<B CMPOLYCH>
<Q M3 NN HIST TREVISA>
<N POLYCHRONICON>
<A TREVISA JOHN>
<C M3>
<O 1350-1420>
<M 1350-1420>
<K CONTEMP>
<D SL>
<V PROSE>
<T HISTORY>
<G TRANSL>
<F LATIN>
<W WRITTEN>
<X MALE>
<Y 40-60>
<H PROF>
<U X>
<E X>
<J X>
<I X>
<Z NARR NON-IMAG>
<S SAMPLE X>


[^TREVISA, JOHN.
POLYCHRONICON RANULPHI HIGDEN,
MONACHI CESTRENSIS, VOLS. VI, VIII.
ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS OF JOHN TREVISA AND OF
AN UNKNOWN WRITER OF THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY.
ROLLS SERIES, 41.
ED. J. R. LUMBY.
LONDON, 1876, 1882.
VI,   PP. 209.14 - 231.7       (SAMPLE 1)
VIII, PP. 83.1   - 111.19      (SAMPLE 2)
VIII, PP. 347.1  - 352.13      (SAMPLE 3)^]

<S SAMPLE 1>
<P VI,209> 
[} (\CAPITULUM VICESIMUM QUARTUM.\) }]

   Leo +te emperour lete be +te enemyes of +te empere, and
werrede a+genst figures and ymages of holy seyntes. Pope
<P VI,211>
Gregory and Germanius of Constantynnoble wi+tstood hym
nameliche, as +te olde usage and custome wolde +tat is allowed
and apreeved by holy cherche, and seide +tat it is wor+ty and
medeful to do hem +te affecioun of worschippe. For we           #
worschippe+t
in hem but God, [{and{] in worschippe of God and of
holy seyntes, +tat man have+t in mynde efte by suche ymages,
God allone schal be princepalliche worschipped, [{and after
hym creatures schal be i-worschipped{] in worschippe of hym.
Beda, (\libro 5=o=, capitulo 24=o=.\) +Tat +gere deide          #
Withredus kyng
of Caunterbury, and Thobias bisshop of Rouchestre, +tat cou+te
Latyn and Grew as wel as his owne longage. (\Paulus,
libro 7=o=.\) +Tat +gere Sarasyns com to Constantynnoble and    #
byseged
it +tre +gere, and took +tennes moche good and catel.
Withbrandes kyng of Longobardes herde +terof, and raunsoned
+te relikes of seint Austyn [{+te doctor{] , +te whiche         #
relikes were
somtyme translated to Sardinia for reses of straunge enemyes,
and he made hem i-bore to +te citee of Geene, and +tennes to
Papie, +tat heet Tinum somtyme. (\Willelmus de Regibus,
<P VI,213>
libro primo.\) Kyng Ine betook his kyngdom of West Saxons to
his cosyn Ethelardus, and went to Rome. Me sei+t +tat he
was +te firste of kynges +tat grauntede to seynt Peter of
everiche hous of his kyngdom a peny, +tat longe tyme of
Englisshe men was i-cleped Rome scot, but in Latyn it is
i-cleped Peter his peny. +Te kyng his wyf Ethelburga +gaf
hym occasioun to take +tat pilgrimage, and +tat in +tis manere:
she hadde ofte i-counsailled her housbonde to forsake +te
riches of +te world, and specialliche in +te laste +geres of    #
his lyf,
but sche spedde nou+gt. +Terfore at +te laste sche fondede to
overcome hym wi+t gile, and in a tyme whanne +tey hadde
i-leide to gidres in +te real citee, and were agoo, +tanne      #
after
+tre dayes +te governour of +te citee defouled +te paleys wi+t  #
al
+te fil+te +tat he my+gte, wi+t tunge and dritt of bestes, wi+t
gaderynge of dunge and of fil+te  of mukhilles; and +tere +te
kyng had i-leye and i-slepe, he leide a sowe wi+t here pigges
+tat hadde late i-favored. Al +tis he dede by assent and heste
of +te queene. +Tanne +te queene by+gede here housbonde wi+t
benygne flaterynge, and prayed hym for to come to +tat place
+tere he hadde i-be; +te kyng graunted and come +tider, and     #
sigh
<P VI,215>
+tat place +tat was somtyme poore to Sardanapallus his likynge
+to so desrayed and defouled; whan sche hadde +tis occasioun
sche spak to +te kyng and seide: "I pray +gow, my lord, where
bee+t now +te cortyns and al +te riche array of halles and
chambres? Where is now +te pleysynge service of hem +tat
were i-woned to flatere wi+t +gou? Where is +te likynge and
plesynge of glotonye and of leccherie, bee+t +tey not al
apassed? So, my lord, schal my flesche passe and fal
awey, +tat is now i-norsched in gold and in riche array."
