|b{A_Late_Middle_English_Treatise_on_Horses}
|b{ed._from_BL_Ms_Sloane_ff._102-117b}
|b{by_Anne_Charlotte_Svinhufvud}
|b{(Stockholm:_Almqvist_&_Wiksell_International,_1978),_pp._85-147.}
|b{No_bybing_of_lines.}



|p85


    1  |r<b> SUm-tyme olde wise clerckus e
         whiche knewe kyndes & complexcio_nes
         of men & of bestus ei fondon & writoun
      many grete resounus in helynge of bestus as wel as of
    5 men. And for an hors is a best at muche worschepith
      men. & many harmes take rou mys-happus fele &
      ofte-tyme be outerliche I-lost for defaute of help er_fore
      I wol schewe ou as j haue jlerned sum curus for hors
      at al men knowe not. And also wherof e euel co_me
   10 on an hors And also e tokenus erof. where-bi at
      men schul hem knowe. & how ei schul in a good feyre a good
      hors chese.  Hit is nedeful to hym be wise & warre at
      schal an hors bye. ffor ofte-tyme ei at weny hem-silf
      sly. be bi-giled with blynd hors & pursif hors. & oer wicked
   15 tacches at men mowe not redeliche se with here yen.
      erfore .4. yngus ou schalt loke in an hors. & at ei
      faile not. ffurste e schap of an hors at ou schalt
      wite at he be of good heythe to suche trauaile as ou ne_dest
      & at he be  icke & wel I-growe to his heythe &
   20 strongliche I-made. longe sydes & fleyscheful. & grete bod_dockes.
      & rounde. & brod brest bi-fore. & al e bodi knette with
      wrees of brawn. drie bon & hole at schal his bodi bere
      & at schal be a good hors.  e secunde is e beawte of an
      hors at he semy faire. & at he haue a litul hed & a lene
   25 with-oute flesche e skyn rit ny e cheke-bon is not
      for to loke. schort eres & scharp for-sake hem not. gret



|p87


      eyen & oute stepe is wel for to preise. & wyde noseur_lus
      to rast in in hond. an hye hors bifore with a icke
      mane e tayle meneliche long with a good rumpe. a runde
   30 fot & icke bi-come an hors wel. & if his pastron
      be schort he is wel e betere. wyde hors bi-twene e
      chaueles haue. I herde for to preise. & brode bi-twixst
      e yen is good at e countre. And icke warres bi_fore
      e sadel bi-come an hors wel. And lowe-wom_bede
   35 be comeliche good. And flat-crowped hors bu
      esi to holde in poynte.  e ridde is bounte at is best of
      alle. And at ou schalt knowe by ese signus. Loke at
      he be hardi & coragious of herte. redi & lyt of his
      feet & at he go wyde in resoun. & at his lymes treme_li
   40 for at is sygne of strenge. And also ou he reste
      muche at he be esi to hold. & if he be j-take for hastliche
      with e spore at he be sumdel kene. & at he be good to rebaie
      when at tyme is. & is be e signes in a bounte hors.
          e fere is colour at he schal haue of here. for sum haue
   45 betur here an summe as I haue herde telle. ffor bay(-)
      blak. Mylkewhite. don with a blak lyste. yren-graye.
      & oer many hewes at bu not to rekne. ffor what_so
      his at hors bowte.
      |r<b> And when ou hast a good hors at in owen
   50    wille loke at ou be warre bi-tyme at he
      take not harme rou rauhede of blode where_rou
      an hors take many euelis. And us



|p89


      schalt ou knowe when in hors nede to be I-lete
      blod.  3if he be ranke of blod he wol gnappe him_silf
   55 & rubbe him a-ens e walle at he stonde bi. his kaym
      schal stynke. & his pisse schal be rede & icke. his eyen_webbe
      blod-schote & wateri with-alle.  And ouer al his
      bodi er wol rise litel smale bleynes e whiche ou schalt
      aspie bi felyng of yn honde. for ei bu I-hud vndur e
   60 heere.  And he schal leue his mete more an he was
      I-wonede.  And an schalt ou latyn him blod a-boue
      on his necke. & aftur at his stat is ou schalt latym
      blede. if he be passed .v. ere. & be in good poynt to e
      white of .3. pond or .4. may he blede. And if he be
   65 of .ij. ere or of .3. or ellus at he be lene & feble of fles_che.
      a pond & an half wol ouer-take hym wel
         or ellus at e moste .ij. pond.
      |r<b> Many euelus come on hors at bledu not in
      tyme rou at kynde of at euel blod at gendre in his
   70 bodi at is to say e farcioun. at in his skyn bore many
      an hole. schale & mangew. & turtes & many oer
      euellis at I schal here afturward nemyny as ei gendre
      in e bodi of here owene kynde.  And nameliche of
      ese euelus at oon hors may cacche of an-oer at he
   75 stondu bi.  And whan an hors is I-let blod & wol
      not staunche. Or ellus he strobule his veyne with
      rubbynge of hym in self. en schalt ou take felt & brenne
      it sumdel. & wete it in e Ius of e rede nettel. & ley hit



|p91


      upon e ueyne at ou wolt staunche.  Or ellus take
   80 ou e woluyfiste & geder out e dust & medle hit
      with swynes ost at lyue bi e gras. grynde hem
      wel to-geder & make hem on a plaster. & make it hot.
      & ley it to e veyne. & in-to e ridde daye remoue it
      not. Or ellus take hors-cayme & grynd it wel &
   85 bynde it fast to e veyne.  Or ellus sum wol tak
      a feer & twyne it in e heere er e blod renne out
      & feeres bynde ere-to. & so I haue seye hit staunche
      wel I-now.  A charme for to cese blod. God
      was bore in betheleem. Ido on e rode-tre in ierhusalem ful_led
   90 he was in flum iordan. Lord as e flode with-stode
      so staunche is horsus blod. Lord if i wille be. Pater
      noster &. Aue maria. An-oer. Put ese syngnus to e
      nauel I-write vpon sum-yng. fac. per. nomen. matris. Christi. alt
      sacr. & .7. nomen. mari.  An-oer. Take e knotte of a stre
   95 & wete it in e blod & make .v. crosses in e forhed
      & sey ese wordus at euery crosse boram uex. An_oer.
      I coniure e wonde in e uertu of e .v. wondes
      of oure lord ihesus crist. & in e vertu of e mylke
      at he soke of his moder brest & of his de & of his
  100 up-rist at ou rankil noer swelle ne blede ne
      festre no more an do e wonde at longeus
      made with e spere in e rit side of our lord ihesus crist.
         ln nomine patris & filii & spiritus sancti. Amen.
      |r<b> Arcyn is an euel of to muche mosture



