<B CESCIE2A>
<Q E2 EX SCIM CLOWES>
<N STRUMA>
<A CLOWES WILLIAM>
<C E2>
<O 1570-1640>
<M X>
<K X>
<D ENGLISH>
<V PROSE>
<T SCIENCE MEDICINE>
<G X>
<F X>
<W WRITTEN>
<X MALE>
<Y 60->
<H HIGH>
<U PROF>
<E X>
<J X>
<I X>
<Z EXPOS>
<S SAMPLE X>


[^CLOWES, WILLIAM.
TREATISE FOR THE ARTIFICIALL
CURE OF STRUMA, 1602.
THE ENGLISH EXPERIENCE, 238.
AMSTERDAM: THEATRVM ORBIS
TERRARVM AND NEW YORK: DA CAPO
PRESS, 1970 (FACSIMILE).
PP. 9.1 - 36.18^]

[^THE FOLLOWING ABBREVIATIONS ARE USED:
R.  STANDS FOR Recipe (imperative sg. 'Take')
q s STANDS FOR quantum sufficit ('as much as will suffice')

SYMBOLS AND OTHER INDICATIONS OF WEIGHT IN THE 
LISTS ARE OMITTED.^]


<P 9>
   The Cure of the foresaid Euill is manyfolde: to
wit, inwardly and outwardly, and is performed
by two speciall remedies: the one (^Medicinall^) , and
the other (^Instrumentall^) , without the which fewe good
workes or Cures in Chyrurgery can be brought to perfection:
The reason is, because in this Cure, the vncleanenesse 
of the body is such, which feedes the matter
of the disease. Therefore, first of all the matter must be
purged, for as it is said, the roote of al the Cure is y=e= wel
purging of the body, whereby Nature is the better enabled 
to expell and vnburden her selfe of many bad and 
vnprofitable humours. And now (by the fauour of the
learned) I will therefore begin with remedies (^Medicinall^) ,
according to the maner of Method, published by
(^Calmatheus^) , one whome amongst many other learned
men in Phisicke and Chirurgery, I haue obserued
most diligently, as it were a Day-starre or Christallin
cleare looking glasse, following him with feruent zeale
and earnest desire: by reason (as it seemeth vnto me) he
was not ignorant in any thing that might make for the
truth of his writing, chiefly for the Cure of the foresaid
Euill. Yet (I protest) I am no such deuote fauorite of
his, or any other mans whatsoeuer, further then iustly
they haue deserued: which is the onely cause that hath
mooued mee to haue a reuerent estimation of him and
all other learned men, whether they doe remaine beyond
the Sea, or otherwise abide with vs at home.

   Now followeth the maner of Methode, by Phisicall 
remedies for the Cure of (^Struma^) , or the Euill
which our Kings or Queenes haue and doe
still Cure: the experimentall proofe thereof I haue often
times seene effected: wherefore I will be short, and
presently proceede vnto the first intention.
<P 10>
[}THE FIRST INTENTION PHISICALL BY
INWARD MEANES.}]

   The first Intention (after (^Calmatheus^) ) fit
the 12. Chap. of his book, for the general
cure of (^Vnnaturall Tumours^) , is that the
curing of this disease called (^Struma^) , doth
co~sist in Dyet that dryeth moderately, &
heateth and attenuateth the humours:
Hunger is profitable, and fulnes is hurtfull: Sleep and
Idlenes are euill: exercise before meate very good:
the vse of (^Sulphure^) or Alume water, is very good and 
profitable.

[}THE SECOND INTENTION PHISICALL
BY INWARD MEANES.}]

   The second Intention is the vse of breaking, attenuating, 
mundifying & opening Medicaments; as
are these Remedies now following. (^viz.^)
(\Recipe. Rad, Ireos. Cort.Sambucj.\)
Boiled in white wine, then adde vnto this decoction, a
quantity of Ginger. For this decoction breaketh, attenuateth,
openeth & mundifieth dolorous (^tumors^) : so doth
it also prouoke vrine, w=c= in this affect is a special matter.
   The often vse of the Pilles of (\Hiera simplex\) is much
commended to cast out Flegme of the stomacke & guts.
   But if so be that thou wilt purge the whole body, thou
shalt vse the Pilles of (\Agarico Coccis\) : if thou list to    #
dissolue
& cast out Phlegme, these Pils following must be
taken, (^viz.^) (\Pillulae de Sagap: de Opopan, de Elleboro, de
Euphorbio\) . The Phisitians in times past commended
the powder of (^Turbith, Ginger^) , and (^Suger^) , of each     #
equall
parts: The (^Doses^) whereof was to two (^Dragmes^) .
<P 11>
[}THE THIRD INTENTION PHISICALL
BY INWARD MEANES.}]

   The third Intention is the vse of this powder,
which doth consume (as they terme it) the Antecedent 
matter, which it doth as well by his manifest 
quality, and (as they say) by a secret property.

