<B CETRAV1A>
<Q E1 NN TRAV LELAND>
<N ITINERARY>
<A LELAND JOHN>
<C E1>
<O 1500-1570>
<M X>
<K X>
<D ENGLISH>
<V PROSE>
<T TRAVELOGUE>
<G X>
<F X>
<W WRITTEN>
<X MALE>
<Y 20-40>
<H PROF>
<U X>
<E X>
<J X>
<I X>
<Z NARR NON-IMAG>
<S SAMPLE X>


[^LELAND, JOHN.
THE ITINERARY OF JOHN LELAND IN OR ABOUT
THE YEARS 1535-1543. VOL. I, PARTS I TO III.
ED. L. T. SMITH.
LONDON: CENTAUR PRESS LTD., 1964.
I, PART I,  PP. 69.31  - 78.11     (SAMPLE 1)
I, PART II, PP. 139.10 - 149.15    (SAMPLE 2)^]

<S SAMPLE 1>
<P I,69>
   A mile a this side Akeland Castelle I cam over a bridg of
one great arch on Gaundelesse a praty ryver rising a vj.
miles of by west: and renning by the south side of Akeland
Castelle goith a litle beneth it to the great streame of Were.
   Gaundeles rising by west cummith by Westakeland, by S.
Helenes Akeland, by S. Andreas Akeland, and by Bisshop
Akelande.
<P I,70>
   The towne self of Akeland is of no estimation, yet is ther
a praty market of corne.
   It standith on a praty hille bytween 2. ryvers, wherof Were
lyith on the north side, and Gaundelesse on the south, and
an arow shot or more benethe they meete and make one
streame, and ren to the este. And ech of these rivers hath
an hille by it, so that Bisshop Castelle Akeland standith on
a litle hille bytwixt 2. great [{hills{] .
   There was of very auncient a manor place logging to the
Bisshop of Duresme at Akeland. Antonius de Beke began
first to encastellate it, he made the greaut haulle, there be
divers pillors of black marble spekelid with white, and the
exceding fair gret chaumbre with other there.
   He made also an exceding goodly chapelle ther of stone
welle squarid, and a college with dene and prebendes yn it,
and a quadrant on the south w[{est{] side of the castell for
ministers of the college.
   Skerlaw, Bisshop of Duresme, made the goodly gate house
at entering ynto the castelle of Akeland.
   There is a fair park by the castelle having falow dere, wild
bulles and kin.
   From Bisshop Akeland to Walsingham a 7. miles, thens
to Frosterley 2. milys, thens to Stanhop 2. miles, thens to
Estgate 2. miles, thens to Westgate 2. miles, thens to Werdale
Chapel 2. miles; and al these places, saving Werdale
Chapell, be on the north side of Were.
   The Bisshop of Duresme hath a praty square pile on the
north side of Were ryver caullid the Westgate, and thereby is
a parke rudely enclosid with stone of a 12. or 14. miles yn
cumpace: it is xvj. miles up in Were Dale from Akeland
Castelle.
   There be, as I hard, sum litle ferme holdes in this
park.
   On the side of Were river is Stanop. Stanop is xij. miles
from Akeland: and is the hedde paroch of Werdale.
   Woulsingham on Were sumtime a smaul market, now
none, is a vij. miles above Akeland.
<P I,71>
   The ryver of Were risith a 8. miles above Stanope or
more. And though the upper part of Weredale be not very
fertile of corne; yet ys there very fine gresse in the dale     #
self
wher the ryver passith.
   The very hedde of Were risith of 2. smaul waters, Burnhop
and Kelope. Burnhop cummith by south and Kelhop by
north, they 2. joining make Were. Ther cummith also
Welop [{be{]k in by Kelhop.
   There resorte many redde dere stragelers to the mountaines
of Weredale.
   Weredale lying as pece of the west marches of the            #
bisshoprik 
toward Westmerland is wel wooddid: and so be the
quarters of Akeland: for by the name it apperith to have
beene ful of okes.
   Binchester now a poore villag stondith on the south side
of Were, and is but half a mile beneth Castelle Akeland.
   It stondith on the brow of an hille, and there I saw, as I
roode on the south side, a litle fosse, and (\inditia\) of old
buildinges.
   In the ploughid feeldes hard by thys village hath and be
founde Romaine coynes, and other many tokens of antiquite.
   Betwixt Akeland and Bincester is an exceding fair bridg
of one arch apon Were. There is another a litle above
Duresme caullid Thunderland Bridge.
   From Binchester to Branspeth 4. miles, al by mountaine
ground, as is about Akeland, and not fertile of corne, but
welle woddid.
   Ar I cam by a mile and more to Branspeth I passid by a
ford over Were ryver.
