^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 144+TEXT+F01_FO **]_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Personality_NP1 tests_NN2 are_VBR widely_RR used_VVN 
in_II managerial_JJ selection_NN1 in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB are_VBR they_PPHS2 an_AT1 accurate_JJ measure_NN1 of_IO 
how_RRQ a_AT1 candidate_NN1 will_VM perform_VVI on_II a_AT1 job_NN1 ?_? 

^ ^_NULL *4_NULL Mike_NP1 Smith_NP1 *0_NULL and_CC *4_NULL Dave_NP1 George_NP1 
,_, *0_NULL of_IO the_AT Psychology_NN1 Department_NNJ ,_, Massey_NP1 
University_NNL1 ,_, critically_RR evaluate_VV0 such_DA tests_NN2 and_CC 
come_VV0 up_RP with_IW some_DD disturbing_JJ conclusions_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL The_AT popularity_NN1 of_IO personality_NN1 tests_NN2 
is_VBZ not_XX too_RG difficult_JJ to_TO understand_VVI ._. 

^ ^_NULL Many_DA2 managers_NN2 believe_VV0 that_DD1 certain_JJ personal_JJ 
qualities_NN2 are_VBR needed_VVN to_TO perform_VVI managerial_JJ jobs_NN2 
effectively_RR ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Personality_NP1 tests_NN2 look_VV0 their_APPGE part_NN1 and_CC 
appear_VV0 superficially_RR to_TO do_VDI the_AT job_NN1 well_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB there_EX is_VBZ no_AT evidence_NN1 that_CST they_PPHS2 can_VM 
consistently_RR predict_VVI future_JJ job_NN1 performance_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Unsophisticated_JJ test_NN1 users_NN2 tend_VV0 to_TO take_VVI 
the_AT results_NN2 of_IO tests_NN2 too_RG literally_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 are_VBR often_RR impressed_VVN by_II the_AT way_NN1 
tests_NN2 assign_VV0 numbers_NN2 to_II people_NN in_II an_AT1 *"_" 
objective_JJ **"_" way_NN1 ,_, and_CC can_VM place_VVI undue_JJ emphasis_NN1 
on_II minor_JJ variations_NN2 in_II scores_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL According_II21 to_II22 a_AT1 survey_NN1 conducted_VVN by_II 
Beryl_NP1 Hesketh_NP1 for_IF the_AT Institute_NNJ of_IO Personnel_NNJ 
Management_NN in_II 1974_MC the_AT most_RGT popular_JJ test_NN1 used_VVN by_II 
management_NN is_VBZ the_AT 16_MC {_NULL PF_NP }_NULL personality_NN1 
questionnaire_NN1 designed_VVD originally_RR by_II Cattell_NP1 and_CC 
his_APPGE colleagues_NN2 in_II the_AT {_NULL USA_NP }_NULL in_II the_AT 
late_JJ 1940s_MC2 and_CC early_JJ 1950s_MC2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 do_VD0 not_XX doubt_VVI from_II our_APPGE experiences_NN2 
of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 industry_NN1 that_CST the_AT situation_NN1 is_VBZ 
any_DD different_JJ today_RT ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT test_NN1 appears_VVZ to_TO be_VBI used_VVN by_II a_AT1 
large_JJ number_NN1 of_IO organisations_NN2 *-_- perhaps_RR unwittingly_RR 
if_CS they_PPHS2 use_VV0 management_NN consultants_NN2 for_IF hiring_VVG 
and_CC are_VBR unaware_JJ of_IO the_AT procedures_NN2 used_VVN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT test_NN1 comes_VVZ in_II a_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO 
forms_NN2 each_DD1 of_IO which_DDQ contain_VV0 up_RG21 to_RG22 187_MC 
questions_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT test_NN1 's_VBZ aim_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO ensure_VVI the_AT 
selection_NN1 of_IO the_AT ideal_JJ candidate_NN1 for_IF any_DD particular_JJ 
position_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT 16_MC {_NULL PF_NP }_NULL test_VV0 has_VHZ been_VBN 
administered_VVN to_II large_JJ numbers_NN2 of_IO people_NN in_II America_NP1 
,_, Canada_NP1 and_CC the_AT United_NP Kingdom_NP1 and_CC provided_VVN in_II 
the_AT extensive_JJ test_NN1 manual_NN1 are_VBR comparative_JJ profiles_NN2 
for_IF different_JJ occupational_JJ groups_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II this_DD1 country_NN1 we_PPIS2 often_RR talk_VV0 about_II 
things_NN2 being_VBG suited_VVN to_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 conditions_NN2 
but_CCB it_PPH1 would_VM seem_VVI that_CST many_DA2 people_NN in_II 
industry_NN1 are_VBR not_XX too_RG concerned_JJ about_II foreign_JJ tests_NN2 
and_CC their_APPGE relevance_NN1 to_II this_DD1 country_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT 16_MC {_NULL PF_NP }_NULL has_VHZ been_VBN criticised_VVN 
by_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 psychologists_NN2 because_CS the_AT personality_NN1 
dimensions_NN2 that_CST it_PPH1 measures_NN2 have_VH0 not_XX been_VBN 
confirmed_VVN in_II this_DD1 country_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL But_CCB the_AT appeal_NN1 of_IO the_AT 16_MC {_NULL PF_NP 
}_NULL continues_VVZ today_RT unabated_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Users_NN2 pay_VV0 little_JJ attention_NN1 to_II either_DD1 the_AT 
accuracy_NN1 of_IO the_AT test_NN1 in_II predicting_VVG future_JJ job_NN1 
performance_NN1 or_CC the_AT dimensions_NN2 which_DDQ it_PPH1 seeks_VVZ to_TO 
measure_VVI ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT test_NN1 's_VBZ popularity_NN1 is_VBZ partly_RR 
due_II21 to_II22 its_APPGE use_NN1 by_II management_NN consultants_NN2 
who_PNQS require_VV0 a_AT1 general_JJ test_NN1 which_DDQ they_PPHS2 can_VM 
apply_VVI to_II a_AT1 wide_JJ range_NN1 of_IO jobs_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 has_VHZ been_VBN made_VVN even_RR more_RRR appealing_VVG 
by_II its_APPGE creators_NN2 '_GE introducing_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 shortened_JJ 
version_NN1 of_IO the_AT test_NN1 for_IF industrial_JJ use_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT designers_NN2 appear_VV0 to_TO have_VHI succumbed_VVN to_II 
pressure_NN1 from_II those_DD2 who_PNQS want_VV0 a_AT1 quick_JJ and_CC easy_JJ 
way_NN1 of_IO measuring_VVG personality_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT truth_NN1 is_VBZ no_AT quick_JJ and_CC easy_JJ way_NN1 of_IO 
measuring_VVG personality_NN1 has_VHZ shown_VVN itself_PPX1 to_TO be_VBI 
consistently_RR predictive_JJ of_IO work-related_JJ success_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Criticisms_NN2 of_IO personality_NN1 tests_NN2 for_IF 
personnel_NN2 selection_NN1 do_VD0 not_XX rest_VVI on_II the_AT 16_MC {_NULL 
PF_NP }_NULL alone_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT problems_NN2 of_IO deception_NN1 when_RRQ the_AT 
questionnaires_NN2 are_VBR used_VVN are_VBR recognised_VVN by_II the_AT 
necessity_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 lie_NN1 scale_NN1 on_II some_DD tests_NN2 and_CC 
a_AT1 sabotage_NN1 index_NN1 for_IF the_AT 16_MC {_NULL PF_NP }_NULL ._. 

^ ^_NULL A_AT1 method_NN1 for_IF detecting_VVG random_JJ and_CC careless_JJ 
responses_NN2 on_II such_DA tests_NN2 has_VHZ even_RR been_VBN proposed_VVN 
._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL An_AT1 example_NN1 of_IO how_RRQ applicants_NN2 for_IF a_AT1 
job_NN1 can_VM unwittingly_RR *-_- or_CC even_RR deliberately_RR *-_- 
deceive_VV0 their_APPGE employers_NN2 is_VBZ shown_VVN by_II an_AT1 
experiment_NN1 in_II which_DDQ we_PPIS2 asked_VVD students_NN2 to_TO 
complete_VVI a_AT1 personality_NN1 questionnaire_NN1 on_II two_MC separate_JJ 
occasions_NN2 for_IF two_MC distinct_JJ jobs_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL One_PN1 was_VBDZ as_II a_AT1 vacuum_NN1 cleaner_JJR salesperson_NN1 
and_CC the_AT other_JJ an_AT1 assistant_NN1 to_II an_AT1 anglican_NN1 
bishop_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Students_NN2 '_GE responses_NN2 and_CC profiles_NN2 varied_VVD 
significantly_RR ,_, demonstrating_VVG how_RRQ candidates_NN2 give_VV0 the_AT 
answers_NN2 they_PPHS2 think_VV0 employers_NN2 want_VV0 to_TO hear_VVI ._. 

^ ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ no_AT reason_NN1 to_TO believe_VVI that_CST 
applicants_NN2 do_VD0 n't_XX behave_VVI in_II a_AT1 similar_JJ way_NN1 when_CS 
going_VVG for_IF real_JJ jobs_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II fact_NN1 the_AT likelihood_NN1 is_VBZ that_CST they_PPHS2 
do_VD0 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL William_NP1 Whyte_NP1 in_II his_APPGE classic_JJ book_NN1 
the_AT Organisation_NNJ Man_NN1 describes_VVZ how_RRQ to_TO cheat_VVI on_II 
personality_NN1 tests_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 recognised_VVD a_AT1 long_JJ time_NNT1 ago_RA the_AT 
problems_NN2 of_IO the_AT instruments_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT advice_NN1 consists_VVZ of_IO making_VVG sure_JJ that_CST 
for_IF the_AT personality_NN1 dimension_NN1 measured_VVD that_CST you_PPY 
do_VD0 not_XX appear_VVI to_TO be_VBI *"_" too_RG odd_JJ **"_" ._. 

^ *"_" ^_NULL Try_VV0 to_TO give_VVI average_JJ responses_NN2 for_IF most_DAT 
of_IO the_AT questions_NN2 so_CS21 that_CS22 your_APPGE final_JJ profile_NN1 
does_VDZ not_XX appear_VVI too_RG strange_JJ ,_, **"_" was_VBDZ Whyte_NP1 
's_GE advice_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ usually_RR possible_JJ to_TO work_VVI out_RP for_IF 
most_DAT items_NN2 what_DDQ is_VBZ a_AT1 good_JJ answer_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Occupational_JJ psychologists_NN2 have_VH0 developed_VVN 
better_JJR methods_NN2 of_IO predicting_VVG job_NN1 success_NN1 ,_, 
including_II work_NN1 samples_NN2 like_II the_AT *"_" in_II Basket_NN1 
test_NN1 ._. **"_" 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB managers_NN2 often_RR appear_VV0 to_TO prefer_VVI 
simplicity_NN1 rather_II21 than_II22 taking_VVG selection_NN1 seriously_RR 
or_CC investigating_VVG alternatives_NN2 to_II some_DD of_IO the_AT 
inadequate_JJ methods_NN2 they_PPHS2 use_VV0 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Accurate_JJ personality_NN1 tests_NN2 would_VM be_VBI 
invaluable_JJ in_II personnel_NN2 selection_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB even_CS21 if_CS22 reliable_JJ and_CC valid_JJ personality_NN1 
assessment_NN1 techniques_NN2 were_VBDR found_VVN they_PPHS2 would_VM be_VBI 
competing_VVG with_IW the_AT rather_RG poor_JJ tests_NN2 presently_RR 
being_VBG used_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL Therefore_RR ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ doubtful_JJ whether_CSW formal_JJ 
personality_NN1 assessment_NN1 should_VM ever_RR be_VBI preferred_VVN over_II 
selection_NN1 methods_NN2 based_VVN on_II the_AT job_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ not_XX illegal_JJ to_TO be_VBI stupid_JJ 
about_II the_AT way_NN1 you_PPY go_VV0 about_II selection_NN1 in_II New_NP 
Zealand_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL And_CC it_PPH1 would_VM appear_VVI that_CST at_II the_AT present_JJ 
time_NNT1 you_PPY do_VD0 n't_XX really_RR have_VHI to_TO be_VBI sensible_JJ 
either_RR about_II how_RGQ well_RR your_APPGE selection_NN1 procedure_NN1 
predicts_VVZ future_JJ behaviour_NN1 ,_, if_CS indeed_RR that_DD1 is_VBZ 
what_DDQ you_PPY are_VBR expecting_VVG it_PPH1 to_TO do_VDI ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL We_PPIS2 believe_VV0 it_PPH1 is_VBZ stupid_JJ to_TO use_VVI 
personality_NN1 tests_NN2 ,_, but_CCB at_RR21 present_RR22 the_AT law_NN1 
does_VDZ not_XX legislate_VVI against_II stupidity_NN1 since_CS it_PPH1 is_VBZ 
not_XX proven_VVN that_CST the_AT tests_NN2 are_VBR discriminatory_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Personality_NP1 tests_NN2 do_VD0 usually_RR have_VHI a_AT1 white_JJ 
American_JJ middle-class_JJ bias_NN1 ,_, however_RR ,_, and_CC do_VD0 not_XX 
consider_VVI the_AT multicultural_JJ aspects_NN2 of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 
society_NN ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 may_VM not_XX be_VBI long_JJ before_CS there_EX are_VBR 
demands_NN2 to_TO do_VDI something_PN1 about_II this_DD1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 believe_VV0 New_NP Zealand_NP1 companies_NN2 should_VM 
act_VVI ._. 

^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Creative_JJ Problem_NN1 Solving_VVG *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT effective_JJ solving_NN1 of_IO business_NN1 
problems_NN2 is_VBZ often_RR hampered_VVN by_II a_AT1 rigid_JJ approach_NN1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT real_JJ problem_NN1 may_VM be_VBI the_AT way_NN1 the_AT 
ostensible_JJ problem_NN1 is_VBZ viewed_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL Then_RT there_EX are_VBR cases_NN2 where_RRQ managers_NN2 know_VV0 
there_RL is_VBZ a_AT1 problem_NN1 but_CCB ca_VM n't_XX define_VVI it_PPH1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Creative_JJ problem_NN1 solving_VVG techniques_NN2 can_VM help_VVI 
._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT second_MD of_IO two_MC articles_NN2 ,_, *4_NULL Owen_NP1 
Dennis_NP1 *0_NULL outlines_VVZ a_AT1 five_MC step_NN1 process_NN1 to_TO 
isolate_VVI and_CC solve_VVI practical_JJ business_NN1 problems_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Dennis_NP1 has_VHZ conducted_VVN a_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO creative_JJ 
problem_NN1 solving_VVG courses_NN2 for_IF companies_NN2 and_CC the_AT 
Canterbury_NP1 division_NNJ of_IO {_NULL NZIM_NN1 }_NULL ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL Alistair_NP1 Young_NP1 ,_, managing_JJ director_NN1 
of_IO Spiraloc_NP1 Tubing_NN1 had_VHD a_AT1 problem_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL For_IF some_DD time_NNT1 ,_, Alistair_NP1 had_VHD been_VBN trying_VVG 
to_TO develop_VVI a_AT1 quick_JJ ,_, efficient_JJ way_NN1 of_IO bending_VVG 
metal_NN1 flue_NN1 tubes_NN2 ,_, instead_CC21 of_CC22 the_AT old_JJ cut_NN1 
and_CC weld_NN1 method_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL While_CS on_II holiday_NN1 in_II Fiji_NP1 ,_, sipping_VVG 
an_AT1 iced_JJ drink_NN1 at_II the_AT hotel_NN1 poolside_NN1 ,_, he_PPHS1 
observed_VVD that_CST the_AT drinking_NN1 straw_NN1 had_VHD a_AT1 flexible_JJ 
joint_NN1 ,_, making_VVG it_PPH1 easy_JJ to_TO bend_VVI ._. 

^ ^_NULL After_II returning_VVG to_II Christchurch_NP1 ,_, he_PPHS1 
designed_VVD a_AT1 machine_NN1 to_TO produce_VVI a_AT1 bend_NN1 in_II a_AT1 
tube_NN1 using_VVG the_AT flexible_JJ straw_NN1 principle_NN1 ,_, and_CC 
the_AT Spiraloc_NP1 tube_NN1 problem_NN1 was_VBDZ solved_VVN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT flue_NN1 bending_VVG problem_NN1 was_VBDZ presented_VVN 
as_II an_AT1 exercise_NN1 during_II a_AT1 creative_JJ thinking_JJ course_NN1 
in_II Christchurch_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Using_VVG problem-solving_JJ techniques_NN2 developed_VVN by_II 
the_AT Creative_JJ Education_NN1 Foundation_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 similar_JJ 
solution_NN1 was_VBDZ reached_VVN in_II 35_MC minutes_NNT2 ,_, by_II 
comparing_VVG the_AT bending_NN1 of_IO the_AT metal_NN1 tube_NN1 to_II the_AT 
opening_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 piano_NN1 accordion_NN1 bellows_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Women_NN2 in_II the_AT group_NN had_VHD earlier_RRR suggested_VVN 
the_AT hooped_JJ effect_NN1 resulting_VVG from_II starched_JJ Victorian_JJ 
type_NN1 underskirts_NN2 ,_, and_CC this_DD1 triggered_VVD off_II the_AT 
relationship_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 piano_NN1 accordion_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Creative_JJ problem-solving_JJ techniques_NN2 are_VBR best_JJT 
applied_JJ to_II unstructured_JJ or_CC open_JJ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL 
-ended_JJ problems_NN2 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 how_RRQ to_TO create_VVI a_AT1 
new_JJ product_NN1 or_CC improve_VV0 a_AT1 manufacturing_JJ process_NN1 or_CC 
increase_NN1 sales_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II contrast_NN1 ,_, the_AT selection_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 car_NN1 ,_, 
for_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, would_VM be_VBI a_AT1 structured_JJ problem_NN1 
,_, requiring_VVG relatively_RR routine_JJ ,_, analytical_JJ thinking_VVG 
on_II function_NN1 ,_, price_NN1 and_CC reliability_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT creative_JJ problem_NN1 solving_VVG process_NN1 
starts_VVZ at_II the_AT *4_NULL fuzzy_JJ mess_NN1 *0_NULL stage_NN1 ,_, 
where_CS there_EX is_VBZ an_AT1 awareness_NN1 that_CST a_AT1 problem_NN1 
exists_VVZ ,_, but_CCB no_AT certainty_NN1 as_II21 to_II22 what_DDQ it_PPH1 
is_VBZ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Use_NN1 the_AT five_MC step_VV0 creative_JJ problem_NN1 solving_VVG 
process_NN1 ,_, developed_VVN by_II the_AT Creative_JJ Education_NN1 
Foundation_NN1 ,_, to_TO solve_VVI your_APPGE problems_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Use_NN1 the_AT process_NN1 as_II a_AT1 guide_NN1 ,_, not_XX a_AT1 
formula_NN1 ._. 

^ *<_NULL *4_NULL 1_MC1 ._. 

^ Fact_NN1 finding_VVG *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL List_NN1 all_DB the_AT facts_NN2 you_PPY know_VV0 
or_CC need_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT more_DAR facts_NN2 fed_VVD into_II the_AT imagination_NN1 ,_, 
the_AT easier_JJR it_PPH1 is_VBZ to_TO generate_VVI ideas_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Ask_VV0 :_: Who_NP1 ,_, What_DDQ ,_, Where_CS ,_, When_CS ,_, 
Why_RRQ ,_, How_RRQ ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL Problem_NN1 :_: ^_NULL *0_NULL Macpac_NP1 
Wilderness_NN1 Equipment_NN1 wanted_VVD to_TO increase_VVI the_AT warmth_NN1 
of_IO its_APPGE Macpac_NP1 sleeping_NN1 bags_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Initial_JJ fact_NN1 finding_NN1 concentrated_VVD on_II size_NN1 ,_, 
weight_NN1 and_CC materials_NN2 ,_, but_CCB was_VBDZ widened_VVN to_TO 
include_VVI factors_NN2 causing_VVG heat_NN1 loss_NN1 from_II the_AT body_NN1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL Manager_NN1 Bruce_NP1 McIntyre_NP1 commented_VVD that_CST this_DD1 
widening_NN1 shifted_VVD thinking_VVG away_II21 from_II22 sleeping_NN1 bag_NN1 
construction_NN1 to_II looking_VVG at_II generating_VVG heat_NN1 from_II 
some_DD alternative_JJ source_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT project_NN1 is_VBZ still_RR current_JJ ,_, so_RR watch_VV0 
out_RP for_IF the_AT sleeping_NN1 bag_NN1 with_IW the_AT built_VVN in_II 
electric_JJ blanket_NN1 !_! 

^ *<_NULL *4_NULL 2_MC ._. 

^ Problem_NN1 finding_VVG *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Begin_NP1 with_IW a_AT1 wide_JJ ,_, broad_JJ 
statement_NN1 ;_; ask_VV0 *"_" why_RRQ ?_? **"_" ;_; frame_NN1 the_AT 
answer_NN1 *"_" because_CS ..._... **"_" ;_; and_CC then_RT ask_VV0 *"_" 
^_NULL In_II what_DDQ ways_NN2 might_VM I_PPIS1 ..._... ?_? **"_" ,_, until_CS 
you_PPY have_VH0 a_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO restatements_NN2 or_CC 
sub-problems_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL From_II these_DD2 ,_, select_VV0 the_AT one_PN1 which_DDQ you_PPY 
consider_VV0 most_RGT applicable_JJ to_II the_AT problem_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL Problem_NN1 :_: ^_NULL *0_NULL A_AT1 cafeteria_NN1 
supervisor_NN1 wondered_VVD what_DDQ new_JJ approach_NN1 she_PPHS1 could_VM 
take_VVI when_CS telling_VVG an_AT1 employee_NN1 her_APPGE services_NN2 
were_VBDR no_RR21 longer_RR22 needed_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL Fact_NN1 finding_NN1 revealed_VVD that_DD1 staff_NN were_VBDR not_XX 
using_VVG the_AT cafeteria_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Problem_NN1 redefined_VVD :_: how_RRQ can_VM staff_VVI be_VBI 
encouraged_VVN to_TO use_VVI the_AT cafeteria_NN1 ?_? 

^ ^_NULL A_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO ideas_NN2 were_VBDR generated_VVN ,_, and_CC 
so_CS the_AT staff_NN member_NN1 kept_VVD her_APPGE job_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL Problem_NN1 :_: ^_NULL *0_NULL Preventing_NP1 
sparks_VVZ from_II motor-mowers_NN2 setting_VVG fire_NN1 to_II grass_NN1 
surrounding_VVG the_AT Malaysian_JJ National_JJ Oil_NN1 Company_NNJ 's_GE 
oil_NN1 tanks_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Redefined_JJ ,_, the_AT problem_NN1 became_VVD :_: how_RRQ to_TO 
keep_VVI the_AT grass_NN1 short_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Solution_NN1 :_: graze_NN1 sheep_NN ._. 

^ ^_NULL There_EX were_VBDR a_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO limitations_NN2 on_II 
the_AT problem_NN1 ,_, preventing_VVG the_AT use_NN1 of_IO more_RGR 
permanent_JJ material_NN1 being_VBG used_VVN as_II tank_NN1 surrounds_NN2 ._. 

^ *<_NULL *4_NULL 3_MC ._. 

^ Idea_NN1 finding_VVG *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL David_NP1 Ogilvy_NP1 set_VVD out_RP his_APPGE 
recipe_NN1 for_IF idea_NN1 finding_VVG in_II *1_NULL Confessions_NN2 of_IO 
an_AT1 Advertising_NN1 Man_NN1 :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL 
*0_NULL For_IF those_DD2 who_PNQS do_VD0 not_XX have_VHI time_NNT1 for_RR21 
long_RR22 hot_JJ baths_NN2 or_CC walks_VVZ in_II the_AT country_NN1 ,_, the_AT 
following_JJ techniques_NN2 have_VH0 proved_VVN most_RGT successful_JJ in_II 
idea_NN1 finding_VVG ._. 

^ ^_NULL While_CS using_VVG these_DD2 techniques_NN2 ,_, observe_VV0 the_AT 
basic_JJ rule_NN1 of_IO idea_NN1 finding_VVG :_: *4_NULL think_NN1 first_MD 
*0_NULL and_CC *4_NULL judge_VV0 later_RRR ._. 

^ ^_NULL *0_NULL Write_VV0 down_RP all_DB and_CC any_DD ideas_NN2 that_CST 
come_VV0 into_II your_APPGE mind_NN1 no_RRQV31 matter_RRQV32 how_RRQV33 
unconnected_JJ with_IW your_APPGE problem_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL One_MC1 idea_NN1 may_VM trigger_VVI another_DD1 which_DDQ may_VM 
prove_VVI to_TO be_VBI the_AT solution_NN1 to_II your_APPGE problem_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Some_DD of_IO the_AT techniques_NN2 are_VBR :_: |_NULL *?_NULL 31_MC 
^_NULL *4_NULL Random_JJ word_NN1 selection_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL *0_NULL Open_JJ a_AT1 dictionary_NN1 ,_, choose_VV0 one_MC1 word_NN1 
which_DDQ has_VHZ no_AT logical_JJ relationship_NN1 to_II your_APPGE 
problem_NN1 ,_, and_CC use_VV0 it_PPH1 as_II a_AT1 trigger_NN1 for_IF 
ideas_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL Problem_NN1 :_: ^_NULL *0_NULL Improvements_NN2 
needed_VVD to_TO staff_VVI cafeteria_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT word_NN1 *"_" pocket_NN1 **"_" was_VBDZ chosen_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 led_VVN from_II pocket_NN1 Oxford_NP1 dictionary_NN1 to_II 
books_NN2 and_CC magazines_NN2 being_VBG made_VVN available_JJ ;_; pocket_NN1 
handkerchiefs_NN2 to_TO scatter_VVI rugs_NN2 ;_; pocket_NN1 battleships_NN2 
to_II water_NN1 to_II tropical_JJ fish_NN tanks_NN2 ;_; top_JJ pocket_NN1 
to_II button-holes_NN2 to_II floral_JJ decorations_NN2 ;_; air_NN1 pockets_NN2 
to_II air_NN1 conditioning_NN1 and_CC separate_JJ areas_NN2 for_IF smokers_NN2 
and_CC non-smokers_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 group_NN exercise_NN1 ,_, and_CC 
volunteers_NN2 were_VBDR asked_VVN to_TO empty_VVI their_APPGE pockets_NN2 
and_CC the_AT contents_NN2 stimulated_VVD further_JJR ideas_NN2 *-_- coins_NN2 
led_VVN to_II video_JJ games_NN2 ,_, rebates_VVZ on_II purchases_NN2 and_CC 
lower_JJR prices_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL While_CS conventional_JJ thinking_NN1 could_VM have_VHI 
produced_VVN these_DD2 ideas_NN2 ,_, a_AT1 fun_JJ atmosphere_NN1 is_VBZ 
created_VVN ,_, serving_VVG to_TO loosen_VVI minds_NN2 for_IF further_JJR 
problem_NN1 solving_VVG activities_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL At_II a_AT1 recent_JJ creative_JJ thinking_JJ session_NNT1 
on_II product_NN1 development_NN1 ,_, the_AT word_NN1 *"_" martello_NN1 **"_" 
was_VBDZ selected_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL No_PN121 one_PN122 had_VHD heard_VVN of_IO the_AT word_NN1 before_CS 
,_, the_AT meaning_NN1 was_VBDZ read_VVN ,_, and_CC in_II a_AT1 10-minute_JJ 
session_NNT1 an_AT1 idea_NN1 emerged_VVD which_DDQ is_VBZ being_VBG 
evaluated_VVN for_IF its_APPGE commercial_JJ potential_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL *?_NULL 31_MC ^_NULL *4_NULL Association_NNJ of_IO ideas_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL *0_NULL This_DD1 gears_VVZ imagination_NN1 to_II memory_NN1 and_CC 
causes_VVZ one_PN1 thought_VVD to_TO lead_VVI to_II another_DD1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL Problem_NN1 :_: ^_NULL *0_NULL Publicise_NP \_NULL 
St_NNL1 Anne_NP1 's_GE Church_NNJ fair_NN1 in_II Christchurch_NP1 with_IW 
a_AT1 zero_NN1 budget_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT convener_NN1 observed_VVD a_AT1 repairman_NN1 working_VVG 
up_RP a_AT1 telephone_NN1 pole_NN1 ,_, associated_VVD this_DD1 with_IW the_AT 
pole_NN1 sitting_VVG promotions_NN2 of_IO some_DD years_NNT2 back_RP ,_, 
and_CC persuaded_VVD the_AT vicar_NN1 to_TO sit_VVI for_IF 50_MC hours_NNT2 
on_II31 top_II32 of_II33 the_AT 15-metre_JJ high_JJ church_NN1 bell_NN1 
tower_NN1 ,_, sheltered_VVN by_II a_AT1 Skyline_NP1 shed_VVD provided_CS 
free_JJ of_IO charge_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT promotion_NN1 featured_VVD twice_RR on_II prime-time_JJ 
local_JJ television_NN1 news_NN1 ,_, in_II news_NN1 stories_NN2 in_II local_JJ 
newspapers_NN2 ,_, and_CC resulted_VVD in_II extensive_JJ radio_NN1 
coverage_NN1 and_CC great_JJ local_JJ interest_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL A_AT1 very_RG successful_JJ fair_NN1 resulted_VVD ._. 

^ |_NULL *?_NULL 31_MC ^_NULL *4_NULL Forced_JJ relationships_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL *0_NULL Force_NNJ two_MC unrelated_JJ products_NN2 or_CC concepts_NN2 
together_RL and_CC endeavour_VV0 to_TO produce_VVI a_AT1 third_MD ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL Example_NN1 :_: ^_NULL *0_NULL Participants_NN2 in_II 
creative_JJ thinking_JJ seminars_NN2 at_II {_NULL G.L._NP }_NULL Bowron_NP1 
in_II Christchurch_NP1 were_VBDR handed_VVN a_AT1 short_JJ length_NN1 of_IO 
clothesline_NN1 wire_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 sheepskin_NN1 rug_NN1 off-cut_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Products_NN2 created_VVD included_VVN a_AT1 fluffy_JJ puppy_NN1 ,_, 
a_AT1 chicken_NN1 catcher_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 sweat_NN1 band_NN1 for_IF skiers_NN2 
,_, a_AT1 toilet_NN1 seat_NN1 cover_NN1 ,_, ear_NN1 muffs_NN2 ,_, hanging_JJ 
mobiles_NN2 and_CC a_AT1 fan_NN1 ._. 

^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 145+TEXT+F02_FO **]_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL When_RRQ astronauts_NN2 sent_VVD back_RP the_AT 
first_MD pictures_NN2 of_IO what_DDQ the_AT earth_NN1 looked_VVN like_II 
from_II space_NN1 many_DA2 people_NN were_VBDR struck_VVN by_II the_AT 
limited_JJ size_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE planet_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL What_DDQ had_VHD once_RR seemed_VVN so_RG big_JJ and_CC limitless_JJ 
was_VBDZ suddenly_RR seen_VVN to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 vulnerable_JJ sphere_NN1 ,_, 
entirely_RR dependent_JJ on_II its_APPGE own_DA limited_JJ resources_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Today_RT there_EX are_VBR 4_MC 1/2_MF billion_NNO human_JJ 
passengers_NN2 on_II spaceship_NN1 earth_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT year_NNT1 2000_MC is_VBZ less_RR21 than_RR22 fifteen_MC 
years_NNT2 away_RL ,_, when_CS the_AT earth_NN1 's_VBZ population_NN1 is_VBZ 
predicted_VVN to_TO reach_VVI some_DD 6_MC 1/2_MF billion_NNO ._. 

^ ^_NULL Already_RR a_AT1 quarter_NN1 of_IO the_AT people_NN on_II earth_NN1 
are_VBR struggling_VVG just_RR to_TO stay_VVI alive_JJ and_CC the_AT 
strain_NN1 on_II the_AT earth_NN1 's_VBZ space_NN1 and_CC resources_NN2 is_VBZ 
escalating_VVG ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Pressure_NN1 for_IF land_NN1 to_TO house_VVI and_CC feed_NN1 
expanding_VVG populations_NN2 means_VVZ that_CST valuable_JJ forest_NN1 
cover_NN1 is_VBZ increasingly_RR lost_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 the_AT reduction_NN1 of_IO forests_NN2 
and_CC drainage_NN1 of_IO large_JJ areas_NN2 of_IO swamp_NN1 have_VH0 
meant_VVN that_CST there_EX has_VHZ been_VBN a_AT1 considerable_JJ loss_NN1 
of_IO habitat_NN1 for_IF many_DA2 animal_NN1 and_CC plant_NN1 species_NN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL About_II two-thirds_MF of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 was_VBDZ 
still_RR forested_VVN when_RRQ Europeans_NN2 first_MD began_VVD clearing_VVG 
the_AT land_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Since_CS the_AT arrival_NN1 of_IO those_DD2 first_MD settlers_NN2 
over_II 80%_NNU of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 's_GE natural_JJ lowland_NN1 
wetlands_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN drained_VVN or_CC filled_VVD ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Many_DA2 of_IO our_APPGE animal_NN1 and_CC plant_NN1 
species_NN are_VBR specifically_RR adapted_VVN to_II a_AT1 swamp_NN1 or_CC 
forest_NN1 habitat_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Nearly_RR a_AT1 quarter_NN1 of_IO the_AT world_NN1 's_GE 
endangered_JJ bird_NN1 species_NN are_VBR found_VVN in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL Many_DA2 of_IO these_DD2 birds_NN2 adapted_VVD over_II millions_NNO2 
of_IO years_NNT2 to_II a_AT1 distinctive_JJ forest_NN1 ecosystem_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Some_DD 10-15%_FO of_IO all_DB flowering_VVG plants_NN2 and_CC 
ferns_VVZ in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 are_VBR similarly_RR threatened_VVN 
through_II loss_NN1 of_IO habitat_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Herbivores_NP1 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 deer_NN ,_, possums_NN2 ,_, 
rabbits_NN2 and_CC goats_NN2 ,_, were_VBDR introduced_VVN to_II New_NP 
Zealand_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 had_VHD a_AT1 great_JJ impact_NN1 on_II the_AT 
indigenous_JJ flora_NN which_DDQ had_VHD evolved_VVN in_II the_AT absence_NN1 
of_IO browsing_VVG animals_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Spaceships_NN2 contain_VV0 oxygen_NN1 ,_, water_NN1 and_CC 
food_NN1 in_II measured_JJ amounts_NN2 to_TO sustain_VVI the_AT astronauts_NN2 
on_RL21 board_RL22 ._. 

^ ^_NULL On_II planet_NN1 earth_NN1 these_DD2 elements_NN2 which_DDQ 
sustain_VV0 all_DB living_JJ things_NN2 are_VBR kept_VVN in_II balance_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Wild_JJ animal_NN1 populations_NN2 can_VM not_XX be_VBI 
permanently_RR maintained_VVN at_II a_AT1 level_NN1 above_II the_AT 
carrying_NN1 capacity_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE habitat_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT availability_NN1 of_IO resources_NN2 within_II an_AT1 
animal_NN1 's_VBZ habitat_NN1 does_VDZ fluctuate_VVI from_RR41 time_RR42 
to_RR43 time_RR44 ,_, but_CCB populations_NN2 tend_VV0 to_TO remain_VVI 
fairly_RR constant_JJ over_II a_AT1 long_JJ period_NN1 of_IO time_NNT1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Human_JJ populations_NN2 have_VH0 continued_VVN to_TO rise_VVI 
as_CS21 if_CS22 the_AT carrying_NN1 capacity_NN1 of_IO the_AT planet_NN1 
has_VHZ not_XX yet_RR been_VBN reached_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL Yet_RR severe_JJ land_NN1 and_CC forest_NN1 degradation_NN1 and_CC 
widespread_JJ air_NN1 and_CC water_NN1 pollution_NN1 have_VH0 resulted_VVN ,_, 
in_II both_DB2 developing_VVG and_CC developed_JJ countries_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL People_NN everywhere_RL need_VV0 to_TO be_VBI educated_VVN 
towards_II a_AT1 sustained_JJ lifestyle_NN1 ,_, so_CS21 that_CS22 each_DD1 
person_NN1 can_VM gain_VVI a_AT1 livelihood_NN1 from_II the_AT earth_NN1 
without_IW undermining_VVG the_AT earth_NN1 's_VBZ capacity_NN1 to_TO 
support_VVI life_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Likewise_NP1 ,_, conservation_NN1 education_NN1 needs_VVZ to_TO 
be_VBI based_VVN on_II the_AT premise_NN1 that_CST all_DB natural_JJ 
resources_NN2 are_VBR interdependent_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 would_VM be_VBI futile_JJ to_TO study_VVI water_NN1 
quality_NN1 without_IW taking_VVG into_II consideration_NN1 the_AT impact_NN1 
on_II water_NN1 of_IO soil_NN1 erosion_NN1 and_CC sedimentation_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL A_AT1 major_JJ goal_NN1 of_IO conservation_NN1 education_NN1 
is_VBZ to_TO produce_VVI an_AT1 ecological_JJ conscience_NN1 or_CC 
conservation_NN1 ethic_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Most_DAT educationalists_NN2 would_VM agree_VVI that_CST this_DD1 
process_NN1 should_VM start_VVI with_IW young_JJ children_NN2 ,_, with_IW 
programmes_NN2 related_VVN to_II their_APPGE daily_JJ living_JJ habits_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Methods_NN2 of_IO instruction_NN1 vary_VV0 according_II21 
to_II22 the_AT age_NN1 group_NN the_AT teacher_NN1 will_VM teach_VVI ._. 

^ ^_NULL A_AT1 popular_JJ and_CC effective_JJ form_NN1 of_IO instruction_NN1 
,_, particularly_RR at_II the_AT lower_JJR age_NN1 levels_NN2 ,_, is_VBZ 
the_AT *'_" hands-on_NN2 **'_" experience_VV0 ._. 

^ ^_NULL For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, children_NN2 can_VM place_VVI a_AT1 
piece_NN1 of_IO sticky_JJ tape_NN1 in_II a_AT1 jar_NN1 in_II their_APPGE 
playground_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL A_AT1 week_NNT1 later_RRR they_PPHS2 might_VM discover_VVI that_CST 
it_PPH1 is_VBZ covered_VVN in_II black_JJ flecks_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 experience_NN1 would_VM have_VHI a_AT1 far_RG greater_JJR 
impact_NN1 on_II them_PPHO2 than_CSN thousands_NNO2 of_IO words_NN2 spoken_VVN 
on_II air_NN1 pollution_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Education_NN1 is_VBZ needed_VVN to_TO increase_VVI 
awareness_NN1 of_IO misuse_NN1 and_CC waste_NN1 of_IO resources_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Wise_JJ use_NN1 of_IO renewable_JJ resources_NN2 enables_VVZ 
them_PPHO2 to_TO be_VBI replaced_VVN at_II the_AT same_DA rate_NN1 as_CSA 
they_PPHS2 are_VBR being_VBG used_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 are_VBR already_RR looking_VVG at_II alternatives_NN2 to_II 
non-renewable_JJ resources_NN2 so_CS21 that_CS22 we_PPIS2 can_VM reduce_VVI 
our_APPGE dependence_NN1 on_II them_PPHO2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL If_CS managed_VVN wisely_RR ,_, the_AT earth_NN1 is_VBZ capable_JJ 
of_IO providing_VVG everyone_PN1 with_IW their_APPGE needs_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Conservation_NN1 Week_NNT1 has_VHZ been_VBN a_AT1 focal_JJ 
point_NN1 for_IF environmental_JJ awareness_NN1 and_CC conservation_NN1 
education_NN1 for_IF fifteen_MC years_NNT2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT next_MD fifteen_MC years_NNT2 lead_VV0 us_PPIO2 into_II the_AT 
21st_MD Century_NNT1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Decisions_NN2 and_CC actions_NN2 made_VVN in_II the_AT next_MD 
few_DA2 years_NNT2 will_VM affect_VVI what_DDQ happens_VVZ next_MD 
century_NNT1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL That_DD1 is_VBZ why_RRQ *4_NULL Conserving_VVG Our_APPGE Future_NN1 
*0_NULL was_VBDZ chosen_VVN as_CSA this_DD1 year_NNT1 's_GE Conservation_NN1 
theme_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Conservation_NN1 Week_NNT1 is_VBZ always_RR the_AT first_MD 
week_NNT1 in_II August_NPM1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 year_NNT1 emphasis_NN1 is_VBZ placed_VVN on_II a_AT1 
concern_NN1 for_IF quality_NN1 of_IO life_NN1 and_CC on_II the_AT urgent_JJ 
need_NN1 to_TO prevent_VVI unwise_JJ exploitation_NN1 of_IO resources_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT Conservation_NN1 Week_NNT1 campaign_NN1 will_VM focus_VVI 
on_II the_AT following_JJ :_: __NULL |_NULL conserving_JJ air_NN1 ,_, 
water_NN1 and_CC soil_NN1 |_NULL protecting_VVG and_CC preserving_VVG 
natural_JJ habitats_NN2 |_NULL conserving_VVG and_CC recycling_VVG 
resources_NN2 |_NULL using_VVG non-polluting_JJ energy_NN1 alternatives_NN2 
|_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ important_JJ that_CST every_AT1 one_MC1 of_IO 
us_PPIO2 is_VBZ aware_JJ of_IO environmental_JJ planning_NN1 ,_, whether_CSW 
urban_JJ or_CC rural_JJ ,_, concerning_VVG wildlife_NN1 habitat_NN1 or_CC 
arable_JJ land_NN1 ,_, scenic_JJ or_CC recreational_JJ resources_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Conservation_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT wise_JJ use_NN1 of_IO the_AT 
environment_NN1 and_CC everything_PN1 in_II it_PPH1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Our_APPGE spaceship_NN1 earth_NN1 depends_VVZ on_II each_DD1 
person_NN1 making_VVG a_AT1 determined_JJ effort_NN1 to_TO manage_VVI the_AT 
available_JJ resources_NN2 so_CS21 that_CS22 all_DB plants_NN2 and_CC 
animals_NN2 have_VH0 the_AT basic_JJ necessities_NN2 for_IF life_NN1 ._. 

^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Farming_NN1 and_CC the_AT Environment_NN1 Team_NN up_RP 
for_IF Tourism_NN1 ._. 

^ *>_NULL 

^ *<_NULL Aubrey_NP1 Gifford_NP1 *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL In_II 1983_MC the_AT Land_NN1 Settlement_NN1 Board_NNJ 
reaffirmed_VVD its_APPGE decision_NN1 of_IO August_NPM1 1977_MC that_CST 
the_AT Wakelins_NP1 farm_NN1 block_NN1 should_VM not_XX be_VBI available_JJ 
for_IF settlement_NN1 as_CSA farms_NN2 ,_, and_CC approved_VVD a_AT1 new_JJ 
proposal_NN1 that_CST the_AT property_NN1 be_VBI permanently_RR farmed_VVN 
in_II31 terms_II32 of_II33 conservation_NN1 and_CC landscape_NN1 
principles_NN2 allowing_VVG the_AT general_JJ public_NN to_TO view_VVI 
farming_NN1 activities_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL This_DD1 general_JJ concept_NN1 became_VVD known_VVN as_II 
*2_NULL WAKELINS_NP1 AGTOUR_NP1 *0_NULL and_CC after_II a_AT1 period_NN1 of_IO 
preparation_NN1 ,_, the_AT block_NN1 was_VBDZ opened_VVN to_II the_AT 
public_NN on_II 7_MC December_NPM1 1985_MC ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Wakelins_NP1 Agtour_NP1 comprises_VVZ 700_MC hectares_NN2 
of_IO farm_NN1 land_NN1 ,_, with_IW a_AT1 further_JJR 140_MC hectares_NN2 
being_VBG leased_VVN from_II the_AT Waitangi_NP1 National_JJ Trust_NNJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Agtour_NP1 is_VBZ only_RR 10_MC minutes_NNT2 '_GE drive_NN1 from_II 
Paihia_NP1 and_CC extends_VVZ west_ND1 of_IO Haruru_NP Falls_NNL2 being_VBG 
bounded_VVN by_II the_AT Waitangi_NP River_NNL1 to_II the_AT south_ND1 ,_, 
and_CC the_AT Waitangi_NP State_NNL1 Forest_NN1 to_II the_AT north_ND1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT property_NN1 in_II its_APPGE present_JJ state_NN1 
is_VBZ developed_VVN :_: from_II the_AT farming_NN1 point_NN1 of_IO view_NN1 
that_CST is_VBZ ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ divided_VVN into_II four_MC farms_NN2 which_DDQ 
enable_VV0 the_AT Department_NNJ of_IO Lands_NN2 and_CC Survey_NN1 to_TO 
show_VVI off_RP its_APPGE Angora_NN1 goats_NN2 ,_, Red_JJ and_CC Wapiti_NP1 
Deer_NN ,_, Saanen_NP1 milking_NN1 goats_NN2 ,_, Santa_NP Gertrudis_NP1 and_CC 
New_NP Zealand_NP1 Angus_NP1 cattle_NN2 ,_, and_CC Perendale_NP1 sheep_NN ._. 

^ ^_NULL All_DB these_DD2 breeds_NN2 have_VH0 played_VVN or_CC are_VBR at_RR21 
present_RR22 playing_VVG a_AT1 significant_JJ role_NN1 in_II the_AT 
development_NN1 of_IO Northland_NP1 agriculture_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT travelling_JJ public_NN ,_, both_RR overseas_JJ 
visitors_NN2 and_CC New_JJ Zealanders_NP1 are_VBR invited_VVN to_TO drive_VVI 
through_II the_AT farm_NN1 ,_, stopping_VVG off_RP at_II strategic_JJ 
points_NN2 to_TO see_VVI farming_NN1 activities_NN2 and_CC landscape_NN1 
views_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT Visitor_NN1 Centre_NN1 near_II the_AT entrance_NN1 to_II 
the_AT property_NN1 introduces_VVZ visitors_NN2 to_II all_DB facets_NN2 of_IO 
the_AT farm_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II broad_JJ terms_NN2 descriptions_NN2 of_IO the_AT animals_NN2 
and_CC their_APPGE management_NN during_II the_AT seasons_NNT2 is_VBZ 
discussed_VVN in_II pictorial_JJ displays_NN2 and_CC text_NN1 as_CSA is_VBZ 
basic_JJ interpretation_NN1 of_IO the_AT environmental_JJ issues_NN2 ,_, 
both_DB2 flora_NN and_CC fauna_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Other_JJ buildings_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN opened_VVN to_II the_AT 
public_NN ._. 

^ ^_NULL For_REX21 example_REX22 the_AT woolshed_JJ and_CC covered_JJ yard_NN1 
,_, goat_NN1 house_NN1 ,_, goat_NN1 milking_NN1 shed_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT 
goats_NN2 '_GE milk_NN1 processing_NN1 factory_NN1 shortly_RR to_TO be_VBI 
completed_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL All_DB these_DD2 buildings_NN2 contain_VV0 further_JJR displays_NN2 
of_IO a_AT1 more_RGR specific_JJ nature_NN1 related_VVN to_II the_AT units_NN2 
on_II which_DDQ they_PPHS2 are_VBR situated_VVN ._. 

^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Environmental_JJ Planning_NN1 *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT Lands_NN2 and_CC Survey_NN1 Department_NNJ 
's_GE landscape_NN1 architect_NN1 ,_, John_NP1 Hawley_NP1 ,_, was_VBDZ 
charged_VVN with_IW the_AT task_NN1 of_IO setting_VVG a_AT1 course_NN1 to_TO 
satisfy_VVI the_AT following_JJ basic_JJ objectives_NN2 ._. 

^ __NULL |_NULL 1_MC1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL To_TO set_VVI out_RP management_NN proposals_NN2 for_IF existing_JJ 
remnant_NN1 indigenous_JJ vegetation_NN1 to_TO enhance_VVI the_AT value_NN1 
of_IO the_AT property_NN1 both_RR for_IF wildlife_NN1 and_CC aesthetics_NN2 
._. 

^ |_NULL 2_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL To_TO create_VVI wetlands_NN2 and_CC amenity_NN1 planting_VVG for_IF 
the_AT same_DA reasons_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL 3_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL To_TO put_VVI forward_JJ proposals_NN2 to_TO make_VVI the_AT 
existing_JJ undesirable_JJ strong_JJ visual_JJ elements_NN2 less_DAR of_IO 
an_AT1 impact_NN1 and_CC to_TO enhance_VVI those_DD2 that_CST are_VBR 
desirable_JJ ._. 

^ |_NULL 4_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL To_TO ensure_VVI all_DB buildings_NN2 ,_, structures_NN2 and_CC 
development_NN1 are_VBR subservient_JJ to_II the_AT cultural_JJ landscape_NN1 
._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL These_DD2 objectives_NN2 represented_VVD quite_RR a_AT1 
task_NN1 when_CS one_PN1 considers_VVZ that_CST the_AT property_NN1 has_VHZ 
been_VBN farmed_VVN traditionally_RR by_II the_AT Department_NNJ since_II 
1957_MC and_CC therefore_RR when_RRQ John_NP1 undertook_VVD the_AT work_NN1 
he_PPHS1 faced_VVD many_DA2 constraints_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 existing_JJ 
buildings_NN2 of_IO various_JJ designs_NN2 ,_, use_NN1 and_CC colour_NN1 
schemes_NN2 ,_, and_CC some_DD of_IO the_AT strong_JJ visual_JJ elements_NN2 
which_DDQ have_VH0 been_VBN mentioned_VVN earlier_RRR ._. 

^ ^_NULL These_DD2 include_VV0 the_AT exotic_JJ forest_NN1 plantations_NN2 
along_II the_AT northern_JJ boundary_NN1 which_DDQ impose_VV0 an_AT1 
arbitrary_JJ pattern_NN1 of_IO vegetation_NN1 determined_VVN by_II 
ownership_NN1 rather_II21 than_II22 the_AT natural_JJ ground_NN1 contour_NN1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL Mature_JJ pines_NN2 planted_VVD as_II shelter_NN1 belts_NN2 ,_, 
predominantly_RR on_II the_AT western_JJ end_NN1 of_IO the_AT block_NN1 ,_, 
superimpose_VV0 another_DD1 pattern_NN1 of_IO vegetation_NN1 and_CC tend_VV0 
to_TO emphasise_VVI the_AT ridges_NN2 rather_II21 than_II22 the_AT gullies_NN2 
,_, and_CC introduce_VV0 straight_JJ lines_NN2 on_II undulating_VVG 
landscape_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Wetlands_NP1 contained_VVD within_II the_AT farm_NN1 have_VH0 
invariably_RR been_VBN modified_VVN to_II some_DD extent_NN1 by_II ground_NN1 
clearance_NN1 ,_, stock_NN1 ,_, drainage_NN1 works_NN and_CC erosion_NN1 ._. 

^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX were_VBDR however_RR 
some_DD attributes_NN2 which_DDQ the_AT property_NN1 had_VHD ,_, to_TO 
make_VVI our_APPGE task_NN1 easier_RRR ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Waitangi_NP River_NNL1 with_IW its_APPGE ribbon_NN1 
of_IO remnant_NN1 native_JJ vegetation_NN1 extending_VVG in_II long_JJ 
fingers_NN2 up_II the_AT tributary_JJ gullies_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Some_DD remnant_NN1 native_JJ bush_NN1 in_II gully_NN1 heads_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL A_AT1 mostly_RR rolling_VVG contour_NN1 with_IW enough_DD 
elevation_NN1 to_TO give_VVI magnificent_JJ scenic_JJ views_NN2 of_IO the_AT 
Bay_NN1 of_IO Islands_NN2 and_CC surrounding_VVG land_NN1 ,_, even_RR as_CS31 
far_CS32 as_CS33 the_AT rapidly_RR regenerating_VVG indigenous_JJ Opua_NP 
Recreation_NP Forest_NNL1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL And_CC at_II two_MC locations_NN2 ,_, rock_NN1 outcrops_VVZ at_II 
the_AT head_NN1 of_IO bush-filled_JJ gullies_NN2 ,_, resulting_VVG in_II 
the_AT formation_NN1 of_IO impressive_JJ waterfalls_NN2 ._. 

^ *<_NULL *4_NULL A_AT1 management_NN plan_VV0 *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT management_NN plan_VV0 drawn_VVN up_RP in_II 
1984_MC tackled_VVD the_AT objectives_NN2 in_II the_AT following_JJ way_NN1 
._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Firstly_RR the_AT existing_JJ exotic_JJ woodlots_NN2 ,_, 
shelterbelts_NN2 and_CC native_JJ bush_NN1 remnants_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Many_DA2 of_IO the_AT pine_NN1 shelterbelts_NN2 are_VBR nearing_VVG 
the_AT end_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE useful_JJ lives_NN2 and_CC a_AT1 phased_JJ 
programme_NN1 of_IO selected_JJ timber_NN extraction_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN 
implemented_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL Often_RR these_DD2 shelterbelts_NN2 were_VBDR interplanted_VVN 
with_IW eucalyptus_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL These_DD2 eucalypts_NN2 will_VM be_VBI left_VVN to_TO maintain_VVI 
a_AT1 continuous_JJ theme_NN1 along_II the_AT 8_MC kilometre_NNU1 farm_NN1 
road_NN1 and_CC some_DD more_DAR planted_VVD as_CSA specimens_NN2 to_TO 
help_VVI with_IW this_DD1 theme_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT present_JJ pine_NN1 woodlots_NN2 are_VBR being_VBG managed_VVN 
according_II21 to_II22 appropriate_JJ management_NN principles_NN2 and_CC 
when_RRQ clearfelled_VVN will_VM be_VBI replaced_VVN with_IW acacia_NN1 
melanoxylon_NN1 to_TO provide_VVI a_AT1 more_RGR diverse_JJ landscape_NN1 
and_CC higher_JJR returns_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT bush_NN1 remnants_NN2 generally_RR have_VH0 
survived_VVN in_II areas_NN2 of_IO steeper_JJR contour_NN1 and_CC where_RRQ 
stock_NN1 have_VH0 had_VHN less_DAR impact_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Most_DAT are_VBR found_VVN on_II relatively_RR unproductive_JJ ,_, 
erosion-prone_JJ soils_NN2 and_CC provide_VV0 valuable_JJ water_NN1 and_CC 
soil_NN1 protection_NN1 ,_, and_CC will_VM be_VBI fenced_VVN from_II stock_NN1 
to_TO protect_VVI both_RR wildlife_NN1 and_CC scenic_JJ values_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Some_DD enrichment_NN1 planting_NN1 will_VM be_VBI implemented_VVN 
._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Secondly_RR the_AT plan_NN1 suggests_VVZ the_AT creation_NN1 
of_IO wetland_NN1 areas_NN2 and_CC amenity_NN1 plantings_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Our_APPGE aim_NN1 with_IW the_AT wetlands_NN2 is_VBZ to_TO 
reintroduce_VVI characteristic_JJ vegetation_NN1 along_II the_AT rather_RG 
extensive_JJ wetland_NN1 network_NN1 ,_, in_II the_AT hope_NN1 that_CST 
it_PPH1 will_VM create_VVI an_AT1 infrastructure_NN1 of_IO native_JJ 
plants_NN2 which_DDQ will_VM enhance_VVI the_AT scenery_NN1 and_CC expand_VVI 
the_AT ecosystem_NN1 diversity_NN1 for_IF the_AT benefit_NN1 of_IO both_DB2 
stock_NN1 and_CC wildlife_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT most_RGT suitable_JJ catchments_NN2 to_TO dam_VVI have_VH0 
been_VBN identified_VVN with_IW the_AT help_NN1 of_IO the_AT Wildlife_NN1 
Service_NN1 ,_, to_TO make_VVI open_JJ water_NN1 for_IF marsh_NN1 and_CC 
wading_VVG birds_NN2 ,_, and_CC will_VM be_VBI fenced_VVN and_CC planted_VVN 
to_TO create_VVI new_JJ wildlife_NN1 habitat_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Amenity_NP1 planting_NN1 will_VM take_VVI the_AT form_NN1 of_IO 
planting_VVG along_II the_AT farm_NN1 road_NN1 and_CC around_II working_VVG 
areas_NN2 of_IO the_AT farm_NN1 visible_JJ to_II the_AT public_NN in_BCL21 
order_BCL22 to_TO improve_VVI the_AT physical_JJ environment_NN1 ,_, for_IF 
shelter_NN1 ,_, shade_NN1 ,_, and_CC to_TO screen_VVI buildings_NN2 and_CC 
farm_NN1 development_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Both_DB2 these_DD2 areas_NN2 of_IO the_AT management_NN 
plan_NN1 encompass_VV0 erosion-prone_JJ areas_NN2 which_DDQ will_VM be_VBI 
dealt_VVN with_IW initially_RR by_II pair_NN or_CC group_NN planting_VVG 
willows_NN2 or_CC poplars_NN2 ,_, to_TO be_VBI followed_VVN when_RRQ 
stable_NN1 by_II underplanting_VVG with_IW natives_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT willows_NN2 and_CC poplars_NN2 will_VM eventually_RR be_VBI 
removed_VVN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Thirdly_NP1 ,_, buildings_NN2 and_CC structures_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL With_IW a_AT1 large_JJ number_NN1 of_IO buildings_NN2 already_RR 
in_II existence_NN1 the_AT major_JJ thrust_NN1 in_II attempting_VVG to_TO 
integrate_VVI them_PPHO2 with_IW the_AT proposed_JJ character_NN1 of_IO the_AT 
property_NN1 is_VBZ by_II strategic_JJ planting_NN1 of_IO both_DB2 native_JJ 
and_CC exotic_JJ species_NN ,_, along_II21 with_II22 the_AT adoption_NN1 of_IO 
a_AT1 co-ordinated_JJ colour_NN1 scheme_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Generally_RR speaking_VVG buildings_NN2 used_VMK to_TO 
accommodate_VVI staff_NN are_VBR given_VVN a_AT1 degree_NN1 of_IO 
individuality_NN1 as_II21 regards_II22 colour_NN1 ,_, while_CS those_DD2 
with_IW which_DDQ the_AT public_JJ deal_NN1 directly_RR and_CC farm_NN1 
service_NN1 buildings_NN2 maintain_VV0 a_AT1 colour_NN1 scheme_NN1 
throughout_II the_AT farm_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL New_JJ buildings_NN2 and_CC structures_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 
fences_NN2 and_CC water_NN1 tanks_NN2 ,_, are_VBR being_VBG architecturally_RR 
designed_VVN and_CC sited_VVN according_II21 to_II22 landscape_NN1 
principles_NN2 outlined_VVD earlier_RRR ._. 

^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Looking_VVG to_II the_AT future_NN1 *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL To_TO give_VVI an_AT1 idea_NN1 of_IO the_AT extent_NN1 
of_IO development_NN1 ,_, Agtour_NP1 has_VHZ planned_VVN native_JJ tree_NN1 
purchases_NN2 of_IO some_DD 66800_MC trees_NN2 and_CC approximately_RR 
10000_MC exotics_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Total_JJ fencing_NN1 costs_NN2 are_VBR likely_JJ to_TO top_VVI 
*+_NULL $100000_NNU ._. 

^ ^_NULL With_IW buildings_NN2 and_CC other_JJ work_NN1 done_VDN to_TO 
date_VVI expenditure_NN1 exceeds_VVZ *+_NULL $1_NNU million_NNO ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL With_IW a_AT1 new_JJ and_CC rather_RG unique_JJ enterprise_NN1 
such_II21 as_II22 Wakelins_NP1 Agtour_NP1 ,_, projected_JJ popularity_NN1 
is_VBZ very_RG much_RR the_AT question_NN1 in_II many_DA2 minds_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL During_II the_AT design_NN1 phase_NN1 local_JJ visitor_NN1 flows_VVZ 
in_II the_AT Bay_NN1 of_IO Islands_NN2 were_VBDR analysed_VVN and_CC 
predictions_NN2 of_IO around_RG 60000_MC visitors_NN2 a_AT1 year_NNT1 
were_VBDR produced_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 sort_NN1 of_IO figure_NN1 no_RR21 doubt_RR22 will_VM 
take_VVI 2_MC or_CC 3_MC years_NNT2 to_TO achieve_VVI at_II the_AT 
earliest_JJT ,_, but_CCB with_IW sufficient_JJ activity_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 
rapidly_RR improving_VVG scenic_JJ and_CC wildlife_NN1 environment_NN1 ,_, 
the_AT Department_NNJ has_VHZ no_RR21 doubt_RR22 that_CST Wakelins_NP1 
Agtour_NP1 will_VM provide_VVI an_AT1 alternative_JJ land-based_JJ 
attraction_NN1 within_II the_AT Russell-Paihia-Kerikeri_NP1 tourist_NN1 
triangle_NN1 ._. 

^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 146+TEXT+F03_FO **]_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL Speaking_VVG in_RR21 public_RR22 can_VM be_VBI a_AT1 
minefield_NN1 of_IO hazards_NN2 ,_, hiccups_NN2 and_CC horrors_NN2 *-_- 
but_CCB there_EX are_VBR rewards_NN2 too_RR if_CS you_PPY 're_VBR good_JJ 
enough_RR ,_, both_RR for_IF the_AT ego_NN1 and_CC the_AT pocket_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL PIONEER_NN1 *0_NULL American_JJ media-mouth_JJ Art_NN1 
Linkletter_NP1 has_VHZ a_AT1 story_NN1 about_II a_AT1 guy_NN1 who_PNQS 
fought_VVD stage_NN1 fright_NN1 for_IF years_NNT2 to_TO become_VVI an_AT1 
ace_JJ public_JJ speaker_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Even_RR landed_VVD a_AT1 spot_JJ21 on_JJ22 television_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL One_MC1 night_NNT1 ,_, after_CS yet_RR another_DD1 day_NNT1 of_IO 
stomach-churning_JJ anxiety_NN1 ,_, he_PPHS1 got_VVD up_RP to_TO speak_VVI 
at_II a_AT1 celebrity_NN1 dinner_NN1 and_CC gave_VVD the_AT speech_NN1 of_IO 
his_APPGE life_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL On_II a_AT1 performance_NN1 high_JJ ,_, he_PPHS1 made_VVD his_APPGE 
way_NN1 back_RP to_II his_APPGE seat_NN1 ,_, rested_VVD his_APPGE head_NN1 
on_II the_AT shoulder_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE still-clapping_JJ neighbour_NN1 ,_, 
and_CC died_VVD ._. 

^ ^_NULL If_CS ,_, like_II Linkletter_NP1 ,_, you_PPY find_VV0 this_DD1 
story_NN1 inspirational_JJ ,_, you_PPY could_VM have_VHI the_AT makings_NN2 
of_IO an_AT1 after_JJ dinner_NN1 speaker_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Endless_JJ magazine_NN1 surveys_NN2 of_IO people_NN 's_GE 
worst_JJT fears_NN2 have_VH0 shown_VVN that_CST speaking_VVG in_RR21 
public_RR22 is_VBZ right_JJ up_RP there_RL making_VVG things_NN2 like_II 
nuclear_JJ holocaust_NN1 ,_, quadriplegia_NN1 and_CC death_NN1 seem_VV0 
like_II minor_JJ anxieties_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 could_VM be_VBI something_PN1 to_TO do_VDI with_IW a_AT1 
primeval_JJ fear_NN1 of_IO exposure_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL More_RGR intelligent_JJ lifeforms_NN2 ,_, like_II cats_NN2 ,_, 
heed_NN1 the_AT survival_NN1 advantages_NN2 of_IO skirting_NN1 open_JJ 
ground_NN1 keeping_VVG within_II a_AT1 whisker_NN1 of_IO heavy_JJ cover_NN1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB every_AT1 night_NNT1 of_IO the_AT week_NNT1 ,_, somewhere_RL 
around_II the_AT country_NN1 ,_, someone_PN1 is_VBZ preparing_VVG to_TO 
get_VVI up_RP stone_NN1 cold_JJ sober_JJ and_CC play_VVI Russian_JJ 
roulette_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 loaded_JJ audience_NN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Those_DD2 speakers_NN2 look_VV0 so_RR relaxed_VVD ,_, do_VD0 
n't_XX they_PPHS2 ?_? 

^ ^_NULL Look_VV0 again_RT ._. 

^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 're_VBR talking_VVG about_II the_AT body_NN1 language_NN1 
of_IO naked_JJ terror_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT nonchalant_JJ rocking_NN1 on_II the_AT balls_NN2 of_IO the_AT 
feet_NN2 is_VBZ to_TO make_VVI sure_JJ that_CST the_AT nervous_JJ system_NN1 
is_VBZ still_RR functioning_VVG ,_, if_CS only_RR on_II auxiliary_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Throat-clearing_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 desperate_JJ attempt_NN1 to_II 
reprogramme_NN1 vocal_JJ cords_NN2 that_CST have_VH0 been_VBN petrified_VVN 
out_II21 of_II22 a_DD221 few_DD222 thousand_NNO years_NNT2 of_IO evolution_NN1 
._. 

^ *"_" ^_NULL Unaccustomed_JJ as_CSA I_PPIS1 am_VBM to_II {_NULL oogah_NN1 
zurrgh_NN1 bloof_NN1 ..._... 

^ }_NULL **"_" ^_NULL The_AT casual_JJ flick_NN1 of_IO the_AT hand_NN1 in_II 
the_AT direction_NN1 of_IO the_AT fly_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Those_DD2 people_NN are_VBR dying_VVG up_RP there_RL and_CC it_PPH1 
's_VBZ only_RR human_JJ to_TO want_VVI to_TO do_VDI it_PPH1 with_IW a_AT1 
little_JJ dignity_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL So_RR why_RRQ do_VD0 they_PPHS2 do_VDI it_PPH1 ?_? 

^ ^_NULL Failure_NN1 means_VVZ a_AT1 lifetime_NNT1 of_IO meeting_NN1 people_NN 
whose_DDQGE lips_NN2 start_VV0 to_TO twitch_VVI at_II the_AT sight_NN1 of_IO 
you_PPY ._. 

^ ^_NULL And_CC success_NN1 ?_? 

^ ^_NULL At_II the_AT top_JJ end_NN1 of_IO the_AT market_NN1 ,_, after_CS 
dinner_NN1 speakers_NN2 are_VBR turning_VVG pro_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL People_NN like_II Billy_NP1 \_NULL T_NP1 James_NP1 and_CC Jeremy_NP1 
Coney_NP1 are_VBR said_VVN to_TO get_VVI *+_NULL $1000-_NNU plus_II a_AT1 
hit_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL That_DD1 can_VM amount_VVI to_II *+_NULL $50_NNU a_AT1 minute_NNT1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB the_AT fact_NN1 remains_VVZ that_CST few_DA2 can_VM do_VDI 
it_PPH1 and_CC fewer_DAR would_VM want_VVI to_TO ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT cavalier_JJ Andy_NP1 Haden_NP1 has_VHZ done_VDN 
his_APPGE share_NN1 of_IO after_JJ dinner_NN1 spots_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ among_II the_AT first_MD to_TO see_VVI the_AT 
advantages_NN2 of_IO getting_VVG the_AT business_NN1 organised_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL His_APPGE agency_NN1 ,_, Sporting_JJ Contacts_NN2 ,_, will_VM do_VDI 
everything_PN1 up_II21 to_II22 and_CC including_II writing_VVG clients_NN2 
'_GE speeches_NN2 for_IF them_PPHO2 ._. 

^ *"_" ^_NULL I_PPIS1 set_VVD up_RP the_AT agency_NN1 after_II a_AT1 year_NNT1 
I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ asked_VVN to_TO speak_VVI 50_MC times_NNT2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL That_DD1 is_VBZ not_XX conducive_JJ to_II a_AT1 good_JJ family_NN 
life_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Try_VV0 to_TO fit_VVI in_II business_NN1 and_CC sport_NN1 as_RR21 
well_RR22 and_CC it_PPH1 's_VBZ just_RR impossible_JJ ._. **"_" 

^ ^_NULL The_AT agency_NN1 handles_VVZ sports_NN2 personalities_NN2 and_CC 
performing_VVG politicians_NN2 like_II Tim_NP1 Shadbolt_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT way_NN1 Haden_NP1 sees_VVZ it_PPH1 ,_, if_CS you_PPY can_VM 
get_VVI someone_PN1 else_RR to_TO make_VVI all_DB the_AT arrangements_NN2 ,_, 
book_NN1 the_AT travel_NN1 and_CC set_VVD the_AT fees_NN2 ,_, telling_VVG 
anecdotes_NN2 for_IF fun_NN1 and_CC profit_NN1 can_VM work_VVI for_IF you_PPY 
._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 says_VVZ he_PPHS1 is_VBZ n't_XX making_VVG a_AT1 lot_NN 
of_IO money_NN1 out_II21 of_II22 the_AT business_NN1 ._. 

^ *"_" ^_NULL As_CS31 far_CS32 as_CS33 I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ concerned_JJ it_PPH1 
was_VBDZ more_RRR to_TO take_VVI the_AT hassles_NN2 out_II21 of_II22 it_PPH1 
than_CSN to_TO exploit_VVI the_AT commercial_JJ side_NN1 ._. **"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL But_II21 for_II22 speakers_NN2 who_PNQS are_VBR now_RT in_II 
the_AT four-figure_JJ bracket_NN1 *"_" the_AT commercial_JJ side_NN1 **"_" 
is_VBZ increasingly_RR an_AT1 issue_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT past_NN1 ,_, payment_NN1 for_IF such_DA services_NN2 
has_VHZ been_VBN a_AT1 mutually_RR agreed_VVN upon_II grey_JJ area_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL You_PPY did_VDD n't_XX talk_VVI money_NN1 ,_, you_PPY talked_VVD *"_" 
expenses_NN2 **"_" and_CC *"_" gifts_NN2 **"_" ._. 

^ ^_NULL Accepting_NP1 money_NN1 over_II the_AT table_NN1 ,_, in_RR21 
full_RR22 view_NN1 of_IO the_AT taxperson_NN1 ,_, sets_VVZ up_RP a_AT1 
whole_JJ new_JJ set_NN1 of_IO pressures_NN2 and_CC expectations_NN2 ._. 

^ *"_" ^_NULL How_RGQ much_DA1 preparation_NN1 would_VM a_AT1 professional_NN1 
put_VVI into_II something_PN1 if_CS you_PPY were_VBDR n't_XX being_VBG 
paid_VVN ?_? **"_" says_VVZ Haden_NP1 ._. 

^ *"_" ^_NULL Overseas_RL it_PPH1 's_VBZ quite_RR accepted_VVN that_CST a_AT1 
speaker_NN1 will_VM get_VVI a_AT1 good_JJ fee_NN1 and_CC they_PPHS2 are_VBR 
expected_VVN to_TO perform_VVI accordingly_RR ._. **"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ a_AT1 new_JJ ,_, hard-nosed_JJ approach_NN1 
to_II what_DDQ has_VHZ traditionally_RR been_VBN an_AT1 amateur_JJ 
minority_NN1 art_NN1 form_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB Haden_NP1 points_VVZ out_RP that_CST there_RL have_VH0 
always_RR been_VBN ulterior_JJ motives_NN2 for_IF speaking_VVG ._. 

^ *"_" ^_NULL You_PPY can_VM get_VVI a_AT1 message_NN1 across_RL to_II 
people_NN who_PNQS do_VD0 n't_XX know_VVI your_APPGE side_NN1 of_IO the_AT 
story_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL You_PPY can_VM build_VVI into_II a_AT1 speech_NN1 that_CST ,_, for_IF 
all_DB intents_NN2 and_CC purposes_NN2 is_VBZ to_TO entertain_VVI people_NN 
,_, uses_VVZ for_IF other_JJ ends_NN2 ._. **"_" 

^ |_NULL *2_NULL ^_NULL FOR_IF SHARON_NP1 CROSBIE_NP1 *0_NULL the_AT 
rewards_NN2 of_IO being_VBG flavour_NN1 of_IO the_AT month_NNT1 on_II the_AT 
circuit_NN1 are_VBR less_RGR tangible_JJ ._. 

^ *"_" ^_NULL Listen_VV0 to_II this_DD1 ,_, **"_" she_PPHS1 says_VVZ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Down_II the_AT phone_NN1 line_NN1 ,_, sounds_NN2 of_IO the_AT 
riffling_NN1 of_IO vast_JJ quantities_NN2 of_IO paper_NN1 ._. 

^ *"_" ^_NULL At_II this_DD1 moment_NN1 I_PPIS1 am_VBM gloomily_RR 
contemplating_VVG a_AT1 pile_NN1 of_IO 50_MC or_CC 60_MC invitations_NN2 to_TO 
be_VBI *-_- gasp_NN1 *-_- an_AT1 after_JJ dinner_NN1 speaker_NN1 ._. **"_" 

^ ^_NULL Is_VBZ she_PPHS1 less_RRR than_CSN pleased_JJ ?_? 

^ *"_" ^_NULL I_PPIS1 ca_VM n't_XX *1_NULL tell_VVI *0_NULL you_PPY how_RGQ 
much_DA1 I_PPIS1 hate_VV0 it_PPH1 ._. **"_" 

^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 certainly_RR tries_VVZ ._. 

^ *"_" ^_NULL My_APPGE heart_NN1 sinks_VVZ within_II me_PPIO1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 hyperventilate_VV0 ._. 

^ ^_NULL When_CS the_AT day_NNT1 comes_VVZ I_MC1 think_NN1 of_IO 800_MC 
lies_NN2 ,_, 400_MC excuses_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 'm_VBM prepared_VVN to_TO declare_VVI nuclear_JJ war_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 'm_VBM actually_RR practising_VVG creative_JJ lying_JJ as_CSA 
we_PPIS2 talk_VV0 ._. **"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL As_CSA it_PPH1 turns_VVZ out_RP she_PPHS1 's_VHZ always_RR 
been_VBN a_AT1 soft_JJ touch_NN1 ._. 

^ *"_" ^_NULL I_PPIS1 do_VD0 it_PPH1 because_CS I_PPIS1 have_VH0 a_AT1 
moral_JJ conscience_NN1 about_II it_PPH1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL When_CS I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ trained_VVN in_II Broadcasting_VVG back_RP 
in_II 1969_MC there_EX was_VBDZ a_AT1 great_JJ thing_NN1 about_II us_PPIO2 
doing_VDG it_PPH1 as_RG good_JJ {_NULL PR_NP1 }_NULL ._. 

^ ^_NULL At_II the_AT moment_NN1 I_PPIS1 'm_VBM being_VBG asked_VVN because_CS 
I_PPIS1 've_VH0 been_VBN to_II America_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 've_VH0 had_VHN Harkness_NP1 and_CC Nieman_NP1 
Fellowships_NP1 and_CC I_PPIS1 do_VD0 have_VHI an_AT1 obligation_NN1 ,_, 
especially_RR given_VVN the_AT rather_RG taut_JJ relationship_NN1 between_II 
the_AT two_MC countries_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Of_RR21 course_RR22 I_PPIS1 must_VM share_VVI it_PPH1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 must_VM tell_VVI it_PPH1 like_II the_AT Ancient_JJ 
Mariner_NP1 ,_, but_CCB I_PPIS1 do_VD0 n't_XX want_VVI to_TO ._. **"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL For_IF a_AT1 *"_" name_NN1 **"_" speaker_NN1 Crosbie_NP1 
is_VBZ also_RR a_AT1 bit_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 bargain_NN1 ._. 

^ *"_" ^_NULL I_PPIS1 will_VM not_XX do_VDI what_DDQ these_DD2 nauseating_VVG 
sportsmen_NN2 do_VD0 and_CC charge_NN1 1500_MC bucks_NN2 for_IF a_AT1 
collection_NN1 of_IO unrelated_JJ jokes_NN2 ._. **"_" 

^ ^_NULL For_IF her_APPGE own_DA efforts_NN2 ,_, she_PPHS1 has_VHZ scored_VVN 
some_DD *"_" totally_RR bizarre_JJ **"_" expressions_NN2 of_IO gratitude_NN1 
._. 

^ *"_" ^_NULL Once_CS I_PPIS1 got_VVD a_AT1 gift_NN1 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL -wrapped_JJ tin_NN1 of_IO Raro_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 've_VH0 had_VHN a_AT1 *+_NULL $1_NNU petrol_NN1 voucher_NN1 
from_II a_AT1 lot_NN of_IO ladies_NN2 in_II MGs_NP1 and_CC mink_NN1 hats_NN2 
,_, and_CC a_AT1 sponge_NN1 roll_NN1 gift_NN1 wrapped_VVD and_CC tied_VVD 
with_IW a_AT1 hair_NN1 ribbon_NN1 ._. **"_" 

^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 's_VBZ plotting_VVG to_TO ask_VVI for_IF book_NN1 
tokens_NN2 in_II the_AT future_NN1 ,_, because_CS there_EX does_VDZ n't_XX 
seem_VVI to_TO be_VBI any_DD let_NN1 **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL -up_NN1 in_II 
sight_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT Institute_NNJ of_IO Professional_JJ Engineers_NN2 must_VM 
be_VBI faced_VVN ._. 

^ *"_" ^_NULL It_PPH1 's_VBZ a_AT1 form_NN1 of_IO masochism_NN1 ,_, **"_" 
she_PPHS1 muses_VVZ ._. 

^ *"_" ^_NULL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ brought_VVN up_RP by_II my_APPGE 
grandmother_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL On_II a_AT1 bad_JJ day_NNT1 she_PPHS1 would_VM say_VVI ,_, *'_" 
^_NULL Today_RT you_PPY have_VH0 behaved_VVN like_II 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL a_AT1 performing_JJ hyena_NN1 ._. 

^ **'_" ^_NULL I_PPIS1 suspect_VV0 that_CST some_DD residual_JJ performing_NN1 
hyena_NN1 from_II the_AT age_NN1 of_IO four_MC has_VHZ lasted_VVN through_II 
the_AT decades_NNT2 ._. **"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL High-profile_JJ recluse_NN1 Keri_NP1 Hulme_NP1 refuses_VVZ 
to_TO give_VVI an_AT1 inch_NNU1 to_II any_DD performing_NN1 hyena_NN1 
within_RL ._. 

^ ^_NULL Yes_UH ,_, she_PPHS1 does_VDZ get_VVI asked_VVN to_TO be_VBI an_AT1 
after_JJ dinner_NN1 speaker_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL No_UH ,_, she_PPHS1 almost_RR never_RR accepts_VVZ ._. 

^ *"_" ^_NULL I_PPIS1 had_VHD a_AT1 marvellous_JJ approach_NN1 from_II a_AT1 
publicity_NN1 agent_NN1 suggesting_VVG that_CST I_PPIS1 needed_VVD an_AT1 
agent_NN1 for_IF that_DD1 sort_NN1 of_IO thing_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 very_RG politely_RR said_VVD I_PPIS1 had_VHD no_AT 
intention_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL To_II me_PPIO1 it_PPH1 's_VBZ the_AT Tim_NP1 Shadbolt_NP1 circuit_NN1 
;_; you_PPY trade_VV0 on_II a_AT1 media_NN image_NN1 and_CC go_VV0 and_CC 
infiltrate_VV0 people_NN 's_GE ears_NN2 after_II dinner_NN1 ._. **"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL She_PPHS1 does_VDZ have_VHI her_APPGE price_NN1 ._. 

^ *"_" ^_NULL I_PPIS1 do_VD0 n't_XX feel_VVI obliged_JJ in_II any_DD way_NN1 
except_CS to_II things_NN2 that_CST are_VBR of_IO pertinent_JJ concern_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 have_VH0 talked_VVN to_II writers_NN2 or_CC people_NN 
associated_VVN with_IW book_NN1 selling_VVG or_CC publishing_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Quite_RG frankly_RR I_PPIS1 've_VH0 been_VBN pushing_VVG writers_NN2 
'_GE barrows_NN2 ._. **"_" 

^ ^_NULL Local_NN1 issues_NN2 ,_, hui_NN2 of_IO various_JJ sorts_NN2 and_CC 
the_AT odd_JJ publisher_NN1 's_VBZ Christmas_NNT1 party_NN are_VBR about_II 
it_PPH1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL And_CC for_IF Hulme_NP1 there_EX is_VBZ no_AT rubbish_NN1 about_II 
prepared_JJ speeches_NN2 and_CC no_AT drinking_NN1 beforehand_RR ._. 

^ *"_" ^_NULL God_NP1 ,_, why_RRQ else_RR would_VM you_PPY go_VVI to_II 
these_DD2 things_NN2 ?_? 

^ ^_NULL If_CS I_PPIS1 'm_VBM there_RL I_PPIS1 'm_VBM basically_RR there_RL 
for_IF the_AT food_NN1 and_CC the_AT drink_NN1 and_CC the_AT company_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Anything_PN1 else_RR sounds_VVZ to_II me_PPIO1 like_II the_AT 
antithesis_NN1 of_IO what_DDQ speaking_NN1 to_TO informally_RR communicate_VVI 
is_VBZ ._. **"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Book_NN1 Phil_NP1 Gifford_NP1 for_IF your_APPGE function_NN1 
and_CC you_PPY get_VV0 two_MC for_IF the_AT price_NN1 of_IO one_MC1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL His_APPGE alter-ego_NN1 ,_, eccentric_JJ sportscaster_NN1 
Loosehead_NP1 Len_NP1 ,_, set_VVD him_PPHO1 on_II a_AT1 roll_NN1 that_CST 
ended_VVD with_IW up_RG21 to_RG22 four_MC engagements_NN2 a_AT1 week_NNT1 ._. 