Herwith here housbonde was overcome, and after his noble
batailles and victories and grete prayes +tat he hadde          #
i-take, he
bytook +te kyngdom to his nevew, and wente to Rome. +Tere
he come nou+gt openliche in si+gte, but he schare his heed, and
clo+ted hym as a pore man, and wax olde among beggers; bote
+te queene Ethelburga wente to +te abbay of Berkynge; +tere
here suster hadde i-be abbas. And sche was afterward
i-made abbas of +te same maydens, and made a blessed ende,
and passed to reste. Beda, (\libro 5=o=, capitulo 29=o=.\)      #
Osricus
kyng of Nor+thumberlond deide after +te nyn+te +gere [{of his
kyngdom. After hym Colwulfus regnede nyne +gere{] ; to
<P VI,217>
hym Beda wroot +te storie Historiarum Angliae. Beda, (\ubi
supra.\) +Tat gere were i-seie twey griselich sterres wi+t      #
blasynge
crestes aboute +te sonne, +tat durede tweye wokes. +Tat oon
of hem passede erliche tofore the sonne, and +te o+ter com
after +te sonne at eve; and +tese sterres blasede and caste as
it were brennynge brondes toward +te nor+tside, and bodede
greet deth and manslau+gter; ffor +tanne com a grevous mescheef
of Sarsyns, and bete doun Gallia, +tat is Fraunce. Beda,
(\libro 5=o=, capitulo 25=o=.\) +Tat +gere deyde Bri+gtwoldus   #
archebisshop
of Dorobernya, +tat is Canturbury. After hym Tadwynus 
was archebisshop, and was i-sacred of +te bisshoppes
of Londoun, of Wyrchestre, and of Rouchestre. Also +tat
+gere +te sou+t provinces anon to +te marche of +te ryver       #
Humber
were suget to Ethelbaldus king of Mercia; +te Pictes and
+te Scottes hadde pees wi+t +te Angles; som Bretons were
at here owne lawe, and som servede +te Angles. After +te
secounde Gregorye [{+te +tridde Gregory{] was pope enlevene
+gere; he confermed +te worschippynge of holy ymages in a
<P VI,219>
counsaile +tat was i-made at Rome of aboute a +towsand
bisshoppes, and cursed dredfulliche al +tat do+t a+genst +tat
statute of worschippynge of holy ymages. Also +tat +gere oon
Petronax Brixianus wente to +te hille mont Casin, and restored
+te place covenableliche of goodes and catel and of
monkes by heste and comfort of pope Gregorie. Tadwynus
archebisshop of Caunterbury deide, and Nothelmus bisshop of
Londoun was archebisshop after hym. Also +tat +gere deyde
Alwynus +tat was bisshop of Lichfeld; and Wicta was
bisshop of Lichefeld whan he was dede. And Coita was
bisshop of Legecestria, +tat is Chestre, and Eada durede +git   #
at
Dorchestre. +Tat +gere deide +tat worthy man Beda +te preost.
(\Willelmus de Regibus, libro 5=o=.\) +Te seven+te +gere of     #
his age
he was i-take to norschynge and to lore to Benet Bisshop, 
abbot of Girwy, and after his de+t to Colfridus, abbot of +te
same place. In his nyn+te +gere he was i-made decon of Iohn
bisshop of +Gork, and preost in his +tritten+te +gere. +Tat     #
+gere
<P VI,221>
he bygan to write, and so he spende al his lyftyme in +te
same abbay, and made hym besy to studie and expowne holy
writt, and among +te besynesse +tat he ne hadde [{everiche
day in +te service of religioun and in syngynge in chirche, he
hadde{] greet swetnesse and likynge to lerne, to teche, and to
write. He wroot +trescore bookes and ey+gtene; +te bookes he
rekene+t in his storie (\Anglicana\) . Here lakke+t and         #
faille+t wit
and speche to wondre at +te fulle +tat a man +tat was so wi+t   #
oute
use of scole made so many noble volumes in so sober wordes in
so litel space of his lyftyme. Of al +tis I conclude +tat he    #
com
nevere at Rome; +tey som men wil mene +tat he went to Rome
to be +tere present, and to schewe +tat his bookes were         #
accordynge
to +te loore of holy chirche, and +tat if +tey were nou+gt
accordynge for to amende hym at +te pope his heste. But +tat
he wente blynd aboute for to preche, +tat he was i-ladde by
fraude of his man for to preche to stones as it were to men,
+tat he herde +te voys of stones +tat answerede and seide
Amen, +tat he wente +treis to Rome, +tat he fonde +tre R and
+tre F i-write, and expowned what it was to mene, I fynde
it nou+gt i-write in bookes of auctorite. Som men telle+t
<P VI,223>
+tat suche [{a wrytynge was founden, R. R. R. F. F. F., and
such{] an exposicioun: (\regna ruent Romae ferro flammaque
fameque\) ; +tat is to menynge, kyngdoms of Rome schal falle
by fuyre and iren, also by honger. (\Willelmus de Regibus,
libro primo.\) But by pope Sergius his pistel +tat was i-sent
to abbot Colfridus it is i-knowe +tat Beda was i-sent after
and i-prayed for to come to Rome for to assoyle questiouns
+tat were +tere i-mevede. Here take hede how wor+ty +te court
of Rome [{hylde hym, +tat +te court of Rome{] hadde nede to
have hym to declare and to assoille +te questiouns +tat +tere   #
were
i-meved. And also how wor+ty we schal holde hym by manere
of his leuynge and of his techynge. He my+gte not  be vicious
+tat spende so his witte and +tou+gt in expouninge of holy      #
writte.
