<B CEHAND1A>
<Q E1 IS HANDO FITZH>
<N HUSBANDRY>
<A FITZHERBERT ANTHONY>
<C E1>
<O 1500-1570>
<M X>
<K X>
<D ENGLISH>
<V PROSE>
<T HANDB OTHER>
<G X>
<F X>
<W WRITTEN>
<X MALE>
<Y 40-60>
<H PROF>
<U NON-PROF>
<E X>
<J X>
<I X>
<Z INSTR SEC>
<S SAMPLE X>


[^FITZHERBERT.
THE BOOK OF HUSBANDRY (1534).
ENGLISH DIALECT SOCIETY, 37.
ED. W. W. SKEAT.
VADUZ: KRAUS REPRINT LTD., 1965 (1882).
PP. 35.1  - 44.22   (SAMPLE 1)
PP. 95.18 - 101.15  (SAMPLE 2)^]

<S SAMPLE 1>
<P 35>
[}26. HOWE RYE SHULDE BE SHORNE.}]

   In the later ende of July, or in the begynnynge of 
Auguste, is tyme to shere Rye, the whiche wolde be 
shorne cleane, and faste bounden. And in somme 
places they mowe it, the whiche is not soo good to the 
housbandes profytte, but it is the sooner done. For 
whan it is mowen, it wyll not be so fast bounden: and
he can not gather it soo cleane, but there wyll be moche 
losse, and taketh more rowme in the barne than shorne 
corne dothe. And also it wyll not kepe nor saue it selfe 
from rayne or yll wether, whan it standeth in the couer, 
as the shorne corne wyll do.

[}27. HOWE TO SHERE WHEATE.}]

   Wheate wolde be shorne cleane, and harde bounden 
in lyke maner; but for a generall rule, take good hede, 
that the sherers of all maner of whyte corne cast not 
vppe theyr handes hastely, for thanne all the lose corne, 
and the strawes, that he holdeth not fast in his hande, 
flieth ouer his heed, and are loste: and also it wyll pull 
of the eares, and specyallye of the cornes that be verye 
rype. In somme places they wyll shere theyr cornes
hyghe, to the entente to mowe theyr stubble, eyther to 
thacke or to bren: if they so do, they haue greate cause 
to take good hede of the sherers. For if the eares of 
corne croke downe to the erthe, and the sherer take 
not good hede, and put up the eare er he cut the 
strawe: as many eares as be vnder his hoke or sicle 
fall to the erthe, and be loste; and whan they mowe 
the stubble, it is great hyndraunce to the profytte of 
the grounde. And in Sommersetshire, about Zelcestre 
and Martok, they doo shere theyr wheate very lowe, 
and all the wheate-strawe that they pourpose to make 
thacke of, they do not thresshe it, but cutte of the 
<P 36>
eares, and bynde it in sheues, and call it rede: and 
therwith they thacke theyr houses. And if it be a 
newe house, they thacke it vnder theyr fote: the 
whiche is the beste and the surest thacking that can 
be of strawe, for crowes and douues shall neuer hurte it.

[}28. TO MOWE OR SHERE BARLEY AND OTES.}]  

   Barley and otes be moste commonly mowen, and a 
man or woman folowythe the mower with a hande-rake 
halfe a yarde longe, with .vii. or .viii. tethe, in the 
lyfte hande, and a syckle in the ryghte hande, and 
with the rake he gethereth as moche as wyll make a 
shefe. And thanne he taketh the barley or otes by the 
toppes, and pulleth out as moche as wil make a band, 
and casteth the band from him on the land, and with his 
rake and his syckle taketh vp the barley or otes, & 
layeth them vppon the bande, and so the barley lyeth 
vnbounden .iii. or .iiii. dayes, if it be fayre wether, 
and than to bynde it. And whan the barley is ledde 
away, the landes muste be raked, or els there wyll be 
moche corne loste, and if the barley or otes lye, they 
muste nedes be shorne.

[}29. TO REPE OR MOWE PEES AND BEANES.}]

   Pees and benes be moste commonly laste reped or 
mowen, of diuers maners, some with sickles, some 
with hokes, and some with staffe-hokes. And in some 
places they lay them on repes, and whan they be dry, 
they laye them to-gether on heapes, lyke hey-cockes, 
and neuer bynde them. But the beste way is, whan 
the repes be dry, to bynde them, and to set theym on
the rydge of the landes three sheues to-gether; and 
loke that your sherers, repers, or mowers geld not 
your beanes, that is to saye, to cutte the beanes so hye, 
<P 37>
that the nethermoste codde growe styll on the stalke; 
and whan they be bounden, they are the more redyer 
to lode and vnlode, to make a reke, and to take fro 
the mowe to thresshe. And soo be not the repes.

