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[^THE MAR LODGE TRANSLATION OF THE HISTORY OF SCOTLAND BY  
HECTOR BOECE. ED. GEORGE WATSON. VOL. I. 
SCOTTISH TEXT SOCIETY, THIRD SERIES, 17. 
EDINBURGH AND LONDON 1946.

SAMPLE 1: PP. 158.1-187.20
SAMPLE 2: PP. 257.1-286.20^]

<S SAMPLE 1>
<P 158>
[}HOW CLAUDIUS WERIT APOUN ORKNAY; OF +TE COMMODITEIS
OF +TE CUNTRE, AND HOW HAVING THE KING
CAPTIVE HE TRYUMPHIT ON +TE ORKNAYIS.
CAP=O= XIJ=O=}]

Hereefter the Emprioure Claudius providing +tat without
presoneris and blude of inemyis he suld nocht returne
to Rome, +tat +tarethrow his tryumphale suld be les glorios~
+tan he belevit, inflammyt alanerlie be desire of victorie, he
devisit with awfull ordinance vesy +te Ilis of Orknay, +te      #
extreme
and vtmest of +te occiane, allegiand +te Orknayis, (quham he
belevit be sobir bargane mycht be vincust), had in +te weris
precedent assistit to +te Albianis contrare Romanis. Syne
within few dayis furnist in all necessaris for +te expedicioun
apoun Orknay, and ordering all his affaris in Britane, takand
with him plegeis, fyndand fare wynd and gude weddir for +te
saill, ffra Britan he departit towart Orknay. Quhen he
approchit to +te ilis, be contrare tydis in Pichtland Firth, in
stark stremys rynnyng betuix +te promontoure of Dwne and
Orknay, naroly he evadit drownyng. Ffinalie with grete
laubouris, nocht without dangere of his liffe, he wan +te land
of Orknay. Na man in +te ile quhare he first arrivit was sene,
ffor the inhabitantis, (quhilk at cuming of Romanis ran to
+te coist syde), war affrayit be multitude of +te navyn and     #
fled
fra +te sey, lurkand in cavernys and cavis amang craggis.
Leiffand +tis ile as denude of pepill, with his army he salit
to +te Ile of Pomonia, (now Kirkwale), quhare landing his
folkis and waling ane convenient place for +te camp, he tuke
with him Vespasiane to ane hicht to explore the nature of +te
ilis. Quhen be skurreouris he was certifyit the ilis aboundit
abone estimacioun in schepe, nolt, hors~, gate, cwnyngis,
swannys, crannys, herons, pluvaris, capons, geis~, dowis and
mony vthir sortis siclike, for +te vse of men; and how in
Orknay was nowder wolf, fox, taid, serpent nor vthir noysum
vnbeist; the fertill ground producit cornys of diuers~ sortis
quharewith +te feildis war plennyst for +te present; in +te     #
sey,
beside aboundit fisch, quhilk be litill lauboure mycht be       #
takin;
<P 159>
inhabitantis grewe weill in age, liffit mony +geris, passit     #
+tare
tyme with gude heill of persoun, and +tarefore vse of           #
medicinaris
was almaist amang +tame vnknawin; he ammervellit
mekill and thocht +tat +te Ilis of Orknay for fertilite,        #
temperate
and halesum are, mycht be preferrit to mony vthir
regiouns be testifying of famous~ authouris apprisit. On +te
morne +te emprioure, be certane captivis of rurall bodijs, was
certifijt within xij mylis fra +te Romane camp was ane castell,
be craft and naturall situacioun strenthy and strang. In the
samyn was Ganus, king of Orknay, the quene and his barnys.
Tharefore he send ane cumpanye of weremen to assege +te
fortalice. Romanys apoun +tare vyage saw apoun ane hill
beside, to +te nowmer of ij=m= inhabitantis quhilkis had cumin
fra +te ilis adiacent, cavernis and covis quhare +tai had all
nycht lurkit. At +te strange sicht of Romanis the Orknayis
war affrayit. Bot Romanis persewand and Orknayis seand
na place to fle, +tai tuke hardyment and with terribill         #
schowtis
ruschand apoun Romanis the batell, scharp and kene ane
quhile was +te bargane. Ffinalie +te inhabitantis war rebutit,
and all for +te maist parte slane or takin. Ffew +tat evadit
fled to +te nixt castell. Be +tis victorie Romanis reiosing     #
tranoyntit
to +te castell, assail+geing it with ane strang assege.
Certane dayis +te garnison within be grete force sustenit +tare
assaltis. Ffynalie, quhen nowder be +tare pussance mycht
+tai resist, nor nane esperance was to haue reskew fra          #
nychtbouris,
wilfully to Romanis +tai become randerit. In +te castell
tane was Ganus king, +te quene and his barnis, and in irenys
led to +te schippis. In +te castell Claudius certane dayis      #
remanit,
and vesyit +te vthir ilis. Sone eftir, findand wynd and tyde
convenient, with his armye fra thyne he departit and on +te
aucht day arrivit at Calice, quhare Romanis landing, becaus
be batellis, weris, walking and saling, +tai war wery, be       #
tollerance
of +te empriour +tai gaif +tame certane days to rest. In
+tis sort the Orknay weris fynissit, be ane licht bargane       #
without
mekill blude. The Empriour Claudius to Rome returnit,
quhare with mekill pompe he tryumphit, having Ganus, king
of Orknay, his barnis and v+teris captivis, with the plegeis of
Britan led in tryumphe before his chariot. Of +tis expedicion
<P 160>
made be Claudius, first in Britan, syne in Orknay, authouris
ar Swetonius Tranquillus, Ewtropius and Bede; amang
vtheris mare recent, Schir Iohne Campbell and Cornelius
Hiber. This tyme +te apostill Petir fra Antioche went to
Italie, eftir he had constitute grete nowmer of kirkis in Asia,
and in Rome preicheand +te ewangell, began +te origin of the
kirk militant, and siclike was +te Assumpcion of +te glorios~,
incontamynate Virgine Marie, moder of our Saluatoure,
Ihesus, to +te celestiall glore in +te v +gere of +te Empriour
Claudius and oure Redempcion xlvij. Now to our historie
lat ws returne.

[}HOW ARVIRAG REPUDIAT HIS QUENE AND SPOUSIT ANE
ROMANE LADY; HOW WALIS AND VTHIR SCHIRIS CONTRARE
HIM CONSPIRIT, AND WAR VINCUST. CAPTO XIIJ=O=}]

Arviragus, (as said is), be authorite of +te empriour regnyng
in Britane, repudiat and incarcerate his iust spous~, Voada,
sister to Caratak, king of Scotland, eftir apoun hir he had
gottin ane onelie son and twa dochteris, syne be incestuos~
mariage copulate to him Genissa, ane nobill Romane woman.
It was plane this divorce was made be slicht and polecy of
Aulus Planctius, be quhais avise and counsell all thingis war
done within Britan, +tat quhen the affinite betuix King         #
Caratake
and Aruyrag war dissoluit, gif Britouns wald ony tyme contrare
Romanis rebell, thay suld lippin na supple fra Scottis. The
heris of Walis and Tegenis, (quhilkis of +te commoun weill and
honoure of +tare prince tuke grete cure), knawing +te repudie
of +te quene, weying hevily +te lichtlynes done to +tat nobill
woman, euer lauboring for weill of +te Britan kinrik, and +tat
+tare king without avise of his counsell had myxt his kyn and
blude with Romanis, be mony resouns tendit persuade him
to resaue of new Voada, his derrest spous~, quhilk mony +geris
had liffit with him in iuste matrymone, and excluding +te
Romane adulterare suld intertenye his lady of +te blude royall,
as efferit ane princes, memorative of +te fare barnis apoun hir
procreate +tat to thame na thing mortall may be to men          #
preferrit,
<P 161>
and suld in mynde revolue quhat vtilite mycht follow
apoun affinite with nychtboure naciouns gif be aventure inemyis
wald invade, and suld be vigilant +tat be flatterie of Romanis
he suld nocht birn in wilfulnes to his awne dammage,            #
quharethrow
he and his liegis mycht be seperate fra +tare confederatis
and freyndis be ane new pestilent fantasie of ane corruptit
woman. Quhen be +tir persuasiouns and diuers~ vtheris thay
had lang tyme in vane assayit +te kingis mynde, and be his
wordis and doingis +tai fand nocht ellis bot be plesuris of his
new spousage he wald without respect to honeste or gude
maneris rage in his blind affectioun, on nycht +tai brak +te
presoun and tuke +te quene and hir barnys to Walis. Arvirag,
knawing +te cais~, aduertist +te nobillis of his realme how his
liegis of Tegenis and Walis, in quhom he confidit maist and
quhare he was borne and nurist, had dispitefully vsit apoun
him fellony, becaus with +te quene Voada he had maryit ane
vthir Romane lady: like as to him war vnlefull to haue
pluralite of wyiffis at his plesure, howbeit sic actis nowthir  #
be
ritis or lawis of Britouns war defendit. Be rage of lufe he was
nocht hereto kendillit, bot erare +tat Britouns suld multiply
and incres~ in ane ferme and solid nacioun with Romanis, to
quhom on nede +tai behuffit obey. He besocht +tame gif +te
Tegenis and Walis wald fail+ge fra him and Romanis +tai suld
defend the affaris of Britane and fidelite latelie to Romanis
promyst. Be +te heris of Britons was ansuerit: it was nocht
lefull to Arvirag without avise of his wyse barons to induce
ane new lady apoun his first spous~; iniuris done to +te quene
war to +tame richt displesing, allegiand +te samyn thing        #
almaist
as did Tegenis and Walis. Arvirag, knawing how Britouns to
him war myndit for his recent mariage, thocht na tyme to
defer +te mater and at persuasioun of Planctius, (erare be his
command), haistelie assembling his folkis, movit apoun Tegenis
and Walis, quhilkis with na les diligence contrare him gaderit
power. On athir partie quhen ane stark armye was reddy,
King Arvirag and Romanis convoyit be Planctius, chiftane,
contrare inemyis straik +te bataill. To +te Tegenis and Walis
was +te bargane sare and cruell, ffor sum parte of +tame war
slane and +te remanent chaissit. On +te morne Arvirag and
<P 162>
+te lieutenent Planctius war certifijt how contrare him and
Romanis conspirit war the Icenis and Lobwnys. Thir pepill
for +te tyme inhabit Darbyschire, Lancastre and +Gork, with
rowmys adiacent, as before is said. Herefore Arvirag and
Planctius, fering inemyis suld invade Kentschire and est
partis of +te realme, devisit returne to Londoun to defend      #
+tare
gudis within +te ciete. To London quhen +tai come Planctius,
confiding litill in Britons, send in Gallia for supple of twa
legiouns; syne, stuffing +te strenthis with stark mvnycioun,
passit his tyme in +te camp with the armye.

[}HOW THE NOBILLIS OF WALIS AND V+TIR SCHYRIS CONDESCENDIT
+TAT TO CARATAKE, KING OF SCOTTIS, SULD +TE
GOUERMENT OF +TE WERIS BE REFERRIT AND HOW HE ACCEPTIT
+TE SAMYN. CAP=O= XIIIJ=O=}]

Quhill Planctius was intent to sic thingis the heris of
Walis, Tegenis and Icenis convenit at Corymyne, (now
Schrewisbery), to consult quhat best war to be done in +tis
mater sa full of trubill and danger. At +tis convencioun was
concludit +tat all +te pepill of Tigenis, Icenis and Walis,     #
abill
to bere wapynnys, with haill pussance contrare Romanis suld
debate, owthir to expell +tame Britane, or ellis stoutlie all
atanis offer +tame self to dede. Siclike in this convencioun
war messagis decretit to solist +te pepill of Cornwell,         #
Candalis
and Damonis, (occupying in auld tymes the boundis of Kendale,
Carlele and Durame to +te march of Anandale), with +tame to
be participantis. In the hervist following the chiftanis of
Cornwell and Carlele, saling +te sey fra Cornwell deviding      #
Walis,
come to Schrewisbery, quhare +te ilk tyme war cumin the heris
and nobillis of Candale, now Westmarland, and at convencion
plene+git lang and hevilie the iniuris of Romanis, blamyng
+te inconstance and myscheant goverment of +tare king quhilk,
contempnyng his awne nacion, desirit erare be servand and
sclaif to Romanis +tan be king of Britons; concludit with all
+tare study and pussance to were apoun Romanis: +tai war sa
inflammyt to recovir liberte and glore in armys as +tai war in
<P 163>
vse afore. Syne amang the nobillis was questioun to quham
suld be committit +te goverment of +tir weris, ffor euery       #
nobill
attemptit to reserve this prerogative to him self. Than Comws,
gretest of Walis, said: "Freyndis, we may contract lichtlie
ane armye of oure folkis and freyndlie nychtbouris mare
strenthy +tan be ony force may be resistit, sua be discipline
and ordoure of were our affaris be rewlit, becaus in reule and
ordoure standis onelie baith honour and victorie in weris. To
ordoure and reule sa contrarios~ ar division, debate, discorde
of chiftanis and ambicioun of governouris +tat, quhare ony
of +tir premiss~ amang weremen has place, na ordoure, band
of amyte, nor freyndschip may be obseruit; howbeit to werelike
discipline +tir concernis maist becaus without +te samyn
na victory apoun inemyis may be conquest. Quharefore all
ambicion is to be removit, contencions and debatis slokynnit,
and ane man, on nede, be all oure votis mon be chosin, to
quham we all sall obtempir, and, be directioun of +tis          #
chiftane,
+tis instant were mon be dressit, gif we desire victorie and
wald tryumphe honestlie apoun inemyis. Now sen I persave
nane of ws in +tis cais~ sall refer to vthir, becaus diuers~ of #
ws
ar almaist equale in blude and substance, I think best, gif +ge
assent hereto, ane message be send to Caratake, cheif of
Brigancia and king of Scottis, becaus he bure euer cruell
haterent contrare +te Romane name, praying he will with ws
revenge +te dispitis done to his sister Voada, him self and his
kinrik be Arvirag, king of Britouns, and, be force of armys,
defend +te caus of his nevo, quham +te king, his fader, be
persuasioun of Romanis tendis defraude of his iuste heretage.
The cais~ to him be law of nature pertenis, and herefore +te
maist parte of Britons has contrare Arvirag conspirit, and,
gif he will at oure request accept +te charge of +tis were, the
tutory and goverment of his nevo, quhill +geris of perfectioun,
to him sal be committit, and we sall promytt to obtempir to
him in +tir present weris. I beleif +tir premis~ mare eselie    #
may
be impetrate at +te king of Scotland, (sua +ge condiscend       #
hereto),
+tat to his sister and nevo, his gude lufe and kyndenes was
euer naturalie applyit." Britouns, following +tis sentence of,
Comws, haistelie to Caratake directit ambassiatouris, beseking
<P 164>
him for +te thingis be Comws said. The king, benynglie resaving
+te ambassiatouris and hering +taim peticioun, ansuerit, he
weyit nocht +te dishonoure done be Arvirag to his sister and
nevois samekill as quhen, in hurt of him and kinrik, he
spousit ane Romane woman iniustlie: Romanis be +tare
inveterate consuetude of dissymulit amyte had in vse be
diuers~ policyis and fraudulent wayis on far and on dreich
to invaid kinrikis and of crownys and scepteris dispule+ge
princis providing nocht +tare fraude and mak +tame subiectis
and tributaris: at +te first signis of were he suld with        #
Britouns
be present with his folkis in werelike wedis contrare Romanys
to pas~ in quhat partis +tai plesit, and suld employ all his    #
pussance
for weill of his sister, nevoyis and felicite of +te            #
inhabitantis
Albion: doutles of him and his liegis +tai suld beleif
nocht ellis.

