Improvement_NN1 Trust_NNJ Amendment_NN1 Act_NN1 1986_MC ,_, and_CC shall_VM be_VBI read_VVN together_II21 with_II22 and_CC deemed_JJ part_NN1 of_IO the_AT Auckland_NP1 Improvement_NN1 Trust_NNJ Act_NN1 1971_MC (_( hereinafter_RR referred_VVN to_II as_II the_AT principal_JJ Act_NN1 )_) ._. ^ |_NULL *4_NULL 2_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL Interpretation_NN1 *-_- *0_NULL (_( 1_MC1 )_) ^_NULL Section_NN1 2_MC of_IO the_AT principal_JJ Act_NN1 is_VBZ hereby_RR amended_VVN by_II repealing_VVG the_AT definition_NN1 of_IO the_AT term_NN1 *"_" Corporation_NNJ **"_" ._. ^ |_NULL (_( 2_MC )_) ^_NULL The_AT principal_JJ Act_NN1 is_VBZ hereby_RR amended_VVN by_II omitting_VVG the_AT word_NN1 *"_" Corporation_NNJ **"_" wherever_RRQV it_PPH1 occurs_VVZ ,_, and_CC substituting_VVG in_II each_DD1 case_NN1 the_AT word_NN1 *"_" Council_NNJ **"_" ._. ^ |_NULL *4_NULL 3_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL Old_JJ Synagogue_NN1 building_NN1 and_CC curtilage_NN1 *-_- *0_NULL (_( 1_MC1 )_) ^_NULL Section_NN1 4_MC of_IO the_AT principal_JJ Act_NN1 is_VBZ hereby_RR amended_VVN by_II repealing_VVG subsection_NN1 (_( 6_MC )_) ,_, and_CC substituting_VVG the_AT following_JJ subsections_NN2 :_: |_NULL *"_" (_( 6_MC )_) ^_NULL Until_CS the_AT Council_NNJ passes_VVZ a_AT1 resolution_NN1 under_II subsection_NN1 (_( 5_MC )_) of_IO this_DD1 section_NN1 in_II31 respect_II32 of_II33 the_AT land_NN1 thirdly_RR described_VVN in_II the_AT First_MD Schedule_NN1 to_II this_DD1 Act_NN1 (_( old_JJ Synagogue_NN1 site_NN1 )_) ,_, or_CC in_II31 respect_II32 of_II33 any_DD part_NN1 of_IO it_PPH1 ,_, the_AT Council_NNJ may_VM let_VVI or_CC lease_VVI the_AT same_DA or_CC any_DD remaining_JJ part_NN1 to_II which_DDQ such_DA a_AT1 resolution_NN1 has_VHZ not_XX been_VBN applied_VVN ,_, for_IF such_DA professional_JJ ,_, commercial_JJ ,_, cultural_JJ ,_, or_CC community_NNJ purposes_NN2 as_II the_AT Council_NNJ considers_VVZ will_VM be_VBI likely_JJ to_TO require_VVI minimum_JJ interference_NN1 with_IW the_AT external_JJ appearance_NN1 of_IO the_AT old_JJ Synagogue_NN1 building_NN1 ,_, yet_RR will_VM ensure_VVI that_CST the_AT building_NN1 is_VBZ kept_VVN in_II constant_JJ use_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL *"_" (_( 6A_MC )_) ^_NULL Any_DD such_DA letting_NN1 or_CC leasing_NN1 may_VM permit_VVI the_AT tenant_NN1 or_CC lessee_NN1 ,_, subject_II21 to_II22 the_AT Council_NNJ 's_GE supervision_NN1 ,_, to_TO make_VVI alterations_NN2 or_CC additions_NN2 to_II that_DD1 building_NN1 ,_, within_II the_AT foregoing_JJ limitations_NN2 ,_, but_CCB the_AT Council_NNJ may_VM nevertheless_RR permit_VVI the_AT demolition_NN1 or_CC replacement_NN1 of_IO any_DD other_JJ building_NN1 on_II the_AT said_JJ land_NN1 if_CSW ,_, in_II the_AT Council_NNJ 's_GE opinion_NN1 ,_, such_DA demolition_NN1 or_CC replacement_NN1 would_VM enhance_VVI the_AT appearance_NN1 or_CC impact_NN1 of_IO the_AT old_JJ Synagogue_NN1 building_NN1 and_CC will_VM assist_VVI with_IW the_AT financial_JJ viability_NN1 of_IO the_AT use_NN1 to_II which_DDQ the_AT property_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO be_VBI put_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL *"_" (_( 6B_MC )_) ^_NULL Any_DD use_NN1 of_IO the_AT said_JJ land_NN1 and_CC of_IO any_DD building_NN1 on_II it_PPH1 ,_, and_CC any_DD proposed_JJ alteration_NN1 to_II the_AT old_JJ Synagogue_NN1 building_NN1 ,_, shall_VM comply_VVI with_IW the_AT provisions_NN2 of_IO the_AT Town_NN1 and_CC Country_NN1 Planning_NN1 Act_NN1 1977_MC and_CC of_IO the_AT Historic_JJ Places_NN2 Act_VV0 1980_MC ._. ^ |_NULL *"_" (_( 6C_MC )_) ^_NULL Notwithstanding_II anything_PN1 to_II the_AT contrary_NN1 in_II this_DD1 Act_NN1 ,_, any_DD lease_NN1 granted_VVN pursuant_II21 to_II22 subsection_NN1 (_( 6_MC )_) of_IO this_DD1 section_NN1 may_VM be_VBI for_IF such_DA term_NN1 ,_, either_RR less_RRR or_CC more_RR21 than_RR22 21_MC years_NNT2 ,_, as_CSA the_AT Council_NNJ thinks_VVZ fit_JJ ,_, but_CCB any_DD lease_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 total_JJ term_NN1 in_II31 excess_II32 of_II33 the_AT period_NN1 authorised_VVD by_II section_NN1 4A(1)_FO (_( b_ZZ1 )_) of_IO this_DD1 Act_NN1 shall_VM contain_VVI a_AT1 provision_NN1 that_CST it_PPH1 may_VM be_VBI terminated_VVN by_II the_AT Council_NNJ at_II any_DD time_NNT1 after_II the_AT expiration_NN1 of_IO the_AT maximum_JJ period_NN1 stated_VVN in_II that_DD1 section_NN1 (_( which_DDQ shall_VM run_VVI from_II the_AT date_NN1 of_IO commencement_NN1 of_IO that_DD1 lease_NN1 or_CC any_DD earlier_JJR lease_NN1 granted_VVN pursuant_II21 to_II22 this_DD1 Act_NN1 )_) after_II having_VHG given_VVN not_XX less_RR21 than_RR22 12_MC months_NNT2 '_GE notice_NN1 in_II writing_NN1 of_IO intention_NN1 so_CS to_TO do_VDI ,_, if_CSW in_II the_AT Council_NNJ 's_GE opinion_NN1 it_PPH1 is_VBZ in_II the_AT public_JJ interest_NN1 that_CST the_AT lease_NN1 should_VM be_VBI terminated_VVN so_BCL21 as_BCL22 to_TO make_VVI the_AT property_NN1 available_JJ for_IF the_AT public_NN in_RR21 general_RR22 ._. ^ |_NULL *"_" (_( 6D_NNU )_) ^_NULL Any_DD termination_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 lease_NN1 under_II subsection_NN1 (_( 6C_MC )_) of_IO this_DD1 section_NN1 shall_VM be_VBI subject_II21 to_II22 the_AT payment_NN1 of_IO compensation_NN1 by_II the_AT Council_NNJ to_II the_AT lessee_NN1 for_IF the_AT fair_JJ market_NN1 value_NN1 of_IO the_AT undertaking_NN1 as_II a_AT1 going_JJ concern_NN1 and_CC ,_, in_II determining_VVG the_AT fair_JJ market_NN1 value_NN1 ,_, regard_NN1 shall_VM be_VBI had_VHN to_II such_DA matters_NN2 as_CSA may_VM be_VBI appropriate_JJ including_II ,_, but_CCB not_XX by_II31 way_II32 of_II33 limitation_NN1 ,_, the_AT following_JJ matters_NN2 :_: __NULL |_NULL *"_" (_( a_ZZ1 )_) The_AT value_NN1 of_IO the_AT lessee_NN1 's_VHZ improvements_NN2 (_( as_CSA defined_VVN in_II section_NN1 2_MC of_IO the_AT Valuation_NN1 of_IO Land_NN1 Act_NN1 1951_MC )_) at_II the_AT time_NNT1 of_IO termination_NN1 :_: |_NULL *"_" (_( b_ZZ1 )_) The_AT value_NN1 of_IO chattels_NN2 ,_, fixtures_NN2 ,_, and_CC fittings_NN2 :_: |_NULL *"_" (_( c_ZZ1 )_) The_AT value_NN1 of_IO goodwill_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL *"_" (_( 6E_MC )_) ^_NULL In_II31 case_II32 of_II33 disagreement_NN1 ,_, the_AT fair_JJ market_NN1 value_NN1 shall_VM be_VBI determined_VVN by_II arbitration_NN1 in_II31 accordance_II32 with_II33 the_AT Arbitration_NN1 Act_NN1 1908_MC ._. ^ |_NULL *"_" (_( 6F_RA )_) ^_NULL Section_NN1 4A(1)_FO (_( g_ZZ1 )_) of_IO this_DD1 Act_NN1 shall_VM be_VBI read_VVN subject_II21 to_II22 the_AT provisions_NN2 of_IO subsections_NN2 (_( 6A_MC )_) and_CC (_( 6C_MC )_) of_IO this_DD1 section_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL *"_" (_( 6G_NNU )_) ^_NULL Any_DD tenant_NN1 or_CC lessee_NN1 of_IO the_AT said_JJ land_NN1 or_CC any_DD part_NN1 of_IO it_PPH1 may_VM ,_, with_IW the_AT prior_JJ written_JJ consent_NN1 of_IO the_AT Council_NNJ ,_, sublet_NN1 or_CC sublease_VV0 a_AT1 portion_NN1 of_IO the_AT land_NN1 for_IF such_DA term_NN1 and_CC subject_II21 to_II22 such_DA conditions_NN2 and_CC restrictions_NN2 as_II the_AT Council_NNJ may_VM stipulate_VVI ._. ^ |_NULL *"_" (_( 6H_MC )_) ^_NULL Any_DD resolution_NN1 passed_VVN pursuant_II21 to_II22 subsection_NN1 (_( 5_MC )_) of_IO this_DD1 section_NN1 ,_, and_CC any_DD letting_NN1 or_CC leasing_VVG or_CC subletting_VVG or_CC subleasing_VVG as_CSA authorised_VVN by_II this_DD1 section_NN1 ,_, shall_VM be_VBI deemed_VVN not_XX to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 subdivision_NN1 of_IO the_AT land_NN1 thirdly_RR described_VVN in_II the_AT First_MD Schedule_NN1 to_II this_DD1 Act_NN1 for_IF the_AT purposes_NN2 of_IO Part_NN1 *=_NULL XX_MC of_IO the_AT Local_NN1 Government_NNJ Act_NN1 1974_MC or_CC for_IF any_DD other_JJ purpose_NN1 ._. **"_" ^ |_NULL (_( 2_MC )_) ^_NULL Section_NN1 2(3)_FO of_IO the_AT Auckland_NP1 Improvement_NN1 Trust_NNJ Amendment_NN1 Act_NN1 1973_MC is_VBZ hereby_RR consequentially_RR repealed_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL *4_NULL 4_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL General_JJ powers_NN2 of_IO Council_NNJ *-_- *0_NULL (_( 1_MC1 )_) ^_NULL Section_NN1 6(1)_FO of_IO the_AT principal_JJ Act_NN1 (_( as_CSA amended_VVN by_II section_NN1 4_MC of_IO the_AT Auckland_NP1 Improvement_NN1 Trust_NNJ Amendment_NN1 Act_NN1 1973_MC )_) is_VBZ hereby_RR amended_VVN by_II omitting_VVG the_AT words_NN2 *"_" and_CC the_AT buildings_NN2 and_CC curtilages_VVZ thereof_RR and_CC the_AT old_JJ Synagogue_NN1 building_NN1 referred_VVN to_II in_II subsection_NN1 (_( 6_MC )_) of_IO section_NN1 4_MC of_IO this_DD1 Act_NN1 **"_" ,_, and_CC substituting_VVG the_AT words_NN2 *"_" and_CC the_AT buildings_NN2 and_CC curtilages_VVZ thereof_RR and_CC the_AT land_NN1 thirdly_RR described_VVN in_II the_AT First_MD Schedule_NN1 to_II this_DD1 Act_NN1 **"_" ._. ^ |_NULL (_( 2_MC )_) ^_NULL Section_NN1 4_MC of_IO the_AT Auckland_NP1 Improvement_NN1 Trust_NNJ Amendment_NN1 Act_NN1 1973_MC is_VBZ hereby_RR consequentially_RR repealed_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL *4_NULL 5_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL Application_NN1 of_IO income_NN1 *-_- ^_NULL *0_NULL Section_NN1 8_MC of_IO the_AT principal_JJ Act_NN1 is_VBZ hereby_RR amended_VVN by_II repealing_VVG paragraph_NN1 (_( c_ZZ1 )_) ,_, and_CC substituting_VVG the_AT following_JJ paragraph_NN1 :_: |_NULL *"_" (_( c_ZZ1 )_) ^_NULL In_II works_NN of_IO public_JJ utility_NN1 or_CC ornament_NN1 in_II the_AT City_NP1 of_IO Auckland_NP1 ,_, or_CC in_II furtherance_NN1 of_IO recreation_NN1 ,_, education_NN1 ,_, science_NN1 ,_, and_CC art_NN1 ,_, or_CC for_IF the_AT improvement_NN1 of_IO any_DD form_NN1 of_IO culture_NN1 ,_, or_CC for_IF the_AT improvement_NN1 or_CC development_NN1 of_IO amenities_NN2 for_IF the_AT public_NN :_: **"_" ._. ^ |_NULL *4_NULL 6_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL Existing_JJ rights_NN2 preserved_VVD *-_- ^_NULL *0_NULL Nothing_PN1 in_II section_NN1 3_MC of_IO this_DD1 Act_NN1 shall_VM deprive_VVI any_DD person_NN1 of_IO any_DD rights_NN2 of_IO occupancy_NN1 of_IO any_DD part_NN1 of_IO the_AT land_NN1 thirdly_RR described_VVN in_II the_AT First_MD Schedule_NN1 to_II the_AT principal_JJ Act_NN1 in_II existence_NN1 on_II the_AT commencement_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 Act_NN1 ,_, or_CC prejudice_VV0 any_DD such_DA rights_NN2 ;_; and_CC the_AT powers_NN2 conferred_VVD by_II the_AT said_JJ section_NN1 3_MC shall_VM not_XX be_VBI exercised_VVN in_II31 respect_II32 of_II33 any_DD part_NN1 of_IO the_AT said_JJ land_NN1 to_II which_DDQ any_DD such_DA rights_NN2 apply_VV0 until_CS those_DD2 rights_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN extinguished_VVN ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL An_AT1 Act_NN1 to_TO amend_VVI the_AT Auckland_NP City_NNL1 Council_NNJ (_( Rating_NN1 Relief_NN1 )_) Empowering_VVG Act_NN1 1980_MC *>_NULL ^ |_NULL *2_NULL BE_VB0 IT_PPH1 ENACTED_VVN *0_NULL by_II the_AT General_JJ Assembly_NNJ of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 in_II Parliament_NNJ assembled_VVD ,_, and_CC by_II the_AT authority_NN1 of_IO the_AT same_DA ,_, as_CSA follows_VVZ :_: |_NULL *4_NULL 1_MC1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Short_NP1 Title_VV0 *-_- ^_NULL *0_NULL This_DD1 Act_NN1 may_VM be_VBI cited_VVN as_II the_AT Auckland_NP City_NNL1 Council_NNJ (_( Rating_NN1 Relief_NN1 )_) Empowering_VVG Amendment_NN1 Act_NN1 1986_MC ,_, and_CC shall_VM be_VBI read_VVN together_II21 with_II22 and_CC deemed_JJ part_NN1 of_IO the_AT Auckland_NP City_NNL1 Council_NNJ (_( Rating_NN1 Relief_NN1 )_) Empowering_VVG Act_NN1 1980_MC (_( hereinafter_RR referred_VVN to_II as_II the_AT principal_JJ Act_NN1 )_) ._. ^ |_NULL *4_NULL 2_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL Further_JJR matters_NN2 to_II which_DDQ regard_VV0 shall_VM be_VBI had_VHN in_II deciding_VVG whether_CSW to_TO grant_VVI relief_NN1 *-_- ^_NULL *0_NULL Section_NN1 3(2)_FO of_IO the_AT principal_JJ Act_NN1 is_VBZ hereby_RR amended_VVN *-_- __NULL |_NULL (_( a_ZZ1 )_) By_II adding_VVG to_II paragraph_NN1 (_( d_ZZ1 )_) the_AT word_NN1 *"_" ;_; and_CC **"_" :_: |_NULL (_( b_ZZ1 )_) By_II adding_VVG the_AT following_JJ paragraph_NN1 :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL *"_" (_( e_ZZ1 )_) ^_NULL The_AT nature_NN1 and_CC extent_NN1 of_IO free_JJ public_JJ amenities_NN2 and_CC public_JJ facilities_NN2 (_( additional_JJ to_II those_DD2 conferring_VVG structural_JJ benefits_NN2 under_II the_AT Council_NNJ 's_GE district_NN1 planning_NN1 scheme_NN1 )_) proposed_VVD to_TO be_VBI included_VVN in_II the_AT development_NN1 ,_, including_VVG ,_, but_CCB without_IW limiting_VVG the_AT generality_NN1 thereof_RR ,_, public_JJ viewing_NN1 areas_NN2 and_CC rest_NN1 rooms_NN2 ,_, landscaping_VVG and_CC environmental_JJ improvements_NN2 ,_, fountains_NN2 ,_, and_CC outdoor_JJ sculpture_NN1 ._. **"_" ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL *4_NULL 3_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL New_JJ section_NN1 added_VVD *-_- ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT principal_JJ Act_NN1 is_VBZ hereby_RR amended_VVN by_II adding_VVG the_AT following_JJ section_NN1 :_: |_NULL *"_" 8_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL *4_NULL Suspension_NN1 or_CC limitation_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 Act_NN1 *-_- *0_NULL (_( 1_MC1 )_) ^_NULL Notwithstanding_II anything_PN1 contained_VVD or_CC implied_VVD in_II the_AT provisions_NN2 of_IO this_DD1 Act_NN1 ,_, the_AT Council_NNJ ,_, by_II resolution_NN1 publicly_RR notified_VVD ,_, may_VM determine_VVI that_CST those_DD2 provisions_NN2 ,_, either_RR indefinitely_RR or_CC for_IF such_DA period_NN1 as_CSA may_VM be_VBI specified_VVN in_II the_AT resolution_NN1 ,_, *-_- __NULL |_NULL *"_" (_( a_ZZ1 )_) Shall_VM be_VBI wholly_RR suspended_VVN :_: |_NULL *"_" (_( b_ZZ1 )_) Shall_VM apply_VVI only_RR to_II such_DA types_NN2 of_IO development_NN1 as_CSA may_VM be_VBI specified_VVN in_II the_AT resolution_NN1 :_: |_NULL *"_" (_( c_ZZ1 )_) Shall_VM apply_VVI only_RR to_II developments_NN2 situated_VVD or_CC proposed_VVD to_TO be_VBI situated_VVN in_II such_DA part_NN1 or_CC parts_NN2 of_IO its_APPGE district_NN1 as_CSA may_VM be_VBI specified_VVN in_II the_AT resolution_NN1 :_: |_NULL *"_" (_( d_ZZ1 )_) Shall_VM apply_VVI only_RR to_II such_DA types_NN2 of_IO development_NN1 as_CSA may_VM be_VBI specified_VVN in_II the_AT resolution_NN1 and_CC which_DDQ are_VBR situated_VVN or_CC proposed_VVD to_TO be_VBI situated_VVN in_II such_DA part_NN1 or_CC parts_NN2 of_IO its_APPGE district_NN1 as_CSA may_VM be_VBI so_RG specified_JJ *-_- |_NULL and_CC may_VM from_RR41 time_RR42 to_RR43 time_RR44 cancel_VVI or_CC modify_VVI any_DD such_DA resolution_NN1 by_II a_AT1 subsequent_JJ resolution_NN1 publicly_RR notified_VVD ._. ^ |_NULL *"_" (_( 2_MC )_) ^_NULL No_AT resolution_NN1 made_VVN under_II this_DD1 section_NN1 shall_VM apply_VVI to_II any_DD development_NN1 in_II31 respect_II32 of_II33 which_DDQ *-_- __NULL |_NULL *"_" (_( a_ZZ1 )_) A_AT1 remission_NN1 or_CC postponement_NN1 of_IO rates_NN2 has_VHZ been_VBN granted_VVN ;_; or_CC |_NULL *"_" (_( b_ZZ1 )_) An_AT1 application_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN made_VVN and_CC not_XX finally_RR dealt_VVN with_IW *-_- |_NULL under_II this_DD1 Act_NN1 before_II the_AT date_NN1 on_II which_DDQ the_AT resolution_NN1 was_VBDZ made_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL *"_" (_( 3_MC )_) ^_NULL In_II this_DD1 section_NN1 ,_, the_AT term_NN1 *'_" publicly_RR notified_VVD **'_" has_VHZ the_AT same_DA meaning_NN1 as_CSA is_VBZ given_VVN to_II it_PPH1 by_II section_NN1 2_MC of_IO the_AT Local_NN1 Government_NNJ Act_NN1 1974_MC ._. **"_" ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL An_AT1 Act_NN1 to_TO empower_VVI the_AT Dunedin_NP City_NNL1 Council_NNJ to_TO grant_VVI relief_NN1 from_II rate_NN1 commitments_NN2 during_II the_AT development_NN1 or_CC redevelopment_NN1 of_IO certain_JJ properties_NN2 for_IF industrial_JJ ,_, commercial_JJ ,_, or_CC administrative_JJ purposes_NN2 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL *2_NULL BE_VB0 IT_PPH1 ENACTED_VVN *0_NULL by_II the_AT General_JJ Assembly_NNJ of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 in_II Parliament_NNJ assembled_VVD ,_, and_CC by_II the_AT authority_NN1 of_IO the_AT same_DA ,_, as_CSA follows_VVZ :_: |_NULL *4_NULL 1_MC1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Short_NP1 Title_VV0 *-_- ^_NULL *0_NULL This_DD1 Act_NN1 may_VM be_VBI cited_VVN as_II the_AT Dunedin_NP City_NNL1 Council_NNJ (_( Rating_NN1 Relief_NN1 )_) Empowering_VVG Act_NN1 1986_MC ._. ^ |_NULL *4_NULL 2_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL Interpretation_NN1 *-_- ^_NULL *0_NULL In_II this_DD1 Act_NN1 ,_, unless_CS the_AT context_NN1 otherwise_RR requires_VVZ ,_, *-_- **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL *"_" Council_NNJ **"_" means_VVZ the_AT Dunedin_NP City_NNL1 Council_NNJ :_: |_NULL *"_" Development_NN1 **"_" means_VVZ the_AT construction_NN1 ,_, erection_NN1 ,_, or_CC alteration_NN1 of_IO any_DD building_NN1 or_CC buildings_NN2 intended_VVD to_TO be_VBI used_VVN solely_RR or_CC principally_RR for_IF industrial_JJ or_CC commercial_JJ or_CC administrative_JJ purposes_NN2 (_( including_VVG ,_, but_CCB not_XX by_II31 way_II32 of_II33 limitation_NN1 ,_, hotels_NN2 ,_, motels_NN2 ,_, and_CC other_JJ transient_JJ accommodation_NN1 )_) ,_, or_CC any_DD combination_NN1 of_IO those_DD2 purposes_NN2 ,_, where_CS the_AT estimated_JJ cost_NN1 of_IO the_AT construction_NN1 ,_, erection_NN1 ,_, or_CC alteration_NN1 will_VM exceed_VVI *+_NULL $1,000,000_NNU ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL *4_NULL 3_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL Power_NN1 to_TO remit_VVI or_CC postpone_NN1 rates_NN2 on_II a_AT1 development_NN1 *-_- *0_NULL (_( 1_MC1 )_) ^_NULL Notwithstanding_II anything_PN1 in_II any_DD other_JJ Act_NN1 ,_, but_CCB subject_II21 to_II22 subsection_NN1 (_( 2_MC )_) of_IO this_DD1 section_NN1 ,_, the_AT Council_NNJ may_VM by_II resolution_NN1 ,_, as_II a_AT1 means_NN of_IO encouraging_JJ development_NN1 in_II its_APPGE district_NN1 ,_, remit_NN1 or_CC postpone_NN1 for_IF such_DA time_NNT1 as_CSA it_PPH1 thinks_VVZ fit_JJ the_AT payment_NN1 of_IO any_DD rates_NN2 in_II31 respect_II32 of_II33 any_DD rateable_JJ property_NN1 (_( within_II the_AT meaning_NN1 of_IO the_AT Rating_NN1 Act_NN1 1967_MC )_) in_II31 respect_II32 of_II33 which_DDQ any_DD development_NN1 is_VBZ taking_VVG place_NN1 or_CC is_VBZ about_RPK to_TO take_VVI place_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL (_( 2_MC )_) ^_NULL In_II deciding_VVG whether_CSW so_CS to_TO grant_VVI relief_NN1 and_CC ,_, if_CS so_CS ,_, to_II what_DDQ extent_NN1 relief_NN1 shall_VM be_VBI granted_VVN ,_, the_AT Council_NNJ shall_VM pay_VVI due_JJ regard_NN1 to_II the_AT following_JJ matters_NN2 :_: __NULL |_NULL (_( a_ZZ1 )_) Whether_CSW ,_, and_CC to_II what_DDQ extent_NN1 ,_, the_AT development_NN1 when_RRQ completed_VVN will_VM be_VBI to_II the_AT financial_JJ advantage_NN1 of_IO its_APPGE district_NN1 (_( including_II the_AT creation_NN1 of_IO employment_NN1 opportunities_NN2 )_) ;_; and_CC |_NULL (_( b_ZZ1 )_) Whether_CSW ,_, and_CC to_II what_DDQ extent_NN1 ,_, the_AT viability_NN1 of_IO the_AT development_NN1 might_VM be_VBI compromised_VVN or_CC prejudicially_RR affected_VVN by_II a_AT1 refusal_NN1 to_TO grant_VVI relief_NN1 ;_; and_CC |_NULL (_( c_ZZ1 )_) The_AT timetable_NN1 for_IF implementing_VVG the_AT development_NN1 for_IF the_AT purpose_NN1 of_IO ascertaining_VVG whether_CSW the_AT granting_NN1 of_IO relief_NN1 would_VM encourage_VVI an_AT1 earlier_JJR completion_NN1 date_NN1 ;_; and_CC |_NULL (_( d_ZZ1 )_) The_AT location_NN1 of_IO the_AT proposed_JJ development_NN1 ;_; and_CC |_NULL (_( e_ZZ1 )_) The_AT nature_NN1 and_CC extent_NN1 of_IO any_DD free_JJ public_JJ amenities_NN2 or_CC public_JJ facilities_NN2 (_( additional_JJ to_II those_DD2 conferring_VVG structural_JJ benefits_NN2 under_II the_AT Council_NNJ 's_GE district_NN1 planning_NN1 scheme_NN1 )_) proposed_VVD to_TO be_VBI included_VVN in_II the_AT development_NN1 ,_, including_VVG ,_, but_CCB not_XX by_II31 way_II32 of_II33 limitation_NN1 ,_, public_JJ viewing_NN1 areas_NN2 and_CC rest_NN1 rooms_NN2 ,_, landscaping_VVG and_CC environmental_JJ improvements_NN2 ,_, fountains_NN2 ,_, and_CC outdoor_JJ sculpture_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL (_( 3_MC )_) ^_NULL In_II remitting_VVG or_CC postponing_VVG any_DD rates_NN2 pursuant_II21 to_II22 this_DD1 Act_NN1 ,_, the_AT Council_NNJ may_VM remit_VVI or_CC postpone_VVI the_AT whole_NN1 or_CC a_AT1 part_NN1 of_IO the_AT rates_NN2 otherwise_RR payable_JJ for_IF a_AT1 whole_JJ year_NNT1 or_CC years_NNT2 ,_, or_CC for_IF any_DD lesser_JJ period_NN1 ,_, or_CC may_VM provide_VVI for_IF a_AT1 combination_NN1 of_IO remitting_VVG and_CC postponing_VVG rates_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL (_( 4_MC )_) ^_NULL A_AT1 resolution_NN1 under_II this_DD1 section_NN1 shall_VM not_XX be_VBI passed_VVN by_II the_AT Council_NNJ at_II any_DD meeting_NN1 from_II which_DDQ the_AT public_NN has_VHZ been_VBN excluded_VVN under_II section_NN1 4_MC of_IO the_AT Public_JJ Bodies_NN2 Meetings_NN2 Act_VV0 1962_MC ._. ^ |_NULL *4_NULL 4_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL Objection_NN1 by_II developer_NN1 against_II decision_NN1 of_IO Council_NNJ *-_- *0_NULL (_( 1_MC1 )_) ^_NULL Any_DD person_NN1 whose_DDQGE application_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 remission_NN1 or_CC postponement_NN1 of_IO rates_NN2 under_II this_DD1 Act_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN refused_VVN may_VM object_VVI against_II the_AT decision_NN1 of_IO the_AT Council_NNJ ._. ^ |_NULL (_( 2_MC )_) ^_NULL The_AT provisions_NN2 of_IO subsections_NN2 (_( 3_MC )_) to_II (_( 5_MC )_) of_IO section_NN1 90_MC of_IO the_AT Rating_NN1 Act_NN1 1967_MC ,_, with_IW the_AT necessary_JJ modifications_NN2 ,_, shall_VM apply_VVI in_II31 respect_II32 of_II33 objections_NN2 under_II this_DD1 section_NN1 as_CS21 if_CS22 references_NN2 in_II those_DD2 subsections_NN2 to_II a_AT1 territorial_JJ authority_NN1 were_VBDR references_NN2 to_II the_AT Council_NNJ ._. ^ |_NULL *4_NULL 5_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL Continuation_NN1 of_IO remission_NN1 or_CC postponement_NN1 after_II completion_NN1 of_IO development_NN1 *-_- ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT Council_NNJ may_VM continue_VVI a_AT1 remission_NN1 or_CC postponement_NN1 of_IO rates_NN2 under_II this_DD1 Act_NN1 in_II31 respect_II32 of_II33 not_XX more_RR21 than_RR22 3_MC rating_NN1 years_NNT2 commencing_VVG on_II the_AT 1st_MD day_NNT1 of_IO April_NPM1 next_MD following_VVG the_AT date_NN1 on_II which_DDQ ,_, in_II the_AT Council_NNJ 's_GE opinion_NN1 ,_, the_AT development_NN1 was_VBDZ completed_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL *4_NULL 6_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL Registration_NN1 of_IO charges_NN2 for_IF postponed_JJ rates_NN2 *-_- ^_NULL *0_NULL Where_CS any_DD rates_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN ,_, are_VBR ,_, or_CC will_VM be_VBI postponed_VVN under_II this_DD1 Act_NN1 ,_, the_AT provisions_NN2 of_IO section_NN1 96_MC of_IO the_AT Rating_NN1 Act_NN1 1967_MC ,_, with_IW the_AT necessary_JJ modifications_NN2 ,_, shall_VM apply_VVI in_II31 respect_II32 of_II33 the_AT postponement_NN1 as_CS21 if_CS22 references_NN2 in_II that_DD1 section_NN1 to_II a_AT1 local_JJ authority_NN1 were_VBDR references_NN2 to_II the_AT Council_NNJ ._. ^ |_NULL *4_NULL 7_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL Council_NNJ may_VM impose_VVI conditions_NN2 when_CS granting_VVG relief_NN1 *-_- ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT Council_NNJ may_VM remit_VVI or_CC postpone_VVI rates_NN2 under_II this_DD1 Act_NN1 subject_II21 to_II22 such_DA conditions_NN2 as_II21 to_II22 completion_NN1 of_IO the_AT development_NN1 concerned_JJ as_CSA it_PPH1 thinks_VVZ fit_JJ ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 279+TEXT+H15_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL *4_NULL 9_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL \_NULL Mr_NNB *6_NULL PETERS_NP1 *0_NULL (_( Tauranga_NP1 )_) ,_, on_II31 behalf_II32 of_II33 *4_NULL \_NULL Mr_NNB *6_NULL TOWNSHEND_NN1 *0_NULL (_( Kaimai_NP1 )_) ,_, to_II the_AT *4_NULL Minister_NN1 of_IO Immigration_NN1 :_: ^_NULL *0_NULL What_DDQ consultations_NN2 were_VBDR held_VVN with_IW Pacific_NP Island_NNL1 countries_NN2 before_II the_AT announced_JJ extension_NN1 of_IO the_AT number_NN1 of_IO countries_NN2 from_II which_DDQ skilled_VVD persons_NN2 qualifying_VVG under_II the_AT occupational_JJ priority_NN1 list_NN1 may_VM immigrate_VVI ;_; and_CC what_DDQ mechanism_NN1 is_VBZ now_RT in_II place_NN1 to_TO stop_VVI the_AT drainage_NN1 of_IO skills_NN2 from_II Pacific_NP Islands_NNL2 ,_, especially_RR of_IO those_DD2 who_PNQS have_VH0 been_VBN technically_RR and_CC professionally_RR trained_VVN in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 for_IF the_AT benefit_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE home_NN1 countries_NN2 ?_? ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL \_NULL Hon._JJ *6_NULL KERRY_NP1 BURKE_NP1 *0_NULL (_( Minister_NN1 of_IO Immigration_NN1 )_) :_: ^_NULL No_AT specific_JJ consultations_NN2 were_VBDR held_VVN with_IW the_AT Pacific_NP Island_NNL1 countries_NN2 ,_, nor_CC with_IW the_AT more_RR21 than_RR22 100_MC other_JJ countries_NN2 involved_JJ in_II the_AT policy_NN1 change_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL As_CSA my_APPGE statement_NN1 of_IO 18_MC February_NPM1 made_VVD clear_JJ ,_, no_AT change_NN1 is_VBZ envisaged_VVN with_II31 regard_II32 to_II33 the_AT existing_JJ arrangements_NN2 for_IF Western_NP1 Samoa_NP1 ,_, Australia_NP1 ,_, the_AT Netherlands_NP1 ,_, the_AT Cook_NP Islands_NNL2 ,_, Niue_NP1 ,_, or_CC the_AT Tokelau_NP Islands_NNL2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 will_VM continue_VVI to_TO be_VBI the_AT practice_NN1 not_XX to_TO entertain_VVI applications_NN2 from_II students_NN2 from_II Pacific_NP Island_NNL1 developing_JJ countries_NN2 or_CC from_II other_JJ developing_JJ countries_NN2 who_PNQS trained_VVD in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 under_II aid_NN1 programmes_NN2 or_CC Government_NNJ sponsorship_NN1 until_CS their_APPGE obligations_NN2 to_II their_APPGE home_NN1 Governments_NNJ2 and_CC countries_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN fulfilled_VVN ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Postal_JJ and_CC Telecommunications_NN2 Facilities_NN2 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL *6_NULL 10_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL JUDY_NP1 KEALL_NP1 *0_NULL (_( Glenfield_NP1 )_) to_II the_AT *4_NULL Postmaster-General_NN1 :_: ^_NULL *0_NULL What_DDQ capital_NN1 expenditure_NN1 by_II the_AT Post_NN1 Office_NN1 in_II the_AT 1986-87_MCMC financial_JJ year_NNT1 will_VM improve_VVI postal_JJ and_CC telecommunications_NN2 facilities_NN2 in_II the_AT Glenfield_NP1 electorate_NN1 ?_? ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL \_NULL Hon._JJ *6_NULL JONATHAN_NP1 HUNT_NP1 *0_NULL (_( Postmaster-General_NN1 )_) :_: ^_NULL The_AT Post_NN1 Office_NN1 plans_VVZ to_TO invest_VVI some_DD *+_NULL $2.8_NNU million_NNO on_II telecommunications_NN2 facilities_NN2 in_II the_AT Glenfield_NP1 electorate_NN1 during_II 1986-87_MCMC ,_, and_CC is_VBZ at_RR21 present_RR22 working_VVG towards_II decentralising_VVG postal_JJ operations_NN2 in_II the_AT North_NP Shore_NP1 area_NN1 as_II a_AT1 means_NN of_IO improving_VVG service_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Four_MC of_IO the_AT five_MC post_NN1 offices_NN2 located_VVN within_II the_AT Glenfield_NP1 electorate_NN1 *-_- namely_REX Chequers_NP1 ,_, Glenfield_NP1 ,_, Glenfield_NP1 North_NP1 ,_, and_CC Greenhithe_NP1 *-_- have_VH0 either_RR had_VHN alterations_NN2 completed_VVN recently_RR or_CC alterations_NN2 planned_VVN for_IF the_AT near_JJ future_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL Judy_NP1 Keall_NP1 :_: ^_NULL *0_NULL How_RRQ is_VBZ the_AT *+_NULL $2.8_NNU million_NNO to_TO be_VBI spent_VVN on_II telecommunications_NN2 ?_? ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL \_NULL Hon._JJ *6_NULL JONATHAN_NP1 HUNT_NP1 :_: ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT main_JJ items_NN2 of_IO expenditure_NN1 on_II telecommunications_NN2 include_VV0 a_AT1 1600_MC line_NN1 extension_NN1 to_II the_AT Glenfield_NP1 exchange_NN1 at_II a_AT1 cost_NN1 of_IO more_DAR than_CSN *+_NULL $300,000_NNU ,_, replacement_NN1 and_CC expansion_NN1 of_IO the_AT Forest_NP Hill_NNL1 exchange_NN1 to_II 6400_MC lines_NN2 at_II a_AT1 cost_NN1 of_IO *+_NULL $1.7_NNU million_NNO ,_, and_CC augmentation_NN1 of_IO major_JJ cable_NN1 routes_NN2 ,_, feeder_NN1 cables_NN2 ,_, and_CC subscriber_NN1 reticulation_NN1 ,_, costing_VVG about_II *+_NULL $800,000_NNU ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL \_NULL Mr_NNB {_NULL R._NP1 F._NP1 H._NP1 }_NULL Maxwell_NP1 :_: ^_NULL *0_NULL Will_NP1 the_AT public_NN get_VVI a_AT1 22_MC percent_NNU increase_NN1 in_II service_NN1 as_II a_AT1 result_NN1 of_IO the_AT increases_NN2 in_II charges_NN2 ?_? ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL \_NULL Hon._JJ *6_NULL JONATHAN_NP1 HUNT_NP1 :_: ^_NULL *0_NULL I_PPIS1 am_VBM satisfied_JJ there_EX will_VM be_VBI a_AT1 considerable_JJ improvement_NN1 in_II the_AT services_NN2 provided_VVN ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Lamb_NP1 Sales_NN2 *-_- France_NP1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL 11_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL \_NULL Dr_NNB *6_NULL LOCKWOOD_NP1 SMITH_NP1 *0_NULL (_( Kaipara_NP1 )_) to_II the_AT *4_NULL Prime_JJ Minister_NN1 :_: ^_NULL *0_NULL When_CS precisely_RR did_VDD the_AT Government_NN initiate_VVI its_APPGE inquiry_NN1 into_II the_AT meat_NN1 industry_NN1 's_VHZ claims_NN2 that_CST New_NP Zealand_NP1 's_GE handling_NN1 of_IO the_AT *1_NULL Rainbow_NP1 Warrior_NP1 *0_NULL affair_NN1 has_VHZ led_VVN France_NP1 to_TO block_VVI lamb_NN1 brain_NN1 imports_VVZ worth_II *+_NULL $8.5_NNU million_NNO ,_, and_CC what_DDQ has_VHZ been_VBN the_AT outcome_NN1 of_IO those_DD2 investigations_NN2 ?_? ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL {_NULL Rt_NNB ._. ^ Hon._JJ }_NULL *6_NULL DAVID_NP1 LANGE_NP1 *0_NULL (_( Prime_JJ Minister_NN1 )_) :_: ^_NULL Inquiries_NN2 commenced_VVD as_CS31 soon_CS32 as_CS33 reports_NN2 were_VBDR received_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 were_VBDR undertaken_VVN through_II the_AT embassy_NN1 in_II Paris_NP1 and_CC through_II inquiry_NN1 from_II the_AT associates_NN2 of_IO the_AT importing_JJ firms_NNJ2 in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT results_NN2 were_VBDR unsatisfactory_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL As_II a_AT1 result_NN1 I_PPIS1 wrote_VVD to_II the_AT French_JJ Minister_NN1 of_IO External_JJ Relations_NN2 ,_, \_NULL M._NN1 Dumas_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL *4_NULL \_NULL Dr_NNB Lockwood_NP1 Smith_NP1 :_: ^_NULL *0_NULL Could_VM the_AT Prime_JJ Minister_NN1 please_RR answer_VV0 the_AT question_NN1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL Precisely_RR when_RRQ were_VBDR the_AT investigations_NN2 initiated_VVN ,_, and_CC what_DDQ has_VHZ the_AT outcome_NN1 been_VBN ?_? ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL {_NULL Rt_NNB ._. ^ Hon._JJ }_NULL *6_NULL DAVID_NP1 LANGE_NP1 :_: ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT investigations_NN2 were_VBDR commenced_VVN as_CS31 soon_CS32 as_CS33 the_AT reports_NN2 were_VBDR received_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL \_NULL Dr_NNB Lockwood_NP1 Smith_NP1 :_: ^_NULL *0_NULL I_PPIS1 asked_VVD precisely_RR when_RRQ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL {_NULL Rt_NNB ._. ^ Hon._JJ }_NULL *6_NULL DAVID_NP1 LANGE_NP1 :_: ^_NULL *0_NULL I_PPIS1 do_VD0 not_XX know_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 could_VM have_VHI been_VBN 10.45_MC {_NULL a.m_RA ._. ^ }_NULL or_CC it_PPH1 could_VM have_VHI been_VBN been_VBN 10.47_MC {_NULL a.m_RA ._. ^ }_NULL on_II that_DD1 day_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT question_NN1 went_VVD beyond_II lamb_NN1 brains_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 goes_VVZ to_II the_AT issue_NN1 of_IO seed_NN1 potatoes_NN2 and_CC an_AT1 import_NN1 licence_NN1 for_IF some_DD 60_MC tonnes_NNU2 of_IO meat_NN1 to_II New_NP Caledonia_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL As_II a_AT1 result_NN1 of_IO those_DD2 inquiries_NN2 ,_, it_PPH1 became_VVD clear_JJ that_CST there_EX was_VBDZ either_RR a_AT1 low-level_JJ official_JJ programme_NN1 of_IO hindering_VVG New_NP Zealand_NP1 's_GE commercial_JJ activity_NN1 with_IW France_NP1 ,_, or_CC a_AT1 top-level_JJ political_JJ decision_NN1 had_VHD been_VBN made_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 wrote_VVD to_II the_AT French_JJ Minister_NN1 of_IO External_JJ Relations_NN2 to_TO find_VVI out_RP what_DDQ was_VBDZ really_RR involved_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT matter_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN communicated_VVN to_II the_AT {_NULL OECD_NN1 }_NULL in_II Paris_NP1 and_CC a_AT1 case_NN1 is_VBZ being_VBG prepared_VVN for_IF {_NULL GATT_NP1 }_NULL ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL \_NULL Dr_NNB Lockwood_NP1 Smith_NP1 :_: ^_NULL *0_NULL Could_VM I_PPIS1 please_RR have_VHI the_AT date_NN1 when_RRQ those_DD2 inquiries_NN2 were_VBDR initiated_VVN ;_; and_CC what_DDQ steps_NN2 does_VDZ the_AT Prime_JJ Minister_NN1 plan_VV0 to_TO take_VVI now_RT ,_, given_VVN the_AT1 outcome_NN1 he_PPHS1 has_VHZ described_VVN ?_? ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL {_NULL Rt_NNB ._. ^ Hon._JJ }_NULL *6_NULL DAVID_NP1 LANGE_NP1 :_: ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT actual_JJ date_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX part_NN1 of_IO my_APPGE brief_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ as_CS31 soon_CS32 as_CS33 the_AT inquiry_NN1 was_VBDZ received_VVN ,_, and_CC I_PPIS1 give_VV0 the_AT member_NN1 my_APPGE undertaking_NN1 about_II that_DD1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT matter_NN1 of_IO lamb_NN1 brains_NN2 was_VBDZ actually_RR preceded_VVN by_II the_AT complaint_NN1 over_II lamb_NN1 and_CC seed_NN1 potato_NN1 imports_VVZ into_II New_NP Caledonia_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT outcome_NN1 is_VBZ that_CST I_MC1 first_MD spoke_VVD with_IW the_AT French_JJ Ambassador_NN1 to_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 just_RR before_CS he_PPHS1 left_VVD for_IF a_AT1 council_NNJ meeting_VVG in_II Paris_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 have_VH0 received_VVN no_AT official_JJ acknowledgment_NN1 from_II the_AT French_JJ Minister_NN1 of_IO External_JJ Relations_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 have_VH0 not_XX had_VHN anything_PN1 other_II21 than_II22 an_AT1 interim_JJ report_NN1 of_IO the_AT way_NN1 in_II which_DDQ the_AT matter_NN1 was_VBDZ received_VVN at_II the_AT {_NULL OECD_NN1 }_NULL ,_, although_CS the_AT initial_JJ response_NN1 indicated_VVD a_AT1 strong_JJ sympathy_NN1 for_IF the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 position_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT general_JJ effect_NN1 of_IO the_AT message_NN1 is_VBZ that_CST the_AT French_NN1 are_VBR never_RR more_RGR intractable_JJ than_CSN when_RRQ they_PPHS2 are_VBR 100_MC percent_NNU wrong_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL \_NULL Hon._JJ {_NULL J._NP1 H._NP1 }_NULL Falloon_NP1 :_: ^_NULL *0_NULL Has_VHZ the_AT Prime_JJ Minister_NN1 asked_VVD the_AT Minister_NN1 of_IO Agriculture_NN1 ,_, who_PNQS is_VBZ in_II Ireland_NP1 ,_, to_TO visit_VVI any_DD French_JJ Minister_NN1 to_TO clarify_VVI the_AT position_NN1 face_NN1 to_II face_NN1 ?_? ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL {_NULL Rt_NNB ._. ^ Hon._JJ }_NULL *6_NULL DAVID_NP1 LANGE_NP1 :_: ^_NULL *0_NULL That_DD1 is_VBZ a_AT1 possibility_NN1 but_CCB it_PPH1 is_VBZ considered_VVN appropriate_JJ at_II this_DD1 stage_NN1 to_TO take_VVI the_AT matter_NN1 through_II the_AT multilateral_JJ institutions_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Minister_NN1 of_IO Agriculture_NN1 is_VBZ at_RR21 present_RR22 doing_VDG a_AT1 round_NN1 of_IO some_DD European_JJ capitals_NN2 and_CC would_VM certainly_RR be_VBI available_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 remains_VVZ for_IF it_PPH1 to_TO be_VBI determined_VVN whether_CSW the_AT matter_NN1 arises_VVZ from_II a_AT1 political_JJ directive_NN1 from_II the_AT French_JJ Administration_NNJ or_CC from_II someone_PN1 within_II the_AT bureaucracy_NN1 who_PNQS ,_, thinking_VVG to_TO please_VVI his_APPGE or_CC her_APPGE master_NN1 by_II breathing_VVG on_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 ,_, is_VBZ doing_VDG so_RG in_II the_AT hope_NN1 of_IO preference_NN1 within_II the_AT French_JJ system_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT second_MD alternative_NN1 is_VBZ distinctly_RR possible_JJ ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Industrial_JJ Design_NN1 Awards_NN2 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL 12_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL \_NULL Mr_NNB *6_NULL ANDERTON_NP1 *0_NULL (_( Sydenham_NP1 )_) to_II the_AT *4_NULL Minister_NN1 of_IO Trade_NN1 and_CC Industry_NN1 :_: ^_NULL *0_NULL Does_VDZ he_PPHS1 know_VVI that_DD1 of_IO the_AT six_MC finalists_NN2 for_IF the_AT Prince_NNB Philip_NP1 award_NN1 for_IF industrial_JJ design_NN1 four_MC come_VV0 from_II manufacturers_NN2 in_II Christchurch_NP1 ,_, and_CC ,_, if_CS so_CS ,_, has_VHZ he_PPHS1 any_DD information_NN1 to_TO suggest_VVI why_RRQ this_DD1 predominance_NN1 of_IO Christchurch_NP1 design_NN1 talent_NN1 has_VHZ occurred_VVN ,_, and_CC what_DDQ implications_NN2 it_PPH1 has_VHZ for_IF the_AT manufacturing_JJ industry_NN1 of_IO the_AT country_NN1 ?_? ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL \_NULL Hon._JJ *6_NULL DAVID_NP1 CAYGILL_NP1 *0_NULL (_( Minister_NN1 of_IO Trade_NN1 and_CC Industry_NN1 )_) :_: ^_NULL Yes_UH ,_, I_PPIS1 did_VDD know_VVI that_CST four_MC of_IO the_AT six_MC finalists_NN2 for_IF the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 Industrial_JJ Design_NN1 Council_NNJ 's_GE 1985_MC Prince_NNB Philip_NP1 Design_NN1 Award_NN1 were_VBDR Christchurch_NP1 manufacturers_NN2 ,_, and_CC that_CST the_AT winning_JJ product_NN1 was_VBDZ manufactured_VVN in_II Christchurch_NP1 by_II Tait_NP1 Electronics_NN1 \_NULL Ltd_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL That_DD1 success_NN1 reflects_VVZ the_AT recognition_NN1 that_CST the_AT Christchurch_NP1 manufacturers_NN2 have_VH0 given_VVN to_II the_AT need_NN1 to_TO incorporate_VVI good_JJ industrial_JJ design_NN1 as_II part_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE product_NN1 development_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT wider_JJR recognition_NN1 of_IO the_AT approach_NN1 means_VVZ that_CST New_NP Zealand_NP1 manufacturers_NN2 as_II a_AT1 whole_NN1 would_VM be_VBI better_RRR placed_VVN to_TO meet_VVI the_AT growing_JJ competition_NN1 both_RR here_RL and_CC abroad_RL ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL \_NULL Mr_NNB McLean_NP1 :_: ^_NULL *0_NULL Is_VBZ one_MC1 of_IO the_AT implications_NN2 for_IF the_AT manufacturing_JJ industry_NN1 *-_- as_CSA asked_VVN in_II the_AT original_JJ question_NN1 *-_- that_CST many_DA2 Christchurch_NP1 designers_NN2 are_VBR ready_JJ to_TO migrate_VVI because_CS so_RG much_DA1 of_IO Christchurch_NP1 manufacturing_VVG industry_NN1 ,_, like_II Anderson_NP1 's_GE ,_, is_VBZ closing_VVG down_RP ?_? ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL \_NULL Hon._JJ *6_NULL DAVID_NP1 CAYGILL_NP1 :_: ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT member_NN1 asked_VVD whether_CSW I_PPIS1 took_VVD that_DD1 from_II the_AT question_NN1 ;_; indeed_RR ,_, I_PPIS1 took_VVD the_AT contrary_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 are_VBR not_XX migrating_VVG ,_, because_CS four_MC of_IO the_AT six_MC finalists_NN2 are_VBR based_VVN in_II Christchurch_NP1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *6_NULL DEBATE_NN1 *-_- GENERAL_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL \_NULL Hon._JJ *6_NULL {_NULL J._NP1 B._NP1 }_NULL BOLGER_NP1 *0_NULL (_( Deputy_NN1 Leader_NN1 of_IO the_AT Opposition_NNJ )_) :_: ^_NULL I_PPIS1 move_VV0 ,_, *1_NULL That_CST a_AT1 general_JJ debate_NN1 be_VBI now_CS held_VVN ._. ^ *0_NULL I_PPIS1 will_VM talk_VVI about_II inflation_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 topic_NN1 that_CST was_VBDZ covered_VVN in_RP today_RT 's_GE first_MD question_NN1 of_IO the_AT day_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 will_VM consider_VVI that_DD1 question_NN1 in_II the_AT context_NN1 of_IO agriculture_NN1 and_CC the_AT tragedy_NN1 that_CST is_VBZ unfolding_VVG in_II the_AT farming_NN1 and_CC rural_JJ communities_NNJ2 and_CC in_II families_NN2 up_RP and_CC down_RP the_AT country_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 are_VBR witnessing_VVG the_AT Minister_NN1 of_IO Finance_NN1 desperately_RR flailing_VVG about_II himself_PPX1 to_TO find_VVI an_AT1 excuse_NN1 for_IF the_AT disaster_NN1 he_PPHS1 has_VHZ visited_VVN upon_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 families_NN2 and_CC those_DD2 in_II the_AT productive_JJ sector_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Those_DD2 who_PNQS believed_VVD the_AT Minister_NN1 now_RT find_VV0 his_APPGE assurances_NN2 and_CC statements_NN2 to_TO be_VBI untrue_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Those_DD2 who_PNQS believed_VVD the_AT Prime_JJ Minister_NN1 now_RT find_VV0 his_APPGE statements_NN2 to_TO be_VBI untrue_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II the_AT Christchurch_NP1 *1_NULL Press_NNJ *0_NULL of_IO 18_MC May_NPM1 1985_MC *-_- only_RR 10_MC months_NNT2 ago_RA *-_- the_AT Prime_JJ Minister_NN1 is_VBZ quoted_VVN as_CSA saying_VVG :_: *"_" ^_NULL Farmers_NP1 may_VM be_VBI in_RP for_IF a_AT1 hard_JJ time_NNT1 ,_, but_CCB they_PPHS2 will_VM not_XX be_VBI forced_VVN off_II their_APPGE farms_NN2 ._. **"_" ^ ^_NULL That_DD1 statement_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN exposed_VVN as_CSA being_VBG untrue_JJ ,_, and_CC anyone_PN1 who_PNQS is_VBZ in_II any_DD doubt_NN1 can_VM read_VVI the_AT front_JJ page_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 morning_NNT1 's_GE *1_NULL Dominion_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL We_PPIS2 are_VBR hearing_VVG the_AT roar_NN1 from_II the_AT hills_NN2 that_CST greeted_VVD the_AT Minister_NN1 of_IO Finance_NN1 in_II Palmerston_NP1 North_NP1 yesterday_RT ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 roar_NN1 of_IO desperation_NN1 from_II families_NN2 who_PNQS see_VV0 their_APPGE life_NN1 's_VBZ work_NN1 destroyed_VVD by_II *"_" Rogernomics_NN2 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 roar_NN1 of_IO anger_NN1 at_II the_AT Prime_JJ Minister_NN1 ,_, who_PNQS spoke_VVD of_IO consensus_NN1 before_II the_AT election_NN1 and_CC now_RT pursues_VVZ policies_NN2 that_CST divide_VV0 New_NP Zealand_NP1 *-_- town_NN1 and_CC country_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Members_NN2 have_VH0 a_AT1 responsibility_NN1 to_TO stop_VVI the_AT economic_JJ madness_NN1 that_CST the_AT Executive_NN is_VBZ imposing_VVG upon_II the_AT country_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL That_DD1 responsibility_NN1 goes_VVZ not_XX only_RR through_II the_AT Opposition_NNJ benches_NN2 but_CCB also_RR through_II the_AT Government_NNJ 's_GE back_NN1 benches_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 know_VV0 those_DD2 Government_NNJ back-bench_JJ members_NN2 are_VBR also_RR confronted_VVN with_IW the_AT enormous_JJ social_NN1 costs_VVZ that_CST the_AT economic_JJ policies_NN2 imposed_VVD by_II the_AT Executive_NN are_VBR causing_VVG ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 call_VV0 upon_II Government_NNJ back-bench_JJ members_NN2 to_TO stand_VVI up_RP and_CC represent_VVI their_APPGE constituents_NN2 on_II the_AT matter_NN1 ,_, and_CC not_XX be_VBI cowed_VVN by_II the_AT Executive_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT time_NNT1 to_TO speak_VVI out_RP is_VBZ now_RT ._. ^ ^_NULL Farmers_NP1 and_CC small_JJ businesses_NN2 are_VBR being_VBG destroyed_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT anguished_JJ cry_NN1 from_II that_DD1 group_NN is_VBZ simple_JJ :_: why_RRQ is_VBZ the_AT Minister_NN1 of_IO Finance_NN1 trying_VVG to_TO crucify_VVI the_AT productive_JJ sector_NN1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ no_AT answer_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL That_DD1 is_VBZ the_AT cry_NN1 I_PPIS1 hear_VV0 up_RP and_CC down_RP the_AT country_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Why_RRQ is_VBZ the_AT Government_NNJ trying_VVG to_TO destroy_VVI those_DD2 who_PNQS work_VV0 long_JJ hours_NNT2 under_II arduous_JJ conditions_NN2 to_TO create_VVI the_AT wealth_NN1 of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 through_II exports_NN2 ?_? ^ ^_NULL What_DDQ madness_NN1 drives_VVZ the_AT Executive_NN 's_GE economic_JJ policy_NN1 in_II that_DD1 direction_NN1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL That_DD1 question_NN1 is_VBZ on_II the_AT lips_NN2 of_IO every_AT1 New_JJ Zealander_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ a_AT1 matter_NN1 of_IO equity_NN1 and_CC priority_NN1 :_: equity_NN1 between_II sectors_NN2 ,_, and_CC priority_NN1 in_II31 terms_II32 of_II33 investment_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Today_RT the_AT Postmaster-General_NN1 spoke_VVD in_II the_AT House_NN1 about_II the_AT investment_NN1 in_II the_AT Post_NN1 Office_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT House_NN1 was_VBDZ told_VVN that_CST New_NP Zealand_NP1 can_VM afford_VVI *+_NULL $700_NNU million_NNO worth_NN1 of_IO new_JJ investment_NN1 in_II the_AT Post_NN1 Office_NN1 ,_, and_CC can_VM spend_VVI *+_NULL $1,200_NNU million_NNO on_II increasing_VVG the_AT salaries_NN2 of_IO State_NN1 employees_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL However_RR ,_, according_II21 to_II22 *"_" Rogernomics_NN2 **"_" madness_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 has_VHZ no_AT money_NN1 to_TO invest_VVI in_II the_AT productive_JJ sector_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ a_AT1 matter_NN1 of_IO priorities_NN2 ,_, and_CC the_AT Government_NNJ is_VBZ not_XX establishing_VVG the_AT correct_JJ priorities_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ not_XX establishing_VVG the_AT essential_JJ priorities_NN2 if_CS New_NP Zealand_NP1 is_VBZ to_TO have_VHI an_AT1 economic_JJ future_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ no_AT gain_NN1 in_II deregulating_VVG the_AT finance_NN1 market_NN1 if_CS the_AT Government_NNJ ,_, through_II its_APPGE economic_JJ policies_NN2 ,_, dominates_VVZ the_AT market_NN1 by_II the_AT massive_JJ borrowing_JJ programme_NN1 to_II which_DDQ it_PPH1 is_VBZ committed_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL Interest_NN1 rates_NN2 are_VBR dominated_VVN by_II the_AT Government_NNJ 's_GE policy_NN1 of_IO borrowing_JJ *+_NULL $3_NNU billion_NNO in_II the_AT past_JJ financial_JJ year_NNT1 from_II the_AT internal_JJ market_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL That_DD1 amounts_VVZ to_II *+_NULL $3,000_NNU for_IF each_DD1 man_NN1 ,_, woman_NN1 ,_, and_CC child_NN1 *-_- or_CC *+_NULL $15,000_NNU a_AT1 family_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL Worse_JJR is_VBZ to_TO come_VVI because_CS the_AT Government_NNJ is_VBZ committed_VVN to_II borrowing_JJ *+_NULL $4.5_NNU billion_NNO in_II the_AT next_MD financial_JJ year_NNT1 ,_, which_DDQ starts_VVZ in_II April_NPM1 *-_- just_RR one_MC1 month_NNT1 away_RL ._. ^ ^_NULL That_DD1 *+_NULL $4.5_NNU billion_NNO is_VBZ the_AT equivalent_NN1 of_IO *+_NULL $22,000_NNU for_IF each_DD1 family_NN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Deregulating_VVG the_AT finance_NN1 market_NN1 will_VM not_XX help_VVI if_CSW the_AT Government_NNJ dominates_VVZ the_AT market_NN1 ,_, pushes_VVZ interest_NN1 rates_NN2 to_II an_AT1 unsustainable_JJ level_NN1 for_IF the_AT export_NN1 sector_NN1 ,_, and_CC ,_, by_II so_RR doing_VDG ,_, inflates_VVZ the_AT value_NN1 of_IO the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 dollar_NNU1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT interest_NN1 rates_NN2 policy_NN1 followed_VVN by_II the_AT Minister_NN1 of_IO Finance_NN1 makes_VVZ the_AT New_NP York_NP1 mafia_NN1 appear_VV0 soft-hearted_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 headline_NN1 in_II today_RT 's_GE *1_NULL Dominion_NN1 *0_NULL states_VVZ :_: *"_" ^_NULL Borrowers_NP1 to_TO pay_VVI interest_NN1 on_II interest_NN1 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL Borrowers_NN2 are_VBR borrowing_VVG money_NN1 to_TO pay_VVI interest_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 are_VBR paying_VVG interest_NN1 on_II interest_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Is_VBZ it_PPH1 any_DD wonder_NN1 that_CST I_PPIS1 talk_VV0 about_II madness_NN1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ madness_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ no_AT rational_JJ base_NN1 to_II the_AT policy_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL No_AT country_NN1 ,_, family_NN ,_, or_CC home_NN1 is_VBZ safe_JJ from_II the_AT economic_JJ madness_NN1 that_CST is_VBZ abroad_RL ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL People_NN can_VM not_XX survive_VVI paying_VVG interest_NN1 on_II interest_NN1 ,_, but_CCB that_DD1 is_VBZ the_AT point_NN1 to_II which_DDQ *"_" Rogernomics_NN2 **"_" has_VHZ taken_VVN New_NP Zealand_NP1 in_II 20_MC short_JJ months_NNT2 ._. ^ ^_NULL New_NP Zealand_NP1 had_VHD a_AT1 strong_JJ and_CC vigorous_JJ economy_NN1 ,_, and_CC a_AT1 strong_JJ and_CC growing_JJ export_NN1 industry_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Homes_NN2 were_VBDR established_VVN ,_, and_CC families_NN2 were_VBDR setting_VVG up_RP their_APPGE own_DA homes_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL However_RR ,_, they_PPHS2 are_VBR being_VBG destroyed_VVN by_II the_AT policies_NN2 that_CST push_VV0 up_RP Government_NNJ charges_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Post_NN1 Office_NN1 will_VM increase_VVI its_APPGE charges_NN2 by_II 22_MC percent_NNU ;_; other_JJ charges_NN2 were_VBDR increased_VVN by_II 40_MC percent_NNU to_II 50_MC percent_NNU last_MD year_NNT1 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 280+TEXT+H16_FO **]_NULL ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL New_NP Zealand_NP1 received_VVD *+_NULL $1_NNU billion_NNO less_DAR in_II export_NN1 income_NN1 during_II the_AT first_MD 5_MC months_NNT2 of_IO 1986_MC ,_, and_CC the_AT position_NN1 is_VBZ worsening_VVG ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT balance_NN1 of_IO payments_NN2 will_VM get_VVI worse_JJR ,_, and_CC the_AT Government_NNJ knows_VVZ that_DD1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Why_RRQ can_VM Government_NNJ members_NN2 not_XX acknowledge_VV0 that_CST projects_NN2 must_VM proceed_VVI and_CC that_DD1 development_NN1 must_VM continue_VVI ?_? ^ |_NULL ^_NULL New_NP Zealand_NP1 must_VM earn_VVI its_APPGE way_NN1 in_II the_AT world_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ not_XX possible_JJ for_IF it_PPH1 to_TO earn_VVI its_APPGE way_NN1 merely_RR by_II pontificating_VVG on_II world_NN1 stages_NN2 ,_, as_CSA the_AT Prime_JJ Minister_NN1 does_VDZ ,_, and_CC upsetting_VVG its_APPGE friends_NN2 and_CC allies_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL That_DD1 will_VM not_XX get_VVI New_NP Zealand_NP1 very_RG far_RR at_RR21 all_RR22 ._. ^ [_( *1_NULL ^_NULL Interruption_NN1 ._. ^ ]_) ^_NULL The_AT grizzly_JJ Minister_NN1 of_IO Health_NN1 is_VBZ now_RT joining_VVG the_AT debate_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 would_VM not_XX be_VBI able_JK to_TO develop_VVI anything_PN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL His_APPGE only_JJ success_NN1 in_II life_NN1 is_VBZ shutting_VVG down_RP hospitals_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 know_VV0 ,_, because_CS he_PPHS1 has_VHZ done_VDN that_DD1 in_II my_APPGE area_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 is_VBZ good_JJ at_II waving_VVG shrouds_NN2 and_CC attacking_VVG doctors_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II their_APPGE totality_NN1 ,_, the_AT major_JJ projects_NN2 *-_- the_AT ammonia-urea_JJ plant_NN1 ,_, the_AT methanol_NN1 plant_NN1 ,_, the_AT McKee_NP1 oil_NN1 wells_NN2 ,_, New_NP Zealand_NP1 Steel_NP1 ,_, the_AT synthetic_JJ fuel_NN1 plant_NN1 ,_, the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 refinery_NN1 expansion_NN1 ,_, and_CC Comalco_NP1 *-_- will_VM earn_VVI New_NP Zealand_NP1 gross_JJ foreign_JJ exchange_NN1 earnings_NN2 of_IO *+_NULL $1,300_NNU million_NNO and_CC net_JJ after-interest_NN1 returns_VVZ of_IO *+_NULL $550_NNU million_NNO annually_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 are_VBR good_JJ investments_NN2 for_IF New_NP Zealand_NP1 ,_, and_CC they_PPHS2 will_VM be_VBI better_JJR in_II the_AT future_NN1 when_RRQ the_AT oil_NN1 markets_NN2 of_IO the_AT world_NN1 return_VV0 to_II their_APPGE normal_JJ state_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL However_RR ,_, at_RR21 present_RR22 they_PPHS2 are_VBR still_RR earning_JJ dollars_NNU2 for_IF New_NP Zealand_NP1 ,_, and_CC God_NP1 knows_VVZ we_PPIS2 need_VV0 dollars_NNU2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL David_NP1 Butcher_NP1 :_: ^_NULL *0_NULL Why_RRQ ?_? ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL \_NULL Hon._JJ *6_NULL {_NULL J._NP1 B._NP1 }_NULL BOLGER_NP1 :_: ^_NULL *0_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ no_AT wonder_NN1 we_PPIS2 are_VBR in_II trouble_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Parliamentary_JJ Under-Secretary_NN1 to_II the_AT Minister_NN1 of_IO Agriculture_NN1 does_VDZ not_XX know_VVI why_RRQ we_PPIS2 need_VV0 dollars_NNU2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ no_AT wonder_NN1 farming_NN1 is_VBZ in_II trouble_NN1 !