[}30. HOWE ALL MANER OF CORNES SHULDE BE TYTHED.}]

   Nowe that all these cornes before specyfyed be
shorne, mowed, reped, bounden vp, and layde vppon
the rydge of the lande, lette the housbande take
hede of goddes commaundemente, and let hym goo
to the ende of his lande, and begynne and tell .ix.
sheues, and let hym caste out the .x. shefe in the
name of god, and so to pervse from lande to lande,
tyll he haue trewely tythed all his corne. And beware,
and take hede of the sayinge of our lorde by his
prophete Malachias, the whiche saythe, (\Quia michi non
dedisti decimas et primitias, id circo in fame et penuria
maledicti estis\) . That is to saye, Bycause ye haue not
gyuen to me your tythes, and your fyrste-fruytes, therefore
ye be cursed, and punysshed with honger and
penury. And accordynge to that saynte Austyn saythe:
(\Da decimas, alioqui incides in decimam partem angelorum
qui de celo corruerunt in infernum\) . That is to say, Gyue
thy tythes truely, or els thou shalt fall amonge the tenthe
parte of aungelles that felle from heuen in-to hell, the
whiche is an harde worde to euery man, that oughte to
gyue tythes, and doth not gyue them truely. But saynte
Austyne saythe a comfortable worde again, to them that
gyue theyr tythes truely, that is to saye: (\Decimae sunt
tributa egentium animarum\) : Tythes are tributes or
rewardes to nedye soules. And ferther he saythe: (\Si
decimam dederis, non solum abundantiam fructum recipies,
sed etiam sanitatem corporis et animae consequeris\) , That
is to saye, If thou haue gyuen thy tythes truely, thou
shalte not onely receyue the profite, and the abundaunce
<P 38>
of goodes, but also helthe of bodye and soule shall
folowe. Wolde to god, that euerye man knewe the
harde worde of our lorde by his prophete Malachias,
and also the comfortable wordes of the holy saynte
Austyn. For than wolde I truste verely, that tythes
shulde be truely gyuen. 

[}31. HOWE ALL MANER OF CORNE SHULDE BE COUERED.}]

   Nowe these cornes be shorne and bounden, and the
tithes cast out, it is tyme to couer theym, shoke theym,
or halfe-throne them, but couerynge is the beste waye
of all maner of whyte corne. And that is, to set foure
sheues on one syde, and .iiii. sheues on the other syde,
and two sheues aboue, of the greatteste, bounden harde
nyghe to the nether ende, the whiche must be set vpwarde,
and the top downewarde spredde abrode to couer all the
other sheues. And they wyll stand beste in wynde, and 
saue theym-selfe beste in rayne, and they wolde be set
on the rydge of the lande, and the sayde sheues to leane
to-gether in the toppes, and wyde at the grounde, that
the winde may go through, to drye them. Pees and
beanes wolde be set on the rydge of the lande, thre
sheues together, the toppes vpwarde, and wrythen together,
and wyde benethe, that they maye the better
wyddre.

[}32. TO LODE CORNE, AND MOWE IT.}]

   Whanne all these cornes be drye and wyddred ynoughe,
than lode theym in-to the barne, and laye euerye corne
by it-selfe. And if be a wete haruest, make many mowes:
and if thou haue not housynge ynoughe, thanne it is
better to laye thy pees and benes without vppon a reke,
than other corne, and it is better vppon a scaffolde than
vppon the grounde: for than it muste be well hedged
<P 39>
for swyne and catel, and the grounde wyll rotte the
bottom, and the scaffolde saueth both hedgynge and
rottynge: but they must be well couered bothe. And the
husband may set shepe or catel vnder the same scaffold
and wyll serue hym in stede of an house, if it be well 
and surely made, &c.