[}HOW CARATAKE OF SCOTLAND CONVENIT WITH THIR NACIONS
FORESAIDIS ORDORIT +TE ARMY OF ALBIANIS AND STRAIK +TE
BATELL CONTRARE ROMANIS CAP=O= XV=O=}]

Ambassiatouris, departing within schort tyme, to Schrewisbery
returnit, schewand +te ansuere of Caratake and his
counsell. The wynter following on all partis fra weris was
abstenit. At +te first signis of somer +te heris of             #
Schrewisbery,
Tegenis, Walis, Cornwell, Damonis and vthir naciouns,           #
rebellaris
contrare Romanis, appoynting ane meting, decretit that all
men abill to weild wapynnis and armoure suld convene, proponyng
pane of dede gif +tai disobeyit +te charge. To +te
meting +tai assignit ane speciall day and place quhare +te
power of Scottis and Pichtis, solistit afore be ambassiatouris
to defend +tare liberte, suld convene, and apoun +tame with
grete esperance awatit. At day prefixt in +te feildis beside
+Gork, of Britons favoring +te partie of Tegenis and Walis      #
abone
auchty thowsand assemblit. Siclike come Conkist, king of
Pichtis, with his noblis, and Caratake of Scotland with stark
power, to debate +tare commoun liberte and lawis. Be +tare
cuming Britouns war sa kindillit in curage +tat nocht onelie
<P 165>
to batell bot erare thocht +tai past to tak +te Romanis         #
presoneris,
as +tai had bene vincust and ouresett. Syne +te Britane         #
nobillis
to +te twa princis randerit grete thankis for benevolence       #
schewin
to +tame, lauboring in sa dangerus estate for +te present, and,
as before was decretit, consentit to commytt +te gouerment of
the weris to Caratake, king of Scotland. He, resaving the
reule, to haue +te weris be wisdome and strenth convoyit,
ffirst to +te armye distribute capitanis, to quham he chargit
+te remanent suld obey, beseking euery man attend baith to
+te singuler and commoun weill and nocht, neclecting +tare
liberte, becum randerit in handis of inemyis to be pynyt at
+tare plesere, memorative of +te vassalage of antecessouris
quhilkis fra Albion expellit Iulius Cesare, of all Romanis +te
maist vail+geant chiftane. Be +te weill convoyit and maist
prudent wourdis of King Caratake +te Albanis, in curage         #
erectit,
with glade continence and full of esperence contrare Romanis,
inemyis of +tare liberte, procedit. Quhen to Alvirag, king of
Britouns, and Planctius, +tir premiss~ be skurreouris and       #
fugitivis
war schawin, with na les~ diligence +tai devisit +tare          #
ordinance.
Nocht+teles Planctius thocht nocht expedient to fecht
incontinent in ordorit batell contrare sa copios~ multitude
of inemyis, knawand weill weremen of all gadering war cruell
and wald postpone all perillis, ffor of sic men aboundit the
oistis of Albianis, and had bot litill prectik in wourthy       #
discipline.
Quharefore be productioun of tyme, laubouris, walking
to quhilk +tai war nocht accustumyt and penurite of thingis
necessare, +tai war to be tyrit. Be +tis way, (as he belevit),
inemyis, but grete effusioun of blude, mycht be ouresett. To
Arvirag and his folkis +tis devise was plesand. Quharefore
diuers~ dayis +tai maid continence of batell. Howbeit +tai
delayit +te samyn vnto +te tyme +te confusit multitude of 
Albianis grew wery and nowdir mycht be reulit nor war sufferit
to seik victualis in +te cuntre. Grete parte of +tame,          #
+tarefore,
compellit be penwrite of viueris, leiffing +te armye, privelie  #
on
+te nycht haue returnit. Of +tame sum parte happynnyng
amang Romanis, tane and to Planctius led, schew how +te
armye be hungir, travell and walkyngis, to quhilk +tai war
nocht accustumyt, was cummerit, irkit and wery. Planctius,
<P 166>
on +te morne, ordoring his batellis towart inemyis, tranoyntit,
commanding his folkis but tary strike +te bargane. Caratake,
knawing quhat Romanis devisit, to his folkis gaif ane signe
to tak +te feild, devisit +te day precedent. Ffollowit ane      #
bataill
scharp and kene and mony woundis on athir partie war resauit.
Romanis in cast of dartis war mare exercit +tan inemyis,
Britons and Scottis in archerie and slungis, quhareby +te left
wyng, quhare Arvirag facht, apperit to be oursett. Bot
haistelie to +tame in sic perrell occurrit Planctius, with      #
fresch
power renewing +te battell. Doutsum indurit +te fecht quhil
+te late nycht had be myrknes removit all sicht, +tat on nede
+te fechtaris disseuerit becaus inemyis fra vtheris mycht nocht
be decernit. On +te morne at spring of day na thing was sene
quhare +te feild was stirkin except +te carions of men slane    #
+te
day before; ffor athir army to vthir gave place and leiffing    #
+te
feild fled at the stragill to +te montanis. Planctius,          #
attempting
to renew his armye, mycht nocht haue his intent, his folkis,
fra tyme first +tai gaif +te bak, war sa affrayit. Quharefore   #
with
grete tynsell of hors~men he departit towart Londoun. Be na
les~ mischeif Caratak was stirkin. +Tarefore, collecting +te
residew of his folkis, he tuke purpois~ suffer +tame depart to
+tare cieteis and townys, chargeing +tai suld at all tymes be
reddy to +te weris quhen proclamacions suld be made. He
went to +Gork and fra thyne, eftir he had remanit certane dayis
to refresche his curage, to Cariccioun. On all partis fra weris
was abstinence the remanent +gere, quhilk was +te fyft eftir
the Romane weris in Britan war begunin.

[}HOW PLANCTIUS BE AMBASSIATOURIS DESIRIT REDRES~ FRA
CARATAK, AND OF HIS RESPONS~. CAP=O= XVJ=O=}]

This quhile Aulus Planctius to King Caratak directit            #
ambassiatouris,
quhilkis suld say he was na litill amervalit +tat
he, prouokit be nane iniuris, suld infer batell to Romanis and
suppleit inemyis nocht anerlie with power of folkis bot als he
acceptit +te haill charge of +te weris, and richt vnfreyndlie
invadit the Romane province, nocht remembring +te beneuolence
<P 167>
schawin be Claudius, divyne emprioure, towart him and
his kinrik quhen he subdewit Britan and mycht lychtlie haue
removit him fra his sene+georie, +git he abstenit to iniure him
and his pepill of Scotland, turnyng all his werelie ordinance
apoun +te Orknayis, pepill euer to +te nacioun of Albion infest
and noysum: quharefore he suld redres~ the skaithis latelie
inferrit to him, +te Romane armye and v+teris, his freyndlie
nychtbouris, and abstene fra new iniuris: v+terwayis, +te
empriour and Romane senatouris suld repute Caratak and
his pepill mortall inemyis in tyme cuming. To +tis ansuerit
Carataik: The Romane legate had na caus~ to be amervellit,
how beit with all pussance and strenth he come in supple of
Britouns +tat Guiderius his nevo suld nocht be defraudit of his
regnne, iustlie to him pertenyng: he had mare mater to
amervell quhy Planctius impellit King Arvirage to +te repudie
of +te quene, Voada, ane woman of preemynent vertew, and
with dishonour kest hir in presoun; syne induceit ane brokin
Romane woman, extemyng na thing his iust spous~, to +te
effect +tat +te +gong prince Gwidere, (for lak of +geris,       #
deserving
of na man vnkyndenes), suld of his iuste heretage and regne
be dispule+gete: bot gif, eftir +te commoun opinioun, in sorte
of Romanis, led be insaciabill ambicion to invade kinrikis and
rowmys na thing to +tame pertenyng, he was oure desirous of
dominacion and devisit first to reif fra Britons +tare kinrik
and +te remanent of Albioun +tareeftir, he invadit nocht +te
Romane province bot defendit, (as was resoun), +te actioun of
his sister and nevo, fermelie beleving +te goddis eterne suld
revenge iniuris done to +tai innocentis quhen +te pussance of
erdlie men mycht nocht prevaill: and how beit Claudius,
Romane emprioure, eftir subiectioun of Britan, turnit his
weris fra Scottis and Pichtis, he menit na benevolence to +tame
+tarethrow, bot erare becaus he knewe gif it aventurit +tame
be vincust, without cruell bargane +tai mycht nocht be          #
ouresett:
he passit apoun +te febill, rude pepill of Orknay, na thing     #
expert
in armes, +tat quhen +tai war lychtlie ourethrawin he mycht
dispule+ge +tare ilis and turs~ +te pray to Rome, avanting +tat #
he
was ane mychty emprioure and vincust +tai febill bodyis and
brocht +tame in tryumphe +tat sua, be purchest glore eftir sa
<P 168>
grete weris, he mycht mare glorioslie enter in Rome: be +te
contrare the recent and ald iniuris of Romanis done to Scottis
and Pichtis aucht to be amendit, +tai suld departe clenelie fra
Albion and leif +te samyn fre to +te inhabitantis: vthir wayis
+tai suld in tyme cuming be assurit +tat Scottis, Pichtis and
Britouns, of all +te warld maist remote pepill, quham sa        #
of[{t{]
+tai had contempnit, throw naturall affectioun to the liberte
of +tare kinrik and lufe to +tare native goddis suld to Romanis
be perpetuale inemyis. The ambassiatouris departing, quhen
to +te Romane heris +tai had reportit as +tai herd,             #
indignacioun
kindillit the mynde of Planctius +tat +te Scottis pepill,       #
nowder
potent in weris nor opulent in riches, suld sua contempne +te
Romane pussance, and in +tare folie hardyment sua confiding
+tat lippynnyng mare in +tare awne strenth +tan all v+tir       #
pepill
of +te warld, thocht +tai mycht nocht to +te Romane Impire
be subdewit. Quharefore, testifying +te goddis in presens of
mony nobillis, he schorit to revenge thir outrageous iniuris.
Siclike avowit diuers~ v+tiris, be exempill of Planctius,       #
kindillit
be +te presumptuos~ and contumelios~ wourdis of Caratake in
reproch of the imperiall maieste and Romane pepill. About
+tis tyme Arvirag, king of Britan (thinking gif his power with
the haill pussance of Albiouns war conionit, Romanis mycht
be vincust and expellit +te ile), desirous to recovir his       #
liberte
and honorabill name, leiffing Planctius he past with +te        #
nobillis
of his realme to him assisting, to Schrewisbery, in Walis to
Comws, (of quhom before is rememberit). His cuming was to
Comws and vpir heris of Tegenis and Walis, (quhilkis for +te
tyme convenit in counsell at Schrewisbery), richt thankfull
and erectit +tame in ferme beleif to recovir +tare liberte.     #
Quhen
hereof certifijt was Genissa, the Romane lady, graif with
chylde, (how scho was intertenyit be Arvirag in place of his
iust spous~ is schawin), vnderstanding how scho was contempnit
and of matrimoniall dett defraudit, be suddane displesoure scho
departit with hir birth; quharethrow followit haisty dede.
Than Aulus Planctius daly thinking he mycht confide na
thing in Britouns (quhilkis howbeit +tai testifyit inmortall
goddis, had sa oftymes violate +tare fidelite promyst to        #
Romanis),
with stark garnisoun and victualis he stuffit castellis,        #
mwnyciouns,
<P 169>
fortalicis, burrowis and cieteis to +te Romane domynioun
obeysant; syne haistelie to +te Emprioure Claudius send
writingis, pleyn+geing mekill +te dissate of Britouns +tat      #
nowder
be gude dede of Romanis, remembrance of amyte nor be grete
aithis, quhareto +tai war astrictit, mycht +tai be kepit at
fidelite: now vniuersalie with all pussance, studie and         #
substance
+tai war intent to were contrare Romanis and +tareto
had rasit Scottis and Pichtis, felloun, inhwmane and cruell
pepill, be quham Romanis in +te last iournay tuke na les~
myscheif +tan to +tame +tai inferrit: nocht alanerlie had +tai
now ado with Britons bot with all inhabitantis Albion throw
+tare solistacion and wayis: he suld herefore consult apoun +te
Romane affaris in Britane, tending to sic dammage +tat be
multitude and perseuerant audacite of +tat barbare pepill,
amangis quham was na place of lawte, honeste, reuerence of
goddis, nor men in erde, +tai suld nocht suffir sum notabill    #
and
haisty harme. Quhen +tis to +te Empriour Claudius was
schawin, he devisit with diligence to suple Planctius and
Romanis with him in Britane. Herefore be decrete of senatouris
Vespasiane was chosin chiftane, to dant +te rebellioun
and defend +te Romane sene+georie in Albioun.

[}HOW VESPASIANE RETURNIT TO BRITANE; HOW +TE KINGIS
OF SCOTTIS, PICHTIS AND BRITONS PERSEWIT HIM BE
BATELL AND WAR DISCUMFIST. CAP=O= XVIJ=O=}]

Nocht lang hereeftir Vespasiane with ane armye fra Rome
departit and be grete travell come in Gallia quhare,
waling new power, he augmentit his armye and to Britane
brocht +te samyn. Be diuers~ kyndis of honour Romanis in
Britane ressavit Vespasiane, becaus be weredis (as amang
+tame was opinion) +tai traistit for his excellent and singuler
vassalage he was sum tyme to be exaltit to grete honouris.
Vespasiane, knawing how +te Romane affaris stude in Britane,
employit all his diligence to reduce +tame to bettir forme.
Ffirst he convenit Aulus Planctius to knaw gif +te myscheif,
resauit latelie be Romanis contrare Albianis in batell, was
<P 170>
happynnyt be his myscheant gouerment, (as was +te brute),
and be necligence of weirlie discipline. Planctius for his      #
purgacioun
schew doingis and na wourdis, how castellis, quhare
remanit +te Romane garnisoun, be fowsyis, dykis and trenschis
war weill strenthit and with mwnicioun providit, conforme to
+te Romane vse, like as be inemyes +tai war incontinent to be
assegeit. In +te campe +te men of were be incredibill ordoure
war at sic reule, without all occasioun +tat mycht mak +tare
myndis effemynate or dolf, and all werelie ordinance sa wyislie
convoyit +tat the chiftane Vespasiane and his cumpanye gretelie
war amervellit. Herefore be Vespasiane was Planctius commendit,
belefing +tat be onelie convoyance of Planctius, how
beit nan vthir supple to Romanis had arrivit in Britane, all
inhabitantis Albioun mycht eselie be vincust. Sone eftir
Vespasiane chargeit ane expedicioun be preparit contrare
Arvirag and Britons quhilkis had violate thare faith and        #
fail+gete
fra Romanis. Arvirag, knawing quhat Vespasiane devisit,
commandit his noblis convene at +Gork, quhare be writingis he
knew Caratak of Scotland with +te nobillis of his realme was
to cum; and consulting, +tai decretit +tat at day assignit      #
nocht
all +tare folkis abill for were, as in +te +gere precedent,     #
suld
convene to resist +te violence of Romanis, bot certane of euery
regioun suld be walit, becaus be sic confusit multitude nowder
mycht +tai discerne +tare avne folkis nor haue victualis        #
sufficient
to +te armye. Thay commandit herefore +tat Carlele,
Kendale and +tai boundis suld furnis vj=m= men, the Tigenis
and Walis with +tare nychtbouris xij=m=, Kentschire and +te
pepill adiacent suld furnis elike nowmer, the Icenis and
remanent Britons obeying +te sene+geory of Arvirag, xxxv=m=,
and euery man suld with victualis for twa monethis be providit.
All thir completing +tare nowmer beside +Gork convenit,
quhare come King Caratake, (as before was devisit), with
xxx=m= Scottis; siclike Illithara, king of Pichtis, with na     #
litill
power. Syne to naciouns of euery regioun war maid
capitanis, be quhais convoying +te instant weir suld be
rewlit. Vespasiane, vsing +te counsell and giding of certane
Britouns +git to Romanis observing fidelite, be passagis        #
vnknawin
to Romanis passit apoun inemyis to debell atanis all
<P 171>
+te Albiane pepill for +te maist parte. Ffollowit ane batell
felloun, scharpe and sare. Albianis, becaus Romanis invadit
soner +tan +tai belevit, in myris and merressis, full of crag
stanis, nocht abone xij myle fra +Gork, cummersum to fecht in
sic place, with grete ferocite provokit +te batell. Apperandly
Romanis in +te richt wyng war liklie to be ourset. Vespasiane,
+tis persaving, send in +tare supple ane legioun, +git          #
vnfochtin,
be quhais cummyn Romanis to sic curage incressit +tat, how
beit +tai war woundit, +tai renewit in +tat parte +te bargane.  #
The
Albiane chiftanis inflammyt +tare folkis +tai suld stoutlie     #
stand
and nocht fle bot be vassalage sauf +tare honoure, cryand +tat
owther in +tat iournay +tai suld be victouris or ellis resaue
perpetuale seruitute. Vespasiane sic like kindillit his armye 
+tai suld be memorative of the Romane prowes and fecht with
hardyment; thare inemyis war bot barbare, rude pepill,
nakit almaist of wapynnys and armoure; +tai ran ourehede
to batell without ordoure and lichtlie mycht be vincust. Sa
kenelie stude +te Albianis in batell +tat, quhen +te vantgarde
and vtheris fechtaris in forefront war ourethrawin, thare
feris, standing on +te deid cariouns, sone+git nocht to fecht.
Vtheris, rvn throw with speris or transfixit with dartis,       #
lenand
apoun +te samyn sustenit +te bargane. Sum parte, fra quham
handis and swerdis at anis war strikin, with +tare teith        #
cruelly
raif inemyis quhare +tai fell abone +tame or vnder, +tat it     #
apperit
weill +tai faucht na les~ +tat day be haterent +tan be force    #
and
strenth. Bot nowder be multitude, perseuerance, strenth nor
nane v+tir vail+geandnes mycht fataill destanye be ourcummyn,
 - goddis aduersing, quhilkis for +te tyme decernit, as was +te
opinioun, to haue all realmes and nacions to Romanis subdewit.
And how beit +te Albianis omyttit na thing to vail+geant
chiftanis and stalwart men of were pertenyng, +git fechtand
almaist to extreme perdicion +tai war vincust finalie, and all
+tare folkis for +te maist parte slane, richt few evading +te
terribill slauchter. Arvirag, ouresett be intollerabill         #
displesour
be lois~ of samony nobill men, devisit put in his awne
persoun violent handis, thinking he wald lif na langare eftir
sa grete myscheif. Bot be servandis he was reseruit to bettir
fortune, (gif be goddis sum tyme it mycht be grantit), and to
<P 172>
+Gork was convoyit. Caratake with ane sobir tryne to Brigancia
(now Galloway) returnit. Thaara, king of Pichtis, irking to
lif eftir tinsell of his tendir freyndis, abiecting armes and
princelie cognossance, on ane stane sitting, wery and evill at
eis~, be Romanis persewing he was slane vnknawin.