^ *"_" ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ just_RR insane_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Really_RR ,_, really_RR bad_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL So_RR I_PPIS1 started_VVD cutting_VVG down_RP ._. **"_" 

^ ^_NULL These_DD2 days_NNT2 his_APPGE appearances_NN2 on_II Radio_NN1 
Hauraki_NP1 's_GE brekkie_NN1 show_NN1 have_VH0 him_PPHO1 at_II the_AT 
studio_NN1 by_II 6.20_MC {_NULL am_RA }_NULL and_CC he_PPHS1 tries_VVZ to_TO 
keep_VVI speaking_VVG engagements_NN2 down_RP to_II one_PN1 a_AT1 month_NNT1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL Most_DAT people_NN I_PPIS1 spoke_VVD to_RP ranked_VVD him_PPHO1 
as_CSA one_MC1 of_IO the_AT best_JJT things_NN2 you_PPY can_VM get_VVI 
served_VVN up_RP after_II dessert_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_II21 for_II22 Gifford_NP1 ,_, the_AT stakes_NN2 may_VM be_VBI 
getting_VVG too_RG high_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL When_RRQ people_NN like_II Jeremy_NP1 Coney_NP1 ,_, Stu_NP1 
Wilson_NP1 and_CC Andy_NP1 Haden_NP1 are_VBR charging_VVG like_II wounded_JJ 
bulls_NN2 ,_, there_EX are_VBR choices_NN2 to_TO be_VBI made_VVN ._. 

^ *"_" ^_NULL If_CS I_PPIS1 wanted_VVD to_TO be_VBI greedy_JJ ,_, I_PPIS1 
could_VM push_VVI myself_PPX1 pretty_RG close_RR to_II their_APPGE fee_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 'd_VM much_RR rather_RR do_VDI a_AT1 speech_NN1 for_IF 
charity_NN1 or_CC for_IF a_AT1 friend_NN1 for_IF nothing_PN1 because_CS 
it_PPH1 takes_VVZ the_AT heat_NN1 out_II21 of_II22 it_PPH1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL If_CS you_PPY 're_VBR being_VBG paid_VVN a_AT1 tremendous_JJ 
amount_NN1 of_IO money_NN1 and_CC it_PPH1 falls_VVZ over_RP *-_- I_PPIS1 
would_VM n't_XX really_RR fancy_VVI that_DD1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 do_VD0 n't_XX think_VVI I_MC1 've_VH0 got_VVN the_AT 
temperament_NN1 ._. **"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II his_APPGE years_NNT2 of_IO putting_VVG himself_PPX1 
out_RP there_RL Gifford_NP1 has_VHZ ridden_VVN both_RR the_AT highs_NN2 and_CC 
the_AT lows_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL From_II a_AT1 dinner_NN1 in_II Queenstown_NP1 with_IW scenic_JJ 
flights_NN2 and_CC jet-boating_NN1 laid_VVD on_RP ,_, to_II a_AT1 school_NN1 
rugby_NN1 function_NN1 where_RRQ he_PPHS1 had_VHD to_TO buy_VVI his_APPGE 
own_DA beer_NN1 ._. 

^ *"_" ^_NULL When_CS I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ finishing_VVG the_AT dinner_NN1 ,_, 
which_DDQ was_VBDZ something_PN1 like_II pressed_JJ ham_NN1 and_CC 
coleslaw_NN1 ,_, the_AT guy_NN1 had_VHD the_AT gall_NN1 to_TO say_VVI ,_, *'_" 
^_NULL This_DD1 must_VM really_RR be_VBI good_JJ for_IF you_PPY ._. 

^ ^_NULL If_CS you_PPY do_VD0 this_DD1 a_PN21 lot_PN22 ,_, you_PPY 'd_VM 
eat_VVI free_JJ meals_NN2 every_AT1 night_NNT1 ._. 

^ **'_" **"_" ^_NULL He_PPHS1 has_VHZ spoken_VVN with_IW just_RR21 about_RR22 
everyone_PN1 else_RR on_II the_AT round_JJ and_CC he_PPHS1 's_VHZ heard_VVN 
some_DD *1_NULL real_JJ *0_NULL horror_NN1 stories_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Like_II the_AT disabled_JJ athlete_NN1 who_PNQS paid_VVD her_APPGE 
own_DA fares_NN2 and_CC accommodation_NN1 and_CC never_RR saw_VVD a_AT1 
cent_NNU1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Neither_DD1 did_VDD the_AT charity_NN1 which_DDQ was_VBDZ supposed_JJ 
to_TO receive_VVI her_APPGE fee_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Gifford_NP1 reckons_VVZ he_PPHS1 has_VHZ just_RR21 about_RR22 
seen_VVN it_PPH1 all_RR21 but_RR22 has_VHZ never_RR completely_RR worked_VVN 
out_RP what_DDQ makes_VVZ an_AT1 audience_NN tick_VVI ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 remembers_VVZ how_RRQ one_MC1 time_NNT1 in_II Pukekohe_NP1 
he_PPHS1 and_CC Jeremy_NP1 Coney_NP1 had_VHD them_PPHO2 dancing_VVG on_II 
the_AT tables_NN2 at_II a_AT1 cricket_NN1 club_NN do_VD0 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Not_XX long_RR after_CS ,_, the_AT same_DA speakers_NN2 with_IW 
pretty_RG much_RR the_AT same_DA speeches_NN2 laid_VVD an_AT1 egg_NN1 in_II 
Te_AT Puke_NN1 ._. 

^ *"_" ^_NULL The_AT more_DAR you_PPY do_VD0 it_PPH1 ,_, the_AT more_DAR 
you_PPY realise_VV0 how_RRQ mysterious_JJ audiences_NN2 are_VBR and_CC the_AT 
more_RGR nerve-wracking_JJ it_PPH1 becomes_VVZ ._. **"_" 

^ ^_NULL Experience_NN1 has_VHZ taught_VVN him_PPHO1 how_RRQ to_TO stay_VVI 
alive_JJ up_RP there_RL ._. 

^ *"_" ^_NULL With_IW me_PPIO1 the_AT audience_NN is_VBZ just_RR hoping_VVG 
I_PPIS1 'll_VM tell_VVI them_PPHO2 a_DD221 few_DD222 stories_NN2 they_PPHS2 
have_VH0 n't_XX heard_VVN before_RT ._. 

^ ^_NULL About_II two-thirds_MF of_IO what_DDQ I_PPIS1 do_VD0 is_VBZ true_JJ 
._. **"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL At_II the_AT moment_NN1 ,_, the_AT other_JJ third_MD is_VBZ 
mainly_RR anti-Australian_JJ jokes_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 's_VHZ been_VBN doing_VDG them_PPHO2 for_IF a_AT1 couple_NN1 
of_IO years_NNT2 now_RT ._. 

^ ^_NULL And_CC they_PPHS2 still_RR do_VD0 the_AT trick_NN1 ?_? 

^ *"_" ^_NULL Good_NP1 as_RG gold_JJ ,_, good_JJ as_CSA gold_NN1 ._. **"_" 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 has_VHZ an_AT1 emergency_NN1 joke_NN1 he_PPHS1 uses_VVZ 
to_TO check_VVI out_RP particularly_RR enigmatic_JJ audiences_NN2 ._. 

^ *"_" ^_NULL It_PPH1 's_VBZ very_RG much_RR a_AT1 weathervane_NN1 ;_; I_PPIS1 
tell_VV0 it_PPH1 about_II fourth_MD or_CC fifth_MD story_NN1 in_RP ._. **"_" 

^ ^_NULL Something_PN1 about_II a_AT1 naked_JJ Australian_JJ taxi_NN1 
driver_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 new_JJ *+_NULL $200_NNU pair_NN of_IO shoes_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Not_XX too_RG gross_JJ ,_, not_XX too_RG sexist_NN1 ._. 

^ *"_" ^_NULL I_PPIS1 'll_VM tell_VVI it_PPH1 earlier_RRR if_CS things_NN2 
are_VBR n't_XX going_VVG well_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL If_CS they_PPHS2 really_RR do_VD0 n't_XX laugh_VVI at_II it_PPH1 ,_, 
I_PPIS1 start_VV0 talking_VVG about_II raising_VVG money_NN1 for_IF 
charity_NN1 ._. **"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Tips_NN2 for_IF the_AT aspiring_NN1 ?_? 

^ ^_NULL Be_VB0 prepared_VVN ,_, be_VBI on_II time_NNT1 and_CC do_VD0 n't_XX 
let_VVI the_AT turkeys_NN2 start_VVI dancing_VVG ._. 

^ *"_" ^_NULL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ flown_VVN down_RP to_II a_AT1 rugby_NN1 club_NN 
thing_NN1 where_RRQ they_PPHS2 let_VV0 the_AT dance_NN1 go_VVI on_RP for_IF 
a_AT1 couple_NN1 of_IO hours_NNT2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL All_DB the_AT young_JJ guys_NN2 were_VBDR having_VHG a_AT1 great_JJ 
time_NNT1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Then_RT the_AT chairman_NN1 got_VVD up_RP and_CC said_VVD ,_, *'_" 
^_NULL Shut_VVD up_RP you_PPY jokers_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 've_VH0 got_VVN 
Loosehead_NP1 Len_NP1 here_RL ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 cost_VVD us_PPIO2 a_PN21 lot_PN22 to_II fly_NN1 him_PPHO1 
down_RP ,_, so_CS shut_VVN up_RP and_CC listen_VV0 ._. 

^ **'_" **"_" ^_NULL About_RG six_MC people_NN did_VDD ,_, the_AT rest_NN1 
carried_VVD on_RP as_CS21 if_CS22 he_PPHS1 did_VDD n't_XX exist_VVI ._. 

^ *"_" ^_NULL I_PPIS1 told_VVD 25_MC minutes_NNT2 of_IO jokes_NN2 in_RP 
about_RG 10_MC minutes_NNT2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL \_NULL Thangyouvermuch-_JJ s'beenwunnerful_JJ 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL -g'night_NN1 ._. **"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL You_PPY get_VV0 the_AT feeling_NN1 that_CST for_IF all_DB 
the_AT speakers_NN2 ,_, those_DD2 risky_JJ few_DA2 minutes_NNT2 poised_VVD 
between_II triumph_NN1 and_CC terminal_JJ humiliation_NN1 produce_VV0 a_AT1 
slightly_RR addictive_JJ chemical_NN1 buzz_FU ._. 

^ *"_" ^_NULL There_EX are_VBR nights_NNT2 when_RRQ you_PPY think_VV0 you_PPY 
'll_VM never_RR make_VVI a_AT1 speech_NN1 again_RT ,_, **"_" says_VVZ 
Gifford_NP1 ._. 

^ *"_" ^_NULL Then_RT there_EX are_VBR the_AT nights_NNT2 when_RRQ you_PPY 
think_VV0 ,_, *'_" Oh_UH ,_, yeah_UH ,_, I_PPIS1 'd_VM like_VVI to_TO do_VDI 
nothing_PN1 but_CCB make_VV0 speeches_NN2 for_IF the_AT rest_NN1 of_IO 
my_APPGE life_NN1 ._. 

^ **'_" **"_" |_NULL ^_NULL *2_NULL THE_AT BIG_JJ *0_NULL corporate_JJ 
annual_JJ dinner_NN1 is_VBZ set_VVN to_TO start_VVI at_II a_AT1 fashionable_JJ 
7.30-for-eight_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL Black_JJ tie_NN1 ,_, carnations_NN2 for_IF the_AT ladies_NN2 ,_, 
entertainment_NN1 provided_VVN by_II a_AT1 couple_NN1 of_IO the_AT 
four-figure_JJ boys_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Tonight_RT it_PPH1 's_VBZ Jeremy_NP1 Coney_NP1 and_CC David_NP1 
McPhail_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Over_II pre_NN1 **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL -dinner_JJ drinks_NN2 ,_, 
Coney_NP1 gives_VVZ the_AT audience_NN a_AT1 team-talk_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 are_VBR to_TO be_VBI his_APPGE fielders_NN2 and_CC will_VM 
be_VBI seated_VVN accordingly_RR ._. 

^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 147+TEXT+F04_FO **]_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL Can_VM you_PPY see_VVI the_AT Mikhail_NP1 
Lermontov_NP1 these_DD2 days_NNT2 ?_? 

^ ^_NULL No_UH you_PPY ca_VM n't_XX ._. 

^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 lies_VVZ deep_RR in_II the_AT waters_NN2 off_II Cape_NNL1 
Jackson_NP in_II the_AT Marlborough_NP1 Sounds_VVZ ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 's_VBZ nobody_PN1 's_GE fault_NN1 that_CST she_PPHS1 
lies_VVZ there_RL *-_- with_IW over_II *+_NULL $100_NNU million_NNO of_IO 
somebody_PN1 's_GE money_NN1 and_CC one_MC1 dead_JJ seaman_NN1 trapped_VVD 
inside_II her_PPHO1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL So_RR far_RR nobody_PN1 is_VBZ accountable_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT Ministry_NNJ of_IO Transport_NN1 says_VVZ it_PPH1 does_VDZ 
not_XX know_VVI for_RR21 certain_RR22 that_CST senior_JJ Russian_JJ 
officers_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN punished_VVN *-_- although_CS our_APPGE 
news_NN1 media_NN has_VHZ reported_VVN this_DD1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Marlborough_NP1 Harbour_NP1 Board_NNJ says_VVZ it_PPH1 
is_VBZ not_XX to_TO blame_VVI ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 offered_VVD no_AT heartfelt_JJ regrets_NN2 *-_- but_CCB 
has_VHZ asked_VVN the_AT Russians_NN2 to_TO take_VVI it_PPH1 away_RP ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL And_CC Captain_NNB Don_NP1 Jamison_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS 
piloted_VVD the_AT ship_NN1 on_II its_APPGE fatal_JJ course_NN1 *-_- is_VBZ 
he_PPHS1 to_TO blame_VVI ?_? 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Should_VM this_DD1 concern_VVI you_PPY ?_? 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 certainly_RR should_VM ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ the_AT story_NN1 of_IO three_MC men_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 takes_VVZ place_NN1 in_II a_AT1 small_JJ town_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Just_RR below_II the_AT surface_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL Maybe_RR it_PPH1 could_VM only_RR happen_VVI in_II 
a_AT1 small_JJ town_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Loyalties_NN2 run_VV0 deep_RR ,_, between_II the_AT comparatively_RR 
small_JJ numbers_NN2 of_IO businesses_NN2 and_CC their_APPGE workers_NN2 ,_, 
between_II the_AT bowling_NN1 clubs_NN2 ,_, rowing_VVG clubs_NN2 ,_, {_NULL 
RSA_NP1 }_NULL ,_, Chambers_NP1 of_IO Commerce_NN1 *-_- the_AT 
organisations_NN2 that_CST make_VV0 up_RP the_AT fabric_NN1 of_IO male_JJ 
connections_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Old_JJ mates_NN2 work_VV0 and_CC play_VV0 together_RL ._. 

^ ^_NULL Their_APPGE kids_NN2 marry_VV0 each_PPX221 other_PPX222 ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL make_VV0 allowances_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL There_EX 's_VBZ an_AT1 unwritten_JJ code_NN1 of_IO fellowship_NN1 
that_CST rejects_VVZ the_AT outsider_NN1 until_CS he_PPHS1 knuckles_VVZ 
under_RP to_II the_AT majority_NN view_NN1 and_CC rejects_VVZ the_AT 
professional_JJ man_NN1 because_CS his_APPGE education_NN1 makes_VVZ him_PPHO1 
a_AT1 little_JJ suspect_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Men_NN2 are_VBR not_XX thinkers_NN2 ,_, but_CCB doers_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL If_CS they_PPHS2 want_VV0 a_AT1 job_NN1 done_VDN ,_, they_PPHS2 
go_VV0 out_RP and_CC do_VD0 it_PPH1 ,_, and_CC to_II hell_NN1 with_IW red_JJ 
tape_NN1 *-_- that_CST 's_VBZ for_IF office_NN1 workers_NN2 ,_, who_PNQS 
sit_VV0 on_II their_APPGE backsides_NN2 and_CC make_VV0 other_JJ people_NN 
's_GE lives_NN2 complicated_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL What_DDQ 's_VBZ good_JJ for_IF one_PN1 ,_, is_VBZ good_JJ for_IF 
all_DB ._. 

^ ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ mutual_JJ back_NN1 scratching_VVG *-_- and_CC 
what_DDQ 's_VBZ wrong_JJ with_IW that_DD1 ?_? 

^ ^_NULL Is_VBZ n't_XX that_DD1 how_RRQ the_AT whole_JJ world_NN1 ticks_VVZ 
over_RP ,_, more_RRR or_CC less_DAR ?_? 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Is_VBZ there_EX room_VV0 in_II this_DD1 cosy_JJ world_NN1 ,_, 
for_IF people_NN who_PNQS delight_VV0 in_II structure_NN1 and_CC 
organisation_NN1 *-_- for_IF the_AT professional_JJ management_NN caste_NN1 
?_? 

^ ^_NULL Can_VM it_PPH1 ever_RR hope_VVI to_TO make_VVI headway_NN1 with_IW 
the_AT murky_JJ and_CC familiar_JJ cross-connections_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 small_JJ 
community_NNJ ,_, and_CC get_VV0 the_AT job_NN1 done_VDN ?_? 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Questions_NN2 like_II this_DD1 come_VV0 up_RP with_IW 
harbour_NN1 boards_NN2 ,_, and_CC similarly_RR elected_JJ bodies_NN2 ,_, 
which_DDQ can_VM get_VVI voted_VVN out_RP every_AT1 three_MC years_NNT2 ,_, 
but_CCB still_RR have_VH0 to_TO keep_VVI the_AT wheels_NN2 turning_VVG over_RP 
for_IF their_APPGE large_JJ staffs_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II an_AT1 ideal_JJ situation_NN1 ,_, the_AT elected_JJ 
boards_NN2 work_VV0 smoothly_RR with_IW their_APPGE managements_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB if_CS they_PPHS2 're_VBR at_II loggerheads_NN2 ,_, if_CS 
either_DD1 side_NN1 has_VHZ to_TO prove_VVI dominance_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ 
an_AT1 unhappy_JJ climate_NN1 in_II which_DDQ public_JJ accountability_NN1 
does_VDZ n't_XX even_RR count_VVI ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ a_AT1 story_NN1 about_II power_NN1 ,_, and_CC 
who_PNQS should_VM have_VHI it_PPH1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Just_RR by_II the_AT way_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 deals_VVZ with_IW 
public_JJ money_NN1 ,_, and_CC affects_NN2 shoreline_VV0 and_CC waters_VVZ 
all_DB New_JJ Zealanders_NP1 have_VH0 a_AT1 stake_NN1 in_RP ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT principles_NN2 involved_VVN are_VBR those_DD2 of_IO 
well-intentioned_JJ amateurism_NN1 against_II analytical_JJ 
professionalism_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL You_PPY would_VM think_VVI there_RL would_VM be_VBI a_AT1 middle_JJ 
ground_NN1 ,_, but_CCB there_EX 's_VBZ not_XX ._. 

^ ^_NULL Not_XX where_CS the_AT Marlborough_NP1 Harbour_NP1 Board_NNJ 's_VBZ 
concerned_JJ ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL The_AT story_NN1 began_VVD well_RR before_II the_AT 
night_NNT1 the_AT *1_NULL Mikhail_NP1 Lermontov_NP1 *0_NULL sank_VVD on_II 
February_NPM1 16_MC this_DD1 year_NNT1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT Marlborough_NP1 Harbour_NP1 Board_NNJ was_VBDZ already_RR 
a_AT1 troubled_JJ collection_NN1 of_IO people_NN but_CCB suddenly_RR its_APPGE 
inner_JJ problems_NN2 seemed_VVD more_RGR significant_JJ than_CSN they_PPHS2 
ever_RR had_VHD before_RT ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 began_VVD to_TO look_VVI as_CS21 if_CS22 those_DD2 
problems_NN2 might_VM have_VHI a_AT1 bearing_NN1 on_II why_RRQ the_AT *1_NULL 
Mikhail_NP1 Lermontov_NP1 *0_NULL sank_VVD ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL If_CS you_PPY think_VV0 the_AT doings_NN2 of_IO this_DD1 
harbour_NN1 board_NN1 do_VD0 n't_XX matter_VVI much_RR ,_, you_PPY 're_VBR 
wrong_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ a_AT1 wealthy_JJ little_JJ harbour_NN1 board_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL And_CC the_AT reason_NN1 is_VBZ that_CST the_AT equivalent_NN1 of_IO 
the_AT population_NN1 of_IO the_AT whole_JJ South_NP Island_NP1 of_IO this_DD1 
country_NN1 passes_VVZ through_II its_APPGE main_JJ port_NN1 at_II Picton_NP1 
each_DD1 year_NNT1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Cook_NP Strait_NNL1 rail_NN1 ferries_NN2 pay_VV0 
something_PN1 like_II *+_NULL $5_NNU million_NNO a_AT1 year_NNT1 to_II 
berth_NN1 here_RL ._. 

^ ^_NULL Big_JJ passenger_NN1 liners_NN2 have_VH0 begun_VVN to_TO put_VVI 
the_AT port_NN1 on_II their_APPGE schedules_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Thousands_NNO2 of_IO this_DD1 country_NN1 's_VHZ boaties_NN2 know_VV0 
the_AT shoreline_NN1 here_RL well_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL And_CC all_DB of_IO them_PPHO2 mean_JJ money_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Picton_NP1 is_VBZ crawling_VVG with_IW motels_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Blenheim_NP1 ,_, only_RR half_DB an_AT1 hour_NNT1 's_GE drive_NN1 
away_RL ,_, boasts_VVZ a_AT1 strangely_RR expensive_JJ antique_JJ shop_NN1 
for_IF a_AT1 small_JJ town_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Here_RL American_JJ tourists_NN2 are_VBR expected_VVN to_TO pay_VVI 
hundreds_NNO2 of_IO dollars_NNU2 for_IF small_JJ pieces_NN2 of_IO Royal_JJ 
Doulton_NP1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT doings_NN2 of_IO the_AT Marlborough_NP1 Harbour_NP1 
Board_NNJ affect_VV0 many_DA2 more_DAR people_NN than_CSN those_DD2 of_IO 
the_AT small_JJ catchment_NN1 area_NN1 who_PNQS vote_VV0 for_IF it_PPH1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL And_CC while_CS the_AT board_NN1 might_VM well_RR wish_VVI the_AT 
*1_NULL Mikhail_NP1 Lermontov_NP1 *0_NULL out_II21 of_II22 its_APPGE sight_NN1 
,_, and_CC out_II21 of_II22 its_APPGE mind_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 will_VM not_XX 
go_VVI away_RL ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL People_NN want_VV0 to_TO know_VVI this_DD1 :_: how_RRQ can_VM 
you_PPY sink_VVI a_AT1 multi-million_JJ dollar_NNU1 ship_NN1 ,_, apparently_RR 
for_IF no_AT discernible_JJ reason_NN1 ,_, and_CC get_VV0 away_RP with_IW 
it_PPH1 ?_? 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Because_CS however_RR unfair_JJ it_PPH1 may_VM seem_VVI ,_, 
that_DD1 's_VBZ exactly_RR what_DDQ seems_VVZ to_TO have_VHI happened_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL And_CC as_CS31 far_CS32 as_CS33 anyone_PN1 knows_VVZ ,_, that_DD1 
could_VM be_VBI the_AT end_NN1 of_IO the_AT matter_NN1 ,_, though_CS the_AT 
police_NN2 have_VH0 yet_RR to_TO decide_VVI whether_CSW *1_NULL they_PPHS2 
*0_NULL will_VM take_VVI any_DD action_NN1 ._. 

^ *<_NULL *6_NULL THE_AT STORY_NN1 BEGAN_VVD LIKE_II THIS_DD1 :_: *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT *1_NULL Mikhail_NP1 Lermontov_NP1 *0_NULL 
sailed_VVD out_II21 of_II22 Picton_NP1 this_DD1 year_NNT1 with_IW the_AT 
Marlborough_NP1 Harbour_NP1 Board_NNJ 's_GE chief_JJ pilot_NN1 to_TO guide_VVI 
it_PPH1 through_II the_AT Marlborough_NP1 Sounds_NN2 and_CC on_II21 to_II22 
Milford_NP Sound_NNL1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Captain_NNB Don_NP1 Jamison_NP1 was_VBDZ an_AT1 asset_NN1 to_II 
the_AT Board_NNJ in_II its_APPGE campaign_NN1 to_TO attract_VVI more_DAR 
cruise_NN1 ships_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 could_VM guide_VVI them_PPHO2 through_II both_DB2 
Marlborough_NP1 and_CC Milford_NP1 Sounds_VVZ ,_, which_DDQ made_VVD him_PPHO1 
uniquely_RR qualified_VVD in_II his_APPGE field_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT travel_NN1 brochure_NN1 described_VVD the_AT ship_NN1 
as_II *"_" 20,000_MC tons_NNU2 of_IO gleaming_VVG white_JJ elegance_NN1 **"_" 
._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 had_VHD been_VBN completely_RR refurbished_VVN at_II a_AT1 
cost_NN1 of_IO around_II *+_NULL $20_NNU million_NNO ._. 

^ ^_NULL Each_DD1 cabin_NN1 had_VHD its_APPGE own_DA bathroom_NN1 and_CC 
toilet_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL There_EX were_VBDR ladies_NN2 '_GE and_CC a_ZZ1 gentlemen_NN2 's_GE 
hairdressing_NN1 salons_NN2 on_RL21 board_RL22 ,_, there_EX was_VBDZ a_AT1 
library_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 cinema_NN1 ,_, shops_NN2 ,_, bars_NN2 ,_, games_NN2 
room_NN1 ,_, gymnasium_NN1 ,_, massage_NN1 rooms_NN2 and_CC sauna_NN1 ,_, 
laundry_NN1 ,_, hospital_NN1 ,_, and_CC a_AT1 restaurant_NN1 with_IW the_AT 
unpromising_JJ name_NN1 of_IO The_AT Leningrad_NP1 Room_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT brochure_NN1 recommended_VVD that_CST casual_JJ 
clothes_NN2 be_VBI worn_VVN ,_, with_IW rubber_JJ soled_JJ deck_NN1 shoes_NN2 
._. 

^ ^_NULL People_NN who_PNQS saw_VVD the_AT ship_NN1 in_II those_DD2 last_MD 
few_DA2 hours_NNT2 described_VVD it_PPH1 as_II looking_VVG rather_RG lovely_JJ 
,_, bathed_VVD in_II the_AT day_NNT1 's_GE last_MD rays_NN2 of_IO sunlight_NN1 
._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL At_II Shakespeare_NP Bay_NNL1 ,_, the_AT Marlborough_NP1 
Harbour_NP1 Board_NNJ plans_VVZ a_AT1 deep_JJ sea_NN1 port_NN1 to_TO 
connect_VVI with_IW future_JJ forestry_NN1 developments_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL You_PPY can_VM take_VVI a_AT1 huge_JJ ship_NN1 like_II this_DD1 
almost_RR up_II21 to_II22 the_AT edge_NN1 of_IO the_AT cliffs_NN2 ,_, the_AT 
water_NN1 is_VBZ so_RG deep_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL Captain_NNB Jamison_NP1 did_VDD this_DD1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Some_DD people_NN say_NN1 he_PPHS1 churned_VVD up_RP a_AT1 bit_NN1 
of_IO mud_NN1 while_CS he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ at_II it_PPH1 *-_- suggesting_VVG 
he_PPHS1 may_VM have_VHI been_VBN a_RR21 bit_RR22 close_VV0 to_II shallow_JJ 
water_NN1 for_IF comfort_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB there_EX were_VBDR many_DA2 people_NN wise_JJ after_II the_AT 
event_NN1 ,_, and_CC many_DA2 rumours_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Captain_NNB Jamison_NP1 piloted_VVD the_AT ship_NN1 through_II 
Tory_NP Channel_NNL1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL By_II all_DB accounts_VVZ this_DD1 can_VM be_VBI frightening_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT Russians_NN2 were_VBDR alarmed_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 called_VVD for_IF a_AT1 rear_JJ thrust_NN1 of_IO the_AT 
engine_NN1 to_TO get_VVI the_AT ship_NN1 through_II a_AT1 manoeuvre_NN1 ,_, 
but_CCB the_AT engine_NN1 was_VBDZ not_XX ready_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Anxious_JJ moments_NN2 went_VVD by_RP while_CS the_AT pilot_NN1 
showed_VVD his_APPGE expertise_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT ship_NN1 got_VVD 
through_RP safely_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL Russian_JJ crewmen_NN2 were_VBDR impressed_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 felt_VVD he_PPHS1 knew_VVD his_APPGE job_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Maps_NN2 show_VV0 clearly_RR how_RGQ far_RR Captain_NNB 
Jamison_NP1 's_GE pilot_NN1 's_VBZ licence_NN1 extended_VVD ._. 

^ ^_NULL A_AT1 question_NN1 that_CST remains_VVZ unanswered_JJ is_VBZ why_RRQ 
he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ piloting_VVG the_AT ship_NN1 after_II that_DD1 line_NN1 
was_VBDZ crossed_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL Because_CS it_PPH1 was_VBDZ not_XX far_RR over_II this_DD1 line_NN1 
that_CST he_PPHS1 gave_VVD the_AT order_NN1 to_TO enter_VVI waters_NN2 
clearly_RR marked_VVN as_CSA dangerous_JJ ,_, to_TO pass_VVI through_II a_AT1 
stretch_NN1 of_IO water_NN1 that_CST men_NN2 in_II comparatively_RR 
insignificant_JJ fishing_NN1 boats_NN2 were_VBDR nervous_JJ about_II 
crossing_NN1 ,_, and_CC which_DDQ caused_VVD the_AT ship_NN1 to_TO be_VBI 
holed_VVN and_CC to_TO disintegrate_VVI beneath_II the_AT water_NN1 like_II 
a_AT1 ruptured_JJ sardine_NN1 tin_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Some_DD passengers_NN2 were_VBDR about_RPK to_TO start_VVI 
an_AT1 aerobics_NN1 class_NN1 when_RRQ they_PPHS2 felt_VVD the_AT thump_NN1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL Others_NN2 were_VBDR at_II a_AT1 wine_NN1 and_CC vodka_NN1 
tasting_VVG ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT captain_NN1 was_VBDZ in_II his_APPGE cabin_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II accidents_NN2 like_II this_DD1 ,_, water_NN1 rushes_VVZ in_RP 
at_II such_DA a_AT1 rate_NN1 that_CST it_PPH1 would_VM fill_VVI a_AT1 
house_NN1 in_II three_MC seconds_NNT2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 seemed_VVD the_AT Russians_NN2 did_VDD not_XX quite_RR 
believe_VVI what_DDQ had_VHD happened_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 cabled_VVD Vladivostok_NP1 ,_, but_CCB they_PPHS2 
seemed_VVD reluctant_JJ to_TO accept_VVI help_NN1 from_II local_JJ 
shipping_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Thanks_II21 to_II22 the_AT efforts_NN2 of_IO the_AT rail_NN1 
ferry_NN1 *1_NULL Arahura_NP1 ,_, *0_NULL the_AT {_NULL LPG_NP }_NULL 
tanker_NN1 *1_NULL Tarahiko_NN1 ,_, *0_NULL and_CC a_AT1 flotilla_NN1 of_IO 
small_JJ boats_NN2 from_II the_AT sounds_NN2 ,_, everyone_PN1 was_VBDZ 
rescued_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL All_DB save_VV0 the_AT Russian_JJ crewman_NN1 who_PNQS may_VM well_RR 
have_VHI been_VBN killed_VVN at_II the_AT start_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT day_NNT1 after_II our_APPGE newspapers_NN2 first_MD 
reported_VVD the_AT sinking_NN1 ,_, the_AT chairman_NN1 of_IO the_AT 
Marlborough_NP1 Harbour_NP1 Board_NNJ ,_, Bruno_NP1 Dalliessi_NP1 ,_, 
announced_VVD that_CST Captain_NNB Jamison_NP1 's_GE legal_JJ 
responsibility_NN1 for_IF the_AT ship_NN1 had_VHD ended_VVN at_II Long_JJ 
Island_NN1 ,_, opposite_JJ Ship_NN1 's_VBZ Cove_NP1 ,_, and_CC well_RR 
short_JJ of_IO the_AT cape_NN1 where_RRQ the_AT ship_NN1 went_VVD down_RP ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ making_VVG it_PPH1 clear_VVI that_CST his_APPGE 
board_NN1 would_VM not_XX pay_VVI the_AT bills_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Of_RR21 course_RR22 ,_, there_EX would_VM be_VBI an_AT1 inquiry_NN1 
._. 

^ *<_NULL *6_NULL OF_RR21 COURSE_RR22 THERE_EX WOULD_VM BE_VBI AN_AT1 
INQUIRY_NN1 ..._... 

^ *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Right_RR away_RL ,_, Captain_NNB Steve_NP1 
Ponsford_NP1 ,_, of_IO the_AT Marine_JJ Division_NNJ of_IO the_AT Ministry_NNJ 
of_IO Transport_NN1 was_VBDZ told_VVN to_TO conduct_VVI a_AT1 preliminary_JJ 
inquiry_NN1 into_II the_AT sinking_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL After_CS this_DD1 ,_, he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ to_TO report_VVI to_II the_AT 
Minister_NN1 of_IO Transport_NN1 ,_, Richard_NP1 Prebble_NP1 ,_, on_II 
whether_CSW a_AT1 full_JJ marine_JJ inquiry_NN1 should_VM be_VBI held_VVN 
into_II the_AT sinking_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Captain_NNB Ponsford_NP1 said_VVD he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ only_RR 
interested_JJ in_II Captain_NNB Jamison_NP1 if_CSW he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ 
navigating_VVG the_AT liner_NN1 during_II the_AT grounding_NN1 ,_, or_CC 
was_VBDZ on_II the_AT bridge_NN1 at_II a_AT1 critical_JJ time_NNT1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Captain_NNB Jamison_NP1 said_VVD nothing_PN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Bruno_NP1 Dalliessi_NP1 said_VVD that_CST since_II being_VBG 
hired_VVN by_II the_AT harbour_NN1 board_NN1 in_II 1970_MC ,_, Captain_NNB 
Jamison_NP1 had_VHD piloted_VVN 20_MC to_II 30_MC cruise_NN1 ships_NN2 in_II 
the_AT area_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 said_VVD he_PPHS1 had_VHD every_AT1 confidence_NN1 in_II 
Captain_NNB Jamison_NP1 's_GE abilities_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Since_II coming_VVG to_II Picton_NP1 ,_, Captain_NNB Jamison_NP1 
had_VHD become_VVN a_AT1 well_RR respected_JJ member_NN1 of_IO the_AT 
community_NNJ ,_, involved_JJ in_II the_AT local_JJ yacht_NN1 club_NN ,_, 
on_II the_AT board_NN1 of_IO the_AT Queen_NNB Charlotte_NP1 College_NN1 
board_NN1 of_IO governors_NN2 ,_, and_CC running_JJ navigational_JJ 
courses_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT next_MD day_NNT1 it_PPH1 was_VBDZ reported_VVN that_CST 
Captain_NNB Jamison_NP1 had_VHD helped_VVN write_VVI a_AT1 book_NN1 which_DDQ 
said_VVD the_AT area_NN1 where_RRQ the_AT ship_NN1 was_VBDZ holed_VVN was_VBDZ 
*"_" best_RRT avoided_VVN in_II bad_JJ weather_NN1 conditions_NN2 **"_" ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Nothing_PN1 was_VBDZ coming_VVG out_II21 of_II22 the_AT 
inquiry_NN1 ,_, but_CCB a_AT1 comment_NN1 from_II Captain_NNB Ponsford_NP1 
that_CST the_AT Russian_JJ captain_NN1 was_VBDZ very_JJ co_NNJ 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL -_- operative_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Captain_NNB Jamison_NP1 appeared_VVD at_II the_AT inquiry_NN1 on_II 
February_NPM1 24_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 seemed_VVD like_II a_AT1 shock_NN1 when_RRQ the_AT 
official_JJ news_NN1 came_VVD through_RP from_II the_AT preliminary_JJ 
inquiry_NN1 :_: that_CST Captain_NNB Jamison_NP1 was_VBDZ navigating_VVG 
the_AT ship_NN1 when_CS it_PPH1 ran_VVD aground_RL ,_, and_CC that_CST the_AT 
Russian_JJ crew_NN1 was_VBDZ exonerated_VVN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL \_NULL Mr_NNB Dalliessi_NP1 said_VVD *"_" ^_NULL I_PPIS1 
feel_VV0 sorry_JJ for_IF Captain_NNB Jamison_NP1 ,_, but_CCB I_PPIS1 ca_VM 
n't_XX say_VVI more_DAR than_CSN that_CST because_CS I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ n't_XX 
there_RL and_CC I_PPIS1 have_VH0 n't_XX read_VVN the_AT full_JJ report_NN1 
yet_RR ._. **"_" 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 confirmed_VVD Captain_NNB Jamison_NP1 in_II his_APPGE 
job_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL After_CS the_AT Ponsford_NP1 report_VV0 the_AT government_NN had_VHD 
the_AT option_NN1 of_IO opening_VVG a_AT1 public_JJ inquiry_NN1 by_II a_AT1 
senior_JJ lawyer_NN1 or_CC district_NN1 court_NN1 judge_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Such_DA an_AT1 inquiry_NN1 is_VBZ usually_RR held_VVN if_CSW major_JJ 
questions_NN2 are_VBR left_VVN unresolved_JJ after_II a_AT1 preliminary_JJ 
inquiry_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 was_VBDZ not_XX to_TO be_VBI ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ puzzling_VVG ,_, when_CS \_NULL Mr_NNB 
Prebble_NP1 announced_VVD this_DD1 on_II March_NPM1 6_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL \_NULL Mr_NNB Prebble_NP1 said_VVD a_AT1 further_JJR inquiry_NN1 
would_VM serve_VVI no_AT useful_JJ purpose_NN1 *-_- giving_VVG the_AT lie_NN1 
to_II government_NN sources_NN2 there_EX was_VBDZ no_AT way_NN1 a_AT1 
disaster_NN1 like_II this_DD1 could_VM happen_VVI without_IW a_AT1 
full-scale_JJ inquiry_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL And_CC what_DDQ of_IO Captain_NNB Jamison_NP1 ?_? 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 surrendered_VVD one_MC1 of_IO his_APPGE pilot_NN1 's_VHZ 
licences_NN2 to_II the_AT Marlborough_NP1 Harbour_NP1 Board_NNJ when_RRQ 
the_AT Ponsford_NP1 report_NN1 came_VVD out_RP ._. 

^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL A_AT1 maritime_JJ law_NN1 
expert_NN1 said_VVD the_AT harbour_NN1 pilot_NN1 who_PNQS caused_VVD 
damage_NN1 *"_" by_II neglect_NN1 or_CC want_NN1 of_IO skill_NN1 **"_" 
was_VBDZ only_RR liable_JJ to_TO forfeit_VVI a_AT1 *+_NULL $2,000_NNU bond_NN1 
and_CC the_AT pilotage_NN1 fee_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 would_VM have_VHI to_TO be_VBI shown_VVN he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ 
negligent_JJ for_IF a_AT1 civil_JJ action_NN1 to_TO take_VVI place_NN1 ,_, 
but_CCB the_AT expert_NN1 queries_VVZ whether_CSW this_DD1 would_VM be_VBI 
worthwhile_JJ ,_, given_VVN the_AT1 small_JJ amount_NN1 that_CST could_VM 
be_VBI won_VVN from_II a_AT1 private_JJ individual_NN1 ._. 

^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Incredibly_NP1 ,_, it_PPH1 now_RT 
seemed_VVD that_CST Captain_NNB Jamison_NP1 would_VM be_VBI fined_VVN or_CC 
censured_VVD by_II nobody_PN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 seemed_VVD so_RG strange_JJ that_CST even_RR the_AT Prime_JJ 
Minister_NN1 remarked_VVD that_CST people_NN were_VBDR entitled_VVN to_TO 
know_VVI why_RRQ Captain_NNB Jamison_NP1 had_VHD made_VVN this_DD1 great_JJ 
blunder_NN1 ,_, incompatible_JJ with_IW his_APPGE years_NNT2 of_IO 
experience_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL He_PPHS1 said_VVD something_PN1 else_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL David_NP1 Lange_NP1 noted_VVD that_CST Captain_NNB Jamison_NP1 
had_VHD been_VBN involved_JJ in_II court_NN1 proceedings_NN2 concerning_II 
the_AT Marlborough_NP1 Harbour_NP1 Board_NNJ ,_, and_CC that_CST it_PPH1 
was_VBDZ possible_JJ he_PPHS1 had_VHD been_VBN working_VVG long_JJ hours_NNT2 
under_II stressful_JJ conditions_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 understood_VVD Captain_NNB Jamison_NP1 had_VHD been_VBN 
in_II a_AT1 situation_NN1 *"_" fraught_JJ with_IW tension_NN1 **"_" for_IF 
some_DD time_NNT1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL This_DD1 was_VBDZ the_AT first_MD most_RGT people_NN had_VHD 
heard_VVN of_IO the_AT board_NN1 's_GE long-running_JJ battle_NN1 to_TO 
sack_VVI its_APPGE general_JJ manager_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Its_APPGE case_NN1 against_II him_PPHO1 had_VHD carried_VVN on_RP 
since_II 1983_MC ,_, as_CSA it_PPH1 happens_VVZ ,_, and_CC it_PPH1 is_VBZ 
estimated_VVN that_CST it_PPH1 has_VHZ cost_VVN the_AT board_NN1 close_RR 
to_II *+_NULL $250,000_NNU ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT man_NN1 they_PPHS2 want_VV0 to_TO sack_VVI is_VBZ 
Mike_NP1 Goulden_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 ,_, Bruno_NP1 Dalliessi_NP1 and_CC Don_NP1 Jamison_NP1 
are_VBR the_AT three_MC men_NN2 with_IW a_AT1 story_NN1 to_TO tell_VVI 
that_DD1 dovetails_VVZ with_IW that_DD1 of_IO the_AT *1_NULL Mikhail_NP1 
Lermontov_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL *0_NULL They_PPHS2 are_VBR important_JJ men_NN2 in_II Blenheim_NP1 
,_, population_NN1 12,000_MC and_CC in_II Picton_NP1 ,_, population_NN1 
considerably_RR less_RRR ._. 

^ *<_NULL *6_NULL BUT_CCB LET_VM21 'S_VM22 NOT_XX FORGET_VVI THE_AT 
TELEVISION_NN1 INQUIRY_NN1 ..._... 

^ *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Baffled_JJ ,_, like_II so_RG many_DA2 others_NN2 ,_, 
by_II the_AT strange_JJ fizzling-out_NN1 of_IO the_AT Lermontov_NP1 
inquiry_NN1 ,_, *1_NULL Close-Up_JJ *0_NULL reporter_NN1 Carol_NP1 de_NP1 
Colville_NP1 decided_VVD to_TO tackle_VVI the_AT Ponsford_NP1 report_NN1 ._. 

^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 148+TEXT+F05_FO **]_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL New_JJ Zealanders_NP1 and_CC ,_, I_PPIS1 suspect_VV0 
,_, Australians_NN2 have_VH0 become_VVN boring_JJ to_II audiences_NN2 
outside_II our_APPGE shores_NN2 in_II denouncing_VVG agricultural_JJ 
protectionism_NN1 and_CC the_AT damaging_JJ things_NN2 it_PPH1 has_VHZ 
done_VDN to_II their_APPGE two_MC economies_NN2 over_II the_AT past_JJ 
twenty-five_MC years_NNT2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 seethe_VV0 at_II what_DDQ they_PPHS2 see_VV0 as_II the_AT 
utterly_RR cynical_JJ and_CC ruthless_JJ behaviour_NN1 of_IO certain_JJ 
wealthy_JJ countries_NN2 with_IW an_AT1 alleged_JJ tradition_NN1 of_IO 
economic_JJ liberalism_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL However_RR ,_, concern_NN1 about_II this_DD1 subject_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 
matter_NN1 of_IO self-interest_NN1 for_IF every_AT1 country_NN1 which_DDQ 
makes_VVZ up_RP the_AT Pacific_NP Basin_NNL1 Economic_JJ Council_NNJ ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT fact_NN1 is_VBZ that_CST ,_, internationally_RR ,_, 
there_EX is_VBZ structural_JJ over-supply_NN1 of_IO most_RGT agricultural_JJ 
commodities_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT principal_JJ cause_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN price_NN1 support_NN1 
programmes_NN2 and_CC protection_NN1 policies_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT distortions_NN2 they_PPHS2 are_VBR creating_VVG are_VBR 
growing_VVG and_CC the_AT impact_NN1 on_II other_JJ producing_JJ countries_NN2 
and_CC international_JJ trade_NN1 is_VBZ destructive_JJ ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT problem_NN1 is_VBZ that_CST most_DAT countries_NN2 
have_VH0 tended_VVN to_TO approach_VVI the_AT problems_NN2 of_IO 
agriculture_NN1 as_CSA something_PN1 special_JJ *-_- an_AT1 issue_NN1 that_CST 
can_VM be_VBI dealt_VVN with_IW in_II isolation_NN1 from_II the_AT rest_NN1 
of_IO the_AT domestic_JJ economy_NN1 and_CC the_AT international_JJ trading_JJ 
system_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Many_DA2 people_NN have_VH0 sentimental_JJ and_CC traditional_JJ 
views_NN2 of_IO agriculture_NN1 and_CC quite_RG wrongly_RR do_VD0 not_XX 
expect_VVI it_PPH1 to_TO show_VVI the_AT vitality_NN1 and_CC adaptability_NN1 
of_IO other_JJ industries_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II some_DD countries_NN2 farmers_NN2 have_VH0 a_AT1 rather_RG 
undemocratic_JJ share_NN1 of_IO political_JJ power_NN1 which_DDQ has_VHZ 
further_RRR encouraged_VVN governments_NNJ2 to_TO give_VVI excessive_JJ 
protection_NN1 ._. 

^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Alarming_JJ threat_NN1 *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Wherever_RRQV it_PPH1 exists_VVZ agricultural_JJ 
protection_NN1 is_VBZ creating_VVG an_AT1 increasing_JJ restraint_NN1 on_II 
domestic_JJ economic_JJ growth_NN1 and_CC an_AT1 alarming_JJ threat_NN1 to_II 
world_NN1 trade_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II its_APPGE own_DA interests_NN2 every_AT1 country_NN1 must_VM 
bring_VVI these_DD2 policies_NN2 under_II review_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT first_MD place_NN1 to_TO consider_VVI the_AT impact_NN1 
of_IO agricultural_JJ protection_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT domestic_JJ economy_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Modern_JJ economic_JJ theory_NN1 and_CC the_AT practical_JJ 
evidence_NN1 of_IO the_AT last_MD couple_NN1 of_IO decades_NNT2 
demonstrates_VVZ that_CST countries_NN2 and_CC industries_NN2 which_DDQ 
have_VH0 achieved_VVN the_AT best_JJT income_NN1 and_CC employment_NN1 
growth_NN1 are_VBR those_DD2 which_DDQ have_VH0 remained_VVN flexible_JJ 
and_CC have_VH0 continuously_RR reallocated_VVN their_APPGE resources_NN2 
to_II areas_NN2 of_IO competitive_JJ advantage_NN1 which_DDQ yield_VV0 the_AT 
highest_RRT real_JJ return_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Efficient_JJ resource_NN1 allocation_NN1 is_VBZ best_RRT achieved_VVN 
by_II removing_VVG artificial_JJ price_NN1 distortions_NN2 and_CC barriers_NN2 
to_II competitive_JJ pressure_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL What_DDQ is_VBZ more_RRR ,_, the_AT very_JJ removal_NN1 of_IO such_DA 
obstructions_NN2 will_VM often_RR result_VVI in_II restructuring_VVG that_CST 
makes_VVZ the_AT protected_JJ industry_NN1 efficient_JJ and_CC competitive_JJ 
._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT more_RGR open_JJ economies_NN2 of_IO the_AT Pacific_NP1 
basin_NN1 have_VH0 maintained_VVN their_APPGE growth_NN1 rates_NN2 by_II 
being_VBG better_JJR at_II allowing_VVG uncompetitive_JJ industries_NN2 to_TO 
decline_VVI while_CS new_JJ ones_NN2 grow_VV0 ._. 

^ ^_NULL There_EX has_VHZ ,_, however_RR ,_, been_VBN a_AT1 disturbing_JJ 
failure_NN1 to_TO reduce_VVI protection_NN1 in_II problem_NN1 industries_NN2 
,_, particularly_RR agriculture_NN1 ,_, in_II North_NP America_NP1 and_CC 
Japan_NP1 and_CC there_EX are_VBR trends_NN2 towards_II similar_JJ errors_NN2 
in_II Asian_JJ newly_RR industrialised_JJ countries_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL With_IW the_AT recovery_NN1 from_II the_AT recent_JJ recession_NN1 
,_, favourable_JJ currency_NN1 realignments_NN2 and_CC oil_NN1 price_NN1 
reductions_NN2 ,_, there_EX has_VHZ never_RR been_VBN a_AT1 better_JJR 
time_NNT1 than_CSN now_CS for_IF a_AT1 really_RR determined_JJ attempt_NN1 
at_II further_JJR trade_NN1 liberalisation_NN1 ._. 

^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Problem_NN1 industries_NN2 *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Many_DA2 parts_NN2 of_IO agriculture_NN1 are_VBR in_II 
the_AT front_JJ rank_NN1 of_IO problem_NN1 industries_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ 
also_RR include_VV0 such_DA areas_NN2 as_CSA textiles_NN2 ,_, ship_NN1 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL -_- building_NN1 and_CC steel_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Assistance_NN1 to_II these_DD2 industries_NN2 is_VBZ a_AT1 tax_NN1 
on_II all_DB others_NN2 ,_, particularly_RR exporters_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT rates_NN2 of_IO assistance_NN1 on_II milk_NN1 and_CC beef_NN1 
and_CC some_DD other_JJ farm_NN1 products_NN2 in_II the_AT major_JJ 
industrial_JJ countries_NN2 is_VBZ **[_NULL sic_RR **]_NULL now_RT 
astronomical_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL These_DD2 interventions_NN2 are_VBR highly_RR regressive_JJ in_II 
their_APPGE impact_NN1 on_II the_AT population_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL High_JJ food_NN1 prices_NN2 hit_VVD the_AT poorest_JJT sectors_NN2 
of_IO the_AT population_NN1 worst_RRT ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT argument_NN1 that_CST subsidies_NN2 and_CC 
protection_NN1 are_VBR necessary_JJ to_TO maintain_VVI employment_NN1 is_VBZ 
hollow_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL A_AT1 recent_JJ study_NN1 by_II the_AT Institute_NNJ for_IF 
International_JJ Economics_NN in_II the_AT United_NP States_NP1 showed_VVD 
that_CST the_AT cost_NN1 of_IO import_NN1 controls_VVZ to_TO protect_VVI a_AT1 
number_NN1 of_IO American_JJ industries_NN2 from_II foreign_JJ competition_NN1 
was_VBDZ {_NULL US_NP }_NULL *+_NULL $56_NNU billion_NNO in_II 1984_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT dairy_NN1 industry_NN1 it_PPH1 was_VBDZ {_NULL US_NP 
}_NULL *+_NULL $5.5_NNU billion_NNO and_CC ,_, more_RGR significantly_RR ,_, 
the_AT cost_NN1 per_II each_DD1 job_NN1 saved_VVD was_VBDZ {_NULL US_NP }_NULL 
*+_NULL $220,000_NNU per_RA21 annum_RA22 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Some_DD of_IO this_DD1 money_NN1 would_VM have_VHI been_VBN more_RGR 
effectively_RR spent_VVN in_II assisting_VVG in_II the_AT restructuring_NN1 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL of_IO the_AT industry_NN1 and_CC the_AT 
retraining_NN1 and_CC relocation_NN1 of_IO workers_NN2 ._. 

^ *<_NULL *4_NULL National_JJ security_NN1 *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Another_DD1 argument_NN1 that_CST does_VDZ not_XX 
stand_VVI scrutiny_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT suggestion_NN1 that_DD1 
self-sufficiency_NN1 in_II food_NN1 production_NN1 is_VBZ necessary_JJ for_IF 
reasons_NN2 of_IO national_JJ security_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 ignores_VVZ the_AT interdependent_JJ world_NN1 we_PPIS2 
live_VV0 in_RP and_CC the_AT fact_NN1 that_CST a_AT1 country_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX 
self-sufficient_JJ if_CSW it_PPH1 needs_VVZ to_TO import_VVI energy_NN1 ,_, 
feed_NN1 grains_NN2 and_CC fertiliser_NN1 to_TO meet_VVI its_APPGE food_NN1 
consumption_NN1 needs_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ no_AT case_NN1 for_IF treating_VVG the_AT 
protection_NN1 of_IO agriculture_NN1 differently_RR from_II manufacturing_VVG 
._. 

^ ^_NULL Anne_NP1 Krueger_NP1 of_IO the_AT World_NN1 Bank_NN1 commented_VVD 
recently_RR that_DD1 :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL *<_NULL *4_NULL 
Domestic_JJ incentives_NN2 *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Too_RG many_DA2 countries_NN2 have_VH0 become_VVN 
conditioned_VVD to_TO think_VVI that_CST the_AT removal_NN1 of_IO 
protection_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 matter_NN1 of_IO waiting_VVG for_IF reciprocal_JJ 
dismantling_NN1 of_IO barriers_NN2 in_II multilateral_JJ trade_NN1 
negotiations_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL However_RR ,_, national_JJ interests_NN2 lie_VV0 primarily_RR in_II 
setting_VVG correct_JJ domestic_JJ incentives_NN2 ,_, whatever_DDQV the_AT 
world_NN1 environment_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Action_NN1 by_II other_JJ countries_NN2 is_VBZ a_AT1 bonus_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ like_II smoking_VVG in_II a_AT1 smoke_NN1 filled_VVD 
room_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Most_DAT of_IO the_AT health_NN1 damage_NN1 to_II an_AT1 
individual_JJ smoker_NN1 is_VBZ reduced_VVN by_II independently_RR 
quitting_VVG ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 gets_VVZ further_JJR benefits_NN2 if_CS others_NN2 quit_VV0 
too_RR ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT recognition_NN1 of_IO the_AT domestic_JJ origins_NN2 
of_IO protection_NN1 and_CC industry_NN1 intervention_NN1 points_NN2 to_II 
the_AT need_NN1 for_IF domestic_JJ solutions_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 requires_VVZ a_AT1 recognition_NN1 of_IO the_AT effect_NN1 
on_II other_JJ industries_NN2 and_CC sectors_NN2 of_IO the_AT economy_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ a_AT1 good_JJ reason_NN1 for_IF insisting_VVG that_CST 
any_DD protection_NN1 is_VBZ given_VVN in_II a_ZZ1 form_VV0 that_DD1 is_VBZ 
transparent_JJ and_CC can_VM be_VBI measured_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL Realisation_NN1 of_IO the_AT distortions_NN2 being_VBG created_VVN 
and_CC their_APPGE cost_NN1 can_VM mobilise_VVI widespread_JJ support_NN1 
for_IF change_NN1 ,_, especially_RR if_CSW reductions_NN2 in_II all_DB 
distortions_NN2 are_VBR pursued_VVN in_II an_AT1 even-handed_JJ way_NN1 ._. 

^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Classic_JJ case_NN1 *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL In_II this_DD1 regard_NN1 ,_, recent_JJ policy_NN1 
changes_NN2 in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 are_VBR interesting_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL New_NP Zealand_NP1 has_VHZ been_VBN a_AT1 classic_JJ case_NN1 of_IO 
a_AT1 country_NN1 whose_DDQGE economic_JJ policies_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN 
manipulated_VVN by_II sectoral_JJ interests_NN2 and_CC the_AT overall_JJ 
wealth-reducing_JJ effects_NN2 are_VBR only_RR just_RR being_VBG 
recognised_VVN by_II the_AT public_NN ._. 

^ ^_NULL Industry_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN highly_RR protected_VVN and_CC 
interventions_NN2 and_CC subsidies_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN widespread_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT Government_NNJ is_VBZ now_RT following_VVG a_AT1 policy_NN1 
of_IO quite_RG rapid_JJ reduction_NN1 in_II protection_NN1 and_CC subsidy_NN1 
to_II all_DB sectors_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT case_NN1 of_IO agriculture_NN1 ,_, subsidy_NN1 
benefits_NN2 have_VH0 to_II a_AT1 large_JJ extent_NN1 been_VBN absorbed_VVN 
in_II land_NN1 prices_NN2 and_CC inflated_VVN servicing_VVG costs_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Clearly_RR ,_, the_AT subsidies_NN2 attracted_VVD too_RG many_DA2 
resources_NN2 into_II some_DD forms_NN2 of_IO farming_NN1 activity_NN1 with_IW 
attendant_JJ waste_NN1 given_VVN world_NN1 market_NN1 opportunities_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT reversal_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 assistance_NN1 is_VBZ 
now_RT creating_VVG severe_JJ and_CC painful_JJ adjustment_NN1 pressures_NN2 
but_CCB there_EX is_VBZ widespread_JJ acceptance_NN1 that_CST there_EX is_VBZ 
no_AT alternative_NN1 for_IF New_NP Zealand_NP1 but_CCB to_TO carry_VVI the_AT 
adjustment_NN1 through_RP ._. 

^ ^_NULL Obviously_RR the_AT difficulties_NN2 of_IO this_DD1 adjustment_NN1 
for_IF New_NP Zealand_NP1 ,_, and_CC the_AT similar_JJ efforts_NN2 that_CST 
many_DA2 countries_NN2 need_VV0 to_TO make_VVI ,_, would_VM be_VBI eased_VVN 
by_II freer_JJR international_JJ markets_NN2 ._. 

^ *<_NULL *4_NULL High_JJ barriers_NN2 *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Because_II21 of_II22 popular_JJ domestic_JJ 
politics_NN ,_, most_DAT countries_NN2 maintain_VV0 high_JJ barriers_NN2 
against_II foreign_JJ investment_NN1 in_II agriculture_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Such_DA barriers_NN2 are_VBR seldom_RR the_AT subject_NN1 of_IO 
much_DA1 international_JJ discussion_NN1 *-_- probably_RR because_CS the_AT 
investment_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX seen_VVN as_CSA sufficiently_RR exciting_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB the_AT case_NN1 for_IF liberalising_VVG capital_NN1 flows_VVZ 
is_VBZ identical_JJ to_II those_DD2 for_IF goods_NN2 and_CC services_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Particularly_RR in_II the_AT case_NN1 of_IO agriculture_NN1 such_DA 
capital_NN1 brings_VVZ benefits_NN2 that_CST can_VM never_RR be_VBI taken_VVN 
away_RP *-_- as_II the_AT economies_NN2 of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 and_CC 
Australia_NP1 demonstrate_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Foreign_JJ capital_NN1 in_II agriculture_NN1 should_VM not_XX be_VBI 
discouraged_VVN ,_, bringing_VVG as_CSA it_PPH1 often_RR does_VDZ new_JJ 
technology_NN1 and_CC markets_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 can_VM help_VVI in_II the_AT restructuring_JJ process_NN1 
and_CC alleviate_NN1 equity_NN1 losses_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL New_NP Zealand_NP1 last_MD year_NNT1 liberalised_VVD the_AT rules_NN2 
for_IF foreign_JJ investment_NN1 in_II land_NN1 and_CC farming_NN1 for_IF 
this_DD1 very_JJ reason_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Agricultural_JJ protection_NN1 also_RR poses_VVZ a_AT1 
threat_NN1 to_II international_JJ trade_NN1 politics_NN ._. 

^ ^_NULL There_EX are_VBR three_MC central_JJ elements_NN2 :_: |_NULL __NULL 
*?_NULL 31_MC trade_NN1 frictions_NN2 among_II developed_JJ countries_NN2 
have_VH0 become_VVN key_JJ political_JJ issues_NN2 ;_; |_NULL *?_NULL 31_MC 
of_IO these_DD2 frictions_NN2 agriculture_NN1 is_VBZ probably_RR the_AT 
most_RGT difficult_JJ and_CC intractable_JJ in_II31 terms_II32 of_II33 
trade_NN1 relations_NN2 **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL amongst_II *1_NULL 
developed_JJ *0_NULL countries_NN2 ;_; |_NULL *?_NULL 31_MC we_PPIS2 will_VM 
shortly_RR begin_VVI a_AT1 new_JJ multilateral_NN1 negotiating_VVG round_II 
that_DD1 is_VBZ in_II many_DA2 respects_NN2 the_AT last_MD chance_NN1 for_IF 
{_NULL GATT_NP1 }_NULL ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT extent_NN1 to_II which_DDQ the_AT three_MC major_JJ powers_NN2 
in_II world_NN1 trade_NN1 *-_- Japan_NP1 ,_, the_AT United_NP States_NP1 
and_CC the_AT European_JJ Community_NN *-_- can_VM come_VVI to_II grips_NN2 
with_IW their_APPGE agricultural_JJ sectors_NN2 will_VM essentially_RR 
determine_VVI whether_CSW this_DD1 new_JJ round_NN1 makes_VVZ real_JJ 
progress_NN1 or_CC just_JJ tails_NN2 off_RP into_II almost_RR indefinite_JJ 
discussions_NN2 ._. 

^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Political_JJ agenda_NN1 *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ not_XX the_AT first_MD time_NNT1 
trade_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN at_II the_AT top_NN1 of_IO the_AT political_JJ 
agenda_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB it_PPH1 is_VBZ fifty_MC years_NNT2 since_CS the_AT beggar_NN1 
thy_APPGE neighbour_NN1 policies_NN2 of_IO the_AT 1930s_MC2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT exclusion_NN1 of_IO agriculture_NN1 from_II effective_JJ 
international_JJ rules_NN2 was_VBDZ probably_RR the_AT biggest_JJT mistake_NN1 
the_AT United_NP States_NP1 made_VVD in_II designing_VVG the_AT postwar_JJ 
international_JJ economic_JJ system_NN1 *-_- the_AT International_JJ 
Monetary_JJ Fund_NN1 ,_, {_NULL GATT_NP1 }_NULL and_RR31 so_RR32 on_RR33 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT United_NP States_NP1 has_VHZ never_RR been_VBN able_JK to_TO 
rectify_VVI that_DD1 mistake_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Parts_NN2 of_IO their_APPGE own_DA agricultural_JJ sector_NN1 are_VBR 
in_II deep_JJ trouble_NN1 because_II21 of_II22 it_PPH1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL European_JJ agriculture_NN1 is_VBZ in_II a_AT1 worse_JJR state_NN1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL Japanese_JJ agriculture_NN1 is_VBZ similarly_RR the_AT most_RGT 
important_JJ constraint_NN1 on_II the_AT ability_NN1 of_IO the_AT Japanese_JJ 
Government_NNJ to_TO push_VVI forward_RL with_IW comprehensive_JJ import_NN1 
liberalisation_NN1 in_II their_APPGE own_DA market_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL As_II the_AT developed_JJ country_NN1 with_IW the_AT most_RRT to_TO 
lose_VVI from_II people_NN turning_VVG away_II21 from_II22 multilateralism_NN1 
,_, that_DD1 could_VM cost_VVI Japan_NP1 dearly_RR ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL For_IF the_AT major_JJ countries_NN2 *-_- the_AT big_JJ 
three_MC *-_- agriculture_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT *1_NULL most_RGT *0_NULL 
difficult_JJ issue_NN1 ,_, because_CS after_II forty_MC years_NNT2 of_IO no_AT 
effective_JJ international_JJ rules_NN2 much_DA1 of_IO their_APPGE 
respective_JJ agricultural_JJ sectors_NN2 is_VBZ almost_RR completely_RR 
divorced_VVN from_II world_NN1 prices_NN2 ._. 

^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Sensitive_JJ issues_NN2 *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL We_PPIS2 are_VBR coming_VVG up_II21 to_II22 a_AT1 
new_JJ Multilateral_JJ Trade_NN1 Negotiation_NN1 and_CC there_EX are_VBR a_AT1 
number_NN1 of_IO very_RG sensitive_JJ issues_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 
services_NN2 ,_, investment_NN1 ,_, intellectual_JJ property_NN1 ,_, 
safeguards_NN2 and_CC the_AT like_JJ on_II the_AT negotiating_JJ agenda_NN1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL None_PN of_IO them_PPHO2 will_VM finally_RR prove_VVI as_RG 
dangerous_JJ to_II the_AT whole_JJ process_NN1 of_IO the_AT new_JJ round_JJ 
as_CSA agriculture_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Agriculture_NN1 is_VBZ fundamentally_RR different_JJ because_CS 
world_NN1 trade_NN1 in_II agriculture_NN1 is_VBZ all_RR about_II relations_NN2 
amongst_II the_AT major_JJ developed_JJ countries_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Japanese_JJ action_NN1 programme_NN1 ,_, 
concentrating_VVG as_CSA it_PPH1 does_VDZ on_II industrial_JJ products_NN2 ,_, 
is_VBZ unlikely_JJ to_TO have_VHI much_RR impact_VV0 on_II increasing_VVG 
imports_NN2 into_II Japan_NP1 ,_, which_DDQ was_VBDZ its_APPGE aim_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB if_CS the_AT Japanese_JJ Government_NNJ *1_NULL had_VHD 
*0_NULL included_VVN agriculture_NN1 *-_- and_CC we_PPIS2 know_VV0 why_RRQ 
they_PPHS2 did_VDD not_XX *-_- what_DDQ a_AT1 difference_NN1 that_CST would_VM 
have_VHI made_VVN ._. 

^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Bigger_JJR issue_NN1 *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL A_AT1 much_RR bigger_JJR issue_NN1 than_CSN the_AT 
action_NN1 programme_NN1 is_VBZ coming_VVG up_RP *-_- namely_REX the_AT new_JJ 
Multilateral_JJ Trade_NN1 Negotiation_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Japan_NP1 will_VM have_VHI to_TO make_VVI its_APPGE own_DA 
decision_NN1 as_II21 to_II22 whether_CSW it_PPH1 wants_VVZ to_TO run_VVI 
the_AT argument_NN1 that_CST comparative_JJ advantage_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 one_MC1 
way_NN1 street_NN1 or_CC a_ZZ1 two_MC way_NN1 street_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Those_DD2 of_IO us_PPIO2 who_PNQS have_VH0 a_AT1 track_NN1 record_NN1 
of_IO supporting_VVG Japan_NP1 strongly_RR *-_- who_PNQS understand_VV0 
that_CST Japan_NP1 's_GE extraordinary_JJ success_NN1 in_II industrial_JJ 
goods_NN2 is_VBZ not_XX by_RR31 and_RR32 large_RR33 based_VVN on_II unfair_JJ 
trading_JJ practices_NN2 *-_- will_VM be_VBI watching_VVG closely_RR to_TO 
see_VVI what_DDQ fundamental_JJ approach_NN1 Japan_NP1 takes_VVZ to_II 
agriculture_NN1 when_RRQ the_AT new_JJ round_NN1 gets_VVZ underway_RR ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Agriculture_NN1 is_VBZ politically_RR difficult_JJ enough_RR 
for_IF Japan_NP1 but_CCB one_PN1 wonders_VVZ whether_CSW the_AT European_JJ 
Economic_JJ Community_NNJ has_VHZ almost_RR got_VVN beyond_II the_AT point_NN1 
of_IO no_AT return_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Japan_NP1 's_GE decisionmakers_NN2 can_VM make_VVI their_APPGE own_DA 
trade-offs_NN2 between_II incurring_VVG domestic_JJ political_JJ pain_NN1 
and_CC protecting_VVG Japan_NP1 's_GE enormous_JJ longterm_NN1 interests_NN2 
in_II ensuring_VVG that_CST countries_NN2 do_VD0 not_XX simply_RR turn_VVI 
away_II21 from_II22 multilateral_JJ solutions_NN2 *-_- which_DDQ is_VBZ the_AT 
real_JJ issue_NN1 in_II this_DD1 new_JJ round_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Can_VM the_AT European_JJ Commission_NNJ seek_VV0 that_DD1 
sort_NN1 of_IO trade-off_JJ ,_, or_CC are_VBR they_PPHS2 any_RR21 longer_RR22 
interested_JJ in_II the_AT rest_NN1 of_IO the_AT world_NN1 ?_? 

^ ^_NULL Is_VBZ the_AT European_JJ Community_NN now_RT so_RG big_JJ ,_, so_RG 
complex_JJ ,_, so_RG politically_RR demanding_JJ that_CST they_PPHS2 have_VH0 
got_VVN past_II the_AT point_NN1 where_RRQ they_PPHS2 can_VM change_VVI 
their_APPGE policies_NN2 to_TO accommodate_VVI the_AT rest_NN1 of_IO the_AT 
world_NN1 ?_? 

^ ^_NULL If_CS so_CS the_AT sclerosis_NN1 that_CST has_VHZ afflicted_VVN 
their_APPGE productivity_NN1 performance_NN1 and_CC their_APPGE job_NN1 
markets_VVZ in_II the_AT past_JJ 10-15_MCMC years_NNT2 could_VM prove_VVI 
deep_RR seated_VVD indeed_RR ._. 

^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Agricultural_JJ policy_NN1 *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ the_AT Common_JJ Agricultural_JJ 
Policy_NN1 that_CST raises_VVZ the_AT question_NN1 ,_, not_XX other_JJ 
European_JJ policies_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL For_IF this_DD1 reason_NN1 agriculture_NN1 is_VBZ far_RG more_RGR 
important_JJ ,_, far_RG more_DAR of_IO a_AT1 threat_NN1 to_II the_AT world_NN1 
trading_JJ system_NN1 than_CSN is_VBZ commonly_RR supposed_VVN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL A_AT1 quote_NN1 from_II a_AT1 recent_JJ speech_NN1 by_II 
the_AT British_JJ Foreign_JJ Secretary_NP1 ,_, Sir_NNB Geoffrey_NP1 Howe_NP1 
,_, is_VBZ relevant_JJ :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Sir_NNB 
Geoffrey_NP1 then_RT concluded_VVD :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL *<_NULL *4_NULL Simple_JJ solution_NN1 *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ not_XX overstating_VVG the_AT 
dimensions_NN2 of_IO the_AT problem_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT solution_NN1 to_II that_DD1 problem_NN1 is_VBZ simple_JJ *-_- 
there_EX must_VM be_VBI a_AT1 credible_JJ and_CC sustained_JJ movement_NN1 
towards_II exposing_VVG agriculture_NN1 to_TO market_VVI forces_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL You_PPY can_VM argue_VVI about_II the_AT time_NNT1 and_CC the_AT 
extent_NN1 of_IO movement_NN1 required_VVN but_CCB the_AT direction_NN1 
required_VVN is_VBZ crystal_NN1 clear_JJ ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL What_DDQ happens_VVZ if_CS the_AT formidable_JJ political_JJ 
obstacles_NN2 to_TO change_VVI once_RR21 more_RR22 mean_VV0 the_AT three_MC 
key_JJ players_NN2 duck_VV0 the_AT issue_NN1 ?_? 

^ ^_NULL The_AT United_NP States_NP1 could_VM well_RR decide_VVI that_CST 
the_AT political_JJ pain_NN1 of_IO reforming_VVG ,_, for_REX21 example_REX22 
,_, its_APPGE dairy_NN1 and_CC sugar_NN1 sectors_NN2 is_VBZ too_RG high_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT consensus_NN1 to_TO change_VVI direction_NN1 in_II Japan_NP1 
may_VM not_XX exist_VVI irrespective_II21 of_II22 pressure_NN1 from_II 
far-sighted_JJ people_NN in_II the_AT Japanese_JJ system_NN1 who_PNQS 
understand_VV0 the_AT grave_JJ dangers_NN2 to_II Japan_NP1 of_IO a_AT1 
Multilateral_JJ Trade_NN1 Negotiation_NN1 that_CST fails_VVZ to_TO give_VVI 
a_AT1 new_JJ impetus_NN1 to_II multilateralism_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL And_CC Europe_NP1 could_VM fold_VVI its_APPGE tent_NN1 and_CC 
content_VVI itself_PPX1 with_IW the_AT task_NN1 of_IO getting_VVG another_DD1 
two_MC market_NN1 economies_NN2 *-_- Spain_NP1 and_CC Portugal_NP1 *-_- 
into_II their_APPGE system_NN1 of_IO trade_NN1 policies_NN2 ._. 

^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 149+TEXT+F06_FO **]_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL If_CS you_PPY met_VVD me_PPIO1 today_RT ,_, you_PPY 
probably_RR would_VM n't_XX believe_VVI that_CST ten_MC years_NNT2 ago_RA 
I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ given_VVN a_ZZ1 less_DAR than_CSN 40%_NNU chance_NN1 of_IO 
ever_RR again_RT becoming_VVG a_AT1 *'_" normal_JJ **'_" functioning_JJ 
member_NN1 of_IO society_NN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 know_VV0 I_ZZ1 appear_VV0 to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 
capable_JJ ,_, talented_JJ and_CC attractive_JJ 35-year_JJ old_JJ woman_NN1 
*-_- and_CC I_PPIS1 am_VBM ._. 

^ ^_NULL Yet_RR I_PPIS1 suffered_VVD three_MC major_JJ nervous_JJ 
breakdowns_NN2 between_II the_AT ages_NN2 of_IO 22_MC and_CC 25_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ twice_RR committed_VVN to_II mental_JJ hospitals_NN2 
by_II friends_NN2 ,_, and_CC once_RR by_II the_AT police_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT last_MD time_NNT1 ,_, I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ inside_RL for_IF 
seven_MC months_NNT2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT words_NN2 used_VVN on_II my_APPGE hefty_JJ psychiatric_JJ 
file_NN1 to_TO describe_VVI my_APPGE condition_NN1 :_: manic-depressive_JJ 
psychotic_NN1 with_IW schizoid_JJ tendencies_NN2 ._. 

^ (_( ^_NULL These_DD2 days_NNT2 it_PPH1 is_VBZ called_VVN bi-polar_JJ 
disorder_NN1 ._. )_) 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 remember_VV0 much_RR of_IO it_PPH1 very_RG clearly_RR 
._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT mind-numbing_JJ tranquillisers_NN2 that_CST dry_VV0 your_APPGE 
mouth_NN1 so_CS you_PPY ca_VM n't_XX swallow_VVI ,_, that_DD1 un_NN1 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL -focus_NN1 your_APPGE eyes_NN2 ,_, disturb_VV0 
your_APPGE balance_NN1 and_CC make_VV0 you_PPY walk_VVI with_IW *'_" the_AT 
loony-bin_JJ shuffle_NN1 **'_" ._. 

^ ^_NULL Being_VBG locked_VVN up_RP ,_, for_IF days_NNT2 on_II end_NN1 ,_, 
alone_JJ in_II a_AT1 bare_JJ room_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Patients_NN2 egging_VVG each_PPX221 other_PPX222 on_II21 to_II22 
fresh_JJ heights_NN2 of_IO insanity_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT overworked_JJ staff_NN who_PNQS can_VM not_XX allow_VVI 
themselves_PPX2 to_TO see_VVI their_APPGE patients_NN2 as_CSA *'_" real_JJ 
**'_" people_NN ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT unbearably_RR black_JJ depressions_NN2 that_CST balance_VV0 
the_AT *'_" highs_NN2 **'_" in_II equal_JJ or_CC greater_JJR proportion_NN1 
._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Looking_VVG back_RP from_II this_DD1 distance_NN1 in_II 
time_NNT1 I_PPIS1 realise_VV0 that_CST my_APPGE madness_NN1 ,_, and_CC over_II 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL -coming_NN1 it_PPH1 ,_, was_VBDZ possibly_RR the_AT 
key_NN1 to_II my_APPGE becoming_VVG a_AT1 responsible_JJ ,_, successful_JJ 
person_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 blame_VV0 nobody_PN1 but_II myself_PPX1 for_IF what_DDQ 
happened_VVD and_CC likewise_RR I_PPIS1 give_VV0 myself_PPX1 major_JJ 
credit_NN1 for_IF recovery_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Why_RRQ did_VDD this_DD1 happen_VVI to_II me_PPIO1 ?_? 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 had_VHD a_AT1 wonderful_JJ childhood_NN1 in_II a_AT1 
loving_JJ family_NN with_IW no_AT previous_JJ history_NN1 of_IO insanity_NN1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL When_CS I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ 17_MC I_PPIS1 left_VVD my_APPGE home_NN1 
in_II the_AT country_NN1 to_TO attend_VVI University_NN1 and_CC for_IF the_AT 
first_MD time_NNT1 I_PPIS1 discovered_VVD my_APPGE peer_NN1 group_NN ._. 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 never_RR studied_VVD ,_, just_RR scraping_VVG through_II 
my_APPGE exams_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Life_NN1 was_VBDZ all_DB fun_NN1 and_CC excitement_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Very_RG quickly_RR I_PPIS1 became_VVD involved_JJ with_IW 
men_NN2 ,_, sex_NN1 ,_, and_CC all_DB that_DD1 goes_VVZ with_IW it_PPH1 :_: 
pleasure_NN1 ,_, pain_NN1 ,_, contraception_NN1 ,_, jealousy_NN1 ,_, false_JJ 
expectations_NN2 ,_, betrayal_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 also_RR developed_VVD close_JJ female_JJ friends_NN2 who_PNQS 
have_VH0 ,_, along_II21 with_II22 my_APPGE family_NN ,_, loved_VVN and_CC 
supported_VVN me_PPIO1 through_II all_DB my_APPGE difficult_JJ times_NNT2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL Things_NN2 went_VVD smoothly_RR for_IF the_AT next_MD 
seven_MC years_NNT2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 adopted_VVD the_AT current_JJ hippie_NN1 lifestyle_NN1 of_IO 
long_JJ hair_NN1 ,_, raggy_JJ clothes_NN2 and_CC communal_JJ living_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Though_CS I_PPIS1 appeared_VVD *'_" straight_RR **'_" ,_, during_II 
the_AT day_NNT1 at_II my_APPGE job_NN1 ,_, after_CS hours_NNT2 I_PPIS1 
became_VVD one_MC1 of_IO the_AT *'_" beautiful_JJ people_NN **'_" *-_- or_CC 
so_CS I_PPIS1 imagined_VVD ._. 

^ ^_NULL Looking_VVG back_RP ,_, I_PPIS1 see_VV0 a_AT1 certain_JJ 
desperation_NN1 in_II my_APPGE actions_NN2 :_: I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ always_RR 
trying_VVG to_TO fit_VVI into_II a_ZZ1 mould_VV0 that_DD1 was_VBDZ n't_XX 
my_APPGE shape_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Everyone_PN1 else_RR seemed_VVD to_TO be_VBI better_JJR at_II it_PPH1 
than_CSN me_PPIO1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB I_PPIS1 thought_VVD I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ happy_JJ ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ the_AT time_NNT1 of_IO *"_" All_DB You_PPY 
Need_VV0 Is_VBZ Love_NN1 **"_" ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT music_NN1 was_VBDZ the_AT Beatles_NP1 ,_, the_AT Stones_NP1 
,_, the_AT Mamas_NN2 and_CC the_AT Papas_NN2 ,_, Jimi_JJ Hendrix_NN1 \_NULL 
etc_RA ._. 

^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 went_VVD barefoot_JJ on_II the_AT pavements_NN2 and_CC 
loved_VVD shocking_JJ the_AT un-turned-on_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL And_CC of_RR21 course_RR22 we_PPIS2 smoked_VVD as_RG much_DA1 
marijuana_NN1 as_CSA we_PPIS2 could_VM lay_VVI our_APPGE hands_NN2 on_RP ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 still_RR believe_VV0 that_CST the_AT odd_JJ joint_NN1 
is_VBZ harmless_JJ and_CC even_RR beneficial_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ n't_XX until_CS after_CS I_PPIS1 decided_VVD to_TO 
try_VVI {_NULL LSD_NN1 }_NULL that_CST my_APPGE life_NN1 turned_VVD turtle_NN1 
._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL But_CCB this_DD1 is_VBZ n't_XX just_RR another_DD1 drug_NN1 
story_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL My_APPGE third_MD and_CC last_MD *'_" trip_NN1 **'_" is_VBZ 
acknowledged_VVN as_II a_AT1 possible_JJ trigger_NN1 rather_II21 than_II22 
the_AT cause_NN1 of_IO my_APPGE problem_NN1 (_( although_CS the_AT terror_NN1 
and_CC confusion_NN1 engendered_VVD by_II that_DD1 ill-considered_JJ 
ingestion_NN1 was_VBDZ nothing_PN1 compared_VVN to_II the_AT effects_NN2 of_IO 
the_AT legal_JJ drugs_NN2 later_RRR pumped_VVD into_II me_PPIO1 by_II the_AT 
hospitals_NN2 ._. )_) 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL During_II the_AT previous_JJ five_MC years_NNT2 my_APPGE 
weight_NN1 had_VHD increased_VVN to_RP about_RG 2_MC 1/2_MF stone_NN1 more_RRR 
than_CSN I_PPIS1 liked_VVD ._. 