[}33. THE SECOND STURRYNGE.}]

   In August, and in the begynnyng of September, is
tyme to make his seconde sturrynge, and most commonly
it is cast downe and plowed a meane forowe, not to depe
nor to ebbe, so he turne it clene. And if it be caste, it
wolde be water-forowed bytwene the landes, there-as
the reane shulde be, and it wyll be the dryer, whan the
lande shall be sowen. And if the landes lie high in
the ridge, & highe at the reane, & lowe in the
myddes of the side, that the water may not ronne easely
in-to the reane, as I se dayly in many places: than let
the husband set his plough .iii. or .iiii. fote from the
rydge, and cast all the rydge on bothe sydes, and whan
the rydge is cast, set his plough there-as he began, and
rydge vp the remenant of the lande, and so is the land
bothe cast and rydged, and all at one plowynge. And this
shall cause the lande to lye rounde, whan it is sowen
at the nexte tyme, and than shall it not drowne the corne.

[}34. TO SOWE WHEAT AND RYE.}]

   Aboute Myghelmasse it is tyme to sowe bothe wheate
and rye. Wheate is mooste commonlye sowen vnder the
forowe, that is to saye, caste it vppon the falowe, and
than plowe it vnder. And in some places they sowe theyr
wheate vppon theyr pees-stubble, the whiche is neuer
soo good, as that that is sowen vppon the falowe: and
that is vsed, where they make falowe in a fyelde euery
<P 40>
fourthe yere. And in Essex they vse to haue a chylde,
to go in the forowe before the horses or oxen, with a
bagge or a hopper fall of corne: and he taketh his hande
full of corne, and by lyttel and lytel casteth it in the
sayde forowe. Me semeth, that chylde oughte to haue
moche dyscretion.
   Howe-be-it there is moche good corne, and rye is 
mooste commonlye sowen aboue and harrowed, and two
London busshelles of wheate and rye wyll sowe an acre.
Some grounde is good for wheate, some for rye, and
some is good for bothe: and vppon that ground sowe
blend-corne, that is both wheate and rye, the whyche is
the surest corne of growyng, and good for the husbandes
houshold. And the wheate, that shall be medled with
rye, muste be suche as wyll soone be rype, and that is 
flaxen wheate, polerd wheate, or whyte wheate. And ye
shall vnderstande, that there be dyuers maners of wheates.
Flaxen wheate hath a yelowe eare, and bare without anis,
and is the bryghtest wheate in the busshell, and wyll
make the whytest breed, and it wyll weare the grounde
sore, and is small strawe, and wyll growe very thycke,
and is but small corne. Polerde wheate hath noo anis,
thycke sette in the eare, and wyll soone fall out, and is
greatter corne, and wyll make whyte breed. Whyte
wheate is lyke polerde wheate in the busshell, but it
hath anis, and the eare is foure-square, and wyll make
white breed: and in Essex they call flaxen wheate
whyte wheate. Red wheate hath a flat eare, an inche
brode, full of anis, and is the greatteste corne, and
the brodeste blades, and the greatteste strawe, and
wyl make whyte breed, and is the rudeste of colour
in the busshell.
   Englysshe wheate hath a dunne eare, fewe anis or none,
and is the worste wheate, saue peeke-wheate. Peekewheete
hath a red eare, ful of anis, thyn set, and ofte
tymes it is flyntered, that is to saye, small corne wrynkeled
<P 41>
and dryed, and wyll not make whyte breade, but it wyl
growe vpon colde grounde.

[}35. TO THRESSHE AND WYNOWE CORNE.}]

   This wheate and rye, that thou shalte sowe, ought to
be very cleane of wede, and therfore, er thou thresshe
thy corne, open thy sheues, and pyke oute all maner of
wedes, and than thresshe it, and wynowe it cleane,
and so shalt thou haue good clene corne an other
yere. And in some countreys, aboute London specyallye,
and in Essex and Kente, they do fan theyr corne, the
whiche is a verye good gise, and a great saueguarde for
shedynge of the corne. And whan thou shalte sell it,
if it be well wynowed or fande, it wyll be solde the
derer, and the lyghte corne wyll serue the husbande in
his house.