   The village and castelle of Branspeth stondith on a rokky
among hilles higher then it.
   On the southe west part of the castelle cummith doune a
litle bek out o the rokkes and hilles not far of.
   The castelle of Branspeth is stronly set and buildid, and
hath 2. courtes of high building. Ther is a litle mote that
hemmith a great peice of the first court. In this court be 3.
toures of logging, and 3. smaule (\ad ornamentum\) . The
<P I,72>
pleasure of the castelle is in the 2. court: and entering into
it by a great toure I saw in schochin in the fronte of it a     #
lion
rampaunt. Sum say that Rafe Nevile the first Erle of            #
Westmerland 
buildid much of this house.
   The erle that is now hath set a new peace of worke to it.
In the paroch chirch of S. Brandon at Branspeth be dyvers
tumbes of the Nevilles.
   In the quier is an high tumbe of one of them porturid with
his wife. This Neville lakkid heires males, wherapon a great
concertation rose bytwixt the next heire male and one of the
Gascoynes.
   There lyith also in a chapelle on the south side of the
quier a Countes of Westmerland sister to Bouth Archebisshop
of York. There lyith in that chapelle also the Lord Neville,
father to the erle that is now. This Lorde Nevile died his
father the erle yet lyving: wherapon the erle toke much
thought and dyed at Horneby Castelle in Richemontshir,
and ther is buried in the paroche chirch.
   The Erle of Westmerland that is now had an elder brother,
and he lyith in a litle tumbe of marble by the high altare on
the south side. And at the feete of hym be buried 4. children
of the erles that now lyvith.
   I hard at Branspeth that Rafe the first Erle of              #
Westemerland 
was buried at his college of Stanethrop by Raby. And
that another of them was buried at the freres of                #
North-Alverton.
   From Branspeth to Duresme about a 3. miles.
   Or ever I cam nere Duresme by half a mile and more I
passid over a bridge of one great arche, and another smaul,
stonding on a praty river, caullid Dernesse (^alias^)           #
Devernesse,
and a litle above that cam Broune river ynto it.
   Broune risith above Repaire park, and so cumming by it
goith after into Dernesse.
   Dernesse risith [\... TEXT INCOMPLETE IN THE MANUSCRIPT\]    #
and goith into Were
at [\... TEXT INCOMPLETE IN THE MANUSCRIPT\] 
   The towne self of Duresme stondith on a rokky hille: and
stondith as men cum from the south cuntre on the [{north{]
ripe of Were: the which water so with his course naturale in
a botom windith about, that from Elvet a greate stone bridge.
<P I,73>
of 14. arches it crepith about the toune to Framagate bridge
of 3. arches also on Were, that betwixt thes 2. bridges or a
litle lower at S. Nicolas the toune except the lenght of an
arow shot is brought (\in insulam\) : and sum hold opinion,     #
that
of auncient tyme Were ran from the place wher now Elvet
bridge is straite down by S. Nicolas now stonding on a
hille: and that the [{o{]ther course, part for pollicy and part
by digging of stones for building of the town and minstre,
was made a valley, and so the water-course was conveyid that
way, but I approve not ful this conjecture.
   The close itself of the minstre on the highest part of the
hille is welle waullid, and hath diverse fair gates. The chirch
self and the cloister be very strong and fair: and at the very
est end of the chirch is a crosse isle by side the midle crosse
isle the minstre chirch.
   The castelle stondith stately on the north est side of the
minstre, and Were rennith under it. The kepe stondith a
loft and is state buildid of viij. square fascion, and 4.       #
highes
of logginges. Bisshop Fox did much reparation of this
dungeon: and he made beside in the castelle a new kychen
with the offices and many praty chaumbers.
   Tunstal hath also done cost on the dungeon and other
places of the castel, and hath buildid a goodly new galery
and a stately stair to it, and made an exceding strong gate of
yren to the castelle.
   In that part of Duresme toun that is almost exclosid with
Were be 3. paroch chirches and a chapell. S. Oswaldes is
countid to be auncient. There be a 3. paroche chirches mo
in the suburbe.
   The greatest suburbe is by Elvet bridg, and hath certen
smaul streates.
   The suburbe over Framagate bridg hath 3. partes. the
south streat on the lift hand, the crosse streate on the midle
toward Akeland, and the 3. on the right hand, bering the
name of Framagate, and leding to Chester and to New-Castelle.
   The building of Duresme toun is meately strong, but it is
nother high nor of costely werke. There appere sum peaces
<P I,74>
of waulles of the toune joyning to a gate of the palace waul.
but the toun it self with yn the peninsula is but a smaul thing
in respect of cumpace of al the stately close: so that it
alonly may be caullid the waullid toune of Duresme.
