<B CMCHAULI>
<Q MX/4 EX SCIM CHAUL>
<N CYRURGIE>
<A X>
<C MX/4>
<O X>
<M 1420-1500>
<K X>
<D EMO>
<V PROSE>
<T SCIENCE MEDICINE>
<G TRANSL>
<F LATIN>
<W WRITTEN>
<X X>
<Y X>
<H X>
<U PROF>
<E X>
<J X>
<I X>
<Z EXPOS>
<S SAMPLE X>


[^THE CYRURGIE OF GUY DE CHAULIAC.
EARLY ENGLISH TEXT SOCIETY, 265.
ED. M. S. OGDEN.
LONDON, 1971.
PP. 56.26 - 65.7    (SAMPLE 1)
PP. 576.1 - 583.2   (SAMPLE 2)^]

<S SAMPLE 1>
<P 56>
[}THE 6=TE= CHAPITLE, OF +TE ANOTHOMYE OF +TE WOMBE AND OF HIS
PARTIES.}]

   The wombe is euene-voycely departed in two, as of +tis       #
present.
Firste, it is taken for +tat +tat +te Arabyque translacioun     #
clepe+t
it, +te stomak. +Te stomak forso+te in +te translacioun of      #
Grew is
cleped mery or ysophagus. In +te Arabique translacioun +te      #
stomak
forso+te is cleped +te wombe. In +te secounde, it is taken for  #
al +te
regioun of +te nutrityues, and so it is taken here.
   Aboute +te whiche seche we, after Mundyne, +too 9
+tinges +te whiche be+t sou+gt in o+ter membres. First, of his  #
general
pocicioun and site, it seme+t +tat it is of +te regioun of +te  #
spiritual
<P 57>
membres. Of +te particuler pocycyoun and si+gte, seynge +tat    #
+te
mow+te parte +terof is toward +te forcelle (+te whiche olde     #
men cleped
+te precordial), +te parte of +te stomak is +terfro at +tre     #
fynger brede
nygh +te wombe. The wombe parte or sumealis is fro +te nauel
dounward. +Te ypocondres be+t fro +te side vnder +te rybbes,    #
+te
ylyons forso+te ben aboue +te haunches.
   The nombre of +te parties of +te wombe and +te anothomye
+terof may not wel be seyn but as it was saide aboue. Be +te    #
wombe
opened after +te leng+te and ouer+twarte. And it is so open,    #
by +te
conteynynge parties considered and partes conteyned. The        #
conteyninge
partes in +te former partie bee+t myrac and syfac, and +te
hynder partye bee+t +te 5 spondiles of +te reynes and +te       #
flesche
iputte to ham. Myrac is made substancially of 4 partes, +tat    #
is to
say, of a skynne, of fatnesse, of a fleschy pannycle, and of    #
muscles
of the whiche comen cordes. Syphac is but a pannycle            #
wi+tynneforth
drawynge to +tilke myrac. Of +te whiche +tinges, differens
appereth bytwene myrac and syphac.
   The conteyned parties bee+t 7: first is zirbus, +tan +te     #
intestestynes,
and after, +te stomak, +te lyuer, +te mylte, +te mesenterie     #
and +te
reynes, for +te bledder and +te moder schal be saide in +te     #
anothomye
of +te haunches. Of the whiche it is to pursewe by ordre. And
firste, of +te skynne, of +te fatnesse and of +te fleschy       #
pannycle, it is
knowen to alle men.
   Brawnes bee+t made in +te wombe for to streng+te. And        #
+terwith
+tay helpen o+ter membres to caste oute her superfluytees (i.   #
fil+tes).
And +tay bee+t 8 in nombre, after Galien in (\4=to= De          #
Vtilitate\) and
(\6=to= Terapeutice\) , +tat is to say, two longitudinales (i.  #
longe synowes),
goyng fro +te schelde of +te stomak vnto +te bones of +te       #
reynes, and
two latitudynalles (i. brode synowes), goyng fro +te bak aboue  #
+te
wombe, +twartynge hemself by +te myddel of +te wombe to 4       #
for+tri+gt
and ouer+twartynge corners. Wherof two springen
of +te ribbes of +te ri+gt side, and +tai passen to +te left    #
side of +te hepe
bone and of +te schare. And o+ter two spryngen of +te lefte     #
ribbes,
passynge to +te ri+gt side of +te forsaide bones, in crossynge  #
ham by
+te myddel of +te wombe to +te schappe of +te lettre x.
   Thise muscles ikuytte and lefte vp, syphac appereth, +te     #
whiche
<P 58>
is cleped perytoneum. And it is saide of pary, +tat is aboute,  #
and
of tendo, +tat is goyng, as it were goynge aboute. +Te whiche   #
is
a ful neruouse pannycle, sutil and harde, and +tat for +tey     #
schulde
lette +tat +te muscles schulde not +triste the natural          #
membres, and
+tat it may be spred and constreyned to +te kynde of o+ter      #
membres,
and +tat it be not li+gtly broken and +tat +te contentes schal  #
not goo
out, as it happe+t in crepatures (i. burstynges), and +tat it   #
schulde
bynde +te intestynes to +te bak. And it is ordeyned +tat it     #
schulde
helpe +te membres to caste out +to +tinges +tat bee+t to be     #
caste oute.
And so is +te disposicioun schewed of +te conteynynge parties   #
of
+tilke wombe.
   Of +te whiche it is schewed +tat Galien sai+t in (\6=to=     #
Terapeutice\)
+tat woundynges and kyttynges ben more perilouse and more harde
aboute +te myddel of +te wombe +tan aboute sides, for +too      #
parties
of +te intestynes be+t more drawynge togedre and able to passe
for+te +tan +tat o+ter parties. It seme+t also +tat, in +te     #
woundes of +te
wombe persynge, but if siphac be sewede wi+t myrac, gode        #
incarnacioun
schal not be made.