[}36. TO SEUER PEES, BEANES, AND FYTCHES.}]

   Whan thou haste thresshed thy pees, and beanes,
after they be wynowed, and er thou shalte sowe or selle
them, let theym be well reed with syues, and seuered in
thre partes, the great from the small, and thou shalte gette
in euerye quarter a London busshell, or there about. For
the small corne lyeth in the holowe and voyde places of
the greate beanes, and yet shall the greate beanes be solde
as dere, as if they were all together, or derer, as a man
may proue by a famylier ensample. Let a man bye
 .C. hearynges, two hearynges for a penye, and an other
 .C. hearynges, thre for a peny, and let hym sell these
 .CC. hearinges agayne .v. heringes for .ii.d.; nowe hath
he loste .iiii. d. For C. hearinges, .ii. for i.d., cost v.s.,
and C. hearynges, .iii. for a peny, coste .iii s. and .iiii d.,
the whiche is .viii. s and .iiii. d.; and whan he selleth
 .v. herynges for .ii. d., xx. heringes cometh but
<P 42>
to .viii. d. and there is but .xii. score heringes, and that
is but .xii. grotes, and xii. grotes, and that cometh but to
 .viii. s. and so he hath lost .iiii. d. and it is bicause      #
there be
not so many bargeins, for in the bienge of these .CC.
heringes there be .v. score bargeins, and in the sellinge
of the same there be but .xlviii. bargeyns, and so is
there lost .x. hearinges, the whiche wolde haue ben .ii.
bargeyns moo, and than it had ben euen and mete. And
therfore he that byeth grosse sale, and retayleth, muste
nedes be a wynner. And so shalt thou be a loser, if
thou sell thy pees, beanes, and fytches together: for than
thou sellest grosse sale. And if thou seuer them in thre 
partes, than thou doest retayle, wherby thou shalte wynne.

[}37. OF SHEPE, AND WHAT TYME OF THE YERE THE RAMMES
SHULDE BE PUT TO THE EWES.}]

   An housbande can not well thryue by his corne,
without he haue other cattell, nor by his cattell, without
corne. For els he shall be a byer, a borower, or
a begger. And bycause that shepe in myne opynyon is
the mooste profytablest cattell that any man can haue,
therfore I pourpose to speake fyrst of shepe. Than
fyrst is to be knowen, what tyme thou shalt put thy
rammes to thy ewes; and therin I make a distinction, for
euery man maye not put to theyr rammes all at one
tyme; for if they doo, there wyll be greate hurte and
losse; for that man, that hath the best shepe-pasture for
wynter, and soone spryngynge in the begynnynge of the
yere, he maye suffre his rammes to goo with his ewes
all tymes of the yere, to blyssomme or ryde whan they
wyll: but for the comon pasture, it is tyme to put to his
rammes at the Exaltation of the holye crosse: for than
the bucke goth to the rut, and so wolde the ramme.
But for the common husbande, that hath noo pasture but
the common fieldes, it is tyme ynoughe at the feste of
<P 43>
saynt Mychaell the archangel. And for the poore
housbande of the Peeke, or suche other, that dwell in
hylly and hyghe groundes, that haue no pastures, nor
common fieldes, but all-onely the comon hethe, Symon
and Jude daye is good tyme for theym, and this is the
reason why. An ewe goth with lambe .xx. wekes, and
shall yeane her lambe in the .xxi. weke; & if she haue
not conueniente newe grasse to eate, she maye not gyue
her lambe mylke: and for wante of mylke, there be
manye lambes perysshed and loste: and also for pouertye,
the dammes wyll lacke mylke, and forsake theyr lambes,
and soo often tymes they dye bothe in suche harde
countreys.

[}38. TO MAKE AN EWE TO LOUE HER LAMBE.}]
 
   If thy ewe haue mylke, and wyll not loue her lambe,
put her in a narowe place made of bordes, or of smothe
trouse, a yarde wyde, and put the lambe to her, and
socle it, and yf the ewe smyte the lambe with her
heed, bynd her heed with a heye-rope, or a corde, to
the syde of the penne: and if she wyl not stande
syde longe all the lambe, than gyue her a lyttell hey,
and tye a dogge by her, that she maye se hym: and
this wyll make her to loue her lambe shortely. And
if thou haue a lambe deed, wherof the damme hath
moche mylke, fley that lambe, and tye that skynne vpon
an other lambes backe, that hath a sory damme, with
lyttell mylke, and put the good ewe and that lambe together
in the penne, and in one houre she wyll loue
that lambe; & than mayst thou take thy sory weyke 
ewe awaye, and put her in an other place: and by this
meanes thou mayste fortune to saue her lyfe, and the
lambes bothe.
<P 44>
[}39. WHAT TYME LAMBES SHULDE BE WAYNED.}]