|p93


  105 of flesche. & to muche plente of humurus e whiche
      euel sum men clepe e worme. And e cause whi._for
      e forseide humours at be in e flesche make
      rounde holes in e flesche & in e skyn as e angeltwe_ches
      do in e ere.  And also ofte-tymes hit co_me
  110 of blak blod & of humors at renne with-in e
      veynus. & oer-while with-oute.  And oer-while it co_me
      of grete strokes or of a wonde at with-inne too
      mones is not heled.  Also it come oer-while
      bi-twext e schuldres or in e sides. & at may oone
  115 hors take of an-oer.  Cure erfore now wol I schewe.
      Take hede ou marchal to is euel & in what stede it is.
      for oer-while it is in synewe stedes. & in brawne & in
      e cauernes of e bones & in dyuerse place a-boute e
      lymes at euel is to hele. And sum-tyme in fleschy stedus
  120 at is esi to hele. if e farcyn be in e forhalf of his
      bodi. & ou perceyue ranckehede of blod. in his necke_veyne
      let him blede wel.  And if it be on his y or
      ellus in his legge let him blede in his fot & at is good
       And aftur take .3. plantes of auence. & .3. of of wey_brede.
  125 & .3. of egrymonye & a rote of radysche. &
      grynde hem al to-geder. & tempere it with a litul quantite of
      stondinge water of a pole or of sum oer & let e hors
      swelwy him adoun in-to his bodi.  And en aftur ou ma_ke
      a plaster of auence & of e rote of radische of boe
  130 I-liche muche. & a litel swope. & as muche hony. &



|p95


      grynde hem al to-geder & en ou schalte schaue e heere a-boute
      e holes. & ley is plaster er-to.  Or ellus take ar_nement.
      & brenne in e fyer. & take e pouder of it. & as
      muche of vnslekid lyme & tempere hem to-geder with swope
  135 at is old. & with good hony as ou it were gruel. &
      ley it to e holes. & do so twyes on re dayes
      tyl e farcin be drie. & if e holes be to strayte make
      hem wyddur with a rasur.  And while ou curest is hors
      loke he be foddered with barli-straw. or ellus with hard hey. &
  140 prouendre if him non. & as ferfor as ou may let him not
      drynke.  And e farcyn be not in e cauernes of e bone
      ne in e brawn ne in e schuldres. but onliche in e fles_chi
      stedus en do us. Take a rasour & schere awey e
      skyn & make it al bare as fer as it seme e a-tamed
  145 & en tak an hot yre & brenne it wel abouen & en make
      a plaster of auence or ellus of egrimonye. or lekes. & ferst
      grynde hem wel. & do er-to elkus of eyren & faire barli_mele
      & temppere hem al to-geder. & ley a-boue e farcyn.  Or
      ellus take & fille ful e holes of podur of bremston rit
  150 to e grounde. & aftur tak an hot yre at is smal bi-fore
      & put in-to e holes as depe as ei be.  Or ellus take
      a pynte of e ius of planteyne. & a pynte of e ius
      smalache. & half a pynte of e jus rubarbe & half
      a pynte of e Ius of |r[lacuna] & a pynte of e
  155 Ius of e leues of eldre at beru e beries. 7. half
      a pynte of venegre. & half-a pynte of icke hony. &



|p97


      half a pynte of e Ius of morel. & half a pynte
      of e jus of e wilde tesel. & too or re of amydoum.
      & medle hem al to-gederes ln a panne. & set it ouer e fier.
  160 & let it bolle til it be icke. & when it is icke take
      it don. & let it stonde til it be cold. & en take e white
      of .viij. eyron & medle er-with.  is same medicyne
      is good also for boylynge of venum. ese cures as
      I vndurstonde schal hele an hors for e farcioun ful
  165 wel.  A charme for e same. Dytez ceste charme
      par .iij. iors apres le solayl couchaunte sur le chyual uers
      le west turne primez pater noster + hysmabet pater noster +
      mechay pater noster + amathanay + pater noster Crux
      Christi amen + pater noster. Cinke foyrz dirrs cest charme.
  170 par .iij. iours outre le chyual & par seux .iij. iours ne
      doit le chyual este en bon erre ne prouendre mag ne ewe
      currant passer mays selk fame manguse & garra.
       ffor e farcyn & for e feloun a good charme. ln nomine
      patris & filij & spiritus sancti amen. le te coniure felon ou farcyn
  175 ou verme male suz d[a]uant par dieu omnipotent de ceel & de
      terre & de solial & de lune & de tutz creaturis & de sent autres
      & de sent abbes & de sent euesqes bien atturnes com de
      messes chauntere de nuit de noele & de la paylle so[?]
      dount deu fuit en-volupe si tu i es ne demurrez niemt
  180 si tu ne es ne entres poynt al nom du pere & fitz &
      saunt espyrit te coniure qe tu ne augz Ceo ditz
      troi foitz outre le best & garra.  Or ellus take e



|p99


      rede nettel. & e popi rote. & myntes & flex & make
      a plaster & bynde to e frounte of e hors .v. daies &
  185 .v. nyttus. & if him drynke herbes. beteyne. quycseluer.
      And at also for to hele e wondes of e farcyn.
      Tak floure of whete & hony & medle hem to-geder.
      & ley to e sore. & aftur pouder of piper & caste in e
      wondus. & if him drynk of e same & he schal be
  190 hole.  A charme for e same. ln nomine patris. 7 filij. &
      spiritus. sancti. amen. In e worschip of oure lord ihesus crist &
      of oure ladi seynt marie & of seynt Iobis fadur
      soule & for his modur soule & for al his antecers
      soulus sey .lij. pater noster. & .iij. aue maria. Seynt Iob had.
  195 .ix. wormes. & o worme had non hed. Sey us a_boute
      e hors.  Also for al-maner of farcyn. Make
      a plaster of an vnce of vertegrece and eisel
         & arnement & ley er-to a nyt.
      |r<b> MAngew gendere of brend blod & rotoun
  200 & nameliche in herueste when an hors traueyle ouer_muche
      with litel mete. or litul drynke. & aftur ha
      myche reste aftur grete trauayle. And or he be let blod
      he most be trauayle. aen.  And oer-while it
      come upon an hors when pouder & swot I-dried
  205 to. be ouer-nyt. upon him & is not currayde & made
      clene.  And also it wil come of sodayne fast ri_dynge.
      when an hors aftur gret traueyle. or aftur gret
      swetynge stondu vnheled. or out of house. or in eny