   +Tise +tinges iseyne, it is to goo to +te contentes          #
wi+tynne +te
wombe, where +tat zirbus come+t first, +tat is cleped of Galien
omentum or ephiglotum, of epy, +tat is aboue, and plenum, +tat  #
is
to seme, as it were semynge aboue al. The whiche is a pannycle
wrappynge and coueryng +te stomak and intestynes wi+t two       #
+tikke
and sotil tunycles to ham iputte togidre, ordeyned of many
arteries, of veynes and nou+gt of litel fatnesse, to hete +te   #
forsaide
membres and +te ribbes, in (\4=to= De Vtilitate, capitulo 14.\) #
Whos
bygynnynge is of +te parties after +te bak of +te peritone. Of  #
+te
whiche +te forsaide periles ben schewed when it goo+t
oute in woundes of +te wombe, for it is li+gtliche altrede for  #
+te fatnesse.
And it is to be bounden and nou+gt kytte, dredyng +te
emorogye, after Galien in (\Terapeutice, loco prealligato\) .
   After forso+te, for +tat +te intestynes letten +te si+gt of  #
+te anothomye
of o+ter membres, of ham is to be saide. The intestynes         #
forso+te ben
wroght of two tunycles to fulfille +te firste digestioun,       #
i-ordeyned
to +geue chilum (i. +te dygeste mater) to +te lyuer, medlynge   #
+te vynes
myserayces, and to putte oute +te stynkynge superfluyte.
<P 59>
   The nombre of +te intestynes is 6. And +togh +tay be alle    #
contynue,
neuer+telatter +tei haue dyuers schappes and offices, by +te    #
whiche
+tai bee+t departed, +tat is to say, 3 smale and as many        #
grete, whos
cathologe is put of Galien, (\4=to= De Vtilitate, capitulo      #
26=o=\) . The
firste gutte forso+te after +te wombe is +te portonarye or +te  #
duodene.
The secounde, (\ieiunium,\) +te ieiune. +Te 3 is subtile (i.    #
+te smalle
gutte). +Te four+te is +te blynde gutte. +Te 5, coloun. +Te 6   #
is of +te
euene gutte, in +te whiche be+t muscles after +te ende, +te     #
whiche
rwelen +te superfluytees.
   And +tat +te anothomye may be +te bettre seyne, it is to     #
begynne
at +te laste gutte, +tat is cleped rectum, +te euen gutte or    #
(\longaon\) .
And for +te drastes schal not lette, be it ibounden toward +te  #
ouer
ende in two places. And be it kytte in +te myddel of the        #
byndynge,
and by +te lower parte ilefte. And be it proceded in            #
vnfleschynge
til it come nygh +te flankes, where +te gutte colon bygynne+t,  #
+tat is
grete and holowe, in +te whiche +te feces (i. drastes) taken    #
her
fourme or colour. And it ha+t wel two arme leng+te, and it      #
bowe+t
toward +te lefte reyne. And in ascendynge toward +te mylte, it
turne+t a+geyne itself in +te fur+ter partie to +te ri+gt side  #
of +te stomak
vnder +te +tridde mantel of +te lyuer, where it resceyue+t a    #
manere
porcioun of colre, +te whiche excite+t hym to caste out. And in
turnynge a+gen, it descendeth to +te right reyne to +te ende    #
of +te
haunche, where +tat +te one-ey+ged or blynde gutte bygynne+t,   #
for
it is nou+gt seyn to haue but one hole, +togh it haue two ful
nygh togedre. By +tat one +te mater go+t yn, and by +tat o+ter  #
it gooth
oute. It is also cleped (\saccus\) , a sek, to +te manere of    #
the stomak, for
it is +tat o+ter stomak. And it is schorte, of a good hond      #
brede. And
+tat for nyghede +te whiche it hath to +te schares and for it   #
is nou+gt
wel bounden, it goo+t downe li+gtly in burstynge into +te       #
codde, after
Auicen.
   And fro +tat sprynge+t yleon, +te whiche is a smal and a     #
longe gutte,
wel of 7 or 8 arme leng+te. And it is moche folden togedre      #
aboute
+te flankes and +te bak.
   After forso+te, +tou schal fynde (\ieiunium\) , +te ieiune   #
or +te fastande
gutte, so icleped of voydenesse imade of a multitude of +te     #
veynes
myseracies and also of a porcioun of colre isente bytwene hym   #
and
+te portonarie. To whom +te duodene is conteyned, so icleped    #
for
his leng+te is of 12 fynger brede. And it is also cleped +te    #
portonarie
of office, for it is +te lower gate of +te stomak, as mery is   #
+te ouer.
<P 60>
   Of +te whiche +tou may see in +te passiouns of +te guttes    #
+te
fyndynge of clisteries and places where +te remedies schal be   #
layde
to, for in +te colique +tay schal be layde in +te former        #
partie and
aboute +te lefte parte and +te ri+gt, and in yliaca passione    #
aboute +te
sides. Also +tou schalt mowe see +tat +te woundes of +te smale  #
guttes
be+t not icured, for +tay bee+t moste pannyculouse. +Te woundes
forso+te of +te grete guttes be+t somtyme cured (i. heled),     #
for +tai
bee+t more fleisshy.