_! ^ ^_NULL That_DD1 member_NN1 does_VDZ not_XX know_VVI why_RRQ we_PPIS2 need_VV0 to_TO earn_VVI money_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 shall_VM explain_VVI it_PPH1 so_CS21 that_CS22 it_PPH1 is_VBZ clear_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL When_RRQ people_NN buy_VV0 things_NN2 they_PPHS2 pay_VV0 for_IF them_PPHO2 ;_; the_AT way_NN1 to_TO pay_VVI for_IF them_PPHO2 is_VBZ by_II selling_VVG something_PN1 else_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL If_CS the_AT Under-Secretary_NN1 talks_VVZ to_II me_PPIO1 later_RRR I_PPIS1 shall_VM explain_VVI it_PPH1 a_RR21 little_RR22 further_RRR ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Bill_NP1 before_II Parliament_NNJ is_VBZ wrong_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Its_APPGE timing_NN1 is_VBZ wrong_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ no_AT alternative_JJ planning_NN1 procedure_NN1 to_TO eliminate_VVI the_AT delays_NN2 that_CST will_VM inevitably_RR occur_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL Whether_CSW the_AT Government_NNJ likes_VVZ any_DD particular_JJ project_NN1 or_CC not_XX ,_, Opposition_NNJ members_NN2 presume_VV0 that_CST it_PPH1 wants_VVZ some_DD development_NN1 to_TO take_VVI place_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL If_CS that_DD1 is_VBZ so_CS there_EX has_VHZ to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 planning_NN1 procedure_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT member_NN1 for_IF \_NULL St._NP Kilda_NP1 was_VBDZ happy_JJ to_TO have_VHI some_DD development_NN1 in_II his_APPGE area_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL However_RR ,_, it_PPH1 did_VDD not_XX take_VVI place_NN1 ,_, and_CC he_PPHS1 is_VBZ upset_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT energy_NN1 programme_NN1 that_CST was_VBDZ embarked_VVN upon_II will_VM reduce_VVI New_NP Zealand_NP1 's_GE demand_NN1 for_IF imported_JJ fuel_NN1 to_II 1.6_MC million_NNO tonnes_NNU2 compared_VVN to_II 4.2_MC million_NNO tonnes_NNU2 ._. ^ ^_NULL That_DD1 was_VBDZ the_AT projection_NN1 of_IO the_AT energy_NN1 plan_NN1 ,_, and_CC that_DD1 plan_NN1 is_VBZ on_II target_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL As_CS31 long_CS32 as_CS33 the_AT natural_JJ gas_NN1 is_VBZ there_EX to_TO supply_VVI those_DD2 projects_NN2 New_NP Zealand_NP1 will_VM have_VHI security_NN1 of_IO supply_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL That_DD1 is_VBZ worth_II a_AT1 lot_NN of_IO money_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT member_NN1 for_IF Sydenham_NP1 knows_VVZ it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 is_VBZ a_RR21 little_RR22 concerned_JJ because_CS the_AT Government_NNJ wants_VVZ to_TO sell_VVI his_APPGE bank_NN1 ;_; he_PPHS1 thinks_VVZ that_DD1 is_VBZ a_RR21 bit_RR22 unfair_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 do_VD0 not_XX think_VVI it_PPH1 is_VBZ a_AT1 bad_JJ idea_NN1 ;_; the_AT member_NN1 for_IF Sydenham_NP1 should_VM get_VVI in_RP behind_II it_PPH1 ,_, and_CC let_VVI private_JJ sector_NN1 expertise_NN1 get_VV0 in_RP with_IW the_AT bank_NN1 as_CSA it_PPH1 got_VVD in_RP with_IW the_AT major_JJ projects_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 would_VM be_VBI wrong_JJ for_IF New_NP Zealand_NP1 to_TO proceed_VVI with_IW the_AT Bill_NP1 at_II this_DD1 stage_NN1 without_IW adequate_JJ replacement_NN1 planning_NN1 legislation_NN1 to_TO ensure_VVI that_CST projects_NN2 can_VM go_VVI ahead_RL on_II time_NNT1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL \_NULL Mr_NNB *6_NULL ANDERTON_NP1 *0_NULL (_( Sydenham_NP1 )_) :_: ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ a_AT1 very_RG good_JJ opportunity_NN1 for_IF me_PPIO1 to_TO follow_VVI the_AT Leader_NP1 of_IO the_AT Opposition_NNJ and_CC to_TO give_VVI him_PPHO1 my_APPGE views_NN2 on_II the_AT repeal_NN1 of_IO the_AT Act_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 have_VH0 some_DD advice_NN1 for_IF him_PPHO1 ,_, and_CC perhaps_RR some_DD news_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT news_NN1 for_IF the_AT Leader_NP1 of_IO the_AT Opposition_NNJ is_VBZ that_CST the_AT Government_NNJ does_VDZ not_XX have_VHI any_DD silver_NN1 to_TO sell_VVI ,_, because_CS the_AT National_JJ Government_NNJ pawned_VVD the_AT lot_NN before_II the_AT Labour_JJ Government_NNJ was_VBDZ elected_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT cupboard_NN1 is_VBZ totally_RR bare_JJ of_IO silver_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Leader_NP1 of_IO the_AT Opposition_NNJ has_VHZ shown_VVN that_CST even_RR as_CSA Leader_NN1 of_IO the_AT Opposition_NNJ he_PPHS1 is_VBZ incapable_JJ of_IO learning_VVG from_II history_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Even_CS21 when_CS22 he_PPHS1 relives_VVZ history_NN1 he_PPHS1 can_VM not_XX learn_VVI anything_PN1 from_II it_PPH1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 ask_VV0 him_PPHO1 what_DDQ rate_NN1 of_IO return_NN1 New_NP Zealand_NP1 Steel_NP1 would_VM be_VBI earning_VVG if_CSW the_AT Government_NNJ had_VHD not_XX bailed_VVN it_PPH1 out_RP by_II exchanging_VVG its_APPGE loan_NN1 commitments_NN2 for_IF equity_NN1 capital_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL What_DDQ rate_NN1 of_IO return_NN1 would_VM it_PPH1 have_VHI achieved_VVN under_II the_AT former_DA Government_NNJ ?_? ^ ^_NULL What_DDQ rate_NN1 of_IO return_NN1 would_VM the_AT oil_NN1 companies_NN2 be_VBI getting_VVG now_RT for_IF Marsden_NP Point_NNL1 if_CS his_APPGE former_DA Government_NNJ had_VHD not_XX given_VVN them_PPHO2 a_AT1 secret_JJ guarantee_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 rate_NN1 of_IO return_NN1 that_CST the_AT Government_NNJ now_RT has_VHZ to_TO honour_VVI ?_? ^ ^_NULL The_AT oil_NN1 companies_NN2 do_VD0 not_XX have_VHI to_TO pay_VVI for_IF it_PPH1 ;_; it_PPH1 is_VBZ the_AT motorists_NN2 of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 who_PNQS have_VH0 to_TO pay_VVI for_IF it_PPH1 every_AT1 time_NNT1 they_PPHS2 buy_VV0 a_AT1 litre_NNU1 of_IO petrol_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 ask_VV0 the_AT Leader_NP1 of_IO the_AT Opposition_NNJ what_DDQ rate_NN1 of_IO return_NN1 the_AT Aramoana_NP1 smelter_NN1 in_II Dunedin_NP1 would_VM have_VHI now_CS if_CS the_AT Act_NN1 had_VHD been_VBN used_VVN to_TO ram_VVI that_CST project_VV0 through_RP as_CSA it_PPH1 was_VBDZ intended_VVN to_TO be_VBI used_VVN ?_? ^ ^_NULL What_DDQ rate_NN1 of_IO return_NN1 would_VM a_AT1 brand-new_JJ aluminium_NN1 smelter_NN1 in_II Dunedin_NP1 be_VBI earning_VVG for_IF the_AT people_NN of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 now_RT ?_? ^ ^_NULL Those_DD2 are_VBR some_DD aspects_NN2 of_IO the_AT rates_NN2 of_IO return_NN1 to_II which_DDQ the_AT Leader_NP1 of_IO the_AT Opposition_NNJ did_VDD not_XX address_VVI himself_PPX1 ._. ^ ^_NULL His_APPGE speech_NN1 would_VM have_VHI been_VBN much_DA1 more_DAR balanced_VVD had_VHD he_PPHS1 done_VDN so_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Act_NN1 came_VVD into_II being_VBG amidst_II real_JJ fear_NN1 by_II many_DA2 people_NN in_II the_AT country_NN1 at_II the_AT erosion_NN1 of_IO ,_, and_CC also_RR at_II the_AT virtual_JJ abandonment_NN1 of_IO ,_, the_AT rule_NN1 of_IO law_NN1 and_CC the_AT power_NN1 of_IO the_AT courts_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL \_NULL Mr_NNB McKinnon_NP1 :_: ^_NULL *0_NULL Who_NP1 wrote_VVD this_DD1 ?_? ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL \_NULL Mr_NNB *6_NULL ANDERTON_NP1 :_: ^_NULL *0_NULL I_PPIS1 wrote_VVD it_PPH1 ,_, and_CC it_PPH1 is_VBZ better_JJR than_CSN some_DD of_IO the_AT rubbish_NN1 that_CST comes_VVZ from_II the_AT Opposition_NNJ that_DD1 is_VBZ not_XX written_VVN ,_, and_CC could_VM never_RR be_VBI written_VVN ,_, because_CS I_PPIS1 suggest_VV0 that_CST anybody_PN1 who_PNQS tried_VVD to_TO write_VVI it_PPH1 would_VM have_VHI to_TO be_VBI slightly_RR demented_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT people_NN of_IO the_AT country_NN1 had_VHD real_JJ fears_NN2 about_II the_AT erosion_NN1 of_IO democratic_JJ rights_NN2 ,_, because_CS the_AT former_DA Government_NNJ had_VHD the_AT temerity_NN1 to_TO act_VVI against_II the_AT people_NN of_IO the_AT country_NN1 in_II a_AT1 way_NN1 that_CST said_VVD that_CST even_CS21 if_CS22 people_NN went_VVD to_II the_AT courts_NN2 under_II such_DA legislation_NN1 and_CC won_VVD ,_, the_AT Government_NNJ would_VM make_VVI sure_JJ that_CST those_DD2 people_NN would_VM lose_VVI ,_, by_II changing_VVG the_AT law_NN1 and_CC making_VVG certain_JJ that_CST even_CS21 when_CS22 people_NN won_VVD they_PPHS2 lost_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL That_DD1 is_VBZ what_DDQ the_AT former_DA Government_NNJ did_VDD ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT purpose_NN1 of_IO the_AT National_JJ Development_NN1 Act_NN1 was_VBDZ to_TO provide_VVI for_IF works_NN of_IO national_JJ importance_NN1 to_TO proceed_VVI as_RG properly_RR as_CSA possible_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL No_PN121 one_PN122 disputes_VVZ that_CST particular_JJ goal_NN1 ,_, but_CCB the_AT end_NN1 does_VDZ not_XX justify_VVI the_AT means_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 have_VH0 spoken_VVN about_II that_DD1 to_II some_DD of_IO my_APPGE colleagues_NN2 on_II various_JJ occasions_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT argument_NN1 is_VBZ really_RR about_II the_AT means_NN by_II which_DDQ that_DD1 goal_NN1 of_IO national_JJ development_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO be_VBI achieved_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Act_NN1 gave_VVD extraordinary_JJ powers_NN2 to_II the_AT Minister_NN1 of_IO Works_NN and_CC Development_NN1 to_TO make_VVI a_AT1 decision_NN1 under_II the_AT Act_NN1 before_II the_AT publication_NN1 of_IO any_DD report_NN1 from_II the_AT Planning_NN1 Tribunal_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Act_NN1 was_VBDZ used_VVN on_II only_RR two_MC occasions_NN2 ,_, for_IF two_MC projects_NN2 ,_, and_CC it_PPH1 was_VBDZ claimed_VVN at_II the_AT time_NNT1 of_IO its_APPGE passage_NN1 that_CST it_PPH1 would_VM apply_VVI to_II only_RR about_RG six_MC projects_NN2 in_II the_AT foreseeable_JJ future_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL If_CS that_DD1 was_VBDZ the_AT case_NN1 ,_, and_CC so_CS it_PPH1 proved_VVD ,_, surely_RR it_PPH1 would_VM have_VHI been_VBN better_JJR for_IF the_AT former_DA Government_NNJ to_TO introduce_VVI special_JJ empowering_JJ Bills_NN2 to_II Parliament_NNJ so_CS21 that_CS22 the_AT information_NN1 relating_VVG to_RP and_CC the_AT circumstances_NN2 surrounding_VVG those_DD2 projects_NN2 could_VM be_VBI debated_VVN in_II Parliament_NNJ and_CC in_II the_AT select_JJ committees_NNJ2 of_IO the_AT House_NN1 rather_II21 than_II22 in_II the_AT secrecy_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 Minister_NN1 's_VBZ office_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL My_APPGE support_NN1 for_IF the_AT repeal_NN1 of_IO the_AT National_JJ Development_NN1 Act_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX only_RR on_II the_AT sound_NN1 economic_JJ grounds_NN2 that_CST have_VH0 been_VBN advanced_VVN by_II many_DA2 of_IO my_APPGE colleagues_NN2 in_II the_AT debate_NN1 ,_, but_CCB on_II the_AT equally_RR sound_JJ ground_NN1 that_CST the_AT Act_NN1 did_VDD not_XX deliver_VVI any_DD benefit_NN1 to_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 or_CC New_JJ Zealanders_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 did_VDD not_XX deliver_VVI ,_, at_II a_AT1 cost_NN1 both_RR actual_JJ and_CC potential_NN1 ,_, all_DB fundamental_JJ ,_, democratic_JJ ,_, and_CC constitutional_JJ rights_NN2 taken_VVN away_RP for_IF no_AT return_NN1 but_CCB in_II my_APPGE view_NN1 ,_, in_II a_AT1 democratic_JJ sense_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 thumping_JJ loss_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT whole_JJ tragic_JJ sequence_NN1 of_IO events_NN2 of_IO the_AT National_JJ Development_NN1 Act_NN1 was_VBDZ summed_VVN up_RP in_II an_AT1 article_NN1 in_II the_AT *1_NULL National_JJ Business_NN1 Review_NN1 *0_NULL last_MD year_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT article_NN1 stated_VVD that_CST the_AT fast_JJ track_NN1 was_VBDZ dead_JJ ,_, and_CC that_CST the_AT National_JJ Development_NN1 Act_NN1 was_VBDZ widely_RR despised_VVN in_II theory_NN1 and_CC hardly_RR effective_JJ in_II practice_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Act_NN1 did_VDD not_XX give_VVI unbridled_JJ power_NN1 to_II the_AT Minister_NN1 of_IO National_JJ Development_NN1 ,_, but_CCB it_PPH1 came_VVD close_RR to_II doing_VDG that_DD1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ not_XX quite_RG useless_JJ ,_, but_CCB almost_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 will_VM be_VBI a_AT1 very_RG unlamented_JJ Act_NN1 when_CS it_PPH1 goes_VVZ out_II21 of_II22 business_NN1 as_RG soon_RR as_CSA possible_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ passed_VVN by_II Parliament_NNJ in_II circumstances_NN2 of_IO great_JJ haste_NN1 ,_, and_CC it_PPH1 is_VBZ worth_II remembering_VVG the_AT sequence_NN1 of_IO events_NN2 in_II which_DDQ the_AT Bill_NP1 was_VBDZ passed_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ introduced_VVN on_II 5_MC October_NPM1 *-_- a_AT1 Friday_NPD1 *-_- at_II 9_MC {_NULL a.m_RA ._. ^ }_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Bill_NP1 was_VBDZ reported_VVN back_RP on_II Tuesday_NPD1 ,_, 4_MC December_NPM1 1979_MC ,_, when_CS urgency_NN1 was_VBDZ taken_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL For_IF those_DD2 members_NN2 who_PNQS have_VH0 short_JJ memories_NN2 about_II the_AT way_NN1 in_II which_DDQ the_AT House_NN1 used_VMK to_TO operate_VVI ,_, the_AT progress_NN1 of_IO the_AT Bill_NP1 makes_VVZ interesting_JJ reading_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL After_II urgency_NN1 was_VBDZ taken_VVN at_II 5.30_MC {_NULL p.m_RA ._. ^ }_NULL on_II Wednesday_NPD1 ,_, 5_MC December_NPM1 ,_, the_AT House_NN1 adjourned_VVD at_II 12.10_MC {_NULL a.m_RA ._. ^ }_NULL on_II Thursday_NPD1 ,_, 6_MC December_NPM1 ._. ^ ^_NULL On_II Friday_NPD1 ,_, 7_MC December_NPM1 ,_, the_AT House_NN1 finished_VVN by_II 9.7_MC {_NULL p.m_RA ._. ^ }_NULL ,_, and_CC at_II 9.7_MC {_NULL p.m_RA ._. ^ }_NULL the_AT Committee_NNJ stage_NN1 commenced_VVD and_CC it_PPH1 went_VVD on_RP to_II 12.13_MC {_NULL a.m_RA ._. ^ }_NULL on_II Saturday_NPD1 ._. ^ ^_NULL On_II Tuesday_NPD1 ,_, 11_MC December_NPM1 ,_, debate_NN1 resumed_VVD at_II 3.27_MC {_NULL p.m_RA ._. ^ }_NULL ,_, and_CC urgency_NN1 was_VBDZ taken_VVN again_RT until_II 3.51_MC {_NULL a.m_RA ._. ^ }_NULL the_AT next_MD day_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL That_DD1 is_VBZ how_RRQ legislation_NN1 of_IO that_DD1 sort_NN1 was_VBDZ enacted_VVN in_II those_DD2 days_NNT2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ enacted_VVN without_IW the_AT people_NN of_IO the_AT country_NN1 having_VHG the_AT benefit_NN1 of_IO hearing_VVG the_AT debate_NN1 ,_, because_CS the_AT proceedings_NN2 were_VBDR not_XX broadcast_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Government_NNJ has_VHZ ensured_VVN that_CST the_AT people_NN of_IO the_AT country_NN1 can_VM hear_VVI ,_, and_CC on_II occasions_NN2 even_RR see_VVI ,_, Parliament_NNJ in_II action_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL That_DD1 may_VM not_XX be_VBI very_RG edifying_JJ ,_, but_CCB at_RR21 least_RR22 the_AT Government_NNJ has_VHZ shown_VVN that_CST it_PPH1 is_VBZ committed_VVN to_II democratic_JJ institutions_NN2 and_CC not_XX to_II turning_VVG off_II the_AT radio_NN1 switch_VV0 when_RRQ a_AT1 Bill_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 kind_NN1 is_VBZ pressed_VVN into_II service_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT third_MD reading_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ generally_RR not_XX so_RG contentious_JJ ,_, ended_VVN at_II 1.59_MC {_NULL a.m_RA ._. ^ }_NULL on_II Thursday_NPD1 ,_, 13_MC December_NPM1 ._. ^ ^_NULL That_DD1 sequence_NN1 of_IO events_NN2 shows_VVZ the_AT shambles_NN2 that_CST occurred_VVD when_RRQ the_AT Bill_NP1 came_VVD before_II the_AT House_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ only_RR a_AT1 little_JJ over_RG a_AT1 year_NNT1 later_RRR that_DD1 Act_NN1 had_VHD to_TO be_VBI amended_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT reason_NN1 behind_II the_AT amendment_NN1 was_VBDZ the_AT Aromoana_NP1 smelter_NN1 development_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL South_NP Pacific_NP1 Aluminium_NN1 \_NULL Ltd_JJ appeared_VVN before_II the_AT select_JJ committee_NNJ to_TO give_VVI evidence_NN1 ,_, and_CC some_DD of_IO the_AT amendments_NN2 make_VV0 interesting_JJ reading_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 increased_VVD the_AT Minister_NN1 's_VBZ power_NN1 by_II giving_VVG him_PPHO1 the_AT power_NN1 to_TO add_VVI consensus_NN1 to_II the_AT fast-track_JJ submissions_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Submissions_NN2 to_II the_AT committee_NNJ stated_VVD that_CST it_PPH1 was_VBDZ wildly_RR impracticable_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT amendments_NN2 reduced_VVD the_AT power_NN1 of_IO the_AT Commissioner_NN1 for_IF the_AT Environment_NN1 to_TO audit_VVI environmental_JJ impact_NN1 reports_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 gave_VVD the_AT Planning_NN1 Tribunal_NN1 power_NN1 to_TO award_VVI costs_NN2 that_CST could_VM amount_VVI to_II several_DA2 hundred_NNO thousand_NNO dollars_NNU2 ,_, and_CC that_DD1 provision_NN1 conceivably_RR applied_VVN to_TO bankrupt_VVI organisations_NN2 that_CST were_VBDR interested_JJ in_II the_AT preservation_NN1 of_IO the_AT environment_NN1 when_CS bringing_VVG evidence_NN1 before_II the_AT tribunal_NN1 on_II any_DD project_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT power_NN1 of_IO the_AT Planning_NN1 Tribunal_NN1 to_TO make_VVI recommendations_NN2 about_II the_AT project_NN1 was_VBDZ reduced_VVN and_CC the_AT reduction_NN1 applied_VVD retrospectively_RR to_II actions_NN2 already_RR commenced_VVD in_II the_AT courts_NN2 ,_, and_CC put_VVD those_DD2 cases_NN2 on_II a_AT1 special_JJ judicial_JJ fast_JJ track_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT final_JJ amendment_NN1 was_VBDZ unique_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 stated_VVD that_CST if_CS ,_, after_II all_DB that_DD1 ,_, anything_PN1 went_VVD wrong_RR ,_, it_PPH1 did_VDD not_XX count_VVI in_II any_DD case_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT National_JJ Development_NN1 Act_NN1 created_VVD one_MC1 set_NN1 of_IO rules_NN2 for_IF the_AT Government_NNJ and_CC its_APPGE friends_NN2 ,_, and_CC another_DD1 for_IF objectors_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT amendments_NN2 to_II the_AT National_JJ Development_NN1 Act_NN1 were_VBDR made_VVN by_II a_AT1 Government_NNJ that_CST believed_VVD that_CST in_II the_AT minds_NN2 of_IO many_DA2 people_NN it_PPH1 knew_VVD everything_PN1 ,_, and_CC it_PPH1 was_VBDZ determined_VVN to_TO take_VVI power_NN1 unto_II itself_PPX1 at_II any_DD cost_NN1 ,_, even_RR against_II people_NN 's_VBZ fundamental_JJ democratic_JJ rights_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 clearly_RR wanted_VVD to_TO downgrade_VVI the_AT role_NN1 of_IO Parliament_NNJ in_II31 terms_II32 of_II33 select_JJ committee_NNJ presentations_NN2 ,_, and_CC it_PPH1 certainly_RR wanted_VVD to_TO downgrade_VVI the_AT right_NN of_IO judicial_JJ tribunals_NN2 and_CC the_AT courts_NN2 *-_- and_CC it_PPH1 did_VDD so_RR ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ no_AT way_NN1 that_CST the_AT Government_NNJ is_VBZ interested_JJ in_II amending_VVG the_AT Act_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ always_RR its_APPGE intention_NN1 to_TO repeal_VVI it_PPH1 ,_, and_CC that_DD1 process_NN1 is_VBZ what_DDQ is_VBZ happening_VVG tonight_RT ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ interesting_JJ to_TO ask_VVI ourselves_PPX2 what_DDQ people_NN thought_VVN about_II the_AT original_JJ National_JJ Development_NN1 Bill_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Evidence_NN1 that_CST the_AT Bill_NP1 would_VM not_XX be_VBI tolerated_VVN by_II people_NN was_VBDZ quickly_RR apparent_JJ ,_, because_CS ,_, with_IW only_RR 3_MC weeks_NNT2 in_II which_DDQ to_TO prepare_VVI submissions_NN2 to_TO select_VVI committees_NNJ2 ,_, 367_MC individuals_NN2 and_CC groups_NN2 made_VVD submissions_NN2 ,_, and_CC only_RR 5_MC or_CC 6_MC of_IO that_DD1 number_NN1 supported_VVD the_AT Bill_NP1 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 281+TEXT+H17_FO **]_NULL ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL I_PPIS1 tell_VV0 proponents_NN2 of_IO private_JJ enterprise_NN1 to_TO beware_VVI ,_, because_CS that_DD1 philosophy_NN1 is_VBZ under_II attack_NN1 in_II the_AT Bill_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Clause_NN1 2_MC repeals_VVZ the_AT definition_NN1 of_IO the_AT term_NN1 *"_" essential_JJ work_NN1 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL What_DDQ is_VBZ wrong_JJ with_IW that_DD1 term_NN1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 offered_VVD protection_NN1 ,_, but_CCB it_PPH1 has_VHZ been_VBN removed_VVN ,_, and_CC I_PPIS1 am_VBM concerned_JJ about_II that_DD1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT clause_NN1 also_RR substitutes_VVZ the_AT following_JJ definition_NN1 for_IF the_AT term_NN1 *"_" Government_NNJ work_VV0 **"_" :_: ^_NULL *"_" *'_" Government_NNJ work_NN1 **'_" means_VVZ a_AT1 work_NN1 or_CC an_AT1 intended_JJ work_NN1 that_CST is_VBZ to_TO be_VBI constructed_VVN ,_, undertaken_VVN ,_, established_VVD ,_, managed_VVD ,_, operated_VVD ,_, or_CC maintained_VVD by_RP or_CC under_II the_AT control_NN1 of_IO the_AT Crown_NN1 or_CC any_DD Minister_NN1 of_IO the_AT Crown_NN1 for_IF any_DD public_JJ purpose_NN1 or_CC any_DD such_DA work_NN1 or_CC intended_JJ work_NN1 for_RT41 the_RT42 time_RT43 being_RT44 under_II the_AT control_NN1 of_IO the_AT Crown_NN1 or_CC any_DD Minister_NN1 of_IO the_AT Crown_NN1 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL That_DD1 gives_VVZ Government_NNJ departments_NNJ2 a_AT1 completely_RR free_JJ hand_NN1 and_CC unlimited_JJ power_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ State_NN1 control_VV0 *-_- nothing_PN1 less_DAR ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Clause_NN1 2_MC also_RR provides_VVZ for_IF a_AT1 new_JJ definition_NN1 of_IO the_AT term_NN1 *"_" public_JJ work_NN1 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 suggest_VV0 that_CST the_AT new_JJ definition_NN1 means_VVZ that_CST the_AT Ministry_NNJ of_IO Works_NN and_CC Development_NN1 can_VM take_VVI over_RP any_DD property_NN1 it_PPH1 so_CS desires_NN2 ,_, that_CST it_PPH1 may_VM force_VVI people_NN out_II21 of_II22 their_APPGE homes_NN2 ,_, their_APPGE properties_NN2 ,_, or_CC their_APPGE businesses_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 suggest_VV0 that_CST it_PPH1 gives_VVZ them_PPHO2 virtually_RR a_AT1 totally_RR free_JJ hand_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Many_DA2 people_NN should_VM be_VBI concerned_JJ about_II that_DD1 development_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 refer_VV0 to_II the_AT new_JJ definition_NN1 of_IO *"_" public_JJ work_NN1 **"_" in_II the_AT proposed_JJ new_JJ section_NN1 2(5)_FO (_( b_ZZ1 )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL As_CSA there_EX are_VBR no_AT restrictions_NN2 ,_, does_VDZ that_DD1 mean_VVI that_CST the_AT Ministry_NNJ of_IO Works_NN and_CC Development_NN1 could_VM now_RT set_VVI up_RP a_AT1 construction_NN1 team_NN and_CC build_VVI schools_NN2 under_II the_AT Education_NN1 Act_NN1 ,_, and_CC take_VV0 over_II the_AT maintenance_NN1 of_IO those_DD2 schools_NN2 from_II an_AT1 education_NN1 board_NN1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL Does_VDZ it_PPH1 mean_VVI that_CST those_DD2 people_NN are_VBR now_RT under_II threat_NN1 ?_? ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL \_NULL Hon._JJ Jonathan_NP1 Hunt_NP1 :_: ^_NULL *0_NULL No_UH ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL \_NULL Mr_NNB *6_NULL ANGUS_NN1 :_: ^_NULL *0_NULL That_DD1 is_VBZ what_DDQ it_PPH1 says_VVZ it_PPH1 means_VVZ ._. ^ ^_NULL Does_VDZ it_PPH1 mean_VVI that_CST the_AT Ministry_NNJ of_IO Works_NN and_CC Development_NN1 could_VM take_VVI over_II painting_NN1 ,_, maintenance_NN1 ,_, plumbing_NN1 ,_, and_CC electrical_JJ work_NN1 in_II schools_NN2 ?_? ^ ^_NULL The_AT Minister_NN1 of_IO Broadcasting_NN1 should_VM know_VVI that_CST that_DD1 puts_VVZ people_NN in_II private_JJ enterprise_NN1 under_II threat_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 means_VVZ that_CST the_AT ministry_NN1 will_VM increase_VVI its_APPGE operations_NN2 outside_II its_APPGE present_JJ perimeter_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Does_VDZ it_PPH1 mean_VVI that_CST it_PPH1 will_VM take_VVI over_II school_NN1 bus_NN1 runs_VVZ because_CS they_PPHS2 are_VBR now_RT being_VBG tendered_VVN ?_? ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT proposed_JJ new_JJ section_NN1 6(3)_FO (_( a_ZZ1 )_) states_VVZ that_CST the_AT ministry_NN1 shall_VM be_VBI entitied_VVN *"_" To_TO perform_VVI any_DD activity_NN1 or_CC undertaking_NN1 ,_, whether_CSW a_AT1 public_JJ work_NN1 or_CC not_XX ,_, and_CC whether_CSW in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 or_CC elsewhere_RL **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL Subsection_NP1 (_( b_ZZ1 )_) of_IO that_DD1 proposed_VVD new_JJ section_NN1 states_VVZ that_CST it_PPH1 also_RR shall_VM be_VBI entitled_VVN *"_" To_TO provide_VVI any_DD service_NN1 for_IF ,_, or_CC supply_VV0 any_DD professional_JJ ,_, trade_NN1 ,_, labour_NN1 or_CC administrative_JJ services_NN2 or_CC any_DD real_JJ or_CC personal_JJ property_NN1 in_II31 respect_II32 of_II33 any_DD activity_NN1 or_CC undertaking_NN1 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL That_DD1 is_VBZ virtually_RR another_DD1 open_JJ hand_NN1 approach_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX must_VM be_VBI concern_NN1 at_II those_DD2 unlimited_JJ wide_JJ powers_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Do_VD0 they_PPHS2 mean_VVI that_CST the_AT ministry_NN1 can_VM take_VVI over_II the_AT role_NN1 of_IO transport_NN1 operators_NN2 which_DDQ ,_, under_II the_AT Government_NNJ ,_, are_VBR feeling_VVG the_AT pinch_NN1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL Do_VD0 they_PPHS2 mean_VVI that_CST the_AT ministry_NN1 could_VM take_VVI over_II the_AT role_NN1 of_IO road_NN1 construction_NN1 contractors_NN2 ,_, who_PNQS are_VBR also_RR feeling_VVG the_AT pinch_NN1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL Do_VD0 they_PPHS2 mean_VVI that_CST the_AT ministry_NN1 could_VM take_VVI over_RP garages_NN2 ,_, or_CC ,_, with_IW the_AT delicensing_NN1 of_IO the_AT motor_NN1 fuel_NN1 industry_NN1 ,_, set_VVD up_RP its_APPGE own_DA private_JJ service_NN1 stations_NN2 ?_? ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Bill_NP1 gives_VVZ wide_JJ powers_NN2 ,_, and_CC we_PPIS2 should_VM all_RR be_VBI concerned_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT ministry_NN1 should_VM be_VBI restricted_VVN to_II sectors_NN2 in_II which_DDQ private_JJ enterprise_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX involved_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT ministry_NN1 is_VBZ doing_VDG well_RR in_II such_DA sectors_NN2 ,_, so_CS why_RRQ should_VM it_PPH1 not_XX stay_VVI in_II them_PPHO2 ?_? ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 refer_VV0 to_II the_AT proposed_JJ new_JJ section_NN1 7(2)_FO (_( b_ZZ1 )_) in_II clause_NN1 3_MC ,_, which_DDQ states_VVZ :_: *"_" ^_NULL To_TO acquire_VVI any_DD land_NN1 ,_, buildings_NN2 ,_, or_CC structures_NN2 required_VVD to_TO carry_VVI out_RP any_DD of_IO the_AT functions_NN2 specified_VVN in_II section_NN1 6_MC of_IO this_DD1 Act_NN1 and_CC to_TO administer_VVI ,_, develop_VV0 ,_, improve_VV0 ,_, transfer_NN1 ,_, or_CC dispose_VV0 of_IO such_DA property_NN1 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II *1_NULL Hansard_NP1 ,_, *0_NULL Volume_NN1 440_MC ,_, at_II page_NN1 3168_MC the_AT \_NULL Hon._JJ Michael_NP1 Connelly_NP1 said_VVD :_: ^_NULL *"_" A_AT1 major_JJ objective_NN1 of_IO the_AT Bill_NP1 was_VBDZ to_TO restrict_VVI compulsory_JJ aquisition_NN1 of_IO private_JJ property_NN1 for_IF essential_JJ works_NN ._. **"_" ^ ^_NULL What_DDQ went_VVD wrong_RR ?_? ^ ^_NULL That_DD1 was_VBDZ the_AT Labour_JJ Party_NNJ 's_GE policy_NN1 5_MC years_NNT2 ago_RA ,_, under_II a_AT1 very_RG good_JJ Minister_NN1 ,_, the_AT \_NULL Hon._JJ Michael_NP1 Connelly_NP1 ,_, but_CCB it_PPH1 has_VHZ changed_VVN its_APPGE spots_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL \_NULL Hon._JJ Jonathan_NP1 Hunt_NP1 :_: ^_NULL *0_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ n't_XX the_AT Minister_NN1 then_RT !_! ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL \_NULL Mr_NNB *6_NULL ANGUS_NN1 :_: ^_NULL *0_NULL He_PPHS1 had_VHD been_VBN the_AT Minister_NN1 of_IO Works_NN and_CC Development_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL That_CST used_VMK to_TO be_VBI the_AT Labour_JJ Party_NNJ 's_GE policy_NN1 ,_, but_CCB ,_, of_RR21 course_RR22 ,_, everything_PN1 has_VHZ been_VBN opened_VVN up_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 shall_VM now_RT consider_VVI the_AT proposed_JJ new_JJ section_NN1 6(2)_FO (_( f_ZZ1 )_) in_II clause_NN1 3_MC ,_, which_DDQ states_VVZ :_: *"_" ^_NULL To_TO carry_VVI out_RP any_DD activity_NN1 or_CC undertaking_NN1 jointly_RR with_IW any_DD other_JJ person_NN1 ,_, body_NN1 corporate_JJ ,_, firm_JJ ,_, partnership_NN1 ,_, or_CC joint_JJ venture_NN1 **"_" *-_- and_CC the_AT Bill_NP1 goes_VVZ on_RP about_II shares_NN2 ,_, stocks_NN2 ,_, and_CC interest_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Does_VDZ it_PPH1 mean_VVI that_CST the_AT Ministry_NNJ of_IO Works_NN and_CC Development_NN1 can_VM go_VVI out_RP and_CC speculate_NN1 ,_, with_IW taxpayers_NN2 '_GE funds_NN2 ,_, by_II buying_VVG shares_NN2 in_II Brierley_NP1 Investments_NN2 \_NULL Ltd_JJ or_CC some_DD other_JJ companies_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 the_AT Bank_NN1 of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 or_CC Robert_NP1 Jones_NP1 Holdings_NP1 \_NULL Ltd_JJ ?_? ^ ^_NULL That_DD1 clause_NN1 should_VM concern_VVI all_DB New_JJ Zealanders_NP1 ,_, particularly_RR the_AT Minister_NN1 of_IO Broadcasting_NN1 and_CC Postmaster-General_NN1 if_CS any_DD of_IO his_APPGE sectors_NN2 of_IO interest_NN1 are_VBR *"_" privatised_VVN **"_" ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 also_RR mention_VV0 amended_JJ section_NN1 42(1)_FO (_( d_ZZ1 )_) in_II clause_NN1 8_MC ,_, *"_" Disposal_NP1 in_II other_JJ cases_NN2 of_IO land_NN1 not_XX required_VVN for_IF public_JJ works_NN **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL Why_RRQ is_VBZ that_DD1 change_NN1 being_VBG made_VVN ?_? ^ ^_NULL Who_PNQS will_VM make_VVI the_AT decision_NN1 about_II getting_VVG rid_VVN of_IO land_NN1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL Will_NP1 it_PPH1 be_VBI the_AT Minister_NN1 or_CC the_AT local_JJ commissioner_NN1 who_PNQS will_VM have_VHI the_AT final_JJ say_NN1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL What_DDQ is_VBZ wrong_JJ with_IW the_AT present_JJ tender_JJ system_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ allows_VVZ everybody_PN1 to_TO have_VHI a_AT1 go_NN1 ,_, before_CS perhaps_RR the_AT highest_JJT tender_NN1 is_VBZ accepted_VVN ?_? ^ ^_NULL Everybody_PN1 gets_VVZ a_AT1 chance_NN1 under_II that_DD1 system_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Now_RT the_AT Ministry_NNJ of_IO Works_NN and_CC Development_NN1 will_VM be_VBI able_JK to_TO sell_VVI land_NN1 to_II its_APPGE mates_NN2 ,_, or_CC to_II people_NN with_IW whom_PNQO it_PPH1 is_VBZ friendly_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL That_DD1 takes_VVZ away_RP the_AT protection_NN1 of_IO the_AT shareholders_NN2 in_II the_AT Ministry_NNJ of_IO Works_NN and_CC Development_NN1 ,_, who_PNQS are_VBR all_DB New_JJ Zealanders_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II *1_NULL Hansard_NP1 ,_, *0_NULL Volume_NN1 440_MC ,_, at_II page_NN1 3167_MC ,_, the_AT \_NULL Hon._JJ Michael_NP1 Connelly_NP1 said_VVD :_: ^_NULL *"_" I_PPIS1 assert_VV0 at_II the_AT outset_NN1 that_CST Labour_JJ Governments_NNJ2 are_VBR opposed_VVN to_II expropriation_NN1 ,_, have_VH0 never_RR practised_VVN it_PPH1 ,_, and_CC never_RR will_VM practise_VVI it_PPH1 ._. **"_" ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 suggest_VV0 that_CST that_DD1 is_VBZ exactly_RR what_DDQ the_AT Bill_NP1 does_VDZ ,_, because_CS that_DD1 word_NN1 means_VVZ to_TO take_VVI away_RP property_NN1 from_II its_APPGE owners_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL After_CS only_RR 5_MC years_NNT2 the_AT Government_NNJ has_VHZ changed_VVN its_APPGE mind_NN1 and_CC is_VBZ legislating_VVG for_IF that_DD1 change_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 has_VHZ had_VHN a_AT1 change_NN1 of_IO heart_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Labour_JJ Party_NNJ in_II Government_NNJ is_VBZ committed_VVN to_II increasing_VVG the_AT role_NN1 of_IO the_AT State_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT same_DA speech_NN1 ,_, the_AT \_NULL Hon._JJ Michael_NP1 Connelly_NP1 said_VVD :_: ^_NULL *"_" The_AT Opposition_NNJ **"_" *-_- at_II that_DD1 time_NNT1 the_AT Labour_JJ Party_NNJ Opposition_NNJ *-_- *"_" took_VVD an_AT1 important_JJ initiative_NN1 to_TO put_VVI a_AT1 sanction_NN1 on_II local_JJ government_NN ,_, and_CC to_TO build_VVI in_II safeguards_NN2 against_II abuse_NN1 of_IO the_AT Public_JJ Works_NN Act_NN1 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 agree_VV0 with_IW the_AT \_NULL Hon._JJ Michael_NP1 Connelly_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL \_NULL Mr_NNB *6_NULL WOOLLASTON_NP1 *0_NULL (_( Nelson_NP1 )_) :_: ^_NULL The_AT member_NN1 for_IF Wallace_NP1 continued_VVD a_AT1 line_NN1 of_IO silly_JJ argument_NN1 against_II the_AT Bill_NP1 on_II31 behalf_II32 of_II33 the_AT Opposition_NNJ ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ irresponsible_JJ of_IO a_AT1 member_NN1 of_IO the_AT House_NN1 to_TO quote_VVI a_AT1 previous_JJ debate_NN1 out_II21 of_II22 context_NN1 ,_, without_IW even_RR mentioning_VVG its_APPGE overall_JJ thrust_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT member_NN1 quoted_VVD the_AT \_NULL Hon._JJ Michael_NP1 Connelly_NP1 *-_- in_II a_AT1 1981_MC debate_NN1 in_II the_AT House_NN1 from_II *1_NULL Hansard_NP1 ,_, *0_NULL Volume_NN1 440_MC ,_, at_II page_NN1 3168_MC *-_- who_PNQS was_VBDZ opposing_VVG the_AT very_JJ measure_NN1 that_CST is_VBZ now_RT being_VBG repealed_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT \_NULL Hon._JJ Michael_NP1 Connelly_NP1 did_VDD say_VVI that_CST the_AT Labour_JJ Party_NNJ did_VDD not_XX engage_VVI in_II expropriation_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL That_DD1 statement_NN1 is_VBZ quite_RG true_JJ ,_, and_CC it_PPH1 was_VBDZ said_VVN in_II the_AT context_NN1 of_IO opposing_VVG a_AT1 Bill_NN1 that_CST sought_VVD to_TO restrict_VVI the_AT right_NN of_IO a_AT1 community_NNJ to_TO express_VVI the_AT need_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 public_JJ work_NN1 ,_, in_II opposition_NN1 to_II a_AT1 private_JJ landowner_NN1 who_PNQS might_VM hold_VVI the_AT community_NNJ to_TO ransom_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL That_DD1 is_VBZ not_XX expropriation_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Bill_NP1 contains_VVZ adequate_JJ compensation_NN1 for_IF negotiations_NN2 for_IF recompense_NN1 for_IF property_NN1 rights_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Nothing_PN1 in_II the_AT Bill_NP1 removes_VVZ the_AT ownership_NN1 of_IO property_NN1 rights_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ a_AT1 matter_NN1 of_IO whether_CSW the_AT landowner_NN1 can_VM hold_VVI a_AT1 community_NNJ to_TO ransom_VVI because_CS the_AT community_NNJ 's_GE needs_NN2 can_VM not_XX be_VBI met_VVN without_IW meeting_VVG the_AT extraordinary_JJ demands_NN2 of_IO the_AT landowner_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II a_DD221 few_DD222 minutes_NNT2 I_PPIS1 shall_VM quote_VVI some_DD examples_NN2 of_IO that_DD1 position_NN1 to_II the_AT member_NN1 for_IF Wallace_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT debate_NN1 on_II the_AT Bill_NP1 exemplifies_VVZ the_AT Opposition_NNJ ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 hates_VVZ knowing_VVG that_CST the_AT ordinary_JJ taxpayers_NN2 ,_, the_AT man_NN1 or_CC woman_NN1 in_II the_AT street_NN1 ,_, can_VM have_VHI a_AT1 stake_NN1 in_II a_AT1 successful_JJ enterprise_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ fine_JJ for_IF big_JJ business_NN1 ,_, but_CCB the_AT Opposition_NNJ can_VM not_XX stand_VVI the_AT idea_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 community-owned_JJ enterprise_NN1 such_II21 as_II22 the_AT Ministry_NNJ of_IO Works_NN and_CC Development_NN1 operating_VVG successfully_RR in_II the_AT interests_NN2 of_IO the_AT man_NN1 or_CC woman_NN1 in_II the_AT street_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT member_NN1 for_IF Wallace_NP1 said_VVD that_CST the_AT Ministry_NNJ of_IO Works_NN and_CC Development_NN1 *-_- and_CC presumably_RR other_JJ public_JJ enterprises_NN2 *-_- should_VM be_VBI restricted_VVN to_II sectors_NN2 in_II which_DDQ private_JJ enterprise_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX involved_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II other_JJ words_NN2 ,_, he_PPHS1 wanted_VVD private_JJ entrepreneurs_NN2 ,_, big_JJ shareholders_NN2 ,_, to_TO have_VHI the_AT first_MD cut_NN1 at_II the_AT cake_NN1 ,_, and_CC ordinary_JJ people_NN to_TO take_VVI the_AT crumbs_NN2 that_CST are_VBR left_VVN over_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL If_CS big_JJ business_NN1 wanted_VVD to_TO expand_VVI its_APPGE operation_NN1 the_AT Opposition_NNJ would_VM have_VHI the_AT taxpayers_NN2 '_GE enterprise_NN1 restricted_VVD to_II a_AT1 smaller_JJR diet_NN1 of_IO fewer_DAR crumbs_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Bill_NP1 does_VDZ three_MC major_JJ things_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 modernises_VVZ the_AT apparatus_NN1 of_IO government_NN in_II several_DA2 ways_NN2 the_AT Opposition_NNJ has_VHZ not_XX mentioned_VVN *-_- for_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, by_II restricting_VVG the_AT ministry_NN1 so_CS21 that_CS22 Government_NNJ departments_NNJ2 are_VBR no_RR21 longer_RR22 its_APPGE captive_JJ clients_NN2 ;_; it_PPH1 must_VM compete_VVI with_IW private_JJ enterprise_NN1 to_TO capture_VVI Government_NNJ contracts_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL That_DD1 is_VBZ as_CSA it_PPH1 should_VM be_VBI ,_, and_CC will_VM keep_VVI it_PPH1 efficient_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 will_VM make_VVI sure_JJ that_CST its_APPGE prices_NN2 are_VBR pruned_VVN to_II the_AT bone_NN1 and_CC that_CST taxpayers_NN2 get_VV0 the_AT best_JJT deal_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT other_JJ side_NN1 of_IO the_AT coin_NN1 is_VBZ that_CST it_PPH1 can_VM tender_VVI for_IF contracts_NN2 in_II the_AT private_JJ sector_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Why_RRQ should_VM not_XX the_AT company_NN1 that_CST I_ZZ1 ,_, every_AT1 member_NN1 of_IO the_AT House_NN1 ,_, and_CC every_AT1 constituent_NN1 has_VHZ a_AT1 share_NN1 in_II be_VBI able_JK to_TO compete_VVI for_IF contracts_NN2 in_II an_AT1 open_JJ market_NN1 ,_, in_II a_AT1 neutral_JJ and_CC transparent_JJ fashion_NN1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL Why_RRQ should_VM not_XX the_AT people_NN 's_GE firm_NNJ be_VBI able_JK to_TO pay_VVI a_AT1 dividend_NN1 ,_, too_RR ?_? ^ ^_NULL The_AT Opposition_NNJ has_VHZ not_XX answered_VVN that_DD1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Bill_NP1 's_GE most_RGT important_JJ achievement_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO remove_VVI the_AT arbitrary_JJ restriction_NN1 placed_VVN on_II the_AT definition_NN1 of_IO public_JJ works_NN in_II 1981_MC when_RRQ the_AT previous_JJ Government_NNJ limited_VVD the_AT list_NN1 of_IO what_DDQ are_VBR called_VVN essential_JJ works_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 quote_VV0 the_AT \_NULL Hon._JJ Bill_NP1 Young_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS was_VBDZ at_II that_DD1 time_NNT1 the_AT Minister_NN1 of_IO Works_NN and_CC Development_NN1 :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL What_DDQ was_VBDZ the_AT result_NN1 of_IO that_DD1 procedure_NN1 ?_? ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 shall_VM give_VVI an_AT1 example_NN1 from_II my_APPGE electorate_NN1 ,_, where_CS there_EX has_VHZ been_VBN a_AT1 series_NN of_IO major_JJ floods_NN2 within_II only_RR a_AT1 few_DA2 years_NNT2 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ one_MC1 property_NN1 from_II which_DDQ the_AT Nelson_NP1 catchment_NN1 board_NN1 has_VHZ not_XX ,_, because_II21 of_II22 the_AT restriction_NN1 been_VBN able_JK to_TO acquire_VVI the_AT land_NN1 necessary_JJ to_TO complete_VVI a_AT1 major_JJ flood_NN1 control_NN1 scheme_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL As_II a_AT1 result_NN1 ,_, properties_NN2 are_VBR flooded_VVN and_CC heavy_JJ damage_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN done_VDN ._. ^ ^_NULL Drainage_NN1 and_CC flood_NN1 control_NN1 work_NN1 in_II the_AT neighbouring_JJ electorate_NN1 of_IO Tasman_NP1 has_VHZ not_XX proceeded_VVN because_II21 of_II22 the_AT arbitrary_JJ restriction_NN1 that_CST was_VBDZ put_VVN into_II the_AT Act_NN1 in_II 1981_MC ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ being_VBG removed_VVN today_RT ._. ^ ^_NULL Properties_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN flooded_VVN several_DA2 times_NNT2 a_AT1 year_NNT1 because_CS it_PPH1 is_VBZ not_XX possible_JJ for_IF the_AT catchment_NN1 authority_NN1 to_TO acquire_VVI the_AT land_NN1 to_TO build_VVI when_RRQ one_MC1 landowner_NN1 holds_VVZ out_RP and_CC says_VVZ :_: ^_NULL *"_" No_UH ,_, I_PPIS1 will_VM not_XX sell_VVI in_II the_AT public_JJ interest_NN1 ._. **"_" ^ ^_NULL That_DD1 is_VBZ the_AT effect_NN1 of_IO the_AT restriction_NN1 the_AT previous_JJ Government_NNJ put_VVD into_II the_AT Act_NN1 in_II the_AT interests_NN2 of_IO a_DD221 few_DD222 of_IO its_APPGE friends_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Bill_NP1 is_VBZ aimed_VVN at_II ensuring_VVG that_DD1 essential_JJ works_NN can_VM be_VBI completed_VVN in_II the_AT public_JJ interest_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 shall_VM briefly_RR mention_VVI some_DD of_IO the_AT accolades_NN2 gained_VVD by_II the_AT Ministry_NNJ of_IO Works_NN and_CC Development_NN1 in_II recent_JJ years_NNT2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Opposition_NNJ members_NN2 say_VV0 it_PPH1 can_VM not_XX compete_VVI ,_, but_CCB in_II 1986_MC it_PPH1 gained_VVD the_AT Heavy_JJ Engineering_NN1 Research_NN1 Association_NNJ steel_NN1 award_NN1 against_II all_DB comers_NN2 for_IF the_AT design_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 steel_NN1 bridge_NN1 near_II Gisborne_NP1 ;_; in_II 1986_MC also_RR it_PPH1 gained_VVD the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 Concrete_JJ Society_NNJ concrete_JJ award_NN1 for_IF the_AT design_NN1 of_IO the_AT Tree_NN1 Trunk_NN1 Gorge_NN1 bridge_NN1 ;_; and_CC ,_, over_II the_AT past_JJ 5_MC years_NNT2 ,_, has_VHZ received_VVN 1_MC1 national_JJ and_CC 10_MC branch_NN1 awards_NN2 for_IF architectural_JJ design_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL That_DD1 is_VBZ the_AT nature_NN1 of_IO the_AT people_NN 's_GE firm_NNJ *-_- the_AT Ministry_NNJ of_IO Works_NN and_CC Development_NN1 that_CST we_PPIS2 all_DB own_DA ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 has_VHZ been_VBN rewarded_VVN for_IF technical_JJ excellence_NN1 and_CC service_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 can_VM compete_VVI against_II all_DB comers_NN2 ;_; the_AT Bill_NP1 will_VM allow_VVI it_PPH1 to_TO do_VDI so_RR ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *6_NULL DENIS_NP1 MARSHALL_NP1 *0_NULL (_( Rangitikei_NP1 )_) :_: ^_NULL The_AT Bill_NP1 gives_VVZ the_AT Ministry_NNJ of_IO Works_NN and_CC Development_NN1 much_RR wider_JJR powers_NN2 of_IO planning_NN1 and_CC development_NN1 than_CSN are_VBR contained_VVN in_II any_DD previous_JJ legislation_NN1 introduced_VVN into_II the_AT House_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Under_II the_AT provisions_NN2 of_IO the_AT proposed_JJ new_JJ section_NN1 7(j)_FO in_II clause_NN1 3_MC the_AT Minister_NN1 will_VM have_VHI the_AT power_NN1 *"_" To_TO direct_VVI any_DD activity_NN1 or_CC undertaking_NN1 ,_, whether_CSW a_AT1 public_JJ work_NN1 or_CC not_XX ,_, in_II31 relation_II32 to_II33 the_AT orderly_JJ and_CC efficient_JJ use_NN1 or_CC development_NN1 of_IO natural_JJ resources_NN2 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL That_DD1 particular_JJ section_NN1 gives_VVZ the_AT ministry_NN1 much_RR wider_JJR powers_NN2 than_CSN were_VBDR given_VVN by_II even_RR the_AT National_JJ Development_NN1 Act_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ only_RR accelerated_VVD the_AT planning_NN1 process_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT ministry_NN1 will_VM be_VBI able_JK to_TO dominate_VVI totally_RR the_AT new_JJ Department_NNJ of_IO Conservation_NN1 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 282+TEXT+H18_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL *0_NULL (_( c_ZZ1 )_) ^_NULL If_CSW there_EX was_VBDZ to_TO be_VBI an_AT1 apportionment_NN1 of_IO the_AT expenditure_NN1 because_II21 of_II22 private_JJ or_CC domestic_JJ use_NN1 of_IO the_AT dwellings_NN2 ,_, then_RT a_AT1 substantially_RR greater_JJR allowance_NN1 should_VM be_VBI made_VVN for_IF their_APPGE business_NN1 use_NN1 in_II31 respect_II32 of_II33 outgoings_NN2 than_CSN had_VHD been_VBN allowed_VVN by_II the_AT Commissioner_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL For_IF the_AT Commissioner_NN1 it_PPH1 was_VBDZ contended_VVN that_CST :_: __NULL |_NULL (_( a_ZZ1 )_) ^_NULL The_AT objectors_NN2 had_VHD not_XX discharged_VVN the_AT onus_NN1 of_IO proof_NN1 upon_II them_PPHO2 of_IO showing_VVG that_CST the_AT apportionments_NN2 made_VVN by_II the_AT Commissioner_NN1 were_VBDR wrong_JJ ,_, or_CC by_II how_RGQ much_DA1 they_PPHS2 were_VBDR wrong_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL (_( b_ZZ1 )_) ^_NULL The_AT partnership_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX a_AT1 legal_JJ entity_NN1 and_CC the_AT law_NN1 does_VDZ not_XX recognise_VVI a_AT1 tenancy_NN1 from_II the_AT four_MC tenants_NN2 in_RR21 common_RR22 to_II two_MC lots_PN of_IO two_MC of_IO those_DD2 same_DA tenants_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 partnership_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX a_AT1 taxpayer_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ only_RR a_AT1 means_NN by_II which_DDQ partners_NN2 may_VM carry_VVI on_RP business_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL At_II all_DB times_NNT2 the_AT objectors_NN2 were_VBDR the_AT taxpayers_NN2 who_PNQS divided_VVD up_RP the_AT profits_NN2 of_IO their_APPGE business_NN1 between_II them_PPHO2 as_CSA they_PPHS2 chose_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 could_VM not_XX be_VBI both_RR landlords_NN2 and_CC tenants_NN2 of_IO themselves_PPX2 ._. ^ |_NULL (_( c_ZZ1 )_) ^_NULL In_II any_DD event_NN1 ,_, there_EX was_VBDZ no_AT proof_NN1 of_IO any_DD tenancy_NN1 apart_II21 from_II22 the_AT adjustment_NN1 in_II the_AT accounts_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 think_VV0 that_CST any_DD need_NN1 to_TO establish_VVI exclusive_JJ use_NN1 rights_NN2 of_IO the_AT dwellinghouses_NN2 ,_, and_CC to_TO try_VVI and_CC show_VVI there_RL was_VBDZ a_AT1 tenancy_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 dwellings_NN2 by_II the_AT occupiers_NN2 ,_, relates_VVZ solely_RR to_II the_AT private_JJ use_NN1 of_IO the_AT dwellings_NN2 rather_II21 than_II22 their_APPGE business_NN1 use_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 point_NN1 that_CST seems_VVZ to_TO have_VHI been_VBN overlooked_VVN by_II counsel_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ no_AT evidence_NN1 or_CC reason_NN1 put_VVD forward_RL as_II21 to_II22 why_RRQ there_EX was_VBDZ any_DD need_NN1 ,_, requirement_NN1 ,_, or_CC purpose_NN1 ,_, for_IF any_DD tenancy_NN1 or_CC exclusive_JJ use_NN1 rights_NN2 relating_VVG to_II the_AT business_NN1 use_NN1 of_IO the_AT dwellings_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT submissions_NN2 of_IO the_AT objectors_NN2 ,_, I_PPIS1 think_VV0 ,_, support_NN1 the_AT clear_JJ conclusion_NN1 that_CST both_DB2 dwellinghouses_NN2 were_VBDR used_VVN in_II part_NN1 for_IF private_JJ purposes_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_RR21 addition_RR22 ,_, there_EX was_VBDZ no_AT proof_NN1 of_IO any_DD sort_NN1 of_IO tenancy_NN1 agreement_NN1 between_II the_AT four_MC objectors_NN2 on_II the_AT one_MC1 part_NN1 and_CC the_AT two_MC lots_PN of_IO two_MC objectors_NN2 on_II the_AT other_JJ part_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ no_AT evidence_NN1 as_II21 to_II22 any_DD sort_NN1 of_IO term_NN1 of_IO tenancy_NN1 ,_, whether_CSW there_EX was_VBDZ any_DD sort_NN1 of_IO exclusive_JJ rights_NN2 ,_, to_II what_DDQ any_DD tenancy_NN1 related_VVD to_RP ,_, or_CC such_DA like_JJ ,_, apart_II21 from_II22 the_AT entries_NN2 in_II the_AT accounts_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT postings_NN2 in_II the_AT accounts_NN2 ,_, in_II my_APPGE opinion_NN1 ,_, did_VDD not_XX themselves_PPX2 with_IW nothing_PN1 more_DAR ,_, give_VV0 rise_NN1 to_II any_DD agreement_NN1 to_TO lease_VVI part_NN1 of_IO the_AT land_NN1 by_II any_DD of_IO the_AT objectors_NN2 from_II all_DB of_IO the_AT objectors_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 proved_VVD nothing_PN1 more_DAR than_CSN a_AT1 record_NN1 of_IO adjustments_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ no_AT other_JJ evidence_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 agreement_NN1 to_TO lease_VVI any_DD part_NN1 of_IO the_AT land_NN1 by_II the_AT objectors_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 find_VV0 that_CST it_PPH1 has_VHZ not_XX been_VBN proved_VVN there_EX were_VBDR at_II the_AT relevant_JJ times_NNT2 tenancy_NN1 agreements_NN2 between_II the_AT objectors_NN2 for_IF the_AT use_NN1 of_IO the_AT two_MC dwellinghouses_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 do_VD0 not_XX agree_VVI with_IW the_AT submission_NN1 of_IO the_AT counsel_NN1 for_IF the_AT Commissioner_NN1 ,_, that_CST just_RR as_II a_AT1 partner_NN1 can_VM not_XX be_VBI employed_VVN by_II a_AT1 partnership_NN1 ,_, so_CS one_MC1 or_CC more_DAR partners_NN2 can_VM not_XX obtain_VVI a_AT1 lease_NN1 from_II all_DB partners_NN2 or_CC part_NN1 of_IO partnership_NN1 land_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT questions_NN2 of_IO employment_NN1 and_CC tenancy_NN1 are_VBR two_MC totally_RR different_JJ concepts_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 find_VV0 there_RL was_VBDZ no_AT tenancy_NN1 proved_VVN ,_, but_CCB even_CS21 if_CS22 there_EX was_VBDZ ,_, I_PPIS1 do_VD0 not_XX think_VVI that_DD1 would_VM advance_VVI the_AT objectors_NN2 '_GE case_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 have_VH0 no_AT idea_NN1 how_RRQ any_DD rental_NN1 was_VBDZ made_VVN up_RP ,_, whether_CSW it_PPH1 related_VVD to_II part_NN1 or_CC the_AT whole_NN1 of_IO the_AT dwellinghouses_NN2 ,_, or_CC what_DDQ ._. ^ ^_NULL All_DB I_PPIS1 can_VM say_VVI is_VBZ that_CST it_PPH1 was_VBDZ seemingly_RR a_AT1 nominal_JJ rent_NN1 for_IF bookkeeping_NN1 purposes_NN2 ,_, and_CC perhaps_RR to_TO try_VVI and_CC assist_VVI the_AT objectors_NN2 '_GE case_NN1 ,_, to_TO deduct_VVI expenditure_NN1 on_II the_AT dwellinghouses_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ not_XX evidence_NN1 of_IO the_AT necessary_JJ nexus_NN1 between_II the_AT expenditure_NN1 incurred_VVD and_CC any_DD recently_RR received_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT situation_NN1 is_VBZ that_CST each_DD1 objector_NN1 used_VVD the_AT dwellinghouses_NN2 for_IF private_JJ and_CC business_NN1 purposes_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT dwellinghouses_NN2 were_VBDR used_VVN for_IF both_DB2 purposes_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL When_CS the_AT expenditure_NN1 or_CC depreciation_NN1 in_II issue_NN1 was_VBDZ incurred_VVN ,_, it_PPH1 was_VBDZ for_IF both_RR business_NN1 and_CC private_JJ purposes_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT advantages_NN2 gained_VVD by_II the_AT expenditure_NN1 and_CC depreciation_NN1 were_VBDR intangible_JJ ;_; such_DA advantages_NN2 did_VDD not_XX lend_VVI themselves_PPX2 to_II any_DD sort_NN1 of_IO precise_JJ measurement_NN1 or_CC apportionment_NN1 between_II business_NN1 and_CC private_JJ purposes_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL As_CSA *1_NULL Richardson_NP1 *0_NULL \_NULL J_NP1 pointed_VVD out_RP in_II the_AT *1_NULL Buckley_NP1 &_CC Young_JJ *0_NULL case_NN1 3_MC {_NULL NZTC_NP }_NULL at_II \_NULL pp_NNU2 61,283-61,284_MCMC ;_; [_( 1978_MC ]_) 2_MC {_NULL NZLR_NP }_NULL at_II \_NULL pp_NNU2 498-499_MCMC ,_, the_AT effect_NN1 of_IO the_AT onus_NN1 of_IO proof_NN1 upon_II the_AT objectors_NN2 is_VBZ to_TO require_VVI them_PPHO2 to_TO show_VVI ,_, not_XX only_RR that_CST the_AT assessments_NN2 are_VBR wrong_JJ ,_, but_CCB also_RR by_II how_RGQ much_DA1 they_PPHS2 are_VBR wrong_JJ ,_, and_CC that_DD1 applies_VVZ equally_RR to_II the_AT amended_JJ assessments_NN2 ;_; so_CS21 that_CS22 in_II apportionment_NN1 cases_NN2 the_AT objector_NN1 has_VHZ the_AT burden_NN1 of_IO establishing_VVG the_AT extent_NN1 to_II which_DDQ the_AT amount_NN1 claimed_VVD to_TO be_VBI deductible_JJ satisfies_VVZ \_NULL sec_NNU 104_MC ,_, or_CC as_II the_AT learned_JJ judge_NN1 