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      oer cold stede. e mangew wol bi-gynne bi-side
  210 e necke in e heere & er wol genderi whelkus oer
      bilus & in-oer dyuerse stedus of his bodi. and in e
      same stede wol e here pile awey. & e hors wol
      gnappe him-self & rubbe out of curs. & but at hors
      be holpe in tyme at mangew wol turne in-to a foule
  215 schabbe erfore tak of ese medicynes at folue.
       And if an hors be rancke of blod. en let him
      blod in his necke. & with at same blod hot whas_che
      him ouer-al. & frote-hym rit faste & spare him not. And
      aftur e ridde daye of his blod-letynge let wasche
  220 him wel with hot lie j-made of axes of barli-straw. &
      see-water or with vyneger or with sowre ale.  Or ellus
      wasche him with e croppus of horhone or ellus with sede. or with
      e gresse of an erbe at men clepu hemloke.  Or ellus
      with e croppus of walwort at ha kyndeli vertu with a
  225 porcioun of salt wel j-soden & wasche him wel. & curreye
      him wel-with an hors-combe. & make him rit clene. &
      when he is rit drie or ellus upon e morwe anoynte
      him with an oynement at j schal e teche. ou schalt
      tak e rote of e rede docke & e rote of hemlok.
  230 & see hem wel in vyneger or eysel or wyn. longe til
      ei be rit neysche. & en ou schalt take awey e
      hardust of e herbes & grynde it. or when ei bu
      sumdel drie with olde swynes grece. & with at oynement
      aens e sunne or e fyer loke ou grece him wel.



|p103


  235  Or ellus tak quycseluer & freische grece & hony. por_cioun
      ese re to-gederis & anoynte him er-with & or
      he be anoynted let him blod on e sides & whas_che
      e sore er-with.  Or ellus take .ij. libra of barwus grece
      & a quarterun of uertegrece & a quartron of quyc_seluer
  240 & half a pond of frankencence. & .lj. sauser_ful
      of womman mylke at ha a knaue childe with_inne
      re ere age & medle al ese to-geder & wasche
      |r<b> And if an hors wol gnappe hym- him er-with.
         self. tak e rede water-kerse for ei bu
  245 hatter & bettur en e whit & wermode & hemlok
      with a gret dele of sote til ei be muche iliche to
      grece. & en grece him ouer-al & at schal lete him to
      gnappe. Or ellus wasche him wel in bene bro &
      poune to-geder piper & vertegrece & arnement & cer_foyle
  250 & make a good fier a-boute e hors &
      grece him er-with .3. daies.
      |r<b> Scabbe wol brede in e necke. & on e dok
         of e taile rit as e mangew. & it
      peli awei e heere up bi e rotes so at e hors
  255 wille rubbe him-self at e necke & e dok of his
      taile schal be al bare & at wol come of superfluyte of
      blod. or of oer wicked humourr. & of e same cause at e
      mangew wol gendre so wol is. of bi stonding bi a
      schabbed hors or bi gnappynge of an hors. or if he
  260 be whiped with a wippis curreyed with a combe at a schab_bed 



|p105


      hors ha be curreyd with. or if he ete of e corn
      or of e hey at a schabbed hors ha ymoneld on
      bi-fore. or if e oynde of a schabbed hors come
      muche in his nose.  Cure erfore. If e hors be
  265 stalworde. let him wel blod & wasche e schabbed
      stedes with e hot blod & when it is drie rubbe him wel
      with an hors-combe euer-more til e blod sprynge out
      of e skyn amonge e schabbes. & en ou schalt was_che
      him with a lye at clerkus clepu on latyn capitellum
  270 e whiche is made on is manere. Take .3. parties
      of asche asken. & .ij. parties of askus of bene-halm.
      o partie of vnsleked lym. & medle hem wel to-geder &
      do hem in a brod vessel ful of holes rit as ou
      makest lye & helde aboue see-water or lye at was
  275 ymade of asche askus euer til it droppe. & geder at
      clene in a vessel. & when e capytel is made. take
      an eye of an hen & wynde a rede er-aboute. & do
      it softeli in at capytel. & if it synk not i capy_tel
      is good. or ley er-on a gret neld & if he flete
  280 i capytel is good. Come not hende e hole skyn
      for en it wol make e here pile awey rou vi_olense
      of it-self. but wasche e schabbes with e
      capytel. & at rit wel.  And when it is drie
      en schalt ou grece it with an oynement at is ymade
  285 on is manere.  Take sulphur vyue. & whit
      tartre & blak. & grynde him al to-geder & tempere it with



|p107


      strong eisel. & with oyle til it be of e ickenus
      of an oynement. & twies on e day grece him on
      e scabbede stedus.  And on is same manere do
  290 to an hors at ha e mangew euer til he be hole.
       Or do make suche an oynement for e same. Take
      sulphur vif. & frankencence. nytre & tartre. & as_chyn
      rynde vltriole & vertegrece. whit ellebore & blak.
      erenotes. & elkes of hard-soden eyren. boyle al
  295 ese in oile of olyue til it wexe icke. & with at a_noynte
      e hors twies or ries on e day as e
      ynke best.  Or in is manere schalt ou make &
      oyle aens e scabbe. Tak of e myddel rynde of
      a tre at sum men clepu buchyl & ei make caudeles
  300 of at same rynde. take en at same rynde & schaue
      awey e ouemuste & take e myddel rynde. & hew
      it al smale & fil a pot of ere at is newe ful er-of &
      loke at e same pot haue re holis or .4. in e bot_tum
      er-of. & take an-oer pot at is wel ileded with-inne
  305 & set e pot with e ryndus upon e leded pot & loke
      at e brynkes of e leded pottus moue & e brynkus
      of e pot with e ryndus be wel dabbid with cleye &
      with hors-donge so at non oer flauor entre in-to e
      pottus ne non reche come oute. And if ou se eny reche
  310 come out loke ou daube it eft-sonus. & also e pottis
      moue with e ryndus ou schalt helyn it with a ston &
      daube it in e manere forsayde & en make a good fyer