   And +tat +tou schal +te bettre see o+ter membres, it is      #
good to
bynde toward +te portonarie and to kytte as +tou dedest aboue,
and be +te guttes drawen out. And firste, if +tou wilt, +tou    #
schalt
see +te mesenterie, +tat is no +ting elles but a weuynge of     #
+te veynes
myserayces innumerable, ibraunched of a veyne icleped (\porta
epatis\) , +te gate of +te lyuer, to +te intestynes. And it is  #
couered and
warisshed of pannycles and of ligamentes ioynynge togedre +te
intestynes wi+t +te bak. It is comuneliche cleped rodol and is  #
ful of
fatnesse and of glandulouse flesche, +te whiche schal see
departed fro +te intestynes. And it +trowen out, +tow schalt    #
see +te
anothomye of +te stomak.
   The stomak or +te wombe is +te instrument of +te firste      #
digestioun,
gendrynge chilum (i. +te natural moysture). Wher+torwe as +te
veynes myserayces bee+t arrayers of +te digestioun (i.          #
defieng) of
+te lyuer, so is +te mowth, of +te stomak. Wherof, as Auicen    #
sei+t,
norisshynge in chewyng ha+t some digestioun. To whom mery or
ysophagus serue+t in +te ouer partie to lede metes to +te       #
same. And
+te intestynes with +te myserays serue+t to +trowe oute noyeng
+tinges and to departe or to dele +te profitable +tinges        #
digestede and
chylosate in it. It is forso+te as it were a comune spense of   #
alle +te
particles (i. membres), ordeyned isette in +te myddel of a      #
beste,
after Galien, (\4=to= De Vtilitate, capitulo primo\) . And      #
+togh it be
putte in +te myddel vnder +te breste bone, neuer+telatter +te   #
ouer
partie +terof boweth a litel to +te left side toward +te        #
12=te= spondile,
where +tat +te mydrede endeth; +te ne+ter partie forso+te, to   #
+te ry+gte.
His acte (i. dede) forso+te is to defie propurly by +te hete    #
of +te
carnuositee (i. fulflesshyhede) of his bothme, as Auicen sai+t, #
and
by o+ter hetes geten of his neygheboures. It hath forso+te the  #
lyuer
on +te right half, as it were above, makynge hym warme wi+t his
lappes or fyngres, and +te splene in +te left half              #
ouer+twartynge,
<P 61>
wi+t his fatnesse and veynes sendynge +terwi+t to hym           #
melancolie
to exite +te appetite. And it hath aboue, +te herte, wi+t his   #
arteries
quyckyng, and +te brayne to be feled to hym, and a braunche of
synowes toward +te ouer partie defienge. It ha+t also, on +te   #
bak
half, +te veynes kyalym and aborthi descendynge and many        #
lygamentes,
wi+t the whiche it is bounden to +te spondyles of +te reynes.
And so is schewed his acte, his pocicioun and his fastynge.   
   The nombre forso+te of his parties, as it was saide of       #
mery, and
of +te two tunycles, +tat is to say, the fleschy wi+toute and   #
+te
neruouse (i. synowy) wi+tynne, wi+t longe flockes to
drawyng, wi+t ouer+twartynge to wi+tholdyng, and brode to       #
+trowe
out. The schappe of it and +te figure is rounde and euelong to  #
+te
manere of a croked gourde, so in crokyng +tat the forsaide      #
mow+tes
bee+t +te hyeste parties of +te body +terof, to +tat +tat an    #
vnavised
goyng oute of +te contentis schal not be made. The open         #
quantite
holdeth comuneliche +tre pyntes of wyne. It may suffre many     #
sekenessis.
In helynge we bene helped by anothomye, for the remedyes
may comforte to +te ouer partie aboute +te parte of +te 12      #
spondyles
and in +te former partie on +te forcelle and nyhand to +te      #
nauel.
   Folowyngly it is to say of +te lyuer. The lyuer is +te       #
instrument
of +te secounde digestioun and gendrer of blode, isette in +te  #
ri+gte
side vnder +te fauce ribbes. It ha+t a croked schappe and       #
bowgynge
toward +te ribbes and holowe towarde +te stomak, wi+t 5         #
lappettes
or mantelles takynge or haldynge togedre aboue +tat stomak to   #
+te
manere of an hande. And +te lyuer, as o+ter bowels, ha+t a      #
pannycle
coueryng hym, to +te whiche a lytel synowe come+t by way of
felynge. That lyuer forso+te wi+t his pannycle is bounden wi+t  #
+te
mydrede and by consequent wi+t +te ouer, strong lygamentes and
wi+t the stomak, wi+t the bak and wi+t the intestynes. And it   #
ha+t
fastnynge with ham and wi+t the herte, wi+t the reynes and also
wi+t +te priue stones and wi+t alle +te membres.