[}HOW EFTIR ARVIRAG OF BRITANE BECOME RANDERIT HE WAS
SUFFERIT REGNE AS AFORE; HOW LAWIS AND AUTHORITE FRA
BRITONS WAR REMOUIT AND ROMANE RITIS INDUCIT.
CA=O= XVIIJ=O=}]

Aruirag and +te Britane nobillis, quhilk eftir +tis sare and
dedely iournay war liffand, thinking Romanis in tyme
cuming mycht haue nane impediment and he nor his assistantis
mycht haue na securite, devisit direct ane herald to Vespasiane
for pece, to offer +tame randerit, sen in +tis miserabill
calamyte of Britouns of lxv=m= men of were +tai war distroyit
to v=c= and mare cruelly afflictit +tan inemyis wald devise,
quharethrow +te favouris of goddis to Romanis was manifest
and plane, in +tare contrare; contrynyng +tame to sic calamyte
and myserie, +tat +tai mycht nocht be sufficient in tyme cuming
to defend +tare kinrik, nor nane war left to mak seruice to
inemyis, except +te febill vulgare pepill, and +tat Britouns
vincust for fidelite violate and Romanis victouris mycht be,
to all naciouns and pepill, perpetuall document of grace and
clemence, quhilk maist to +tame in sic caiss~ efferis.          #
Vespasiane,
hering +te herald report thir wourdis and mony vtheris siclike,
chargeit +tat Arvirage, denwde of princelie ornamentis, suld
cum to him on credence, promitting he suld haue na displesoure;
nor he wald here na tretie nor pece quhill Arvirag
war present. Arvirag, thinking force to obey, danting sum
parte to exaltacioun of his mynde, went to Vespasiane as he
desirit. Movit was Vespasiane be mysfortune of Arvirag,
quham he saw +te day precedent sa heich and potent, with
sa stark ordinance, and +tan had loist all his armye and,
destitute of kyn and freyndis, humlie imploring mercie and
kyndenes, come in powere of inemyis. Quharfore, nocht
refrenyng teris, he said: "Quhat mycht move +te, Arvirag, to
<P 173>
fail+ge fra fidelite of Romanis, quhilkis decorit +te with      #
regall
dignite and estate? With +te +tai myxt kin and blude, to +te
effect +tat +ti successioun, decorit be Romane blude, mycht
with all naciouns be comptit mare honest, mare illustir and
serene." Arvirag, prostrate at +te fete of Vespasiane, with
mony teris confessit his trespas, affermyng +tat apoun him and
his folkis it was be +te goddis sa scharplie vindicate +tat it
efferit erdlie men revenge na ferther: hereof he blamyt nocht
ellis bot his fidelite violate, his grete prosperite and        #
impwnyte
of goddis. He besocht herefore he wald vse grace apoun his
pepill, nocht as +tai had deseruit, bot sic as Romanis vsit to
naciouns to +tame subdewit, and at his plesoure be ony          #
tormentis
distroy his persoun, quhen it efferit him nocht to liff
eftir sa mekill truble and sorowe. His demeritis had deseruit
+te samyn. He wald have compacience on his spous~ and
childer, quham he had latelie iniustlie fra him expellit, to    #
+te
hurte of him and his kinrik. Vespasiane, hering his regrete,
nocht alanerlie was sterit to myseracioun bot, als of new, his
ene birst out in teris, and having consultacioun, demandit
quhat to Arvirag and captivis of Britane suld be done. Sum
Romanis said +tat Arvirag with his spous~, childer, landis,
cieteis, inhabitantis and all vthir his gudis, be lawis of      #
weris,
suld be pray to Romanis; he suld be send to Rome to submytt
him to the sentence of +te emprioure and Romane senaturis
+tat, be exempill hereof, vthir naciouns mycht knaw how
it is wikkit and grete folie to fail+ge in lawte and infer      #
weris to
Romanis. Vtheris, sterit be +te kingis present fortune          #
conferrit
with his first estate and be remembrance of ald kyndenes,
contendit +tat to Arvirag suld be grantit grace, becaus +tat be
manifest ire of goddis he was condingly punyst; he suld be
sufferit regnne as of before, and nocht be led to Rome, becaus,
howbeit he was vyncust, he was nocht tane be force bot on
credence wilfully come to +te Romane chiftane: nor Romanis
aucht nocht brek +tare faith to inemyis, sen +tare large empire
and sen+georye nowder be fraude, pride nor ambicioun bot be
clemence and mercy apoun subiectis euer was augmentit and
confermyt. Vespasiane, be innative clemence to pepill afflictit
and vincust following +tis counsell and refusing +te tothir,
<P 174>
remittit to Arvirag all offensis and levit him regnne as of
before, chargeing +tat all cieteis quhilkis fra Romanis had
fail+gete suld be skaithles, requiring and resaving new plegeis
+tat in fidelite of Romanis in tyme cuming +tai suld persevere.
Of +te plegeis Gwider, son to Arvirag, was cheif, quhilk        #
eftirwart
tending towart Rome with Vespasiane, in myddis his
iournay, with ane fever ouresett, deceissit. Hereeftir          #
Vespasiane
tuke fra Britouns all iuris and lawis be antecessouris
vsit and inducit Romane ritis. He chargit +tat Aulus Planctius,
lieutenent, and his deputis onelie suld of blude haue power.
To euery province of Britane he constitute presidentis quhilk,
conforme to +te Romane consuetude, suld exerce iustice and
at +tare fidelite contene the pepill. At brute and fame of +tir
premiss~, euery ane of the Britane nacioun, disparing in
pussance to ouresett the Romane armys, become to fidelite of
Vespasiane and fra thyne furth send to him riche presentis
and rewardis. Now approchit wynter and +te victorius army
was sufferit depart to +tare schelis. Vespasiane with King
Arvirag went to +Gork, quhare with mony Romane nobillis he
spendit +te wynter following.

[}HOW VESPASIANE WAN +TE CIETE OF CAMELODUNE; HOW
CARATAKE PERSEWIT ROMANIS WITH BATELL AND BE
PLANCTIUS WAS VINCUST; HOW HE WAS SPULE+GETE OF HIS
TRESSOURIS, AND HOW THE OFFERIS OF VESPASIANE BE HIM
WAR REFUSIT. CAP=O= XIX=O=}]

In the nixt somer Vespasiane bringing his armye fra +tare
wynter schelis preparit ane expedicioun apoun Scottis and
Pichtis, contracting stark power, movit apoun +te Ordolucis
and Derreis (now Berwic, Mers~, Tevidale and dalis remanent).
Of all Pichtis nacioun thir pepill war maist feirs~ in batell   #
and
nerrest +te bordoure of Britane, bot brokin mekill baith in
strenth and pussance be +te recent batell contrare Romanis,
and disparing of supple fra +tare nychtbouris of Pichtis,       #
wilfully
to Vespasiane +tai made fidelite. Following +tare exempil +te
remanent Pichtis without batell become randerit to Romanis.
<P 175>
Nocht+teles grete part of Pichtis, abhorring to be led in pray
to Rome gif +tai become in +te power of Romanis, fled to
Camelodune, quhare +tai belevit Vespasiane suld nocht cum for
+te cummersum viage. Quhen +tis to Vespasiane was schewin,
he brocht his armye be haisty iournais, and stranglie assegeit
the sammyn. At his cuming Pichtis within +te towne, how
beit +tai ferit +tare livis, gudis and +te maieste of +te       #
Romane
name, +git be ire and haterent +tai tuke hardyment, and         #
concludit
+tai wald defend +tare wallis. The assege langare lestit
+tan +te assegearis belevit; quharethrow quhen to sustene +tare
multitude within, victualis fale+git, be hunger and indigence   #
+te
cietenaris had grete pane; ffinalie, brokin be penurite of all
necessaris, ourset be thrist and hungir, +tai become randerit
and to Romanis made +te portis patent. Vespasiane nowder
sufferit +te ciete be distursit nor nane v+tir thing with       #
violence
be done. In +tis ciete kingis of Pichtis had +tare regall       #
ornamentis,
ane crowne of gold sett with variete of precios~ stanys,
ane swerde having plwmet and hiltis of gold with ane purpure
skawbert mervellus craftelie wrocht. In all expediciouns
+tareeftir Vespasiane vsit +tis swerde, takin sum               #
coniecturacion
of ewros~ fortune +tarethrow. He sufferit +te nobillis, quhilk
thidder had fled, departe salflie to +tare castellis and        #
landis,
first resaving +tare plegeis. He taryit at Camelodune and first
+tarein causit Romane morpeis, (quhilkis war agit soldeouris),
remane, +tat perpetually +tare suld duell pepill to +te Romane
sene+geory obeysant. Thay suld haue Romane iuris and lawis
and in +te samyn suld instruct +te cieteneris and rude pepill.
Syn in the opposite of Camelodune, apoun +te river of Carron,
he beildit ane tempill in honoure of +te Empriour Claudius,
erecting +tarein twa ymagis to be anournit with +te pepill. Of
+tir ymagis ane was of +te empriour foresaid, the tothir of +te
goddes Victoria, quhais dedicacion, be mony devote prayeris,
he maid conforme to +te rite of Gentilis. Quhill in +tis sorte
Vespasiane at Camelodune was intent to policie and religios~
ceremonis of Gentilite, be exploratouris he was certifyit how
King Caratake had renewit his armye and fra Brigancia (now
Galloway) departit, tending to be revengit of +te skaith        #
inferrit
be Romanis. At +tis message, be command of Vespasiane, his
<P 176>
lieutenent Aulus Planctius, with ane strang armye contrare
Caratake procedit, leiffing na litill power of folkis with      #
Vespasiane
for his defence. Planctius was nocht fer fra Brigancia
quhen be fugitivis he was aduertist how Caratake was nocht
+te space of foure mylis distant with ane huge oist of Scottis,
Pichtis and Britons. Planctius, +tan fen+geing him affrayit     #
like
as he wald tary +te cuming of Vespasiane with +te remanent
armye, in ane plane beside tuke his campe, syne, in +te quiet
nycht rasing pal+geouns, convoyit be exploratouris and          #
figitivis
knawing +te ground, in arrayit batell past apoun Caratake,
quhilk suspectit na thing les~ +tan to be invadit be Romanis,
becaus of straitnes of +te grond. Wachis, persaving +te cuming
of Romanis, rasit +te schout and sustenit +te assail+ge of      #
inemyis
quhil +tare folkis mycht be anarmyt. Bot at +te first countir
all +te wachis war slane. Ffollowit +te batell scharp and kene,
quhare mony grevous woundis on athir partye war resauit.
Ffinalie, quhen fra +te dawing +tai had fochtin quhil myd day,
the victorie inclinit towar[{t{] Romanis (with na litill        #
slauchter
of +tare folkis). In +te feild still remanit Romanis. Sum
parte of Scottis, Pichtis and Britons, (quhilkis evadit +te
slauchter), affrayitly ran to strate erdis and montanis.        #
Vtheris,
finding botis and veschell, fled to +te Ile of Mon. King        #
Caratake,
sare woundit, with certane servandis apoun him awating,
with grete travell went first to Argathele, fra thyne to +te
castell of Evon (Downstaphage for the present). Be brute of
+tis batell aduersare, to Romanis come grete confl[{u{]ence of
Scottis, Pichtis and Britons quhilkis +git to Vespasiane had
promist na fidelite. The inhabitantis Brigancia, disparing      #
+tare
strenthis and mwnicions, fled to strate erdis and desertis,     #
with
wyiffis, barnis, bestiall and store quharein stude +tare riches
for +te tyme. Planctius, +te feird day following, with his army
refreschit, to +te ciete of Carictoun movit, quhare he herd was
+te cheif habitacion and palace of Caratake, his regale         #
ornamentis
and thesauris, and, occupying the ciete sonare +tan
was belevit, amang his weremen distribute +te pray. Be ane
herald +te mene tyme he aduertist Vespasiane of +tis victorie:
Brigancia with regions adiacent was in handis: inhabitantis
had promyst randering: it suld be honorable to his name gif
<P 177>
he war present at +geilding of +te pepill vnvincust euer afore,
and herethrow he mycht haue excellent lawde of victory.
Vespasiane apprisit +te gude mynde of Planctius towart him
and rade incontinent to Caricton. At his cuming all             #
inhabitantis
Brigancia +tat war vnfled, become randerit with all
+tare gudis to Romanis as lordis and maisteris of +te warld.
On +te morne Vespasiane, movit be mysfortune of Caratak,
quhilk for his liberte and kinrik had fochtin, (the goddis as
apperit aduersing), almaist to finall destructioun, directit to
him ambassiatouris quhilkis suld say: Na langare was to
be resistit to eternall goddis, to quhais plesoure all          #
victorie,
all power to regnne, all impire and sene+geory on nede ar       #
subiectit.
Thay had decretit +tat all pepill and nacions to Romanis
suld be subdewit, as be +te fyne mycht be knawin, quhilk
confermyt +tare respons~. Quharefore gude it war he and his
pepill obeyit +te Romane sene+geory sen be mony vnchancy
batellis, be manifest ire of goddis, +tai war afflictit. Gif    #
hereto
he wald consent, he suld regne sauflie as afore and be namyt
freynd to +te Romane senatouris in tyme cuming. Vthir wayis,
gif he wald vnwiselie to his awne distruction in batell         #
persevere,
he suld fra his regne be removit and with all his pepill
be brocht haistelie to rewyne. To +tis ansuerit Caratake:
It war presumptuos~ folie +tat mortale men suld to +tame
ascrive the prescience of weirdis or destanye, to goddis onelie
famyliare. Be benignite of goddis, habitacioun to him and
his pepill was grantit in Albioun. Romanis, be ambicion and
insaciabill desire of wrangwis conquest, provokit be nane
iniuris, infestit him with weris. He expellit iniuris and       #
inferrit
nane. Be his opinioun goddis war nocht sa iniuste +tat +tai
wald to +te movaris of iniust weris grant happy fyne of batell.
He couth never vndirstand Romanis wald salflie kepe him in
his realme, of quhilk +tai attemptit sa oftymes to haue him
dispule+git, and had fra sa mony kingis iniustlie reft +tare
regnis. The amyte and societe of Romanis war to be desirit
gif it mycht conduce to his honour and suretie. Now it is
to be refusit, becaus gif it war procurit, it menit nocht bot
grete hurt to him and his kinrik. To him pertenit +te realme
of Scotland, as to +te emprioure, pepill of Rome and senatouris
<P 178>
pertenit the Romane kinrikis. He repute +tame worth als
grete reproche +tat defendit nocht +tare awne rownes as the
invasouris of vtheris. He wald herefore persevere in weris
contrare Romanis to +te end of his life for his liegis, kinrik,
liberte, native goddis and sepulturis of progenitouris to       #
quhilkis
be invocacioun of +tare spiritis he had recours~ as to extreme
and onelie refuge. Of him Romanis suld beleif nocht ellis.
Vespasiane, resaving this respons~, wounderit mekill the        #
constant
curage of Caratake, quhilk sa stiflie determyt resist to
+te Romane armye, all vthir princis of Albion submitting +tame
to Romanis. First he devisit persewe him with ane armye.
Bot, certifyit +tat for mos~, myris, merres~, intractabill      #
montanis
and penurite of viueris in +tai partis quhare he tendit,
without hurte and dammage of +te Romane armye, he mycht
nocht mak sic persute, changeing purpois~, he garnist with
mwnicioun strenthis of Brigancia; syne to +te sey, regarding
Ireland, convoyit his armye, tending +tarefra to invade +te
Ile of Mon, nocht be mony mylis fra the mane land separate.
To assail+ge +te ile before his cuming he had send certane      #
Pichtis
and Britons, figitivis fra +tare native princis. This ile, as   #
said
is, betuix Ireland and Albion is situate. To this iournay
certane new schippis war made and v+tir veschel fra +te coistis
sone war contractit to cary +te armye to +te ile.

[}EFTIR DEPARTING OF VESPASIANE CARATAKE INVADIT
ROMANIS BE BATELL AND WAS VINCUST; PLANCTIUS
DECEISSIT, AND OSTORIUS THE NEW LEGATE WAS IN HIS
PLACE DIRECTIT TO BRITANE, CAP=O= XX=O=}]

To Vespasiane this tyme was schewin how the inhabitantis
of Kentschire and +te Ile of Wicht had slane the Romane
garnisoun in +tai regiouns and +te maist parte of +te Britane
boundis direct opposite to Gallia had rebellit; incertane gif
be impulsion of Gallis +tis was done. To +tis apperand skaith,
Vespasiane tending haistelie occur, committing stark power
to +te goverment of Planctius lieutenent, to conserue +tat
parte of Albion at fidelite of Romanis, omytting +te            #
expedicioun
<P 179>
apon +te Ile of Mone, be grete iournais he movit to
Kent. At his cuming be licht iupartyis he dantit +te rebellioun
of inhabitantis. Syne eftir he had pwnyst the begynnaris
+tareof, at command of +te Empriour Claudius, eftir all his
affaris in Britan brocht to prosper fyne, in few dayis with
na litill lawd and glore he returnit to Rome. How sone King
Caratake knewe Vespasiane departit, he addressit to recover
+te landis of Brigance and Pichtland, be persuasioun of +te
barouns of Pichtland and fugitivis to the Ile of Mon. Ffra
all partis of Albion resortit to him grete confluence, movit
be desire of liberte to be deliuerit fra iniuris of Romanis. Of
+tame Caratake haistelie collecting ane armye, be esperance
of bettir fortune he movit apoun Romanis, quhilkis with na
les~ diligence ordorit +tare batellis. Be grete hete syne was
fochtin, Scottis contending at +tare power to recovir the parte
of +tare kinrik loist afore and Romanis tending to kepe +te
rowmes conquest be grete laubouris. Certane tyme doutsum
was +te bargane. Ffinaly, practik of were and wisdome to
Romanis preparit victorie. Scottis war discumfist and chasit
and, as was +tare custume, ran or euer +tai ceissit to moss~,
merress~ and strate erdis. This batell sa vnchancilye was
fochtin +tat contrare Romanis to renewe bargane thay had na
mare belefe. Romanis, inexpert of +te ground, na ferder
persewit +te flearis. Caratake, weying hevily his mysfortune,
collecting +te residewe of his folkis as he mycht best, reterit #
to
+te castell of Evon, quhair schortlie +tareeftir convenyng his
nobillis, consultit how +te kinrik contrare Romanis mycht be
assurit. Caratake desirit +tat fra all regiouns of Scotland and
Ilis all persons abil to bere armour or wapynnys suld be
assemblit and suld purches power and supple fra Ireland,
quhare fra descendit Scottis nacioun; and herethrow, gif in
gude ordoure +tai wald fecht to +te extreme, owder suld
Romanis be defait, or Scottis suld all de atanis: be +tis way
and nane vthir suld +te lang weris be fynnyssit. Vtheris, fra
quham +tare votis war requirit, thocht +te kingis devise nocht
convenient as stude +te cais~, (quhareof consideracioun first
suld be had), becaus it was oure dangerus to iupert +te chance
of +te haill kinrik to ane onlie iournay be Scottis, sa oft
<P 180>
tymes ouresett contrare Romanis, sa mekill be fortune favorit,
bot erare to suffer +te pepill sa lang brokin and supprisit be
contynuall weris tak rest for ane tyme and incres~ to strenth;
Romanis be diuers~ skarmuschis and nocht be plane batell war
to be resistit +tat be+gond Brigancia +tai suld nocht extend    #
+tare
boundis; dalie +tai suld solist Britouns, (euer desirous of new
sene+gorie), to conspire contrare Romanis, quharethrow mycht
follow +tat quhen Romanis war restrenit fra forraying +te
cuntre for +tare viueris +tai suld be sa dantit with hungir     #
+tat
owder suld +tai remove fra Brigance or ellis be constrenit
to vnhonest randering. Sua on +te morne ane walit cumpany,
having wise and expert chiftanis, was directit fra inemyis to
defend Saluria, (now Carrik, Kyle [^SIGN OMITTED^] ), nixt      #
adiacent to Brigancia.
In +tis sort twa +geris following be diuers~ skarmuschis
and iupartyis on a+tir partie without mekill slauchter +te were
was prolongit. During +tis tyme Aulus Planctius, be ane lang
continewit flux hevilie torment, quhen nowther in cure of
medicine nor in strenth of nature he had confidence, he wrate
to Emprioure Claudius how ane grevous malade apoun him
invalescit and grew, sua +tat +te naturall poweris of his body
+tarethrow war oursett: sa lang as strenth in his persoun
remanit he was vigilant for weill and augmentacioun of +te
Romane Impire, bot now destitute of all helpe, baith of         #
medicinaris
and nature, he taryit dalie the dede: praying, herefore,
he suld provide +tat in +tir provincis conquest be sa grete     #
laubouris
and dangeris na rebellioun in defalt of ane legate suld
be movit of new, and +tat ane man of +te anciant blude, expert
in weris, grave in age and maneris, suld in Albion be send and
maid lieutenent: be his gouerment +te pepill, to +te Romane
sen+georye obeysant, suld at fidelite be conseruit. The         #
emprioure, resaving +tis message, directit to Britane Ostorius
Scapula, ane nobill man, excellent in grete actis in pece and
weris, of +te Romane affaris to haue +te gouerment. Sone
eftir his cuming Planctius at Camelodune deceissit. His corps,
conforme to +te Romane rite, was brynt. With grete pompe
Romanis placit the powder of his body in ane vrne or boist
within +te tempill dedicate be Vespasiane to Claudius Cesar
and +te goddes Victoria, as before is remembrit. Herethrow
<P 181>
come in consuetude amang Scottis and Pichtis, (as sum
writis), to birn the bodyis of +tare freyndis deceissit. Hereof
in thir our dayis mony signis +git are sene, ffor in +te +gere
of our Redempcioun j=m= v=c= xxj, in +te towne of Ffindour
in +te Mernis, v mylis distant fra Abirdene, ane ald sepulture
was fundin quharein was twa veschell, like laym piggis, of
strange fassoun, replete with powder and ass~, and apoun
+tame baith war Romane lettrez gravin. How sone +tai war
producit to +te aire, incontinent +tai war dissoluit in powdir.
Siclike in ane towne in Mar callit Kenbatten, ten mylis
fra Abirdene, about +te samyn tyme be pleuchmen twa
sepulturis war fundin, of square assillare and hewin stane.
In +tame war foure vrnis half full of powder, wrocht of
siclike craft, of +te samyn quantite and siclike lettrez as of
+te to+tir twa is remembrit. Diuers~ vtheris siclike            #
antiquiteis
to testify +tis consuetude has oftymes bene sene in diuers~
partis of Albion, like as antecessouris has left in             #
remembrance;
bot lat ws return quharefra we made degressioun.