   In the sanctuary or holy chirch yard or sanctuarie of
Duresme be very many auncient tumbes, it stondith on the
south side of the minster: and at the hedde of one of them
is a crosse of a 7. fote longe, that hath had an inscription of
diverse rowes yn it, but the scripture cannot be red. Sum
say that this crosse was brought out of the holy chirch yarde
of Lindisfarn isle.
   Weremouth is about an 8. miles from Duresme, and
about a vj. from Tinemouth, or rather Newcastel.
   There is no bridge memorable on Were beneth Duresme
but Chester bridge. Were cummith within a quarter of a
mile of the toun self [{of Chester{] .
   From Duresme over Framagate bridge to Chester in the
Streate, partely by a litle corne ground, but most by           #
mountainiouse 
pasture and sum mores and firres.
   Or I cam in Chester I saw scant half a mile of it Lomeley
Castel apon an hil, having praty wood about it, and about
Chester self is likewise sum wodde. The toune of Chester
is chiefly one streate of very meane building yn lenght: ther
is beside a smaul streat or 2. about the chirch; that is
collegiatid, and hath a dene and prebendaries, but it is of a
very meane building; and yn the body of the chirch is a
tumbe with the image of a bisshop yn token that S. Cuthberth
ons was buried or remained in his feretre there.
   At the very ende of the toune I passid over Conebrooke,
and ther is a fair stone bridge of 3. arches over it.
   Thens to Geteshed vij. miles by montaniouse ground
with pasture, heth, more, and fyrres. And a litle a this side
Getehed is a great cole pit.
   From Duresme over Elvet bridge to Sunderland bridges a
<P I,75>
2. miles and a half, there Were is devidid ynto 2. armes, and
after shortely meating makith an isle. The first bridg as I
cam over was but of one arche, the other was of 3. Thens
a mile and more of I cam over Burne broke that goith ynto
Were therabout, and a litle above on the hil is Burneham
Claxton's house. Burnham is a man of a hunderith mark
land by the yere. Then I rode thorough a great wod stonding
on a hille, and so cam by hilly, morisch and hethy ground to
S. Andres Akeland 8. miles from Duresme: and left hard on
my right hond one of the parkes of Akeland waullid with stone.
   At S. Andres Akeland the Dene of Akeland hath a great
house: especially for barnes and other houses of husbondry.
   From S. Andres Akeland to Raby Castel 5. miles, part by
arable but more by pastures and morisch hilly ground baren
of wood. Raby is the largest castel of logginges in al the
north cuntery, and is of a strong building, but not set other
on hil or very strong ground.
   As I enterid by a causey into it ther was a litle stagne on
the right hond: and in the first area were but 2. toures, one
at ech ende as entres, and no other buildid; yn the 2. area as
in entering was a great gate of iren with a tour, and 2. or 3.
mo on the right hond.
   Then were al the chief toures of the 3. court as in the hart
of the castel. The haul and al the houses of offices be large
and stately: and in the haul I saw an incredible great beame
of an hart. The great chaumber was exceding large, but now
it is fals rofid and devidid into 2. or 3. partes. I saw ther a
litle chaumber wherin was in windowes of colerid glasse al
the petigre of the Nevilles: but it is now taken doun and
glasid with clere glasse.
   There is a touer in the castel having the mark of 2.         #
capitale
B from Berthram Bulmer.
   There is another tower bering the name of Jane, bastard
sister to Henry the 4. and wife to Rafe Nevile the first Erl of
Westmerland.
   Ther long 3. parkes to Raby wherof 2. be plenishid with
dere. The midle park hath a lodge in it.
   And thereby is a chace bering the name of Langeley, and
hath falow dere: it is a 3. miles in lenght.
<P I,76>
   The king hath a forest of redde deere yn the more land at
Midleton an viij. miles west from Daraby. Dr. Noteres is
parson of Midleton.
   Stanthorp a smaul market toun is about half a mile from
Raby. Here is a collegiate chirch, having now a body and
2. isles. I hard that afore Rafe of Raby tyme ther was that
alonly that now is the south isle.
   In this south isle, as I hard, was buried the grauntfather
and grandedam of Rafe Raby, and they made a cantuarie
there. In the waul of this isle appere the tumbes and images
of 3. ladys, whereof one hath a crounet, and a tumbe of a man
child, and a flat tumbe, (\varii marmoris\) . Ther is a flat    #
tumbe
also with a playn image of brasse and a scripture, wher is
buried Richard sun and heire to Edward Lord of Bergevenny.
   This Edward was the fift sun of Daraby. Johanna Bewfort
was his mother. This Edward had another sun caullid
George, and was lord after: and he had Georg also lord, and
he left Henry now Lorde of Bergevenny.