   The substaunce of +te lyuer is rede and flesshy as it were   #
clodrede
blood, graffed yn by all of veynes and of arteries, as it       #
schal be
saide. The lyuer forso+te, +togh it be made of many +tinges,    #
neuer+telatter
it ha+t a symple particle, +tat is to say flesshe, by +te       #
whiche
+te bygynnynge of bledynge and of veynes is hadde. For, after
+tat Galien sai+t in (\2=o= De Virtutibus Naturalibus, capitulo #
vltimo\) ,
<P 62>
and in (\4=to= De Vtilitate, capitulo 5=to=\) , as +tre         #
substaunces ben made
of muske by boyllynge, so +tre substaunces ben made of +te      #
chyle
by decoccioun (i. se+tinge) in the lyuer, +tat is to wyten,
two superfluytees and oo natural substaunce comune to +te
humours, wi+t a watryhede. And by oure comune scole it is       #
cleped 
massa sanguinaria, conteynynge in it +tre natural and           #
nutrimental
(i. norisshynge) substaunces, as it is schewed fulliche in      #
(\2=o= De
Elementis.\)
   Thise 4 humours +terfore, +te whiche ben gendred of +te      #
chile
in +te lyuere, as it is saide, ben twofolde: some ben natural
(i. kyndely), so cleped of +te kyndelyhede of norisshynge, and  #
some
ben nou+gt natural (i. nou+gt kyndely). The natural humours     #
be+t 
sende wi+t the blood to gendre and to norisshe all +te body.    #
The
innatural humours ben voyded away and sente to dewe places for
some manere helpynges, or +tay be +trowen oute. +Tay bee+t      #
sente
fro the body, as colera to +te hucche of +te galle,             #
melancolye to +te
splene (i. mylte), flewme to +te ioyntes, and +te watry         #
superfluyte
to +te reynes and to +te bledder. +Tay ben +trowen out of +te   #
body,
and +tai gone wi+t the blood. And somtyme +tay be+t rotede, and
+tay maken feueres. And some ben +trowe out to +te skynne,
and +tay be+t resolued insensibly or ellis sensibly (i. +tat    #
may
be feled) by swetynge or by scabbe or by bleynes or by          #
apostemes.
   Ther be+t +terfore 4 natural humours and 4 innatural and a
watryhede, +te whiche olde men named blood, flewme, colre and
melancolie. The whiche, igendred in +te lyuer, ben deled by     #
+tis
manere: in +te holownesse of +te lyuere goo+t oute a veyne      #
icleped
(\porta\) (i. +te gate), +te whiche, iparted wi+t innumerable   #
smale veynes
myseraices isette in +te stomak and in +te intestynes, drawen   #
and
beren al +te iuse of +te chyle to +te lyuer. And +tat veyne     #
wi+t his
rootes todele+t it al by +te lyuer. Fro +te bowge forso+te of   #
+te same
lyuer, a veyne goo+t oute, icleped (\vena concaua\) (i. the     #
holowe
veyne) or kilis (+te kyle), +te whiche also, wi+t his rootes    #
metynge
wi+t the o+ter, drawen oute of all +te lyuer +te blood          #
igendred in it.
And +tat veyne in braunching vpward and dounward, as
it was saide aboue, todele+t and bere+t +tat blood to norisshe  #
al +te
<P 63>
body, where +tat +te +tridde and four+te digestioun is made.    #
Also
fro +te lyuer his propre wayes and nekke goon oute, berynge of  #
+te
forsaide digestioun to here owne places, +te whiche schal be    #
saide.
Of +te whiche +te acte, +te pocicioun, +te substaunce and +te   #
accorde
is schewed, +te whiche ben soghte in +te lyuer as in o+ter
membres. 
   Now it is to say of sekenessis. +Te lyuer, after +tat +ge    #
see, may
suffre many sekenessis, of +te whiche +te bledynge is hurte,    #
+te
whiche is his owne dede, and an euel humour and +te ydropisy is
made. Wherfore +te ydropises is errour of +te digestioun in +te
lyuer, after Galien in (\Libro de Virtutibus\) and (\6=to= De   #
Egritudine
et Sinthomate\) . Also it seme+t of +te forsaide +tinges +tat   #
+te medicyne
of +te lyuer schal be applied (i. laide to) in +te ri+gt side.  #
And for +te
substaunce +terof, +tai schal haue some stekynge.
   After +te anothomye of +te lyuer it is to say of +te         #
particles to +te
whiche the superfluytees be+t sente, now igendred in it, as it  #
is
saide, and firste in +te hucche of +te galle. The hucche of     #
+te galle
is a manere purse or a pannyculouse bledder, isette in +te      #
holownesse
of +te lyuer aboute the myddel mantel or lappette, ordeyned
to resceyue +te colerique superfluyte +te whiche is gendred in  #
it.
The whiche purse forso+te ha+t two mow+tes or nekkes i-oned to
some distaunce, after Mundyne. Oone is dressed towarde +te
myddel of +te lyuer to resceyue colre, +tat o+ter to +te botme  #
of +te
stomak and to +te intestynes to mundefie (i. clense) and to     #
+trowe
oute colre to ham for +te forsaide profites. Of +te whiche      #
appere+t
+te si+gte and +te place, +te acte, +te substaunce, +te         #
schappe and the
accorde. +Ge may see +te quantite and +tat +tat is conteyned    #
in it; it
holde+t happely a glasseful. +Ge may also considre +tat it may  #
suffre
opilaciouns (i. stoppynges), bo+te in +te propre nekke and in   #
+te
comune. When +te stoppynges be+t in +te comune, +tan colre is
noght drawen ne +trowen oute, but it leue+t wi+t +te blood,     #
and it
cytryne+t +te vryne and al +te body. And whan +tei bee+t
in +te propre, +te helpynges faille+t +te whiche it maki+t in   #
+to
membres to +te whiche it was byquethed, and it gendre+t euel
accidentes, after Galien in (\6=to= De Egritudine et            #
Sinthomate\)
and
(\5=to= Interiorum\) .
<P 64>
   The splene (i. mylte) is +te resceyuour of +te melancolique  #
superfluyte,
igendred in +te lyuer, in +te lefte side bowynge ouer+twartly.
Whos substaunce is +tenne, spongyouse and blakker +tan +te      #
substaunce
of +te lyuer. It ha+t an euelong schappe, as it were            #
fourecornered.