But his clennesse was moche i-sene at his laste ende, for       #
sevene
wookes contynualliche his stomak hadde indignacioun of mete
and drynke, so +tat unne+te he my+gte eny mete holde, and was
strei+gt and schort bre+ted. But for al +tat he sparede not +te
travayle of lettrure and of bookes, bote everiche day, among    #
+te
<P VI,225>
detty travayle of service and of psalmes, he tau+gte his        #
disciples
in lessouns and in questiouns, and he tornede Seynt Iohn his
gospel into Englisshe, and seide, "Lerne+t, my smale children,
while I am wi+t +gou, I wot nou+gt how longe I schal
wi+t +gow abyde;" and evere among he seide +tat sawe of         #
Ambrose,
"I have nou+gt so i-leved among +gow +tat me schame+t
to lyve; no+ter me drede+t to deye, for me have+t a good
Lord." By ny+gte, whanne he hadde no man to teche, he
travailled besiliche in bedes-byddynge, and +tonked God of
alle. +Te Tewesday tofore +te Ascencioun his dee+t neighede,
and his feet gonne to swelle; he was i-led and anoynt
and i-housled, and kessed his bre+teren, and prayed hem
alle to have of hym mynde, and he +gaf to meny of his
servauntes +tinges +tat he hadde i-kept in privete. In +te
Ascencioun day +te clo+te of here was i-sprad, and he leyde
hym doun and prayed +te grace of +te Holy Goost, and seide:
"Oo Kyng of bliss, Lord of vertues, +tat hast +te pris, and     #
art
<P VI,227>
+tis day i-steie up above alle hevenes, leve +tou us not
faderles, but sende +tou into us +tat byheste of +te Fader +te
Goost for so+tnesse." Whanne +tat was i-ended he +galde
up +te laste bree+t wi+t a wel greet swetnesse of smyl, and so
he was i-buried +tere; but +te comyn fame telle+t, +tat he is
at Durham now+te, with Seynt Cuthbert; and wi+t hym was
i-buryed wel nygh, al +te knowleche anon to +te conquest of
dedes of Engelond, and nygh al +te connynge of lettres;
for after his tyme after lewed come more lewed, as +te
shameliche vers +tat were i-wrete on his tombe bere+t greet
witnesse of unkonnynge; +tat vers were unwor+ty to be i-wrete
on so wor+ty a manis tombe; +tese bee+t +te vers: "Beda
+te preost reste+t here i-buried in +te flesch; Crist graunte   #
his
soule to be glad in hevene for evere; Graunt hym to drinke
+te wel of wisdom +tat he ha+t now+te Desired besiliche
alwey ri+gt wi+t love gret." Aboute +tat tyme Ricoldus duke
of Frisons was i-tornede by the prechynge of Seynt Wilfranus
+te bisshop, and wolde i-cristned be; and putte his owne
<P VI,229>
foot into +te fontstoon, and wi+tdrou+g +tat o+ter, and axede
of hem +tat stood aboute whe+ter +tere were mo of his           #
predecessours
in paradys o+ter in helle, and he was answerd +tat +tere
were mo in helle; he herd +tat and drough his foot out of +te
water, and seide: "It is esiere +tat I folwe +te more +tan +te
lasse." And so he was bygiled of +te fende, and deide after
+te +tridde day. (\Willelmus de Pontificibus, libro 4=o=.\)     #
Aboute
+tat tyme deyde Seint Fredeswyde +te mayde, i-bore at           #
Oxenforde,
+te dou+gter of duke Didianus. Kyng Algarus, a
lecheruos man, folowede here anon to +te citee of Oxenford, and
whanne +te mayde was i-entred into +te citee +te +gates closede
and were i-schette al by hymself, and the kyng wer+t blynde
+tat purswerde here. But by prayeng of +te mayde he hadde
his si+ght a+ge. Se+t+te after +tat tyme kynges of Engelonde
drede+t for to come wi+t ynne +tat citee for drede of mishappes
+tat my+gte hym befalle. Colwulfus, kyng of Nor+thomberlond,
<P VI,231>
after ei+gte +gere of his kyngdom, lefte his kyngdom to his
cosyn Egbertus, +te sone of his fader bro+ter, and bycam a monk
at Beda his abbay; and Egbertus [{regnede{] nyntene +gere.
R. Bote William de Regibus sei+t +tat he was i-schore at
Lyndefare cherche, and at +te laste i-buryed byside Seynt
Cuthbert. Notelmus archebisshop of Caunterbury deide, and
Cuthberd, bisshop of Herford, was archebisshop after hym. 

<S SAMPLE 2>
<P VIII,83>
[} (\CAPITULUM VICESIMUM QUINTUM.\) }]

   Kyng Henry is deed at Fontenbraud, and his sone Richard
was kyng after hym, and regnede ten +gere. Stephene of
Canturbury discreved cleerliche his manere and his dedes, and
for +tis storye schulde [{not{] mysse +te noble dedes of so     #
greet
a duke, I have studied to take +te floures of Stevenes book.