(^This powder doth consume Phlegme, by little & little.^)

(\R. Rad. Aristo. Rotundae.
Raphani. 
Spattulae foetidae.
Fol. Pimpinell.
Pilosell.
Rutae Maioris.
Scrophulariae.
Philipend.
Semen Anisi.
Zingiber.
Turbith Optimi
Sene Orient.
Saccari Albissimi.\)

   Make all these into powder, and let the Patient take
euery day in the morning a Spoonefull, with white
Wine, or the water of Broome.
   (^Guido^) taketh the forenamed powders, and boyleth
them in white Wine vntill halfe, & giueth euery third
day one quarter thereof.
   (^Galen^) approoueth & commendeth the vse of (\Theriaca
Vetus, Athanasia et Ambrosia\) . The vse of (\Aurea             #
Alexa~drina\)
for the co~forting of y=e= stomack, is very good. Also it is    #
said
<P 12>
that (\Theriaca Athanasia\) doe both resolue, breake and
digest humours, being compact and gathered together
in the profundity of the body.
   (^Mercurialis^) saith moreouer, that about the purging of
children (which is diligently to be obserued) the state of
children is weake, that it must bee handled with verie
gentle medicines, & rather to be often repeated, & more
easier then to minister any stronge Medicines: therfore
the belly shall thus be mollifyed.

(\R. Mellis Rosatj.
Decoctionis fructuum.
Foliorum Senae.\)

   But that the humours may be prepared, it must bee
done with this Medicine.

(\R. Folior. Scrophulariae
Plantaginis.
Betonicae.
Menthae.\) 

   Make a Decoction according to Arte, and then take of
the said Decoction (\Syrup Rosatj recentis, Oxymel.
simplisis\) Mingle these : When the humours
bee prepared, they may be purged with this Medicine.

(\R. Agaricj Trochiscat.
Squinantj. gra.\)

   Steep them in Betony water and straine them and
put thereto.

(\R. Mellis Rosatj solutiuj.
Electuarii de Psylio.
Decoctionis Cordialis
Polipodio.\)

   Thus much as concerning this briefe note, or compendious
Methode of the forenamed Authors, which 
may very well serue for a very fit President or beginning
<P 13>
to the rest that followeth: Now it remaineth
that I make heere also report of the singular and rare
efficacy of our manuel operation therunto annexed and
belonging, with the right vse of the topicall or outward
remedies, which is to be externally applyed. The reason
is, because it is referred vnto the skilfull Chirurgians
manuel or handy working, for the Cure of this
great Infirmity, which doth outwardly affect the superficiall 
parts of the body.
   For (as saith (^Iacobus Ruffus^) ) that to the perfection
and accomplishing of the foresaid Cure (called, (^The
Euill by the King, or Queene Cured^) ) he doth reduce it into
sixe Intentions Chirurgicall, as followeth. The experimentall
verifying of his excellent skill in this disease,
as also in many others, is by diuers worthy men
often times commended: which Malady doth vexe and
trouble most pitifully the common sort of people.

The first Intention is,
(\In Attritione, et Compressione\) . 1
The second Intention is,
(\In Discussione, et Resolutione\) . 2
The third Intention is,
(\In Suppuratione et Maturatione\) . 3
The fourth Intention is,
(\In Incisione et Extractione\) . 4
The fift Intention is,
(\In Corrosione et Mundificatione\) . 5
The sixt Intention is,
(\In Obligatione et Evultione\) . 6

   Also (after (^Fuchsius^) and other leaned men) it is         #
accordingly
to be vnderstood as followeth: who also
hath written of these Phlegmaticall or Glandulous abcessions
called (^Struma^) .
<P 14>
   If (say they) these abscessions that bee seated in the
stronge parts of the body, and because they are not yet
olde and inueterate, hauing a thin (^Cystis^) that couereth
them: these are to be appeased and consumed, and after
dryed vp.

[}THE FIRST INTENTION CHYRURGICALL BY
OUTWARD MEANES.}]

   Now I will set downe Examples and 
Instances for the Cure of the said Malady,
the which I haue obserued and
gathered (as heereafter ensueth) for
the perfection and accomplishing of the
before named first Intention, if the
strength and ability of the Patient will serue and admit
the same. Then one chiefe thing (as you are before
tolde) is, that the Patient doe keep a thin & sparing dyet,
which is the efficient cause belonging vnto Phisick.
The reason is, as I haue noted, that those which are
thus affected, haue alwaies a great inclinatio~ to a grosse 
disordered liberty of feeding: Therefore the Patient
must be sustained with such meates, as are agreeable
to Nature, and to eschew such meates which make
grosse Juyce: and not (as it is said) to lay gorge vpon
gorge. And further yee shall note, though it bee said
before, that abstinence is greatly to be commended: yet
you must consider it is not meant, that Nature should
there by bee enfeebled, or ouerthrowne, and that especially
in weake bodyes, great care must be had: But
onely to keepe all possible abstinence, that is to eate and
drinke sparingly and measurably, onely to preserue the
strength, and to satisfie Nature: I meane, that it bee
such as is agreeable to the strength of the Patient, and
<P 15>
greatnes of the Infirmity.
   Likewise it is said, the often vse of purging and bleeding
on both the Armes, is profitable. Also, it is auailable
to vse Frictions, Rubbings, Borings, and Blisterings
is much praised after purgings, for it stoppeth
the flowing matter (being applyed vpon the head) by
revulsion or drawing back, & causeth euacuatio~. Moreouer, 
it is said, y=t= to discusse these kinds of (^Tumours^) which
are found in mooueable parts, & superficially lodged neer
vnto the outward parts, A plate of Leade is most familiar 
therfore, especially in young persons, by reason of
the raritye and softnes of the skinne: It is thought vnfit
(by diuers learned men) to blister Childrens heads
with (^Cantharides^) , it hath been seene to cause much paine
and pissing of bloud: but to doe it by aduisement, either
with Mustard or with Nettles, is good. 
   Also, many learned men, of a certaine knowledge and
sound vnderstanding, haue in their bookes greatly
commended a playster made thus: (\Recipe\) . Olde dryed
Goates dung, Hony and Vineger, being decocted at an
easie fire, to the consistence of a playster. Also, Doues
dung mingled with Hony, hath the same effect, So is it
by me also wel approoued, this plaister called (^Oxicroceum^) ,
whose composition is not far to be sought for.