[}OFF THE FORTUNATE GESTIS OF OSTORIUS; OF HIS CRUDELITE;
HOW CARATAKE BE HIM WAS OURSETT, TAKIN AND SEND
PRESONER TO ROME; OF HIS RETURNE AND DECEISS.
CAP=O= XXJ=O=}]

The cuming of Ostorius in Britan knawin, +te pepil of
Cambria, Tegenis, Damonis, Icenis, (now Walis, Cornwell
and nychtbouris adiacent in +te west partis of Britan),
gretelie molestit Romanis, beleving, be cuming of ane new
chiftane nocht acquentit with +te Romane armye nor accustumyt
with +te Britan ritis, +tai mycht without difficulte
recovir +tare liberte. To haue +tare intent +tai solistit v+tir
nychtboure naciouns to fail+ge fra fidelite of Romanis, like as
Kendale, Anandale, Kyle, Cwnynghame and all +te nacions of
Pichtis togiddir with +te Scottis of Brigancia, aduertising     #
King
Caratake be writingis he suld haue respect to +te commoun
weill; tyme was now to recovir +tare liberte, reft fra +tame
afore, ffor to his chargis +tai suld gladelie obtempir. Quhen
<P 182>
hereof certifijt was Ostorius, knawin weill +te vassalege of
ane new chiftane at +te begynnyng suld nocht be hid, he invadit
inemyis or +tai mycht convene. At +te first counter he skalit
+te Tegenis and Walis and chasit +tame nocht without felloun
slauchter: syne movit apon the Icenis, ane stark pepill and
robust, of all this conspiracion begynnaris. Quhen +tai         #
persauit
it was force to fecht, +tai walit ane place for batell, hegeit
with ane feild dyke and ane strait entres~, +tat to Romane
hors~men it suld nocht be patent. Bot haistelie Romanis
bett downe +te fald and within +te dykis gretelie perturbit +te
Britouns. Quhen to fle +te Icenis persauit na place, standing
dourlie in bataill, almaist al atanis +tai war slane. The sobir
remanent, vnslane, war in power of inemyis randerit. Be         #
myscheif
of Icenis +te Kendalis with vthir nychtbouris affrayit
become +goldin to Romanis. Ffra thyne Ostorius went to
Carlele, ane tovn in Kendale, in +te parte now callit           #
Cummyrland,
nixt Annandale and Galloway. Schortlie +tis towne
was takin, the landis adiacent waistit and be pray disturssit.
Siclike he dantit +te conspiracioun of Britons, to +te Kendalis
nychtbouris, and, slaying +te resistaris, with all his          #
ordinance
fra thyne departit to Pichtland. In his v+tage be mare myscheif
+tan was herd afore he supprisit +te Syluris (now Kyle, [^SIGN  #
OMITTED^] ),
cruell and vnmercifull pepill, quhilk, abone +tare naturale
forocite, confidit in pussance of +tare prince, Caratak, quham
+tai knew was to recounter Romanis in bataill gif weris aganis
+tame war movit. Thus Romanis, birnyng cornis stakkit or
in barnys, murdrissing agit men and women, innocent barnis
and all vtheris +gong persons, indifferent quham +tai mycht
apprehend, subdewit +te inhabitantis to seruitute mare vyle
+tan mycht be excogitate or devisit. Caratake sa hevily weyit
this recent oppressioun made be Romanis +tat, to be revengit,
he wald expone his live to +te extreme aventure of fortune.
At his cuming to Pichtland convenit grete confluence fra all
partis of Albioun, tending owder to revenge the Romane
iniuris or ellis de in batell and end at anys baith iniuris and
thirlage. Or Caratake +te army assemblit of his awne liegis
and nychtbouris, contenit to +te nowmer of xl=m=, quham he
ordorit in +tis sorte, +tat behind +tai suld haue +te depe      #
ryver
<P 183>
quhare na furde nor passage was knawin, to +te effect (as we
may beleif) +tat nane suld lippin securite in fleing; at +te
skirtis of +te armye on athir side, he placit +te gentill       #
wemen,
(of quham grete nowmer come to feild to se +te fyne of batell),
with cryis and schowtis to walkin +te curage of +te fechtaris,
to strike stoutlie +te bargane: apoun inemyis +tai suld cast
stanis, and euer as Romanis war dung downe +tai suld cutt
throttis and sla. Wemen, +gong and stark, war ordorit to fecht
anarmyt, myxt amang +te men. Attour, all +te chiftanis exhortit
+te armye to batell, confort +tare corage, removit all fere and
drede and inflammyt +tame in esperance and gude hope,
transcurring in all partis with +te king, affermyt +tat day     #
+tat
batell suld begyn to +tame liberte and fredome or ellis         #
perpetuall
seruitute and thirllage; syne maid invocacioun of +te namys
of antecessouris, quhilkis douchtely expellit Iulius Cesare
empriour, and to +tat tyme had conseruit +tare liberte and
salfit +tare persouns haill inviolate fra tribute and Romane
ceremonis. Quhen +tir exhortacions or siclike war remembrit
be +te capitanis, the pepill war sa reiosit +tat euery ane      #
avowit
+tat in defence of the cuntre and liberte +tareof, nowder
wapynnys nor armour suld gar him fle. This feirs~ and glaid
continence of Scottis, +tare copios~ nowmer, +tare strang and
strange fervoure to fecht, astonyst gretelie +te Romane         #
chiftane
and Romanis, +tat diuers~ abhorrit +te fyne of +te batell,      #
nocht
ignorant it was na litill danger to recounter pepill constitute
in extreme dispare. Caratake, chiftane of all +tis armye, or
he gaif +te signe to ione +te feild, proponit for +tare         #
guerdoun
perpetuall liberte. Ostorius with mekill wisdome, as +te
Romane chiftanis accustumyt, ordoring his folkis, to exhort
was nocht swere, vsing ane vehement vrasoun: thay suld
remember +tai war Romanis, dantaris of princis, pepill and
naciouns; +tare partie quham aganis +tai contendit war bot
fulehardy, vnmanerlie, barbare pepill, separate fra all         #
humanite
and +tarefore be wise nature, (parent of all thingis),          #
constitute
in maist extreme partis of +te warld. Syne on athir partie was
commandit to ione +te batell. Incontinent be sic ire and hete
+tai recounterit, +tat never with greter amang na naciouns      #
afore
was fochtin. Doutsum betuix hope and drede certane tyme
<P 184>
+tai faucht. Ffinalie, lang experience and vse in were to
Romanis dressit ane reddy way to victorie. Albanis to +te
montanis fled, Romanis scharplie persewand. Excellent and
notabill was this victorie, ffor takin was +te spous~ and       #
dochter
of Caratake and his bredir +goldin. The king, (as commonlie
in aduersite is na securite), seing +te feild tynt, socht       #
refuge
at Cartwmandua the agit quene, his gude moder, quhilk eftir
deceis~ of Cadallane his fader had maryit Venwsius, ane nobill,
(bot of subtell and dissatefull mynde towart +te commoun
weill), and be hir was deliuerit bundin to +te victouris in +te
nynte +gere eftir Romanis had begunnyn were in Albion.
Quhen be his takaris he was led to Ostorius, reuerendlie in his
meting rising, +te Romane chiftane, as to ane nobill prince,
deiectit fra +te hiest gre of dignite, at his first cuming he   #
birst
out in teris, with his richt hand syne apprehending +te king,
said: "This cais~, King Caratake, equallie is to be sufferit,   #
ffor
how beit fra +te favoure of fortune +tow be abiectit, of        #
vertewe
+tow art nocht destitute. Thow art now becummyn in +te
handis of Romanis. Thow has na mater to be eschamyt how
beit +tow be pray to Romanis, quhilkis has in vse to leid afore
+tame in tryumphe sa mony nobill princis and chiftanis captive,
eftir of realmes and scepteris +tai ar denwde." To +tir wourdis
with sare sichis ansuerit +te king: "I confes~ it is force to   #
me
suffir +tis cais~, how beit contrare my mynde. Bot I wey it
nocht sa hevily as I do fortune, sa cruell inemye to our        #
affaris,
+tat before +tine ene scho suld produce me for exempill of hir
instabilite and variance. Thow has me presoner, vincust mare
be policie and fraude +tan force. Sa lang as pussance remanit,
I contendit contrare Romanis. Be fraude of my wikkit gude
moder Cartwmandua (to quham eftir my armye discumfist I
gaif credit of my life), I am cumin in +ti handis. Nocht+teles~
it efferis me obtempir to +te quhilk is victorie, and submytt
me to ples~our of my inemye, sen be oure goddis it is sua
providit. And to +te pertenis vse +te cais~ of ane victoure,
providing all way +tow be nocht denwde of clemence and
mercye, maist excellent vertwis in ane chiftane, be quhilk
vertewe na captivis ar in sa extreme myserie deiectit, bot +tai
beleif sum grace." Quhen +tir wourdis be Caratake war said,
<P 185>
be command of Ostorius he was to ane tent convoyit and
honorably intertenyit as ane prince. Eftir certane days, with
his spous, douchter and brethir he was had to Rome to be
present to +te emprioure. The brute of his renowne was sa
honorabill in Italie, vthir ilis and provincis, +tat all        #
inhabitantis
addressit to obserue +te way, desiring to se +tat prince
quhilk sa mony +geris contempnit +te Romane pussance.
Attoure, in +te ciete of Rome +te name of Caratake was na
litill magnifyit. The pepill as to solempnit playis war warnit.
Men of armys stude in cumpanyis in +te feild to +te camp
adiacent. Than +te kingis familiaris preceding, +te chenis and
harnessingis, conquest in +te Britan weris, war borne. Syne
the bredir, spous~ and dochter of Caratake and his self last
was schawin. The captivis for fere and terroure made bot
sobir requeist for grace. Bot Caratake schew him nocht
deiectit in +tis extreme cais~ of fortune and, nowthir be sad
contynance nor be wourdis requiryn mercy, quhen to +te
empriouris throne he assistit, said in +tis sorte: "Gif +te
prosperite had bene moderate, conforme to +te nobilite and
fortune of me descending of sa nobill antecessouris and having
sene+gorie abone sa mony pepill, sua +tat I had deyn+git to     #
bynd
societe and be resoun +tareof tak pece with Romanis, I had
cumin to +tis ciete as ane freynd erare +tan presoner. This
present cais~ of myne, as it is to me vnhonest, rycht sua,
Cesare, it is to +te richt honorabill. I had sum tyme men,
hors~, armoure and riches~ and it is na mervell gif contrare
my will all +tir be loist and, gif +ge Romanis will abone all
naciouns haue sene+georie, it followis +tat all vtheris mon be
+gour servandis. Gif I had als sone randerit me as +te Romane
armye come in Albion, nowder +ti glore, Cesare, nor +git my
myschance had bene sa notabill to +te warld. And now, gif
+tow slay me, thy presonere, haistelie with my dede I sall
be for+gett; and gif +tow will I salflie departe, I sall be     #
perpetuall
exempill of clemence of +te empriour and Romane pepill."
At thir wourdis Cesare to him, his spous and bredir, grantit
grace and haistelie +tai war lowsit of bandis. Hereeftir the
senatouris convenit quhare, twiching +te captiuite of Caratake,
mony and grete materis war dispute, concluding +te act was
<P 186>
na les~ honorabill +tan quhen Siphax be Scipio, Perses be       #
Lucius
Paulus, and vthir siclike chiftanis and princis war vincust be
Romanis. To Ostorius +tai decernit +te ornamentis of tryumphe.
Caratake, making +te grete aith to obserue amyte and fidelite
to +te emprioure, senatouris and Romane pepill, leiffing in
Rome his eldest broder and dochter in ostage, be tollerance
of +te empriour returnit to Scotland. In +tis +gere latelie,
or Caratake with all his pussance last recounterit Romanis,
mony ferlyis on +te feildis of Scotland war sene. Ane batell
of hors~men in myddis the plane was sene kenelie fecht,         #
apperandlie
be felloun slauchter on athir partie debating, and incontinent
all evanyst sa clene +tat quhare +te batell was sene na
takin remanit. Alsua it is haldin +tat ane heird of wolfis
assemblit +te day precedent or Albianis contrare Romanis
debatit, and on +te nycht following invading +te wachis,        #
haistelie
bereft ane and bure him to +te forest beside, in +te dawing     #
suffering
him sauflie departe. Ane barne in Carictoun was borne
with ane crawis hede, v+tirwayis in na parte deformyt. Thir
ferlyis before +tis infortunate feild war to the pepill         #
terribill,
becaus~ divinouris interpret +tame to +te dammage of Caratake
and his kinrik. Bot eftir fyne of +te weris quhen Caratake was
haill and sound, all war interpret to +te bettir sens~. At his
returne, grantit be clemence of +te Empriour Claudius, +te
pepill obseruit +te wayis and stretis with incredibill          #
honouris,
convoying +tare prince to Carictoun. This ciete togiddir with
Brigancia (now Galloway), and Syluria (now Kyle, [^SIGN         #
OMITTED^] ), to
him be command of +te empriour was restorit. Hereeftir
quhen he had gude pece he perseuerit faithfull freynd and
marrow to Romanys, spending his remane[{n{]t dayis in rest and
eis~, coft be grete laubouris and pyne. Oftymes reduceand to
mynde the incommoditeis and skathis of were, he waryit
batellis, employing all his cure to obserf pece and fidelite to
euery man in tyme cuming. Quhen be writingis of Ostorius,
legate, +te empriour knew +te gude parte he kepit, he remyttit
his dochter quham he held in oistage at Rome, langing sare
to se hir fader. To +te space of twa +geris continewit +tis     #
pece
and weris on all partis war stanchit. Syne at Carictoun         #
deceissit
+tis vail+geand prince, Caratake, worne and consumyt mare
<P 187>
be laubouris +tan age, in +te xxij +gere eftir deceis~ of his   #
eme
Metellane. His sene+gory mare be force +tan felicite was        #
governit.
Off all Scottis princis before him regnyng +te maist nobill,    #
and
maist vale+geand in weris of all vtheris liffing in his tyme,
becaus he directit all +te cast of his life to defend his       #
kinrik
contrare Romanis, lordis and maisteris of +te maist parte of
+te warld, and, fynalie, gaif his cure +tat his pepill in       #
honest
ritis and gude maneris suld be instructit. His regne durit to
+te xiij +gere of Claudius, Romane emprioure, and of mannis
Redempcioun +te liiij +gere.
   About +tis ilk tyme at Rome liffit men of excellent ingyne:
Persius, Iuvenale, athir vsing +te style of satiris, Lucane,    #
+te
poet maist preclare, Seneca of +te Stoic opiniouns and          #
eftirwart
be Nero slane. Sanct Ierome, for epistillis writtin be Sanct
Paule to Seneca and be Senec to Paule, apperandlie ascrivis
him to the Catalog and nowmer of Sanctis. Alsua throw all +te
warld infidelis be preiching of +te haly apostillis began to
ressaue the verite of +te ewangell and +te fraude of devillis
was
made manifest quhilkis illudit man kynde mony +geris afore.
   ffollowis the ferde buke of the Scottis historijs.