|p109


      aboute e pottis of wode & cole. And when e wode
      & e cole bu I-brend oute. en take oute e pottis
  315 & e oyle at ou fyndest in e neer pot geder it up &
      with a feer grece e schabbede stedus ries on e daie. or
      oftur if it be nede. & fro e firste daie at e hors is furst
      gresed with is oile loke at e hors be wel kept from
      al-manere wetynges of water & fro gnappynge & rub_bynge
  320 til e .7. daies be passed.  And sum men make
      oile in e same wise at is forsayde oile is made of schra_pynge
      of hertes-hornes. or of drie schauynges of
      aschentre. or of eldir-tre. or of wode appeltre. or of
      e rynde of blak-orn. e whiche oile ey sey for-soe
  325 it is good for al-manere schabbe. & al oer file & maladie
      at gendere on e skyn. +Gif e schabbe be in e dok
      of e taile en schalt ou take blak comyn & grynde it
      see a litel in swete mylke it when it is hote a-noynte
      e schabbe ofte er-with. & loke at e schabbede hors
  330 stonde not amonge oer at ei ne take e same
      |r<b> Alke is an euel at wol gendri in hore of hym.
         & it is called a fyke for-as-myche as it is
      neysche gaderynge of humorus of rede colour or of blo
      colour or blak with-oute hooro spryngynges oute of
  335 e skyn in e manere of a rype fyge where-of it
      take his name. & hit gendre of to myche blod
      at regne bi-twexst e hyde & e hold & us ou
      schalt cure it.  ffurst loke in what lyme at it be



|p111


      & if it be eny-ynge brode. And en ou schalt take
  340 a gobet of leer & make a rownde hole in e myddel
      of e leer aftur quantite of e fyke so at it be fast sittyn_ge
      bi-twexst e fyke & e hol skyn. & take tow cley.
      or past of smal floure & cramme it rit wel so at e
      hole skyn be not I-hurte with eny hot yng at schal
  345 be y-layd er-to.  When it is so ydit take horhoune
      & grynde it wel & make er-of ballus of e gretnus
      of perus. or of e gretnus of e fyke. & ley him upon
      an hot ston or on yren til ei be wel y-rosted. & en
      take a bal al hote & rast in-to e fyke. & when it is
  350 cold ley an-oer to al hote with-oute delay. & so euer_more
      oon aftur an-oer til e fyke bi-gynne to
      wexe white.  And if ou haue non horhoune
      take water-kresus or e myddel rynde of e hasel. &
      make balles. & rost hem & do in e same manere
  355 as it is forsayde of horhoune.  Or ellus if ou
      wolt ou myt schere a-wey e fyke euene bi e
      hole skyn & let e euel blod blede out euerydel en
      schalt ou strawe upon pouder of unsleked lyme
      or of chalke.  And take an yre as brode as
  360 e sore is & let brenne it rit wel til ou hopest
      at e fier come to e hole flesche. And if e
      fyke be in eny jnnor be y-warre at ou do esili at
      e senues ne e loyntus be not ytowched with
      e fyer. And en schalt ou take freische rotho_rus 



|p113


  365 scherne. or henne dryt. or doues dryt & grynde
      it with sope & bynde it er to & let it leye er-to .ij. daies
      stille. & en afturwarde ou schalt anoynte it with sum
      hote oynement at is to say with pentemyron or ellus
      with hony. onus on e day til it be hole. And in e mene_tyme
  370 kepe it wel from lickynge. & from wetynge of
      colde water til .ix. daies be passed.  And if it so be at
      e fyke be gret aboue & smal bi e bodi as a stalke
      of a walnote. take en .v. silken redus. & re heres
      of an hors taile at neuer rode mare. & twyne hem wel
  375 to-geder as an harpestrenge. bynde it fast bi e bodi
      vndur e fyke. And on e morwe aftur if it be asclaked.
      draw it eft fastur. & so ou schalt do oft til e fyke falle
      awey him-self. And when he is falle awey. if so be at
      an-oer wol come vp er aen ou schalt do us.  Do
  380 past or cleye er-upon al aboute as ytold bi-fore
      caste scaldynge hote hony euene er-upon. but loke
      ou kepe with al i myt at not of e hote ynge
      come hende e skynne. & eft-sonus when it is kelid.
      make it rit drie & cast efte-sonus er-upon as ou dedust
  385 bi-fore. & if e ynke at e rotus be depe in e flesche.
      if ou schalt hele it wel as y haue seide bi-fore.  And
      if he haue many fykos in his bodi en ou schalt let him
      blede aftur at his elde & his strenge wol streche.
      |r<b> TOrtes be apostemes in e ouer half of e
  390    flesche. genderynge with-inne e skyn in e



|p115


      manere of a Cake at men clepu tarteles. of e whiche
      he take his name. & it wol come of oute-rage of
      blod at is rotun. & of humours at be bi-twext e hyde
      & e holde. & of hertynge of flesche or of strokes. &
  395 of stondynge bi oer hors. erfore in is cure us schalt
      ou don. ou schalt slitte e skyn of e torte up & don
      euene in e myddes of e torte. & undur-nee er e swel_lynge
      oer e bolnynge stondu. with a flewme ou schalt
      aripe al e bagge & breke e gaderynge at is with_inne
  400 & reste e quyture out. And efte if it nede be
      ronge it rit wel.  Or ellus an-oer manere if e like
      it betere.  Amyddes e torte slyte e skyn euene doun to
      e ere til e slitte come to e hole flesche & en clan_se
      it wel at is redi rotun. And en stoppe e holes
  405 ful of herdus of hempe or of lynne. & loke at ei
      be clene y-dit with-out eny schyues. but wete hem
      furst in botter or in sayme or in e white of an ey. And
      us euery day dit it onus til he be hole.  Or if e
      turte at e furste tyme be nesche. & ou vndur_stonde
  410 at it be rotid. in e stede er e ynke at it
      is neyschest. en ou schalt bi good avyse in e neer
      half make a good sclitte & in eier half of e torte
      quyse it with i fyngrus al e while at er wol
      renne out eny quyter. And aboue on his bak
  415 ou schalt let him blede first in at on side & aftur .7.
      daies on at oer side. And en aftur .xv. daies ou schalt