put_VVD it_PPH1 :_: |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT case_NN1 then_RT refers_VVZ to_II the_AT need_NN1 to_TO apply_VVI the_AT onus_NN1 of_IO proof_NN1 in_II a_AT1 broad_JJ and_CC commonsense_JJ way_NN1 ,_, but_CCB also_RR ,_, the_AT need_NN1 for_IF the_AT objector_NN1 or_CC taxpayer_NN1 to_TO *"_" point_VVI to_II some_DD intelligible_JJ basis_NN1 upon_II which_DDQ a_AT1 positive_JJ finding_NN1 can_VM be_VBI made_VVN that_CST a_AT1 defined_JJ part_NN1 of_IO the_AT total_JJ sum_NN1 is_VBZ deductible_JJ **"_" ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL From_II a_AT1 time_NNT1 of_IO use_NN1 basis_NN1 of_IO the_AT dwellinghouses_NN2 for_IF business_NN1 purpose_NN1 ,_, and_CC taking_VVG into_II account_NN1 the_AT disruption_NN1 of_IO the_AT private_JJ use_NN1 of_IO the_AT dwellinghouses_NN2 by_II business_NN1 uses_NN2 ,_, it_PPH1 may_VM be_VBI that_CST the_AT Commissioner_NN1 's_VHZ apportionments_NN2 to_II some_DD extent_NN1 do_VD0 not_XX wholly_RR reflect_VVI the_AT percentage_NN1 of_IO outgoings_NN2 for_IF each_DD1 dwellinghouse_NN1 that_CST should_VM be_VBI allowed_VVN for_IF business_NN1 purposes_NN2 ,_, as_CSA claimed_VVN by_II the_AT objectors_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL However_RR ,_, I_PPIS1 am_VBM unable_JJ to_TO arrive_VVI at_II any_DD other_JJ perceivable_JJ ,_, intelligible_JJ ,_, or_CC reasonable_JJ basis_NN1 by_II which_DDQ to_TO apportion_VVI such_DA outgoings_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 have_VH0 no_AT idea_NN1 as_II21 to_II22 the_AT relative_JJ uses_NN2 of_IO the_AT various_JJ parts_NN2 of_IO the_AT dwellings_NN2 ,_, except_CS obviously_RR the_AT major_JJ parts_NN2 of_IO them_PPHO2 seem_VV0 to_TO be_VBI primarily_RR for_IF private_JJ and_CC domestic_JJ use_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 would_VM be_VBI mere_JJ surmise_NN1 on_II my_APPGE part_NN1 to_TO substitute_VVI for_IF the_AT basis_NN1 of_IO apportionment_NN1 used_VVN by_II the_AT Commissioner_NN1 some_DD other_JJ basis_NN1 ,_, and_CC to_TO increase_VVI the_AT business_NN1 content_NN1 of_IO the_AT outgoings_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL No_AT perceivable_JJ basis_NN1 ,_, other_II21 than_II22 an_AT1 undefined_JJ increase_NN1 ,_, was_VBDZ put_VVN forward_RL by_II the_AT objectors_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT circumstances_NN2 ,_, the_AT objectors_NN2 have_VH0 failed_VVN to_TO prove_VVI on_II a_AT1 balance_NN1 of_IO probabilities_NN2 the_AT extent_NN1 to_II which_DDQ the_AT Commissioner_NN1 's_VHZ assessments_NN2 by_II31 way_II32 of_II33 apportionment_NN1 were_VBDR wrong_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 have_VH0 therefore_RR failed_VVN to_TO satisfy_VVI the_AT onus_NN1 of_IO proof_NN1 upon_II them_PPHO2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL With_II31 regard_II32 to_II33 the_AT section_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 am_VBM satisfied_JJ it_PPH1 was_VBDZ used_VVN by_II the_AT partnership_NN1 in_II gaining_VVG or_CC producing_VVG assessable_JJ income_NN1 of_IO the_AT partnership_NN1 during_II the_AT 1978_MC year_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ held_VVN for_IF this_DD1 purpose_NN1 from_II about_II the_AT time_NNT1 of_IO the_AT purchase_NN1 of_IO the_AT land_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 am_VBM satisfied_JJ that_CST the_AT expenditure_NN1 or_CC outgoings_NN2 on_II the_AT section_NN1 were_VBDR incurred_VVN for_IF a_AT1 similar_JJ purpose_NN1 ,_, although_CS the_AT first_MD objector_NN1 said_VVD that_CST his_APPGE thinking_VVG as_II21 to_II22 the_AT use_NN1 of_IO the_AT section_NN1 had_VHD changed_VVN in_II the_AT second_MD year_NNT1 ,_, and_CC an_AT1 aged_JJ aunt_NN1 of_IO his_PPGE lived_VVD in_II the_AT garage_NN1 there_RL for_IF a_AT1 time_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 am_VBM satisfied_JJ that_CST the_AT use_NN1 of_IO the_AT section_NN1 for_IF the_AT private_JJ or_CC domestic_JJ use_NN1 of_IO the_AT objectors_NN2 was_VBDZ minimal_JJ ,_, although_CS not_XX so_RG minimal_JJ to_TO be_VBI of_IO no_AT significance_NN1 at_RR21 all_RR22 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 do_VD0 not_XX know_VVI the_AT exact_JJ time_NNT1 and_CC amount_NN1 of_IO use_NN1 of_IO part_NN1 of_IO the_AT section_NN1 or_CC by_II the_AT objectors_NN2 for_IF private_JJ or_CC domestic_JJ use_NN1 ,_, but_CCB that_DD1 use_NN1 would_VM be_VBI well_JJ and_CC adequately_RR covered_VVN by_II an_AT1 apportionment_NN1 of_IO 10%_NNU for_IF such_DA use_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 find_VV0 that_CST the_AT outgoings_NN2 for_IF the_AT section_NN1 ,_, on_II the_AT evidence_NN1 ,_, should_VM be_VBI apportioned_VVN as_II21 to_II22 90%_NNU for_IF business_NN1 use_NN1 and_CC deductible_JJ accordingly_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT remaining_JJ 10%_NNU of_IO such_DA outgoings_NN2 are_VBR not_XX deductible_JJ because_CS they_PPHS2 relate_VV0 to_II the_AT private_JJ or_CC domestic_JJ use_NN1 of_IO the_AT section_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II31 accordance_II32 with_II33 my_APPGE findings_NN2 and_CC conclusions_NN2 ,_, I_PPIS1 determine_VV0 the_AT Commissioner_NN1 acted_VVD incorrectly_RR in_II disallowing_VVG a_AT1 deduction_NN1 to_II the_AT partnership_NN1 for_IF expenditure_NN1 incurred_VVD on_II outgoings_NN2 for_IF the_AT section_NN1 in_II the_AT year_NNT1 ending_VVG 31_MC March_NPM1 1978_MC ,_, and_CC the_AT amended_JJ assessments_NN2 should_VM be_VBI further_RRR amended_VVN by_II allowing_VVG a_AT1 deduction_NN1 for_IF 90%_NNU of_IO the_AT outgoings_NN2 in_II31 respect_II32 of_II33 the_AT section_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II31 accordance_II32 with_II33 the_AT foregoing_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 further_RRR determine_VV0 that_CST as_II the_AT objectors_NN2 have_VH0 not_XX shown_VVN or_CC proved_VVD the_AT extent_NN1 of_IO any_DD error_NN1 by_II the_AT Commissioner_NN1 in_II his_APPGE apportionment_NN1 of_IO outgoings_NN2 in_II31 respect_II32 of_II33 the_AT two_MC dwellinghouses_NN2 ,_, the_AT Commissioner_NN1 's_VBZ apportionment_NN1 as_CSA set_VVN out_RP in_II \_NULL para_NN1 10_MC hereof_RR is_VBZ not_XX shown_VVN to_TO be_VBI wrong_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT objection_NN1 in_II31 regard_II32 to_II33 apportionment_NN1 of_IO outgoings_NN2 for_IF the_AT dwellinghouses_NN2 can_VM not_XX be_VBI sustained_VVN and_CC was_VBDZ ,_, accordingly_RR ,_, correctly_RR disallowed_VVD ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Case_NN1 H13_FU *>_NULL ^ *<_NULL Taxation_NN1 Review_NN1 Authority_NN1 ,_, 28_MC January_NPM1 1986_MC ._. ^ *>_NULL ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT taxpayer_NN1 carried_VVD on_RP business_NN1 operating_VVG a_AT1 small_JJ suburban_JJ hairdresser_NN1 and_CC tobacconist_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Following_VVG an_AT1 investigation_NN1 ,_, based_VVN on_II an_AT1 assets_NN2 accretion_NN1 method_NN1 ,_, the_AT Commissioner_NN1 concluded_VVD that_CST the_AT taxpayer_NN1 had_VHD suppressed_VVN sales_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Amended_JJ assessments_NN2 were_VBDR made_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT taxpayer_NN1 denied_VVD that_CST he_PPHS1 had_VHD suppressed_VVN sales_NN2 except_CS to_II the_AT extent_NN1 of_IO taking_VVG ,_, daily_RR ,_, an_AT1 amount_NN1 for_IF his_APPGE lunch_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT taxpayer_NN1 claimed_VVD that_CST his_APPGE business_NN1 did_VDD not_XX have_VHI the_AT trade_NN1 to_TO earn_VVI the_AT income_NN1 assessed_VVD by_II the_AT Commissioner_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Following_VVG a_AT1 long_JJ period_NN1 of_IO negotiation_NN1 between_II the_AT parties_NN2 ,_, the_AT taxpayer_NN1 finally_RR capitulated_VVD and_CC accepted_VVD the_AT assessments_NN2 made_VVN by_II the_AT Commissioner_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 pleaded_VVD guilty_JJ to_II and_CC was_VBDZ convicted_VVN of_IO wilfully_RR filing_VVG false_JJ returns_NN2 of_IO income_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ assessed_VVN for_IF penal_JJ tax_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT taxpayer_NN1 objected_VVD against_II that_DD1 assessment_NN1 and_CC the_AT matter_NN1 came_VVD before_II the_AT Taxation_NN1 Review_NN1 Authority_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT taxpayer_NN1 argued_VVD that_CST he_PPHS1 never_RR accepted_VVD the_AT substance_NN1 of_IO the_AT charges_NN2 ,_, but_CCB that_CST he_PPHS1 had_VHD pleaded_VVN guilty_JJ to_TO be_VBI *"_" rid_VVN of_IO the_AT matter_NN1 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ submitted_VVN that_CST the_AT amount_NN1 of_IO penal_JJ tax_NN1 was_VBDZ excessive_JJ and_CC that_CST the_AT taxpayer_NN1 had_VHD been_VBN penalised_VVN as_CSA during_II the_AT course_NN1 of_IO the_AT investigation_NN1 the_AT department_NNJ had_VHD raised_VVN the_AT benchmark_NN1 for_IF penal_JJ tax_NN1 in_II average_JJ cases_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Commissioner_NN1 relied_VVD on_II the_AT fact_NN1 that_CST the_AT taxpayer_NN1 had_VHD pleaded_VVN guilty_JJ to_II the_AT offences_NN2 and_CC the_AT fact_NN1 that_CST throughout_II the_AT proceedings_NN2 he_PPHS1 had_VHD been_VBN professionally_RR advised_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT taxpayer_NN1 had_VHD admitted_VVN a_AT1 degree_NN1 of_IO evasion_NN1 for_IF which_DDQ an_AT1 appropriate_JJ amount_NN1 of_IO penal_JJ tax_NN1 had_VHD been_VBN assessed_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *1_NULL Held_VVN ,_, *4_NULL assessments_NN2 amended_VVD ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL While_CS tax_NN1 evasion_NN1 and_CC accordingly_RR penal_JJ tax_NN1 were_VBDR serious_JJ matters_NN2 ,_, the_AT case_NN1 before_II the_AT Authority_NN1 was_VBDZ not_XX a_AT1 bad_JJ case_NN1 of_IO its_APPGE type_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL On_II the_AT civil_JJ standard_NN1 of_IO proof_NN1 there_EX was_VBDZ evasion_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL On_II the_AT balance_NN1 of_IO probabilities_NN2 ,_, however_RR ,_, the_AT taxpayer_NN1 had_VHD satisfied_VVN the_AT Authority_NN1 that_CST the_AT amount_NN1 of_IO penal_JJ tax_NN1 assessed_VVD was_VBDZ excessive_JJ ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Barber_NP1 {_NULL DJ_NN1 }_NULL :_: ^_NULL *0_NULL At_II material_NN1 times_II the_AT objector_NN1 carried_VVD on_RP business_NN1 as_II a_ZZ1 hairdresser/_FO tobacconist_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 stocked_VVD quite_RR a_AT1 wide_JJ variety_NN1 of_IO goods_NN2 including_II sports_NN2 goods_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL As_II the_AT result_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 investigation_NN1 based_VVN on_II the_AT assets_NN2 accretion_NN1 method_NN1 and_CC related_VVN to_II the_AT income_NN1 years_NNT2 1973_MC to_II 1980_MC inclusive_RA ,_, undeclared_JJ income_NN1 of_IO the_AT objector_NN1 was_VBDZ ascertained_VVN at_II *+_NULL $14,138_NNU of_IO which_DDQ *+_NULL $10,749_NNU was_VBDZ presumed_VVN to_TO be_VBI suppressed_JJ sales_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL As_II a_AT1 result_NN1 of_IO the_AT further_JJR assessment_NN1 of_IO income_NN1 of_IO *+_NULL $14,138_NNU ,_, the_AT objector_NN1 was_VBDZ required_VVN to_TO pay_VVI a_AT1 further_JJR *+_NULL $6,323.84_NNU in_II income_NN1 tax_NN1 for_IF the_AT said_JJ eight_MC year_NNT1 period_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL These_DD2 assessments_NN2 for_IF income_NN1 tax_NN1 were_VBDR eventually_RR accepted_VVN on_II31 behalf_II32 of_II33 the_AT objector_NN1 by_II letter_NN1 dated_VVD 30_MC March_NPM1 1983_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL On_II 26_MC January_NPM1 1984_MC the_AT objector_NN1 pleaded_VVD guilty_JJ to_II charges_NN2 of_IO wilfully_RR filing_VVG false_RR returns_VVZ for_IF the_AT income_NN1 years_NNT2 1974_MC to_II 1980_MC inclusive_RA and_CC was_VBDZ convicted_VVN on_II all_DB charges_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL These_DD2 proceedings_NN2 concern_VV0 a_AT1 subsequent_JJ assessment_NN1 in_II March_NPM1 1984_MC for_IF penal_JJ tax_NN1 as_CSA follows_VVZ :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT objector_NN1 objected_VVD to_II the_AT assessments_NN2 of_IO penal_JJ tax_NN1 and_CC the_AT usual_JJ procedures_NN2 were_VBDR followed_VVN leading_VVG to_II a_AT1 hearing_NN1 before_II me_PPIO1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Pursuant_II21 to_II22 the_AT case_NN1 stated_VVD ,_, I_PPIS1 am_VBM asked_VVN whether_CSW the_AT objector_NN1 is_VBZ chargeable_JJ with_IW penal_JJ tax_NN1 and_CC whether_CSW the_AT assessments_NN2 of_IO penal_JJ tax_NN1 are_VBR excessive_JJ and_CC ,_, if_CS so_CS ,_, in_II what_DDQ respects_NN2 should_VM such_DA assessments_NN2 and_CC which_DDQ of_IO them_PPHO2 be_VBI amended_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL At_II the_AT hearing_NN1 ,_, counsel_NN1 for_IF the_AT objector_NN1 conceded_VVD that_CST penal_JJ tax_NN1 is_VBZ chargeable_JJ so_CS21 that_CS22 I_PPIS1 am_VBM only_RR concerned_JJ with_IW quantum_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Although_CS proof_NN1 of_IO chargeability_NN1 would_VM have_VHI rested_VVN with_IW the_AT respondent_NN1 ,_, at_II the_AT civil_JJ standard_NN1 but_CCB with_IW a_AT1 sliding_JJ scale_NN1 upwards_RL as_CSA referred_VVN to_II in_CS21 *1_NULL Case_CS22 *0_NULL F141_FU (_( 1984_MC )_) 6_MC {_NULL NZTC_NP }_NULL 60,254_MC at_II \_NULL p_ZZ1 60,256_MC [_( also_RR reported_VVN as_CSA {_NULL TRA_NP1 }_NULL *1_NULL Case_NN1 *0_NULL 23_MC (_( 1984_MC )_) 8_MC {_NULL TRNZ_NP }_NULL 154_MC at_II \_NULL pp_NNU2 156-157_MCMC ]_) ,_, the_AT objector_NN1 is_VBZ required_VVN in_II the_AT usual_JJ way_NN1 to_TO prove_VVI on_II the_AT balance_NN1 of_IO probabilities_NN2 that_CST the_AT quantum_NN1 is_VBZ excessive_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II reviewing_VVG the_AT discretion_NN1 of_IO the_AT respondent_NN1 when_RRQ he_PPHS1 assessed_VVD the_AT amount_NN1 of_IO penal_JJ tax_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 may_VM only_RR in_II terms_NN2 of_IO \_NULL sec_NNU 423_MC of_IO the_AT *1_NULL Income_NN1 Tax_NN1 Act_NN1 *0_NULL 1976_MC have_VH0 regard_NN1 :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL *"_" ..._... to_II the_AT nature_NN1 and_CC degree_NN1 of_IO the_AT offence_NN1 ,_, or_CC to_II the_AT reason_NN1 for_IF the_AT imposition_NN1 of_IO the_AT penal_JJ tax_NN1 ..._... **"_" ^ ._. **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL In_II31 terms_II32 of_II33 \_NULL sec_NNU 420_MC and_CC 423_MC ,_, the_AT maximum_JJ amount_NN1 of_IO penal_JJ tax_NN1 chargeable_JJ is_VBZ 300%_NNU of_IO the_AT deficient_JJ tax_NN1 (_( that_DD1 tax_NN1 arising_VVG out_II21 of_II22 evasion_NN1 or_CC attempted_JJ evasion_NN1 )_) ,_, and_CC I_PPIS1 have_VH0 no_AT jurisdiction_NN1 to_TO reduce_VVI penal_JJ tax_NN1 below_II 10%_NNU of_IO the_AT deficient_JJ tax_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Although_CS there_EX was_VBDZ no_AT dispute_NN1 of_IO fact_NN1 other_II21 than_II22 whether_CSW sales_NN2 suppressed_VVD by_II the_AT objector_NN1 were_VBDR minor_JJ or_CC substantial_JJ ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ helpful_JJ to_TO refer_VVI to_II parts_NN2 of_IO the_AT evidence_NN1 ,_, in_II the_AT sequence_NN1 in_II which_DDQ they_PPHS2 were_VBDR adduced_VVN ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 283+TEXT+H19_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL A_AT1 quality_NN1 control_NN1 inspector_NN1 ,_, who_PNQS was_VBDZ an_AT1 indentured_JJ fitter_NN1 and_CC turner_NN1 ,_, was_VBDZ transferred_VVN to_II process_NN1 work_NN1 due_II21 to_II22 the_AT winding_VVG down_RP of_IO operations_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 motor_NN1 assembly_NN1 plant_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT worker_NN1 refused_VVD the_AT temporary_JJ transfer_NN1 and_CC was_VBDZ dismissed_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT union_NN argued_VVD that_CST the_AT employer_NN1 's_VBZ motive_NN1 was_VBDZ to_TO avoid_VVI declaring_VVG the_AT worker_NN1 redundant_JJ and_CC paying_VVG him_PPHO1 accordingly_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT employer_NN1 argued_VVD that_CST under_II the_AT redundancy_NN1 agreement_NN1 it_PPH1 had_VHD an_AT1 obligation_NN1 of_IO preserving_VVG the_AT employment_NN1 for_IF as_RG long_RR as_CSA possible_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 claimed_VVD that_DD1 preservation_NN1 of_IO the_AT worker_NN1 's_GE full_JJ remuneration_NN1 as_II a_AT1 quality_NN1 control_NN1 inspector_NN1 while_CS transferring_VVG him_PPHO1 to_II a_AT1 temporary_JJ process_NN1 position_NN1 was_VBDZ within_II the_AT terms_NN2 of_IO the_AT employment_NN1 contract_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL Held_VVD :_: ^_NULL *0_NULL Claim_NP1 disallowed_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT majority_NN held_VVD that_CST the_AT question_NN1 of_IO whether_CSW the_AT process_NN1 position_NN1 was_VBDZ permanent_JJ could_VM not_XX be_VBI determined_VVN until_CS further_JJR time_NNT1 had_VHD elapsed_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT terms_NN2 of_IO the_AT redundancy_NN1 agreement_NN1 did_VDD not_XX require_VVI the_AT employer_NN1 to_TO declare_VVI the_AT worker_NN1 redundant_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL \_NULL Mr_NNB {_NULL W_NP1 R_NP1 }_NULL Cameron_NP1 dissenting_VVG ._. ^ *<_NULL *7_NULL DECISION_NN1 OF_IO THE_AT COURT_NN1 DELIVERED_VVD BY_II FINNIGAN_NP1 ,_, \_NULL J._NP1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ a_AT1 claim_NN1 alleging_VVG unjustifiable_JJ dismissal_NN1 brought_VVN by_II the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 Engineering_NN1 ,_, Coachbuilding_NN1 ,_, Aircraft_NN ,_, Motor_NN1 and_CC Related_JJ Trades_NN2 Industrial_JJ Union_NNJ of_IO Workers_NN2 (_( hereinafter_RR referred_VVN to_II as_II the_AT *"_" union_NN **"_" )_) on_II31 behalf_II32 of_II33 a_AT1 worker_NN1 Robert_NP1 Neilson_NP1 who_PNQS was_VBDZ dismissed_VVN from_II his_APPGE employment_NN1 after_II refusing_VVG a_AT1 transfer_NN1 within_II the_AT Petone_NP1 motor_NN1 assembly_NN1 plant_NN1 of_IO the_AT employer_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT worker_NN1 had_VHD been_VBN employed_VVN from_II April_NPM1 1982_MC until_CS early_RR 1984_MC as_II a_AT1 quality_NN1 control_NN1 inspector_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 is_VBZ an_AT1 indentured_JJ fitter_NN1 and_CC turner_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT transfer_NN1 was_VBDZ to_TO have_VHI been_VBN to_II an_AT1 assembly_NN1 line_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT background_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT reason_NN1 ,_, for_IF the_AT proposed_JJ transfer_NN1 was_VBDZ that_CST the_AT employer_NN1 was_VBDZ reducing_VVG the_AT operations_NN2 of_IO its_APPGE Petone_NP1 plant_NN1 with_IW the_AT object_NN1 of_IO closing_VVG it_PPH1 down_RP ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Transfer_NN1 of_IO employees_NN2 in_II the_AT ordinary_JJ course_NN1 of_IO events_NN2 was_VBDZ provided_VVN for_IF in_II Clause_NN1 12_MC of_IO the_AT Hutt_NP Valley_NNL1 and_CC Porirua_NP Basin_NNL1 Motor_NN1 Assembly_NNJ Plants_NN2 Engineering_NN1 Employees_NN2 Collective_JJ Agreement_NN1 which_DDQ was_VBDZ registered_VVN on_II 6_MC May_NPM1 1981_MC ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Clause_NN1 12_MC of_IO the_AT Collective_JJ Agreement_NN1 is_VBZ as_CSA follows_VVZ :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL *<_NULL 12_MC ._. ^ *3_NULL TRANSFER_NN1 OF_IO EMPLOYEES_NN2 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT need_NN1 to_TO move_VVI employees_NN2 between_II jobs_NN2 may_VM arise_VVI from_II a_AT1 variety_NN1 of_IO circumstances_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 emergency_NN1 situations_NN2 ,_, staff_NN shortages_NN2 or_CC employee_NN1 absence_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL If_CS the_AT Union_NNJ delegate_NN1 of_IO the_AT area_NN1 concerned_JJ considers_VVZ an_AT1 individual_JJ worker_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN unfairly_RR treated_VVN ,_, then_RT he_PPHS1 may_VM discuss_VVI that_DD1 matter_NN1 with_IW management_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL When_RRQ workers_NN2 are_VBR transferred_VVN to_TO perform_VVI other_II21 than_II22 their_APPGE usual_JJ duties_NN2 ,_, the_AT following_JJ provisions_NN2 shall_VM apply_VVI :_: __NULL |_NULL (_( **=_NULL i_ZZ1 )_) ^_NULL In_II the_AT majority_NN of_IO cases_NN2 temporary_JJ absence_NN1 will_VM be_VBI covered_VVN by_II employees_NN2 in_II jobs_NN2 of_IO the_AT same_DA category_NN1 and_CC no_AT problems_NN2 of_IO pay_NN1 will_VM thus_RR arise_VVI ._. ^ |_NULL (_( **=_NULL ii_MC )_) ^_NULL If_CSW the_AT rate_NN1 of_IO pay_NN1 for_IF the_AT job_NN1 to_II which_DDQ he_PPHS1 is_VBZ transferred_VVN is_VBZ higher_JJR than_CSN his_APPGE usual_JJ rate_NN1 ,_, such_DA a_AT1 worker_NN1 shall_VM be_VBI paid_VVN the_AT higher_JJR rate_NN1 forthwith_RR and_CC shall_VM remain_VVI on_II that_DD1 rate_NN1 for_IF the_AT balance_NN1 of_IO that_DD1 pay_NN1 week_NNT1 ._. ^ |_NULL (_( **=_NULL iii_MC )_) ^_NULL If_CSW a_AT1 worker_NN1 's_VBZ rate_NN1 of_IO pay_NN1 is_VBZ higher_JJR than_CSN that_DD1 of_IO the_AT job_NN1 he_PPHS1 has_VHZ been_VBN temporarily_RR transferred_VVN to_RP he_PPHS1 shall_VM stay_VVI on_II the_AT higher_JJR rate_NN1 until_CS a_AT1 permanent_JJ transfer_NN1 is_VBZ made_VVN ,_, at_II which_DDQ time_NNT1 he_PPHS1 shall_VM receive_VVI the_AT rate_NN1 for_IF that_DD1 job_NN1 category_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL However_RR ,_, no_AT worker_NN1 shall_VM be_VBI permanently_RR transferred_VVN to_II a_AT1 job_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 lower_JJR rate_NN1 of_IO pay_NN1 without_IW his_APPGE consent_NN1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL On_II 18_MC July_NPM1 1983_MC an_AT1 agreement_NN1 ,_, called_VVN a_AT1 redundancy_NN1 agreement_NN1 ,_, had_VHD been_VBN reached_VVN between_II the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 Engineering_NN1 ,_, Coachbuilding_NN1 Motor_NN1 Aircraft_NN and_CC Related_JJ Trades_NN2 Industrial_JJ Union_NNJ of_IO Workers_NN2 (_( Wellington_NP1 Branch_NN1 )_) and_CC the_AT employer_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Clause_NN1 2_MC of_IO that_DD1 agreement_NN1 is_VBZ as_CSA follows_VVZ :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL 2_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL Where_CS the_AT company_NN1 offers_VVZ alternative_JJ employment_NN1 within_II the_AT company_NN1 and_CC where_RRQ the_AT employees_NN2 reject_VV0 the_AT offer_NN1 they_PPHS2 will_VM not_XX be_VBI considered_VVN to_TO be_VBI redundant_JJ and_CC will_VM not_XX be_VBI entitled_VVN to_II redundancy_NN1 payments_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL 2.1_MC ^_NULL Alternative_JJ employment_NN1 shall_VM mean_VVI a_AT1 position_NN1 at_II a_ZZ1 wage/_FO pay_NN1 no_AT less_RGR favourable_JJ than_CSN those_DD2 that_CST applied_VVD immediately_RR prior_II21 to_II22 the_AT transfer_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL 2.2_MC ^_NULL Employees_NN2 affected_VVN by_II Clause_NN1 2_MC shall_VM be_VBI entitied_VVN to_TO evoke_VVI the_AT Personal_JJ Grievance_NN1 procedure_NN1 contained_VVN within_II the_AT Collective_JJ Agreement_NN1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT preamble_NN1 to_II this_DD1 agreement_NN1 is_VBZ of_IO great_JJ importance_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ as_CSA follows_VVZ :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT intent_NN1 of_IO the_AT parties_NN2 in_II making_VVG this_DD1 agreement_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO endeavour_VVI to_TO provide_VVI for_IF continued_JJ employment_NN1 rather_CS21 than_CS22 declare_VVI redundancies_NN2 ,_, and_CC in_II the_AT event_NN1 redundancies_NN2 occur_VV0 ,_, re-employment_NN1 is_VBZ reasonably_RR secure_VV0 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL On_II 28_MC November_NPM1 1983_MC a_ZZ1 letter_NN1 had_VHD been_VBN given_VVN to_II all_DB hourly_JJ rated_JJ employees_NN2 of_IO the_AT employer_NN1 providing_VVG what_DDQ the_AT letter_NN1 called_VVN further_JJR information_NN1 in_II the_AT phasing_NN1 out_II21 of_II22 the_AT Petone_NP1 operation_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT letter_NN1 stated_VVN among_II other_JJ things_NN2 that_CST the_AT activities_NN2 of_IO inspectors_NN2 would_VM be_VBI progressively_RR affected_VVN by_II the_AT closure_NN1 of_IO the_AT various_JJ production_NN1 areas_NN2 in_II the_AT plant_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL On_II 2_MC February_NPM1 1984_MC \_NULL Mr_NNB Neilson_NP1 was_VBDZ approached_VVN by_II the_AT General_NNB Foreman_NP1 for_IF Inspection_NN1 about_II his_APPGE workload_NN1 and_CC he_PPHS1 reported_VVD to_II the_AT General_NNB Foreman_NP1 that_CST his_APPGE workload_NN1 had_VHD virtually_RR run_VVN out_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL A_RR21 little_RR22 later_RRR his_APPGE own_DA foreman_NN1 asked_VVD him_PPHO1 to_TO transfer_VVI to_II process_NN1 work_NN1 on_II the_AT production_NN1 of_IO axles_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 refused_VVD the_AT transfer_NN1 and_CC said_VVD to_II the_AT employer_NN1 that_CST two_MC other_JJ quality_NN1 control_NN1 inspectors_NN2 were_VBDR absent_JJ and_CC their_APPGE jobs_NN2 should_VM have_VHI been_VBN available_JJ to_II him_PPHO1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ suspended_VVN without_IW pay_NN1 and_CC told_VVN to_TO report_VVI for_IF work_NN1 the_AT following_JJ day_NNT1 to_TO see_VVI whether_CSW inspection_NN1 work_NN1 could_VM be_VBI made_VVN available_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT following_JJ day_NNT1 no_AT work_NN1 was_VBDZ said_VVN to_TO be_VBI available_JJ although_CS \_NULL Mr_NNB Neilson_NP1 pointed_VVD out_RP that_CST the_AT two_MC quality_NN1 control_NN1 inspectors_NN2 previously_RR absent_JJ were_VBDR still_RR absent_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT transfer_NN1 to_II production_NN1 work_NN1 was_VBDZ offered_VVN and_CC refused_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL On_II 14_MC February_NPM1 a_AT1 grievance_NN1 committee_NNJ met_VVD pursuant_II21 to_II22 Clause_NN1 40_MC of_IO the_AT Collective_JJ Agreement_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL An_AT1 interim_JJ arrangement_NN1 was_VBDZ made_VVN at_II that_DD1 meeting_NN1 but_CCB subsequently_RR the_AT parties_NN2 asked_VVD the_AT chairman_NN1 to_TO make_VVI a_AT1 formal_JJ decision_NN1 in_II the_AT matter_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL That_DD1 decision_NN1 ,_, issued_VVN on_II 27_MC February_NPM1 1984_MC required_VVD \_NULL Mr_NNB Neilson_NP1 to_TO give_VVI the_AT proposed_JJ transfer_NN1 a_AT1 fair_JJ trial_NN1 and_CC the_AT employer_NN1 to_TO ensure_VVI the_AT transfer_NN1 was_VBDZ only_RR temporary_JJ ,_, a_AT1 permanent_JJ transfer_NN1 being_VBG the_AT equivalent_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 redundancy_NN1 to_II which_DDQ other_JJ considerations_NN2 would_VM apply_VVI ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL \_NULL Mr_NNB Neilson_NP1 did_VDD not_XX at_II any_DD time_NNT1 accept_VV0 any_DD of_IO the_AT production_NN1 work_NN1 offered_VVN to_II him_PPHO1 and_CC eventually_RR on_II 1_MC1 March_NPM1 1984_MC he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ formally_RR advised_VVN by_II the_AT employer_NN1 that_CST having_VHG refused_VVN a_AT1 temporary_JJ transfer_NN1 at_II his_APPGE normal_JJ rate_NN1 of_IO pay_NN1 he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ considered_VVN to_TO be_VBI in_II breach_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE contract_NN1 and_CC that_CST his_APPGE employment_NN1 was_VBDZ terminated_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL \_NULL Mr_NNB Neilson_NP1 in_II evidence_NN1 and_CC counsel_NN1 for_IF the_AT union_NN in_II submissions_NN2 urged_VVD the_AT Court_NN1 to_TO accept_VVI that_CST the_AT fault_NN1 lies_VVZ with_IW the_AT employer_NN1 ,_, first_MD in_II taking_VVG the_AT unusual_JJ course_NN1 of_IO attempting_VVG to_TO transfer_VVI him_PPHO1 from_II a_AT1 trade_NN1 position_NN1 to_II a_AT1 process_NN1 position_NN1 when_CS that_DD1 had_VHD not_XX been_VBN done_VDN before_II and_CC second_NNT1 ,_, in_II attempting_VVG to_TO make_VVI this_DD1 transfer_NN1 permanent_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 allege_VV0 that_CST the_AT employer_NN1 's_VBZ motive_NN1 was_VBDZ to_TO avoid_VVI declaring_VVG \_NULL Mr_NNB Neilson_NP1 redundant_JJ under_II the_AT redundancy_NN1 agreement_NN1 and_CC paying_VVG him_PPHO1 accordingly_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 suggested_VVD also_RR the_AT employer_NN1 was_VBDZ making_VVG an_AT1 issue_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE position_NN1 in_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO gauge_VVI the_AT response_NN1 of_IO other_JJ trades_NN2 workers_NN2 and_CC to_TO test_VVI the_AT question_NN1 of_IO transfers_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL \_NULL Mr_NNB Neilson_NP1 said_VVD in_II evidence_NN1 that_CST he_PPHS1 had_VHD no_AT opportunity_NN1 to_TO explain_VVI his_APPGE situation_NN1 or_CC to_TO put_VVI alternatives_NN2 to_II the_AT employer_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT employer_NN1 in_II evidence_NN1 and_CC submissions_NN2 agreed_VVN with_IW the_AT union_NN that_DD1 Clause_NN1 12_MC of_IO the_AT Collective_JJ Agreement_NN1 does_VDZ not_XX apply_VVI but_RR disagreed_VVD in_II31 respect_II32 of_II33 the_AT redundancy_NN1 agreement_NN1 dated_VVD 18_MC July_NPM1 1983_MC and_CC relied_VVD upon_II Clause_NN1 2_MC of_IO that_DD1 agreement_NN1 quoted_VVD above_RL ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 relied_VVD also_RR on_II the_AT fact_NN1 that_CST the_AT closure_NN1 of_IO the_AT Petone_NP1 plant_NN1 was_VBDZ an_AT1 extraordinary_JJ and_CC unique_JJ situation_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 took_VVD the_AT view_NN1 that_CST both_DB2 under_II the_AT redundancy_NN1 agreement_NN1 and_CC in_II31 terms_II32 of_II33 general_JJ policy_NN1 it_PPH1 had_VHD an_AT1 obligation_NN1 to_TO consider_VVI the_AT termination_NN1 of_IO each_DD1 worker_NN1 's_VBZ employment_NN1 in_II its_APPGE own_DA circumstances_NN2 with_IW the_AT overall_JJ object_NN1 of_IO preserving_VVG the_AT employment_NN1 of_IO each_DD1 worker_NN1 for_IF as_RG long_RR as_CSA possible_JJ ,_, either_RR by_II transfer_NN1 within_II the_AT Petone_NP1 plant_NN1 or_CC transfer_VV0 where_RRQ appropriate_JJ to_II the_AT Trentham_NP1 plant_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 denied_VVD that_CST a_AT1 simple_JJ transfer_NN1 to_II the_AT work_NN1 of_IO other_JJ absent_JJ inspectors_NN2 was_VBDZ possible_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 claimed_VVD that_CST \_NULL Mr_NNB Neilson_NP1 's_GE employment_NN1 was_VBDZ governed_VVN by_II the_AT Collective_JJ Agreement_NN1 ,_, the_AT conditions_NN2 acknowledged_VVD by_II \_NULL Mr_NNB Neilson_NP1 in_II his_APPGE signed_JJ application_NN1 for_IF employment_NN1 and_CC by_II the_AT redundancy_NN1 agreement_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 claimed_VVD that_DD1 preservation_NN1 of_IO \_NULL Mr_NNB Neilson_NP1 's_GE full_JJ remuneration_NN1 as_II a_AT1 quality_NN1 control_NN1 inspector_NN1 by_II transferring_VVG him_PPHO1 from_II a_AT1 position_NN1 where_RRQ he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ no_RR21 longer_RR22 required_VVN to_II a_AT1 process_NN1 position_NN1 was_VBDZ within_II the_AT terms_NN2 of_IO the_AT employment_NN1 contract_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 claimed_VVD also_RR that_CST \_NULL Mr_NNB Neilson_NP1 had_VHD between_II 2_MC February_NPM1 and_CC 1_MC1 March_NPM1 a_AT1 reasonable_JJ opportunity_NN1 to_TO present_VVI his_APPGE point_NN1 of_IO view_NN1 and_CC any_DD reasonable_JJ alternatives_NN2 and_CC to_TO accept_VVI the_AT offer_NN1 of_IO transfer_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 claimed_VVD it_PPH1 was_VBDZ \_NULL Mr_NNB Neilson_NP1 's_GE inflexible_JJ attitude_NN1 which_DDQ prevented_VVD the_AT transfer_NN1 and_CC led_VVD inevitably_RR to_II termination_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE employment_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL A_AT1 majority_NN of_IO the_AT Court_NN1 hold_VV0 on_II the_AT evidence_NN1 that_CST there_EX was_VBDZ at_II the_AT most_RGT very_JJ limited_JJ quality_NN1 control_NN1 inspection_NN1 work_VV0 available_JJ for_IF \_NULL Mr_NNB Neilson_NP1 after_II 2_MC February_NPM1 ,_, and_CC that_CST the_AT question_NN1 of_IO whether_CSW the_AT process_NN1 position_NN1 offered_VVD was_VBDZ permanent_JJ was_VBDZ not_XX capable_JJ of_IO being_VBG decided_VVN until_CS further_JJR time_NNT1 had_VHD elapsed_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT majority_NN hold_VV0 after_II considering_VVG the_AT evidence_NN1 and_CC all_DB of_IO the_AT very_RG careful_JJ submissions_NN2 of_IO both_DB2 counsel_VV0 that_CST it_PPH1 was_VBDZ the_AT redundancy_NN1 agreement_NN1 of_IO 18_MC July_NPM1 1983_MC which_DDQ primarily_RR governed_VVD the_AT situation_NN1 ;_; in_II their_APPGE view_NN1 the_AT employer_NN1 was_VBDZ not_XX required_VVN by_II that_DD1 agreement_NN1 or_CC any_DD other_JJ provision_NN1 to_TO declare_VVI \_NULL Mr_NNB Neilson_NP1 redundant_JJ ,_, neither_RR did_VDD \_NULL Mr_NNB Neilson_NP1 have_VHI any_DD basis_NN1 in_II the_AT award_NN1 ,_, the_AT redundancy_NN1 agreement_NN1 or_CC any_DD other_JJ provision_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE employment_NN1 contract_NN1 to_TO insist_VVI upon_II being_VBG declared_VVN redundant_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II their_APPGE view_NN1 what_DDQ the_AT employer_NN1 did_VDD was_VBDZ what_DDQ the_AT preamble_NN1 and_CC Clause_NN1 2_MC of_IO the_AT redundancy_NN1 agreement_NN1 provided_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT question_NN1 of_IO whether_CSW such_DA transfer_NN1 was_VBDZ permanent_JJ must_VM have_VHI been_VBN raised_VVN every_AT1 time_NNT1 that_DD1 clause_NN1 was_VBDZ applied_VVN ,_, and_CC a_AT1 permanent_JJ transfer_NN1 other_II21 than_II22 by_II the_AT separate_JJ agreement_NN1 would_VM have_VHI been_VBN outside_II the_AT terms_NN2 of_IO that_DD1 clause_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT majority_NN hold_VV0 that_CST the_AT evidence_NN1 clearly_RR disproves_VVZ the_AT claims_NN2 that_CST \_NULL Mr_NNB Neilson_NP1 was_VBDZ given_VVN no_AT opportunity_NN1 to_TO be_VBI heard_VVN in_II the_AT matter_NN1 or_CC to_TO be_VBI fully_RR represented_VVN by_II the_AT union_NN ;_; there_EX was_VBDZ ample_JJ time_NNT1 and_CC ample_JJ representation_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 holds_VVZ clearly_RR also_RR that_CST in_II the_AT unusual_JJ circumstances_NN2 of_IO this_DD1 case_NN1 provision_NN1 had_VHD been_VBN made_VVN by_II agreement_NN1 for_IF the_AT transfer_NN1 which_DDQ the_AT employer_NN1 offered_VVN to_II \_NULL Mr_NNB Neilson_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II31 view_II32 of_II33 those_DD2 findings_NN2 therefore_RR the_AT claims_NN2 of_IO the_AT union_NN on_II \_NULL Mr_NNB Neilson_NP1 's_GE behalf_NN1 must_VM fail_VVI ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL A_AT1 dissenting_JJ opinion_NN1 by_II \_NULL Mr_NNB Cameron_NP1 follows_VVZ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL We_PPIS2 make_VV0 no_AT order_NN1 for_IF costs_NN2 ._. ^ *<_NULL *7_NULL DISSENTING_VVG OPINION_NN1 OF_IO \_NULL MR_NNB {_NULL W.R._NP }_NULL CAMERON_NP1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL In_II dissenting_VVG from_II the_AT above_JJ decision_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 make_VV0 the_AT following_JJ comments_NN2 :_: __NULL |_NULL 1_MC1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Neilson_NP1 was_VBDZ employed_VVN as_II a_AT1 Quality_NN1 Control_NN1 Inspector_NN1 and_CC in_II that_DD1 position_NN1 he_PPHS1 carried_VVD out_RP his_APPGE duties_NN2 in_II a_AT1 competent_JJ and_CC co-operative_JJ manner_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT evidence_NN1 shows_VVZ that_CST within_II the_AT broad_JJ area_NN1 of_IO quality_NN1 control_NN1 he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ prepared_VVN to_TO fill_VVI any_DD position_NN1 at_II any_DD time_NNT1 ._. ^ |_NULL 2_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL Neilson_NP1 signed_VVD an_AT1 Application_NN1 for_IF Employment_NN1 form_NN1 dated_VVD 5.4.82_MC ,_, which_DDQ embodied_VVD a_AT1 declaration_NN1 to_TO be_VBI signed_VVN by_II the_AT applicant_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Clause_NN1 1_MC1 provides_VVZ for_IF alteration_NN1 of_IO duties_NN2 ,_, responsibilities_NN2 and_CC location_NN1 of_IO the_AT employee_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *3_NULL COMMENT_NN1 :_: ^_NULL *0_NULL At_II the_AT time_NNT1 of_IO Neilson_NP1 's_GE signing_VVG the_AT Application_NN1 for_IF Employment_NN1 form_NN1 there_EX was_VBDZ no_AT indication_NN1 that_CST any_DD of_IO the_AT provisions_NN2 applied_VVN to_II a_AT1 redundancy_NN1 situation_NN1 ,_, and_CC can_VM not_XX be_VBI interpreted_VVN as_II such_DA ._. ^ |_NULL 3_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Hutt_NP Valley_NNL1 and_CC Porirua_NP Basin_NNL1 Motor_NN1 Assembly_NNJ Plants_NN2 '_GE Engineering_NN1 Employees_NN2 *-_- Collective_JJ Agreement_NN1 (_( Voluntary_JJ )_) provides_VVZ for_IF transfer_NN1 of_IO employees_NN2 in_II Clause_NN1 12_MC and_CC outlines_VVZ the_AT following_JJ circumstances_NN2 where_CS this_DD1 clause_NN1 would_VM apply_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 are_VBR :_: |_NULL Emergency_NN1 situations_NN2 ,_, staff_NN shortages_VVZ ,_, or_CC employee_NN1 absences_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *3_NULL COMMENT_NN1 :_: ^_NULL *0_NULL This_DD1 clause_NN1 in_II its_APPGE preamble_NN1 does_VDZ not_XX envisage_VVI redundancy_NN1 situations_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL 4_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 Engineering_NN1 ,_, Coachbuilding_NN1 ,_, Motor_NN1 ,_, Aircraft_NN and_CC Related_JJ Trades_NN2 Industrial_JJ Union_NNJ of_IO Workers_NN2 (_( Wellington_NP1 Branch_NN1 )_) and_CC General_JJ Motors_NN2 (_( {_NULL N.Z._NP }_NULL )_) Limited_VVD reached_VVN agreement_NN1 to_TO cover_VVI impending_JJ redundancy_NN1 situations_NN2 on_II July_NPM1 18th_MD ,_, 1983_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL Clause_NN1 1_MC1 of_IO this_DD1 Agreement_NN1 provides_VVZ for_IF payments_NN2 to_TO be_VBI made_VVN to_II workers_NN2 declared_VVD redundant_JJ by_II the_AT company_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Clause_NN1 2_MC provides_VVZ for_IF the_AT offer_NN1 of_IO alternative_JJ employment_NN1 within_II the_AT company_NN1 and_CC where_RRQ the_AT employees_NN2 reject_VV0 alternative_JJ employment_NN1 they_PPHS2 will_VM not_XX be_VBI considered_VVN redundant_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *3_NULL COMMENT_NN1 :_: ^_NULL *0_NULL Neilson_NP1 had_VHD good_JJ reason_NN1 to_TO believe_VVI that_CST he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ declared_VVN ,_, or_CC about_RPK to_TO be_VBI declared_VVN ,_, redundant_JJ ,_, as_CSA provided_VVN for_IF in_II Clause_NN1 1_MC1 and_CC therefore_RR would_VM not_XX be_VBI affected_VVN by_II Clause_NN1 2_MC ._. ^ |_NULL 5_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL Early_RR in_II November_NPM1 ,_, 1983_MC ,_, General_JJ Motors_NN2 announced_VVD its_APPGE decision_NN1 to_TO close_VVI its_APPGE Petone_NP1 plant_NN1 and_CC its_APPGE Petone_NP1 plant_NN1 employees_NN2 were_VBDR officially_RR notified_VVN of_IO this_DD1 decision_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL On_II November_NPM1 28th_MD ,_, 1983_MC the_AT company_NN1 issued_VVD a_AT1 letter_NN1 to_II all_DB hourly-rated_JJ employees_NN2 which_DDQ provided_VVD further_JJR information_NN1 on_II the_AT phasing_NN1 out_II21 of_II22 the_AT Petone_NP1 operation_NN1 and_CC included_VVD an_AT1 anticipated_JJ time-table_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *3_NULL COMMENT_NN1 :_: ^_NULL *0_NULL General_JJ Motors_NN2 gave_VVD Neilson_NP1 good_JJ reason_NN1 for_IF him_PPHO1 to_TO consider_VVI that_CST he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ to_TO lose_VVI his_APPGE job_NN1 in_II March_NPM1 or_CC June_NPM1 ,_, 1984_MC ,_, by_II its_APPGE announcement_NN1 on_II its_APPGE Petone_NP1 plant_NN1 in_II early_JJ November_NPM1 ,_, 1983_MC ,_, and_CC its_APPGE time-table_NN1 on_II spark_NN1 plugs_NN2 and_CC axle_NN1 production_NN1 in_II its_APPGE letter_NN1 of_IO 28_MC November_NPM1 ,_, 1983_MC ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 284+TEXT+H20_FO **]_NULL ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL Women_NN2 are_VBR more_RGR likely_JJ to_TO be_VBI church_NN1 members_NN2 than_CSN men_NN2 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Nearly_RR 40%_NNU of_IO parents_NN2 have_VH0 no_AT formal_JJ educational_JJ qualifications_NN2 although_CS most_DAT have_VH0 at_RR21 least_RR22 1_MC1 year_NNT1 at_II high_JJ school_NN1 (_( see_VV0 Table_NN1 5_MC )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL About_RG forty_MC percent_NNU of_IO the_AT men_NN2 but_CCB only_JJ 28%_NNU of_IO the_AT women_NN2 have_VH0 gained_VVN additional_JJ qualifications_NN2 since_II leaving_VVG school_NN1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Over_RG eighty_MC percent_NNU of_IO the_AT men_NN2 are_VBR in_II full-time_JJ employment_NN1 and_CC twenty_MC percent_NNU of_IO the_AT women_NN2 (_( see_VV0 Table_NN1 6_MC )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL About_RG half_DB the_AT women_NN2 are_VBR in_II part-time_JJ employment_NN1 and_CC about_RG a_AT1 quarter_NN1 ,_, engaged_JJ full-time_JJ in_II looking_VVG after_II a_AT1 home_NN1 and_CC family_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT data_NN on_II socio-economic_JJ status_NN1 of_IO the_AT sample_NN1 (_( see_VV0 Table_NN1 7_MC )_) generally_RR show_VV0 more_DAR families_NN2 in_II class_NN1 2_MC and_CC fewer_DAR in_II classes_NN2 5_MC and_CC 6_MC compared_VVD either_DD1 with_IW the_AT typical_JJ urban_JJ male_JJ sample_NN1 cited_VVD by_II Elley_NP1 and_CC Irving_NP1 (_( 1976_MC )_) ,_, or_CC with_IW the_AT total_JJ male_JJ labour_NN1 force_NN1 sample_NN1 based_VVN on_II 1981_MC census_NN1 (_( Elley_NP1 &_CC Irving_NP1 ,_, 1985_MC )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT reasons_NN2 for_IF this_DD1 are_VBR probably_RR that_CST by_II this_DD1 point_NN1 in_II their_APPGE lives_NN2 ,_, most_DAT of_IO the_AT fathers_NN2 have_VH0 moved_VVN into_II more_RGR responsible_JJ and_CC managerial_JJ positions_NN2 than_CSN they_PPHS2 held_VVD when_RRQ they_PPHS2 were_VBDR younger_JJR ._. ^ ^_NULL Thus_RR any_DD sample_NN1 of_IO parents_NN2 of_IO 11-13_MCMC year_NNT1 old_JJ children_NN2 are_VBR likely_JJ to_TO be_VBI atypical_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL However_RR ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ also_RR possible_JJ that_CST replies_NN2 are_VBR more_RGR likely_JJ to_TO have_VHI come_VVN from_II those_DD2 who_PNQS are_VBR better_RRR educated_VVN and_CC hence_RR in_II the_AT higher_JJR {_NULL S.E.S._NP1 }_NULL positions_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT women_NN2 's_GE {_NULL S.E.S._NP1 }_NULL status_NN1 is_VBZ generally_RR lower_JJR than_CSN that_DD1 of_IO the_AT men_NN2 reflecting_VVG the_AT nature_NN1 of_IO the_AT society_NN ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL *<_NULL *2_NULL SUMMARY_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT children_NN2 in_II this_DD1 sample_NN1 usually_RR live_VV0 with_IW their_APPGE mother_NN1 ,_, father_NN1 and_CC brothers_NN2 or_CC sisters_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT parents_NN2 are_VBR usually_RR pakeha_NP1 and_CC are_VBR either_RR non-church_JJ members_NN2 or_CC affiliated_VVD to_II one_MC1 of_IO the_AT three_MC major_JJ protestant_JJ religions_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ a_AT1 spread_NN1 of_IO education_NN1 and_CC socio-economic_JJ status_NN1 but_CCB most_DAT of_IO the_AT fathers_NN2 hold_VV0 middle-class_JJ jobs_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Typically_RR the_AT mother_NN1 is_VBZ at_II home_NN1 or_CC in_II part-time_JJ employment_NN1 while_CS the_AT father_NN1 is_VBZ employed_VVN full-time_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Although_CS the_AT sample_NN1 is_VBZ probably_RR fairly_RR typical_JJ of_IO the_AT parents_NN2 of_IO Form_NN1 *=_NULL I_ZZ1 and_CC *=_NULL II_MC children_NN2 over_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 as_II a_AT1 whole_NN1 ,_, many_DA2 schools_NN2 will_VM have_VHI quite_RG different_JJ parent_NN1 populations_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Thus_RR analyses_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN done_VDN to_TO compare_VVI responses_NN2 from_II parents_NN2 with_IW different_JJ background_NN1 characteristics_NN2 and_CC these_DD2 are_VBR presented_VVN throughout_II the_AT text_NN1 when_RRQ the_AT differences_NN2 prove_VV0 important_JJ ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL The_AT Consultation_NN1 Procedure_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Information_NN1 on_II the_AT consultation_NN1 procedure_NN1 comes_VVZ from_II three_MC sources_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT health_NN1 co-ordinators_NN2 and_CC principals_NN2 completed_VVD diaries_NN2 indicating_VVG the_AT nature_NN1 of_IO the_AT arrangements_NN2 they_PPHS2 made_VVD and_CC their_APPGE meetings_NN2 with_IW individual_JJ members_NN2 of_IO the_AT public_NN ,_, and_CC both_DB2 teachers_NN2 and_CC parents_NN2 were_VBDR asked_VVN their_APPGE opinions_NN2 of_IO the_AT process_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *2_NULL MEETINGS_NN2 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL All_DB schools_NN2 held_VVD at_RR21 least_RR22 one_MC1 meeting_NN1 to_TO inform_VVI parents_NN2 of_IO the_AT nature_NN1 of_IO the_AT unit_NN1 and_CC to_TO give_VVI them_PPHO2 an_AT1 opportunity_NN1 to_TO express_VVI opinions_NN2 and_CC ask_VVI questions_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Some_DD schools_NN2 held_VVD up_RG21 to_RG22 4_MC meetings_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT average_JJ duration_NN1 was_VBDZ about_II one_MC1 and_CC half_DB hours_NNT2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Attendance_NN1 differed_VVD widely_RR from_II school_NN1 to_II school_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL More_DAR parents_NN2 attended_VVD in_II the_AT Christchurch_NP1 area_NN1 than_CSN in_II Porirua_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Overall_RR the_AT average_JJ attendance_NN1 was_VBDZ reported_VVN to_TO be_VBI about_II 20%_NNU or_CC more_DAR of_IO the_AT parents_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL All_DB health_NN1 co-ordinators_NN2 reported_VVD the_AT outcome_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 meetings_NN2 as_CSA either_DD1 *"_" satisfactory_JJ **"_" (_( 29%_NNU )_) or_CC *"_" very_RG satisfactory_JJ **"_" (_( 71%_NNU )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL Comments_NN2 were_VBDR made_VVN on_II *"_" the_AT openness_NN1 of_IO the_AT parents_NN2 and_CC teachers_NN2 **"_" and_CC *"_" willingness_NN1 to_TO listen_VVI to_II other_JJ people_NN 's_GE point_NN1 of_IO view_NN1 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL Most_DAT of_IO the_AT parents_NN2 who_PNQS attended_VVD either_DD1 already_RR supported_VVD the_AT introduction_NN1 of_IO the_AT unit_NN1 or_CC were_VBDR undecided_JJ and_CC wanted_VVD more_DAR information_NN1 or_CC to_TO compare_VVI their_APPGE opinions_NN2 with_IW those_DD2 of_IO other_JJ parents_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ little_JJ or_CC no_AT opposition_NN1 to_II the_AT introduction_NN1 of_IO the_AT unit_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Sometimes_RT a_AT1 school_NN1 mentioned_VVD a_AT1 particular_JJ parent_NN1 in_II a_AT1 way_NN1 that_CST indicated_VVD that_CST vocal_JJ opposition_NN1 was_VBDZ an_AT1 unusual_JJ occurrence_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Votes_NN2 were_VBDR taken_VVN at_II meetings_NN2 in_RP about_RG half_DB the_AT schools_NN2 and_CC in_II all_DB cases_NN2 were_VBDR in_II31 favour_II32 of_II33 the_AT unit_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL About_II 40%_NNU of_IO the_AT parents_NN2 who_PNQS replied_VVD to_II the_AT questionnaires_NN2 said_VVD they_PPHS2 had_VHD attended_VVN the_AT meetings_NN2 about_II the_AT unit_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Those_DD2 who_PNQS attended_VVD found_VVN the_AT meetings_NN2 helpful_JJ (_( mean_JJ =_FO 1.64_MC on_II a_AT1 scale_NN1 from_II 1_MC1 *"_" very_RG helpful_JJ **"_" to_II 5_MC *"_" very_RG unhelpful_JJ **"_" )_) rating_VVG them_PPHO2 as_II the_AT most_RGT helpful_JJ of_IO all_DB the_AT various_JJ sources_NN2 of_IO information_NN1 available_JJ to_II them_PPHO2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Several_DA2 people_NN who_PNQS were_VBDR unable_JJ to_TO attend_VVI meetings_NN2 commented_VVD on_II their_APPGE regret_NN1 at_II having_VHG missed_VVN the_AT opportunity_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL These_DD2 results_NN2 from_II the_AT parents_NN2 '_GE questionnaire_NN1 confirm_VV0 the_AT view_NN1 of_IO those_DD2 who_PNQS arranged_VVD the_AT meetings_NN2 ._. ^ *<_NULL *2_NULL OTHER_JJ MEANS_NN OF_IO CONSULTATION_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL All_DB schools_NN2 kept_VVD parents_NN2 informed_VVN of_IO issues_NN2 related_VVN to_II the_AT unit_NN1 by_II31 means_II32 of_II33 newsletters_NN2 and_CC special_JJ notices_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL At_RR21 least_RR22 half_DB of_IO the_AT schools_NN2 sent_VVD out_RP photostat_NN1 copies_NN2 of_IO sections_NN2 of_IO the_AT teaching_NN1 programme_NN1 outlining_VVG the_AT course_NN1 content_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II two_MC schools_NN2 ,_, members_NN2 of_IO the_AT school_NN1 council_NNJ phoned_VVD all_DB parents_NN2 informing_VVG them_PPHO2 of_IO meetings_NN2 or_CC soliciting_VVG their_APPGE opinions_NN2 on_II the_AT introduction_NN1 of_IO the_AT unit_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 subsequent_JJ meeting_NN1 of_IO one_MC1 of_IO these_DD2 schools_NN2 resulted_VVD in_II 68_MC parents_NN2 attending_VVG ._. ^ ^_NULL At_II the_AT other_JJ school_NN1 ,_, only_RR 2_MC parents_NN2 attended_VVD but_CCB this_DD1 school_NN1 had_VHD previously_RR contacted_VVN all_DB parents_NN2 to_TO ask_VVI their_APPGE opinion_NN1 about_II introducing_VVG the_AT unit_NN1 and_CC had_VHD received_VVN *"_" overwhelming_JJ support_NN1 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL Thus_RR lack_NN1 of_IO attendance_NN1 can_VM not_XX always_RR be_VBI interpreted_VVN as_CSA implying_VVG opposition_NN1 or_CC indifference_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Consultations_NN2 between_II the_AT school_NN1 and_CC individual_JJ parents_NN2 numbered_VVD only_RR 3_MC or_CC 4_MC per_II school_NN1 according_II21 to_II22 the_AT returned_JJ diaries_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL However_RRQV discussions_NN2 with_IW the_AT health_NN1 co-ordinators_NN2 suggested_VVD that_CST this_DD1 figure_NN1 under-represents_VVZ the_AT actual_JJ number_NN1 of_IO informal_JJ consultations_NN2 which_DDQ often_RR occurred_VVD between_II parents_NN2 and_CC individual_JJ teachers_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II nearly_RR all_DB cases_NN2 the_AT individual_JJ approaches_NN2 made_VVN to_II the_AT school_NN1 were_VBDR for_IF more_DAR information_NN1 about_II the_AT unit_NN1 or_CC clarification_NN1 on_II school_NN1 policy_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 very_RG small_JJ number_NN1 of_IO parents_NN2 (_( 5_MC )_) contacted_VVD the_AT school_NN1 to_TO record_VVI their_APPGE opposition_NN1 to_II the_AT introduction_NN1 of_IO the_AT unit_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II these_DD2 cases_NN2 ,_, the_AT parents_NN2 expressed_VVD reasoned_JJ opinions_NN2 rather_CS21 than_CS22 anger_VVI or_CC indignation_NN1 directed_VVN towards_II the_AT school_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_RP about_RG three_MC quarters_NN2 of_IO the_AT cases_NN2 where_RRQ parents_NN2 approached_VVD the_AT school_NN1 ,_, the_AT health_NN1 co-ordinators_NN2 reported_VVD a_AT1 shift_NN1 towards_II a_AT1 more_RGR positive_JJ response_NN1 to_II the_AT unit_NN1 following_VVG discussion_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Consultation_NN1 with_IW other_JJ members_NN2 of_IO the_AT public_NN and_CC with_IW community_NNJ organisations_NN2 was_VBDZ only_RR reported_VVN by_II two_MC schools_NN2 who_PNQS consulted_VVD church_NN1 leaders_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL However_RRQV the_AT *"_" parent_NN1 **"_" meetings_NN2 were_VBDR sometimes_RT attended_VVN by_II other_JJ members_NN2 of_IO the_AT community_NNJ (_( {_NULL e.g._REX }_NULL newspaper_NN1 reporter_NN1 ,_, local_JJ doctor_NN1 ,_, local_JJ minister_NN1 )_) ._. ^ *<_NULL *2_NULL THE_AT TEACHERS_NN2 '_GE VIEWS_NN2 ON_II THE_AT CONSULTATION_NN1 PROCESS_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Table_NN1 8_MC summarizes_VVZ teachers_NN2 '_GE replies_NN2 to_II the_AT questions_NN2 about_II consultations_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Eighty-six_MC percent_NNU of_IO the_AT teachers_NN2 expressed_VVD very_RG positive_JJ views_NN2 on_II the_AT consultation_NN1 procedure_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Only_RR about_II 5%_NNU of_IO the_AT teachers_NN2 felt_VVD that_DD1 consultation_NN1 could_VM have_VHI been_VBN better_RRR handled_VVN or_CC that_CST more_DAR information_NN1 could_VM have_VHI been_VBN given_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT suggestions_NN2 for_IF improvements_NN2 mostly_RR centre_NN1 on_II giving_VVG