(\R. Cerae, Picis, Colophen, Croci.
Terebinth, Galbanu~, Ammoniaci.
Mastici, Olibanum.\)

   Dissolue the Gums in Vineger, and powder that
which is to be powdred, & so make a plaister according
to Arte: Also a plaister of Figs baked and spred, and so
applyed vpon (^Struma^) is approoued good.
   Likewise, (\Oleum Cucumiris Asininus\) , dropped into the
eare, on that side where the (^Struma^) is, is most effectuall
to disperse and dissolue.
   In like maner, is generally commended (\Emplastru~ de
<P 16>
Ranis cum Mercurio\) , to be appropriate and respectiue in
this Cure, to consume superfluous humidity, engendring 
this disease. 
   Howbeit, vpon a time a certaine repyning enuious
man, being full gorged with a malicious rayling spirit,
being proudely giuen (in the gall of much bitternesse,
with many scandalous words, and bragging comparisons
ill beseeming his person) reported that the aforesaid
plaister (\De Ranis\) was dangerous vnto the patient;
and said, who so did holde the contrary opinion, it was
erroneous, foolish and deceiptfull: by reason (quoth hee)
of the coldnes of the Quick-siluer: and boldly did seeme
to maintaine the same, with a number of very spruse 
termes, and picked phrases, like as young Children vse
to doe, when (in mockery) they counterfeite a strange
kinde of language, & forsooth placed them as it were in
(^Geometrical^) proportions, as though he had bin the onely
Son of (^Archimedes^) that great (^Geometritian^) . In deed
it is a most true saying: (^That fish which is bred in the durt
will alwaies taste of the Mud^) : And I told him that I neuer
yet found any more coldnes in this Playster, then 
there is heate in a paynted fire. But this I doe speake
vpon mine owne knowledge, that there is as much difference 
in Arte and Judgement, betweene this odde fellow 
(which would seeme to bee a second (^AEsculapius^) )
and a man replenished with true knowledge indeed, as
is betweene a Master Cooke and a Scullian of a Kitchin.
Howbeit, hee said also, that his skill was such,
that if a man were wounded at (^Yorke^) , bring him the 
weapon that hurt the Patient, and he would cure him
(^forsooth^) by onely dressing of the weapon, and though
he neuer see the Patient. As certaine as the Sea burnes.
And now heere I will surcease to speake any further of
these matters, for I regarded not such sayings, sith it
is truely said; (^Euery man must yeeld an accompt, both of
<P 17>
his ease, and of his labour. Themistocles^) , a Captaine of
the (^Grecians^) (as Historians make mention) supposed it
better to be enuyed of the malicious, then to liue in Idlenes
and basenes of minde, without doing some good
for the benefit of his Country and Common wealth,
wherein he was borne and bred. Now to the second
Intention, and so in order with the rest as they doe lye,
and offer themselues vnto vs.

[}THE SECOND INTENTION CHYRURGICALL
BY OUTWARD MEANES.}]

   The second Intention Chirurgicall, is the right
vse of those remedies which doe mollifye, discusse
and consume great abscessions, which are not yet
hard and inueterate.
   And that the same is true, may easily be gathered as
followeth. And for that I wold haue this second Intention
made plaine (as much as in me lyeth) and also familiarly
knowne vnto the studyous Reader: I doe
therfore say, It is meete and conuenient, that those            #
Medicamentes
which are to bee vsed, be of the Nature and
property to molifie and discusse, and so to open the powers
of the skinne by euaporating, breathing and scattering
abroad, and make thinne the grosse matter and
Phlegme. Then for the better performance thereof,
without further discoursing, I will heere presently set
downe (as it were) a Store-house of diuers and sundry
approoued Chirurgicall remedyes, necessary for the curing
and safe healing of the forenamed (^Strumaeic^) and
(^Phlegmaticall^) sicknesse: The which from time to time
I haue by experience (the Mistris of all Artes and Sciences) 
carefully obserued, and faithfully also collected 
out of the famous writinges of sundry worthy Authors,
<P 18>
as also out of the fruitefull labours, of diuers
men famous in experience: whose painful trauailes and
studyes, haue (at this day) most excellently refined this
worthy Arte of Chyrurgerie from (^Barbarisme^) : otherwise
it is greatly to be feared, a number at this day had
not been so skilfull and rich in knowledge, and otherwise,
as they are said to be. Therefore we ought not to
thinke any study, paines, or trauaile too great, wherein
we hope of much benefit to our patients, and also profit
and commodity to our selues: And heere I must needs
say, (according to my poore ability) I haue my self been
very industrious for the common benefit, and good of
others, truly to set downe diuers approoued remedies of
mine own collection: wherin (to my knowledge) I haue
not in al this whole discourse, published any superfluous
and vnapprooued remedies, or otherwise kept backe any
worthy secret I had: but as did the (^Euangelicall^) and
heauenly woma~ mentioned in y=e= Scriptures, who presented
into the Lords Treasury al y=e= wealth & substance
she had. Notwithstanding, I haue read y=t= men in times
past did with great care & diligence consecrate & keep secret
(as a precious treasure vnto the~selues) al such chosen
& peculiar remedies, w=c= they had experienced & approoued 
for the curing & healing of any dangerous malady:
and (as it is said) bound themselues by oath one to
another, not to bewray their Secrets by their bookes or
writing. Howbeit, I more regarding the publick vtility
& good of posterity, did w=t= great care & diligence consider
with my self, what profit can there be to any ma~ to
bury his labors in the lake of obliuion, or otherwise to
hide it in the denne of darkenesse. And although I
know the matter heer spoken of, may seeme a paradox to
some, & so of smal worth: neuerthelesse, although I am
none of the greatest Clarks, yet I know it wil be more
auailable, then some happily doe make account of. For
which cause I haue laboured w=t= as much perspicuity &
<P 19>
plainnes, as possible I could, to deliuer the truth of my
honest & faithful good meaning, so far foorth as God hath
enabled me in knowledge, skil & memory. Wherefore
I meane heere presently to make publicke & open testimony
of the same, though now and then I make a little
digression, and swarue from my matter, by reason of
certaine Crosbyters, who haue heertofore (behinde my
backe, and to my face also) not a little abused me: Howbeit,
I wil heere conclude this discourse concerning this
(^Second Intention Chirurgicall^) , & doe confesse and          #
considerately
affirme, that there is but few mens labors at the
first made so perfect, but that in processe of time & further
consideration, they may be bettered, corrected and
amended. Yet I cannot but much maruaile, that wise
men now a daies are growne to this passe, that they do
so seriously follow exorcismes and the Illusions of certaine
Charmes of Clowtes and Rags, which is very
inhumane and barbarous; neuer practised, neither written
of, nor allowed by any learned Phisitio~ or Chirurgian
that euer I yet heard or read of. Howbeit, the
world is (as it were) led in a stringe & carried away to
beleeue these vanities, which make a shadow or shew of
verity for the safe curing of diuers maladies, & sildome
(they say) misse not: But I know the contrary is true,
for I haue cured both old & young persons, when these
Charmers of clowtes & rags, with their incredible operations
haue failed them, & prooued flat foolery & absurdities.
But to leaue this new Leach craft, with thier doting
inuentions, I wil here speake of diuers remedies
very respectiue & appropriate, for the cure of the before
named infirmity, as a president and example for young
practizers of Chirurgery to follow. Now vnto the said
(^Second Intention^) , which is first to set downe those        #
special
remedies, whose properties are to open the pooers
of the skin, & to soften the hard parts, by insencible 
transspiration.
<P 20>
   A choyse and speciall mollyfying and resoluing plaister,
and serueth well for the curing of this greeuance:
As my selfe haue many times approoued.