   In some places they neuer seuer their lambes from 
theyr dammes, and that is for two causes: One is, in 
the beste pasture where the rammes goo alwaye with
theyr ewes, there it nedeth not, for the dammes wil
waxe drye, and wayne theyr lambes theym-selfe. An
other cause is, he that hath noo seuerall and sounde
pasture, to put his lambes vnto whan they shoulde be
wayned, he muste eyther sell them, or let them sucke
as longe as the dammes wyll suffre theym; and it is
a common sayinge, that the lambe shall not rotte, as
longe as it souketh, excepte the damme wante meate.
But he that hath seueral and sounde pasture, it is tyme
to wayne theyr lambes, whanne they be .xvi. wekes
old, or .xviii. at the farthest, and the better shall the
ewe take the ramme agayne. And the poore man of
the peeke countreye, and suche other places, where as 
they vse to mylke theyr ewes, they vse to wayne theyr
lambes at xii. wekes olde, and to mylke theyr ewes
fiue or syxe wekes, &c. But those lambes be neuer
soo good as the other that sucke longe, and haue
meate ynoughe. 

<S SAMPLE 2>
<P 95>
[}146. WHAT WARKES A WYFE SHULDE DO IN GENERALL.}]

   First in a mornyng whan thou arte waked, and purposeste to 
ryse, lyfte vp thy hande, and blesse the, and 
make a sygne of the holy crosse, (\In nomine patris, et filii, 
et spiritus sancti.\) Amen. In the name of the father, the 
sonne, and the holy gooste. And if thou saye a Pater 
noster, an Aue, and a Crede, and remember thy maker, 
thou shalte spede moche the better. And whan thou arte 
vp and redy, than first swepe thy house, dresse vp thy 
dyssheborde, and sette all thynges in good order within 
thy house: milke thy kye, socle thy calues, sye vp thy 
mylke, take vppe thy chyldren and araye theym, and 
prouyde for thy husbandes brekefaste, dynner, souper, 
and for thy chyldren and seruauntes, and take thy parte 
with theym. And to ordeyne corne and malte to the 
myll, to bake and brue withall whanne nede is. And 
meete it to the myll, and fro the myll, and se that thou 
haue thy measure agayne besyde the tolle, or elles the 
myller dealeth not truely with the, or els thy corne is not 
drye as it shoulde be. Thou must make butter, and chese 
whan thou maist, serue thy swyne bothe mornyng and 
euenynge, and gyue thy poleyn meate in the mornynge;
<P 96>
and whan tyme of the yere cometh, thou must take hede 
howe thy hennes, duckes, and geese do ley, and to gather 
vp theyr egges, and whan they waxe brodye, to sette 
them there as noo beastes, swyne, nor other vermyn 
hurte them. And thou muste knowe, that all hole-footed 
fowles wyll sytte a moneth, and all clouen-footed fowles 
wyll sytte but three wekes, excepte a peyhenne, and greatte 
fowles, as cranes, bustardes, and suche other. And whan 
they haue broughte forthe theyr byrdes, to see that they 
be well kepte from the gleyd, crowes, fullymartes, and 
other vermynne. And in the begynnynge of Marche, or 
a lyttell afore, is tyme for a wyfe to make her garden, and 
to gette as many good sedes and herbes as she canne, 
and specially suche as be good for the potte, and to eate: 
and as ofte as nede shall requyre, it muste be weded, for 
els the wedes wyl ouergrowe the herbes. And also in 
Marche is tyme to sowe flaxe and hempe, for I haue 
harde olde houswyues saye, that better is Marche hurdes 
than Apryll flaxe, the reason appereth: but howe it 
shulde be sowen, weded, pulled, repeyled, watred, 
wasshen, dryed, beaten, braked, tawed, hecheled, spon, 
wounden, wrapped, and wouen, it nedeth not for me to 
shewe, for they be wise ynough; and therof may they 
make shetes, bordclothes, towels, shertes, smockes, and
suche other necessaryes, and therfore let thy dystaffe 
be alwaye redye for a pastyme, that thou be not 
ydle. And vndouted a woman can-not gette her lyuynge 
honestely with spynnynge on the distaffe, but it stoppeth 
a gap, and muste nedes be had. The bolles of flaxe, 
whan they be ripeled of, must be rideled from the wedes, 