^ ^_NULL According_II21 to_II22 American_JJ weight_NN1 charts_NN2 I_PPIS1 
should_VM have_VHI been_VBN about_RG eight_MC stone_NN1 ,_, so_CS I_PPIS1 
dieted_VVD myself_PPX1 strictly_RR down_RP to_II there_RL ._. 

^ ^_NULL To_TO do_VDI this_DD1 I_PPIS1 stopped_VVD eating_VVG normal_JJ 
meals_NN2 with_IW my_APPGE flatmates_NN2 ,_, maybe_RR my_APPGE first_MD 
step_NN1 towards_II abnormal_JJ social_JJ relationships_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL None_PN of_IO them_PPHO2 understood_VVD why_RRQ I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ 
doing_VDG it_PPH1 *-_- I_PPIS1 suppose_VV0 I_MC1 seemed_VVD relatively_RR 
normal_JJ in_II size_NN1 as_CSA I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 lost_VVD that_CST extra_JJ weight_NN1 in_RP under_RG 
two_MC months_NNT2 ,_, and_CC my_APPGE new_JJ self-image_NN1 was_VBDZ 
wildly_RR sexy_JJ and_CC irresistible_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 left_VVD my_APPGE long-term_JJ live-in_NN1 man_NN1 and_CC 
moved_VVN to_II another_DD1 house_NN1 where_RRQ I_PPIS1 met_VVD another_DD1 
circle_NN1 of_IO so_JJ21 called_JJ22 freespirited_JJ ,_, artistic_JJ and_CC 
exciting_JJ people_NN ._. 

^ ^_NULL There_EX were_VBDR long_JJ nights_NNT2 of_IO intense_JJ talk_NN1 
and_CC all_DB sorts_NN2 of_IO fantastic_JJ ideas_NN2 and_CC unlimited_JJ 
dreams_NN2 were_VBDR born_VVN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL How_RRQ do_VD0 I_PPIS1 describe_VVI what_DDQ it_PPH1 
feels_VVZ like_JJ to_TO *'_" go_VVI over_II the_AT top_NN1 **'_" ?_? 

^ ^_NULL Think_VV0 of_IO the_AT time_NNT1 when_RRQ you_PPY were_VBDR 
your_APPGE most_RGT elated_JJ and_CC effervescent_JJ ,_, then_RT multiply_VV0 
it_PPH1 by_II one_MC1 hundred_NNO ._. 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 began_VVD to_TO gain_VVI speed_NN1 ,_, everything_PN1 
seemed_VVD clearer_JJR and_CC more_RGR beautiful_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 saw_VVD symbolism_NN1 in_II a_AT1 banana_NN1 skin_NN1 
lying_VVG on_II the_AT pavement_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT sun_NN1 would_VM set_VVI 
only_RR to_II rise_NN1 again_RT the_AT next_MD minute_NNT1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ a_AT1 lot_NN of_IO fun_NN1 when_CS it_PPH1 
happens_VVZ to_II you_PPY ,_, but_CCB very_RG exhausting_JJ for_IF your_APPGE 
companions_NN2 ,_, faced_VVN with_IW a_AT1 person_NN1 who_PNQS has_VHZ 
severed_VVN connections_NN2 with_IW reality_NN1 and_CC never_RR stops_VVZ 
talking_VVG ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL To_TO shorten_VVI a_AT1 long_JJ story_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ taken_VVN to_II hospital_NN1 by_II a_AT1 friend_NN1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 did_VDD n't_XX even_RR recognise_VVI where_RRQ I_PPIS1 
was_VBDZ ._. 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 remember_VV0 thinking_VVG the_AT men_NN2 in_II white_JJ 
coats_NN2 were_VBDR hilarious_JJ ,_, until_CS they_PPHS2 grabbed_VVD me_PPIO1 
and_CC stuck_VVD a_AT1 hypodermic_JJ in_II my_APPGE arm_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 understand_VV0 that_DD1 mental_JJ patients_NN2 
usually_RR get_VV0 worse_JJR before_CS they_PPHS2 get_VV0 better_RRR ,_, 
possibly_RR due_II21 to_II22 the_AT fact_NN1 that_CST the_AT doctors_NN2 
do_VD0 n't_XX know_VVI initially_RR what_DDQ dosage_NN1 of_IO 
tranquillisers_NN2 to_TO give_VVI ,_, so_CS they_PPHS2 have_VH0 to_TO 
experiment_VVI ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 ca_VM n't_XX remember_VVI much_RR after_II that_DD1 
for_IF weeks_NNT2 ,_, except_CS my_APPGE family_NN came_VVD to_TO visit_VVI 
and_CC I_PPIS1 could_VM n't_XX talk_VVI because_CS my_APPGE mouth_NN1 was_VBDZ 
so_RG dry_JJ ,_, my_APPGE tongue_NN1 was_VBDZ stuck_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL Nobody_PN1 realised_VVD I_PPIS1 desperately_RR needed_VVN a_AT1 
drink_NN1 of_IO water_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 remember_VV0 above_II all_DB the_AT zombie-like_JJ 
attitude_NN1 of_IO the_AT other_JJ patients_NN2 ,_, the_AT glazed_JJ eyes_NN2 
,_, and_CC how_RGQ little_DA1 notice_NN1 was_VBDZ taken_VVN of_IO us_PPIO2 
by_II the_AT staff_NN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL After_II three_MC months_NNT2 I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ 
released_VVN ,_, successfully_RR *'_" brought_VVN down_RP **'_" by_II 
medication_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 entered_VVD my_APPGE first_MD real_JJ depression_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ too_RG much_DA1 to_TO get_VVI out_II21 of_II22 
bed_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 tried_VVD to_TO ignore_VVI the_AT day_NNT1 until_II 
afternoon_NNT1 and_CC when_RRQ I_PPIS1 got_VVD up_RP I_PPIS1 ate_VVD ._. 

^ ^_NULL My_APPGE friends_NN2 tried_VVD to_TO cheer_VVI me_PPIO1 up_RP ,_, 
but_CCB everyone_PN1 knows_VVZ that_CST when_CS you_PPY 're_VBR down_RP the_AT 
last_MD thing_NN1 you_PPY want_VV0 to_TO hear_VVI is_VBZ *"_" you_PPY 'll_VM 
come_VVI out_II21 of_II22 it_PPH1 **"_" or_CC *"_" things_NN2 could_VM be_VBI 
worse_JJR **"_" ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Six_MC months_NNT2 on_II a_AT1 sickness_NN1 benefit_NN1 *-_- 
then_RT I_PPIS1 found_VVD a_AT1 job_NN1 I_PPIS1 began_VVD to_TO enjoy_VVI ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT stability_NN1 of_IO work_NN1 and_CC home_NN1 helped_VVD a_PN21 
lot_PN22 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Then_RT I_PPIS1 threw_VVD it_PPH1 all_DB away_RL to_TO go_VVI and_CC 
live_VVI with_IW a_AT1 friend_NN1 in_II the_AT country_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Things_NN2 were_VBDR good_JJ for_IF a_AT1 while_NNT1 ,_, 
especially_RR when_RRQ I_PPIS1 met_VVD a_AT1 new_JJ man_NN1 who_PNQS 
seemed_VVD the_AT answer_NN1 to_II my_APPGE dreams_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Eighteen_MC months_NNT2 after_II my_APPGE release_NN1 from_II 
hospital_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 found_VVD myself_PPX1 in_II another_DD1 ,_, once_RR21 
more_RR22 committed_VVD by_II a_AT1 friend_NN1 *-_- my_APPGE lover_NN1 *-_- 
who_PNQS simply_RR could_VM not_XX handle_VVI my_APPGE bizarre_JJ 
behaviour_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL This_DD1 time_NNT1 I_PPIS1 had_VHD stayed_VVN up_RP all_DB 
night_NNT1 and_CC ruined_VVN the_AT entire_JJ contents_NN2 of_IO his_APPGE 
kitchen_NN1 :_: mixing_VVG extraordinary_JJ concoctions_NN2 ,_, singing_VVG 
at_II the_AT top_NN1 of_IO my_APPGE voice_NN1 *-_- thinking_VVG how_RRQ 
I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ being_VBG filmed_VVN for_IF my_APPGE own_DA Pythonesque_JJ 
television_NN1 show_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL When_CS he_PPHS1 emerged_VVD the_AT next_MD morning_NNT1 I_PPIS1 
was_VBDZ a_AT1 raving_JJ idiot_NN1 and_CC I_PPIS1 really_RR do_VD0 n't_XX 
blame_VVI him_PPHO1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL My_APPGE second_MD hospitalisation_NN1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 re_II 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL -run_NN1 of_IO the_AT first_MD ,_, but_CCB 
longer_RRR ,_, and_CC twice_RR I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ locked_VVN in_II the_AT *'_" 
time-out_NN1 **'_" room_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ where_RRQ patients_NN2 are_VBR put_VVN ostensibly_RR 
to_TO protect_VVI themselves_PPX2 from_II themselves_PPX2 ,_, but_CCB I_PPIS1 
still_RR ca_VM n't_XX see_VVI the_AT point_NN1 in_II total_JJ deprivation_NN1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL Even_RR things_NN2 to_TO rip_VVI up_RP and_CC jump_VVI on_RP would_VM 
have_VHI helped_VVN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Once_RR21 more_RR22 I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ discharged_VVN and_CC 
resumed_VVN my_APPGE life_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL After_CS the_AT inevitable_JJ depression_NN1 I_PPIS1 found_VVD 
work_NN1 and_CC things_NN2 gradually_RR improved_VVD until_CS ,_, yet_RR 
again_RT ,_, I_PPIS1 met_VVD a_AT1 man_NN1 who_PNQS touched_VVD my_APPGE 
soul_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 had_VHD not_XX yet_RR learned_VVN to_TO keep_VVI my_APPGE 
*'_" self_NN1 **'_" separate_VV0 :_: I_PPIS1 saw_VVD him_PPHO1 as_RG 
everything_PN1 while_CS he_PPHS1 saw_VVD me_PPIO1 as_CSA an_AT1 occasional_JJ 
bedmate_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL My_APPGE third_MD crack-up_NN1 was_VBDZ the_AT 
longest_JJT and_CC most_RGT severe_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 had_VHD vivid_JJ fantasies_NN2 of_IO myself_PPX1 as_II the_AT 
embodiment_NN1 of_IO good_JJ and_CC evil_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL One_PN1 would_VM lie_VVI down_RP and_CC the_AT other_NN1 would_VM 
get_VVI up_RP ._. 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ the_AT tiger_NN1 *-_- twins_NN2 ,_, alive_JJ from_II 
time_NNT1 immemorial_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ Wonderwoman_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 could_VM scale_VVI mountains_NN2 and_CC fight_NN1 off_II 
whole_JJ gangs_NN2 of_IO demons_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 could_VM walk_VVI the_AT streets_NN2 alone_RR at_II 
night_NNT1 and_CC the_AT toughest_JJT person_NN1 would_VM melt_VVI away_RP 
at_II my_APPGE sight_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 blazed_VVD with_IW energy_NN1 :_: my_APPGE eyes_NN2 alone_RR 
made_VVN others_NN2 avert_VVI theirs_PPGE ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL So_RR there_RL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ in_II yet_RR another_DD1 
hospital_NN1 ,_, this_DD1 time_NNT1 for_IF seven_MC months_NNT2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL For_IF the_AT first_MD time_NNT1 ,_, despite_II minimal_JJ 
day-to-day_JJ care_NN1 ,_, I_PPIS1 developed_VVD a_AT1 trusting_JJ 
relationship_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 psychiatrist_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Over_II a_AT1 long_JJ period_NN1 he_PPHS1 got_VVD me_PPIO1 back_RP 
in_II31 touch_II32 with_II33 myself_PPX1 ,_, and_CC handed_VVD me_PPIO1 
personal_JJ keys_NN2 to_TO control_VVI my_APPGE emotions_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_RL I_PPIS1 also_RR met_VVD the_AT man_NN1 I_PPIS1 
would_VM later_RRR marry_VVI ,_, who_PNQS balanced_VVD my_APPGE *'_" highs_NN2 
**'_" and_CC helped_VVD me_PPIO1 develop_VVI a_AT1 stable_JJ lifestyle_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Our_APPGE time_NNT1 together_RL has_VHZ been_VBN far_RG21 from_RG22 
easy_JJ but_CCB I_PPIS1 will_VM always_RR be_VBI grateful_JJ to_II him_PPHO1 
for_IF seeing_VVG the_AT person_NN1 within_II the_AT madwoman_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 took_VVD a_RR21 lot_RR22 longer_RRR to_TO 
re-adjust_VVI the_AT third_MD time_NNT1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL My_APPGE depression_NN1 was_VBDZ blacker_JJR than_CSN ever_RR ,_, 
and_CC to_TO punish_VVI myself_PPX1 for_IF my_APPGE stupidity_NN1 I_PPIS1 
ate_VVD myself_PPX1 up_II21 to_II22 more_RR21 than_RR22 five_MC stone_NN1 
overweight_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 knew_VVD exactly_RR what_DDQ I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ doing_VDG 
but_RR I_PPIS1 could_VM n't_XX stop_VVI ._. 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ eating_VVG ,_, smoking_VVG ,_, getting_VVG no_AT 
exercise_NN1 ,_, and_CC desperately_RR unhappy_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB I_PPIS1 have_VH0 always_RR been_VBN an_AT1 optimist_NN1 at_II 
heart_NN1 ,_, and_CC finally_RR broke_VVD the_AT cycle_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL After_CS a_AT1 year_NNT1 or_CC so_CS of_IO misery_NN1 and_CC 
inactivity_NN1 I_PPIS1 started_VVD an_AT1 easy_JJ job_NN1 ,_, then_RT went_VVD 
into_II another_DD1 slightly_RR more_RGR demanding_JJ ,_, then_RT found_VVD 
one_PN1 which_DDQ really_RR suited_VVD my_APPGE talents_NN2 and_CC which_DDQ 
I_PPIS1 loved_VVD ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ still_RR fat_JJ ,_, but_CCB after_CS I_PPIS1 
developed_VVD pneumonia_NN1 and_CC stopped_VVD smoking_VVG I_PPIS1 
realized_VVD I_PPIS1 had_VHD to_TO do_VDI battle_NN1 with_IW my_APPGE size_NN1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL Instead_II21 of_II22 dieting_VVG I_PPIS1 bought_VVD a_AT1 bicycle_NN1 
and_CC began_VVD to_TO ride_VVI everywhere_RL ._. 

^ ^_NULL Slowly_RR I_PPIS1 subsided_VVD ,_, and_CC have_VH0 easily_RR 
maintained_VVN my_APPGE weight_NN1 since_CS *-_- not_XX a_AT1 fashionable_JJ 
weight_NN1 but_CCB one_PN1 where_CS I_PPIS1 fit_VV0 my_APPGE clothes_NN2 
easily_RR and_CC feel_VV0 good_JJ ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL A_PN21 *0_NULL lot_PN22 has_VHZ happened_VVN since_CS 
,_, but_CCB the_AT crucial_JJ thing_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN my_APPGE adhering_NN1 
to_II medical_JJ advice_NN1 and_CC staying_VVG on_II my_APPGE medication_NN1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL Previously_RR I_PPIS1 had_VHD stopped_VVN when_RRQ I_PPIS1 judged_VVD 
myself_PPX1 *'_" okay_RR **'_" ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 have_VH0 been_VBN given_VVN the_AT choice_NN1 to_TO 
stop_VVI in_II recent_JJ years_NNT2 ,_, but_CCB my_APPGE psychiatrist_NN1 
can_VM not_XX guarantee_VVI that_CST I_PPIS1 wo_VM n't_XX have_VHI another_DD1 
attack_NN1 ,_, and_CC I_PPIS1 prefer_VV0 not_XX to_TO take_VVI that_DD1 
chance_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 am_VBM happy_JJ and_CC productive_JJ now_RT ,_, with_IW no_AT 
side-effects_NN2 from_II my_APPGE medication_NN1 ,_, and_CC I_PPIS1 value_VV0 
my_APPGE sanity_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 no_RR21 longer_RR22 worry_VV0 continually_RR about_II 
*'_" it_PPH1 **'_" happening_VVG again_RT *-_- though_CS of_RR21 course_RR22 
I_PPIS1 ca_VM n't_XX absolutely_RR discount_VVI the_AT possibility_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Whenever_RRQV anybody_PN1 (_( however_RGQV jokingly_RR )_) tells_VVZ 
me_PPIO1 I_PPIS1 'm_VBM crazy_JJ ,_, I_PPIS1 feel_VV0 obliged_VVN to_TO 
take_VVI them_PPHO2 seriously_RR and_CC run_VVN through_II my_APPGE own_DA 
mental_JJ checklist_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL If_CS I_PPIS1 come_VV0 up_RP with_IW the_AT answer_NN1 yes_UH ,_, 
that_DD1 was_VBDZ a_PN121 bit_PN122 off_RP ,_, (_( which_DDQ happens_VVZ 
infrequently_RR )_) I_PPIS1 remove_VV0 myself_PPX1 from_II the_AT 
situation_NN1 and_CC do_VD0 something_PN1 like_VVI drink_NN1 several_DA2 
large_JJ glasses_NN2 of_IO water_NN1 *-_- nature_NN1 's_GE own_DA cure_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 feel_VV0 I_ZZ1 must_VM always_RR be_VBI more_RGR 
strict_JJ with_IW myself_PPX1 than_CSN possibly_RR *'_" ordinary_JJ **'_" 
people_NN are_VBR ._. 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 know_VV0 I_MC1 have_VH0 the_AT capacity_NN1 for_IF wild_JJ 
flights_NN2 of_IO fancy_NN1 ,_, and_CC that_DD1 is_VBZ where_RRQ my_APPGE 
weakness_NN1 lies_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Oh_UH yes_UH ,_, I_PPIS1 still_RR draw_VV0 on_II my_APPGE 
imagination_NN1 ,_, but_CCB I_PPIS1 will_VM not_XX let_VVI it_PPH1 rule_VVI 
me_PPIO1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 am_VBM now_RT in_II a_AT1 situation_NN1 where_RRQ 
I_PPIS1 have_VH0 surpassed_VVN my_APPGE adolescent_JJ dreams_NN2 for_IF 
myself_PPX1 and_CC I_PPIS1 continue_VV0 to_TO build_VVI on_II new_JJ ones_NN2 
._. 

^ ^_NULL My_APPGE work_NN1 is_VBZ very_RG satisfying_JJ ,_, I_PPIS1 have_VH0 
a_AT1 solid_JJ core_NN1 of_IO friends_NN2 and_CC have_VH0 regained_VVN the_AT 
trust_NN1 of_IO my_APPGE family_NN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL What_DDQ I_PPIS1 would_VM like_VVI to_TO say_VVI to_II 
people_NN who_PNQS have_VH0 spent_VVN time_NNT1 in_II mental_JJ hospitals_NN2 
is_VBZ :_: do_VD0 n't_XX be_VBI ashamed_JJ of_IO it_PPH1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Whilst_CS I_PPIS1 do_VD0 n't_XX tell_VVI everyone_PN1 I_PPIS1 
meet_VV0 ,_, I_PPIS1 am_VBM always_RR pleased_JJ to_TO give_VVI others_NN2 
my_APPGE story_NN1 and_CC the_AT knowledge_NN1 that_CST things_NN2 can_VM 
be_VBI all_RR21 right_RR22 again_RT ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ no_AT stigma_NN1 that_CST clings_VVZ 
forever_RT ,_, or_CC if_CSW there_EX is_VBZ I_PPIS1 am_VBM proud_JJ of_IO 
it_PPH1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Because_CS I_PPIS1 have_VH0 experienced_VVN the_AT worst_JJT I_PPIS1 
can_VM be_VBI and_CC now_RT everything_PN1 else_RR is_VBZ a_AT1 wonderful_JJ 
plus_NN1 ._. 

^ *<_NULL *6_NULL CONFESSIONS_NN2 OF_IO A_AT1 BURGLAR_NN1 'S_VBZ WIFE_NN1 
*>_NULL 

^ *<_NULL *2_NULL AN_AT1 AMORALITY_NN1 TALE_NN1 *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL *4_NULL ^_NULL Poor_JJ Margaret_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL So_RR lonely_JJ ,_, late_RR at_II night_NNT1 ,_, wondering_VVG 
how_RRQ Scott_NP1 's_VBZ getting_VVG on_II ripping_VVG off_RP his_APPGE 
fellow_JJ citizens_NN2 ._. 

^ *<_NULL *0_NULL By_II Sue_NP1 Bramwell_NP1 *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 's_VBZ 2.30_MC {_NULL am_RA }_NULL in_II Remuera_NP1 
,_, Auckland_NP1 ,_, and_CC Margaret_NP1 is_VBZ sitting_VVG up_RP in_II 
bed_NN1 reading_VVG a_AT1 book_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Waiting_VVG for_IF her_APPGE husband_NN1 to_TO come_VVI home_RL 
from_II work_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Unlike_II most_DAT women_NN2 whose_DDQGE husbands_NN2 work_VV0 
night-shift_JJ ,_, however_RR ,_, Margaret_NP1 can_VM never_RR be_VBI sure_JJ 
that_CST her_APPGE husband_NN1 will_VM in_II fact_NN1 appear_VV0 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL He_PPHS1 's_VBZ a_AT1 thief_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL As_II the_AT wife_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 *"_" tealeaf_NN1 **"_" ,_, 
Margaret_NP1 admits_VVZ that_DD1 stress_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT main_JJ draw_NN1 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL -back_NN1 of_IO Scott_NP1 's_GE job_NN1 ._. 

^ *"_" ^_NULL You_PPY never_RR know_VV0 when_RRQ the_AT wheels_NN2 are_VBR 
going_VVGK to_TO come_VVI off_RP ,_, **"_" she_PPHS1 says_VVZ ,_, 
referring_VVG to_II the_AT many_DA2 nights_NNT2 that_CST have_VH0 been_VBN 
interrupted_VVN by_II calls_NN2 from_II the_AT Central_NP Police_NP1 
Station_NN1 ._. 

^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 150+TEXT+F07_FO **]_NULL 

^ |_NULL *4_NULL ^_NULL The_AT New_JJ Zealander_NP1 who_PNQS wrote_VVD 
this_DD1 story_NN1 says_VVZ she_PPHS1 's_VHZ been_VBN asked_VVN many_DA2 
times_NNT2 to_TO write_VVI it_PPH1 ._. 

^ *"_" ^_NULL There_EX are_VBR lots_PN of_IO women_NN2 like_II me_PPIO1 ,_, 
**"_" she_PPHS1 says_VVZ ._. 

^ *"_" ^_NULL Married_JJ too_RG young_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Often_RR to_II men_NN2 we_PPIS2 had_VHD started_VVN *'_" going_VVG 
steady_JJ with_IW **'_" in_II our_APPGE teens_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Either_RR because_CS you_PPY were_VBDR pregnant_JJ or_CC had_VHD 
had_VHN sex_NN1 with_IW them_PPHO2 (_( in_II an_AT1 age_NN1 when_CS you_PPY 
then_RT married_VVD them_PPHO2 !_! )_) ._. 

^ ^_NULL Nearly_RR all_DB of_IO us_PPIO2 are_VBR very_RG hard-working_JJ 
people_NN ._. 

^ ^_NULL Victims_NN2 of_IO the_AT old_JJ Protestant_JJ work_NN1 ethic_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Which_DDQ then_RT traps_VVZ us_PPIO2 all_DB ,_, in_II later_JJR 
life_NN1 ,_, in_II our_APPGE difficult_JJ marriages_NN2 because_CS we_PPIS2 
have_VH0 painstakingly_RR acquired_VVN possessions_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Things_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL A_AT1 nice_JJ lounge_NN1 suite_NN1 ,_, stereo_NN1 ,_, crystal_NN1 
chandelier_NN1 ,_, silver_JJ candelabra_NN1 ,_, \_NULL etc_RA ._. 

^ ^_NULL A_AT1 nice_JJ house_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ neither_DD1 wants_VVZ to_TO 
leave_VVI willingly_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL Which_DDQ both_DB2 would_VM like_VVI to_TO continue_VVI living_VVG 
in_RP *-_- on_II their_APPGE own_DA ._. **"_" 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB ,_, somehow_RR ,_, they_PPHS2 keep_VV0 on_RP keeping_VVG 
on_RP ..._... 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL When_CS *0_NULL you_PPY lie_VV0 flat_JJ on_II your_APPGE 
back_NN1 in_II bed_NN1 ,_, controlling_VVG all_DB movement_NN1 and_CC 
weeping_VVG as_RG silently_RR as_CSA possible_JJ ,_, in_II an_AT1 attempt_NN1 
to_TO conceal_VVI this_DD1 fact_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 strange_JJ and_CC rather_RG 
uncomfortable_JJ thing_NN1 occurs_VVZ ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT tears_NN2 ooze_VV0 out_RP from_II under_II your_APPGE 
closed_JJ lids_NN2 ,_, slide_NN1 smoothly_RR down_RP your_APPGE cheeks_NN2 
and_CC form_VV0 little_JJ pools_NN2 in_II your_APPGE ears_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL You_PPY suddenly_RR realise_VV0 how_RRQ stupid_JJ it_PPH1 
all_DB is_VBZ and_CC regret_VV0 your_APPGE dramatic_JJ statement_NN1 of_IO 
several_DA2 weeks_NNT2 previously_RR ,_, when_CS you_PPY struck_VVD a_AT1 
pose_NN1 that_CST would_VM have_VHI done_VDN Bette_NP1 Davis_NP1 proud_JJ ,_, 
and_CC proclaimed_VVD to_II the_AT man_NN1 lying_VVG so_RG angrily_RR and_CC 
now_RT so_RG stubbornly_RR silent_JJ beside_II you_PPY ,_, that_CST *-_- *"_" 
^_NULL You_PPY will_VM never_RR ,_, ever_RR ,_, have_VH0 the_AT 
satisfaction_NN1 of_IO seeing_VVG me_PPIO1 cry_NN1 again_RT ._. **"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL You_PPY meant_VVD it_PPH1 at_II the_AT time_NNT1 too_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL You_PPY felt_VVD that_CST the_AT numbing_JJ physical_JJ pain_NN1 
that_CST engulfed_VVD you_PPY at_II that_DD1 moment_NN1 ,_, in_II an_AT1 
uncontrollable_JJ response_NN1 to_II his_APPGE cruelty_NN1 and_CC vicious_JJ 
remarks_NN2 ,_, would_VM immunise_VVI you_PPY from_II any_DD further_JJR 
emotional_JJ display_NN1 such_II21 as_II22 you_PPY are_VBR now_RT 
desperately_RR trying_VVG to_TO control_VVI ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Unfortunately_RR ,_, your_APPGE body_NN1 has_VHZ now_RT 
decided_VVN to_TO tell_VVI you_PPY ,_, in_II no_AT uncertain_JJ manner_NN1 ,_, 
that_CST it_PPH1 is_VBZ anything_RR21 but_RR22 numb_JJ !_! 

^ ^_NULL Your_APPGE wet_JJ ear_NN1 lobes_NN2 are_VBR suddenly_RR of_IO 
secondary_JJ importance_NN1 and_CC it_PPH1 is_VBZ the_AT block_NN1 of_IO 
concrete_NN1 in_II the_AT back_NN1 of_IO your_APPGE throat_NN1 that_CST now_RT 
threatens_VVZ to_TO choke_VVI you_PPY ._. 

^ ^_NULL You_PPY want_VV0 to_TO gasp_VVI aloud_RR ,_, take_VV0 in_RP deep_JJ 
breaths_NN2 of_IO air_NN1 and_CC cry_NN1 and_CC cry_NN1 and_CC cry_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL But_CCB somewhere_RL inside_II your_APPGE head_NN1 a_AT1 
cynical_JJ little_JJ voice_NN1 reminds_VVZ you_PPY of_IO the_AT futility_NN1 
of_IO such_DA behaviour_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL You_PPY 've_VH0 tried_VVN *2_NULL THAT_CST *0_NULL so_RG many_DA2 
times_NNT2 before_RT ,_, remember_VV0 ,_, and_CC it_PPH1 brings_VVZ you_PPY 
nothing_PN1 positive_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL You_PPY end_VV0 up_RP with_IW salty_JJ tears_NN2 miring_VVG 
your_APPGE contact_NN1 lenses_NN2 and_CC compounding_VVG the_AT *'_" red_JJ 
eye_NN1 **'_" problem_NN1 that_CST plagues_VVZ you_PPY for_IF the_AT 
following_JJ 48_MC hours_NNT2 ._. 

^ (_( ^_NULL In_II31 spite_II32 of_II33 what_DDQ they_PPHS2 say_VV0 in_II 
novels_NN2 ,_, splashing_VVG your_APPGE swollen_JJ eyelids_NN2 with_IW cold_JJ 
water_NN1 does_VDZ *2_NULL NOT_XX *0_NULL miraculously_RR return_VVI 
them_PPHO2 to_II their_APPGE normal_JJ state_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Not_XX mine_PPGE anyway_RR !_! )_) 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Nor_CC does_VDZ *"_" primal_JJ screaming_NN1 **"_" bring_VV0 
instant_JJ relief_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 probably_RR could_VM if_CS you_PPY were_VBDR able_JK to_TO 
do_VDI it_PPH1 instantly_RR when_RRQ the_AT pain_NN1 first_MD became_VVD 
intense_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB since_CS he_PPHS1 hides_VVZ the_AT keys_NN2 ,_, or_CC 
removes_VVZ the_AT rotor_NN1 arm_NN1 from_II the_AT car_NN1 when_CS in_II 
one_MC1 of_IO his_APPGE *"_" moods_NN2 **"_" ,_, it_PPH1 means_VVZ a_AT1 
20-minute_JJ walk_NN1 out_RP into_II the_AT country_NN1 before_CS you_PPY 
get_VV0 far_RR enough_RR away_II21 from_II22 houses_NN2 whose_DDQGE 
occupants_NN2 would_VM be_VBI sure_JJ to_TO dial_VVI 111_MC if_CS they_PPHS2 
heard_VVD your_APPGE screams_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Besides_RR ,_, he_PPHS1 is_VBZ always_RR saying_VVG how_RGQ 
mad_JJ you_PPY are_VBR *-_- how_RRQ tainted_VVN with_IW your_APPGE family_NN 
's_GE insanity_NN1 you_PPY are_VBR *-_- and_CC if_CSW he_PPHS1 could_VM 
see_VVI you_PPY there_RL ,_, screaming_VVG aloud_RR into_II the_AT still_JJ 
night_NNT1 air_NN1 ..._... well_RR ,_, he_PPHS1 would_VM be_VBI proved_VVN 
right_RR would_VM n't_XX he_PPHS1 ?_? 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 would_VM never_RR accept_VVI such_DA *"_" craziness_NN1 
**"_" as_II a_AT1 valid_JJ psychological_JJ therapy_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Oh_UH no_UH *-_- he_PPHS1 knows_VVZ *"_" weirdos_NN2 **"_" when_RRQ 
he_PPHS1 sees_VVZ them_PPHO2 all_RR21 right_RR22 ,_, and_CC in_II his_APPGE 
eyes_NN2 you_PPY are_VBR definitely_RR one_MC1 of_IO them_PPHO2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL So_RR is_VBZ your_APPGE father_NN1 who_PNQS has_VHZ had_VHN two_MC 
bouts_NN2 of_IO manic_JJ depression_NN1 in_II his_APPGE 70_MC years_NNT2 of_IO 
life_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL You_PPY also_RR think_VV0 yourself_PPX1 rather_RG stupid_JJ 
too_RR ,_, however_RR ,_, since_CS you_PPY have_VH0 chosen_VVN to_TO 
remain_VVI married_JJ to_II your_APPGE husband_NN1 for_IF almost_RR a_AT1 
quarter_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 century_NNT1 ._. 

^ (_( ^_NULL What_DDQ a_AT1 masochist_NN1 !_! )_) 

^ ^_NULL Foolish_NN certainly_RR to_TO begin_VVI with_IW ._. 

^ ^_NULL Engaged_VVN at_II 17_MC ,_, married_JJ at_II 18_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL A_AT1 mother_NN1 for_IF the_AT first_MD time_NNT1 at_II 19_MC ,_, 
for_IF the_AT second_MD time_NNT1 at_II 20_MC ,_, and_CC another_DD1 for_IF 
the_AT final_JJ time_NNT1 (_( ha_UH !_! )_) at_II 23_MC ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL What_DDQ 's_VBZ this_DD1 ?_? 

^ ^_NULL Migraines_NP1 ,_, blackouts_NN2 ,_, vomiting_VVG ?_? 

^ ^_NULL Ca_VM n't_XX take_VVI the_AT pill_NN1 ?_? 

^ ^_NULL Then_RT the_AT answer_NN1 's_GE simple_JJ *-_- stop_NN1 taking_VVG 
it_PPH1 !_! 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 must_VM be_VBI so_RG easy_JJ to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 
doctor_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL To_TO say_VVI to_II a_AT1 desperately_RR unhappy_JJ woman_NN1 ,_, 
*"_" ^_NULL It_PPH1 will_VM be_VBI at_RR21 least_RR22 a_AT1 month_NNT1 for_IF 
the_AT effects_NN2 of_IO the_AT pill_NN1 to_TO leave_VVI your_APPGE body_NN1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL For_IF the_AT blackouts_NN2 to_TO stop_VVI ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB I_PPIS1 ca_VM n't_XX give_VVI you_PPY a_AT1 tubal_JJ 
ligation_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Not_XX yet_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL Why_RRQ ,_, you_PPY 're_VBR a_AT1 healthy_JJ young_JJ woman_NN1 of_IO 
28_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL You_PPY only_RR have_VH0 three_MC children_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL You_PPY may_VM want_VVI more_DAR in_II the_AT future_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Use_NN1 other_JJ preventatives_NN2 for_IF three_MC months_NNT2 and_CC 
then_RT come_VV0 and_CC see_VV0 me_PPIO1 again_RT ._. **"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL You_PPY have_VH0 no_AT choice_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II three_MC months_NNT2 '_GE time_NNT1 you_PPY need_VV0 his_APPGE 
obstetric_JJ skills_NN2 because_CS you_PPY 're_VBR pregnant_JJ again_RT for_IF 
the_AT fourth_MD time_NNT1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *2_NULL NO_UH !_! 

^ ^_NULL *0_NULL Certainly_RR not_XX *-_- do_VD0 n't_XX even_RR mention_VVI 
abortion_NN1 !_! 

^ ^_NULL Do_VD0 n't_XX you_PPY realise_VVI it_PPH1 's_VBZ a_AT1 sin_NN1 ?_? 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ sinful_JJ in_II *1_NULL your_APPGE *0_NULL eyes_NN2 
too_RR ,_, to_TO be_VBI subjected_VVN to_II such_DA treatment_NN1 by_II 
your_APPGE husband_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL And_CC why_RRQ ?_? 

^ ^_NULL Have_VH0 you_PPY been_VBN unfaithful_JJ ?_? 

^ ^_NULL No_UH ._. 

^ ^_NULL A_AT1 spendthrift_NN1 ?_? 

^ ^_NULL No_UH ._. 

^ ^_NULL Addicted_JJ to_II alcohol_NN1 or_CC drugs_NN2 ?_? 

^ ^_NULL No_UH ._. 

^ ^_NULL Are_VBR you_PPY a_AT1 *"_" bad_JJ **"_" housewife_NN1 ?_? 

^ ^_NULL Yes_UH ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Would_VM you_PPY rather_RR read_VVI stories_NN2 to_II 
your_APPGE children_NN2 ,_, play_NN1 with_IW them_PPHO2 ,_, talk_NN1 to_II 
them_PPHO2 ,_, point_NN1 out_RP the_AT sun_NN1 and_CC the_AT moon_NN1 and_CC 
the_AT stars_NN2 to_II them_PPHO2 ,_, than_CSN do_VD0 housework_NN1 ?_? 

^ ^_NULL Definitely_NP1 ,_, yes_UH ._. 

^ ^_NULL Do_VD0 you_PPY prefer_VVI blowing_VVG soap_NN1 bubbles_NN2 in_II 
the_AT bath_NN1 and_CC explaining_VVG the_AT beauty_NN1 of_IO refracted_JJ 
light_NN1 to_II them_PPHO2 to_II merely_RR cleaning_VVG it_PPH1 and_CC then_RT 
disinfecting_VVG and_CC scrubbing_VVG the_AT toilet_NN1 ?_? 

^ ^_NULL Guilty_JJ again_RT ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 does_VDZ n't_XX approve_VVI ._. 

^ ^_NULL You_PPY are_VBR a_AT1 woman_NN1 and_CC he_PPHS1 married_VVD you_PPY 
to_TO cook_VVI and_CC to_TO clean_VVI and_CC to_TO look_VVI after_II his_APPGE 
children_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 's_VBZ not_XX enough_RR to_TO keep_VVI them_PPHO2 clean_JJ 
and_CC well_RR fed_VVD and_CC the_AT house_NN1 comfortable_JJ and_CC 
pleasant_JJ for_IF all_DB to_TO relax_VVI in_RP ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 has_VHZ to_TO be_VBI spotless_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Antiseptically_NP1 and_CC clinically_RR clean_JJ at_II all_DB 
times_NNT2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Like_II his_APPGE mother_NN1 did_VDD ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ one_MC1 of_IO the_AT lucky_JJ ones_NN2 
dear_JJ ,_, **"_" she_PPHS1 tells_VVZ you_PPY proudly_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL *"_" I_PPIS1 always_RR *2_NULL ENJOYED_VVD *0_NULL looking_VVG 
after_II *2_NULL MY_APPGE *0_NULL family_NN !_! **"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL You_PPY thought_VVD he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ joking_VVG the_AT 
first_MD time_NNT1 he_PPHS1 spelt_VVD your_APPGE duties_NN2 out_RP to_II 
you_PPY in_II minute_JJ detail_NN1 ._. 

^ (_( ^_NULL Nobody_PN1 thinks_VVZ like_II that_DD1 in_II the_AT age_NN1 of_IO 
Betty_NP1 Friedan_NP1 ,_, do_VD0 they_PPHS2 ?_? )_) 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 do_VD0 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 does_VDZ ._. 

^ ^_NULL And_CC you_PPY married_VVD *1_NULL him_PPHO1 *0_NULL because_CS 
you_PPY loved_VVD him_PPHO1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Not_XX because_CS you_PPY wanted_VVD someone_PN1 to_TO become_VVI 
a_AT1 *"_" meal_NN1 ticket_NN1 **"_" for_IF you_PPY for_RR21 ever_RR22 
more_RRR ._. 

^ ^_NULL How_RRQ come_VVN the_AT two_MC of_IO you_PPY never_RR talked_VVN 
about_II your_APPGE expectations_NN2 of_IO each_PPX221 other_PPX222 
beforehand_RR ?_? 

^ ^_NULL After_II all_DB ,_, you_PPY did_VDD go_VVI to_II *1_NULL one_MC1 
*0_NULL of_IO the_AT Marriage_NN1 Guidance_NN1 lectures_NN2 ,_, 
recommended_VVN to_II you_PPY by_II the_AT minister_NN1 before_CS he_PPHS1 
agreed_VVD to_TO marry_VVI you_PPY ._. 

^ ^_NULL Oh_UH ,_, that_DD1 's_VBZ right_RR *-_- you_PPY thoroughly_RR 
enjoyed_VVD the_AT discussion_NN1 and_CC the_AT theories_NN2 presented_VVN ,_, 
but_CCB the_AT young_JJ man_NN1 beside_II you_PPY hated_VVD it_PPH1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Refused_VVN to_TO go_VVI back_RP again_RT ._. 

^ ^_NULL Said_VVD it_PPH1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 lot_NN of_IO *"_" clap-trap_NN1 **"_" 
and_CC that_CST the_AT two_MC of_IO you_PPY should_VM be_VBI able_JK to_TO 
sort_VVI out_RP your_APPGE own_DA problems_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Remember_VV0 ?_? 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL And_CC you_PPY so_RR loved_VVD his_APPGE strength_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT fact_NN1 that_CST he_PPHS1 seemed_VVD afraid_JJ of_IO 
nothing_PN1 and_CC certainly_RR no-one_PN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL His_APPGE decisiveness_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL His_APPGE sense_NN1 of_IO always_RR knowing_VVG at_II all_DB 
times_NNT2 what_DDQ was_VBDZ what_DDQ ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 *2_NULL KNEW_VVD *0_NULL right_RR from_II wrong_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ more_DAR than_CSN *"_" cool_JJ **"_" ,_, he_PPHS1 
was_VBDZ incredible_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL And_CC besides_RR ,_, you_PPY loved_VVD his_APPGE body_NN1 and_CC 
his_APPGE *"_" Fonzie_NP1 **"_" hair_NN1 **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL -cut_NN1 
!_! 

^ ^_NULL Talk_NN1 about_II electricity_NN1 between_II you_PPY !_! 

^ ^_NULL \_NULL TV_NN1 One_PN1 could_VM have_VHI stood_VVN you_PPY both_RR 
on_II \_NULL Mt_NNL1 Kaukau_NP the_AT night_NNT1 of_IO their_APPGE break_NN1 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL -down_NN1 and_CC transmitted_VVD from_II Nelson_NP1 
to_II the_AT Kapiti_NP1 Coast_NP1 with_IW the_AT force_NN1 generated_VVD 
between_II you_PPY when_CS you_PPY looked_VVD into_II each_PPX221 other_PPX222 
's_GE eyes_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Held_VVN onto_II each_PPX221 other_PPX222 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Caressed_VVD each_PPX221 other_PPX222 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Loved_VVN each_PPX221 other_PPX222 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL When_RRQ did_VDD it_PPH1 go_VVI wrong_RR ?_? 

^ ^_NULL When_RRQ did_VDD he_PPHS1 start_VVI reading_VVG the_AT evening_NNT1 
newspaper_NN1 and_CC then_RT burning_VVG it_PPH1 in_II31 front_II32 of_II33 
you_PPY so_CS21 that_CS22 you_PPY could_VM n't_XX read_VVI it_PPH1 also_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL Making_VVG a_AT1 full_JJ pot_NN1 of_IO tea_NN1 *-_- pouring_VVG 
one_PN1 out_RP into_II a_AT1 cup_NN1 for_IF himself_PPX1 *-_- and_CC the_AT 
rest_NN1 down_II the_AT sink_NN1 so_CS21 that_CS22 you_PPY could_VM n't_XX 
have_VHI one_PN1 too_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL Tampering_VVG with_IW the_AT electricity_NN1 switchboard_NN1 and_CC 
de-activating_VVG the_AT power_NN1 points_NN2 in_II the_AT house_NN1 so_CS21 
that_CS22 you_PPY could_VM n't_XX watch_VVI the_AT political_JJ debate_NN1 
on_II \_NULL TV_NN1 or_CC the_AT Sunday_NPD1 play_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Sneaking_VVG up_II21 to_II22 the_AT bedroom_NN1 in_II winter_NNT1 
and_CC switching_VVG off_RP your_APPGE side_NN1 of_IO the_AT electric_JJ 
blanket_NN1 after_CS you_PPY had_VHD been_VBN in_II earlier_JJR and_CC 
switched_VVD both_DB2 sides_NN2 on_RP ._. 

^ ^_NULL Ripping_VVG your_APPGE favourite_JJ plants_NN2 out_II21 of_II22 
the_AT garden_NN1 and_CC digging_VVG in_II the_AT seedlings_NN2 you_PPY 
had_VHD been_VBN so_RG carefully_RR nurturing_VVG ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Throwing_VVG your_APPGE clothes_NN2 out_RP onto_II the_AT 
lawn_NN1 so_CS21 that_CS22 when_CS you_PPY came_VVD home_RL from_II Play_NN1 
Centre_NN1 ,_, or_CC a_ZZ1 Meet_VV0 the_AT Teacher_NN1 evening_NNT1 ,_, 
you_PPY found_VVD your_APPGE wardrobe_NN1 lying_VVG in_II the_AT rain_NN1 ._. 

^ (_( ^_NULL He_PPHS1 stopped_VVD doing_VDG *2_NULL THAT_DD1 *0_NULL when_RRQ 
he_PPHS1 realised_VVD you_PPY did_VDD n't_XX really_RR care_VVI ._. 

^ ^_NULL That_CST they_PPHS2 were_VBDR all_DB wash_NN1 '_" n_ZZ1 '_" wear_VV0 
fabrics_NN2 that_CST could_VM take_VVI such_DA treatment_NN1 ._. )_) 

^ ^_NULL So_RR he_PPHS1 started_VVD throwing_VVG your_APPGE typewriter_NN1 
outside_RL instead_RR ._. 

^ (_( ^_NULL Poor_JJ old_JJ dented_JJ Imperial_NP1 66_MC ,_, circa_RG 1960_MC 
._. 

^ ^_NULL Good_JJ job_NN1 they_PPHS2 made_VVD '_" em_NN1 tough_NN1 in_II 
those_DD2 days_NNT2 !_! )_) 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Destroying_VVG your_APPGE manuscripts_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Your_APPGE published_JJ short_JJ stories_NN2 ,_, articles_NN2 and_CC 
features_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Ripping_VVG up_RP the_AT only_JJ rough_JJ drafts_NN2 of_IO 
almost-ready-to-be-published_FU work_VV0 ,_, and_CC the_AT greatest_JJT 
grief_NN1 of_IO all_DB *-_- burning_VVG your_APPGE five-year_JJ diary_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL You_PPY did_VDD n't_XX even_RR realise_VVI that_CST it_PPH1 
was_VBDZ grief_NN1 that_CST had_VHD you_PPY literally_RR rolling_VVG on_II 
the_AT floor_NN1 in_II pain_NN1 that_DD1 night_NNT1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT night_NNT1 he_PPHS1 forced_VVD you_PPY to_TO watch_VVI as_CSA 
he_PPHS1 ripped_VVD it_PPH1 apart_RL page_NN1 by_II page_NN1 and_CC fed_VVD 
it_PPH1 to_II the_AT fire_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Burning_VVG too_RR the_AT love_NN1 letter_NN1 from_II Jonathan_NP1 
Logan_NP1 ,_, aged_II 7_MC ,_, to_II your_APPGE daughter_NN1 Sarah_NP1 aged_II 
6_MC 1/2_MF ,_, saying_VVG how_RRQ he_PPHS1 wanted_VVD to_TO marry_VVI 
her_PPHO1 when_RRQ he_PPHS1 grew_VVD up_RP ._. 

^ (_( ^_NULL Lucky_JJ Jonathan_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Saved_VVN from_II a_AT1 future_JJ Breach_NN1 of_IO Promise_NN1 
case_NN1 perhaps_RR ?_? )_) 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB at_II the_AT time_NNT1 you_PPY did_VDD n't_XX realise_VVI 
that_CST it_PPH1 was_VBDZ grief_NN1 that_CST could_VM gnaw_VVI at_II 
your_APPGE gut_NN1 and_CC reduce_VVI you_PPY to_II sobs_NN2 *-_- merely_RR 
for_IF a_AT1 lost_JJ dream_NN1 of_IO love_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL You_PPY thought_VVD you_PPY had_VHD to_TO lose_VVI a_AT1 real_JJ 
flesh_NN1 and_CC blood_NN1 person_NN1 in_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO feel_VVI 
such_DA pain_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL You_PPY did_VDD n't_XX realise_VVI you_PPY could_VM lose_VVI 
them_PPHO2 and_CC feel_VVI such_DA grief_NN1 at_II the_AT loss_NN1 ,_, 
whilst_CS they_PPHS2 continued_VVD to_TO live_VVI in_II the_AT same_DA 
house_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL That_DD1 came_VVD later_RRR ._. 

^ ^_NULL When_CS you_PPY did_VDD the_AT Human_JJ Relations_NN2 Course_NN1 
in_II Human_JJ Growth_NN1 and_CC Development_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Or_CC was_VBDZ it_PPH1 the_AT course_NN1 teaching_VVG you_PPY how_RRQ 
to_TO become_VVI a_AT1 Samaritan_NN1 telephonist_NN1 ?_? 

^ ^_NULL You_PPY decided_VVD to_TO do_VDI *2_NULL THAT_DD1 *0_NULL when_RRQ 
you_PPY realised_VVD the_AT abysmal_JJ quality_NN1 of_IO some_DD of_IO the_AT 
help_NN1 that_CST was_VBDZ available_JJ to_II *2_NULL YOU_PPY ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL When_CS that_DD1 very_RG correct_JJ (_( and_CC 
newly_RR qualified_VVD )_) marriage_NN1 guidance_NN1 counsellor_NN1 said_VVD 
to_II you_PPY in_II a_AT1 properly_RR impassive_JJ and_CC non-committal_NN1 
tone_NN1 *-_- *"_" ^_NULL Come_VV0 now_RT ,_, surely_RR you_PPY do_VD0 n't_XX 
want_VVI *2_NULL ME_NN1 *0_NULL to_TO enter_VVI into_II your_APPGE 
argument_NN1 do_VD0 you_PPY ?_? **"_" when_CS you_PPY had_VHD told_VVN 
her_PPHO1 of_IO the_AT dreadful_JJ untrue_JJ things_NN2 he_PPHS1 had_VHD 
accused_VVN you_PPY of_IO ._. 

^ ^_NULL Yes_UH !_! 

^ ^_NULL Of_RR21 course_RR22 you_PPY wanted_VVD her_PPHO1 to_TO *"_" enter_VVI 
into_II the_AT argument_NN1 **"_" ._. 

^ ^_NULL You_PPY really_RR thought_VVD you_PPY were_VBDR going_VVG crazy_JJ 
*-_- as_CSA he_PPHS1 kept_VVD maintaining_VVG ._. 

^ ^_NULL And_CC if_CSW he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ right_JJ ,_, and_CC you_PPY were_VBDR 
so_RG very_RG wrong_JJ ,_, then_RT you_PPY needed_VVD to_TO be_VBI told_VVN 
that_DD1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL You_PPY needed_VVD a_AT1 second_MD opinion_NN1 so_CS21 that_CS22 
you_PPY could_VM then_RT be_VBI helped_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL Please_RR God_NP1 *-_- there_EX *2_NULL MUST_VM *0_NULL be_VBI 
help_NN1 available_JJ if_CS you_PPY are_VBR the_AT one_PN1 that_CST needs_VVZ 
it_PPH1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL So_RR you_PPY *0_NULL try_VV0 another_DD1 marriage_NN1 
guidance_NN1 counsellor_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 's_VBZ lovely_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 listens_VVZ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Occasionally_RR she_PPHS1 comments_VVZ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Helps_VVZ you_PPY to_TO see_VVI your_APPGE errors_NN2 of_IO 
judgement_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Sometimes_RT she_PPHS1 cautions_VVZ and_CC eventually_RR she_PPHS1 
says_VVZ *-_- *"_" ^_NULL I_PPIS1 'm_VBM sorry_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL If_CS what_DDQ you_PPY are_VBR saying_VVG about_II your_APPGE 
husband_NN1 's_VBZ behaviour_NN1 is_VBZ true_JJ ,_, and_CC I_PPIS1 have_VH0 
no_AT reason_NN1 to_TO doubt_VVI you_PPY ,_, and_CC if_CSW he_PPHS1 
continues_VVZ to_TO refuse_VVI to_TO see_VVI me_PPIO1 ,_, then_RT there_EX 
is_VBZ nothing_PN1 further_RRR I_PPIS1 can_VM do_VDI ._. 

^ ^_NULL Except_CS to_TO tell_VVI you_PPY that_CST I_PPIS1 think_VV0 he_PPHS1 
needs_VVZ help_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Badly_NP1 ._. **"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL So_RR do_VD0 I._NP1 |_NULL ^_NULL So_CS I_PPIS1 see_VV0 the_AT 
Minister_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 tells_VVZ me_PPIO1 to_TO read_VVI the_AT words_NN2 of_IO 
\_NULL St_NP Paul_NP1 and_CC to_TO pray_VVI ._. 

^ ^_NULL So_RR I_PPIS1 see_VV0 the_AT Doctor_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 takes_VVZ detailed_JJ notes_NN2 of_IO my_APPGE bruises_NN2 
and_CC tells_VVZ me_PPIO1 to_TO get_VVI a_AT1 good_JJ lawyer_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL So_RR I_PPIS1 see_VV0 the_AT Lawyer_NN1 (_( happily_RR married_JJ )_) 
who_PNQS proceeds_VVZ to_II first_MD ,_, make_VV0 a_AT1 pass_NN1 at_II 
me_PPIO1 ,_, and_CC then_RT get_VV0 testy_NN1 when_RRQ I_PPIS1 refuse_VV0 
to_TO immediately_RR denounce_VVI my_APPGE husband_NN1 ,_, my_APPGE 
marriage_NN1 (_( of_IO so_RG many_DA2 years_NNT2 )_) ,_, my_APPGE home_NN1 ,_, 
my_APPGE family_NN and_CC my_APPGE life_NN1 and_CC instantly_RR sue_VV0 for_IF 
divorce_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 is_VBZ so_RG frustrated_JJ ,_, he_PPHS1 tells_VVZ me_PPIO1 
,_, by_II women_NN2 like_II me_PPIO1 ,_, who_PNQS choose_VV0 instead_RR to_TO 
stay_VVI in_II a_AT1 ridiculous_JJ *"_" no_AT win_NN1 **"_" situation_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 learn_VV0 later_RRR ,_, when_CS doing_VDG voluntary_JJ 
work_NN1 in_II a_AT1 local_JJ women_NN2 's_GE refuge_NN1 ,_, that_CST there_EX 
are_VBR hundreds_NNO2 ,_, probably_RR thousands_NNO2 ,_, like_II me_PPIO1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Lots_PN of_IO them_PPHO2 far_RG worse_RRR off_RP than_CSN I_PPIS1 
am_VBM ._. 

^ ^_NULL And_CC all_DB we_PPIS2 have_VH0 left_VVN is_VBZ hope_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Some_DD of_IO us_PPIO2 find_NN1 comfort_NN1 in_II the_AT words_NN2 
of_IO Theocritus_NN1 *-_- *"_" ^_NULL Hope_NN1 walks_VVZ with_IW life_NN1 ,_, 
only_RR in_II death_NN1 does_VDZ hope_VVI end_NN1 ._. **"_" 

^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 151+TEXT+F08_FO **]_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL IT_PPH1 'S_VBZ 8.30_MC {_NULL AM_RA }_NULL AND_CC 
THE_AT TELEphone_NN1 is_VBZ already_RR ringing_VVG as_CSA Neil_NP1 
Mackenzie_NP1 unlocks_VVZ the_AT door_NN1 of_IO the_AT small_JJ shabby_JJ 
building_NN1 that_CST houses_VVZ the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 {_NULL AIDS_NN1 
}_NULL Foundation_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 must_VM be_VBI one_MC1 of_IO downtown_JJ Auckland_NP1 's_GE 
last_MD remaining_JJ Victorian_JJ edifices_NN2 ,_, a_AT1 tiny_JJ one-room_JJ 
wide_JJ three-rooms_NN2 long_RR ornate_JJ brick_NN1 structure_NN1 about_II 
the_AT size_NN1 of_IO a_ZZ1 two_MC car_NN1 garage_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ precariously_RR perched_VVN on_II the_AT crumbling_JJ 
edge_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 vast_JJ demolition_NN1 site_NN1 one_MC1 block_NN1 up_RP 
from_II Queen_NNB Street_NP1 ,_, just_RR by_II Albert_NP Park_NNL1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Before_CS Neil_NP1 can_VM get_VVI through_II the_AT door_NN1 
,_, the_AT answering_JJ machine_NN1 clicks_VVZ into_II action_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" Hello_UH ,_, you_PPY have_VH0 reached_VVN the_AT {_NULL 
NZ_NP }_NULL {_NULL AIDS_NN1 }_NULL Foundation_NN1 toll-free_JJ hotline_NN1 
number_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL No_PN121 one_PN122 is_VBZ available_JJ right_NN now_RT to_TO take_VVI 
your_APPGE call_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 phone_NN1 is_VBZ attended_JJ weekday_NNT1 office_NN1 
hours_NNT2 ,_, 8.30_MC to_II 4.30_MC ,_, and_CC in_II the_AT evenings_NNT2 
Monday_NPD1 to_II Friday_NPD1 ,_, 6_MC {_NULL pm_RA }_NULL to_II 10_MC {_NULL 
pm_RA }_NULL ._. 

^ ^_NULL If_CS you_PPY 'd_VM like_VVI to_TO leave_VVI a_AT1 message_NN1 
after_II the_AT tone_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 'll_VM get_VVI back_RP to_II you_PPY 
as_RG soon_RR as_CSA possible_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Thank_VV0 you_PPY for_IF your_APPGE call_NN1 ._. **"_" 

^ ^_NULL The_AT caller_NN1 waits_VVZ a_DD221 few_DD222 moments_NN2 ,_, and_CC 
then_RT hangs_VVZ up_RP without_IW saying_VVG a_AT1 word_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" We_PPIS2 get_VV0 quite_RR a_DD221 few_DD222 silent_JJ 
callers_NN2 ,_, **"_" explains_VVZ Neil_NP1 ,_, switching_VVG the_AT 
phones_NN2 over_RP to_II Day_NP1 ._. 

^ *"_" ^_NULL I_PPIS1 think_VV0 some_DD people_NN are_VBR just_RR too_RG 
frightened_JJ and_CC shy_JJ to_TO ask_VVI for_IF help_NN1 ._. **"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Neil_NP1 ,_, young_JJ and_CC good_JJ looking_VVG ,_, is_VBZ 
fashionably_RR dressed_VVN in_II a_AT1 soft_JJ grey_JJ shirt_NN1 ,_, very_RG 
full_JJ cut_NN1 trousers_NN2 and_CC a_AT1 black_JJ leather_NN1 tie_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 goes_VVZ round_RP opening_VVG up_RP for_IF the_AT day_NNT1 
and_CC fills_VVZ the_AT electric_JJ jug_NN1 with_IW water_NN1 to_TO make_VVI 
coffee_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT premises_NN2 still_RR look_VV0 very_RG much_DA1 like_II 
the_AT solicitor_NN1 's_VHZ offices_NN2 they_PPHS2 were_VBDR before_II the_AT 
Foundation_NN1 moved_VVD in_RP ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 're_VBR painted_VVN a_AT1 dirty_JJ cream_NN1 and_CC the_AT 
glass_NN1 partitions_NN2 between_II the_AT rooms_NN2 have_VH0 drab_JJ olive_JJ 
green_JJ twill_NN1 curtains_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Posters_NP1 advertising_NN1 Safe_JJ Sex_NN1 are_VBR blue-tacked_JJ 
to_II the_AT walls_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Neil_NP1 works_VVZ in_II what_DDQ was_VBDZ the_AT 
receptionist_NN1 's_VBZ office_NN1 ,_, now_RT crowded_VVD with_IW a_AT1 
desk_NN1 ,_, several_DA2 chairs_NN2 ,_, a_AT1 large_JJ office_NN1 cabinet_NNJ 
,_, two_MC ancient_JJ manual_JJ typewriters_NN2 ,_, several_DA2 telephones_NN2 
and_CC answering_VVG machines_NN2 and_CC a_AT1 cold_JJ water-only_JJ 
stainless_JJ steel_NN1 sink_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Opposite_RL ,_, through_II the_AT glass-louvre_JJ partition_NN1 ,_, 
is_VBZ a_AT1 waiting_NN1 room_NN1 ,_, empty_JJ save_II an_AT1 enormous_JJ 
U-Bix_NP1 copier_NN1 and_CC sorting_VVG machine_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT front_JJ office_NN1 is_VBZ shared_VVN by_II Ray_NP1 
Taylor_NP1 who_PNQS supervised_VVD the_AT training_NN1 of_IO the_AT 
counsellors_NN2 and_CC the_AT support_NN1 network_NN1 ,_, and_CC Tony_NP1 
Hughes_NP1 ,_, the_AT bio-medical_JJ co_NNJ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL 
-ordinator_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Tony_NP1 spends_VVZ his_APPGE days_NNT2 interfacing_VVG between_II 
the_AT public_NN and_CC the_AT medical_JJ profession_NN1 and_CC organises_VVZ 
the_AT mass_NN1 of_IO research_NN1 data_NN flooding_VVG into_II the_AT 
office_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 he_PPHS1 catalogues_VVZ and_CC files_NN2 ,_, thus_RR 
creating_VVG a_AT1 library_NN1 for_IF local_JJ health_NN1 care_NN1 
professionals_NN2 and_CC scientists_NN2 ._. 

^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Megan_NP1 Grant_NP1 works_VVZ 
out_RP in_II the_AT back_NN1 office_NN1 at_II a_AT1 small_JJ desk_NN1 
jammed_VVD in_II the_AT corner_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT Foundation_NNJ 's_GE board_NN1 meetings_NN2 take_VV0 place_NN1 
in_II this_DD1 room_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Megan_NP1 acts_VVZ as_II secretary_NN1 and_CC is_VBZ also_RR the_AT 
office_NN1 manager_NN1 ,_, keeping_VVG accounts_NN2 ,_, paying_VVG wages_NN2 
and_CC ordering_VVG supplies_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Megan_NP1 ,_, as_CSA is_VBZ usual_JJ for_IF the_AT only_JJ woman_NN1 
working_VVG with_IW a_AT1 group_NN of_IO men_NN2 ,_, acts_VVZ as_II an_AT1 
emotional_JJ buffer_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 barometer_NN1 with_IW which_DDQ to_TO 
gauge_VVI the_AT mood_NN1 of_IO the_AT day_NNT1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX 's_VBZ no_AT staff_NN room_NN1 ,_, no_AT hot_JJ 
water_NN1 ,_, no_AT fridge_NN1 ,_, not_XX even_RR a_AT1 toilet_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL If_CS you_PPY want_VV0 that_DD1 facility_NN1 you_PPY pick_VV0 up_RP 
the_AT key_NN1 from_II Neil_NP1 ,_, go_NN1 out_RP the_AT front_JJ door_NN1 ,_, 
along_II an_AT1 alley_NN1 ,_, down_II some_DD stairs_NN2 and_CC there_EX 
's_VBZ the_AT toilet_NN1 in_II the_AT car_NN1 park_NN1 of_IO the_AT dental_JJ 
hospital_NN1 next_MD door_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT Foundation_NN1 does_VDZ n't_XX even_RR have_VHI its_APPGE 
own_DA carpark_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Tony_NP1 Hughes_NP1 ,_, the_AT only_JJ one_PN1 to_TO drive_VVI to_TO 
work_VVI ,_, parks_VVZ out_RP on_II the_AT street_NN1 and_CC keeps_VVZ a_AT1 
constant_JJ lookout_NN1 for_IF the_AT meter_NN1 woman_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *2_NULL MEGAN_NP1 ARRIVES_VVZ ._. 

^ ^_NULL SHE_PPHS1 'S_VBZ A_AT1 REMARKABLY_RR *0_NULL pretty_JJ woman_NN1 ,_, 
trim_NN1 ,_, petite_JJ with_IW an_AT1 alert_JJ sensitive_JJ face_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Neil_NP1 makes_VVZ her_PPHO1 a_AT1 cup_NN1 of_IO coffee_NN1 and_CC 
they_PPHS2 stand_VV0 by_II the_AT phones_NN2 chatting_VVG about_II their_APPGE 
day_NNT1 and_CC the_AT complexities_NN2 of_IO the_AT {_NULL IR_NN1 }_NULL 
12_MC form_VV0 Neil_NP1 is_VBZ filling_VVG in_RP ._. 

^ ^_NULL Their_APPGE talk_NN1 is_VBZ constantly_RR interrupted_VVN by_II 
the_AT clamour_NN1 of_IO the_AT phones_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Neil_NP1 gives_VVZ out_RP a_AT1 list_NN1 of_IO the_AT 
common_JJ symptoms_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 progressive_JJ infection_NN1 with_IW the_AT 
{_NULL AIDS_NN1 }_NULL virus_NN1 ,_, all_DB signals_NN2 from_II an_AT1 
immune_JJ system_NN1 that_CST is_VBZ breaking_VVG down_RP ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" Let_VM21 's_VM22 see_VVI *-_- there_EX 's_VBZ extreme_JJ 
and_CC constant_JJ tiredness_NN1 ;_; recurrent_JJ fevers_NN2 ,_, chills_NN2 
or_CC night_NNT1 sweats_NN2 ;_; rapid_JJ weight_NN1 loss_NN1 for_IF no_AT 
apparent_JJ reason_NN1 ;_; swollen_JJ lymph_NN1 glands_NN2 in_II the_AT 
neck_NN1 ,_, underarm_RR or_CC groin_NN1 area_NN1 ;_; white_JJ spots_NN2 or_CC 
unusual_JJ blemishes_NN2 in_II the_AT mouth_NN1 ;_; skin_NN1 blotches_NN2 ,_, 
raised_VVD purple_JJ ones_NN2 ;_; persistent_JJ dry_JJ cough_NN1 ;_; 
diarrhoea_NN1 ._. **"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Everyone_PN1 at_II the_AT Foundation_NN1 can_VM reel_VVI 
the_AT symptoms_NN2 off_II as_RG easily_RR as_CSA a_AT1 toddler_NN1 
reciting_VVG a_AT1 nursery_NN1 rhyme_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT next_MD call_NN1 comes_VVZ from_II someone_PN1 
worrying_JJ about_II catching_VVG {_NULL AIDS_NN1 }_NULL from_II having_VHG 
shared_VVN a_AT1 spa_NN1 pool_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 gay_JJ cousin_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" We_PPIS2 get_VV0 a_AT1 lot_NN of_IO calls_NN2 from_II 
people_NN worried_JJ about_II casual_JJ contact_NN1 with_IW gays_NN2 and_CC 
lesbians_NN2 ,_, **"_" explains_VVZ Neil_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL *"_" This_DD1 is_VBZ despite_II all_DB the_AT educational_JJ 
material_NN1 that_CST stresses_VVZ that_DD1 {_NULL AIDS_NN1 }_NULL is_VBZ 
a_AT1 very_RG difficult_JJ virus_NN1 to_TO contract_VVI ,_, and_CC that_CST 
no_AT one_MC1 has_VHZ ever_RR caught_VVN it_PPH1 through_II having_VHG 
close_JJ daily_JJ contact_NN1 with_IW {_NULL PWA_NN1 }_NULL s_ZZ1 (_( 
People_NN With_IW {_NULL AIDS_NN1 }_NULL )_) ._. 

^ ^_NULL You_PPY ca_VM n't_XX reassure_VVI people_NN enough_RR ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" We_PPIS2 've_VH0 had_VHN several_DA2 unusual_JJ calls_NN2 
._. 

^ ^_NULL One_PN1 from_II a_AT1 person_NN1 worried_JJ about_II lying_VVG on_II 
the_AT same_DA beach_NN1 as_CSA gay_JJ men_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL One_PN1 from_II a_AT1 teenage_JJ boy_NN1 anxious_JJ about_II 
developing_JJ {_NULL AIDS_NN1 }_NULL after_II eating_VVG his_APPGE own_DA 
semen_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Oh_UH ,_, and_CC we_PPIS2 get_VV0 a_AT1 lot_NN of_IO mosquito_NN1 
calls_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL People_NN nervous_JJ about_II mosquitoes_NN2 biting_VVG someone_PN1 
with_IW {_NULL AIDS_NN1 }_NULL and_CC flying_VVG into_II their_APPGE house_NN1 
and_CC biting_VVG them_PPHO2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL All_DB you_PPY can_VM do_VDI is_VBZ repeat_NN1 that_CST there_EX 
is_VBZ no_AT evidence_NN1 of_IO {_NULL AIDS_NN1 }_NULL ever_RR having_VHG 
been_VBN transmitted_VVN by_II mosquitoes_NN2 ,_, sweat_NN1 ,_, saliva_NN1 ,_, 
swimming_VVG pools_NN2 ,_, through_II the_AT air_NN1 ,_, whatever_DDQV ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" To_TO contract_VVI {_NULL AIDS_NN1 }_NULL you_PPY must_VM 
exchange_VVI body_NN1 fluids_NN2 with_IW someone_PN1 already_RR infected_VVN 
._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 usually_RR happens_VVZ during_II intimate_JJ sexual_JJ 
contact_NN1 or_CC through_II sharing_VVG an_AT1 infected_JJ intravenous_JJ 
needle_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" Less_RGR often_RR it_PPH1 appears_VVZ to_TO have_VHI 
been_VBN transmitted_VVN through_II infected_JJ blood_NN1 or_CC blood_NN1 
product_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Now_CS21 that_CS22 this_DD1 is_VBZ known_JJ blood_NN1 is_VBZ 
tested_VVN and_CC treated_VVN so_CS21 that_CS22 no_AT virus-containing_JJ 
blood_NN1 is_VBZ used_VVN anymore_RR ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" The_AT reason_NN1 there_EX was_VBDZ so_RG much_DA1 
infected_JJ blood_NN1 about_II is_VBZ because_CS so_RG much_DA1 donated_JJ 
blood_NN1 comes_VVZ from_II people_NN who_PNQS sell_VV0 their_APPGE blood_NN1 
to_II the_AT collecting_JJ agencies_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL These_DD2 agencies_NN2 collect_VV0 the_AT blood_NN1 in_II prisons_NN2 
,_, in_II the_AT poor_JJ areas_NN2 of_IO towns_NN2 where_RRQ junkies_NN2 
and_CC prostitutes_NN2 live_VV0 ,_, and_CC in_II Third_MD World_NN1 
countries_NN2 in_II the_AT Caribbean_NP1 and_CC Africa_NP1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" We_PPIS2 're_VBR lucky_JJ now_RT to_TO know_VVI that_CST 
the_AT {_NULL AIDS_NN1 }_NULL virus_NN1 is_VBZ easy_JJ to_TO kill_VVI in_II 
collected_JJ blood_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL 10_MC minutes_NNT2 heat_NN1 at_II 70_MC *@_NNU \_NULL C_ZZ1 ,_, or_CC 
a_ZZ1 one-in-four_MC solution_NN1 of_IO household_NN1 bleach_NN1 destroys_VVZ 
it_PPH1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" I_PPIS1 think_VV0 my_APPGE oddest_JJT call_NN1 was_VBDZ 
from_II someone_PN1 who_PNQS 'd_VHD been_VBN listening_VVG to_TO talk_VVI 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL -back_JJ radio_NN1 and_CC heard_VVD how_RRQ 
scientists_NN2 have_VH0 discovered_VVN the_AT {_NULL AIDS_NN1 }_NULL virus_NN1 
closely_RR resembles_VVZ the_AT scrapie_NN1 retro-virus_NN1 found_VVN in_II 
sheep_NN ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 causes_VVZ progressive_JJ degeneration_NN1 of_IO the_AT 
sheep_NN 's_GE brain_NN1 ,_, ending_VVG with_IW the_AT poor_JJ sheep_NN 
literally_RR scraping_VVG itself_PPX1 to_II death_NN1 on_II posts_NN2 and_CC 
trees_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Some_DD of_IO the_AT autopsies_NN2 on_II {_NULL PWA_NN1 }_NULL s_ZZ1 
show_VV0 a_AT1 similar_JJ pattern_NN1 of_IO brain_NN1 degeneration_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Anyway_RR ,_, there_EX 's_VBZ this_DD1 caller_NN1 asking_NN1 *'_" 
^_NULL Can_VM I_PPIS1 eat_VVI the_AT lamb_NN1 chops_VVZ I_ZZ1 've_VH0 
bought_VVN for_IF dinner_NN1 ?_? 

^ ^_NULL Or_CC should_VM I_PPIS1 just_RR throw_VVI them_PPHO2 out_RP ?_? 

^ **'_" |_NULL ^_NULL *2_NULL IT_PPH1 'S_VBZ TIME_NNT1 FOR_IF NEIL_NP1 TO_TO 
GO_VVI OUT_RP TO_TO *0_NULL pick_VVI up_RP the_AT mail_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Megan_NP1 comes_VVZ in_RP to_TO take_VVI over_II the_AT phones_NN2 
,_, and_CC at_II the_AT same_DA time_NNT1 Tony_NP1 and_CC Ray_NP1 arrive_VV0 
for_IF work_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Ray_NP1 is_VBZ a_AT1 big_JJ sturdy_JJ guy_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 
solid_JJ reassuring_JJ persona_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 looks_VVZ like_II a_AT1 great_JJ shoulder_NN1 to_TO lean_VVI 
on_RP ._. 

^ ^_NULL Tony_NP1 is_VBZ lean_JJ and_CC wiry_JJ ,_, with_IW a_AT1 bright_JJ 
enthusiastic_JJ manner_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Both_DB2 are_VBR casually_RR dressed_VVN ,_, Ray_NP1 in_II a_AT1 
loose_JJ cotton_NN1 shirt_NN1 and_CC shorts_NN2 ,_, Tony_NP1 in_II a_AT1 
plaid_NN1 shirt_NN1 and_CC grey_JJ cords_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Both_DB2 kick_VV0 their_APPGE shoes_NN2 off_RP and_CC settle_VV0 
at_II their_APPGE desks_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Everyone_PN1 greets_VVZ each_PPX221 other_PPX222 in_II a_AT1 
cheery_JJ friendly_JJ way_NN1 ,_, laughing_VVG out_RP loud_RR at_II a_AT1 
flurry_NN1 of_IO jokes_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ similar_JJ to_II the_AT mood_NN1 found_VVN among_II 
doctors_NN2 and_CC nurses_NN2 and_CC others_NN2 who_PNQS work_VV0 in_II 
serious_JJ situations_NN2 dealing_VVG with_IW personal_JJ stress_NN1 and_CC 
possible_JJ death_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL There_EX 's_VBZ a_AT1 supportive_JJ camaraderie_NN1 and_CC mutual_JJ 
uplift_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT day_NNT1 is_VBZ warming_VVG up_RP ,_, turning_VVG 
into_II one_MC1 of_IO those_DD2 muggy_JJ Auckland_NP1 days_NNT2 people_NN 
expect_VV0 of_IO summer_NNT1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Tony_NP1 throws_NN2 open_VV0 the_AT windows_NN2 to_II the_AT busy_JJ 
Kitchener_NP Street_NNL1 footpath_NN1 with_IW its_APPGE stream_NN1 of_IO 
pedestrians_NN2 ,_, most_DAT looking_VVG as_CS21 if_CS22 they_PPHS2 have_VH0 
business_NN1 in_II the_AT District_NN1 Court_NN1 a_DD221 few_DD222 metres_NNU2 
down_II the_AT1 street_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Gang_NN1 members_NN2 wearing_VVG patches_NN2 stand_VV0 around_RP 
battered_VVD Kingswoods_NP1 and_CC Falcons_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Rough_JJ tattooed_JJ women_NN2 in_II cheap_JJ cotton_NN1 shifts_VVZ 
from_II Asia_NP1 puff_VV0 furiously_RR on_II their_APPGE cigarettes_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Lawyers_NN2 in_II crumpled_JJ working_JJ suits_NN2 carry_VV0 
manilla_NN1 folders_NN2 stuffed_VVD with_IW papers_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 's_VBZ a_AT1 tense_JJ and_CC bitter_JJ scene_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT downside_NN1 of_IO life_NN1 in_II the_AT Big_JJ Smoke_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Tony_NP1 Hughes_NP1 is_VBZ talking_VVG about_II the_AT 
evolution_NN1 of_IO the_AT Foundation_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 has_VHZ a_AT1 swift_JJ way_NN1 of_IO speaking_VVG ,_, 
almost_RR shorthand_NN1 ;_; his_APPGE hands_NN2 constantly_RR describe_VV0 
arcs_NN2 and_CC rectangles_VVZ in_II the_AT air_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" Bruce_NP1 Burnett_NP1 started_VVD it_PPH1 all_DB off_RP 
._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 'd_VHD been_VBN living_VVG in_II San_NP Francisco_NP1 
working_VVG for_IF the_AT Shanti_NP1 Project_NN1 helping_NN1 {_NULL PWA_NN1 
}_NULL s_ZZ1 and_CC their_APPGE families_NN2 cope_VV0 with_IW the_AT many_DA2 
serious_JJ illnesses_NN2 that_CST the_AT {_NULL AIDS_NN1 }_NULL virus_NN1 
brings_VVZ ._. **"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" Ray_NP1 worked_VVD there_RL too_RR ,_, **"_" adds_VVZ 
Tony_NP1 ,_, indicating_VVG Ray_NP1 at_II the_AT adjacent_JJ desk_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Ray_NP1 is_VBZ busy_JJ on_II the_AT phone_NN1 discussing_VVG a_AT1 
weekend_NNT1 training_VVG course_NN1 for_IF volunteer_NN1 home_RL support_VV0 
teams_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" In_II September_NPM1 1984_MC ,_, when_CS more_RR21 
than_RR22 2,500_MC Americans_NN2 had_VHD already_RR died_VVN of_IO {_NULL 
AIDS_NN1 }_NULL ,_, Bruce_NP1 returned_VVD to_TO New_NP Zealand_NP1 ,_, to_II 
a_AT1 country_NN1 completely_RR unprepared_JJ for_IF an_AT1 {_NULL AIDS_NN1 
}_NULL epidemic_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" {_NULL AIDS_NN1 }_NULL had_VHD been_VBN given_VVN 
little_RR press_VV0 apart_II21 from_II22 the_AT *2_NULL MYSTERIOUS_JJ GAY_JJ 
KILLER_NN1 SENSATION_NN1 *0_NULL sort_NN1 of_IO thing_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Because_CS {_NULL AIDS_NN1 }_NULL was_VBDZ first_MD perceived_VVD 
as_II a_AT1 gay_JJ male_JJ disease_NN1 which_DDQ was_VBDZ sexually_RR 
transmitted_VVN by_II promiscuous_JJ anal_JJ sex_NN1 ,_, and_CC thus_RR 
was_VBDZ unlikely_JJ to_TO affect_VVI the_AT general_JJ public_NN ,_, it_PPH1 
rated_VVD little_DA1 attention_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL No_PN121 one_PN122 was_VBDZ keen_JJ to_TO be_VBI associated_VVN 
with_IW such_DA a_AT1 distasteful_JJ malady_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 had_VHD all_DB the_AT taboos_NN2 *-_- sex_NN1 ,_, drugs_NN2 
,_, gays_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL All_DB low_JJ on_II anyone_PN1 's_GE agenda_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Those_DD2 people_NN who_PNQS tried_VVD to_TO help_VVI were_VBDR 
vilified_VVN by_II right_JJ wing_NN1 politicians_NN2 and_CC fundamentalist_JJ 
religious_JJ groups_NN2 as_II closet_NN1 gays_NN2 or_CC other_JJ insulting_JJ 
epithets_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL *"_" ^_NULL From_II his_APPGE San_NP Francisco_NP1 experiences_NN2 
,_, Bruce_NP1 knew_VVD there_EX was_VBDZ n't_XX a_AT1 lot_NN of_IO time_NNT1 
before_II {_NULL AIDS_NN1 }_NULL would_VM be_VBI a_AT1 serious_JJ problem_NN1 
here_RL ._. 

^ ^_NULL Already_RR two_MC men_NN2 had_VHD died_VVN ,_, but_CCB their_APPGE 
deaths_NN2 were_VBDR treated_VVN as_CSA *'_" overseas_JJ **'_" cases_NN2 ,_, 
not_XX a_AT1 domestic_JJ illness_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Bruce_NP1 contacted_VVD all_DB the_AT people_NN he_PPHS1 could_VM 
think_VVI of_IO ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 held_VVD public_JJ meetings_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 spoke_VVD to_II the_AT media_NN ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 wanted_VVD to_TO organise_VVI a_AT1 prevention_NN1 
campaign_NN1 *-_- with_IW no_AT vaccine_NN1 in_II sight_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 
very_RG long_JJ time_NNT1 prevention_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT only_JJ cure_NN1 *-_- 
and_CC a_AT1 supportive_JJ network_NN1 of_IO helpers_NN2 who_PNQS would_VM 
provide_VVI home_RL help_VV0 and_CC counselling_NN1 for_IF those_DD2 who_PNQS 
actually_RR contracted_JJ {_NULL AIDS_NN1 }_NULL ._. **"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Outside_RL on_II the_AT footpath_NN1 a_AT1 couple_NN1 
start_NN1 into_II a_AT1 violent_JJ argument_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Not_XX allowing_VVG himself_PPX1 to_TO be_VBI distracted_VVN ,_, 
Tony_NP1 continues_VVZ ._. 