more_RRR and/or_CC earlier_JJR information_NN1 although_CS some_DD teachers_NN2 commented_VVD that_CST parents_NN2 were_VBDR n't_XX responding_VVG to_II the_AT opportunities_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Specific_JJ suggestions_NN2 include_VV0 making_VVG sure_JJ all_DB parents_NN2 receive_VV0 an_AT1 outline_NN1 of_IO the_AT lessons_NN2 ,_, visiting_VVG maraes_NN2 ,_, contacting_VVG representatives_NN2 of_IO different_JJ community_NNJ groups_NN2 ,_, teachers_NN2 talking_VVG to_II their_APPGE own_DA pupils_NN2 '_GE parents_NN2 and_CC less_DAR media_NN sensationalism_NN1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL These_DD2 views_NN2 of_IO the_AT teachers_NN2 reflect_VV0 in_II part_NN1 the_AT different_JJ experiences_NN2 of_IO different_JJ schools_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Most_DAT schools_NN2 gave_VVD a_AT1 lot_NN of_IO time_NNT1 and_CC care_NN1 to_II consultation_NN1 and_CC the_AT communities_NNJ2 seem_VV0 to_TO have_VHI responded_VVN with_IW interest_NN1 and_CC support_NN1 for_IF the_AT programme_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL However_RR in_II some_DD areas_NN2 parents_NN2 seemed_VVD unresponsive_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II some_DD communities_NNJ2 the_AT activity_NN1 of_IO pressure_NN1 groups_NN2 resulted_VVD in_II a_DD221 few_DD222 parents_NN2 becoming_VVG alarmed_JJ as_CSA they_PPHS2 had_VHD been_VBN misinformed_VVN about_II the_AT content_NN1 of_IO the_AT unit_NN1 by_II the_AT leaflets_NN2 they_PPHS2 had_VHD received_VVN from_II these_DD2 groups_NN2 ._. ^ *<_NULL *2_NULL THE_AT PARENTS_NN2 '_GE VIEWS_NN2 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Tables_NN2 9_MC and_CC 10_MC summarize_VV0 the_AT results_NN2 of_IO the_AT questions_NN2 on_II parents_NN2 '_GE experiences_NN2 of_IO the_AT consultation_NN1 process_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Again_RT only_RR the_AT *"_" after_JJ **"_" results_NN2 are_VBR given_VVN as_II the_AT consultation_NN1 was_VBDZ still_RR proceeding_VVG in_II some_DD schools_NN2 when_RRQ the_AT *"_" before_RT **"_" data_NN was_VBDZ collected_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL Eighty-four_MC percent_NNU of_IO parents_NN2 felt_VVD they_PPHS2 had_VHD enough_DD information_NN1 having_VHG had_VHN the_AT opportunity_NN1 to_TO attend_VVI 1_MC1 or_CC 2_MC meetings_NN2 plus_II receiving_VVG at_RR21 least_RR22 one_MC1 and_CC usually_RR 2_MC or_CC 3_MC newsletters_NN2 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Only_JJ 2%_NNU reported_VVN not_XX receiving_VVG any_DD newsletters_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Over_RG half_DB the_AT parents_NN2 (_( 58%_NNU )_) reported_VVD talking_VVG to_II other_JJ people_NN about_II the_AT unit_NN1 while_CS almost_RR two_MC thirds_MF (_( 63%_NNU )_) read_VVD or_CC watched_JJ media_NN presentations_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL For_IF those_DD2 who_PNQS attended_VVD them_PPHO2 ,_, the_AT meetings_NN2 were_VBDR rated_VVN as_II the_AT most_RGT helpful_JJ followed_VVN by_II newsletters_NN2 and_CC talking_VVG to_II others_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT media_NN was_VBDZ seen_VVN as_CSA being_VBG the_AT least_RGT helpful_JJ with_IW a_AT1 mean_JJ close_JJ to_II the_AT midpoint_NN1 of_IO the_AT scale_NN1 (_( 2.45_MC )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL Few_DA2 found_VVD the_AT material_NN1 unhelpful_JJ ;_; only_JJ 5%_NNU for_IF meetings_NN2 and_CC 8%_NNU for_IF newsletters_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT most_RGT frequent_JJ suggestions_NN2 for_IF improvements_NN2 were_VBDR to_TO include_VVI details_NN2 of_IO the_AT specific_JJ content_NN1 of_IO the_AT teaching_NN1 unit_NN1 in_II a_AT1 newsletter_NN1 ,_, or_CC to_TO provide_VVI increased_JJ opportunity_NN1 for_IF face-to-face_JJ discussions_NN2 or_CC newsletters_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT media_NN was_VBDZ seen_VVN as_CSA unhelpful_JJ by_II about_II 1_MC1 in_II 8_MC of_IO the_AT parents_NN2 (_( 12.5%_FO )_) ,_, some_DD of_IO whom_PNQO commented_VVD about_II alarmist_NN1 publicity_NN1 which_DDQ did_VDD not_XX match_VVI their_APPGE actual_JJ experience_NN1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Overall_RR the_AT parents_NN2 felt_VVD that_CST the_AT consultation_NN1 was_VBDZ well_RR handled_VVN (_( mean_JJ =_FO 1.98_MC )_) and_CC less_DAR than_CSN 8%_NNU felt_VVD it_PPH1 was_VBDZ poorly_RR handled_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ a_AT1 significant_JJ relationship_NN1 (_( \_NULL r=0.50_FO \_NULL p_ZZ1 <_FO .01_MC )_) between_II opinions_NN2 on_II how_RGQ well_RR the_AT consultation_NN1 had_VHD been_VBN handled_VVN and_CC favourability_NN1 toward_II the_AT unit_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Those_DD2 who_PNQS felt_VVD the_AT consultation_NN1 was_VBDZ poorly_RR handled_VVN were_VBDR usually_RR against_II or_CC neutral_JJ about_II the_AT teaching_NN1 compared_VVN to_II the_AT remaining_JJ 92%_NNU of_IO parents_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Christchurch_NP1 parents_NN2 were_VBDR most_RRT likely_JJ to_TO feel_VVI the_AT consultation_NN1 was_VBDZ well_RR handled_VVN (_( mean_JJ =_FO 1.82_MC )_) while_CS those_DD2 in_II Porirua_NP1 were_VBDR least_RRT positive_JJ (_( mean_JJ =_FO 2.17_MC )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL Perhaps_RR this_DD1 reflects_VVZ the_AT fact_NN1 that_CST more_DAR of_IO the_AT Porirua_NP1 schools_NN2 took_VVD a_AT1 *"_" low_JJ key_JJ **"_" approach_NN1 to_II publicity_NN1 and_CC hence_RR sent_VVN out_RP fewer_DAR newsletters_NN2 and_CC held_VVN fewer_DAR meetings_NN2 than_CSN did_VDD the_AT Christchurch_NP1 schools_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT means_NN for_IF specific_JJ schools_NN2 although_CS always_RR positive_JJ varied_VVD even_RR more_RGR widely_RR (_( from_II 1.66_MC to_II 2.56_MC )_) but_CCB it_PPH1 is_VBZ not_XX clear_JJ why_RRQ this_DD1 should_VM be_VBI so_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL Both_RR the_AT best_JJT and_CC worst_JJT rated_JJ schools_NN2 held_VVD meetings_NN2 and_CC sent_VVD out_RP newsletters_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ possible_JJ that_CST the_AT activity_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 group_NN opposed_VVN to_II the_AT unit_NN1 in_II the_AT area_NN1 of_IO some_DD of_IO the_AT Porirua_NP1 schools_NN2 may_VM have_VHI led_VVN to_II greater_JJR confusion_NN1 for_IF these_DD2 parents_NN2 over_II the_AT contents_NN2 of_IO the_AT unit_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL No_AT other_JJ pattern_NN1 of_IO differences_NN2 between_II the_AT school_NN1 populations_NN2 is_VBZ apparent_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Alternatively_RR it_PPH1 could_VM be_VBI that_CST the_AT quality_NN1 of_IO presentation_NN1 by_II the_AT school_NN1 that_CST is_VBZ a_AT1 key_JJ factor_NN1 ._. ^ **[_NULL sic_RR **]_NULL *<_NULL *2_NULL SUMMARY_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL All_DB schools_NN2 appear_VV0 to_TO have_VHI gone_VVN to_II considerable_JJ lengths_NN2 to_TO inform_VVI and_CC involve_VVI parents_NN2 although_CS the_AT methods_NN2 and_CC the_AT numbers_NN2 of_IO parents_NN2 who_PNQS attended_VVD meetings_NN2 varied_VVD considerably_RR between_II schools_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL While_CS numbers_NN2 of_IO meetings_NN2 ,_, attendance_NN1 rates_NN2 and_CC numbers_NN2 of_IO consultations_NN2 can_VM be_VBI used_VVN as_CSA tangible_JJ evidence_NN1 of_IO the_AT success_NN1 of_IO the_AT consultation_NN1 process_NN1 ,_, this_DD1 is_VBZ not_XX necessarily_RR the_AT case_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Low_JJ attendance_NN1 at_II meetings_NN2 may_VM reflect_VVI parental_JJ confidence_NN1 in_II the_AT teachers_NN2 and_CC the_AT school_NN1 committee_NNJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Sampling_NP1 of_IO parental_JJ opinion_NN1 is_VBZ probably_RR the_AT only_JJ method_NN1 of_IO adequately_RR determining_VVG the_AT effectiveness_NN1 of_IO consultation_NN1 procedures_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL A_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO health_NN1 co-ordinators_NN2 expressed_VVD the_AT view_NN1 that_CST they_PPHS2 adopted_VVD a_AT1 *"_" low_JJ key_JJ approach_NN1 **"_" to_II the_AT unit_NN1 and_CC said_VVD they_PPHS2 did_VDD *"_" not_XX want_VVI to_TO blow_VVI it_PPH1 out_II21 of_II22 proportion_NN1 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT view_NN1 that_CST *"_" if_CS the_AT unit_NN1 is_VBZ very_RG widely_RR publicised_VVN ,_, concerns_NN2 and_CC fears_NN2 will_VM increase_VVI **"_" ,_, may_VM be_VBI a_AT1 valid_JJ one_PN1 providing_CS it_PPH1 does_VDZ not_XX conflict_VVI with_IW ensuring_VVG that_CST parents_NN2 are_VBR well_RR informed_VVN about_II the_AT school_NN1 's_VHZ plans_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Certainly_RR those_DD2 schools_NN2 who_PNQS made_VVD a_AT1 considerable_JJ effort_NN1 to_TO reach_VVI everyone_PN1 seem_VV0 to_TO have_VHI been_VBN rewarded_VVN with_IW parental_JJ support_NN1 and_CC interest_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL From_II the_AT data_NN available_JJ and_CC impressions_NN2 gained_VVD from_II interviewing_VVG co-ordinators_NN2 it_PPH1 appears_VVZ that_CST schools_NN2 have_VH0 adopted_VVN a_AT1 consultation_NN1 procedure_NN1 to_TO suit_VVI the_AT particular_JJ needs_NN2 of_IO the_AT parents_NN2 and_CC the_AT community_NNJ they_PPHS2 serve_VV0 ._. ^ ^_NULL Criticism_NN1 and_CC concerns_NN2 coming_VVG to_II the_AT notice_NN1 of_IO the_AT school_NN1 were_VBDR very_RG few_DA2 in_II number_NN1 and_CC were_VBDR dealt_VVN with_IW as_CSA they_PPHS2 arose_VVD with_IW positive_JJ outcomes_NN2 in_II all_RR21 but_RR22 one_MC1 case_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL In-Service_NP1 Training_NN1 of_IO Teachers_NN2 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Information_NN1 on_II in-service_JJ training_NN1 comes_VVZ from_II the_AT Principals_NN2 '_" /_FO Health_NN1 co-ordinators_NN2 '_GE diaries_NN2 and_CC from_II the_AT teacher_NN1 questionnaires_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Schools_NN2 differed_VVD in_II the_AT arrangements_NN2 they_PPHS2 made_VVD for_IF training_VVG teachers_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Some_DD had_VHD all_DB day_NNT1 seminars_NN2 ,_, others_NN2 had_VHD a_AT1 large_JJ number_NN1 of_IO shorter_JJR meetings_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Initially_RR the_AT meetings_NN2 were_VBDR to_TO familiarize_VVI teachers_NN2 with_IW the_AT content_NN1 of_IO the_AT unit_NN1 and_CC the_AT consultation_NN1 procedures_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Later_RRR the_AT emphasis_NN1 was_VBDZ on_II strategies_NN2 for_IF teaching_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Most_DAT of_IO the_AT schools_NN2 in_II the_AT trial_NN1 used_VVD in-service_JJ training_NN1 time_NNT1 in_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO complete_VVI the_AT training_NN1 module_NN1 designed_VVD to_TO accompany_VVI the_AT unit_NN1 (_( see_VV0 Appendix_NN1 A_ZZ1 )_) ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Table_NN1 11_MC presents_NN2 the_AT data_NN from_II the_AT teachers_NN2 '_GE questionnaires_NN2 on_II their_APPGE experience_NN1 of_IO the_AT training_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT figures_NN2 from_II the_AT *"_" after_JJ **"_" sample_NN1 have_VH0 been_VBN quoted_VVN as_CSA this_DD1 represents_VVZ most_DAT of_IO the_AT teachers_NN2 involved_VVN and_CC is_VBZ also_RR more_RGR accurate_JJ as_CSA some_DD of_IO *"_" before_II **"_" sample_NN1 teachers_NN2 replied_VVD before_II the_AT in-service_JJ training_NN1 was_VBDZ complete_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Eighty-eight_MC percent_NNU completed_VVN all_DB four_MC of_IO the_AT in-service_JJ training_NN1 tasks_NN2 ,_, spending_VVG about_RG 6_MC hours_NNT2 on_II the_AT tasks_NN2 and_CC rating_VVG them_PPHO2 on_II average_NN1 as_CSA satisfactory_JJ ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 285+TEXT+H21_FO **]_NULL ^ __NULL |_NULL *-_- ^_NULL *0_NULL Problems_NN2 resulted_VVD from_II overtiredness_NN1 of_IO Civil_JJ Defence_NN1 officers_NN2 working_VVG in_II the_AT operations_NN2 headquarters_NN ._. ^ |_NULL *-_- ^_NULL All_DB key_JJ Civil_JJ Defence_NN1 personnel_NN2 should_VM have_VHI at_RR21 least_RR22 one_MC1 deputy_NN1 who_PNQS can_VM take_VVI over_RP their_APPGE positions_NN2 when_RRQ they_PPHS2 need_VV0 rest_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL *-_- ^_NULL Stress_NN1 was_VBDZ not_XX a_AT1 serious_JJ problem_NN1 among_II relief_NN1 personnel_NN2 from_II other_JJ organisations_NN2 ._. ^ *<_NULL 3.5.4_MC *1_NULL Reactions_NN2 to_II Flood_NN1 Relief_NN1 Workers_NN2 From_II Other_JJ Regions_NN2 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Following_VVG some_DD overseas_JJ disasters_NN2 it_PPH1 has_VHZ been_VBN observed_VVN that_CST there_EX has_VHZ not_XX been_VBN a_AT1 ready_JJ acceptance_NN1 of_IO disaster_NN1 relief_NN1 workers_NN2 from_II other_JJ districts_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT reactions_NN2 from_II both_DB2 those_DD2 affected_VVN by_II the_AT disaster_NN1 and_CC local_JJ relief_NN1 workers_NN2 is_VBZ said_VVN to_TO range_VVI from_II suspicion_NN1 and_CC resentment_NN1 to_TO open_VVI hostility_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Civil_JJ Defence_NN1 personnel_NN2 are_VBR aware_JJ of_IO the_AT potential_NN1 for_IF problems_NN2 of_IO this_DD1 type_NN1 and_CC it_PPH1 is_VBZ apparent_JJ that_CST the_AT Civil_JJ Defence_NN1 officers_NN2 who_PNQS came_VVD to_II Southland_NP1 from_II other_JJ regions_NN2 were_VBDR tactful_JJ and_CC sensitive_JJ in_II their_APPGE approach_NN1 to_II the_AT local_JJ relief_NN1 workers_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 came_VVD not_XX to_TO take_VVI over_RP but_CCB merely_RR to_TO advise_VVI and_CC assist_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL Consequently_NP1 ,_, they_PPHS2 do_VD0 not_XX appear_VVI to_TO have_VHI received_VVN any_DD adverse_JJ reactions_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Similarly_RR ,_, members_NN2 of_IO other_JJ emergency_NN1 services_NN2 appear_VV0 to_TO have_VHI been_VBN accepted_VVN by_II the_AT locals_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX were_VBDR no_AT problems_NN2 reported_VVN in_II31 relation_II32 to_II33 the_AT army_NNJ 's_GE deployment_NN1 in_II Invercargill_NP1 ,_, the_AT sailors_NN2 who_PNQS volunteered_VVD to_TO help_VVI clean_JJ up_RP after_II the_AT floods_NN2 ,_, Invercargill_NP1 police_NN2 who_PNQS helped_VVD patrol_NN1 at_II Otautau_NP1 ,_, and_CC the_AT Red_NP Cross_NNL1 teams_NN2 from_II Timaru_NP1 and_CC Dunedin_NP1 who_PNQS played_VVD a_AT1 large_JJ part_NN1 at_II Otautau_NP1 and_CC Tuatapere_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Apart_II21 from_II22 the_AT acceptance_NN1 of_IO those_DD2 in_II Civil_JJ Defence_NN1 or_CC the_AT other_JJ emergency_NN1 services_NN2 ,_, there_EX were_VBDR a_DD221 few_DD222 instances_NN2 where_RRQ local_JJ relief_NN1 workers_NN2 were_VBDR initially_RR unwelcoming_VVG to_II relief_NN1 workers_NN2 from_II other_JJ areas_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL However_RR ,_, this_DD1 was_VBDZ never_RR a_AT1 serious_JJ problem_NN1 and_CC was_VBDZ mitigated_VVN by_II the_AT fact_NN1 that_CST all_DB of_IO the_AT relief_NN1 workers_NN2 brought_VVN into_II the_AT area_NN1 had_VHD previously_RR lived_VVN in_II Invercargill_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II31 spite_II32 of_II33 this_DD1 minor_JJ problem_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 was_VBDZ the_AT opinion_NN1 of_IO all_DB the_AT relief_NN1 workers_NN2 consulted_VVD ,_, that_CST even_CS21 if_CS22 the_AT non-local_JJ relief_NN1 workers_NN2 had_VHD been_VBN completely_RR new_JJ to_II the_AT area_NN1 ,_, there_EX would_VM not_XX have_VHI been_VBN a_AT1 strong_JJ negative_JJ reaction_NN1 to_II them_PPHO2 ._. ^ *<_NULL *1_NULL Conclusion_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL *-_- **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL There_EX were_VBDR no_AT significant_JJ problems_NN2 resulting_VVG from_II negative_JJ reactions_NN2 to_II relief_NN1 workers_NN2 brought_VVD in_RP from_II other_JJ districts_NN2 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL *<_NULL 3.5.5_MC *1_NULL Convergence_NP1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL A_AT1 common_JJ problem_NN1 following_VVG disasters_NN2 ,_, now_RT labelled_VVD *'_" convergence_NN1 **'_" is_VBZ that_CST a_AT1 massive_JJ in-pouring_NN1 of_IO food_NN1 and_CC other_JJ material_NN1 donated_VVD by_II other_JJ districts_NN2 swamps_VVZ the_AT agencies_NN2 involved_JJ in_II relief_NN1 work_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL These_DD2 agencies_NN2 are_VBR then_RT forced_VVN to_TO spend_VVI valuable_JJ time_NNT1 sorting_VVG ,_, storing_VVG and_CC distributing_VVG these_DD2 largely_RR non-essential_JJ goods_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Civil_JJ Defence_NN1 personnel_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN aware_JJ of_IO this_DD1 problem_NN1 for_IF some_DD time_NNT1 and_CC there_EX is_VBZ also_RR a_AT1 growing_JJ awareness_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 in_II the_AT general_JJ population_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Even_RR21 so_RR22 ,_, this_DD1 phenomenon_NN1 was_VBDZ not_XX entirely_RR avoided_VVN following_VVG the_AT Southland_NP1 Floods_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, a_AT1 container-load_NN1 of_IO onions_NN2 arrived_VVN from_II Pukekohe_NP1 ,_, truck-loads_NN2 of_IO over-ripe_JJ fruit_NN came_VVD from_II central_JJ Otago_NP1 ,_, and_CC piles_NN2 of_IO old_JJ clothing_NN1 ,_, sometimes_RT hardly_RR better_RRR than_CSN rags_VVZ ,_, arrived_VVN from_II a_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO places_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Some_DD of_IO these_DD2 goods_NN2 were_VBDR delivered_VVN to_II central_JJ depots_NN2 and_CC sometimes_RT they_PPHS2 were_VBDR delivered_VVN directly_RR to_II church_NN1 and_CC other_JJ agencies_NN2 involved_JJ in_II relief_NN1 work_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT occurrence_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 problem_NN1 following_VVG the_AT Southland_NP1 Floods_NN2 shows_VVZ that_CST it_PPH1 will_VM be_VBI necessary_JJ after_II future_JJ disasters_NN2 to_TO broadcast_VVI nationwide_JJ statements_NN2 specifying_VVG whether_CSW donations_NN2 should_VM be_VBI made_VVN and_CC the_AT kind_NN1 of_IO donations_NN2 required_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL Usually_RR the_AT resources_NN2 in_II or_CC near_II the_AT affected_JJ areas_NN2 will_VM be_VBI adequate_JJ to_TO cope_VVI with_IW the_AT emergency_NN1 requirements_NN2 for_IF food_NN1 and_CC clothing_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Apart_II21 from_II22 those_DD2 donating_JJ money_NN1 ,_, potential_JJ donors_NN2 should_VM contact_VVI those_DD2 in_II31 charge_II32 of_II33 the_AT relief_NN1 work_VV0 to_TO find_VVI out_RP which_DDQ goods_NN2 are_VBR required_VVN ._. ^ *<_NULL *1_NULL Conclusions_NN2 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL *-_- **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Some_DD problems_NN2 resulted_VVD from_II the_AT arrival_NN1 of_IO donated_JJ food_NN1 and_CC clothing_NN1 and_CC other_JJ goods_NN2 in_II the_AT flood-affected_JJ areas_NN2 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL *-_- **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL Following_VVG future_JJ disasters_NN2 clear_JJ statements_NN2 designed_VVD to_TO prevent_VVI the_AT unsolicited_JJ donation_NN1 of_IO unwanted_JJ goods_NN2 should_VM be_VBI broadcast_VVN nationwide_RL ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL *<_NULL 3.5.6_MC *1_NULL Co-ordination_NN1 of_IO Flood_NN1 Relief_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT co-ordination_NN1 of_IO services_NN2 provided_VVN by_II all_DB the_AT agencies_NN2 involved_JJ in_II relief_NN1 work_NN1 was_VBDZ not_XX fully_RR investigated_VVN during_II this_DD1 exercise_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL (_( An_AT1 attempt_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN made_VVN in_II Appendix_NN1 2_MC to_TO list_VVI most_DAT of_IO these_DD2 agencies_NN2 and_CC the_AT services_NN2 provided_VVN )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ not_XX possible_JJ ,_, therefore_RR ,_, to_TO make_VVI a_AT1 complete_JJ evaluation_NN1 of_IO the_AT success_NN1 or_CC otherwise_RR of_IO the_AT structures_NN2 established_VVD to_TO co-ordinate_VVI relief_NN1 activity_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL However_RR ,_, the_AT impression_NN1 gained_VVD at_II this_DD1 stage_NN1 is_VBZ that_CST ,_, generally_RR ,_, co-ordination_NN1 was_VBDZ successful_JJ but_CCB there_EX were_VBDR some_DD relatively_RR minor_JJ problems_NN2 ,_, or_CC hints_NN2 of_IO problems_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ will_VM be_VBI discussed_VVN here_RL ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Initially_RR following_VVG the_AT floods_NN2 ,_, in_II31 accordance_II32 with_II33 the_AT normal_JJ Civil_JJ Defence_NN1 procedures_NN2 ,_, relief_NN1 work_NN1 in_II Invercargill_NP1 was_VBDZ initiated_VVN and_CC controlled_VVN from_II the_AT operations_NN2 headquarters_NN by_II the_AT Chief_JJ Welfare_NN1 Officer_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 had_VHD responsibility_NN1 for_IF the_AT running_NN1 of_IO the_AT evacuation_NN1 centres_NN2 ;_; registration_NN1 of_IO ,_, and_CC enquiries_NN2 relating_VVG to_RP ,_, flood-displaced_JJ people_NN ;_; clothing_NN1 ;_; accommodation_NN1 ;_; catering_NN1 ;_; and_CC personal_JJ services_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 last_MD category_NN1 includes_VVZ any_DD welfare_NN1 activity_NN1 not_XX listed_VVN in_II the_AT other_JJ categories_NN2 ,_, {_NULL e.g._REX }_NULL financial_JJ aid_NN1 ,_, counselling_NN1 services_NN2 ,_, legal_JJ advice_NN1 ,_, \_NULL etc_RA ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Within_II days_NNT2 of_IO the_AT floods_NN2 a_AT1 Disaster_NN1 Recovery_NN1 Co-ordinator_NN1 was_VBDZ appointed_VVN ,_, the_AT first_MD such_DA appointment_NN1 to_TO be_VBI made_VVN in_II this_DD1 country_NN1 since_CS it_PPH1 was_VBDZ made_VVN possible_JJ by_II a_AT1 change_NN1 in_II legislation_NN1 in_II 1983_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL His_APPGE task_NN1 was_VBDZ to_TO co-ordinate_VVI the_AT flood_NN1 recovery_NN1 and_CC to_TO ensure_VVI a_AT1 smooth_JJ transition_NN1 bridging_VVG the_AT periods_NN2 before_II and_CC after_II the_AT lifting_NN1 of_IO the_AT State_NN1 of_IO Emergency_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Approximately_RR one_MC1 and_CC a_AT1 half_DB weeks_NNT2 after_II his_APPGE appointment_NN1 he_PPHS1 established_VVD a_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO subcommittees_NNJ2 which_DDQ largely_RR reflected_VVD the_AT activities_NN2 which_DDQ were_VBDR already_RR in_II operation_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Each_DD1 committee_NNJ looked_VVD after_II one_MC1 of_IO the_AT following_JJ :_: welfare_NN1 ,_, furniture_NN1 ,_, clothing_NN1 ,_, food_NN1 ,_, toys_NN2 ,_, and_CC housing_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT State_NN1 of_IO Emergency_NN1 was_VBDZ not_XX lifted_VVN until_II a_AT1 week_NNT1 after_II the_AT formation_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 subcommittees_NNJ2 so_CS21 that_CS22 for_IF a_AT1 week_NNT1 there_EX was_VBDZ some_DD overlap_NN1 between_II their_APPGE activities_NN2 and_CC those_DD2 directed_VVN from_II the_AT Civil_JJ Defence_NN1 Headquarters_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 has_VHZ been_VBN suggested_VVN that_CST this_DD1 caused_VVD problems_NN2 in_II co-ordination_NN1 and_CC that_CST there_EX were_VBDR some_DD difficulties_NN2 associated_VVN with_IW the_AT transferral_NN1 of_IO information_NN1 to_II the_AT subcommittees_NNJ2 following_VVG the_AT lifting_NN1 of_IO the_AT State_NN1 of_IO Emergency_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL As_CSA this_DD1 was_VBDZ not_XX investigated_VVN further_RRR during_II this_DD1 exercise_NN1 ,_, no_AT further_JJR comment_NN1 is_VBZ possible_JJ on_II the_AT validity_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 claims_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX were_VBDR reports_NN2 of_IO some_DD duplication_NN1 of_IO welfare_NN1 services_NN2 but_CCB at_II this_DD1 stage_NN1 it_PPH1 is_VBZ not_XX known_VVN whether_CSW this_DD1 resulted_VVD from_II a_AT1 possible_JJ lack_NN1 of_IO co-ordination_NN1 between_II Civil_JJ Defence_NN1 Headquarters_NN and_CC others_NN2 supervising_VVG welfare_NN1 relief_NN1 ,_, or_CC from_II charitable_JJ groups_NN2 and_CC service_NN1 organisations_NN2 initiating_VVG activity_NN1 without_IW reference_NN1 to_II a_AT1 central_JJ authority_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Whatever_DDQV the_AT cause_NN1 ,_, there_EX appeared_VVD to_TO be_VBI many_DA2 groups_NN2 involved_JJ in_II visiting_VVG homes_NN2 in_II the_AT areas_NN2 where_CS there_EX was_VBDZ the_AT heaviest_JJT concentrations_NN2 of_IO flooded_JJ houses_NN2 :_: health_NN1 nurses_NN2 ,_, members_NN2 of_IO the_AT Women_NN2 's_GE Division_NNJ of_IO Federated_JJ Farmers_NP1 ,_, church_NN1 members_NN2 ,_, volunteer_NN1 social_JJ workers_NN2 and_CC others_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ claimed_VVN that_CST flood-displaced_JJ people_NN were_VBDR annoyed_VVN by_II the_AT frequency_NN1 with_IW which_DDQ they_PPHS2 were_VBDR visited_VVN by_II relief_NN1 workers_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Counter-claims_NN2 were_VBDR made_VVN that_CST flood-displaced_JJ people_NN always_RR appreciated_VVD being_VBG visited_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT flood-displaced_JJ people_NN interviewed_VVD during_II this_DD1 investigation_NN1 generally_RR supported_VVD the_AT latter_DA of_IO these_DD2 two_MC views_NN2 :_: only_RR one_MC1 person_NN1 complained_VVD about_II the_AT frequency_NN1 of_IO visits_NN2 which_DDQ he_PPHS1 said_VVD interfered_VVN with_IW his_APPGE work_NN1 on_II his_APPGE house_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Although_CS the_AT flood-displaced_JJ people_NN did_VDD not_XX generally_RR appear_VVI to_TO resent_VVI being_VBG visited_VVN by_II relief_NN1 workers_NN2 from_II different_JJ organisations_NN2 ,_, there_EX are_VBR other_JJ potential_JJ problems_NN2 associated_VVN with_IW this_DD1 activity_NN1 which_DDQ suggest_VV0 the_AT need_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 reasonable_JJ level_NN1 of_IO co-ordination_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL These_DD2 problems_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN mentioned_VVN earlier_RRR in_II other_JJ contexts_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL First_MD ,_, an_AT1 excess_NN1 of_IO assistance_NN1 might_VM be_VBI given_VVN to_II one_MC1 affected_JJ area_NN1 while_CS other_JJ areas_NN2 are_VBR comparatively_RR neglected_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL Secondly_RR ,_, untrained_JJ volunteers_NN2 need_VV0 qualified_JJ supervisors_NN2 to_II whom_PNQO cases_NN2 can_VM be_VBI referred_VVN for_IF assessment_NN1 where_CS some_DD sort_NN1 of_IO professional_JJ help_NN1 or_CC crisis_NN1 intervention_NN1 is_VBZ indicated_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL Without_IW co-ordination_NN1 such_DA supervision_NN1 might_VM not_XX be_VBI available_JJ and_CC in_II these_DD2 circumstances_NN2 it_PPH1 has_VHZ been_VBN observed_VVN that_CST untrained_JJ volunteers_NN2 sometimes_RT over-estimate_VV0 the_AT need_NN1 for_IF professional_JJ intervention_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Civil_JJ Defence_NN1 established_VVN for_IF a_AT1 time_NNT1 the_AT position_NN1 of_IO Co-ordinator_NN1 of_IO Counselling_NN1 Services_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT person_NN1 occupying_VVG the_AT position_NN1 adopted_VVD the_AT role_NN1 of_IO liaising_VVG with_IW the_AT churches_NN2 ,_, service_NN1 agencies_NN2 and_CC other_JJ charitable_JJ groups_NN2 and_CC encouraged_VVD them_PPHO2 to_TO assist_VVI in_II whatever_DDQV capacity_NN1 they_PPHS2 were_VBDR happy_JJ with_IW ,_, {_NULL i.e._REX }_NULL *'_" to_TO do_VDI their_APPGE own_DA thing_NN1 **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ a_AT1 minimum_NN1 of_IO interference_NN1 in_II the_AT activities_NN2 commenced_VVD by_II these_DD2 groups_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL With_IW hindsight_NN1 it_PPH1 seems_VVZ that_CST there_EX may_VM have_VHI been_VBN a_AT1 need_NN1 for_IF a_RR21 little_RR22 more_DAR co-ordination_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 activities_NN2 by_II some_DD centralised_JJ body_NN1 ,_, perhaps_RR through_II the_AT earlier_JJR establishment_NN of_IO the_AT Welfare_NN1 Subcommittee_NNJ rather_II21 than_II22 a_AT1 temporary_JJ Civil_JJ Defence_NN1 position_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL That_DD1 there_EX was_VBDZ insufficient_JJ liaison_NN1 with_IW Otautau_NP1 and_CC Tuatapere_NP1 was_VBDZ discussed_VVN earlier_RRR in_II Section_NN1 3.4.2_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 caused_VVD problems_NN2 in_II co-ordination_NN1 of_IO services_NN2 on_II the_AT regional_JJ level_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, there_EX were_VBDR complaints_NN2 that_CST the_AT Furniture_NN1 Subcommittee_NNJ ,_, which_DDQ arranged_VVD the_AT supply_NN1 of_IO new_JJ and_CC used_JJ furniture_NN1 to_II flood-displaced_JJ people_NN ,_, serviced_VVD only_RR the_AT Invercargill_NP1 area_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ clear_JJ that_CST all_DB disaster_NN1 flood_NN1 committees_NNJ2 and_CC subcommittees_NNJ2 should_VM in_II future_NN1 have_VH0 representatives_NN2 from_II all_DB affected_JJ towns_NN2 unless_CS the_AT number_NN1 of_IO people_NN affected_VVN does_VDZ not_XX warrant_VVI this_DD1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *1_NULL Conclusions_NN2 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL *-_- **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ alleged_VVN that_CST some_DD problems_NN2 resulted_VVD from_II a_AT1 lack_NN1 of_IO co-ordination_NN1 between_II Civil_JJ Defence_NN1 Headquarters_NN and_CC other_JJ persons_NN2 supervising_VVG relief_NN1 work_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Further_JJR investigation_NN1 would_VM be_VBI needed_VVN to_TO clarify_VVI this_DD1 issue_NN1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL *-_- **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL There_EX were_VBDR some_DD problems_NN2 with_IW duplication_NN1 and_CC co-ordination_NN1 of_IO welfare_NN1 relief_NN1 work_NN1 ,_, particularly_RR in_II the_AT visiting_NN1 of_IO flood-displaced_JJ people_NN in_II some_DD areas_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 was_VBDZ not_XX resented_VVN by_II the_AT people_NN visited_VVD but_CCB could_VM lead_VVI to_II inadequate_JJ supervision_NN1 of_IO untrained_JJ volunteers_NN2 and_CC uneven_JJ distribution_NN1 of_IO services_NN2 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL *-_- **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL In_II future_NN1 a_AT1 more_RGR positive_JJ approach_NN1 should_VM be_VBI taken_VVN to_II the_AT co-ordination_NN1 of_IO the_AT activities_NN2 of_IO church_NN1 organisations_NN2 ,_, service_NN1 agencies_NN2 and_CC other_JJ bodies_NN2 ,_, recognising_VVG at_II the_AT same_DA time_NNT1 that_CST they_PPHS2 should_VM not_XX be_VBI discouraged_VVN from_II becoming_VVG involved_JJ in_II relief_NN1 work_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 co-ordination_NN1 would_VM be_VBI facilitated_VVN by_II forming_VVG the_AT various_JJ relief_NN1 subcommittees_NNJ2 as_RG early_RR as_CSA possible_JJ following_II the_AT disaster_NN1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL *-_- **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL All_DB relief_NN1 committees_NNJ2 and_CC subcommittees_NNJ2 should_VM have_VHI representation_NN1 from_II each_DD1 of_IO the_AT affected_JJ towns_NN2 unless_CS only_RR a_AT1 small_JJ number_NN1 of_IO people_NN from_II a_AT1 particular_JJ town_NN1 have_VH0 been_VBN affected_VVN ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL *<_NULL 4_MC ._. ^ *3_NULL THE_AT POSSIBILITIES_NN2 OF_IO CONDUCTING_VVG FURTHER_JJR RESEARCH_NN1 ON_II THE_AT SOUTHLAND_NP1 FLOODS_NN2 *>_NULL ^ *<_NULL *0_NULL 4.1_MC *1_NULL Issues_NN2 Requiring_VVG Further_JJR Investigation_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL This_DD1 preliminary_JJ investigation_NN1 has_VHZ identified_VVN some_DD of_IO the_AT issues_NN2 that_CST have_VH0 arisen_VVN following_II the_AT Southland_NP1 Floods_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL For_IF some_DD of_IO these_DD2 issues_NN2 tentative_JJ conclusions_NN2 were_VBDR presented_VVN in_II Section_NN1 3_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 does_VDZ not_XX indicate_VVI that_DD1 further_JJR research_NN1 is_VBZ unnecessary_JJ on_II these_DD2 issues_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Rather_RR ,_, recognising_VVG that_CST further_JJR research_NN1 on_II the_AT effects_NN2 of_IO these_DD2 floods_NN2 may_VM not_XX be_VBI feasible_JJ ,_, the_AT conclusions_NN2 were_VBDR stated_VVN in_II an_AT1 attempt_NN1 to_TO pass_VVI on_II some_DD of_IO the_AT experience_NN1 gained_VVD by_II the_AT Southlanders_NP1 who_PNQS were_VBDR involved_JJ in_II flood_NN1 relief_NN1 work_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT main_JJ issue_NN1 requiring_VVG further_JJR investigation_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT social_JJ and_CC psychological_JJ effects_NN2 that_CST the_AT floods_NN2 had_VHD on_II people_NN at_II all_DB stages_NN2 following_VVG the_AT disaster_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL A_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO sub-issues_NN2 related_VVN to_II this_DD1 main_JJ issue_NN1 were_VBDR identified_VVN as_CSA follows_VVZ :_: __NULL |_NULL **=_NULL i_MC1 )_) The_AT relationship_NN1 between_II an_AT1 individual_NN1 's_VBZ awareness_NN1 of_IO the_AT flood_NN1 potential_NN1 in_II an_AT1 area_NN1 and_CC the_AT individual_NN1 's_VBZ response_NN1 to_TO flood_VVI warnings_NN2 as_CC31 well_CC32 as_CC33 her_PPHO1 or_CC his_APPGE psychological_JJ reaction_NN1 to_II the_AT floods_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL **=_NULL ii_MC )_) The_AT relationship_NN1 between_II the_AT severity_NN1 of_IO the_AT impact_NN1 and_CC the_AT psychological_JJ reaction_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL **=_NULL iii_MC )_) The_AT extent_NN1 and_CC effect_NN1 of_IO the_AT stress_NN1 on_II the_AT flood-displaced_JJ people_NN from_II each_DD1 of_IO the_AT following_JJ sources_NN2 :_: the_AT various_JJ types_NN2 of_IO temporary_JJ accommodation_NN1 used_VVN ;_; problems_NN2 associated_VVN with_IW flood_NN1 damage_NN1 compensation_NN1 ;_; and_CC other_JJ problems_NN2 related_VVN to_II the_AT restoration_NN1 of_IO damaged_JJ homes_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL **=_NULL iv_MC )_) The_AT extent_NN1 to_II which_DDQ the_AT loss_NN1 of_IO memorabilia_NN2 affects_NN2 people_NN ._. ^ |_NULL **=_NULL v_ZZ1 )_) The_AT effect_NN1 of_IO sending_VVG children_NN2 on_II holiday_NN1 or_CC otherwise_RR separating_VVG them_PPHO2 from_II their_APPGE families_NN2 in_II the_AT post-flood_JJ period_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL **=_NULL vi_MC )_) The_AT level_NN1 of_IO depression_NN1 and_CC excessive_JJ anxiety_NN1 among_II those_DD2 affected_VVN by_II the_AT floods_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL **=_NULL vii_MC )_) The_AT extent_NN1 to_II which_DDQ behavioural_JJ problems_NN2 in_II children_NN2 resulted_VVD from_II the_AT floods_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL **=_NULL viii_MC )_) The_AT effect_NN1 of_IO the_AT floods_NN2 on_II marriages_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL **=_NULL ix_MC )_) The_AT level_NN1 of_IO assistance_NN1 required_VVN by_II people_NN at_II various_JJ stages_NN2 following_VVG the_AT disaster_NN1 :_: *'_" listening_JJ ear_NN1 **'_" ,_, befriending_VVG ,_, counselling_NN1 ,_, and_CC referrals_NN2 to_II psychologists_NN2 or_CC other_JJ professionals_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Other_JJ issues_NN2 not_XX so_RG directly_RR related_VVN to_II the_AT social_JJ and_CC psychological_JJ effects_NN2 of_IO the_AT floods_NN2 include_VV0 :_: __NULL |_NULL a_ZZ1 )_) The_AT best_JJT form_NN1 and_CC manner_NN1 of_IO dissemination_NN1 of_IO flood_NN1 warnings_NN2 and_CC people_NN 's_GE reaction_NN1 to_II these_DD2 warnings_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL b_ZZ1 )_) The_AT long-term_JJ positive_JJ effect_NN1 on_II the_AT community_NNJ resulting_VVG from_II the_AT strengthening_NN1 of_IO community_NNJ identity_NN1 ,_, community_NNJ networks_NN2 ,_, and_CC charitable_JJ and_CC other_JJ service_NN1 organisations_NN2 as_II a_AT1 result_NN1 of_IO the_AT floods_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL c_ZZ1 )_) The_AT long-term_JJ negative_JJ effect_NN1 on_II the_AT community_NNJ resulting_VVG from_II the_AT movement_NN1 of_IO people_NN away_II21 from_II22 the_AT flood-affected_JJ areas_NN2 ._. ^ *<_NULL 4.2_MC *1_NULL Existing_JJ Sources_NN2 of_IO Information_NN1 on_II the_AT People_NN Affected_VVN by_II the_AT Southland_NP1 Floods_NN2 *>_NULL ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 286+TEXT+H22_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT landscape_NN1 regions_NN2 proposed_VVD earlier_RRR in_II this_DD1 report_NN1 are_VBR a_AT1 preliminary_JJ interpretation_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 require_VV0 clarification_NN1 and_CC more_RGR detailed_JJ assessment_NN1 if_CS they_PPHS2 are_VBR to_TO be_VBI useful_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Provisions_NN2 for_IF landscape_NN1 conservation_NN1 within_II existing_JJ planning_NN1 procedures_NN2 will_VM be_VBI outlined_VVN ._. ^ *<_NULL The_AT {_NULL PNA_NN1 }_NULL Programme_NN1 and_CC landscape_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Protected_JJ Natural_JJ Areas_NN2 (_( {_NULL PNA_NP1 }_NULL )_) Programme_NN1 was_VBDZ conceived_VVN in_II the_AT early_JJ 1980s_MC2 ,_, and_CC controlled_VVN from_II the_AT Biological_JJ Resources_NN2 Centre_NN1 (_( {_NULL BRC_NP }_NULL )_) ,_, {_NULL DSIR_NN1 }_NULL in_II Wellington_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Its_APPGE applicability_NN1 to_II the_AT National_JJ Parks_NN2 and_CC Reserves_VVZ Act_NN1 1980_MC was_VBDZ considered_VVN a_AT1 requirement_NN1 ,_, to_TO ensure_VVI the_AT :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL *"_" preservation_NN1 of_IO representative_JJ samples_NN2 of_IO all_DB classes_NN2 of_IO natural_JJ ecosystems_NN2 and_CC landscape_NN1 ..._... **"_" ^ ._. (_( Section_NN1 3(1)_FO (_( b_ZZ1 )_) )_) (_( Simpson_NP1 ,_, 1982_MC )_) **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL In_II 1982_MC the_AT publication_NN1 *1_NULL Ecological_JJ Regions_NN2 and_CC Districts_NN2 of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 *0_NULL was_VBDZ produced_VVN by_II {_NULL BRC_NP }_NULL ,_, dividing_VVG the_AT country_NN1 into_II 82_MC Ecological_JJ Regions_NN2 and_CC 235_MC Ecological_JJ Districts_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Field_NP1 surveys_NN2 involving_VVG rapid_JJ ecological_JJ assessment_NN1 over_II broad_JJ areas_NN2 commenced_VVD in_RP late_RR 1983_MC in_II 4_MC sample_NN1 regions_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Two_MC of_IO these_DD2 ,_, the_AT Old_JJ Man_NN1 and_CC Mackenzie_NP1 Ecological_JJ Regions_NN2 ,_, involved_JJ survey_NN1 of_IO tussock_NN1 grasslands_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT ultimate_JJ aim_NN1 was_VBDZ to_TO identify_VVI representative_JJ areas_NN2 of_IO natural_JJ ecosystems_NN2 ,_, as_RG near_RL as_CSA possible_JJ to_II their_APPGE state_NN1 prior_II21 to_II22 European_JJ settlement_NN1 ,_, and_CC recommend_VV0 their_APPGE protection_NN1 for_IF nature_NN1 conservation_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT {_NULL PNA_NN1 }_NULL pilot_NN1 programme_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ has_VHZ subsequently_RR involved_VVN surveying_VVG in_II the_AT Heron_NP Basin_NNL1 ,_, was_VBDZ one_MC1 of_IO the_AT most_RGT ambitious_JJ surveys_NN2 ever_RR conducted_VVN in_II tussock_NN1 grasslands_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ more_RGR extensive_JJ in_II coverage_NN1 than_CSN previous_JJ ecological_JJ surveys_NN2 ,_, and_CC more_RGR detailed_JJ in_II biological_JJ assessment_NN1 than_CSN the_AT {_NULL MWD_NP }_NULL Land_NN1 Resource_NN1 Inventory_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Despite_II popular_JJ belief_NN1 ,_, these_DD2 surveys_NN2 did_VDD *1_NULL not_XX *0_NULL assess_VVI landscape_NN1 values_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Nor_CC initially_RR did_VDD {_NULL PNA_NP1 }_NULL claim_VVI to_II :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL *"_" ^_NULL it_PPH1 could_VM be_VBI emphasised_VVN that_CST the_AT districts_NN2 and_CC regions_NN2 are_VBR ecological_JJ ,_, not_XX environmental_JJ :_: they_PPHS2 basically_RR reflect_VV0 features_NN2 of_IO the_AT *1_NULL natural_JJ *0_NULL environment_NN1 **"_" ._. ^ (_( Simpson_NP1 ,_, 1982_MC )_) **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL However_RR it_PPH1 was_VBDZ subsequently_RR claimed_VVN that_DD1 landscape_NN1 values_NN2 had_VHD been_VBN included_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT result_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 natural_JJ ecological_JJ value_NN1 approach_NN1 is_VBZ reflected_VVN in_II the_AT Priority_NN1 Places_NN2 for_IF Protection_NN1 (_( {_NULL PPFP_NP }_NULL s_ZZ1 )_) recommended_VVD in_II the_AT various_JJ surveys_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 typical_JJ {_NULL PPFP_NP }_NULL might_VM be_VBI a_AT1 forest_NN1 remnant_NN1 in_II a_AT1 hillside_NN1 gully_NN1 beside_II a_AT1 lake_NN1 (_( \_NULL Fig.21_FO )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT remnant_NN1 is_VBZ proposed_VVN for_IF protection_NN1 ,_, but_CCB the_AT rest_NN1 of_IO the_AT hillside_NN1 and_CC the_AT other_JJ hills_NN2 and_CC valleys_NN2 that_CST can_VM be_VBI seen_VVN from_II around_II the_AT lake_NN1 are_VBR not_XX ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Where_CS there_EX are_VBR several_DA2 remnants_NN2 of_IO almost_RR comparable_JJ vegetation_NN1 ,_, the_AT best_JJT ecological_JJ sample_NN1 is_VBZ designated_VVN a_AT1 {_NULL PPFP_NP }_NULL ._. ^ ^_NULL Yet_RR the_AT others_NN2 may_VM be_VBI critical_JJ for_IF the_AT special_JJ landscape_NN1 character_NN1 of_IO the_AT area_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Hence_RR the_AT overall_NN1 *1_NULL seen_VVN landscape_NN1 *0_NULL or_CC context_NN1 of_IO the_AT lake_NN1 has_VHZ not_XX been_VBN considered_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL Its_APPGE geological_JJ features_NN2 and_CC vegetation/_FO fauna_NN2 communities_NNJ2 have_VH0 been_VBN rapidly_RR assessed_VVN ,_, but_CCB the_AT total_JJ landscape_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX just_RR these_DD2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 includes_VVZ combinations_NN2 of_IO natural_JJ and_CC cultural_JJ features_NN2 as_RR21 well_RR22 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_RR21 short_RR22 ,_, {_NULL PNA_NP1 }_NULL and_CC the_AT other_JJ surveys_NN2 only_RR looked_VVN at_II the_AT ecological_JJ values_NN2 of_IO the_AT landscape_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Priority_NP1 places_NN2 for_IF protection_NN1 need_VV0 management_NN buffer_NN1 zones_NN2 to_II both_DB2 ecologically_RR and_CC visually_RR **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL integrate_VV0 them_PPHO2 into_II the_AT landscape_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Implementation_NN1 of_IO management_NN for_IF the_AT {_NULL PPFP_NP }_NULL s_ZZ1 alone_JJ is_VBZ still_RR a_AT1 long_JJ way_NN1 off_RP ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL True_JJ landscape_NN1 assessment_NN1 of_IO tussock_NN1 grasslands_NN2 is_VBZ therefore_RR desirable_JJ ,_, and_CC consideration_NN1 of_IO the_AT visual_JJ values_NN2 are_VBR paramount_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT characteristics_NN2 of_IO these_DD2 landscapes_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN described_VVN already_RR and_CC can_VM be_VBI summarised_VVN as_CSA follows_VVZ :_: __NULL |_NULL *-_- ^_NULL The_AT mountains_NN2 and_CC valleys_NN2 divide_VV0 the_AT landscape_NN1 into_II a_AT1 series_NN of_IO huge_JJ outdoor_JJ *"_" rooms_NN2 **"_" or_CC spaces_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT shapes_NN2 ,_, forms_NN2 and_CC scale_NN1 of_IO the_AT landforms_NN2 ,_, and_CC the_AT way_NN1 they_PPHS2 surround_VV0 the_AT viewer_NN1 ,_, cutting_VVG off_II views_NN2 of_IO adjacent_JJ areas_NN2 ,_, are_VBR the_AT most_RGT important_JJ components_NN2 of_IO any_DD landscape_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL *-_- ^_NULL Overlaying_NP1 and_CC responding_VVG to_II these_DD2 basic_JJ components_NN2 is_VBZ the_AT pattern_NN1 of_IO the_AT grasslands_NN2 ,_, scrub_NN1 or_CC forest_NN1 remnants_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL *-_- ^_NULL Within_II this_DD1 pattern_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT evidence_NN1 of_IO human_JJ impact_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ may_VM complement_VVI *1_NULL or_CC *0_NULL detract_VVI from_II the_AT natural_JJ features_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Landscape_NN1 assessment_NN1 could_VM look_VVI at_II each_DD1 of_IO these_DD2 outdoor_JJ *"_" rooms_NN2 **"_" ,_, and_CC describe_VV0 all_DB these_DD2 elements_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 could_VM be_VBI used_VVN as_II a_AT1 basis_NN1 for_IF identifying_VVG valued_JJ areas_NN2 ,_, what_DDQ sort_NN1 of_IO changes_NN2 are_VBR likely_JJ to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 problem_NN1 in_II each_DD1 area_NN1 and_CC how_RRQ further_JJR developments_NN2 could_VM be_VBI seen_VVN from_II different_JJ locations_NN2 and_CC designed_VVN to_TO fit_VVI in_RP to_II the_AT landscape_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Many_DA2 such_DA surveys_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN attempted_VVN ,_, especially_RR overseas_RL ._. ^ ^_NULL Some_DD form_NN1 of_IO visual_JJ assessment_NN1 is_VBZ *1_NULL essential_JJ *0_NULL to_II any_DD landscape_NN1 assessment_NN1 ,_, as_CSA so_RG much_RR depends_VVZ on_II the_AT visual_JJ values_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 are_VBR not_XX the_AT whole_JJ story_NN1 however_RR ,_, because_CS they_PPHS2 do_VD0 not_XX account_VVI for_IF *1_NULL all_DB *0_NULL landscape_NN1 values_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ felt_VVN by_II many_DA2 that_CST there_EX has_VHZ been_VBN too_RG much_DA1 emphasis_NN1 on_II preserving_VVG scenery_NN1 and_CC views_NN2 ,_, as_CSA something_PN1 to_TO be_VBI *1_NULL looked_VVN *0_NULL at_II like_II a_AT1 photograph_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL We_PPIS2 are_VBR not_XX just_RR viewers_NN2 of_IO landscape_NN1 as_II scenery_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 inhabit_VV0 it_PPH1 ,_, move_NN1 through_II it_PPH1 ,_, have_VH0 feelings_NN2 for_IF it_PPH1 ,_, pursue_NN1 activities_NN2 and_CC make_VV0 changes_NN2 within_II it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL All_DB these_DD2 must_VM be_VBI recognised_VVN ,_, especially_RR in_II tussock_NN1 grasslands_NN2 with_IW their_APPGE rich_JJ sense_NN1 of_IO human_JJ involvement_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL So_RR in_II assessing_VVG these_DD2 areas_NN2 ,_, there_EX must_VM be_VBI more_RGR involved_JJ than_CSN just_RR a_AT1 hunt_NN1 through_II the_AT back_NN1 country_NN1 to_TO find_VVI the_AT most_RGT *"_" beautiful_JJ **"_" scenery_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT most_RGT significant_JJ areas_NN2 are_VBR by_RR31 no_RR32 means_RR33 the_AT only_JJ ones_NN2 that_CST matter_VV0 ,_, as_CSA they_PPHS2 often_RR require_VV0 the_AT context_NN1 of_IO typical_JJ areas_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT importance_NN1 of_IO all_DB areas_NN2 to_II people_NN must_VM be_VBI considered_VVN ,_, in_II31 terms_II32 of_II33 management_NN ,_, recreation_NN1 ,_, tourism_NN1 and_CC relationship_NN1 to_II frequently_RR travelled_JJ routes_NN2 and_CC towns_NN2 and_CC cities_NN2 nearby_RL ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II 1984-5_MCMC the_AT Environmental_JJ Resource_NN1 Assessment_NN1 (_( {_NULL ERA_NP1 }_NULL )_) group_NN undertook_VVD an_AT1 extensive_JJ landscape_NN1 survey_NN1 of_IO the_AT Mackenzie_NP Basin_NNL1 (_( Jackman_NP1 ,_, 1985_MC )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT approach_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 study_NN1 gives_VVZ direction_NN1 for_IF future_JJ assessment_NN1 of_IO tussock_NN1 areas_NN2 and_CC high_JJ country_NN1 landscapes_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Using_VVG computer_NN1 mapping_VVG techniques_NN2 it_PPH1 looked_VVD at_II many_DA2 factors_NN2 and_CC their_APPGE interrelationship_NN1 ,_, including_VVG :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 also_RR involved_VVN a_AT1 computer-generated_JJ visibility_NN1 study_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Visibility_NP1 is_VBZ simply_RR a_AT1 measure_NN1 of_IO how_RGQ much_DA1 a_AT1 particular_JJ landform_NN1 ,_, or_CC part_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 landform_NN1 ,_, can_VM be_VBI seen_VVN from_II surrounding_VVG areas_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Generally_RR ,_, the_AT higher_JJR the_AT landform_NN1 ,_, the_AT more_RRR it_PPH1 can_VM be_VBI seen_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT Mackenzie_NP1 ,_, the_AT mountains_NN2 encircling_VVG the_AT basin_NN1 are_VBR of_IO high_JJ visibility_NN1 ,_, and_CC are_VBR therefore_RR the_AT enclosing_JJ elements_NN2 of_IO the_AT basin_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Use_NN1 of_IO the_AT computer_NN1 enabled_VVD visibility_NN1 to_TO be_VBI accurately_RR calculated_VVN for_IF 1000_MC \_NULL m_NNU x_II 1000_MC \_NULL m_NNU square_JJ areas_NN2 of_IO land_NN1 in_II a_AT1 grid_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Other_JJ visible_JJ landforms_NN2 enabled_VVD the_AT basin_NN1 to_TO be_VBI divided_VVN into_II 9_MC distinct_JJ areas_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 enabled_JJ analysis_NN1 of_IO the_AT possible_JJ impacts_NN2 of_IO forestry_NN1 and_CC recreation_NN1 and_CC the_AT areas_NN2 where_RRQ they_PPHS2 could_VM best_RRT be_VBI absorbed_VVN visually_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT results_NN2 indicated_VVD that_DD1 visibility_NN1 of_IO impacts_NN2 was_VBDZ minimised_VVN when_RRQ located_VVN in_II steep-sided_JJ valleys_NN2 as_II31 opposed_II32 to_II33 open_JJ flat_JJ country_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Of_RR21 course_RR22 the_AT landscape_NN1 importance_NN1 of_IO the_AT valleys_NN2 themselves_PPX2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 a_AT1 spectacular_JJ gorge_NN1 ,_, must_VM be_VBI a_AT1 consideration_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Visibility_NP1 itself_PPX1 is_VBZ highly_RR variable_JJ in_II its_APPGE significance_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB the_AT approach_NN1 helped_VVD to_TO emphasise_VVI the_AT need_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 comprehensive_JJ assessment_NN1 considering_II all_DB values_NN2 and_CC balancing_VVG the_AT inevitable_JJ conflicts_NN2 and_CC differences_NN2 of_IO opinion_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Those_DD2 with_IW local_JJ knowledge_NN1 and_CC experience_NN1 of_IO landscape_NN1 values_NN2 will_VM already_RR know_VVI some_DD of_IO the_AT critical_JJ areas_NN2 ,_, and_CC it_PPH1 is_VBZ desirable_JJ that_CST these_DD2 are_VBR identified_VVN at_II the_AT outset_NN1 and_CC analysed_VVN in_II detail_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, \_NULL B.Mason_NP1 (_( Dunedin_NP1 )_) has_VHZ prepared_VVN a_AT1 detailed_JJ draft_NN1 report_NN1 and_CC map_NN1 of_IO Otago_NP1 ,_, showing_VVG *"_" landscape_NN1 settings_NN2 **"_" and_CC their_APPGE potential_NN1 for_IF different_JJ recreational_JJ experiences_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Because_II21 of_II22 the_AT complex_JJ and_CC difficult_JJ nature_NN1 of_IO the_AT issues_NN2 involved_VVN ,_, any_DD landscape_NN1 assessment_NN1 should_VM be_VBI done_VDN by_II those_DD2 prepared_VVN to_TO spend_VVI the_AT time_NNT1 in_II the_AT areas_NN2 necessary_JJ to_TO gain_VVI some_DD appreciation_NN1 and_CC understanding_NN1 of_IO them_PPHO2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT full_JJ range_NN1 of_IO daily_JJ climatic_JJ and_CC seasonal_JJ changes_NN2 need_VV0 to_TO be_VBI understood_VVN for_IF various_JJ areas_NN2 as_CSA these_DD2 are_VBR a_AT1 vital_JJ part_NN1 of_IO the_AT landscapes_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 study_NN1 has_VHZ discussed_VVN landscape_NN1 values_NN2 in_RR21 general_RR22 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT specific_JJ values_NN2 of_IO each_DD1 area_NN1 in_II the_AT context_NN1 of_IO surrounding_VVG landscape_NN1 *-_- the_AT Remarkables_NP1 to_II Queenstown_NP1 ,_, or_CC the_AT distinctive_JJ volcanic_JJ forms_NN2 of_IO the_AT Port_NNL1 Hills_NP *1_NULL and_CC *0_NULL their_APPGE proximity_NN1 to_II Christchurch_NP1 ,_, to_TO give_VVI two_MC very_RG obvious_JJ examples_NN2 *-_- need_VV0 to_TO be_VBI identified_VVN in_II detail_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL Landscape_NN1 conservation_NN1 and_CC planning_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Landscape_NN1 conservation_NN1 of_IO tussock_NN1 grasslands_NN2 could_VM be_VBI accomplished_VVN in_II a_AT1 variety_NN1 of_IO ways_NN2 ,_, either_RR by_II management_NN strategies_NN2 by_II