And it is bounden by his pannycle wi+t +te ribbes after
his bowgynge and after +te holownesse wi+t +te stomak and wi+t
zirbus. The splene ha+t two waies. By +tat oone he drawe+t the
forsaide superfluyte fro +te lyuer, and by +tat o+ter he        #
sende+t it to
+te stomak for +te forsaide helpynges. The splene may suffre    #
many
sekenessis, most redely hardenessis and stoppynges for +te      #
forsaide
mater. And if +te lyuer suffre defaute of clensynge of +tise,
+tan +te body is made +tynne and discolored. And if it suffre   #
defaute
of sendynge to +te stomak, +te appetite is hurte, as +tise be   #
redde
afore. The soluciouns of contynuhede in it ben nou+gt so        #
perilouse
as in +te lyuer. +Te splene suffre+t stronger medicynes +tan    #
+te lyuer.
It is purged properly by +te wombe. it is heled or leched       #
aboute
+te lefte side, as Galien sai+t (\3=o= Terapeutice\) .
   +Te reynes ben particles (i. membres) ordeyned to clense +te
blood fro watri superfluyte, and +tay bee+t two: oon in +te     #
ri+gt side
nygh +te lyuer, ano+ter in +te left side lower +tan +tat        #
o+ter. The
substaunce of ham is fleschy and harde. +Tai bee+t forso+te in  #
schappe
rounde as +tirsten egge. And +tay hauen in hem holownessis in   #
+te
whiche +tat is resceyued +tat is drawen of ham. In ay+ter of    #
hem
bee+t two nekkes. By +tat oone +tai drawen a watrihede fro +te  #
veyne
kyle and by consequent (i.lyke resoun) of +te lyuer. And by     #
ano+ter
+tai sende +tat watrihede +tat is cleped vryne to +te bledder.  #
To +te
reynes comen veynes, arteries and synowes, of +te whiche a      #
pannycle
of hem is made, wi+t the whiche +te reynes ben bounden to
+te bak. The reynes ha+t talowy fatnes al aboute. The lynes
ben behynde +te reynes nexte +te spondyles vpon +te whiche +tay
lyen as in here pylowe or softenesse. Bytwene bo+te +te reynes
aboue +te spondyles gone +te veynes kylis and abhorti to +te    #
lower
membres. Of +te whiche veynes ful nyghe ham spryngen +te        #
vesselles
of +te sperme, of +te whiche it schal be saide wi+tynne. The
reynes may suffre many sekenessis, nameliche opilaciouns (i.    #
stoppynges)
and stones. +Te manere of curynge +ge schal see ful harde
in any wise.
   The whiche +tinges forso+te iseyne, he may caste away all
<P 65>
excepte +te stomak (if +te anothomye schal be made of +te ouer
membres) and +te reynes, to see +te anothomye of +te lower      #
membres.
And +tan +tou schalt byholde +te nombre and quantite of +te     #
spondiles
(i. +te lynkes ioynt or bones of +te bak). And +tow schalt      #
fynde ham
5 gretter +tan o+ter, by +te whiche 5 paire of synowes          #
descenden fro
+te nuke (i. +te marye of the rygge bone) to al +te wombe and   #
to the
parties of +te +tighes and of +te grete feet.           

<S SAMPLE 2>
<P 576>
[}THE FOUR+TE CAPITLE, OF WIRCHYNGES AND OF +TE CRAFT OF +TE
ARRAYENGE OF MEDECYNES +TE WHICHE ACCORDEN IN +TE CRAFT OF
CIRURGIE.}]

   It is nedefulle and ful profitable ful ofte to leches, and   #
moste to
cirurgens, +tat +tai conne helpe and make and mynistre also +te
helpes of seke men, for +tat it happe+t ham ofte tymes to       #
wirche in
places in +te whiche apotecaries be noght founden, and if +tai  #
be
founden, +tai ben nou+gt so gode ne connynge in euery +ting.    #
Neuer+telatter
+tere ben many pore men +te whiche may not by +te propre
+tinges and preciouse, +te whiche it byhoue+t to passe with     #
commune
+tynges. And +terfore the lore and +te manere of knowynge of
symple +tinges is +geuen of Galien in +te firste bokes of       #
Symple
Medecynes by +te substaunce, by smelle, by +te taste and suche
o+tere. And +te manere of +te makynge of compownede medecynes
is in 17 bokes of +te Makynge of Medecynes, of +te whiche x ben
cleped (\Al Meamur\) and 7 (\Cathagenes\) , as Haly bereth      #
witnesse in
(\fine Tegni.\)
   So forsothe saith Galien hymself sometyme to haue made (as
he sai+t in (\6=to= Meamur\) ), beynge sometyme in a felde,     #
wantynge
diamoron in one +tat hadde sekenesse in +te +trote, and he
fonde dyanucum. As it is saide in (\xi=o= Terapeutice\) , he    #
toke wormode
in a pore leche +tolyng an aposteme in the lyuer, +tat myght
noght by oleum nardinum.
   I also vsed neuere to go oute of citees but +tat I wolde     #
bere with
me +te purses of clisteries and some commune +tinges. And I     #
sought
herbes by +te feldes with +te forsaide maneres to helpe +te     #
seke men 
sone. And so I bare away +tanke and plente of frendes, and in   #
+te
mene while +te propre medecynes were ordeyned and procured.