^ |_NULL *"_" ^_NULL This_DD1 was_VBDZ when_RRQ I_PPIS1 met_VVD Bruce_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 'd_VHD been_VBN involved_JJ in_II conservation_NN1 
activities_NN2 for_IF several_DA2 years_NNT2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II '_" 83_MC I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ the_AT National_JJ Conservation_NN1 
Officer_NN1 for_IF the_AT Native_NP Forest_NNL1 Action_NN1 Council_NNJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II '_" 84_MC I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 Director_NN1 of_IO the_AT 
Whirinaki_NP Forest_NNL1 Promotion_NN1 Trust_NNJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 bought_VVD **[_NULL sic_RR **]_NULL David_NP1 Bellamy_NP1 
out_RP to_TO promote_VVI that_DD1 cause_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" I_PPIS1 've_VH0 an_AT1 {_NULL M.Sc_NP1 ._. 

^ }_NULL in_II Zoology_NN1 and_CC always_RR read_VVN biological_JJ 
journals_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Since_II 1981_MC there_EX 'd_VHD been_VBN mentions_NN2 of_IO 
these_DD2 mysterious_JJ wasting_JJ diseases_NN2 and_CC cancers_NN2 killing_VVG 
otherwise_RR young_JJ and_CC healthy_JJ gay_JJ men_NN2 in_II the_AT {_NULL 
US_PPIO2 }_NULL ._. 

^ ^_NULL Paul_NP1 Goldwater_NP1 ,_, then_RT senior_JJ lecturer_NN1 in_II 
virology_NN1 at_II the_AT Auckland_NP1 University_NNL1 School_NN1 of_IO 
Medicine_NN1 ,_, Ian_NP1 Scott_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 local_JJ {_NULL GP_NN1 }_NULL ,_, 
and_CC I_PPIS1 started_VVD collecting_VVG research_NN1 material_NN1 on_II 
this_DD1 virus_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL So_RR ,_, when_CS Bruce_NP1 arrived_VVD here_RL I_PPIS1 happened_VVD 
to_TO be_VBI finished_VVN with_IW my_APPGE conservation_NN1 work_NN1 and_CC 
also_RR probably_RR one_MC1 of_IO the_AT better_JJR informed_JJ people_NN 
on_II {_NULL AIDS_NN1 }_NULL in_II the_AT country_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 met_VVD ,_, and_CC in_II November_NPM1 '_" 84_MC I_PPIS1 
started_VVD as_II the_AT Community_NNJ Liaison_NN1 Officer_NP1 dealing_VVG 
with_IW {_NULL AIDS_NN1 }_NULL ,_, paid_JJ {_NULL PEP_NN1 }_NULL wages_NN2 
by_II the_AT Auckland_NP City_NNL1 Council_NNJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL All_DB arranged_VVN by_II Bruce_NP1 ._. 

^ |_NULL *"_" ^_NULL In_II February_NPM1 1985_MC ,_, with_IW 4000_MC 
already_RR dead_JJ in_II the_AT {_NULL US_PPIO2 }_NULL ,_, Bruce_NP1 was_VBDZ 
given_VVN space_NN1 in_II the_AT Department_NNJ of_IO Health_NN1 offices_NN2 
behind_II the_AT Civic_JJ Theatre_NNL1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Neil_NP1 started_VVD as_CSA his_APPGE office_NN1 helper_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 got_VVD a_AT1 telephone_NN1 number_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT 
calls_NN2 from_II worried_JJ people_NN started_VVD coming_VVG it_PPH1 **[_NULL 
sic_RR **]_NULL ._. 

^ ^_NULL Remember_VV0 ,_, this_DD1 was_VBDZ when_RRQ that_DD1 American_JJ 
guy_NN1 on_II the_AT {_NULL QE2_FO }_NULL got_VVN sick_JJ and_CC there_EX 
was_VBDZ a_AT1 panic_NN1 in_II the_AT media_NN ._. 

^ ^_NULL Also_RR there_EX was_VBDZ the_AT first_MD Auckland_NP1 {_NULL 
AIDS_NN1 }_NULL death_NN1 ,_, bringing_VVG New_NP Zealand_NP1 's_GE total_NN1 
up_RG21 to_RG22 three_MC fatalities_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL *"_" ^_NULL Ray_NP1 came_VVD back_RP from_II San_NP Francisco_NP1 
for_IF a_AT1 brief_JJ visit_NN1 and_CC gave_VVD Bruce_NP1 some_DD 
invaluable_JJ help_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 never_RR saw_VVD him_PPHO1 again_RT ._. 

^ |_NULL *"_" ^_NULL Bruce_NP1 had_VHD been_VBN diagnosed_VVN as_CSA 
having_VHG an_AT1 Aids_NN1 Related_VVN Complex_JJ ,_, which_DDQ means_VVZ 
he_PPHS1 had_VHD a_DD221 few_DD222 symptoms_NN2 of_IO the_AT {_NULL AIDS_NN1 
}_NULL virus_NN1 infection_NN1 ,_, but_CCB his_APPGE immune_JJ system_NN1 
was_VBDZ n't_XX completely_RR devastated_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL Still_RR ,_, he_PPHS1 knew_VVD his_APPGE time_NNT1 was_VBDZ 
limited_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 could_VM have_VHI gone_VVN back_RP to_II San_NP 
Francisco_NP1 ,_, to_II his_APPGE old_JJ friends_NN2 and_CC the_AT best_JJT 
medical_JJ attention_NN1 available_JJ to_II {_NULL PWA_NN1 }_NULL s_ZZ1 at_II 
the_AT time_NNT1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB he_PPHS1 stayed_VVD on_RP here_RL ,_, working_VVG till_CS 
he_PPHS1 could_VM n't_XX go_VVI on_RP ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 's_VBZ impossible_JJ to_TO calculate_VVI just_RR how_RGQ 
many_DA2 people_NN will_VM owe_VVI their_APPGE lives_NN2 to_II Bruce_NP1 's_GE 
dedication_NN1 and_CC love_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE country_NN1 ._. **"_" 

^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 152+TEXT+F09_FO **]_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *2_NULL AT_II 1.15_MC {_NULL PM_NP1 }_NULL ,_, ON_II THE_AT 
FRONT_JJ STEPS_NN2 *0_NULL of_IO the_AT Waitemata_NP City_NNL1 Council_NNJ 
Chambers_NN2 a_AT1 solidly_RR built_VVN man_NN1 in_II work-worn_JJ shorts_NN2 
and_CC faded_JJ cotton_NN1 shirt_NN1 takes_VVZ off_RP his_APPGE muddy_JJ 
boots_NN2 and_CC steps_NN2 purposefully_RR through_II the_AT doors_NN2 into_II 
the_AT lobby_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 crosses_VVZ the_AT expanse_NN1 of_IO brick-red_JJ carpet_NN1 
to_II the_AT building_NN1 inspector_NN1 's_VBZ desk_NN1 ,_, leans_VVZ 
against_II the_AT burnished_JJ native_JJ wood_NN1 of_IO the_AT public_JJ 
counter_NN1 and_CC waits_VVZ to_TO be_VBI served_VVN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Around_II the_AT corner_NN1 in_II the_AT executive_NN 
offices_NN2 ,_, the_AT mayor_NN1 is_VBZ sitting_VVG at_II his_APPGE desk_NN1 
eating_VVG fish_NN and_CC chips_NN2 ,_, dipping_VVG the_AT fish_NN into_II 
a_AT1 plate_NN1 of_IO tomato_NN1 sauce_NN1 which_DDQ leans_VVZ perilously_RR 
into_II a_AT1 pile_NN1 of_IO official_JJ papers_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Between_II mouthfuls_NN2 ,_, microphone_NN1 in_II hand_NN1 ,_, 
he_PPHS1 dictates_VVZ a_AT1 letter_NN1 to_II Peter_NP1 Tapsell_NP1 ,_, 
Minister_NN1 of_IO Internal_JJ Affairs_NN2 ,_, about_II funding_VVG for_IF 
the_AT Cornwallis_NP1 urban_JJ forestry_NN1 project_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT mayor_NN1 's_VBZ gum_NN1 **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL -boots_NN2 
,_, backpack_NN1 and_CC navy_JJ wool_NN1 bush_NN1 jacket_NN1 are_VBR piled_VVN 
in_II a_AT1 corner_NN1 beneath_II a_AT1 photograph_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE 
father_NN1 in_II air_NN1 force_NN1 uniform_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 portrait_NN1 of_IO 
the_AT Maori_JJ prophet_NN1 Rua_NP1 Kenana_NP1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT mayor_NN1 and_CC the_AT man_NN1 at_II the_AT 
inspector_NN1 's_VBZ desk_NN1 have_VH0 a_PN21 lot_PN22 in_II common_JJ :_: 
they_PPHS2 are_VBR working_VVG men_NN2 ,_, of_IO the_AT earth_NN1 ,_, young_JJ 
and_CC strong_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 both_DB2 feel_VV0 vague_JJ unease_NN1 in_II this_DD1 
international_JJ hotel_NN1 lobby_NN1 environment_NN1 with_IW its_APPGE 
piped_JJ music_NN1 ,_, hanging_JJ plants_NN2 and_CC fashionable_JJ 
furnishings_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL But_CCB around_II them_PPHO2 are_VBR people_NN who_PNQS 
find_VV0 this_DD1 ambience_NN1 right_NN1 and_CC fitting_VVG :_: the_AT 
city_NN1 manager_NN1 in_II his_APPGE pinstripe_NN1 suit_NN1 swivelling_VVG 
in_II his_APPGE chair_NN1 in_II the_AT pale_JJ green_JJ office_NN1 to_TO 
look_VVI out_RP at_II the_AT straggling_JJ rose_NN1 bushes_NN2 in_II the_AT 
front_JJ garden_NN1 ;_; the_AT councillors_NN2 who_PNQS stride_VV0 across_II 
the_AT foyer_NN1 to_TO talk_VVI to_II department_NNJ heads_NN2 ;_; the_AT 
senior_JJ executive_NN staff_NN to_II whom_PNQO this_DD1 *+_NULL $5.5_NNU 
million_NNO ,_, Miles_NNU2 Warren-designed_JJ building_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 
well-deserved_JJ haven_NN1 after_II years_NNT2 in_II cramped_JJ temporary_JJ 
offices_NN2 in_II Auckland_NP City_NNL1 and_CC Henderson_NP1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT man_NN1 at_II the_AT inspector_NN1 's_VBZ desk_NN1 
comes_VVZ here_RL a_AT1 couple_NN1 of_IO times_NNT2 a_AT1 month_NNT1 with_IW 
an_AT1 application_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ the_AT mayor_NN1 's_GE permanent_JJ place_NN1 of_IO 
work_NN1 ,_, in_II the_AT monument_NN1 built_VVN by_II his_APPGE 
predecessor_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT incumbent_NN1 has_VHZ a_AT1 Greater_JJR London_NP1 Council_NNJ 
anti_JJ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL -racism_JJ poster_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 
Nuclear_JJ Weapon_NN1 Free_JJ Zone_NN1 sticker_NN1 on_II the_AT wall_NN1 
behind_II his_APPGE desk_NN1 ,_, alongside_II a_AT1 portrait_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 
young_JJ and_CC remarkably_RR slender_JJ Queen_NNB Elizabeth_NP1 flanked_VVD 
by_II the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 flag_NN1 and_CC the_AT Union_NN Jack_NP1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL If_CS the_AT young_JJ builder_NN1 passed_VVN by_II the_AT 
executive_JJ suite_NN1 on_II his_APPGE way_NN1 out_II21 of_II22 the_AT 
building_NN1 ,_, one_MC1 glance_NN1 into_II the_AT mayor_NN1 's_VBZ office_NN1 
would_VM reveal_VVI conflicts_NN2 and_CC paradoxes_NN2 at_II work_NN1 :_: 
they_PPHS2 have_VH0 dogged_VVN his_APPGE term_NN1 of_IO office_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL And_CC that_DD1 's_VBZ the_AT least_DAT of_IO it_PPH1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Before_CS he_PPHS1 even_RR assumed_JJ office_NN1 the_AT council_NNJ 
was_VBDZ suing_VVG him_PPHO1 for_IF libel_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT weeks_NNT2 that_CST followed_VVD two_MC of_IO his_APPGE 
councillors_NN2 were_VBDR swinging_VVG at_II each_PPX221 other_PPX222 in_II 
the_AT council_NNJ car_NN1 park_NN1 ,_, the_AT city_NN1 manager_NN1 was_VBDZ 
still_RR not_XX speaking_VVG to_II him_PPHO1 and_CC the_AT former_DA mayor_NN1 
was_VBDZ suing_VVG him_PPHO1 in_II what_DDQ would_VM be_VBI a_AT1 
protracted_JJ defamation_NN1 case_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Two_MC councillors_NN2 pledged_VVD support_NN1 for_IF the_AT 
mayor_NN1 from_II the_AT start_NN1 ,_, and_CC another_DD1 *-_- who_PNQS 
joined_VVD the_AT council_NNJ after_II the_AT Lincoln_NP1 ward_NN1 
by-election_NN1 *-_- plus_II a_AT1 couple_NN1 of_IO non_FW 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL -aligned_JJ councillors_NN2 ,_, can_VM be_VBI 
counted_VVN on_RP for_IF constant_JJ support_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB the_AT other_JJ 10_MC generally_RR vote_VV0 as_II a_AT1 
group_NN ,_, although_CS they_PPHS2 earnestly_RR deny_VV0 that_CST this_DD1 
can_VM be_VBI called_VVN a_AT1 block_NN1 vote_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT mayor_NN1 has_VHZ not_XX managed_VVN to_TO win_VVI them_PPHO2 
over_RP in_II two_MC and_CC a_AT1 half_DB years_NNT2 ,_, and_CC the_AT 
hostility_NN1 of_IO certain_JJ councillors_NN2 ,_, notably_RR chairman_NN1 
of_IO works_NN Ron_NP1 Manuel_NP1 ,_, towards_II him_PPHO1 is_VBZ deep_JJ 
and_CC enduring_VVG ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT mayor_NN1 acknowledges_VVZ that_CST his_APPGE adversaries_NN2 
have_VH0 made_VVN him_PPHO1 a_AT1 political_JJ neuter_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Most_DAT people_NN would_VM n't_XX touch_VVI another_DD1 
three_MC years_NNT2 of_IO this_DD1 ,_, but_CCB Timothy_NP1 Richard_NP1 
Shadbolt_NP1 will_VM again_RT stand_VVI for_IF mayor_NN1 of_IO Waitemata_NP 
City_NNL1 this_DD1 October_NPM1 and_CC await_VV0 the_AT wisdom_NN1 of_IO 
the_AT voters_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL They_PPHS2 will_VM have_VHI to_TO decide_VVI whether_CSW 
he_PPHS1 has_VHZ been_VBN a_AT1 good_JJ mayor_NN1 ;_; good_JJ enough_RR to_TO 
deserve_VVI re-election_NN1 in_II a_AT1 new_JJ city_NN1 of_IO unsettled_JJ 
politics_NN where_RRQ no_AT mayor_NN1 has_VHZ ever_RR served_VVN more_RR21 
than_RR22 one_MC1 term_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL *"_" ^_NULL *4_NULL Just_RR imagine_VV0 what_DDQ would_VM happen_VVI 
if_CSW I_PPIS1 won_VVD ._. 

^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 could_VM become_VVI one_MC1 of_IO the_AT most_RGT 
exciting_JJ creative_JJ imaginative_JJ and_CC socially_RR progressive_JJ 
communities_NNJ2 in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 have_VH0 offered_VVN myself_PPX1 to_II the_AT people_NN of_IO 
West_NP Auckland_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL That_DD1 is_VBZ all_DB I_PPIS1 can_VM do_VDI ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT choice_NN1 is_VBZ yours_PPGE ._. 

^ ^_NULL Only_RR you_PPY can_VM make_VVI it_PPH1 happen_VVI ._. **"_" 

^ *<_NULL *6_NULL TIM_NP1 SHADBOLT_NP1 ,_, 1983_MC *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL And_CC they_PPHS2 did_VDD ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT message_NN1 went_VVD out_RP to_II the_AT young_JJ families_NN2 
struggling_VVG with_IW spiralling_VVG mortgage_NN1 interest_NN1 rates_NN2 
in_II the_AT barren_JJ Universal_JJ Homes_NN2 Subdivisions_NN2 with_IW half_DB 
paved_JJ driveways_NN2 and_CC kids_NN2 '_GE bikes_NN2 at_II the_AT front_JJ 
door_NN1 and_CC a_ZZ1 rusting_VVG Cortina_NP1 parked_VVD on_II the_AT 
street_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 went_VVD out_RP to_II the_AT liberals_NN2 in_II the_AT 
Titirangi_NP1 bush_NN1 *-_- the_AT potters_NN2 and_CC teachers_NN2 ,_, 
painters_NN2 and_CC professionals_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 went_VVD out_RP ,_, perhaps_RR ,_, to_II some_DD of_IO the_AT 
traditionally_RR conservative_JJ voters_NN2 on_II the_AT Te_AT Atatu_NN1 
peninsula_NN1 in_II their_APPGE snug_JJ bungalows_NN2 with_IW gladioli_NN2 
in_II the_AT garden_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL On_II election_NN1 night_NNT1 Tim_NP1 Shadbolt_NP1 had_VHD beaten_VVN 
Tony_NP1 Covic_NP1 by_II 1179_MC votes_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT country_NN1 has_VHZ never_RR had_VHN a_AT1 mayor_NN1 
who_PNQS described_VVD himself_PPX1 as_II a_AT1 poet_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 
philosopher_NN1 before_RT ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 sensation_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL People_NN did_VDD n't_XX know_VVI quite_RR how_RRQ to_TO react_VVI 
._. 

^ ^_NULL There_EX are_VBR reports_NN2 that_CST some_DD senior_JJ council_NNJ 
officers_NN2 cried_VVD at_II the_AT news_NN1 of_IO Covic_NP1 's_GE defeat_NN1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT media_NN crowded_VVD in_RP ,_, knowing_VVG Tim_NP1 would_VM 
come_VVI up_RP with_IW his_APPGE proverbial_JJ wisecracks_NN2 and_CC loopy_JJ 
grin_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ *-_- a_AT1 year_NNT1 before_II the_AT voters_NN2 
would_VM turf_VVI out_RP Muldoon_NP1 *-_- a_AT1 heady_JJ feeling_NN1 that_CST 
now_RT anything_PN1 could_VM happen_VVI ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL His_APPGE story_NN1 will_VM pass_VVI into_II the_AT 
national_JJ folklore_NN1 :_: the_AT tough_JJ kid_NN1 from_II Blockhouse_NP 
Bay_NNL1 who_PNQS bonded_VVD his_APPGE adolescent_JJ soul_NN1 and_CC 
passions_NN2 into_II the_AT West_NP1 ,_, working_VVG at_II the_AT family_NN 
orchard_NN1 in_II Massey_NP1 for_IF his_APPGE *'_" wicked_JJ stepfather_NN1 
**'_" ,_, who_PNQS briefly_RR flirted_VVD with_IW life_NN1 on_II the_AT 
road_NN1 and_CC the_AT Hell_NN1 's_VHZ Angels_NN2 and_CC then_RT moved_VVN 
on_II21 to_II22 university_NN1 with_IW the_AT state_NN1 house_NN1 kids_NN2 
in_II the_AT late_JJ sixties_MC2 and_CC became_VVD a_AT1 student_NN1 
radical_NN1 ,_, editor_NN1 of_IO *1_NULL Craccum_NP1 ,_, *0_NULL at_II the_AT 
forefront_NN1 of_IO marches_NN2 against_II Vietnam_NP1 ,_, fined_VVD and_CC 
imprisoned_VVD for_IF saying_VVG *'_" bullshit_NN1 **'_" in_II a_AT1 public_JJ 
place_NN1 ,_, organiser_NN1 of_IO the_AT Jumping_JJ Sundays_NPD2 in_II 
Albert_NP Park_NNL1 ,_, a_AT1 family_NN man_NN1 in_II a_AT1 car_NN1 case_NN1 
shed_VVN on_II the_AT commune_NN1 at_II Huia_NP1 ,_, the_AT move_NN1 into_II 
the_AT suburban_JJ wasteland_NN1 of_IO Glen_NP1 Eden_NP1 and_CC the_AT 
concrete_JJ business_NN1 ,_, the_AT elevation_NN1 to_II the_AT mayoralty_NN1 
of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 's_GE fifth_MD largest_JJT city_NN1 *-_- the_AT 
sprawling_JJ mass_NN1 of_IO orchard_NN1 and_CC tract_NN1 housing_NN1 ,_, 
wild_JJ beach_NN1 and_CC bush_NN1 that_CST is_VBZ Waitemata_NP1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL One_MC1 thing_NN1 people_NN need_VV0 to_TO know_VVI about_II 
him_PPHO1 now_RT is_VBZ that_CST despite_II the_AT antics_NN2 *-_- towing_VVG 
the_AT concrete_JJ mixer_NN1 behind_II the_AT mayoral_JJ Daimler_NP1 ,_, 
dressing_VVG in_II bra_NN1 and_CC frilly_JJ knickers_NN2 for_IF an_AT1 {_NULL 
RSA_NN1 }_NULL dinner_NN1 *-_- Tim_NP1 Shadbolt_NP1 is_VBZ not_XX a_AT1 
clown_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT election_NN1 campaign_NN1 in_II 1983_MC proved_VVD 
how_RGQ deadly_JJ serious_JJ he_PPHS1 could_VM be_VBI ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 stood_VVD without_IW much_DA1 thought_NN1 of_IO winning_VVG 
,_, declaring_VVG that_CST he_PPHS1 wanted_VVD to_TO fight_VVI the_AT 
traditional_JJ voter_NN1 apathy_NN1 in_II the_AT city_NN1 which_DDQ had_VHD 
left_VVN Tony_NP1 Covic_NP1 running_VVG for_IF a_AT1 second_MD term_NN1 
unopposed_JJ ,_, a_AT1 city_NN1 where_RRQ the_AT voter_NN1 turnout_NN1 
averages_NN2 21_MC per_NNU21 cent_NNU22 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Shadbolt_NP1 's_GE four-page_JJ election_NN1 manifesto_NN1 ,_, 
while_CS full_JJ of_IO charm_NN1 and_CC rhetoric_NN1 ,_, was_VBDZ a_AT1 
skilled_JJ piece_NN1 of_IO politicking_NN1 ,_, aiming_VVG straight_RR for_IF 
Tony_NP1 Covic_NP1 's_GE jugular_NN1 ._. 

^ *"_" ^_NULL Tony_NP1 Covic_NP1 is_VBZ a_AT1 nice_JJ guy_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB make_VV0 no_AT mistake_NN1 about_II him_PPHO1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT final_JJ analysis_NN1 he_PPHS1 will_VM fight_VVI 
tooth_NN1 and_CC nail_NN1 to_TO protect_VVI the_AT interests_NN2 of_IO 
his_APPGE class_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT property_NN1 developers_NN2 ,_, the_AT strong_JJ and_CC 
powerful_JJ ,_, the_AT wealthy_JJ businessmen_NN2 and_CC the_AT greedy_JJ ._. 
**"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Shadbolt_NP1 told_VVD the_AT people_NN of_IO West_NP 
Auckland_NP1 that_CST in_II this_DD1 election_NN1 they_PPHS2 had_VHD *"_" 
the_AT choice_NN1 between_II a_AT1 poet_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 used_JJ car_NN1 
salesman_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL You_PPY have_VH0 the_AT choice_NN1 between_II a_AT1 philosopher_NN1 
and_CC a_AT1 materialist_NN1 ..._... 

^ ^_NULL Tim_NP1 Shadbolt_NP1 is_VBZ a_AT1 nice_JJ guy_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB make_VV0 no_AT mistake_NN1 about_II him_PPHO1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT last_MD analysis_NN1 he_PPHS1 will_VM fight_VVI 
tooth_NN1 and_CC nail_NN1 to_TO protect_VVI the_AT interests_NN2 of_IO 
his_APPGE class_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT workers_NN2 ,_, the_AT sick_JJ ,_, the_AT oppressed_JJ and_CC 
the_AT needy_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 has_VHZ always_RR worked_VVN for_IF Justice_NP1 and_CC 
Freedom_NN1 ._. **"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL But_CCB the_AT poet_NN1 and_CC philosopher_NN1 ,_, fresh_JJ 
from_II the_AT concrete_JJ mixer_NN1 ,_, found_VVD himself_PPX1 up_RP 
against_II a_AT1 council_NNJ ,_, the_AT majority_NN of_IO whom_PNQO were_VBDR 
quite_RG unaccepting_JJ that_CST *1_NULL their_APPGE *0_NULL mayor_NN1 ,_, 
Covic_NP1 ,_, had_VHD been_VBN defeated_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL Key_JJ opponents_NN2 made_VVD it_PPH1 clear_VVI in_II the_AT 
days_NNT2 that_CST followed_VVD the_AT election_NN1 that_CST they_PPHS2 
would_VM not_XX make_VVI life_NN1 easy_JJ for_IF Shadbolt_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL *"_" I_PPIS1 copped_VVD it_PPH1 from_II the_AT old_JJ guard_NN1 
councillors_NN2 who_PNQS believed_VVD I_PPIS1 had_VHD no_AT right_JJ to_TO 
be_VBI here_RL ._. 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ the_AT wrong_JJ sort_NN1 of_IO person_NN1 to_TO 
be_VBI mayor_NN1 *-_- part_NN1 Polynesian_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 strong_JJ 
affinity_NN1 with_IW Maoris_NP2 ,_, heavy_JJ working_JJ class_NN1 
background_NN1 ,_, **"_" Shadbolt_NP1 reflects_VVZ ._. 

^ |_NULL *"_" ^_NULL In_II the_AT beginning_NN1 they_PPHS2 thought_VVD 
they_PPHS2 could_VM break_VVI me_PPIO1 *-_- they_PPHS2 saw_VVD me_PPIO1 as_II 
a_AT1 laughing_JJ hippy_JJ dippy_JJ and_CC they_PPHS2 thought_VVD that_CST 
because_CS I_PPIS1 laughed_VVD I_PPIS1 must_VM be_VBI weak_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 said_VVD *'_" we_PPIS2 'll_VM give_VVI him_PPHO1 three_MC 
months_NNT2 **'_" and_CC they_PPHS2 expected_VVD me_PPIO1 to_TO crash_VVI ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB when_CS I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ 19_MC I_PPIS1 spent_VVD a_AT1 
year_NNT1 working_VVG at_II Manapouri_NP1 where_RRQ a_AT1 man_NN1 a_AT1 
mile_NNU1 was_VBDZ lost_VVN ,_, and_CC in_II Australia_NP1 I_PPIS1 worked_VVD 
on_II a_AT1 building_NN1 site_NN1 where_CS everyone_PN1 but_II me_PPIO1 
was_VBDZ killed_VVN and_CC I_PPIS1 had_VHD to_TO carry_VVI my_APPGE mates_NN2 
'_GE bodies_NN2 out_RP ..._... 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 laugh_VV0 ,_, but_CCB I_PPIS1 'm_VBM not_XX weak_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 finally_RR dawned_VVD on_II them_PPHO2 that_CST I_PPIS1 
'm_VBM as_RG hard_RR as_CSA nails_NN2 and_CC I_PPIS1 've_VH0 been_VBN 
crunched_VVN by_II bigger_JJR and_CC better_JJR people_NN than_CSN them_PPHO2 
all_DB my_APPGE life_NN1 and_CC I_PPIS1 have_VH0 never_RR dropped_VVN out_RP 
._. **"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT people_NN of_IO Waitemata_NP1 appeared_VVD from_II 
the_AT first_MD to_TO enjoy_VVI the_AT spectacle_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE 
radical_JJ young_JJ mayor_NN1 at_II odds_NN2 with_IW the_AT old_JJ 
conservatives_NN2 on_II the_AT council_NNJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL At_II the_AT first_MD council_NNJ meeting_NN1 ,_, where_CS the_AT 
battle_NN1 lines_NN2 were_VBDR drawn_VVN for_IF the_AT conflicts_NN2 to_TO 
follow_VVI ,_, the_AT public_JJ seats_NN2 at_II the_AT back_NN1 of_IO the_AT 
council_NNJ chamber_NN1 were_VBDR packed_VVN and_CC the_AT doors_NN2 had_VHD 
to_TO be_VBI closed_VVN to_TO meet_VVI fire_NN1 regulations_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT people_NN outside_RL in_II the_AT lobby_NN1 watched_VVD the_AT 
proceedings_NN2 on_II video_JJ screens_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT media_NN was_VBDZ out_RP in_RR21 full_RR22 force_VV0 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Since_II then_RT ,_, at_RR21 least_RR22 30_MC ratepayers_NN2 
attend_VV0 the_AT last_MD Thursday_NPD1 of_IO the_AT month_NNT1 full_JJ 
council_NNJ meetings_NN2 which_DDQ have_VH0 been_VBN described_VVN as_II *'_" 
the_AT best_JJT free_JJ show_NN1 in_II town_NN1 **'_" ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT *1_NULL Western_NP1 Leader_NP1 *0_NULL is_VBZ full_JJ of_IO 
letters_NN2 either_RR for_IF or_CC against_II the_AT mayor_NN1 and_CC 
debating_VVG civic_JJ issues_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT city_NN1 had_VHD a_AT1 mayor_NN1 who_PNQS was_VBDZ 
regularly_RR on_II television_NN1 and_CC the_AT radio_NN1 ,_, constantly_RR 
in_II the_AT papers_NN2 ;_; one_PN1 who_PNQS travelled_VVD the_AT country_NN1 
with_IW Gary_NP1 McCormick_NP1 and_CC Tom_NP1 Scott_NP1 in_II the_AT series_NN 
of_IO Great_JJ Debates_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 gave_VVD the_AT city_NN1 a_ZZ1 profile_VV0 it_PPH1 had_VHD 
never_RR had_VHN before_II ._. 

^ ^_NULL When_CS ,_, on_II a_AT1 hot_JJ and_CC close_JJ December_NPM1 
night_NNT1 Gary_NP1 McCormick_NP1 can_VM announce_VVI to_II the_AT 
upstairs_NN1 bar_NN1 at_II the_AT Gluepot_NN1 ,_, packed_VVD with_IW young_JJ 
moderns_NN2 and_CC liberals_NN2 ,_, yuppies_NN2 and_CC old_JJ hippies_NN2 ,_, 
the_AT impending_JJ arrival_NN1 on_II stage_NN1 of_IO *"_" His_APPGE 
Worship_NN1 ,_, the_AT Mayor_NNB of_IO Waitemata_NP1 City_NN1 **"_" ,_, 
traditionally_RR fusty_JJ local_JJ politics_NN is_VBZ carried_VVN into_II 
a_AT1 new_JJ and_CC powerful_JJ arena_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT mayor_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 media_NN star_NN1 ,_, the_AT mayor_NN1 
has_VHZ the_AT potential_JJ to_TO enhance_VVI and_CC broaden_VVI his_APPGE 
reputation_NN1 as_II a_AT1 cult_NN1 figure_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Who_PNQS recognises_VVZ Barry_NP1 Curtis_NP1 *-_- mayor_NN1 of_IO 
the_AT Manukau_NP1 ,_, largest_JJT city_NN1 in_II the_AT country_NN1 ?_? 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB one_MC1 glance_NN1 of_IO the_AT row_NN1 of_IO teeth_NN2 ,_, 
the_AT sound_NN1 of_IO the_AT cracked_JJ laugh_NN1 brings_VVZ the_AT first_MD 
citizen_NN1 of_IO Waitemata_NP1 into_II the_AT living_JJ rooms_NN2 of_IO 
the_AT nation_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL When_CS Tony_NP1 Covic_NP1 sued_VVD Tim_NP1 Shadbolt_NP1 
for_IF defamation_NN1 ,_, the_AT still-fresh_JJ honey_NN1 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL -moon_NN1 between_II the_AT mayor_NN1 and_CC 
his_APPGE public_NN strengthened_VVD ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II his_APPGE election_NN1 material_NN1 Shadbolt_NP1 had_VHD 
been_VBN critical_JJ of_IO Covic_NP1 's_GE *'_" Think_VV0 Big_JJ **'_" 
approach_NN1 to_II the_AT development_NN1 of_IO Waitemata_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL As_II a_AT1 largely_RR rural_JJ and_CC residential_JJ territory_NN1 
,_, the_AT city_NN1 lacked_VVD a_AT1 strong_JJ commercial_JJ and_CC 
industrial_JJ rating_NN1 and_CC employment_NN1 base_NN1 and_CC Covic_NP1 
had_VHD consolidated_VVN the_AT work_NN1 of_IO previous_JJ mayors_NN2 in_II 
this_DD1 area_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB he_PPHS1 made_VVD some_DD errors_NN2 of_IO judgement_NN1 
which_DDQ Shadbolt_NP1 was_VBDZ quick_JJ to_TO exploit_VVI ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 pointed_VVD to_II the_AT purchase_NN1 of_IO a_ZZ1 *+_NULL 
$30,000_NNU Daimler_NP1 as_II the_AT mayoral_JJ car_NN1 as_II an_AT1 
example_NN1 of_IO gross_JJ extravagance_NN1 and_CC this_DD1 probably_RR 
struck_VVN a_AT1 chord_NN1 with_IW the_AT young_JJ families_NN2 in_II 
Massey_NP1 and_CC Ranui_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 went_VVD further_RRR in_II criticising_VVG the_AT 
construction_NN1 of_IO the_AT *+_NULL $5.5_NNU million_NNO city_NN1 
complex_NN1 off_II Lincoln_NP Road_NNL1 ,_, opposite_II the_AT vehicle_NN1 
testing_VVG station_NN1 and_CC just_RR down_II the_AT1 road_NN1 from_II 
Covic_NP1 Motors_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL There_EX were_VBDR hints_NN2 of_IO corruption_NN1 and_CC comments_NN2 
about_II a_AT1 *"_" Dally_NP1 Mafia_NP1 **"_" ._. 

^ ^_NULL Covic_NP1 sued_VVD for_IF *+_NULL $90,000_NNU ,_, despite_II 
Shadbolt_NP1 's_GE efforts_NN2 to_TO keep_VVI the_AT matter_NN1 out_II21 
of_II22 court_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT public_NN appeared_VVD to_TO rally_VVI to_II his_APPGE 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL side_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL A_AT1 group_NN of_IO lawyers_NN2 offered_VVD their_APPGE services_NN2 
free_VV0 in_II an_AT1 earlier_JJR libel_NN1 case_NN1 over_II the_AT Scenic_JJ 
Drive_NN1 allegations_NN2 for_IF which_DDQ the_AT council_NNJ was_VBDZ 
suing_VVG Shadbolt_NP1 when_RRQ he_PPHS1 took_VVD office_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Councillor_NNB Stan_NP1 Blanch_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 Shadbolt_NP1 
supporter_NN1 who_PNQS had_VHD chaired_VVN the_AT Give_VV0 Tim_NP1 A_AT1 
Fair_JJ Go_NN1 Campaign_NN1 ,_, says_VVZ that_CST one_MC1 ratepayer_NN1 ,_, 
critical_JJ of_IO Covic_NP1 's_GE suit_NN1 ,_, growled_VVD to_II him_PPHO1 :_: 
*"_" ^_NULL Hell_NN1 \_NULL hath_VHZ no_AT fury_NN1 like_II a_AT1 rich_JJ 
man_NN1 's_VBZ ego_NN1 ._. **"_" 

^ ^_NULL Shadbolt_NP1 supporters_NN2 were_VBDR convinced_VVN that_CST the_AT 
legal_JJ moves_NN2 were_VBDR politically_RR motivated_VVN ,_, that_CST 
his_APPGE opponents_NN2 knew_VVD that_CST Shadbolt_NP1 had_VHD no_AT 
financial_JJ base_NN1 and_CC that_CST if_CS he_PPHS1 lost_VVD the_AT case_NN1 
he_PPHS1 would_VM be_VBI bankrupted_VVN and_CC barred_VVN from_II office_NN1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL His_APPGE entire_JJ future_NN1 was_VBDZ on_II the_AT line_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Many_DA2 ratepayers_NN2 saw_VVD Covic_NP1 playing_VVG an_AT1 
unfair_JJ game_NN1 *-_- he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 rich_JJ man_NN1 ,_, he_PPHS1 
could_VM afford_VVI to_TO pay_VVI the_AT legal_JJ costs_NN2 *-_- and_CC 
they_PPHS2 began_VVD to_TO doubt_VVI his_APPGE credibility_NN1 ._. 

^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 153+TEXT+F10_FO **]_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL At_II close_JJ range_NN1 ..._... 

^ Mirams_NP1 put_VVD three_MC bullets_NN2 into_II his_APPGE wife_NN1 's_VBZ 
head_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Was_VBDZ it_PPH1 a_AT1 *"_" brief_JJ psychotic_JJ episode_NN1 **"_" 
,_, or_CC did_VDD he_PPHS1 act_VVI in_II *"_" cold_JJ anger_NN1 **"_" ?_? 

^ ^_NULL The_AT prosecution_NN1 psychiatrists_NN2 swore_VVD he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ 
sane_JJ ,_, the_AT defence_NN1 psychiatrists_NN2 swore_VVD he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ 
not_XX ._. 

^ ^_NULL Mike_NP1 Riddell_NP1 spoke_VVD to_II both_DB2 sides_NN2 and_CC 
learned_VVD that_CST ,_, these_DD2 days_NNT2 ,_, lawyers_NN2 shop_VV0 round_RP 
for_IF psychiatric_JJ opinion_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL THE_AT ACCUSED_JJ *0_NULL was_VBDZ insane_JJ at_II the_AT 
time_NNT1 he_PPHS1 shot_VVD his_APPGE wife_NN1 ,_, psychiatrist_NN1 \_NULL 
Dr_NNB Roger_NP1 Culpan_NP1 told_VVD the_AT court_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 suffered_VVD a_AT1 genuine_JJ break_NN1 with_IW reality_NN1 
,_, slipping_VVG into_II a_AT1 psychotic_JJ state_NN1 which_DDQ lasted_VVD 
approximately_RR 20_MC seconds_NNT2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL During_II this_DD1 period_NN1 ,_, Culpan_NP1 explained_VVD to_II 
the_AT jury_NNJ ,_, the_AT man_NN1 was_VBDZ under_II the_AT influence_NN1 
of_IO powerful_JJ emotions_NN2 and_CC was_VBDZ out_II41 of_II42 touch_II43 
with_II44 reality_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ still_RR capable_JJ ,_, however_RR ,_, of_IO 
pointing_VVG the_AT rifle_NN1 at_II his_APPGE wife_NN1 's_VBZ head_NN1 and_CC 
pulling_VVG the_AT trigger_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL A_AT1 second_MD psychiatrist_NN1 ,_, \_NULL Dr_NNB Henry_NP1 
Bennett_NP1 ,_, concurred_VVD with_IW Culpan_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT man_NN1 was_VBDZ legally_RR insane_JJ when_CS he_PPHS1 
shot_VVD his_APPGE wife_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 had_VHD lost_VVN the_AT ability_NN1 to_TO test_VVI 
reality_NN1 ,_, was_VBDZ unable_JJ to_TO appreciate_VVI the_AT harmfulness_NN1 
of_IO firing_VVG a_AT1 gun_NN1 ,_, and_CC could_VM not_XX weigh_VVI up_RP 
the_AT consequences_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL From_II the_AT time_NNT1 he_PPHS1 first_MD saw_VVD the_AT rifle_NN1 
to_II the_AT time_NNT1 he_PPHS1 placed_VVD three_MC bullets_NN2 in_II the_AT 
dead_JJ woman_NN1 's_VBZ head_NN1 he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ in_II a_AT1 state_NN1 
of_IO temporary_JJ insanity_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Enter_VV0 psychiatrist_NN1 number_NN1 three_MC ,_, \_NULL 
Dr_NNB Laurie_NP1 Gluckman_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT accused_JJ was_VBDZ mentally_RR sane_JJ and_CC knew_VVD 
what_DDQ he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ doing_VDG during_II the_AT incident_NN1 ,_, 
Gluckman_NP1 told_VVD the_AT court_NN1 ._. 

^ *"_" ^_NULL I_PPIS1 am_VBM certain_JJ in_II my_APPGE mind_NN1 he_PPHS1 
knew_VVD he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ loading_VVG a_AT1 firearm_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 am_VBM certain_JJ he_PPHS1 knew_VVD what_DDQ he_PPHS1 
was_VBDZ doing_VDG when_RRQ he_PPHS1 entered_VVD the_AT living_NN1 room_NN1 
with_IW a_AT1 gun_NN1 ._. **"_" 

^ ^_NULL The_AT case_NN1 had_VHD none_PN of_IO the_AT hallmarks_NN2 of_IO 
a_AT1 murder_NN1 committed_VVD by_II an_AT1 insane_JJ man_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Furthermore_RR ,_, he_PPHS1 informed_VVD the_AT jury_NNJ ,_, the_AT 
term_NN1 *"_" brief_JJ psychotic_JJ episode_NN1 **"_" did_VDD not_XX 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL exist_VVI in_II ordinary_JJ medical_JJ 
literature_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ no_AT evidence_NN1 in_II the_AT case_NN1 
to_TO suggest_VVI that_CST the_AT killer_NN1 's_VBZ behaviour_NN1 had_VHD 
been_VBN psychotic_JJ ,_, a_AT1 fourth_MD psychiatrist_NN1 testified_VVD ._. 

^ ^_NULL \_NULL Dr_NNB James_NP1 Woolridge_NP1 suggested_VVD that_CST the_AT 
murder_NN1 had_VHD been_VBN committed_VVN in_II an_AT1 icy_JJ rage_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 respected_VVD the_AT other_JJ psychiatrists_NN2 for_IF 
their_APPGE experience_NN1 and_CC qualifications_NN2 ,_, but_CCB offered_VVD 
his_APPGE own_DA explanation_NN1 of_IO the_AT facts_NN2 as_II the_AT most_RGT 
likely_JJ ._. 

^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Defence_NN1 lawyer_NN1 John_NP1 
Haigh_NP1 pleaded_VVD with_IW the_AT jury_NNJ to_TO find_VVI Mirams_NP1 not_XX 
guilty_JJ on_II the_AT grounds_NN2 of_IO insanity_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL There_EX had_VHD been_VBN no_AT premeditation_NN1 ,_, no_AT signs_NN2 
of_IO rage_NN1 immediately_RR prior_II21 to_II22 the_AT killing_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Haigh_NP1 asked_VVD whether_CSW it_PPH1 was_VBDZ the_AT act_NN1 of_IO 
a_AT1 sane_JJ man_NN1 to_TO shoot_VVI his_APPGE wife_NN1 before_II a_AT1 
witness_NN1 and_CC to_TO allow_VVI the_AT witness_NN1 to_TO leave_VVI the_AT 
house_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT case_NN1 was_VBDZ not_XX one_MC1 of_IO murder_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL *"_" It_PPH1 was_VBDZ an_AT1 insane_JJ act_NN1 ,_, **"_" he_PPHS1 
said_VVD ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Prosecutor_NP1 Robert_NP1 Fardell_NP1 described_VVD the_AT 
killing_NN1 as_II nothing_PN1 short_JJ of_IO cold_JJ 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL -blooded_JJ murder_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT close_JJ grouping_NN1 of_IO the_AT three_MC shots_NN2 
suggested_VVD that_CST the_AT man_NN1 had_VHD shot_VVN his_APPGE wife_NN1 
with_IW the_AT accuracy_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 skilled_JJ hunter_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 made_VVD a_AT1 conscious_JJ decision_NN1 to_TO kill_VVI 
her_PPHO1 ,_, and_CC quite_RG plainly_RR knew_VVD what_DDQ he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ 
doing_VDG ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 asked_VVD for_IF a_AT1 verdict_NN1 of_IO guilty_JJ of_IO 
murder_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT decision_NN1 was_VBDZ left_VVN to_II the_AT jury_NNJ 
._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT judge_NN1 instructed_VVD them_PPHO2 that_CST the_AT sole_JJ 
issue_NN1 in_II the_AT case_NN1 was_VBDZ that_DD1 of_IO the_AT state_NN1 of_IO 
mind_NN1 of_IO the_AT accused_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 noted_VVD that_CST the_AT evidence_NN1 of_IO the_AT two_MC 
defence_NN1 psychiatrists_NN2 was_VBDZ in_II contradiction_NN1 with_IW 
that_DD1 of_IO the_AT two_MC prosecution_NN1 psychiatrists_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ left_VVN to_II the_AT jury_NNJ to_TO decide_VVI 
whether_CSW at_II the_AT time_NNT1 of_IO the_AT shooting_VVG the_AT man_NN1 
had_VHD been_VBN legally_RR insane_JJ or_CC not_XX ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT verdict_NN1 returned_VVD was_VBDZ that_DD1 of_IO guilty_JJ 
of_IO murder_NN1 ;_; the_AT sentence_NN1 life_NN1 imprisonment_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT case_NN1 is_VBZ currently_RR under_II appeal_NN1 on_II the_AT 
grounds_NN2 that_CST the_AT decision_NN1 of_IO the_AT jury_NNJ went_VVD 
against_II the_AT weight_NN1 of_IO the_AT evidence_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT trial_NN1 highlighted_VVD the_AT shifting_JJ sands_NN2 
of_IO psychiatric_JJ opinion_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Given_VVN that_CST it_PPH1 only_RR takes_VVZ the_AT signature_NN1 
of_IO two_MC psychiatrists_NN2 to_TO commit_VVI someone_PN1 to_II an_AT1 
institution_NN1 the_AT public_NN might_VM well_RR be_VBI concerned_JJ that_CST 
the_AT question_NN1 of_IO insanity_NN1 is_VBZ open_JJ to_II such_DA a_AT1 
wide_JJ spectrum_NN1 of_IO interpretation_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Confidence_NN1 in_II the_AT medical_JJ profession_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX 
inspired_VVN by_II the_AT sight_NN1 of_IO four_MC eminent_JJ psychiatrists_NN2 
lining_VVG up_RP on_II either_DD1 side_NN1 of_IO what_DDQ would_VM seem_VVI 
a_AT1 basic_JJ issue_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Culpan_NP1 hastened_VVD to_TO assure_VVI me_PPIO1 that_CST 
the_AT conflict_NN1 was_VBDZ not_XX as_RG bad_JJ as_CSA it_PPH1 appeared_VVD 
:_: ^_NULL *"_" There_EX is_VBZ a_AT1 difference_NN1 between_II medical_JJ 
insanity_NN1 and_CC legal_JJ insanity_NN1 ,_, **"_" he_PPHS1 explained_VVD ._. 

^ *"_" ^_NULL Medical_JJ insanity_NN1 is_VBZ unsoundness_NN1 of_IO mind_NN1 
in_II which_DDQ the_AT person_NN1 needs_VVZ to_TO be_VBI detained_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL Legal_JJ insanity_NN1 is_VBZ quite_RG different_JJ ;_; it_PPH1 is_VBZ 
defined_VVN by_II the_AT Crimes_NN2 Act_VV0 ._. 

^ ^_NULL A_AT1 person_NN1 can_VM be_VBI medically_RR sane_JJ but_CCB 
legally_RR insane_JJ ._. **"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL With_IW remarkable_JJ foresight_NN1 ,_, Culpan_NP1 
described_VVD difficulties_NN2 encountered_VVD by_II psychiatrists_NN2 in_II 
a_AT1 paper_NN1 delivered_VVD some_DD months_NNT2 before_II the_AT trial_NN1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II this_DD1 ,_, he_PPHS1 noted_VVD that_CST once_RR a_AT1 
defence_NN1 of_IO insanity_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN introduced_VVN in_II a_AT1 
murder_NN1 trial_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ likely_JJ to_TO be_VBI vigorously_RR 
attacked_VVN by_II the_AT prosecution_NN1 which_DDQ will_VM produce_VVI 
its_APPGE own_DA psychiatric_JJ witnesses_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" This_DD1 leads_VVZ to_II the_AT unedifying_JJ 
spectacle_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 group_NN of_IO doctors_NN2 ,_, all_DB of_IO 
whom_PNQO are_VBR supposed_JJ to_TO be_VBI highly_RR knowledgeable_JJ and_CC 
experienced_VVN in_II psychiatry_NN1 ,_, expressing_VVG contradictory_JJ 
opinions_NN2 regarding_II an_AT1 extremely_RR fundamental_JJ matter_NN1 ._. 
**"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Culpan_NP1 lays_VVZ the_AT blame_NN1 on_II the_AT legal_JJ 
definition_NN1 of_IO insanity_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Section_NN1 23_MC of_IO the_AT Crimes_NN2 Act_NN1 specifies_VVZ 
that_CST a_AT1 person_NN1 may_VM be_VBI judged_VVN innocent_JJ *"_" when_CS 
labouring_VVG under_II natural_JJ imbecility_NN1 or_CC disease_NN1 of_IO 
the_AT mind_NN1 to_II such_DA an_AT1 extent_NN1 as_II21 to_II22 render_NN1 
him_PPHO1 incapable_JJ *-_- (_( a_ZZ1 )_) of_IO understanding_VVG the_AT 
nature_NN1 and_CC quality_NN1 of_IO the_AT act_NN1 or_CC omission_NN1 ;_; 
or_CC (_( b_ZZ1 )_) of_IO knowing_VVG that_CST the_AT act_NN1 or_CC 
omission_NN1 was_VBDZ morally_RR wrong_JJ ,_, having_VHG regard_NN1 to_II 
the_AT commonly_RR accepted_JJ standards_NN2 of_IO right_NN1 and_CC wrong_JJ 
._. **"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Very_RG few_DA2 defendants_NN2 ever_RR suffer_VV0 from_II 
sufficient_JJ mental_JJ disturbance_NN1 to_TO prevent_VVI their_APPGE 
understanding_VVG the_AT nature_NN1 and_CC quality_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE 
act_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ in_II31 terms_II32 of_II33 section_NN1 (_( b_ZZ1 )_) 
that_CST most_DAT of_IO the_AT debate_NN1 takes_VVZ place_NN1 ;_; whether_CSW 
the_AT defendant_NN1 was_VBDZ capable_JJ of_IO knowing_VVG the_AT act_NN1 
was_VBDZ morally_RR wrong_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Culpan_NP1 says_VVZ that_CST it_PPH1 is_VBZ impossible_JJ for_IF 
a_AT1 psychiatrist_NN1 to_TO tell_VVI what_DDQ was_VBDZ going_VVG on_RP in_II 
the_AT mind_NN1 of_IO the_AT accused_JJ at_II the_AT relevant_JJ time_NNT1 ,_, 
and_CC that_CST a_AT1 judgment_NN1 inevitably_RR represents_VVZ conjecture_NN1 
based_VVN on_II evidence_NN1 as_II21 to_II22 the_AT person_NN1 's_GE mental_JJ 
state_NN1 before_II and_CC after_II the_AT offence_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Prosecution_NN1 witness_NN1 Gluckman_NP1 also_RR says_VVZ that_RG 
much_DA1 of_IO the_AT apparent_JJ contradiction_NN1 between_II 
psychiatrists_NN2 is_VBZ the_AT result_NN1 of_IO the_AT legal_JJ system_NN1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL *"_" The_AT question_NN1 of_IO insanity_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX vague_JJ 
medically_RR ,_, it_PPH1 's_VBZ only_RR vague_JJ in_II its_APPGE legal_JJ 
application_NN1 ,_, **"_" says_VVZ Gluckman_NP1 ._. 

^ *"_" ^_NULL By_RR31 and_RR32 large_RR33 ,_, doctors_NN2 classify_VV0 
things_NN2 one_MC1 way_NN1 ,_, and_CC lawyers_NN2 classify_VV0 things_NN2 
another_DD1 way_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Our_APPGE judgment_NN1 is_VBZ scientific_JJ ,_, the_AT legal_JJ 
judgment_NN1 is_VBZ social_JJ ,_, made_VVN by_II society_NN ._. 

^ ^_NULL Society_NNJ ca_VM n't_XX decide_VVI if_CSW a_AT1 man_NN1 has_VHZ 
a_AT1 brain_NN1 tumour_NN1 ;_; society_NN can_VM decide_VVI whether_CSW 
what_DDQ the_AT man_NN1 with_IW the_AT brain_NN1 tumour_NN1 does_VDZ is_VBZ 
right_JJ or_CC wrong_JJ ,_, or_CC should_VM be_VBI punished_VVN or_CC 
treated_VVD ._. **"_" 

^ ^_NULL Social_JJ interpretations_NN2 of_IO medical_JJ phenomena_NN2 are_VBR 
not_XX always_RR satisfactory_JJ ._. 

^ *"_" ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ a_AT1 time_NNT1 ,_, not_XX many_DA2 
hundred_NNO years_NNT2 ago_RA ,_, when_CS if_CS a_AT1 woman_NN1 had_VHD 
three_MC nipples_NN2 ,_, she_PPHS1 was_VBDZ considered_VVN possessed_VVD by_II 
the_AT devil_NN1 and_CC judiciously_RR executed_VVD ._. 

^ ^_NULL That_DD1 's_VBZ a_AT1 social_JJ viewpoint_NN1 which_DDQ no_AT 
doctor_NN1 would_VM accept_VVI today_RT ._. **"_" 

^ Gluckman_NP1 suggests_VVZ that_CST lay_JJ people_NN are_VBR in_II no_AT 
position_NN1 to_TO make_VVI assessment_NN1 of_IO psychiatric_JJ disorders_NN2 
._. 

^ ^_NULL *"_" Sadly_NP1 ,_, the_AT law_NN1 takes_VVZ the_AT viewpoint_NN1 
in_II jury_NNJ trials_NN2 that_CST they_PPHS2 can_VM evaluate_VVI the_AT 
evidence_NN1 ._. **"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Crown_NN1 prosecutor_NN1 Fardell_NP1 ,_, buoyed_VVN by_II 
his_APPGE recent_JJ success_NN1 ,_, is_VBZ sympathetic_JJ to_II the_AT 
jury_NNJ and_CC the_AT task_NN1 which_DDQ it_PPH1 must_VM perform_VVI ._. 

^ *"_" ^_NULL The_AT jury_NNJ has_VHZ to_TO grapple_VVI with_IW psychiatric_JJ 
concepts_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Although_CS the_AT psychiatrist_NN1 identifies_VVZ for_IF them_PPHO2 
the_AT clinical_JJ condition_NN1 ,_, they_PPHS2 've_VH0 got_VVN to_TO 
determine_VVI for_IF themselves_PPX2 what_DDQ that_DD1 clinical_JJ 
condition_NN1 discloses_NN2 ,_, relate_NN1 that_CST to_II Section_NN1 23_MC 
,_, and_CC see_VV0 if_CS it_PPH1 fits_VVZ the_AT bill_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Now_RT I_PPIS1 think_VV0 most_DAT psychiatrists_NN2 find_VV0 that_DD1 
task_NN1 difficult_JJ enough_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB the_AT jury_NNJ are_VBR asked_VVN to_TO consider_VVI cold_JJ 
not_XX only_RR complicated_JJ legal_JJ issues_NN2 but_CCB also_RR often_RR 
very_RG fluid_JJ psychiatric_JJ concepts_NN2 ._. **"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Despite_II the_AT difficulties_NN2 of_IO this_DD1 task_NN1 ,_, 
Fardell_NP1 says_VVZ juries_NNJ2 usually_RR do_VD0 a_AT1 good_JJ job_NN1 ._. 

^ *"_" ^_NULL The_AT 12_MC of_IO them_PPHO2 bring_VV0 together_RL a_AT1 
very_RG powerful_JJ and_CC valuable_JJ resource_NN1 of_IO common_JJ sense_NN1 
and_CC knowledge_NN1 of_IO human_JJ affairs_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 personally_RR would_VM not_XX favour_VVI the_AT question_NN1 
of_IO insanity_NN1 being_VBG removed_VVN from_II the_AT scope_NN1 of_IO the_AT 
jury_NNJ ._. **"_" 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 sees_VVZ the_AT present_JJ system_NN1 as_CSA having_VHG 
some_DD valuable_JJ checks_NN2 and_CC balances_NN2 when_CS it_PPH1 comes_VVZ 
to_II the_AT plea_NN1 of_IO insanity_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL *"_" Otherwise_RR you_PPY 're_VBR getting_VVG very_RG close_JJ to_II 
the_AT situation_NN1 where_RRQ the_AT psychiatrist_NN1 serves_VVZ the_AT 
jury_NNJ 's_GE function_NN1 ._. **"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Gluckman_NP1 's_GE experience_NN1 of_IO giving_VVG 
psychiatric_JJ evidence_NN1 before_II juries_NNJ2 makes_VVZ him_PPHO1 more_RGR 
hard-headed_JJ about_II their_APPGE capabilities_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 recalls_VVZ a_AT1 murder_NN1 case_NN1 in_II which_DDQ 
he_PPHS1 appeared_VVD for_IF the_AT defence_NN1 ,_, and_CC in_II which_DDQ 
the_AT accused_JJ was_VBDZ found_VVN to_TO be_VBI insane_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Years_NNT2 later_RRR ,_, one_MC1 of_IO the_AT jurors_NN2 
explained_VVN why_RRQ the_AT jury_NNJ had_VHD accepted_VVN Gluckman_NP1 's_GE 
view_NN1 above_II the_AT opinions_NN2 of_IO colleagues_NN2 who_PNQS 
testified_VVD for_IF the_AT prosecution_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL *"_" We_PPIS2 did_VDD n't_XX understand_VVI one_MC1 word_NN1 of_IO 
what_DDQ you_PPY or_CC any_DD of_IO the_AT other_JJ psychiatrists_NN2 said_VVD 
,_, **"_" explained_VVD the_AT man_NN1 ._. 

^ *"_" ^_NULL But_CCB we_PPIS2 thought_VVD from_II the_AT way_NN1 the_AT 
crown_NN1 attacked_VVD your_APPGE evidence_NN1 ,_, you_PPY must_VM be_VBI 
right_JJ ._. **"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II another_DD1 case_NN1 in_II which_DDQ he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ 
a_AT1 witness_NN1 ,_, he_PPHS1 discovered_VVD an_AT1 ex-patient_NN1 on_II 
the_AT jury_NNJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 had_VHD previously_RR been_VBN in_II a_AT1 psychiatric_JJ 
hospital_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Some_DD time_NNT1 after_II the_AT trial_NN1 ,_, she_PPHS1 
explained_VVD to_II Gluckman_NP1 what_DDQ took_VVD place_NN1 when_RRQ the_AT 
jury_NNJ retired_VVD ._. 

^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 alone_RR among_II the_AT jurors_NN2 had_VHD been_VBN 
in_II31 favour_II32 of_II33 a_AT1 verdict_NN1 of_IO insanity_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 refused_VVD to_TO give_VVI way_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL After_CS a_AT1 long_JJ struggle_NN1 ,_, she_PPHS1 persuaded_VVD 
the_AT rest_NN1 of_IO the_AT jury_NNJ by_II disclosing_VVG that_CST she_PPHS1 
had_VHD been_VBN in_II a_AT1 psychiatric_JJ hospital_NN1 ,_, she_PPHS1 'd_VHD 
had_VHN electro-convulsive_JJ therapy_NN1 ,_, and_CC ,_, as_CSA she_PPHS1 
put_VVD it_PPH1 ,_, *"_" she_PPHS1 was_VBDZ one_MC1 and_CC she_PPHS1 could_VM 
recognise_VVI one_PN1 **"_" ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" Juries_NNJ2 can_VM only_RR really_RR evaluate_VVI in_II31 
terms_II32 of_II33 their_APPGE own_DA experience_NN1 ,_, their_APPGE own_DA 
emotions_NN2 ,_, their_APPGE own_DA feelings_NN2 ,_, their_APPGE own_DA 
prejudices_NN2 ,_, **"_" Gluckman_NP1 concludes_VVZ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Defense_NN1 counsel_NN1 John_NP1 Haigh_NP1 also_RR says_VVZ there_EX 
are_VBR inadequacies_NN2 with_IW the_AT present_JJ system_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL When_CS there_EX is_VBZ conflicting_VVG evidence_NN1 from_II 
psychiatrists_NN2 the_AT jury_NNJ is_VBZ placed_VVN in_II the_AT position_NN1 
of_IO giving_VVG quasi-medical_JJ opinion_NN1 ;_; *"_" like_II a_AT1 set_NN1 
of_IO professors_NN2 sitting_VVG in_II judgment_NN1 on_II medical_JJ 
students_NN2 **"_" ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ ,_, he_PPHS1 says_VVZ ,_, a_AT1 role_NN1 they_PPHS2 
are_VBR not_XX qualified_VVN for_IF ._. 

^ *"_" ^_NULL The_AT jurors_NN2 '_GE idea_NN1 of_IO insanity_NN1 is_VBZ 
that_DD1 of_IO a_AT1 raving_JJ lunatic_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 's_VBZ an_AT1 uphill_JJ battle_NN1 to_TO win_VVI a_AT1 
defence_NN1 on_II the_AT grounds_NN2 of_IO insanity_NN1 ._. **"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL When_CS the_AT plea_NN1 of_IO insanity_NN1 under_II 
Section_NN1 23_MC is_VBZ used_VVN by_II the_AT defence_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ 
often_RR as_II a_AT1 last_MD resort_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT burden_NN1 of_IO proof_NN1 shifts_VVZ to_II the_AT defence_NN1 
,_, and_CC the_AT insanity_NN1 must_VM be_VBI proved_VVN on_II the_AT 
balance_NN1 of_IO probabilities_NN2 ,_, rather_CS21 than_CS22 simply_RR 
beyond_II reasonable_JJ doubt_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT prosecution_NN1 gets_VVZ the_AT last_MD say_NN1 ,_, in_CS21 
that_CS22 they_PPHS2 are_VBR entitled_VVN to_TO call_VVI expert_JJ 
witnesses_NN2 in_II rebuttal_NN1 of_IO the_AT defence_NN1 case_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT prosecution_NN1 's_VHZ psychiatrists_NN2 are_VBR permitted_VVN 
to_TO sit_VVI in_II court_NN1 and_CC listen_VVI to_II the_AT opposition_NN1 
's_VBZ evidence_NN1 ,_, thus_RR giving_VVG them_PPHO2 the_AT opportunity_NN1 
to_TO prepare_VVI themselves_PPX2 for_IF cross-examination_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Under_II law_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 jury_NNJ should_VM only_RR consider_VVI 
the_AT verdict_NN1 of_IO insanity_NN1 once_CS they_PPHS2 have_VH0 found_VVN 
the_AT offence_NN1 to_TO be_VBI proved_VVN ,_, so_CS if_CS the_AT plea_NN1 
fails_VVZ ,_, the_AT consequence_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT verdict_NN1 of_IO 
murder_NN1 with_IW its_APPGE mandatory_JJ life_NN1 sentence_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Despite_II these_DD2 disadvantages_NN2 ,_, the_AT defence_NN1 
of_IO insanity_NN1 is_VBZ often_RR used_VVN in_II murder_NN1 trials_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Where_CS the_AT facts_NN2 are_VBR clear_JJ and_CC damning_VVG for_IF 
the_AT accused_JJ ,_, the_AT insanity_NN1 option_NN1 is_VBZ definitely_RR 
worth_II a_AT1 gamble_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Gluckman_NP1 says_VVZ that_CST until_CS recently_RR the_AT only_JJ 
way_NN1 a_AT1 person_NN1 could_VM be_VBI charged_VVN with_IW murder_NN1 and_CC 
released_VVN into_II the_AT community_NNJ was_VBDZ on_II the_AT grounds_NN2 
of_IO automatism_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Now_RT all_DB sorts_NN2 of_IO people_NN found_VVD innocent_JJ on_II 
the_AT grounds_NN2 of_IO insanity_NN1 can_VM be_VBI discharged_VVN into_II 
the_AT community_NNJ immediately_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT plea_NN1 of_IO insanity_NN1 was_VBDZ not_XX nearly_RR so_RG 
widely_RR used_VVN when_RRQ the_AT alternative_NN1 to_II prison_NN1 was_VBDZ 
an_AT1 equally_RR lengthy_JJ stay_NN1 in_II a_AT1 psychiatric_JJ 
institution_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Haigh_NP1 ,_, like_II many_DA2 defence_NN1 lawyers_NN2 ,_, 
automatically_RR contacts_VVZ a_AT1 psychiatrist_NN1 to_TO interview_VVI 
his_APPGE client_NN1 as_RG soon_RR as_CSA possible_JJ after_II a_AT1 
murder_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 may_VM brief_VVI a_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO psychiatrists_NN2 
and_CC use_NN1 whichever_DDQV report_NN1 is_VBZ best_JJT for_IF his_APPGE 
client_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Certain_JJ psychiatrists_NN2 have_VH0 a_AT1 reputation_NN1 as_II *"_" 
defence_NN1 **"_" or_CC *"_" prosecution_NN1 **"_" psychiatrists_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Haigh_NP1 sees_VVZ no_AT ethical_JJ problems_NN2 in_II shopping_VVG 
around_RP for_IF the_AT most_RGT advantageous_JJ expert_NN1 witness_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Although_CS he_PPHS1 admits_VVZ that_CST prosecutors_NN2 often_RR 
see_VV0 psychiatric_JJ witnesses_NN2 as_CSA *"_" hired_JJ guns_NN2 **"_" 
for_IF the_AT defence_NN1 ,_, he_PPHS1 firmly_RR stands_VVZ by_II the_AT 
integrity_NN1 of_IO the_AT psychiatrists_NN2 whom_PNQO he_PPHS1 has_VHZ 
used_VVN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Culpan_NP1 says_VVZ that_CST a_AT1 psychiatrist_NN1 ,_, 
once_RR briefed_VVD for_IF the_AT defence_NN1 ,_, has_VHZ a_AT1 
responsibility_NN1 to_TO turn_VVI in_II a_AT1 good_JJ performance_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II his_APPGE paper_NN1 on_II psychiatric_JJ defence_NN1 ,_, 
he_PPHS1 suggests_VVZ the_AT expert_NN1 *"_" confine_VV0 himself_PPX1 to_II 
simple_JJ positive_JJ statements_NN2 presented_VVN to_II the_AT court_NN1 
in_II a_AT1 loud_JJ firm_JJ voice_NN1 with_IW plenty_PN of_IO vocal_JJ 
inflexion_NN1 and_CC dynamic_JJ variation_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ no_AT reason_NN1 why_RRQ he_PPHS1 should_VM not_XX 
employ_VVI pauses_NN2 for_IF dramatic_JJ effect_NN1 ._. **"_" 

^ ^_NULL A_AT1 really_RR skilful_JJ expert_NN1 *"_" may_VM withhold_VVI 
some_DD of_IO the_AT background_NN1 information_NN1 on_II which_DDQ his_APPGE 
conclusions_NN2 are_VBR based_VVN ,_, thus_RR inviting_VVG the_AT 
prosecutor_NN1 to_TO attack_VVI these_DD2 apparent_JJ weaknesses_NN2 during_II 
cross-examination_NN1 **"_" ._. 

^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 154+TEXT+F11_FO **]_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL An_AT1 old_JJ enemy_NN will_VM never_RR let_VVI 
you_PPY down_RP ._. 

^ ^_NULL Enemies_NN2 are_VBR more_RGR faithful_JJ than_CSN lovers_NN2 *-_- 
they_PPHS2 'll_VM stand_VVI behind_II you_PPY through_RR41 thick_RR42 and_RR43 
thin_RR44 ,_, ready_JJ to_II shaft_NN1 you_PPY at_II a_AT1 moment_NN1 's_VBZ 
notice_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL We_PPIS2 've_VH0 all_RR got_VVN enemies_NN2 *-_- and_CC 
we_PPIS2 're_VBR all_DB somebody_PN1 else_RR 's_VHZ enemy_NN ._. 

^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 're_VBR stuck_VVN with_IW each_PPX221 other_PPX222 *-_- 
so_RR relax_VV0 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Enjoy_VV0 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Spice_NP1 up_RP your_APPGE life_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Love_NN1 thine_APPGE enemy_NN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *6_NULL A_AT1 LOT_NN OF_IO THINGS_NN2 STOP_VV0 *0_NULL at_II 
Christmas_NNT1 ,_, the_AT season_NNT1 of_IO joy_NN1 and_CC goodwill_NN1 to_II 
men_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Loathing_NP1 is_VBZ n't_XX one_MC1 of_IO them_PPHO2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Our_APPGE enemies_NN2 are_VBR constant_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Perennial_NP1 warts_VVZ on_II our_APPGE unblemished_JJ character_NN1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL And_CC chances_NN2 are_VBR that_CST ,_, like_II our_APPGE current_JJ 
face_NN1 and_CC body_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 get_VV0 the_AT kind_NN1 of_IO 
enemies_NN2 we_PPIS2 deserve_VV0 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Enemies_NN2 are_VBR our_APPGE own_DA creation_NN1 *-_- all_DB 
our_APPGE ambitions_NN2 ,_, double_JJ lives_NN2 and_CC double_JJ deals_NN2 
coming_VVG home_RL to_TO roost_VVI ._. 

^ ^_NULL Come_VV0 on_RP ,_, let_VM21 's_VM22 be_VBI honest_JJ for_RR21 
once_RR22 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Having_VHG cheated_VVN ,_, lied_VVD ,_, tricked_VVD ,_, deceived_VVD 
and_CC stabbed_VVD your_APPGE way_NN1 to_II the_AT top_NN1 ,_, on_II the_AT 
way_NN1 selling_VVG out_RP your_APPGE loved_JJ ones_NN2 ,_, dear_JJ ones_NN2 
,_, probably_RR some_DD dead_JJ ones_NN2 ,_, and_CC even_RR current_JJ 
ones_NN2 ,_, do_VD0 you_PPY really_RR think_VVI that_CST people_NN forgive_VV0 
that_CST easily_RR ?_? 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Right_RR now_RT ,_, out_RP there_RL ,_, are_VBR people_NN 
who_PNQS harbour_VV0 an_AT1 earnest_JJ desire_NN1 for_IF simple_JJ ,_, 
cold-hearted_JJ ,_, old-fashioned_JJ vengeance_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 chance_NN1 to_TO 
get_VVI their_APPGE own_DA back_NN1 ,_, just_RR this_DD1 once_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL Nice_JJ people_NN *-_- ex-friends_NN2 ,_, ex-lovers_NN2 ,_, 
ex-partners-in-crime_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Each_DD1 day_NNT1 their_APPGE eyes_NN2 flick_VV0 down_RP the_AT 
back_NN1 page_NN1 of_IO the_AT *1_NULL Herald_NP1 ,_, *0_NULL down_II 
those_DD2 endless_JJ columns_NN2 of_IO death_NN1 ,_, hoping_VVG to_TO 
catch_VVI your_APPGE surname_NN1 in_II capital_NN1 letters_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Real_JJ enemies_NN2 think_NN1 of_IO you_PPY a_PN21 lot_PN22 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Some_DD may_VM even_RR take_VVI drastic_JJ action_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB ,_, we_PPIS2 'll_VM come_VVI to_II that_DD1 one_PN1 later_RRR 
._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL My_APPGE friend_NN1 ,_, the_AT sergeant_NN1 at_II Central_JJ 
,_, tells_VVZ me_PPIO1 that_CST in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 ,_, unlike_II the_AT 
rest_NN1 of_IO the_AT world_NN1 ,_, only_JJ 10%_NNU of_IO murder_NN1 
victims_NN2 are_VBR killed_VVN by_II strangers_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT rest_NN1 of_IO us_PPIO2 get_VV0 killed_VVN by_II yesterday_RT 
's_GE friends_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Who_PNQS do_VD0 you_PPY think_VVI killed_JJ Gibson_NP1 Grace_NP1 
and_CC buried_VVD his_APPGE body_NN1 in_II a_AT1 Titirangi_NP1 garage_NN1 ?_? 

^ ^_NULL His_APPGE ex-mates_NN2 ,_, of_RR21 course_RR22 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT history_NN1 of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 crime_NN1 is_VBZ 
bloodied_VVN by_II yesterday_RT 's_GE friends_NN2 ,_, plotting_VVG and_CC 
scheming_VVG with_IW one_MC1 end_NN1 result_NN1 *-_- vengeance_NN1 *-_- and_CC 
that_DD1 sweet_JJ satisfaction_NN1 of_IO knowing_VVG they_PPHS2 've_VH0 
removed_VVN ,_, either_RR temporarily_RR or_CC permanently_RR ,_, a_AT1 
real_JJ unmitigated_JJ stinker_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL My_APPGE wife_NN1 ,_, who_PNQS has_VHZ had_VHN better_NN1 
luck_NN1 than_CSN me_PPIO1 in_II making_VVG some_DD really_RR cracker_NN1 
enemies_NN2 ,_, gives_VVZ me_PPIO1 sound_JJ advice_NN1 on_II the_AT art_NN1 
of_IO enemies_NN2 ,_, good_JJ enough_RR to_TO pass_VVI on_RP ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 's_VBZ simple_JJ :_: do_VD0 n't_XX make_VVI mediocre_JJ 
enemies_NN2 ,_, make_VV0 them_PPHO2 whoppers_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Why_RRQ have_VH0 people_NN hating_VVG you_PPY in_II a_AT1 teeny_JJ 
way_NN1 when_CS you_PPY can_VM have_VHI a_AT1 king-size_JJ job_NN1 that_CST 
can_VM make_VVI the_AT heart_NN1 race_NN1 just_RR with_IW the_AT thought_NN1 
of_IO seeing_VVG them_PPHO2 in_II the_AT same_DA room_NN1 ,_, outside_II 
the_AT fish_NN and_CC chip_NN1 shop_NN1 or_CC ,_, better_JJR still_RR ,_, 
at_II the_AT doctor_NN1 's_GE ?_? 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL To_II me_PPIO1 ,_, that_DD1 makes_VVZ a_AT1 lot_NN of_IO 
sense_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Too_RG many_DA2 times_NNT2 we_PPIS2 pussyfoot_NN1 round_RP with_IW 
people_NN we_PPIS2 do_VD0 n't_XX like_VVI ,_, not_XX giving_VVG people_NN 
who_PNQS hate_VV0 us_PPIO2 a_AT1 chance_NN1 to_TO really_RR do_VDI the_AT 
job_NN1 well_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 reckon_VV0 if_CS you_PPY have_VH0 five_MC or_CC six_MC 
friends_NN2 in_II your_APPGE whole_JJ life_NN1 ,_, you_PPY 're_VBR lucky_JJ 
._. 

^ ^_NULL So_RR it_PPH1 's_VBZ probably_RR wise_JJ to_II even_RR out_RP the_AT 
balance_NN1 and_CC have_VH0 six_MC or_CC seven_MC wonderful_JJ enemies_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL You_PPY can_VM add_VVI fuel_NN1 to_II the_AT fire_NN1 over_II 
the_AT years_NNT2 by_II some_DD prodding_NN1 and_CC re-opening_NN1 of_IO 
old_JJ sores_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Arguments_NP1 over_II in-laws_NN2 and_CC illegitimate_JJ offspring_NN 
are_VBR good_JJ starters_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Fist-fights_NN2 with_IW relatives_NN2 at_II either_RR weddings_NN2 
or_CC funerals_NN2 are_VBR sure-fire_JJ winners_NN2 ,_, but_CCB it_PPH1 's_VBZ 
what_DDQ you_PPY do_VD0 *1_NULL after_II *0_NULL which_DDQ really_RR 
counts_VVZ ,_, the_AT *1_NULL way_NN1 *0_NULL you_PPY prod_VV0 and_CC pick_NN1 
at_II the_AT scab_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL You_PPY can_VM help_VVI by_II getting_VVG into_II a_AT1 
bit_NN1 of_IO vicious_JJ letter-writing_NN1 *-_- after_II all_DB ,_, the_AT 
pen_NN1 is_VBZ mightier_JJR than_CSN the_AT sword_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Phone_NN1 calls_NN2 are_VBR a_AT1 waste_NN1 of_IO time_NNT1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Do_VD0 n't_XX make_VVI them_PPHO2 or_CC receive_VV0 them_PPHO2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Within_II 20_MC years_NNT2 or_CC so_CS you_PPY should_VM 
have_VHI a_AT1 good_JJ crop_NN1 of_IO people_NN who_PNQS loathe_VV0 you_PPY 
with_IW style_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 's_VBZ advisable_JJ to_TO keep_VVI them_PPHO2 in_II the_AT 
country_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 's_VBZ pointless_JJ having_VHG enemies_NN2 overseas_RL ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT bad_JJ vibes_NN2 ,_, like_II radio_NN1 signals_NN2 ,_, 
seem_VV0 to_TO weaken_VVI with_IW distance_NN1 ,_, and_CC it_PPH1 's_VBZ 
better_JJR to_TO know_VVI that_CST you_PPY 'll_VM bang_VVI into_II them_PPHO2 
in_II the_AT supermarket_NN1 or_CC see_VV0 them_PPHO2 soon_RR after_II a_AT1 
hair_NN1 transplant_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL With_IW friends_NN2 turned_VVD enemies_NN2 ,_, do_VD0 not_XX 
try_VVI reconciliation_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL After_II all_DB ,_, the_AT joy_NN1 is_VBZ simply_RR knowing_VVG 
they_PPHS2 exist_VV0 and_CC how_RGQ lucky_JJ you_PPY are_VBR to_TO even_RR 
rate_VVI the_AT anguish_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Reconciliations_NN2 with_IW enemies_NN2 lead_VV0 nowhere_RL ._. 

^ ^_NULL Obey_VV0 your_APPGE instinct_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL If_CS you_PPY turn_VV0 the_AT relationship_NN1 sour_JJ ,_, it_PPH1 
's_VBZ not_XX going_VVGK to_TO vanish_VVI with_IW the_AT sunset_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Be_VB0 firm_NNJ ,_, polite_JJ ,_, turn_NN1 down_II an_AT1 offer_NN1 
for_IF drinks_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Return_NN1 presents_NN2 ,_, threaten_VV0 to_TO shoot_VVI 
emissaries_NN2 bearing_VVG greasy_JJ overtures_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Besides_RR ,_, enmity_NN1 is_VBZ too_RG good_JJ and_CC too_RG 
important_JJ in_II your_APPGE life_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Good_JJ enemies_NN2 are_VBR a_AT1 status_NN1 symbol_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 show_VV0 you_PPY 've_VH0 arrived_VVN ,_, that_DD1 life_NN1 
is_VBZ to_TO be_VBI counted_VVN on_RP ._. 

^ ^_NULL Remember_VV0 that_DD1 average_JJ people_NN do_VD0 n't_XX have_VHI 
enemies_NN2 ,_, they_PPHS2 have_VH0 spats_NN2 ,_, no-speaks_VVZ ,_, mundane_JJ 
backyard_NN1 domestics_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL When_CS I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 lad_NN1 and_CC lived_VVN in_II 
Ponsonby_NP1 with_IW my_APPGE grandmother_NN1 ,_, half_DB the_AT street_NN1 
rejoiced_VVD in_II one-off_JJ domestics_NN2 over_II ridiculous_JJ things_NN2 
like_II people_NN burning_JJ rubbish_NN1 and_CC letting_VVG smoke_NN1 
drift_NN1 over_II the_AT fence_NN1 onto_II the_AT backyard_NN1 washing_NN1 ,_, 
whispering_VVG in_II church_NN1 about_II who_PNQS had_VHD n't_XX been_VBN 
to_II mass_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 month_NNT1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL God_NP1 ,_, I_PPIS1 used_VMK to_TO think_VVI ,_, is_VBZ this_RG 
really_RR life_NN1 ?_? 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 all_DB had_VHN deathbed_NN1 reconciliations_NN2 ,_, 
anyway_RR ,_, before_CS they_PPHS2 were_VBDR carted_VVN off_RP to_II 
Waikumete_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Now_RT their_APPGE houses_NN2 have_VH0 rich_JJ people_NN ,_, who_PNQS 
have_VH0 other_JJ people_NN to_TO do_VDI their_APPGE washing_NN1 ,_, 
living_VVG in_II them_PPHO2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *6_NULL ENEMIES_NN2 CROSS_VV0 *0_NULL all_DB barriers_NN2 *-_- 
sexism_NN1 ,_, racism_NN1 ,_, chauvinism_NN1 *-_- and_CC by_RR21 far_RR22 
the_AT cruellest_JJT enemies_NN2 to_TO have_VHI ,_, if_CS you_PPY have_VH0 
n't_XX guessed_VVN it_PPH1 already_RR ,_, are_VBR women_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Not_XX only_RR do_VD0 they_PPHS2 never_RR forget_VVI ,_, they_PPHS2 
never_RR truly_RR forgive_VV0 ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 are_VBR superb_JJ at_II the_AT game_NN1 ,_, leaving_VVG 
us_PPIO2 males_NN2 mere_JJ babies_NN2 in_II the_AT get-even_JJ stakes_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Enemies_NN2 stalk_VV0 the_AT business_NN1 world_NN1 
relentlessly_RR ,_, blossoming_VVG in_II the_AT world_NN1 of_IO intrigue_NN1 
;_; big_JJ money_NN1 always_RR grows_VVZ big_JJ enemies_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Advertising_NN1 ,_, as_CSA everyone_PN1 knows_VVZ ,_, is_VBZ one_MC1 
of_IO the_AT most_RGT competitive_JJ businesses_NN2 in_II the_AT world_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 's_VBZ a_AT1 business_NN1 of_IO hype_NN1 ,_, creativity_NN1 
and_CC enemies_NN2 as_RG thick_JJ as_CSA flies_VVZ in_II summer_NNT1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Because_CS so_RG many_DA2 people_NN get_VV0 fired_VVN (_( or_CC 
as_CSA we_PPIS2 say_VV0 in_II the_AT business_NN1 ,_, *"_" let_VVD go_NN1 
**"_" )_) and_CC because_II21 of_II22 the_AT high_JJ rate_NN1 of_IO 
client-poaching_NN1 between_II the_AT agencies_NN2 ,_, an_AT1 enormous_JJ 
amount_NN1 of_IO animosity_NN1 builds_VVZ up_RP ._. 