<S SAMPLE 2>
<P 257>
[} (\LIBER QUINTUS.\)
OFF THE CORONACIOUN OF LUGTHAKE; OF HIS VICIS AND
CRUELL SLAUCHTER; HOW EFTIR HIM SUCCEDIT MOGALL:
OF HIS VERTEWIS; HOW HE WAS PROUOKIT BE ROMANYS
TO WERIS, AND HOW HE HONORIT THE FIGURE OF KING
GALDE. CAP=O= J=O=}]

The memorabill sene+georie of King Gald was endit in
sorte foresaid, and how mekill his gouernance was
apprisit, +te mysgiding of Lugthak his son eftir
him regnyng was als fer detestabill and odios~, ffor he
was degenerit baith in witt and maneris fra his fader,
corruptit be idilnes and sensuall lustis; without discrecioun
he spule+git diuers~ grete men, be fene+geit crymes, of +tare
gudis. He committit the cure of iustice to mysgidit men
quham he knew cruell and covatus, and of +te lukir and
importance wald gif him compt. Ffollowit throw all +te
realme reiff and wrang without correctioun, the kingis
authorite +tareto resisting; quhilk was in caus~ +tat vicious~
men and of evil condiciouns war authorist and vtheris,
quhilk for +tare dignite aucht be cherist, planelie war opprest
at plesour of sic vile persouns. Nobill men +tat be fene+gete
and socht occasiouns war convictit of sobir crymes, war put
to violent dede, or be vpir servile +tanis cruelly afflictit,   #
to +te
effect he mycht haue +tare gudis to his vse applyit. In         #
conuenciouns
or writingis he vsit stile sic skaffaris and rubbaris
his tendir freyndis and bredir, thinking him never sa weill
applesit as quhen he fand ony new devise of extorcioun. The
remanent of his wikkit dedis ar sa abhominabill to mennys
eris +tai suld be concelit and nocht schawin, how he defoulit
his antis, moder sisteris, his sisteris germane, necis, and at
+te last his awne dochteris, repenting na thing samekill as     #
+tat
<P 258>
he mycht nocht defoule all his cousyness~ in +te sammyn sorte.
The nobillis sufferit sic horribill vicis of +tare mysgidit     #
prince
towart +te space of twa +geris. Bot na thing commouit +tame sa
mekill as to se him abuse his maieste in scornyng his barons;
ffor he wald reddily myssay his agit lordis of gude mynde to    #
+te
commoun weill and administracion of +te realme, in lichtlynes
reproching to +tame +tare age, calland +tame chowpand auld      #
fulis
and vtheris sic wordis of contempcioun, syne made rutouris,
piparis, menstralis, ruffeanis and v+tir sic harlotis of        #
obscure
origin and evill condicions (quham he held in daynte and
extemit mekill) officiaris and reularis, beleving +tat be sic
kynde of gouerment all suld be done to his plesure. Bot +tis
myschevus folie mycht nocht be lang vnpunyst, ffor at ane
convencioun at Evon (now Downstaphage) +te king commandit
+tat diuers~ grete men as movaris of rebellion suld be          #
arreistit,
becaus with mony persuasiouns +tai detestit +te wikkit mysgidit
of +te kinrik. Incontinent, as +te nobillis had devisit, +te    #
king
be men of armes was handillit, and regnand in +te thrid +gere
was cruelly slane with grete parte of his myn+geouns to quham
he gaif credit of his life and kinrik. Nochtwithstanding, +te
nobillis, memorative of +te recent meritis of his fader, causit
bery his corps with princelie pompe and honoure and +te
remanent be cassin on +te feildis to be with beistis revyn.
Eftir Lugthak was distroyit, Mogall (nevo to +te nobill king
Gald of his dochter) be consent of +te estatis tuke +te crowne.
Mogall in begynnyng of his regne, memorative of the glorios~
actis of his gudeschir, studyit to ensew his maneris and sorte
of gyding, with diligent cure obseruyng fidelite to Romanys
and Britouns as was appoyntit, to contene his liegis in pece
with plesand rest and to remove all sedicion and debatis
within his realme; and quhare ony thing was neclectit during
+te regne of his eme Lugthak he reformyt with besy cure;
and, comprehending his remanent myn+gons quhilk at +te last
convencioun evadit, causit iustifye +tame to dede, becaus~ +tai
corruptit him with sinister counsell contrare +te commoun
weil. Quhare he fand ceremonis and sacrifice concernyng
goddis neclectit or nocht reuerendlie tretit in tyme of Lugthak
be perversit counsalouris, with devote laubouris he restorit
<P 259>
+tame to +te first state, as be antecessouris and haly          #
bischoppis
in tyme bipast was obseruit, beleving he providit sufficientlie
+te prosperite of him self and kinrik gif he stude in           #
benevolence
of his goddis, quham Lugthak be his wikkit dedis hielie had
provokit contrare his realme and subiectis. Scottis herethrow
tuke curage with esperance of bettir fortune, seand +tare       #
prince
addressit his life to follow +te vertuos~ gyding of his         #
gudeschir
and to vesy his realme, tending reforme +te sammyn with
policye and bettir maneris. His liegis resauit him with als
hertlie kyndenes as +tai welcummyt nobill Gald quhen he had
expellit Romanis be lauborios~ batell and weris. In +te meyne
tyme ambassiatouris of Pichtis come to +te king, humlie
requiring him with supple contrare Romanis and Britouns
quhilkis with power conionit had haistelie invadit Pichtland,
distroyand all be fyre and swerde, to +te hevy skaith of        #
inhabitantis
to +tare force resisting. The samyn tyme +te Galloways,
callit Brigantis before, hevilie plene+geit +te iniuris of      #
Romanis
+tat eftir Anandale ourethrawin, +tai oppressit Galloway
siclike, and fra +te samyn of men and bestiall draif ane huge
pray. The king having his ingine gevin nocht onelie to domestic
and religious actis, bot als~wele to fatis of were, inflammyt   #
be
glore of his gudeschir, reiosing mekill +tat +te mocioun of     #
were
was provokit be inemyis and +tat he suld nocht begyn
sic wrangwis weris, he directit first ambassiatouris to         #
Romanis,
desiring redres~ of iniuris according to +te lyig. Quhen to +te
Romane legate ambassiatouris had schewin +tare charge, thay
war ansuerit with grete pride and derisioun +tat Scottis and
Pichtis, maist abiect of vthir barbare naciouns, war skant sa
mekle be Romanis extemyt, as sufferit mak seruice like vile
sklavis: howbeit +tai wald be wilfully randerit, and gif        #
Romanis
wald suffir +tame liff, +tai war sparit onelie to kepe +tare    #
bestiall
and driffe +te samyn to +tare campe for +tare wynter            #
provisioun,
togiddir with +tare dochteris and wyiffis to be abusit at       #
ples~our
of +te weremen: and gif it war anys menyt +tai wald refuse
sic seruice, heviare chargis suld be to +tame laid, to caus~    #
+tame
vnderstand quhat inconvenientis mycht follow contrare lordis
of all +te warld to contend. At +tis ansuere King Mogall        #
commovit,
testifying goddis Romanis had violate +te pece and contempnit
<P 260>
his message, besocht +tai suld apoun +tat nacioun bring
+te haill myschefe of +te were, +tat first +tareof maid         #
provocacioun.
Nocht lang eftir, preparing all necessaris for hoisting, he     #
departit
fra Siluria quhare +te power of Scotland convenit, and convoyit
his armye to Galloway, quhare with the maist nobill of his
folkis he vesyit the tovmb of illustre Gald, his gudeschir,
with sacrifice accustumyt and vthir ceremonis. Quhen with
solempnit pompe he had completit +te funerall seruice, in       #
presens
of +te kirkmen (callit Drwidis for +te tyme) with devote        #
supplicacioun
and prayere conforme to +te rite of Gentilis, prostrate
to ground he said: "Nobill Gald, maist victorios~ prince,       #
quhilk
vmquhile eftir sa mony aduersiteis of fortune be thy importune
laubouris restorit +te realmez of Scottis and Pichtis, almaist
distroyit be +te Romane armye, and abiecting +te +goik of       #
seruitute
expellit fra +te realme potent inemyis, lordis and conquerouris
of +te warld, and be favoure of goddis, vincust +tame
in bataill, now we, quhilk baith in pece and were war reddy
to lufe and serue the with mare ardent cherite +tan may be
expremyt, prostrate, in presence of +ti honorable towmb,        #
perpetuall
refuge to all Scottis in aduersite, constitute now in
grete danger, with lamentable voce we incall +ti beryit corps
(bot erare +ti quyk and liffand spirit) to be propiciant to ws,
persewit be +te samyn inemyis quham +tow vincust in +tis
place; humelie beseking, gif +tow has owdir divine vertewe or
power, +tat quhen we +ti posterite, molestit with iniust weris,
sall strike +te bargane, thow suffir nowder oure inemyis,       #
brekaris
of +tare faith, haue victorie, nor +ti honour be fule+geit be   #
+tare
outrage, quhom thow before ourethrewe and of benevolence
sufferit depart sauflie with life and gudis, quharefore +ti     #
name
mon on force be to all Romanis terribill." Quhen Mogall
had said +tir wourdis, the multitude present, with clamour
and confusit sound beseking +te goddis to +te sammyn effect,
enbrasit +te ymage of Gald flourit and ourefrett with           #
garlandis,
as was +tan +te custume at funerall likis, and with devote
wourdis of haly ceremonis conforme to +te maner of Gentile
ritis sacrifyit to haue fortune ewros~ baith in +tare passage
and returne. Siclike +te religios~ wemen present with +te
preistis at +te sacrifice, dingand +tare flesch with skurgis to
<P 261>
appere mare devote, with bittir maledictiouns heiffing +tare
handis towart +te hevin, cruelly waryit and cursit +te empriour
and al +te Romane sene+geory.

[}HOW KING MOGALL WITH +TE KING OF PICHTIS STRAIK ANE
FEILD CONTRARE ROMANIS AND WAR VICTOURIS.
CAP=O= IJ=O=}]

Hereefter King Mogall tranoyntit to Anandale, quhare he
fand Vnipane, king of Pichtis, reddy with his armye as was
devisit. Sua with power conionit +tai invadit Westmareland
and Cumbirland for +te tyme obeysant to +te sene+geory of
Romanis. Herying +tai boundis be fire and swerde, +tai          #
distroyit
all +tat mycht nocht be eselie caryit nor removit. The
inhabitantis herethrow affrayit, fled to strenthis quhare +tai
mycht haue refuge. Romanis quhilk kepit castellis and           #
fortalicis
fled to Lucius Anthenous, legate, at +Gork for the tyme,
to plene+ge +te iniuris of Scottis and Pichtis. Lucius,         #
contracting
ane armye throw all Britan, haistelie with strang power
occurrit to inemyis. King Mogall, knawing ye cuming of
Romanis, and fering +tai suld haistelie invaid his folkis       #
skalit
on +te feildis, convenyng +tame be sound of trumpett, to +tame
said as followis: "To convoy oure affaris with honoure
(maist vail+geand campiouns) with all exhortaciouns, I fynd     #
first
suld be schewin to oure armye. Na thing may sa mekill avance
stalwart men to conques~ lawde and glore as stoutlie to repell
+te iniuris of inemyis quhen +tai persewe, and erare or +tai be
subiect to +te +goke of vile seruitute and lif in thirllage, to #
fecht
in defence of liberte and native cuntre, quhill +tare life may
lest. Hereof we haue suthfast exemplis nocht onelie of oure
forebearis bot of vthir naciouns. Be how grete force and
wisdome, traist +te, King Eder, fortifying Cassibilane, king of
Britan, lauborit to expell Iulius Cesare, first chiftane of     #
Romanis,
invading Albion, quhen he tendit fra Britouns reif +tare        #
liberte;
how beit frustrate of his purpois, he departit like ane fleare.
Herethrow Eder to him and his posterite conquest perpetuale
lawde and honoure. Werelie vassalage and fortitude with na
les~ lawde and glore has decorit illustre King Caratake, quhilk
<P 262>
in mony iournayis be variabill fortoun contending for his
liberte, quhen be inemyis he mycht nocht be vincust, he was
desauit be fraude of his wikkit cousines, Cartwmandua,          #
deliuerit
to inemyis and led captive to Claudius, Romane emprioure,
becaus in sic aduersiteis his mynde was euer invincibill,
debating his kinrik to the extreme. How beit he was vincust,
he was mare extemyt +tan inemyis victouris, and be benevolence
of Cesare deliuerit to liberte, was restorit to his realme      #
exempill
doutles of excellent fortitude to +te posterite. Siclike we
remember his broder germane, King Corbreid, of als gude
mynde in defending his liberte and lauboring quhil he was
nere consumyt be weris, to drive fra Albioun +te pridefull
domynion of Romanis, quhilk sa mony +geris be cruell weris
molestit oure cuntre. Finalie inemyis to sic miserie war
brocht +tat howbeit +te maist parte of his nobillis war in      #
batell
slane, +git be him +te Romane pussance was sa extenuate and
feblit +tat, during his life, +tai mycht na way supprise +te    #
boundis
of Scottis and Pichtis. It sall nocht bene vnplesing to         #
remember
in +tis place the illustre prince King Gald my gudeschir, maist
nobill and vail+geand of all vtheris in his days, twichit with
sa mony infortunate caiss~, in sa mony dangeris contending
contrare Romanis bot erare fortune, and sa oftymes be aduersite
+tareof vincust, sa oftymes chaissit, tynyng of hors~men
and futemen, +te maist parte cummerit with infinite calamyteis
mony +geris, be discumfiture of diuers~ armyis ilk ane eftir
vthir, he persewit, euer constant in his opinioun, nocht brokin
be mysfortune, susten and stoutlie all aduersite, quhill        #
fortune,
wery throw lang debate contrare vertew (gif sua be lefull to
speik), to +tat vail+geand prince gaif place, and finalie       #
almaist
was constrenit behald him with ane mare freyndlie e. Sua
quhen finalie he had dung Romanis with vntelland myscheif
bakwart to +tare campe eftir +tai war thryis~ vincust in
batell, and thirllit to sic subiection +tat howbeit latelie     #
nowthir
+te haill warld nor +te out ilis to +tame war sufficient,       #
naroly
within +tare strenth +tai mycht defend +tare livis. This king
saw +te sicht quhilk neuer before happynnyt to mortall man
(how beit in opulence and vail+geandnes excelling) +tat humelie
asking grace, at his fete lay ambassiatouris of +tat pepill to
<P 263>
quham sa mony kingis, vail+geand chiftanis and governouris
of diuers~ naciouns war subiectit and glaid to haue grant of
mercye, resauit baith lawis and condiciouns of pece at his
plesere; nochtwithstanding to +tame all nacions for +te maist
parte obtemperis and obeyis. Attoure +te place quhare conquest
was +tis memorabil victorie, is callit fra him Galdia, in
remembrance to +te posterite of +tat glorios~ act quhil +te
realme of Scottis sall lest. Thir premiss~ conducis mare to
+te glore of +te illustre prince Gald and to all Scottis nacion
that with sic force he debatit sa extremelie and sa lang        #
contrare
Romanis sa opulent and expert in weris. Now, freyndis
and cumpan+geons, quhilkis owdir war present or ar discendit
of vail+geand forebearis at weris with +tis nobill prince,      #
consider,
I beseik, quhat partie +ge haue in +tis iourneye. Trewlie +ge
haue ado bot with sic pepill as +ge vincust, chasit and         #
discumfist
afore, and sufferit bot at +goure ples~our to liff. Siclike I   #
wald
+ge considerit quhat +ge ar treulie. +Ge ar victouris           #
vnful+geit
in curage, protectouris of +gour cuntre, liberte, wyiffis,      #
childer,
lawis and native goddis, nocht kindillit be ambicioun of
sene+geory to fecht, nor be covatice to reif rowmys fra         #
vtheris,
bot be constant manhede to strike the bargane. Attoure
remembir quhat dishonoure is to think +tat Romanis sa oftymes
vincust, may nocht now be ourethrawin. Beleif weill +ge haue
now +te samyn vertewe and strenth, with als gude fortune as
in tyme precedent. Quharefore, maist vale+geand campiouns
(to quham +te victorie is reddy at hand), pas fordwart and
strike doun +goure inemyis, afore be +gow fule+gete, and dryfe
+tame to flicht, sen in nocht ellis +tai haue esperance. Stout
curage onelie is requirit, and doutles be +goure manhede +ge    #
sall
haue +gour intent." Be thir wourdis or siclike the king         #
kindillit
+te curage of his folkis with grete fervoure to strike +te      #
bargane.
Nor Lucius Anthenous, Romane legate, was na les~ diligent
with ane vehement vrasoun to exhort his armye desirus of
batell, persuading +tat, be exempill of forebearis, +tai suld   #
with
manlie curage do +tare devoure, memorative be quhat laubouris
+tai war hantit in weris to ouresett, discumfis~ and ourethraw
the strang ordinance of inemyis; als +tai suld remember +tai
had now ado bot with barbare and vndantit pepill without
<P 264>
resoun, sterit only be furie and rage; off quhilk rage the
effect is to distroye the poweris baith of body and mynde,
to kyndill men abone mesure, to attempt interprisis of folie
and quhen maist stranglie is to be fochtin, +tare curage        #
fail+geis
and in ane schort moment brokin. Fferder, he exhortit +tai
suld haue confidence in +te innative vassalage of Romanis,
and nocht exteme inemyis, cruell, inhumane and vnmercifull
quhare +tai mycht be maisteris amang +tame self, lauboring in
contynuall discorde without exterioure provocacion, assembling
now for na lufe +tai haue to vtheris, bot for haterent of
inemyis: howbeit amang +tame self was auld fede, lurkir
with mekill vthir rankoure and fede: quharefore be grete
confidence +tai suld mak for batell, fermlie beleiffing to      #
ourethraw
+tare fais; for without disceptacioun +tai suld wyn
excellent glore becaus +te rowmys, be sleuth of Trebellius in
Albiane loist, be +tare manhede to +te Romane Impire suld be
restorit. In +tis sorte endit Lucius his exhortacioun. Syne
on a+tir partie incalling +tare goddis, with greter hete +tan   #
may
be extemyt +tai ionit +te batell. Apoun oure folkis Romanis
schot grete nowmer of arrowis and kest dartis, quharethrow
mony war woundit. Oure archearis agane schott arrowis and
with slungis and stanis did grete mischeif. Wemen in copios~
nowmer faucht myxt amang oure armye, and eftir incredibill
multitude of stanis warpit apoun Romanis, vsit weill +tare
wapynnys, turnyng +tare womanlie and dolf curage in ire,
fering na wapin, armoure nor perrell, and +te sarare +tai war
woundit, war mare egir in cruelte, excelling +te men of were.
The place quhare +te feild was gevyn was avantage to oure
folkis and na litill skaith to Romanis, ffor +te cuntre was to
+tame vnkend, quharethrow +tai happynnyt, amang haggis,
sewchis and vthir sic brokin gatis, +tat on force +tai war      #
sinderit,
contrinit almaist in rowtis and cumpanyis to fecht. The
bargane on athir partie was cruell, bot maist dangerous~ in
+te myddill warde quhare +te chiftanis faucht, ffor be grete
manhede athir partie in curage was kindillit. Romanis thocht
+tai suld nocht be vincust be sic barbare pepill, maist abiect
of all +te warld, quham sa oftymes +tai had contempnit: Scottis
and Pichtis be +te contrare, thinkand quhill +tare life mycht
<P 265>
indure +tai suld nocht leis~ +te name of victorie with sa grete
laubouris conquest. Athir army kepit +te feild quhare +te
batell began, irkit and wery, inflicting grevous woundis,
saciate ilkane be slauchter of vtheris. Ffinalie eftir lang
fechting +tai devodit swerdis and tuke knyffis. Quhen           #
innowmerabill
war slane, nowthir partie apperit leif +te feild. Chiftanis,
behalding sa horribill slauchter, repentit in ane parte
+te bargane, seand +te fall of sa mony wicht men on athir side.
At last Scottis and Pichtis be innative ferocite contrinit
Romanis remove, nocht as flearis bot withdrawe +tame softlie
fra +te feild, sustenit na langare +te multitude and force of
inemyis. This aduerting Lucius, and with grete schowtis
exhorting his folkis to returne, praying +tai suld nocht gif    #
bak to
+tare barbaris, nor +tat day defile +te glore of +te Romane     #
maieste,
he was woundit with ane arrow be schot of ane fute man
and departit of +te feild. Apoun him followit grete multitude
of +tame in speciall quhilk desirit erare behald +te bargane,   #
+tan
fecht. +Te remanent, persaving +tare feris fle, gaif haistelie  #
+te
bak and to salf +tare livis to +te nixt woddis spedelie ran.    #
Sum
Romanis quhilk without dangere of +tare life for inemyis
mycht nocht wyn +te forest returnit, vthir wayis throw          #
ignorance
of +te ground, incertane quhare +tai mycht be salf. Now
was +te son declynyng and +te victorios~ army of Pichtis and
Scottis at blast of trumpet left +te chais~, returnyng to +te   #
feild,
quhare with plesand singing, incredibill blythtnes and clamour
+tai draif the nycht to end. On +te morne collecting +te        #
spule+ge
and +te kingis with nobillis of athir nacioun consulting, +tai
war aduertist be exploratouris, how Romanis fleing afore in
ane rout war assemblit within twa mylis, impeschit be ignorance
of watteris, bankis, sewchis and brayis, nocht knawing
quhare to pas~. To persewe +tame ane cumpanye of gudelie
men was chosin, and quhen +tai come in sicht, Romanis           #
vnabasitlie
drewe to ane know reddy to fecht and erare be slane
than be randerit. Quhen Scottis and Pichtis considerit
Romanis sobir in nowmer and pussance addressing for batell,
thay had miseracioun, persuading +tame to devode wapynnys
and wilfully be randerit, allegeand +tare chiftane was present,
reddy to gif +tame grace +tat +tai mycht sauflie to +tare armye
<P 266>
returne. Romanis refusit, thinkand grete dishonour eftir sa
terribill myscheif in subiectioun to lif vnder the barbaris.
Sua quhen +tai wald nowthir be randerit nor desire grace at
+te kingis bot obstinatelie wald fecht, +tai war ilkane slane   #
be
Scottis and Pichtis in haterent and ire, hevilie contrare +tame
commovit. How beit mony abhorrit sa grete crudelite. On
+te morne, conforme to +te rite of Gentilis, quhen sacrifice    #
eftir
+te victorie was maid, the kingis causit +tare folkis convene   #
of
newe, quhare +tai commendit mekill +tare curage, rewarding +te
maist vale+geand and vtheris as +tai had deseruit and borne
+tame in batell; syne consultit lang how +te remanent weris
suld be reulit.