(\R. Serapini.
Ammoniaci.
Bdellij.
Galbani.
Euphorbij.\)
   
   Let these be dissolued in good Malmesey, and then
adde thereunto.

(\Ol. Lilior. 
Ol. Amigdalar.
Propoleos.
Mise, fiat Implastrum.\)

   Another.

(\R. Galbani. 
Ammoniaci. 
Picis Albae.
Cerae Citrinae.
Ol. pedis Vaccini. q.s.
   Misce.\)

   I doe many times insteed of the Oyle, take the Marew:
Then what profit doth ensue, time will approue
the same.

   Another.

(\R. Farinae fabar. 
Farinae Hord.
<P 21>
Liqueritiae,
Rad. Althaeae.
Picis.
Cerae Albae.
Adipis Anserini.\)

   Let there be added the Vrine of a Boy, and of olde
Oyle (\q s\) . And so boyle it to the forme of a Plaister.

   Another.

(\R. Gum. Ammoniaci.
Rad. Brioniae in pul.
Turp. Mineralis.
Cinnabrij.
Cerae.\)

    Let the Gumme (^Ammoniacke^) bee dissolued in Vineger,
according to Arte, and after made vp in rowles.
Among a number of his memorable deedes, which hee
hath left vnto the minde and memory of posterity, this
his Plaister deserueth great commendations.

   Another.

   (^Mercurialis^) commendeth a Playster made of (^Lyme^)
and (^Salt-Petre^) , of each like much, being mixed with
(^Barrowes grease^) (\q. s.\) But such remedyes are too
stronge for Children, least it cause Agues, and hurt the
soft and tender flesh of their bodies, (chiefly about the
Necke) it is to be auoyded. Moreouer, I read, that to
make a Playster of (^Nitrum^) and (^Lyme^) , of each a like
quantity, and of (^Cardamonium^) & (^Fenygreeke^) 4. times so
so much, and with Hony make heereof a Plaister.
<P 22>
   AEtius saith, when (^Struma^) beginneth in children, they
must be molifyed and dispersed: And for mollifying in
children is approoued this remedy following.

(\R. Diachylon.
Oesypi.
Radicum Ireos
Pulueriset. 
   Misce.\)

   Another.
   
   (\Recipe.\) The Lees of white or red wine, & of stronge
Vineger, of each a quart: Mallowe leaues 4. good handful:
Boile them till the leaues bee tender, then stampe
the leaues, & put them againe into the said licour, with
halfe a pound of sweet butter: of barley meale & of beane
meale, of each a good handfull: Of Linseede & Fenigrek
of each 4. ounces: Of the powder of red Rose leaues one
good handfull: Of yolkes of Egges 3. or 4. an of Saffron
the waight of 3. d. (\fiat cataplas\) .
   I might easily bring in a confused number of other
remedies to the same end & purpose, out of diuers learned
mens writings, which heer to repeate were needles,
and to no great vse, sith I know these may suffice:
Wherefore I thinke it good to pretermit the nominating 
of the rest, &c.