   John by Rafes first wife was Lord Neville. Richard by
Johan his 2. wife was Erle of Saresbyri. Robert was Bisshop
of Duresme. Georg was Lord Latimer. Edward was Lord
Bergevenny, and, as I remembre, Rafe had William that was
Lord Falconbridge. Rafe Neville the first Erl of Westmerland 
of that name is buried yn a right stately tumbe [{of{]
alabaster yn the quire of Stanthorp College, and Margarete
his first wife on the lift hond of hym: and on the right hond
lyith the image of Johan his 2. wife, but she is buried at
Lincoln by her mother Catarine Swineford Duches of Lancaster.
   This Johan erectid the very house self of the college of
Stanthorp, it is set on the north side of the collegiate        #
chirch,
and is strongly buildid al of stone.
   The rennith by the north side of the college a bek caullid
Langley Bek. it risith a 5. [{miles{] of by west in the paroch
of Midleton, and cumming thorough Langeley takith the
name of it, and a mile or more beneth goith into Tese lower
then Salaby Mr. Brakenbyris place.
   From Stanthorp to Barnardes Castel by meately good
corne and pasture 5. miles. This is a meatly praty toun,
<P I,77>
having a good market and meatly welle buildid. The toun
self is but a part of Gaineford paroch, wher the hed chirch is
6. miles lower on Tese and in the bisshoprike. The castelle
of Barnard stondith stately apon Tese. The first area hath
no very notable thing yn it, but the fair chapelle, wher be 2.
cantuaries. In the midle of the body of this chapel is a fair
marble tumbe with an image and an inscription about it yn
French. Ther is another in the south waul of the body of
the chapelle of fre stone, with an image of the same. Sum
say that they were of the Bailliolles. The inner area is very
large, and partely motid and welle furnishid with toures of
great logging. ther belong 2. parkes to this castelle; the
one is caullid Marwood, and thereby is a chace that berith
also the name of Marwood, and that goith on Tese ripe up
into Tesedale.
   There is but a hil betwixt the chaces of Langeley and
Marwod.
   This is by a nere estimation the course of Tese:
   Yade More hath the hedde of Tese, then it takith a
course emong rokkes, and reseyving divers other smaul
hopes or bekkes, and cummith much by wild ground for
a 8. or x. miles to +Agleston bridge wel archid: then to
Barnard Castel bridge very fair of 3. arches: then to Perse
brid[{g{]e sumtime of 5. arches, but a late made new of 3.
arches.
   There is a prati chapel of our Lady hard by Perse bridg
[{of{] the fundation of [{John Bail{]liol King of [{Sco{]ttes.
   Thens to Crofte bridge 5. miles; and so to Yarham
bridge a [\... TEXT INCOMPLETE IN THE MANUSCRIPT\] miles; and   #
thens to Stokton, wher is a
fery, 3. miles; and so a 4. miles to Tesemouth.
   From Barnardes Castelle over the right fair bridge on Tese
of 3. arches I enterid straite into Richemontshire, that stil
streaccith up with that ripe to the very hed of Tese.
   From this bridge I ridde a mile on the stony and rokky
bank of Tese to the bek caullid Thuresgylle, a mile from
Barnardes Castelle, and there it hath a bridge of one arche
and straite enterith into Tese.
   The priory of Egleston joinith hard to this bekk and also
hanggith over the high bank of Tese.
<P I,78>
   Ther is a meatly good wood on eche side of Tese about
Barnardes Castel.
   I saw in the body of the chirch of Egleston to very fair
tumbes of gray marble. In the greatter was buried, as I
lernid, one Syr Rafe Bowes. and yn the lesser one of the
Rokesbys.
   Hard under the clif by Egleston is found on eche side of
Tese very fair marble, wont to be taken up booth by marbelers 
of Barnardes [{Castelle{] and of Egleston, and partly to
have be wrought by them, and partely sold onwrought to
other.

<S SAMPLE 2>
<P I,139>
   From Farley I ridde a mile of by woddy ground to a
graung great and welle buildid, that longid to Henton-priorie
of Chartusians. This priory stondith not far of from this
graunge on the brow of an hille abouth a quarter of a mile
from the farther ripe of Frome, and not far from this place
Frome goith ynto Avon.
   I rodde by the space of a mile or more by woddes and
mountaine grounde to a place, where I saw a rude stone
waulle hard on the right hond by a great lengthe as it had
beene a park waulle. One sins told me that Henton
priory first stode there, if it be so it is the lordship of
Hethorpe that was qyven to them for their first habitation.
   And about a mile farther I cam to a village, and passid
over a ston bridge where ranne a litle broke there they
caullid Mitford-water.
   This brooke risith in the rootes of Mendip-hilles a 7.
miles or more by west south west from this bridge, and goith
about a mile lower into Avon.