+Tis kyng ordeyned redeliche his +tinges by+gonde +te see, and
cam into Engelond for to be crowned. In his comynge prisouns
were i-oponed and he was i-crowned at Londoun of Baldewyn,
archebisshop of Caunterbury, +te +tridde day of Septembre, +te
whiche is acounted an evel day by +te veyn bileve and usage of
mysbileved men, as is i-cleped [{in{] +te kalender dayes (\dies
Egipciacus\) , and (\dies malus\) , an evel day by +te veyn     #
bileve, as
it were a day of bodynge of evel happes to +te Iewes; [{for +te
Iewes of Engelond +tat hadde evel{] happes +tat day.
Meny [{Iewes{] come to +tis solempnite leste +te wel+te +tat    #
+tei
hadde under +te olde kyng schulde be wi+tdrawe in +te newe
kynges tyme. But +te kyng heet and comaundede +tat +te Iewes
schulde nou+gt come into +te chirche while he were i-crowned
no+ter into +te paleys while he were at mete. But while +te     #
kyng
<P VIII,85>
was at mete som of +te Iewes parsed among o+tere and come
with ynne +te paleys gate, and oon of hem was i-smete wi+t a
manis feest. +Tan +te rabbisshe peple wende +tat +te kyng
had so i-hote, and up wi+t staves, battes, and stoones, and     #
leide
on +te Iewes and madde hem to flee. Here of sprank likynge
tidynges into al +te citee, as +tey +te kyng hadde i-hote, and 
up with staves to destroye +te Iewes. And +te peple, resynge    #
and
crienge, breck up +te hous +tere +te Iewes were i-flowe for
drede, and brende and spoylede and took what +tey my+gte, and
wolde nou+gt leve for +te kynges sendynge. But outrage of
so greet woodnesse +gif it were i-suffred schulde passe meny
cruel dedes, and blenschede moche +te bygynnynge of +te
kyng. But for +te grete multitude of hem +tat were gilty 
he moste lete passe what he my+gt nou+gt take of ful 
wreche. At +te laste +te Iewes had pees i-graunted, and anon
+te kyng +geve+t dignetees +tat voyde+t. And al wi+t oute +tat  #
his
bro+ter Iohn hadde of his fader +gifte in Irlond and in         #
Normandie,
he +gaf hym +te provinces of Cornewayle, of Devenschire, of
Notingham, of Lancastre. Also he +gaf hym +te eorles dou+gter
<P VIII,87>
of Gloucetre to wif, +tat was his cosyn in +te +tridde degree, 
wi+t al her fader lordschippe. +Te lordschepe of +te four+te    #
deel 
+tat was i-+gove, i-made hym unkynde and untrewe, and
desired +te hool kyngdom. +Te kyng committed +te destourbance 
of +te reawme to +te bisshop of Durham, +tat schulde
more skilfulliche and semeliche occupie hym self in Goddis
service +tan in +te kynges service. For +te gospel sei+t +tat   #
no
man may serve ei+ter lord at +te fulle as he schulde, +tey +te
bisshop wolde to dele hym self for to plese ei+ter kyng of
hevene and of er+te. Certeynliche +te Kyng of hevene allowe+t
nou+gt service +tat is so to-deled, for he wolde be served with
al +te my+gt of +te soule. And what +gif +te bisshop +tat is    #
but
half i-+geve to Goddes service do+t nou+gt his service ne his
offys as he schulde, but ordeyne+t unwor+ty and recheles
persons in his sted, for he wol serve holiche in +te paleys
o+ter in +te feyre and court. For in non half man make+t
good at +te fulle of +te acountes of an er+telich prince. Also  #
+te
kynge for to have +te more large spens toward Ierusalem, he
resignede +te castelles of Berwik and of Rokesburgh to +te kyng
of Scotlond for ten +towsand pound. Also he begiled +te olde
man +te riche bisshop of Durham, and he made hym begge his
[{owne{] province for a greet somme of money. +Terfore +te
kyng seide ofte in his game, "I am a wonder crafty man, for
I have i-made a newe eorle of an olde bisshop." By suche
<P VIII,89>
manere while and speche he emptede meny men purses and
bagges, and solde dignetees and lordschippes +tat longede to
+te kyng, as +tey+g he +tou+gte nevere for to come a+gen. In a 
tyme his frendes +tat were homliche wi+t hym blamede hym
+terfore, and he answerde and seide: "I wolde selle Londoun,
and I my+gte fynde a chapman +tat my+gte wel paye." Meny
men bou+gte wi+t +te bettre wil, for me trowed +tat +te kyng
wolde nevere come a+gen hom. He hadde i-fonge power of
+te pope +tat he my+gte beneme +te crosse whome [{+tat{] he
wolde, and +terby he gat many +towsand pound. +Tan +te kyng
as it semed bytook rechelesliche +te governaunce of his
kyngdom to his chaunceller, bisshop of Hely, and seilled into
Normandie tofore mydwynter tyde. +Tat tyme at Dunstapil 
+te signe of +te cros was i-seie in hevene, and sone +terafter  #
+te
schap of +te cros was i-seie forsake +te baner and passe        #
somwhat
of space +terfrom, telle who +tat wil what it my+gte mene, for