|p117


      efte let him blod vpon e same side at he was furst er
      late blod. But loke ou do not e last cure of le_tynge
      of blod but if e ynke be good syngnes at
  420 it be nede. at is to say. at blod be enchesoun. or ellus
      oer humors. Where-ro e torte schold al-wei gendre
|r{belongs_to_last_line}  upon e hors.
e Corn
      |r<b> A Corn is an euel & it is cle_ped 
         e corn for-as-myche as e hyde of e hors
      with e flesche. or ellus e flesche bi him-self. is so harde
  425 as ou it were an horne. And at wol come rou
      gret hurtynge & of gret burdyn. & of swellynge. &
      or at swellynge be passed awei efte-so[n]us bere sum heuy
      burdyn at brese it wel more.  Also it come for
      many oer causes of e whiche me nede not telle
  430 of nowe. But for to teche ow how e schul kepe
      an hors at he ne take no suche manere harme. y wold
      if y cowe. us haue j seie men kepe here hors
      from cornus.  When an hors for-trauailed & beru out
      heuy. When e burdun is downe en ei wol tak
  435 of e sadul or e hors be colded. & grope ouer-al
      if el fynde eny hurtynge or swellyng. And if ei se
      or fele eny hurtynge or swellynge. a-non ei take
      cold water & salt to-geder. & waschu ouer-al & frote
      him wel. Also swithe ei set up e sadul aen & so
  440 ei lettu him stonde til he be kelid rit wel. & so do
      ei .ij. or .3. & sette vp e sadul a-bouen aen. & so wol
      e swellynge aswage wel I-now.  But if it be



|p119


      so at e corn be genderid. en ou moste schaue it aboute
      e corn oer e swellynge. & en schalt ou garce it with
  445 many smale pikes meneliche depe. at e brused blod
      may out ren. B[u]t if e bolnynge be out olde. en
      schalt ou first or ou garse him. bae it rit wel with war_me
      water. & at a longe while. & at is for to make
      ynne e bresid blod at it may come out e
  450 bettur.  And aftur ou schalt make a plaster of smala_che
      & of walwort & of askes of elder-tre. grunde
      wel al to-geder. & chaufed in sayme. or in wyn. & lay it
      to e corn.  Or make a plaster of e holi ystel. &
      of faire whete-floure. or of rye. & .iiij. eryn. or of
  455 .v. & al hote ley er-to & aftur when it is roted. & e
      swellyng aswage. en schalt ou take a smal elsen
      & al hot glowyng rest in-to e corn al aboute.
      And take afturward a cloute of hempe or of
      lynne too fyngur brod er e corn is & lay it vpon
  460 e corn. And aftur take a drie stikke of wyi
      or of hasel & wyte er-on longe sponus & ynne
      in-to at on ende of at styke. & at oer ende of e
      styke schal be scharpe. & er-on ou schalt styke
      a gobet of fat lard. & en ou schalt take a long
  465 yren & scharpe. & styke in-to e wyten stykkes.
      & en hold it ouer e fier til it haue y-chaut hete
      of e fier. & hold it ouer e corn & let e larde drop_pe
      ouer e cloute so at e hote sayme may renne



|p121


      in-to e corn rou e holes at e elsen made.
  470 & aftur or e clout be remeued let him swete. & aftur if
      it be nede ou maist take sayme of lard in a sawcer & a_noynte
      e corn with a feer or with a splent of tre. And
      so ofte-tymus til e cor wol arise & may be take out.
       Or take e snayles at be in here schellis. & rlt
  475 so stampe hem to-gederes. & make a plaster & ley to e
      sore. & ofte-tyme meue e corn hyder & idur til he
      arise.  And ou haue nede to ride upon is same
      hors or e corn be oute. en make a ynne plaster of
      e forseide snayles. & set i sadul aboue & schyft hit
  480 not til e corn arise. And y haue seye make a
      plaster of hey askes ytempered with pysse y-leide to e
      corn til at he a-rise. & when e corn is oute en schalt
      ou euery day onus fille e hole ful of herdes wel y_clensid
      of hempe or of flexe y-hewe nameliche
  485 smale. ffor herdus wol kyndellche clensi woundes
      or apostemes & also ei wol not suffri ded fles_che
      engendri in e sore. But let no wete
      of water come on e hole er e corn was inne.
      |r<b> Ded flesche oer-while engendere in wondes.
  490    & in apostemes if so be at kynde helpe & skil_ful
      be not don er-to. or ellus if at sore be not wasche
      & dit in tyme. And erfore schalt ou when ou sixte e
      flesche ouer-passe e brynkes of e skyn with-jnne
      e wonde.  Or if ou se pappes in e brynkes of



|p123


  495 wondes or blaknus with-ynne e wonde. & litel quyter er_ynne.
      at is uerei signe of ded flesche.  And bi at ou
      maist it knowe if ou it touche it wol gladli blede.
      & when ou sixt at. take a rasor & pare it as ney as ou
      maist til ou trowe at ou be at e good flesche. if so be at
  500 veynes & synues lettu not. ffor wite ou forsoe at
      it falle e not to kerue ne to brenne in stedes er veynes
      & synuus buth liggynge as in e loyntes & oer stedes at is
      good ynow bu to knowe. And aftur at it is coruen
      ou schalt brenne it with an hote yre & aftur ou schalt ta_ke
  505 netus scherne & ley er-vpon.  Or ellus take elkus of
      eyrin & herdes. & wete hem er-ynne & ley er-to & remeue
      it not bi-fore e ridde day.  And if ou wilt
      haue out e wicked flesche with-oute keruyng. or bren_nyng
      en schalt ou make suche a poudur. Take e
  510 white of eyrin. & olde sope e blak is e bettere of boe
      iliche myche. & stere hem boe to-gedur til ei be al of
      o color. & take as moche-of unsleked lyme & medle
      it al to-geder so at it be sumdel icke & a-non ley it upon
      e ded flesche. But let it not longe leye er-to for
  515 peyringe of e quycke flesche. And en aftur ou schalt
      anoynte it with oile of olyue euer til it be hole.  Or
      ellus ou maist hele it with bature y-made of smala_che.
      & morel if ou maist gete it. & do er-to whit of ey_ryn
      & a parti of hony & tempere it with rye-floure or with
  520 whete & upon herdus ley it er-to.  Also sum men