<P 22>
[}THE THIRD INTENTION CHYRURGICALL
BY OUTWARD MEANES.}]

   The third Intention is, to ripen, open and clense
such (^Phlegmaticall^) Corruptions and Ulcerous
Apostumes, which do pertaine to Suppuration:
This needeth no long discourse, sith it plainely appeareth,
<P 23>
that these troublesome, hard kernelly swellings, be
found so rebellious, that they doe resist all emollientes
and (^Diaphoreticall^) remedies before named: by meanes
wherof it can not be dissolued & consumed as we happily
would, or do desire. For which causes we are further
constrained to alter our course, with due consideration,
that is to wit: Not to leaue the Patient helples, but
to vse stronger Medicamentes, I meane (^Suppuratiues^) ,
as is before said, such as whose property is to bring           #
superfluous
humours to maturity and ripenes, by
these and such like Emplasticke remedies, which (as it
is said) doe by the closing of the pooers of the skin, augment
the naturall heate, whereby the matter so enclosed
causeth the generatio~ of matter or Pus. But I must
confesse, I haue not often times seene these hard Phlegmaticall
abcessions easily brought to suppuration. The
matter being once colde, dull, Clammy, hard and knotty,
and deeply seated, and of a long continuance in a body,
whose skin is grosse and thicke, & the matter hardly
compact: These kindes (I haue found) do sildome come
to maturity and ripenes, vnlesse (as (^Cornelius Celsus^)
saith) the said (^Tumours^) bee mixed and made of matter
and bloud. And (^Trincauel^) reparteth, that some of these
(^Tumours^) that haue heate in them, doe ripen and come to
matter & suppuration: But there be others that be more
hard, and doe resist suppuration, and then they come
neerer vnto the nature of a (^Scirrhus^) . Now it followeth
that I set downe those approoued remedies, being
in vulgar vse, seruing for suppuration, which are long
agoe ratifyed and well allowed of, by a vniforme consent,
both of olde & late writers, which were men of an
industrious capacity, & of a most rare & exquisite knowledge
in the Arte. And first I wil begin with (^Iohannes
de Vigo^) , one of the chief Fathers, & true Patrones of al
good learning & knowledge in the Arte of Chirurgery:
<P 24>
As it (in some sort) may appeare by Master (^Bartholmew
Traheron^) , which first Translated (^Vigo^) in the English
tongue. In his Epistle Dedicatory (whose iudgement
therein I doe acknowledge) bee sayth: that although
(^Vigo^) were not brought vp in the knowledge of
the Tongues, yet through his singular wit, long experience, 
and diligent study, hee hath inuented and set
foorth, more notable things in the Arte of Chirurgerie,
then any other heeretofore: and I thinke sayth he,
nothing can better testifye the cunning of this man,
then that he continued so long in (^Rome^) , in such a company
of pocky Curtezans: neither Priests, Bishops, 
nor Cardinals excepted, as it appeareth in his Booke:
for where such cariones been, the best Egles will resort, &c.

   A Maturatiue Playster.

(\R. Radices Althaeae. 
Capit. Liliorum.\)


   Let these boyle in a sufficient quantity of Water,
and after being stamped, put vnto them of Garlicke
and white Onions roasted, vnder the coales of each.


(\Ol. Liliorum.
Butyri.
Pinguedinis porcini. 
Anserinae.
Farinae Tritici.
Fenigreci. An. q. s.\)

   Make a Playster at the fire, adding in the ende, the
yolkes of two Egges: There bee some (I know) doe
<P 25>
little prize or value this Playster, but I doe acknowledge
it to be an infallible remedy.

   Another.

(\R. Radices Bryoniae.
Ceparum. No. 
Rad. Althaeae recentiu~. 
Fol. Maluarum Siccarum. p. i.
Hidropiperis. M. i.
Ficuum. 
Passularum Enucleatarum.\)

Boyle them well, then adde vnto them.

(\Fermenti. 
Axungiae suillae Insulsae.
Euphorbij. pul.
Misce et fiat Emplastrum secundum artem.\)

   This playster worketh miraculous effectes in this
Cure.

   Another Playster.

(\R. Mirrhae.
Ammoniaci Thymiamatis. 
Visci Quercini.
Galbani. 
Propolis.
Misce et fiat Emplastrum secundum Artem.

A Maturatiue Cataplasme.\)
(\Recipe.\) Rye-bread lib. i. White Onions & of Lilly
<P 26>
Rootes, roasted vnder the Ashes, of each 4. (^Ounces^) .
A Bryony Roote, and Figges boyled in Malmesey, of
each 6. Ounc. Fenygreke & Lynseede, of each 3. Oun.
Barlye meale and Beane meale, of each 4. Oun. Oyle
of Roses, Camomill and Wormewood, of each 3. Oun.
Hony 4. Oun. The yolkes of 4. Egges hard roasted.
Saffron the waight of 4. d. Boyle all these together to
a laudable consistence, and apply it thicke vnto the greeued 
partes, morning and euening warme.
   Also I read in (^Iohannes Libaulty^) , his Booke Intituled
(^Le Meson Rustick^) , and also in other Learned Writers,
that the dung of a Cow heated vnder the Ashes,
betwixt Wine or Colwort leaues, & mingled with vineger,
hath the property to bring (^Scrophulous^) swellings to
ripenes, &c. Nothwithstanding, if all these chaunce to
faile, then haue recourse to that which followeth in the
(^Fourth Intention^) , which is perfomed by Section or          #
Incision,
when wee finde the matter before rehearsed, vnfit
to yeeld eyther to Resolution or Suppuration, &c,

[}THE FOURTH INTENTION CHYRURGICALL
BY OUTWARD MEANES.}]