I have i-lerned to telle +tis wonder, and not to discreve what
it schulde mene. +Tanne +te kynges of Engelond and of Fraunce
after +tat +tey hadde i-made suerte bytwene hem tweyne, +tat 
dwelled at Turon in Fraunce forto abide somer, to wende in
+te wey to +te Holy Land nou+gt onliche in holy entent and for
<P VIII,91>
cause of [{+te{] fey, but for to desire of her owne helthe 
and hope of greet hap and fortune. Bote +te ri+gtwisnesse of
God allowe+t non suche [{a{] manere doynge, but semeliche
God ordeyne+t +tat outrage [{pryde{] of mysbileved men
schulde be alayde in +tat manere. [{Also wi+t oute +te mescheef
and woo +tat Iewes suffrede in here body and catel at
Lyncolne and at Lynne, +get at +Gork after a longe sege and
greet mescheef and woo, Raby, mayster of Iewes, forkutte +te
veynes of foure hondred Iewes, and his owne veynes also, and
his wifes +trote.{] Also at Staunforde Iewes were i-bete,
i-slawe, and i-spild. And oon Iohn, moost hardy of Cristen
men, com to Northamptoun wi+t many grete prayes; +tere his
hostiler slow+g hym priveliche by ny+gt for covetise of money
+tat he hadde i-brou+gt, and +trew +te body by ny+gte wi+t      #
oute 
+te citee, and fley+g awey as a +teef schulde. +Tanne olde      #
wyfes
mette, and +tere were i-seie wonder false si+gtes and fals
tokenes, and +te sely men bere an honde +tat it was for +te
holynesse of +tat man, +tat +tey hilde a verray martir, and     #
worschipped
+te sepulcre of +te dede man wi+t solempne wacches
and +giftes; bote wise men lowh hem to scorne; bote clerkes
of +te place were wel apaide +terwith, ffor +tey hadde profi+gt
+terby. +Tis was i-tolde +te bisshop, and anon he forbeed +te
doynge of symple men uppon the peyne of cursynge, and 
+te greet boost of coveytous men and of hir false martir. In
+te mene tyme, while kyng Richard was absent, William bisshop
of Hely, +te kynges chaunceller, procuratour of +te rewme, +te
popes legat in Engelond i-made for money, he hilde lowe the
<P VIII,93>
clergie, and spak by +te kynges power, and bare down +te        #
kynges 
peple, and schewed auctorite of +te pope of Rome, and rood
wi+t a +towsand hors. He greved abbayes with paymentis
and with +giftes, and made his allye +te grettest of +te lond;
ei+ter primat his see he hilde low+g inow at his owne wille,
for Baldewyn +te archebisshop of Caunterbury deide at Tyrus 
tofore +te comynge of +te kyng to +te Holy Lond, and +te
kynges bro+ter Geffray, elyt of +Gork, he hadde i-let ten +gere
+tat he was nou+gt i-sacred. And also Giffray londede at
Dovere, and he bynam his catel, and drow+g hym out of Seynt
Martyns abbay, and putte hym in +te kynges tour; and made
a counsaile at Westmynstre as +te kynges procuratour and
+te popes legat. +Tere his fautour Hewe Nonant, bisshop of
Chestre, putte for+t a pleynt +tat [{+te{] monkes of Coventre   #
had
i-sched his blood ri+gt tofore +te hi+ge au+gter; +terfore      #
William
bisshop of Hely demede +tat monkes schulde be putte awey
from Coventre, and clerkes i-brou+gt +tider +tat lyve+t by      #
provendres.
By occasioun herof +tis Hewe, +tat was gylful of wit,
schameles and hardy in evel dedes, connynge in lettrure and
<P VIII,95>
faire speche, and had alway i-made debaat and strif bytwene
the priour and +te covent of Coventre, now wi+t streng+te of
men of armes he put out +te monkes as passing evel doers,
and gulty of huge trespas, and sente anon to the court of
Rome men of answere ful informed, wi+t lettres of bisshops
witnessynge +tat +te monkes had forsake Cristes chivalry, and
were afalle to wordliche likynge; +terfore he prayed of +te
pope fre power of +te ordenaunce of +tat abbay. +Te pope abood
sixe mon+tes wi+t +te sentence for to abide +gif eny man wolde
come and speke for +te monkes, bote defaute of spense and       #
lette +te
monkes, and made +tat +te bisshop had al his wille. +Te monkes
come unne+te at +te laste, whan +tey had [{longe{] i-wope +te
wrong of her violent out puttynge; but +te bisshoppes my+gt
and power hadde +te maistrye by money and by slei+te, and
meny +geres +te monkes were disperbled, and what +tey hadde
was i-ordeyned to provendres to clerkes, and +tey lyved         #
poorliche,
and gat her liflode as +tey my+gte. +Terfore whan +tis
bisshop [{Hew{] woor+t seek at Becco in Normandie in a
Good Friday, and my+gte no man fynde +tat wolde sette hym
penaunce, as it is i-seide, [{+tan he seide{] , "And I deme     #
myself
<P VIII,97>
to ligge in +te peyne of purgatorie for myn evel dedes anon
to +te day of doome."