the_AT landowner_NN1 and_CC manager_NN1 ,_, or_CC under_RG present_JJ New_NP Zealand_NP1 planning_NN1 law_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II considering_VVG landscape_NN1 conservation_NN1 ,_, the_AT following_JJ points_NN2 should_VM be_VBI addressed_VVN :_: __NULL |_NULL *-_- ^_NULL Suitability_NN1 of_IO the_AT land_NN1 in_II31 terms_II32 of_II33 landscape_NN1 values_NN2 :_: ^_NULL the_AT area_NN1 of_IO land_NN1 in_II31 relation_II32 to_II33 the_AT surrounding_JJ landscape_NN1 ,_, other_JJ reserves_NN2 and_CC amenities_NN2 and_CC appropriateness_NN1 of_IO boundaries_NN2 are_VBR critical_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, in_II conserving_VVG a_AT1 view_NN1 from_II a_AT1 road_NN1 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 at_II the_AT top_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 pass_NN1 ,_, landscape_NN1 conservation_NN1 does_VDZ not_XX mean_VVI a_AT1 strip_NN1 along_II the_AT roadside_NN1 or_CC the_AT immediate_JJ hillside_NN1 ,_, but_CCB must_VM consider_VVI management_NN of_IO everything_PN1 that_CST can_VM be_VBI seen_VVN in_II the_AT distance_NN1 as_RR21 well_RR22 *-_- the_AT visual_JJ corridor_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL *-_- ^_NULL Management_NN :_: ^_NULL tussock_NN1 grasslands_NN2 often_RR need_VV0 some_RR control_VVI to_TO guard_VVI against_II unwanted_JJ plants_NN2 ,_, or_CC succession_NN1 to_TO scrub_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 applies_VVZ especially_RR to_TO snow_VVI and_CC red_JJ tussock_NN1 grasslands_NN2 below_II treeline_NN1 ,_, and_CC fescue_NN1 tussock_NN1 grasslands_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ have_VH0 largely_RR been_VBN induced_VVN and_CC maintained_VVN by_II human_JJ intervention_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Controlled_JJ grazing_NN1 can_VM be_VBI the_AT best_JJT means_NN of_IO conserving_VVG tussock_NN1 grasslands_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ also_RR important_JJ in_II determining_VVG access_NN1 for_IF recreation_NN1 ,_, to_TO consider_VVI implications_NN2 for_IF stock_NN1 disturbance_NN1 and_CC possible_JJ increased_JJ fire_NN1 risk_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL *-_- ^_NULL Status_NN1 of_IO land_NN1 :_: ^_NULL ideally_RR tussock_VV0 grasslands_NN2 of_IO significant_JJ landscape_NN1 value_NN1 should_VM remain_VVI under_II state_NN1 control_NN1 ,_, either_RR as_RG reserves_VVZ or_CC as_CSA leasehold_NN1 with_IW conditions_NN2 imposed_VVD on_II their_APPGE use_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Conservation_NN1 covenants_NN2 and_CC private_JJ reserves_NN2 may_VM be_VBI appropriate_JJ for_IF some_DD areas_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Destocking_NP1 and_CC possible_JJ surrender_NN1 of_IO high-altitude_JJ Class_NN1 *=_NULL VIIe_NP1 and_CC *=_NULL VIII_MC land_NN1 ,_, as_CSA per_II Catchment_NN1 Board_NNJ Run_VV0 Plans_NN2 ,_, may_VM be_VBI desirable_JJ in_II many_DA2 areas_NN2 to_TO conserve_VVI ecological_JJ values_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL However_RR in_II doing_VDG this_DD1 ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ vital_JJ that_CST the_AT values_NN2 of_IO tussock_NN1 lower_RRR down_RP are_VBR not_XX threatened_VVN by_II more_RGR intensive_JJ use_NN1 ,_, or_CC the_AT context_NN1 of_IO hill_NN1 faces_NN2 compromised_VVD by_II the_AT sudden_JJ change_NN1 in_II management_NN on_II either_DD1 side_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 retirement_NN1 fence_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL Legislation_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Several_DA2 pieces_NN2 of_IO legislation_NN1 are_VBR applicable_JJ to_II conservation_NN1 of_IO tussock_NN1 grassland_NN1 areas_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL These_DD2 are_VBR summarised_VVN below_RL ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *1_NULL The_AT Land_NN1 Act_NN1 1948_MC :_: ^_NULL *0_NULL Several_DA2 sections_NN2 of_IO this_DD1 Act_NN1 may_VM be_VBI related_VVN to_II the_AT protection_NN1 of_IO tussock_NN1 grassland_NN1 ,_, usually_RR by_II31 way_II32 of_II33 restriction_NN1 of_IO intensive_JJ use_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Up_II21 to_II22 now_RT ,_, it_PPH1 has_VHZ been_VBN administered_VVN by_II the_AT Department_NNJ of_IO Lands_NN2 and_CC Survey_NN1 through_II the_AT Land_NN1 Settlement_NN1 Board_NNJ ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II future_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 may_VM be_VBI amended_VVN with_IW the_AT governmental_JJ restructuring_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL For_IF protection_NN1 of_IO grasslands_NN2 either_RR directly_RR or_CC indirectly_RR ,_, the_AT following_JJ sections_NN2 are_VBR most_RGT significant_JJ :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL \_NULL S.66(3)_FO and_CC 66AA(3)_FO allow_VV0 for_IF the_AT Land_NN1 Settlement_NN1 Board_NNJ to_TO limit_VVI stock_NN1 numbers_NN2 on_II land_NN1 under_II pastoral_JJ lease_NN1 and_CC pastoral_JJ occupation_NN1 licence_NN1 respectively_RR ,_, as_CSA the_AT Board_NNJ determines_VVZ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL \_NULL S.66A_FO allows_VVZ for_IF the_AT Board_NNJ to_TO grant_VVI recreation_NN1 permits_VVZ for_IF any_DD recreational_JJ ,_, tourist_NN1 accommodation_NN1 ,_, safari_NN1 or_CC other_JJ purpose_NN1 that_CST ,_, in_II the_AT opinion_NN1 of_IO the_AT Board_NNJ ,_, may_VM be_VBI properly_RR undertaken_VVN on_II that_DD1 land_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL \_NULL S66A(3)_FO allows_VVZ refusal_NN1 to_TO grant_VVI a_AT1 permit_NN1 for_IF any_DD purpose_NN1 that_CST ,_, in_II the_AT opinion_NN1 of_IO the_AT Board_NNJ ,_, is_VBZ incompatible_JJ with_IW any_DD water_NN1 or_CC soil_NN1 conservation_NN1 objectives_NN2 relating_VVG to_II the_AT land_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL \_NULL S66A(4)_FO allows_VVZ for_IF surrender_NN1 of_IO {_NULL PL_NP1 }_NULL or_CC {_NULL POL_NN1 }_NULL lands_VVZ to_TO facilitate_VVI erosion_NN1 control_NN1 measures_NN2 as_II a_AT1 condition_NN1 of_IO granting_VVG a_AT1 recreation_NN1 permit_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL \_NULL S106_FU relates_VVZ to_II conditions_NN2 and_CC restrictions_NN2 for_IF burning_VVG of_IO tussock_NN1 cover_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL \_NULL S108_FU relates_VVZ to_II conditions_NN2 and_CC restrictions_NN2 on_II cultivation_NN1 ,_, cropping_VVG ,_, ploughing_VVG and_CC sowing_NN1 of_IO grass_NN1 ,_, clearing_VVG and_CC felling_NN1 of_IO bush_NN1 or_CC scrub_NN1 ,_, afforestation_NN1 and_CC surface_NN1 sowing_VVG in_II grass_NN1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Land_NN1 Settlement_NN1 Board_NNJ also_RR has_VHZ a_AT1 detailed_JJ Crown_NN1 lands_VVZ policy_NN1 ,_, incorporating_VVG rural_JJ landscape_NN1 ,_, high_JJ country_NN1 and_CC tree_NN1 planting_VVG on_II crown_NN1 leasehold_NN1 land_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL These_DD2 all_RR seek_VV0 to_TO ensure_VVI wise_JJ land-use_NN1 ,_, protection_NN1 of_IO indigenous_JJ vegetation_NN1 and_CC sensitive_JJ design_NN1 and_CC management_NN overall_RR on_II crown_NN1 land_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT rural_JJ landscape_NN1 policy_NN1 requires_VVZ landscape_NN1 studies_NN2 for_IF all_DB land_NN1 development_NN1 blocks_NN2 ,_, and_CC in_II part_NN1 15_MC of_IO the_AT implementation_NN1 says_VVZ the_AT {_NULL LSB_NP }_NULL will_VV0 :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL *"_" recognise_NN1 the_AT unique_JJ and_CC sensitive_JJ nature_NN1 of_IO the_AT high_JJ country_NN1 and_CC give_VV0 special_JJ attention_NN1 to_II all_DB matters_NN2 affecting_VVG high_JJ country_NN1 landscapes_NN2 ._. **"_" ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Act_NN1 and_CC policies_NN2 offer_VV0 considerable_JJ scope_NN1 for_IF conservation_NN1 of_IO tussock_NN1 grassland_NN1 landscapes_NN2 under_II Crown_NN1 ownership_NN1 ,_, particularly_RR pastoral_JJ leasehold_NN1 lands_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Application_NN1 of_IO the_AT various_JJ aspects_NN2 of_IO the_AT Land_NN1 Act_NN1 may_VM unfortunately_RR be_VBI compromised_VVN by_II the_AT ability_NN1 and_CC attitudes_NN2 of_IO those_DD2 administering_VVG it_PPH1 or_CC by_II unauthorised_JJ lessee_NN1 development_NN1 which_DDQ often_RR proceeds_VVZ without_IW any_DD action_NN1 by_II the_AT Department_NNJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *1_NULL The_AT Reserves_NN2 Act_VV0 1977_MC :_: ^_NULL *0_NULL This_DD1 statute_NN1 has_VHZ sections_NN2 requiring_VVG administering_JJ bodies_NN2 to_TO draft_VVI management_NN plans_NN2 ensuring_VVG use_NN1 ,_, enjoyment_NN1 ,_, maintenance_NN1 ,_, protection_NN1 and_CC preservation_NN1 of_IO reserves_NN2 ,_, with_IW opportunity_NN1 for_IF public_JJ submissions_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ provision_NN1 for_IF the_AT Crown_NN1 to_TO enter_VVI into_II a_AT1 covenant_NN1 with_IW landholders_NN2 (_( freehold_NN1 or_CC leasehold_NN1 )_) to_TO protect_VVI land_NN1 for_IF its_APPGE natural_JJ ,_, scientific_JJ ,_, scenic_JJ or_CC cultural_JJ interests_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Conservation_NN1 covenants_NN2 may_VM also_RR be_VBI arranged_VVN ,_, for_IF a_AT1 specified_JJ time_NNT1 or_CC in_II perpetuity_NN1 ,_, that_CST are_VBR binding_VVG on_II future_JJ owners_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL At_RR21 present_RR22 this_DD1 Act_NN1 appears_VVZ to_TO be_VBI useful_JJ as_II a_AT1 means_NN of_IO getting_VVG natural_JJ areas_NN2 reserved_VVN ,_, but_CCB there_EX has_VHZ thus_RR far_RR been_VBN a_AT1 lack_NN1 of_IO resources_NN2 and_CC motivation_NN1 for_IF reservation_NN1 of_IO russock_NN1 grasslands_NN2 (_( Calvert_NP1 ,_, 1984_MC )_) ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 287+TEXT+H23_FO **]_NULL ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL This_DD1 would_VM give_VVI the_AT Crown_NN1 greater_JJR control_NN1 over_II the_AT development_NN1 of_IO the_AT mineral_NN1 resources_NN2 of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 and_CC would_VM at_II the_AT same_DA time_NNT1 encourage_VV0 owners_NN2 of_IO private_JJ minerals_NN2 to_TO ascertain_VVI and_CC develop_VVI the_AT mineral_NN1 potential_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE land_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL A_AT1 detailed_JJ legislative_JJ precedent_NN1 for_IF this_DD1 option_NN1 is_VBZ contained_VVN in_II the_AT Mineral_NN1 Land_NN1 Tax_NN1 Act_NN1 1979_MC of_IO the_AT Canadian_JJ province_NN1 of_IO British_NP Columbia_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ also_RR an_AT1 option_NN1 that_CST has_VHZ been_VBN urged_VVN in_II submissions_NN2 presented_VVN to_II us_PPIO2 in_II behalf_NN1 of_IO the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 Mineral_NN1 Explorers_NN2 Association_NNJ ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX are_VBR ,_, however_RR ,_, significant_JJ administrative_JJ difficulties_NN2 involved_JJ in_II implementing_VVG this_DD1 option_NN1 ,_, not_XX the_AT least_DAT of_IO which_DDQ would_VM be_VBI the_AT need_NN1 to_TO determine_VVI ownership_NN1 of_IO minerals_NN2 in_II all_DB titles_NN2 before_II this_DD1 system_NN1 could_VM be_VBI applied_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL More_DAR information_NN1 is_VBZ being_VBG sought_VVN on_II the_AT British_NP Columbian_JJ experience_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II none_PN of_IO the_AT Canadian_JJ provinces_NN2 has_VHZ there_RL been_VBN a_AT1 general_JJ resumption_NN1 of_IO mineral_NN1 ownership_NN1 by_II the_AT Crown_NN1 ,_, as_CSA has_VHZ occurred_VVN in_II Victoria_NP1 and_CC South_NP Australia_NP1 ._. ^ *<_NULL d_ZZ1 Confirmation_NN1 of_IO the_AT Crown_NN1 's_VBZ right_JJ to_TO mine_PPGE for_IF gold_NN1 and_CC silver_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT *"_" royal_JJ metals_NN2 **"_" (_( gold_NN1 and_CC silver_NN1 )_) present_VV0 something_PN1 of_IO a_AT1 special_JJ case_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 are_VBR and_CC always_RR have_VH0 been_VBN owned_VVN by_II the_AT Crown_NN1 ,_, even_RR in_II otherwise_RR *"_" private_JJ **"_" land_NN1 ,_, but_CCB the_AT common_JJ (_( though_CS not_XX universal_JJ )_) understanding_NN1 of_IO the_AT law_NN1 in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 is_VBZ that_CST the_AT Crown_NN1 does_VDZ not_XX have_VHI the_AT right_NN1 to_II mine_PPGE and_CC remove_VV0 those_DD2 metals_NN2 from_II *"_" private_JJ **"_" land_NN1 without_IW the_AT landowner_NN1 's_VBZ consent_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Because_CS this_DD1 is_VBZ a_AT1 frustration_NN1 of_IO the_AT Crown_NN1 's_VBZ right_JJ of_IO ownership_NN1 of_IO gold_NN1 and_CC silver_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 statutory_JJ confirmation_NN1 of_IO the_AT Crown_NN1 's_VBZ right_JJ to_TO mine_PPGE and_CC remove_VV0 those_DD2 metals_NN2 ,_, wherever_RRQV they_PPHS2 are_VBR found_VVN ,_, would_VM be_VBI a_AT1 logical_JJ development_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 would_VM have_VHI the_AT effect_NN1 of_IO making_VVG all_DB freehold_NN1 land_NN1 containing_VVG gold_NN1 and_CC silver_NN1 open_VV0 for_IF mining_VVG for_IF those_DD2 minerals_NN2 without_IW the_AT need_NN1 for_IF obtaining_VVG the_AT landowner_NN1 's_VBZ consent_NN1 in_II the_AT case_NN1 of_IO land_NN1 presently_RR classified_VVD as_RG *"_" private_JJ **"_" land_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL e_ZZ1 Unification_NN1 of_IO ownership_NN1 of_IO minerals_NN2 and_CC rights_NN2 of_IO extraction_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL This_DD1 option_NN1 represents_VVZ an_AT1 extension_NN1 of_IO the_AT previous_JJ option_NN1 so_CS21 that_CS22 it_PPH1 covers_VVZ all_DB minerals_NN2 ,_, whether_CSW they_PPHS2 are_VBR in_II Crown_NN1 or_CC private_JJ ownership_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 confirms_VVZ that_DD1 ownership_NN1 of_IO minerals_NN2 includes_VVZ in_II all_DB cases_NN2 the_AT associated_JJ rights_NN2 of_IO extraction_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Cases_NN2 where_RRQ minerals_NN2 and_CC the_AT rights_NN2 of_IO access_NN1 and_CC extraction_NN1 needed_VVD to_TO mine_VVI them_PPHO2 are_VBR owned_VVN by_II different_JJ persons_NN2 are_VBR rare_JJ ,_, except_CS in_II the_AT special_JJ case_NN1 of_IO gold_NN1 and_CC silver_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Nevertheless_RR the_AT possibility_NN1 of_IO separate_JJ ownership_NN1 of_IO minerals_NN2 and_CC extraction_NN1 rights_NN2 is_VBZ provided_VVN for_IF in_II present_JJ legislation_NN1 and_CC is_VBZ open_JJ to_II the_AT same_DA criticism_NN1 as_CSA applies_VVZ to_II the_AT case_NN1 of_IO the_AT Crown-owned_JJ *"_" royal_JJ **"_" metals_NN2 ,_, gold_NN1 and_CC silver_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL f_ZZ1 Abolition_NN1 of_IO the_AT requirement_NN1 for_IF the_AT consent_NN1 of_IO private_JJ mineral_NN1 owners_NN2 to_II the_AT issue_NN1 of_IO prospecting_VVG and_CC mining_VVG licences_NN2 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL This_DD1 option_NN1 is_VBZ advocated_VVN in_II approximately_RR one_MC1 third_MD of_IO the_AT submissions_NN2 dealing_VVG with_IW mineral_NN1 ownership_NN1 and_CC landowners_NN2 '_GE consents_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL At_II the_AT same_DA time_NNT1 ,_, the_AT private_JJ mineral_NN1 owner_NN1 's_VHZ continued_VVN entitlement_NN1 to_TO rent_VVI ,_, royalties_NN2 and_CC compensation_NN1 is_VBZ recognised_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT most_RGT favoured_JJ alternative_NN1 to_II the_AT present_JJ consent_NN1 requirements_NN2 is_VBZ a_AT1 compensation_NN1 agreement_NN1 ,_, to_TO be_VBI negotiated_VVN (_( or_CC arbitrated_VVD in_II default_NN1 of_IO agreement_NN1 )_) before_II entry_NN1 on_II land_NN1 to_TO commence_VVI prospecting_VVG or_CC mining_VVG operations_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II the_AT Australian_JJ states_NN2 ,_, requirements_NN2 for_IF private_JJ landowners_NN2 '_GE consents_NN2 to_II the_AT issue_NN1 of_IO prospecting_VVG and_CC mining_VVG licences_NN2 are_VBR in_RR21 general_RR22 non-existent_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX are_VBR the_AT usual_JJ classes_NN2 of_IO protected_JJ land_NN1 that_CST exist_VV0 in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 *-_- land_NN1 under_II crop_NN1 ,_, or_CC used_VVN as_II a_AT1 yard_NN1 ,_, garden_NN1 ,_, orchard_NN1 ,_, \_NULL etc_RA ,_, or_CC the_AT site_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 building_NN1 ,_, cemetery_NN1 ,_, or_CC waterworks_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II Canada_NP1 ,_, where_RRQ there_EX is_VBZ considerable_JJ private_JJ ownership_NN1 of_IO minerals_NN2 ,_, the_AT position_NN1 regarding_II owners_NN2 '_GE consents_NN2 differs_VVZ from_II one_MC1 province_NN1 to_II another_DD1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Some_DD provinces_NN2 require_VV0 the_AT mineral_NN1 operator_NN1 to_TO obtain_VVI the_AT owner_NN1 's_VBZ consent_NN1 or_CC to_TO expropriate_VVI the_AT land_NN1 before_II entry_NN1 can_VM be_VBI made_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL Other_JJ provinces_NN2 (_( the_AT majority_NN )_) provide_VV0 for_IF an_AT1 arbitration_NN1 of_IO compensation_NN1 or_CC give_VV0 the_AT mineral_NN1 operator_NN1 a_AT1 general_NN1 ,_, but_CCB limited_VVD ,_, right_NN of_IO entry_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Compensation_NN1 for_IF loss_NN1 or_CC damage_NN1 is_VBZ always_RR payable_JJ by_II the_AT mineral_NN1 operator_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL g_ZZ1 The_AT *"_" status_NN121 quo_NN122 **"_" *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT final_JJ option_NN1 *-_- that_DD1 of_IO leaving_VVG things_NN2 substantially_RR as_CSA they_PPHS2 are_VBR *-_- is_VBZ only_RR acceptable_JJ if_CSW the_AT disadvantages_NN2 of_IO the_AT present_JJ system_NN1 are_VBR less_RRR than_CSN the_AT disadvantages_NN2 of_IO any_DD of_IO the_AT options_NN2 for_IF change_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ listed_VVN here_RL for_IF the_AT sake_NN1 of_IO completeness_NN1 but_CCB has_VHZ few_DA2 if_CSW any_DD advocates_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II the_AT area_NN1 of_IO mineral_NN1 ownership_NN1 *-_- which_DDQ is_VBZ the_AT subject_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 chapter_NN1 *-_- the_AT problems_NN2 associated_VVN with_IW the_AT present_NN1 New_NP Zealand_NP1 system_NN1 are_VBR not_XX peculiar_JJ to_II this_DD1 country_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 are_VBR (_( or_CC have_VH0 been_VBN )_) experienced_VVD to_II a_AT1 greater_JJR or_CC lesser_JJ extent_NN1 in_II all_DB of_IO the_AT Australian_JJ states_NN2 and_CC Canadian_JJ provinces_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO those_DD2 jurisdictions_NN2 have_VH0 adopted_VVN or_CC are_VBR proposing_VVG to_TO adopt_VVI one_PN1 or_CC other_JJ of_IO the_AT options_NN2 examined_VVD above_RL in_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO lessen_VVI or_CC remove_VVI those_DD2 problems_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL Thus_RR :_: __NULL |_NULL *?_NULL 31_MC ^_NULL The_AT option_NN1 of_IO replacing_VVG landowners_NN2 '_GE consents_NN2 with_IW arbitrated_JJ or_CC negotiated_JJ compensation_NN1 agreements_NN2 is_VBZ common_JJ throughout_II the_AT Australian_JJ states_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Comparable_JJ provisions_NN2 exist_VV0 in_II the_AT legislation_NN1 of_IO several_DA2 of_IO the_AT Canadian_JJ provinces_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL *?_NULL 31_MC ^_NULL The_AT option_NN1 of_IO direct_JJ Crown_NN1 acquisition_NN1 of_IO privately_RR owned_JJ minerals_NN2 has_VHZ been_VBN or_CC is_VBZ to_TO be_VBI applied_VVN in_II four_MC of_IO the_AT Australian_JJ states_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL *?_NULL 31_MC ^_NULL The_AT option_NN1 of_IO indirect_JJ Crown_NN1 acquisition_NN1 of_IO private_JJ minerals_NN2 (_( through_II a_AT1 tax_NN1 )_) has_VHZ been_VBN applied_VVN in_II at_RR21 least_RR22 one_MC1 Canadian_JJ province_NN1 (_( British_NP Columbia_NP1 )_) ._. ^ |_NULL *?_NULL 31_MC ^_NULL In_II the_AT Australian_NN1 states_VVZ the_AT Crown_NN1 's_VBZ ownership_NN1 of_IO gold_NN1 and_CC silver_NN1 is_VBZ treated_VVN as_CSA including_II rights_NN2 of_IO access_NN1 and_CC extraction_NN1 and_CC therefore_RR the_AT right_JJ to_TO authorise_VVI prospecting_VVG and_CC mining_VVG for_IF those_DD2 metals_NN2 (_( option_NN1 (_( d_ZZ1 )_) above_RL )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ also_RR the_AT case_NN1 in_II the_AT majority_NN of_IO the_AT Canadian_JJ provinces_NN2 (_( although_CS in_II Quebec_NP1 the_AT Government_NNJ 's_GE authorisation_NN1 is_VBZ required_VVN before_II anyone_PN1 can_VM stake_VVI out_RP lands_NN2 in_II which_DDQ only_JJ gold_NN1 and_CC silver_NN1 have_VH0 been_VBN reserved_VVN to_II the_AT Crown_NN1 )_) ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT only_JJ change_NN1 option_NN1 for_IF which_DDQ no_AT precedent_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN found_VVN is_VBZ option_NN1 (_( a_ZZ1 )_) above_II *-_- the_AT abandonment_NN1 of_IO Crown_NN1 mineral_NN1 reservation_NN1 and_CC ownership_NN1 in_II31 favour_II32 of_II33 private_JJ landowners_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Quite_RG apart_II21 from_II22 national_JJ interest_NN1 considerations_NN2 involved_JJ in_II the_AT Crown_NN1 's_VBZ ownership_NN1 and_CC control_NN1 of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 's_GE mineral_NN1 resources_NN2 ,_, this_DD1 option_NN1 probably_RR could_VM not_XX be_VBI entertained_VVN unless_CS the_AT legislation_NN1 also_RR provided_CS21 that_CS22 the_AT land_NN1 affected_VVN was_VBDZ open_JJ for_IF mining_VVG without_IW the_AT landowner_NN1 's_VBZ consent_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL To_TO do_VDI otherwise_RR would_VM increase_VVI rather_CS21 than_CS22 reduce_VVI the_AT difficulties_NN2 now_RT experienced_VVN in_II the_AT development_NN1 of_IO mineral_NN1 resources_NN2 in_II private_JJ land_NN1 ,_, where_CS the_AT landowner_NN1 has_VHZ an_AT1 effective_JJ right_NN of_IO veto_NN1 on_II such_DA development_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL As_CSA already_RR mentioned_VVN ,_, the_AT second_MD and_CC third_MD of_IO the_AT options_NN2 listed_VVD *-_- resumption_NN1 of_IO mineral_NN1 ownership_NN1 by_II the_AT Crown_NN1 and_CC the_AT introduction_NN1 of_IO taxation_NN1 measures_VVZ encouraging_JJ abandonment_NN1 of_IO private_JJ minerals_NN2 to_II Crown_NN1 ownership_NN1 *-_- have_VH0 been_VBN adopted_VVN and_CC applied_VVN in_II comparable_JJ jurisdictions_NN2 faced_VVN with_IW problems_NN2 similar_JJ to_II those_DD2 in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 have_VH0 been_VBN informed_VVN by_II persons_NN2 operating_VVG in_II those_DD2 jurisdictions_NN2 that_CST they_PPHS2 have_VH0 been_VBN effective_JJ reforms_NN2 *-_- rather_RG less_RRR so_CS in_II the_AT case_NN1 of_IO the_AT taxation_NN1 option_NN1 than_CSN in_II the_AT cases_NN2 of_IO general_JJ Crown_NN1 resumption_NN1 of_IO ownership_NN1 of_IO private_JJ minerals_NN2 and_CC of_IO the_AT rights_NN2 needed_VVD to_TO mine_VVI them_PPHO2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT other_JJ three_MC options_NN2 *-_- linking_VVG mineral_NN1 ownership_NN1 and_CC extraction_NN1 rights_NN2 (_( both_RR Crown_NN1 and_CC private_JJ )_) and_CC removing_VVG the_AT requirement_NN1 for_IF private_JJ owners_NN2 '_GE consents_NN2 *-_- already_RR exist_VV0 in_II other_JJ jurisdictions_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ apparent_JJ to_II members_NN2 of_IO the_AT review_NN1 team_NN during_II discussions_NN2 with_IW Australian_JJ state_NN1 officials_NN2 that_CST the_AT problems_NN2 encountered_VVD under_II the_AT different_JJ practice_NN1 in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 were_VBDR absent_JJ or_CC greatly_RR reduced_VVN in_II the_AT Australian_JJ states_NN2 surveyed_VVD ._. ^ *<_NULL *6_NULL CHAPTER_NN1 3_MC :_: RIGHTS_NN2 OF_IO LANDOWNERS_NN2 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT ownership_NN1 of_IO land_NN1 and_CC of_IO minerals_NN2 are_VBR complex_JJ issues_NN2 which_DDQ were_VBDR dealt_VVN with_IW in_II the_AT previous_JJ chapter_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Here_RL we_PPIS2 deal_VV0 with_IW the_AT rights_NN2 of_IO landowners_NN2 and_CC occupiers_NN2 in_II31 respect_II32 of_II33 prospecting_VVG and_CC mining_VVG by_II others_NN2 on_II their_APPGE land_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT rights_NN2 which_DDQ have_VH0 to_TO be_VBI considered_VVN are_VBR :_: __NULL |_NULL *?_NULL 31_MC The_AT right_NN of_IO a_AT1 landowner_NN1 whose_DDQGE fee_NN1 simple_JJ title_NN1 gives_VVZ him_PPHO1 ownership_NN1 of_IO the_AT minerals_NN2 in_II his_APPGE land_NN1 ,_, to_TO consent_VVI or_CC not_XX ,_, to_II the_AT grant_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 mining_NN1 licence_NN1 or_CC a_AT1 prospecting_JJ licence_NN1 ;_; the_AT right_JJ to_TO require_VVI conditions_NN2 to_TO be_VBI attached_VVN to_II this_DD1 consent_NN1 ;_; and_CC the_AT question_NN1 of_IO whether_CSW a_AT1 consent_NN1 given_VVN in_II such_DA a_AT1 case_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 prospecting_JJ licence_NN1 should_VM be_VBI binding_VVG on_II the_AT landowner_NN1 in_II the_AT event_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 subsequent_JJ mining_NN1 licence_NN1 application_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL *?_NULL 31_MC The_AT right_JJ to_TO refuse_VVI access_NN1 to_II his_APPGE land_NN1 for_IF gold_NN1 and_CC silver_NN1 prospecting_VVG and_CC mining_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL *?_NULL 31_MC The_AT right_NN of_IO a_ZZ1 landholder_VV0 to_TO notice_VVI of_IO entry_NN1 on_II21 to_II22 his_APPGE land_NN1 by_II a_AT1 licence_NN1 holder_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL *?_NULL 31_MC The_AT entitlement_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 landholder_NN1 whose_DDQGE fee_NN1 simple_JJ title_NN1 reserves_VVZ mineral_NN1 ownership_NN1 to_II the_AT Crown_NN1 to_TO ask_VVI for_IF conditions_NN2 to_TO be_VBI placed_VVN on_II a_AT1 licence_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL *?_NULL 31_MC The_AT right_NN of_IO a_AT1 landholder_NN1 to_II compensation_NN1 for_IF damage_NN1 done_VDN and_CC for_IF loss_NN1 of_IO use_NN1 of_IO land_NN1 due_II21 to_II22 prospecting_VVG or_CC mining_VVG operations_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT classes_NN2 of_IO land_NN1 which_DDQ will_VM be_VBI considered_VVN are_VBR as_CSA follows_VVZ :_: __NULL |_NULL *?_NULL 31_MC Maori_JJ land_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL *?_NULL 31_MC Freehold_NN1 land_NN1 where_RRQ the_AT mineral_NN1 ownership_NN1 is_VBZ vested_JJ in_II the_AT titleholder_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL *?_NULL 31_MC Freehold_NN1 land_NN1 where_RRQ the_AT mineral_NN1 ownership_NN1 is_VBZ reserved_VVN to_II the_AT Crown_NN1 and_CC Crown_NN1 leasehold_NN1 land_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 should_VM be_VBI noted_VVN that_DD1 Crown_NN1 land_NN1 subject_II21 to_II22 ministerial_JJ consent_NN1 has_VHZ not_XX been_VBN dealt_VVN with_IW in_II this_DD1 chapter_NN1 and_CC that_DD1 gold_NN1 and_CC silver_NN1 are_VBR always_RR reserved_VVN to_II the_AT Crown_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Taking_VVG the_AT land_NN1 categories_NN2 in_II order_NN1 :_: *<_NULL *4_NULL Maori_JJ Land_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Maori_JJ land_NN1 is_VBZ open_JJ for_IF prospecting_VVG or_CC mining_VVG only_RR with_IW the_AT written_JJ consent_NN1 of_IO the_AT owners_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_RR21 general_RR22 this_DD1 provides_VVZ adequate_JJ protection_NN1 because_CS consent_NN1 can_VM always_RR be_VBI withheld_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II the_AT case_NN1 of_IO exploration_NN1 licences_NN2 ,_, no_AT owner_NN1 's_VBZ consent_NN1 is_VBZ required_VVN for_IF Maori_JJ land_NN1 ,_, or_CC for_IF any_DD other_JJ class_NN1 of_IO land_NN1 ,_, except_CS to_TO enter_VVI on_RP or_CC near_II21 to_II22 certain_JJ protected_JJ places_NN2 {_NULL eg_REX }_NULL land_NN1 under_II crop_NN1 ,_, gardens_NN2 ,_, orchards_NN2 ,_, burial_NN1 grounds_NN2 ,_, waterworks_NN2 ,_, air_NN1 strips_NN2 ,_, \_NULL etc_RA ._. ^ ^_NULL Other_II21 than_II22 these_DD2 protected_JJ areas_NN2 all_DB that_DD1 is_VBZ at_RR21 present_RR22 required_VVN is_VBZ that_CST the_AT licensee_NN1 should_VM give_VVI reasonable_JJ notice_NN1 of_IO entry_NN1 ,_, if_CS practicable_JJ ,_, to_II the_AT owner_NN1 and_CC occupier_NN1 of_IO the_AT land_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II 1983_MC the_AT Public_NN and_CC Administrative_JJ Law_NN1 Reform_NN1 Committee_NNJ recommended_VVD that_CST 7_MC days_NNT2 '_GE notice_NN1 be_VBI given_VVN to_TO land_VVI occupiers_NN2 before_II entry_NN1 is_VBZ made_VVN on_II land_NN1 by_II holders_NN2 of_IO exploration_NN1 licences_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL We_PPIS2 received_VVD a_AT1 submission_NN1 which_DDQ recommended_VVD that_CST the_AT holder_NN1 of_IO any_DD licence_NN1 on_II Maori_JJ land_NN1 *"_" should_VM employ_VVI a_AT1 kaumatua_NN1 consultant_NN1 from_II that_DD1 tribal_JJ area_NN1 for_IF the_AT duration_NN1 of_IO the_AT work_NN1 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL If_CS this_DD1 suggestion_NN1 is_VBZ taken_VVN up_RP it_PPH1 would_VM only_RR be_VBI necessary_JJ to_TO legislate_VVI for_IF it_PPH1 in_II the_AT case_NN1 of_IO exploration_NN1 licences_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Under_II present_JJ law_NN1 all_DB other_JJ licences_NN2 may_VM be_VBI granted_VVN only_RR within_II the_AT consent_NN1 of_IO the_AT Maori_JJ owners_NN2 who_PNQS in_II giving_VVG it_PPH1 could_VM require_VVI the_AT appointment_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 kaumatua_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT same_DA submission_NN1 made_VVD the_AT additional_JJ point_NN1 that_CST where_CS land_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN endowed_VVN by_II Maori_JJ people_NN for_IF some_DD particular_JJ purpose_NN1 ,_, and_CC subsequently_RR the_AT Minister_NN1 of_IO Energy_NN1 seeks_VVZ to_TO bring_VVI the_AT endowment_NN1 within_II the_AT operation_NN1 of_IO the_AT Mining_NN1 Act_NN1 ,_, he_PPHS1 ought_VMK first_MD to_TO obtain_VVI the_AT consent_NN1 of_IO those_DD2 who_PNQS made_VVD the_AT endowment_NN1 as_CC31 well_CC32 as_CC33 that_DD1 of_IO the_AT authority_NN1 which_DDQ administers_VVZ it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 requirement_NN1 ,_, if_CS adopted_VVN ,_, could_VM well_RR be_VBI applied_VVN to_II all_DB endowment_NN1 land_NN1 ,_, Maori_NP1 or_CC otherwise_RR ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Freehold_NN1 land_NN1 where_RRQ mineral_NN1 ownership_NN1 is_VBZ reserved_VVN to_II the_AT titleholder_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL This_DD1 class_NN1 of_IO land_NN1 is_VBZ defined_VVN as_CSA *"_" private_JJ land_NN1 **"_" for_IF the_AT purposes_NN2 of_IO the_AT Mining_NN1 Act_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ open_JJ for_IF prospecting_VVG or_CC mining_VVG only_RR with_IW the_AT consent_NN1 of_IO the_AT titleholder_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 definition_NN1 needs_VVZ to_TO be_VBI borne_VVN in_II mind_NN1 in_II reading_VVG the_AT following_JJ paragraphs_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II31 spite_II32 of_II33 what_DDQ follows_VVZ and_CC for_IF so_CS31 long_CS32 as_CS33 the_AT present_JJ interpretation_NN1 of_IO the_AT law_NN1 relating_VVG to_II access_NN1 to_II gold_NN1 and_CC silver_NN1 is_VBZ retained_VVN ,_, the_AT landowner_NN1 is_VBZ in_II control_NN1 of_IO the_AT situation_NN1 because_CS his_APPGE land_NN1 is_VBZ only_RR open_JJ for_IF mining_VVG with_IW his_APPGE consent_NN1 and_CC presumably_RR he_PPHS1 will_VM only_RR consent_VVI if_CSW he_PPHS1 thinks_VVZ it_PPH1 is_VBZ in_II his_APPGE interest_NN1 to_TO do_VDI so_RR ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Consent_NN1 to_II prospecting_VVG or_CC mining_NN1 may_VM be_VBI granted_VVN subject_II21 to_II22 conditions_NN2 to_TO be_VBI attached_VVN to_II the_AT licence_NN1 but_CCB these_DD2 conditions_NN2 are_VBR appealable_JJ if_CSW considered_VVN to_TO be_VBI unreasonable_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Without_IW the_AT consent_NN1 of_IO the_AT landholder_NN1 an_AT1 application_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 licence_NN1 over_II private_JJ land_NN1 is_VBZ void_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Consent_NN1 once_RR given_VVN is_VBZ irrevocable_JJ and_CC is_VBZ binding_VVG on_II successors_NN2 to_II the_AT land_NN1 title_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Also_RR ,_, consent_NN1 to_II a_AT1 prospecting_JJ licence_NN1 for_IF minerals_NN2 other_II21 than_II22 coal_NN1 constitutes_VVZ a_AT1 consent_NN1 to_II a_AT1 subsequent_JJ mining_NN1 licence_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL However_RR ,_, when_CS a_AT1 mining_NN1 licence_NN1 is_VBZ applied_VVN for_IF ,_, a_AT1 landowner_NN1 may_VM require_VVI additional_JJ conditions_NN2 relating_VVG to_II protection_NN1 and_CC rehabilitation_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE land_NN1 to_TO be_VBI placed_VVN on_II the_AT licence_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT question_NN1 as_II21 to_II22 whether_CSW a_AT1 consent_NN1 by_II a_AT1 private_JJ landowner_NN1 to_II a_AT1 prospecting_JJ licence_NN1 should_VM carry_VVI over_RP to_II a_AT1 subsequent_JJ mining_NN1 licence_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 contentious_JJ one_PN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Under_II the_AT Coal_NN1 Mining_NN1 Act_NN1 separate_JJ consents_NN2 are_VBR required_VVN ,_, but_CCB a_AT1 Mining_NN1 Act_NN1 consent_NN1 to_II prospecting_NN1 is_VBZ deemed_VVN to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 consent_NN1 to_II subsequent_JJ mining_NN1 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 288+TEXT+H24_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL The_AT Conservation_NN1 Act_NN1 requires_VVZ that_CST new_JJ commercial_JJ concessions_NN2 can_VM be_VBI granted_VVN only_RR in_II accordance_NN1 with_IW an_AT1 approved_JJ management_NN plan_NN1 ,_, frequently_RR delaying_VVG their_APPGE authorisation_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT granting_NN1 of_IO concessions_NN2 to_TO provide_VVI facilities_NN2 and_CC services_NN2 for_IF visitors_NN2 to_II stewardship_NN1 and_CC protected_JJ areas_NN2 has_VHZ benefits_NN2 for_IF both_DB2 the_AT public_NN and_CC resource_NN1 managers_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ already_RR frustration_NN1 by_II potential_JJ commercial_JJ operators_NN2 and_CC the_AT tourism_NN1 industry_NN1 at_II the_AT time_NNT1 taken_VVN to_TO grant_VVI or_CC decline_NN1 concession_NN1 applications_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Management_NN plans_NN2 are_VBR required_VVN for_IF all_DB conservation_NN1 areas_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT department_NNJ is_VBZ joining_VVG with_IW the_AT tourism_NN1 industry_NN1 in_II looking_VVG at_II ways_NN2 of_IO streamlining_VVG the_AT management_NN planning_NN1 process_NN1 for_IF national_JJ parks_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ also_RR beginning_VVG the_AT process_NN1 of_IO developing_VVG a_AT1 new_JJ policy_NN1 appropriate_JJ to_II the_AT responsibilities_NN2 of_IO the_AT new_JJ department_NNJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Changes_NN2 to_II the_AT Conservation_NN1 Act_NN1 to_TO provide_VVI for_IF provisional_JJ concessionaire_NN1 activity_NN1 may_VM need_VVI to_TO be_VBI considered_VVN to_TO overcome_VVI these_DD2 problems_NN2 ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL User_NN1 Pays_NN2 and_CC Cost_NN1 Recovery_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Cost_NN1 recovery_NN1 targets_NN2 are_VBR high_JJ and_CC will_VM be_VBI difficult_JJ to_TO achieve_VVI ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT Conservation_NN1 Act_NN1 1987_MC provides_VVZ that_CST public_JJ access_NN1 to_II and_CC use_NN1 of_IO conservation_NN1 areas_NN2 shall_VM be_VBI free_JJ of_IO charge_NN1 ,_, including_II use_NN1 of_IO roads_NN2 ,_, paths_NN2 and_CC tracks_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT department_NNJ may_VM charge_VVI for_IF the_AT use_NN1 of_IO facilities_NN2 and_CC services_NN2 but_CCB it_PPH1 is_VBZ not_XX yet_RR clear_JJ to_II what_DDQ extent_NN1 users_NN2 will_VM pay_VVI for_IF this_DD1 limited_JJ range_NN1 of_IO recreation/_FO tourism_NN1 services_NN2 and_CC facilities_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Any_DD charges_NN2 made_VVN or_CC revenue_NN1 generating_VVG system_NN1 implemented_VVD must_VM reflect_VVI the_AT level_NN1 and_CC quality_NN1 of_IO service_NN1 provided_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL At_RR21 present_RR22 ,_, funding_VVG levels_NN2 are_VBR such_DA that_CST maintenance_NN1 of_IO existing_JJ facilities_NN2 will_VM be_VBI difficult_JJ and_CC quality_NN1 of_IO service_NN1 will_VM be_VBI hard_JJ to_TO maintain_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL Resistance_NN1 to_II charging_VVG for_IF previously_RR free_JJ services_NN2 and_CC facilities_NN2 (_( huts_NN2 for_REX21 example_REX22 )_) can_VM be_VBI expected_VVN and_CC substantial_JJ increases_NN2 in_II charges_NN2 creates_VVZ consumer_NN1 resistance_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL 4Commercial_FO and_CC Public_JJ Service_NN1 Activities_NN2 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Some_DD {_NULL DOC_NN1 }_NULL activities_NN2 and_CC functions_NN2 are_VBR purely_RR a_AT1 public_JJ service_NN1 and_CC should_VM not_XX be_VBI expected_VVN to_TO recover_VVI costs_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Others_NN2 have_VH0 commercial_JJ aspects_NN2 and_CC targets_NN2 should_VM be_VBI set_VVN to_TO recover_VVI costs_NN2 from_II those_DD2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Some_DD directorates_NN2 (_( Protected_JJ Ecosystems_NN2 and_CC Species_NN for_REX21 example_REX22 )_) ,_, provide_VV0 a_AT1 purely_RR public_JJ service_NN1 and_CC can_VM not_XX be_VBI expected_VVN to_TO recover_VVI costs_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Others_NN2 (_( such_II21 as_II22 Recreation_NN1 and_CC Tourism_NN1 )_) ,_, provide_VV0 some_DD services_NN2 and_CC facilities_NN2 that_CST can_VM be_VBI charged_VVN and_CC for_IF which_DDQ cost_VV0 recovery_NN1 is_VBZ therefore_RR possible_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Consideration_NN1 should_VM be_VBI given_VVN to_II separating_VVG these_DD2 functions_NN2 out_RP and_CC setting_VVG targets_NN2 for_IF cost_NN1 recovery_NN1 only_RR from_II functional_JJ areas_NN2 of_IO the_AT department_NNJ with_IW the_AT ability_NN1 to_TO recover_VVI costs_NN2 ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL No_AT Offence_NN1 Provisions_NN2 for_IF Concessions_NN2 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Conservation_NN1 Act_NN1 contains_VVZ no_AT provision_NN1 making_VVG it_PPH1 an_AT1 offence_NN1 to_TO undertake_VVI a_AT1 commercial_JJ operation_NN1 in_II a_AT1 conservation_NN1 area_NN1 without_IW a_AT1 lease_NN1 or_CC licence_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL In_II several_DA2 districts_NN2 ,_, particularly_RR Northland_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO commercial_JJ entrepreneurs_NN2 are_VBR operating_VVG in_II conservation_NN1 areas_NN2 without_IW a_AT1 lease_NN1 or_CC licence_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL These_DD2 areas_NN2 do_VD0 not_XX have_VHI current_JJ management_NN plans_NN2 as_CSA required_VVN by_II the_AT Conservation_NN1 Act_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Without_IW offence_NN1 provisions_NN2 in_II the_AT Conservation_NN1 Act_NN1 the_AT Department_NNJ can_VM not_XX enforce_VVI the_AT intent_NN1 that_CST all_DB commercial_JJ activity_NN1 be_VBI subject_II21 to_II22 a_AT1 lease_NN1 or_CC licence_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT department_NNJ will_VM face_VVI public_JJ criticism_NN1 if_CS it_PPH1 permits_VVZ commercial_JJ activity_NN1 on_II its_APPGE lands_NN2 without_IW a_AT1 formal_JJ licence_NN1 agreement_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Changes_NN2 to_II the_AT Conservation_NN1 Act_NN1 to_TO include_VVI offence_NN1 provisions_NN2 need_VV0 to_TO be_VBI considered_VVN and_CC ,_, in_II the_AT meantime_NNT1 ,_, solutions_NN2 need_VV0 to_TO be_VBI found_VVN to_TO allow_VVI the_AT department_NNJ to_TO grant_VVI leases_NN2 and_CC licences_NN2 ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Additional_JJ Funding_NN1 From_II the_AT Tourism_NN1 Sector_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ a_AT1 strong_JJ case_NN1 for_IF additional_JJ funding_NN1 to_II the_AT Department_NNJ from_II the_AT Tourism_NN1 Sector_NN1 because_CS overseas_JJ visitors_NN2 use_VV0 departmental_JJ facilities_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Overseas_JJ tourists_NN2 use_VV0 facilities_NN2 and_CC services_NN2 that_DD1 {_NULL DOC_NN1 }_NULL provide_VV0 ,_, both_DB2 those_DD2 that_CST are_VBR currently_RR provided_VVN free_JJ of_IO charge_NN1 and_CC those_DD2 that_CST are_VBR charged_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ clear_JJ that_CST many_DA2 overseas_JJ visitors_NN2 come_VV0 to_TO New_NP Zealand_NP1 specifically_RR to_TO enjoy_VVI national_JJ parks_NN2 and_CC other_JJ natural_JJ areas_NN2 in_II the_AT public_JJ domain_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Those_DD2 facilities_NN2 for_IF which_DDQ no_AT charges_NN2 are_VBR made_VVN are_VBR a_AT1 cost_NN1 to_II the_AT taxpayer_NN1 and_CC additional_JJ funding_NN1 from_II the_AT tourism_NN1 sector_NN1 should_VM be_VBI sought_VVN to_TO help_VVI pay_NN1 for_IF them_PPHO2 ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Additional_JJ Government_NNJ Taxing_VVG Through_II {_NULL GST_NP }_NULL *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Visitors_NN2 pay_VV0 {_NULL GST_NP }_NULL for_IF facilities_NN2 and_CC services_NN2 provided_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 extra_JJ revenue_NN1 to_II conservation_NN1 areas_NN2 could_VM provide_VVI more_DAR Government_NN funding_VVG for_IF conservation_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Overseas_RL and_CC domestic_JJ tourists_NN2 pay_VV0 {_NULL GST_NP }_NULL for_IF services_NN2 and_CC facilities_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 can_VM be_VBI argued_VVN that_CST additional_JJ funding_NN1 for_IF the_AT department_NNJ should_VM be_VBI made_VVN available_JJ because_II21 of_II22 the_AT extra_JJ revenue_NN1 {_NULL GST_NP }_NULL provides_VVZ ._. ^ ^_NULL These_DD2 extra_JJ funds_NN2 should_VM be_VBI put_VVN to_II provision_NN1 of_IO tourist/_FO visitor_NN1 amenities_NN2 on_II protected_JJ natural_JJ areas_NN2 ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL {_NULL CAPS_NN2 }_NULL Scheme_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT {_NULL CAPS_NN2 }_NULL Scheme_NN1 ,_, although_CS helpful_JJ ,_, can_VM not_XX compensate_VVI for_IF extra_JJ funding_NN1 required_VVD to_TO provide_VVI visitor_NN1 facilities_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Money_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN provided_VVN for_IF development_NN1 of_IO facilities_NN2 over_II the_AT last_MD 2_MC years_NNT2 through_II the_AT {_NULL CAPS_NN2 }_NULL scheme_VV0 administered_VVN by_II Tourist_NN1 and_CC Publicity_NN1 Department_NNJ ._. ^ ^_NULL While_CS the_AT department_NNJ welcomes_VVZ any_DD funding_NN1 ,_, the_AT appropriateness_NN1 of_IO another_DD1 Minister_NN1 raising_VVG revenue_NN1 for_IF {_NULL DOC_NN1 }_NULL lands_NN2 raises_VVZ difficulties_NN2 with_IW assessing_VVG priorities_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT department_NNJ itself_PPX1 should_VM be_VBI able_JK to_TO set_VVI its_APPGE priorities_NN2 for_IF capital_NN1 development_NN1 and_CC is_VBZ less_RGR able_JK to_TO do_VDI so_CS when_CS some_DD of_IO the_AT funding_NN1 comes_VVZ from_II the_AT tourism_NN1 vote_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Oparara_NP1 ,_, Honeycomb_NP Hill_NNL1 Caves_NP1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX has_VHZ been_VBN recent_JJ pressure_NN1 to_TO develop_VVI these_DD2 caves_NN2 of_IO high_JJ scientific_JJ importance_NN1 for_IF commercial_JJ guided_JJ tours_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ recognised_VVN by_II several_DA2 scientific_JJ authorities_NN2 that_CST the_AT caves_NN2 contain_VV0 bird_NN1 bone_NN1 deposits_NN2 of_IO international_JJ significance_NN1 as_CC31 well_CC32 as_CC33 outstanding_JJ examples_NN2 of_IO cave_NN1 morphology_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO provide_VVI some_DD support_NN1 for_IF recreational_JJ developments_NN2 in_II Karamea_NP1 (_( without_IW risking_VVG irrevocable_JJ damage_NN1 to_II the_AT cave_NN1 system_NN1 )_) a_AT1 small_JJ section_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN *"_" developed_VVN **"_" for_IF guided_JJ tours_NN2 operated_VVD on_II a_AT1 cost_NN1 recovery_NN1 basis_NN1 by_II the_AT Department_NNJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Tour_NP1 parties_NN2 are_VBR kept_VVN small_JJ and_CC only_RR a_AT1 small_JJ number_NN1 of_IO trips_NN2 are_VBR undertaken_VVN every_AT1 year_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 Scientific_JJ Advisory_JJ Committee_NNJ has_VHZ strongly_RR recommended_VVN against_II commercial_JJ development_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 period_NN1 of_IO years_NNT2 so_CS21 that_CS22 the_AT effects_NN2 of_IO the_AT present_JJ level_NN1 of_IO use_NN1 can_VM be_VBI monitored_VVN and_CC assessed_VVN ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Mount_NNL1 Robert_NP Ski_NP Field_NP Access_NP Road_NNL1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Nelson-Marlborough_NP1 National_JJ Park_NNL1 and_CC Reserves_NN2 Board_NNJ has_VHZ supported_VVN a_AT1 Nelson_NP1 Ski_NN1 Club_NNJ application_NN1 to_TO build_VVI a_AT1 road_NN1 to_II its_APPGE skifield_NN1 ;_; an_AT1 application_NN1 that_CST had_VHD been_VBN turned_VVN down_RP by_II the_AT National_JJ Parks_NN2 and_CC Reserves_VVZ Authority_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL There_EX are_VBR four_MC major_JJ concerns_NN2 that_CST lead_VV0 to_II the_AT Authority_NN1 rejecting_VVG the_AT proposal_NN1 :_: *-_- __NULL |_NULL *-_- ^_NULL The_AT road_NN1 would_VM not_XX significantly_RR reduce_VVI the_AT walking_JJ distance_NN1 to_II the_AT ski_NN1 field_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL *-_- ^_NULL The_AT construction_NN1 of_IO the_AT road_NN1 was_VBDZ fraught_JJ with_IW physical_JJ and_CC environmental_JJ problems_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL *-_- ^_NULL The_AT road_NN1 would_VM not_XX enhance_VVI the_AT ability_NN1 to_II quickly_RR evacuate_JJ ski_NN1 patrons_NN2 from_II the_AT ski_NN1 field_NN1 in_II adverse_JJ weather_NN1 conditions_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL *-_- ^_NULL The_AT development_NN1 costs_NN2 are_VBR high_RR compared_VVN to_II the_AT snow_NN1 reliability_NN1 of_IO the_AT field_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Department_NNJ of_IO Conservation_NN1 supports_VVZ the_AT view_NN1 held_VVN by_II the_AT National_JJ Parks_NN2 and_CC Reserves_VVZ Authority_NN1 that_CST the_AT Mount_NNL1 Robert_NP access_NN1 road_NN1 should_VM not_XX be_VBI extended_VVN ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Review_NN1 of_IO Legislation_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Historic_JJ Places_NN2 Act_VV0 1980_MC contains_VVZ ineffective_JJ protection_NN1 for_IF many_DA2 historic_JJ places_NN2 ,_, and_CC major_JJ review_NN1 is_VBZ expected_VVN next_MD year_NNT1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Automatic_JJ protection_NN1 is_VBZ provided_VVN for_IF archaeological_JJ sites_NN2 only_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL However_RR ,_, this_DD1 does_VDZ not_XX prevent_VVI the_AT destruction_NN1 of_IO many_DA2 sites_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Once_RR traditional_JJ sites_NN2 and_CC historic_JJ areas_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN declared_VVN by_II the_AT Trust_NNJ ,_, recommendations_NN2 may_VM be_VBI made_VVN to_II the_AT local_JJ authority_NN1 on_II preservation_NN1 but_CCB there_EX is_VBZ no_AT requirement_NN1 that_CST those_DD2 recommendations_NN2 should_VM be_VBI acted_VVN upon_II ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ no_AT automatic_JJ protection_NN1 for_IF any_DD classified_JJ building_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Buildings_NP2 and_CC structures_NN2 classified_VVD A_ZZ1 or_CC B_ZZ1 can_VM have_VHI a_AT1 protection_NN1 notice_NN1 placed_VVN over_II them_PPHO2 with_IW the_AT consent_NN1 of_IO the_AT Minister_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT classification_NN1 procedure_NN1 laid_VVD out_RP in_II the_AT Act_NN1 is_VBZ cumbersome_JJ and_CC outdated_VVD by_II international_JJ standards_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT potential_NN1 for_IF compensation_NN1 to_TO be_VBI awarded_VVN against_II the_AT Trust_NNJ ,_, if_CS it_PPH1 infringes_VVZ the_AT rights_NN2 of_IO owners_NN2 in_II carrying_VVG out_RP its_APPGE statutory_JJ procedures_NN2 ,_, needs_VVZ clarification_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Protection_NN1 Notices_NN2 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Trust_NNJ 's_GE only_RR legal_JJ protection_NN1 against_II the_AT alteration_NN1 ,_, demolition_NN1 or_CC extension_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 historic_JJ building_NN1 classified_VVD A_ZZ1 or_CC B_ZZ1 is_VBZ to_TO issue_VVI a_AT1 protection_NN1 notice_NN1 which_DDQ must_VM be_VBI approved_VVN by_II the_AT Minister_NN1 of_IO Conservation_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT Historic_JJ Places_NN2 Trust_NNJ can_VM approach_VVI the_AT Minister_NN1 of_IO Conservation_NN1 for_IF approval_NN1 of_IO the_AT issuing_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 protection_NN1 notice_NN1 over_II a_AT1 building_NN1 classified_VVD A_ZZ1 or_CC B_ZZ1 when_RRQ the_AT Trust_NNJ believes_VVZ a_AT1 building_NN1 may_VM be_VBI under_II threat_NN1 ,_, or_CC proposed_JJ alterations_NN2 are_VBR unsympathetic_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Ten_MC protection_NN1 notices_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN issued_VVN *-_- 500_MC buildings_NN2 are_VBR classified_VVN A_ZZ1 or_CC B._NP1 ^_NULL The_AT Minister_NN1 may_VM be_VBI asked_VVN to_TO sign_VVI protection_NN1 notices_VVZ on_II buildings_NN2 owned_VVD by_II major_JJ developers_NN2 ,_, private_JJ individuals_NN2 ,_, local_JJ authorities_NN2 ,_, state_NN1 owned_VVD enterprises_NN2 and_CC the_AT Crown_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 protection_NN1 notice_NN1 over_II the_AT State_NN1 Insurance_NN1 Office_NN1 ,_, Wellington_NP1 may_VM be_VBI presented_VVN for_IF approval_NN1 in_II the_AT near_JJ future_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Financial_JJ and_CC Planning_VVG Incentives_NN2 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ pressure_NN1 building_NN1 to_TO introduce_VVI financial_JJ and_CC planning_VVG incentives_NN2 to_TO encourage_VVI owners_NN2 of_IO historic_JJ places_NN2 to_TO preserve_VVI their_APPGE properties_NN2 rather_CS21 than_CS22 destroy_VVI them_PPHO2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL In_II many_DA2 cases_NN2 it_PPH1 is_VBZ financially_RR advantageous_JJ for_IF an_AT1 owner_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 historic_JJ property_NN1 to_TO demolish_VVI or_CC destroy_VVI it_PPH1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II a_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO overseas_JJ countries_NN2 ,_, tax_NN1 incentives_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN introduced_VVN and_CC have_VH0 resulted_VVN in_II a_AT1 greater_JJR recognition_NN1 of_IO the_AT value_NN1 of_IO rehabilitation_NN1 of_IO historic_JJ properties_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ a_AT1 requirement_NN1 to_TO consider_VVI the_AT introduction_NN1 of_IO tax_NN1 incentives_NN2 or_CC other_JJ financial_JJ incentives_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 rates_NN2 relief_NN1 and_CC recognition_NN1 of_IO heritage_NN1 values_NN2 in_II land_NN1 valuations_NN2 ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Maori_NP1 Traditional_NP1 Sites_NN2 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX may_VM be_VBI increasing_VVG pressure_NN1 placed_VVN on_II the_AT Minister_NN1 to_TO become_VVI involved_JJ in_II issues_NN2 relating_VVG to_II the_AT recognition_NN1 and_CC protection_NN1 of_IO traditional_JJ sites_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT Trust_NNJ may_VM declare_VVI a_AT1 place_NN1 or_CC site_NN1 as_II a_AT1 traditional_JJ site_NN1 which_DDQ is_VBZ important_JJ by_II31 reason_II32 of_II33 its_APPGE historic_JJ significance_NN1 or_CC spiritual_JJ or_CC emotional_JJ association_NN1 with_IW the_AT Maori_JJ people_NN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL While_CS the_AT Minister_NN1 rarely_RR becomes_VVZ involved_JJ in_II the_AT declaration_NN1 of_IO traditional_JJ sites_NN2 ,_, some_DD groups_NN2 may_VM make_VVI a_AT1 direct_JJ approach_NN1 to_II the_AT Minister_NN1 regarding_II protection_NN1 of_IO such_DA sites_NN2 ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Archaeological_JJ Sites_NN2 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Individuals_NN2 or_CC organisations_NN2 can_VM appeal_VVI to_II the_AT Minister_NN1 against_II decisions_NN2 made_VVN by_II the_AT Trust_NNJ on_II the_AT Protection_NN1 of_IO Archaeological_JJ sites_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL One_MC1 such_DA appeal_NN1 is_VBZ before_II the_AT Minister_NN1 