   From this bridge to Bath 2. good miles al by mountayne
ground and quarre, and litle wood in syte.
   About a mile from Bath I left the way that ledith to
Bristow for them that use from Saresbyri to Bristow.
   Or ever I cam to the bridge of Bath that is over Avon I
cam doun by a rokky hille fulle of fair springes of water: and
on this rokky hille is sette a longe streate as a suburbe to    #
the
cyte of Bath: and [{in{] this streat is a chapelle of S. Mary
Magdalen. Ther is a great gate with a stone arche at the
entre of the bridge.
<P I,140>
   The bridge hath v. fair stone arches.
   Bytwixt the bridge and the south gate of Bath I markid
fair medows on eche hand, but especially on the lift hond,
and they ly by south west on the toun.
   The cite of Bath is sette booth yn a fruteful and pleasant
botom, the which is environid on every side with greate
hilles, out of the which cum many springes of pure water
that be conveyid by dyverse ways to serve the cite. Insomuch 
that leade beyng made ther at hand many houses yn
the toune have pipes of leade to convey water from place to
place.
   There be 4. gates yn the town by the names of est, west,
north and south.
   The toune waulle within the toune is of no great highth
to theyes: but without it is (\a` fundamentis\) of a reasonable
highth. and it stondith almost alle, lakking but a peace about
Gascoyn's-tower.
   In the walles at this tyme be no tourres saving over the
toune gates.
   One Gascoyne an inhabitante of the toune (\in hominum
memoria\) made a litle peace of the walle that was in decay, as
for a fine for a faught that he had committid in the cite:
wherof one part as at a corner risith higher then the residew
of the walle, wherby it is communely caullid Gascoyne-tower.
   There be divers notable antiquitees engravid in stone
that yet be sene yn the walles of Bathe betwixt the south
gate and the weste gate: and agayn betwixt the west gate
and the north gate.
   The first was an antique hed of a man made al flat and
having great lokkes of here as I have in a coine of C. Antius.
   The secunde that I did se bytwene the south and the north
gate was an image, as I tooke it, of Hercules: for he held
yn eche hand a serpent.
   Then I saw the image of a foote man (\vibrato gladio &
praetenso clypeo\) .
<P I,141>
   Then I saw a braunch with leves foldid and wrethin into
circles.
   Then I saw ij. nakid imagis lying a long, the one imbracing
the other.
   Then I saw to antique heddes with heere as rofelid yn
lokkes.
   Then I saw a grey-hound as renning, and at the taile of
hym was a stone engravid with great Romane letters, but I
could pike no sentence out of it.
   Then I saw another inscription, but the wether hath except
a few lettres clere defacid.
   Then I saw toward the west gate an image of a man embracid 
with 2. serpentes. I took, it for Laocoon.
   Betwixt the weste and the north gate.
   I saw 2. inscriptions, of the wich sum wordes were evident
to the reader, the residew clene defacid.
   Then I saw the image of a nakid man.
   Then I saw a stone having (\cupidines & labruscas
intercurrentes\) .
   Then I saw a table having at eche ende an image vivid
and florishid above and beneth. In this table was an            #
inscription 
of a tumbe or burial wher in I saw playnly these wordes:
(\vixit annos xxx\) . This inscription was meately hole but     #
very
diffusely written, as letters for hole wordes, and 2. or 3.
letters conveid in one.
   Then I saw a. 2 images, wherof one was of a nakid manne
grasping a serpent in eche hand, as I tooke it: and this
image was not far from the north gate.
   Such antiquites as were in the waulles from the north gate
to the est, and from the est gate to the south, hath been
defacid by the building of the monastery, and making new
waulles.
   I much doubte wither these antique workes were sette in
the tyme of the Romans dominion in Britayne in the waulles
of Bath, as they stand now: or wither they were gatherid of
old ruines ther, and sins set up in the walles reedified in
testimonie of thantiquite of the toun.
   There be 2. springes of whote wather in the west south
west part of the towne. Wherof the bigger is caullid the
Crosse Bath, bycause it hath a cross erectid in the midle of
it. This bath is much frequentid of people deseasid with
<P I,142>
lepre, pokkes, scabbes, and great aches, and is temperate
and pleasant, having a 11. or 12. arches of stone in the sides
for men to stonde under yn tyme of reyne.
   Many be holp by this bathe from scabbes and aches.
   The other bathe is a 2. hunderith foote of, and is lesse in
cumpace withyn the waulle then the other, having but 7.
arches yn the waulle. This is caullid the Hote Bathe; for
at cumming into it men think that it wold scald the flesch
at the first, but after that the flesch ys warmid it is more
tolerable and pleasaunt.