<P VIII,99>
[} (\CAPITULUM VICESIMUM SEXTUM.\) }]
[}+TE CROWNYNGE OF +TE EMPEROUR.}]

   Affter Clement, +te +tridde Celestinus was pope sixe +gere   #
and
ei+gte mon+tes. +Te secounde day of his consecracioun he
<P VIII,101>
crowned +te fifte Henry emperour, Frederik his sone, in +tis
manere: first tofore +te grees of +te cherche of Rome he feng
an oo+t of +tis Henry +tat he schulde defende and meyntene
holy chirche and +te ri+gtes of holy chirche, and +gif ou+gt    #
were
bynome of seynt Petres londes, he schulde restore it a+gen
wi+t al his my+gt. +Tanne he sat in his chayer and hilde +te
emperours crowne with his feet, and +te emperour bowed doun
his heed, and +te pope let falle +te crowne uppon +te emperours
heed, and smot it [{of{] a+gen of +te emperours heed anon wi+t  #
his
feet ri+gt to +te grounde, in token +tat +te pope ha+t power to
make +te emperoure and sette hym down, if he is wor+ty.
+Te cardynals stood by, and took up +te crowne, and sette it    #
a+gen
uppon +te emperours heed. While kyng William was absent,
+te forsaide William de Longchamp, bisshop of Hely, prevede 
Hughe bisshop of Durham of al manere worschippe, and
greved +te bisshop of Wynchestre, and wre+t+ted nyh alle. In
+te mene tyme meny were arrayed for to passe +te see to have
and axe a remedie of +te kyng, and of help a+genst +te comoun 
<P VIII,103>
tiraunt; but he was ware +terof, and com tofore all o+tere, and
hadde alle his wille, and com a+gen or o+ter men come to +te
kyng; but o+ter men hadde lettres also suche as +tey wolde,  
and oon of hem, +tat was bisshop of [{Lyncolne, cam a+gen, and
persewede William bisshop{] of Hely anon to Lyncolne, +tere
was i-sette a day to answere, and +te castel of Tykhulle;
+tere whan +te bisshop of Durham was i-come, +tis William
spak to hym and seide, "I take +te nou+gt bisshop [{a           #
byschop{] ; 
but I chaunceller, take +te castellan, forto +tou +geve         #
plegges  
to +gilde up +te kynges castelles." +Te fame of +tis evel man
William fulfilled al Engelond, so +tat +te grete grucchede 
a+genst hym, and +te smale cursed wel faste. The kynges
bro+ter Iohn was wroo+t for +te takynge of his bro+ter Geffray,
elyt of +Gork, and gadrede greet streng+te of his owne province
and of Walsche men wi+t meny bisshoppes, and chased +tis
William from Wyndesore to +te toure of Londoun, and from
+tennes to Dovere; +tere +tis William dredde leste he schulde
nou+gt freliche passe +te see. and took a womman cloo+t 
<P VIII,105>
above his owne cle+tinge, and hyled his heed and +te more
deel of his [{face{] wi+t kerchefes and wymples, and walked
on +te clef, and bar on his lift arme a webbe of lynnen clo+t,
as it were to sellynge, and bare a met+gerde in his ri+gt
hond, for he wolde sliliche ascape and passe by +tat craft
and nou+gt be aspied. But for he cou+te not selle and undo
his cloo+t as a womman schulde, he was i-take by his prive
membres and despitouslyche aspied; but at +te laste he passed
+te see, and +te bisshop of Rothomage had +te rulynge of
reaume by maundement of +te kyng +tat was in Sicilia. Also
the bisshop of Bathe was i-chose archebisshop, but he was
soon dede; and +git William bisshop of Hely purchased a wel
stronge maundement of Celestinus +te pope, and hadde +te same
auctorite and power +tat he hadde ra+ter, as it were for        #
amaundement 
of +te kyngdom of Engelond, and forto wi+tstonde
Iohn +tat wolde byneme his bro+ter +te kyngdom while he was
absent; but in al +tis he was begiled, for he conspired and
was assentynge to Iohn for +giftes o+ter [{for{] faire          #
byhestes.