   Certeynly it is profitable also to konne many medecynes, for
alle +tinges ben noght founden in alle places, as it was        #
allegged in
(\Meamur\) aboue in +te boke of apostemes of +te eres. And +tat #
+tat
conforte+t in one houre conforte+t noght in ano+ter houre. And
+tat +tat profite+t to one noye+t to ano+ter. And al +tat is    #
for dyuerste
of +te particulere complexioun of +te folke and of +te helpes,  #
+te
whiche may not be schewed vnder certeyne lettres, as he saide   #
in
(\3=o= Terapeutice.\)
   For +te whiche it is to wite +tat +te wirchynges of thinges  #
+tat
longen to cirurgie ben departed after +te vertues +tat ben in   #
ham
and +tai haue to done ham in manis body, +te whiche ben         #
nombrede
<P 577>
+trefolde of Galien and of Averoys in 5=to=. Somme ben +te      #
firste, +te
whiche ben clepede +te complexionales and qualitatifz, for      #
+tai come
of +te qualitees of elementes, as +tai ben +tat +geuen and      #
maken hete,
coldenesse, dryenesse and moystenesse. And some ben +te         #
secounde
complexiouns, for +tai folowe +te forsaide firste complexions,  #
+te
whiche ben cleped +te substanciales in here manere, as +tai     #
+tat haue
to smyte a+geyne, to drawe, to resolue, to softene, to rype,    #
to clense,
to sowde togidre, to make +te flesche to growe a+geyne and      #
also to
lisse ak+te. And some ben of +te +tridde +tat haue to do +tis   #
in certeyn
membres, the whiche in here manere ben cleped speciales
or formales, as laxatyf medecynes and medecyne +tat maken to    #
pisse
and medecynes also +tat maken +te si+gt bri+gt and scharpen +te
herynge and suche o+tere.
   The whiche wirchynges forso+te, after +te mynde of Avicen in
(\2=o= Canonum\) , ben sometyme made symple sometyme in here
manere, as ben roses, camomylle and planteyne. And sometyme
+tai ben made compownede, as ben oyles, oynementz, emplastres,
wateres, softe plastrynges, powdres and soche o+tere.
   Neuer+telatter it is more worthi to wirche with simple       #
medecynes,
who +tat may, +tan with compownede medecynes, for +tat
many +tinges comen togidre in compownede medecynes +te whiche
may noght accorde into one +ting, as it was schewed in (\13=o=  #
Terapeutice.\)
And +terfore saide Maister Arnalde +tat he +tat myght hele
with symple medecynes, he seche+t compownede sorowfully or in
veyne. Neuer+telatter nede constreyne+t sometyme, as he sai+t,  #
to
make medecynes of dyuerse +tinges when +tat a symple medecyne
is nought founden my+gti to fulfille profitably +te purposed    #
entencions
+tat ben conceyuede. The entencions forso+te ben conceyuede,
after +te same Arnalde, of +te membres and of +te maladies
or of +te medecynes, after +te noblenes or also after +te       #
dyuersite of
+te condicioun of ham and also of +te site and compocicioun. Of
maladies, after +te composicioun +te whiche +tei haue in        #
hamself
and in rewarde of +te causes of +te accidentes. Of medecynes,   #
when
+tat +tai ben feble, horrible or ouer strong.
   And for +tat +tise +tinges ben beste tretede after Avicen    #
in 5=to= and
by Serapion in septimo and by +te translatoure of +te           #
Antitodarie
Azaram in +te firste partie and Iohan de Sancto Amando in       #
Areoles,
<P 578>
I charge noght to drawe +te speche alonge in +tise +tinges.     #
Neuer+telatter
medecynes ben arrayed and clensed and soden
and brynte and grounden and soche o+tere for certeyn causes, of
+te whiche +tinges Serapioun treted ful trewely in +te boke     #
+tat is 
cleped Seruytor.
   [}OF +TE ARRAYENGE OF SIMPLE MEDECYNES}] The cause forsothe
whye +tat symple medecynes ben clensede is +tat straunge        #
+tinges
may be removede fro ham. And alle +tai be wasshen +tat +tai be  #
+te
more clene and pure, and some forso+te +tat +te drastes and     #
may be
+trowen fro ham, and many forsothe +tat +te scharpenesse may be
removede and +tat +tere may be a coldenesse geten.
   [}OF +TE CLENSYNG OF HERBES}] An ensample of clensynge and   #
of
makynge clene is hadde in herbes and in rotes, +te whiche       #
+tinges
how +tat +tai be clensede it is knowen to alle men. Oyle and    #
waxe
is an ensample +tat +te drastes and fil+te be done awaye.
   [}OF +TE WASSHINGE OF OYLE}] Oyle is waschen in double       #
manere:
in one manere with a boxe hauynge two holes, one in the ouer
ende, ano+ter in +te botome, and filled after +te half wi+t     #
hote water
and wi+t oyle. Schette +te holes and schake ham strongely til   #
+tat
+te oyle and +te water be wel medlede. And at +te laste after   #
+te
restynge, open +te hole of +te botome til +tat +te water were   #
drawen
oute. And at +te laste, putte yn als mykel of ano+ter water,    #
and be
it done as it was first. And be it so ofte done a+geyne til     #
+tat +te oyle
be made white.
   It is wasshed forso+te more li+gtly in ano+ter manere. It    #
is put in
a basyn, in a disshe or in a potte with als mykel of hote       #
water.
And be it beten with a sclyse so mykel til +tat it be made      #
white.
Afterward sette it in +te sonne til +tat +te oyle be departed   #
fro
+te water. Afterward be +te oyle gadered fro the ouer egge of   #
+te
water with some spone, and sette it vp. And if it be inow,      #
clense
it wel. And if it be noght, putte yn ageyne of +te water as     #
+tou
dedest erst, and so +tries or foure tymes til +tat it wexe
white.
   [}OF +TE WASSHINGE OF WAXE}] Waxe is wasshen and made white
yn meltynge it wi+t water and in areryng it vp with a stone
or with a rounde glasse wrappede +terynne. And afterward be
it drenched in colde water, and be it departed fro +te stone,   #
in
doynge so ofte til +tat al +te waxe be drawen oute. And         #
afterward
<P 579>
be it putte to +te sonne, alway in turnynge it til +tat it be   #
perfi+gtly
whyte.