   Both these bathes be in the midle of a litle streat, and
joine to S. John's hospitale: so that it may be thought that
Reginalde Bisshop of Bathe made this hospitale nere these 2.
commune bathes to socour poore people resorting to them.
   The Kinges Bathe is very faire and large standing almost
in the midle of the towne, and at the west end of the           #
cathedrale 
chirch.
   The area that this bath is yn is cumpassid with an high
stone waulle.
   The brimmes of this bath hath a litle walle incumpasing
them, and in this waul be a 32. arches for men and women
to stand separately yn. To this bath do gentilmen resort.
   Ther goith a sluse out of this bath, and servid in tymes
past with water derivid out of it 2. places in Bath priorie
usid for bathes: els voide; for in them be no springes.
   The colour of the water of the baynes is as it were a depe
blew se water, and rikith like a sething potte continually,
having sumwhat a sulphureus and sumwhat onpleasant savor.
   The water that rennith from the 2. smaul bathes goit by a
dike into Avon by west bynethe the bridge.
   The water that goith from the Kinges Bath turnith a mylle,
and after goith into Avon above Bath-bridge.
   In al the 3. bathes a man may evidently se how the water
burbelith up from the springes.
   Ther be withyn the walles of Bath [\... TEXT INCOMPLETE IN   #
THE MANUSCRIPT\] paroche chirchis,
of the which the tourrid steple of the paroche chirch at the
north gate semith to be auncient.
   There is a paroche chirch and a suburbe without the
north-gate.
<P I,143>
   There is an hospital of S. John hard by the Crosse Bathe,
of the fundation of Reginalde Bisshop of Bathe.
   The toun hath of a long tyme syns bene continually most
mayntainid by making of clothe.
   There were (\in hominum memoria\) 3. clothiers at one tyme,
thus namid, Style, Kent and Chapman, by whom the toun
of Bath then florishid. Syns the death of them it hath sumwhat 
decayed.
   It apperith in the booke of the antiquitees of the late
monasterie of Bath that King Osric in the year of our Lord
676, Theodore then beyng Arche-bisshop of Cantwarbyri,
did erect a monasterie of nunnes at Bath, and Bertane was
the first abbatisse therof.
   It apperith by a charte that one Ethelmod, a great man,
gave, by the leave of King +Adelrede, in Theodore               #
tharchbisshop 
of Cantwarbyri's tyme, landes to one Bernguid
abbatisse of Bath, and to one Foulcburc.
   The book of thantiquite of the abbay of Bath makith no
great mention of any great notable doyng of Offa King of the
Merches at Bathe.
   The prior of Bath told me, that after the nunnes tyme
ther wer secular chanons in S. Peter's chirch at Bath;
paraventure Offa King of Merches set them ther, for I have
redde that Offa did a notable act at S. Peter's in Bath. Or
els the chanons cam yn after that the Danes had racid the
nunry there.
   Eadgar was a great doer and benefactor to S. Peter's at
Bath, in whos tyme monkes were yn Bathe, and sins; except
Alfarus Erl of Merch, that was a scurge of monkes, expellid
them for a tyme.
   John a phisitian, born at Tours yn France, and made
Bisshop of Welles, did obteine of Henry the first to sette his
se at Bath; and so he had the abbay landes given onto hym,
and then he made a monk prior ther, deviding the old
possessions of the monastery with hym.
   This John pullid doun the old chirch of S. Peter at Bath,
and erectid a new, much fairer, and was buried in the midle
of the presbyteri thereof, whos image I saw lying there an 9.
yere sins, at the which tyme al the chirch that he made lay
to wast, and was onrofid, and wedes grew about this John
of Tours' sepulchre.
<P I,144>
   This John of Tours erectid a palace at Bath in the south
west side of the monasteri of S. Peter's at Bath; one gret
squar tour of it with other ruines yet appere.
   I saw at the same tyme a fair great marble tumbe ther
of a bisshop of Bath, out of the wich they sayid that oyle
did distille: and likely; for his body was enbaumid             #
plentifully.
   There were other divers bisshops buried ther.
   Oliver King Bisshop of Bath began of late dayes a right
goodly new chirch at the west part of the old chirch of S.
Peter, and finishid a great peace of it. The residue of it was
syns made by the priors of Bath: and especially by Gibbes
the last prior ther, that spent a great summe of mony on
that fabrike.
   Oliver King let almost al the old chirch of S. Peter's in
Bath to go to ruine. The walles yet stande.
   King Eadgar was crounid with much joy and honor at S.
Peter's in Bath; wherapon he bare a gret zeale to the towne,
and gave very great frauncheses and privileges onto it.
   In knowledge wherof they pray in al their ceremonies for
the soule of King Eadgar.