[}HOW THE EMPRIOURE ADRIANE COME IN BRITANE AND
EXTENDIT ANE DIKE BETUIX +TE WEST AND EST SEYIS; OF
+TE TYRANNYE AND VICIS OF KING MOGALL; OF HIS SLAUCHTER
AND VTHIR INCIDENTIS. CAP=O= 3=O=}]

Lucius Anthenous, Romane legate, in +te mene tyme send
ane messagere to Rome, aduertissing Adriane empriour
of +te batall aduersare in Britane: how Romanis planlie war
vincust be barbaris, maist cruell pepill of all v+tiris         #
fechting
in batell all atanis without excepcioun, and mare kenelie
wemen +tan men: he besocht him send supple in Britane to
defend +te province, v+tirwais it was force owder obey +te
barbaris or be slane, or schamefully leif +te cuntre. Quhen
this in Rome was schawin, Adriane emprioure incontinent
made his expedicioun towart Britan and with grete iournayis
come in Gallia, and fra thyne with difficill saling be Calice   #
to
Albion. At his cuming he was certifyit be inhabitantis that
Scottis and Pichtis, proude abone mesure of +te recent          #
victorie,
with mare power +tan afore had invadit the province of Romanis,
distroyit all be fire and swerde, nowthir sparing +gong nor     #
auld,
wemen nor men, drevin bestiall away, disturssit +te cuntre of
insicht and victualis sa mekil as +tai mycht cary, and brynt
the remanent cornis, townys and vthir thingis, and laid all
waist to +te ryver of Tyne. At thir thingis +te empriour        #
commovit,
<P 267>
desirus to revenge sic iniuris to +te Romane armye,
adionit +te power contractit of Gallis and Britan, and with
all his ordinance movit towart +Gork, quhare mare commodioslie
to haue his intent he restit ane litill, quhil euery man had    #
providit
victualis for twa monethis. Syne tranoynting towart
inemyis, and with difficulte passing the flude of Tyne, the     #
feird
day he come to feildis denwde and bare of all thingis necessare
to +te vse of man. Quhen he had travellit ane day and ane
vthir, seand nowthir bestiall, corne nor nane liffand thing,
knawand how +te inhabitantis war fled to strenthis, and
certifijt be exploratouris and vtheris spule+gete of +tare      #
gudis,
of +te condiciouns of Scottis, how +tai war mare lesty and      #
durabill
in weris +tan ony vthiris to ly in wynter on +te plane without
palliouns or covertouris, remanyng in boggis and merress~ as
in strenthis, amang frost, snaw and haill, and quhen vthir
pepill in wynter maid +tame for rest, +tai wald nocht skaill
+tare armye bot fle, gif inemyis persewit, to +te montanis
intractibil and horribill be intemperance of weddir, and to
follow +tame in sic strate erdis war cummyr abone mesure
without experience of +te ground, and nowthir in schort tyme
nor without grete hurte of +te Romane armye +tai mycht be
vincust. And als he tendit vesy all +te Romane provincis,
maturely discussing he mycht nocht lang tary in Britan, he
left +te persute of Scottis, thinking he had done eneuch for
weil of +te empire and his honoure gif in his expedicioun he
had dantit sum parte the rebellioun of Britouns and relevit
+te Romane provincis fra molestacioun of barbaris in tyme
cuming. Quharefore +tat +te invasiouns of Scottis and Pichtis
apoun Britan suld +tareeftir be stoppit, in +tat parte of       #
Albioun
obeying Romanis, he was +te first +tat gart big ane thik strang
wall of dovettis and faill, grete and heich as ony hill, with
ane depe and braid foussye before +te samyn ffra +te mouth
of +te river of Tyne extendit to the wattir of Esk and fra +te
est sey to +te west. Eleus Spartanus, famous writare of +te
Romane actis, haldis +tat +tis dyke had iiij=xx= mylis in       #
lenth.
Oure croniklis schawis it was begunnyn be Adriane and eftir
certane +geris completit be +te Empriour Severe; quharefore I
beleif that +te commoun writaris of oure historyis has tane
<P 268>
occasioun to call it the Wall of Severe. Bot following +te
opinioun of Romanis and Veremond, quhare we write of it
eftirwart we will call it +te Dike of Adriane, first begynnare  #
of
+te sammyn. Quhen +te empriour had dressit all his affaris
in +tai partis as +te tyme requirit he departit to Westmorland
and fra thyne to Walis, becaus he herd +te heris +tareof had
conspirit. Comprehending and punyssing +tame with litill
lauboure, he repressit all sic mociouns. Ffra thyne he movit
towart Kentschire. Tarying at Londoun quhil +te barouns of
Britan convenit to +te Romane felicite to applawde, he resauit
+tame plesandly, rewarding +tame with riche giftis +tat fra
thyne furth +tai repentit nocht +tare subiectioun to Romanis.
Ffra Londoun but tary he passit to Gallia (now Ffrance),
having with him Lucius Anthenous legate, sare with infirmite
vexit be intemperance of +te Britan are, and in his place       #
constitute
Aulus Victorinus legate. Victorine, eftir +te emprioure
departit, incontinent disponit stark power in all castellis and
strenthis nixt +te dike, quhilk latelie is remembrit, to stop   #
+te
violence of Scottis and Pichtis fra molestacioun of             #
inhabitantis
+tai boundis. Quharethrow Britouns certane +geris liffit
at securite vnder +te Romane lawis. Scottis and Pichtis amang
+tame dividit +te Britan landis waistit afore and assignit +te
est parte to Pichtis, the north and west partis to +te Scottis;
syne appoyntit of new, ald fale+gete castellis and strenthis    #
+tat
war nere +te dyke, stuffing +tame with garnisoun and mwnicions
to stop +te iniuris of Romanis and Britouns fra +te new         #
inhabitantis.
Ffra thyne +te regne of Mogall was relevit fra domestic
and exterior weris. Bot how beit he conquest glorios~ victorie
apoun Romanis, lordis of all +te warld, he mycht nocht (bot
erare wald nocht) reule nor tempir him self, abone mesure vsing
lustis and plesuris, +tat he grew to foule vicis and age baith
attanis; he gaif him self to lustis and avarice in his age,     #
+tat
he eschamyt nowdir of plane reif nor vthir inhoneste, abusand
elike +te wyiffis of nobillis and commouns. He wald planelie
revis~ and defoul wemen at his ples~our, abstenyng nowder
fra wedois nor virginis. Attoure he pervertit all iustice,      #
suffering
mysdoaris quhilkis had owthir few gudis or nane, mak
reif and rubery without correctioun; and gif men of substance
<P 269>
in sobir crymez war deprehendit he causit +tame be slane, and
confiskit all +tare gudis. Ffirst of all vthir princis he       #
decretit
+tat quhen ane man be +te lawe was put to dede or to +te horne,
his gudis, without respect of wiffe, barnys or creditouris,     #
suld
be eschetit, quhen before +tat tyme, gif ane man for ane        #
crymynall
actioun was condampnit to dede, his wyfe and childer
mycht of law bruke his landis, biggingis, insicht, with all his
vthir gudis. This law, representing +te insaciabill auarice of
+tis king, is with diligence obseruit in +tis realme to +te     #
rigoure
quhil +tis day. Bot sic abhominable vicis mycht nocht be lang
vnpunyst (the goddis +tareto aduersant), ffor nobillis and      #
commouns,
be +tir grete iniuris inflambit, devisit distructioun of
+te king, and to perfurnis +tare intent, constitute certane men
in armes and devisit tyme and place convenient. The king,
knawing him culpabill, suspectit gretelie +te coniuracioun.
Incertane gif he knew it be warnyng of wichis, mekle extemyt
in +tai dayis, or be aduertising of freyndis +tat knew +te      #
mater,
ffering his life he devisyt fle to +te Ilis. To awate           #
oportunite, in
+te dirk nycht he fene+git seiknes and bownit him sonare to
bed +tan he accustummyt. Quhen all was at rest he tuke his
halkrik, bow and scheif, and convoyit with twa servandis
passit to +te forest beside, leiffand all +te remanent, in      #
quham
he confidit litill, as commonlie ane crymynale conscience in
creature can haue grete confidence. On +te morne +te            #
conspiratouris,
knawing +te king fled, haistelie followit. And he,
tending to declyne +tare scharpe persute, be aventure happynnyt
amang inemyis apoun him awating, be quham he was slane
with mony grevous~ woundis, +te xxxvj +gere of his regnne,
quhilk was of oure Redempcioun j=c= xlviij +geris; Anthonius    #
Pius
brouking +te Romane Impire and Phyat Alb regnand abone
Pichtis. Quhare +te king was slane +tai straik of his hede,
quhilk apoun ane spere be ane rebald to +te nixt village was
borne, with derisoun and skorne, quhare ane grete multitude
was tarying +te fyne of +te mater. Sum devisit his carioun suld
be cassyn to wylde beistis to be rent and revyn, for his        #
demeritis
requirit +te samyn. Bot +te nobillis, memorative of +te         #
virtuos~
actis of King Gald, defendit sic crudelite, and causit the hede
and corps be beryit with princelie pompe, nocht for+getting
<P 270>
+tat preclare actis of nobill men suld be honorit. Mogall in
+tis sorte tuke ane cruell and vnhappy end, obscuring, sa fer
as was in him, +te glore of Gald his nobill gudeschir. Betuix
deceis~ of Dardan king and +tis tyme mony famous men war
liffand, in +te quhilk tyme succedit to +te crowne thre kingis
liniale of +te blude of Gald. Ffor to Gald succedit his son
Lugthak, and to Lugthak +tis Mogall, dochteris son to Gald.
Thir famous cunnyng men war Quintiliane, oratoure and
rhetoure maist preclare; Serapio, philosophoure apprisit
abone all vtheris; Philo +te Iow, philosophoure and oratoure,
of quham falslie is vsurpit +tat owthir Plato fene+geis him
Philo, or ellis Philo schawis him Plato; Plinius +te secund,
quhilk wrate +te Naturale Historyis na les trewlie +tan         #
cunnynglie,
contenyng xxxvij volumys; Cornelius Tacitus, historiographoure,
quham in +tis mater we haue oftymes with
diligence followit; Cecilius Plenius +te Secund, oratour;       #
Suetonius
Tranquillus; Ptholome +te astrolog, famous in his tyme,
quhilk as sum apprisit authouris writis ordorit with new        #
addiciouns
the discripcioun of +te erde, compilit be Ptolome callit
Phaladelph, king of Egipt; Lucius Apuleius, Affrican oratoure;
Aulus Gelius; Plutharcus Chironeus, philosophoure. Sum
writis Egisippus, historiographoure of +te actis of Cristianis
and Iowis, liffit +tis tyme. By thir war mony famous poetis, as
Iuuenale, Sillius Italiane, Marciale, and diuers~ vtheris       #
cunnyng
men, excelling in doctryne and vertewe. About +tis tyme
Romane empriouris throw all +te warld persewit cruelly all
Cristianis and slewe Lyne, Clete, Clement, Anaclete, Auarist
and Alexander papis; siclike Domicilla, Euphrosina, Theodora,
virginis; Hermagora bischop, discipill of Sanct Mark            #
ewangelist;
Nichomede preist; Ffortunate Archidene; marthiris
and vtheris without nowmer, confessing +te name of Criste,
nocht aduerting of quhat strenth and vertew was +te Catholic
faith quhilk, how mekill it was ourethrawin be crudelite of
tyrannys, samekle it incressit and be persecucioun was starker.
Now to oure mater lat ws returne.
<P 271>

[}HOW CONARE WAS CROWNIT; OF HIS MYSGIDING; HOW
HE WAS PRIVATE OF HIS CROUN AND INCARCERATE; HOW
ARGADE WAS MADE GOUERNOURE; HOW FOR HIS MYSGIDING
HE WAS ACCUSIT AND +TAREEFTIR VERTUOUSLIE GOUERNIT
+TE KINRIK. CAP=O= IIIJ=O=}]