   The fourth Intention of these (^Strumous Tumors^) ,
which are not cured by former remedies (& yet are
gentle, obedient and tractable) is to cut them off,
and then to pull them out.
   In the vse of these outward Incisions, this scope
ought chiefly to be regarded, that is: to be very circumspect
in your handy operations, attempted & done co~cerning
the cure of this great Malady: That is, the apertion 
or opening by launcing or Incision of those glandulous
(^Tumours^) . For as it is said, bloud is the treasure
of life, and habitation of the soule: Moreouer, it is surely
very hard and difficult, especially when there is in the 
affected place, eyther (^Nerue^) , great Vaine, or              #
(^Artery^) , &c.
<P 27>
Therefore such persons as are to endure this painfull
action, ought to haue much patience, and to be of a good
courage: Then it may bee the better attempted and
done by a cunning and skilfull Chyrurgian: which
there is no doubt, but he will be so prouident, that nothing
shall offend. How be it, it is not necessary or sufferable
ouer curiously to search and attempt the cutting
them out by Incision: For that many of them are subiect 
to violent and inordinate bloudy Fluxes, and other
euill accidents, which doubtlesse will much amaze you
and hinder your handy operation: I meane, when these
(^Tumors^) bee deeply planted, and secretly lodged amongst
the great vaines and Arteries called (^Carotides^) , or         #
otherwise
neere the (\Nerui recurrentes\) , which is often times
the cause that some bee come speechlesse thereby. And it
cannot be iustly denyed, but that these Incisions haue
often times been attempted with a launce by our Ancestors 
& Fore-fathers. But amongst a number of those
worthy men, (^Wickar^) being a man of good knowledge &
skill in the Cure of the foresaid Euill, his counsaile
is, that before we doe attempt the said action by Inscision,
the Patient be first layde vpon his Bed, and so
both his feet must be strongly tyed vnto the bed poasts,
his head & both his hands must also be fast held by men
of strength, and skilfull in holding: In such sort as we
doe in cutting those which haue the crooked or wrye
neckes. And he that is chosen to be the Operator of the
said action, must prudently and wisely (saith (^Vigo^) , and
other learned men) co~sider the greatnes & smalnes of the
said (^Tumor^) , which must be incised & cut fro~ one length
of the (^Tumor^)  to an other. Then by litle & litle, seperate,
diuide & vndermine the whole (^Cistis^) round about, to the
very bottome & roots therof, no rashly, nor by violence,
but orderly by degrees, seperate in your fingers, & other
seruiceable instrume~ts, as you vse to diuide y=e= forenamed
<P 28>
Mennes called (^Steatoma, Atheroma^) and (^Meliceris^) : And
confessed it is for a certaine, that if any portion or
part of the said (^Cistis^) or bagge, chaunce to remaine        #
behinde,
and not cleere taken away by the rootes, it will
(doubtlesse) breed and increase againe: But to preuent 
such greeuances, me thinkes I cannot speake too
sufficie~tly therof: wherfore, if any part remain behinde,
then lay vpon it the powder of (^Mercury precipitate^) , or
(if that bee too weake) adde to it of (^Alumen Combust^) ,
or (^Vitriolum Album combust^) , of each equall portions:
notwithstanding I beleeue, & confidently hold, that the
worke of your hands is the best instruments you haue
to trust to, and to relieue you in this distresse.
   Moreouer, (^Mercurialis^) he further sayth these words,
for the curing and effecting of this matter: First (saith
he) choose some light place, & let the Patient lye on his
bed, for in sitting he wil soone sound: therfore binde his
legges together, and after binde them to the Bedside,
and let one holde his head fast, and then the Chirurgean 
taking the swelling in his left hand, let him make
an Incision, eyther right or straight, or somewhat crooked,
on the necke vnder the Jaw-bones, vntill he come
to the matter inclosed in the Bladder, which is sometimes
one and single, as in the lesser swellinges, and
sometimes double, like the Mirtle leafe in the greater
swellinges: So that conueniently (eyther by the finger
or other Instrumentes) the Bladder may bee by
little and little separated, and drawne from the next
partes, together with the matter inclosed in it. But
take good heede that the Bladder be not cut, because it
is hardly drawne away, and much hindreth the Cure,
and the euill will come againe: But if any such thing
chauce, it were good to consume it with eating Medicines.
Great care must also be had, that neyther the Arteries,
vaines, nor notable Nerues be hurt, but by little
<P 29>
and little gently put it aside. Yet if in the cutting some
vessell be diuidedd, and the issue of bloud trouble and hinder
the worke: then apply some meete think to stay the
bloud, and so come againe to your worke: For if the
lippes of the Incision be inflamed, and the swelling or
(^Struma^) bee not safely dissolued away: then lay on a 
(^Stupa^) beaten with the White of an Egge, and such
things as be good for stopping of bloud. After, apply
Medicines that wil a little concoct, and then vse abstersiues,
and next such as causeth fleshe to growe and heale 
vp the scarre.