and made drye with the son, to get out the sedes. Howe 
be it one maner of linsede, called loken sede, wyll not 
open by the son: and therfore, whan they be drye, they 
muste be sore brused and broken, the wiues knowe howe, 
and than winowed and kepte drye, tyll yere-tyme come
<P 97>
agayn. Thy female hempe must be pulled from the 
churle hempe, for that beareth no sede, and thou must 
do by it, as thou dydest by the flax. The churle hempe 
beareth sede, and beware that byrdes eate it not, as it 
groweth: the hemp therof is not soo good as the female 
hempe, but yet it wyll do good seruyce. May fortune 
somtime, that thou shalt haue so many thinges to do, that 
thou shalt not well knowe where is best to begyn. Than 
take hede, which thing shulde be the greattest losse, if 
it were not done, and in what space it wold be done: 
than thinke what is the greatest losse, & there begyn. 
But in case that thynge, that is of greateste losse, wyll 
be longe in doynge, and thou myghteste do thre or foure 
other thynges in the meane whyle, thanne loke well, if 
all these thynges were sette together, whiche of them 
were the greattest losse; and if all these thynges be of 
greater losse, and may be all done in as shorte space, as 
the other, than doo thy many thynges fyrste.
   It is conuenyente for a housbande to haue shepe of 
his owne, for many causes, and than maye his wife haue 
part of the woll, to make her husbande and her-selfe 
some clothes. And at the leaste waye, she may haue the 
lockes of the shepe, eyther to make clothes or blankettes 
& couerlettes, or bothe. And if she haue no woll of her 
owne, she maye take wol to spynne of clothe-makers, and 
by that meanes she maye haue a conuenyent lyuynge, and 
many tymes to do other warkes. It is wyues occupation, 
to wynowe all maner of cornes, to make malte, to wasshe 
and wrynge, to make heye, shere corne, and in tyme of 
nede to helpe her husbande to fyll the mucke-wayne or 
dounge-carte, dryue the ploughe, to loode hey, corne, and 
suche other. And to go or ride to the market, to sel butter, 
chese, mylke, egges, chekyns, capons, hennes, pygges, 
gese, and all maner of cornes. And also to bye all maner 
of necessarye thynges belongynge to houssholde, and to
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make a trewe rekenynge and a-compte to her housbande,
what she hath payed. And yf the housbande go to the
market, to bye or sell, as they ofte do, he than to shewe
his wife in lyke maner. For if one of them shoulde vse
to deceyue the other, he deceyueth hym-selfe, and he is
not lyke to thryue. And therfore they muste be trewe 
eyther to other. I coulde peraduenture shewe the housbandes 
dyuerse poyntes that the wyues deceyue them
in: and in lyke maner, howe husbandes deceyue theyr
wyues: but if I shulde do so, I shulde shewe mo subtyll
poyntes of deceypt, than eyther of them knewe of before.
And therfore me semeth beste to holde my peace, least
I shoulde do as the knyght of the toure dyd, the whiche
had many fayre doughters, and of fatherly loue that he
oughte to them, he made a boke, to a good entente, that
they myghte eschewe and flee from vyces, and folowe
vermes. In the whiche boke he shewed, that if they
were wowed, moued, or styred by any man, after suche
a maner as he there shewed, that they shulde withstande
it. In the whiche boke he shewed so many wayes, howe
a man shoulde atteyne to his purpose, to brynge a woman
to vice, the whiche wayes were so naturall, and the wayes
to come to theyr purpose were soo subtylly contryued,
and craftely shewed, that harde it wold be for any woman
to resyste or deny theyr desyre. And by the sayd boke
hath made bothe the men and the women to knowe more
vyces, subtyltye, and crafte, than euer they shulde haue
knowen, if the boke had not ben made: in the whiche 
boke he named hym-selfe the knight of the towre. And
thus I leue the wyues, to vse theyr occupations at theyr
owne discreation.

[}147. TO KEPE MEASURE IN SPENDYNGE.}]