at_RR21 present_RR22 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Section_NN1 48_MC of_IO the_AT Historic_JJ Places_NN2 Act_NN1 provides_VVZ the_AT right_NN of_IO appeal_NN1 to_II the_AT Minister_NN1 against_II any_DD decision_NN1 made_VVN by_II the_AT Trust_NNJ under_II the_AT protection_NN1 of_IO archaeological_JJ sites_NN2 provisions_NN2 of_IO Section_NN1 46_MC of_IO the_AT Act_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT appeal_NN1 before_II the_AT Minister_NN1 is_VBZ from_II Wilkins_NP1 and_CC Davies_NP1 in_II Auckland_NP1 and_CC was_VBDZ lodged_VVN on_II 28_MC January_NPM1 1987_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT appeal_NN1 is_VBZ against_II the_AT Trust_NNJ 's_GE decision_NN1 to_TO decline_VVI an_AT1 authority_NN1 to_TO modify_VVI archaeological_JJ sites_NN2 by_II the_AT Ohiatua_NP1 Quarry_NP1 Development_NN1 ,_, Mangere_NP1 ,_, Auckland_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Trust_NNJ and_CC {_NULL DOC_NN1 }_NULL are_VBR considering_VVG possibilities_NN2 of_IO gaining_VVG long_JJ term_NN1 protection_NN1 of_IO archaeological_JJ sites_NN2 on_II this_DD1 land_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 represent_VV0 the_AT last_MD substantial_JJ remains_NN2 of_IO pre-European_JJ settlements_NN2 on_II Auckland_NP1 's_GE volcanic_JJ lava_NN1 fields_NN2 ._. ^ *<_NULL *6_NULL 4.5_MC ADVOCACY_NN1 AND_CC EXTENSION_NN1 *>_NULL ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Quango_NP1 Review_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Department_NNJ is_VBZ reviewing_VVG the_AT structure_NN1 and_CC functions_NN2 of_IO all_DB quangos_NN2 serviced_VVD by_II it_PPH1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Certain_JJ areas_NN2 of_IO conservation_NN1 advice_NN1 and_CC management_NN are_VBR covered_VVN by_II a_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO quangos_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT reorganisation_NN1 of_IO environmental_JJ administration_NN ,_, has_VHZ raised_VVN questions_NN2 over_II the_AT relevance_NN1 of_IO some_DD quangos_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL A_AT1 system_NN1 is_VBZ needed_VVN to_TO channel_VVI public_JJ experience_NN1 and_CC information_NN1 on_II conservation_NN1 issues_NN2 ,_, as_CSA the_AT Department_NNJ does_VDZ not_XX have_VHI a_AT1 monopoly_NN1 on_II conservation_NN1 wisdom_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Quangos_NP1 being_NN1 reviewed_VVD include_VV0 the_AT National_JJ Parks_NN2 and_CC Reserves_VVZ Authority_NN1 and_CC its_APPGE boards_NN2 ;_; Forest_NP Park_NNL1 Advisory_JJ Committees_NNJ2 ;_; the_AT Nature_NN1 Conservation_NN1 Council_NNJ ;_; Walkways_NP1 Commission_NNJ and_CC Acclimatisation_NN1 Societies_NN2 ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Antarctica_NP1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Department_NNJ has_VHZ a_AT1 responsibility_NN1 to_TO promote_VVI the_AT conservation_NN1 of_IO the_AT natural_JJ and_CC historic_JJ features_NN2 of_IO the_AT Ross_NP1 Dependency_NN1 and_CC Antarctica_NP1 generally_RR ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Current_JJ debate_NN1 on_II Antarctica_NP1 reveals_VVZ two_MC opposing_JJ positions_NN2 :_: protect_VV0 the_AT continent_NN1 's_VBZ conservation_NN1 values_NN2 or_CC explore_VV0 its_APPGE development_NN1 potential_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Antarctica_NP1 is_VBZ seen_VVN as_II the_AT world_NN1 's_VBZ last_MD vast_JJ wilderness_NN1 and_CC provides_VVZ a_AT1 baseline_NN1 for_IF study_NN1 of_IO world-wide_JJ environment_NN1 trends_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Conservation_NN1 appears_VVZ to_TO have_VHI been_VBN favoured_VVN by_II past_NN1 New_NP Zealand_NP1 governments_NNJ2 ._. ^ ^_NULL New_NP Zealand_NP1 's_GE ability_NN1 to_TO exert_VVI its_APPGE sovereignty_NN1 claim_NN1 over_II Antarctic_NP1 territory_NN1 is_VBZ limited_VVN and_CC pressures_NN2 to_TO develop_VVI the_AT continent_NN1 are_VBR strong_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL New_NP Zealand_NP1 must_VM maintain_VVI active_JJ involvement_NN1 in_II discussions_NN2 regarding_II development_NN1 proposals_NN2 ,_, (_( {_NULL eg_REX }_NULL mineral_NN1 exploitation_NN1 )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 world_NN1 park_NN1 status_NN1 for_IF the_AT continent_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN advocated_VVN by_II environmental_JJ groups_NN2 ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Conservation_NN1 Economics_NN *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Further_JJR study_NN1 of_IO economic_JJ benefits_NN2 to_II the_AT Department_NNJ from_II use_NN1 of_IO conservation_NN1 areas_NN2 is_VBZ required_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Not_XX all_DB the_AT benefits_NN2 generated_VVD by_II conservation_NN1 initiatives_NN2 are_VBR in_II a_AT1 form_NN1 that_CST can_VM be_VBI marketed_VVN by_II the_AT Department_NNJ ._. ^ ^_NULL For_REX21 example_REX22 a_AT1 national_JJ park_NN1 may_VM generate_VVI tourism_NN1 which_DDQ benefits_NN2 a_AT1 regional_JJ economy_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Presently_RR the_AT tourist_NN1 industry_NN1 provides_VVZ modest_JJ financial_JJ grants_NN2 for_IF park_NN1 visitor_NN1 centres_NN2 ,_, tracks_NN2 \_NULL etc_RA ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL A_AT1 better_JJR understanding_NN1 of_IO regional_JJ economic_JJ benefits_NN2 may_VM enable_VVI the_AT Department_NNJ to_TO obtain_VVI additional_JJ funds_NN2 from_II other_JJ sections_NN2 of_IO the_AT community_NNJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Even_CS21 if_CS22 a_AT1 region_NN1 was_VBDZ simply_RR aware_JJ of_IO the_AT magnitude_NN1 of_IO benefits_NN2 generated_VVD by_II protected_JJ areas_NN2 public_JJ support_NN1 for_IF conservation_NN1 would_VM be_VBI enhanced_VVN ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Review_NN1 of_IO Resources_NN2 *-_- Use_VV0 Statutes_NN2 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Department_NNJ is_VBZ providing_VVG an_AT1 input_NN1 into_II the_AT current_JJ review_NN1 of_IO resource-use_JJ statutes_NN2 to_TO ensure_VVI adequate_JJ consideration_NN1 is_VBZ given_VVN to_II the_AT conservation_NN1 perspective_NN1 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 289+TEXT+H25_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *1_NULL Framework_NP1 is_VBZ a_AT1 recently_RR developed_VVN community-based_JJ charitable_JJ trust_NN1 situated_VVD in_II Auckland_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ established_VVN to_TO take_VVI the_AT initiative_NN1 for_IF ,_, and_CC promote_VVI the_AT provision_NN1 of_IO ,_, projects_NN2 in_II the_AT community_NNJ for_IF people_NN who_PNQS have_VH0 experienced_VVN mental_JJ ill-health_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 paper_NN1 describes_VVZ the_AT development_NN1 of_IO Framework_NN1 from_II the_AT kernel_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 idea_NN1 to_II a_AT1 reality_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL The_AT Origins_NN2 of_IO Framework_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL In_II December_NPM1 1980_MC a_AT1 group_NN of_IO para-medicals_NN2 working_VVG at_II Carrington_NP1 Hospital_NNL1 in_II the_AT field_NN1 of_IO vocational_JJ rehabilitation_NN1 got_VVD together_RL to_TO discuss_VVI the_AT issue_NN1 of_IO unemployment_NN1 amongst_II psychiatric_JJ patients_NN2 following_VVG the_AT visit_NN1 of_IO \_NULL Dr._NNB Early_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL \_NULL Dr._NNB Early_JJ is_VBZ a_AT1 psychiatrist_NN1 working_VVG in_II this_DD1 field_NN1 in_II England_NP1 and_CC the_AT Mental_JJ Health_NN1 Foundation_NN1 had_VHD sponsored_VVN his_APPGE visit_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ was_VBDZ intended_VVN to_TO generate_VVI discussion_NN1 on_II ways_NN2 and_CC means_NN of_IO dealing_VVG with_IW this_DD1 problem_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL \_NULL Dr._NNB Early_JJ had_VHD been_VBN a_AT1 driving_JJ force_NN1 in_II establishing_VVG a_AT1 charitable_JJ trust_NN1 which_DDQ developed_VVD ,_, firstly_RR ,_, work_NN1 alternatives_NN2 for_IF ex-psychiatric_JJ patients_NN2 in_II the_AT form_NN1 of_IO Industrial_JJ Therapy_NN1 Units_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ were_VBDR outside_II the_AT hospital_NN1 institutions_NN2 ,_, and_CC secondly_RR ,_, alternative_JJ accommodation_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II 1981_MC a_ZZ1 working_JJ party_NN1 was_VBDZ formed_VVN to_TO address_VVI the_AT lack_NN1 of_IO community_NNJ resources_NN2 for_IF psychiatric_JJ patients_NN2 who_PNQS ,_, because_II21 of_II22 the_AT lack_NN1 of_IO such_DA facilities_NN2 ,_, remained_VVD linked_VVN with_IW hospital_NN1 services_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT working_JJ party_NN1 resolved_VVD that_CST a_AT1 charitable_JJ trust_NN1 could_VM cater_VVI for_IF these_DD2 people_NN by_II providing_VVG a_AT1 variety_NN1 of_IO services_NN2 to_TO be_VBI determined_VVN by_II the_AT expressed_JJ needs_NN2 of_IO psychiatric_JJ patients_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ envisaged_VVN that_CST a_AT1 charitable_JJ trust_NN1 could_VM utilise_VVI a_AT1 variety_NN1 of_IO funding_VVG sources_NN2 including_II Government_NNJ Departments_NNJ2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 Social_JJ Welfare_NN1 ,_, Labour_JJ ,_, and_CC Health_NN1 ,_, as_CC31 well_CC32 as_CC33 the_AT private_JJ sector_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Outpatient_NN1 Survey_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Later_RRR in_II 1981_MC two_MC {_NULL P.E.P._NP1 }_NULL workers_NN2 were_VBDR employed_VVN to_TO conduct_VVI a_AT1 survey_NN1 of_IO Carrington_NP1 Hospital_NNL1 staff_NN ,_, which_DDQ aimed_VVD to_TO assess_VVI the_AT needs_NN2 of_IO outpatients_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 second_MD survey_NN1 assessed_VVD the_AT availability_NN1 of_IO existing_JJ workshop_NN1 facilities_NN2 and_CC employment_NN1 opportunities_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Staff_NN from_II Carrington_NP1 Hospital_NNL1 and_CC its_APPGE affiliated_JJ agencies_NN2 ,_, who_PNQS were_VBDR working_VVG with_IW outpatients_NN2 and_CC ex-patients_NN2 ,_, completed_VVD a_AT1 questionnaire_NN1 on_II each_DD1 of_IO those_DD2 currently_RR unemployed_JJ and_CC appearing_VVG to_TO require_VVI sheltered_JJ employment_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT majority_NN of_IO questionnaires_NN2 were_VBDR completed_VVN by_II psychiatric_JJ home_NN1 visitor_NN1 staff_NN the_AT remainder_NN1 by_II staff_NN from_II the_AT Occupational_JJ and_CC Industrial_JJ Therapy_NN1 ,_, Psychology_NN1 and_CC Social_JJ Work_NN1 Departments_NNJ2 and_CC in_II the_AT affiliated_JJ community_NNJ mental_JJ health_NN1 centres_NN2 ,_, Ponsonby_NP1 Care_NN1 and_CC Pentlands_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL A_AT1 search_NN1 of_IO the_AT hospital_NN1 files_NN2 suggested_VVD a_AT1 target_NN1 population_NN1 of_IO approximately_RR 400_MC outpatients_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II all_DB ,_, questionnaires_NN2 for_IF 313_MC outpatients_NN2 were_VBDR returned_VVN ,_, aged_VVN from_II 15_MC to_II 60_MC years_NNT2 ,_, with_IW a_AT1 roughly_RR normal_JJ distribution_NN1 about_II a_AT1 mean_JJ age_NN1 of_IO 37.6_MC years_NNT2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Slightly_RR more_RRR of_IO this_DD1 sample_NN1 were_VBDR male_JJ (_( 56%_NNU )_) ,_, 77%_NNU were_VBDR of_IO European_JJ ethnic_JJ origin_NN1 ,_, with_IW 11%_NNU Maori_JJ and_CC Pacific_NP Island_NNL1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Out_II21 of_II22 this_DD1 sample_NN1 ,_, 87%_NNU have_VH0 worked_VVN ,_, and_CC of_IO those_DD2 only_JJ 14%_NNU were_VBDR dismissed_VVN from_II their_APPGE last_MD job_NN1 (_( predominantly_RR for_IF being_VBG *"_" too_RG slow_JJ **"_" )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT reasons_NN2 that_CST most_DAT gave_VVD for_IF leaving_VVG employment_NN1 were_VBDR *"_" illness_NN1 **"_" (_( 39%_NNU )_) or_CC leaving_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE own_DA accord_NN1 (_( 41%_NNU )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL Seventy-four_MC per_NNU21 cent_NNU22 of_IO the_AT sample_NN1 had_VHD worked_VVN in_II unskilled_JJ jobs_NN2 ,_, 10%_NNU in_II skilled_JJ jobs_NN2 ,_, 2%_NNU were_VBDR professionals_NN2 and_CC 2%_NNU were_VBDR students_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Based_VVN on_II knowledge_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE work_NN1 history_NN1 ,_, staff_NN rated_VVD work_NN1 *"_" regularity_NN1 and_CC consistency_NN1 **"_" for_IF 211_MC outpatients_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT results_NN2 suggested_VVD that_CST the_AT population_NN1 was_VBDZ divided_VVN into_II two_MC groups_NN2 ,_, one_MC1 group_NN of_IO moderately_RR inconsistent_JJ and_CC irregular_JJ workers_NN2 ,_, and_CC another_DD1 group_NN of_IO moderately_RR consistent_JJ and_CC regular_JJ workers_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL (_( This_DD1 suggestion_NN1 ,_, though_CS ,_, still_RR warrants_VVZ further_JJR investigation_NN1 )_) ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL During_II their_APPGE unemployment_NN1 ,_, the_AT majority_NN of_IO outpatients_NN2 appear_VV0 to_TO have_VHI made_VVN some_DD attempt_NN1 at_II finding_VVG jobs_NN2 through_II work-related_JJ agencies_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Two_MC thirds_MF of_IO a_AT1 sub-sample_NN1 of_IO 188_MC outpatients_NN2 had_VHD contacted_VVN an_AT1 agency_NN1 with_IW the_AT aim_NN1 of_IO finding_VVG employment_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Of_IO those_DD2 who_PNQS had_VHD made_VVN the_AT effort_NN1 ,_, most_DAT contacts_NN2 were_VBDR to_II the_AT Industrial_JJ Therapy_NN1 Department_NNJ at_II Carrington_NP1 Hospital_NNL1 (_( 25%_NNU )_) ,_, the_AT Rehabilitation_NN1 League_NNJ (_( 23%_NNU )_) ,_, the_AT Labour_JJ Department_NNJ (_( 20%_NNU )_) or_CC the_AT Auckland_NP1 Sheltered_JJ Workshop_NN1 (_( 18%_NNU )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL Overall_RR ,_, about_RG half_DB the_AT contacts_NN2 made_VVD resulted_VVD in_II some_DD form_NN1 of_IO placement_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Contacts_NN2 with_IW the_AT Sheltered_JJ Workshops_NN2 and_CC Industrial_JJ Therapy_NN1 were_VBDR the_AT most_RGT likely_JJ to_TO lead_VVI to_II some_DD form_NN1 of_IO employment_NN1 ,_, while_CS contact_NN1 with_IW the_AT Labour_JJ Department_NNJ seemed_VVD to_TO have_VHI had_VHN the_AT least_DAT chance_NN1 of_IO leading_VVG to_II employment_NN1 possibilities_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Staff_NN made_VVD estimates_NN2 of_IO current_JJ work_NN1 skill_NN1 functioning_VVG according_II21 to_II22 the_AT complexity_NN1 of_IO work_NN1 tasks_NN2 and_CC the_AT level_NN1 of_IO supervision_NN1 required_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL Few_DA2 in_II the_AT sample_NN1 were_VBDR capable_JJ of_IO complex_JJ tasks_NN2 with_IW supervision_NN1 (_( 6%_NNU )_) or_CC without_IW it_PPH1 (_( 8%_NNU )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT majority_NN were_VBDR at_II the_AT level_NN1 of_IO either_RR simple_JJ or_CC moderately_RR difficult_JJ tasks_NN2 ,_, most_RGT requiring_JJ supervision_NN1 at_II both_DB2 these_DD2 levels_NN2 (_( 20%_NNU were_VBDR rated_VVN as_CSA being_VBG able_JK to_TO cope_VVI with_IW simple_JJ tasks_NN2 with_IW supervision_NN1 ,_, and_CC 16%_NNU with_IW simple_JJ tasks_NN2 without_IW supervision_NN1 ;_; 30%_NNU could_VM cope_VVI with_IW moderately_RR difficult_JJ tasks_NN2 with_IW supervision_NN1 ,_, 20%_NNU without_IW supervision_NN1 )_) ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Besides_RR estimating_VVG current_JJ functioning_NN1 ,_, estimates_NN2 were_VBDR made_VVN of_IO how_RRQ motivated_VVD the_AT person_NN1 was_VBDZ to_TO participate_VVI in_II *"_" meaningful_JJ daily_JJ activity_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 work_NN1 nature_NN1 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL Ten_MC per_NNU21 cent_NNU22 of_IO the_AT sample_NN1 were_VBDR characterised_VVN as_RG very_RG unmotivated_JJ ;_; 32%_NNU as_CSA indifferent_JJ ;_; 36%_NNU as_RG motivated_JJ and_CC 7%_NNU as_CSA very_RG motivated_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 further_JJR finding_NN1 was_VBDZ that_CST there_EX was_VBDZ a_AT1 high_JJ cost_NN1 to_II the_AT Social_JJ Welfare_NN1 Department_NNJ in_II31 terms_II32 of_II33 Sickness_NN1 and_CC Invalid_JJ Benefits_NN2 ,_, as_CSA over_II 88%_NNU of_IO the_AT patients_NN2 sampled_VVD ,_, were_VBDR receiving_VVG Social_JJ Security_NN1 benefits_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ thought_VVN that_CST some_DD of_IO this_DD1 benefit_NN1 money_NN1 could_VM be_VBI redirected_VVN to_TO create_VVI more_DAR employment_NN1 and_CC training_VVG facilities_NN2 for_IF rehabilitation_NN1 purposes_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II summary_NN1 ,_, the_AT survey_NN1 indicated_VVD a_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO salient_JJ points_NN2 :_: __NULL |_NULL 1_MC1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT majority_NN of_IO the_AT sample_NN1 were_VBDR unskilled_JJ and_CC would_VM therefore_RR experience_VVI difficulties_NN2 competing_VVG for_IF open_JJ employment_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL 2_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL From_II a_AT1 knowledge_NN1 of_IO work_NN1 history_NN1 ,_, individuals_NN2 surveyed_VVD varied_VVD considerably_RR across_II levels_NN2 of_IO :_: acquired_JJ work_NN1 skills_NN2 ,_, regularity_NN1 and_CC consistency_NN1 ,_, occupational_JJ functioning_NN1 and_CC motivation_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Clearly_RR ,_, in_II catering_VVG for_IF such_DA a_AT1 diverse_JJ population_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 work_NN1 trust_NN1 would_VM need_VVI to_TO provide_VVI a_AT1 broad_JJ range_NN1 of_IO tasks_NN2 and_CC degree_NN1 of_IO supervision_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Alternatively_NP1 ,_, the_AT trust_NN1 could_VM attempt_VVI to_TO establish_VVI small_JJ units_NN2 for_IF specific_JJ levels_NN2 of_IO client_NN1 functioning_VVG ._. ^ ^_NULL At_RR21 present_RR22 agencies_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 Industrial_JJ Therapy_NN1 and_CC Sheltered_JJ Workshops_NN2 provide_VV0 most_DAT opportunities_NN2 for_IF this_DD1 population_NN1 ;_; however_RR ,_, these_DD2 facilities_NN2 are_VBR limited_VVN in_II the_AT number_NN1 and_CC type_NN1 of_IO clientele_NN1 they_PPHS2 can_VM assist_VVI ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Survey_NN1 of_IO Workshop_NN1 Facilities_NN2 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT survey_NN1 of_IO workshop_NN1 facilities_NN2 included_VVD eight_MC sheltered_JJ workshops_NN2 in_II Auckland_NP1 ,_, five_MC of_IO which_DDQ were_VBDR associated_VVN with_IW {_NULL I.H.C._NP1 }_NULL ,_, the_AT other_JJ three_MC being_VBG run_VVN by_II different_JJ community_NNJ groups_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL One_MC1 workshop_NN1 was_VBDZ run_VVN as_II a_AT1 factory_NN1 intended_VVD to_TO make_VVI a_AT1 profit_NN1 and_CC it_PPH1 was_VBDZ the_AT only_JJ one_PN1 to_TO reach_VVI 100%_NNU self-sufficiency_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 workshop_NN1 included_VVD non-disabled_JJ employees_NN2 in_II31 association_II32 with_II33 the_AT disabled_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT other_JJ seven_MC workshops_NN2 were_VBDR less_DAR than_CSN 40%_NNU self-sufficient_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL All_DB work_NN1 was_VBDZ labour-intensive_JJ process_NN1 work_NN1 ranging_VVG from_II low_JJ to_II high_JJ grade_NN1 packaging_VVG ,_, with_IW electronic_JJ work_NN1 predominating_VVG ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II three_MC workshops_NN2 over_II 80%_NNU of_IO clients_NN2 had_VHD contact_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 psychiatric_JJ service_NN1 and_CC in_II the_AT other_JJ five_MC less_DAR than_CSN 40%_NNU of_IO clients_NN2 had_VHD contact_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Six_MC workshops_NN2 were_VBDR overloaded_VVN and_CC the_AT other_JJ two_MC had_VHD recently_RR expanded_VVN into_II new_JJ premises_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Seven_MC altogether_RR were_VBDR operating_VVG at_II full_JJ capacity_NN1 and_CC six_MC needed_VVD to_TO expand_VVI building_NN1 space_NN1 and_CC equipment_NN1 ,_, with_IW finance_NN1 being_VBG a_AT1 major_JJ stumbling_JJ block_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Seven_MC workshops_NN2 had_VHD rehabilitation_NN1 programmes_NN2 preparatory_JJ to_TO open_VVI employment_NN1 and_CC stated_VVD that_CST there_EX was_VBDZ a_AT1 greater_JJR need_NN1 than_CSN they_PPHS2 could_VM meet_VVI ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT exception_NN1 was_VBDZ the_AT self-sufficient_JJ workshop_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II summary_NN1 ,_, the_AT survey_NN1 of_IO the_AT facilities_NN2 available_JJ for_IF the_AT disabled_JJ demonstrate_NN1 that_CST the_AT majority_NN were_VBDR operating_VVG at_II full_JJ capacity_NN1 and_CC needed_VVD to_TO expand_VVI building_NN1 space_NN1 and_CC equipment_NN1 but_CCB were_VBDR hampered_VVN through_II lack_NN1 of_IO finance_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL At_II the_AT same_DA time_NNT1 as_CSA the_AT surveys_NN2 were_VBDR being_VBG carried_VVN out_RP ,_, the_AT Carrington_NP1 Market_NN1 Garden_NN1 was_VBDZ being_VBG established_VVN as_II a_AT1 Department_NNJ of_IO Labour_JJ Work_NN1 Skills_NN2 Development_NN1 Programme_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Market_NN1 Garden_NN1 was_VBDZ approved_VVN in_II July_NPM1 1981_MC ,_, and_CC began_VVN with_IW the_AT author_NN1 as_II supervisor_NN1 ,_, two_MC instructors_NN2 and_CC facilities_NN2 for_IF twelve_MC trainees_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II June_NPM1 1982_MC ,_, following_VVG further_JJR negotiations_NN2 ,_, Department_NNJ of_IO Labour_JJ Work_NN1 Skills_NN2 Development_NN1 funding_NN1 was_VBDZ obtained_VVN for_IF a_AT1 full-time_JJ Occupational_JJ Therapist_NN1 and_CC six_MC extra_JJ trainee_NN1 positions_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Carrington_NP1 Hospital_NNL1 also_RR designated_VVD another_DD1 four_MC acres_NNU2 for_IF the_AT garden_NN1 ,_, making_VVG a_AT1 total_NN1 of_IO seven_MC acres_NNU2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Market_NN1 Garden_NN1 has_VHZ stayed_VVN stable_JJ in_II staff_NN and_CC acreage_NN1 since_II then_RT and_CC is_VBZ now_RT a_AT1 flourishing_JJ concern_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT results_NN2 of_IO the_AT survey_NN1 were_VBDR submitted_VVN to_II the_AT Auckland_NP1 Hospital_NNL1 Board_NNJ in_II 1983_MC along_II21 with_II22 a_AT1 model_JJ prototype_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 charitable_JJ trust_NN1 which_DDQ used_VVD the_AT Carrington_NP1 Market_NN1 Garden_NN1 as_II an_AT1 example_NN1 of_IO the_AT type_NN1 of_IO project_NN1 envisaged_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ argued_VVN in_II the_AT submission_NN1 that_CST the_AT survey_NN1 clearly_RR indicated_VVN that_CST the_AT flow-through_JJ for_IF a_AT1 patient_JJ leaving_NN1 hospital_NN1 to_TO live_VVI in_II the_AT community_NNJ was_VBDZ an_AT1 area_NN1 not_XX well-serviced_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL For_IF a_AT1 patient_JJ to_TO proceed_VVI and_CC succeed_VVI along_RP a_AT1 rehabilitation_NN1 programme_NN1 into_II the_AT community_NNJ ,_, this_DD1 issue_NN1 had_VHD to_TO be_VBI addressed_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL Included_VVN in_II this_DD1 submission_NN1 to_II the_AT Auckland_NP1 Hospital_NNL1 Board_NNJ were_VBDR proposed_VVN recommendations_NN2 for_IF the_AT involvement_NN1 required_VVN of_IO the_AT Board_NNJ for_IF the_AT establishment_NN of_IO such_DA a_AT1 trust_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL These_DD2 were_VBDR outlined_VVN in_II a_AT1 sequential_JJ process_NN1 by_II31 means_II32 of_II33 flow_NN1 charts_NN2 and_CC staffing_VVG requirements_NN2 were_VBDR detailed_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Auckland_NP1 Hospital_NNL1 Board_NNJ expressed_VVD its_APPGE support_NN1 for_IF the_AT concept_NN1 and_CC approved_JJ secondment_NN1 of_IO the_AT author_NN1 as_II the_AT Development_NN1 Officer_NN1 in_II January_NPM1 1984_MC ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL The_AT Establishing_NN1 of_IO the_AT Trust_NNJ ,_, 1984_MC *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Throughout_II 1984_MC the_AT author_NN1 was_VBDZ directly_RR responsible_JJ to_II \_NULL Dr._NNB Fraser_NP1 McDonald_NP1 ,_, Medical_JJ Superintendent_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT Carrington_NP1 Hospital_NNL1 Manager_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 met_VVD fortnightly_RR to_TO discuss_VVI developments_NN2 and_CC progress_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL As_II the_AT Trust_NNJ was_VBDZ to_TO cater_VVI for_IF the_AT Auckland_NP1 Hospital_NNL1 Board_NNJ area_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 first_MD priority_NN1 was_VBDZ to_TO call_VVI all_DB psychiatric_JJ hospitals_NN2 and_CC related_JJ community_NNJ services_NN2 to_TO extend_VVI the_AT representation_NN1 on_II the_AT Working_JJ Party_NN1 and_CC to_TO form_VVI the_AT Trust_NNJ 's_GE decision-making_JJ committee_NNJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Also_RR ,_, all_DB community_NNJ agencies_NN2 concerned_JJ with_IW assisting_VVG psychiatric_JJ patients_NN2 were_VBDR informed_VVN of_IO the_AT Working_JJ Party_NN1 and_CC the_AT minutes_NNT2 of_IO the_AT meetings_NN2 were_VBDR made_VVN available_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL From_II that_DD1 time_NNT1 on_II the_AT role_NN1 of_IO the_AT Working_JJ Party_NN1 was_VBDZ to_TO act_VVI as_II a_AT1 steering_JJ committee_NNJ for_IF the_AT Trust_NNJ 's_GE developments_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL To_TO clarify_VVI long_JJ term_NN1 goals_NN2 and_CC identify_VVI short_JJ term_NN1 goals_NN2 ,_, John_NP1 Raeburn_NP1 's_GE systems_NN2 model_NN1 was_VBDZ used_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 structure_NN1 of_IO group_NN consensus_NN1 evolved_VVD and_CC the_AT amicable_JJ sharing_NN1 of_IO tasks_NN2 created_VVD a_AT1 very_RG positive_JJ approach_NN1 ,_, as_CSA at_II times_NNT2 it_PPH1 felt_VVD we_PPIS2 had_VHD undertaken_VVN a_AT1 formidable_JJ task_NN1 !_! ^ ^_NULL Another_DD1 exciting_JJ aspect_NN1 was_VBDZ to_TO have_VHI health_NN1 professionals_NN2 from_II a_AT1 variety_NN1 of_IO work_NN1 areas_NN2 all_DB working_VVG towards_II a_AT1 common_JJ goal_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT first_MD agenda_NN1 for_IF the_AT Working_JJ Party_NN1 was_VBDZ to_TO formalize_VVI the_AT philosophy_NN1 and_CC goals_NN2 of_IO the_AT Trust_NNJ ._. ^ ^_NULL As_CSA originally_RR concluded_VVD ,_, the_AT main_JJ goal_NN1 was_VBDZ seen_VVN as_II the_AT need_NN1 to_TO take_VVI the_AT initiative_NN1 for_IF ,_, and_CC promote_VVI projects_NN2 in_II the_AT community_NNJ for_IF people_NN who_PNQS have_VH0 experienced_VVN mental_JJ ill-health_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ decided_VVN that_CST potential_JJ users_NN2 of_IO the_AT projects_NN2 should_VM be_VBI involved_JJ in_II planning_NN1 ,_, via_II a_AT1 questionnaire_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Aligned_JJ with_IW this_DD1 it_PPH1 was_VBDZ established_VVN that_CST projects_NN2 should_VM be_VBI kept_VVN small_JJ to_TO enable_VVI a_AT1 variety_NN1 throughout_II the_AT Auckland_NP1 Hospital_NNL1 Board_NNJ area_NN1 that_CST would_VM meet_VVI the_AT vocational_JJ ,_, emotional_JJ and_CC social_JJ needs_NN2 of_IO people_NN as_CSA identified_VVN via_II the_AT questionnaire_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Access_NN1 to_II potential_JJ clients_NN2 would_VM be_VBI via_II the_AT Auckland_NP1 Hospital_NNL1 Board_NNJ ,_, psychiatric_JJ services_NN2 and_CC associated_JJ community_NNJ agencies_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Throughout_II these_DD2 initial_JJ stages_NN2 the_AT author_NN1 approached_VVD 25_MC people_NN to_TO be_VBI trustees_NN2 and_CC in_II April_NPM1 1984_MC ten_MC people_NN established_VVD the_AT first_MD trustees_NN2 '_GE meeting_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT name_NN1 *"_" Framework_NN1 **"_" was_VBDZ adopted_VVN and_CC a_AT1 logo_NN1 was_VBDZ designed_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL Three_MC representatives_NN2 of_IO the_AT Working_JJ Party_NN1 and_CC the_AT author_NN1 attended_VVD trustees_NN2 '_GE meetings_NN2 and_CC one_MC1 trustee_NN1 had_VHD worked_VVN with_IW the_AT Full_JJ Working_JJ Party_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 procedure_NN1 is_VBZ still_RR operating_VVG as_II the_AT Working_JJ Party_NN1 is_VBZ seen_VVN as_II an_AT1 integral_JJ part_NN1 of_IO Framework_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II July_NPM1 1984_MC two_MC {_NULL PEP_NN1 }_NULL workers_NN2 were_VBDR employed_VVN to_TO implement_VVI the_AT client_NN1 questionnaire_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT questionnaire_NN1 was_VBDZ chosen_VVN as_II the_AT research_NN1 mode_NN1 as_CSA it_PPH1 allows_VVZ participation_NN1 on_II41 the_II42 part_II43 of_II44 the_AT client_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 was_VBDZ seen_VVN as_II a_AT1 vital_JJ part_NN1 of_IO the_AT study_NN1 and_CC exemplifies_VVZ an_AT1 underlying_JJ principle_NN1 of_IO the_AT Working_JJ Party_NN1 's_VBZ goal_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL If_CS the_AT clients_NN2 are_VBR to_TO function_VVI well_RR in_II the_AT community_NNJ they_PPHS2 must_VM feel_VVI responsible_JJ for_IF their_APPGE life_NN1 and_CC be_VBI active_JJ agents_NN2 in_II the_AT world_NN1 ,_, making_VVG their_APPGE own_DA decisions_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL To_TO foster_VVI this_DD1 ,_, the_AT clients_NN2 would_VM be_VBI encouraged_VVN to_TO see_VVI the_AT planned_JJ centres_NN2 as_CSA theirs_PPGE to_TO mould_VVI ,_, rather_CS21 than_CS22 as_CSA something_PN1 already_RR rigidly_RR established_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT questionnaire_NN1 was_VBDZ implemented_VVN in_II a_AT1 one-to-one_MC interview_NN1 session_NNT1 ,_, with_IW the_AT interviewer_NN1 discussing_VVG the_AT questions_NN2 with_IW the_AT client_NN1 and_CC recording_VVG the_AT answers_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ hoped_VVN the_AT answers_NN2 would_VM show_VVI the_AT depth_NN1 and_CC type_NN1 of_IO need_NN1 in_II the_AT areas_NN2 of_IO work_NN1 and_CC activity_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT interviews_NN2 were_VBDR open-ended_JJ and_CC were_VBDR intended_VVN to_TO encourage_VVI the_AT client_NN1 to_TO think_VVI more_RGR deeply_RR and_CC confidently_RR about_II their_APPGE answers_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT ethics_NN of_IO dangling_VVG the_AT *"_" carrot_NN1 **"_" of_IO employment_NN1 in_II31 front_II32 of_II33 the_AT clients_NN2 were_VBDR considered_VVN ,_, but_CCB it_PPH1 was_VBDZ felt_VVN that_DD1 misunderstanding_NN1 could_VM be_VBI avoided_VVN by_II sensitive_JJ interviewing_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT questionnaire_NN1 would_VM be_VBI presented_VVN simply_RR as_II a_AT1 survey_NN1 to_TO get_VVI ideas_NN2 from_II clients_NN2 ,_, with_IW an_AT1 invitation_NN1 extended_VVN to_II them_PPHO2 to_TO get_VVI involved_JJ in_II planning_VVG if_CSW they_PPHS2 wished_VVD ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 290+TEXT+H26_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Ladies_NN2 and_CC Gentlemen_NN2 ,_, |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ with_IW considerable_JJ satisfaction_NN1 that_CST I_PPIS1 present_VV0 the_AT Report_NN1 of_IO the_AT Foundation_NN1 for_IF 1986_MC ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT past_JJ year_NNT1 will_VM be_VBI recalled_VVN as_II a_AT1 period_NN1 of_IO some_DD austerity_NN1 where_RRQ economies_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN looked_VVN for_IF on_II all_DB sides_NN2 and_CC where_RRQ grants_NN2 in_II every_AT1 field_NN1 have_VH0 come_VVN under_II intense_JJ scrutiny_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ pleasing_JJ ,_, therefore_RR ,_, to_TO be_VBI able_JJ to_TO report_VVI that_DD1 ,_, rather_II21 than_II22 feeling_NN1 obliged_VVD to_TO curtail_VVI its_APPGE activities_NN2 ,_, the_AT Board_NNJ has_VHZ been_VBN able_JK to_TO maintain_VVI and_CC even_RR to_TO increase_VVI its_APPGE research_NN1 funding_VVG ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Some_DD 25_MC years_NNT2 ago_RA ,_, when_CS strong_JJ submissions_NN2 were_VBDR being_VBG made_VVN for_IF the_AT establishment_NN of_IO a_AT1 second_MD School_NN1 of_IO Medicine_NN1 in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 party_NN headed_VVN by_II the_AT Chairman_NN1 of_IO the_AT University_NN1 Grants_VVZ Committee_NNJ ,_, \_NULL Dr_NNB {_NULL F_NP1 J_NP1 }_NULL Llewellyn_NP1 ,_, visited_VVD Auckland_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Even_RR then_RT it_PPH1 was_VBDZ by_RR31 no_RR32 means_RR33 certain_JJ that_CST Auckland_NP1 would_VM be_VBI the_AT preferred_JJ location_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL But_CCB one_PN1 can_VM clearly_RR recall_VVI \_NULL Dr_NNB Llewellyn_NP1 ,_, on_II31 behalf_II32 of_II33 his_APPGE committee_NNJ ,_, expressing_VVG how_RGQ surprised_JJ but_CCB how_RGQ genuinely_RR impressed_VVD they_PPHS2 were_VBDR with_IW the_AT research_NN1 being_VBG undertaken_VVN in_II Auckland_NP1 and_CC with_IW the_AT enthusiasm_NN1 and_CC obvious_JJ skill_NN1 of_IO those_DD2 conducting_VVG it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ little_DA1 doubt_NN1 that_CST the_AT groups_NN2 ,_, who_PNQS had_VHD important_JJ recommendations_NN2 to_TO make_VVI ,_, were_VBDR greatly_RR influenced_VVN by_II what_DDQ they_PPHS2 saw_VVD that_DD1 day_NNT1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Sir_NNB Douglas_NP1 Robb_NP1 ,_, in_II his_APPGE autobiography_NN1 records_NN2 with_IW some_DD pride_NN1 that_CST the_AT newly-formed_JJ Foundation_NN1 was_VBDZ providing_VVG about_RG 3,500_MC **[_NULL sic_RR **]_NULL a_AT1 year_NNT1 at_II that_DD1 time_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Foundation_NN1 has_VHZ come_VVN a_AT1 long_JJ way_NN1 since_II then_RT ._. ^ ^_NULL Commitments_NN2 of_IO over_II *+_NULL $900,000_NNU were_VBDR approved_VVN during_II last_MD year_NNT1 ,_, a_AT1 most_RGT encouraging_JJ increase_NN1 ,_, even_CS21 when_CS22 making_VVG due_JJ allowance_NN1 for_IF inflation_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Those_DD2 who_PNQS took_VVD advantage_NN1 of_IO the_AT opportunity_NN1 to_TO visit_VVI the_AT School_NN1 of_IO Medicine_NN1 during_II its_APPGE recent_JJ open_JJ days_NNT2 could_VM not_XX fail_VVI to_TO be_VBI impressed_VVN by_II the_AT extent_NN1 and_CC importance_NN1 of_IO the_AT research_NN1 now_RT being_VBG carried_VVN out_RP ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Board_NNJ has_VHZ continued_VVN its_APPGE policy_NN1 of_IO maintaining_VVG a_AT1 good_JJ balance_NN1 in_II its_APPGE activities_NN2 by_II complementing_VVG research_NN1 projects_NN2 with_IW travel_NN1 grants_NN2 ,_, fellowships_NN2 ,_, senior_JJ scholarships_NN2 awards_NN2 **[_NULL sic_RR **]_NULL ,_, and_CC summer_NNT1 student_NN1 research_NN1 grants_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Once_RR21 again_RR22 I_PPIS1 express_VV0 our_APPGE sincere_JJ thanks_NN2 to_II the_AT Medical_JJ Committee_NNJ chaired_VVD by_II Professor_NNB {_NULL G_NP1 S_NP1 M_NN1 }_NULL Kellaway_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL As_CSA Chairman_NN1 for_IF the_AT last_MD 14_MC years_NNT2 Professor_NNB Kellaway_NP1 's_GE contribution_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN invaluable_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Board_NNJ leans_VVZ heavily_RR on_II the_AT considered_JJ judgment_NN1 and_CC advice_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 highly_RR qualified_JJ group_NN of_IO people_NN who_PNQS give_VV0 so_RG freely_RR of_IO their_APPGE time_NNT1 and_CC expert_JJ knowledge_NN1 in_II assessing_VVG with_IW great_JJ care_NN1 the_AT many_DA2 and_CC varied_JJ applications_NN2 they_PPHS2 receive_VV0 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ ,_, I_PPIS1 believe_VV0 ,_, wide_JJ appreciation_NN1 of_IO the_AT efforts_NN2 of_IO the_AT committee_NNJ to_TO judge_VVI objectively_RR the_AT creativity_NN1 of_IO those_DD2 seeking_VVG support_NN1 and_CC to_TO ensure_VVI that_CST funds_NN2 are_VBR directed_VVN into_II the_AT right_JJ channels_NN2 and_CC being_VBG efficiently_RR used_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL One_MC1 aspect_NN1 which_DDQ will_VM give_VVI increasing_VVG concern_NN1 in_II the_AT future_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT difficulty_NN1 of_IO providing_VVG the_AT sophisticated_JJ and_CC expensive_JJ equipment_NN1 important_JJ in_II modern_JJ research_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Board_NNJ is_VBZ well_JJ aware_JJ of_IO the_AT problem_NN1 together_II21 with_II22 the_AT importance_NN1 of_IO ensuring_VVG an_AT1 adequate_JJ supply_NN1 of_IO skilled_JJ technicians_NN2 capable_JJ of_IO working_VVG and_CC maintaining_VVG equipment_NN1 and_CC instruments_NN2 at_II maximum_JJ efficiency_NN1 *-_- a_AT1 task_NN1 far_RR too_RG difficult_JJ for_IF the_AT researcher_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL As_CSA always_RR ,_, we_PPIS2 are_VBR greatly_RR indebted_JJ to_II the_AT Finance_NN1 Committee_NNJ headed_VVN by_II \_NULL Mr_NNB {_NULL W_NP1 D_NP1 }_NULL Goodfellow_NP1 ,_, \_NULL Mr_NNB {_NULL G_NP1 S_NP1 }_NULL Blanshard_NP1 ,_, and_CC \_NULL Mr_NNB {_NULL D_NP1 G_NP1 E_NP1 }_NULL Brown_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 triumvirate_NN1 who_PNQS would_VM be_VBI the_AT envy_NN1 of_IO any_DD Board_NNJ of_IO Directors_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL As_CSA Treasurer_NN1 and_CC Chairman_NN1 ,_, \_NULL Mr_NNB Goodfellow_NP1 ,_, in_RR21 particular_RR22 ,_, devotes_VVZ countless_JJ hours_NNT2 in_II directing_VVG and_CC controlling_VVG the_AT finances_NN2 of_IO the_AT Foundation_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL With_IW a_AT1 committee_NNJ of_IO such_DA strength_NN1 ,_, members_NN2 and_CC supporters_NN2 together_II21 with_II22 Trust_NNJ Officers_NN2 ,_, accountants_NN2 and_CC solicitors_NN2 who_PNQS advise_VV0 their_APPGE clients_NN2 in_II the_AT matter_NN1 of_IO legacies_NN2 and_CC bequests_NN2 can_VM have_VHI every_AT1 confidence_NN1 that_CST the_AT funds_NN2 of_IO the_AT Foundation_NN1 are_VBR in_II expert_NN1 hands_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL We_PPIS2 thank_VV0 the_AT retiring_JJ Hospital_NN1 Board_NNJ nominee_NN1 ,_, \_NULL Mr_NNB {_NULL W_NP1 J_NP1 }_NULL Bridgman_NP1 ,_, for_IF his_APPGE valuable_JJ contribution_NN1 during_II his_APPGE term_NN1 of_IO office_NN1 and_CC are_VBR pleased_JJ to_TO welcome_VVI back_RP \_NULL Mrs_NNB {_NULL A_AT1 S_NP1 }_NULL Barrett_NP1 for_IF a_AT1 further_JJR term_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Our_APPGE thanks_NN2 too_RR ,_, to_II retiring_JJ members_NN2 ,_, Professor_NN1 {_NULL A_AT1 G_NP1 C_NP1 }_NULL Renwick_NP1 and_CC \_NULL Dr_NNB \_NULL P_NP1 Doak_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT very_RG considerable_JJ volume_NN1 of_IO clerical_JJ and_CC accounting_JJ work_NN1 has_VHZ ,_, as_RR21 usual_RR22 ,_, been_VBN carried_VVN out_RP efficiently_RR by_II the_AT Secretary_NP1 ,_, \_NULL Mr_NNB Gerald_NP1 Wakely_NP1 and_CC his_APPGE office_NN1 staff_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 are_VBR indebted_JJ to_II them_PPHO2 for_IF the_AT pleasant_JJ and_CC smooth_JJ running_NN1 of_IO the_AT Foundation_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL By_RR31 no_RR32 means_RR33 least_DAT ,_, our_APPGE sincere_JJ thanks_NN2 to_II the_AT {_NULL A._NP1 S._NP1 B._NP1 }_NULL Trust_NNJ Bank_NN1 and_CC to_II all_DB members_NN2 and_CC supporters_NN2 for_IF their_APPGE continued_JJ generous_JJ assistance_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ a_AT1 great_JJ relief_NN1 to_II the_AT Board_NNJ not_XX to_TO be_VBI faced_VVN with_IW repeated_JJ fund-raising_JJ appeals_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Finally_RR ,_, my_APPGE grateful_JJ thanks_NN2 to_II the_AT members_NN2 of_IO the_AT Board_NNJ for_IF their_APPGE willing_JJ co-operation_NN1 and_CC their_APPGE many_DA2 constructive_JJ contributions_NN2 throughout_II the_AT year_NNT1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL People_NN either_RR have_VH0 faith_NN1 in_II research_NN1 or_CC regard_VV0 it_PPH1 with_IW some_DD cynicism_NN1 ,_, believing_VVG that_CST many_DA2 projects_NN2 are_VBR esoteric_JJ ,_, almost_RR entirely_RR laboratory-oriented_JJ ,_, and_CC have_VH0 little_RR to_TO do_VDI with_IW people_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ not_XX our_APPGE experience_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 are_VBR confident_JJ that_CST the_AT research_NN1 of_IO those_DD2 whom_PNQO we_PPIS2 support_VV0 ,_, while_CS important_JJ to_II the_AT international_JJ medical_JJ scene_NN1 ,_, is_VBZ broadly_RR relevant_JJ to_II the_AT institution_NN1 and_CC country_NN1 where_CS it_PPH1 is_VBZ carried_VVN out_RP and_CC that_CST the_AT researchers_NN2 are_VBR well_JJ aware_JJ of_IO the_AT society_NN in_II which_DDQ they_PPHS2 live_VV0 and_CC the_AT many_DA2 health_NN1 problems_NN2 that_CST exist_VV0 there_RL ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 hope_VV0 to_TO encourage_VVI those_DD2 who_PNQS think_VV0 deeply_RR about_II the_AT problems_NN2 they_PPHS2 encounter_VV0 ,_, are_VBR determined_VVN to_TO understand_VVI them_PPHO2 thoroughly_RR and_CC find_VVI solutions_NN2 to_II them_PPHO2 ,_, and_CC are_VBR eager_JJ to_TO spread_VVI their_APPGE knowledge_NN1 amongst_II others_NN2 and_CC pass_NN1 on_II their_APPGE own_DA feelings_NN2 and_CC enthusiasms_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Such_DA people_NN are_VBR vital_JJ to_II a_AT1 teaching_NN1 hospital_NN1 or_CC university_NN1 and_CC have_VH0 an_AT1 all-important_JJ part_NN1 to_TO play_VVI in_II the_AT provision_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 enlightened_JJ and_CC dedicated_VVD medical_JJ profession_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL We_PPIS2 feel_VV0 that_CST the_AT Foundation_NN1 will_VM be_VBI fulfilling_VVG its_APPGE main_JJ function_NN1 if_CS it_PPH1 can_VM continue_VVI to_TO make_VVI provision_NN1 for_IF such_DA men_NN2 and_CC women_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II this_DD1 way_NN1 it_PPH1 can_VM play_VVI its_APPGE part_NN1 in_II ensuring_VVG a_AT1 Health_NN1 Service_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 nice_JJ balance_NN1 between_II the_AT breadth_NN1 of_IO experience_NN1 of_IO the_AT general_JJ practitioner_NN1 ,_, the_AT skill_NN1 of_IO the_AT specialist_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT depth_NN1 of_IO knowledge_NN1 of_IO the_AT researcher_NN1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL For_IF the_AT Board_NNJ of_IO the_AT Foundation_NN1 |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Sir_NNB Henry_NP1 Cooper_NP1 |_NULL ^_NULL *2_NULL PRESIDENT_NNB **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL *<_NULL *4_NULL Sir_NP1 Douglas_NP1 Robb_NP1 Memorial_NN1 Fund_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT Sir_NNB Douglas_NP1 Robb_NP1 Memorial_NN1 Fund_NN1 was_VBDZ established_VVN in_II memory_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 outstanding_JJ cardiothoracic_JJ surgeon_NN1 ,_, former_DA Chancellor_NN1 of_IO the_AT University_NN1 of_IO Auckland_NP1 and_CC Vice_JJ President_NN1 of_IO the_AT Foundation_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT following_JJ are_VBR reports_NN2 of_IO those_DD2 who_PNQS received_VVD a_AT1 grant_NN1 from_II this_DD1 Fund_NN1 in_II 1986_MC ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Auckland_NP1 Speakeasy_NP1 Association_NNJ ,_, Auckland_NP1 Hospital_NNL1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT grant_NN1 was_VBDZ used_VVN for_IF just_RR the_AT one_MC1 project_NN1 ,_, to_II fund_NN1 \_NULL Dr_NNB Craig_NP1 's_GE visit_NN1 and_CC to_TO organise_VVI a_AT1 two_MC day_NNT1 seminar_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT seminar_NN1 was_VBDZ held_VVN at_II the_AT Kohia_NP1 Teachers_NN2 Centre_NN1 ,_, Kohia_NP Terrace_NNL1 ,_, Epsom_NP1 ,_, over_II a_AT1 two_MC day_NNT1 period_NN1 ,_, 30_MC to_II 31_MC January_NPM1 1986_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL \_NULL Dr_NNB Craig_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS is_VBZ a_AT1 {_NULL PhD_NN1 }_NULL (_( speech_NN1 psychologist_NN1 )_) ,_, was_VBDZ the_AT only_JJ speaker_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT audience_NN comprised_VVD speech_NN1 therapists_NN2 ,_, all_DB members_NN2 of_IO the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 Speech_NN1 Therapists_NN2 Association_NNJ ,_, and_CC Speak_VV0 Easy_JJ members_NN2 ,_, from_II the_AT Auckland_NP1 Speak_VV0 Easy_JJ Association_NNJ and_CC Wellington_NP1 Speak_VV0 Easy_JJ group_NN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT grant_NN1 from_II the_AT Sir_NNB Douglas_NP1 Robb_NP1 Memorial_NN1 Fund_NN1 ,_, was_VBDZ for_IF the_AT purpose_NN1 of_IO financing_VVG the_AT above_JJ project_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 achieved_VVD the_AT bringing_VVG together_RL of_IO therapists_NN2 from_II as_CS31 far_CS32 as_CS33 Wellington_NP1 ,_, all_DB keen_JJ to_TO hear_VVI and_CC talk_NN1 with_IW \_NULL Dr_NNB Craig_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Its_APPGE value_NN1 to_II therapists_NN2 and_CC speak_VV0 easy_JJ members_NN2 alike_RR was_VBDZ immeasurable_JJ ,_, the_AT information_NN1 and_CC ideas_NN2 received_VVN will_VM benefit_VVI us_PPIO2 at_II Speakeasy_NP1 especially_RR ,_, to_TO use_VVI at_II meetings_NN2 and_CC working_VVG in_II closer_JJR co-operation_NN1 with_IW therapists_NN2 ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Cerebral_JJ Palsy_NN1 Society_NNJ of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 \_NULL Inc_JJ ._. ^ ,_, {_NULL P_NP1 O_NP1 }_NULL Box_NN1 24042_MC ,_, Royal_JJ Oak_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT grant_NN1 from_II the_AT Foundation_NN1 to_II the_AT Society_NNJ has_VHZ been_VBN used_VVN on_II the_AT following_JJ :_: |_NULL ^_NULL *1_NULL National_JJ Register_NN1 of_IO Cerebral_JJ Palsy_NN1 *-_- *0_NULL this_DD1 was_VBDZ supported_VVN by_II the_AT purchase_NN1 and_CC distribution_NN1 to_II medical_JJ personnel_NN2 of_IO an_AT1 important_JJ and_CC very_RG recent_JJ reference_NN1 ,_, *1_NULL The_AT Epidemiology_NN1 of_IO the_AT Cerebral_JJ Palsies_NN2 ,_, *0_NULL \_NULL ed_NN1 ._. ^ Eva_NP1 Alberman_NP1 and_CC Fiona_NP1 Stanley_NP1 ,_, {_NULL SIMP_NN1 }_NULL ,_, London_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Ten_MC copies_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN distributed_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 discussion_NN1 with_IW workers_NN2 in_II Bethesda_NP1 ,_, \_NULL Md_NNA ,_, {_NULL USA_NP }_NULL resulted_VVD from_II publication_NN1 of_IO *1_NULL Prenatal_JJ and_CC Perinatal_JJ Factors_NN2 Associated_VVN With_IW Brain_NN1 Disorders_NN2 ,_, *0_NULL \_NULL ed_NN1 ._. ^ John_NP1 \_NULL M._NN1 Freeman_NN1 ,_, National_JJ Institutes_NNJ2 of_IO Health_NN1 ,_, {_NULL USA_NP }_NULL ,_, when_CS information_NN1 was_VBDZ urgently_RR needed_VVN here_RL ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *1_NULL Conductive_JJ Education_NN1 *0_NULL is_VBZ a_AT1 relatively_RR new_JJ treatment_NN1 method_NN1 and_CC we_PPIS2 were_VBDR concerned_JJ that_CST only_RR two_MC copies_NN2 of_IO an_AT1 important_JJ source_NN1 book_NN1 were_VBDR in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 libraries_NN2 ,_, so_CS we_PPIS2 purchased_VVD twenty_MC copies_NN2 of_IO *1_NULL Conductive_JJ Education_NN1 :_: A_AT1 System_NN1 for_IF Overcoming_VVG Motor_NN1 Disorder_NN1 ,_, *0_NULL \_NULL ed_NN1 ._. ^ Philippa_NP1 \_NULL J_NP1 Cottam_NP1 and_CC Andrew_NP1 Sutton_NP1 ,_, Croom_NP1 Helm_NP1 ,_, {_NULL U._NP1 K._NP1 }_NULL and_CC we_PPIS2 have_VH0 begun_VVN distributing_VVG them_PPHO2 ,_, to_TO alert_VVI the_AT medical_JJ and_CC supportive_JJ professions_NN2 to_II this_DD1 very_RG successful_JJ Hungarian_JJ treatment_NN1 mode_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Our_APPGE *1_NULL Resource_NN1 Kit_NN1 for_IF Cerebral_JJ Palsy_NN1 *0_NULL and_CC a_AT1 video_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE Skills_NN2 and_CC Therapy_NN1 Sessions_NNT2 have_VH0 been_VBN supported_VVN by_II the_AT grant_NN1 ,_, also_RR ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Chaplaincy_NP1 Service_NN1 ,_, Auckland_NP1 Hospital_NNL1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT purpose_NN1 of_IO the_AT grant_NN1 was_VBDZ to_TO add_VVI to_RP and_CC update_VVI the_AT existing_JJ library_NN1 resources_NN2 in_II the_AT department_NNJ ._. ^ ^_NULL For_IF a_AT1 long_JJ time_NNT1 the_AT chaplains_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN concerned_JJ about_II the_AT inadequate_JJ amount_NN1 of_IO reference_NN1 and_CC reading_VVG material_NN1 for_IF the_AT people_NN who_PNQS do_VD0 their_APPGE training_NN1 in_II pastoral_JJ care_NN1 through_II this_DD1 department_NNJ ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT grant_NN1 enabled_VVD us_PPIO2 to_TO purchase_VVI about_RG twenty_MC books_NN2 and_CC to_TO subscribe_VVI to_II two_MC journals_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL From_II the_AT time_NNT1 the_AT books_NN2 were_VBDR purchased_VVN the_AT library_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN used_VVN extensively_RR by_II both_DB2 chaplains_NN2 and_CC trainees_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ our_APPGE belief_NN1 that_CST those_DD2 who_PNQS read_VV0 the_AT books_NN2 will_VM ,_, through_II their_APPGE reading_NN1 ,_, become_VVN more_RGR effective_JJ carers_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT people_NN in_II the_AT Chaplaincy_NN1 service_NN1 are_VBR indeed_RR grateful_JJ for_IF the_AT grant_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL The_AT Auckland_NP1 Family_NN Counselling_NN1 Service_NN1 \_NULL Inc._JJ ,_, 33_MC Owens_NP Road_NNL1 ,_, Epsom_NP1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT grant_NN1 from_II the_AT fund_NN1 was_VBDZ for_IF the_AT purchase_NN1 of_IO books_NN2 for_IF the_AT service_NN1 's_VBZ library_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT specialist_JJ knowledge_NN1 of_IO staff_NN at_II the_AT agency_NN1 in_II dealing_VVG with_IW unresolved_JJ conflict_NN1 ,_, has_VHZ led_VVN to_II greater_JJR demands_NN2 for_IF us_PPIO2 to_TO work_VVI with_IW separated_JJ or_CC separating_VVG families_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT titles_NN2 that_CST we_PPIS2 have_VH0 been_VBN able_JK to_TO purchase_VVI will_VM enhance_VVI the_AT expertise_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE staff_NN ,_, and_CC to_TO date_VVI our_APPGE Librarian_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN thrilled_VVN that_CST the_AT books_NN2 have_VH0 scarcely_RR had_VHN time_NNT1 to_TO be_VBI catalogued_VVN before_II staff_NN have_VH0 been_VBN requesting_VVG them_PPHO2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT staff_NN appreciate_VV0 the_AT grant_NN1 from_II the_AT Sir_NNB Douglas_NP1 Robb_NP1 Memorial_NN1 Fund_NN1 which_DDQ has_VHZ helped_VVN fulfil_VVI an_AT1 important_JJ training_NN1 need_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Professor_NNB {_NULL W_NP1 F_NP1 }_NULL Lubbe_NP1 ,_, Department_NNJ of_IO Medicine_NN1 ,_, University_NN1 of_IO Auckland_NP1 and_CC Green_NP Lane_NNL1 Hospital_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL A_AT1 grant_NN1 was_VBDZ obtained_VVN from_II the_AT Sir_NNB Douglas_NP1 Robb_NP1 Memorial_NN1 Fund_NN1 towards_II expenses_NN2 incurred_VVD in_II editing_VVG a_AT1 symposium_NN1 for_IF the_AT Journal_NP1 of_IO Molecular_JJ and_CC Cellular_JJ Cardiology_NN1 on_II the_AT subject_NN1 :_: *"_" Biochemical_JJ Basis_NN1 of_IO Arrhythmias_NP1 **"_" ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 symposium_NN1 is_VBZ based_VVN on_II a_AT1 session_NNT1 at_II the_AT International_JJ Conference_NNJ of_IO the_AT International_JJ Society_NNJ for_IF Heart_NN1 Research_NN1 held_VVN in_II Melbourne_NP1 in_II February_NPM1 1986_MC ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT editing_JJ procedure_NN1 is_VBZ currently_RR in_II progress_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Eight_MC submitted_JJ manuscripts_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN accepted_VVN for_IF the_AT symposium_NN1 and_CC each_DD1 was_VBDZ sent_VVN to_II two_MC referees_NN2 who_PNQS are_VBR recognised_VVN experts_NN2 in_II the_AT field_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT eight_MC manuscripts_NN2 are_VBR now_RT on_II *"_" floppy_JJ disc_NN1 **"_" and_CC copies_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN returned_VVN to_II the_AT authors_NN2 for_IF revision_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Four_MC of_IO the_AT manuscripts_NN2 have_VH0 already_RR been_VBN placed_VVN on_II camera-ready_JJ paper_NN1 and_CC have_VH0 been_VBN returned_VVN to_II the_AT authors_NN2 for_IF proof-reading_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Sir_NNB Harcourt_NP1 Caughey_NP1 Award_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT Sir_NNB Harcourt_NP1 Caughey_NP1 Award_NN1 was_VBDZ established_VVN from_II an_AT1 anonymous_JJ gift_NN1 of_IO *+_NULL $100,000_NNU to_TO recognise_VVI the_AT outstanding_JJ contribution_NN1 to_II the_AT Foundation_NN1 of_IO Sir_NNB Harcourt_NP1 Caughey_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS was_VBDZ President_NN1 for_IF seven_MC years_NNT2 and_CC on_II the_AT Board_NNJ of_IO the_AT Foundation_NN1 since_CS its_APPGE establishment_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II 1986_MC