[}THE FIFTH INTENTION CHYRURGICALL
BY OUTWARD MEANES.}]

   The fifth Intention is, those which are vnmooueable,
and deepely rooted within, Corrode them about
and clense them throughly. I graunt it
tollerable and very conuenient, to vse in this Cure the
due applycation of Potential Cauteries, such as whose
propertye and seruice is to corrode the flesh & the skin,
and may with very good circumspection very safely be
attempted, being administred vpon a body that is of a
reasonable constitution, & in such sort that his strength
is able to holde and endure the same. And heere I will
make further demonstration thereof, that is to say:
that your Cautery be not applyed vpon any Sinnewy
part, neither vpon the great Vaines nor Arteries, for
that these bee accompted indeede principall and chiefe
vessels: Also you must consider the quallity and quantity
of the Causticke you doe administer, for that some
are more violent and stronger then other, and some wil
run and spread more then another.
   (^Iaques Guillemeau^) Chyrurgian vnto the now French
<P 30>
King which now is: saith, truely it is not necessary, nor
allowable to apply the Caustick vpon the endes or beginnings
of Muscles, for if your Patient that is to bee
Cauterized, haue an vnsound and sickly body, you must
first of all bee sure before you administer the sayd
Cautery, to Phlebotomize & purge him: The reason
is, least in the Cauterized parts, there chaunce to come
concursion, or gathering together of humours. Also, it
is further sayd, that a small part of your potentiall
Cauteryes, doth and will worke as forcibly on a soft
and tender bodye, as a great quantity thereof will doe
vpon a stronge and grosse obdurate person. Ouer and
besides, the greater abcessions are to bee Cauterized
one way, and the lesser an other way, and that with
good consideration. And heere to put you in memory,
that you must bee very carefull and circumspect in
defending the partes round about the sayd (^Tumors^) , for
feare (as I haue said) that your Cautery doe run and
spread too farre abroad: for the which cause you shall
strengthen, fortifye & defend the foresaid affected parts,
that is to say: by inuironing and compassing it round
about with some repercussiue Medicamentes, lest the
grieued part (which by long infirmity is become thereby
sore weakned & enfeebled) and may so bring with it
great swelling & other euill accidents: And therfore it is
not without good cause, that the parts greeued be righly
ordred & defended, whereby you shall be sure the better
to effect your intended purpose without the said perrill
or daunger but with the highest commendation in
preuenting the euil that otherwise might ensue: which
reasons alwaies enduced mee to laye round about the
Cauterized parts, some speciall defensiue, as is this, or
the like heereafter following.
   (\Reci. Emplastrum Diachalcithios\) dissolued in (\Ol.
papaueris et Ol. ros.\) wherunto is added (\Ouorum albumin.
<P 31>
et Aceti. ros. An. q s 
   Et fiat Emplastrum.\)
   This done, then presently goe about with your Causticke,
to roote out all the whole (^Schrophulous^) and hard
kernelly substances, either with the common Ruptory
or Causticke, which in this case best contenteth my
minde: the making heereof I doe not heere set downe,
because it is so commonly knowne.
   Howbeit, there is an other Causticke, which (as it
is reported vnto me by a skilful Chirurgian) doth work
without any paine, or very litle at al. The reputed Author
therof is said to bee a famous practizer in Chirurgery,
dwelling at (^Mountpelier^) in (^France^) . I must needes
thinke reuerently of the Author of this Caustick, hoping
his minde was not such to delight himselfe with
publishing of vntruth: But if it doe indeede worke
without paine, the mistery thereof is farre about my
reach.

(\Rec. Lixiuij Saponarij. 
Vitriolj Romanj. 
Mercurij sublimatj.\)
 
   Made into very fine powder: in the end of the boyling 
put in of (^Opium^) 2 drams. (\Misce et fiat Trochiscj.\)
   You shall further note, that if at any time your Causticke
doe happen not to worke so well and sufficiently
to your minde, as happily you would with it should do,
then apply the same Cautery againe: but you must first
make Incision alongst wise, vpon the middle of the
foresaid (^Escharre^) : Then put in some small quantity
(that is, so much as you suppose will penetrate into
the profundity & very rootes therof) for it doth behooue a
prouident & wise Artist to preuent & see all eminent danger
in y=e= doing therof, & the~ by Gods help, ye may safely
in a short time roote out these hard (^Strophulous Tumors^) .
For (as I haue said) vnlesse the roote be cleane take~ out,
<P 32>
this Malady will growe and increase againe. But if
there chaunce to approach any painefull accidentes
(as I haue knowne and seene to follow in sundry persons)
then with speed remooue and take away the
same: which done, yee shall procure the fall of the 
(^Eschar^) , with (\Vnguentu~ Populeum\) : or els with          #
(\Vnguentum 
Rosarum\) , or sweete Butter. And to apply vpon
it (\Emplastrum Diacalcitheos\) , or (\Emplastrum Deminio\) . 
So after all the (^Escharres^) be remooued, then if there
be required mundifying and clensing, these following
are vulgarly vsed, as (\Vnguentum Apostoloru~\) , called of
some also (\Vnguentum Christianoru~\) : which (^Vnguent^) in
this effect cannot be bettered: and (\Vnguentum Egiptiacum\) ,
and sometimes to mixe two parts of (\Vnguentum
Apostolorum\) , and one part of (\Vnguentum Egiptiacum\) .
Also, (\Vnguentum Apij\) , is auaileable in this Cure, viz.

(\Recipe. Succi Apij et Plantaginis.
Farinae hordej et Orobj.
Terebinthinae, 
Mellis, 
Mirrhae 
Misce et fiat Vnguentum.\)

   If you adde to this (^Vnguent^) the yolkes of Egges
and (^Mercury Praecipit.^) it doth worke much better. Also
the powder of (^Mercury Praecipit.^) is good of it selfe, and
if you will haue it worke more forcibly, adde vnto it of
Allum (^combust^) according to discretion. With these
foresaid remedyes you may continue vntill there appeare
pure and quicke flesh: then it followeth to vse Incarnatiues,
& Agglutinatiues, with other medicamte~s,
fit for consolidation.
   Thus hauing sufficiently intreated of the fifth Intention:
now it remaineth for a full conclusion, to present
<P 33>
in order last of all, the sixt Intention, as 
followeth.