   And at Whitsunday-tyde, at the which tyme men say that
Eadgar there was crounid, ther is a king electid at Bath every
yere of the tounes men in the joyfulle remembraunce of King
Edgar and the privileges gyven to the toun by hym. This
king is festid and his adherentes by the richest menne of the
toun.
   From Bath to Palton al by hilly ground but plentiful of
corne and grasse an eight miles.
   From Palton to Chuton by like ground about a 2. miles.
   There is a goodly new high tourrid steple at Chuton.
   From Chuton to Welles by hilly ground but lesse fruteful
partely in Mendepe about a 5. miles.
   The toune of Welles is sette yn the rootes of Mendepe
hille in a stony soile and ful of springes, whereof it hath the
name. The chefest spring is caullid Andres welles, and
risith in a medow plot not far above the est end of the
cathedrale chirch, first renning flat west and entering into
Coscumb water sumwhat by south.
<P I,145>
   The toune of Welles is large. I esteme it to lak litle of a
2. miles in cumpace, al for the most part buildid of stone.
The streates have streamelettes of springes almost yn every
one renning, and occupiyth making of cloth. Mawdelyne
was a late a great clothiar yn Wellys, and so is now his
sunne.
   The chifest of the toun lyith by est and west, and sum
parte cast out with a streat by south, in the out part wherof
was a chapelle, as sum say, of Thomas Beket.
   Ther is but one paroch chirch in Welles, but that is large,
and standith in the west part of the toun: and is dedicate to
Sainct Cuthberte.
   There is an hospitale of 24. poore menne and wymen at
the north side of S. Cuthbertes chirch, there is a cantuary
preste. The hospitale and the chapelle is buildid al in
lenghth under one roofe from west to est. Nicolas Budwith
Bisshop of Bath was founder of this, and brought it almost
to the perfection, and that that lakkid was completid by one
John Storthwayt, one of the executors of the testament of
Bubwith.
   There was an other hospitale of S. John yn the town,
stonding hard on the ripe by south of S. Andreas streme.
This hospitale was foundid by [\... TEXT INCOMPLETE IN THE      #
MANUSCRIPT\] and Hughe, bisshops.
   Clerk Bisshop of Bath had a late this house gyven to hym
by the king for the lordship of Dogmeresfeld.
   There is a conduct in the market place derivid from the
bisshopes conduct by the licens of Thomas Bekington Bisshop 
sumtyme of Bath, for the which the burgeses ons a yere
solemply visite his tumbe, and pray for hys sowle.
   There be xij. right exceding fair houses al uniforme of
stone high and fair windoid in the north side of the market
place, joining hard to the north west part of the bisshop's
palace. This cumly peace of work was made by Bisshop
Bekington, that myndid, yf he had lyvid lengger, to have
buildid other xij. on the south side of the market steede,
the which work if he had complishid it had bene a spectable
to al market places in the west cuntery.
   Wyllyam Knight, now Bisshop of Bath, buildith a crosse
in the market place, a right sumptuus peace of worke: in the
<P I,146>
extreme circumference wherof be vij. faire pillers, and in
another circumference withyn them be vj. pillers and yn the
midle of this circumference one piller; al these shaul bere a
volte, and over the volte shaul be (\domus civica\) .
   The area afore the bisshop's palace lyith est of the market
stede, and hath a fair high waul toward the market stede,
and a right goodly gate house yn it, made of late by Bisshop
Bekingtun, as it apperith by his armes. On the south side
of this area is the bisshop's palace dichid brodely and waterid
about by the water of S. Andres streame let into it. This
palace ys strongely waullid and embateld castelle lyke, and
hath in the first front a godly gate house yn the midle, and
at eche end of the front a round towr, and 2. other round
towers be lykelyhod yn the southside of the palace, and then
is ther one at every corner. The haul of the palace ys          #
exceding 
fayre. The residew of the house is large and fair.
Many bisshops hath bene the makers of it, as it is now.
   The chanons of Welles had there houses, afore the            #
translation 
of the se to Bath, wher now the bisshop's palace is.
John of Tours first Bisshop of Bath put them out, and they
syns hath buildid them a xij. very faire houses, partely on
the north side of the cimitery of the cathedrale chirch,        #
partely
without. Bishop Bekington buildid the gate house at the
west ende of the cemiterie.
   The decanes place is on the northe side of the cimitery.
   Ther is at the est ende of the cimitery a volt and a gate,
and a galery over, made by Bekington.
   From Welles to Glessenbyri about a 5. miles from north
to south west.
   Fyrst yn the toune over S. Andres water by S. John's,
aboute a quarter of a mile out of Welles I passid over a
litle broket, an arme of S. Andres water or Welles water:
And ther as I passid over it I saw hard on the lifte hand a
stone bridge of one arche. This arme shortly after joynith
yn the medowes with the principal part of Welles water.