   Ano+ter manere, and more li+gtly, waxe is taken and is       #
soden in
water. And afterward +tat water is +trowen oute, and ano+ter    #
water
is putte +terto. And be it done so ofte til +tat it be made     #
white.
   [}OF WASSHYNGE OF TERBENTYNE}] Terbentyne is wasshed, +tat   #
it
may be made +te more swete for synowes, in a disshe wi+t colde
water. And bete yn so mykel with a staf, in chaungynge ofte +te
water, til +tat it be made white.
   [}OF +TE WASSHINGE OF BUTTER}] Olde butter is wasshed, +tat  #
+te
saltenesse may be removede and +tat it be made +te more spedy   #
in
softenynge, in a disshe with colde water. And be it beten so    #
mykel
with a staf til +tat it be made white.
   [}OF +TE WASSHYNGE OF QUIKKE LYME}] Quyk lyme is wasshed,
+tat his scharpenesse may be remouede and +tat it my+gt be made
dryande, in a bacyne with colde water in medlynge it wi+t a     #
staffe.
And after +tat +tat water haue restede, be it +trowe away and   #
put
yn ano+ter, in doynge +tis seuen tymes or nyne tymes or so ofte
til +tat the water be founden soote and swete to +te taaste.
   [}OF +TE WASSHYNGE AND OF +TE ARRAYENG OF TUTYE AND SOCHE 
O+TERE}] Tutye is preparate firste in brennynge, +tat it may    #
+te lighter
be turnede, in fyrynge it nyne tymes in hote brennynge coles    #
and in
quenchynge it nyne tymes in vynegre or in raynewater or in      #
water
of rose or of fenelle or of maioran after +tat to whiche +ting  #
he wille
lay it. Afterward forsothe it is wasshen, +tat it may be made   #
clene
and swete and colde, in brayeng it in a grete manere.
And be it stered so mykel in a basyn with colde water +tat +te
smalle +terof passe into +te water, and put +tat grete oute of  #
the
clo+te. Afterward trouble +tat water and chaunge it sodeynly in
another vessel in streynynge with ano+ter cloth, and do away    #
+tat
grete. And do he +tat twies or thries til +tat +tere byleue no  #
+ting of
+te grete. After late it reste til +tat it go downe in +te      #
botome, and
+tan caste away +tat water with +tat grennesse +tat swymmeth    #
aboue.
And put +terto ano+ter water, so ofte in doynge +tis a+geyne    #
til +tat
+te water be made soote and swete. +Tan drye it, and kepe it.
   Tutie is an ensample of brennynge +tat the forsaide          #
gryndinge
may li+gtely be made, but it is putte in smale corrosyues +tat  #
the
fretynge may be remouede and +tat +te dryenesse and +te sowdyng
<P 580>
may abide, as Galien putte+t it in (\3=o= Farmacorum\) of       #
coperose and 
of vertegrece.
   [}OF +TE BRENNYNGE OF COPPEROSE AND SOCHE O+TERE}] Thai ben
fired in a crusselle or on a scherde with coles blowen with a
belowe til +tat +tai be enflawmed, and quenche ham, and burble
ham. And be +tat so ofte done til +tat +te coloure be           #
chaungede into
rede or +gelow colour and til +tat no burble appere, and cole   #
it, and
kepe it.
    An ensample of sethynge and +te vertue +geuen in +te        #
colature is
in siruppes and in oyles and in stepynges, in +te whiche        #
+tinges +te
vertue is taken in +te se+tynge. Afterward +tai ben made in     #
syrupe
and in oyles and in clisteries and gargarismes and enbrokede.
A decoccioun also is sometyme made +tat +te vertue +tat is      #
noght 
nedeful be departede and +tat +te nedefulle may abide, as       #
Galien
schewe+t euydently in cole and in ote mele in (\3=o=            #
Farmacorum.\)
   An ensample of brying +tat +te thinges be +te more abidynge  #
vpon
+te place and +tat +tai be made +te more dryande, as +te dome   #
and
+te terme is in litarge and in centorie, as Avicen saith.
   [}OF ARRAYENGE OF COMPOWNED MEDECYNES}] Compownede
medecynes forso+te ben arrayed and made in dyuers manere, after
Iohan de Santo Amando and after Maistre Stephen Arnalde of
Mountpilerz, for dyuerse profites, as in +te fourme of oyles,   #
of
oynementes, of harde plastres, of softe plastres and soche      #
o+tere.
   [}OF OYLES}] Oyle is softe moysture and fattisshe. And +tai  #
ben
made, after +te lore of Hebenmesue and of Azaram, +trefolde,    #
+tat
is to seie by +tirstynge oute, as oyle of olyues (of +te        #
whiche Galien
saith in (\2=o= Farmacorum\) +tat is as a mater reseyuynge alle #
vertues)
and oyle of almandes and of notes and of myrtilles, of lymones,
oyle de baye and oleum muscelinum and oyle of ayren and soche
o+tere; ben made also in ano+ter manere by se+tynge at +te      #
fire or
atte +te sonne or within hote er+te, as oyle of rose, of        #
camomyle,
of lilye and soche o+tere. Thai ben made in the +tridde maner   #
by
sublymacioun, as oleum benedictum and oyle of terebentyne and
oyle of tartir, oyle of asshe, oyle of iunypre and soche        #
o+tere.