And +git al for nou+gt, for +tey he schewed at Dovere +te greet
warant of his legacie, +git +te queen Alianore and +te          #
archebishops
of Rothomage and of +Gork and meny o+ter compelled 
hym for to seille a+gen. +Tanne after +tat +tey hadde abide
springing tyme at Turon, +te kynges of Fraunce and of Engelond
<P VIII,107>
wente, +tat oon by londe and +tat o+ter by water, and
com to Sicilia; +tere +te kyng of Fraunce let passe +te trespas
of his men unpunsched, and was cleped a lombe; but +te kyng
of Engelonde leet no trespas unpunsched, +terfore he was
i-cleped a leon. Also kyng Richard ffau+gt wi+t Griffon, in
Calabria and in Sicilia, and hadde +te maistrie. He made a 
castel of tree to be i-lad aboute, and he rerede +tat castel
[{a+genst +te citee of Messan, and cleped +tat castel{]         #
Mategrysphom;
with +tat castel afterward he to +te citee of
Acres. And +tere his moder brou+gt hym a faire mayde of 
schap and of speche, Berengaria, +tat was +te kynges dou+gter
of Navarne, and kyng Richard wedded her to wyfe. +Tanne
+te kyng of Fraunce wente ffor+t into Siria, and +te kyng of
Engelond abood somwhat after +tat he was a goo. Bote in
+tat abidynge he was nou+gt idel, but he sente for+t vitailles
and made engynes. +Tanne he wente out of Sycil and com
into Cipres, and by+tou+gt hym +tat tweyne of +te kynges
schippes were to-broke wi+t tempest in +te see, and i-spoyled
by men of Cipres. +Terfore kyng Richard chasede +te kyng of
<P VIII,109>
+te lond, +tat wolde nou+gt doo amendes, from citee to citee,   #
for to
+te kyng +galde hym to kyng Richard. And +te kyng +galde 
hym self uppon covenant +tat he schulde nou+gt be putte in
bondes of iren. Kynge Richard grauntede, but he put hym
in bondes of silver, and dwelled +tere tweie mon+tes, and hadde
+te londe at his wille. +Tan he wente to Acres, and took in +te
see oon of +te sowdans greet schippes i-lade with grete riches,
and bolgede and +trulled it in +te ey+ter side. Whan he
come to Acres, fil strif bytwene hym and +te kyng of
Fraunce [^HERE BEGINS AN EXTRACT FROM OTHER MANUSCRIPTS^] in    #
+tis manere. By covenant that was made bytwene
him at Turon, the kynge of Fraunce chalanged half that was
wonne in Cypres. Kynge Richard ayenesayde, and sayde that
the covenaunt was made of +te wynnynge in +te Holy Lond
[{and{] a+genst +te Sarsyns. Also +tere was ano+ter cause
<P VIII,111>
of stryf, for the kyng wolde leve no+ting to +te eorl of        #
Champayn,
+tat was +to ful nedy and in greet mescheef, but he
wolde legge Champayn to +te kyng to wedde. +Tan +te eorle
seide, "Ich have y-doo +tat y schulde; here after y schal
doo what me nede+t : myn owne lord fonge+t me nou+gt
but for myne; +terfore y schal goo to hym +tat is more redy
to geve +tan to fonge." +Tanne he cam to kyng Richard,
and was riche ynowe. [^HERE ENDS AN EXCTRACT FROM OTHER         #
MANUSCRIPTS^] Also kyng Richard faverede Gy 
kyng of Ierusalem a+genst Conradus Markys kyng of Tyrus, +tat
+te kyng of Fraunce faverede in +te o+ter side. But he come+t
to +te seege of Acres, +tat was byseged two +gere and al +te
travayle i-lost. For +te engynes +tat were i-brou+gt a+genst    #
+te
citee were i-brend wi+t Grekkische fuyre, +tat no water
my+gte aquenche, no+ter o+ter element. Also +te Cristene men 
wax lasse and lasse, somdel for siknes and somdel for o+ter
defau+gtes and mescheef. Also it was to deled in parties [{for
+te stryf{] +tat was bytwene Gy and +te Markes. Also som
greet of oure side hadde i-fonge money and mede of +te
sowdon.
 
<S SAMPLE 3>
<P VIII,347>
 +Te sixte pope Clement deide at seynt Nicolas day, and anon
+te popes cheef penytauncer, Stevene bisshop Hostiensis, was    #
i-chosen
pope, and was i-cleped +te sixte Innocent. Also +tat +gere
bygan grete der+te of +tinges +tat schulde be soolde, so +tat   #
+te sale
of +tynges was of double price to +tat it was i-wont. Also +te
see and +te lond gan to wexe more bareyne +tan +tey were to
forhonde. +Tis +gere it was accorded and i-swore bytwene +te
kynges of Engelond and of Fraunce, oute take +tat +te kynges
seeles were nou+gt i-sette too +te endentures +tat were         #
i-wrete:
+te accorde was +tat +te kyng of Engelond schulde have alle his
londes of +te ducherye of Gyan +tat were bynome hym to
forehonde by +te kyng of Fraunce, [{so +tat +te kyng of         #
Engelond
shulde leve and resigne up to +te kyng of Fraunce{] al +te      #
right
and +te cleyme +tat he had to +te reume of Fraunce. Uppon +tat
doynge were solempne messangers i-sent in +te kynges byhalf
of Engelond, Henry +te nobil duke of Lancastre, Henry
erle of Arundel, Michel of Nor+teburgh bisshop of Londoun, and
Gy de Bryan; +tese were i-sent to the popes court forto have
<P VIII,348>
+tese covenauntes recorded by +te popes billes; but by sodeyn
fraude of Fraunce, and by assent of +te pope, +tese covenantes
were i-putte of and undo; +terfore Engelond arraye+t forto      #
fi+gte