^ ^_NULL So_RR highly-paid_JJ agency_NN1 executives_NN2 ,_, who_PNQS should_VM 
have_VHI better_JJR things_NN2 to_TO do_VDI ,_, can_VM spend_VVI their_APPGE 
whole_JJ life_NN1 consumed_VVD with_IW hatred_NN1 ,_, and_CC that_DD1 great_JJ 
partner_NN1 of_IO enemies_NN2 ,_, paranoia_NN1 ,_, soon_RR takes_VVZ a_AT1 
grip_NN1 on_II things_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL But_CCB the_AT real_JJ enemies_NN2 of_IO the_AT 
advertising_NN1 world_NN1 are_VBR not_XX within_II the_AT industry_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Enemies_NN2 of_IO advertising_NN1 are_VBR the_AT media_NN ,_, the_AT 
companies_NN2 who_PNQS would_VM like_VVI to_TO reduce_VVI the_AT agency_NN1 
commission_NN1 system_NN1 ,_, the_AT government_NN which_DDQ taxes_VVZ the_AT 
advertising_NN1 industry_NN1 ,_, and_CC clients_NN2 who_PNQS long_VV0 for_IF 
the_AT day_NNT1 to_TO set_VVI up_RP their_APPGE own_DA in-house_JJ 
industry_NN1 and_CC claim_NN1 on_II the_AT {_NULL BMW_NP }_NULL s_ZZ1 ,_, 
the_AT lunch_NN1 expenses_NN2 ,_, the_AT company_NN1 boat_NN1 and_CC the_AT 
weekends_NNT2 at_II Huka_NP1 Lodge_NNL1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ just_RR one_MC1 example_NN1 of_IO people_NN 
looking_VVG for_IF the_AT wrong_JJ enemy_NN in_II the_AT wrong_JJ place_NN1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL Take_VV0 politicians_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL No_AT group_NN spends_VVZ more_RRR time_VV0 worrying_JJ endlessly_RR 
about_II enemies_NN2 than_CSN this_DD1 lot_NN ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB their_APPGE political_JJ enemies_NN2 are_VBR not_XX in_II 
the_AT opposite_JJ camp_NN1 *-_- the_AT real_JJ enemies_NN2 are_VBR in_II 
their_APPGE own_DA party_NN ,_, and_CC the_AT higher_JJR you_PPY are_VBR up_RP 
the_AT political_JJ totem-pole_NN1 ,_, the_AT more_DAR enemies_NN2 you_PPY 
have_VH0 underneath_NN1 ,_, stabbing_VVG ,_, fighting_VVG ,_, politicking_NN1 
their_APPGE way_NN1 to_II the_AT top_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT enemies_NN2 of_IO politicians_NN2 lie_VV0 awake_JJ 
scheming_NN1 how_RRQ they_PPHS2 can_VM be_VBI the_AT party_NN leader_NN1 or_CC 
deputy_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL And_CC as_CSA they_PPHS2 watch_VV0 their_APPGE birthdays_NN2 roll_VVI 
up_RP ,_, they_PPHS2 can_VM see_VVI the_AT hope_NN1 of_IO such_DA an_AT1 
event_NN1 drifting_VVG further_RRR away_RL ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL But_CCB they_PPHS2 're_VBR great_JJ optimists_NN2 and_CC 
they_PPHS2 know_VV0 that_DD1 history_NN1 is_VBZ often_RR on_II their_APPGE 
side_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 are_VBR also_RR probably_RR aware_JJ that_CST political_JJ 
parties_NN2 ,_, no_RGQV31 matter_RGQV32 how_RGQV33 successful_JJ ,_, often_RR 
get_VV0 on_II the_AT slide_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 can_VM mean_VVI rapid_JJ promotion_NN1 upwards_RL ._. 

^ ^_NULL If_CS the_AT party_NN is_VBZ finally_RR dumped_VVN by_II the_AT 
voters_NN2 ,_, then_RT a_ZZ1 re_II **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL -arranging_NN1 
of_IO the_AT deckchairs_NN2 is_VBZ often_RR immediate_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT meantime_NNT1 ,_, while_CS all_DB hell_NN1 breaks_VVZ 
loose_JJ ,_, all_DB they_PPHS2 have_VH0 to_TO do_VDI is_VBZ keep_NN1 
innocent_NN1 of_IO plotting_VVG ,_, Bolger-style_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Any_DD sign_NN1 of_IO over-zealous_JJ pushing_VVG up_RP the_AT 
queue_NN1 will_VM be_VBI immediately_RR picked_VVN by_II the_AT leader_NN1 ,_, 
his_APPGE bodyguards_NN2 or_CC ,_, even_RR worse_JJR ,_, the_AT news_NN1 
media_NN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL If_CS newspapers_NN2 burst_VV0 into_II print_NN1 ,_, 
spotting_VVG a_AT1 rising_JJ star_NN1 ,_, he_PPHS1 's_VHZ finished_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT enemy_NN within_RL is_VBZ exposed_VVN ,_, and_CC now_RT 
has_VHZ more_RGR in-house_JJ enemies_NN2 than_CSN they_PPHS2 can_VM cope_VVI 
with_IW ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 's_VBZ a_AT1 messy_JJ business_NN1 ,_, politics_NN ,_, and_CC 
I_PPIS1 advise_VV0 you_PPY to_TO have_VHI nothing_PN1 to_TO do_VDI with_IW 
it_PPH1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Or_CC ,_, if_CS you_PPY 're_VBR lucky_JJ enough_RR to_TO spot_VVI 
rising-comers_NN2 first_MD ,_, you_PPY should_VM get_VVI to_TO know_VVI 
them_PPHO2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL There_EX 's_VBZ nothing_PN1 like_II political_JJ favours_NN2 from_II 
the_AT top_NN1 *-_- and_CC remember_VV0 ,_, people_NN with_IW patience_NN1 
have_VH0 always_RR been_VBN rewarded_VVN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II the_AT field_NN1 of_IO international_JJ politics_NN ,_, 
the_AT spotting_NN1 and_CC knowing_VVG of_IO enemies_NN2 is_VBZ a_AT1 
science_NN1 in_II itself_PPX1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Both_RR the_AT {_NULL CIA_NP }_NULL and_CC the_AT {_NULL KGB_NP1 
}_NULL keep_VV0 current_JJ dossiers_NN2 of_IO all_DB enemies_NN2 of_IO the_AT 
people_NN and_CC the_AT state_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL To_TO be_VBI current_JJ and_CC up-to-date_JJ and_CC get_VV0 to_TO 
know_VVI your_APPGE enemy_NN ,_, particularly_RR the_AT current_JJ leaders_NN2 
of_IO foreign_JJ countries_NN2 ,_, you_PPY must_VM not_XX only_RR know_VVI 
how_RRQ his_APPGE head_NN1 works_VVZ ,_, but_CCB also_RR his_APPGE body_NN1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL That_DD1 's_VBZ why_RRQ summit_NN1 meetings_NN2 between_II ,_, 
say_VV0 ,_, Reagan_NP1 and_CC Gorbachev_NP1 ,_, are_VBR so_RG important_JJ 
to_II the_AT manipulations_NN2 of_IO the_AT secret_JJ services_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 provide_VV0 an_AT1 amazing_JJ array_NN1 of_IO 
information_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL They_PPHS2 can_VM get_VVI close_RR up_RP to_TO observe_VVI 
trembling_VVG hands_NN2 ,_, skin_NN1 colour_NN1 ,_, twitching_VVG and_CC 
warts_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL \_NULL TV_NN1 cameras_NN2 ,_, using_VVG infra-red_JJ scanning_JJ 
techniques_NN2 ,_, can_VM detect_VVI all_DB kinds_NN2 of_IO illness_NN1 *-_- 
heat_NN1 spots_NN2 ,_, cold_JJ spots_NN2 ,_, and_CC just_RR plain_JJ old_JJ 
cancers_NN2 and_CC tumours_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL A_AT1 big_JJ moment_NN1 is_VBZ when_CS visiting_VVG heads_NN2 of_IO 
state_NN1 use_VV0 the_AT dunny_NN1 *-_- after_II all_DB ,_, everyone_PN1 
's_VHZ got_VVN to_TO go_VVI sometime_RT ,_, even_RR Maggie_NP1 Thatcher_NP1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT goods_NN2 must_VM be_VBI caught_VVN and_CC extracted_VVN 
from_II the_AT waste_NN1 pipe_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL God_NP1 knows_VVZ who_PNQS 's_VHZ given_VVN that_CST job_NN1 but_CCB 
,_, yes_UH ,_, they_PPHS2 do_VD0 it_PPH1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Russian_JJ dinners_NN2 or_CC White_NP House_NNL1 turkeys_NN2 ,_, 
well-digested_JJ and_CC recently_RR processed_VVD ,_, are_VBR examined_VVN 
in_II detail_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL If_CS you_PPY really_RR want_VV0 to_TO know_VVI how_RRQ your_APPGE 
enemy_NN is_VBZ doing_VDG ,_, then_RT his_APPGE dinner_NN1 will_VM tell_VVI 
you_PPY all_DB ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 's_VBZ like_II an_AT1 autopsy_NN1 on_II the_AT living_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 's_VBZ better_JJR than_CSN tarot_NN1 cards_NN2 and_CC if_CSW 
the_AT Star_NN1 Wars_NN2 project_NN1 was_VBDZ in_II the_AT balance_NN1 ,_, 
would_VM n't_XX you_PPY want_VVI to_TO know_VVI the_AT lowdown_NN1 ?_? 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 's_VBZ always_RR sad_JJ to_TO see_VVI yesterday_RT 
's_GE greats_NN2 *-_- giants_NN2 of_IO power_NN1 ,_, money_NN1 and_CC 
position_NN1 *-_- in_II old_JJ age_NN1 turning_VVG into_II enemies_NN2 of_IO 
the_AT people_NN ._. 

^ ^_NULL Sure_JJ ,_, we_PPIS2 all_DB know_VV0 they_PPHS2 're_VBR more_DAR 
enemies_NN2 of_IO themselves_PPX2 ,_, but_CCB ,_, how_RRQ can_VM you_PPY 
tell_VVI that_DD1 ?_? 

^ ^_NULL Touch-stones_NN2 of_IO the_AT past_NN1 in_II suddenly_RR enforced_JJ 
retirement_NN1 ,_, become_VVN bitter_JJ and_CC twisted_VVN with_IW the_AT 
passing_JJ days_NNT2 ,_, with_IW the_AT bitterness_NN1 setting_VVG in_RP 
like_II concrete_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Nothing_PN1 is_VBZ right_JJ ,_, or_CC will_VM be_VBI ever_RR again_RT 
,_, without_IW their_APPGE hand_NN1 at_II the_AT helm_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Robbie_NP1 ,_, Auckland_NP1 's_GE great_JJ mayor_NN1 ,_, 
is_VBZ such_DA a_AT1 man_NN1 *-_- what_DDQ can_VM we_PPIS2 ever_RR do_VDI 
to_TO please_VVI him_PPHO1 ?_? 

^ ^_NULL Robbie_NP1 ,_, in_II retirement_NN1 ,_, could_VM have_VHI been_VBN 
this_DD1 City_NN1 's_VBZ Father_NN1 ,_, loved_VVN by_II all_DB ,_, 
honoured_VVD ,_, a_AT1 living_JJ treasure_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB in_II his_APPGE retirement_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 have_VH0 to_TO 
be_VBI harangued_VVN and_CC treated_VVN as_RG callow_JJ enemies_NN2 of_IO 
the_AT man_NN1 we_PPIS2 used_VMK to_TO adore_VVI ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 's_VBZ a_AT1 great_JJ pity_NN1 ,_, but_CCB a_AT1 fact_NN1 ,_, 
and_CC Robbie_NP1 will_VM go_VVI to_II his_APPGE grave_NN1 hating_VVG the_AT 
city_NN1 and_CC its_APPGE people_NN for_IF spurning_VVG him_PPHO1 when_RRQ 
nothing_PN1 could_VM be_VBI further_JJR from_II the_AT truth_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB he_PPHS1 sees_VVZ us_PPIO2 as_CSA enemies_NN2 ,_, and_CC 
that_DD1 's_VBZ it_PPH1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Rob_NP1 Muldoon_NP1 is_VBZ another_DD1 who_PNQS ,_, after_II 
knowing_VVG great_JJ power_NN1 shows_VVZ a_AT1 will_NN1 to_TO make_VVI 
enemies_NN2 of_IO anyone_PN1 who_PNQS doubts_VVZ ,_, for_IF a_AT1 second_NNT1 
,_, that_CST he_PPHS1 is_VBZ still_RR the_AT best_JJT leader_NN1 of_IO the_AT 
National_JJ Party_NNJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL That_DD1 point_NN1 I_PPIS1 would_VM n't_XX debate_VVI for_IF a_AT1 
minute_NNT1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL We_PPIS2 can_VM only_RR wonder_VVI how_RRQ an_AT1 aged_JJ 
David_NP1 Lange_NP1 or_CC Tim_NP1 Shadbolt_NP1 will_VM treat_VVI us_PPIO2 
when_RRQ they_PPHS2 are_VBR out_II21 of_II22 office_NN1 ,_, out_II21 of_II22 
favour_NN1 and_CC ,_, although_CS it_PPH1 sounds_VVZ an_AT1 impossibility_NN1 
right_RR now_RT ,_, out_II21 of_II22 mind_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *6_NULL WHILE_CS WE_PPIS2 HAVE_VH0 *0_NULL enemies_NN2 on_II 
a_AT1 personal_JJ scale_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 also_RR have_VH0 enemies_NN2 on_II 
a_AT1 global_JJ scale_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Our_APPGE world_NN1 ,_, as_CSA it_PPH1 has_VHZ always_RR done_VDN ,_, 
is_VBZ debating_VVG the_AT issues_NN2 of_IO both_DB2 peace_NN1 and_CC war_NN1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL Right_RR now_RT ,_, New_NP Zealand_NP1 is_VBZ locked_VVN in_II 
this_DD1 debate_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT problem_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX whether_CSW we_PPIS2 should_VM 
have_VHI nuclear_JJ war_NN1 **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL -ships_NN2 downtown_RL 
or_CC whether_CSW America_NP1 is_VBZ trying_VVG to_TO intimidate_VVI us_PPIO2 
into_II doing_VDG so_RG ,_, but_CCB whether_CSW we_PPIS2 should_VM be_VBI 
part_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 alliance_NN1 that_CST will_VM ensure_VVI we_PPIS2 
always_RR have_VH0 an_AT1 enemy_NN ready_JJ to_TO destroy_VVI us_PPIO2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 ca_VM n't_XX remember_VVI a_AT1 time_NNT1 when_RRQ 
there_EX has_VHZ n't_XX been_VBN the_AT potential_NN1 for_IF war_NN1 ,_, on_II 
either_RR political_JJ ,_, economical_JJ or_CC territorial_JJ grounds_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 are_VBR always_RR about_RPK to_TO be_VBI destroyed_VVN by_II 
someone_PN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT domino_NN1 factor_NN1 came_VVD and_CC went_VVD with_IW the_AT 
Vietnam_NP1 War_NN1 ,_, and_CC now_RT the_AT Anzus_NP1 row_NN1 is_VBZ 
supposed_JJ to_TO have_VHI us_PPIO2 on_II the_AT edge_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE 
seats_NN2 ,_, awaiting_VVG the_AT next_MD threat_NN1 from_II the_AT White_NP 
House_NNL1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL One_MC1 thing_NN1 is_VBZ certain_JJ ,_, we_PPIS2 are_VBR continual_JJ 
victims_NN2 of_IO orchestrated_JJ paranoia_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL If_CS we_PPIS2 are_VBR talking_VVG of_IO global_JJ 
strategy_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ clear_JJ to_II me_PPIO1 that_CST the_AT 
enemy_NN is_VBZ always_RR created_VVN ,_, first_MD by_II politicians_NN2 
and_CC then_RT by_II paranoia_NN1 ._. 

^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 155+TEXT+F12_FO **]_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *3_NULL THE_AT *1_NULL pa_NN1 site_NN1 of_IO Rangitatau_NP1 
occupies_VVZ a_AT1 prominent_JJ hilltop_NN1 at_II the_AT entrance_NN1 to_II 
te_AT Whanganui_NP1 a_AT1 Tara_NP1 ,_, Wellington_NP1 Harbour_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL With_IW a_AT1 full_JJ 360_MC degrees_NN2 viewpoint_VV0 ,_, 
Rangitatau_NP1 proved_VVD a_AT1 formidable_JJ defence_NN1 for_IF the_AT 
Ngai_NP1 Tara_NP1 iwi_NN2 ,_, the_AT mana_NN1 whenua_NN1 of_IO Poneke_NP1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL With_IW the_AT pa_NN1 site_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE 
tupuna_NN1 ,_, Tuteremoana_NP1 virtually_RR on_II his_APPGE backyard_NN1 
and_CC dominating_VVG his_APPGE skyline_NN1 ,_, Ray_NP1 Ahipene_NP1 Mercer_NP1 
is_VBZ finding_VVG that_CST his_APPGE whakapapa_NN1 has_VHZ proved_VVN 
that_CST the_AT best_JJT defence_NN1 is_VBZ offence_NN1 as_CSA he_PPHS1 
battles_VVZ to_TO prevent_VVI the_AT continued_JJ desecration_NN1 taking_VVG 
place_NN1 below_II Rangitatau_NP1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT fight_NN1 is_VBZ over_II the_AT sewage_NN1 outfall_NN1 
of_IO Wellington_NP1 city_NN1 at_II Moa_NP Point_NNL1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Untreated_JJ sewage_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN pouring_VVG from_II this_DD1 
outfall_NN1 pipe_NN1 for_IF many_DA2 years_NNT2 despoiling_VVG kaimoana_NN1 
and_CC desecrating_VVG a_AT1 fishing_NN1 resource_NN1 guaranteed_VVN to_II 
the_AT Maori_JJ people_NN under_II article_NN1 two_MC of_IO the_AT Treaty_NN1 
of_IO Waitangi_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ equally_RR an_AT1 affront_NN1 to_II pakeha_NP1 with_IW 
flow_NN1 on_II effects_NN2 to_II health_NN1 from_II the_AT polluted_JJ 
water_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL For_IF Ray_NP1 and_CC his_APPGE allies_NN2 ,_, the_AT Clean_JJ 
Water_NN1 Campaign_NN1 ,_, the_AT take_NN1 is_VBZ quite_RG simple_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL All_DB the_AT people_NN in_II Wellington_NP1 contribute_VV0 to_II 
the_AT tiko_NN1 ,_, so_CS all_DB should_VM share_VVI in_II its_APPGE 
removal_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL For_IF the_AT operators_NN2 of_IO the_AT outfall_NN1 ,_, 
the_AT Wellington_NP City_NNL1 Council_NNJ ,_, it_PPH1 's_VBZ equally_RR 
clear_JJ unlike_II the_AT moana_NN1 around_II the_AT outfall_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Sewage_NP1 is_VBZ a_AT1 necessity_NN1 of_IO life_NN1 and_CC must_VM 
go_VVI somewhere_RL ._. 

^ ^_NULL Moa_NP Point_NNL1 has_VHZ proved_VVN handy_JJ for_IF many_DA2 
years_NNT2 but_CCB the_AT increasing_JJ community_NNJ concern_NN1 regarding_II 
environmental_JJ issues_NN2 means_VVZ improvements_NN2 must_VM be_VBI 
considered_VVN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT council_NNJ has_VHZ been_VBN involved_JJ in_II a_AT1 
battle_NN1 with_IW the_AT Clean_JJ Water_NN1 Campaign_NN1 for_IF the_AT 
past_JJ year_NNT1 over_II plans_NN2 to_TO build_VVI a_AT1 milliscreening_JJ 
plant_NN1 at_II Moa_NP Point_NNL1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT council_NNJ says_VVZ this_DD1 would_VM reduce_VVI the_AT 
sewage_NN1 in_II size_NN1 and_CC so_RR make_VV0 it_PPH1 easier_RRR to_TO 
be_VBI broken_VVN down_RP and_CC absorbed_VVN by_II the_AT sea_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Opponents_NN2 say_VV0 milliscreening_VVG would_VM be_VBI no_AT 
more_DAR than_CSN a_AT1 giant_JJ sieve_NN1 and_CC make_VV0 less_DAR obvious_JJ 
,_, dangerous_JJ pollution_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 say_VV0 it_PPH1 could_VM even_RR give_VVI a_AT1 false_JJ 
sense_NN1 of_IO security_NN1 to_II people_NN that_CST the_AT shellfish_NN1 
and_CC surrounding_VVG beaches_NN2 are_VBR safe_JJ for_IF use_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Ray_NP1 lives_VVZ at_II Breaker_NP Bay_NNL1 ,_, just_RR 
around_II the_AT corner_NN1 from_II Moa_NP Point_NNL1 ,_, and_CC along_II21 
with_II22 local_JJ residents_NN2 and_CC other_JJ allies_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 
the_AT environmental_JJ action_NN1 group_NN ,_, **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL 
the_AT Clean_JJ Water_NN1 Campaign_NN1 ,_, has_VHZ worked_VVN to_TO get_VVI 
improvements_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 has_VHZ included_VVN adequate_JJ warning_NN1 signs_NN2 at_II 
Moa_NP Point_NNL1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Ray_NP1 says_VVZ the_AT old_JJ ones_NN2 were_VBDR almost_RR 
illegible_JJ through_II weathering_VVG ._. 

^ ^_NULL Even_RR newer_JJR ones_NN2 are_VBR so_RG full_JJ of_IO jargonese_NN1 
that_CST they_PPHS2 are_VBR not_XX effective_JJ as_II a_AT1 health_NN1 
warning_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL He_PPHS1 says_VVZ many_DA2 times_NNT2 people_NN in_II the_AT 
water_NN1 even_RR collecting_VVG shellfish_NN1 have_VH0 to_TO be_VBI told_VVN 
about_II the_AT outfall_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 provided_VVD Wellington_NP City_NNL1 councillor_NN1 
David_NP1 Bull_NP1 with_IW warning_NN1 messages_NN2 in_II Samoan_NP1 and_CC 
Maori_NP1 as_CC31 well_CC32 as_CC33 English_JJ ,_, but_CCB says_VVZ 
nothing_PN1 came_VVD of_IO it_PPH1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Ray_NP1 is_VBZ a_AT1 37-year-old_JJ musician_NN1 and_CC 
guitar_NN1 maker_NN1 by_II trade_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 spent_VVD most_DAT of_IO his_APPGE life_NN1 in_II 
England_NP1 ,_, returning_VVG to_II his_APPGE homeland_NN1 in_II 1981_MC ,_, 
the_AT time_NNT1 of_IO the_AT Springbok_NN1 protests_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL For_IF him_PPHO1 it_PPH1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 rude_JJ awakening_NN1 to_II 
divisions_NN2 in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 society_NN ,_, divisions_NN2 that_CST 
cut_VV0 right_RR across_II racial_JJ ,_, economic_JJ and_CC political_JJ 
lines_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT aftermath_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 more_RGR conscious_JJ New_NP 
Zealand_NP1 ,_, Ray_NP1 found_VVD a_AT1 vitality_NN1 and_CC an_AT1 
increased_JJ social_JJ concern_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II a_AT1 linking_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 concern_NN1 with_IW his_APPGE 
musician_NN1 's_VBZ background_NN1 ,_, Ray_NP1 has_VHZ received_VVN the_AT 
support_NN1 of_IO the_AT Wellington_NP1 Musician_NP1 's_GE Union_NNJ in_II 
opposition_NN1 to_II the_AT outfall_NN1 at_II Moa_NP1 \_NULL Pt_FO ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 also_RR received_VVD the_AT backing_NN1 of_IO the_AT 
recent_JJ Maori_JJ Trade_NN1 Unionists_NN2 '_GE Hui_NN1 at_II Rotorua_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 says_VVZ his_APPGE involvement_NN1 in_II the_AT Clean_JJ 
Water_NN1 Campaign_NN1 came_VVD more_DAR from_II a_AT1 cultural_JJ 
viewpoint_NN1 than_CSN just_RR environmental_JJ concern_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL *"_" ^_NULL I_PPIS1 am_VBM a_AT1 Maori_JJ first_MD ._. 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 've_VH0 avoided_VVN getting_VVG wrapped_VVN up_RP in_II 
the_AT technical_JJ aspects_NN2 ,_, the_AT dispersal_NN1 rates_NN2 ,_, the_AT 
flow_NN1 rates_NN2 \_NULL etc_RA ,_, and_CC stuck_VVN to_II the_AT 
principles_NN2 ._. **"_" 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 has_VHZ the_AT support_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE parents_NN2 ,_, 
mother_NN1 Romona_NP1 Ahipene_NP1 and_CC father_NN1 Gene_NP1 Mercer_NP1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Ray_NP1 is_VBZ most_RGT angry_JJ that_CST two_MC alternate_JJ 
sites_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN investigated_VVN by_II the_AT Wellington_NP 
City_NNL1 **[_NULL sic_RR **]_NULL encompassing_VVG primary_JJ and_CC 
secondary_JJ treatment_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Both_DB2 Gollans_NP Valley_NNL1 among_II the_AT hills_NN2 on_II 
the_AT east_ND1 side_NN1 of_IO the_AT harbour_NN1 ,_, and_CC Karori_NP1 
Stream_NN1 mouth_NN1 were_VBDR found_VVN to_TO be_VBI environmentally_RR 
superior_JJ and_CC similar_JJ in_II cost_NN1 to_II Moa_NP Point_NNL1 
according_II21 to_II22 Ray_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL That_DD1 cost_NN1 was_VBDZ estimated_VVN at_II more_RR21 than_RR22 
70_MC million_NNO dollars_NNU2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT milliscreening_JJ plant_NN1 at_II Moa_NP Point_NNL1 
is_VBZ costed_VVN at_II ten_MC million_NNO dollars_NNU2 for_IF which_DDQ 
the_AT council_NNJ has_VHZ to_TO get_VVI a_AT1 loan_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL However_RRQV ratepayers_NN2 rejected_VVD the_AT loan_NN1 proposal_NN1 
in_II a_AT1 recent_JJ poll_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Other_JJ sites_NN2 are_VBR now_RT being_VBG considered_VVN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT council_NNJ has_VHZ said_VVN a_AT1 milliscreening_JJ 
plant_NN1 is_VBZ just_RR the_AT first_MD stage_NN1 with_IW secondary_JJ 
treatment_NN1 ,_, so_RR to_TO speak_VVI ,_, in_II the_AT pipeline_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT debate_NN1 has_VHZ raged_VVN equally_RR fiercely_RR within_II 
the_AT council_NNJ ,_, with_IW Labour_JJ and_CC Citizen_NN1 party_NN 
politics_NN ,_, each_DD1 accusing_VVG the_AT other_NN1 of_IO time_NNT1 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL -_- wasting_VVG ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL What_DDQ the_AT battle_NN1 has_VHZ shown_VVN is_VBZ the_AT 
inability_NN1 and_CC in_II some_DD cases_NN2 ,_, unwillingness_NN1 of_IO 
local_JJ authorities_NN2 to_TO acknowledge_VVI their_APPGE obligations_NN2 
under_II article_NN1 two_MC of_IO the_AT Treaty_NN1 of_IO Waitangi_NP1 ,_, 
where_CS the_AT Maori_NP1 were_VBDR guaranteed_VVN the_AT use_NN1 of_IO 
their_APPGE taonga_NN1 ,_, included_VVN in_II which_DDQ were_VBDR 
fisheries_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT findings_NN2 of_IO the_AT Waitangi_NP1 Tribunal_NN1 
in_II the_AT recent_JJ Manukau_NP1 decision_NN1 showed_VVD how_RGQ 
successive_JJ local_JJ authorities_NN2 around_II the_AT Manukau_NP1 
harbour_NN1 ,_, ignored_VVD local_JJ Maori_JJ fishing_NN1 areas_NN2 and_CC 
built_VVD drainage_NN1 systems_NN2 ,_, outfalls_NN2 and_CC even_RR 
prohibited_JJ marae_NN2 building_NN1 and_CC fishing_NN1 in_II one_MC1 area_NN1 
because_II21 of_II22 an_AT1 airport_NN1 extension_NN1 that_CST never_RR 
came_VVD ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Wellington_NP1 city_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN no_AT different_JJ 
,_, with_IW lip_NN1 service_NN1 only_RR being_VBG paid_VVN to_II cultural_JJ 
sensitivity_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II cases_NN2 where_CS it_PPH1 is_VBZ needed_VVN the_AT pakeha_NP1 
bureaucratic_JJ response_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO seek_VVI out_RP the_AT definitive_JJ 
*"_" Maori_JJ **"_" view_NN1 ,_, that_DD1 is_VBZ the_AT viewpoint_NN1 that_CST 
all_DB Maori_JJ people_NN are_VBR expected_VVN to_TO hold_VVI ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL As_CC31 well_CC32 as_CC33 being_VBG extremely_RR simplistic_JJ 
,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ patronising_VVG in_II that_DD1 pakeha_NP1 people_NN are_VBR 
n't_XX expected_VVN to_TO hold_VVI all_DB the_AT views_NN2 of_IO Sir_NNB 
Robert_NP1 Muldoon_NP1 ,_, so_CS why_RRQ expect_VVI all_DB maoridom_NN1 to_TO 
agree_VVI with_IW Sir_NNB Graham_NP1 Latimer_NP1 ?_? 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL And_CC usually_RR the_AT consultation_NN1 process_NN1 
defines_VVZ what_DDQ is_VBZ accepted_VVN as_II the_AT definitive_JJ Maori_JJ 
view_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Maori_JJ planner_NN1 ,_, George_NP1 Asher_NP1 has_VHZ 
always_RR stressed_VVN this_DD1 in_II his_APPGE dealings_NN2 with_IW local_JJ 
authorities_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 says_VVZ because_CS Maori_JJ people_NN are_VBR not_XX 
part_NN1 of_IO the_AT planning_NN1 process_NN1 from_II the_AT beginning_NN1 
consultations_NN2 ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ very_RG hard_JJ to_TO introduce_VVI 
cultural_JJ sensitivity_NN1 part_NN1 way_NN1 along_II the_AT road_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL He_PPHS1 's_VHZ found_VVN that_CST when_CS Maori_JJ views_NN2 
are_VBR understood_VVN by_II local_JJ authorities_NN2 ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ 
quite_RR a_AT1 different_JJ matter_NN1 to_TO firstly_RR rectify_VVI past_JJ 
mistakes_NN2 and_CC secondly_RR make_VV0 sure_JJ they_PPHS2 do_VD0 n't_XX 
happen_VVI again_RT ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Wellington_NP City_NNL1 Council_NNJ has_VHZ heard_VVN 
the_AT views_NN2 of_IO Te_AT Atiawa_NP1 elder_NN1 ,_, Ralph_NP1 Love_NP1 ,_, 
as_CSA has_VHZ Ray_NP1 Ahipene_NP1 Mercer_NP1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Ray_NP1 says_VVZ the_AT council_NNJ has_VHZ preferred_VVN 
to_TO accept_VVI the_AT more_RGR conservative_JJ view_NN1 of_IO \_NULL Mr_NNB 
Love_NP1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Frustration_NN1 with_IW not_XX getting_VVG the_AT support_NN1 
of_IO the_AT Te_AT Atiawa_NP1 elder_NN1 ,_, drove_VVD Ray_NP1 to_II 
seeking_VVG the_AT opinion_NN1 of_IO other_JJ Te_AT Atiawa_NP1 and_CC 
Raukawa_NP1 people_NN ,_, who_PNQS are_VBR seen_VVN as_CSA being_VBG the_AT 
custodians_NN2 of_IO Te_AT Whanganui_NP1 a_AT1 Tara_NP1 from_II the_AT 
pakeha_NP1 settlement_NN1 of_IO Poneke_NP1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Ray_NP1 's_GE tupuna_NN1 ,_, Ngai_NP1 Tara_NP1 are_VBR 
acknowledged_VVN as_CSA being_VBG occupants_NN2 of_IO Wellington_NP1 
prior_II21 to_II22 Te_AT Atiawa_NP1 and_CC Raukawa_NP1 ,_, hence_RR Te_AT 
Whanganui_NP1 a_AT1 Tara_NP1 ,_, the_AT sheltering_JJ harbour_NN1 of_IO 
Tara_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ at_II the_AT Wellington_NP1 District_NN1 Maori_JJ 
Council_NNJ that_CST this_DD1 support_NN1 came_VVD through_RP ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 've_VH0 resolved_VVN to_TO approach_VVI the_AT 
Wellington_NP City_NNL1 Council_NNJ over_II this_DD1 concern_NN1 for_IF the_AT 
continued_JJ disposing_NN1 of_IO sewage_NN1 from_II Moa_NP Point_NNL1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Whatever_DDQV the_AT Wellington_NP City_NNL1 Council_NNJ 
response_NN1 to_II the_AT ratepayers_NN2 loan_NN1 poll_NN1 ,_, Ray_NP1 is_VBZ 
aware_JJ that_CST the_AT battle_NN1 is_VBZ being_VBG fought_VVN on_II many_DA2 
fronts_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL He_PPHS1 's_VHZ watched_VVN the_AT successful_JJ appeals_NN2 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL to_II the_AT Waitangi_NP1 tribunal_NN1 over_II 
the_AT dumping_NN1 of_IO sewage_NN1 into_II the_AT Kaituna_NP River_NNL1 by_II 
the_AT Rotorua_NP City_NNL1 Council_NNJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Also_RR the_AT Te_AT Atiawa_NP1 appeal_NN1 over_II sewage_NN1 
disposal_NN1 by_II the_AT New_JJ Plymouth_NP City_NNL1 Council_NNJ ,_, and_CC 
the_AT Motunui_NP1 Synthetic_JJ Fuel_NN1 Plant_NN1 siting_NN1 of_IO waste_NN1 
pipes_NN2 ,_, in_II the_AT traditional_JJ kaimoana_NN1 gathering_NN1 area_NN1 
._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Ray_NP1 's_VHZ seen_VVN that_CST the_AT Treaty_NN1 of_IO 
Waitangi_NP1 does_VDZ have_VHI significance_NN1 ,_, and_CC soon_RR teeth_NN2 
,_, in_II a_AT1 bureaucratic_JJ world_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL An_AT1 appeal_NN1 to_II the_AT tribunal_NN1 over_II Moa_NP Point_NNL1 
is_VBZ an_AT1 option_NN1 that_CST makes_VVZ more_DAR sense_NN1 to_II Ray_NP1 
day_NNT1 by_II day_NNT1 ._. 

^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL A_AT1 *0_NULL trip_NN1 
to_II the_AT Moa_NP Point_NNL1 sewage_NN1 outfall_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX my_APPGE 
idea_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 pleasant_JJ journey_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Nor_CC was_VBDZ that_DD1 the_AT experience_NN1 of_IO about_RG 
seventy_MC predominantly_RR Maori_JJ people_NN who_PNQS gathered_VVD by_II 
the_AT outfall_NN1 ,_, on_II Saturday_NPD1 the_AT twelfth_MD of_IO March_NPM1 
._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT occasion_NN1 was_VBDZ to_TO see_VVI with_IW our_APPGE 
eyes_NN2 what_DDQ was_VBDZ happening_VVG to_II the_AT shoreline_NN1 and_CC 
surrounding_VVG sea_NN1 area_NN1 and_CC to_TO hear_VVI how_RRQ our_APPGE 
tupuna_NN1 viewed_VVD the_AT area_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL One_PN1 Te_AT Atiawa_NP1 man_NN1 said_VVD the_AT common_JJ 
expression_NN1 of_IO solidarity_NN1 ,_, *"_" tatou_NN1 ,_, tatou_NN1 **"_" ,_, 
had_VHD been_VBN turned_VVN into_II *"_" tutae_NN2 ,_, tutae_NN2 **"_" ,_, 
and_CC the_AT time_NNT1 had_VHD come_VVN to_TO bring_VVI this_DD1 message_NN1 
home_RL to_II the_AT decision_NN1 makers_NN2 in_II the_AT capital_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ pointed_VVN out_RP that_CST Moa_NP Point_NNL1 
,_, by_II the_AT flight_NN1 path_NN1 to_II Wellington_NP1 International_JJ 
Airport_NN1 and_CC the_AT seaway_NN1 into_II Wellington_NP1 Harbour_NP1 ,_, 
was_VBDZ a_AT1 shocking_JJ introduction_NN1 to_II a_AT1 so-called_JJ *'_" 
civilized_JJ **'_" capital_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Later_RRR the_AT group_NN were_VBDR taken_VVN to_II the_AT 
peak_NN1 of_IO Rangitatau_NP1 ,_, overlooking_VVG Moa_NP Point_NNL1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_RL the_AT full_JJ majestic_JJ creation_NN1 of_IO Te_AT 
Whanganui_NP1 a_AT1 Tara_NP1 lay_VVD in_II a_AT1 full_JJ circle_NN1 around_II 
the_AT pa_NN1 site_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL From_II there_RL could_VM be_VBI seen_VVN ,_, te_AT Pito-one_MC ,_, 
the_AT sandy_JJ end_NN1 (_( anglicised_VVN to_II Petone_NP1 )_) and_CC the_AT 
Hutt_NP Valley_NNL1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Closer_RRR was_VBDZ the_AT area_NN1 of_IO Kilbirnie_NP1 that_CST 
geologically_RR recently_RR was_VBDZ uplifted_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 coupled_VVD with_IW the_AT levelling_NN1 of_IO the_AT 
area_NN1 around_II the_AT airport_NN1 ,_, contributed_VVD to_II the_AT 
runway_NN1 which_DDQ now_RT extends_VVZ far_RR into_II the_AT harbour_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL From_II Rangitatau_NP1 could_VM equally_RR be_VBI seen_VVN 
the_AT Pencarrow_NP1 sewage_NN1 outfall_NN1 on_II the_AT east_ND1 side_NN1 
of_IO the_AT harbour_NN1 and_CC how_RRQ the_AT coastal_JJ currents_NN2 and_CC 
winds_NN2 drive_VV0 the_AT effluent_NN1 carrying_VVG waters_NN2 to_II many_DA2 
parts_NN2 of_IO the_AT harbour_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL At_II that_DD1 time_NNT1 looking_VVG out_RP over_II the_AT 
harbour_NN1 the_AT quoted_JJ words_NN2 of_IO a_ZZ1 Hutt_NP Valley_NNL1 
city_NN1 councillor_NN1 came_VVD to_TO mind_VVI that_CST a_AT1 strong_JJ 
South_NP Atlantic_NP1 current_NN1 carried_VVD the_AT Pencarrow_NP1 primary_NN1 
treated_VVN sewage_VV0 away_RL ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL And_CC then_RT much_RR closer_RRR at_II hand_NN1 was_VBDZ 
the_AT fatty_JJ slick_NN1 clearly_RR visible_JJ coming_NN1 out_II21 of_II22 
the_AT Moa_NP Point_NNL1 outfall_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL I_MC1 there_RL and_CC then_RT resolved_VVD never_RR to_TO swim_VVI 
at_II Lyall_NP Bay_NNL1 or_CC even_RR Island_NP Bay_NNL1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL On_II the_AT descent_NN1 the_AT bay_NN1 adjacent_II21 to_II22 
Moa_NP Point_NNL1 was_VBDZ pointed_VVN out_RP ._. 

^ ^_NULL Called_VVN Tarakena_NP Bay_NNL1 ,_, it_PPH1 was_VBDZ long_RR 
recognised_VVN by_II the_AT tribes_NN2 crossing_VVG te_AT Moana_NP1 o_ZZ1 
Raukawa_NP1 ,_, (_( Cook_NP Strait_NNL1 )_) as_II the_AT best_RRT place_VV0 
to_TO launch_VVI or_CC beach_VVI a_AT1 waka_NN1 in_II rough_JJ southerly_JJ 
weather_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 has_VHZ been_VBN recognised_VVN by_II the_AT Civil_JJ 
Aviation_NN1 in_II the_AT last_MD twenty_MC or_CC so_RR years_NNT2 because_CS 
it_PPH1 is_VBZ designated_VVN as_II the_AT official_JJ launching_NN1 ramp_NN1 
for_IF rescue_NN1 craft_NN1 in_II the_AT event_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 aircraft_NN 
going_VVG down_RP in_II the_AT sea_NN1 approach_NN1 to_II Wellington_NP1 
Airport_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Just_RR around_II the_AT corner_NN1 into_II the_AT harbour_NN1 
entrance_NN1 is_VBZ Breaker_NP Bay_NNL1 and_CC Steeple_NP Rock_NNL1 ,_, 
known_VVN as_II Te_AT Aroaro_NN1 a_AT1 Kupe_NP1 ,_, the_AT entranceway_NN1 
of_IO Kupe_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 was_VBDZ the_AT area_NN1 the_AT inter-island_JJ ferry_NN1 
the_AT Wahine_NP1 sunk_VVN in_RP ._. 

^ ^_NULL After_II seeing_VVG what_DDQ Ray_NP1 sees_VVZ at_II Moa_NP Point_NNL1 
,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ easier_JJR to_TO understand_VVI what_DDQ Ray_NP1 is_VBZ 
on_RP about_RP ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" Coming_VVG against_II what_DDQ is_VBZ being_VBG done_VDN 
at_II Moa_NP Point_NNL1 ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ fairly_RR easy_JJ to_TO see_VVI 
what_DDQ has_VHZ to_TO be_VBI done_VDN ._. 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 've_VH0 had_VHN to_TO establish_VVI my_APPGE whakapapa_NN1 
within_II my_APPGE own_DA understanding_NN1 first_MD before_II asking_VVG 
others_NN2 to_TO support_VVI this_DD1 take_VV0 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" It_PPH1 's_VBZ then_RT I_PPIS1 realise_VV0 the_AT 
incredible_JJ depth_NN1 we_PPIS2 all_DB have_VH0 to_TO draw_VVI on_RP and_CC 
see_VVI I_PPIS1 'm_VBM sitting_VVG on_II31 top_II32 of_II33 a_AT1 mountain_NN1 
of_IO what_DDQ has_VHZ been_VBN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" We_PPIS2 owe_VV0 it_PPH1 to_II our_APPGE children_NN2 
to_TO look_VVI after_II that_DD1 heritage_NN1 ._. **"_" 

^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL *<_NULL *4_NULL Saving_VVG the_AT whale_NN1 
*>_NULL 

^ *<_NULL *1_NULL Ian_NP1 Stewart_NP1 comments_NN2 on_II the_AT recent_JJ 
meeting_NN1 of_IO the_AT International_JJ Whaling_NN1 Commission_NNJ in_II 
Sweden_NP1 *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL The_AT International_JJ Whaling_NN1 Commission_NNJ (_( 
{_NULL IWC_NP1 }_NULL )_) held_VVD its_APPGE 38th_MD Annual_JJ Meeting_NN1 
at_II Malmo_NP1 ,_, Sweden_NP1 ,_, in_II June_NPM1 1986_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL For_IF the_AT first_MD time_NNT1 since_CS the_AT {_NULL IWC_NN1 
}_NULL convention_NN1 was_VBDZ signed_VVN 40_MC years_NNT2 ago_RA ,_, the_AT 
Commission_NNJ did_VDD not_XX vote_VVI on_II any_DD of_IO the_AT proposals_NN2 
before_CS it_PPH1 ,_, but_CCB reached_VVD agreement_NN1 (_( not_XX without_IW 
difficulty_NN1 in_II some_DD cases_NN2 )_) on_II all_DB issues_NN2 by_II 
consensus_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 may_VM suggest_VVI a_AT1 harmony_NN1 among_II the_AT 
member_NN1 governments_NNJ2 over_II the_AT objectives_NN2 and_CC policies_NN2 
of_IO the_AT Organisation_NNJ which_DDQ does_VDZ not_XX in_II fact_NN1 
exist_VV0 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT differences_NN2 between_II the_AT whaling_NN1 countries_NN2 
and_CC the_AT conservationist_NN1 countries_NN2 (_( the_AT latter_DA often_RR 
called_VVN the_AT *'_" like-minded_JJ **'_" )_) are_VBR very_RG real_JJ ,_, 
and_CC are_VBR by_RR31 no_RR32 means_RR33 being_VBG merged_VVN in_II a_AT1 
broad_JJ consensus_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 does_VDZ indicate_VVI however_RRQV that_DD1 considerable_JJ 
efforts_NN2 are_VBR being_VBG made_VVN by_II all_DB member_NN1 states_NN2 ,_, 
as_CSA the_AT Commission_NNJ is_VBZ progressively_RR changing_VVG course_NN1 
,_, to_TO try_VVI to_TO hold_VVI the_AT Organisation_NNJ together_RL ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL As_CSA with_IW a_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO other_JJ 
international_JJ organisations_NN2 ,_, the_AT focus_NN1 of_IO attention_NN1 
in_II the_AT Commission_NNJ is_VBZ very_RG different_JJ in_II 1986_MC from_II 
what_DDQ it_PPH1 was_VBDZ when_RRQ the_AT Convention_NN1 was_VBDZ signed_VVN 
._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT objective_NN1 in_II the_AT Convention_NN1 was_VBDZ stated_VVN 
to_TO be_VBI *'_" to_TO provide_VVI for_IF the_AT proper_JJ conservation_NN1 
of_IO whale_NN1 stocks_NN2 and_CC thus_RR make_VV0 possible_JJ the_AT 
orderly_JJ development_NN1 of_IO the_AT whaling_NN1 industry_NN1 ._. 

^ **'_" ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ in_II essence_NN1 a_AT1 whale_NN1 
harvesting_VVG agreement_NN1 ,_, and_CC for_IF most_DAT of_IO its_APPGE 
history_NN1 the_AT Commission_NNJ at_II its_APPGE annual_JJ meetings_NN2 
considered_VVD the_AT scientific_JJ advice_NN1 as_II21 to_II22 the_AT size_NN1 
and_CC state_NN1 of_IO the_AT different_JJ stocks_NN2 of_IO whales_NN2 in_II 
the_AT world_NN1 ,_, and_CC then_RT allocated_VVD the_AT quotas_NN2 to_TO 
be_VBI caught_VVN ._. 

^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 156+TEXT+F13_FO **]_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" *4_NULL I_PPIS1 *0_NULL swear_VV0 I_MC1 do_VD0 n't_XX 
know_VVI how_RRQ to_TO behave_VVI around_RP women_NN2 any_DD more_DAR !_! 
**"_" an_AT1 irate_JJ middle-aged_JJ male_NN1 complained_VVD to_II me_PPIO1 
recently_RR ._. 

^ *"_" ^_NULL Last_MD time_NNT1 I_PPIS1 opened_VVD a_AT1 door_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 
woman_NN1 ,_, she_PPHS1 scolded_VVD me_PPIO1 !_! **"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" Probably_RR it_PPH1 was_VBDZ more_RGR convenient_JJ 
for_IF her_PPHO1 to_TO open_VVI it_PPH1 for_IF herself_PPX1 ,_, **"_" I_PPIS1 
suggested_VVD ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" Well_RR ,_, I_PPIS1 do_VD0 n't_XX know_VVI *-_- but_II 
opening_VVG a_AT1 door_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 woman_NN1 is_VBZ *1_NULL good_JJ 
manners_NN2 ,_, **"_" *0_NULL he_PPHS1 replied_VVD ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Not_XX necessarily_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT robotlike_JJ behaviour_NN1 of_IO men_NN2 going_VVG through_II 
a_AT1 prescribed_JJ sequence_NN1 of_IO manoeuvres_NN2 without_IW 
considering_VVG what_DDQ good_JJ it_PPH1 does_VDZ the_AT recipient_NN1 no_RR21 
longer_RR22 earns_VVZ a_ZZ1 *"_" thank_VV0 you_PPY **"_" from_II women_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_MC1 recall_NN1 being_VBG taken_VVN on_RP a_AT1 tour_NN1 
of_IO a_AT1 brewery_NN1 ,_, over_RG narrow_JJ cat_NN1 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL -walks_NN2 ,_, through_II countless_JJ doors_NN2 
._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT manager_NN1 made_VVD me_PPIO1 go_NN1 first_MD ,_, then_RT 
at_II each_DD1 door_NN1 pushed_VVN past_II me_PPIO1 to_TO open_VVI the_AT 
door_NN1 ,_, then_RT I_PPIS1 had_VHD to_TO push_VVI past_II him_PPHO1 to_TO 
go_VVI through_RP ._. 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 said_VVD ,_, *"_" ^_NULL Please_RR go_VV0 first_MD and_CC 
lead_VV0 the_AT way_NN1 ._. **"_" 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ so_RG calcified_JJ by_II habit_NN1 that_CST 
he_PPHS1 could_VM not_XX behave_VVI logically_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL Furthermore_RR ,_, he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ probably_RR more_RGR worried_JJ 
about_II his_APPGE male_JJ peers_NN2 seeing_VVG him_PPHO1 go_VVI through_II 
the_AT right_JJ motions_NN2 than_CSN about_II making_VVG life_NN1 easier_RRR 
for_IF me_PPIO1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL A_AT1 woman_NN1 friend_NN1 tells_VVZ how_RRQ ,_, when_CS 
she_PPHS1 was_VBDZ very_RG efficiently_RR changing_VVG a_AT1 flat_JJ tyre_NN1 
,_, a_AT1 truck_NN1 drove_VVD up_RP ,_, a_AT1 man_NN1 got_VVD out_RP ,_, 
pushed_VVD her_PPHO1 aside_RL ,_, took_VVD the_AT tools_NN2 out_II21 of_II22 
her_APPGE hands_NN2 ,_, and_CC finished_VVD the_AT job_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 never_RR bothered_VVD to_TO ask_VVI ,_, *"_" ^_NULL Would_VM 
you_PPY like_VVI some_DD help_NN1 ?_? **"_" 

^ ^_NULL No_RR21 doubt_RR22 he_PPHS1 later_RRR complained_VVD to_II his_APPGE 
pub_NN1 mates_VVZ that_CST the_AT bloody_JJ woman_NN1 never_RR even_RR 
thanked_VVD him_PPHO1 !_! 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT best_JJT guideline_NN1 for_IF men_NN2 's_GE 
behaviour_NN1 toward_II women_NN2 *-_- indeed_RR ,_, for_IF anybody_PN1 's_GE 
behaviour_NN1 toward_II anybody_PN1 *-_- is_VBZ this_DD1 :_: ^_NULL Good_JJ 
manners_NN2 means_VVZ making_VVG life_NN1 easier_RRR or_CC more_RGR 
pleasant_JJ for_IF the_AT other_JJ person_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 has_VHZ nothing_PN1 to_TO do_VDI with_IW sex_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Nor_CC with_IW age_NN1 ,_, rank_NN1 ,_, income_NN1 ,_, power_NN1 ,_, 
authority_NN1 or_CC class_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Today_RT 's_GE superficial_JJ behaviour_NN1 originated_VVD 
at_II the_AT Court_NN1 of_IO France_NP1 in_II the_AT 18th_MD century_NNT1 ,_, 
peaking_VVG in_II 1775_MC during_II the_AT time_NNT1 of_IO *"_" Madame_NNB 
Etiquette_NP1 ,_, **"_" the_AT Comtesse_NP1 de_NP1 Noailles_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Highborn_JJ ladies_NN2 wore_VVD ridiculous_JJ costumes_NN2 *-_- 
enormous_JJ skirts_NN2 ,_, shoes_NN2 impossible_JJ to_TO walk_VVI in_RP ,_, 
tight_JJ corsets_NN2 *-_- to_TO show_VVI they_PPHS2 never_RR worked_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL And_CC palace_NN1 doors_NN2 were_VBDR great_JJ heavy_JJ chunks_NN2 
of_IO wood_NN1 that_CST required_VVD two_MC footmen_NN2 to_TO open_VVI ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT world_NN1 has_VHZ changed_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL Debrett_NP1 's_GE 1982_MC edition_NN1 of_IO *1_NULL Etiquette_NN1 
and_CC Modern_JJ Manners_NN2 *0_NULL says_VVZ about_II the_AT door_NN1 
question_NN1 ,_, *"_" ^_NULL If_CS he_PPHS1 happens_VVZ to_TO reach_VVI the_AT 
door_NN1 first_MD ,_, the_AT courtesy_NN1 of_IO opening_VVG it_PPH1 for_IF 
her_PPHO1 will_VM be_VBI appreciated_VVN ,_, but_CCB if_CS she_PPHS1 
reaches_VVZ the_AT door_NN1 first_MD ,_, she_PPHS1 will_VM quite_RG likely_JJ 
open_JJ it_PPH1 for_IF him_PPHO1 ._. **"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL As_CSA Moncreiffe_NP1 and_CC Pottinger_NP1 observed_VVD in_II 
their_APPGE book_NN1 *1_NULL Simple_JJ Custom_NN1 ,_, *0_NULL about_II the_AT 
English_NN1 imitating_VVG the_AT French_NN1 ,_, *"_" ^_NULL Strict_JJ 
rules_NN2 of_IO behaviour_NN1 became_VVD a_AT1 tortuously_RR artificial_JJ 
substitute_NN1 for_IF the_AT straightforward_JJ expression_NN1 of_IO good_JJ 
nature_NN1 ._. **"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL About_II the_AT only_JJ reason_NN1 men_NN2 no_RR21 longer_RR22 
lift_VV0 their_APPGE hats_NN2 to_II women_NN2 is_VBZ that_CST men_NN2 no_RR21 
longer_RR22 wear_VV0 hats_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ a_AT1 useless_JJ custom_NN1 !_! 

^ ^_NULL According_II21 to_II22 \_NULL R._NP1 Brasch_NP1 in_II his_APPGE 
history_NN1 of_IO manners_NN2 ,_, *1_NULL How_RRQ Did_VDD It_PPH1 Begin_NP1 
?_? ,_, 

^ *0_NULL the_AT custom_NN1 came_VVD from_II knights_NN2 lifting_VVG 
their_APPGE visors_NN2 ,_, and_CC later_RRR removing_VVG helmets_NN2 
completely_RR ,_, to_TO show_VVI *"_" man_NN1 has_VHZ nothing_PN1 to_TO 
fear_VVI from_II a_AT1 mere_JJ woman_NN1 ._. **"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" But_CCB as_II a_AT1 custom_NN1 is_VBZ necessarily_RR 
a_AT1 limitation_NN1 on_II freedom_NN1 of_IO action_NN1 ,_, if_CS not_XX on_II 
freedom_NN1 of_IO thought_NN1 ,_, **"_" observe_VV0 Moncreiffe_NP1 and_CC 
Pottinger_NP1 ,_, *"_" it_PPH1 may_VM hamper_VVI civilisation_NN1 by_II 
its_APPGE rigid_JJ misapplication_NN1 in_II parrot_NN1 rules_NN2 ,_, unless_CS 
it_PPH1 is_VBZ understood_VVN ._. **"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 asked_VVD a_AT1 boy_NN1 attending_VVG a_AT1 
prestigious_JJ private_JJ school_NN1 whether_CSW he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ being_VBG 
taught_VVN to_TO treat_VVI females_NN2 differently_RR from_II males_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Yes_UH ,_, he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ ._. 

^ ^_NULL For_REX21 example_REX22 ?_? 

^ ^_NULL Men_NN2 should_VM walk_VVI on_II the_AT outside_II21 of_II22 
women_NN2 on_II footpaths_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Why_RRQ ?_? 

^ ^_NULL Because_CS in_II olden_JJ days_NNT2 roads_NN2 were_VBDR unpaved_JJ 
and_CC threw_VVD up_RP mud_NN1 on_II ladies_NN2 '_GE clothes_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL But_CCB this_DD1 is_VBZ 1985_MC and_CC cars_NN2 on_II city_NN1 
streets_NN2 rarely_RR splash_VV0 mud_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Yes_UH ,_, well_RR ..._... and_CC it_PPH1 is_VBZ very_RG annoying_JJ 
to_II a_AT1 woman_NN1 to_TO have_VHI the_AT man_NN1 ducking_VVG behind_II 
her_PPHO1 to_TO get_VVI to_II the_AT other_JJ side_NN1 when_RRQ they_PPHS2 
turn_VV0 corners_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II Italy_NP1 ,_, the_AT rule_NN1 is_VBZ reversed_VVN :_: men_NN2 
walk_VV0 on_II the_AT inside_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Furthermore_RR ,_, what_DDQ good_RR does_VDZ it_PPH1 do_VDI the_AT 
woman_NN1 ?_? 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL At_II this_DD1 point_NN1 the_AT boy_NN1 's_VBZ father_NN1 
burst_VVD in_RP with_IW ,_, *"_" ^_NULL I_PPIS1 do_VD0 n't_XX give_VVI a_AT1 
damn_NN1 what_DDQ good_JJ it_PPH1 does_VDZ the_AT woman_NN1 !_! 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 's_VBZ good_JJ manners_NN2 !_! **"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Men_NN2 who_PNQS persistently_RR ridicule_VV0 women_NN2 and_CC 
laugh_VV0 at_II their_APPGE ideas_NN2 ,_, who_PNQS are_VBR unable_JJ to_TO 
discuss_VVI logically_RR any_DD women_NN2 's_GE right_JJ **[_NULL sic_RR 
**]_NULL issues_NN2 (_( or_CC manners_NN2 )_) ,_, who_PNQS use_VV0 sexist_NN1 
language_NN1 ,_, ignore_VV0 women_NN2 's_GE opinions_NN2 on_II committees_NNJ2 
and_CC boards_NN2 but_CCB ask_VV0 them_PPHO2 to_TO make_VVI the_AT tea_NN1 ,_, 
who_PNQS refuse_VV0 women_NN2 *"_" men_NN2 's_GE jobs_NN2 **"_" and_CC 
sneer_NN1 at_II their_APPGE abilities_NN2 ,_, who_PNQS boast_VV0 that_CST 
they_PPHS2 are_VBR *"_" male_JJ chauvinist_NN1 sexist_NN1 and_CC proud_JJ 
of_IO it_PPH1 !_! **"_" are_VBR invariably_RR the_AT ones_NN2 who_PNQS 
stand_VV0 up_RP when_RRQ a_AT1 woman_NN1 enters_VVZ a_AT1 room_NN1 ,_, let_VVD 
women_NN2 go_VVI first_MD into_II lifts_NN2 ,_, kiss_VV0 their_APPGE hand_NN1 
and_CC employ_VV0 a_AT1 smokescreen_NN1 of_IO meaningless_JJ courtesies_NN2 
to_TO hide_VVI a_AT1 basic_JJ contempt_NN1 for_IF women_NN2 under_II the_AT 
guise_NN1 of_IO *"_" showing_VVG respect_NN1 ._. **"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT problem_NN1 of_IO how_RRQ to_TO behave_VVI is_VBZ 
usually_RR approached_VVN from_II the_AT wrong_JJ viewpoint_NN1 :_: sex_NN1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT question_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX ,_, *"_" should_VM a_AT1 man_NN1 
give_VVI up_RP his_APPGE seat_NN1 on_II a_AT1 bus_NN1 to_II a_AT1 woman_NN1 
?_? **"_" because_CS the_AT shape_NN1 of_IO the_AT genitals_NN2 is_VBZ 
irrelevant_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Ask_VV0 instead_RR ,_, *"_" ^_NULL When_RRQ should_VM one_MC1 
human_JJ being_NN1 give_VV0 up_RP a_AT1 bus_NN1 seat_NN1 to_II another_DD1 
human_JJ being_NN1 ?_? **"_" 

^ ^_NULL Answer_NN1 :_: ^_NULL When_CS the_AT one_MC1 standing_NN1 is_VBZ 
infirm_JJ ,_, crippled_VVD ,_, sick_JJ ,_, obviously_RR tired_JJ ,_, or_CC 
carrying_VVG something_PN1 heavy_JJ ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL At_II one_MC1 private_JJ boys_NN2 '_GE school_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 
fed-up_JJ teacher_NN1 assigned_VVN the_AT class_NN1 to_TO make_VVI a_AT1 
list_NN1 of_IO good_JJ manners_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL One_MC1 student_NN1 's_VBZ list_NN1 concentrated_VVD on_II things_NN2 
like_II *"_" wear_NN1 table_NN1 napkin_NN1 ..._... do_VD0 n't_XX pick_VVI 
your_APPGE nose_NN1 ..._... do_VD0 n't_XX argue_VVI with_IW umpires_NN2 
..._... be_VBI kind_NN1 to_II your_APPGE sister_NN1 ..._... after_CS the_AT 
party_NN you_PPY must_VM take_VVI the_AT girl_NN1 you_PPY took_VVD out_RP 
home_RL **"_" and_RR31 so_RR32 on_RR33 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Why_RRQ ?_? 

^ *"_" ^_NULL If_CS we_PPIS2 did_VDD n't_XX have_VHI manners_NN2 ,_, 
everything_PN1 would_VM be_VBI sloppy_JJ ._. **"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT concept_NN1 of_IO consideration_NN1 for_IF others_NN2 
does_VDZ not_XX enter_VVI into_II this_DD1 boy_NN1 's_VBZ understanding_VVG 
._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT future_NN1 ,_, when_CS he_PPHS1 comes_VVZ up_RP 
against_II a_AT1 situation_NN1 not_XX covered_VVN by_II rules_NN2 ,_, he_PPHS1 
will_VM not_XX know_VVI how_RRQ to_TO behave_VVI ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II contrast_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 nearby_JJ primary_JJ school_NN1 
has_VHZ begun_VVN a_AT1 good_JJ manners_NN2 programme_NN1 ,_, much_RR 
appreciated_VVD by_II parents_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT principal_NN1 says_VVZ it_PPH1 is_VBZ entirely_RR based_VVN 
on_II thoughtfulness_NN1 for_IF others_NN2 regardless_RR of_IO sex_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 adds_VVZ that_CST the_AT national_JJ curriculum_NN1 now_RT 
concentrates_VVZ on_II good_JJ interpersonal_JJ relations_NN2 ,_, with_IW 
emphasis_NN1 on_II the_AT question_NN1 :_: *"_" ^_NULL Why_RRQ do_VD0 
people_NN feel_VV0 and_CC think_VV0 and_CC act_VV0 the_AT way_NN1 they_PPHS2 
do_VD0 ?_? **"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Adults_NN2 will_VM find_VVI it_PPH1 hard_RR to_TO break_VVI 
out_II21 of_II22 their_APPGE straitjackets_NN2 of_IO habit_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Women_NN2 can_VM help_VVI men_NN2 by_II quietly_RR reminding_VVG 
them_PPHO2 that_DD1 certain_JJ behaviour_NN1 does_VDZ no_AT good_JJ and_CC 
perpetuates_VVZ the_AT myth_NN1 of_IO females_NN2 as_CSA helpless_JJ and_CC 
dependent_JJ ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Men_NN2 must_VM wrench_VVI their_APPGE minds_NN2 off_II 
sex_NN1 long_RR enough_RR to_TO ask_VVI ,_, *"_" ^_NULL How_RRQ can_VM I_PPIS1 
make_VVI life_NN1 easier_RRR or_CC more_RGR pleasant_JJ for_IF this_DD1 
other_JJ person_NN1 ?_? **"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Debrett_NP1 sums_VVZ it_PPH1 up_RP :_: *"_" ^_NULL The_AT 
attributes_NN2 a_AT1 well-mannered_JJ person_NN1 should_VM nurture_VVI in_II 
himself_PPX1 or_CC herself_PPX1 are_VBR an_AT1 awareness_NN1 of_IO the_AT 
needs_NN2 and_CC moods_NN2 of_IO others_NN2 ._. **"_" 

^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Staff_NN motivation_NN1 *-_- it_PPH1 all_DB boils_VVZ 
down_RP to_II enthusiasm_NN1 *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Staff_NN motivation_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 major_JJ 
concern_NN1 for_IF many_DA2 companies_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 spend_VV0 a_AT1 lot_NN of_IO time_NNT1 complaining_VVG 
about_II the_AT lack_NN1 of_IO it_PPH1 *-_- *"_" ^_NULL Jack_NP1 is_VBZ n't_XX 
motivated_VVN **"_" ,_, *"_" ^_NULL Jill_NP1 is_VBZ demotivated_VVN **"_" ,_, 
*"_" if_CS only_RR all_DB the_AT staff_NN were_VBDR as_RG motivated_JJ as_CSA 
Eric_NP1 **"_" ._. 

^ ^_NULL Sales_NNJ managers_NN2 crave_VV0 it_PPH1 *-_- *"_" well_RR 
motivated_JJ sales_NN2 **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL -person_NN1 required_VVD ,_, 
must_VM be_VBI a_AT1 self-starter_NN1 **"_" ._. 

^ ^_NULL Millions_NNO2 of_IO dollars_NNU2 are_VBR spent_VVN on_II 
motivational_JJ courses_NN2 ,_, but_CCB in_II the_AT long_JJ run_NN1 most_DAT 
attempts_NN2 at_II motivating_VVG staff_NN fail_VV0 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Christchurch_NP1 management_NN consultant_NN1 *4_NULL Keith_NP1 
McIlroy_NP1 *0_NULL looks_VVZ at_II why_RRQ this_DD1 is_VBZ the_AT case_NN1 
and_CC suggests_VVZ that_CST the_AT solution_NN1 may_VM be_VBI simpler_JJR 
than_CSN you_PPY think_VV0 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL The_AT basic_JJ philosophy_NN1 of_IO staff_NN 
motivation_NN1 has_VHZ not_XX changed_VVN since_II life_NN1 began_VVD ._. 

^ ^_NULL What_DDQ has_VHZ changed_VVN ,_, is_VBZ the_AT sociological_JJ 
environment_NN1 in_II which_DDQ people_NN work_VV0 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Sticks_NN2 and_CC carrots_NN2 did_VDD work_VVI when_RRQ loss_NN1 
of_IO job_NN1 meant_VVD starvation_NN1 and_CC more_DAR money_NN1 meant_VVD 
more_DAR meat_NN1 ,_, but_CCB in_II today_RT 's_GE society_NN we_PPIS2 
have_VH0 to_TO use_VVI more_RGR subtle_JJ techniques_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT motivation_NN1 of_IO staff_NN is_VBZ simplicity_NN1 
itself_PPX1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL What_DDQ is_VBZ difficult_JJ is_VBZ looking_VVG for_IF ,_, and_CC 
correcting_VVG ,_, attitudes_NN2 and_CC practices_NN2 of_IO managers_NN2 
and_CC companies_NN2 which_DDQ destroy_VV0 such_DA motivation_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL What_DDQ we_PPIS2 are_VBR looking_VVG for_IF is_VBZ 
enthusiasm_NN1 ,_, (_( dictionary_NN1 definition_NN1 *-_- passionate_JJ 
eagerness_NN1 ,_, zeal_NN1 ,_, fervour_NN1 in_II a_AT1 cause_NN1 ,_, hearty_JJ 
service_NN1 )_) ._. 

^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 want_VV0 our_APPGE staff_NN to_TO be_VBI enthusiastic_JJ 
about_II our_APPGE products_NN2 ,_, about_II our_APPGE services_NN2 ,_, 
about_II our_APPGE company_NN1 and_CC possibly_RR ,_, even_RR about_II 
ourselves_PPX2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL What_DDQ do_VD0 staff_VVI and_CC managers_NN2 therefore_RR 
need_VVI to_TO feel_VVI enthusiastic_JJ about_II your_APPGE organisation_NN1 
and_CC about_II you_PPY ?_? 

^ ^_NULL The_AT simple_JJ answer_NN1 is_VBZ that_CST they_PPHS2 need_VV0 
you_PPY to_TO feel_VVI enthusiastic_JJ about_II them_PPHO2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 obviously_RR helps_VVZ if_CS your_APPGE organisation_NN1 
has_VHZ reasonably_RR high_JJ ideals_NN2 ,_, but_CCB even_RR the_AT Mafia_NP1 
has_VHZ enthusiastic_JJ staff_NN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Expressing_NP1 enthusiasm_NN1 about_II your_APPGE staff_NN 
and_CC your_APPGE managers_NN2 brings_VVZ us_PPIO2 to_II the_AT first_MD of_IO 
two_MC important_JJ words_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL *2_NULL CARE_NN1 (_( *0_NULL definition_NN1 *-_- feel_VV0 concern_NN1 
or_CC interest_NN1 )_) is_VBZ a_AT1 word_NN1 used_VVN continually_RR in_II 
an_AT1 article_NN1 by_II Colin_NP1 Marshall_NP1 ,_, chief_JJ executive_NN 
of_IO British_JJ Airways_NN2 (_( *1_NULL Management_NN ,_, *0_NULL 
October_NPM1 ,_, 1985_MC )_) ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ so_RG refreshing_JJ to_TO see_VVI such_DA an_AT1 
esteemed_JJ member_NN1 of_IO the_AT super_JJ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL 
-executive_JJ club_NN using_VVG such_DA personal_JJ and_CC emotive_JJ 
words_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Caring_VVG for_IF your_APPGE managers_NN2 and_CC caring_VVG for_IF 
your_APPGE staff_NN is_VBZ the_AT key_NN1 to_II producing_VVG an_AT1 
enthusiastic_JJ team_NN ._. 

^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL As_CSA one_PN1 gets_VVZ higher_JJR 
up_II the_AT corporate_JJ ladder_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 becomes_VVZ more_DAR and_CC 
more_RGR difficult_JJ to_TO retain_VVI basic_JJ human_JJ emotional_JJ 
responses_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Executives_NN2 are_VBR conditioned_VVN to_TO behave_VVI like_II a_AT1 
cross_NN1 between_II an_AT1 {_NULL IBM_NP }_NULL 3600_MC and_CC a_AT1 
senior_JJ member_NN1 of_IO the_AT diplomatic_JJ corps_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 are_VBR expected_VVN to_TO respond_VVI in_II a_AT1 
totally_RR controlled_JJ manner_NN1 and_CC any_DD individuals_NN2 who_PNQS 
do_VD0 not_XX conform_VVI have_VH0 to_TO have_VHI a_AT1 hallmark_NN1 of_IO 
eccentric_JJ genius_NN1 attached_VVD to_II them_PPHO2 in_BCL21 order_BCL22 
to_TO succeed_VVI ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL We_PPIS2 tend_VV0 to_TO be_VBI very_RG boring_JJ people_NN ,_, 
at_RR21 least_RR22 for_IF the_AT time_NNT1 we_PPIS2 are_VBR at_II work_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 tend_VV0 to_TO shut_VVI out_RP emotional_JJ responses_NN2 
,_, we_PPIS2 are_VBR conditioned_VVN to_TO look_VVI only_RR at_II results_NN2 
and_CC we_PPIS2 slot_VV0 our_APPGE managers_NN2 and_CC our_APPGE staff_NN 
into_II prejudged_JJ roles_NN2 without_IW caring_VVG for_IF the_AT 
individual_NN1 beneath_II it_PPH1 all_DB ._. 

^ ^_NULL Is_VBZ it_PPH1 surprising_JJ that_CST we_PPIS2 have_VH0 such_DA 
unenthusiastic_JJ workers_NN2 ?_? 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Yet_RR ,_, if_CS you_PPY look_VV0 at_II the_AT managers_NN2 
who_PNQS are_VBR directly_RR responsible_JJ for_IF people_NN it_PPH1 is_VBZ 
soon_RR apparent_JJ that_CST the_AT ones_NN2 who_PNQS always_RR get_VV0 the_AT 
best_JJT out_II21 of_II22 their_APPGE subordinates_NN2 are_VBR the_AT ones_NN2 
who_PNQS care_VV0 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO care_VVI about_II people_NN you_PPY 
have_VH0 to_TO care_VVI about_II them_PPHO2 as_CSA individuals_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL You_PPY have_VH0 to_TO care_VVI about_II their_APPGE health_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL You_PPY have_VH0 to_TO care_VVI about_II their_APPGE family_NN ._. 

^ ^_NULL You_PPY have_VH0 to_TO care_VVI about_II their_APPGE overall_JJ 
happiness_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ often_RR the_AT trivial_JJ details_NN2 that_DD1 
show_NN1 whether_CSW31 or_CSW32 not_CSW33 a_AT1 manager_NN1 really_RR 
cares_VVZ for_IF his_APPGE or_CC her_APPGE staff_NN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL If_CS you_PPY limit_VV0 your_APPGE caring_NN1 to_II the_AT 
quality_NN1 and_CC quantity_NN1 of_IO work_NN1 that_CST they_PPHS2 are_VBR 
producing_VVG ,_, you_PPY are_VBR seeing_VVG them_PPHO2 as_II an_AT1 *"_" 
employee_NN1 **"_" ,_, as_II a_AT1 tool_NN1 to_TO be_VBI used_VVN for_IF 
maximum_JJ efficiency_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL If_CS you_PPY care_VV0 about_II the_AT trivia_NN1 in_II their_APPGE 
lives_NN2 ,_, you_PPY are_VBR seeing_VVG them_PPHO2 as_II a_AT1 human_JJ 
being_NN1 ,_, an_AT1 individual_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Caring_VVG for_IF your_APPGE staff_NN is_VBZ n't_XX easy_JJ 
._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 takes_VVZ a_AT1 lot_NN of_IO time_NNT1 and_CC you_PPY must_VM 
always_RR be_VBI wary_JJ of_IO overstepping_VVG the_AT mark_NN1 and_CC 
becoming_VVG a_AT1 social_JJ worker_NN1 rather_II21 than_II22 a_AT1 boss_NN1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB the_AT art_NN1 of_IO caring_NN1 is_VBZ far_RR simpler_JJR 
to_TO understand_VVI and_CC operate_VVI than_CSN Hawthorne_NP1 Experiments_NN2 
,_, Theory_NN1 X_ZZ1 and_CC Theory_NN1 Y_ZZ1 ,_, management_NN by_II 
objectives_NN2 ,_, *"_" Excellence_NN1 **"_" or_CC any_DD other_NN1 of_IO 
the_AT motivational_JJ theories_NN2 which_DDQ reappear_VV0 every_AT1 
decade_NNT1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Caring_VVG for_IF your_APPGE people_NN ,_, will_VM show_VVI 
them_PPHO2 that_CST you_PPY are_VBR enthusiastic_JJ about_II them_PPHO2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 ,_, in_II turn_NN1 ,_, will_VM make_VVI them_PPHO2 feel_VVI 
enthusiastic_JJ about_II you_PPY and_CC your_APPGE organisation_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Unfortunately_RR caring_VVG ,_, itself_PPX1 ,_, is_VBZ not_XX 
sufficient_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL *"_" That_DD1 is_VBZ n't_XX fair_JJ !_! **"_" is_VBZ a_AT1 phrase_NN1 
that_CST is_VBZ rarely_RR heard_VVN from_II employees_NN2 ,_, but_CCB 
which_DDQ is_VBZ almost_RR permanently_RR on_II their_APPGE lips_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL *2_NULL FAIR_JJ (_( *0_NULL definition_NN1 *-_- just_RR ,_, 
equitable_JJ )_) is_VBZ an_AT1 easy_JJ word_NN1 to_TO say_VVI but_II a_AT1 
very_RG difficult_JJ one_PN1 to_TO cope_VVI with_IW ._. 

^ ^_NULL Fairness_NP1 and_CC justice_NN1 (_( definition_NN1 *-_- correct_JJ 
,_, proper_JJ ,_, right_RR )_) are_VBR two_MC words_NN2 that_CST are_VBR 
frequently_RR absent_JJ from_II the_AT vocabulary_NN1 ,_, or_CC even_RR the_AT 
thoughts_NN2 ,_, of_IO larger_JJR organisations_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Yet_RR without_IW them_PPHO2 ,_, there_EX can_VM be_VBI no_AT 
prolonged_JJ enthusiasm_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ no_RR denying_VVG that_DD1 business_NN1 itself_PPX1 
is_VBZ unfair_JJ and_CC unjust_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Much_DA1 of_IO business_NN1 practice_NN1 is_VBZ cut-throat_JJ and_CC 
ruthless_JJ and_CC that_DD1 is_VBZ something_PN1 that_CST will_VM be_VBI 
impossible_JJ to_TO correct_VVI ,_, even_CS21 if_CS22 it_PPH1 was_VBDZ 
desirable_JJ to_TO do_VDI so_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL You_PPY do_VD0 not_XX expect_VVI your_APPGE competitors_NN2 to_TO 
feel_VVI enthusiastic_JJ about_II your_APPGE company_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Therefore_RR ,_, how_RRQ fair_JJ or_CC just_RR you_PPY are_VBR to_II 
them_PPHO2 is_VBZ a_AT1 matter_NN1 for_IF your_APPGE own_DA conscience_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Unfortunately_RR ,_, this_DD1 attitude_NN1 rubs_VVZ off_RP 
onto_II dealings_NN2 with_IW your_APPGE managers_NN2 and_CC staff_NN ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ for_IF this_DD1 reason_NN1 ,_, and_CC this_DD1 
reason_NN1 alone_JJ ,_, that_CST most_DAT motivational_JJ effort_NN1 comes_VVZ 
to_II no_AT avail_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL You_PPY can_VM not_XX expect_VVI staff_NN to_TO feel_VVI 
enthusiastic_JJ about_II you_PPY ,_, or_CC your_APPGE organisation_NN1 ,_, 
if_CS your_APPGE practices_NN2 are_VBR unfair_JJ or_CC unjust_JJ ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Senior_JJ managers_NN2 are_VBR all_DB capable_JJ people_NN 
who_PNQS ,_, quite_RG naturally_RR they_PPHS2 think_VV0 ,_, receive_VV0 
certain_JJ unofficial_JJ benefits_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 are_VBR not_XX talking_VVG about_II official_JJ benefits_NN2 
,_, {_NULL eg_REX }_NULL company_NN1 cars_NN2 ,_, expense_NN1 accounts_NN2 ,_, 
although_CS many_DA2 of_IO these_DD2 are_VBR also_RR unjust_JJ ._. 

^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 157+TEXT+F14_FO **]_NULL 

^ ^_NULL *0_NULL Our_APPGE masculinity_NN1 and_CC sexuality_NN1 ,_, the_AT 
concerns_NN2 of_IO this_DD1 paper_NN1 ,_, do_VD0 not_XX fit_VVI neatly_RR 
into_II a_AT1 logical_JJ line_NN1 of_IO argument_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Rather_RR ,_, our_APPGE reality_NN1 is_VBZ alive_JJ with_IW 
ghosts_NN2 ,_, paradoxes_NN2 and_CC dilemmas_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL To_TO begin_VVI with_IW ,_, what_DDQ are_VBR these_DD2 
things_NN2 called_VVN men_NN2 ?_? 

^ ^_NULL During_II this_DD1 year_NNT1 's_GE election_NN1 campaign_NN1 ,_, 
Muldoon_NP1 referred_VVD to_II a_AT1 televised_JJ debate_NN1 as_CSA *"_" 
sorting_VVG the_AT men_NN2 from_II the_AT boys_NN2 **"_" (_( Morning_NNT1 
Report_NN1 ,_, 1984_MC )_) ,_, so_RG maybe_RR men_NN2 are_VBR not_XX boys_NN2 
._. 

^ ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ currently_RR an_AT1 advertisement_NN1 promoting_VVG 
televised_JJ rugby_NN1 that_CST goes_VVZ *"_" ^_NULL I_PPIS1 'm_VBM a_AT1 
rugby_NN1 man_NN1 ,_, a_RR31 little_RR32 bit_RR33 rough_JJ ,_, a_RR31 
little_RR32 bit_RR33 tough_JJ **"_" ;_; then_RT it_PPH1 says_VVZ to_TO 
watch_VVI the_AT game_NN1 *"_" if_CS you_PPY can_VM **"_" (_( there_EX 
being_VBG more_RRR than_CSN a_AT1 simple_JJ rhyme_NN1 here_RL )_) ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Biologically_NP1 ,_, masculinity_NN1 is_VBZ testosterone_NN1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL Socially_RR it_PPH1 means_VVZ much_DA1 more_DAR ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ the_AT subject_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 long_JJ term_NN1 
debate_NN1 about_II biological_JJ versus_II social_JJ determination_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II our_APPGE modern_JJ ,_, technological_JJ world_NN1 we_PPIS2 
claim_VV0 to_TO be_VBI in_II control_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE destiny_NN1 ;_; 
we_PPIS2 do_VD0 not_XX see_VVI ourselves_PPX2 as_CSA just_RR some_DD 
biological_JJ phenomenon_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 are_VBR civilised_JJ ,_, highly_RR evolved_VVD ,_, and_CC 
a_AT1 long_JJ way_NN1 from_II being_VBG animals_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 belief_NN1 in_II evolution_NN1 is_VBZ ,_, after_II all_DB 
,_, one_MC1 of_IO the_AT fundamentals_NN2 of_IO racism_NN1 ,_, be_VBI it_PPH1 
Hitler_NP1 's_GE Aryan_JJ supremacy_NN1 theory_NN1 or_CC New_NP Zealand_NP1 
's_GE particular_JJ form_NN1 of_IO pakeha_NP1 patronisation_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 view_NN1 is_VBZ in_II contrast_NN1 with_IW the_AT notion_NN1 
that_CST sexually_RR men_NN2 are_VBR subject_II21 to_II22 uncontrollable_JJ 
natural_JJ urges_NN2 that_CST have_VH0 to_TO be_VBI realised_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL Our_APPGE final_JJ call_NN1 of_IO the_AT wild_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Not_XX much_DA1 civilization_NN1 there_RL ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL A_AT1 social_JJ or_CC behavioural_JJ definition_NN1 of_IO 
masculinity_NN1 invariably_RR involves_VVZ the_AT notion_NN1 of_IO men_NN2 
being_VBG powerful_JJ ,_, ranging_VVG from_II the_AT feminist_NN1 
generalisation_NN1 that_CST *"_" men_NN2 are_VBR oppressors_NN2 **"_" to_II 
the_AT right_JJ wing_NN1 view_NN1 that_CST *"_" men_NN2 should_VM be_VBI in_II 
control_NN1 **"_" ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ the_AT same_DA definition_NN1 ,_, really_RR ,_, 
although_CS the_AT interpretation_NN1 differs_VVZ ,_, depending_II21 on_II22 
your_APPGE sense_NN1 of_IO justice_NN1 for_IF women_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Much_RR recent_JJ research_NN1 shows_VVZ that_CST men_NN2 
are_VBR more_RGR aggressive_JJ than_CSN women_NN2 from_II as_RG early_RR 
as_CSA two_MC years_NNT2 old_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 are_VBR better_JJR spatial_JJ thinkers_NN2 ,_, less_RGR 
expressive_JJ of_IO emotions_NN2 ,_, more_RGR competitive_JJ and_CC seek_VV0 
more_DAR control_NN1 of_IO situations_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 also_RR suffer_VV0 more_DAR from_II dyslexia_NN1 and_CC 
die_VV0 earlier_RRR than_CSN women_NN2 ,_, often_RR from_II accidents_NN2 
and_CC stress-related_JJ illnesses_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT traditional_JJ masculine_JJ stereotype_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT *"_" 
unemotional_JJ ,_, dominant_JJ ,_, ruggedly_RR independent_JJ ,_, 
competitive_JJ ,_, achieving_VVG ,_, stoical_JJ ,_, forceful_JJ ,_, 
decision-making_NN1 ,_, competent_JJ and_CC unfailing_JJ breadwinner_NN1 ._. 
**"_" 

^ (_( For_IF Men_NN2 Collective_JJ ,_, 1983_MC )_) ._. 

^ ^_NULL As_II a_AT1 young_JJ man_NN1 growing_VVG up_RP in_II New_NP 
Zealand_NP1 ,_, I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ subjected_VVN to_II all_DB the_AT 
socialisation_NN1 to_TO conform_VVI to_II this_DD1 stereotype_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL My_APPGE dilemma_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN like_II that_DD1 of_IO many_DA2 
men_NN2 *-_- having_VHG received_VVN these_DD2 messages_NN2 about_II what_DDQ 
I_PPIS1 should_VM be_VBI ,_, yet_RR feeling_VVG I_PPIS1 am_VBM more_RGR 
complex_JJ ,_, more_RGR subtle_JJ and_CC much_RR more_RGR human_JJ than_CSN 
that_DD1 image_NN1 suggests_VVZ ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT ghost_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 stereotype_NN1 is_VBZ something_PN1 
that_CST lives_VVZ in_II men_NN2 's_GE souls_NN2 ,_, though_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL Whether_CSW we_PPIS2 conform_VV0 to_II it_PPH1 or_CC not_XX ,_, 
we_PPIS2 have_VH0 to_TO deal_VVI with_IW it_PPH1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL A_AT1 recent_JJ sociological_JJ study_NN1 of_IO New_NP 
Zealand_NP1 men_NN2 ,_, *1_NULL The_AT Jones_NP1 Men_NN2 *0_NULL (_( 1983_MC 
)_) ,_, found_VVD the_AT Kiwi_NN1 male_NN1 to_TO be_VBI one_MC1 of_IO three_MC 
types_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT first_MD was_VBDZ a_AT1 *"_" Goer_NN1 **"_" ,_, *"_" men_NN2 
who_PNQS had_VHD been_VBN successful_JJ **"_" in_II the_AT traditional_JJ 
way_NN1 ,_, the_AT ambitious_JJ ,_, breadwinning_VVG worker_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 was_VBDZ the_AT second_MD largest_JJT group_NN of_IO the_AT 
study_NN1 ,_, while_CS the_AT smallest_JJT group_NN were_VBDR the_AT *"_" 
Introverts_NN2 **"_" ,_, those_DD2 who_PNQS did_VDD not_XX live_VVI up_II21 
to_II22 the_AT confident_JJ ,_, insensitive_JJ stereotype_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT biggest_JJT group_NN ,_, the_AT solid_JJ centre_NN1 of_IO 
the_AT Jones_NP1 Men_NN2 ,_, were_VBDR the_AT *'_" Easy_JJ Goers_NN2 **'_" ,_, 
who_PNQS *"_" expressed_VVD pride_NN1 in_II being_VBG tolerant_JJ ,_, 
flexible_JJ and_CC accommodating_VVG **"_" (_( \_NULL p.165_FO )_) ,_, not_XX 
exactly_RR the_AT stereotype_NN1 of_IO always_RR being_VBG aggressively_RR 
right_JJ ,_, but_CCB not_XX too_RG different_JJ from_II the_AT stereotype_NN1 
,_, either_DD1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Jones_NP1 men_NN2 dealt_VVN with_IW their_APPGE 
socialisation_NN1 in_II a_AT1 variety_NN1 of_IO ways_NN2 ,_, the_AT most_RGT 
common_JJ being_NN1 to_TO become_VVI *"_" easy-going_JJ **"_" ,_, though_CS 
there_EX was_VBDZ a_AT1 certain_JJ ambivalence_NN1 about_II this_DD1 :_: 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL In_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 the_AT 
socialisation_NN1 into_II traditional_JJ masculine_JJ values_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ 
are_VBR generally_RR the_AT values_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 male-dominated_JJ 
capitalist_NN1 western_JJ culture_NN1 ,_, is_VBZ in_II conflict_NN1 with_IW 
particular_JJ Kiwi_NN1 values_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL To_TO compete_VVI ,_, be_VBI it_PPH1 in_II the_AT workforce_NN1 or_CC 
on_II the_AT sports_NN2 field_NN1 ,_, is_VBZ in_II conflict_NN1 with_IW the_AT 
Kiwi_NN1 male_JJ ethos_NN1 of_IO being_VBG a_AT1 decent_JJ ,_, co-operative_JJ 
joker_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Being_VBG the_AT ruggedly_RR independent_JJ Man_NN1 Alone_RR does_VDZ 
not_XX go_VVI with_IW being_VBG a_AT1 good_JJ mate_NN1 or_CC being_VBG *"_" 
one_MC1 of_IO the_AT team_NN **"_" ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Herb_NN1 Goldberg_NP1 ,_, an_AT1 American_JJ psychologist_NN1 
,_, claims_VVZ in_II his_APPGE book_NN1 ,_, *1_NULL The_AT New_JJ Male_NN1 
*0_NULL (_( 1979_MC )_) that_CST :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Men_NN2 
are_VBR simply_RR not_XX women_NN2 ,_, not_XX girls_NN2 ,_, not_XX boys_NN2 
,_, and_CC certainly_RR not_XX poofters_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ definition_NN1 by_II what_DDQ men_NN2 are_VBR not_XX 
._. 

^ ^_NULL As_CSA one_MC1 of_IO the_AT Jones_NP1 men_NN2 said_VVD ,_, *"_" 
^_NULL There_EX 's_VBZ some_DD things_NN2 ,_, being_VBG a_AT1 man_NN1 ,_, 
I_PPIS1 *1_NULL would_VM n't_XX *0_NULL like_VVI to_TO do_VDI ..._... like_II 
the_AT cooking_NN1 ,_, or_CC the_AT housework_NN1 ._. **"_" 

^ ^_NULL Yin_NP1 only_RR because_CS it_PPH1 is_VBZ not_XX Yang_NP1 ,_, the_AT 
opposite_JJ sex_NN1 of_IO women_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL So_RR much_DA1 energy_NN1 goes_VVZ into_II being_VBG the_AT one_MC1 
thing_NN1 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 tough_JJ ,_, sexually_RR potent_JJ and_CC 
manly_JJ to_TO prove_VVI that_CST a_AT1 man_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX the_AT 
opposite_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ questionable_JJ how_RRQ wise_JJ it_PPH1 is_VBZ to_TO 
reduce_VVI personal_JJ qualities_NN2 to_II simple_JJ dichotomies_NN2 ,_, 
let_VVD alone_RR stay_VVI at_II one_MC1 end_NN1 simply_RR to_TO deny_VVI 
the_AT other_JJ option_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Goldberg_NP1 claims_VVZ that_CST women_NN2 tend_VV0 to_TO 
have_VHI a_AT1 greater_JJR ability_NN1 than_CSN men_NN2 *"_" ..._... to_TO 
express_VVI strength_NN1 or_CC weakness_NN1 ,_, independence_NN1 or_CC 
dependence_NN1 ,_, activity_NN1 or_CC passivity_NN1 ,_, rationality_NN1 or_CC 
emotionality_NN1 ,_, courage_NN1 or_CC fear_NN1 ..._... without_RR threat_NN1 
to_II their_APPGE self-image_NN1 ,_, **"_" whereas_CS men_NN2 tend_VV0 to_TO 
have_VHI a_AT1 *"_" one-track_NN1 ,_, all_DB or_CC nothing_PN1 response_NN1 
**"_" to_II life_NN1 ._. 

^ (_( \_NULL p.14_FO )_) ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 single-minded_JJ approach_NN1 involves_VVZ men_NN2 in_II 
constant_JJ proving_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL As_II the_AT criteria_NN2 of_IO achievement_NN1 are_VBR 
unexplained_JJ and_CC unclear_JJ ,_, life_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 never-ending_JJ 
test_NN1 of_IO masculinity_NN1 ,_, the_AT Holy_JJ Grail_NN1 of_IO 
masculinity_NN1 being_VBG infinitely_RR desirable_JJ but_CCB ultimately_RR 
unattainable_JJ ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL How_RGQ happy_JJ can_NN1 an_AT1 individual_NN1 be_VBI when_CS 
he_PPHS1 is_VBZ striving_VVG not_XX to_TO be_VBI something_PN1 and_CC never_RR 
being_VBG certain_JJ if_CSW he_PPHS1 is_VBZ not_XX being_VBG that_CST 
enough_DD ?_? 

^ ^_NULL A_AT1 common_JJ analogy_NN1 for_IF men_NN2 's_GE working_JJ lives_NN2 
is_VBZ the_AT mechanical_JJ paradox_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 treadmill_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ also_RR a_AT1 good_JJ analogy_NN1 for_IF the_AT 
way_NN1 men_NN2 live_VV0 their_APPGE lives_NN2 generally_RR ,_, striving_VVG 
to_TO get_VVI somewhere_RL but_CCB never_RR reaching_VVG it_PPH1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT problem_NN1 is_VBZ made_VVN worse_JJR by_II the_AT 
conditioning_JJ men_NN2 get_VV0 that_CST they_PPHS2 have_VH0 it_PPH1 all_DB 
,_, that_CST they_PPHS2 are_VBR where_RRQ it_PPH1 's_VBZ at_II ._. 

^ ^_NULL So_RR ,_, no_RGQV31 matter_RGQV32 how_RGQV33 miserable_JJ and_CC 
unhealthy_JJ men_NN2 's_GE lives_NN2 are_VBR ,_, we_PPIS2 keep_VV0 living_VVG 
them_PPHO2 ,_, believing_VVG we_PPIS2 are_VBR the_AT most_RGT sophisticated_JJ 
and_CC most_RGT evolved_JJ creatures_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 were_VBDR ,_, after_II all_DB ,_, made_VVN in_II God_NP1 
's_GE image_NN1 and_CC live_JJ in_II God_NP1 's_GE own_DA country_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL There_EX 's_VBZ no_AT place_NN1 for_IF personal_JJ unhappiness_NN1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL Indeed_RR ,_, few_DA2 men_NN2 stop_VV0 to_TO consider_VVI the_AT 
quality_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE lives_NN2 ,_, and_CC if_CSW they_PPHS2 do_VD0 
,_, they_PPHS2 see_VV0 it_PPH1 as_II an_AT1 :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL 
|_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL 
However_RR *"_" being_VBG a_AT1 man_NN1 **"_" is_VBZ defined_VVN ,_, it_PPH1 
requires_VVZ some_DD external_JJ object_NN1 as_II a_AT1 yardstick_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL *"_" Men_NN2 are_VBR oppressors_NN2 **"_" means_VVZ men_NN2 need_VV0 
someone_PN1 to_TO oppress_VVI ._. 

^ ^_NULL *"_" Men_NN2 are_VBR n't_XX women_NN2 **"_" requires_VVZ women_NN2 
for_IF men_NN2 to_TO have_VHI an_AT1 identity_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 reliance_NN1 on_II external_JJ influences_NN2 for_IF 
self-identity_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 dilemma_NN1 for_IF men_NN2 who_PNQS have_VH0 
admired_VVN and_CC aspired_VVN to_TO be_VBI like_II countless_JJ heroes_NN2 
who_PNQS are_VBR self-sufficient_JJ and_CC in_II fact_NN1 succeed_VV0 in_II 
their_APPGE endeavours_NN2 because_II21 of_II22 their_APPGE independence_NN1 
:_: the_AT Lone_JJ Ranger_NN1 ,_, for_REX21 example_REX22 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Masculinity_NP1 has_VHZ generally_RR been_VBN seen_VVN as_II 
a_AT1 negative_JJ thing_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Boys_NN2 are_VBR ,_, after_II all_DB ,_, snails_NN2 and_CC puppy_NN1 
dogs_NN2 '_GE tails_NN2 compared_VVN to_II girls_NN2 '_GE sugar_NN1 and_CC 
spice_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL At_RR21 best_RR22 men_NN2 are_VBR foolish_JJ ,_, as_CSA 
exemplified_VVN by_II the_AT Australian_JJ women_NN2 's_GE magazine_NN1 
that_CST has_VHZ a_AT1 *"_" Mere_JJ Male_JJ **"_" column_NN1 with_IW 
readers_NN2 '_GE stories_NN2 of_IO how_RGQ much_DA1 more_DAR stupid_JJ men_NN2 
are_VBR than_CSN women_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL At_RR21 worst_RR22 men_NN2 are_VBR seen_VVN as_CSA perpetrators_NN2 
of_IO all_DB the_AT world_NN1 's_VBZ evil_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL And_CC it_PPH1 is_VBZ easy_JJ to_TO see_VVI some_DD of_IO the_AT 
injustices_NN2 of_IO the_AT world_NN1 as_II a_AT1 result_NN1 of_IO men_NN2 
being_VBG competitive_JJ and_CC unfeeling_JJ ,_, particularly_RR when_RRQ 
the_AT victims_NN2 of_IO these_DD2 injustices_NN2 are_VBR the_AT people_NN 
who_PNQS are_VBR obviously_RR different_JJ from_II the_AT traditional_JJ 
masculine_JJ figure_NN1 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 women_NN2 and_CC gays_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ also_RR very_RG easy_JJ to_TO see_VVI the_AT 
nuclear_JJ arms_NN2 escalation_NN1 as_II a_AT1 result_NN1 of_IO men_NN2 's_GE 
egos_NN2 always_RR wanting_VVG to_TO do_VDI one_PN1 better_JJR *-_- 
especially_RR when_RRQ the_AT concern_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT missile_NN1 size_NN1 
,_, the_AT length_NN1 of_IO the_AT phallus_NN1 being_VBG an_AT1 old_JJ 
concern_NN1 for_IF men_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ perhaps_RR not_XX unexpected_JJ to_TO see_VVI 
graffiti_NN that_CST says_VVZ *"_" ^_NULL War_NN1 is_VBZ menstruation_NN1 
envy_NN1 ._. **"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Though_CS socialisation_NN1 to_TO fit_VVI the_AT 
stereotype_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 powerfully_RR pervasive_JJ and_CC subtle_JJ 
process_NN1 ,_, human_JJ beings_NN2 are_VBR not_XX simply_RR victims_NN2 of_IO 
their_APPGE upbringing_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ a_AT1 great_JJ deal_NN1 of_IO rejection_NN1 of_IO 
the_AT stereotype_NN1 ,_, with_IW good_JJ reason_NN1 too_RR ,_, as_CSA the_AT 
traditional_JJ stereotypical_JJ man_NN1 is_VBZ often_RR unattractive_JJ and_CC 
at_II times_NNT2 damn_RG dangerous_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Not_XX the_AT sort_NN1 of_IO person_NN1 to_TO have_VHI round_JJ in_II 
times_NNT2 of_IO crisis_NN1 like_II growing_VVG old_JJ ,_, raising_VVG 
children_NN2 or_CC just_RR trying_VVG to_TO get_VVI through_II a_AT1 bad_JJ 
day_NNT1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Men_NN2 's_GE notorious_JJ lack_NN1 of_IO high_JJ quality_NN1 
intimate_JJ friendships_NN2 with_IW other_JJ men_NN2 is_VBZ possibly_RR 
our_APPGE rejection_NN1 of_IO masculine_JJ behaviour_NN1 in_II others_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL After_II all_DB :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT 
poet_NN1 Robert_NP1 Bly_NP1 (_( 1982_MC )_) talks_VVZ about_II individual_JJ 
men_NN2 's_GE rejection_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE own_DA masculinity_NN1 ,_, 
particularly_RR men_NN2 who_PNQS have_VH0 been_VBN encouraged_VVN by_II 
post-1960s_JJ liberalism_NN1 to_TO get_VVI in_II31 touch_II32 with_II33 
their_APPGE feminine_JJ aspects_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Bly_RR calls_VVZ these_DD2 men_NN2 *"_" life-preserving_JJ but_CCB 
not_XX exactly_RR life-giving_JJ **"_" because_CS they_PPHS2 have_VH0 *"_" 
come_VVN to_TO equate_VVI their_APPGE own_DA natural_JJ male_JJ energy_NN1 
with_IW being_VBG macho_JJ **"_" ._. 

^ ^_NULL And_CC in_II rejecting_VVG the_AT macho_JJ ,_, the_AT worst_JJT 
behaviour_NN1 of_IO the_AT stereotypical_JJ man_NN1 ,_, they_PPHS2 also_RR 
reject_VV0 their_APPGE own_DA maleness_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Equating_NP1 machismo_NN1 with_IW masculinity_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT 
same_DA kind_NN1 of_IO link_NN1 as_CSA equating_VVG mens_NN2 identity_NN1 
and_CC worth_NN1 with_IW what_DDQ they_PPHS2 do_VD0 ,_, it_PPH1 being_VBG 
quite_RG usual_JJ to_TO measure_VVI a_AT1 man_NN1 by_II what_DDQ he_PPHS1 
does_VDZ ,_, particularly_RR as_II a_AT1 job_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Rarely_NP1 is_VBZ masculinity_NN1 seen_VVN as_II an_AT1 inherent_JJ 
and_CC natural_JJ attribute_NN1 of_IO men_NN2 with_IW its_APPGE own_DA pure_JJ 
beauty_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL This_DD1 ambivalence_NN1 about_II masculinity_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 
theme_NN1 in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 history_NN1 with_IW the_AT traditional_JJ 
male_JJ culture_NN1 being_VBG considered_VVN *"_" an_AT1 affront_NN1 to_II 
society_NN 's_GE respectability_NN1 **"_" (_( Phillips_NP1 ,_, 1981_MC )_) ,_, 
with_IW men_NN2 's_GE drunken_JJ larrikinism_NN1 being_VBG seen_VVN as_CSA 
something_PN1 evil_JJ to_TO be_VBI controlled_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL As_CSA this_DD1 evil_NN1 was_VBDZ peculiarly_RR masculine_JJ ,_, 
it_PPH1 became_VVD the_AT overt_JJ responsibility_NN1 ,_, from_II the_AT 
1890s_MC2 on_II of_IO femininity_NN1 to_TO provide_VVI *"_" refinement_NN1 ,_, 
morality_NN1 and_CC culture_NN1 ,_, **"_" with_IW women_NN2 having_VHG the_AT 
*"_" special_JJ task_NN1 of_IO preserving_VVG a_AT1 civilised_JJ order_NN1 
and_CC preventing_VVG men_NN2 from_II giving_VVG in_RP to_II baser_JJR 
animal_NN1 instincts_NN2 **"_" (_( ibid._RR ,_, \_NULL p.226_FO )_) ._. 

^ ^_NULL Another_DD1 dilemma_NN1 for_IF men_NN2 ,_, then_RT ,_, is_VBZ 
that_DD1 if_CS they_PPHS2 are_VBR in_II the_AT powerful_JJ position_NN1 ,_, 
why_RRQ is_VBZ it_PPH1 *1_NULL women_NN2 *0_NULL have_VH0 to_TO make_VVI 
sure_JJ that_CST they_PPHS2 do_VD0 not_XX go_VVI too_RG far_RR ?_? 

^ ^_NULL If_CS men_NN2 have_VH0 control_NN1 ,_, how_RRQ is_VBZ it_PPH1 
that_CST women_NN2 sanction_VV0 their_APPGE behaviour_NN1 ?_? 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 all_RR comes_VVZ out_RP in_II *"_" that_DD1 peculiar_JJ 
mixture_NN1 of_IO resentment_NN1 and_CC adoration_NN1 ,_, feelings_NN2 of_IO 
threat_NN1 and_CC paternalism_NN1 ,_, with_IW which_DDQ males_NN2 have_VH0 
treated_VVN New_NP Zealand_NP1 women_NN2 ._. **"_" 

^ (_( ibid._RR ,_, \_NULL p.218_FO )_) ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL This_DD1 pattern_NN1 can_VM also_RR be_VBI seen_VVN in_II 
the_AT common_JJ male-female_JJ interaction_NN1 ,_, where_CS the_AT man_NN1 
is_VBZ the_AT initial_JJ actor_NN1 and_CC the_AT woman_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT 
second_MD stage_NN1 reactor_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 gives_VVZ the_AT man_NN1 the_AT power_NN1 to_TO act_VVI 
and_CC the_AT woman_NN1 the_AT power_NN1 to_TO judge_VVI his_APPGE actions_NN2 
and_CC reward_NN1 or_CC punish_VV0 accordingly_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 leaves_VVZ men_NN2 with_IW too_RG much_DA1 responsibility_NN1 
and_CC is_VBZ a_AT1 big_JJ part_NN1 of_IO the_AT male_JJ reality_NN1 of_IO 
always_RR waiting_VVG for_IF the_AT judges_NN2 '_GE cards_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL *"_" The_AT Actor-Reactor_NN1 relationship_NN1 lays_VVZ the_AT 
foundations_NN2 for_IF unending_JJ guilt_NN1 and_CC opens_VVZ men_NN2 up_RP 
for_IF the_AT most_RGT hostile_JJ accusations_NN2 ._. **"_" 

^ (_( Goldberg_NP1 ,_, 1979_MC ,_, \_NULL p.78_FO )_) ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT man_NN1 can_VM be_VBI blamed_VVN for_IF everything_PN1 ,_, 
while_CS the_AT woman_NN1 who_PNQS has_VHZ not_XX taken_VVN an_AT1 equal_JJ 
responsibility_NN1 for_IF initiation_NN1 ,_, nor_CC been_VBN clear_JJ and_CC 
direct_JJ about_II what_DDQ she_PPHS1 wants_VVZ ,_, because_II21 of_II22 
her_APPGE conditioning_NN1 ,_, tends_VVZ *"_" only_RR to_II blame_NN1 ,_, 
accuse_NN1 ,_, turn_NN1 away_RL in_II hurt_JJ or_CC scream_VV0 out_RP in_II 
righteous_JJ rage_NN1 **"_" (_( ibid._RR ,_, \_NULL p.78_FO )_) ._. 

^ ^_NULL All_DB these_DD2 behaviours_NN2 are_VBR referred_VVN to_II as_CSA 
*"_" being_VBG a_AT1 bitch_NN1 **"_" ,_, *"_" being_VBG a_AT1 ball-breaking_JJ 
woman_NN1 **"_" ,_, *"_" never_RR satisfied_JJ **"_" or_CC *"_" there_EX 
's_VBZ no_AT pleasing_VVG her_PPHO1 **"_" ._. 

^ ^_NULL And_CC women_NN2 ,_, to_TO maximise_VVI their_APPGE power_NN1 ,_, 
learn_VV0 their_APPGE role_NN1 well_RR ,_, know_VV0 the_AT man_NN1 's_GE 
weakest_JJT spot_NN1 and_CC know_VV0 just_RR the_AT weapon_NN1 to_II 
figuratively_RR cut_VVD him_PPHO1 off_RP at_II the_AT knees_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT paradox_NN1 for_IF men_NN2 then_RT becomes_VVZ *"_" ^_NULL 
If_CS I_PPIS1 'm_VBM so_RG powerful_JJ and_CC competent_JJ ,_, how_RRQ 
come_VVN I_PPIS1 'm_VBM so_RG decimated_JJ by_II one_MC1 cutting_JJ remark_NN1 
?_? 

^ ^_NULL How_RRQ come_VVN she_PPHS1 's_VHZ got_VVN me_PPIO1 by_II my_APPGE 
balls_NN2 ?_? 

^ ^_NULL How_RRQ come_VVN it_PPH1 's_VBZ women_NN2 who_PNQS are_VBR the_AT 
judges_NN2 and_CC validators_NN2 of_IO masculinity_NN1 ?_? **"_" 

^ (_( Wilson_NP1 ,_, 1979_MC ,_, \_NULL p.108_FO )_) ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Brave_JJ Warrior_NN1 is_VBZ easily_RR wounded_VVN ,_, 
partly_RR because_CS he_PPHS1 learnt_VVD the_AT pattern_NN1 young_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ another_DD1 woman_NN1 ,_, Mother_NN1 ,_, who_PNQS 
was_VBDZ responsible_JJ for_IF the_AT reward_NN1 and_CC punishment_NN1 
process_NN1 involved_JJ in_II parenting_VVG a_AT1 young_JJ male_NN1 and_CC 
probably_RR that_CST too_RR was_VBDZ an_AT1 Actor-Reactor_NN1 relationship_NN1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL There_EX were_VBDR also_RR all_DB the_AT women_NN2 school_NN1 
teachers_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL For_IF males_NN2 growing_VVG up_RP in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 there_EX 
is_VBZ the_AT whole_JJ dilemma_NN1 of_IO being_VBG raised_VVN by_II a_AT1 
woman_NN1 ,_, the_AT opposite_JJ ,_, the_AT person_NN1 not_XX to_TO be_VBI ,_, 
and_CC yet_RR with_IW very_RG little_DA1 initiation_NN1 needing_VVG to_TO 
mature_VVI and_CC go_NN1 into_II the_AT man_NN1 's_VBZ world_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL *"_" Alien_NP1 and_CC distant_JJ fathers_NN2 in_II childrearing_VVG 
appearing_VVG to_TO be_VBI the_AT rule_NN1 rather_II21 than_II22 the_AT 
exception_NN1 ,_, **"_" (_( Wilson_NP1 ,_, 1979_MC ,_, \_NULL p.103_FO )_) ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II Freudian_JJ terms_NN2 this_DD1 confusion_NN1 is_VBZ 
explained_VVN by_II saying_VVG that_CST *"_" even_CS21 though_CS22 boys_NN2 
love_VV0 their_APPGE mothers_NN2 (_( they_PPHS2 repress_VV0 this_DD1 and_CC 
)_) end_VV0 up_RP by_II identifying_VVG with_IW the_AT father_NN1 and_CC 
all_DB the_AT attitudes_NN2 of_IO masculinity_NN1 he_PPHS1 represents_VVZ 
**"_" (_( ibid._RR ,_, \_NULL p.105_FO )_) ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 leaves_VVZ men_NN2 feeling_VVG *"_" both_RR guilty_JJ and_CC 
hostile_JJ about_II their_APPGE relationship_NN1 with_IW their_APPGE 
mothers_NN2 and_CC therefore_RR their_APPGE relationship_NN1 with_IW other_JJ 
women_NN2 ._. **"_" 

^ (_( ibid._RR ,_, \_NULL p.106_FO )_) ._. 

^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 158+TEXT+F15_FO **]_NULL 

^ ^_NULL *0_NULL They_PPHS2 contribute_VV0 to_II the_AT food_NN1 supplies_NN2 
,_, provide_VV0 the_AT work_NN1 force_NN1 for_IF the_AT kitchen_NN1 ,_, 
dining_NN1 room_NN1 ,_, meeting_NN1 house_NN1 and_CC grounds_NN2 ,_, and_CC 
welcome_VV0 the_AT visitors_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ the_AT tangata_NN1 whenua_NN1 who_PNQS remove_VV0 
the_AT tapu_NN1 from_II the_AT visitors_NN2 to_TO allow_VVI them_PPHO2 to_TO 
become_VVI one_PN1 with_IW the_AT tangata_NN1 whenua_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL For_IF the_AT duration_NN1 of_IO the_AT visit_NN1 ,_, 
visitors_NN2 are_VBR given_VVN some_DD of_IO the_AT privileges_NN2 and_CC 
responsibilities_NN2 of_IO tangata_NN1 whenua_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 are_VBR now_RT free_VV0 to_TO move_VVI on_II any_DD 
part_NN1 of_IO the_AT marae_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 may_VM help_VVI the_AT ringa_NN1 wera_NN1 (_( *"_" hot_JJ 
hands_NN2 **"_" ;_; workers_NN2 )_) in_II the_AT kitchen_NN1 with_IW 
their_APPGE chores_NN2 ,_, assist_VV0 in_II welcoming_VVG further_JJR 
visitors_NN2 ,_, or_CC become_VV0 one_MC1 of_IO those_DD2 invited_VVD to_TO 
sit_VVI on_II the_AT paepae_NN2 (_( speakers_NN2 '_GE platform_NN1 )_) ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL This_DD1 tangata_NN1 whenua_NN1 status_NN1 is_VBZ an_AT1 
honorary_JJ one_PN1 ,_, for_IF first-time_JJ visitors_NN2 especially_RR ,_, 
and_CC applies_VVZ for_IF the_AT duration_NN1 of_IO that_DD1 particular_JJ 
hui_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ not_XX carried_VVN away_RP with_IW the_AT visitor_NN1 
when_RRQ he_PPHS1 or_CC she_PPHS1 leaves_VVZ the_AT marae_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL However_RR ,_, it_PPH1 does_VDZ mean_VVI that_CST the_AT visitor_NN1 
is_VBZ no_RR21 longer_RR22 a_ZZ1 waewae_NN2 tapu_NN1 (_( sacred_JJ foot_NN1 
,_, or_CC first-time_JJ visitor_NN1 to_II that_DD1 particular_JJ marae_NN2 )_) 
and_CC could_VM therefore_RR go_VVI to_II that_DD1 marae_NN2 at_II some_DD 
future_JJ time_NNT1 without_IW needing_VVG to_TO be_VBI formally_RR 
welcomed_VVN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT tangata_NN1 whenua_NN1 can_VM be_VBI divided_VVN 
into_II subgroups_NN2 on_II the_AT basis_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE hosting_JJ 
roles_NN2 ,_, even_CS21 though_CS22 the_AT roles_NN2 will_VM overlap_VVI ._. 

^ ^_NULL These_DD2 subgroups_NN2 comprise_VV0 young_JJ children_NN2 ,_, 
teenagers_NN2 ,_, adults_NN2 and_CC elders_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Young_JJ children_NN2 have_VH0 access_NN1 to_II all_DB 
parts_NN2 of_IO the_AT marae_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 can_VM play_VVI anywhere_RL on_II the_AT marae_NN2 ;_; 
but_CCB ,_, when_CS a_AT1 formal_JJ welcome_NN1 is_VBZ in_II progress_NN1 
on_II the_AT marae-atea_NN1 ,_, this_DD1 becomes_VVZ out_II21 of_II22 
bounds_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Children_NN2 ,_, like_II everyone_PN1 else_RR ,_, are_VBR valued_JJ 
members_NN2 of_IO the_AT marae_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 belong_VV0 to_II the_AT marae_NN2 and_CC are_VBR 
important_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL All_DB adults_NN2 on_II the_AT marae_NN2 become_VV0 *"_" parents_NN2 
**"_" to_II these_DD2 children_NN2 ,_, and_CC it_PPH1 is_VBZ the_AT 
responsibility_NN1 of_IO all_DB adults_NN2 to_TO care_VVI for_IF them_PPHO2 
and_CC to_TO discipline_VVI them_PPHO2 if_CS necessary_JJ ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Teenagers_NN2 also_RR have_VH0 considerable_JJ freedom_NN1 
on_II the_AT marae_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 ,_, too_RR ,_, learn_VV0 by_II experience_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 are_VBR expected_VVN to_TO carry_VVI seats_NN2 ,_, set_VVN 
and_CC clear_JJ tables_NN2 ,_, serve_VV0 meals_NN2 ,_, pour_VV0 coffee_NN1 
or_CC tea_NN1 ,_, wash_NN1 and_CC dry_JJ dishes_NN2 ,_, and_CC generally_RR 
do_VD0 manual_JJ work_NN1 to_TO ensure_VVI that_CST visitors_NN2 are_VBR 
looked_VVN after_II ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 help_VV0 the_AT ringa_NN1 wera_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Adults_NN2 are_VBR the_AT ringa_NN1 wera_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL On_II them_PPHO2 depends_VVZ the_AT mana_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE 
marae_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Food_NN1 has_VHZ to_TO be_VBI ordered_VVN and_CC delivered_VVN ;_; 
fires_NN2 have_VH0 to_TO be_VBI tended_VVN (_( where_CS appropriate_JJ )_) ;_; 
meals_NN2 have_VH0 to_TO be_VBI prepared_VVN ,_, cooked_VVD and_CC served_VVN 
;_; the_AT hangi_NN2 has_VHZ to_TO be_VBI put_VVN down_RP ._. 

^ ^_NULL Gardens_NN2 have_VH0 to_TO be_VBI maintained_VVN ;_; buildings_NN2 
,_, including_II the_AT ablution_NN1 block_NN1 ,_, have_VH0 to_TO be_VBI 
kept_VVN clean_JJ ;_; and_CC the_AT whare_NN1 moe_NN1 (_( sleeping_JJ 
house_NN1 )_) must_VM be_VBI made_VVN ready_JJ for_IF the_AT manuhiri_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT fourth_MD important_JJ group_NN is_VBZ nga_NN1 
kaumatua_NN1 (_( the_AT elders_NN2 ,_, both_DB2 men_NN2 and_CC women_NN2 )_) 
._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ very_RG difficult_JJ to_TO define_VVI when_RRQ a_AT1 
person_NN1 becomes_VVZ an_AT1 elder_NN1 ,_, as_CSA distinct_JJ from_II an_AT1 
adult_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Some_DD elders_NN2 are_VBR experts_NN2 in_II the_AT area_NN1 of_IO 
whakapapa_NN1 (_( genealogy_NN1 )_) ;_; others_NN2 are_VBR more_RGR expert_JJ 
in_II whai_NN2 korero_NN1 ;_; some_DD older_JJR women_NN2 excel_VV0 in_II 
waiata_NN1 (_( song_NN1 )_) ;_; others_NN2 are_VBR experts_NN2 in_II 
karanga_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II some_DD districts_NN2 where_CS there_EX are_VBR very_RG 
few_DA2 older_JJR folk_NN2 ,_, the_AT younger_JJR group_NN of_IO men_NN2 
and_CC women_NN2 assume_VV0 the_AT role_NN1 of_IO the_AT elders_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II other_JJ areas_NN2 ,_, where_CS the_AT number_NN1 of_IO 
elders_NN2 is_VBZ greater_JJR ,_, the_AT older_JJR leaders_NN2 may_VM be_VBI 
very_RG old_JJ ,_, so_CS the_AT younger_JJR ones_NN2 have_VH0 to_TO wait_VVI 
*"_" in_II the_AT wings_NN2 **"_" until_CS given_VVN the_AT opportunity_NN1 
to_TO participate_VVI in_II the_AT formal_JJ arena_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 may_VM become_VVI frustrating_JJ to_II some_DD of_IO the_AT 
more_RGR impatient_JJ youth_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL A_AT1 feature_NN1 of_IO marae_NN2 life_NN1 is_VBZ that_CST 
there_EX is_VBZ always_RR a_AT1 place_NN1 for_IF the_AT old_JJ people_NN *-_- 
both_RR male_JJ and_CC female_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT mana_NN1 and_CC authority_NN1 of_IO the_AT elders_NN2 are_VBR 
very_RG influential_JJ ,_, yet_RR inconspicuous_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 are_VBR honoured_VVN because_II21 of_II22 their_APPGE 
wisdom_NN1 ,_, their_APPGE wise_JJ counsel_NN1 ,_, their_APPGE expertise_NN1 
in_II nga_NN1 taonga_NN1 a_AT1 nga_NN1 tipuna_NN1 (_( treasures_NN2 of_IO 
the_AT ancestors_NN2 )_) ,_, and_CC their_APPGE authority_NN1 in_II 
matters_NN2 pertaining_II21 to_II22 the_AT marae_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Their_APPGE role_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO *"_" front_VVI **"_" the_AT 
marae_NN2 ,_, to_TO welcome_VVI the_AT visitors_NN2 ,_, to_TO ensure_VVI 
that_CST the_AT kawa_NN1 is_VBZ followed_VVN ,_, and_CC ,_, when_CS 
questioned_VVN specifically_RR ,_, to_TO pass_VVI their_APPGE knowledge_NN1 
on_II21 to_II22 the_AT young_JJ ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II all_DB these_DD2 roles_NN2 ,_, the_AT Maori_NP1 is_VBZ 
expected_VVN to_TO learn_VVI by_II seeing_VVG ,_, by_II hearing_NN1 ,_, and_CC 
by_II doing_VDG ._. 

^ ^_NULL Rarely_NP1 is_VBZ he_PPHS1 or_CC she_PPHS1 specifically_RR told_VVN 
what_DDQ to_TO do_VDI or_CC why_RRQ it_PPH1 should_VM be_VBI done_VDN ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT expectation_NN1 is_VBZ that_CST by_II seeing_VVG their_APPGE 
elders_NN2 in_II action_NN1 ,_, young_JJ people_NN know_VV0 how_RRQ things_NN2 
should_VM be_VBI done_VDN ._. 

^ ^_NULL So_RR ,_, when_CS it_PPH1 is_VBZ time_NNT1 for_IF them_PPHO2 to_TO 
assume_VVI that_DD1 role_NN1 ,_, they_PPHS2 know_VV0 exactly_RR what_DDQ 
is_VBZ expected_VVN and_CC how_RRQ to_TO respond_VVI ._. 

^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Te_AT huihuinga_NN1 ki_NN2 waho/_FO The_AT gathering_NN1 
together_RL *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT organisers_NN2 of_IO a_ZZ1 hui_NN2 usually_RR 
suggest_VV0 that_CST those_DD2 persons_NN2 wishing_VVG to_TO enter_VVI the_AT 
marae_NN2 should_VM gather_VVI together_RL outside_II the_AT marae_NN2 
gates_NN2 by_II a_AT1 certain_JJ time_NNT1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ not_XX a_AT1 request_NN1 that_CST is_VBZ made_VVN 
of_IO Pakeha_NP1 people_NN only_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL When_CS going_VVG to_II a_ZZ1 tangi_NN2 (_( funeral_NN1 )_) or_CC 
hui_NN2 ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ expected_VVN that_CST ,_, unless_CS they_PPHS2 
are_VBR arriving_VVG in_II a_AT1 large_JJ group_NN ,_, visitors_NN2 will_VM 
wait_VVI at_RR21 least_RR22 a_DD221 few_DD222 minutes_NNT2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ to_TO make_VVI sure_JJ that_CST there_EX is_VBZ 
not_XX another_DD1 group_NN of_IO manuhiri_NN2 already_RR being_VBG 
welcomed_VVN on_II the_AT marae_NN2 ,_, and_CC to_TO see_VVI if_CSW other_JJ 
individuals_NN2 also_RR arrive_VV0 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Of_RR21 course_RR22 ,_, if_CS a_AT1 group_NN does_VDZ arrive_VVI ,_, 
one_PN1 could_VM join_VVI that_DD1 group_NN ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ most_RGT helpful_JJ to_II the_AT tangata_NN1 
whenua_NN1 if_CSW visitors_NN2 enter_VV0 as_II a_AT1 combined_JJ group_NN ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 lessens_VVZ the_AT burden_NN1 on_II the_AT speakers_NN2 
and_CC on_II the_AT ringa_NN1 wera_NN1 in_II the_AT whare_NN1 kai_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL While_CS gathering_VVG together_RL ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ usual_JJ 
to_TO greet_VVI all_DB others_NN2 at_II the_AT gate_NN1 ,_, whether_CSW 
they_PPHS2 are_VBR known_VVN to_II you_PPY personally_RR or_CC not_XX ._. 

^ ^_NULL A_AT1 hariru_NN1 (_( handshake_NN1 )_) is_VBZ right_JJ and_CC 
proper_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Should_VM the_AT other_JJ people_NN waiting_NN1 be_VBI well_RR 
known_VVN to_II you_PPY ,_, then_RT there_EX will_VM follow_VVI the_AT 
hongi_NN2 (_( pressing_VVG of_IO noses_NN2 )_) ,_, the_AT kiss_NN1 and_CC 
hug_NN1 ,_, and_CC maybe_RR even_RR tears_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Speakers_NP1 for_IF the_AT manuhiri_NN2 will_VM be_VBI 
selected_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT person_NN1 selected_VVN as_II the_AT last_MD speaker_NN1 
for_IF the_AT group_NN will_VM place_VVI the_AT koha_NN1 ,_, usually_RR 
money_NN1 ,_, on_II the_AT marae_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL One_MC1 person_NN1 will_VM collect_VVI the_AT koha_NN1 while_CS 
the_AT group_NN is_VBZ outside_II the_AT gate_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL If_CS you_PPY are_VBR alone_JJ among_II strangers_NN2 ,_, ask_VV0 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL one_MC1 of_IO them_PPHO2 who_PNQS the_AT last_MD 
speaker_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO be_VBI ,_, and_CC give_VV0 your_APPGE koha_NN1 to_II 
that_DD1 person_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ a_AT1 very_RG personal_JJ gift_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL A_AT1 note_NN1 or_CC notes_NN2 ,_, folded_VVD up_RP or_CC placed_VVN 
in_II an_AT1 envelope_NN1 (_( with_IW your_APPGE name_NN1 on_II the_AT 
outside_JJ if_CS you_PPY want_VV0 it_PPH1 recorded_VVD )_) ,_, is_VBZ 
acceptable_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ not_XX good_JJ form_NN1 to_TO show_VVI others_NN2 
at_II the_AT gate_NN1 the_AT amount_NN1 that_CST you_PPY propose_VV0 to_TO 
give_VVI ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ not_XX usual_JJ ,_, either_DD1 ,_, to_TO enquire_VVI 
as_II21 to_II22 what_DDQ the_AT koha_NN1 should_VM be_VBI ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ your_APPGE personal_JJ decision_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL You_PPY give_VV0 what_DDQ you_PPY ,_, personally_RR ,_, wish_NN1 
to_TO give_VVI ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL During_II this_DD1 time_NNT1 of_IO gathering_VVG together_RL 
,_, smoking_VVG and_CC talking_VVG quietly_RR are_VBR part_NN1 of_IO the_AT 
*"_" settling_NN1 down_II **"_" process_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Loud_JJ calling_NN1 ,_, boisterous_JJ behaviour_NN1 ,_, and_CC 
children_NN2 playing_VVG chase_NN1 do_VD0 not_XX contribute_VVI to_II the_AT 
state_NN1 of_IO mind_NN1 that_CST is_VBZ appropriate_JJ on_II such_DA a_AT1 
tapu_NN1 occasion_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Neither_DD1 would_VM loud_RR noise_NN1 be_VBI appreciated_VVN by_II 
those_DD2 on_II the_AT marae_NN2 ,_, especially_RR if_CS a_AT1 group_NN 
were_VBDR in_II the_AT process_NN1 of_IO being_VBG welcomed_VVN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL When_CS the_AT tangata_NN1 whenua_NN1 are_VBR ready_JJ ,_, 
one_MC1 of_IO them_PPHO2 usually_RR approaches_NN2 the_AT visitors_NN2 
waiting_VVG outside_RL and_CC indicates_VVZ that_CST the_AT tangata_NN1 
whenua_NN1 are_VBR ready_JJ ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT order_NN1 in_II which_DDQ the_AT group_NN assembles_VVZ 
at_II the_AT gate_NN1 depends_VVZ on_II the_AT local_JJ kawa_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II some_DD areas_NN2 all_DB the_AT men_NN2 precede_VV0 the_AT 
women_NN2 ,_, and_CC the_AT speakers_NN2 and_CC most_RGT important_JJ 
menfolk_NN2 will_VM be_VBI expected_VVN to_TO be_VBI in_II front_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II other_JJ areas_NN2 the_AT important_JJ menfolk_NN2 will_VM 
be_VBI in_II front_NN1 ,_, followed_VVN by_II the_AT women_NN2 ,_, the_AT 
children_NN2 and_CC the_AT other_JJ men_NN2 ,_, who_PNQS may_VM form_VVI 
themselves_PPX2 to_II the_AT sides_NN2 and_CC rear_NN1 of_IO the_AT body_NN1 
of_IO womenfolk_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Again_RT ,_, the_AT group_NN could_VM be_VBI led_VVN on_RP by_II 
the_AT womenfolk_NN2 ,_, with_IW those_DD2 men_NN2 who_PNQS will_VM be_VBI 
speaking_VVG to_II the_AT side_NN1 of_IO the_AT group_NN of_IO women_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Sometimes_RT the_AT kai_NN2 whakautu_NN1 (_( woman_NN1 who_PNQS 
will_VM respond_VVI to_II the_AT karanga_NN1 )_) will_VM be_VBI in_II31 
front_II32 of_II33 the_AT group_NN and_CC lead_VV0 them_PPHO2 on_RP ;_; at_II 
other_JJ times_NNT2 she_PPHS1 will_VM be_VBI to_II the_AT side_NN1 or_CC 
slightly_RR behind_II the_AT leading_JJ male_JJ members_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Those_DD2 who_PNQS will_VM whai_NN2 korero_NN1 (_( speak_VV0 )_) 
and_CC waiata_NN1 should_VM be_VBI to_II the_AT fore_NN1 of_IO the_AT group_NN 
._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Before_II entering_VVG the_AT gate_NN1 ,_, talking_VVG and_CC 
smoking_VVG cease_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Once_RR the_AT manuhiri_NN2 begin_VV0 to_TO move_VVI forward_RL 
in_II31 response_II32 to_II33 the_AT karanga_NN1 ,_, or_CC the_AT wero_NN1 
if_CS it_PPH1 is_VBZ issued_VVN ,_, they_PPHS2 do_VD0 so_CS in_II a_AT1 
respectful_JJ way_NN1 and_CC as_II a_AT1 body_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ not_XX good_JJ practice_NN1 to_TO *"_" hang_VVI 
back_RP **"_" ,_, no_RGQV31 matter_RGQV32 how_RGQV33 strong_JJ the_AT 
inclination_NN1 ._. 

^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Te_AT wero/_FO The_AT challenge_NN1 *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL *"_" Wero_NP1 **"_" literally_RR means_VVZ *"_" to_TO 
cast_VVI a_AT1 spear_NN1 **"_" ,_, and_CC it_PPH1 is_VBZ a_AT1 challenge_NN1 
that_CST is_VBZ accorded_VVN to_II distinguished_JJ visitors_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Originally_RR ,_, the_AT purpose_NN1 of_IO the_AT wero_NN1 was_VBDZ 
to_TO find_VVI out_RP whether_CSW the_AT visiting_JJ party_NN came_VVD in_II 
peace_NN1 or_CC in_II war_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL As_CSA with_IW all_DB other_JJ aspects_NN2 of_IO the_AT 
marae_NN2 ,_, the_AT basic_JJ principles_NN2 are_VBR universal_JJ ,_, but_CCB 
there_EX are_VBR differences_NN2 in_II detail_NN1 between_II one_MC1 tribe_NN1 
and_CC another_DD1 and_CC for_IF different_JJ occasions_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ significance_NN1 in_II the_AT way_NN1 that_CST the_AT 
taiaha_NN1 (_( spear_NN1 )_) is_VBZ held_VVN and_CC swung_VVN and_CC there_EX 
is_VBZ significance_NN1 in_II the_AT way_NN1 that_CST the_AT taki_NN2 (_( 
challenge_NN1 dart_NN1 )_) *-_- which_DDQ may_VM be_VBI a_AT1 small_JJ 
carved_JJ dart_NN1 or_CC a_AT1 twig_NN1 *-_- is_VBZ placed_VVN before_II 
the_AT manuhiri_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT wero_NN1 is_VBZ always_RR issued_VVN by_II a_AT1 
male_NN1 ,_, who_PNQS will_VM begin_VVI his_APPGE *"_" intimidation_NN1 **"_" 
from_II the_AT ranks_NN2 of_IO the_AT tangata_NN1 whenua_NN1 before_II the_AT 
karanga_NN1 is_VBZ issued_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL Thus_RR the_AT manuhiri_NN2 must_VM stand_VVI at_II the_AT gate_NN1 
and_CC wait_VVI until_CS the_AT opportunity_NN1 arises_VVZ to_TO show_VVI 
that_CST their_APPGE intentions_NN2 are_VBR peaceful_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 they_PPHS2 will_VM do_VDI by_II their_APPGE most_RGT 
honoured_JJ member_NN1 picking_VVG up_RP the_AT taki_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL A_AT1 wero_NN1 may_VM be_VBI issued_VVN to_II a_AT1 woman_NN1 of_IO 
rank_NN1 *-_- such_II21 as_II22 the_AT Queen_NN1 *-_- but_CCB the_AT taki_NN2 
must_VM always_RR be_VBI picked_VVN up_RP by_II a_AT1 male_JJ member_NN1 of_IO 
her_APPGE party_NN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL On_II a_AT1 full_JJ ceremonial_JJ occasion_NN1 there_EX 
are_VBR three_MC challengers_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT first_MD is_VBZ the_AT rakau_NN1 whakaara_NN1 (_( warning_NN1 
challenger_NN1 )_) ._. 

^ ^_NULL If_CS he_PPHS1 believes_VVZ that_CST the_AT manuhiri_NN2 have_VH0 
come_VVN in_II peace_NN1 ,_, he_PPHS1 places_VVZ the_AT taki_NN2 parallel_VV0 
to_II the_AT manuhiri_NN2 ;_; if_CS he_PPHS1 places_VVZ the_AT taki_NN2 
with_IW the_AT point_NN1 towards_II the_AT group_NN ,_, he_PPHS1 believes_VVZ 
that_CST they_PPHS2 have_VH0 come_VVN for_IF war_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL If_CS he_PPHS1 throws_VVZ the_AT taki_NN2 at_II them_PPHO2 *-_- 
he_PPHS1 could_VM be_VBI asking_VVG for_IF trouble_NN1 ._. 

^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL When_CS the_AT taki_NN2 has_VHZ 
been_VBN picked_VVN up_RP ,_, the_AT second_MD challenger_NN1 *-_- the_AT 
rakau_NN1 takoto_NN1 *-_- comes_VVZ forward_RL to_TO prevent_VVI the_AT 
manuhiri_NN2 from_II advancing_JJ further_RRR until_CS the_AT rakau_NN1 
whakaara_NN1 has_VHZ returned_VVN to_II the_AT chief_NN1 with_IW the_AT 
information_NN1 that_CST he_PPHS1 has_VHZ gleaned_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL His_APPGE taki_NN2 is_VBZ placed_VVN in_II the_AT peaceful_JJ 
position_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL As_CSA he_PPHS1 returns_VVZ to_II the_AT tangata_NN1 whenua_NN1 ,_, 
always_RR facing_VVG the_AT manuhiri_NN2 ,_, the_AT third_MD challenger_NN1 
*-_- the_AT rakau_NN1 whakawaha_NN1 *-_- proceeds_VVZ to_TO challenge_VVI 
the_AT manuhiri_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL When_CS his_APPGE taki_NN2 is_VBZ picked_VVN up_RP ,_, he_PPHS1 
turns_VVZ his_APPGE back_NN1 on_II the_AT manuhiri_NN2 and_CC brings_VVZ 
his_APPGE taiaha_NN1 over_II his_APPGE head_NN1 with_IW the_AT point_NN1 
towards_II the_AT marae_NN2 *-_- the_AT signal_NN1 for_IF the_AT manuhiri_NN2 
to_TO come_VVI forward_RL ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT karanga_NN1 and_CC the_AT powhiri_NN2 then_RT begin_VV0 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL On_II some_DD occasions_NN2 the_AT rakau_NN1 whakawaha_NN1 
may_VM place_VVI his_APPGE taki_NN2 in_II the_AT warlike_JJ position_NN1 
and_CC ,_, at_II the_AT end_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE wero_NN1 ,_, slap_VV0 
his_APPGE thigh_NN1 and_CC run_VVN for_IF the_AT security_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE 
people_NN ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT manuhiri_NN2 ,_, having_VHG been_VBN challenged_VVN ,_, may_VM 
send_VVI one_MC1 of_IO their_APPGE number_NN1 to_TO chase_VVI and_CC ,_, if_CS 
possible_JJ ,_, to_II ground_NN1 the_AT challenger_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 caused_VVD some_DD consternation_NN1 at_II the_AT 
Waitangi_NP1 Day_NP1 ceremony_NN1 in_II 1985_MC when_RRQ a_AT1 young_JJ 
naval_JJ *"_" warrior_NN1 **"_" from_II the_AT Governor-General_NN1 's_VHZ 
party_NN caught_VVN and_CC grounded_VVN the_AT challenger_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Protesters_NN2 present_VV0 *-_- not_XX immediately_RR 
understanding_VVG the_AT full_JJ significance_NN1 of_IO what_DDQ was_VBDZ 
happening_VVG *-_- became_VVD momentarily_RR irate_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT young_JJ challenger_NN1 was_VBDZ mortified_VVN that_CST 
he_PPHS1 had_VHD got_VVN cramp_VV0 at_II a_AT1 most_RGT awkward_JJ time_NNT1 
._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT full_JJ significance_NN1 of_IO the_AT wero_NN1 
stems_VVZ from_II the_AT traditional_JJ need_NN1 of_IO the_AT marae_NN2 to_TO 
determine_VVI the_AT intent_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE manuhiri_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 was_VBDZ done_VDN without_IW any_DD physical_JJ contact_NN1 
between_II the_AT tangata_NN1 whenua_NN1 and_CC the_AT manuhiri_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ done_VDN through_II a_AT1 spiritual_JJ awareness_NN1 
of_IO the_AT actions_NN2 of_IO people_NN and_CC the_AT responses_NN2 
between_II people_NN ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT taki_NN2 ,_, the_AT representative_NN1 of_IO Tane_NP1 
Mahuta_NP1 ,_, is_VBZ placed_VVN before_II you_PPY ,_, to_TO invite_VVI 
you_PPY to_TO come_VVI in_II peace_NN1 ,_, while_CS recognising_VVG that_CST 
you_PPY may_VM have_VHI a_AT1 take_NN1 (_( reason_NN1 )_) for_IF which_DDQ 
harsh_JJ words_NN2 may_VM need_VVI to_TO be_VBI spoken_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL However_RR ,_, on_II the_AT marae-atea_NN1 a_AT1 way_NN1 can_VM 
always_RR be_VBI found_VVN whereby_RRQ an_AT1 exchange_NN1 of_IO words_NN2 ,_, 
of_IO wairua_NN1 (_( spirit_NN1 )_) and_CC of_IO feelings_NN2 can_VM bring_VVI 
people_NN to_II a_AT1 better_JJR understanding_NN1 of_IO one_PPX121 
another_PPX122 ._. 

^ ^_NULL By_II accepting_VVG the_AT wero_NN1 ,_, you_PPY take_VV0 the_AT 
first_MD step_NN1 signifying_VVG the_AT beginning_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 
exchange_NN1 between_II people_NN ._. 

^ ^_NULL Relaxation_NN1 results_VVZ from_II the_AT knowledge_NN1 that_CST ,_, 
for_RT41 the_RT42 time_RT43 being_RT44 ,_, we_PPIS2 are_VBR at_II peace_NN1 
one_PN1 with_IW another_DD1 ._. 

^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Te_AT karanga/_FO The_AT call_NN1 *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL As_CS31 soon_CS32 as_CS33 the_AT tangata_NN1 
whenua_NN1 see_VV0 that_CST the_AT manuhiri_NN2 are_VBR ready_JJ to_TO 
proceed_VVI ,_, a_AT1 woman_NN1 *-_- the_AT kai_NN2 karanga_NN1 (_( the_AT 
caller_NN1 )_) will_NN1 karanga_NN1 (_( call_NN1 )_) ._. 

^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 159+TEXT+F16_FO **]_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Five_MC years_NNT2 before_II a_AT1 similar_JJ 
accusation_NN1 had_VHD been_VBN levelled_VVN at_II Maori_NP1 ,_, Chinese_JJ 
and_CC Indians_NN2 :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL gross_JJ 
intemperance_NN1 [_( is_VBZ ]_) heading_VVG the_AT Tamaki_NP State_NNL1 
housing_NN1 area_NN1 toward_II slum_NN1 conditions_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Drunken_JJ orgies_NN2 by_II groups_NN2 of_IO Maoris_NP2 ,_, 
Chinese_NN1 ,_, Indians_NN2 ,_, and_CC a_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO irresponsible_JJ 
pakehas_NP1 [_( are_VBR ]_) the_AT reason_NN1 ..._... 

^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL These_DD2 criticisms_NN2 were_VBDR 
symptomatic_JJ of_IO the_AT majority_NN rejection_NN1 of_IO visibly_RR 
different_JJ life-styles_NN2 of_IO physically_RR identifiable_JJ groups_NN2 
,_, whose_DDQGE differences_NN2 were_VBDR compounded_VVN by_II their_APPGE 
membership_NN of_IO the_AT lowest_JJT socio-economic_JJ strata_NN2 of_IO 
society_NN ,_, shared_VVN by_II only_RR a_AT1 few_DA2 *'_" irresponsible_JJ 
pakehas_NP1 **'_" ._. 

^ ^_NULL Their_APPGE economic_JJ status_NN1 as_II wage_NN1 earning_VVG 
migrants_NN2 together_II21 with_II22 discrimination_NN1 among_II landlords_NN2 
led_VVN to_II their_APPGE congregating_NN1 in_II the_AT areas_NN2 of_IO 
cheapest_JJT housing_NN1 ,_, and_CC overcrowding_VVG and_CC poverty_NN1 
from_II the_AT same_DA causes_NN2 rendered_VVD Pacific_NP1 Polynesians_NN2 
visible_JJ to_II their_APPGE Pakeha_NP1 fellow_JJ citizens_NN2 in_II an_AT1 
unflattering_JJ light_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Other_JJ stereotypes_NN2 became_VVD attached_VVD to_II 
Pacific_NP1 Polynesians_NN2 ,_, again_RT as_II a_AT1 result_NN1 of_IO 
their_APPGE over-representation_NN1 in_II the_AT ranks_NN2 of_IO the_AT 
poor_JJ ,_, ill-housed_JJ and_CC overcrowded_VVD ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II 1965_MC it_PPH1 was_VBDZ suggested_VVN that_CST they_PPHS2 
were_VBDR especially_RR liable_JJ to_TO commit_VVI crimes_NN2 of_IO 
violence_NN1 when_CS under_II the_AT influence_NN1 of_IO liquor_NN1 ,_, and_CC 
that_CST they_PPHS2 came_VVD before_II the_AT notice_NN1 of_IO the_AT 
public_NN to_II a_AT1 greater_JJR extent_NN1 than_CSN their_APPGE numbers_NN2 
warranted_VVD ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB in_II 1966_MC Justice_NP1 Department_NNJ figures_NN2 
were_VBDR quoted_VVN by_II David_NP1 Ballantyne_NP1 in_II the_AT *1_NULL 
Auckland_NP1 Star_NN1 *0_NULL which_DDQ showed_VVD that_DD1 crime_NN1 was_VBDZ 
not_XX a_AT1 problem_NN1 with_IW Polynesians_NN2 ;_; 0.01_MC percent_NNU of_IO 
Islanders_NN2 had_VHD committed_VVN crimes_NN2 in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Minister_NN1 of_IO Island_NN1 Territories_NN2 {_NULL J._NP1 R._NP1 
}_NULL Hanan_NP1 was_VBDZ quoted_VVN as_RG describing_JJ Islanders_NN2 as_CSA 
*'_" probably_RR the_AT most_RGT law-abiding_JJ of_IO any_DD section_NN1 of_IO 
the_AT community_NNJ ._. 

^ **'_" |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ not_XX because_II21 of_II22 their_APPGE 
drinking_NN1 and_CC criminal_NN1 habits_VVZ that_CST Pacific_NP1 
Polynesians_NN2 encountered_VVD prejudice_NN1 ,_, but_CCB because_CS 
their_APPGE physical_JJ presence_NN1 in_II large_JJ numbers_NN2 ,_, 
together_II21 with_II22 that_DD1 of_IO growing_JJ numbers_NN2 of_IO 
migrating_VVG Maori_NP1 ,_, introduced_VVD a_AT1 brown_JJ wedge_NN1 into_II 
the_AT cosy_JJ ,_, homogeneous_JJ ,_, white_JJ society_NN in_II which_DDQ 
many_DA2 European_JJ New_JJ Zealanders_NP1 wished_VVD to_TO believe_VVI ;_; 
one_MC1 correspondent_NN1 ,_, writing_VVG on_II the_AT subject_NN1 of_IO 
Samoan_JJ immigration_NN1 ,_, said_VVD :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL 
^_NULL Auckland_NP1 ..._... is_VBZ beginning_VVG to_TO look_VVI like_II a_AT1 
huge_JJ ghetto_NN1 ._. 

^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Another_DD1 wrote_VVD :_: 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL *<_NULL *4_NULL 26_MC Selective_JJ Immigration_NN1 
*>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT desire_NN1 for_IF physical_JJ and_CC 
cultural_JJ homogeneity_NN1 had_VHD been_VBN reflected_VVN in_II New_NP 
Zealand_NP1 's_GE immigration_NN1 policy_NN1 in_II the_AT twentieth_MD 
century_NNT1 as_CC31 well_CC32 as_CC33 earlier_RRR in_II her_APPGE history_NN1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL After_CS the_AT Second_MD World_NN1 War_NN1 the_AT country_NN1 
had_VHD been_VBN faced_VVN by_II a_AT1 continuing_JJ dilemma_NN1 ;_; a_AT1 
small_JJ country_NN1 chronically_RR short_JJ of_IO population_NN1 in_II a_AT1 
world_NN1 in_II which_DDQ industrial_JJ expansion_NN1 seemed_VVD to_TO be_VBI 
the_AT only_JJ viable_JJ route_NN1 to_II a_AT1 balanced_JJ economy_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT twenty_MC year_NNT1 period_NN1 of_IO full_JJ employment_NN1 
achieved_VVN before_II 1967_MC imposed_VVD its_APPGE own_DA limitations_NN2 
on_II the_AT necessary_JJ expansion_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Immigration_NN1 was_VBDZ recognised_VVN as_CSA one_MC1 of_IO the_AT 
necessary_JJ corrective_JJ measures_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT majority_NN of_IO European_JJ New_JJ Zealanders_NP1 
were_VBDR of_IO British_JJ stock_NN1 ,_, either_RR emigrating_VVG directly_RR 
from_II Britain_NP1 or_CC coming_VVG by_II31 way_II32 of_II33 other_JJ 
British_JJ colonies_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Many_DA2 New_JJ Zealanders_NP1 liked_VVD to_TO think_VVI of_IO 
Britain_NP1 as_RG *'_" Home_RL **'_" ,_, or_CC as_CSA *'_" the_AT Old_JJ 
Country_NN1 **'_" ._. 

^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 was_VBDZ the_AT Mother_NNB Country_NP1 ,_, the_AT 
source_NN1 of_IO traditions_NN2 ,_, language_NN1 ,_, law_NN1 and_CC art_NN1 
in_II a_AT1 culture_NN1 transplanted_VVD to_II a_AT1 new_JJ environment_NN1 
,_, but_CCB expected_VVD to_TO grow_VVI into_II a_AT1 reproduction_NN1 of_IO 
its_APPGE parent_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL New_JJ entrants_NN2 to_II this_DD1 colonial_JJ but_CCB British_JJ 
society_NN were_VBDR required_VVN to_TO fit_VVI into_II the_AT established_JJ 
pattern_NN1 ,_, at_RR21 least_RR22 in_II colour_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Cultural_JJ assimilation_NN1 could_VM easily_RR be_VBI imposed_VVN 
as_CS31 long_CS32 as_CS33 the_AT immigrants_NN2 '_GE physical_JJ 
attributes_NN2 were_VBDR acceptable_JJ ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Various_JJ writers_NN2 have_VH0 recorded_VVN the_AT 
assimilatory_JJ pressures_NN2 levelled_VVD at_II various_JJ non-British_JJ 
European_JJ minority_NN1 groups_NN2 in_II the_AT nineteenth_MD century_NNT1 
,_, including_II Dalmatians_NN2 ,_, Italians_NN2 ,_, and_CC Germans_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Southern_NP1 Europeans_NP1 ,_, especially_RR Italians_NN2 and_CC 
Greeks_NN2 ,_, were_VBDR at_II times_NNT2 considered_VVD as_RG much_DA1 of_IO 
a_AT1 threat_NN1 to_II racial_JJ purity_NN1 as_CSA Chinese_JJ and_CC other_JJ 
Asians_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Migrants_NP1 sought_VVD for_IF New_NP Zealand_NP1 in_II the_AT 
mid-twentieth_MD century_NNT1 were_VBDR from_II a_AT1 narrow_JJ source_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL A_AT1 Parliamentary_JJ Committee_NNJ had_VHD been_VBN set_VVN up_RP 
in_II 1945_MC to_TO consider_VVI the_AT question_NN1 ;_; its_APPGE 
recommendation_NN1 was_VBDZ that_CST migrants_NN2 should_VM be_VBI 
carefully_RR selected_VVN according_II21 to_II22 their_APPGE skills_NN2 and_CC 
the_AT requirements_NN2 of_IO industry_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Although_CS the_AT ostensible_JJ criterion_NN1 was_VBDZ needed_VVN 
skills_NN2 ,_, an_AT1 unquestioned_JJ assumption_NN1 that_CST the_AT 
required_JJ skilled_JJ persons_NN2 would_VM only_RR be_VBI sought_VVN among_II 
people_NN of_IO British_JJ origins_NN2 did_VDD not_XX need_VVI to_TO be_VBI 
formally_RR expressed_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL Failing_VVG sufficient_JJ numbers_NN2 of_IO Britons_NN2 ,_, 
northern_JJ Europeans_NN2 were_VBDR to_TO be_VBI encouraged_VVN ,_, both_DB2 
of_IO these_DD2 categories_NN2 of_IO people_NN qualifying_VVG for_IF 
government_NN assistance_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Relatively_RR limited_JJ entry_NN1 was_VBDZ conceded_VVN to_II 
single_JJ persons_NN2 of_IO non-British_JJ nationality_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL These_DD2 measures_NN2 were_VBDR incorporated_VVN in_II the_AT 
assisted_JJ migration_NN1 scheme_NN1 of_IO 1947_MC ,_, which_DDQ was_VBDZ 
substantially_RR re-written_VVN in_II 1950_MC ,_, without_IW ,_, however_RR 
,_, broadening_VVG significantly_RR the_AT sources_NN2 of_IO immigrants_NN2 
._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II 1950_MC the_AT issue_NN1 of_IO migration_NN1 within_II 
the_AT Commonwealth_NNJ was_VBDZ discussed_VVN at_II the_AT Commonwealth_NNJ 
Parliamentary_JJ Association_NNJ 's_GE conference_NN1 under_II the_AT 
heading_NN1 *'_" Empire_NN1 Migration_NN1 Problems_NN2 **'_" ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II31 spite_II32 of_II33 the_AT dawn_NNT1 of_IO a_AT1 new_JJ 
era_NN1 of_IO overt_JJ racial_JJ equality_NN1 promoted_VVD by_II 
increasing_VVG numbers_NN2 of_IO newly_RR independent_JJ Asian_JJ and_CC 
African_JJ nations_NN2 through_II the_AT medium_NN1 of_IO United_JJ 
Nations_NN2 resolutions_NN2 and_CC other_JJ methods_NN2 of_IO diplomacy_NN1 
,_, the_AT old_JJ imperialists_NN2 could_VM be_VBI seen_VVN to_TO be_VBI in_II 
reluctant_JJ retreat_NN1 ,_, resisting_VVG the_AT development_NN1 of_IO 
multi-cultural_JJ societies_NN2 by_II clinging_VVG to_II a_AT1 form_NN1 of_IO 
migration_NN1 that_CST would_VM ensure_VVI for_IF their_APPGE nations_NN2 
continuing_VVG homogeneity_NN1 ,_, or_CC at_RR21 least_RR22 continuing_VVG 
*'_" white_JJ **'_" domination_NN1 of_IO *'_" coloured_JJ **'_" minorities_NN2 
within_II their_APPGE borders_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL {_NULL H._NP1 E._NP1 }_NULL Holt_NP1 of_IO Australia_NP1 said_VVD 
that_CST his_APPGE country_NN1 *'_" needed_VVD alien_JJ immigrants_NN2 ,_, 
but_CCB it_PPH1 was_VBDZ desirable_JJ that_CST the_AT greatest_JJT 
proportion_NN1 should_VM come_VVI of_IO British_JJ stock_NN1 ._. 

^ **'_" ^_NULL {_NULL S._NP W._NP }_NULL McNaught_NP1 of_IO Canada_NP1 
said_VVD :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL the_AT possibility_NN1 of_IO 
alien_JJ political_JJ resistance_NN1 groups_NN2 growing_VVG up_RP concerned_JJ 
Canada_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL His_APPGE country_NN1 would_VM prevent_VVI the_AT immigration_NN1 
of_IO people_NN who_PNQS could_VM not_XX be_VBI assimilated_VVN into_II 
Canada_NP1 's_GE way_NN1 of_IO life_NN1 ._. 

^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL \_NULL W._NP1 Sullivan_NP1 ,_, 
New_NP Zealand_NP1 's_GE Minister_NN1 of_IO Labour_NNJ ,_, said_VVD that_CST 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL the_AT right_JJ type_NN1 of_IO artisan_NN1 
and_CC tradesman_NN1 could_VM not_XX be_VBI procured_VVN in_II sufficient_JJ 
numbers_NN2 from_II the_AT United_NP Kingdom_NP1 ,_, so_CS New_NP Zealand_NP1 
had_VHD extended_VVN immigration_NN1 to_TO include_VVI people_NN from_II 
the_AT Netherlands_NP1 ._. 

^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL This_DD1 mild_JJ concession_NN1 
to_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 's_GE need_NN1 for_IF skilled_JJ labour_NN1 was_VBDZ 
not_XX greeted_VVN with_IW equanimity_NN1 by_II all_DB New_JJ Zealanders_NP1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT Dutch_JJ and_CC other_JJ continental_JJ Europeans_NN2 ,_, 
both_DB2 immigrants_NN2 and_CC refugees_NN2 ,_, though_CS *'_" white_JJ **'_" 
,_, were_VBDR ,_, like_II their_APPGE predecessors_NN2 in_II the_AT 
nineteenth_MD century_NNT1 ,_, greeted_VVD with_IW pressures_NN2 to_TO 
assimilate_VVI ._. 

^ ^_NULL One_MC1 correspondent_NN1 who_PNQS signed_VVD him_PPHO1 or_CC 
herself_PPX1 *'_" Had_VHD Them_PPHO2 **'_" ,_, was_VBDZ fed_JJ21 up_JJ22 
with_IW what_DDQ he_PPHS1 or_CC she_PPHS1 called_VVD the_AT post-war_JJ 
influx_NN1 of_IO *'_" the_AT rag_NN1 tag_NN1 of_IO Europe_NP1 **'_" ._. 

^ ^_NULL A_AT1 further_JJR writer_NN1 ,_, calling_VVG him_PPHO1 or_CC 
herself_PPX1 *'_" Annoyed_JJ **'_" ,_, complained_VVD because_CS Dutch_JJ 
immigrants_NN2 received_VVD a_AT1 newsletter_NN1 which_DDQ was_VBDZ 
intended_VVN to_TO keep_VVI them_PPHO2 up_JJ31 to_JJ32 date_JJ33 with_IW 
events_NN2 in_II Holland_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL *'_" Annoyed_JJ **'_" was_VBDZ supported_VVN by_II another_DD1 
correspondent_NN1 who_PNQS signed_VVD himself_PPX1 *'_" Friendly_JJ **'_" ,_, 
but_CCB wrote_VVD :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL A_AT1 
similar_JJ spirit_NN1 prompted_VVD a_AT1 Question_NN1 in_II the_AT House_NN1 
concerning_II assistance_NN1 by_II the_AT Dutch_JJ Government_NNJ to_II 
Dutch_JJ immigrants_NN2 in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL If_CS the_AT way_NN1 was_VBDZ difficult_JJ for_IF European_JJ 
immigrants_NN2 of_IO non-British_JJ origins_NN2 ,_, it_PPH1 was_VBDZ much_RR 
more_RGR difficult_JJ for_IF non-whites_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 Asians_NN2 
and_CC Polynesians_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL New_NP Zealand_NP1 's_GE assisted_JJ immigration_NN1 scheme_NN1 
favoured_VVD British_JJ entry_NN1 to_II the_AT point_NN1 of_IO virtual_JJ 
exclusion_NN1 of_IO all_DB others_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL If_CS Australians_NN2 ,_, Canadians_NN2 and_CC white_JJ South_NP 
Africans_NN2 were_VBDR counted_VVN as_CSA British_JJ ,_, then_RT in_II 1961_MC 
only_RR 2_MC percent_NNU of_IO all_DB immigrants_NN2 born_VVN outside_II 
New_NP Zealand_NP1 were_VBDR aliens_NN2 ,_, and_CC of_IO that_DD1 2_MC 
percent_NNU more_DAR than_CSN a_AT1 third_MD were_VBDR Dutch_JJ ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II 1956_MC \_NULL Dr_NNB Manikam_NP1 ,_, Asian_JJ 
Secretary_NN1 of_IO the_AT World_NN1 Council_NNJ of_IO Churches_NNJ2 ,_, 
was_VBDZ quoted_VVN as_CSA saying_VVG that_CST *'_" the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 
immigration_NN1 policy_NN1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 source_NN1 of_IO great_JJ 
irritation_NN1 in_II South_NP East_NP Asia_NP1 ._. 

^ **'_" ^_NULL A_AT1 minister_NN1 in_II Hong_NP Kong_NP1 ,_, the_AT \_NULL 
Rev._NNB \_NULL P._NP1 Jansen_NP1 ,_, reported_VVN to_II the_AT Council_NNJ 
that_CST *'_" the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 immigration_NN1 laws_NN2 seemed_VVD 
to_TO imply_VVI that_CST Asians_NN2 were_VBDR a_AT1 breed_NN1 apart_RL and_CC 
of_IO less_DAR dignity_NN1 than_CSN Europeans_NN2 ._. 

^ **'_" The_AT \_NULL Rev._NNB {_NULL F._NP1 W._NP1 }_NULL Winton_NP1 told_VVD 
the_AT Presbyterian_JJ General_NN1 Assembly_NNJ in_II 1956_MC that_CST New_NP 
Zealand_NP1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 closed_JJ country_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL *'_" It_PPH1 is_VBZ most_RGT frustrating_JJ trying_JJ to_TO get_VVI 
Asians_NN2 into_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 ..._... there_EX seems_VVZ to_TO be_VBI 
no_AT reason_NN1 for_IF refusal_NN1 ._. 

^ **'_" |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT reason_NN1 for_IF such_DA refusals_NN2 was_VBDZ 
implicit_JJ in_II the_AT idea_NN1 expressed_VVD ,_, for_REX21 example_REX22 
,_, by_II Walter_NP1 Nash_NP1 in_II 1960_MC when_RRQ he_PPHS1 stated_VVD *'_" 
^_NULL If_CSW coloured_JJ persons_NN2 were_VBDR allowed_VVN to_TO enter_VVI 
New_NP Zealand_NP1 indiscriminately_RR ..._... we_PPIS2 would_VM lose_VVI 
our_APPGE standards_NN2 ._. 

^ **'_" ^_NULL In_II fairness_NN1 to_II Nash_NP1 ,_, he_PPHS1 later_RRR 
defined_VVN these_DD2 endangered_JJ standards_NN2 as_CSA economic_JJ ,_, 
and_CC in_II any_DD case_NN1 was_VBDZ discussing_VVG the_AT possibility_NN1 
of_IO unlimited_JJ immigration_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ he_PPHS1 saw_VVD as_II a_AT1 
threat_NN1 to_II the_AT political_JJ power_NN1 of_IO the_AT existing_JJ New_NP 
Zealand_NP1 population_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB that_CST he_PPHS1 and_CC many_DA2 other_JJ New_JJ 
Zealanders_NP1 had_VHD in_II mind_NN1 the_AT undesirability_NN1 of_IO 
Asians_NN2 in_II whatever_DDQV numbers_NN2 is_VBZ borne_VVN out_RP by_II 
both_DB2 the_AT evidence_NN1 of_IO prejudice_NN1 and_CC the_AT actualities_NN2 
of_IO official_JJ policy_NN1 on_II immigration_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL An_AT1 alternative_NN1 to_II these_DD2 policies_NN2 would_VM 
have_VHI been_VBN to_TO restrict_VVI immigration_NN1 numerically_RR by_II 
annual_JJ quotas_NN2 to_II the_AT categories_NN2 of_IO persons_NN2 
possessing_VVG needed_VVN skills_NN2 ,_, and_CC to_TO accept_VVI 
immigrants_NN2 and_CC their_APPGE families_NN2 on_II the_AT basis_NN1 of_IO 
their_APPGE qualifications_NN2 regardless_RR of_IO their_APPGE country_NN1 
of_IO origin_NN1 or_CC their_APPGE colour_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II 1963_MC \_NULL Dr_NNB {_NULL B._NP1 K._NP1 }_NULL Gupta_NP1 
drew_VVD attention_NN1 to_II this_DD1 possibility_NN1 :_: 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL He_PPHS1 also_RR pointed_VVN out_RP 
,_, however_RR ,_, that_DD1 immigrant_JJ Asians_NN2 with_IW high_JJ 
qualifications_NN2 would_VM be_VBI called_VVN on_II21 to_II22 face_NN1 up_RP 
to_TO prejudice_VVI :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT 
interviewer_NN1 Arthur_NP1 Feslier_NP1 agreed_VVD :_: 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 believe_VV0 that_CST the_AT 
New_JJ Zealander_NP1 in_II all_DB truth_NN1 has_VHZ in_II his_APPGE mind_NN1 
the_AT image_NN1 of_IO the_AT Asian_JJ as_CSA being_VBG the_AT greengrocer_NN1 
._. 

^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL If_CS the_AT Asian_NN1 was_VBDZ 
welcome_JJ only_RR as_II a_AT1 greengrocer_NN1 ,_, then_RT the_AT 
Polynesian_NN1 was_VBDZ welcome_JJ only_RR as_II an_AT1 unskilled_JJ 
labourer_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT aim_NN1 of_IO the_AT introduction_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 Cook_NN1 
Islanders_NN2 '_GE migrant_JJ scheme_NN1 was_VBDZ outlined_VVN in_II 1961_MC 
by_II Leon_NP1 Gotz_NP1 ,_, then_RT Minister_NN1 for_IF Island_NN1 
Territories_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 hoped_VVD the_AT scheme_NN1 would_VM bring_VVI *'_" a_AT1 
ready_JJ response_NN1 from_II rural_JJ employers_NN2 who_PNQS want_VV0 
unskilled_JJ but_CCB easily_RR taught_VVN and_CC willing_JJ labour_NN1 ._. 