|p125


      make suche a poudur for ded flesche ei take .iij.
      parties of vnsleked lyme & .ij. of poudur of oistur_schellus
      & oon of salt. & an-oer of hertus-hornes oer
      netus & stampe hem al to-geders & tempere hem with stronge
  525 ley or with mannus vreyne. & make al at in manere
      of a lof. & in e here. or in e ownen or in e fier bake
      it til it be rit harde. en ou schalt make poudur er-of &
      hote of e pouders a day ley er on. & if e ded flesche
      be y-wasted away in on stede of e wonde & not in an_oer. 
  530 en schalt ou take herdes & wasche hem with spo_tel
      in parti & ley hem vpon e stede at e ynke is clan_sed.
      & er e ynke it is not clene ley of e forseide pouder
      er-to til it be clene wastid away. & ou schalt aftur take herdes
      & wete hem in sayme or boture. or in oile olyue or in hony
  535 or in wyn. & euer-more ley it er-to til ou se e good flesche
      euene with e skyn. en schalt ou with suche a pouder hele up
      e wonde.  Take of an hors-skyn a porcioun. & of e
      bonus of an hors y or of e rybbe. & of an hertus horne
      or of a schep & old scho-soles. or of e keruynge of leer
  540 at ou schalt fynde in corueseruus schoppes. And euereche
      of ese for-seide yngus ou schalt brenne bi hem-self & aftur
      grynde euereche bi him-silf rit smale & take of euereche
      iliche myche & do hem alle to-geder & medle hem wel. & aftur
      do e pouder in-to a bladder & vse it when nede is.
  545  Sum men make poudur of a gras at hate orygan &
      medle it with bark dust. & ley er-to bi it-self & wol helpe



|p127


      at nede. And if at hors schal be y-reden while his
      bak is sore en ou most use e cure aforsaide at
      is to say. at euene take of e sadel. & wasche it
  550 with hot wyn or vryne. or salt water. or in watere at
      horshoune. or walwort or smalache or origan ha_ue
      bi sode ynne. & aftur drye e sore. & ley aen sum
      of ese helynge pouderes or herdes wete in sayme.
      or in sum of e forseide yngus. or a plaster aforseide til it
      |r{layout_rearranged}  be hole
  555 for e schuldur.
      |r<b> And if e schuldur of an hors be swol_le 
         rou stirtynge or fallynge. or if e brawn
      of e sides be bolned or hurte with prykynge of e spore
      en schalt ou helpe him in is manere.  ffirst schalt ou
      schere a-way e here al aboute e bolnynge & en
  560 ou schalt anoynte e sore stede with sayme of lard or with
      hote oile rit ofte. And aftur schalt ou take e leues
      of wermod. & e tendre rotes of walwort & grynde
      hem rit wel to-geder. & aftur frie hem rit wel in sayme
      or in boter & make en er of a plaster & ley it hot to e
  565 swellynge. And loke at ou hold e hole of e
      prychynge sumdel open  And if it be so at is
      manere of swellynge aforseide haue y-be longe
      with-oute helpe en schalt ou sclyte e skyn in myddes
      e bolnynge. And bi-nee in e hole skyn er e swel_lynge
  570 stynte ou schalt kerue an hole & put er_ynne
      a seyne. but loke at ou do it wiseliche for
      hurtynge of veynes & of synues. And if e



|p129


      brest be bolned bi-side e necke of prykynge
      of e spore. or ellus e side. en schalt ou seyne him
  575 in e brest but not ouer ney e schulder ese me_dicynes
         bu good & prophytable.
      |r<b> Swellynge of e side aftur prykynge of e
      spore wol come when at cold watur is entred with_ynne
      e prikynge of e spore. & it is with-ynne
  580 e skyn. And nameliche if e hors stonde too
      daius with-oute trauaile. or swetynge. if it so bi-falle
      en schalt ou take walwort & louache & calamynte &
      wermod or ellus sum of ese if ou myt not come to
      alle. & see hem rit wel. & when ei bu rit wel
  585 y-styued en sette e pot so al hot vndur e hors
      wombe. & keuere him wel so at e sore swete wel. And
      ou schalt take whete-bran & tempere it with drastes of
      good ale. or with e Ius of walwort or of eldrentre &
      at it be icke. And chaufe it en. & ley it to e sore.
  590 And er e ynke at best wol falle upon e side.
      .ij. seynes. oer .3. ou maist sclyly make. so at e synwe
      noer e gret veyne of e side be not gryued.  And
      ofte-tyme it happu at e sides of an hors be bolned
      bitwext e gures. when an hors is ouer straite
  595 gerde & trauayle so strayte y-gurde.  And oer-while
      when he is pricked on e veyne & for narwenus
      of e hole at no blod may oute renne. en schalt
      ou if e bolnynge be rounde. & koppen in myddes rit.



|p131


      vndur-nee e bolnynge aftur be fyft day ou schalt
  600 with an hot swyuel vpward erle. And aftur at ou
      schalt rist oute al e wicked humours er-ynne is y-gende_red
      & do so euer til at it be hole.  And sum men worche
      in is manere if an hors schuldur with styrtynge or with eny
      oer chaunsse be hurte. en ei take & make a seyne an
  605 handebrede vndur-nee e schuldur so at humours at were y_drawe
      in-to [e] schuldre at myt haue yssu bi a styllot & euery
      day twyes or ries ou schalt stere e styllot touward & fro_ward
      so at e quyter may renne oute. And lede e hors a litel
      pas as he may suffri for to drawe e humours e astyllot. And
  610 en afturwarde ou schalt take suche a stertory. Take pylk & co_foyne
      & also myche of pylk as of e oer & grynde e
      mastyk & colefoyne & i sank dragon. And mylte
      i pylk & do e poudur of e oer forsaide er-to & medle
      hem wel to-gedur. & make a plaster er of & ley it to e
  615 ende of e hurte schuldur. & straw it a-boue with herdes
      coruyn smale.  And to e forseide hurtynge is is
      cure good y-now to make seynes in e manere of a cros_se
      & oft-tymes styri hem wel.  And is is a good
      remedie to is cure for to brenne e schuldre with a
  620 wel-y-made yren boe endelong & ouer-ewrt.  ffor
      fier kyndel bifore al oere ynges hath power to
         restreyne humorus. Kankere.
Kankere
      |r<b> Kankere wol frete e skyn with e flesche with
      blak colore at genderi of blak blod. & oer-while it