[}THE SIXTH INTENTION CHYRURGICALL
BY OUTWARD MEANES.}]

   The sixt Intention Chirurgicall is, that in those
(^Strumas^) that are fastened but to a thinne and slender 
roote, you shall binde them about and plucke
them out. This last action (as it appeareth) is verie
easily performed by a skilfull Operator or cunning
Chirurgian: neyther doth it require any great curiosity,
but a decent and artificiall strong binding, meete
for the plucking of them out (as it is said) by the rootes.
In which action you neede not feare any great perrill
of Fluxe of bloud, but that it may easily bee restrained
with my restringent powder, published in my last booke
of Obseruations, which hath (of a number of good Artistes)
a friendlye acceptation: If it chaunce through
the ill disposition of the body, any dolorous accidentes
doe happen to follow, then mitigate the same (sayth
(^Wicker^) ) with stupes wet in the white of an Egge, and
oyle of Roses: and afterwards if there growe filthynes,
let it be clensed with those remedyes before rehearsed:
then no fault being committed through negligence
or want of skill, you shall no doubt with good successe, 
finish this last Intention. But amongst a number of
excellent remedyes for the curing of this euill (after the
partes bee throughly clensed from all annoyances) this
Playster following hath all the properties, that is
prescribed in these kindes of remedyes before named:
Which noble Playster I obtained of one (^Isack^) a stranger
borne, a famous Incisioner and Licentiate Chirurgian
of (^London^) , who for his excellent knowledge in
<P 34>
his Arte, was called beyond the Seas, (^The golden Master
or Doctor^) .

(\R. Bdellii, et Ammoniaci. 
Lapidis Sanguinalis, lapidis Magnetis. 
Aristolochiae rotundae, aloes Hepaticae. 
Olibanj et Masticis. 
Lithargirij arge~t. et lapidis calaminaris. 
Corallj Rubj et albi. 
Lumbricorum in pul. 
Succj scrophulariae.
Colophoniae. 
Terebynthiae Venetae. 
Cerae Albae. 
Olej Hispanicj. 
Olej Hipericj cum gummis. 
Olej Laurini 
Camphor. 
Misce et fiat Implastrum.\)

   With this Playster onely I cured a Bricklayers
Daughter neere London, of diuers bad (^Scrophulous^) Vlcers
in her necke and throate. Howbeit, there be some
(who are as it were so note-wise) that forsooth they can
not abide to read any medicine, that is of a long composition, 
be it neuer so precious. Contrariwise, there
be others againe, that will not endure to read a short
composition, bee it neuer so well approoued: for they
plainely say, there can bee no great matter of worth in
them: And thus they are as variable in their opinions
(for want of true Arte and iudgement) as the Camelions
be in their colours. (\Quot capita tot sensus\) : so many
heades so many opinions. Now heere I will forbeare
<P 35>
any further to discourse of this (^Sixt Intention               #
Chirurgicall^) ,
but I will set downe certaine Obseruations
for the Cure of this greeuous Malady by me perfected,
as followeth: least otherwise happily it may be
said, (^He that telleth a long processe or boasting tedious
tale without some proofe, must needs require credit, either
for his long boasting tedious tale, or else for some speciall
Authority that is in his person^) . But as for boasting amongst
wise men, it can winne litle credit.

[}AN OBSERUATION.}]

   A few monthes past there was sent vnto
me by a Gentleman of (^Essex^) , a certaine 
husband man, being about the 
Age of thirty yeeres, who was molested
(for the space of sixe monthes) with
certaine outward swellings, or vnnaturall
(^Strumous^) Abscessions: some of them were great
with notable hardnesses, some meane, and some smaller,
being for the most part packed and heaped together,
but yet mooued too and fro, hyther and thyther: For
the which he was first purged (with great moderation
and aduisement) with the pilles of (^Euphorbium^) and
(\Trochisce ex Viperis\) : or the Pilles of (^Vipers^) , and    #
he did
take many times (\Theriace Andromachj\) , & kept a very
slender dyet withall: after hee was well purged from
grosse and rawe humours, then I applyed vpon his
necke and both his shoulders 3 great cupping glasses,
and so did draw bloud and humours in good quantity.
After the application of this kinde of Boring or (^Ventoses^) ,
then presently I applyed vpon his swelling this
(^Vnguent^) , and these Plaisters following.
<P 36>
   (\Recip.\) Colewort leaues, greene Leekes and blades:
of water Betonye, Motherwort, the lesse Plantine,
Daysie leaues and Flowers, Mallows, Nicotian,
and Pelitory of the wall, of each a handfull:
Beate and shred these hearbes very fine: then adde to
these foresaid hearbes of Wine Vineger lib. ii. of Hogs
grease and sweet Butter, of each (^lib ii.^) of oyle of Almonds
(^lib. j.^) a young Fox, of earth worms, & shel snailes,
of each (^lib.i.^) Let all these lye infused & buryed in horse
dung the space of a month, then boyle all together till
the watrynes be consumed: then strayne it strongly, &
heere with morning and euening anoynt his necke very
warme, for halfe an houre together: Then applyed
I (\Emplastrum de ranis cum Mercurio\) : and at other
times, (\Emplastrum Dyachilon maius, et de Muscilaginibus\) , 
of each equal portions: and by this way and order
of curing, he was by me cured and safely healed within
the space of 40. dayes.