the_AT Award_NN1 was_VBDZ used_VVN to_TO bring_VVI to_II Auckland_NP1 a_AT1 person_NN1 with_IW expertise_NN1 not_XX available_JJ in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Professor_NNB {_NULL S_NP1 J_NP1 }_NULL Barry_NP1 ,_, Professor_NN1 of_IO Audiology_NN1 ,_, University_NN1 of_IO Oklahoma_NP1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Professor_NNB {_NULL S_NP1 J_NP1 }_NULL Barry_NP1 ,_, Professor_NN1 of_IO Audiology_NN1 at_II the_AT University_NN1 of_IO Oklahoma_NP1 ,_, visited_VVD the_AT National_JJ Audiology_NN1 Centre_NN1 for_IF 4_MC months_NNT2 early_RR in_II 1986_MC ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL \_NULL Dr_NNB Barry_NP1 assisted_VVD \_NULL Dr_NNB Keith_NP1 and_CC \_NULL Ms_NNB Purdy_NP1 of_IO the_AT National_JJ Audiology_NN1 Centre_NN1 on_II a_AT1 3-year_JJ project_NN1 to_TO develop_VVI an_AT1 objective_JJ method_NN1 of_IO fitting_JJ hearing_NN1 aids_NN2 to_II deaf_JJ babies_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT project_NN1 involves_VVZ the_AT development_NN1 of_IO objective_JJ methods_NN2 for_IF measuring_VVG hearing_NN1 aid_NN1 performance_NN1 ,_, and_CC for_IF assessing_VVG hearing_NN1 in_II sleeping_JJ infants_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL \_NULL Dr_NNB Barry_NP1 assisted_VVD with_IW research_NN1 into_II evoked_JJ response_NN1 procedures_NN2 for_IF assessing_VVG hearing_NN1 levels_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL \_NULL Dr_NNB Barry_NP1 advised_VVD on_II the_AT setting_NN1 up_RP of_IO equipment_NN1 ,_, and_CC assisted_VVD in_II the_AT choice_NN1 of_IO instrumentation_NN1 for_IF this_DD1 research_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Auditory_JJ Brainstem_NN1 evoked_VVD Response_NN1 (_( {_NULL ABR_NN1 }_NULL )_) was_VBDZ selected_VVN as_II the_AT optimal_JJ method_NN1 for_IF evoked_JJ response_NN1 audiometry_NN1 in_II infants_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 method_NN1 involves_VVZ the_AT recording_NN1 of_IO neural_JJ responses_NN2 to_II sounds_NN2 from_II the_AT auditory_JJ nerve_NN1 and_CC brainstem_NN1 ,_, via_II electrodes_NN2 attached_VVD to_II the_AT scalp_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Several_DA2 experiments_NN2 were_VBDR undertaken_VVN during_II \_NULL Dr_NNB Barry_NP1 's_GE visit_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL These_DD2 involved_VVN the_AT investigation_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 newly-reported_JJ method_NN1 for_IF improving_VVG the_AT {_NULL ABR_NN1 }_NULL response_NN1 to_II low_JJ tones_NN2 ,_, the_AT establishment_NN of_IO required_JJ levels_NN2 of_IO masking_VVG noise_NN1 to_TO limit_VVI the_AT {_NULL ABR_NN1 }_NULL response_NN1 to_II the_AT part_NN1 of_IO the_AT hearing_NN1 spectrum_NN1 being_VBG tested_VVN ,_, and_CC the_AT collection_NN1 of_IO {_NULL ABR_NN1 }_NULL data_NN in_II normal-hearing_JJ adults_NN2 using_VVG brief_JJ tones_NN2 without_IW masking_VVG noise_NN1 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 291+TEXT+H27_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *2_NULL THE_AT 1986/_FO 87_MC FINANCIAL_JJ YEAR_NNT1 *0_NULL produced_VVD yet_RR another_DD1 series_NN of_IO dramatic_JJ and_CC exciting_JJ events_NN2 ,_, all_DB solidly_RR supported_VVN by_II record_NN1 earnings_NN2 for_IF the_AT 19th_MD time_NNT1 in_II a_AT1 row_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT final_JJ result_NN1 of_IO *+_NULL $342_NNU million_NNO is_VBZ the_AT second_MD highest_JJT profit_NN1 ever_RR recorded_VVN by_II a_AT1 New_NP Zealand_NP1 public_JJ company_NN1 and_CC is_VBZ another_DD1 milestone_NN1 in_II the_AT progression_NN1 of_IO more_RR21 than_RR22 two_MC decades_NNT2 of_IO outstanding_JJ growth_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *2_NULL GROWTH_NN1 PROSPECTS_VVZ ^_NULL *0_NULL After_II the_AT relative_JJ euphoria_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE 25th_MD anniversary_NN1 celebrations_NN2 it_PPH1 was_VBDZ necessary_JJ to_TO return_VVI to_II the_AT practical_JJ demands_NN2 of_IO 1987_MC *-_- our_APPGE 26th_MD year_NNT1 in_II historical_JJ terms_NN2 ,_, but_CCB only_RR the_AT first_MD in_II popular_JJ expectations_NN2 of_IO another_DD1 quarter_NN1 century_NNT1 of_IO comparable_JJ expansion_NN1 **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL and_CC achievement_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II this_DD1 context_NN1 ,_, the_AT outcome_NN1 augurs_VVZ well_RR because_CS the_AT record_NN1 profit_NN1 was_VBDZ accompanied_VVN by_II a_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO significant_JJ developments_NN2 for_IF the_AT future_NN1 and_CC is_VBZ backed_VVN by_II a_AT1 conservatively_RR stated_JJ balance_NN1 sheet_NN1 of_IO great_JJ strength_NN1 and_CC flexibility_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Longer_RRR term_VV0 it_PPH1 will_VM obviously_RR be_VBI impossible_JJ to_TO maintain_VVI indefinitely_RR a_AT1 compound_JJ rate_NN1 of_IO growth_NN1 on_II the_AT same_DA mathematical_JJ scale_NN1 as_CSA the_AT first_MD 25_MC years_NNT2 ,_, but_CCB in_II its_APPGE place_NN1 we_PPIS2 offer_VV0 *"_" blue_JJ chip_NN1 **"_" security_NN1 and_CC wide_JJ marketability_NN1 combined_VVD with_IW a_AT1 firm_JJ determination_NN1 to_TO continue_VVI to_TO provide_VVI very_RG high_RR returns_VVZ by_II any_DD normal_JJ criteria_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ also_RR worth_II repeating_VVG that_DD1 {_NULL BIL_NN1 }_NULL is_VBZ still_RR of_IO modest_JJ size_NN1 by_II world_NN1 standards_NN2 and_CC if_CSW we_PPIS2 can_VM emulate_VVI in_II overseas_JJ markets_NN2 what_DDQ has_VHZ been_VBN achieved_VVN in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 and_CC Australia_NP1 ,_, the_AT results_NN2 could_VM be_VBI spectacular_JJ ,_, not_XX only_RR for_IF {_NULL BIL_NN1 }_NULL shareholders_NN2 ,_, but_II21 for_II22 the_AT whole_JJ New_NP Zealand_NP1 economy_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *2_NULL INVESTMENT_NN1 ^_NULL *0_NULL In_II last_MD year_NNT1 's_GE annual_JJ report_NN1 we_PPIS2 commented_VVD on_II the_AT acquisition_NN1 of_IO substantial_JJ shareholdings_NN2 in_II various_JJ old_JJ established_JJ New_NP Zealand_NP1 companies_NN2 and_CC this_DD1 trend_NN1 continued_VVN in_II 1986/_FO 87_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL *4_NULL Skellerup_NP1 Industries_NNJ2 \_NULL Ltd_JJ *0_NULL became_VVD a_AT1 subsidiary_NN1 during_II the_AT year_NNT1 and_CC *4_NULL The_AT Auckland_NP1 Gas_NN1 \_NULL Co_NNJ ._. ^ \_NULL Ltd_JJ *0_NULL was_VBDZ absorbed_VVN by_II *4_NULL Welgas_NP1 Holdings_NP1 \_NULL Ltd_JJ *0_NULL in_II a_AT1 three_MC way_NN1 merger_NN1 also_RR incorporating_VVG *4_NULL East_NP Coast_NP1 Gas_NN1 Supply_VV0 \_NULL Ltd_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL Shareholdings_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN increased_VVN in_II *4_NULL {_NULL NZI_NP1 }_NULL Corporation_NNJ \_NULL Ltd_JJ *0_NULL (_( 32%_NNU )_) ,_, *4_NULL Lane_NN1 Walker_NP1 Rudkin_NP1 Industries_NNJ2 \_NULL Ltd_JJ *0_NULL (_( 47%_NNU )_) and_CC *4_NULL Cable_NN1 Price_NP1 Downer_NP1 \_NULL Ltd_JJ *0_NULL (_( 40%_NNU )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL There_RL have_VH0 also_RR been_VBN a_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO full_JJ acquisitions_NN2 of_IO previous_JJ publicly_RR listed_JJ subsidiaries_NN2 ,_, mainly_RR where_RRQ their_APPGE small_JJ size_NN1 did_VDD not_XX justify_VVI separate_JJ shareholding_NN1 structures_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *2_NULL WINSTONE_NP1 \_NULL LTD_JJ ^_NULL *4_NULL Winstone_NP1 \_NULL Ltd_JJ *0_NULL became_VVD a_AT1 wholly-owned_JJ subsidiary_NN1 as_II a_AT1 conseqence_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 share_NN1 exchange_NN1 offer_NN1 for_IF minorities_NN2 and_CC subsequently_RR acquired_VVD *4_NULL The_AT Golden_JJ Bay_NN1 Cement_NN1 \_NULL Co_NNJ ._. ^ \_NULL Ltd_JJ *0_NULL which_DDQ complements_VVZ an_AT1 already_RR impressive_JJ range_NN1 of_IO concrete_NN1 and_CC building_NN1 supply_NN1 operations_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Winstone_NP1 is_VBZ an_AT1 important_JJ subsidiary_NN1 for_IF us_PPIO2 and_CC will_VM become_VVI even_RR more_RRR so_CS in_II the_AT future_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ interesting_JJ to_TO note_VVI the_AT similarity_NN1 between_II Winstone_NP1 and_CC *4_NULL CalMat_NP1 \_NULL Co_NP1 ._. ^ *0_NULL in_II California_NP1 in_II which_DDQ we_PPIS2 have_VH0 a_AT1 15%_NNU interest_NN1 (_( through_II {_NULL IEP_NN1 }_NULL )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL Both_DB2 companies_NN2 operate_VV0 large_JJ scale_NN1 basic_JJ resources_NN2 and_CC building_NN1 materials_NN2 operations_NN2 and_CC each_DD1 has_VHZ a_AT1 strong_JJ property_NN1 base_NN1 ,_, partly_RR because_II21 of_II22 *"_" urban_JJ sprawl_NN1 **"_" having_VHG overtaken_VVN previously_RR remote_JJ quarry_NN1 locations_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ also_RR of_IO interest_NN1 to_TO compare_VVI the_AT cost_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE 15%_NNU investment_NN1 in_II CalMat_NP1 of_IO {_NULL NZ_NP }_NULL *+_NULL $190_NNU million_NNO with_IW the_AT {_NULL NZ_NP }_NULL *+_NULL $300_NNU million_NNO book_NN1 value_NN1 for_IF 100%_NNU of_IO Winstone_NP1 (_( which_DDQ is_VBZ a_AT1 major_JJ company_NN1 in_II its_APPGE own_DA right_NN in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 )_) ._. ^ ^_NULL Both_DB2 are_VBR worth_II a_PN21 lot_PN22 more_RRR in_II real_JJ terms_NN2 but_CCB the_AT comparison_NN1 illustrates_VVZ the_AT scope_NN1 for_IF big_JJ overseas_JJ investments_NN2 in_II industries_NN2 in_II which_DDQ we_PPIS2 have_VH0 familiarity_NN1 and_CC experience_NN1 in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 and_CC Australia_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *2_NULL RAINBOW_NN1 CORPORATION_NNJ ^_NULL *0_NULL In_II April_NPM1 ,_, we_PPIS2 aquired_VVD 30%_NNU of_IO *4_NULL Rainbow_NN1 Corporation_NNJ \_NULL Ltd_JJ *0_NULL and_CC in_II the_AT current_JJ term_NN1 we_PPIS2 have_VH0 made_VVN an_AT1 agreed_JJ offer_NN1 for_IF the_AT balance_NN1 of_IO the_AT capital_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ a_AT1 similar_JJ aquisition_NN1 to_II the_AT Bunting_NN1 deal_NN1 in_II 1984_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 have_VH0 secured_VVN some_DD good_JJ people_NN and_CC several_DA2 strategic_JJ investments_NN2 *-_- notably_RR *4_NULL Woolworths_NP \_NULL Ltd_JJ *0_NULL (_( 40%_NNU now_RT held_VVN by_II the_AT group_NN )_) and_CC 65%_NNU of_IO *4_NULL Progressive_JJ Enterprises_NN2 \_NULL Ltd_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL *0_NULL This_DD1 immediate_JJ entry_NN1 to_II a_AT1 strong_JJ position_NN1 in_II food_NN1 and_CC consumer_NN1 retailing_VVG on_II both_DB2 sides_NN2 of_IO the_AT Tasman_NP1 fills_VVZ a_AT1 gap_NN1 in_II our_APPGE industry_NN1 profile_NN1 and_CC was_VBDZ Rainbow_NN1 's_VBZ attraction_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *2_NULL WOOLWORTHS_NP \_NULL LTD_JJ ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT somewhat_RR unusual_JJ circumstances_NN2 of_IO our_APPGE aggregation_NN1 of_IO Woolworth_NP1 's_GE shares_NN2 has_VHZ been_VBN well_RR ventilated_VVN in_II the_AT media_NN (_( most_RGT inaccurately_RR )_) but_CCB we_PPIS2 have_VH0 no_RR21 doubt_RR22 whatever_DDQV of_IO the_AT complete_JJ validity_NN1 of_IO Woolworths_NP which_DDQ was_VBDZ a_AT1 sharemarket_NN1 legend_NN1 in_II the_AT 40s_MC2 and_CC 50s_MC2 ,_, but_CCB badly_RR lost_VVD its_APPGE way_NN1 when_RRQ the_AT original_JJ entrepreneurs_NN2 were_VBDR succeeded_VVN by_II accountants_NN2 and_CC administrators_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL However_RR ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ still_RR Australia_NP1 's_GE second_MD largest_JJT retailer_NN1 with_IW more_RR21 than_RR22 1000_MC stores_NN2 and_CC annual_JJ sales_NN2 of_IO \_NULL A_ZZ1 *+_NULL $5_NNU billion_NNO ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ a_AT1 big_JJ challenge_NN1 for_IF {_NULL BIL_NN1 }_NULL /_FO {_NULL IEL_NN1 }_NULL to_TO assist_VVI Woolworths_NP to_TO regain_VVI direction_NN1 in_II the_AT future_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *2_NULL MAGNUM_NN1 CORPORATION_NNJ \_NULL LTD_JJ ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT restructuring_NN1 and_CC expansion_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE liquor_NN1 interests_NN2 through_II the_AT acquisition_NN1 of_IO 69%_NNU of_IO *4_NULL Magnum_NP1 Corporation_NNJ \_NULL Ltd_JJ *0_NULL (_( formerly_RR Rothmans_NP1 )_) is_VBZ an_AT1 important_JJ move_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Magnum_NP1 incorporates_VVZ Liquorland_NP1 ,_, Allied_JJ Liquor_NN1 ,_, Robbie_NP1 Burns_NP1 ,_, Corbans_NP1 ,_, \_NULL J._NP1 Rattray_NP1 and_CC Countdown_NP1 and_CC has_VHZ become_VVN the_AT holding_NN1 company_NN1 for_IF our_APPGE former_DA direct_JJ interests_NN2 in_II Dominion_NN1 Breweries_NN2 ,_, Quill_NP1 Humphreys_NP1 and_CC Cooks_NP1 McWilliams_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 have_VH0 definitely_RR overtaken_JJ Lion_NN1 Corporation_NNJ as_II the_AT industry_NN1 leader_NN1 ,_, mainly_RR because_II21 of_II22 better_JJR anticipation_NN1 of_IO structural_NN1 and_CC consumer_NN1 requirements_NN2 of_IO the_AT 1980s_MC2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL {_NULL IEL_NP1 }_NULL subsidiary_NN1 ,_, *4_NULL The_AT Cascade_NP1 Brewery_NN1 \_NULL Co_NNJ ._. ^ \_NULL Ltd_JJ *0_NULL is_VBZ also_RR relevant_JJ in_II this_DD1 context_NN1 as_CSA it_PPH1 is_VBZ the_AT first_MD time_NNT1 that_CST one_MC1 group_NN has_VHZ owned_VVN breweries_NN2 in_II both_DB2 New_NP Zealand_NP1 and_CC Australia_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ particularly_RR opportune_JJ in_II the_AT {_NULL CER_NN1 }_NULL environment_NN1 of_IO increasing_VVG reciprocal_JJ trade_NN1 and_CC the_AT Cascade_NP1 relationship_NN1 has_VHZ more_RGR immediate_JJ potential_NN1 than_CSN the_AT purchase_NN1 of_IO breweries_NN2 elsewhere_RL in_II the_AT world_NN1 *-_- although_CS this_DD1 is_VBZ still_RR an_AT1 added_JJ option_NN1 if_CSW suitable_JJ opportunities_NN2 arise_VV0 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *2_NULL UNITED_NP KINGDOM_NP1 ^_NULL *0_NULL In_II the_AT past_JJ two_MC years_NNT2 ,_, we_PPIS2 have_VH0 been_VBN involved_JJ in_II three_MC large_JJ takeover_NN1 offers_NN2 in_II the_AT {_NULL UK_NP }_NULL *-_- the_AT current_JJ *+_NULL 450_MC million_NNO bid_NN1 by_II {_NULL BIL_NN1 }_NULL for_IF *4_NULL Equity_NP1 &_CC Law_NN1 \_NULL plc_NN1 ,_, *0_NULL a_AT1 leading_JJ {_NULL UK_NP }_NULL and_CC European_JJ life_NN1 assurance_NN1 office_NN1 ,_, and_CC earlier_JJR offers_NN2 of_IO *+_NULL 300_MC million_NNO for_IF *4_NULL Ocean_NN1 Transport_NN1 &_CC Trading_JJ \_NULL plc_NN1 *0_NULL and_CC *+_NULL 70_MC million_NNO by_II {_NULL TKM_NP }_NULL for_IF *4_NULL Molins_NP1 \_NULL plc_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Both_RR latter_DA offers_NN2 were_VBDR unsuccessful_JJ and_CC were_VBDR generally_RR unfavourably_RR received_VVN by_II the_AT {_NULL UK_NP }_NULL media_NN and_CC sharemarket_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 response_NN1 was_VBDZ mildly_RR disappointing_VVG but_CCB certainly_RR not_XX discouraging_VVG in_II31 view_II32 of_II33 *"_" the_AT City_NP1 's_GE **"_" apparent_JJ belated_JJ recognition_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE original_JJ judgement_NN1 in_II acquiring_VVG large_JJ shareholdings_NN2 in_II these_DD2 companies_NN2 at_II much_RR lower_JJR prices_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 intend_VV0 to_TO retain_VVI our_APPGE integrity_NN1 as_II a_AT1 value_NN1 investor_NN1 and_CC will_VM accept_VVI numerous_JJ more_DAR *'_" defeats_NN2 **'_" in_II preference_NN1 to_II ego_NN1 driven_JJ *'_" victories_NN2 **'_" at_II excessive_JJ cost_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT 1985_MC acquisition_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 majority_NN interest_NN1 in_II *4_NULL Tozer_NP1 Kemsley_NP1 &_CC Millbourn_NP1 (_( Holdings_NP1 )_) \_NULL plc_NN1 *0_NULL and_CC the_AT subsequent_JJ takeover_NN1 and_CC integration_NN1 of_IO *4_NULL Kenning_NP1 Motor_NN1 Group_NNJ \_NULL plc_NN1 *0_NULL has_VHZ succeeded_VVN very_RG well_RR indeed_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL {_NULL TKM_NP }_NULL is_VBZ one_MC1 of_IO the_AT largest_JJT motor_NN1 vehicle_NN1 distributors_NN2 in_II the_AT {_NULL UK_NP }_NULL ,_, France_NP1 and_CC Ireland_NP1 with_IW tyre_NN1 retailing_NN1 ,_, service_NN1 stations_NN2 and_CC rental_NN1 car_NN1 businesses_NN2 in_II support_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II our_APPGE view_NN1 ,_, this_DD1 substantial_JJ trading_JJ base_NN1 (_( with_IW sales_NN2 of_IO *+_NULL 717_MC million_NNO per_RA21 annum_RA22 and_CC more_RR21 than_RR22 7,800_MC employees_NN2 )_) is_VBZ well_RR underrated_VVN by_II the_AT market_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ somewhat_RR ironic_JJ in_II31 view_II32 of_II33 the_AT push_NN1 by_II other_JJ investment_NN1 groups_NN2 to_TO obtain_VVI genuine_JJ operating_NN1 earnings_NN2 in_II the_AT {_NULL UK_NP }_NULL and_CC elsewhere_RL ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *2_NULL UNITED_NP STATES_NP1 ^_NULL *0_NULL In_II the_AT more_RGR complex_JJ {_NULL US_PPIO2 }_NULL corporate_JJ environment_NN1 ,_, the_AT development_NN1 of_IO potential_JJ takeovers_NN2 has_VHZ proceeded_VVN more_RGR slowly_RR ._. ^ ^_NULL Of_IO the_AT two_MC acquisitions_NN2 so_RG far_RR ,_, *4_NULL The_AT Higbee_NP1 Company_NNJ *0_NULL has_VHZ been_VBN very_RG successful_JJ whereas_CS *4_NULL Anadite_NP1 \_NULL Inc_JJ *0_NULL (_( on_II a_AT1 much_RR smaller_JJR scale_NN1 )_) has_VHZ essentially_RR been_VBN a_AT1 disappointment_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT proposed_JJ sale_NN1 of_IO Higbee_NP1 may_VM seem_VVI somewhat_RR peverse_JJ in_II these_DD2 circumstances_NN2 but_CCB has_VHZ arisen_VVN in_II a_AT1 very_RG logical_JJ manner_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II recent_JJ months_NNT2 we_PPIS2 have_VH0 been_VBN involved_JJ in_II various_JJ discussions_NN2 regarding_II possible_JJ merger_NN1 or_CC aquisitions_NN2 of_IO other_JJ stores_NN2 as_II a_AT1 prelude_NN1 to_II a_AT1 public_JJ flotation_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Although_CS none_PN of_IO these_DD2 negotiations_NN2 came_VVD to_II fruition_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 became_VVD clear_JJ that_CST Higbee_NP1 's_GE strong_JJ geographical_JJ representation_NN1 in_II Ohio_NP1 (_( 12_MC stores_NN2 )_) has_VHZ an_AT1 added_JJ value_NN1 in_II the_AT present_JJ round_NN1 of_IO extensive_JJ rationalisation_NN1 in_II {_NULL US_NP }_NULL department_NNJ stores_VVZ ownership_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL With_IW the_AT full_JJ support_NN1 of_IO management_NN it_PPH1 was_VBDZ therefore_RR decided_VVN to_TO offer_VVI Higbee_NP1 for_IF sale_NN1 in_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO create_VVI other_JJ opportunities_NN2 for_IF a_AT1 stronger_JJR grouping_NN1 of_IO stores_NN2 for_IF the_AT company_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT response_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN good_JJ and_CC we_PPIS2 are_VBR now_RT evaluating_VVG the_AT various_JJ proposals_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *2_NULL CAPITAL_NN1 ^_NULL *0_NULL As_CSA announced_VVN already_RR ,_, the_AT Board_NNJ has_VHZ continued_VVN in_II 1987_MC the_AT established_JJ pattern_NN1 of_IO cash_NN1 and_CC bonus_NN1 issues_NN2 at_II year_NNT1 end_NN1 which_DDQ has_VHZ always_RR been_VBN a_AT1 popular_JJ feature_NN1 in_II the_AT past_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT terms_NN2 of_IO the_AT latest_JJT issue_NN1 (_( 1_MC1 for_IF 10_MC at_II *+_NULL $2_NNU and_CC a_AT1 1_MC1 for_IF 4_MC bonus_NN1 )_) places_VVZ only_RR modest_JJ demands_NN2 on_II shareholders_NN2 and_CC acknowledges_VVZ the_AT view_NN1 that_CST we_PPIS2 have_VH0 almost_RR reached_VVN the_AT limit_NN1 of_IO capital_NN1 which_DDQ the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 financial_JJ market_NN1 can_VM supply_VVI ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT increase_NN1 in_II balance_NN1 sheet_NN1 totals_NN2 from_II *+_NULL $5.6_NNU billion_NNO to_II *+_NULL $11.8_NNU billion_NNO demonstrates_VVZ the_AT incredible_JJ level_NN1 of_IO activity_NN1 which_DDQ has_VHZ been_VBN packed_VVN into_II the_AT past_JJ year_NNT1 and_CC the_AT current_JJ term_NN1 is_VBZ no_AT less_RGR active_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Even_RR applying_VVG the_AT most_RGT selective_JJ investment_NN1 criteria_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 believe_VV0 we_PPIS2 can_VM profitably_RR utilise_VVI vast_JJ amounts_NN2 of_IO new_JJ funding_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Although_CS there_EX has_VHZ been_VBN a_AT1 steady_JJ expansion_NN1 in_II the_AT share_NN1 register_NN1 (_( now_RT 160,000_MC shareholders_NN2 )_) it_PPH1 is_VBZ still_JJ 92%_NNU New_NP Zealand_NP1 dominated_VVD and_CC we_PPIS2 recognise_VV0 the_AT need_NN1 to_TO broaden_VVI our_APPGE geographical_JJ appeal_NN1 in_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO maximise_VVI benefits_NN2 for_IF existing_JJ shareholders_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT financial_JJ year_NNT1 has_VHZ begun_VVN well_RR and_CC we_PPIS2 look_VV0 forward_RL to_II reporting_VVG another_DD1 top_JJ performance_NN1 in_II 1988_MC ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *2_NULL DIRECTORS_NN2 ^_NULL *0_NULL A_AT1 feature_NN1 of_IO the_AT {_NULL BIL_NN1 }_NULL Board_NNJ is_VBZ its_APPGE stability_NN1 *-_- since_CS the_AT company_NN1 was_VBDZ formed_VVN there_RL have_VH0 only_RR been_VBN 16_MC directors_NN2 including_II the_AT present_JJ board_NN1 of_IO 10_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ somewhat_RR notable_JJ therefore_RR that_CST two_MC directors_NN2 *-_- \_NULL Mr_NNB {_NULL D.H._NP }_NULL McDonald_NP1 and_CC \_NULL Mr_NNB {_NULL D.N._NP }_NULL Chalmers_NN2 *-_- are_VBR retiring_VVG at_II this_DD1 year_NNT1 's_GE Annual_JJ General_JJ Meeting_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Don_NP1 McDonald_NP1 has_VHZ been_VBN a_AT1 director_NN1 since_II 1971_MC and_CC before_II then_RT was_VBDZ involved_JJ with_IW various_JJ subsidiary_JJ operations_NN2 ,_, so_CS he_PPHS1 has_VHZ been_VBN closely_RR identified_VVN with_IW the_AT progress_NN1 of_IO {_NULL BIL_NP1 }_NULL almost_RR since_CS inception_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 has_VHZ been_VBN a_AT1 tower_NN1 of_IO strength_NN1 throughout_II that_DD1 period_NN1 in_II both_DB2 a_AT1 personal_JJ and_CC professional_JJ capacity_NN1 ,_, particularly_RR in_II the_AT difficult_JJ early_JJ years_NNT2 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 will_VM miss_VVI him_PPHO1 at_II board_NN1 level_NN1 but_CCB look_VV0 forward_RL to_II continued_JJ informal_JJ association_NN1 for_IF many_DA2 years_NNT2 ahead_RL ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL David_NP1 Chalmers_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS recently_RR retired_VVD as_RG Managing_JJ *4_NULL Director_NN1 of_IO {_NULL NZI_JJ }_NULL Corporation_NNJ \_NULL Ltd_JJ **[_NULL sic_RR **]_NULL ,_, *0_NULL joined_VVD the_AT Board_NNJ in_II 1984_MC as_II a_AT1 consequence_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE close_JJ association_NN1 with_IW that_DD1 company_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL His_APPGE constructive_JJ contribution_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN most_RGT valuable_JJ ,_, particularly_RR in_II developing_VVG the_AT mutually_RR beneficial_JJ {_NULL BIL_NN1 }_NULL /_FO {_NULL NZI_JJ }_NULL relationship_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL {_NULL R.A._NP }_NULL Brierley_NP1 |_NULL ^_NULL *2_NULL CHAIRMAN_NN1 OF_IO DIRECTORS_NN2 |_NULL ^_NULL 5_MC OCTOBER_NPM1 1987_MC *<_NULL CHIEF_JJ EXECUTIVE_NN 'S_GE REPORT_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL 1987_MC has_VHZ been_VBN another_DD1 outstanding_JJ year_NNT1 characterised_VVD not_XX just_RR by_II record_NN1 profits_NN2 but_CCB by_II an_AT1 underlying_JJ momentum_NN1 and_CC sense_NN1 of_IO purpose_NN1 which_DDQ singles_VVZ out_RP {_NULL BIL_NN1 }_NULL as_CSA Australasia_NP1 's_GE leading_JJ company_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Although_CS the_AT *'_" final_JJ score_NN1 **'_" or_CC profit_NN1 is_VBZ important_JJ ,_, both_RR at_II the_AT time_NNT1 of_IO achievement_NN1 and_CC for_IF the_AT record_NN1 books_NN2 ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL nevertheless_RR only_RR one_MC1 ingredient_NN1 in_II a_AT1 very_RG critical_JJ mixture_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Even_RR more_RGR fundamental_JJ than_CSN playing_VVG and_CC winning_VVG is_VBZ the_AT strength_NN1 of_IO the_AT competition_NN1 ,_, proving_VVG the_AT consistency_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE performance_NN1 and_CC having_VHG a_AT1 balanced_JJ team_NN capable_JJ of_IO repeating_VVG the_AT success_NN1 story_NN1 into_II the_AT future_NN1 *-_- that_CST is_VBZ {_NULL BIL_NP1 }_NULL today_RT ._. ^ ^_NULL Our_APPGE existing_JJ investments_NN2 ,_, future_JJ prospects_NN2 and_CC strong_JJ financial_JJ positions_NN2 coupled_VVD with_IW an_AT1 outstanding_JJ team_NN of_IO proven_JJ performers_NN2 ensure_VV0 a_AT1 continuation_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE *'_" winning_JJ formula_NN1 ._. ^ **'_" *<_NULL *2_NULL PROFITABILITY_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT 1986/_FO 87_MC profit_NN1 of_IO *+_NULL $342_NNU million_NNO represents_VVZ an_AT1 increase_NN1 of_IO 9O%_FO on_II last_MD year_NNT1 and_CC all_DB increase_VV0 in_II adjusted_JJ earnings_NN2 per_II share_NN1 of_IO 61%_NNU ._. ^ ^_NULL Even_RR more_RGR pleasing_JJ is_VBZ the_AT inherent_JJ quality_NN1 of_IO the_AT **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL result_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ despite_II unprecedented_JJ conditions_NN2 in_II the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 financial_JJ markets_NN2 which_DDQ saw_VVD short_JJ term_NN1 interest_NN1 rates_NN2 peaking_VVG at_II over_II 40%_NNU whilst_CS at_II the_AT same_DA time_NNT1 the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 dollar_NNU1 was_VBDZ continuing_VVG to_TO revalue_VVI against_II the_AT currencies_NN2 of_IO the_AT countries_NN2 in_II which_DDQ we_PPIS2 operate_VV0 *-_- namely_REX the_AT United_NP States_NP1 ,_, the_AT United_NP Kingdom_NP1 and_CC Australia_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL {_NULL BIL_NP1 }_NULL has_VHZ two_MC broad_JJ sources_NN2 of_IO revenue_NN1 *-_- entrepreneurial_JJ profits_NN2 and_CC dividend_NN1 income_NN1 from_II our_APPGE share_NN1 portfolio_NN1 ,_, and_CC earnings_NN2 from_II our_APPGE trading_JJ companies_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL With_IW over_RG half_DB of_IO the_AT group_NN assets_NN2 represented_VVN by_II shares_NN2 in_II public_JJ companies_NN2 ,_, the_AT holding_NN1 costs_NN2 are_VBR substantial_JJ and_CC significantly_RR impact_VV0 on_II current_JJ profits_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL To_TO achieve_VVI superior_JJ profitability_NN1 while_CS at_II the_AT same_DA time_NNT1 having_VHG over_RG half_DB of_IO the_AT Group_NNJ 's_GE assets_NN2 invested_VVD for_IF the_AT future_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 clear_JJ illustration_NN1 of_IO the_AT excellence_NN1 of_IO the_AT result_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT real_JJ substance_NN1 of_IO the_AT profit_NN1 is_VBZ highlighted_VVN by_II the_AT earnings_NN2 before_II tax_NN1 and_CC minority_NN1 interests_NN2 of_IO *+_NULL $677_NNU million_NNO which_DDQ is_VBZ up_II 70%_NNU on_II last_MD year_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ derived_VVN entirely_RR from_II either_RR wholly_RR owned_JJ subsidiaries_NN2 or_CC companies_NN2 in_II which_DDQ {_NULL BIL_VV0 }_NULL is_VBZ the_AT majority_NN shareholder_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *2_NULL ACCOUNTING_JJ POLICIES_NN2 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL *0_NULL ^_NULL As_CSA in_II 1986_MC ,_, we_PPIS2 have_VH0 not_XX equity_NN1 accounted_VVN any_DD interests_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Shareholdings_NN2 which_DDQ could_VM be_VBI treated_VVN in_II this_DD1 manner_NN1 include_VV0 *-_- in_II the_AT United_NP States_NP1 :_: Molokai_NP1 Ranch_NN1 29%_NNU ;_; Everest_NP1 and_CC Jennings_NP1 27%_NNU ;_; Union_NNJ Special_JJ 28%_NNU ;_; in_II Luxembourg_NP1 :_: European_JJ Pacific_NP1 Investments_NN2 {_NULL S.A._NP1 }_NULL 28%_NNU ;_; in_II Australia_NP1 :_: The_AT Australian_JJ Gas_NN1 Light_NN1 Company_NNJ 30%_NNU ;_; Woolworths_NP 20%_NNU ;_; and_CC in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 :_: Acadia_NP1 Corporation_NNJ 46%_NNU ;_; Cable_NN1 Price_NP1 Downer_NP1 40%_NNU ;_; Lane_NN1 Walker_NP1 Rudkin_NP1 47%_NNU ;_; {_NULL NZI_JJ }_NULL Corporation_NNJ 32%_NNU ;_; Rainbow_NN1 Corporation_NNJ 30%_NNU ;_; Wellesley_NP1 Resources_NN2 26%_NNU and_CC Willliams_NP1 &_CC Kettle_NN1 30%_NNU ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Consistent_JJ accounting_JJ policies_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN applied_VVN and_CC in_RR21 particular_RR22 goodwill_VV0 on_II acquisition_NN1 of_IO subsidiaries_NN2 has_VHZ been_VBN written_VVN off_RP ,_, all_DB foreign_JJ exchange_NN1 gains_NN2 and_CC losses_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN included_VVN in_II the_AT profit_NN1 and_CC loss_NN1 account_NN1 ,_, no_AT property_NN1 revaluations_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN included_VVN in_II the_AT profit_NN1 and_CC the_AT accounts_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN prepared_VVN on_II a_AT1 conservative_JJ basis_NN1 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 292+TEXT+H28_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Renouf_NP1 Corporation_NNJ Limited_VVD was_VBDZ established_VVN with_IW the_AT goal_NN1 of_IO becoming_VVG a_AT1 significant_JJ New_JJ Zealand-based_JJ international_JJ company_NN1 returning_VVG above_II average_JJ yields_NN2 to_II investors_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Within_II three_MC years_NNT2 it_PPH1 has_VHZ fulfilled_VVN that_DD1 objective_NN1 and_CC I_PPIS1 am_VBM proud_JJ that_CST predictions_NN2 of_IO a_ZZ1 *+_NULL $150_NNU million_NNO profit_NN1 have_VH0 been_VBN achieved_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT declaration_NN1 in_II the_AT review_NN1 period_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 annualised_JJ earnings_NN2 per_II share_NN1 of_IO 48.7_MC cents_NNU2 is_VBZ an_AT1 increase_NN1 of_IO 113.6_MC percent_NNU over_II the_AT previous_JJ year_NNT1 ._. ^ ^_NULL There_EX are_VBR few_DA2 companies_NN2 with_IW such_DA an_AT1 excellent_JJ track_NN1 record_NN1 of_IO profit_NN1 generation_NN1 in_II their_APPGE formative_JJ years_NNT2 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ not_XX surprising_JJ therefore_RR that_CST shareholdings_NN2 in_II your_APPGE company_NN1 should_VM prove_VVI highly_RR attractive_JJ to_II major_JJ investors_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Most_RGT recently_RR I_PPIS1 have_VH0 increased_VVN my_APPGE personal_JJ shareholding_NN1 from_II 42_MC million_NNO to_II 57_MC million_NNO shares_NN2 and_CC welcomed_VVD two_MC new_JJ major_JJ shareholders_NN2 in_II {_NULL FAI_JJ }_NULL Insurances_NN2 Limited_VVN with_IW 58_MC million_NNO shares_NN2 ,_, and_CC the_AT Development_NN1 Finance_NN1 Corporation_NNJ of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 Limited_VVD with_IW 7.5_MC million_NNO shares_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 feel_VV0 sure_JJ the_AT contribution_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 major_JJ corporations_NNJ2 in_II both_DB2 the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 and_CC international_JJ financial_JJ markets_NN2 will_VM generate_VVI significant_JJ opportunities_NN2 for_IF Renouf_NP1 Corporation_NNJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Shareholders_NN2 and_CC management_NN can_VM be_VBI well_RR satisfied_VVN with_IW the_AT operating_NN1 record_NN1 of_IO your_APPGE corporation_NNJ to_TO date_VVI which_DDQ bears_VVZ testimony_NN1 to_II the_AT loyalty_NN1 and_CC hard_JJ work_NN1 of_IO both_DB2 executive_NN directors_NN2 and_CC staff_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL Following_VVG the_AT **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL shareholding_NN1 changes_NN2 noted_VVD above_RL ,_, \_NULL Messrs_NNB {_NULL M_NN1 J_ZZ1 }_NULL Cashin_NN1 ,_, {_NULL I_MC1 L_NP1 G_NP1 }_NULL Stewart_NP1 ,_, {_NULL A_AT1 W_NP1 }_NULL Strange_NP1 and_CC {_NULL G_NP1 J_NP1 }_NULL Marsh_NP1 left_VVD the_AT Board_NNJ with_IW myself_PPX1 joining_VVG as_II Chairman_NN1 plus_II \_NULL Messrs_NNB {_NULL R_NP1 B_NP1 }_NULL Corlett_NP1 (_( Deputy_NN1 Chairman_NN1 )_) ,_, {_NULL C_NP1 J_NP1 }_NULL Beardsley_NP1 and_CC {_NULL J_NP1 R_NP1 }_NULL Needham_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL During_II the_AT year_NNT1 ,_, I_PPIS1 regret_VV0 to_TO say_VVI that_CST one_MC1 of_IO our_APPGE directors_NN2 ,_, Reid_NP1 Jackson_NP1 ,_, passed_VVD away_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 will_VM be_VBI sadly_RR missed_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL We_PPIS2 have_VH0 witnessed_VVN an_AT1 exciting_JJ profit_NN1 period_NN1 for_IF the_AT Corporation_NNJ *-_- I_PPIS1 can_VM assure_VVI you_PPY the_AT future_NN1 looks_VVZ bright_JJ indeed_RR ._. ^ |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL Sir_NNB Francis_NP1 \_NULL H_NP1 Renouf_NP1 |_NULL ^_NULL Chairman_NN1 **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL *<_NULL Managing_JJ Director_NN1 's_VBZ Report_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Your_APPGE company_NN1 has_VHZ now_RT consolidated_VVN its_APPGE position_NN1 among_II the_AT leading_JJ New_NP Zealand_NP1 international_JJ corporations_NNJ2 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 believe_VV0 that_CST the_AT quality_NN1 of_IO earnings_NN2 and_CC strength_NN1 of_IO the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 and_CC international_JJ base_NN1 established_VVN by_II the_AT corporation_NNJ provide_VV0 an_AT1 extremely_RR sound_JJ platform_NN1 for_IF further_JJR global_JJ development_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ the_AT intention_NN1 of_IO your_APPGE directors_NN2 to_TO build_VVI on_II the_AT successes_NN2 achieved_VVD to_TO date_VVI and_CC we_PPIS2 envisage_VV0 that_CST the_AT excellent_JJ earnings_NN2 per_II share_NN1 rates_NN2 achieved_VVN during_II the_AT period_NN1 under_II review_NN1 will_VM be_VBI sustained_VVN over_II the_AT long_JJ term_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Our_APPGE profit_NN1 in_II the_AT period_NN1 under_II review_NN1 when_RRQ placed_VVN on_II an_AT1 annualised_JJ basis_NN1 gives_VVZ a_AT1 return_NN1 of_IO *+_NULL $121.7_NNU million_NNO ,_, with_IW earnings_NN2 per_II share_NN1 of_IO 48.7_MC cents_NNU2 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 means_VVZ your_APPGE corporation_NNJ has_VHZ a_AT1 price/_FO earnings_NN2 ratio_NN1 of_IO 7_MC which_DDQ is_VBZ low_JJ by_II industry_NN1 standards_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Profits_NN2 during_II the_AT year_NNT1 were_VBDR boosted_VVN by_II the_AT sale_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE shareholding_NN1 in_II {_NULL NZI_NP1 }_NULL Corporation_NNJ which_DDQ gave_VVD a_AT1 gain_NN1 of_IO some_DD *+_NULL $45_NNU million_NNO ._. ^ ^_NULL Returns_NN2 were_VBDR further_RRR boosted_VVN by_II contributions_NN2 of_IO *+_NULL $21.5_NNU million_NNO from_II Renouf_NP1 Properties_NN2 Limited_JJ and_CC *+_NULL $19.4_NNU million_NNO from_II \_NULL R_ZZ1 &_CC \_NULL W_NP1 Hellaby_NP1 Limited_VVD ,_, in_II31 addition_II32 to_II33 *+_NULL $65.3_NNU million_NNO from_II the_AT banking_NN1 and_CC investment_NN1 division_NNJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Our_APPGE confidence_NN1 in_II the_AT rewards_NN2 available_JJ to_II shareholders_NN2 and_CC staff_NN in_II the_AT future_JJ springs_NN2 from_II the_AT soundness_NN1 of_IO the_AT earnings_NN2 base_VV0 now_RT in_II place_NN1 and_CC the_AT proven_JJ success_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE operating_NN1 philosophy_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 believe_VV0 that_DD1 returns_VVZ from_II our_APPGE international_JJ investments_NN2 ,_, coupled_VVD with_IW the_AT activities_NN2 of_IO the_AT divisions_NN2 within_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 ,_, will_VM ensure_VVI excellent_JJ rewards_NN2 for_IF shareholders_NN2 in_II coming_JJ years_NNT2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Looking_VVG ahead_RL to_II June_NPM1 1988_MC ,_, we_PPIS2 are_VBR forecasting_VVG a_AT1 sustainable_JJ earnings_NN2 base_NN1 of_IO *+_NULL $120_NNU million_NNO ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL We_PPIS2 have_VH0 consistently_RR encouraged_VVN our_APPGE executive_NN team_NN to_TO accept_VVI new_JJ ideas_NN2 and_CC to_TO investigate_VVI their_APPGE potential_NN1 from_II a_AT1 fundamental_JJ base_NN1 of_IO achieving_VVG a_AT1 productive_JJ return_NN1 on_II investment_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Members_NN2 of_IO the_AT team_NN have_VH0 fulfilled_VVN these_DD2 goals_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL We_PPIS2 believe_VV0 that_CST the_AT policy_NN1 of_IO **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL encouraging_JJ management_NN autonomy_NN1 among_II subsidiary_JJ companies_NN2 has_VHZ proved_VVN successful_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 has_VHZ resulted_VVN in_II excellent_JJ returns_NN2 for_IF the_AT group_NN and_CC a_AT1 good_JJ deal_NN1 of_IO satisfaction_NN1 among_II executives_NN2 and_CC line_NN1 management_NN whose_DDQGE performance_NN1 is_VBZ mirrored_VVN in_II the_AT level_NN1 of_IO earnings_NN2 achieved_VVN ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT focus_NN1 of_IO management_NN will_VM continue_VVI to_TO be_VBI on_II making_VVG the_AT most_RGT effective_JJ use_NN1 of_IO shareholders_NN2 '_GE funds_NN2 to_TO achieve_VVI the_AT highest_RRT returns_VVZ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ the_AT original_JJ intention_NN1 of_IO your_APPGE directors_NN2 to_TO maximise_VVI the_AT public_JJ listing_NN1 of_IO subsidiaries_NN2 in_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO give_VVI senior_JJ executives_NN2 and_CC staff_NN of_IO these_DD2 companies_NN2 an_AT1 opportunity_NN1 for_IF commitment_NN1 through_II public_JJ holdings_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL However_RR ,_, management_NN experience_NN1 has_VHZ shown_VVN it_PPH1 will_VM be_VBI of_IO greater_JJR benefit_NN1 to_II your_APPGE corporation_NNJ if_CSW we_PPIS2 seek_VV0 to_TO minimise_VVI public_JJ listings_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 are_VBR therefore_RR seeking_VVG to_TO achieve_VVI one_MC1 primary_NN1 listing_VVG in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 and_CC to_TO make_VVI Impala_NP1 Pacific_NP1 Corporation_NNJ our_APPGE main_JJ overseas_JJ arm_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 policy_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN implemented_VVN to_II good_JJ effect_NN1 in_II the_AT case_NN1 of_IO Alliance_NN1 ,_, Hellaby_NP1 and_CC Repco_NP1 and_CC we_PPIS2 now_RT hold_VV0 93_MC percent_NNU of_IO Renouf_NP1 Properties_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT intention_NN1 of_IO your_APPGE directors_NN2 is_VBZ to_TO maintain_VVI a_AT1 balance_NN1 between_II our_APPGE investments_NN2 offshore_RL and_CC New_NP Zealand_NP1 activities_NN2 directed_VVN through_II the_AT corporation_NNJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ the_AT belief_NN1 of_IO your_APPGE directors_NN2 that_CST the_AT maintenance_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 strong_JJ industrial_JJ sector_NN1 is_VBZ essential_JJ to_TO New_NP Zealand_NP1 's_GE economic_JJ growth_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 intend_VV0 to_TO build_VVI on_II our_APPGE investments_NN2 in_II this_DD1 sector_NN1 ,_, pursuing_VVG our_APPGE previously_RR announced_JJ policy_NN1 of_IO seeking_VVG out_RP fundamentally_RR sound_JJ companies_NN2 whose_DDQGE performance_NN1 can_VM be_VBI improved_VVN by_II the_AT application_NN1 of_IO fresh_JJ management_NN techniques_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT successes_NN2 of_IO Alliance_NN1 ,_, Hellaby_NP1 and_CC Repco_NP1 have_VH0 endorsed_VVN the_AT soundness_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE approach_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Our_APPGE involvement_NN1 will_VM continue_VVI to_TO focus_VVI on_II both_DB2 direct_JJ participation_NN1 and_CC the_AT provision_NN1 of_IO investment_NN1 finance_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Increased_JJ competition_NN1 in_II the_AT deregulated_JJ New_NP Zealand_NP1 economy_NN1 has_VHZ underlined_VVN the_AT reasons_NN2 why_RRQ your_APPGE directors_NN2 consider_VV0 expansion_NN1 of_IO the_AT corporation_NNJ 's_GE overseas_JJ interests_NN2 is_VBZ essential_JJ to_II the_AT maintenance_NN1 of_IO high_JJ returns_NN2 for_IF shareholders_NN2 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Activity_NN1 abroad_RL will_VM provide_VVI us_PPIO2 with_IW greater_JJR access_NN1 to_II overseas_JJ capital_NN1 markets_VVZ for_IF further_JJR development_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE New_NP Zealand_NP1 base_NN1 as_CSA required_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL On_II the_AT international_JJ front_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 have_VH0 made_VVN a_AT1 full_JJ bid_NN1 to_TO acquire_VVI all_DB the_AT issued_VVN capital_NN1 of_IO Impala_NP1 Pacific_NP1 Corporation_NNJ from_II our_APPGE current_JJ base_NN1 of_IO some_DD 26_MC percent_NNU ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 are_VBR guaranteed_VVN at_RR21 least_RR22 51_MC percent_NNU by_II31 way_II32 of_II33 an_AT1 agreement_NN1 with_IW Ariadne_NP1 Australia_NP1 with_IW our_APPGE option_NN1 to_TO purchase_VVI all_DB of_IO Ariadne_NP1 's_GE shareholding_NN1 at_II {_NULL HK_NP }_NULL *+_NULL $18.00_NNU per_II share_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 expect_VV0 to_TO complete_VVI this_DD1 takeover_NN1 by_II the_AT end_NN1 of_IO November_NPM1 1987_MC ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ the_AT belief_NN1 of_IO your_APPGE directors_NN2 that_CST the_AT 1988-89_MCMC year_NNT1 will_VM see_VVI further_RRR progress_VV0 in_II the_AT expansion_NN1 of_IO your_APPGE corporation_NNJ both_RR internationally_RR and_CC within_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 have_VH0 every_AT1 confidence_NN1 that_CST there_EX will_VM be_VBI increased_VVN returns_VVZ for_IF shareholders_NN2 in_II the_AT future_NN1 as_II a_AT1 result_NN1 of_IO decisions_NN2 taken_VVN during_II the_AT past_JJ year_NNT1 ,_, together_II21 with_II22 plans_NN2 now_RT being_VBG implemented_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL {_NULL C_NP1 J_NP1 }_NULL Beardsley_NP1 |_NULL ^_NULL Managing_JJ Director_NN1 *<_NULL Geared_VVD to_II Performance_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Renouf_NP1 Corporation_NNJ Limited_VVN is_VBZ geared_VVN to_II performance_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Within_II three_MC years_NNT2 it_PPH1 has_VHZ grown_VVN to_TO become_VVI one_MC1 of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 's_GE leading_JJ international_JJ corporations_NNJ2 ,_, holding_VVG significant_JJ investments_NN2 in_II the_AT United_NP States_NP1 ,_, Asia_NP1 and_CC Australia_NP1 ,_, as_CC31 well_CC32 as_CC33 New_NP Zealand_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Its_APPGE operations_NN2 encompass_VV0 industrial_JJ ,_, property_NN1 ,_, banking_NN1 and_CC investment_NN1 activities_NN2 and_CC each_DD1 of_IO these_DD2 divisions_NNJ2 complements_VVZ the_AT strengths_NN2 of_IO the_AT others_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Our_APPGE philosophy_NN1 of_IO matching_VVG entrepreneurial_JJ flair_NN1 to_II the_AT integrity_NN1 for_IF which_DDQ the_AT Renouf_NP1 name_NN1 has_VHZ always_RR stood_VVN has_VHZ produced_VVN spectacular_JJ gains_NN2 for_IF shareholders_NN2 and_CC a_AT1 growth_NN1 in_II company_NN1 profitability_NN1 which_DDQ is_VBZ the_AT envy_NN1 of_IO many_DA2 financiers_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Annualised_JJ earnings_NN2 have_VH0 soared_VVN from_II 13.6_MC cents_NNU2 a_AT1 share_NN1 in_II the_AT year_NNT1 to_II 31_MC March_NPM1 1985_MC ,_, to_II 48.7_MC cents_NNU2 per_II share_NN1 in_II the_AT 15_MC months_NNT2 to_II 30_MC June_NPM1 1987_MC ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Inevitably_RR the_AT successes_NN2 achieved_VVN by_II the_AT corporate_JJ team_NN and_CC rewards_NN2 available_JJ to_II shareholders_NN2 have_VH0 attracted_VVN a_AT1 great_JJ deal_NN1 of_IO interest_NN1 among_II investors_NN2 and_CC major_JJ financial_JJ institutions_NN2 who_PNQS see_VV0 advantages_NN2 for_IF themselves_PPX2 in_II associating_VVG with_IW your_APPGE company_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL That_CST this_DD1 should_VM be_VBI the_AT case_NN1 represents_VVZ recognition_NN1 of_IO the_AT achievements_NN2 recorded_VVN by_II Renouf_NP1 Corporation_NNJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT various_JJ shareholding_NN1 issues_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN settled_VVN in_II a_AT1 way_NN1 which_DDQ the_AT directors_NN2 feel_VV0 sure_JJ will_VM permit_VVI sustained_JJ long_JJ term_NN1 growth_NN1 in_II31 accord_II32 with_II33 their_APPGE intention_NN1 to_TO build_VVI Renouf_NP1 Corporation_NNJ as_II a_AT1 dynamic_JJ international_JJ operator_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Your_APPGE directors_NN2 see_VV0 the_AT company_NN1 poised_VVD for_IF further_JJR considerable_JJ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL expansion_NN1 now_CS21 that_CS22 the_AT banking_NN1 and_CC investment_NN1 ,_, property_NN1 and_CC industrial_JJ divisions_NNJ2 are_VBR geared_VVN to_II high_JJ performance_NN1 levels_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 are_VBR also_RR pleased_JJ with_IW the_AT opportunities_NN2 showing_VVG up_RP for_IF Impala_NP1 Pacific_NP1 Corporation_NNJ and_CC with_IW the_AT returns_NN2 coming_VVG through_RP from_II the_AT investment_NN1 in_II Benequity_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Your_APPGE directors_NN2 see_VV0 this_DD1 as_II the_AT first_MD in_II a_AT1 series_NN of_IO moves_NN2 through_II which_DDQ Renouf_NP1 Corporation_NNJ will_VM establish_VVI itself_PPX1 still_RR further_RRR internationally_RR ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Impala_NP1 Pacific_NP1 Corporation_NNJ is_VBZ considered_VVN well_RR placed_VVN to_TO participate_VVI in_II this_DD1 fresh_JJ growth_NN1 phase_NN1 of_IO Renouf_NP1 Corporation_NNJ and_CC the_AT decision_NN1 to_TO take_VVI a_AT1 majority_NN interest_NN1 will_VM assist_VVI in_II the_AT drive_NN1 to_TO expand_VVI in_II the_AT United_NP States_NP1 ,_, Europe_NP1 and_CC Asia_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 considerable_JJ level_NN1 of_IO investment-related_JJ activity_NN1 can_VM be_VBI expected_VVN in_II the_AT latter_DA part_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 year_NNT1 as_II the_AT Corporation_NNJ moves_VVZ to_TO strengthen_VVI links_NN2 forged_VVD with_IW international_JJ financiers_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT operating_NN1 philosophy_NN1 of_IO your_APPGE company_NN1 is_VBZ geared_VVN to_II maintaining_VVG a_AT1 specially_RR selected_JJ group_NN of_IO key_JJ executive_NN staff_NN able_JJ to_TO establish_VVI a_AT1 pattern_NN1 of_IO development_NN1 and_CC identify_VVI opportunities_NN2 to_TO achieve_VVI maximum_JJ reward_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Managers_NN2 of_IO the_AT operating_NN1 groups_NN2 within_II the_AT divisions_NN2 are_VBR encouraged_VVN to_TO take_VVI full_JJ responsibility_NN1 for_IF the_AT development_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE areas_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 management_NN method_NN1 has_VHZ proved_VVN particularly_RR successful_JJ in_II the_AT transformation_NN1 of_IO Alliance_NN1 Textiles_NN2 and_CC Repco_NP1 Merchants_NN2 into_II strong_JJ cash_NN1 generators_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Management_NN teams_NN2 of_IO Renouf_NP1 companies_NN2 are_VBR lean_JJ in_II numbers_NN2 but_CCB strong_JJ in_II performance_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Our_APPGE consistent_JJ approach_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN to_TO locate_VVI companies_NN2 capable_JJ of_IO better_JJR performances_NN2 and_CC to_TO turn_VVI **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL them_PPHO2 into_II more_RGR profitable_JJ businesses_NN2 through_II rationalisation_NN1 ,_, reconstruction_NN1 and_CC redirection_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II this_DD1 the_AT entrepreneurial_JJ flair_NN1 and_CC innovation_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE own_DA team_NN of_IO executive_JJ directors_NN2 is_VBZ paramount_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Their_APPGE focus_NN1 on_II identifying_VVG and_CC placing_VVG accountability_NN1 on_II line_NN1 management_NN with_IW specific_JJ expertise_NN1 ,_, and_CC then_RT rewarding_JJ success_NN1 when_CS it_PPH1 is_VBZ achieved_VVN ,_, has_VHZ been_VBN a_AT1 key_JJ factor_NN1 in_II the_AT process_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II31 line_II32 with_II33 our_APPGE policy_NN1 of_IO focusing_VVG our_APPGE expansion_NN1 overseas_RL through_II Impala_NP1 Pacific_NP1 Corporation_NNJ ,_, this_DD1 company_NN1 has_VHZ announced_VVN its_APPGE intention_NN1 to_TO purchase_VVI all_DB the_AT capital_NN1 of_IO Renouf_NP1 Corporation_NNJ Australia_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ our_APPGE objective_NN1 to_TO own_VVI 51_MC percent_NNU of_IO the_AT Impala_NP1 shareholding_NN1 and_CC the_AT bid_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN made_VVN at_II {_NULL HK_NP }_NULL *+_NULL $18.00_NNU a_AT1 share_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Currently_RR we_PPIS2 hold_VV0 some_DD 26_MC percent_NNU of_IO Impala_NP1 and_CC Ariadne_NP1 has_VHZ indicated_VVN it_PPH1 will_VM sell_VVI to_II us_PPIO2 any_DD outstanding_JJ shares_NN2 we_PPIS2 require_VV0 to_TO take_VVI our_APPGE holding_NN1 to_II the_AT 51_MC percent_NNU level_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Banking_NN1 and_CC Investment_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL By_II making_VVG maximum_JJ use_NN1 of_IO the_AT Corporation_NNJ 's_GE wide_JJ international_JJ contacts_NN2 the_AT division_NNJ contributed_VVD *+_NULL $65.3_NNU million_NNO to_II the_AT group_NN 's_GE profitability_NN1 in_II the_AT period_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Unlike_II a_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO other_JJ merchant_NN1 banking_NN1 operations_NN2 which_DDQ have_VH0 developed_VVN in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 under_II the_AT new_JJ deregulated_JJ environment_NN1 ,_, the_AT division_NNJ has_VHZ maintained_VVN a_AT1 low_JJ profile_NN1 fitting_VVG to_II the_AT specialist_NN1 and_CC **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL confidential_JJ role_NN1 it_PPH1 has_VHZ adopted_VVN as_II an_AT1 entrepreneurial_JJ unit_NN1 geared_VVD to_TO meet_VVI the_AT urgent_JJ ,_, and_CC often_RR complex_JJ ,_, financial_JJ needs_NN2 of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 corporations_NNJ2 ._. ^ ^_NULL During_II the_AT period_NN1 under_II review_NN1 it_PPH1 has_VHZ acted_VVN defensively_RR in_II mergers_NN2 and_CC takeovers_NN2 both_RR in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 and_CC Australia_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Niche_NN1 marketing_NN1 with_IW an_AT1 emphasis_NN1 on_II specialist_JJ skills_NN2 tailored_VVD to_II individual_JJ client_NN1 requirements_NN2 has_VHZ been_VBN the_AT thrust_NN1 of_IO development_NN1 within_II the_AT division_NNJ ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT division_NNJ does_VDZ not_XX plan_VVI to_TO take_VVI up_RP a_AT1 banking_NN1 licence_NN1 or_CC foreign_JJ exchange_NN1 dealing_VVG licence_NN1 in_II31 line_II32 with_II33 the_AT opening_NN1 up_RP of_IO the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 banking_NN1 environment_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 intends_VVZ to_TO focus_VVI its_APPGE development_NN1 thrust_VVN on_II securities_NN2 trading_VVG through_II its_APPGE widening_JJ international_JJ network_NN1 ,_, servicing_VVG of_IO the_AT requirements_NN2 of_IO group_NN activities_NN2 and_CC operations_NN2 as_II a_AT1 boutique_NN1 merchant_NN1 banker_NN1 putting_VVG together_RL financial_JJ packages_NN2 geared_VVD to_II the_AT increasingly_RR international_JJ requirements_NN2 of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 commerce_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Opportunities_NN2 available_JJ for_IF carrying_VVG out_RP successful_JJ transactions_NN2 are_VBR considerable_JJ ,_, and_CC although_CS competition_NN1 in_II the_AT finance_NN1 and_CC banking_NN1 sector_NN1 is_VBZ increasing_VVG rapidly_RR with_IW the_AT introduction_NN1 of_IO new_JJ foreign_JJ specialists_NN2 to_II the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 market_NN1 ,_, the_AT division_NNJ is_VBZ positioned_VVN for_IF growth_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Its_APPGE activities_NN2 relate_VV0 well_RR to_II the_AT management_NN of_IO group_NN financial_JJ resources_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL These_DD2 provide_VV0 it_PPH1 with_IW a_AT1 sound_JJ base_NN1 for_IF future_JJ development_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT division_NNJ will_VM continue_VVI to_TO operate_VVI in_II the_AT areas_NN2 of_IO mergers_NN2 and_CC acquisitions_NN2 ,_, underwriting_VVG ,_, risk_NN1 management_NN ,_, project_NN1 financing_NN1 ,_, leveraged_JJ buyouts_NN2 ,_, debt_NN1 and_CC