|p133


  625 genderi on e lyppe of e hors.  And if it so bi-falle.
      en schalt ou tak hempsede. & make it drie. & bete
      it al to pouder. & en cast it in-to e Canker .ij[.] a day
      til it be hole. but in e mene-tyme kepe it wel fro
      wetynge of water. & let him blod in e lift side of e necke.
  630  And oer-while wol an hors lyppe rou sum cas flit up
      aenward & it be rit foule. But en schalt ou brenne e lyppe
      of e flyttynge side & drawe oute e veyne at ou schalt
      fynde in e neer ende of e lyppe with-ynne. & with is
      cure schalt ou brynge e lyppe in-to e state at he was
  635 bi-fore. And if an hors sclaueret oute of curse. Take
      hony & salt & eysel & tempere hem wel to-geder. & wete a
      clout en er-ynne & frote ofte-sye e hors palays
         er-wi al aboue as e ynke best.
      |r<b> Sinwes. +Gif it so be at eny senwe of an hors
  640 be coruen on eny manere: oer y-pricked loke al-wai at
      no cold water towche it. ffor euery senwe is cold. &
      drie & water is cold & moist & erfore e water wol rote
      e senwe if it ney it out.  And wite ou for-soe at a
      senwe wol smerte more at is but onliche y-pricked
  645 or stonyed with a stroke of a ston en it wol ou it were
      kyt a two.  And erfore to suche smertyngus. or pricyngus
      of senwes ou schalt ley hote yngus & perforatifs as
      oile seyme hony or wyn. take of euereche iliche myche
      & welle hem to-geder & do to e sore.  Or ellus take e
  650 poudur of bais-de-lorer. & comyn & hony & make a plaster



|p135


      & ley to e sore. & ley vpon e hole til al e quyter
      be ronne out. Or if e senwes be stonyed with
      fallynge. oer with stertynge. Take wode askes &
      tempere hem wi warme water. & bae wel e sore. And
  655 of e feirist bynde er-to al hote a day & a nyt.
      And ou schalt anoynte it wel with an oynement
      at hatte penta olyf. oer sum oer oynement made
      of oile olyue & grese & of hot erbes y-sode er-ynne
      as rue sauge louache & oer at bu hote of kynde
  660 & with i hande frote wel e sore.  +Gif e flesche
      be wondid & e senwe be rotid & foule y-stonyed
      en schalt ou make a plaster of hony & of walwort
      & e holi malwe & of bran oer of lilie & bynde it to
      e sore.  And if e senwe be korue on lengthe. or a_slonte
  665 if it is possible to be hole. And here-to ou
      schalt take e wormes at men clepu anggeltwe_ches
      & stampe hem with a litel hony. & kerue hem a litel
      afore & ley hem er-to. & do so ofte with-oute eny oer
      medicyn long er-to.  And if an hors senwes
  670 bu kyt a too. Arise up erliche on e morwnynge
      or e sonne arise & take e anggeltweches forseide at
      bu knet to-geder. & put hem in an eren pot. & put oile of
      olyue to hem. & let hem stonde til ei be ded & en take
      hem & e oile to-geder & ley it to e sore. And make
  675 a scho with hye kalkaynes at e lege mowe stonde up_rit
      for at is good for an hors at his senwes bi kit a too.



|p137


      |r<b> RAdunculus. Now wol y telle of a sore at
         clerkus clepu radunculus. And ei sey at
      it is a brod swellynge of rede colour gendered ynne e
  680 skyn & depe in e flesche with rit gret brennynge. & not
      slakynge. & with gret straynynge of e skyn. And it
      wol come in e brawyn & in e senwes of an hors aftur
      prykynge or aftur wonnaynge or of gret hurtynge of
      an hors bak or in e hors side. And oer-while it wol
  685 come with-oute eny hurtynge but of his owene gen_derynge.
      en ou schalt be warre at e sore be towched
      with non yre noer hote ne cold in e bi-gynnynge while
      e humours bu sterynge. oer while ei bu in gloyhynge.
      so at e humours ne be more engendred en ei were bi_fore. 
  690 & greue more at lyme at it is on. or ellus oer lymes
      at bu ney er-to. or ellus renne to sum oer stede ney e herte
      where-row e hor[s] may lache his de. And it wol
      brede of blodi humours at fallu ouer habundantli to e stede
      er an hors is hurte. or ellus in-to sum oer stede of e bodi &
  695 make suche a gret swellyng at is y-cleped in latyn
      radunculus aftur e qualite & e kynde of e humours
      at most regne in e hors: en schalt ou worche in is wise.
      ffurst ou schalt knowe e bi-gynnynge of sores & e
      cause. And aftur e cause of e by-gynnynge aske: so
  700 e by-houe to do i cure.  ffor e bi-houe to knowe
      what ou schalt do in i bigynnynge. & what in e myd_dward
      at is e standynge & what in e fallynge. And



|p139


      of euereche cause where-rou a sore gendre.
      And nameliche of swellynge[s] for ei wol gen_dre
  705 in dyuerse lymes for dyuerse enchesonus. And er_fore
      but at ei be holpe with resonable helpes many
      periles & ofte-syes incurabeles may falle er-of.
       ou schalt at e bi-gynnynge of suche a sore if
      it ynke e at it be nede for ouer-myche plente of
  710 blod with drawe e blod to e froward syde. at is
      for to say if e neer side of e rit half be sor en
      schalt ou let him blod in at ouer half of e lyft side. & if
      it be on e ouer half en on e neere half schalt ou
       let him blod. 3if e sore be in standynge or ellus in fallinge
  715 en schalt ou let him blod in e nexste lyme of e same
      half. And if it be on e ye. or on e legge. en
      schalt ou let him blod on e fote in e same side.  And
      if it so be at suche a sore be of long tyme & e co_lynge
      & e strenge of e dolur be ouer-gon & e co_lour
  720 changi & e same humure rou fatnesse of it_self
      be towed to-gedere as o lt were lyme or
      glw & may not oer-wise be done away. en ou
      schalt with an hot rasur & garse e bonche with
      sumdel depe gaces. & aftur rest out e blod a-non er_of
  725 with sum staf. or with sum oer yng. Oer set a ventose
      er-ynne & draw oute e wicked blod & aftur ou schalt
      make is emplaster e whiche is good to al-manere
      garsyng of rancles & dolowres & to brenny[n]ge y-made