^ **'_" ^_NULL But_CCB to_II one_MC1 farmer_NN1 in_II the_AT Auckland_NP1 
province_NN1 the_AT labour_NN1 shortage_NN1 in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 and_CC 
underdevelopment_NN1 in_II the_AT Cook_NP Islands_NNL2 did_VDD not_XX 
constitute_VVI sufficient_JJ reason_NN1 to_TO welcome_VVI even_RR *'_" 
willing_JJ labour_NN1 **'_" if_CS it_PPH1 was_VBDZ coloured_VVN :_: 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Another_DD1 correspondent_NN1 in_II 
the_AT press_NN went_VVD a_RR21 little_RR22 further_RRR :_: 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL In_II February_NPM1 1970_MC the_AT 
then_JJ government_NN announced_VVD a_AT1 *'_" radical_JJ new_JJ 
immigration_NN1 policy_NN1 **'_" aimed_VVD at_II boosting_VVG the_AT total_JJ 
intake_NN1 of_IO migrants_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT *'_" radical_JJ **'_" element_NN1 was_VBDZ that_DD1 
assistance_NN1 was_VBDZ to_TO be_VBI offered_VVN for_IF the_AT first_MD 
time_NNT1 to_II semiskilled_JJ and_CC unskilled_JJ workers_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL However_RRQV the_AT migration_NN1 net_NN1 was_VBDZ also_RR to_TO 
be_VBI spread_VVN wider_JJR *-_- to_II the_AT edges_NN2 of_IO Europe_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Italy_NP1 and_CC Greece_NP1 were_VBDR judged_VVN to_TO be_VBI 
relatively_RR fitting_JJ sources_NN2 of_IO new_JJ New_JJ Zealanders_NP1 ,_, 
if_CS only_RR from_II the_AT dearth_NN1 of_IO willing_JJ *'_" better_JJR 
stock_NN1 **'_" ._. 

^ ^_NULL {_NULL M._NN1 S._NP1 }_NULL Fonoti_NP1 ,_, President_NN1 of_IO the_AT 
Samoan_JJ Progressive_JJ Movement_NNJ ,_, in_II commenting_VVG on_II the_AT 
new_JJ scheme_NN1 showed_VVD how_RGQ little_DA1 New_NP Zealand_NP1 's_GE 
immigration_NN1 policy_NN1 had_VHD changed_VVN in_II reality_NN1 :_: 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Alas_UH for_IF such_DA hopes_NN2 ,_, 
the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 Government_NNJ was_VBDZ still_RR pursuing_VVG the_AT 
goal_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 predominantly_RR white_JJ community_NNJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Skills_NN2 or_CC extra_JJ population_NN1 were_VBDR not_XX as_RG 
desirable_JJ as_CSA a_AT1 majority_NN with_IW skins_NN2 of_IO the_AT right_JJ 
shade_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL A_AT1 final_JJ irony_NN1 in_II the_AT new_JJ scheme_NN1 was_VBDZ 
the_AT introduction_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 new_JJ immigration_NN1 card_NN1 to_TO 
replace_VVI the_AT old_JJ format_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ had_VHD required_VVN all_DB 
new_JJ arrivals_NN2 to_TO nominate_VVI their_APPGE race_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL A_AT1 Labour_JJ Department_NNJ spokesman_NN1 said_VVD that_CST 
such_DA a_AT1 question_NN1 *'_" hinted_VVD at_II racial_JJ prejudice_NN1 **'_" 
._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT new_JJ immigration_NN1 card_NN1 ,_, he_PPHS1 announced_VVD ,_, 
was_VBDZ to_TO drop_VVI all_DB mention_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 visitor_NN1 's_GE 
racial_JJ origin_NN1 *'_" except_CS in_II the_AT case_NN1 of_IO 
Polynesians_NN2 **'_" ._. 

^ ^_NULL Polynesian_JJ immigration_NN1 into_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 was_VBDZ 
to_TO become_VVI a_AT1 controversial_JJ issue_NN1 in_II the_AT mid-1970s_NN2 
,_, with_IW mounting_VVG opposition_NN1 to_II the_AT *'_" influx_NN1 **[_NULL 
sic_RR **]_NULL of_IO migrants_NN2 from_II various_JJ Pacific_NP1 sources_NN2 
,_, and_CC to_II the_AT level_NN1 of_IO attempts_NN2 by_II many_DA2 of_IO 
these_DD2 to_TO remain_VVI in_II the_AT country_NN1 after_II their_APPGE 
work_NN1 or_CC holiday_NN1 entry_NN1 permits_NN2 had_VHD expired_VVN as_CSA 
permanent_JJ if_CSW illegal_JJ residents_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ clear_JJ that_CST one_MC1 of_IO the_AT primary_JJ 
concerns_NN2 of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 governments_NNJ2 was_VBDZ with_IW the_AT 
economics_NN of_IO the_AT question_NN1 ;_; how_RGQ many_DA2 migrants_NN2 of_IO 
different_JJ categories_NN2 could_VM New_NP Zealand_NP1 afford_VV0 to_TO 
accept_VVI ,_, given_VVN the_AT1 fluctuating_JJ job_NN1 supply_NN1 crises_NN2 
of_IO the_AT 1970s_MC2 ?_? 

^ ^_NULL The_AT governments_NNJ2 of_IO many_DA2 Pacific_NP1 countries_NN2 
also_RR regarded_VVN the_AT problem_NN1 as_CS economic_JJ rather_II21 
than_II22 racial_JJ ;_; in_II the_AT opinion_NN1 of_IO many_DA2 of_IO 
their_APPGE officials_NN2 the_AT migrant_JJ schemes_NN2 for_IF Pacific_NP1 
Islanders_NN2 had_VHD been_VBN developed_VVN as_II a_AT1 form_NN1 of_IO 
economic_JJ aid_NN1 ,_, rather_CS21 than_CS22 provided_CS merely_RR as_II 
a_AT1 source_NN1 of_IO labour_NN1 to_TO benefit_VVI New_NP Zealand_NP1 
industry_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL While_CS governments_NNJ2 in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 and_CC 
the_AT Pacific_NP1 were_VBDR primarily_RR concerned_JJ with_IW economic_JJ 
and_CC social_JJ welfare_NN1 issues_NN2 ,_, some_DD public_JJ reaction_NN1 
to_II the_AT random_JJ arrest_NN1 crisis_NN1 of_IO October_NPM1 1976_MC ,_, 
when_CS more_RR21 than_RR22 two_MC hundred_NNO people_NN were_VBDR 
arrested_VVN at_RR21 random_RR22 on_II Auckland_NP1 streets_NN2 on_II 
suspicion_NN1 that_CST they_PPHS2 might_VM be_VBI *'_" overstayers_NN2 **'_" 
,_, or_CC taken_VVN in_RP dawn_NNT1 raids_NN2 on_II the_AT homes_NN2 of_IO 
Polynesians_NN2 where_RRQ *'_" overstayers_NN2 **'_" were_VBDR suspected_VVN 
to_TO be_VBI hiding_VVG ,_, demonstrated_VVD the_AT continuing_JJ 
determination_NN1 of_IO many_DA2 New_JJ Zealanders_NP1 to_TO keep_VVI 
their_APPGE country_NN1 *'_" white_NN1 **'_" :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL 
|_NULL ^_NULL If_CSW Islanders_NN2 are_VBR living_VVG in_II fear_NN1 in_II 
New_NP Zealand_NP1 ..._... why_RRQ do_VD0 they_PPHS2 stay_VVI ?_? 

^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Another_DD1 letter_NN1 compared_VVD 
Pacific_NP1 Islanders_NN2 to_II West_NP Indians_NN2 in_II Britain_NP1 :_: 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Lloyd_NP1 Geering_NP1 reported_VVD 
in_II the_AT *1_NULL Auckland_NP1 Star_NN1 *0_NULL that_CST seeking_VVG out_RP 
and_CC arresting_VVG overstayers_NN2 had_VHD been_VBN compared_VVN to_II *'_" 
catching_VVG the_AT last_MD rabbit_NN1 **'_" ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 commented_VVD :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT 
raids_NN2 and_CC arrests_NN2 of_IO Polynesians_NN2 and_CC other_JJ 
brown-skinned_JJ people_NN at_RR21 random_RR22 on_II Auckland_NP1 streets_NN2 
were_VBDR made_VVN with_II41 a_II42 view_II43 to_II44 demanding_JJ 
evidence_NN1 of_IO identity_NN1 and_CC residential_JJ status_NN1 ._. 

^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 160+TEXT+F17_FO **]_NULL 

^ ^_NULL *0_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ taught_VVN as_II part_NN1 of_IO 
anthropology_NN1 *-_- alongside_II the_AT study_NN1 of_IO buried_JJ Maori_JJ 
pas_NN2 and_CC campsites_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT cities_NN2 ,_, where_RRQ 70_MC per_NNU21 cent_NNU22 
of_IO Maoris_NP2 lived_VVD in_II the_AT late_JJ 1970s_MC2 ,_, compared_VVN 
with_IW 11_MC per_NNU21 cent_NNU22 forty_MC years_NNT2 earlier_RRR ,_, low_JJ 
wages_NN2 ,_, large_JJ families_NN2 and_CC state-supplied_JJ or_CC 
subsidised_JJ housing_NN1 concentrated_VVD Maoris_NP2 in_II incipient_JJ 
brown_JJ ghettoes_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL By_II the_AT late_JJ 1960s_MC2 Maoris_NP2 had_VHD become_VVN an_AT1 
urban_JJ underclass_NN1 in_II a_AT1 European_JJ society_NN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT university_NN1 radicals_NN2 objected_VVD :_: to_II 
the_AT abandonment_NN1 of_IO things_NN2 Maori_JJ by_II their_APPGE parents_NN2 
;_; to_II their_APPGE own_DA cultural_JJ loss_NN1 ;_; to_II second-class_JJ 
status_NN1 ;_; to_II the_AT social_JJ deprivation_NN1 around_II them_PPHO2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL A_AT1 Maori_JJ Organisation_NNJ of_IO Human_JJ Rights_NN2 argued_VVD 
the_AT social_JJ case_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL A_AT1 more_RGR radical_JJ grouping_NN1 ,_, Nga_NP1 Tamatoa_NP1 (_( 
the_AT young_JJ warriors_NN2 )_) ,_, emerged_VVD in_II 1970_MC to_TO put_VVI 
a_AT1 stronger_JJR case_NN1 for_IF Maori_JJ rights_NN2 *-_- the_AT 
beginnings_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 demand_NN1 for_IF Maori_JJ control_NN1 over_II 
things_NN2 Maori_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II 1972_MC a_ZZ1 mock_JJ Maori_JJ parliament_NNJ was_VBDZ set_VVN 
up_RP in_II Parliament_NNJ grounds_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL As_CSA with_IW the_AT Vietnam_NP1 radicals_NN2 and_CC the_AT 
feminist_NN1 radicals_NN2 ,_, the_AT Maori_JJ radicals_NN2 found_VVD some_DD 
reflection_NN1 in_II the_AT 1972-75_MCMC Labour_JJ Government_NNJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL For_IF the_AT first_MD time_NNT1 in_II forty_MC years_NNT2 a_AT1 
Maori_JJ ,_, Matiu_NP1 Rata_NP1 ,_, was_VBDZ made_VVN minister_NN1 for_IF 
Maori_JJ affairs_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL One_MC1 of_IO the_AT university_NN1 radicals_NN2 ,_, Pat_NP1 
Hohepa_NP1 ,_, joined_VVD him_PPHO1 as_CSA private_JJ secretary_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL A_AT1 slow_JJ start_NN1 was_VBDZ made_VVN to_TO stop_VVI the_AT 
alienation_NN1 of_IO the_AT remaining_JJ 3_MC million_NNO acres_NNU2 of_IO 
Maori_JJ land_NN1 ,_, then_RT running_VVG at_II 70,000_MC acres_NNU2 a_AT1 
year_NNT1 (_( it_PPH1 came_VVD down_RP to_II 2000_MC acres_NNU2 a_AT1 
year_NNT1 )_) ._. 

^ ^_NULL A_AT1 Waitangi_NP1 Tribunal_NN1 was_VBDZ set_VVN up_RP to_TO hear_VVI 
grievances_NN2 based_VVN on_II Maori_JJ rights_NN2 under_II clause_NN1 2_MC 
of_IO the_AT Waitangi_NP1 Treaty_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL But_CC that_DD1 was_VBDZ not_XX enough_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II 1975_MC Te_AT Matakite_NN2 (_( the_AT seers_NN2 )_) land_NN1 
protest_NN1 movement_NN1 organised_VVD a_AT1 vast_JJ number_NN1 of_IO 
Maoris_NP2 *-_- perhaps_RR as_RG many_DA2 as_CSA 30,000_MC in_II all_DB *-_- 
who_PNQS marched_VVD on_II parliament_NNJ under_II the_AT slogan_NN1 of_IO 
*'_" not_XX one_MC1 more_DAR acre_NNU1 of_IO land_NN1 **'_" to_TO be_VBI 
alienated_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II 1977_MC protesters_NN2 occupied_VVN Bastion_NP Point_NNL1 in_II 
suburban_JJ Auckland_NP1 to_TO stop_VVI the_AT sale_NN1 of_IO the_AT land_NN1 
for_IF housing_VVG development_NN1 *-_- and_CC ,_, after_II 507_MC days_NNT2 
of_IO occupation_NN1 ,_, ending_VVG in_II a_AT1 large_JJ number_NN1 of_IO 
trials_NN2 of_IO the_AT occupiers_NN2 which_DDQ were_VBDR stopped_VVN by_II 
an_AT1 embarrassed_JJ government_NN ,_, won_VVD their_APPGE case_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT same_DA year_NNT1 Eva_NP1 Rickard_NP1 led_VVD a_AT1 
successful_JJ campaign_NN1 for_IF the_AT return_NN1 of_IO the_AT Raglan_NP1 
golf_NN1 course_NN1 to_II Maori_JJ ownership_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II 1979_MC He_PPHS1 Taua_NP1 (_( the_AT war_NN1 party_NN )_) 
forcibly_RR stopped_JJ engineering_NN1 students_NN2 at_II Auckland_NP1 
University_NNL1 performing_VVG a_AT1 mock_JJ haka_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Earlier_RRR that_DD1 year_NNT1 a_AT1 Waitangi_NP1 Action_NN1 
Committee_NNJ had_VHD disrupted_VVN the_AT annual_JJ national_JJ 
celebrations_NN2 of_IO the_AT signing_NN1 of_IO the_AT treaty_NN1 in_II 
1840_MC to_TO proclaim_VVI the_AT treaty_NN1 a_AT1 fraud_NN1 on_II the_AT 
Maori_JJ people_NN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL So_RR by_II the_AT decade_NNT1 's_GE end_NN1 Maoris_NP2 
were_VBDR succeeding_VVG by_II direct_JJ action_NN1 ,_, where_CS 
conventional_JJ methods_NN2 had_VHD failed_VVN ,_, in_II putting_VVG a_ZZ1 
spoke_VVD in_II the_AT wheel_NN1 of_IO long_JJ decline_NN1 and_CC eclipse_NN1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II late_RR 1979_MC the_AT next_MD step_NN1 was_VBDZ taken_VVN :_: 
Rata_NP1 ,_, denied_VVD front_JJ bench_NN1 status_NN1 after_II a_AT1 
reshuffle_NN1 of_IO opposition_NN1 {_NULL MP_NN1 }_NULL s_ZZ1 ,_, walked_VVN 
out_II21 of_II22 the_AT Labour_JJ party_NNJ in_II protest_NN1 at_II the_AT 
failure_NN1 to_TO appoint_VVI a_AT1 spokesman_NN1 on_II Maori_JJ affairs_NN2 
and_CC the_AT relegation_NN1 of_IO Maori_JJ interests_NN2 that_CST 
represented_VVD and_CC formed_VVD Mana_NP1 Motuhake_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT aim_NN1 was_VBDZ Maori_JJ control_NN1 of_IO Maori_JJ 
society_NN and_CC interests_VVZ *-_- a_AT1 *'_" bicultural_JJ social_JJ 
order_NN1 **'_" ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT manifesto_NN1 declared_VVD that_CST *'_" its_APPGE destiny_NN1 
is_VBZ to_TO liberate_VVI the_AT people_NN from_II the_AT domination_NN1 
and_CC manipulation_NN1 so_CS21 that_CS22 Maori_JJ society_NN is_VBZ a_AT1 
being_NN1 for_IF itself_PPX1 and_CC not_XX a_AT1 colony_NN1 inhabited_VVD 
by_II another_DD1 **'_" ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II his_APPGE report_NN1 to_II the_AT 1979_MC Labour_JJ party_NNJ 
conference_NN1 as_II chairman_NN1 of_IO the_AT Maori_JJ policy_NN1 
committee_NNJ ,_, Rata_NP1 had_VHD said_VVN :_: *'_" ^_NULL We_PPIS2 will_VM 
master_VVI our_APPGE own_DA affairs_NN2 *-_- we_PPIS2 must_VM command_VVI 
our_APPGE own_DA destiny_NN1 and_CC we_PPIS2 want_VV0 every_AT1 acre_NNU1 
of_IO land_NN1 wrongfully_RR taken_VVN from_II us_PPIO2 back_RP ._. 

^ **'_" |_NULL ^_NULL As_CSA feminist_NN1 activism_NN1 had_VHD by_II the_AT 
late_JJ 1970s_MC2 forced_VVD a_AT1 growing_JJ public_NN and_CC private_JJ 
recognition_NN1 of_IO women_NN2 's_GE grievances_NN2 and_CC rights_NN2 ,_, 
so_RG Maori_JJ activism_NN1 forced_VVD recognition_NN1 of_IO Maori_JJ 
grievances_NN2 and_CC rights_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II both_DB2 cases_NN2 there_EX was_VBDZ a_AT1 huge_JJ gap_NN1 
between_II the_AT aims_NN2 and_CC the_AT achievements_NN2 ,_, but_CCB there_EX 
were_VBDR achievements_NN2 ,_, both_RR in_II practical_JJ terms_NN2 and_CC 
in_II31 terms_II32 of_II33 a_AT1 forced_JJ awareness_NN1 ,_, both_RR 
sympathetic_JJ and_CC antipathetic_JJ ,_, of_IO the_AT issues_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL One_MC1 example_NN1 :_: by_II 1979_MC demand_VV0 to_TO learn_VVI 
the_AT Maori_JJ language_NN1 had_VHD far_RR outstripped_VVN the_AT supply_NN1 
of_IO even_RR barely_RR qualified_JJ teachers_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Feminism_NN1 and_CC Maori_JJ activism_NN1 ,_, therefore_RR ,_, 
were_VBDR manifestations_NN2 of_IO challenge_NN1 and_CC change_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL These_DD2 two_MC parts_NN2 of_IO the_AT Vietnam_NP1 big-change_JJ 
generation_NN1 were_VBDR still_RR visibly_RR active_JJ and_CC achieving_VVG 
some_DD change_NN1 ,_, even_CS21 if_CS22 there_EX was_VBDZ little_RR 
visible_JJ evidence_NN1 of_IO the_AT rest_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL And_CC their_APPGE activity_NN1 portended_VVD activity_NN1 
from_II others_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT long_JJ liberal-conservative_JJ periods_NN2 ,_, there_EX 
was_VBDZ not_XX much_RR Maori_JJ or_CC feminist_NN1 activism_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT sustained_JJ heightened_JJ activism_NN1 among_II feminists_NN2 
and_CC Maoris_NP2 in_II the_AT 1970s_MC2 was_VBDZ therefore_RR another_DD1 
sign_NN1 that_CST big_JJ change_NN1 could_VM be_VBI on_II the_AT way_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL For_IF that_DD1 to_TO occur_VVI the_AT new_JJ generation_NN1 
had_VHD to_TO take_VVI over_II the_AT levers_NN2 of_IO power_NN1 in_II the_AT 
political_JJ ,_, bureaucratic_JJ and_CC business_NN1 establishments_NN2 
which_DDQ dictated_VVD the_AT regulatory_JJ environment_NN1 and_CC the_AT 
economic_JJ rules_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL That_DD1 involves_VVZ a_AT1 long_JJ process_NN1 of_IO climbing_VVG 
up_RP hierarchical_JJ ladders_NN2 and_CC it_PPH1 usually_RR takes_VVZ until_II 
people_NN are_VBR in_II their_APPGE 30s_MC2 and_CC 40s_MC2 at_II the_AT 
earliest_JJT ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 needed_VVD to_TO be_VBI in_II the_AT upper-middle_JJ 
levels_NN2 of_IO management_NN in_II business_NN1 and_CC the_AT 
bureaucracy_NN1 (_( that_REX21 is_REX22 ,_, in_II the_AT positions_NN2 
where_RRQ the_AT options_NN2 on_II which_DDQ top_JJ management_NN or_CC 
bureaucrats_NN2 are_VBR delimited_VVN *-_- and_CC often_RR even_RR 
effectively_RR decided_VVN )_) ._. 

^ ^_NULL And_CC they_PPHS2 needed_VVD to_TO be_VBI on_II the_AT front_JJ 
benches_NN2 of_IO the_AT main_JJ political_JJ parties_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II 1979_MC that_DD1 was_VBDZ not_XX so_RR ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX were_VBDR signs_NN2 that_CST it_PPH1 was_VBDZ 
coming_VVG ._. 

^ ^_NULL Ian_NP1 Douglas_NP1 was_VBDZ the_AT fulcrum_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 
change_NN1 of_IO stance_NN1 among_II manufacturers_NN2 ,_, urging_VVG on_II 
them_PPHO2 that_DD1 government_NN policy_NN1 had_VHD ,_, however_RGQV 
little_DA1 the_AT actual_JJ movement_NN1 ,_, changed_JJ direction_NN1 on_II 
protection_NN1 policy_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL John_NP1 Hunn_NP1 was_VBDZ revolutionising_VVG the_AT Development_NN1 
Finance_NN1 Corporation_NNJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Michael_NP1 Fay_NP1 and_CC David_NP1 Richwhite_NP1 had_VHD set_VVN 
up_RP their_APPGE merchant_NN1 bank_NN1 which_DDQ would_VM five_MC years_NNT2 
later_RRR be_VBI a_AT1 force_NN1 in_II finance_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT Brierley_NP1 whizzkids_NN2 were_VBDR already_RR a_AT1 
force_NN1 on_II the_AT stock_NN1 market_NN1 and_CC Bob_NP1 Jones_NP1 on_II 
the_AT property_NN1 market_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL A_AT1 crop_NN1 of_IO small_JJ firms_NNJ2 ,_, some_DD of_IO them_PPHO2 
in_II provincial_JJ towns_NN2 like_II Allflex_NP1 in_II Palmerston_NP1 
North_NP1 and_CC Production_NN1 Engineering_NN1 in_II Marton_NP1 ,_, were_VBDR 
breaking_VVG through_RP into_II international_JJ markets_NN2 with_IW 
innovative_JJ products_NN2 that_CST sold_VVD on_II their_APPGE superiority_NN1 
of_IO design_NN1 or_CC concept_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL And_CC if_CS one_PN1 looked_VVD under_II the_AT skins_NN2 
of_IO the_AT establishments_NN2 one_PN1 could_VM see_VVI some_DD 
innovators_NN2 of_IO the_AT Vietnam_NP1 generation_NN1 thrusting_VVG 
forward_RL by_II 1979_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT back_NN1 benches_NN2 of_IO both_DB2 Labour_JJ and_CC 
National_JJ Parties_NNJ2 contained_VVD some_DD ._. 

^ ^_NULL Labour_JJ Party_NNJ conferences_NN2 were_VBDR dominated_VVN 
numerically_RR by_II people_NN with_IW a_AT1 pedigree_NN1 going_VVG 
directly_RR back_RP to_II the_AT Vietnam_NP1 protest_NN1 era_NN1 and_CC 
had_VHD taken_VVN over_II key_JJ positions_NN2 in_II the_AT Labour_JJ 
Party_NNJ organisation_NN1 ,_, including_II the_AT installation_NN1 of_IO 
their_APPGE candidate_NN1 as_II president_NN1 ,_, while_CS their_APPGE 
contemporaries_NN2 of_IO the_AT *'_" right_NN1 **'_" had_VHD made_VVN some_DD 
gains_NN2 in_II the_AT National_JJ Party_NNJ organisation_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT government_NN departments_NNJ2 things_NN2 were_VBDR 
moving_VVG ,_, too_RR :_: Graeme_NP1 Scott_NP1 and_CC Roger_NP1 Kerr_NP1 ,_, 
for_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, were_VBDR reaching_VVG policy-generating_JJ 
rank_NN1 at_II the_AT Treasury_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL So_RR was_VBDZ Rod_NN1 Deane_NP1 at_II the_AT Reserve_JJ Bank_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT bulk_NN1 of_IO the_AT big-changers_NN2 were_VBDR not_XX 
much_RR visible_JJ :_: Allan_NP1 Hawkins_NP1 ,_, founder_NN1 of_IO 
Equiticorp_NP1 in_II 1984_MC ,_, was_VBDZ buried_VVN at_II Marac_NP1 ;_; 
people_NN like_II Alan_NP1 Gibbs_NP1 and_CC Charles_NP1 Bidwill_NP1 ,_, now_RT 
heading_VVG a_AT1 resurgent_JJ Ceramco_NP1 ,_, and_CC Douglas_NP1 Myers_NP1 
,_, who_PNQS has_VHZ reconstructed_VVN and_CC re-fired_VVN a_AT1 sclerotic_JJ 
Lion_NN1 Corporation_NNJ ,_, were_VBDR in_II the_AT background_NN1 ,_, 
making_VVG money_NN1 but_CCB not_XX waves_NN2 ;_; current_JJ union_NN 
heavies_NN2 like_II Rex_NP1 Jones_NP1 of_IO the_AT engineers_NN2 and_CC 
Rick_NP1 Barker_NP1 of_IO the_AT hotel_NN1 workers_NN2 were_VBDR well_JJ 
out_II21 of_II22 sight_NN1 ;_; Helen_NP1 Clark_NP1 ,_, central_JJ figure_NN1 
in_II the_AT architecture_NN1 of_IO the_AT 1984_MC nuclear_JJ policy_NN1 
switch_NN1 ,_, had_VHD not_XX yet_RR been_VBN selected_VVN for_IF 
Parliament_NNJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL One_PN1 had_VHD to_TO look_VVI hard_RR to_TO see_VVI them_PPHO2 
and_CC use_VVI a_AT1 good_JJ deal_NN1 of_IO imagination_NN1 to_TO assess_VVI 
their_APPGE future_JJ impact_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB if_CS one_PN1 did_VDD look_VVI hard_RR ,_, they_PPHS2 
could_VM be_VBI seen_VVN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Otherwise_RR change_NN1 was_VBDZ subterranean_JJ ,_, but_CCB 
beginning_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL By_II 1979_MC considerable_JJ numbers_NN2 of_IO Vietnam_NP1 
generation_NN1 people_NN had_VHD reached_VVN middle_JJ to_II upper-middle_JJ 
management_NN in_II corporations_NNJ2 and_CC the_AT public_JJ service_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 were_VBDR generating_VVG the_AT options_NN2 from_II 
which_DDQ their_APPGE older_JJR generation_NN1 superiors_NN2 selected_VVD 
their_APPGE decisions_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Consequently_RR they_PPHS2 began_VVD to_TO have_VHI an_AT1 effect_NN1 
on_II the_AT decisions_NN2 ,_, nudging_VVG them_PPHO2 in_II the_AT 
direction_NN1 of_IO change_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL So_RR big_JJ change_NN1 lay_VVD just_RR beneath_II the_AT 
surface_NN1 by_II 1979_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 could_VM be_VBI seen_VVN just_RR beginning_VVG to_TO 
emerge_VVI on_II the_AT fringes_NN2 of_IO business_NN1 and_CC in_II the_AT 
down-table_JJ positions_NN2 in_II politics_NN ._. 

^ ^_NULL If_CS conditions_NN2 were_VBDR to_TO prove_VVI right_RR ,_, these_DD2 
people_NN could_VM bring_VVI big_JJ change_NN1 to_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 *-_- 
not_XX necessarily_RR to_TO total_VVI independence_NN1 and_CC full_JJ 
nationhood_NN1 ,_, for_IF the_AT poets_NN2 and_CC the_AT artists_NN2 had_VHD 
not_XX presaged_VVN that_CST ,_, nor_CC in_II agreed_JJ ,_, specific_JJ 
directions_NN2 ,_, for_IF their_APPGE aims_NN2 were_VBDR diverse_JJ and_CC 
there_EX was_VBDZ no_AT agreement_NN1 what_DDQ outcome_NN1 should_VM 
result_VVI ,_, but_CCB a_AT1 change_NN1 of_IO heart_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 big_JJ 
step_NN1 away_II21 from_II22 the_AT temperament_NN1 and_CC attitudes_NN2 of_IO 
the_AT previous_JJ three_MC or_CC four_MC decades_NNT2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL And_CC conditions_NN2 were_VBDR right_JJ ._. 

^ *<_NULL *4_NULL 4_MC ._. 

^ Putting_VVG on_II the_AT strain_NN1 *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Radicals_NN2 are_VBR minorities_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL If_CS they_PPHS2 want_VV0 to_TO make_VVI big_JJ change_NN1 they_PPHS2 
must_VM get_VVI the_AT majority_NN to_TO go_VVI with_IW them_PPHO2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Their_APPGE own_DA display_NN1 of_IO energy_NN1 or_CC powers_NN2 
of_IO persuasion_NN1 are_VBR not_XX enough_RR ,_, because_CS they_PPHS2 
have_VH0 to_TO compete_VVI in_II the_AT marketplace_NN1 of_IO ideas_NN2 
with_IW greater_JJR numbers_NN2 of_IO liberals_NN2 and_CC conservatives_NN2 
._. 

^ ^_NULL So_RR for_IF big_JJ change_NN1 to_TO occur_VVI ,_, the_AT people_NN 
must_VM feel_VVI under_II strain_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT more_RRR the_AT strain_NN1 ,_, the_AT more_RRR they_PPHS2 
will_VM want_VVI to_TO escape_VVI it_PPH1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL And_CC the_AT more_RRR they_PPHS2 want_VV0 to_TO escape_VVI 
strain_NN1 ,_, the_AT more_RRR they_PPHS2 will_VM be_VBI susceptible_JJ to_II 
and_CC go_NN1 along_II21 with_II22 big-change_JJ ideas_NN2 and_CC 
initiatives_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Before_CS the_AT 1890s_MC2 big-change_JJ period_NN1 ,_, 
there_EX was_VBDZ a_AT1 decade_NNT1 of_IO economic_JJ strain_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Falling_VVG prices_NN2 for_IF exports_NN2 (_( mainly_RR wool_NN1 ,_, 
wheat_NN1 and_CC other_JJ grain_NN1 ,_, and_CC gold_NN1 )_) dragged_VVD 
down_RP export_NN1 receipts_NN2 per_II head_NN1 by_II 39_MC per_NNU21 
cent_NNU22 between_II 1877_MC and_CC 1886_MC and_CC it_PPH1 took_VVD to_II 
1890_MC to_TO regain_VVI the_AT 1877_MC level_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB imports_VVZ per_II head_NN1 were_VBDR still_RR only_RR 52_MC 
per_NNU21 cent_NNU22 of_IO the_AT 1877_MC level_JJ in_II 1895_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL Manufacturing_NP1 output_NN1 declined_VVD under_II the_AT impact_NN1 
of_IO falling_VVG purchasing_JJ power_NN1 ,_, competition_NN1 from_II 
imports_NN2 at_II home_NN1 and_CC rising_VVG protectionism_NN1 abroad_RL ,_, 
particularly_RR in_II Australia_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Wages_NN2 were_VBDR cut_VVN ,_, inflation_NN1 rose_NN1 and_CC 
there_EX was_VBDZ serious_JJ unemployment_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Conditions_NN2 of_IO work_NN1 were_VBDR often_RR appalling_JJ and_CC 
living_JJ conditions_NN2 likewise_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL Economic_JJ strain_NN1 was_VBDZ compounded_VVN by_II social_JJ 
strain_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Building_NP1 up_II21 to_II22 the_AT 1930s_MC2 big-change_JJ 
period_NN1 there_EX was_VBDZ a_AT1 decade_NNT1 or_CC so_CS of_IO economic_JJ 
uncertainty_NN1 and_CC then_RT misery_NN1 ,_, coupled_VVD with_IW a_AT1 
changing_JJ moral_JJ climate_NN1 in_II which_DDQ old_JJ ,_, settled_JJ 
values_NN2 were_VBDR challenged_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT misery_NN1 came_VVD in_II the_AT early_JJ 1930s_MC2 when_RRQ 
export_NN1 prices_NN2 collapsed_VVD ,_, dragging_VVG down_RP export_NN1 
income_NN1 by_II 40_MC per_NNU21 cent_NNU22 between_II 1928-29_MCMC and_CC 
1931-32_MCMC ._. 

^ ^_NULL As_CSA in_II the_AT 1880s_MC2 (_( and_CC in_II the_AT 1980s_MC2 )_) 
farmers_NN2 were_VBDR caught_VVN in_II a_AT1 terrible_JJ vice_NN1 between_II 
debt_NN1 and_CC low_JJ prices_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT government_NN ,_, trapped_VVD between_II falling_VVG 
revenue_NN1 and_CC rising_VVG social_JJ spending_JJ commitments_NN2 ,_, 
forced_JJ wages_NN2 and_CC salaries_NN2 down_RP ,_, cut_JJ pensions_NN2 and_CC 
other_JJ welfare_NN1 payments_NN2 and_CC postponed_VVD other_JJ programmes_NN2 
,_, including_II teacher_NN1 training_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Unemployment_NN1 rocketed_VVD :_: officially_RR recorded_JJ 
unemployment_NN1 (_( those_DD2 who_PNQS qualified_VVD for_IF some_DD kind_NN1 
of_IO relief_NN1 )_) climbed_VVD to_II 80,000_MC by_II 1933_MC ,_, about_RG 
12_MC per_NNU21 cent_NNU22 of_IO the_AT workforce_NN1 *-_- but_CCB the_AT 
actual_JJ figure_NN1 was_VBDZ much_RR higher_JJR because_CS it_PPH1 
excluded_VVD women_NN2 ,_, people_NN under_RG twenty_MC ,_, people_NN with_IW 
assets_NN2 above_II a_AT1 certain_JJ minimum_NN1 and_CC people_NN who_PNQS 
did_VDD not_XX register_VVI out_II21 of_II22 pride_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Bill_NP1 Sutch_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS worked_VVD for_IF the_AT Minister_NN1 
of_IO Unemployment_NN1 ,_, Gordon_NP1 Coates_NP1 ,_, at_II the_AT time_NNT1 
,_, has_VHZ estimated_VVN that_CST the_AT total_NN1 was_VBDZ nearer_II 
100,000_MC males_NN2 ,_, or_CC about_II two-fifths_MF of_IO male_JJ 
workers_NN2 between_II sixteen_MC and_CC sixty-five_MC ,_, excluding_VVG 
civil_JJ servants_NN2 ,_, farmers_NN2 and_CC self-employed_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Families_NN2 were_VBDR broken_VVN up_RP because_CS unemployed_JJ 
had_VHD to_TO do_VDI *'_" relief_NN1 work_NN1 **'_" ,_, often_RR at_II 
remote_JJ camps_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II 1932_MC there_EX were_VBDR uncontrollable_JJ street_NN1 
riots_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Economic_JJ and_CC social_JJ strain_NN1 was_VBDZ at_II a_AT1 
level_NN1 not_XX experienced_VVN before_RT ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT people_NN were_VBDR ready_JJ for_IF big_JJ change_NN1 in_II 
the_AT late_JJ 1930s_MC2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT economy_NN1 revived_VVD slowly_RR from_II 1933_MC on_RP 
and_CC quickly_RR after_II the_AT Second_MD World_NN1 War_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Unemployment_NN1 was_VBDZ microscopic_JJ ,_, averaging_VVG 0.07_MC 
per_NNU21 cent_NNU22 from_II 1955_MC to_II 1964_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL Incomes_NN2 rose_VVD steadily_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT terms_NN2 of_IO trade_NN1 were_VBDR fairly_RR stable_JJ and_CC 
the_AT balance_NN1 of_IO payments_NN2 did_VDD not_XX get_VVI into_II 
serious_JJ trouble_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ little_RR challenge_VV0 to_TO New_NP Zealand_NP1 
's_GE sense_NN1 of_IO its_APPGE place_NN1 in_II the_AT world_NN1 or_CC the_AT 
established_JJ morals_NN2 and_CC conventions_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL So_RR the_AT restrained_JJ liberal-conservative_NN1 approach_VV0 
to_TO change_VVI prevailed_JJ ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL From_II 1965_MC ,_, however_RR ,_, strain_NN1 began_VVD to_TO 
grow_VVI ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT terms_NN2 of_IO trade_NN1 dipped_VVD in_II 1966_MC with_IW 
a_AT1 fall_NN1 in_II wool_NN1 prices_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Unemployment_NN1 nudged_VVD 1_MC1 per_NNU21 cent_NNU22 in_II 1968_MC 
._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT Vietnam_NP1 generation_NN1 upset_VVN the_AT placidity_NN1 
of_IO society_NN with_IW their_APPGE protests_NN2 ,_, disruptions_NN2 of_IO 
political_JJ meetings_NN2 (_( Keith_NP1 Holyoake_NP1 's_GE opening_NN1 
election_NN1 campaign_NN1 meeting_VVG in_II 1969_MC was_VBDZ wrecked_VVN by_II 
chanting_VVG demonstrators_NN2 )_) ,_, flouting_VVG of_IO accepted_JJ 
sexual_JJ morals_NN2 and_CC disregard_NN1 of_IO security_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB in_II the_AT early_JJ 1970s_MC2 the_AT protests_NN2 
abated_VVD some_DD and_CC the_AT terms_NN2 of_IO trade_NN1 turned_VVD back_RP 
up_RP ._. 

^ ^_NULL Perhaps_RR ,_, people_NN thought_VVD ,_, the_AT late_JJ 1960s_MC2 
were_VBDR just_RR a_AT1 blip_NN1 and_CC the_AT quest_NN1 for_IF prosperity_NN1 
and_CC continuity_NN1 would_VM be_VBI resumed_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL A_AT1 National_JJ Development_NN1 Conference_NNJ in_II 1968-69_MCMC 
confidently_RR targeted_VVD ten_MC years_NNT2 of_IO steady_JJ growth_NN1 ,_, 
projecting_VVG the_AT 1960s_MC2 pretty_JJ well_RR unchanged_JJ towards_II 
the_AT 1980s_MC2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT blip_NN1 turned_VVD out_RP instead_RR to_TO be_VBI 
the_AT early_JJ 1970s_MC2 recovery_NN1 ._. 

^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 161+TEXT+F18_FO **]_NULL 

^ *|_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT National_JJ Party_NNJ has_VHZ had_VHN 
somewhat_RR more_DAR success_NN1 maintaining_VVG a_AT1 youth_NN1 
organisation_NN1 than_CSN it_PPH1 has_VHZ a_AT1 Maori_JJ organisation_NN1 
over_II the_AT past_JJ 50_MC years_NNT2 despite_II the_AT fact_NN1 that_CST 
Junior_JJ or_CC Young_JJ National_JJ activity_NN1 has_VHZ periodically_RR 
fluctuated_VVN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Members_NN2 of_IO the_AT Junior_JJ Reform_NN1 League_NNJ ,_, 
who_PNQS in_II 1938_MC comprised_VVD two-thirds_MF of_IO the_AT members_NN2 
of_IO the_AT divisional_JJ executive_NN ,_, were_VBDR active_JJ in_II 
establishing_VVG the_AT Auckland_NP1 Division_NNJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT first_MD Junior_JJ Nationals_NP1 '_GE ball_NN1 in_II 
Auckland_NP1 was_VBDZ held_VVN in_II August_NPM1 1938_MC ,_, arranged_VVN 
by_II a_AT1 committee_NNJ of_IO 13_MC young_JJ women_NN2 and_CC five_MC 
young_JJ men_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II 1939_MC {_NULL H._NP1 G._NP1 }_NULL Curran_NP1 was_VBDZ 
appointed_JJ Dominion_NN1 youth_NN1 organiser_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL His_APPGE task_NN1 was_VBDZ to_TO create_VVI *'_" a_AT1 live_JJ 
youth_NN1 movement_NN1 **'_" based_VVN on_II the_AT principles_NN2 of_IO *'_" 
freedom_NN1 ,_, Christianity_NN1 ,_, British_JJ Democracy_NN1 ,_, the_AT 
Crown_NN1 ,_, family_NN life_NN1 ,_, independence_NN1 [_( and_CC ]_) 
personal_JJ service_NN1 and_CC sacrifice_NN1 **'_" ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT outbreak_NN1 of_IO war_NN1 a_DD221 few_DD222 months_NNT2 
later_RRR saw_VVD the_AT project_NN1 abandoned_VVD ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II May_NPM1 1944_MC the_AT Wellington_NP1 Division_NNJ 
appointed_VVD \_NULL H._NP1 Fiddes_NP1 of_IO Napier_NP1 as_II organiser_NN1 
of_IO young_JJ people_NN 's_GE activities_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL When_CS he_PPHS1 resigned_VVD in_II October_NPM1 of_IO the_AT same_DA 
year_NNT1 ,_, 20_MC Junior_JJ branches_NN2 were_VBDR operating_VVG in_II 
the_AT division_NNJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 were_VBDR advised_VVN and_CC supervised_VVN by_II 
older_JJR mentors_NN2 from_II the_AT electorates_NN2 concerned_JJ ,_, who_PNQS 
also_RR over_II the_AT years_NNT2 had_VHD to_TO subsidise_VVI financially_RR 
their_APPGE usually_RR impecunious_JJ Junior_JJ sections_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Eric_NP1 Pryor_NP1 was_VBDZ asked_VVN to_TO continue_VVI Fiddes_NP1 
's_GE work_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL By_II 1947_MC ,_, when_CS {_NULL L._NP1 W._NP1 A._NP1 }_NULL 
Foster_NP1 became_VVD the_AT Wellington_NP1 divisional_JJ youth_NN1 
organiser_NN1 ,_, there_EX were_VBDR 37_MC Junior_JJ branches_NN2 in_II 
that_DD1 division_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT chairman_NN1 of_IO the_AT Auckland_NP1 Division_NNJ ,_, 
Alex_NP1 McKenzie_NP1 ,_, later_RRR in_II 1944_MC asked_VVD \_NULL Dr_NNB 
James_NP1 Rutherford_NP1 ,_, Professor_NN1 of_IO History_NN1 at_II 
Auckland_NP1 University_NNL1 College_NN1 ,_, if_CS he_PPHS1 would_VM 
establish_VVI such_DA a_AT1 Junior_JJ organisation_NN1 in_II Auckland_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Membership_NN would_VM be_VBI open_JJ to_II anyone_PN1 over_II the_AT 
age_NN1 of_IO 12_MC but_CCB particularly_RR in_II the_AT 17_MC to_II 28_MC 
range_NN1 and_CC the_AT recruitment_NN1 of_IO young_JJ returned_JJ 
servicemen_NN2 was_VBDZ given_VVN priority_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT first_MD formal_JJ meeting_NN1 of_IO the_AT Auckland_NP1 
Juniors_NN2 was_VBDZ held_VVN on_II 21_MC September_NPM1 1944_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL Rutherford_NP1 was_VBDZ elected_JJ president_NN1 and_CC Marjorie_NP1 
Gadsby_NP1 secretary_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL By_II 1946_MC Rutherford_NP1 had_VHD developed_VVN an_AT1 
Auckland_NP1 Junior_JJ section_NN1 of_IO 480_MC members_NN2 with_IW a_AT1 
social_JJ activities_NN2 committee_NNJ and_CC a_AT1 second_NNT1 educational_JJ 
and_CC political_JJ committee_NNJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL By_II 1947_MC the_AT membership_NN had_VHD more_RRR than_CSN 
doubled_VVN to_II 1,056_MC ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL With_IW the_AT rapid_JJ development_NN1 of_IO similar_JJ 
Junior_JJ sections_NN2 throughout_II the_AT country_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 rally_NN1 
attended_VVD by_II 120_MC Junior_JJ delegates_NN2 was_VBDZ held_VVN in_II 
Palmerston_NP1 North_NP1 in_II March_NPM1 1946_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II 1947_MC Canterbury-Westland_NP1 emulated_VVD Wellington_NP1 
by_II appointing_VVG a_AT1 full-time_JJ Junior_JJ organiser_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II Wellington_NP1 six_MC Juniors_NN2 were_VBDR co-opted_VVN to_II 
the_AT divisional_JJ executive_NN ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II Auckland_NP1 Peter_NP1 Dempsey_NP1 replaced_VVD Rutherford_NP1 
as_CSA Junior_JJ president_NN1 and_CC was_VBDZ himself_PPX1 succeeded_VVN 
in_II 1948_MC by_II Robert_NP1 Muldoon_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL With_IW Gadsby_NP1 as_CSA their_APPGE secretary_NN1 ,_, 
Rutherford_NP1 ,_, Dempsey_NP1 and_CC Muldoon_NP1 created_VVD an_AT1 
Auckland_NP1 Junior_JJ National_JJ movement_NN1 that_CST by_II 1949_MC 
numbered_VVD in_II31 excess_II32 of_II33 2,500_MC in_II some_DD dozen_NNO 
branches_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II Wellington_NP1 the_AT growth_NN1 was_VBDZ even_RR more_RGR 
remarkable_JJ with_IW 3,500_MC Juniors_NN2 enrolled_VVN before_II the_AT 
1949_MC election_NN1 and_CC producing_VVG such_DA future_JJ prominent_JJ 
activists_NN2 as_CSA George_NP1 Chapman_NP1 and_CC Allan_NP1 Highet_NP1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT late_JJ 1940s_MC2 and_CC the_AT 1950s_MC2 were_VBDR 
in_II many_DA2 ways_NN2 a_ZZ1 return_VV0 to_II normality_NN1 after_II 
years_NNT2 of_IO depression_NN1 and_CC war_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Life_NN1 was_VBDZ at_RR21 last_RR22 relatively_RR uncomplicated_JJ 
,_, stable_JJ and_CC prosperous_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL That_DD1 was_VBDZ reflected_VVN in_II the_AT activities_NN2 of_IO 
the_AT Junior_JJ Nationals_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Dances_NN2 ,_, socials_NN2 ,_, barbecues_NN2 ,_, picnics_NN2 ,_, 
indoor_JJ games_NN2 evenings_NNT2 ,_, tennis_NN1 evenings_NNT2 ,_, golf_NN1 
tournaments_NN2 ,_, trips_VVZ to_II the_AT mountains_NN2 ,_, weekend_NNT1 
camps_NN2 and_CC ,_, in_II31 conjunction_II32 with_II33 the_AT party_NN 's_GE 
women_NN2 's_GE sections_NN2 ,_, debutante_NN1 balls_NN2 were_VBDR used_VVN 
to_TO attract_VVI and_CC retain_VVI the_AT Junior_JJ members_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Some_DD indication_NN1 of_IO Junior_JJ activity_NN1 is_VBZ given_VVN 
in_II the_AT Dunedin_NP City_NNL1 combined_VVD junior_JJ **[_NULL sic_RR 
**]_NULL sections_NN2 '_GE annual_JJ report_NN1 for_IF 1950_MC ._. 

^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL They_PPHS2 also_RR produced_VVD 
a_AT1 12-page_JJ monthly_JJ newsletter_NN1 ,_, *1_NULL Attack_NN1 ,_, *0_NULL 
visited_VVD Coronet_NP1 Peak_NN1 ,_, and_CC helped_VVN with_IW a_AT1 
debutante_NN1 ball_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT Canterbury-Westland_NP1 Division_NNJ the_AT Juniors_NN2 
in_II the_AT early_JJ 1950s_MC2 were_VBDR actively_RR fundraising_VVG to_TO 
build_VVI an_AT1 alpine_JJ ski_NN1 hut_NN1 and_CC visiting_VVG Arthur_NP1 
's_GE Pass_NN1 ,_, Hanmer_NP1 ,_, Mount_NNL1 Cook_NP ,_, Picton_NP1 and_CC 
Peel_NP Forest_NNL1 for_IF weekends_NNT2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT South_NP Auckland_NP1 Division_NNJ ,_, a_AT1 very_RG 
popular_JJ Easter_NNT1 Camp_NP1 was_VBDZ held_VVN under_II canvas_NN1 at_II 
\_NULL Mt_NNL1 Maunganui_NP for_IF a_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO years_NNT2 from_II 
1947_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL Informal_JJ social_NN1 get-togethers_VVZ over_II tea_NN1 and_CC 
table_NN1 tennis_NN1 were_VBDR also_RR popular_JJ in_II the_AT rooms_NN2 
set_VV0 aside_RL for_IF the_AT Juniors_NN2 in_II the_AT National_JJ Party_NNJ 
centres_NN2 in_II the_AT main_JJ cities_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Although_CS most_DAT ,_, but_CCB not_XX all_DB ,_, Junior_JJ 
Nationals_NP1 were_VBDR from_II anti-Labour_JJ homes_NN2 ,_, politics_NN 
was_VBDZ the_AT least_RGT important_JJ reason_NN1 for_IF joining_VVG ._. 

^ ^_NULL Most_DAT Junior_JJ members_NN2 were_VBDR interested_VVN primarily_RR 
and_CC some_DD exclusively_RR in_II having_VHG fun_NN1 ,_, not_XX in_II 
trying_VVG to_TO solve_VVI the_AT problems_NN2 of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 or_CC 
the_AT world_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Although_CS they_PPHS2 repeatedly_RR had_VHN to_TO refute_VVI 
their_APPGE reputation_NN1 as_II a_AT1 wealthy_JJ ,_, elitist_NN1 social_JJ 
set_NN1 ,_, the_AT Junior_JJ Nationals_NP1 were_VBDR for_IF most_DAT of_IO 
their_APPGE history_NN1 very_RG much_RR a_AT1 broad-based_JJ community_NNJ 
social_JJ club_NN for_IF young_JJ people_NN ._. 

^ ^_NULL Many_DA2 met_VVD their_APPGE future_JJ husbands_NN2 and_CC wives_NN2 
there_RL *-_- for_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, Rob_NP1 and_CC Thea_NP1 Muldoon_NP1 
,_, and_CC George_NP1 and_CC Jacqueline_NP1 Chapman_NP1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Debating_NP1 ,_, not_XX only_RR for_IF entertainment_NN1 
but_CCB to_TO train_VVI young_JJ people_NN in_RR21 public_RR22 speaking_VVG 
,_, researching_VVG material_NN1 ,_, organising_VVG arguments_NN2 and_CC 
chairing_VVG meetings_NN2 was_VBDZ a_AT1 popular_JJ activity_NN1 among_II 
a_AT1 minority_NN1 of_IO Juniors_NN2 ,_, including_II 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL the_AT few_DA2 who_PNQS were_VBDR politically_RR 
aware_JJ or_CC ambitious_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Various_JJ trophies_NN2 were_VBDR donated_VVN for_IF debating_VVG 
competition_NN1 within_II the_AT divisions_NN2 :_: the_AT Fels-Michelle_NP1 
Shield_NN1 in_II Otago-Southland_NP1 ,_, the_AT McKenzie_NP1 Trophy_NN1 in_II 
Auckland_NP1 ,_, the_AT Walsh_NP1 Cup_NN1 in_II South_NP Auckland_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT best_JJT debating_JJ teams_NN2 from_II each_DD1 division_NNJ 
competed_VVD for_IF the_AT Westminster_NP1 Shield_NN1 with_IW the_AT best_JJT 
individual_JJ speaker_NN1 receiving_VVG the_AT Holyoake_NP1 Cup_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL There_EX were_VBDR other_JJ trophies_NN2 and_CC competitions_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II Waikato_NP1 ,_, for_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, the_AT Ross_NP1 
Trophy_NN1 went_VVD to_II the_AT Junior_JJ section_NN1 gaining_VVG the_AT 
most_RGT new_JJ members_NN2 or_CC sending_VVG in_II the_AT best_JJT 
12-point_JJ policy_NN1 proposals_NN2 ,_, and_CC the_AT Holland_NP1 Trophy_NN1 
,_, originally_RR donated_VVD for_IF inter-branch_JJ sport_NN1 ,_, was_VBDZ 
later_RRR awarded_VVN for_IF essay-writing_NN1 on_II such_DA topics_NN2 as_CSA 
*'_" Self-help_JJ against_II state_NN1 control_NN1 **'_" ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL At_II various_JJ times_NNT2 and_CC for_IF usually_RR only_RR 
brief_JJ periods_NN2 a_AT1 succession_NN1 of_IO Junior_JJ newsletters_NN2 
appeared_VVN ,_, such_II21 as_II22 Dunedin_NP1 's_GE *1_NULL Attack_NN1 ,_, 
*0_NULL Canterbury-Westland_NP1 's_GE *1_NULL Action_NN1 ,_, *0_NULL 
Auckland_NP1 's_GE *1_NULL Junior_NP1 News_NP1 ,_, Newsreel_NN1 *0_NULL and_CC 
*1_NULL Junior_JJ Parade_NP1 ,_, *0_NULL or_CC the_AT Dominion_NN1 Young_NP1 
Nationals_NP1 '_GE *1_NULL Awatea_NP1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL One_MC1 thing_NN1 Alex_NP1 McKenzie_NP1 ,_, as_CSA 
Auckland_NP1 divisional_JJ chairman_NN1 and_CC later_JJR Dominion_NN1 
president_NN1 of_IO the_AT party_NN ,_, prohibited_VVD was_VBDZ the_AT 
making_NN1 of_IO public_JJ statements_NN2 by_II the_AT Juniors_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Statements_NN2 by_II inexperienced_JJ and_CC usually_RR 
ill-informed_JJ Juniors_NN2 ,_, he_PPHS1 believed_VVD ,_, could_VM well_RR 
be_VBI taken_VVN as_CSA official_JJ party_NN policy_NN1 or_CC opinion_NN1 
to_II the_AT party_NN 's_GE detriment_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Because_CS at_II that_DD1 time_NNT1 young_JJ people_NN ,_, with_IW 
only_RR a_AT1 few_DA2 exceptions_NN2 ,_, were_VBDR much_RR less_RGR 
opinionated_JJ and_CC more_RGR deferential_JJ in_II every_AT1 way_NN1 to_II 
their_APPGE elders_NN2 than_CSN they_PPHS2 were_VBDR later_JJR to_TO 
become_VVI ,_, they_PPHS2 accepted_VVD the_AT restriction_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL One_PN1 has_VHZ the_AT suspicion_NN1 that_CST even_CS21 if_CS22 
they_PPHS2 had_VHD been_VBN more_RGR outspoken_JJ ,_, their_APPGE views_NN2 
on_II policy_NN1 would_VM not_XX have_VHI carried_VVN much_DA1 weight_NN1 
in_II the_AT upper_JJ levels_NN2 of_IO the_AT party_NN where_RRQ many_DA2 
regarded_VVD the_AT Juniors_NN2 with_IW paternal_JJ tolerance_NN1 as_II a_AT1 
necessary_JJ burden_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT continuity_NN1 and_CC often_RR the_AT motivation_NN1 
for_IF Junior_JJ activity_NN1 depended_VVD on_II the_AT interest_NN1 of_IO 
a_DD221 few_DD222 senior_JJ advisors_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 Theo_NP1 Hills_NN2 
and_CC Laurie_NP1 Cleal_NP1 in_II Wellington_NP1 ;_; Morris_NP1 
Friedlander_NP1 ,_, Trevor_NP1 Barber_NP1 and_CC Jim_NP1 Yendell_NP1 in_II 
South_NP Auckland_NP1 ;_; or_CC Harold_NP1 McLeod_NP1 and_CC {_NULL G._NP1 
N._NP1 }_NULL Carroll_NP1 in_II Dunedin_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 were_VBDR usually_RR assisted_VVN at_II any_DD given_JJ 
time_NNT1 by_II one_MC1 or_CC two_MC able_JJ and_CC enthusiastic_JJ Junior_JJ 
office-holders_NN2 :_: Muldoon_NP1 and_CC Gadsby_NP1 in_II Auckland_NP1 ;_; 
Joyce_NP1 Bulger_NP1 in_II Dunedin_NP1 ;_; Derek_NP1 Round_RP in_II 
Christchurch_NP1 ;_; or_CC Darcy_NP1 Morrow_NP1 in_II Hamilton_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL As_CSA with_IW many_DA2 church_NN1 or_CC other_JJ youth_NN1 
groups_NN2 ,_, there_EX developed_VVD a_AT1 regular_JJ cycle_NN1 of_IO 
activity_NN1 and_CC inactivity_NN1 ,_, increasing_VVG membership_NN and_CC 
falling_VVG numbers_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL As_CSA young_JJ activists_NN2 married_VVN ,_, shifted_JJ district_NN1 
,_, became_VVD more_RGR involved_JJ in_II establishing_VVG their_APPGE 
careers_NN2 and_CC families_NN2 ,_, so_CS there_EX had_VHD to_TO be_VBI 
repeated_VVN recruitment_NN1 and_CC retraining_VVG to_TO replenish_VVI the_AT 
ranks_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL A_DD221 few_DD222 exceptional_JJ Juniors_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 
Muldoon_NP1 and_CC Chapman_NP1 stayed_VVD on_RP to_TO become_VVI leader_NN1 
and_CC president_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Similarly_RR ,_, Graham_NP1 Johnstone_NP1 ,_, John_NP1 Tremewan_NP1 
and_CC James_NP1 Austin_NP1 became_VVD the_AT directors_NN2 respectively_RR 
of_IO the_AT Canterbury-Westland_NP1 ,_, Auckland_NP1 and_CC Wellington_NP1 
Divisions_NNJ2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Others_NN2 returned_VVD later_RRR in_II life_NN1 to_II the_AT 
senior_JJ organisation_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Most_DAT continued_VVN to_TO identify_VVI with_IW and_CC vote_NN1 
for_IF the_AT party_NN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL By_II the_AT mid-fifties_MC2 ,_, after_II five_MC years_NNT2 
of_IO steady_JJ numerical_JJ decline_NN1 throughout_II the_AT country_NN1 ,_, 
the_AT Junior_JJ National_JJ movement_NN1 was_VBDZ struggling_VVG even_RR 
to_TO survive_VVI ._. 

^ ^_NULL Only_RR in_II the_AT Wellington_NP1 Division_NNJ were_VBDR the_AT 
Juniors_NN2 ,_, with_IW a_AT1 great_JJ deal_NN1 of_IO help_NN1 from_II the_AT 
senior_JJ organisation_NN1 ,_, able_JJ to_TO resist_VVI the_AT decline_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL By_II 1958_MC Wellington_NP1 had_VHD 27_MC of_IO the_AT 46_MC 
Junior_JJ branches_NN2 still_RR functioning_VVG in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 
and_CC 2,200_MC of_IO the_AT 3,999_MC financial_JJ members_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL There_RL the_AT Juniors_NN2 balanced_VVD social_JJ ,_, educational_JJ 
and_CC political_JJ activities_NN2 including_II a_AT1 rally_NN1 in_II 
Hastings_NP1 in_II October_NPM1 1958_MC attended_VVD by_II 500_MC people_NN 
._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Elsewhere_RL the_AT Junior_JJ scene_NN1 was_VBDZ one_MC1 of_IO 
almost_RR unrelieved_JJ gloom_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT Otago-Southland_NP1 Division_NNJ only_RR the_AT 
Oamaru_NP1 Junior_JJ branch_NN1 ,_, where_CS debating_VVG was_VBDZ very_RG 
popular_JJ ,_, survived_VVD ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT Southland_NP1 Juniors_NN2 went_VVD into_II recess_NN1 in_II 
1954_MC and_CC the_AT combined_JJ Dunedin_NP1 Junior_JJ section_NN1 in_II 
1956_MC ,_, neither_RR being_VBG revived_VVN until_II 1960_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT Canterbury-Westland_NP1 Division_NNJ only_RR two_MC 
Junior_JJ branches_NN2 *-_- Selwyn_NP1 and_CC \_NULL St_NP Albans_NP1 *-_- 
remained_VVD active_JJ by_II 1957_MC and_CC their_APPGE memberships_NN2 
were_VBDR decimated_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL Waikato_NP1 ,_, which_DDQ managed_VVD to_TO retain_VVI a_AT1 
Junior_JJ presence_NN1 in_II seven_MC electorates_NN2 ,_, was_VBDZ only_RR 
a_AT1 shadow_NN1 of_IO previous_JJ years_NNT2 as_II the_AT Junior_JJ 
branches_NN2 at_II Otorohanga_NP1 ,_, Te_AT Kuiti_NN1 ,_, Taumarunui_NP1 
and_CC Whakatane_NP1 went_VVD out_II21 of_II22 existence_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II Auckland_NP1 the_AT membership_NN was_VBDZ halved_VVN ,_, 
even_CS21 though_CS22 new_JJ leaders_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 Tremewan_NP1 
were_VBDR emerging_VVG and_CC two_MC active_JJ juniors_NN2 **[_NULL sic_RR 
**]_NULL ,_, Jonathan_NP1 Hunt_NP1 and_CC Terry_NP1 Power_NP1 ,_, both_RR 
history_NN1 students_NN2 at_II Auckland_NP1 University_NNL1 ,_, had_VHD 
formed_VVN the_AT University_NN1 Progressive_JJ Conservative_NN1 Club_NNJ 
as_II a_AT1 platform_NN1 from_II which_DDQ National_JJ {_NULL MP_NN1 }_NULL 
s_ZZ1 could_VM speak_VVI to_II student_NN1 audiences_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT undeniable_JJ decline_NN1 in_II members_NN2 and_CC 
activity_NN1 was_VBDZ only_JJ part_NN1 of_IO the_AT problem_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Some_DD senior_JJ party_NN officials_NN2 discerned_VVD a_AT1 
qualitative_JJ deterioration_NN1 as_RR21 well_RR22 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT new_JJ secretary_NN1 of_IO the_AT Auckland_NP1 Division_NNJ 
,_, Bob_NP1 Reid_NP1 ,_, observed_VVD that_CST the_AT Auckland_NP1 Juniors_NN2 
*'_" were_VBDR out_II21 of_II22 hand_NN1 and_CC their_APPGE standard_NN1 of_IO 
conduct_NN1 was_VBDZ not_XX satisfactory_JJ **'_" ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 took_VVD steps_NN2 to_TO reduce_VVI the_AT numbers_NN2 
and_CC improve_VVI the_AT quality_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL His_APPGE concern_NN1 was_VBDZ shared_VVN by_II Holyoake_NP1 ,_, 
who_PNQS warned_VVD against_II the_AT growing_JJ tendency_NN1 for_IF 
inexperienced_JJ young_JJ people_NN to_TO criticise_VVI the_AT party_NN 
rather_CS21 than_CS22 display_VVI understanding_VVG ,_, tolerance_NN1 and_CC 
loyalty_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT general_JJ secretary_NN1 ,_, Theo_NP Hills_NNL2 ,_, was_VBDZ 
more_RGR specific_JJ ;_; constructive_JJ criticism_NN1 within_II the_AT 
family_NN was_VBDZ acceptable_JJ but_CCB outside_RL it_PPH1 should_VM be_VBI 
the_AT party_NN right_NN or_CC wrong_JJ ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL On_II 14_MC February_NPM1 1957_MC McKenzie_NP1 convened_VVD 
a_AT1 meeting_NN1 of_IO divisional_JJ chairmen_NN2 and_CC secretaries_NN2 
in_II Wellington_NP1 to_TO consider_VVI a_AT1 paper_NN1 prepared_VVN on_II 
the_AT Junior_JJ Nationals_NP1 by_II Hills_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ decided_VVN ,_, because_II21 of_II22 the_AT 
difficulty_NN1 in_II finding_VVG sufficient_JJ active_JJ members_NN2 
especially_RR in_II weaker_JJR electorates_NN2 ,_, to_TO organise_VVI the_AT 
Juniors_NN2 in_II future_NN1 more_RRR on_II a_AT1 divisional_JJ than_CSN on_II 
an_AT1 electorate_JJ basis_NN1 ;_; to_TO terminate_VVI membership_NN at_II 
25_MC ;_; to_TO encourage_VVI the_AT formation_NN1 of_IO Junior_JJ advisory_JJ 
committees_NNJ2 ;_; and_CC to_TO organise_VVI under_II the_AT Dominion_NN1 
president_NN1 's_VBZ chairmanship_NN1 a_AT1 two-day_JJ meeting_NN1 in_II 
Wellington_NP1 in_II May_NPM1 of_IO each_DD1 year_NNT1 and_CC attended_VVD 
by_II two_MC Junior_JJ representatives_NN2 from_II each_DD1 division_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Suggested_JJ programmes_NN2 for_IF a_AT1 year_NNT1 's_GE 
activities_NN2 ,_, down_RP to_II detailed_JJ menus_NN2 and_CC catering_VVG 
hints_NN2 for_IF luncheons_NN2 ,_, dinners_NN2 ,_, suppers_NN2 and_CC camp_NN1 
meals_NN2 were_VBDR prepared_VVN and_CC distributed_VVN by_II Dominion_NN1 
headquarters_NN ._. 

^ ^_NULL A_AT1 code_NN1 of_IO conduct_NN1 was_VBDZ drawn_VVN up_RP ,_, 
stressing_VVG high_JJ standards_NN2 of_IO personal_JJ behaviour_NN1 ,_, 
commitment_NN1 to_II the_AT success_NN1 of_IO the_AT Juniors_NN2 '_GE 
activities_NN2 ,_, tolerance_NN1 to_II others_NN2 ,_, loyalty_NN1 to_II the_AT 
party_NN ,_, and_CC willingness_NN1 to_TO work_VVI for_IF it_PPH1 ,_, for_IF 
New_NP Zealand_NP1 ,_, for_IF the_AT Commonwealth_NNJ ,_, and_CC for_IF *'_" 
peace_NN1 and_CC harmony_NN1 **'_" in_II the_AT world_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II the_AT early_JJ 1960s_MC2 the_AT Junior_JJ Nationals_NP1 
experienced_VVD a_AT1 partial_JJ revival_NN1 ,_, though_CS attracting_VVG 
a_AT1 younger_JJR age_NN1 group_NN than_CSN immediately_RR after_II the_AT 
war_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II 1961_MC discussion_NN1 groups_NN2 called_VVN *'_" The_AT 
Churchillians_NP2 **'_" were_VBDR set_VVN up_RP to_TO discuss_VVI notes_NN2 
and_CC papers_NN2 prepared_VVN by_II Dominion_NN1 headquarters_NN on_II 
such_DA subjects_NN2 as_CSA *'_" ^_NULL Should_VM Parliamentary_JJ 
Procedure_NN1 be_VBI Reformed_JJ ,_, and_CC How_RRQ ?_? 

^ **'_" ._. 

^ ^_NULL Efforts_NN2 were_VBDR made_VVN to_TO establish_VVI a_AT1 National_JJ 
presence_NN1 on_II every_AT1 university_NN1 campus_NN1 to_TO counter_VVI 
the_AT dramatically_RR growing_JJ Labour_JJ activity_NN1 there_RL ,_, 
which_DDQ may_VM well_RR have_VHI had_VHN an_AT1 influence_NN1 in_II the_AT 
conversion_NN1 to_II Labour_NNJ of_IO such_DA active_JJ Junior_JJ 
Nationals_NP1 as_CSA Jonathan_NP1 Hunt_NP1 in_II Auckland_NP1 or_CC David_NP1 
Caygill_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS was_VBDZ for_IF a_AT1 short_JJ time_NNT1 the_AT 
chairman_NN1 of_IO the_AT Canterbury-Westland_NP1 Divisional_JJ Juniors_NN2 
._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT Auckland_NP1 Divisional_JJ Juniors_NN2 reorganised_VVD 
under_II the_AT leadership_NN1 of_IO Craig_NP1 Liggins_NP1 ,_, Dianne_NP 
Fell_NNL1 and_CC Alan_NP1 Turner_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT Waikato_NP1 Peter_NP1 Birnie_NP1 led_VVD the_AT 
revival_NN1 ,_, assisted_VVN by_II two_MC very_RG concerned_JJ seniors_NN2 ,_, 
\_NULL Mrs_NNB Rona_NP1 Stevenson_NP1 and_CC {_NULL V._II J._NP1 }_NULL 
Alexander_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT Canterbury-Westland_NP1 Division_NNJ ,_, never_RR the_AT 
strongest_JJT in_II Junior_JJ activity_NN1 ,_, the_AT resurgence_NN1 
culminated_VVD in_II a_AT1 Junior_JJ National_JJ Party_NNJ week_NNT1 during_II 
October_NPM1 1965_MC ,_, when_CS a_AT1 wide_JJ range_NN1 of_IO social_JJ 
activities_NN2 and_CC educational_JJ meetings_NN2 were_VBDR held_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II Otago-Southland_NP1 the_AT leaders_NN2 of_IO the_AT 
division_NNJ 's_GE Juniors_NN2 during_II the_AT mid-sixties_MC2 stressed_VVD 
again_RT and_CC again_RT the_AT need_NN1 for_IF National_JJ {_NULL MP_NN1 
}_NULL s_ZZ1 to_TO talk_VVI with_IW and_CC listen_VVI to_II young_JJ people_NN 
and_CC advocated_VVD the_AT use_NN1 of_IO public_JJ opinion_NN1 polls_NN2 
to_TO identify_VVI issues_NN2 of_IO particular_JJ interest_NN1 to_II youth_NN1 
._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II the_AT Wellington_NP1 Division_NNJ Hamish_NP1 Kynoch_NP1 
,_, a_AT1 very_RG able_JJ and_CC intelligent_JJ young_JJ farmer_NN1 from_II 
Waipukurau_NP1 who_PNQS was_VBDZ later_JJR to_TO become_VVI Dominion_NN1 
president_NN1 of_IO Young_NP1 Farmers_NP1 and_CC very_RG influential_JJ in_II 
the_AT Wellington_NP1 Division_NNJ and_CC on_II the_AT Dominion_NN1 
Council_NNJ and_CC Executive_NN of_IO the_AT National_JJ Party_NNJ ,_, 
became_VVD divisional_JJ Junior_JJ chairman_NN1 in_II somewhat_RR unusual_JJ 
circumstances_NN2 ._. 

^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 162+TEXT+F19_FO **]_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Little_RR did_VDD anyone_PN1 suspect_VVI that_CST 
while_CS these_DD2 military-like_JJ plans_NN2 were_VBDR being_VBG 
finalised_VVN in_II the_AT fish_NN hold_VV0 ,_, a_AT1 military_JJ 
operation_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 quite_RG different_JJ and_CC more_RGR sinister_JJ 
kind_NN1 had_VHD been_VBN taking_VVG place_NN1 just_RR a_DD221 few_DD222 
feet_NN2 away_RL ,_, on_II the_AT outer_JJ side_NN1 of_IO the_AT rivetted_JJ 
steel_NN1 plates_NN2 forming_VVG the_AT ship_NN1 's_VBZ hull_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL With_IW loud_JJ generator_NN1 noise_NN1 from_II the_AT engine_NN1 
room_NN1 and_CC the_AT intensity_NN1 of_IO the_AT discussions_NN2 ,_, 
nobody_PN1 would_VM have_VHI noticed_VVN any_DD strange_JJ sound_NN1 made_VVN 
by_II a_AT1 saboteur_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL All_DB were_VBDR tired_JJ and_CC some_DD were_VBDR 
jet-lagged_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Soon_RR after_II eleven_MC o'clock_RA ,_, after_CS those_DD2 
waiting_VVG on_II deck_NN1 had_VHD sent_VVN *'_" ^_NULL Let_VM21 's_VM22 
get_VVI going_VVG !_! 

^ **'_" notes_NN2 down_RP to_II the_AT fish_NN hold_VV0 ,_, the_AT meeting_NN1 
broke_VVD up_RP ._. 

^ ^_NULL Some_DD of_IO the_AT directors_NN2 not_XX involved_JJ in_II the_AT 
skippers_NN2 '_GE meeting_NN1 had_VHD already_RR left_VVN for_IF the_AT 
surf_NN1 club_NN at_II Piha_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Elaine_NP1 Shaw_NP1 rounded_VVD up_RP the_AT rest_NN1 and_CC 
followed_VVN in_II a_AT1 rental_NN1 car_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Others_NN2 had_VHD already_RR left_VVN for_IF the_AT 
night_NNT1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Dutchman_NP1 Henk_NP1 Haazen_NP1 ,_, 31_MC ,_, and_CC his_APPGE 
girlfriend_NN1 Bunny_NN1 McDiarmid_NP1 ,_, 28_MC ,_, had_VHD helped_VVN to_TO 
refit_VVI *1_NULL Rainbow_NP1 Warrior_NP1 *0_NULL in_II Florida_NP1 then_RT 
signed_VVD on_RP as_II third_MD engineer_NN1 and_CC deckhand_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL Although_CS their_APPGE cabin_NN1 ,_, formerly_RR a_AT1 scientific_JJ 
laboratory_NN1 ,_, was_VBDZ one_MC1 of_IO the_AT largest_JJT in_II the_AT 
ship_NN1 they_PPHS2 decided_VVD not_XX to_TO sleep_VVI on_RL21 board_RL22 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Instead_RR they_PPHS2 would_VM stay_VVI with_IW Bunny_NN1 's_VHZ 
parents_NN2 who_PNQS lived_VVD in_II Auckland_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 had_VHD just_RR been_VBN re-united_VVN with_IW them_PPHO2 
after_II a_AT1 seven-year_JJ absence_NN1 and_CC wanted_VVD to_TO be_VBI at_II 
home_NN1 as_RG much_DA1 as_CSA possible_JJ before_CS she_PPHS1 sailed_VVD 
off_RP again_RT ._. 

^ ^_NULL Henk_NP1 lifted_VVD his_APPGE big_JJ old_JJ {_NULL BMW_NP }_NULL 
750_MC motorbike_NN1 off_II the_AT maindeck_NN1 and_CC they_PPHS2 rode_VVD 
away_RP ._. 

^ ^_NULL Natalie_NP1 Maestre_NP1 ,_, 19_MC ,_, was_VBDZ having_VHG a_AT1 
rest_NN1 from_II the_AT ship_NN1 and_CC sleeping_VVG at_II Margaret_NP1 
Mills_NP1 '_GE cottage_NN1 on_II Waiheke_NP Island_NNL1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Grace_NP1 O'Sullivan_NP1 ,_, 23_MC ,_, a_AT1 deckhand_JJ from_II 
Ireland_NP1 ,_, had_VHD gone_VVN for_IF a_AT1 short_JJ break_NN1 to_II 
Great_JJ Barrier_NP Island_NNL1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Bene_NP1 Hoffman_NP1 ,_, the_AT second_MD mate_NN1 from_II West_NP 
Germany_NP1 ,_, was_VBDZ away_RL on_II a_AT1 tramping_JJ trip_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Peter_NP1 Willcox_NP1 ,_, 32_MC ,_, the_AT American_JJ skipper_NN1 
,_, turned_VVN into_II his_APPGE bunk_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Radio_NN1 operator_NN1 Lloyd_NP1 Anderson_NP1 ,_, another_DD1 
American_JJ ,_, fell_VVD asleep_JJ while_CS reading_VVG ,_, still_RR 
wearing_VVG his_APPGE glasses_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Andy_NP1 Biedermann_NP1 ,_, the_AT Swiss_JJ doctor_NN1 ,_, was_VBDZ 
in_II his_APPGE cabin_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL As_CSA *1_NULL Rainbow_NP1 Warrior_NP1 *0_NULL settled_VVD 
down_RP for_IF the_AT night_NNT1 ,_, second_MD engineer_NN1 Hanna_NP1 
Sorensen_NP1 unaccountably_RR felt_VVD an_AT1 urge_NN1 to_TO go_VVI for_IF 
a_AT1 walk_NN1 and_CC get_VVI some_DD chilly_JJ air_NN1 into_II her_APPGE 
lungs_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Thinking_VVG her_APPGE friend_NN1 Martin_NP1 Gotje_NP1 ,_, 26_MC ,_, 
was_VBDZ asleep_JJ she_PPHS1 went_VVD ashore_RL without_IW telling_VVG 
him_PPHO1 and_CC walked_VVD the_AT length_NN1 of_IO the_AT gloomy_JJ ,_, 
dusty_JJ wharf_NN1 towards_II the_AT city_NN1 lights_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Martin_NP1 ,_, first_MD mate_NN1 of_IO the_AT ship_NN1 ,_, 
was_VBDZ in_II fact_NN1 one_MC1 of_IO the_AT eight_MC men_NN2 sitting_VVG 
around_II the_AT two_MC narrow_JJ tables_NN2 in_II the_AT cosy_JJ messroom_NN1 
next_II21 to_II22 the_AT galley_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT tall_JJ ,_, curly-haired_JJ Dutchman_NN1 ,_, always_RR 
known_VVN as_II *'_" Martini_NN1 **'_" ,_, perched_VVD on_II a_AT1 padded_JJ 
seat_NN1 at_II the_AT end_NN1 of_IO the_AT table_NN1 nearest_II the_AT 
door_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Nobody_PN1 had_VHD the_AT energy_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 yahoo_NN1 party_NN 
._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 were_VBDR winding_VVG down_RP ,_, thinking_VVG of_IO 
going_VVG to_II bed_NN1 but_CCB too_RG weary_JJ to_TO make_VVI the_AT 
effort_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Also_RR round_II the_AT table_NN1 sat_VVD Fernando_NP1 Pereira_NP1 
,_, who_PNQS had_VHD joined_VVN the_AT ship_NN1 in_II Hawaii_NP1 ,_, and_CC 
Richard_NP1 Rae_NP1 ,_, 18_MC ,_, then_RT planning_VVG to_TO skipper_VVI a_AT1 
small_JJ catamaran_NN1 in_II the_AT peace_NN1 flotilla_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL At_II the_AT head_NN1 of_IO the_AT table_NN1 sprawled_VVD Russell_NP1 
Munro_NP1 ,_, whose_DDQGE yacht_NN1 was_VBDZ tied_VVN up_RP alongside_RL ,_, 
and_CC Rien_NP1 Achterberg_NP1 ,_, 36_MC ,_, another_DD1 big_JJ Dutchman_NN1 
who_PNQS lived_VVD on_II Waiheke_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS was_VBDZ working_VVG in_II 
the_AT Greenpeace_NP office_NN1 by_II day_NNT1 to_TO co-ordinate_VVI the_AT 
logistics_NN of_IO the_AT protest_NN1 flotilla_NN1 and_CC sleeping_VVG on_RL21 
board_RL22 by_II night_NNT1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Australian_JJ Chris_NP1 Robinson_NP1 ,_, 32_MC ,_, was_VBDZ to_TO 
skipper_VVI *1_NULL Vega_NP1 *0_NULL on_II what_DDQ would_VM be_VBI the_AT 
Greenpeace_NP yacht_NN1 's_GE fifth_MD protest_NN1 voyage_NN1 to_II 
Moruroa_NP1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ not_XX much_DA1 to_TO drink_VVI ,_, only_RR 
a_AT1 couple_NN1 of_IO bottles_NN2 of_IO beer_NN1 to_TO share_VVI among_II 
eight_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL Yorkshireman_NN1 Davey_NP1 Edward_NP1 ,_, 32_MC ,_, the_AT ship_NN1 
's_VBZ engineer_NN1 ,_, made_VVD a_AT1 crack_NN1 about_II it_PPH1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Hans_NP1 Guyt_NP1 ,_, 33_MC ,_, a_ZZ1 former_DA Dutch_JJ seaman_NN1 
who_PNQS founded_VVD Greenpeace_NP in_II Holland_NP1 and_CC sailed_VVD in_II 
*1_NULL Rainbow_NP1 Warrior_NP1 *0_NULL across_II the_AT Pacific_NP1 ,_, 
looked_VVN at_II the_AT clock_NN1 on_II the_AT bulkhead_NN1 to_TO see_VVI 
if_CSW the_AT pubs_NN2 were_VBDR still_RR open_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ surprised_JJ at_II how_RGQ late_RR it_PPH1 was_VBDZ 
._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT hands_NN2 of_IO the_AT cabin_NN1 clock_NN1 stood_VVD at_II 
11.38_MC {_NULL pm_RA }_NULL ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL A_AT1 shattering_JJ explosion_NN1 blasted_VVD *1_NULL 
Rainbow_NP1 Warrior_NP1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT lights_NN2 went_VVD out_RP ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT steady_JJ drone_NN1 of_IO the_AT generator_NN1 stopped_VVD 
abruptly_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ a_AT1 sound_NN1 of_IO breaking_VVG glass_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II their_APPGE ringing_JJ ears_NN2 people_NN heard_VVD the_AT 
sound_NN1 of_IO running_JJ water_NN1 :_: not_XX a_AT1 trickle_NN1 but_CCB 
a_AT1 roar_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II the_AT same_DA instant_NNT1 the_AT entire_JJ ship_NN1 
lurched_VVD ,_, thrown_VVN upwards_RL and_CC sideways_RL ._. 