   The cause why +tat +tai ben made oyles and the vertues ben   #
putte
in ham is twofolde: one cause is +tat it may bere +te vertue    #
+te more
depere. +Te secounde cause is +tat oyle schulde make +te        #
scharpenesse
<P 581>
of +tynges swete with +te whiche +tai ben made. Neuer+telatter
it is to be vnderstonde +tat when colde oyles ben made of oyle  #
de
olyue, +tai schal be made swete with swete and with rype oyle.
   [}OF OYNEMENTIS}] An oynement forsothe is a gressy thyng,    #
noght
flowande or rennynge, but abydynge. And +tai ben made, after
the commune lore: one manere, wi+toute fire, in brayenge in a
morter. And vnguentum album is made in +tis manere, and alle
+te oynementz +tat aren made of mynes. And +tere is putte li.   #
sem.
of oyle to euery vnce of +te smale powdres; of wateres, of      #
iuses or
of vynegre als mykel as of +te myneralles.
   Thai ben made in ano+ter manere with fire, in meltynge
wexe and fattenesse in oyle. And laste when +tat it is colede,  #
medle
+terwi+t wel-grounden powdre. And to euery pownde of +te oyle   #
is
putte a quartroun of wexe and a quartroun of powdre in somer.
In wynter forsothe lesse of +te wexe is nedefulle.
   And +tai ben made in +te +tridde manere wi+t greces and      #
herbes
in stampynge ham and afterward soden and streynede; it is an
oynement. And +tere is put als mykel of +te herbes as of +te    #
oynementes.
   The causes why +tat oynementes ben made is +tat +tat +tay    #
may
abyde softely in +te ouer egge and +tat +tai flowe noght ne     #
+tat +tai go
not ouer depe. +Tai ben menes forso+te bytwene oyles and        #
emplastres.
   [}OF EMPLASTRES}] An emplastre is a cerotarie confeccioun    #
made
sadde and hardened by sethynge. And +tai ben made +trefolde: in
one manere when +tat +tai ben made of mynes. Firste it is soden
with oyle vnto +te +tikkenesse. Afterward muscilages ben put    #
+terto,
as in dyaquilon, and withoute muscilage, as +te blak plastre.
   In ano+ter manere +tai ben made wi+toute mynes, as           #
oxceracroceum,
with gummes, with wexe, with pycche, with terebentyne
and wi+t some powdres by +tis manere: when +tat +te gummes ben
bryede and temperede in vynegre or in wyne, on the morne melte
ham at +te fire, and be +tai dissoluede vnto +te wastynge of    #
+te wyne
or of +te vynegre. And when +tay ben streynede, putte +terto    #
+te
pycche and afterward +te wexe and laste +te terebentyne, and    #
in 
settynge downe fro +te fire, alwaye in sterynge with a sclise.
<P 582>
And +trowe it in colde water and drawe it oute. And drawe oute
+te water, in tewynge it wi+t +tyn hondes with vynegre or wi+t  #
oyle,
and make +terof rolles. A tokene forso+te of +te sethynge of    #
plastres
is +tat +tat a drope of ham +trowen in colde water or on a      #
marble
stone be congeled and +tat it cleue noght to thy fyngres in     #
temperynge.
   And +tai ben made also  in +te +tridde medlede maner
with mynes, with gommes and with powdres, as it is to see in
apostolicon. +Te causes forsothe whi +tat emplastres ben made   #
is
+tat +te vertue may +te lenger abide in +te membre.
   [}OF GROWELLES AND SOFTE PLASTRES}] Growelles and softe      #
plastres
ben as it were +te same, for in growelles +tere entre+t but     #
meles with
water or wi+t iuses an wi+t oyle or with hony. In softe         #
plastres
ben putte iuses and herbes. And +tai ben made to mature, and    #
+tan
+tai schal be gleymy, or to resolue, and +tan +tai schal be     #
wi+toute
notable viscosite, for +tat a notable viscosite or gleymynesse  #
wi+tholdeth
+te hete and +te spirit and +te mater in schettynge +te pores,
+te whiche bothe done to maturing wi+t lettynge of              #
resolucioun, as
it is saide in (\5=to= Farmacorum\) and it schal be saide       #
withinforth.
Neuer+telatter +tai ben ofte clepede emplastres. +Te causes of  #
ham
ben li+gtenesse of arrayenge and +te profitablenesse of symple  #
medecynes,
+te whiche schulde nou+gt elles haue so moche vertue.
   [}OF EMBROCACIOUNS AND EPITHIMACIOUNS}] Thise +tynges        #
forsothe
ben simple licours and compownede, with +te whiche
membres ben particulerly fomentede, or in +te whiche spownges
ben dippede, or lynen clothe, and, +triste oute, ben laide      #
vpon +te
membre, and +tai ben ofte removede. And +te causes of soche
+tinges ben ly+gtlynesse of hetynge and of colynge and of       #
moystinge
and of resoluynge wi+t the vertue of depynge.
   [}OF O+TERE MANERES}] +Tere ben many o+tere manere of        #
makynges
of medecynes, as distillynges of wateres to make faire with and
smerynges and enoyntynges and soche o+tere, +te whiche ben      #
moste
done to +te schewynge and to +te wille of +te seke men +tan to  #
+te
beynge, as Henry saith. It bifalleth a stable leche to stonde   #
in
certeyn +tinges and prouede, and hym +tat is of vnstable
witte to wandre by many +tinges, as Arnalde saith. And if       #
+tere be
founden sometyme trewe +ting, it is more to wite chaunce +tan
resoun, as it is saide in (\3=o= Terapeutice.\) It byhoveth a   #
leche forso+te
<P 583>
to be knowere of +te propre kyndes in +te whiche he wirche+t    #
and
with whiche, as it is saide by all. 