|p141


      with yrens & for to kele & molefye alle harde swellyngus
  730 & hot at come on an hors. Make a plaster of sma_lache
      & of walwort & of askes of eldertre y-grounde
      wel al to-gedere & chaufe it in same oer in wyn & lay it to
      e sore.  Or ellus Make sum oer plaster at be dra_wynge.
      and helynge and ley er-to til it be hole.
  735 |r<b> FOr yen. Here wol y schewe as y haue y-ler_ned
         cure of hors yen at ofte-tyme come on
      place.  3if an hors yen renne water al terus. en
      schalt ou make a striccatory of frankencense. & mastik
      I-poudred rit smal & tempere it with e white of an eye. &
  740 ley on a clout .iiij. fynger brod. & also longe as it wol reche
      fro at on owwong to at oer & en schalt ou schaue
      e hors forhede also brode as e striccatorye schal be. &
      let it lye til e terus stynte rennynge. & be al drie. & ou
      wolt remeue e striccatory with hot water oer with oile ou
  745 schalt it remeue.  And it so be at e eyen wex dymme
      rou eny strok oer eny oer humours at fallu to e eyen
      en schalt ou make a styllot .iiij. fynger brod benee
      e eyen. & aftur ou schalt take a manere of salt at clerkus
      clepu sa[l] alkaly & grynde it rit smal. & kepe it &
  750 blow it with a gose-penne ofte-sies in-to his eye. Here
      it an-oer medicyne for terus of hors of eyen for
      what cause it euer come. Wasche hem .3. on e day with
      rit clere good whit wyn & aftur e wasschynge
      blow poudur of ceruse in his yen. & do so ofte til ei be



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  755 hole.  Also an-oer for e same. Take e elke of
      an hard-sodun eye. & tempere er-with poudur of comyn.
      & bynd it er-to an eue. and do so ofte til ei be hole
       And if er be aboute e eyen swellynge. take e Ius
      of wermod. & droppe in his eyen al aboute. & ley a_boue
  760 a plaster of neysche virgyne wex & bynde it
      fast er-to warme.  And if an hors eye dymme
      rou strikynge or of oer cause. I haue y-seye take
      e Ius of yubarbe at growe on hows-rygges.
      & do er-to also mylke of a womman at ha a knaue
  765 childe to an hors. & a mayde child to a mare. &
      ofte-tyme droppe it in-to e eye with a litel wolle
      til ou se it a-mende.  And y haue y-seye sum men for
      swellynge of eyen rou a strok when an hors myt
      not open his eyen for sore to wasche hem with white
  770 wyn & poudur of aloe epatyk y-tempered er-with.  And
      if a web growe on an hors eye wheer it be old
      oere newe. take tartere & salt-gemme of boe ili_che
      myche. & grynd hem in-to smal poudur. & .ij. in e
      day with a penne blowe a serten quantite of at poudur
  775 in his eyen.  Also to at same take good eyren. &
      bren hem in a pot of clay & blow in-to e eyen. But
      blow ou not ouer-myche of e forsaide ynges at
      ones for-a-ventur at ei do more harme en good
      for al-ynge at is to myche is not.  And it
  780 wol y schewe as y haue herde of proued maysterus



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      a good medicyne. & swye helynge for hors eyen.
      +Gif an hors with fallynge. or with rubbynge. or with
      a stroke be y-hurte in e eye so at he be growyn ouer-al white.
      Take at men clepu on latyn edera terrestris. on englysche
  785 ground-yuy & grynd it rit smal & droppe while it is on
      straynynge .ij. or .iij. a litel clene water er-to for ellus wol
      it not parti wel with e Ius. And when ou hast wel y-wronge
      oute e ius droppe .ij. a day in e sore eye & in fewe daius
      e white schal wery away. And if ou do er-to rit good
  790 white wyn it wol e better worche.  And if an hors
      eye wex feble of sit. Take e lyuere of a blak goot &
      grynde it in a morter al to dust & wrynge oute e Ius
      & of at ius ou schalt droppe in his eyen .iij. dropes at
      on tyme. & .3. at an-oer. & let him blede in e hed-veynes
  795 & vnder e eye.  And for e same schalt ou take e sede
      of a gras at clerkus clepu on latyne. Crisolotamia.
      on englische Melde & grynde it al to poudur & kepe
      it. & blow e poudur in his eyen.  Also take e ordure
      of a man & bake it on a tyle or in an owenen & aftur
  800 put it in a morter & bray. it al to pouder. & sarce it &
      caste e pouder in e hors eye & it wol destrie web & pynne.
       Also for e web. Take e galle of an hare & put it in a
      viole. & take hony & boile it & skymme it clene aboue. take
      of e pure of e myddel of e hony & put it warme to
  805 e galle as myche as er is of e galle & take a feer &
      put in his eyen .3. daies eche day onus.  And if an



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      an hors be apeyred with blod in e eyen. Kyt out & s_hawe.
      & let him blod in e temples & aen vndur e eye[?n]_boes.
       And if an hors be fat in his hed. Kyt out
  810 e [...]us & let him blod in e temple. take a smal alle
      & smyte him rou e nose holde doun his hed. & make
                                        |r{layout_rearranged} him blede.
      <<b> Peyn is an euel at gendre bihynde
         e hors passtrones biside e houe with-oute
      swellynge of e legge & reke & stynke. & stynkynge
  815 humours come out of hit. & it wol gendre of sum hur_tynge
      with sum hard ynge. as tre or ston. ffor us e
      sore drawi reume er-to. And if it so be at in-to e lower
      endes reume descende en it bi-houe vs with cold
      ynge & drie or ellus with meneli hote eue kepe to
  820 suche sorus.  Take a sauser-ful of hony. & re so my_che
      of sote & spyer-webbes & of nettel croppus & grynde
      alle ese to-geder & make a plaster. & ley it hote to e peyn
      euer-more til it stynte of rennynge.  Or ellus take a
      sponeful of same of arnement & too eyrinelkus [...]
  825 prikkes with al e blades. & grynde hem al to-geder &
      ley to e peyn.  Or ellus Take .iiij. parties of smal_grounde
      glas. & .3. parties of arnement. & .2. parties of
      wex & .i. partie of olde grece of a swyne. & make alle
      ese hote to-geder & ley it hot to e peyn.  Or ellus
  830 ley er-to hot mannus drit. or houndus at ha be I-fried e
      day bifore with drie mete of white whete-brede [...]
  832 barliche. or with good b[...] & .3. daius euery dai & grynde hit

                     ere-to 
                              |r[ends_imperfectly]