   Nowe thou husbande and huswyfe, that haue done
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your diligence and cure, accordynge to the fyrste artycle
of the philosopher, that is to saye: (\Adhibe curam\) . And
also haue well remembred the sayeng of wyse Salomon:
(\Quod ociosus non gaudebit cum electis in caelo: sed lugebit   #
in
aeternum cum reprobis in inferno\) : Thanne ye must remembre, 
obserue, and kepe in mind, the seconde article of
the sayinge of the philosopher, that is to saye, (\Tene
mensuram\) : That is to saye in englysshe, holde and kepe
measure. And accordynge to that sayenge, I lerned two
verses at grammer-schole, and they be these, (\Qui plus         #
expendit, 
quam rerum copia rendit: Non admiretur, si paupertate 
grauetur\) : he that dothe more expende, thanne his
goodes wyll extende, meruayle it shall not be, thoughe
he be greued with pouertee. And also accordynge to
that sayenge speketh sayncte Paul and saythe, (\Iuxta
facultates faciendi sunt sumptus, ne longi temporis victum,
breuis hora consumat\) : That is to saye, A[{f{]ter thy faculty
or thy honoure, make thyne expences, leste thou spende
in shorte space that thynge, that thou shouldest lyue
by longe. This texte toucheth euery manne, from the
hyest degree to the loweste; wherfore it is necessary to
euerye manne and womanne to remembre and take good
hede there-vnto, for to obserue, kepe, and folowe the
same; but bycause this texte of sayncte Paule is in latyn,
and husbandes commonely can but lyttell laten, I fere
leaste they can-not vnderstande it. And thoughe it
were declared ones or twyse to theym, that they wolde
forgette it: Wherfore I shall shewe to theym a texte
in englysshe, and that they maye well vnderstande, and
that is this, Eate within thy tedure.

[}148. TO EATE WITHIN THE TEDURE.}]

   Thou husbande and huswife, that intend to folowe
the sayinge of the philosopher, that is to saye, kepe
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measure, you muste spare at the brynke, and not at the
bottom, that is to vnderstande, in the begynnynge of
the yere, sellynge of thy cornes, or spendynge in thy
house, vnto the tyme that thou haue sowen agayne thy
wynter-corne, and thy lente-corne, and than se what
remayneth to serue thy house, and of the ouerplus thou
mayste sell and bye suche other necessaryes, as thou must
nedes occupie. And if thou spende it in the begynnynge
of the yere, and shall want in the hynder ende, than
thou doste not eate within thy tedure, and at the laste
thou shalte be punyshed, as I shal proue the by ensample.
Take thy horse, and go tedure him vpon thyne owne
lees, flytte hym as ofte as thou wylte, no manne wyll
saye 'wronge thou doste'; but make thy horse to longe
a tedure, than whan thou haste tyed hym vppon thyne
owne lees, his tedure is so longe, that it recheth to the
middes of an-other mans lees or corne: Nowe haste
thou gyuen hym to moche lybertye, and that man, whose
corne or grasse thy horse hath eaten, wyll be greued at
the, and wyll cause the to be amerced in the court, or
elles to make hym amendes, or bothe. And if thy
horse breake his tedure, and go at large in euery mans
corne and grasse, than commeth the pynder, and taketh
hym, and putteth hym in the pynfolde, and there shall
he stande in prison, without any meate, vnto the tyme
thou hast payde his raunsome to the pynder, and also
make amendes to thy neyghbours, for distroyenge of
theyr corne. Ryght so, as long as thou eatest within
thy tedure, that thou nedest not to begge nor borowe of
noo man, soo longe shalte thou encrease and growe in
rychesse, and euery man wyll be content with the. And
if thou make thy tedure to longe, that thyne owne
porcyon wyll not serue the, but that thou shalte begge,
borowe, or bye of other: that wyll not longe endure,
but thou shalte fall in-to pouertye. And if thou breake
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thy tedure, and ren ryot at large, and knowe not other
mennes goodes frome thyne owne, than shall the pynder,
that is to saye, the sheryffe and the bayly, areste the,
and putte the in the pynfolde, that is to say, in prison,
there to abyde tyll the truth be knowen: and it is
meruayle, if thou scape with thy lyfe, an therfore eate
within thy tedure.

[}149. A SHORTE LESSON FOR THE HUSBANDE.}]

   One thinge I wyl aduise the to remembre, and specially
in wynter-tyme, whan thou sytteste by the fyre, and hast
supped, to consyder in thy mynde, whether the warkes,
that thou, thy wyfe, & thy seruauntes shall do, be more
auauntage to the than the fyre, and candell-lyghte, meate
and drynke that they shall spende, and if it be more
auantage, than syt styll: and if it be not, than go to thy
bedde and slepe, and be vppe betyme, and breake thy
faste before day, that thou mayste be all the shorte
wynters day about thy busynes. At grammer-scole I
lerned a verse, that is this, (\Sanat, sanctificat, et ditat
surgere mane\) . That is to say, Erly rysyng maketh a man
hole in body, holer in soule, and rycher in goodes. And
this me semeth shuld be sufficient instruction for the
husbande to kepe measure.