King Mogall, as said is, in begynnyng of his regnne mycht
of resoun be comptit amang vthir nobill princis, bot
finalie he abusit sua his goverment +tat he was vnwourthy to
bruke owder life or crowne and made sic end as said is. Nor
his son Conare eftir him gidit litill bettir, nor had na bettir
fortune, for be tresoun in his faderis persoun (persuading
secretelie his slauchter) he gat +te crowne and in begynnyng of
his regne dissimilit his vicis to quhilkis he was halely gevin.
Quhen eftirwart he had +te realme stabill, in voluptuosite he
consumyt all rentis and revennous~ annext to +te crowne, gevin
large possessiouns and landis to vicios~ persouns quhilkis be
flatterie (as oftymes is sene) commendit his corruptit maneris
and detestit vertew, gif he vsit ony. Be counsell of +tir       #
persouns
without avise of his wise barouns all was reulit, tending to
induce new invencioun of bankettis and delicate chere without
regarde to +te temperate diet of antecessouris. Quhen be
mony infamous vicis he had consumyt all substance annext to
+te crowne, at convencioun of +te nobillis, be ane lang and
tedious~ proposicioun he schewe mony thingis concernyng +te
splendoure, honeste and multitude of +te kingis houshald of
fryant chere and ordoure +tareof, and of +te honeste of his
tabill, like as grete vertew had bene in sic thingis, how beit
doutles +tai ar grete parte of seruitute, and becaus +te kingis
propirte mycht nocht sustene +te samyn, he desirit ane          #
taxacioun
be maid +tat euery man eftir his faculte suld assigne
ane porcioun of his gudis to his expens~. It was ansuerit be
+te counsell +tai couth nocht (nor +git efferit nocht) decerne
haistelie in sa grete mater, strange and vnknawin to +te pepill
afore; it requirit grete consultacioun and avisement; +tai
suld convene on +te morne in +te samyn place and gif ansuere.
The nycht following +tai concludit secretelie to apprehend +te
<P 272>
king, and denude him of princelie estate, as his vicios~ and
mysgidit lyfe requirit. To +tis effect +tai devisit men in      #
armys.
On +te morne ane was chosin to ansuere in +tis sorte: "The
barouns and heris of +te realme amervellis how +te king regnyng
in pece and rest can nocht be sustenit be his rentis, of        #
quhilkis
mony princis preclare baith in pece and were (how beit +tai
war molestit be inemyis) war content afore, without exactiouns
of +tare liegis. Gald the king, redemer of his kinrik, to quhom
for contynuall weris grete expens~ behuffit ythandlie be        #
furnyst,
vsit na exactiouns in extreme necessite, knawing weil how
odious~ sic thingis wer to +te pepill. And his giding was nocht
elike to +te vsis of Conare oure prince, ffor +tat with mare
vigilant cure Gald mycht vaik to govern his realme, he removit
fra him and his pepill all voluptuos~ plesuris and with grete
laubouris gaif him to defend his kinrik and expell inemyis
+tarefra, debarring fra his army tavernaris, cukis, wemen of
sporte, ruffianis and all vtheris, sic plesouris as mycht       #
effemynate
or soft +te curage of his folkis. Be +te contrare, Conare
oure prince, drownit in lustis, vsis cumpany of harlottis and
vthir vicious~ persouns to him plesing, hevy with ws to be
sufferit. Be +tare counsell he dressis +te grave materis of +te
realme, effering bettir men of wisdome, and quhen +tai haue
conquest riches and landis, +tai desire invenciouns to disturs~
baith nobillis and commouns of +tare gudis, and eftir mony
hevy chargis, has fynalie excogitate ane taxt strange and
odios~ to +te pepill of Scotland; and hereof maid +te king
begynnare, +tat of all +te realme +tai may bruke +te substance.
Bot +tai salbe finalie of +tare purpois~ dissauit, as +tai haue
begilit mony vtheris lang tyme afore, and sall be brocht to
sic poynt +tai sall myster exactiouns na mare, ffor +tai salbe
condampnit to +te gallous~ and +tare gudis eschete for +tare
crimes. The king be decrete of +te nobillis salbe in sure       #
keping.
The giding of +te realme salbe assignit to sic men as +te       #
counsell
fyndis maist ganand, quhil +tarefore be providit, gevin         #
exempill
baith to sic vile persouns how grete folie is, to abuse +te     #
kingis
authorite, and als to +te king how evill is to be mysgidit
baith in his awne persoun and liegis." Skantlie had he endit
his wourdis quhen +te king with ane hie voce cryit: "Mischeant
<P 273>
men, how dar +ge presume to myssay me with sic
reproche? Gif +ge haue contrare me devisit tresoun, on +goure
self it sall be sene and sall be haistelie revengeit with       #
punycioun
for cryme of leis~ maieste requirit." Thareto ansuerit +te
barouns, he was nocht wourthy to bruke +te sete of King         #
Ffergus~,
becaus servile and vnwourthy persouns at +tare ples~our
oppressing +te pepill, be his sleuth and voluptuosite, had      #
supprisit
gude men langare +tan enewch. At +tir wordis was
rasit ane cry be +te parte of +te barouns. Syne certane         #
stalwart
men laid handis on +te king and led him fra +te counsell
to ane chalmer. His myn+geons be quhais counsell he abusit
+te commoun weill war bundin, and eftir diueris~ panys, at
command of +te barouns hangit. Eftir this +tai create ane       #
nobill
man, Argade, cheif of Argathele, gouernoure, to vse +te kingis
authorite, quhil v+tir wayis war decernit how +te king suld be
gidit. Argade, in +te begynnyng takand grete laubouris with
wisdome, authorite and avise of +te barouns, dantit reiff,
stouth, slauchter and vthir crimez, with sic discrecioun, +tat
be sleuth nor rigour na thing was done, displesing nane in his
defalt, exemplare to all vthir princis, war +tai neuer sa       #
vertuous~.
Bot eftir certane +geris (as is +te custume of mortaill
men) prosperite abstractit his mynde fra iustice, quhen         #
for+getting
his vertuous~ maneris and postponyng to consult in grave
materis with +te barouns, he reulit all sic thingis be private
counsell, fostering sedicioun and discorde amang +te clannys.
And +tat +te noblis to him suld euer hafe recours~, he maid
concorde betuix partys debatabill and discorde of newe as
he plesit. Be choussing and affinite he drewe to him +te heris
of Pichtis and tuke in mariage ane nobill woman of Pichtis
blude, dochter to +te prince of Otoline (now Fiffe), sua +tat   #
his
pussance and +taris concurring, he mycht liff in mare securite.
The nobillis hevily weyit the vicis and dissymulacioun of
Argade, and scharplie accusit him in counsell +tat, how beit
be +tare avise he was create governoure for his vertewe, and
+te king for his mysgidit vicis was private of +te crowne, be
multiplicacioun of crymes he followit +te liffing of +te        #
abiectit
king, he contractit mariage with ane aliene and myxt his
dochteris with +te blude of Pichtis, nowthir be avise of +te
<P 274>
nobillis, nor taryand decrete of prudent barouns, best myndit
to +te wele of +te realme; bot be his private counsell, in      #
hurte
of +te pepill, he ministerit all grave materis; quharethrow
with grete dishonoure tynand his gude name he had in +ge
first +geris of his goverment, to +te pepill venerabill for     #
preemynent
vertewis, his excellent ingyne, sum tyme gevin to
sic vertewis as efferit ane nobill prince, was now applyit to
thingis quharein was nowthir honeste nor gude maneris. [^SIGN   #
OMITTED^]
Argade, hering +tis scharpe accusacioun eschamyt, nocht
contenyng fra weping, quhen be na way he couth purge his
cais~ how beit he multiplyit wourdis, besocht +tai suld remove
pane corispondent to his demeritis, leif +tare ire, be to him
favorable, and nocht punys~ him as he had deseruit; ffor
peraventure be his gude bering he mycht eftirwart remove
the dishonoure incurrit be his mysgiding, and suld reddres~
all iniuris sufferit be nobillis or commouns throw his culpe
and sleuth. Syne prostrate to grond, he referrit his persoun
and substance to +te will of +te barouns, to be disponit        #
+tareapoun
at +tare plesere. The noblis be weping and gude
wourdis of +te governoure, movit of piete, consentit he suld
vse his office as afore and his consalouris suld be removit
and incarcerate. Thareeftir he did nowthir public nor private
act without avise of barouns. Abstenyng fra all domestic
counsell, he gaif him with diligence to minister equite and
iustice, and put ordoure to schireffis, capitanis and vthir
officiaris, decreting +tai suld haue power to correct onelie    #
small
crymez, and remytt correctioun of grete crimez to +te iustice.
How beit, fra +te begynnyng of +te Romane weris to +tis tyme
the kingis sufferit schireffis and vtheris officiaris punys~    #
all
crimes indefferentlie at +tare plesere; syne ceirssand thevis,
reiffaris and sornaris trubling +te cuntre (of +tir in +te      #
Ilis,
Argathele and cuntreis adiacent war grete nowmer) quhare
+tai mycht be apprehendit war deliuerit to +te burreoure to be
slane. Alsua he statute +tat all officiaris and reullaris of    #
+te
cuntre suld abstene fra thingis provocative to drunkynnes,
sua +tat +te reullaris of +te pepill suld nocht myster mare     #
keping
+tan vtheris: to brekaris +tareof na les pane +tan dede was
proponit. Tavernaris, common cukis, and vthiris sic kynde
<P 275>
of folkis, devisit mare to +te voluptuosite +tan necessite,     #
inflammyng
men to delicatenes aganis the temperance of antecessouris,
war banyst, thare gudis confiskit and +tare biggingis
distroyit. The governoure, be +tir and sic vthir actis of       #
polecy
honorabill, lauborit parte be authorite parte be favouris to
caus~ +te pepill abstene fra iniuris of vpiris. Quharethrow
within schort tyme, evill avisit persouns become gude
men, and men weill gevin afore daly procedit to bettir.
Syne +te viij +gere of his authorite Conare king, quhilk (as    #
said
is) be decrete of +te nobillis was in keping throw lang         #
incarceracioun,
molestit with seiknes gaif +te gaist, the xiiij +gere eftir
he had tane +te crowne of Scotland, quhilk regne fell in +te
tyme +tat Anthonius Aurelius, philosophoure, broukit +te
Romane Impire; and +te history followand salbe of Ethod
quhilk eftir deceis~ of Conare regnit.

[}HOW ETHOD WAS CROWNIT, AND ARGADE MADE LIEUTENENT
OF SCOTLAND; HOW HE RECOUNTERIT ROMANIS IN BATELL,
AND QUHAT AVANTAGE HE HAD; HOW VICTORYNE THE
ROMANE LEGATE WAS DISCHARGIT, AND TO HIM SUCCEDIT
CALPHURNIUS; HOW HE INUADIT SCOTLAND AND REPARIT
+TE GRETE DIKE; HOW EFTIR DIUERS~ IUPERTEIS, CALPHURNUS
DEPARTIT TO ROME; HOW TREBELLIUS SUCCEDIT LEGATE,
AND OF HIS DISSYMULACIOUN. CAP=O= V=O=}]

Ethod, sister son to King Mogall, of quham lately is made
mencioun, be authorite and votis of +te noblis and pepill
and in speciall of Argade, be lyniall successioun resauit +te
crowne. Quhen he was declarit king, at parliament in estate
royall, thanking +te barouns of his creacioun, with lawde and
honoure apprising the goverment of Argade, rewarding him
with landis and riche possessiouns, made him grete lieutenent
of his realme, to vse authorite of iustice abone all v+tiris    #
vnder
his crowne. The convocacioun dissoluyng, +te king, vesiand
all partis of his realme as new princis war accustumyt, salit
to +te Ilis. At his cuming was schewin how +te cheif clannys
of Insulanis recentlie be discorde of certane lymmaris war
drawin to partyis and grete slauchter was made. Quharefore,
<P 276>
be avise of the barouns, he send Argade to ceirs~ the movaris
+tareof and bring +tame to +te law, how beit +tai wald resist.
Argade in botis and galiouns, sonare +tan +te transgressouris
mycht be aduertist, tuke +te ile quhare be exploratouris he
knewe +tai remanit. Quhen sum parte be force war takin,
and vtheris wilfully randerit, all war led to +te king, and     #
quha
be +te law war fund movaris of +tis trubill war put to dede.
The remanent war punyst in +tare gudis and landis at ples~our
of +te king and counsell. In +tis sorte +tis sedicion was       #
happelie
repressit. Eftir +te Insulanis war pecifyit the king returnit   #
to
Albion, and passing his tyme at Innerlochte in Lochabir, he
was aduertist be Scottis and Pichtis, bordoraris, how Romanis
had brokin down the new dyke beildit be +te Emprioure
Adriane and with stark power had invadit +te landis, and
driving the pray, happynnyt amang Scottis and Pichtis gaderit
to resist +tare force. On athir partie cruelly was fochtin.
Romanis war victouris, bot nocht without grevous slauchter,
ffor +te maist parte of nobillis recountering inemyis war       #
slane.
The king at brute of +tis message send ane herald to Victorine,
Romane legate in Britan, to ask redres~ conforme to tenoure
of +te pece: gif he refusit, to denunce were +ge xv day         #
+tareeftir.
It was ansuerit be +te Romane: How beit Scottis and
Pichtis euer amang +tare self lauborit in discorde, at +te last
forray +tai confiderit for evill of +tare nychtbouris, and fra  #
+te
Romane province draif ane pray and siclike Romanis fra
+tare landis: the confederate naciouns, contempnyng +te pece,
first brak +te dyke and biggit ane strang bastil+ge of tre: and
about +te samyn of stanis and dovatis ane strang barmkin,
and isching +tarefra had oftymes invadit the Romane provincis,
committing thift, reiff and slauchter diuers~ tymes, daly
almaist; redres~ was askit invane fra +te wardanis, +tare       #
heraldis
war contempnit and evill demanit; tharefore richtuislie +tai
had begunnyn +te brek. Be this ansuere +te king commovit,
be wretingis aduertist his broder of Pichtis hereof, exhorting
he wald concur with him to revenge +te recent iniuris done be
Romanis and reproche of +te contumelios~ wordis of the legate:
he suld bete doun +te dyke apoun his bordouris, be fyre and
swerde distroy the Romane landis, and tary +te army of
<P 277>
Scottis, quhilk doutles to him suld be sped. The king of
Pichtis, thanking +te messagere, promyst he suld with gude
hert vse his counsell. Quhen Romanis be exploratouris war
aduertist hereof, +tai preparit strang ordinance for batell.
Scottis and Pichtis, sloppand +te dyke in diuers~ partis, first
in +te Romane province maid apon commons terribill slauchter.
Romanis in nycht passing +te camp of innemyis, come to
Pichtland, tending +tarethrow to retere and drawe inemyis
fra +te Romane boundis. The kingis, of +tare intencioun be
wachis certifyit, with power conionit in +te mornyng towart
+tame movit. Quhen +tai approchit to sicht, athir armye
occurrit in meting of vthir, quhare was haistelie fochtin with
variant victorie and equale avantage, ffor +te richt wyngis war
victouris and +te left wyngis supprisit. The myddill warde
sustenit sa lang +te batell, quhill myrknes~ removing +te       #
sicht,
nowthir of +te armyis apperit gif place to vtheris. Quhen
+tus was fochtin, athir armye discumfist, lossing hors~men and
vtheris in grete nowmer, on +te nycht, for fere of vtheris      #
sindering,
fled to strenthis. On +te morne wemen quhilk followit
Scottis and Pichtis to +te feild (as was +te maner) nowder      #
having
sicht of inemyis nor freyndis, at +tare eis~ gaderit +te        #
spule+ge.
Be this batell, to athir partie aduersant, pussance and strenth
was sa ful+gete, +tat +te +gere following +tai desistit fra     #
batell.
In +te present tyme Victoryne legate wrate to +te Emprioure
Marcus Anthonius Aurelius how Scottis and Pichtis, inhumane
and wylde pepill, agane +te vertewe of trewis had bett downe
+te dike, be Adriane biggit to debar +tame fra +te Romane
provincis, and oftymes had made invasiouns, slauchter and
hereschip with grete crudelite apoun +tare subiectis; the
Romane armye had new mellit with +tame in batell, grevous~
slauchter was made on athir partie, euery armye as discumfist
gave place to vthir; thay war departit to Pichtland and
Galloway to renewe +tare power; litill confidence mycht be
gevin to Britouns, elike myndit as Scottis and Pichtis to be
at liberte gif +tai mycht se tyme; beseking herefore ye
emprioure for supple to +tir grete weris; giff he refusit,      #
Romanis
mycht nocht lang sustene the force of inemyis. The emprioure
resaving thir writingis, suspecting +tat, be sleuth and dolf
<P 278>
curage of Victorine in batell and his necligence, +te Romane
affaris prosperit nocht in Britan, dischargeing him of          #
authorite,
he providit in his place ane nobill man Calphurnius Agricola,
quham he directit with ane armye in Britan to contynewe
+te weris contrare +te barbaris as afore. This Calphurnius (as
sum men writis) was nevo to Iulius Agricola, maist nobill
chiftane of Romanis +tat euer come in Albion, as said is. Quhen
Calphurnius come in Britan, with power of Britouns ionit to
his armye he tranoyntit to debell +te barbar pepill quhill he
come to +Gork, ffra quhilk eftir sacrifice maid in +te rite of  #
Gentilis
for prosper expedicioun, he movit towart +te river of Tyne.
Quhen he had passit baith +te flude and +te grete dyke of
Adriane he fand all waist, without corne or bestiall, and       #
nowthir
village nor towne, bot all distroyit and birnt be Scottis and
Pichtis, that inemyis in +tai partis suld fynd na refuge.       #
Calphurnius
persewand ferder with his armye come to Ordoluce
and throw Dere (now Mers~, Berwik and Tividale) to Pichtland.
Quharefra eftir he had waistit +te cuntre and birnt +te
cornys, with townys and villagis, knawing wynter approchit
and his army was to be send to +tare wynter schelis he returnit
to +Gork, quhare with his armye he passit his tyme +te wynter
following in +te campe. The somer nixt, eftir strang ordinance
contrare Scottis and Pichtis was made reddy, Calphurnius on
his viage to Scotland was certifijt how +te inhabitantis of
Walis with nychtboure naciouns had movit rebellioun contrare
Romanis; cieteis and townys war dispul+geit; officiaris,
capitanis and soldeouris quhilkis war distribute in garnisoun   #
to
defend +te pepill obeying Romanis, war dispituouslie slane. At
+tis message Calphurnius, fering gif he had employit all his    #
cure
to subiect ane parte of Albioun, he suld to +te skaith of +te
Romane Impire los~ greter parte conquest be antecessouris
be sa grete laubouris, leiffand +te persute of Scottis, gaif    #
him
to repare and big +te dike be +tame and Pichtis for +te maist
parte sloppit and bet down. He causit +te fowsyis be clengit
of newe and towris with strenthis be biggit to stop inemyis
fra incursiouns apoun provincis obeying Romanis. To perfurnis
+te werk, he causit craftis men fra all partis be brocht.
Quhen samekill was biggit as was distroyit before, levand
<P 279>
power to defend the towris, with his armye he passit apoun
Walis. His cuming was terribill to +te inhabitantis. Ffinalie
+tai recounterit him in batell and without sare fechting war
nocht vincust. This rebellioun was nocht weill repressit quhen
ane vthir be inhabitantis +te Ile of Wicht begouth of newe, +te
maist parte of Britan noblis to +tame assisting. Nocht+teles~
be grete laubouris of Calphurnius +tai war ouresett and         #
begynnaris
of +te rebellioun to dede punyst. Quhill Calphurnius
in this sorte was molestit be sedicioun and batell intestyne,
Scottis and Pichtis at hame remanit, abstenyng to iniure
Romanis. For having consideracioun of +te tyme, +tai wald
nocht provoke the Romane armye, fering mekill +te grete
name of Calphurnius Agricola, memorative how his gudeschir,
Iulius Agricola, eftir subiectioun of Orduluce, Deer (now
Berwik, Mers~, Tevidale [^SIGN OMITTED^] ), Pichtland,          #
Galloway, Siluria (now
Kyle, Carrik, Cunynghame) with boundis adiacent, and            #
distruction
of +tare armyis in batell, had past throw Calidone
Wod and brocht +te Romane armye to Horestia (now Angous~).
Sua fering siclike fortune in his nevo, +tai abhorrit nocht     #
litill
during his authorite to recounter Romanis. Quhen Calphurnius
was certifijt how Scottis and Pichtis had skalit +tare
folkis, like as +tai had renuncit the weris and bene subiect,
he was glaid +tat the barbaris, as he belevit, without blude
war stoppit be +te wall and fowsyis to molest +te provincis of
Romanis, and tuke cure to mak vnyte and concorde amang
Britouns at divisioun for +te tyme. Ffinalie, +te legate having
all rancoure amang +te grete men mitigate and the province
in gude reule, he was callit to Rome be Anthonius Commodus
emprioure, quhilk to Marcus Aurelius Anthonius in the impire
succedit. Sua fra Britane he departit to Gallia, and fra thyne
be land iournais to Italie. Eftir him at command of +te
emprioure, Publius Trebellius in Britan was maid legate,
quhilk gaif him to follow +te goverment of Calphurnius, vsing
+te avise of Britan nobillis in graif materis, and sua he gidit
him mydway in +tare plesere in +te begynnyng; referring his
honouris to +te King Lucius, quhilk be authorite and favoure
of +te emprioure, regnit in Britan with lawde and honoure,
commending him to +te empriour and senatouris, affirmyng
<P 280>
him of gude mynde to the Empire, and na thing to him was
sa thankfull as +te prosperite of +te samyn; inemyis of Romanis
war to him odios~; he had punyst diuers~ in the realme contrare
him conspiring. Eftir thir and vthir grete lovingis of
Lucius to +te emprioure and senatouris, quhen be sic flattery
he had maid him to +tame gracios~, he began to opin his lang
dissimulit mynde, schewin him gevin to vicis and insaciabill
auarice, and within schort tyme, in presens of +te pepill,      #
accusing
men of substance be fene+geit causis, and to satisfy +te
rankoure of vtheris, gart +tame be put to dede. Vtheris he
exilit +te cuntre, and at his ples~our but respect to honeste
or schame intromettit with +te gudis of +tame and vtheris
quham he couth nocht accuse be ressoun. Ffinalie +tis           #
oppressioun
made +te legate odios~ to the pepill, quharethrow sedicioun
had bene movit gif Lucius king, quhilk favorit Romanis, be
supple and counsell had nocht fortifyit his affaris.