forto recovere and wynne +te londes +tat were bynome wi+t
wrong, and +te kyng of Engelond entred into Fraunce wi+t
greet streng+te of kny+gtes. But he herde telle +tat Berwyk was
i-take, and come a+gen, and delyvered Berwyk of +te power of
+te Scottes. +Tis +gere was so grete drow+te +tat +tre mon+tes  #
togidres,
Averel, May, and June, unne+te fel a drope of reyn
doun to the er+te. On Friday in Wytsonwyke were tweye
freres of +te ordre of Menoures i-brent in Avyoun for som
fals opiniouns, as it semed +te pope and +te cardynales. +Te 
same +gere, at +te Nativite of oure Lord, +te kyng of Engelond
his eldest sone Edward seilled into Gascoyne wi+t many 
men of armes and archeres, to recovere and wynne +te londes
of +te ducherie of Gyan, +tat +te kyng of Fraunce hadde long
tyme wrongfulliche wi+tholde; +tere Edward dwelled al a +gere
wi+t oute eny reese of enemyes. But in mene tyme he took
<P VIII,349>
and beet doun and spoylled and brent huge citees +tat were
rebel a+genst hym, as Narboun, Carcason, and o+tere; bot in +te
ende of +te +gere of his comynge, +te oon and twenty day of +te
mon+te of Septembre, while +te duke of Lancastre byseged +te
citee of Berenens in Bretayne, Edwerd passed by +te brynkes of
+te ryver of Leyr, +tat is of +te ducherie of Gyan, +tere come  #
+te
kyng of Fraunce wi+t a greet oost, and fau+gt wi+t hym; but +te
kyng of Fraunces men weren i-slawe and i-chasede, and
+te kyng of Fraunce was i-take and i-brou+gt at Burdewys,
in Gascoyne, and was +tere forto Witsontyde. [{+Tis +gere
about Witsontide{] the forseyde Edward seyled out of Gascoyne
into Engelond [{with Joon kyng of Frenschemen{] ; +tan
tweie cardynales come into Engelond forto to trete of pees
bytwene +te tweie kynges. +Tese cardynales dwelled in
Engelond a ful +gere, and +te +tridde cardynal come of his
owne heed to conforte the kyng of Fraunce, and dwellid
wi+t the o+tere cardynales at Londoun. Also +tis +gere,         #
[{+tat{] was
+gere of oure Lord a +towsand +tre hondred and seven and fifty,
[{aboute{] alle Alewen tide, Davyd le Bruce, kyng of Scotlond,
<P VIII,350>
was delyvered, +tat hadde i-be long tyme in warde enlevene
+gere in +te castel of Odiam, and he paide a grete raunsoun.
Also +tis +gere at +te court of Rome bygan greet stryff bytwene
[{+te{] primat Armacan and freres beggers. Also +te same +gere  #
was
grete destruccioun in Bretayne and in Normandye, by Phelip
+tat was +te kynges bro+ter of Navare, and sir Iames Pypyn
and Robert Knolles, and many o+ter Englisshe men wi+touten
heed and wi+touten waraunt of +te kyng of Engelond.
+Tis +gere aboute +te Assumpcioun of oure Lady, Edward kyng
of Engelond, and his eldest sone Edward prince of Wales, +te
duke of Lancastre, and nygh alle +te lordes of Engelond, wi+t
a greet oost of horsmen and of archers i-gadred wi+t aboute a
+towsand chariottes, dwelled somtyme longe tyme at Sandewiche,
and aboute Myghelmasse next +terafter +te forsaide
duke seilled to Caleys; +te kyng and +te prince seilled to +te
same place aboute Candelmasse, and bygunne to ride anon
in +te reaume of Fraunce, but +tat +tey lay in +te feelde of
<P VIII,351>
Burgoyne and in +te champayne anon to +te Anunciacioun of
oure Lady. In +te mene tyme +te Normans londed at Wynchilsee
wi+t a litel navey in Engelond, +te fifte day of Marche,
and assailled +tat toun, and slou+g men, and brent some of +te
toun. But +tere meny of +te see +tefes were i-slawe and
i-dreynt, and +te o+tere deel of +te see +tefes fly+ge to +te
schippes, and went out of Engelond, as +tey were compelled by
+te abbot of Bataylle and streng+te +tat was wi+t hym. +Tis     #
+gere,
aboute seynt Donstones day and feste, Edward kyng of
Engelond toke trewes wi+t +te kyng of Fraunce, in hope of
pees, and cam wi+t his oost a+gen into Engelond. But he loste
many men, horses, and chariottes, besides Parys, the ey+gte+te
day after Estre, by a storme of weder +tat fel +tere +tat tyme.
Aboute Lamasse next +terafter Armacan and +te ordres of
beggers of +te stryf +tat was bytwene hem cessed by heste of
+te pope. Also +te same +gere +te prince of Wales, +te duke of
Lancastre, and many o+ter lordes of Engelond, and +te kyng of
Fraunce, wente to Caleys to reforme the pees bytwene Engelond
<P VIII,352>
and Fraunce. +Tere +te pees was refourmed and assured
wi+t suerte of o+ter in ey+ter side, and +te kynges of 
Engelond and of Fraunce wente home a+gen to her owne kyngdoms
aboute Mychemasse; and sone +terafter were messangers
i-sent to Avyon to +te pope, to conferme +te pees and 
covenante in ey+ter side.
   God be +tonked of al his nedes: +tis translacioun is i-ended
in a +Torsday, +te ey+gte+te day of Averyl, +te +gere of oure   #
Lord
a +towsand +tre hondre foure score and sevene, +te ten+te +gere
of kyng Richard +te secounde after +te conquest of Engelond,
+te +gere of my lordes age, sire Thomas [{lorde{] of Berkeley,
+tat made me make +tis translacioun, fyve and thrytty. (\Deo 
gracias.\) 