   And about half a mile beyond this bridg I passid over
another brook caullid Coscumbe water a bigger streme then
Welles water.
   I lernid there, that Welles water metith with Coscumbe
<P I,147>
water on the right hond not far from the causey, and so go
yn one botom to the mere.
   There is a castelle on an hille in this medow about Coscumb 
water, (\cujus ruinae adhuc apparent\) , communely caullid
Fenne-Castel.
   Cosecumbe broke risith a mile above Shepton, then to
Shepton, then to Coscumb a mile. Then to Dultingcote
bridge a 3. miles. Then about a mile (\dim.\) to the bridges
yn the way betuixt Welles and Glessenbyri.
   Then a mile or more of I cam to a praty streame of water
that at the stone bridge that I passid over cam doun by the
lifte hand: and hard above the bridge of one stone arche
brake ynto 2. partes, and therby I passid over 2. litle stone
bridgges.
   Then about half a mile farther I cam to a few houses, and
so enterid into a very great playne medow of 6. or 7.
miles about in cumpace by estimation, and so passid about
a mile farther by a causey onto Hartelake bridg of one
arche of stone.
   As much of this playne medow or more as is weste of this
causey (\cis pontem de Hertlak\) is caullid Cranelmore.
   That part that lyith by est of it, is caullid Seggemore.
   The water of Sowey cummith thorough this bridge of
stone, and risith in the rootes of Mendepe-hille by est at
Doulting village owte of a welle bering the name of S.
Aldelm.
   A mile by est or ever this streame cum to Hartelak bridg
ther is an arme cast out by force out of Sowey water, and a
marsch walle made by mennys policy betwixt this arme
forcid out and the principale streame of Sowey, and this
waulle continuith to Hartelak bridge, and mile lower: and
then booth go soone after into the mere. If this marsch
waulle were not kept, and the canales of eche partes of
Sowey river kept from abundance of wedes, al the plaine
marsch ground at sodaine raynes wold be overflowen, and
the profite of the meade lost.
   From Harkeley bridg I passid by a litle bridge over the
arme of Sowey.
   As much of this more or medow ground that lyith beyond
<P I,148>
Hartelake bridge by west south west is caullid                  #
Glessenbyri-More.
   From Hartlake bridg I passid by a low about a quarter of
a mile: and then I conscendid by a litle and a litle to hilly
ground a hole miles ryding, and so enterid into Glessenbyri.
   The chief streate and longgest of the towne of Glessenbyri 
lyith by est and weste, and at the market crosse in
the west ende there is a streate by flat south and almost
northe.
   There is a market kept in Glessenbyry every weke on the
Wensday.
   Ther be 2. paroche chirchis yn Glessenbyri, S. John
Baptiste on the north side of the principal streat of the       #
toune.
This is a vary fair and lightsum chirch: and the est part of
it is very elegant and isled.
   The body of the chirch hath [\... TEXT INCOMPLETE IN THE     #
MANUSCRIPT\] arches on eche side.
The quier hath 3. arches on eche side.
   The quadrate tour for belles at the west end of the
chirch is very high and fair.
   Ther lyith on the north side of the quier one Richard        #
Atwell 
that died (\circa annum D.\) 1472. This Atwelle did
much cost in this chirch, and gave fair housing that he had
buildid in the toune onto it. In Latten called (\ad fontem\) .
   Johanna wife to Atwelle lyith buried in a lyke marble
tumbe on the south side of the quier.
   Ther lyith one Camel a gentilman in a fair tumbe in the
south part of the transept of the chirch.
   Briwetun river cummith from Briwetun x. miles of to the
west part of the toun of Glessenbyri, and so rennith to the
mere a 2. miles lower.
   Or ever this river cum to Glessenbyri by a mile it cummith
to a bridge of stone of a 4. arches comunely caullid            #
Pontperlus, 
wher men fable that Arture cast in his swerd.
   The river brekith at this bridge ynto 2. partes, wherof the
principalle goith to Glessenbyri.
   The other goith thoroug low morisch grounde, and metith
<P I,149>
again with the principal streame or ever that it goith into
the mere.
   The mere is as at high waters in winter a 4. miles in        #
cumpace, 
and when it is lest a 2. miles and an half, and most
communely 3. miles.
   This lak or mere is a good mile yn lenght: and at the
ende of it toward west it cummith again (\in alveum\) , and     #
going
about a mile it brekith ynto 2. armes, whereof the one goith
to Highe-bridge, the other to Rookes-bridge, and so the
armes goith a sundre to the by crekes.
   From Wellys by south to Doultingcote bridge of stone,
under the whiche Coscumbe water rennith about a mile al
by very ille rokky way.
   Thens I passid about a mile more by lyke ground, and
this far I saw sum store of elme wood.