[}HOW SCOTTIS AND PICHTIS BE BATELL SUPPRISIT TREBELLIUS;
HOW THE COMMONIS OF BRITANE CONTRARE ROMANIS CONSPIRIT,
AND WAR VINCUST; HOW TREBELLIUS WAS REMOUIT
AND PERTINAX MADE LEGATE; OFF +TE HUMANITE AND
VAIL+GEANDNES OF PERTINAX; HOW HE WAS COACTIT TO
ACCEPT +TE IMPIRE. CAPO=O= VJ=O=}]

Scottis and Pichtis knawing how Britouns war myndit to
+te legate, thinkand tyme approchit (sen Calphurnius was
removit) to revenge ald iniuris, gaderit +tare folkis, with     #
grete
force brak down +te dike and on +te Britoun landis maid spreith
and spule+ge. Thir novellis inflammyt +te legate to pas~ with
stark ordinance contrare sa cruell inemyis, aganis quham in
batell fechtand he was destitute in +te feild be Britons and
Gallis, quham he trowit suld fortify his partie. Sua +te legate
with armye discumfist tynyng +te feild, naroly evadit           #
slauchter.
This felloun plaig distroyit grete parte of Romanis and na
litill nowmer of Scottis and Pichtis. Trebellius collecting +te
residew movit to +Gork, tending to renewe his power. How
beit grete nowmer of Scottis and Pichtis war slane, +git throw
<P 281>
+te recent victorie +tai grewe mare cruell to revenge slauchter
of +tare freyndis, and salfit na presonere in handis.           #
Thareeftir
at +tare ples~our thay opprest Westmorland, Kendale and
Cumbirland, and spule+geing +te cuntre abstenit fra na cruelte,
+tat +te rurale pepill war sa agast, +tai lippynnyt nocht ellis
bot dede. Nochtwithstanding +tat +te legate with hie            #
indignacioun
was hereat commovit, he durst nocht recounter inemyis
in plane batell, thinking it mycht hurt +te Romane sene+geory,
becaus he crynit mare +te tresoun of Britouns +tan +te manifest
invasioun of Scottis. Sua declynyng +te batell, quhare without
cummyr he mycht apprehend inemyis skalit in +te cuntre he
put +tame to dede, and within mvnyciouns and wallit townys
contenit him self and his armye. In +te ilk tyme ane servile
conspiracioun, movit be +te commouns of Britan, perturbit
mekill +te Romanis. Ffor +te commouns, almaist daly ouresett
be Scottis and Pichtis, disparing of reddres, be assistance of
diuers~ grete men fail+gete fra +te emprioure, in furoure and   #
ire
making for weir, thay cheissit Caldor chiftane, ane native
Picht, becaus he had amang +tame diuers~ +geris conversit,
accustumyt with +tare maneris and dispitefully hatit +te
Romane name. Sua with haiste expedicion +tai movit contrare
Trebellius and his armye. Trebellius, knawing +te fail+ge of
Britouns, and +tat +tis were was mekill mare dangerus +tan
contrare Scottis and Pichtis, avisit sadlie with freyndis be
quhat way he mycht evaid the appering dangere. Eftir mony
consultacions he devisit first mell with Britouns, fering gif
Scottis with +tame concurrit, without grete slauchter +tai
mycht nocht be ouresett. Quharefore he movit contrare
Britons. At +te first sicht +te name of +te Romane legate was
terribill to +te confusit multitude collectit of divers~        #
regiouns;
and als +te constans of Romanis, the glance of +tare glitterand
armoure, reft fra +tame almaist baith curage and hardyment.
Bot be persuasioun and diligence of +tare chiftane, to quham
the rebellioun of Britouns was plesing, +tai war kepit in array
and cruelly ionit +te bargane quhilk +te Romanis provokit.
Cruell and hardy was +te first counter, doutsum ane quhile to
quham the victorie suld inclyne. Britouns finalie be Romanis
(stoutlie doand +tare devoure) with grete slauchter war
<P 282>
defate. Caldoure, chiftane, with vthir complicis of his         #
counsell,
haistelie fra the feild fled to Pichtland, reiosing nocht       #
litill +tat
be his industrie sa grete slauchter was maid apoun Romanis
and Britouns. Sum Britan noblis in sobir arrayment as rude
pepill, feyn+geing +tame boyndis, quhen +tai persauit Romanis
abstenit nocht fra slauchter of commons, fering +tai suld be
siclike in +tat furoure slane, ffynalie revelit +tare           #
dissymulacioun,
how +tai war grete men, quharethrow evading slauchter, +tai
war takin be Romanis. Trebellius, knawing +tare dissymulacion
and how +tai began all +tare faction, in presens of +te armye
gart draw +tame on +te gallous. This crudelite abone mesure
inflammyt Britouns contrare Romanis. On +te nycht following,
Britouns war tane downe and elike nowmer of Romanis hung
apoun +te gebatis, be quhat persouns incertane. The legate be
certane coniecturaciouns knawand danger on all part is          #
apperand,
wrate the tressoun of Britouns to +te empriour and iniuris
of Scottis and Pichtis, requiring him to provide haisty remeid
to mete +te dissate and fellony of all thir nacions             #
ffail+geing. It
mycht aventure +tat Romanis, tynyng +tare conquest in Britane
suld on force be expellit +te ile. The Emprioure Anthoun
weying in how mekill dangere +te Romane affaris war constitute
in Britan, send Partinax, ane nobill man and consul
afore, quham +te weremen mekill extemyt, and with grete
lawd extollit be +te senatouris (as Iulius Capitolinus writis)  #
to
dres~ all materis in Albion. Trebellius removing fra authorite
at his cuming, he schew him meik, sobir and humane to +te
pepill. Ffirst to Lucius, king, he was acceptabill, danting +te
rebellioun of Britouns mare be benevolence +tan violence
slaying sum parte conspiratouris of litill estimacioun, be
iugement of euery persoun deserving weill +te dede; syne
assale+geing Scottis and Pichtis with mekill slauchter, draif
+tame be+gond +te grete dike to remane, persewand +tame na
ferder. He was contirmandit [^SIC^] to Rome be +te senatouris,  #
and
eftir +te Empriour Commodus be familiare tresoun murdrist,
he was coactit to accept +te impire, quhilk to him wilfully was
offerit. Sua Trebellius creat legate of newe in Britan,         #
Partinax
to Rome returnit.

<P 283>
[}HOW TO DANT THE MOCIOUN OF INSULANIS, ARGAD WITH
ANE ARMYE WAS DIRECTIT; HOW HE WAS SLANE AND TO
QUHAT POYNT OF MISERIE INSULANIS +TAREFORE WAR BROCHT;
HOW KING ETHOD INSTITUTE LAWIS OF HUNTING; HOW BE
ANE MENSTRALE HE WAS SLANE. CAP=O= VIJ=O=}]

Quhill thir actis war in doing, Ethod, king of Scottis, had
trubill in his realme. Insulanis hevily weyand +te slauchter
of +tare freyndis be Argade, as afore is remembrit, with stark
power invadit Argathele, cruelly dispule+geing +te cuntre,
sparing nane estate, man na woman, bot indefferentlie vsing
cruelte apoun +te pepill. To stanche +tis trubill, Argade with
power was send in Argathele. The king with ane army taryit
nere the grete dike, reddy to resist gif inemyis wald           #
assale+ge.
Insulanis knawing +te cuming of Argade, occurrit in his meting.
Ane litill afore +tis tyme ij=m= Ireland men war arrivit in     #
Argathele
to forray +te cuntre. Thir Iberniens~, to fortify the Insulans
contrare Argade, hid +tame amang thik rammell and buskis
in buschment, and how sone Argade with his folkis war passit,
haistelie +te buschment with terribill schoutis invadit         #
Scottis.
Argade, persaving him invironit in front and at the bak be
inemyis, changeing all fere and raddoure in ire, walkynnit
the curage of his folkis to +te bargane on nede to be sustenit,
sen he mycht nocht deliuer +tame fra inemyis on all partis
assale+geing. Quhen amang +tame inclusit he mycht na langer
sustene the force of +tat sare bargane, nocht without strang
fechting he was ouresett and slane, and with him to +te nowmer
of ij=m= Scottis. The remanent affrayit and skalit, be flicht
salfit +tare livis. Tythingis of +tis infortunate batell movit
+te king abone mesure contrare Insulanis, and schortlie chesing
ane armye of xx=m= throw all +te realme, with lauborios~        #
iornais
he passit in Argathele to dant +tare rebellioun. Be vehement
stormys of seyis Insulanis, impeschit of +tare passage, war
contrynit tary his cuming. The king, providing the weill of
his folkis, be licht iupertyis and wisdome mare than force did
grete skaith to inemyis. Ffinalie be oportunite of tyme and
place, knawing how Insulanis within ane forest war hid, he
<P 284>
parkit the samyn with fowsyis, and schortlie brocht +tame to
sa scharp poynt +tat eftir victualis consumyt, be branschis and
chattis of treis, herbis and rutis certane tyme +tai sustenit   #
+te
miserabill life. At last ouresett be hunger, with difficulte    #
+tai
impetrate at +te king he wald pleis~ gif eris to +te messagere,
quham +tai war to direct; at quhais cuming the king grantit
pece, be condicioun +tat +te chiftane and vtheris ij=c= quham   #
he
wald cheis~, suld be deliuerit to punycioun as +te counsell     #
wald
devise; the remanent denwde of wapynnys and armoure suld
departe salflie to +te Ilis. To +te multitude afflictit be      #
extreme
penurite, thir condiciouns war plesing, and haistelie ij=c= war
deliuerit cheif of +te rebellioun with the principale chiftane,
and at command of +te king and counsale war all put to dede.
The Insulanis, hevily weyand sic crudelite, furiouslie (becaus
+tai wantit wapynnys and armoure) warpit stanis as men in
rage apoun +te oist, quhilk weill anarmyt eschewit +te stanys,
and slew of Insulanis grete nowmer. The residew evading,
fled to +te montanis. Ffra thyne the brule+geis of Insulanis
pecifyit and Romanis with difficulte at fidelite conserving
Britons, certane +geris Scotland was mare peciabill, without
were amang +tame or be inemyis. During this tranquillite
the king vesijt all +te regiouns in Scotland and constitute
officiaris and iugis to gyde +te cuntre be equite and iustice.
And +tat in his age he suld nocht grow dolf be idilnes he gaif
his studye to hunting, as +te rite is of oure cuntre, and as in
barneage he was exercit, diligentlie providing +tat na thing
concernyng sic gammyn vsit be antecessouris suld be omittit.
He decretit +tat be nettis, girnys or vthir sic thingis, nane   #
fra
thyne furth suld tak ane hare nor +git with staff, schot of     #
arrow
or vthir instrument, vnwerly sla hir in hir sete; and gif scho
evadit the houndis throw spede or war wery forrvn, scho suld
nocht be ceirsit ferder to be slane, sen +te hare is euer in    #
continuall
raddoure, scho rynnys ithandlie and may sone be slane
be sic wayis; alsua +tat na stalkaris suld sla ane hart be      #
schot
nor hound ane baggit hynde, bot abstene fra +tare persute
all +te wynter and grete parte of vere, sa lang as depe snaw
coveris +te erde, quhen on force be penurite and hungir +tai
mon draw fra forestis and montanis; and +tat +te hynde calf
<P 285>
and fowne suld euer be salf fra +te huntaris. Thir actis the
king causit be obseruit, detesting na thing mare +tan be sic
murthure to defraude him and men of gude of sic plesand
solace. Quhen he vakit fra hunting he gafe him to vthir
honest plesouris as +te tyme requirit, and luffit weill honest
musicianis and plesing singaris, specially schawmaris and
trumpettis. Bot finalie be tresoun of ane menstrale of +te
Ilis, his secrete cubiculare, he was murdrist on +te nycht. The
wachis, hering +te schout in +te kingis chawmer, comprehendit
the tratoure, and accusing him of +te kingis slauchter, how
beit he gaif to him credit of his liffe. Quharefore suppois~ he
was comptit amang +te kingis traist familiaris afore, he        #
behuffit
now like ane tresonabill inemye be pynyt with exquisite
tormentis, in exempill till vtheris, how wikkit cryme is to
pollute +tare handis in +te sacrate blude of +te king. To +tis
ansuerit +te menstraill: "The king be extreme rigoure in
Argathele distroyit grete parte of my freyndis, and now be
vengeance +tareof I haue satifyit my furios~ mynde, as I        #
devisit
mony dayis before. Be this folie interprise I haue now swageit
+te vehement affectioun quhilk sa hevilie troublit my mynde.
I am satifyit and in my mynde the vehement desire of vengeance
is mytigate. I covate nocht to lif. Wirk on me +goure
plesure with all crudelite and tormentis. My mynde is now
als constant to sustene +te dede, as it was afore to murdris~
+goure king. I sall nocht be sa sare torment, bot in +te        #
extreme
poynt of dede I sall reiose +tat I haue revengit the iniuris
done be +tat wikkit king to my freyndis and kynnys~men."
Quhen sic wourdis war said, at command of +te barouns his fete
war knyt to sindry hors~ quhilk, drevin in contrare partis,     #
raif
his body in pecis. Eftir Ethod tuke +te crowne he regnit
xxxiij +geris. His corps with princelie pompe (as was +te       #
maner)
was beryit in +te feild of Evon. His regnne durit to the tyme
of Septimius Seuerus, Romane empriour. Mony nobill men,
excellent in vertewe and cunnyng, war liffand quhen Ethod
brukit +te crowne: Galen medicinare, decoring +te werkis of
Hippocrace, of grete fame in his dayis bot mekill mare famous
to +te posterite. In oure tyme diuers~ bukis of medicine ar
sene be him intitulit. Apollyne +te famous oratoure, quhilk
<P 286>
becaus in commendacioun of +te name of Cryst he made ane,
plesand harrang, was crownit be marthirdome, ffor sic thingis
amang Gentilis was na les~ pane na dede. The bischop Dionise,
of Corrinthie native, quhilk wrate mony thingis to +te vse of
oure faith, with diuers~ v+tir nobill men. The Catholic faith
and name of Criste was mekill augmentit and spred, +te samyn
tyme Cristianis in all partis having rest and pece. In sindri
regiouns and provincis mony detesting +te errour of Gentilis,
war to +te trew faith convertit. This tyme Eleuther, +te xiiij
fra Sanct Petir, occupijt the sege of Rome. With him +te
king of Britouns, Lucius, was contemporane (as before is said),
quhilk, certifijt be Romanis in ordinance with Trebellius and
Partinax legatis, of +te mirakillis and godlynes of Cristianis,
optenit be writingis fra +te Pape +tat with his folkis he mycht
be ascrivit to +tare nowmer. The Pape directit in Scotland
twa haly men, Ffugace and Damyane, quhilk baptist +te king
his houshald and +te maist parte of his realme. Sua eftir
ydolatry and sacrifice to devillis war removit, the faith of
Criste was inducit amang Britouns in +te +gere of oure          #
Redempcioun,
as +te cronikillis rememberis, j=c=lxxxvij.



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