equity_NN1 finance_NN1 and_CC general_JJ corporate_JJ advice_NN1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT increasing_JJ sophistication_NN1 of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 financial_JJ markets_NN2 ,_, and_CC rising_VVG demands_NN2 from_II corporate_JJ fund_NN1 managers_NN2 for_IF innovative_JJ packages_NN2 ,_, has_VHZ created_VVN a_AT1 situation_NN1 in_II which_DDQ the_AT specialist_JJ expertise_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE banking_NN1 division_NNJ is_VBZ in_II constant_JJ demand_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Our_APPGE foreign_JJ exchange_NN1 advisory_JJ services_NN2 are_VBR regularly_RR required_VVN for_IF the_AT management_NN of_IO corporate_JJ forex_NN1 dealings_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT banking_NN1 team_NN is_VBZ widely_RR experienced_VVN in_II managing_VVG the_AT finances_NN2 of_IO industrial_JJ organisations_NN2 and_CC in_II31 view_II32 of_II33 the_AT increasing_JJ competition_NN1 evident_JJ in_II the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 manufacturing_VVG sector_NN1 we_PPIS2 believe_VV0 our_APPGE specialist_JJ skills_NN2 will_VM add_VVI further_RRR to_II the_AT role_NN1 of_IO the_AT division_NNJ within_II the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 financial_JJ sector_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Impala_NP1 Pacific_NP1 Corporation_NNJ *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Impala_NP1 Pacific_NP1 Corporation_NNJ 's_GE investment_NN1 activities_NN2 are_VBR focused_VVN on_II securities_NN2 trading_VVG ,_, property_NN1 ownership_NN1 and_CC development_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 contributed_VVD some_DD *+_NULL $16.9_NNU million_NNO to_II group_NN profitability_NN1 in_II the_AT period_NN1 under_II review_NN1 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 293+TEXT+H29_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL With_IW a_AT1 large_JJ projected_JJ increase_NN1 in_II the_AT number_NN1 of_IO old_JJ persons_NN2 in_II the_AT population_NN1 ,_, planning_VVG for_IF the_AT care_NN1 of_IO the_AT elderly_JJ is_VBZ a_AT1 priority_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT research_NN1 being_VBG undertaken_VVN by_II Avery_NP1 Jack_NP1 should_VM make_VVI a_AT1 contribution_NN1 to_II this_DD1 by_II indicating_VVG the_AT preferences_NN2 that_CST old_JJ and_CC handicapped_JJ persons_NN2 have_VH0 for_IF their_APPGE care_NN1 ,_, and_CC also_RR by_II providing_VVG an_AT1 understanding_NN1 of_IO the_AT circumstances_NN2 and_CC the_AT views_NN2 of_IO those_DD2 who_PNQS give_VV0 care_NN1 to_II dependent_JJ persons_NN2 ._. ^ *<_NULL *2_NULL STUDYING_VVG SOCIAL_JJ WORK_NN1 TRAINING_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Jennie_NP1 Pilalis_NP1 is_VBZ completing_VVG a_AT1 study_NN1 of_IO the_AT experiences_NN2 of_IO social_JJ workers_NN2 in_II their_APPGE first_MD twelve_MC months_NNT2 in_II work_NN1 following_VVG their_APPGE completion_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 university-based_NN1 ,_, qualifying_VVG course_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Twenty-two_MC graduates_NN2 were_VBDR interviewed_VVN four_MC times_NNT2 to_TO record_VVI their_APPGE perceptions_NN2 of_IO their_APPGE experience_NN1 of_IO moving_VVG from_II course_NN1 to_II agency_NN1 settings_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Emerging_VVG findings_NN2 indicate_VV0 that_CST the_AT social_JJ work_NN1 course_NN1 has_VHZ a_AT1 major_JJ impact_NN1 on_II graduates_NN2 '_GE social_JJ work_NN1 perspectives_NN2 and_CC confidence_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL A_AT1 broader_JJR view_NN1 of_IO social_JJ work_NN1 and_CC ,_, for_IF most_DAT ,_, a_AT1 clearer_JJR and_CC more_RGR confident_JJ personal_JJ perspective_NN1 resulted_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL Upon_II entering_VVG agencies_NN2 ,_, graduates_NN2 experienced_VVD their_APPGE perspective_NN1 as_CSA fitting_JJ or_CC misfitting_VVG that_DD1 of_IO the_AT agency_NN1 ,_, colleagues_NN2 and_CC clients_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 became_VVD preoccupied_JJ with_IW gaining_VVG or_CC maintaining_VVG a_AT1 way_NN1 of_IO working_VVG which_DDQ encompassed_VVD their_APPGE perspectives_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Implications_NN2 for_IF the_AT planning_NN1 of_IO social_JJ work_NN1 courses_NN2 ,_, induction_NN1 of_IO graduates_NN2 to_II agencies_NN2 and_CC for_IF preparing_VVG graduates_NN2 for_IF this_DD1 transition_NN1 will_VM arise_VVI from_II this_DD1 research_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *2_NULL PROBING_VVG THE_AT {_NULL NZ_NP }_NULL ECONOMY_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Since_CS its_APPGE beginnings_NN2 fifty_MC years_NNT2 ago_RA ,_, the_AT development_NN1 of_IO numerical_JJ models_NN2 of_IO the_AT economy_NN1 has_VHZ grown_VVN into_II a_AT1 major_JJ activity_NN1 in_II economic_JJ research_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL For_IF the_AT last_MD four_MC years_NNT2 ,_, \_NULL Drs_NP1 Lew_NP1 Evans_NP1 and_CC Graeme_NP1 Wells_NP1 have_VH0 been_VBN investigating_VVG the_AT uses_NN2 and_CC interpretations_NN2 of_IO time-series_JJ models_NN2 of_IO the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 economy_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL By_II contrast_NN1 to_II the_AT traditional_JJ approach_NN1 ,_, their_APPGE objective_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO construct_VVI and_CC test_VVI small_JJ models_NN2 which_DDQ use_VV0 very_RG few_DA2 prior_JJ assumptions_NN2 about_II how_RRQ the_AT economy_NN1 works_VVZ ._. ^ ^_NULL Such_DA models_NN2 have_VH0 had_VHN considerable_JJ overseas_JJ success_NN1 in_II forecasting_VVG applications_NN2 ,_, and_CC they_PPHS2 are_VBR beginning_VVG to_TO be_VBI used_VVN for_IF this_DD1 purpose_NN1 in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL An_AT1 additional_JJ objective_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE research_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO develop_VVI computer_NN1 software_NN1 for_IF the_AT theoretical_JJ interpretation_NN1 of_IO simulation_NN1 experiments_NN2 with_IW the_AT models_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL If_CS successful_JJ ,_, this_DD1 can_VM be_VBI used_VVN to_TO test_VVI ,_, for_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, the_AT effects_NN2 of_IO an_AT1 exchange_NN1 rate_NN1 change_NN1 on_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 wages_NN2 and_CC prices_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL These_DD2 tests_NN2 may_VM be_VBI less_RGR expensive_JJ than_CSN and_CC equally_RR reliable_JJ as_CSA those_DD2 generated_VVN by_II traditional_JJ approaches_NN2 ._. ^ *<_NULL *2_NULL THE_AT ECONOMICS_NN OF_IO MIGRATION_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT study_NN1 of_IO the_AT causes_NN2 and_CC consequences_NN2 of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 's_GE internal_JJ and_CC international_JJ migration_NN1 is_VBZ one_MC1 of_IO the_AT research_NN1 interests_NN2 of_IO \_NULL Dr_NNB Jacques_NP1 Poot_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS himself_PPX1 emigrated_VVD from_II the_AT Netherlands_NP1 to_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 in_II 1979_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL During_II 1985_MC he_PPHS1 has_VHZ been_VBN involved_JJ in_II projects_NN2 in_II this_DD1 area_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL One_MC1 of_IO these_DD2 is_VBZ an_AT1 econometric_JJ study_NN1 of_IO the_AT post-war_JJ population_NN1 exchange_NN1 with_IW Australia_NP1 ,_, which_DDQ \_NULL Dr_NNB Poot_NP1 carried_VVD out_RP jointly_RR with_IW \_NULL Dr_NNB Peter_NP1 Brosnan_NP1 of_IO the_AT Industrial_JJ Relations_NN2 Centre_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Since_CS World_NN1 War_NN1 *=_NULL II_MC ,_, trans-Tasman_JJ migration_NN1 has_VHZ had_VHN strong_JJ cyclical_JJ fluctuations_NN2 ,_, but_CCB on_II average_NN1 more_DAR people_NN have_VH0 left_VVN New_NP Zealand_NP1 to_TO settle_VVI in_II Australia_NP1 than_CSN the_AT other_JJ way_NN1 around_RP ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT net_JJ outflow_NN1 to_II Australia_NP1 has_VHZ cumulated_VVN to_II as_RG much_DA1 as_CSA 300,000_MC people_NN ,_, and_CC the_AT econometric_JJ model_NN1 explains_VVZ this_DD1 *"_" Drift_NN1 West_NP1 **"_" in_II31 terms_II32 of_II33 better_JJR long-term_JJ prospects_NN2 in_II Australia_NP1 in_II31 terms_II32 of_II33 earnings_NN2 and_CC employment_NN1 opportunities_NN2 ,_, although_CS demographic_JJ factors_NN2 ,_, return_JJ migration_NN1 and_CC the_AT cost_NN1 of_IO air_NN1 travel_NN1 relative_II21 to_II22 earnings_NN2 also_RR play_VV0 a_AT1 role_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT results_NN2 of_IO this_DD1 study_NN1 will_VM be_VBI integrated_VVN with_IW an_AT1 analysis_NN1 of_IO the_AT trans-Tasman_JJ exchange_NN1 of_IO persons_NN2 with_IW specific_JJ occupations_NN2 in_II a_ZZ1 report_VV0 to_TO be_VBI published_VVN by_II the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 Planning_NN1 Council_NNJ in_II 1986_MC ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Another_DD1 project_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 study_NN1 of_IO the_AT economic_JJ consequences_NN2 of_IO immigration_NN1 to_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 ,_, which_DDQ \_NULL Dr_NNB Poot_NP1 started_VVD towards_II the_AT end_NN1 of_IO 1985_MC and_CC which_DDQ he_PPHS1 has_VHZ been_VBN undertaking_VVG for_IF the_AT Department_NNJ of_IO Labour_NNJ ,_, on_II31 behalf_II32 of_II33 the_AT Institute_NNJ of_IO Policy_NN1 Studies_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT objective_NN1 of_IO the_AT study_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO assess_VVI whether_CSW the_AT findings_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 recent_JJ major_JJ Australian_JJ study_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ provided_VVD cautious_JJ support_NN1 for_IF higher_JJR levels_NN2 of_IO immigration_NN1 ,_, are_VBR also_RR applicable_JJ to_TO New_NP Zealand_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL One_MC1 important_JJ finding_NN1 which_DDQ appears_VVZ true_JJ in_II both_DB2 countries_NN2 is_VBZ that_DD1 immigration_NN1 ,_, contrary_II21 to_II22 popular_JJ belief_NN1 ,_, does_VDZ not_XX increase_VVI the_AT rate_NN1 of_IO unemployment_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *2_NULL ACCOLADES_NN2 FOR_IF RUSSIAN_JJ PROFESSOR_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Professor_NNB Waddington_NP1 is_VBZ collaborating_VVG on_II the_AT definitive_JJ new_JJ Soviet_JJ edition_NN1 of_IO Turgenev_NP1 's_GE works_NN and_CC letters_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL His_APPGE two_MC recent_JJ books_NN2 *1_NULL Turgenev_NP1 in_II England_NP1 *0_NULL (_( London_NP1 ,_, 1980_MC )_) and_CC *1_NULL Turgenev_NP1 and_CC George_NP1 Sand_NN1 :_: An_AT1 Improbable_JJ Entente_NN1 *0_NULL (_( London_NP1 and_CC Wellington_NP1 )_) ,_, 1981_MC were_VBDR reviewed_VVN very_RG favourably_RR by_II the_AT Soviet_JJ periodical_NN1 *1_NULL Russkaya_NP1 Literatura_NP1 *0_NULL \_NULL No_AT 1_MC1 ,_, 1985_MC ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT two_MC authors_NN2 of_IO the_AT 2500-word_JJ review_NN1 article_NN1 ,_, described_VVD Patrick_NP1 Waddington_NP1 as_II a_AT1 New_NP Zealand_NP1 Slavist_NN1 and_CC professor_NN1 at_II the_AT capital_NN1 's_VBZ University_NN1 ,_, who_PNQS for_IF the_AT past_JJ fifteen_MC years_NNT2 had_VHD published_VVN thirty_MC items_NN2 including_II two_MC books_NN2 containing_VVG newly_RR discovered_VVD material_NN1 relating_VVG to_II Turgenev_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" Each_DD1 new_JJ work_NN1 of_IO Patrick_NP1 Waddington_NP1 's_VBZ **"_" they_PPHS2 said_VVD **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL *<_NULL *2_NULL IMPACT_NN1 OF_IO THE_AT FRENCH_JJ REVOLUTION_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Situated_JJ on_II the_AT Mediterranean_NP Sea_NNL1 20_MC kilometres_NNU2 north_ND1 of_IO the_AT Spanish_JJ border_NN1 ,_, Collioure_NP1 is_VBZ today_RT a_AT1 small_JJ ,_, picturesque_JJ town_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL 200_MC years_NNT2 ago_RA it_PPH1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 bustling_NN1 ,_, important_JJ but_CCB generally_RR impoverished_JJ port_NN1 ,_, garrison-town_JJ and_CC fishing_NN1 community_NNJ ,_, almost_RR all_DB of_IO whose_DDQGE people_NN were_VBDR Catalans_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL With_IW the_AT bicentenary_JJ looming_NN1 of_IO the_AT French_JJ Revolution_NN1 of_IO 1789_MC ,_, Peter_NP1 McPhee_NP1 decided_VVD to_TO study_VVI the_AT impact_NN1 of_IO the_AT Revolution_NN1 and_CC Napoleonic_JJ periods_NN2 (_( 1789-1815_MCMC )_) on_II Collioure_NP1 's_GE inhabitants_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Life_NN1 would_VM never_RR again_RT be_VBI the_AT same_DA for_IF these_DD2 people_NN ,_, though_CS responses_NN2 to_II the_AT Revolution_NN1 varied_VVD according_II21 to_II22 their_APPGE class_NN1 ,_, gender_NN1 and_CC ethnicity_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL These_DD2 years_NNT2 were_VBDR often_RR traumatic_JJ ,_, especially_RR when_RRQ Collioure_NP1 was_VBDZ occupied_VVN by_II the_AT invading_JJ royalist_NN1 Spanish_JJ army_NNJ in_II 1794_MC ,_, but_CCB the_AT Revolution_NN1 brought_VVD so_RG many_DA2 tangible_JJ benefits_NN2 that_CST most_DAT people_NN were_VBDR prepared_VVN to_TO fight_VVI to_TO defend_VVI it_PPH1 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT process_NN1 ,_, however_RR ,_, they_PPHS2 gave_VVD unwitting_JJ impetus_NN1 to_II greater_JJR control_NN1 from_II Paris_NP1 and_CC the_AT decline_NN1 of_IO Catalan_JJ language_NN1 and_CC culture_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Today_RT 's_GE inhabitants_NN2 of_IO Collioure_NP1 showed_VVD a_AT1 lively_JJ interest_NN1 in_II Peter_NP1 McPhee_NP1 's_GE work_NN1 ,_, though_CS collective_JJ memories_NN2 of_IO their_APPGE ancestors_NN2 '_GE experiences_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN erased_VVN by_II another_DD1 ,_, more_RGR recent_JJ ,_, occupation_NN1 by_II a_AT1 foreign_JJ army_NNJ ,_, in_II 1944_MC ._. ^ *<_NULL *2_NULL DICTIONARY_NN1 OF_IO {_NULL NZ_NP }_NULL ENGLISH_NN1 NEARS_VVZ COMPLETION_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT *1_NULL Historical_JJ Dictionary_NN1 of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 English_NP1 ,_, *0_NULL Harry_NP1 Orsman_NP1 's_GE longterm_NN1 project_NN1 in_II the_AT English_JJ Department_NNJ has_VHZ now_RT reached_VVN final_JJ editing_NN1 ,_, helped_VVN by_II the_AT University_NN1 's_VBZ computer_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *1_NULL The_AT Dictionary_NN1 *0_NULL will_VM define_VVI and_CC date_VVI about_RG 8,000_MC separate_JJ items_NN2 of_IO distinctively_RR New_NP Zealand_NP1 English_NN1 using_VVG over_RG 30,000_MC quotations_NN2 from_II written_JJ records_NN2 (_( 1769_MC to_II the_AT present_NN1 )_) ,_, from_II oral_JJ sources_NN2 (_( *"_" polite_JJ eavesdropping_NN1 **"_" )_) and_CC questionnaires_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Many_DA2 people_NN have_VH0 contributed_VVN ;_; indeed_RR it_PPH1 is_VBZ essentially_RR a_AT1 *1_NULL National_JJ Dictionary_NN1 of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 English_JJ *0_NULL with_IW completion_NN1 aimed_VVD to_TO coincide_VVI with_IW our_APPGE Pakeha_NP1 150th_MD anniversary_NN1 1990_MC ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 will_VM help_VVI define_VVI local_JJ English_NN1 ,_, first_MD in_II what_DDQ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL has_VHZ been_VBN added_VVN to_II the_AT general_JJ store_NN1 ,_, especially_RR from_II Maori_NP1 ;_; then_RT in_II31 relation_II32 to_II33 *"_" overseas_JJ **"_" English_JJ *-_- British_JJ ,_, Australian_JJ ,_, American_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL That_REX21 is_REX22 ,_, it_PPH1 will_VM tell_VVI us_PPIO2 something_PN1 about_II where_RRQ *1_NULL boohai/_FO boo-eye_NN1 *0_NULL or_CC *1_NULL ba(t)ch_NN1 *0_NULL come_VV0 from_II and_CC suggest_VV0 spellings_NN2 and_CC dates_NN2 *-_- even_RR for_IF *1_NULL pavlovas_NN2 !_! ;_; ^ *0_NULL or_CC why_RRQ in_II a_AT1 country_NN1 that_CST to_II outsiders_NN2 may_VM seem_VVI one_MC1 huge_JJ scenic_JJ sheep-run_NN1 ,_, Little_RR Bo-peep_NP1 should_VM never_RR *"_" take_VVI crook_NN1 and_CC go_VVI Home_RL **"_" (_( or_CC worse_JJR still_RR ,_, *"_" go_NN1 butchers_NN2 **"_" )_) ._. ^ *<_NULL *2_NULL ITALIAN_JJ OPERA_NN1 COMPOSERS_NN2 AND_CC THEIR_APPGE WORK_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL In_II collaboration_NN1 with_IW the_AT small_JJ London-based_JJ recording-company_NN1 ,_, Opera_NN1 Rara_NP1 ,_, Jeremy_NP1 Commons_NNJ is_VBZ engaged_VVN in_II research_NN1 into_II the_AT lives_NN2 and_CC works_NN of_IO many_DA2 nineteenth_MD century_NNT1 Italian_JJ operatic_JJ composers_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL His_APPGE latest_JJT *'_" discovery_NN1 **'_" is_VBZ Giuseppe_NP1 Balducci_NP1 (_( 1796-1845_MCMC )_) ,_, who_PNQS ,_, besides_RR six_MC operas_NN2 composed_VVD for_IF public_JJ presentation_NN1 ,_, wrote_VVD five_MC works_VVZ for_IF private_JJ performance_NN1 by_II his_APPGE aristocratic_JJ lady-pupils_NN2 in_II Naples_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL After_II consulting_VVG an_AT1 unpublished_JJ biographical_JJ sketch_NN1 in_II Bologna_NP1 ,_, Jeremy_NP1 Commons_NNJ in_II Naples_NP1 found_VVD an_AT1 even_RR more_RGR detailed_JJ account_NN1 of_IO him_PPHO1 in_II a_AT1 diary_NN1 kept_VVN by_II one_MC1 of_IO his_APPGE pupils_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL In_II both_DB2 cities_NN2 he_PPHS1 photographed_VVD items_NN2 of_IO his_APPGE music_NN1 ,_, so_CS21 that_CS22 since_II returning_VVG to_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 he_PPHS1 has_VHZ already_RR on_II several_DA2 occasions_NN2 lectured_VVD on_II him_PPHO1 and_CC had_VHD his_APPGE music_NN1 performed_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Another_DD1 long-term_JJ project_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT reconstruction_NN1 ,_, from_II the_AT original_JJ vocal_JJ and_CC instrumental_JJ parts_NN2 of_IO 1832_MC ,_, of_IO a_AT1 comic_JJ opera_NN1 ,_, *1_NULL Il_NP1 Convitato_NP1 di_MC pietra_NN1 *0_NULL (_( the_AT same_DA subject_NN1 as_CSA Mozart_NP1 's_GE *1_NULL Don_NP1 Giovanni_NP1 )_) ,_, which_DDQ Giovanni_NP1 Pacini_NP1 (_( 1796-1867_MCMC )_) wrote_VVD for_IF private_JJ performance_NN1 by_II members_NN2 of_IO his_APPGE own_DA family_NN ._. ^ *<_NULL *2_NULL FIRST-HAND_JJ STUDIES_NN2 OF_IO ASIA_NP1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL In_II31 addition_II32 to_II33 teaching_NN1 and_CC research_NN1 ,_, the_AT Department_NNJ of_IO Religious_JJ Studies_NN2 has_VHZ successfully_RR organised_VVN several_DA2 cultural_JJ and_CC educational_JJ tours_NN2 to_II India_NP1 ,_, Nepal_NP1 ,_, Indonesia_NP1 ,_, Thailand_NP1 ,_, Sri_NP Lanka_NP1 and_CC Singapore_NP1 during_II the_AT last_MD five_MC years_NNT2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT purpose_NN1 of_IO the_AT tour_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO acquaint_VVI the_AT students_NN2 and_CC public_JJ with_IW these_DD2 multi-cultural_JJ societies_NN2 and_CC give_VV0 them_PPHO2 first-hand_JJ knowledge_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE culture_NN1 ,_, art_NN1 ,_, religion_NN1 and_CC history_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Places_NN2 of_IO interest_NN1 are_VBR selected_VVN with_IW great_JJ care_NN1 and_CC the_AT tour_NN1 cost_NN1 is_VBZ kept_VVN at_II the_AT minimum_JJ to_TO enable_VVI students_NN2 to_TO join_VVI the_AT tour_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Occasional_JJ seminars_NN2 and_CC lectures_NN2 are_VBR held_VVN to_TO cover_VVI the_AT various_JJ aspects_NN2 of_IO the_AT cultural_JJ life_NN1 of_IO the_AT Asian_JJ people_NN ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT group_NN departs_VVZ during_II the_AT middle_NN1 of_IO December_NPM1 each_DD1 year_NNT1 for_IF 35_MC days_NNT2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Department_NNJ is_VBZ convinced_JJ that_CST such_DA low_JJ cost_NN1 tours_NN2 are_VBR necessary_JJ for_IF the_AT benefit_NN1 of_IO students_NN2 and_CC the_AT general_JJ public_NN who_PNQS are_VBR interested_JJ in_II learning_VVG about_II the_AT life_NN1 styles_NN2 of_IO these_DD2 people_NN ._. ^ *<_NULL *2_NULL TUATARA_NP1 RESEARCH_NN1 PROJECTS_NN2 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL {_NULL U.G.C._NP1 }_NULL Postdoctoral_NP1 Research_NN1 Fellow_NN1 in_II Zoology_NN1 \_NULL Dr_NNB Michael_NP1 Thompson_NP1 ,_, has_VHZ initiated_VVN a_AT1 major_JJ research_NN1 programme_NN1 on_II the_AT physiology_NN1 and_CC ecology_NN1 of_IO tuataras_NN2 on_II Stephens_NP Island_NNL1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL \_NULL Dr_NNB Thompson_NP1 ,_, whose_DDQGE primary_JJ objective_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT study_NN1 of_IO nesting_VVG ecology_NN1 and_CC egg_NN1 physiology_NN1 ,_, is_VBZ coordinating_VVG a_AT1 series_NN of_IO collaborative_JJ projects_NN2 involving_VVG scientists_NN2 from_II the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 Wildlife_NN1 Service_NN1 ,_, Ecology_NN1 Division_NNJ of_IO {_NULL DSIR_NN1 }_NULL ,_, the_AT Wellington_NP Zoo_NNL1 ,_, {_NULL CSIRO_NP1 }_NULL ,_, and_CC Colorado_NP State_NNL1 University_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Within_II the_AT Zoology_NN1 Department_NNJ ,_, Sharon_NP1 Walker_NP1 ,_, Chris_NP1 Thorn_NP1 ,_, and_CC \_NULL Dr_NNB Charles_NP1 Daugherty_NP1 are_VBR using_VVG blood_NN1 protein_NN1 variation_NN1 to_TO measure_VVI genetic_JJ structure_NN1 of_IO the_AT Stephens_NP Island_NNL1 population_NN1 ,_, and_CC Jenny_NP1 Easton_NP1 is_VBZ culturing_VVG white_JJ blood_NN1 cells_NN2 to_TO study_VVI chromosome_NN1 variation_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL \_NULL Dr_NNB Alison_NP1 Cree_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 second_NNT1 {_NULL U.G.C._NP1 }_NULL Postdoctoral_NP1 Fellow_NN1 ,_, will_VM provide_VVI further_JJR impetus_NN1 to_II the_AT programme_NN1 when_RRQ she_PPHS1 begins_VVZ a_AT1 study_NN1 of_IO endocrinology_NN1 and_CC tuatara_NN1 reproduction_NN1 in_II mid-1986_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT results_NN2 of_IO the_AT combined_JJ research_NN1 projects_NN2 are_VBR expected_VVN to_TO make_VVI a_AT1 major_JJ contribution_NN1 to_II captive_JJ breeding_NN1 and_CC establishment_NN of_IO new_JJ tuatara_NN1 populations_NN2 ._. ^ *<_NULL *2_NULL SPONTANEOUS_JJ IGNITION_NN1 STUDIES_NN2 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL New_NP Zealand_NP1 has_VHZ few_DA2 people_NN involved_JJ in_II theoretical_JJ work_NN1 concerning_II ignition_NN1 of_IO stored_JJ materials_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Over_II the_AT last_MD two_MC years_NNT2 \_NULL Dr_NNB Stuart_NP1 Smedley_NP1 (_( Chemistry_NN1 )_) and_CC \_NULL Dr_NNB Graeme_NP1 Wake_NP1 (_( Mathematics_NN1 )_) have_VH0 teamed_VVN up_RP to_TO provide_VVI an_AT1 investigating_JJ team_NN to_TO assist_VVI the_AT insurance_NN1 industry_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Spontaneous_JJ combustion_NN1 of_IO fuels_NN2 ,_, foods_NN2 ,_, fabrics_NN2 \_NULL etc._RA has_VHZ long_RR been_VBN recognised_VVN as_II a_AT1 hazard_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Early_RR work_VV0 at_II Victoria_NP1 University_NNL1 was_VBDZ motivated_VVN by_II the_AT ignition_NN1 of_IO wet_JJ wool_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT theory_NN1 which_DDQ models_VVZ this_DD1 phenomenon_NN1 has_VHZ recently_RR been_VBN developed_VVN to_II the_AT extent_NN1 that_DD1 safety_NN1 limits_NN2 can_VM be_VBI given_VVN for_IF the_AT physical_JJ parameters_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 given_JJ practical_JJ system_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II the_AT Chemistry_NN1 Department_NNJ \_NULL Dr_NNB Smedley_NP1 has_VHZ developed_VVN procedures_NN2 to_TO experimentally_RR measure_VVI the_AT physical_JJ and_CC chemical_JJ constants_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 has_VHZ enabled_VVN \_NULL Dr_NNB Wake_NP1 to_TO provide_VVI precise_JJ estimates_NN2 of_IO the_AT critical_JJ values_NN2 of_IO these_DD2 constants_NN2 and_CC thereby_RR predict_VV0 when_RRQ ignition_NN1 will_VM occur_VVI ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL So_RR far_RR the_AT Victoria_NP1 team_NN (_( now_RT to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 Victoria/_FO Massey_NP1 team_NN with_IW \_NULL Dr_NNB Wake_NP1 's_GE move_NN1 to_II Massey_NP1 University_NNL1 )_) has_VHZ been_VBN involved_JJ in_II fires_NN2 involving_VVG fish_NN and_CC chip_NN1 crumble_NN1 and_CC woollen_JJ cloth_NN1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *2_NULL EVOLUTION_NN1 OF_IO WORLD_NN1 SPORTING_VVG RECORDS_NN2 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT analysis_NN1 of_IO the_AT world_NN1 records_NN2 in_II the_AT various_JJ track_NN1 events_NN2 and_CC the_AT marathon_NN1 show_VV0 some_DD remarkable_JJ trends_NN2 and_CC \_NULL Dr_NNB {_NULL B.P._NP }_NULL Dawkins_NP1 of_IO the_AT Mathematics_NN1 Department_NNJ ,_, himself_PPX1 an_AT1 active_JJ participant_NN1 in_II road_NN1 and_CC track_NN1 races_NN2 at_II veteran_JJ level_NN1 ,_, has_VHZ been_VBN analysing_VVG these_DD2 trends_NN2 using_VVG various_JJ data_NN analytic_JJ and_CC statistical_JJ tools_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Amongst_II the_AT more_RGR interesting_JJ aspects_NN2 of_IO this_DD1 analysis_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT clear_JJ evidence_NN1 that_CST women_NN2 are_VBR rapidly_RR closing_VVG in_RP on_II the_AT men_NN2 in_II virtually_RR all_DB events_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Despite_II the_AT large_JJ absolute_JJ differences_NN2 in_II such_DA events_NN2 as_II the_AT 5000_MC \_NULL m_NNO and_CC marathon_NN1 ,_, examination_NN1 of_IO the_AT rate_NN1 at_II which_DDQ the_AT records_NN2 are_VBR declining_VVG gives_VVZ a_AT1 clear_JJ indication_NN1 that_CST the_AT performances_NN2 will_VM eventually_RR be_VBI on_II a_AT1 par_NN1 if_CS the_AT trend_NN1 continues_VVZ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ most_RGT spectacularly_RR evident_JJ in_II the_AT marathon_NN1 ,_, as_CSA can_VM be_VBI seen_VVN from_II the_AT accompanying_JJ graph_NN1 ,_, produced_VVD using_VVG the_AT university_NN1 {_NULL IBM_NP }_NULL 4341_MC driving_VVG a_AT1 laser_NN1 printer_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Fitting_VVG various_JJ possible_JJ models_NN2 indicates_VVZ that_CST it_PPH1 is_VBZ likely_JJ that_CST women_NN2 will_VM be_VBI running_VVG as_RG fast_RR as_CSA the_AT men_NN2 somewhere_RL around_II the_AT mid_NN1 1990_MC 's_GE ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT trend_NN1 is_VBZ less_RGR dramatic_JJ in_II the_AT shorter_JJR events_NN2 but_CCB is_VBZ still_RR unequivocal_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL Interestingly_NP1 ,_, there_EX is_VBZ no_AT clear_JJ evidence_NN1 that_CST records_NN2 are_VBR near_II the_AT presumed_JJ ultimate_JJ limits_NN2 ,_, and_CC we_PPIS2 can_VM expect_VVI to_TO see_VVI records_NN2 fall_VVI regularly_RR over_II the_AT next_MD few_DA2 decades_NNT2 ._. ^ *<_NULL *2_NULL PHYSICS_NN1 OF_IO THIN_JJ FILMS_NN2 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT glass_NN1 envelope_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 light_NN1 bulb_NN1 blackens_VVZ with_IW age_NN1 ,_, an_AT1 effect_NN1 due_II21 to_II22 a_AT1 thin_JJ film_NN1 of_IO tungsten_NN1 which_DDQ has_VHZ vapourised_VVN from_II the_AT hot_JJ tungsten_NN1 filament_NN1 and_CC condensed_VVD on_II the_AT cold_JJ glass_NN1 ._. ^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 294+TEXT+H30_FO **]_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL There_EX are_VBR few_DA2 people_NN in_II Mobil_NP1 Oil_NN1 New_NP Zealand_NP1 who_PNQS would_VM have_VHI ventured_VVN to_TO propose_VVI that_CST a_AT1 snail_NN1 might_VM help_VVI the_AT company_NN1 reach_VV0 our_APPGE highest_JJT ever_RR gasoline_NN1 market_NN1 share_NN1 figure_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL But_CCB just_RR like_II watching_VVG the_AT es-car-got_NN2 ,_, Mobil_NP1 's_GE market_NN1 share_NN1 has_VHZ hit_VVN an_AT1 all_DB time_NNT1 high_JJ at_II 29.04%_FO ,_, and_CC there_EX 's_VBZ no_AT doubting_NN1 that_CST Mobil_NP1 {_NULL MAX_NP1 }_NULL has_VHZ been_VBN the_AT main_JJ contributor_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT introduction_NN1 of_IO Mobil_NP1 {_NULL MAX_NP1 }_NULL was_VBDZ planned_VVN and_CC timed_VVN with_IW military_JJ precision_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 small_JJ team_NN comprising_VVG members_NN2 of_IO the_AT Supply_NN1 ,_, Sales_NN2 ,_, Operations_NN2 ,_, Public_JJ Affairs_NN2 and_CC Technical_JJ sections_NN2 worked_VVN on_II the_AT introduction_NN1 of_IO the_AT additive_JJ ,_, technically_RR named_VVD RT_NNB 892_MC ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL With_IW its_APPGE record_NN1 of_IO success_NN1 in_II other_JJ markets_NN2 around_II the_AT world_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT endorsements_NN2 from_II General_JJ Motors_NN2 ,_, Bosch_NP1 and_CC Renault_NP1 ,_, the_AT team_NN were_VBDR acutely_RR aware_JJ that_CST {_NULL MONZ_NP1 }_NULL had_VHD a_AT1 potential_JJ winner_NN1 in_II {_NULL MAX_NP1 }_NULL ._. ^ ^_NULL Therefore_RR to_TO maximise_VVI (_( no_AT pun_NN1 intended_VVN )_) the_AT introduction_NN1 of_IO the_AT additive_JJ ,_, it_PPH1 was_VBDZ critical_JJ that_CST Mobil_NP1 beat_VVD the_AT competition_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL So_RR the_AT announcement_NN1 of_IO Mobil_NP1 {_NULL MAX_NP1 }_NULL '_" s_ZZ1 introduction_NN1 to_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 had_VHD to_TO be_VBI planned_VVN quickly_RR and_CC confidentially_RR ,_, to_TO avoid_VVI a_AT1 competitor_NN1 pre-empting_NN1 the_AT campaign_NN1 with_IW one_MC1 of_IO their_APPGE own_DA ._. ^ ^_NULL Advertising_NN1 gasoline_NN1 in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 had_VHD ceased_VVN during_II the_AT oil_NN1 crises_NN2 of_IO the_AT 70s_MC2 ,_, but_CCB the_AT Ministry_NNJ of_IO Energy_NN1 had_VHD given_VVN the_AT all_DB clear_JJ in_II 1981_MC for_IF companies_NN2 to_TO resume_VVI campaigns_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Mobil_NP1 {_NULL MAX_NP1 }_NULL presented_VVD the_AT opportunity_NN1 to_TO recommence_VVI gasoline_NN1 advertising_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL After_CS initial_JJ copyright_NN1 problems_NN2 with_IW the_AT *'_" Break_NN1 Free_JJ **'_" announcement_NN1 advertisement_NN1 ,_, our_APPGE advertising_NN1 agency_NN1 Colenso_NP1 Communications_NN2 ,_, came_VVD up_RP with_IW the_AT escargot_NN1 concept_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT first_MD television_NN1 commercial_NN1 was_VBDZ the_AT subject_NN1 of_IO much_DA1 discussion_NN1 both_RR within_II {_NULL MONZ_NP1 }_NULL and_CC without_IW ._. ^ ^_NULL *'_" Fancy_NN1 having_VHG a_AT1 snail_NN1 advertising_VVG a_AT1 gasoline_NN1 additive_JJ **'_" ._. ^ ^_NULL However_RRQV the_AT results_NN2 of_IO the_AT snail_NN1 ,_, measured_VVN by_II both_DB2 gasoline_NN1 sales_NN2 and_CC research_NN1 ,_, showed_VVD {_NULL MAX_NP1 }_NULL the_AT escargot_NN1 to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 winner_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL {_NULL MONZ_NP1 }_NULL commissioned_VVD Survey_NN1 Research_NN1 Limited_VVD to_TO undertake_VVI a_AT1 monitor_NN1 to_TO gauge_VVI consumer_NN1 awareness_NN1 of_IO {_NULL MAX_NP1 }_NULL ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT results_NN2 were_VBDR extremely_RR encouraging_JJ ._. ^ ^_NULL 39.1%_FO of_IO people_NN interviewed_VVD were_VBDR freely_RR aware_JJ of_IO the_AT Mobil_NP1 commercial_JJ and_CC this_DD1 figure_NN1 increased_VVN on_II prompting_VVG (_( of_IO Mobil_NP1 {_NULL MAX_NP1 }_NULL ,_, and_CC the_AT snail_NN1 )_) to_II 75%_NNU ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT improvement_NN1 of_IO car_NN1 performance_NN1 was_VBDZ the_AT main_JJ message_NN1 communicated_VVD to_II respondents_NN2 (_( 31.7%_FO )_) with_IW a_AT1 range_NN1 of_IO comments_NN2 pertaining_II21 to_II22 the_AT engine_NN1 ,_, fuel_NN1 efficiency_NN1 ,_, increase_NN1 in_II speed_NN1 and_CC the_AT carburettor_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Awareness_NN1 of_IO the_AT snail_NN1 as_II a_AT1 symbol_NN1 was_VBDZ high_JJ *-_- 68.1%_FO of_IO the_AT sample_NN1 knew_VVD of_IO the_AT snail_NN1 as_II a_AT1 symbol_NN1 in_II the_AT commercial_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT success_NN1 of_IO the_AT first_MD television_NN1 commercial_NN1 prompted_VVD the_AT creation_NN1 of_IO the_AT *'_" es-car-blow_NN2 **'_" advertisement_NN1 ,_, and_CC more_RGR positive_JJ feedback_NN1 and_CC market_NN1 share_NN1 improvements_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Our_APPGE competitors_NN2 ,_, of_RR21 course_RR22 ,_, have_VH0 been_VBN none_PN too_RG pleased_JJ with_IW the_AT success_NN1 of_IO Mobil_NP1 {_NULL MAX_NP1 }_NULL ,_, particularly_RR when_RRQ the_AT media_NN keep_VV0 reminding_VVG them_PPHO2 that_CST Mobil_NP1 were_VBDR first_MD ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL This_DD1 has_VHZ prompted_VVN various_JJ reactions_NN2 from_II them_PPHO2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Shell_NN1 took_VVD samples_NN2 of_IO Mobil_NP1 Super_JJ petrol_NN1 ,_, analysed_VVD it_PPH1 and_CC reckoned_VVD there_EX was_VBDZ no_AT additive_JJ in_II it_PPH1 at_RR21 all_RR22 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 shame_NN1 they_PPHS2 did_VDD not_XX realise_VVI that_CST not_XX only_RR is_VBZ the_AT additive_JJ blended_JJ in_II very_RG small_JJ quantities_NN2 ,_, but_CCB also_RR the_AT service_NN1 station_NN1 they_PPHS2 chose_VVD had_VHD only_RR had_VHN its_APPGE tanks_NN2 topped_VVN up_RP with_IW {_NULL MAX_NP1 }_NULL Super_JJ ,_, thereby_RR the_AT additive_JJ being_NN1 diluted_VVD further_RRR by_II existing_JJ stock_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Caltex_NP1 ran_VVD an_AT1 advertisement_NN1 saying_VVG they_PPHS2 had_VHD been_VBN adding_VVG boron_NN1 to_II their_APPGE petrol_NN1 for_IF 25_MC years_NNT2 ,_, a_AT1 shame_NN1 engines_NN2 have_VH0 changed_VVN markedly_RR in_II that_DD1 time_NNT1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Service_NN1 stations_NN2 themselves_PPX2 were_VBDR transformed_VVN with_IW {_NULL MAX_NP1 }_NULL material_NN1 to_TO clearly_RR identify_VVI to_II the_AT consumer_NN1 that_CST only_RR Mobil_NP1 has_VHZ this_DD1 world_NN1 leading_VVG additive_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL And_CC Shell_NN1 ,_, {_NULL B.P._NP }_NULL and_CC Europa_NP1 complained_VVD to_II Television_NN1 New_NP Zealand_NP1 about_II our_APPGE *'_" es-car-blow_NN2 **'_" ad_RA because_CS it_PPH1 might_VM mislead_VVI the_AT viewer_NN1 to_II thinking_VVG their_APPGE petrols_NN2 were_VBDR bad_JJ for_IF cars_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL {_NULL TVNZ_NP }_NULL allowed_VVD us_PPIO2 to_TO continue_VVI running_VVG the_AT commercial_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Meanwhile_RR Mazda_NP1 were_VBDR recommending_VVG to_II their_APPGE customers_NN2 that_CST should_VM they_PPHS2 experience_VVI problems_NN2 with_IW their_APPGE fuel_NN1 injectors_NN2 ,_, that_CST they_PPHS2 consider_VV0 using_VVG Mobil_NP1 {_NULL MAX_NP1 }_NULL ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Of_RR21 course_RR22 television_NN1 advertising_NN1 is_VBZ just_RR a_AT1 small_JJ part_NN1 of_IO the_AT Mobil_NP1 {_NULL MAX_NP1 }_NULL campaign_NN1 ,_, though_CS obviously_RR the_AT most_RGT high_JJ profile_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL A_AT1 nationwide_JJ community_NNJ newspaper_NN1 advertising_NN1 and_CC supplement_NN1 campaign_NN1 was_VBDZ undertaken_VVN ,_, to_TO detail_VVI the_AT benefits_NN2 of_IO Mobil_NP1 {_NULL MAX_NP1 }_NULL to_II the_AT consumer_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT same_DA campaign_NN1 was_VBDZ adapted_VVN to_TO reach_VVI over_RG 50_MC magazines_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Information_NN1 packs_NN2 were_VBDR sent_VVN to_II journalists_NN2 throughout_II the_AT country_NN1 ,_, and_CC to_II executives_NN2 at_II all_DB of_IO the_AT motor_NN1 vehicle_NN1 manufacturing_VVG and_CC marketing_NN1 companies_NN2 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL *<_NULL *5_NULL Marketing_NN1 Reorganisation_NN1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT Marketing_NN1 Department_NNJ has_VHZ undergone_VVN major_JJ changes_NN2 over_II the_AT last_MD few_DA2 months_NNT2 ,_, primarily_RR to_TO ensure_VVI greater_JJR specialisation_NN1 in_II the_AT Commercial_JJ and_CC Resale_NN1 Sales_NNJ areas_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Marketing_NN1 Director_NN1 ,_, Jim_NP1 Law_NP1 ,_, says_VVZ the_AT previous_JJ sales_NN2 set-up_NN1 was_VBDZ inadequate_JJ because_CS Sales_NNJ management_NN tended_VVD to_TO have_VHI a_ZZ1 Resales_NN2 background_NN1 ,_, resulting_VVG in_II the_AT Commercial_JJ side_NN1 feeling_VVG isolated_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL As_II an_AT1 example_NN1 ,_, Jim_NP1 says_VVZ Sales_NNJ Engineers_NN2 in_II the_AT field_NN1 could_VM be_VBI reporting_VVG through_II a_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO management_NN levels_NN2 ,_, none_PN of_IO whom_PNQO really_RR understood_VVD the_AT technical_JJ lubrication_NN1 side_NN1 of_IO the_AT business_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL So_RR the_AT sales_NN2 organisation_NN1 was_VBDZ cut_VVN down_RP the_AT middle_NN1 ,_, creating_VVG line_NN1 Resale_NN1 and_CC line_NN1 Commercial_JJ departments_NNJ2 ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 means_VVZ little_DA1 change_NN1 for_IF the_AT Resale_NN1 staff_NN ,_, but_CCB gives_VVZ the_AT Commercial_JJ staff_NN of_IO 40_MC (_( New_NP Zealand_NP1 wide_JJ )_) greater_JJR responsibility_NN1 for_IF their_APPGE own_DA department_NNJ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL As_CC31 well_CC32 as_CC33 this_DD1 ,_, the_AT sales_NN2 department_NNJ has_VHZ been_VBN divided_VVN into_II only_RR two_MC regional_JJ line_NN1 organisations_NN2 ,_, instead_CC21 of_CC22 the_AT three_MC somewhat_RR autonomous_JJ branches_NN2 which_DDQ existed_VVD before_RT ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 has_VHZ allowed_VVN each_DD1 sales_NN2 department_NNJ to_TO concentrate_VVI on_II selling_VVG ,_, without_IW the_AT worry_NN1 of_IO *'_" corporate_JJ **'_" matters_NN2 that_CST were_VBDR associated_VVN with_IW the_AT branches_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Other_JJ changes_NN2 include_VV0 better_JJR utilisation_NN1 of_IO personnel_NN2 ,_, particularly_RR in_II the_AT areas_NN2 of_IO aviation_NN1 ,_, marine_JJ ,_, and_CC special_JJ products_NN2 by_II giving_VVG greater_JJR responsibility_NN1 to_TO staff_VVI dealing_VVG directly_RR in_II these_DD2 areas_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Sales_NNJ engineers_NN2 now_RT report_VV0 to_II a_AT1 specialist_NN1 in_II Head_NN1 Office_NN1 ,_, and_CC sales_NN2 chemists_NN2 report_VV0 to_II the_AT Special_JJ Products_NN2 Manager_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Jim_NP1 says_VVZ more_RGR qualified_JJ and_CC experienced_JJ staff_NN have_VH0 been_VBN brought_VVN into_II the_AT commercial_JJ department_NNJ ,_, with_IW excellent_JJ results_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 says_VVZ this_RG much_DA1 neglected_JJ department_NNJ is_VBZ already_RR showing_VVG an_AT1 extremely_RR high_JJ standard_NN1 of_IO professionalism_NN1 ,_, and_CC relations_NN2 between_II field_NN1 staff_NN and_CC Head_JJ Office_NN1 are_VBR much_RR improved_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Meanwhile_RR ,_, Resale_NN1 continues_VVZ to_TO fire_VVI on_II all_DB cylinders_NN2 following_VVG the_AT successful_JJ launch_NN1 of_IO Mobil_NP1 Max_NP1 ._. ^ *<_NULL *4_NULL National_JJ {_NULL MONZ_NN1 }_NULL Golf_NN1 Tournament_NN1 1986_MC *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL This_DD1 competition_NN1 is_VBZ open_JJ to_II all_DB members_NN2 of_IO the_AT staff_NN including_II superannuitants_NN2 ,_, who_PNQS are_VBR current_JJ members_NN2 of_IO an_AT1 affiliated_JJ golf_NN1 club_NN and_CC who_PNQS have_VH0 a_AT1 current_JJ official_JJ handicap_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Each_DD1 member_NN1 plays_VVZ a_AT1 stableford_NN1 round_RP on_II his_APPGE or_CC her_APPGE home_NN1 course_NN1 on_II a_AT1 nominated_JJ date_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT stableford_NN1 points_NN2 are_VBR adjusted_VVN for_IF the_AT course_NN1 rating_NN1 (_( or_CC table_NN1 for_IF {_NULL LGU_NN1 }_NULL )_) and_CC the_AT best_JJT four_MC from_II each_DD1 branch_NN1 or_CC division_NNJ compete_VV0 as_II a_AT1 team_NN for_IF the_AT cup_NN1 over_II a_AT1 weekend_NNT1 at_II the_AT Wairakei_NP1 International_JJ Golf_NN1 Course_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL This_DD1 year_NNT1 the_AT final_NN1 was_VBDZ over_II the_AT weekend_NNT1 of_IO 27-28_MCMC September_NPM1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Saturday_NPD1 's_GE round_NN1 ended_VVN with_IW Head_JJ Office_NN1 in_II a_AT1 commanding_JJ position_NN1 on_II 140_MC points_NN2 ,_, eight_MC clear_JJ of_IO Wellington_NP1 ,_, and_CC a_AT1 further_JJR four_MC to_II Auckland_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL South_NP Island_NP1 on_II 127_MC ,_, Annuitants_NP1 126_MC and_CC Emoleum_NP1 embarrassed_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL {_NULL H.O_NP1 ._. ^ }_NULL result_NN1 was_VBDZ largely_RR due_II21 to_II22 Harry_NP1 Loggy_NP1 's_VBZ 93/_FO 67/_FO 41_MC and_CC Noel_NP1 Clark_NP1 85/_FO 70/_FO 33_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL Mark_NP1 Roughan_NP1 87/_FO 71/_FO 40_MC and_CC Keith_NP1 Smith_NP1 76/_FO 69/_FO 39_MC did_VDD their_APPGE best_JJT for_IF their_APPGE sides_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL On_II Sunday_NPD1 ,_, Auckland_NP1 really_RR fired_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL Tom_NP1 Pache_NP1 and_CC Roger_NP1 Paul_NP1 both_RR returned_JJ 39s_MC2 ,_, to_TO give_VVI a_AT1 total_NN1 of_IO 146_MC for_IF the_AT day_NNT1 ,_, but_CCB the_AT {_NULL H.O_NP1 ._. ^ }_NULL lead_NN1 was_VBDZ too_RG much_DA1 and_CC their_APPGE 138_MC points_NN2 for_IF a_AT1 total_NN1 of_IO 278_MC were_VBDR enough_RR to_TO hold_VVI off_II the_AT challenge_NN1 and_CC to_TO take_VVI the_AT Wahanui_NP1 Cup_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Other_JJ scores_NN2 were_VBDR Wellington_NP1 265_MC ,_, South_NP Island_NP1 262_MC ,_, Annuitants_NP1 254_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL Emoleum_NP1 made_VVD a_AT1 brave_JJ effort_NN1 to_TO recover_VVI to_II 250_MC but_CCB still_RR earned_VVD the_AT Wooden_JJ Spoon_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Harry_NP1 Loggy_NP1 turned_VVD in_II another_DD1 good_JJ round_II 95/_FO 69/_FO 39_MC to_TO take_VVI out_RP the_AT best_JJT net_NN1 ,_, 136_MC by_II four_MC strokes_NN2 from_II Keith_NP1 Smith_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL As_CSA Harry_NP1 's_GE handicap_NN1 is_VBZ 26_MC Keith_NP1 earned_VVD a_AT1 place_NN1 in_II the_AT Pro_NN1 Am_RA ._. ^ ^_NULL Best_JJT Stableford_NN1 was_VBDZ Mark_NP1 Roughan_NP1 with_IW 141_MC net_JJ ,_, 78_MC points_NN2 ._. ^ *<_NULL *5_NULL First_MD Mobil_NP1 Computerised_JJ Truckstop_NN1 For_IF New_NP Zealand_NP1 *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL New_NP Zealand_NP1 has_VHZ its_APPGE first_MD Mobil_NP1 truckstop_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL When_CS Palmerston_NP1 North_NP Mayor_NP1 Paul_NP1 Rieger_NP1 recently_RR cut_VVD the_AT ribbon_NN1 at_II the_AT opening_NN1 of_IO Mobil_NP1 's_GE first_MD truckstop_NN1 ,_, he_PPHS1 heralded_VVD a_AT1 new_JJ era_NN1 for_IF oil_NN1 companies_NN2 and_CC the_AT road_NN1 transport_NN1 industry_NN1 in_II this_DD1 country_NN1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Truckstops_NN2 are_VBR unmanned_VVN computerised_JJ fuel_NN1 dispensing_VVG facilities_NN2 ,_, designed_VVD specifically_RR to_TO handle_VVI large_JJ vehicles_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL With_IW the_AT simple_JJ use_NN1 of_IO Mobilcard_NP1 through_II an_AT1 electronic_JJ *'_" swiper_NN1 **'_" drivers_NN2 can_VM programme_NN1 in_II their_APPGE diesel_JJ requirements_NN2 and_CC fill_VV0 their_APPGE tanks_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Mobil_NP1 's_GE new_JJ *+_NULL $300,000_NNU Palmerston_NP1 North_NP1 facility_NN1 features_VVZ the_AT latest_JJT technology_NN1 ,_, promoting_VVG both_RR driver_NN1 and_CC environmental_JJ safety_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ the_AT first_MD in_II a_AT1 planned_JJ Mobil_NP1 chain_NN1 of_IO computerised_JJ truckstops_NN2 which_DDQ will_VM extend_VVI throughout_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Some_DD of_IO the_AT truckstops_NN2 still_RR to_TO be_VBI built_VVN will_VM also_RR feature_VVI 24_MC hour_NNT1 restaurants_NN2 and_CC other_JJ facilities_NN2 for_IF drivers_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *'_" Truckstops_NN2 are_VBR part_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE long-term_JJ commitment_NN1 to_II the_AT road_NN1 transport_NN1 industry_NN1 **'_" ,_, says_VVZ Marketing_NN1 Director_NN1 Jim_NP1 Law_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL he_PPHS1 says_VVZ ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Truckstops_NP1 also_RR provide_VV0 significant_JJ fuel_NN1 cost_NN1 savings_NN2 for_IF users_NN2 ,_, including_II owner_NN1 drivers_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL Because_CS it_PPH1 is_VBZ managed_VVN as_II a_AT1 single_JJ profit_NN1 centre_NN1 ,_, the_AT high_JJ volume_NN1 allows_VVZ Mobil_NP1 to_TO offer_VVI attractive_JJ pricing_NN1 to_II its_APPGE customers_NN2 ._. ^ ^_NULL The_AT Palmerston_NP1 North_NP Truckstop_NP1 only_RR dispenses_VVZ diesel_JJ at_RR21 present_RR22 ,_, but_CCB the_AT provision_NN1 for_IF the_AT distribution_NN1 of_IO gasoline_NN1 has_VHZ also_RR been_VBN made_VVN ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Truck_NN1 drivers_NN2 at_II the_AT recent_JJ Palmerston_NP1 North_NP1 opening_NN1 were_VBDR enthusiastic_JJ about_II Truckstop_NP1 ,_, especially_RR with_IW the_AT convenience_NN1 of_IO 24_MC hour_NNT1 availability_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT attractive_JJ pricing_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Work_NN1 is_VBZ well_JJ underway_RR for_IF our_APPGE next_MD Truckstop_NN1 at_II Napier_NP1 ,_, and_CC development_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN started_VVN on_II sites_NN2 in_II Invercargill_NP1 and_CC Tokoroa_NP1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT programme_NN1 is_VBZ for_IF further_JJR Truckstops_NN2 to_TO be_VBI built_VVN in_II Hamilton_NP1 ,_, Auckland_NP1 ,_, Wellington_NP1 ,_, Christchurch_NP1 ,_, Dunedin_NP1 ,_, New_JJ Plymouth_NP1 and_CC Nelson_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Don_NP1 Fowler_NP1 has_VHZ particular_JJ responsibility_NN1 for_IF Truckstops_NP1 ,_, and_CC is_VBZ managing_VVG a_AT1 rapid_JJ development_NN1 plan_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL This_DD1 also_RR applies_VVZ to_II the_AT provision_NN1 of_IO food_NN1 at_II some_DD of_IO the_AT Truckstops_NN2 ,_, where_CS Don_NP1 is_VBZ adamant_JJ that_CST the_AT standards_NN2 will_VM be_VBI high_JJ ._. ^ |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL says_VVZ Fowler_NP1 ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL *<_NULL *4_NULL Canterbury_NP1 Wins_VVZ Mobil_NP1 Export_NN1 Marketing_NN1 Award_NN1 *>_NULL ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Canterbury_NP1 International_JJ are_VBR the_AT 1986_MC Mobil_NP1 Export_NN1 Marketing_NN1 Premier_NP1 Award_NN1 winners_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Canterbury_NP1 's_GE effort_NN1 in_II marketing_VVG their_APPGE active_JJ and_CC leisure_NN1 wear_VV0 in_II the_AT United_NP States_NP1 and_CC Australia_NP1 produced_VVD export_NN1 sales_NN2 of_IO *+_NULL $26_NNU million_NNO in_II 1985_MC ._. ^ ^_NULL This_DD1 was_VBDZ particularly_RR significant_JJ in_II31 light_II32 of_II33 a_AT1 major_JJ slump_NN1 experienced_VVN in_II sales_NN2 in_II 1984_MC ,_, due_II21 to_II22 changing_VVG fashion_NN1 tastes_NN2 in_II North_NP America_NP1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL With_IW this_DD1 major_JJ loss_NN1 of_IO ground_NN1 ,_, Canterbury_NP1 reorientated_VVD both_DB2 their_APPGE product_NN1 and_CC marketing_NN1 strategy_NN1 ,_, and_CC climbed_VVD back_RP into_II the_AT market_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL As_CSA official_JJ outfitter_NN1 for_IF both_DB2 the_AT Australia_NP1 *=_NULL II_MC crew_NN1 ,_, winners_NN2 of_IO the_AT 1984_MC America_NP1 's_GE Cup_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT All_DB Blacks_NN2 ,_, Canterbury_NP1 's_GE advertising_NN1 placed_VVD a_AT1 strong_JJ emphasis_NN1 on_II the_AT sporting_JJ connection_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II accepting_VVG the_AT Premier_JJ Award_NN1 ,_, Canterbury_NP1 managing_JJ director_NN1 \_NULL Mr_NNB David_NP1 Phillipson_NP1 paid_VVD tribute_NN1 to_II his_APPGE staff_NN of_IO *'_" bright_JJ young_JJ New_JJ Zealanders_NP1 **'_" ,_, and_CC to_II their_APPGE advertising_NN1 agency_NN1 Colenso_NP1 Communications_NN2 ,_, who_PNQS are_VBR also_RR Mobil_NP1 's_GE sales_NN2 advertising_VVG agency_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL \_NULL Mr_NNB Phillipson_NP1 said_VVD it_PPH1 was_VBDZ apt_JJ that_CST as_II the_AT organisers_NN2 of_IO the_AT Awards_NN2 ,_, Mobil_NP1 Oil_NN1 New_NP Zealand_NP1 had_VHD chosen_VVN a_AT1 Maori_JJ carving_NN1 depicting_VVG the_AT stern_JJ post_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 canoe_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Canterbury_NP1 are_VBR clothing_VVG all_DB of_IO the_AT crews_NN2 in_II the_AT 1986-87_MCMC America_NP1 's_GE Cup_NN1 competition_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Mobil_NP1 Marketing_NN1 Director_NN1 Jim_NP1 Law_NP1 said_VVD in_II presenting_VVG the_AT winners_NN2 '_GE cheque_NN1 for_IF *+_NULL $3,000_NNU ,_, that_CST he_PPHS1 hoped_VVD New_NP Zealand_NP1 would_VM get_VVI plenty_PN of_IO export_NN1 orders_NN2 from_II the_AT America_NP1 's_GE Cup_NN1 exposure_NN1 ,_, and_CC also_RR secure_VV0 the_AT biggest_JJT coup_NN1 of_IO the_AT lot_NN *-_- success_NN1 in_II the_AT Cup_NN1 itself_PPX1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Runnersup_NP1 to_II Canterbury_NP1 were_VBDR another_DD1 Christchurch_NP1 based_VVD company_NN1 ,_, Skope_NP1 Industries_NNJ2 Limited_VVD ._. ^ ^_NULL Skope_NP1 's_GE export_NN1 activities_NN2 in_II selling_VVG glass_NN1 door_NN1 refrigerators_NN2 ,_, have_VH0 yielded_VVN significant_JJ results_NN2 particularly_RR in_II Papua_NP New_NP Guinea_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Total_JJ export_NN1 returns_VVZ far_RR exceed_VV0 *+_NULL $3_NNU million_NNO and_CC represent_VV0 a_AT1 quarter_NN1 of_IO all_DB sales_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Merit_NP1 Award_NN1 winners_NN2 in_II the_AT annual_JJ competition_NN1 were_VBDR *'_" The_AT House_NN1 of_IO Aulsebrooks_NP1 **'_" and_CC Hamilton_NP1 based_VVD Trigon_NP1 Packaging_NP1 (_( {_NULL N.Z._NP }_NULL )_) \_NULL Ltd_JJ ._. ^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL *<_NULL *4_NULL Southerners_NN2 Flock_VV0 to_II *6_NULL TE_AT MAORI_JJ *>_NULL ^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Despite_II driving_JJ rain_NN1 and_CC unseasonal_JJ temperatures_NN2 1000_MC people_NN gathered_VVD in_II the_AT early_JJ dawn_NNT1 for_IF the_AT second_MD New_NP Zealand_NP1 opening_NN1 of_IO Te_AT Maori_JJ at_II Dunedin_NP1 's_GE Otago_NP1 Museum_NNL1 on_II 29_MC November_NPM1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Dunedin_NP1 opening_NN1 was_VBDZ described_VVN as_II one_MC1 of_IO the_AT warmest_JJT and_CC most_RGT relaxed_JJ by_II those_DD2 who_PNQS 'd_VHD been_VBN lucky_JJ enough_RR to_TO attend_VVI the_AT United_NP States_NP1 and_CC Wellington_NP1 openings_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT exhibition_NN1 was_VBDZ officially_RR declared_VVN open_JJ by_II the_AT Governor-General_NN1 ,_, Sir_NNB Paul_NP1 Reeves_NP1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Brian_NP1 Fraser_NP1 ,_, General_JJ Manager_NN1 ,_, Relations_NN2 ,_, speaking_VVG on_II31 behalf_II32 of_II33 Mobil_NP1 said_VVD that_CST Te_AT Maori_NP1 drew_VVD 185,000_MC people_NN to_II the_AT National_JJ Museum_NNL1 in_II Wellington_NP1 *-_- many_DA2 thousands_NNO2 more_DAR than_CSN expected_JJ ,_, and_CC he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ sure_JJ that_CST the_AT people_NN of_IO Otago_NP1 and_CC Southland_NP1 would_VM attend_VVI in_RP proportionately_RR high_JJ numbers_NN2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL During_II the_AT first_MD weeks_NNT2 of_IO Te_AT Maori_JJ in_II Dunedin_NP1 2000_MC people_NN a_AT1 day_NNT1 had_VHD been_VBN attending_VVG !_! ^ ^_NULL Numbers_NN2 have_VH0 certainly_RR been_VBN bolstered_VVN by_II the_AT 17,000_MC school_NN1 children_NN2 scheduled_VVD to_TO see_VVI the_AT exhibition_NN1 in_II its_APPGE first_MD few_DA2 weeks_NNT2 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL As_CSA major_JJ sponsor_NN1 ,_, responsible_JJ for_IF promotion_NN1 and_CC publicity_NN1 for_IF Te_AT Maori_NP1 ,_, Mobil_NP1 can_VM feel_VVI justifiably_RR proud_JJ of_IO its_APPGE efforts_NN2 in_II attracting_VVG so_RG many_DA2 people_NN to_II this_DD1 unique_JJ exhibition_NN1 ._. ^ |_NULL ^_NULL Once_RR21 again_RR22 Mobil_NP1 's_GE corporate_JJ evening_NNT1 ,_, always_RR the_AT first_MD night_NNT1 after_II the_AT opening_NN1 ,_, was_VBDZ a_AT1 stunning_JJ success_NN1 ._. ^ ^_NULL Seventy_MC Dunedin_NP1 staff_NN ,_, family_NN members_NN2 and_CC friends_NN2 and_CC nearly_RR 200_MC Mobil_NP1 customers_NN2 experienced_VVD the_AT traditional_JJ Marae_NP1 welcome_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 guided_JJ tour_NN1 of_IO Te_AT Maori_JJ and_CC a_AT1 large_JJ supper_NN1 ._.