^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 did_VDD not_XX straighten_VVI again_RT ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 sensed_VVD her_PPHO1 going_VVG down_RP ,_, not_XX fast_RR 
but_CCB relentlessly_RR ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Davey_NP1 Edward_NP1 hurled_VVD himself_PPX1 out_II21 of_II22 
the_AT messroom_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 reached_VVD the_AT engine_NN1 room_NN1 door_NN1 along_II 
the_AT passageway_NN1 in_RP about_RG eight_MC seconds_NNT2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL As_CSA he_PPHS1 jerked_VVD it_PPH1 open_VV0 the_AT sound_NN1 of_IO 
roaring_VVG water_NN1 filled_VVD his_APPGE ears_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT engine_NN1 room_NN1 was_VBDZ already_RR well_RR submerged_VVN 
._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT sea_NN1 was_VBDZ hurtling_VVG into_II the_AT ship_NN1 
through_II a_AT1 vast_JJ hole_NN1 in_II her_APPGE side_NN1 ,_, filling_VVG 
her_PPHO1 at_II a_AT1 rate_NN1 afterwards_RT calculated_VVD to_TO have_VHI 
been_VBN around_RG six_MC tons_NNU2 a_AT1 second_NNT1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Fast_RR asleep_JJ until_CS the_AT explosion_NN1 ,_, 
skipper_NN1 Peter_NP1 Willcox_NP1 first_MD thought_NN1 they_PPHS2 had_VHD 
collided_VVN with_IW a_AT1 ship_NN1 at_II sea_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Then_RT he_PPHS1 looked_VVD out_II21 of_II22 the_AT porthole_NN1 ,_, 
saw_VVD the_AT lights_NN2 on_II the_AT wharf_NN1 ,_, and_CC thought_VVD the_AT 
generator_NN1 must_VM have_VHI blown_VVN up_RP ._. 

^ ^_NULL Naked_JJ ,_, he_PPHS1 ran_VVD down_RP the_AT passageway_NN1 and_CC 
looked_VVN over_II Davey_NP1 's_GE shoulder_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT emergency_NN1 lights_NN2 flickered_VVD on_RP ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT dim_JJ illumination_NN1 he_PPHS1 could_VM see_VVI 
water_NN1 boiling_VVG around_II the_AT ladders_NN2 leading_VVG down_RP to_II 
the_AT engine_NN1 ,_, and_CC steam_NN1 from_II water_NN1 hitting_VVG hot_JJ 
pipes_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT lights_NN2 flickered_VVD out_RP as_II the_AT rising_JJ 
water_NN1 covered_VVD the_AT batteries_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT noise_NN1 of_IO the_AT cataract_NN1 was_VBDZ immense_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Davey_NP1 slammed_VVD the_AT door_NN1 ._. 

^ *'_" ^_NULL We_PPIS2 'd_VHD better_RRR get_VVI everyone_PN1 off_RP ,_, **'_" 
the_AT skipper_NN1 said_VVD ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT messroom_NN1 was_VBDZ left_VVN in_II total_JJ 
darkness_NN1 but_II21 for_II22 the_AT glimmer_NN1 of_IO the_AT 
container-terminal_JJ lights_NN2 coming_VVG through_II the_AT four_MC 
portholes_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Somebody_PN1 said_VVD ,_, *'_" ^_NULL Christ_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 tug_NN1 
's_VHZ hit_VVN us_PPIO2 !_! 

^ **'_" |_NULL ^_NULL Russell_NP1 Munro_NP1 thought_VVD not_XX ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT generator_NN1 had_VHD stopped_VVN too_RG quickly_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 could_VM only_RR have_VHI been_VBN a_AT1 bomb_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 worked_VVD his_APPGE way_NN1 clear_JJ of_IO the_AT table_NN1 
and_CC put_VVD his_APPGE hands_NN2 on_II somebody_PN1 's_GE shoulders_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL *'_" Come_VV0 on_RP ,_, let_VM21 's_VM22 get_VVI out_RP !_! 

^ **'_" he_PPHS1 said_VVD ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Out_RP in_II the_AT passageway_NN1 Rien_NP1 Achterberg_NP1 
made_VVD for_IF his_APPGE cabin_NN1 ,_, only_RR a_AT1 few_DA2 feet_NN2 away_RL 
._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 thought_VVD he_PPHS1 would_VM grab_VVI his_APPGE working_JJ 
files_NN2 ,_, camera_NN1 and_CC sleeping_NN1 bag_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB there_EX was_VBDZ an_AT1 acidy_NN1 ,_, burning_VVG ,_, 
metallic_JJ smell_NN1 in_II the_AT air_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Do_VD0 n't_XX ,_, he_PPHS1 told_VVD himself_PPX1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 sensed_VVD the_AT ship_NN1 going_VVG slowly_RR down_RP ,_, 
and_CC listing_VVG more_RGR sharply_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL A_AT1 former_DA chef_NN1 and_CC baker_NN1 who_PNQS had_VHD sailed_VVN 
in_II Dutch_JJ coasters_NN2 ,_, Rien_NP1 had_VHD once_RR been_VBN in_II a_AT1 
ship_NN1 that_CST suffered_VVD an_AT1 engine_NN1 room_NN1 explosion_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 thought_VVD the_AT same_DA thing_NN1 must_VM have_VHI 
happened_VVN again_RT ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 abandoned_VVD his_APPGE belongings_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL While_CS the_AT others_NN2 groped_VVD their_APPGE way_NN1 
forward_RL along_II the_AT central_JJ passage_NN1 towards_II the_AT pale_JJ 
light_NN1 over_II the_AT maindeck_NN1 ,_, from_II which_DDQ they_PPHS2 
could_VM get_VVI ashore_RL ,_, five_MC went_VVD aft_RL ._. 

^ ^_NULL Russell_NP1 Munro_NP1 headed_VVD for_IF his_APPGE yacht_NN1 ,_, 
his_APPGE one_MC1 thought_NN1 to_TO get_VVI her_APPGE clear_JJ before_II 
the_AT ship_NN1 sank_VVD and_CC dragged_VVD her_PPHO1 down_RP ._. 

^ ^_NULL Russell_NP1 's_GE girlfriend_NN1 Terisa_NP1 ,_, woken_VVN by_II 
the_AT blast_NN1 ,_, was_VBDZ standing_VVG in_II the_AT cockpit_NN1 in_II 
her_APPGE nightie_NN1 wondering_VVG what_DDQ had_VHD happened_VVN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Hans_NP1 Guyt_NP1 found_VVD himself_PPX1 at_II the_AT aft_JJ 
end_NN1 of_IO the_AT side-deck_NN1 with_IW Martin_NP1 and_CC Fernando_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Water_NN1 was_VBDZ already_RR licking_VVG through_II the_AT 
scuppers_NN2 and_CC wetting_VVG the_AT planks_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Fernando_NP1 shouted_VVD in_II English_JJ ,_, *'_" ^_NULL She_PPHS1 
's_VBZ sinking_VVG is_VBZ n't_XX she_PPHS1 ?_? 

^ **'_" |_NULL ^_NULL Near_II the_AT aft_JJ end_NN1 of_IO the_AT 
passageway_NN1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 steep_JJ stairway_NN1 leading_VVG down_RP to_II 
the_AT lower_JJR accommodation_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL At_II the_AT foot_NN1 of_IO the_AT stairs_NN2 the_AT doors_NN2 of_IO 
five_MC cabins_NN2 opened_VVN into_II a_AT1 small_JJ lobby_NN1 ,_, now_RT 
in_II pitch_NN1 darkness_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Three_MC men_NN2 slid_VVD down_RP the_AT stairway_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Martin_NP1 had_VHD obtained_VVN a_AT1 flashlight_NN1 and_CC was_VBDZ 
desperately_RR searching_VVG for_IF Hanna_NP1 whom_PNQO he_PPHS1 thought_VVD 
was_VBDZ in_II her_APPGE cabin_NN1 below_RL ._. 

^ ^_NULL \_NULL Dr_NNB Biedermann_NP1 went_VVD down_RP to_TO help_VVI ,_, 
and_CC check_VVI the_AT other_JJ cabins_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL And_CC Fernando_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS had_VHD something_PN1 of_IO a_AT1 
reputation_NN1 in_II the_AT ship_NN1 for_IF being_VBG last-man_JJ ready_JJ ,_, 
never_RR went_VVD anywhere_RL without_IW his_APPGE precious_JJ Canons_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT cameras_NN2 were_VBDR on_II the_AT bunk_NN1 in_II his_APPGE 
cabin_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Margaret_NP1 Mills_NP1 was_VBDZ just_RR dropping_VVG off_RP 
again_RT when_RRQ the_AT loud_JJ bang_NN1 shook_VVD her_APPGE awake_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Her_APPGE first_MD thought_NN1 was_VBDZ that_DD1 *1_NULL Rainbow_NP1 
Warrior_NP1 *0_NULL had_VHD been_VBN hit_VVN by_II a_AT1 ship_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Then_RT she_PPHS1 heard_VVD running_JJ water_NN1 and_CC wondered_VVD 
if_CSW a_AT1 tap_NN1 had_VHD been_VBN left_VVN on_RP ._. 

^ ^_NULL More_RGR curious_JJ than_CSN bothered_JJ ,_, and_CC not_XX a_RR21 
bit_RR22 alarmed_VVD ,_, she_PPHS1 quickly_RR dressed_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 was_VBDZ so_RG unflustered_JJ that_CST she_PPHS1 took_VVD 
the_AT time_NNT1 to_TO tie_VVI her_APPGE shoelaces_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 did_VDD n't_XX know_VVI the_AT power_NN1 had_VHD failed_VVN 
because_CS she_PPHS1 had_VHD n't_XX tried_VVN to_TO switch_VVI on_RP the_AT 
light_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Fumbling_VVG towards_II the_AT door_NN1 she_PPHS1 arrived_VVD 
in_II the_AT wardrobe_NN1 and_CC thought_VVD it_PPH1 would_VM be_VBI 
better_JJR to_TO find_VVI her_APPGE glasses_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Without_IW them_PPHO2 she_PPHS1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 cripple_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL At_II the_AT same_DA moment_NN1 she_PPHS1 opened_VVD the_AT door_NN1 
and_CC realised_VVD a_AT1 man_NN1 was_VBDZ standing_VVG in_II the_AT 
darkness_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 did_VDD n't_XX recognise_VVI him_PPHO1 until_CS he_PPHS1 
spoke_VVD ._. 

^ *'_" ^_NULL Come_VV0 on_RP ,_, Margaret_NP1 ,_, we_PPIS2 've_VH0 got_VVN 
to_TO get_VVI out_RP ,_, **'_" \_NULL Dr_NNB Biedermann_NP1 told_VVD her_PPHO1 
._. 

^ |_NULL *'_" ^_NULL Wait_VV0 ..._... my_APPGE glasses_NN2 !_! 

^ **'_" |_NULL *'_" ^_NULL Do_VD0 n't_XX be_VBI silly_JJ ,_, the_AT ship_NN1 
's_VBZ sinking_VVG !_! 

^ **'_" |_NULL ^_NULL On_II the_AT basis_NN1 (_( she_PPHS1 related_VVD 
later_RRR )_) that_DD1 boy_NN1 scouts_NN2 helped_VVD little_RR old_JJ 
ladies_NN2 across_II the_AT street_NN1 whether_CSW they_PPHS2 wanted_VVD to_TO 
go_VVI or_CC not_XX ,_, Margaret_NP1 decided_VVD to_TO do_VDI what_DDQ 
she_PPHS1 was_VBDZ told_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 still_RR thought_VVD it_PPH1 all_DB a_RR21 bit_RR22 
ridiculous_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Ships_NN2 did_VDD n't_XX sink_VVI in_II port_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Then_RT she_PPHS1 saw_VVD the_AT water_NN1 pouring_VVG down_RP the_AT 
stairway_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL At_II the_AT top_NN1 of_IO the_AT steps_NN2 Hans_NP1 Guyt_NP1 
,_, wondering_VVG whether_CSW to_TO nip_VVI down_RP to_TO collect_VVI 
belongings_NN2 from_II his_APPGE cabin_NN1 ,_, saw_VVD Martin_NP1 with_IW 
the_AT flashlight_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL At_II that_DD1 moment_NN1 the_AT ship_NN1 listed_VVD sharply_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL Hans_NP1 returned_VVD to_II the_AT side-deck_NN1 where_RRQ 
Margaret_NP1 was_VBDZ splashing_VVG forward_RL towards_II the_AT ladder_NN1 
,_, up_II21 to_II22 her_APPGE calves_NN2 in_II water_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL As_CSA Martin_NP1 turned_VVD to_TO go_VVI up_II the_AT1 stairs_NN2 
he_PPHS1 glimpsed_VVD Fernando_NP1 packing_VVG his_APPGE cameras_NN2 into_II 
a_AT1 bag_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Water_NN1 was_VBDZ jetting_VVG into_II the_AT compartment_NN1 
through_II wire_NN1 runs_NN2 ,_, under_RG great_JJ pressure_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 ran_VVD up_RP the_AT steps_NN2 thinking_VVG Fernando_NP1 
was_VBDZ right_JJ behind_II him_PPHO1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II that_DD1 instant_NNT1 a_AT1 second_MD explosion_NN1 
erupted_VVD beneath_II the_AT stern_NN1 of_IO *1_NULL Rainbow_NP1 Warrior_NP1 
._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL From_II the_AT yacht_NN1 's_VBZ cockpit_NN1 Terisa_NP1 
saw_VVD a_AT1 flash_NN1 of_IO light_JJ streak_NN1 through_II the_AT cloudy_JJ 
water_NN1 ,_, just_RR beneath_II the_AT surface_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT aft_JJ part_NN1 of_IO the_AT ship_NN1 lurched_VVD as_CS21 
if_CS22 struck_VVN from_II below_RL by_II a_AT1 giant_JJ hammer_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT lower_JJR accommodation_NN1 must_VM have_VHI flooded_VVN 
instantly_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL Those_DD2 on_II deck_NN1 scrambled_VVD up_RP the_AT ladder_NN1 or_CC 
took_VVD flying_JJ leaps_NN2 to_II the_AT wharf_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Peter_NP1 Willcox_NP1 shouted_VVD ,_, *'_" ^_NULL Abandon_NN1 
ship_NN1 !_! 

^ **'_" ^_NULL Then_RT the_AT skipper_NN1 went_VVD forward_RL ,_, checking_VVG 
the_AT cabins_NN2 along_II the_AT passageway_NN1 to_TO ensure_VVI everyone_PN1 
was_VBDZ out_RP ._. 

^ ^_NULL Intending_VVG to_TO check_VVI that_CST the_AT fish_NN hold_NN1 
was_VBDZ clear_JJ he_PPHS1 found_VVD the_AT stairway_NN1 compartment_NN1 
giving_VVG access_NN1 to_II it_PPH1 was_VBDZ already_RR full_JJ of_IO 
water_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 headed_VVD for_IF his_APPGE cabin_NN1 to_TO collect_VVI 
his_APPGE glasses_NN2 and_CC some_DD clothes_NN2 but_CCB there_EX was_VBDZ 
no_AT time_NNT1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT ship_NN1 was_VBDZ going_VVG down_RP ._. 

^ ^_NULL Still_RR naked_JJ ,_, he_PPHS1 waded_VVD out_RP ,_, climbed_VVD to_II 
the_AT boat_NN1 deck_NN1 and_CC jumped_VVD ashore_RL ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *'_" Look_VV0 out_RP ,_, she_PPHS1 's_VBZ tipping_VVG !_! 

^ **'_" Everyone_PN1 scattered_VVD back_RP from_II the_AT edge_NN1 of_IO 
the_AT wharf_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Just_RR four_MC minutes_NNT2 after_II the_AT first_MD explosion_NN1 
,_, two_MC minutes_NNT2 after_II the_AT second_NNT1 ,_, the_AT twin_NN1 
steel_NN1 masts_NN2 tilted_VVD suddenly_RR towards_II the_AT wharf_NN1 as_II 
*1_NULL Rainbow_NP1 Warrior_NP1 *0_NULL listed_VVD and_CC settled_VVN on_II 
the_AT bottom_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL To_II the_AT dismayed_JJ survivors_NN2 it_PPH1 seemed_VVD almost_RR 
miraculous_JJ that_CST she_PPHS1 neither_RR capsized_VVD nor_CC 
disappeared_VVD ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT ship_NN1 lay_VVD on_II her_APPGE starboard_NN1 side_NN1 ,_, 
not_XX quite_RG submerged_JJ ,_, her_APPGE masts_NN2 nearly_RR touching_VVG 
the_AT gutter_NN1 of_IO the_AT wharf_NN1 **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL -shed_JJ 
roof_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Russell_NP1 pushed_VVD his_APPGE yacht_NN1 clear_JJ with_IW 
a_AT1 spinnaker_NN1 pole_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 had_VHD no_AT engine_NN1 so_CS he_PPHS1 hoisted_VVD sail_NN1 
and_CC ghosted_VVD across_RL to_II the_AT opposite_JJ wharf_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Then_RT he_PPHS1 raced_VVD back_RP by_II dinghy_NN1 to_TO salvage_VVI 
what_DDQ he_PPHS1 could_VM of_IO the_AT objects_NN2 floating_VVG around_RP 
in_II the_AT dark_JJ water_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Forlornly_RR the_AT numbed_JJ survivors_NN2 gathered_VVD on_II 
the_AT edge_NN1 of_IO the_AT wharf_NN1 ,_, staring_VVG down_RP at_II the_AT 
ship_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT first_MD sirens_NN2 were_VBDR in_II the_AT distance_NN1 ,_, 
getting_VVG louder_JJR ._. 

^ ^_NULL Several_DA2 nearby_JJ ships_NN2 had_VHD transmitted_VVN alarms_VVZ 
to_II Auckland_NP1 Marine_JJ Radio_NN1 which_DDQ had_VHD alerted_VVN 
police_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT small_JJ passenger_NN1 ship_NN1 *1_NULL Gulf_NP1 Explorer_NP1 
,_, *0_NULL once_CS the_AT Penzance_NP1 to_II Scilly_NP1 Isles_NN2 ferry_VV0 
in_II Cornwall_NP1 ,_, England_NP1 ,_, had_VHD been_VBN thrown_VVN heavily_RR 
against_II the_AT pilings_NN2 by_II the_AT second_MD blast_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT two_MC explosions_NN2 were_VBDR heard_VVN throughout_II the_AT 
lower_JJR part_NN1 of_IO the_AT city_NN1 ,_, sending_VVG roosting_JJ 
seagulls_NN2 screaming_VVG like_II white_JJ shrapnel_NN1 into_II the_AT 
night_NNT1 sky_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Martin_NP1 was_VBDZ in_II shock_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL *'_" I_PPIS1 think_VV0 Hanna_NP1 's_VBZ in_II there_RL ,_, **'_" 
he_PPHS1 muttered_VVD bleakly_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL Rien_NP1 escorted_VVD him_PPHO1 with_IW Margaret_NP1 to_II a_AT1 
Dutch_JJ yacht_NN1 whose_DDQGE skipper_NN1 had_VHD run_VVN along_II the_AT 
wharf_NN1 offering_NN1 aid_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 were_VBDR given_VVN blankets_NN2 and_CC coffee_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Peter_NP1 Willcox_NP1 ,_, wearing_VVG only_RR Davey_NP1 
Edward_NP1 's_GE shirt_NN1 to_TO cover_VVI what_DDQ was_VBDZ necessary_JJ ,_, 
tried_VVD to_TO discover_VVI who_PNQS was_VBDZ missing_VVG ._. 

^ ^_NULL On_II the_AT long_JJ voyage_NN1 out_RP there_RL had_VHD been_VBN 
routine_JJ lifeboat_NN1 and_CC fire_NN1 drills_NN2 but_CCB this_DD1 was_VBDZ 
a_AT1 contingency_NN1 never_RR catered_VVN for_IF ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ hard_JJ to_TO think_VVI exactly_RR who_PNQS of_IO 
the_AT crew_NN1 should_VM have_VHI been_VBN aboard_RL and_CC who_PNQS was_VBDZ 
ashore_RL ._. 

^ ^_NULL And_CC what_DDQ about_II the_AT visitors_NN2 ?_? 

^ ^_NULL Peter_NP1 worked_VVD out_RP a_AT1 list_NN1 of_IO names_NN2 then_RT 
called_VVN them_PPHO2 out_RP ._. 

^ ^_NULL Two_MC were_VBDR not_XX accounted_VVN for_IF ._. 

^ ^_NULL Where_RRQ was_VBDZ Fernando_NP1 ?_? 

^ ^_NULL Did_VDD anyone_PN1 see_VVI Hanna_NP1 ?_? 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL A_DD221 few_DD222 minutes_NNT2 later_RRR ,_, expecting_VVG 
to_TO go_VVI to_II bed_NN1 ,_, Hanna_NP1 returned_VVD from_II her_APPGE 
walk_NN1 ._. 

^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 163+TEXT+F20_FO **]_NULL 

^ ^_NULL *0_NULL Their_APPGE response_NN1 to_II the_AT laws_NN2 enacted_VVD 
in_II December_NPM1 1977_MC is_VBZ now_RT a_AT1 matter_NN1 of_IO public_JJ 
record_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL To_II the_AT Abortion_NN1 Law_NN1 Reform_NN1 Association_NNJ this_DD1 
was_VBDZ important_JJ because_CS many_DA2 people_NN see_VV0 doctors_NN2 as_CSA 
authorities_NN2 on_II the_AT abortion_NN1 issue_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Doctors_NN2 who_PNQS actively_RR supported_VVN abortion_NN1 
on_II demand_NN1 represented_VVD a_AT1 relatively_RR small_JJ segment_NN1 
within_II the_AT profession_NN1 but_CCB medicine_NN1 ,_, like_II any_DD 
other_JJ discipline_NN1 ,_, will_VM have_VHI its_APPGE share_NN1 of_IO 
supporters_NN2 at_II the_AT perimeter_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 issue_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL There_EX were_VBDR doctors_NN2 who_PNQS argued_VVD passionately_RR 
that_CST their_APPGE colleagues_NN2 remain_VV0 faithful_JJ to_II the_AT 
profession_NN1 's_VBZ traditional_JJ ethical_JJ stand_NN1 ,_, but_CCB 
they_PPHS2 were_VBDR rather_RG like_JJ voices_NN2 crying_VVG in_II the_AT 
wilderness_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT great_JJ mass_NN1 of_IO doctors_NN2 remained_VVD silent_JJ 
and_CC many_DA2 of_IO them_PPHO2 quietly_RR referred_VVD their_APPGE 
patients_NN2 to_II the_AT Auckland_NP1 abortion_NN1 clinic_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 were_VBDR not_XX going_VVGK to_TO be_VBI seen_VVN 
rocking_VVG the_AT boat_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 were_VBDR not_XX going_VVGK to_TO raise_VVI any_DD 
embarrassing_JJ questions_NN2 about_II colleagues_NN2 who_PNQS were_VBDR 
clearly_RR providing_VVG abortion_NN1 as_II a_AT1 means_NN of_IO dealing_VVG 
with_IW social_JJ problems_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 seems_VVZ probable_JJ that_CST doctors_NN2 remain_VV0 
silent_JJ because_CS most_DAT of_IO them_PPHO2 ,_, at_II sometime_JJ **[_NULL 
sic_RR **]_NULL in_II their_APPGE career_NN1 ,_, have_VH0 either_RR 
referred_VVN a_AT1 woman_NN1 for_IF abortion_NN1 ,_, or_CC have_VH0 
authorised_VVN one_MC1 or_CC have_VH0 even_RR performed_VVN one_PN1 for_IF 
reasons_NN2 they_PPHS2 knew_VVD were_VBDR dictated_VVN by_II social_JJ or_CC 
economic_JJ considerations_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Having_VHG done_VDN this_DD1 even_RR once_RR ,_, a_AT1 doctor_NN1 
can_VM find_VVI it_PPH1 difficult_JJ to_TO be_VBI critical_JJ of_IO a_AT1 
colleague_NN1 who_PNQS is_VBZ doing_VDG likewise_RR ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL As_CSA New_NP Zealand_NP1 moved_VVD into_II the_AT 1980s_MC2 
,_, abortion_NN1 was_VBDZ not_XX simply_RR available_JJ on_II demand_NN1 ,_, 
it_PPH1 was_VBDZ available_JJ on_II offer_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 have_VH0 had_VHN many_DA2 women_NN2 over_II recent_JJ 
years_NNT2 tell_VV0 me_PPIO1 of_IO their_APPGE experiences_NN2 in_II 
visiting_VVG a_AT1 doctor_NN1 to_TO have_VHI their_APPGE pregnancies_NN2 
confirmed_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 has_VHZ become_VVN commonplace_JJ if_CSW they_PPHS2 are_VBR 
single_JJ or_CC have_VH0 three_MC or_CC more_DAR children_NN2 ,_, or_CC 
are_VBR well_JJ into_II their_APPGE thirties_MC2 to_TO be_VBI asked_VVN by_II 
their_APPGE doctor_NN1 ,_, *"_" ^_NULL Do_VD0 you_PPY want_VVI this_DD1 
pregnancy_NN1 ?_? **"_" 

^ ^_NULL Those_DD2 who_PNQS have_VH0 told_VVN me_PPIO1 of_IO such_DA an_AT1 
experience_NN1 have_VH0 confirmed_VVN that_CST they_PPHS2 knew_VVD 
perfectly_RR well_RR what_DDQ the_AT doctor_NN1 was_VBDZ asking_VVG them_PPHO2 
._. 

^ ^_NULL These_DD2 were_VBDR not_XX women_NN2 considering_II abortion_NN1 ,_, 
they_PPHS2 had_VHD simply_RR gone_VVN to_II the_AT doctor_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 
confirmation_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE pregnancies_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Nearly_RR all_DB of_IO them_PPHO2 have_VH0 told_VVN me_PPIO1 how_RRQ 
degraded_VVD they_PPHS2 felt_VVD by_II the_AT doctor_NN1 's_VBZ attitude_NN1 
._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT dynamics_NN of_IO the_AT *'_" abortion_NN1 liberty_NN1 
**'_" started_VVD grinding_VVG to_II a_AT1 halt_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 had_VHD moved_VVN on_RP at_II a_AT1 forward_JJ momentum_NN1 
until_CS the_AT general_JJ public_NN began_VVD to_TO appreciate_VVI what_DDQ 
was_VBDZ happening_VVG ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ during_II 1980_MC that_CST any_DD pretence_NN1 
about_II pro-abortion_JJ objectives_NN2 was_VBDZ abandoned_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT Working_JJ Women_NN2 's_GE Charter_NN1 with_IW its_APPGE 
open_JJ call_NN1 for_IF abortion_NN1 on_II demand_NN1 set_VVD the_AT 
dynamics_NN in_II reverse_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Few_DA2 were_VBDR as_RG eager_JJ to_TO identify_VVI with_IW 
supporting_JJ abortions_NN2 as_CSA they_PPHS2 had_VHD been_VBN in_II the_AT 
heyday_NN1 of_IO the_AT Repeal_NN1 petition_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL People_NN were_VBDR becoming_VVG reluctant_JJ to_TO speak_VVI out_RP 
publicly_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 sensed_VVD it_PPH1 was_VBDZ no_RR21 longer_RR22 seen_VVN 
as_II a_AT1 popular_JJ cause_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ left_VVN to_II the_AT extreme_JJ radical_JJ 
feminists_NN2 in_II {_NULL WONAAC_NP1 }_NULL to_TO carry_VVI the_AT 
abortion_NN1 banner_NN1 in_RR21 public_RR22 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL By_RT21 now_RT22 a_AT1 new_JJ technology_NN1 was_VBDZ 
coming_VVG to_II the_AT aid_NN1 of_IO unborn_JJ children_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Public_JJ hospitals_NN2 were_VBDR installing_VVG ultrasound_NN1 
equipment_NN1 in_II their_APPGE ante-natal_JJ units_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Mothers_NN2 were_VBDR able_JK to_TO see_VVI pictures_NN2 of_IO 
their_APPGE unborn_JJ children_NN2 on_II a_AT1 screen_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL As_CSA they_PPHS2 watched_VVD ,_, their_APPGE unborn_JJ child_NN1 
could_VM be_VBI seen_VVN flexing_VVG little_JJ legs_NN2 and_CC waving_VVG 
little_JJ arms_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 was_VBDZ no_AT mindless_JJ immobile_JJ lump_NN1 of_IO 
protoplasm_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL During_II his_APPGE visit_NN1 to_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 in_II 
1981_MC ,_, \_NULL Dr_NNB Bernard_NP1 Nathanson_NP1 discussed_VVD changes_NN2 
these_DD2 new_JJ technologies_NN2 were_VBDR bringing_VVG about_RP ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 spoke_VVD of_IO his_APPGE patients_NN2 who_PNQS had_VHD 
once_RR been_VBN outspokenly_RR for_IF abortion_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Some_DD became_VVD pregnant_JJ and_CC had_VHD an_AT1 ultrasound_NN1 
scan_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 said_VVD they_PPHS2 would_VM come_VVI back_RP to_II 
him_PPHO1 saying_VVG ,_, *"_" ^_NULL I_PPIS1 'm_VBM not_XX sure_JJ any_DD 
more_DAR ._. 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 've_VH0 had_VHN my_APPGE certainty_NN1 cracked_VVN ._. **"_" 

^ ^_NULL By_II 1982_MC ,_, this_DD1 and_CC similar_JJ developments_NN2 
were_VBDR causing_VVG alarm_NN1 within_II the_AT ranks_NN2 of_IO New_NP 
York_NP1 's_GE Planned_JJ Parenthood_NN1 Federation_NNJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL When_CS their_APPGE executive_JJ vice-president_NN1 addressed_VVD 
the_AT National_JJ Abortion_NN1 Federation_NNJ 's_GE annual_JJ meeting_NN1 
that_DD1 year_NNT1 ,_, he_PPHS1 said_VVD advances_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 the_AT 
capacity_NN1 to_TO improve_VVI foetal_JJ viability_NN1 and_CC do_VD0 foetal_JJ 
surgery_NN1 *"_" tend_VV0 to_TO personalise_VVI **"_" the_AT foetus_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL *"_" I_PPIS1 believe_VV0 ,_, **"_" said_VVD Albert_NP1 Moran_NP1 ,_, 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL He_PPHS1 warned_VVD his_APPGE 
pro-abortion_JJ gathering_NN1 ,_, *"_" we_PPIS2 will_VM lose_VVI unless_CS 
some_DD way_NN1 could_VM be_VBI found_VVN to_TO cope_VVI with_IW the_AT new_JJ 
technology_NN1 that_CST showed_VVD the_AT unborn_JJ child_NN1 as_II a_AT1 
patient_NN1 ._. **"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT birth_NN1 of_IO Louise_NP1 Brown_NP1 in_II England_NP1 
in_II 1978_MC ,_, was_VBDZ to_II herald_NN1 yet_RR another_DD1 advance_NN1 
in_II technology_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 was_VBDZ the_AT world_NN1 's_GE first_MD test_NN1 tube_NN1 
baby_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Since_CS that_DD1 event_NN1 ,_, television_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN 
able_JK to_TO show_VVI viewers_NN2 the_AT process_NN1 of_IO fertilisation_NN1 
outside_II the_AT human_JJ body_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL There_EX has_VHZ been_VBN no_AT suggestion_NN1 that_CST the_AT 
tiny_JJ embryo_NN1 in_II the_AT petri_NN2 dish_VV0 is_VBZ not_XX alive_JJ ,_, 
growing_VVG and_CC human_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Nobody_PN1 has_VHZ ever_RR suggested_VVN that_CST the_AT embryo_NN1 
is_VBZ a_AT1 part_NN1 of_IO the_AT petri_NN2 dish_VV0 ._. 

^ ^_NULL One_MC1 thing_NN1 the_AT in-vitro_JJ fertilisation_NN1 technology_NN1 
has_VHZ confirmed_VVN ,_, is_VBZ that_DD1 we_PPIS2 are_VBR dealing_VVG with_IW 
a_AT1 new_JJ individual_JJ human_JJ life_NN1 from_II the_AT onset_NN1 of_IO 
pregnancy_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL If_CS this_DD1 had_VHD not_XX been_VBN accepted_VVN ,_, there_EX 
would_VM be_VBI no_AT basis_NN1 for_IF the_AT ethical_JJ considerations_NN2 
that_CST have_VH0 become_VVN a_AT1 part_NN1 of_IO the_AT emerging_JJ 
technology_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL During_II 1981_MC ,_, abortions_NN2 in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 
numbered_VVD one_MC1 for_IF every_AT1 seven_MC live_JJ births_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 were_VBDR funded_VVN from_II the_AT public_JJ purse_NN1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 meant_VVD the_AT tax_NN1 **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL 
-payer_NN1 ,_, irrespective_II21 of_II22 his_APPGE or_CC her_APPGE beliefs_NN2 
on_II this_DD1 matter_NN1 ,_, was_VBDZ required_VVN to_TO contribute_VVI 
towards_II the_AT costs_NN2 involved_JJ in_II authorising_VVG and_CC 
performing_VVG many_DA2 thousands_NNO2 of_IO abortions_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II units_NN2 like_II the_AT Parkview_NN1 Clinic_NN1 in_II 
Wellington_NP1 and_CC the_AT Epsom_NP1 Day_NP1 Clinic_NN1 in_II Auckland_NP1 
,_, there_EX were_VBDR doctors_NN2 being_VBG paid_VVN twice_RR from_II the_AT 
public_JJ purse_NN1 for_IF making_VVG abortion_NN1 decisions_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Certifying_VVG consultants_NN2 engaged_VVN by_II these_DD2 
clinics_NN2 were_VBDR paid_VVN a_AT1 fee_NN1 by_II the_AT Department_NNJ of_IO 
Justice_NP1 for_IF acting_VVG as_CSA consultants_NN2 and_CC in_RR21 
addition_RR22 they_PPHS2 received_VVD sessional_JJ grants_NN2 from_II the_AT 
Health_NN1 vote_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Girls_NN2 under_RG sixteen_MC were_VBDR aborted_VVN without_IW 
the_AT knowledge_NN1 or_CC consent_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE parents_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Fathers_NN2 had_VHD to_TO stand_VVI by_II helplessly_RR as_CSA 
doctors_NN2 destroyed_VVD their_APPGE unborn_JJ sons_NN2 and_CC daughters_NN2 
._. 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 have_VH0 all_DB the_AT documents_NN2 from_II one_MC1 
father_NN1 who_PNQS lodged_VVD a_AT1 complaint_NN1 with_IW the_AT New_NP 
Zealand_NP1 Medical_JJ Council_NNJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 stated_VVD that_CST prior_II21 to_II22 the_AT abortion_NN1 
,_, the_AT mother_NN1 was_VBDZ four_MC months_NNT2 pregnant_JJ ,_, healthy_JJ 
and_CC there_EX was_VBDZ no_AT medical_JJ or_CC other_JJ reason_NN1 to_TO 
justify_VVI such_DA an_AT1 operation_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT Council_NNJ in_II its_APPGE reply_NN1 said_VVD the_AT 
certificate_NN1 authorising_VVG the_AT abortion_NN1 was_VBDZ in_II order_NN1 
and_CC that_DD1 Section_NN1 187A_MC of_IO the_AT Crimes_NN2 Act_NN1 had_VHD 
been_VBN complied_VVN with_IW ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT Council_NNJ went_VVD on_RP to_TO say_VVI that_CST no_AT 
prima_JJ21 facie_JJ22 case_NN1 could_VM be_VBI established_VVN against_II 
anyone_PN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL New_JJ Zealanders_NP1 belonging_VVG to_II a_AT1 union_NN 
affiliated_VVD with_IW the_AT Federation_NNJ of_IO Labour_NNJ could_VM 
have_VHI their_APPGE union_NN dues_NN2 used_VMK to_TO promote_VVI abortion_NN1 
on_II demand_NN1 as_CSA could_VM public_RR servants_NN2 once_RR the_AT 
Public_JJ Service_NN1 Association_NNJ endorsed_VVD the_AT Working_JJ Women_NN2 
's_GE Charter_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT law_NN1 Parliament_NNJ had_VHD enacted_VVN in_II 
1977_MC with_IW the_AT clear_JJ intention_NN1 of_IO increasing_VVG the_AT 
protection_NN1 of_IO children_NN2 before_II birth_NN1 had_VHD been_VBN 
twisted_VVN into_II an_AT1 instrument_NN1 that_CST enabled_VVD a_AT1 small_JJ 
group_NN of_IO doctors_NN2 to_TO end_VVI virtually_RR any_DD unwelcome_JJ 
pregnancy_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL These_DD2 events_NN2 were_VBDR not_XX taking_VVG place_NN1 
in_II a_AT1 vacuum_NN1 ,_, however_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 were_VBDR generating_VVG a_AT1 dynamism_NN1 of_IO 
their_APPGE own_DA ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL A_AT1 couple_NN1 faced_VVN with_IW an_AT1 unintended_JJ 
pregnancy_NN1 decide_VV0 they_PPHS2 will_VM delay_VVI parenthood_NN1 and_CC 
so_CS an_AT1 abortion_NN1 is_VBZ planned_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ not_XX ,_, they_PPHS2 soon_RR discover_VV0 ,_, the_AT 
harmless_JJ episode_NN1 they_PPHS2 imagined_VVD and_CC something_PN1 goes_VVZ 
terribly_RR wrong_JJ with_IW their_APPGE relationship_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL A_AT1 fifteen-year-old_NN1 is_VBZ admitted_VVN to_II 
hospital_NN1 where_RRQ doctors_NN2 identify_VV0 retained_JJ foetal_JJ 
parts_NN2 in_II her_APPGE womb_NN1 from_II an_AT1 earlier_JJR abortion_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT first_MD her_APPGE parents_NN2 know_VV0 of_IO the_AT 
abortion_NN1 is_VBZ when_RRQ they_PPHS2 discover_VV0 why_RRQ their_APPGE 
daughter_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN admitted_VVN to_II hospital_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 are_VBR angry_JJ that_CST some_DD doctor_NN1 had_VHD 
dared_VVN to_TO abort_VVI their_APPGE daughter_NN1 without_IW even_RR 
consulting_VVG them_PPHO2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL A_AT1 thirty-five-year-old_NN1 seeks_VVZ confirmation_NN1 
of_IO a_AT1 suspected_JJ pregnancy_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Her_APPGE doctor_NN1 asks_VVZ ,_, *"_" ^_NULL Do_VD0 you_PPY want_VVI 
this_DD1 pregnancy_NN1 ?_? **"_" 

^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 knows_VVZ what_DDQ he_PPHS1 means_VVZ and_CC feels_VVZ 
degraded_JJ ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL A_AT1 teenager_NN1 ,_, concerned_JJ that_CST her_APPGE 
boyfriend_NN1 is_VBZ losing_VVG interest_NN1 comes_VVZ off_II the_AT pill_NN1 
expecting_VVG that_CST if_CS she_PPHS1 became_VVD pregnant_JJ she_PPHS1 
could_VM hold_VVI him_PPHO1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 is_VBZ aborted_VVN after_II being_VBG dropped_VVN by_II 
her_APPGE boyfriend_NN1 and_CC lapses_VVZ into_II a_AT1 deep_JJ abiding_JJ 
sadness_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Although_CS Paul_NP1 Clarke_NP1 opposed_VVD abortion_NN1 
he_PPHS1 had_VHD not_XX bothered_VVN to_II voice_NN1 his_APPGE concern_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL When_CS the_AT Federation_NNJ of_IO Labour_NNJ adopted_VVD the_AT 
Working_JJ Women_NN2 's_GE Charter_NN1 however_RR ,_, he_PPHS1 became_VVD 
angry_JJ and_CC knew_VVD he_PPHS1 could_VM no_RR21 longer_RR22 remain_VVI 
one_MC1 of_IO the_AT silent_JJ majority_NN ._. 

^ ^_NULL As_II a_AT1 result_NN1 he_PPHS1 became_VVD actively_RR involved_JJ 
in_II promoting_VVG the_AT rights_NN2 of_IO the_AT unborn_JJ and_CC the_AT 
care_NN1 and_CC support_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE mothers_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL From_II 1974_MC to_II 1984_MC some_DD fifty-seven_MC 
thousand_NNO abortions_NN2 were_VBDR reported_VVN in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Each_DD1 of_IO them_PPHO2 affected_VVD at_RR21 least_RR22 one_MC1 
person_NN1 in_II some_DD way_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ the_AT woman_NN1 or_CC girl_NN1 herself_PPX1 ,_, 
her_APPGE husband_NN1 or_CC boyfriend_NN1 ,_, her_APPGE parents_NN2 and_CC 
brothers_NN2 and_CC sisters_NN2 ,_, her_APPGE close_JJ friends_NN2 ,_, the_AT 
doctors_NN2 and_CC nurses_NN2 and_CC counsellors_NN2 ..._... there_EX was_VBDZ 
also_RR her_APPGE unborn_JJ child_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL By_II the_AT early_JJ 1980s_MC2 the_AT demographic_JJ 
impact_NN1 was_VBDZ starting_VVG to_TO bite_VVI ._. 

^ ^_NULL Each_DD1 year_NNT1 New_NP Zealand_NP1 's_GE live_JJ births_NN2 
decreased_VVD ._. 

^ ^_NULL Fewer_DAR maternity_NN1 facilities_NN2 were_VBDR needed_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL Smaller_JJR maternity_NN1 hospitals_NN2 were_VBDR closing_VVG down_RP 
and_CC some_DD of_IO those_DD2 that_CST remained_VVD open_RR needed_VVN 
fewer_DAR staff_NN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL As_II the_AT birthrate_NN1 dropped_VVD ,_, there_EX was_VBDZ 
a_AT1 decrease_NN1 in_II the_AT demand_NN1 for_IF goods_NN2 and_CC 
services_NN2 needed_VVN for_IF toddlers_NN2 and_CC pre-school_JJ children_NN2 
._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT numbers_NN2 attending_VVG kindergarten_NN1 and_CC 
playcentres_NN2 dropped_VVN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Soon_RR the_AT impact_NN1 was_VBDZ being_VBG felt_VVN in_II 
the_AT schools_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Fewer_DAR children_NN2 meant_VVD fewer_DAR teachers_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Classrooms_NN2 were_VBDR standing_VVG empty_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Training_VVG Colleges_NN2 were_VBDR forced_VVN to_TO drop_VVI 
their_APPGE intake_NN1 of_IO trainee_NN1 teachers_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II 1983_MC the_AT country_NN1 's_GE Catholic_JJ Bishops_NN2 
issued_VVD a_AT1 statement_NN1 which_DDQ said_VVD *"_" ^_NULL New_NP 
Zealand_NP1 is_VBZ killing_VVG a_AT1 classroom_NN1 of_IO children_NN2 
every_AT1 school_NN1 day_NNT1 ._. **"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II the_AT quiet_JJ there_EX was_VBDZ unease_NN1 where_CS 
before_CS there_EX had_VHD been_VBN angry_JJ confrontation_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ in_II this_DD1 setting_NN1 that_CST the_AT 
dynamics_NN of_IO the_AT abortion_NN1 issue_NN1 changed_VVD gear_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL At_II this_DD1 point_NN1 a_AT1 new_JJ development_NN1 took_VVD 
place_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 involved_VVD a_AT1 doctor_NN1 who_PNQS dared_VVD to_TO 
rock_VVI the_AT boat_NN1 ._. 

^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL *<_NULL *4_NULL 26_MC *>_NULL 

^ *<_NULL A_AT1 Doctor_NN1 Carries_VVZ the_AT Banner_NP1 Into_II the_AT 
Courts_NN2 *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL In_II the_AT dying_JJ days_NNT2 of_IO 1981_MC ,_, 
a_AT1 fifteen-year-old_NN1 was_VBDZ admitted_VVN to_II Taranaki_JJ Base_NN1 
Hospital_NNL1 in_II New_JJ Plymouth_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 had_VHD been_VBN referred_VVN there_RL with_IW symptoms_NN2 
of_IO a_AT1 recent_JJ origin_NN1 together_II21 with_II22 a_AT1 background_NN1 
history_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 heart_NN1 murmur_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT doctor_NN1 attending_VVG her_PPHO1 found_VVD the_AT heart_NN1 
murmur_NN1 had_VHD no_AT medical_JJ significance_NN1 but_CCB he_PPHS1 did_VDD 
find_VVI something_PN1 else_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL Tests_NN2 confirmed_VVD that_CST his_APPGE patient_NN1 was_VBDZ 
expecting_VVG a_AT1 baby_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT doctor_NN1 discussed_VVD his_APPGE finding_NN1 with_IW 
the_AT young_JJ girl_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 accepted_VVD the_AT situation_NN1 and_CC told_VVD him_PPHO1 
she_PPHS1 intended_VVD to_TO place_VVI her_APPGE baby_NN1 for_IF adoption_NN1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 explained_VVD that_CST she_PPHS1 was_VBDZ not_XX ready_JJ 
to_TO take_VVI on_RP the_AT responsibilities_NN2 of_IO motherhood_NN1 and_CC 
wanted_VVD to_TO finish_VVI her_APPGE schooling_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 told_VVD the_AT doctor_NN1 there_EX were_VBDR many_DA2 
couples_NN2 able_JJ to_TO love_VVI and_CC adopt_VVI her_APPGE baby_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL When_CS he_PPHS1 asked_VVD if_CSW she_PPHS1 had_VHD or_CC 
would_VM consider_VVI an_AT1 abortion_NN1 ,_, she_PPHS1 told_VVD him_PPHO1 
that_CST this_DD1 would_VM be_VBI *"_" killing_VVG the_AT baby_NN1 **"_" 
which_DDQ she_PPHS1 would_VM not_XX consider_VVI ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL When_CS her_APPGE parents_NN2 were_VBDR told_VVN about_II 
the_AT pregnancy_NN1 ,_, they_PPHS2 were_VBDR quite_RG naturally_RR upset_VVN 
but_CCB they_PPHS2 accepted_VVD the_AT situation_NN1 along_II21 with_II22 
the_AT offer_NN1 of_IO support_NN1 which_DDQ the_AT doctor_NN1 told_VVD 
them_PPHO2 was_VBDZ available_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL When_CS the_AT young_JJ girl_NN1 was_VBDZ discharged_VVN from_II 
hospital_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 was_VBDZ on_II the_AT understanding_NN1 that_CST 
there_EX would_VM be_VBI a_AT1 follow-up_NN1 from_II the_AT doctor_NN1 as_CC31 
well_CC32 as_CC33 from_II the_AT hospital_NN1 's_GE social_JJ worker_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Within_II days_NNT2 a_AT1 request_NN1 was_VBDZ made_VVN 
on_II31 behalf_II32 of_II33 the_AT young_JJ girl_NN1 ,_, through_II the_AT 
deputising_JJ family_NN doctor_NN1 ,_, for_IF a_AT1 referral_NN1 to_II two_MC 
certifying_JJ consultants_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Following_VVG a_AT1 brief_JJ interview_NN1 with_IW the_AT 
consultants_NN2 ,_, the_AT abortion_NN1 was_VBDZ authorised_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL Certificates_NN2 were_VBDR issued_VVN on_II the_AT grounds_NN2 
that_CST the_AT young_JJ girl_NN1 had_VHD a_AT1 serious_JJ danger_NN1 to_II 
her_APPGE mental_JJ health_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL When_CS the_AT hospital_NN1 doctor_NN1 who_PNQS had_VHD 
attended_VVN the_AT young_JJ girl_NN1 realised_VVD what_DDQ had_VHD 
happened_VVN ,_, he_PPHS1 could_VM not_XX let_VVI the_AT matter_NN1 pass_NN1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 knew_VVD there_EX was_VBDZ no_AT medical_JJ 
justification_NN1 for_IF taking_VVG the_AT life_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 patient_NN1 
's_GE unborn_JJ child_NN1 and_CC he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ also_RR concerned_JJ 
about_II the_AT wellbeing_NN1 of_IO the_AT girl_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL From_II his_APPGE detailed_JJ assessment_NN1 ,_, he_PPHS1 
believed_VVD her_APPGE interests_NN2 would_VM be_VBI jeopardised_VVN if_CS 
she_PPHS1 were_VBDR to_TO go_VVI ahead_RL with_IW this_DD1 abortion_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT doctor_NN1 realised_VVD that_CST the_AT only_JJ way_NN1 
he_PPHS1 would_VM be_VBI able_JK to_TO stop_VVI the_AT abortion_NN1 
proceeding_VVG would_VM be_VBI through_II the_AT courts_NN2 where_RRQ 
certificates_NN2 authorising_VVG abortion_NN1 could_VM be_VBI challenged_VVN 
._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 raised_VVD a_AT1 dilemma_NN1 for_IF him_PPHO1 because_CS 
there_EX were_VBDR a_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO matters_NN2 to_TO be_VBI 
considered_VVN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT first_MD of_IO these_DD2 considerations_NN2 related_VVN 
to_II the_AT medical_JJ profession_NN1 's_VBZ traditional_JJ ethical_JJ 
code_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 code_NN1 expressly_RR stated_VVN ,_, *"_" ^_NULL I_PPIS1 
will_VM respect_VVI the_AT secrets_NN2 which_DDQ are_VBR confided_VVN in_II 
me_PPIO1 **"_" and_CC it_PPH1 also_RR stated_VVN ,_, *"_" ^_NULL I_PPIS1 
will_VM maintain_VVI the_AT utmost_JJ respect_NN1 for_IF human_JJ life_NN1 
from_II the_AT time_NNT1 of_IO conception_NN1 ;_; even_RR under_II threat_NN1 
,_, I_PPIS1 will_VM not_XX use_VVI my_APPGE medical_JJ knowledge_NN1 
contrary_II21 to_II22 the_AT laws_NN2 of_IO humanity_NN1 ._. **"_" 

^ ^_NULL Melvyn_NP1 Wall_NN1 knew_VVD these_DD2 principles_NN2 were_VBDR 
the_AT cornerstone_NN1 of_IO ethical_JJ practice_NN1 and_CC were_VBDR the_AT 
very_JJ basis_NN1 of_IO the_AT trust_NN1 and_CC respect_NN1 accorded_VVD 
his_APPGE profession_NN1 ._. 

^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 164+TEXT+F21_FO **]_NULL 

^ |_NULL *'_" ^_NULL Why_RRQ fuss_VVI over_RP your_APPGE kids_NN2 ,_, 
making_VVG them_PPHO2 clean_VVI their_APPGE teeth_NN2 ,_, if_CS you_PPY 
are_VBR just_RR going_VVGK to_TO let_VVI them_PPHO2 get_VV0 blown_VVN to_II 
bits_NN2 by_II a_AT1 nuclear_JJ bomb_NN1 ?_? 

^ **'_" |_NULL ^_NULL My_APPGE son_NN1 was_VBDZ three_MC years_NNT2 old_JJ 
when_CS I_PPIS1 heard_VVD \_NULL Dr_NNB Helen_NP1 Caldicott_NP1 ask_VV0 
this_DD1 question_NN1 at_II a_AT1 packed_JJ meeting_NN1 in_II Auckland_NP1 
's_GE {_NULL Y.M.C.A._NP1 }_NULL on_II 10_MC April_NPM1 1983_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 felt_VVD a_AT1 hole_NN1 open_VVI up_RP in_II my_APPGE 
stomach_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 stumbled_VVD out_II21 of_II22 the_AT hall_NN1 ,_, threw_VVD 
10_MC dollars_NNU2 into_II a_AT1 donation_NN1 box_NN1 ,_, and_CC went_VVD 
home_RL ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB giving_VVG away_RP money_NN1 did_VDD n't_XX change_VVI 
anything_PN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 needed_VVD to_TO do_VDI much_RR more_RRR than_CSN that_DD1 
._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL A_DD221 few_DD222 days_NNT2 later_RRR 150_MC women_NN2 met_VVD 
together_RL to_TO talk_VVI about_II what_DDQ more_RRR we_PPIS2 could_VM do_VDI 
._. 

^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 decided_VVD to_TO have_VHI a_AT1 peace_NN1 parade_NN1 up_II 
Queen_NN1 Street_NN1 on_II 24_MC May_NP1 *-_- International_JJ Women_NN2 's_GE 
Day_NNT1 for_IF Nuclear_JJ Disarmament_NN1 *-_- and_CC to_TO invite_VVI 
women_NN2 and_CC children_NN2 from_II all_RR over_II Auckland_NP1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL About_RG eight_MC of_IO the_AT women_NN2 at_II that_DD1 
meeting_NN1 were_VBDR from_II my_APPGE own_DA neighbourhood_NN ._. 

^ ^_NULL None_PN of_IO us_PPIO2 had_VHN media_NN skills_NN2 ,_, nor_CC did_VDD 
we_PPIS2 have_VHI the_AT money_NN1 for_IF newspaper_NN1 ads_NN2 ,_, but_CCB 
we_PPIS2 quickly_RR spread_VVD the_AT word_NN1 through_II our_APPGE own_DA 
personal_JJ networks_NN2 *-_- through_II our_APPGE contacts_NN2 with_IW 
other_JJ Plunket_NP1 mothers_NN2 ,_, playcentre_NN1 and_CC kindergarten_NN1 
parents_NN2 ,_, our_APPGE churches_NN2 ,_, vegetable_NN1 cooperatives_NN2 ,_, 
other_JJ local_JJ volunteer_NN1 groups_NN2 ,_, as_CC31 well_CC32 as_CC33 
our_APPGE workplaces_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 found_VVD that_CST there_EX was_VBDZ ready_JJ sympathy_NN1 
with_IW the_AT moral_JJ issues_NN2 raised_VVN by_II the_AT possibility_NN1 
of_IO nuclear_JJ war_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL And_CC we_PPIS2 knew_VVD which_DDQ shops_NN2 and_CC offices_NN2 
would_VM be_VBI sympathetic_JJ to_II displaying_VVG our_APPGE posters_NN2 
and_CC gathering_VVG signatures_NN2 for_IF our_APPGE local_JJ petition_NN1 
to_II the_AT council_NNJ ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL At_II this_DD1 stage_NN1 none_PN of_IO our_APPGE group_NN 
had_VHD heard_VVN of_IO Larry_NP1 Ross_NP1 ,_, Maire_NP1 Leadbeater_NP1 ,_, 
Hilda_NP1 Halkyard-Harawira_NP1 and_CC Owen_NP1 Wilkes_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 later_RRR realised_VVD that_CST they_PPHS2 ,_, and_CC 
many_DA2 others_NN2 like_II them_PPHO2 ,_, have_VH0 provided_VVN invaluable_JJ 
resource_NN1 material_NN1 ,_, factual_JJ research_NN1 ,_, inspiration_NN1 
and_CC encouragement_NN1 within_II the_AT wider_JJR peace_NN1 movement_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL For_REX21 instance_REX22 ,_, many_DA2 of_IO the_AT 101_MC 
nuclear-free_JJ zones_NN2 around_II the_AT country_NN1 have_VH0 been_VBN 
established_VVN thanks_NN2 to_II the_AT support_NN1 of_IO Larry_NP1 Ross_NP1 
and_CC the_AT Nuclear_JJ Weapon_NN1 Free_JJ Zone_NN1 Committee_NNJ in_II 
Christchurch_NP1 ._. 

^ Maire_NP1 Leadbeater_NP1 and_CC {_NULL C.N.D._NP }_NULL helped_VVD us_PPIO2 
learn_VVI how_RRQ to_TO lobby_VVI politicians_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Hilda_NP1 **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL Halkyard-Harawira_NP1 and_CC 
{_NULL P.P.A.N.A.C._NP1 }_NULL ,_, with_IW the_AT Pacific-wide_JJ network_NN1 
organised_VVD through_II Pacific_NP1 Concerns_NN2 Resource_VV0 Centre_NN1 
in_II Hawaii_NP1 ,_, made_VVD us_PPIO2 much_RR more_RGR aware_JJ of_IO the_AT 
*'_" nuclear_JJ war_NN1 **'_" which_DDQ has_VHZ been_VBN carried_VVN on_RP 
in_II the_AT Pacific_NP1 region_NN1 since_II 6_MC August_NPM1 1945_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL And_CC Owen_NP1 Wilkes_NP1 ,_, with_IW his_APPGE work_NN1 for_IF 
{_NULL S.I.P.R.I._NP1 }_NULL (_( Stockholm_NP1 International_JJ Peace_NN1 
Research_NN1 Institute_NNJ )_) and_CC later_RRR with_IW the_AT New_NP 
Zealand_NP1 peace_NN1 movement_NN1 through_II Peace_NN1 Movement_NNJ 
Aotearoa_NP1 ,_, provided_CS world-standard_JJ research_NN1 on_II global_JJ 
and_CC local_JJ aspects_NN2 of_IO the_AT arms_NN2 race_VV0 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Our_APPGE local_JJ group_NN had_VHD decided_VVN to_TO go_VVI 
to_II the_AT borough_NN1 council_NNJ and_CC ask_VVI them_PPHO2 to_TO 
declare_VVI our_APPGE borough_NN1 nuclear-free_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL As_CSA it_PPH1 turned_VVD out_RP ,_, we_PPIS2 were_VBDR going_VVGK 
to_TO have_VHI to_TO do_VDI a_PN21 lot_PN22 more_RRR than_CSN just_RR ask_VV0 
._. 

^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 organised_VVD a_AT1 petition_NN1 to_II the_AT council_NNJ 
and_CC ,_, in_II only_RR 10_MC days_NNT2 ,_, managed_VVD to_TO get_VVI 2500_MC 
signatures_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Twenty_MC thousand_NNO women_NN2 and_CC children_NN2 joined_VVD 
our_APPGE march_NN1 on_II 24_MC May_NPM1 ,_, but_CCB when_CS our_APPGE 
small_JJ group_NN went_VVD to_II the_AT council_NNJ with_IW our_APPGE 
petition_NN1 that_DD1 night_NNT1 ,_, the_AT mayor_NN1 opposed_VVD us_PPIO2 ,_, 
and_CC we_PPIS2 were_VBDR defeated_VVN on_II a_AT1 technicality_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Several_DA2 of_IO the_AT councillors_NN2 sneered_VVD at_II us_PPIO2 
,_, and_CC belittled_VVD our_APPGE arguments_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 seemed_VVD determined_VVN not_XX to_TO hear_VVI us_PPIO2 
._. 

^ ^_NULL So_RR this_DD1 was_VBDZ democracy_NN1 in_II action_NN1 ?_? 

^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 were_VBDR outraged_VVN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL One_MC1 of_IO the_AT problems_NN2 with_IW the_AT peace_NN1 
parade_NN1 was_VBDZ that_CST it_PPH1 was_VBDZ for_IF women_NN2 only_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL Lots_PN of_IO men_NN2 said_VVD that_CST they_PPHS2 wanted_VVD to_TO 
be_VBI involved_VVN ,_, too_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL So_RR we_PPIS2 set_VV0 up_RP a_AT1 neighbourhood_NN peace_NN1 
group_NN in_II our_APPGE area_NN1 to_TO carry_VVI on_RP after_II 24_MC 
May_NPM1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT first_MD meeting_NN1 was_VBDZ held_VVN the_AT night_NNT1 
after_II the_AT council_NNJ meeting_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Forty-five_MC men_NN2 and_CC women_NN2 turned_VVD up_RP ._. 

^ ^_NULL Even_RR the_AT mayor_NN1 's_VBZ wife_NN1 turned_VVD up_RP ._. 

^ ^_NULL 1983_MC was_VBDZ the_AT year_NNT1 of_IO the_AT local_JJ body_NN1 
elections_NN2 and_CC already_RR our_APPGE group_NN was_VBDZ seen_VVN to_TO 
have_VHI potential_NN1 for_IF political_JJ influence_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL We_PPIS2 invited_VVD Marion_NP1 Hancock_NP1 from_II the_AT 
North_NP Shore_NP1 Peace_NN1 Group_NNJ to_TO bring_VVI us_PPIO2 their_APPGE 
leaflets_NN2 on_II how_RRQ to_TO start_VVI a_AT1 peace_NN1 group_NN and_CC 
to_TO talk_VVI about_II what_DDQ we_PPIS2 might_VM do_VDI ._. 

^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 discovered_VVD that_CST we_PPIS2 had_VHD well_RR and_CC 
truly_RR started_VVD already_RR !_! 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT group_NN which_DDQ formed_VVD was_VBDZ very_RG open_JJ 
._. 

^ ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ no_AT executive_NN committee_NNJ ,_, no_AT 
hierarchical_JJ structure_NN1 ,_, no_AT chairperson_NN1 ,_, and_CC no_AT 
subscriptions_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 rotated_VVD or_CC shared_VVD all_DB the_AT tasks_NN2 to_TO 
do_VDI with_IW the_AT running_NN1 of_IO the_AT group_NN ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT beginning_NN1 we_PPIS2 held_VVD our_APPGE meetings_NN2 
in_II a_AT1 church_NN1 hall_NN1 ,_, but_CCB this_DD1 was_VBDZ very_RG 
expensive_JJ for_IF a_AT1 group_NN with_IW no_AT money_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL So_RR we_PPIS2 met_VVD in_II our_APPGE own_DA homes_NN2 ,_, going_VVG 
to_II a_AT1 different_JJ house_NN1 each_DD1 time_NNT1 ,_, and_CC getting_VVG 
to_TO know_VVI each_PPX221 other_PPX222 very_RG well_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 all_DB took_VVD turns_NN2 at_II facilitating_VVG 
meetings_NN2 ,_, drawing_VVG up_RP the_AT agenda_NN1 at_II the_AT start_NN1 
of_IO each_DD1 meeting_NN1 ,_, and_CC jointly_RR determining_VVG the_AT 
priorities_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Decisions_NN2 were_VBDR made_VVN by_II those_DD2 who_PNQS actually_RR 
came_VVD to_II the_AT meetings_NN2 ,_, using_VVG the_AT consensus_NN1 
approach_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 found_VVD that_CST decisions_NN2 made_VVN in_II this_DD1 
way_NN1 usually_RR had_VHN strong_JJ commitment_NN1 from_II members_NN2 to_TO 
see_VVI that_CST they_PPHS2 were_VBDR carried_VVN out_RP ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL We_PPIS2 had_VHD no_AT secretary_NN1 and_CC at_II each_DD1 
meeting_NN1 took_VVD turns_NN2 to_TO record_VVI any_DD decisions_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Nor_CC did_VDD we_PPIS2 have_VHI a_AT1 chairperson_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT coordinator_NN1 ,_, or_CC main_JJ contact_NN1 person_NN1 ,_, 
had_VHD the_AT task_NN1 of_IO keeping_VVG in_II31 touch_II32 with_II33 
other_JJ peace_NN1 groups_NN2 in_II the_AT region_NN1 ,_, and_CC of_IO 
channelling_VVG information_NN1 into_II and_CC out_II21 of_II22 our_APPGE 
group_NN ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 job_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN rotated_VVN ,_, but_CCB not_XX 
as_RG easily_RR as_CSA others_NN2 because_II21 of_II22 the_AT commitment_NN1 
required_VVD to_TO keep_VVI your_APPGE ear_NN1 to_II the_AT ground_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT preparation_NN1 and_CC mailing_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE 
newsletter_NN1 was_VBDZ shared_VVN by_RP about_II three_MC people_NN ._. 

^ ^_NULL Urgent_JJ telephone_NN1 messages_NN2 were_VBDR delivered_VVN 
throughout_II the_AT whole_JJ group_NN using_VVG a_AT1 telephone_NN1 tree_NN1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL (_( We_PPIS2 have_VH0 a_AT1 sister_NN1 group_NN in_II England_NP1 ,_, 
near_II Greenham_NP Common_NNL1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 have_VH0 a_AT1 similar_JJ telephone_NN1 network_NN1 and_CC 
discovered_VVD that_CST the_AT phones_NN2 of_IO key_JJ people_NN would_VM 
be_VBI cut_VVN whenever_RRQV a_AT1 protest_NN1 action_NN1 was_VBDZ needed_VVN 
at_II Greenham_NP Common_NNL1 *-_- so_CS they_PPHS2 now_RT take_VV0 dead_JJ 
phones_NN2 as_II a_AT1 signal_NN1 to_TO meet_VVI at_II Greenham_NP Common_NNL1 
!_! )_) 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL We_PPIS2 had_VHD no_AT spokesperson_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Anyone_PN1 who_PNQS attended_VVD meetings_NN2 regularly_RR could_VM 
make_VVI media_NN statements_NN2 on_II31 behalf_II32 of_II33 the_AT group_NN 
,_, so_CS31 long_CS32 as_CS33 they_PPHS2 consulted_VVD first_MD with_IW 
three_MC other_JJ regular_JJ members_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL And_CC we_PPIS2 would_VM often_RR consult_VVI between_II 
ourselves_PPX2 when_CS drafting_VVG letters_NN2 to_II the_AT newspapers_NN2 
._. 

^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 also_RR managed_VVD without_IW a_AT1 treasurer_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL By_II the_AT end_NN1 of_IO the_AT first_MD year_NNT1 we_PPIS2 had_VHD 
three_MC separate_JJ accounts_NN2 :_: one_MC1 for_IF information_NN1 
stalls_NN2 and_CC peace_NN1 stock_NN1 ,_, one_PN1 for_IF the_AT promotion_NN1 
and_CC sale_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 peace_NN1 poster_NN1 and_CC cards_NN2 designed_VVN 
by_II an_AT1 artist_NN1 who_PNQS was_VBDZ a_AT1 member_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE 
group_NN ,_, and_CC one_PN1 for_IF the_AT organisation_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 
peace_NN1 education_NN1 course_NN1 **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL for_IF 
adults_NN2 at_II the_AT teachers_NN2 training_VVG college_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ a_AT1 member_NN1 responsible_JJ for_IF each_DD1 
of_IO these_DD2 accounts_NN2 ,_, depending_II21 on_II22 their_APPGE 
particular_JJ interest_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT whole_JJ idea_NN1 of_IO sharing_VVG and_CC rotating_VVG 
these_DD2 tasks_NN2 was_VBDZ to_TO give_VVI people_NN experience_NN1 ,_, 
and_CC to_TO ensure_VVI that_CST a_AT1 solid_JJ core_NN1 group_NN of_IO 
people_NN felt_VVD involved_VVN and_CC therefore_RR committed_VVD to_II 
keeping_VVG the_AT group_NN alive_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 very_RG supportive_JJ way_NN1 of_IO 
working_VVG ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL We_PPIS2 found_VVD that_CST what_DDQ we_PPIS2 needed_VVD 
most_RRT was_VBDZ not_XX money_NN1 ,_, but_CCB people_NN who_PNQS would_VM 
do_VDI things_NN2 ,_, like_RR collect_VV0 signatures_NN2 door-to-door_JJ 
for_IF the_AT petition_NN1 ;_; design_NN1 and_CC distribute_VV0 10,000_MC 
leaflets_NN2 to_II every_AT1 letter_NN1 box_NN1 in_II our_APPGE borough_NN1 
before_II the_AT local_JJ body_NN1 elections_NN2 ;_; lobby_NN1 local_JJ 
body_NN1 candidates_NN2 prior_II21 to_II22 the_AT elections_NN2 to_TO 
ensure_VVI support_NN1 for_IF the_AT nuclear-free_JJ zone_NN1 ;_; write_VV0 
letters_NN2 to_II local_JJ newspapers_NN2 ;_; organise_NN1 displays_NN2 and_CC 
educational_JJ stalls_NN2 around_II local_JJ shopping_NN1 centres_NN2 ;_; 
and_CC ,_, yes_UH ,_, bake_VV0 cakes_NN2 !_! 

^ ^_NULL After_CS the_AT 1983_MC local_JJ body_NN1 elections_NN2 we_PPIS2 
had_VHD majority_NN support_VV0 within_II the_AT new_JJ council_NNJ for_IF 
a_AT1 nuclear_JJ free_JJ zone_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Many_DA2 women_NN2 now_RT discovered_VVD that_CST our_APPGE 
neighbourhood_NN networks_NN2 were_VBDR very_RG important_JJ for_IF all_DB 
of_IO this_DD1 activity_NN1 ,_, and_CC we_PPIS2 realised_VVD that_CST when_CS 
it_PPH1 comes_VVZ to_II local_JJ politics_NN we_PPIS2 actually_RR have_VH0 
far_RG more_DAR power_NN1 than_CSN a_AT1 lot_NN of_IO the_AT men_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL By_II mid_NN1 1983_MC we_PPIS2 knew_VVD that_CST declaring_VVG 
our_APPGE borough_NN1 nuclear_JJ free_JJ was_VBDZ n't_XX much_DA1 use_NN1 
if_CSW nuclear_JJ bombs_NN2 were_VBDR still_RR able_JK to_TO be_VBI 
brought_VVN into_II the_AT harbour_NN1 just_RR down_II the_AT1 road_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL So_RR we_PPIS2 joined_VVD up_RP with_IW approximately_RR 50_MC 
other_JJ peace_NN1 groups_NN2 in_II the_AT Auckland_NP1 region_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 helped_VVD organise_VV0 the_AT nuclear_JJ free_JJ 
petition_NN1 to_II the_AT Auckland_NP1 Regional_JJ Authority_NN1 and_CC to_II 
the_AT Harbour_NP1 Board_NNJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT Harbour_NP1 Board_NNJ refused_VVD to_TO hear_VVI our_APPGE 
case_NN1 and_CC would_VM n't_XX even_RR allow_VVI us_PPIO2 to_TO present_VVI 
our_APPGE 11,000_MC signature_NN1 petition_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL So_RR much_DA1 for_IF the_AT democratic_JJ process_NN1 ,_, yet_RR 
again_RT !_! 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL For_IF some_DD strange_JJ reason_NN1 the_AT National_JJ 
government_NN was_VBDZ stepping_VVG up_RP the_AT invitations_NN2 for_IF 
ship_NN1 visits_NN2 ,_, usually_RR nuclear-armed_JJ and/or_CC 
nuclear-powered_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL These_DD2 ships_NN2 and_CC submarines_NN2 provided_VVD us_PPIO2 
with_IW a_AT1 very_RG tangible_JJ focus_NN1 for_IF our_APPGE anti-nuclear_JJ 
activity_NN1 and_CC for_IF our_APPGE educational_JJ campaign_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL A_AT1 lot_NN of_IO our_APPGE activity_NN1 became_VVD very_RG 
reactive_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 had_VHD to_TO operate_VVI on_RP very_RG short_JJ notice_NN1 
most_DAT of_IO the_AT time_NNT1 ,_, and_CC most_DAT of_IO us_PPIO2 found_VVD 
it_PPH1 an_AT1 exciting_JJ challenge_NN1 to_TO work_VVI in_II this_DD1 way_NN1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT speed_NN1 with_IW which_DDQ we_PPIS2 had_VHD to_TO react_VVI 
,_, together_II21 with_II22 the_AT lack_NN1 of_IO funds_NN2 for_IF media_NN 
advertising_NN1 ,_, meant_VVD that_CST we_PPIS2 were_VBDR constantly_RR 
thrown_VVN back_RP onto_II our_APPGE personal_JJ networks_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ where_RRQ the_AT telephone_NN1 tree_NN1 
was_VBDZ most_RGT useful_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Each_DD1 group_NN has_VHZ one_MC1 or_CC two_MC main_JJ contact_NN1 
people_NN who_PNQS in_II turn_NN1 can_VM phone_VVI five_MC or_CC six_MC 
other_JJ members_NN2 ,_, who_PNQS each_DD1 have_VH0 a_AT1 list_NN1 of_IO 
other_JJ members_NN2 to_TO phone_VVI ,_, and_RR31 so_RR32 on_RR33 ,_, right_RR 
across_II diverse_JJ sections_NN2 of_IO the_AT community_NNJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II January_NPM1 1985_MC ,_, when_CS the_AT {_NULL USS_NN1 }_NULL 
*1_NULL Buchanan_NP1 *0_NULL was_VBDZ due_JJ to_TO visit_VVI Auckland_NP1 ,_, 
with_IW the_AT telephone_NN1 network_NN1 it_PPH1 took_VVD only_RR 48_MC 
hours_NNT2 to_TO gather_VVI between_II 20,000_MC and_CC 25,000_MC people_NN 
in_II Queen_NNB Street_NP1 to_TO oppose_VVI the_AT visit_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL As_CSA it_PPH1 turned_VVD out_RP ,_, by_II the_AT time_NNT1 of_IO 
the_AT demonstration_NN1 it_PPH1 became_VVD a_AT1 celebration_NN1 of_IO the_AT 
Labour_JJ government_NN 's_GE decision_NN1 to_TO ban_VVI the_AT entry_NN1 
of_IO the_AT *1_NULL Buchanan_NP1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT ship_NN1 visits_VVZ also_RR provided_VVN an_AT1 
important_JJ focus_NN1 for_IF our_APPGE deep_JJ anger_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 
political_JJ system_NN1 which_DDQ seemed_VVD designed_VVN to_TO silence_VVI 
us_PPIO2 ,_, and_CC with_IW politicians_NN2 who_PNQS seemed_VVD determined_VVN 
not_XX to_TO hear_VVI us_PPIO2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 wanted_VVD nuclear-armed_JJ and_CC nuclear-powered_JJ 
vessels_NN2 banned_VVD from_II {_NULL NZ_NP }_NULL waters_NN2 and_CC ports_NN2 
,_, and_CC we_PPIS2 wanted_VVD a_AT1 government_NN prepared_VVD to_TO put_VVI 
this_DD1 into_II law_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 became_VVD a_AT1 major_JJ campaign_NN1 leading_VVG up_II21 
to_II22 the_AT general_JJ elections_NN2 in_II 1984_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 called_VVD it_PPH1 the_AT Votes_NN2 for_IF Peace_NN1 
campaign_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Local_JJ neighbourhood_NN peace_NN1 groups_NN2 had_VHD an_AT1 
important_JJ role_NN1 to_TO play_VVI in_II this_DD1 campaign_NN1 ,_, 
lobbying_VVG candidates_NN2 from_II all_DB the_AT political_JJ parties_NN2 ,_, 
letter-writing_JJ furiously_RR ,_, organising_VVG public_JJ debates_NN2 on_II 
the_AT issue_NN1 ,_, producing_VVG and_CC distributing_VVG leaflets_NN2 in_II 
the_AT marginal_JJ electorates_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT 1983_MC local_JJ body_NN1 elections_NN2 had_VHD been_VBN 
an_AT1 excellent_JJ training_NN1 ground_NN1 and_CC we_PPIS2 realised_VVD 
that_CST we_PPIS2 had_VHD learnt_VVN a_PN21 lot_PN22 as_II a_AT1 result_NN1 
of_IO the_AT nuclear_JJ ships_NN2 campaign_VV0 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Most_DAT of_IO all_DB we_PPIS2 had_VHD learnt_VVN how_RRQ to_TO 
cooperate_VVI within_II the_AT peace_NN1 movement_NN1 ,_, despite_II the_AT 
enormous_JJ diversity_NN1 of_IO skills_NN2 ,_, ages_NN2 ,_, political_JJ 
affiliations_NN2 and_CC values_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ difficult_JJ ,_, and_CC we_PPIS2 had_VHD many_DA2 
opportunities_NN2 to_TO practise_VVI non-violent_JJ conflict_NN1 
resolution_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL By_II the_AT time_NNT1 of_IO the_AT general_JJ elections_NN2 
in_II mid_NN1 1984_MC there_EX were_VBDR approximately_RR 300_MC peace_NN1 
groups_NN2 spread_VV0 throughout_II the_AT rural_JJ and_CC urban_JJ areas_NN2 
of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT majority_NN of_IO these_DD2 were_VBDR local_JJ community_NNJ 
or_CC neighbourhood_NN peace_NN1 groups_NN2 whose_DDQGE members_NN2 were_VBDR 
intimately_RR linked_VVN with_IW the_AT values_NN2 and_CC attitudes_NN2 of_IO 
their_APPGE area_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL For_IF this_DD1 reason_NN1 these_DD2 groups_NN2 have_VH0 had_VHN 
a_AT1 unique_JJ role_NN1 to_TO play_VVI in_II the_AT recent_JJ history_NN1 
of_IO the_AT peace_NN1 movement_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL There_EX seemed_VVD to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 peace_NN1 group_NN to_TO 
suit_VVI every_AT1 kind_NN1 of_IO New_JJ Zealander_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Some_DD had_VHD large_JJ memberships_NN2 and_CC campaigned_VVD on_II 
a_AT1 variety_NN1 of_IO different_JJ issues_NN2 related_VVN to_II the_AT 
themes_NN2 of_IO peace_NN1 and_CC justice_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Others_NN2 were_VBDR smaller_JJR and_CC had_VHD to_TO focus_VVI 
their_APPGE energies_NN2 on_II one_MC1 or_CC two_MC issues_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ a_AT1 lot_NN of_IO cross-fertilisation_NN1 
,_, especially_RR where_CS you_PPY might_VM have_VHI a_AT1 member_NN1 of_IO 
an_AT1 occupational_JJ group_NN like_II doctors_NN2 or_CC teachers_NN2 also_RR 
actively_RR involved_JJ in_II their_APPGE local_JJ neighbourhood_NN or_CC 
church_NN1 group_NN ,_, for_REX21 instance_REX22 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT range_NN1 of_IO occupational_JJ groups_NN2 became_VVD quite_RG 
extensive_JJ ,_, with_IW special-interest_JJ groups_NN2 forming_VVG for_IF 
scientists_NN2 ,_, engineers_NN2 ,_, psychologists_NN2 ,_, visual_JJ 
artists_NN2 ,_, lawyers_NN2 ,_, teachers_NN2 and_CC doctors_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT variety_NN1 of_IO women_NN2 's_GE groups_NN2 often_RR 
catered_VVD for_IF needs_NN2 not_XX met_VVN by_II membership_NN in_II 
these_DD2 other_JJ groups_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL And_CC then_RT there_EX were_VBDR groups_NN2 like_II Peace_NN1 
Squadron_NN1 which_DDQ had_VHD a_AT1 very_RG clearly_RR defined_JJ 
campaign_NN1 and_CC role_NN1 in_II direct_JJ action_NN1 out_RP on_II the_AT 
harbour_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL A_AT1 key_JJ function_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 peace_NN1 group_NN ,_, 
whatever_DDQV the_AT campaign_NN1 ,_, was_VBDZ to_TO provide_VVI a_AT1 
support_NN1 base_NN1 for_IF individuals_NN2 wanting_VVG to_TO change_VVI 
the_AT system_NN1 from_II within_RL ._. 

^ ^_NULL Teachers_NN2 for_REX21 instance_REX22 found_VVN it_PPH1 very_RG 
important_JJ to_TO have_VHI this_DD1 support_NN1 base_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL And_CC the_AT base_NN1 widened_VVD when_RRQ ,_, from_RR41 time_RR42 
to_RR43 time_RR44 ,_, loose_JJ coalitions_NN2 of_IO groups_NN2 inside_RL 
and_CC outside_II the_AT peace_NN1 movement_NN1 took_VVD up_RP the_AT 
campaign_NN1 focus_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 special-interest_JJ group_NN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL This_DD1 cross-fertilisation_NN1 between_II groups_NN2 
occurred_VVD nationally_RR as_CC31 well_CC32 as_CC33 regionally_RR ,_, 
through_II the_AT personal_JJ contacts_NN2 which_DDQ developed_VVD around_II 
the_AT country_NN1 ._. 

^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 165+TEXT+F22_FO **]_NULL 

^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL All_DB the_AT primitive_JJ 
instincts_NN2 were_VBDR showing_VVG ._. 

^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 were_VBDR like_II that_DD1 for_IF 30_MC seconds_NNT2 *-_- 
30_MC years_NNT2 *-_- who_PNQS knows_VVZ ?_? 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 seemed_VVD a_AT1 long_JJ time_NNT1 ._. **"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Geoff_NP1 Chapple_NP1 went_VVD to_TO Waiheke_NP Island_NNL1 
to_TO interview_VVI the_AT couple_NN1 who_PNQS had_VHD taken_VVN the_AT 
young_JJ child_NN1 out_RP right_RR to_II the_AT very_JJ bow_NN1 of_IO the_AT 
*1_NULL Pintado_NN1 *0_NULL and_CC whose_DDQGE action_NN1 was_VBDZ 
condemned_VVN in_II the_AT press_NN from_II one_MC1 end_NN1 of_IO the_AT 
country_NN1 to_II the_AT other_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Dave_NP1 Wray_NP1 (_( 39_MC )_) said_VVD that_CST he_PPHS1 acted_VVD 
independently_RR of_IO the_AT Peace_NN1 Squadron_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ his_APPGE own_DA protest_NN1 in_II his_APPGE own_DA 
way_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL With_IW Jill_NP1 Drewery_NP1 and_CC their_APPGE two-year_JJ old_JJ 
son_NN1 they_PPHS2 had_VHD set_VVN out_RP from_II Waiheke_NP1 that_DD1 
morning_NNT1 in_II a_AT1 12_MC \_NULL ft._NNU wooden_JJ dinghy_NN1 with_IW 
a_AT1 4_MC 1/2_MF \_NULL hp_NNU ._. 

^ Seagull_NN1 motor_NN1 on_II the_AT back_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" I_PPIS1 keep_VV0 out_II21 of_II22 politics_NN ,_, **"_" 
he_PPHS1 said_VVD ._. 

^ ^_NULL *"_" I_PPIS1 've_VH0 been_VBN here_RL for_IF 20_MC years_NNT2 ,_, 
and_CC I_PPIS1 'm_VBM proud_JJ to_TO say_VVI I_MC1 've_VH0 never_RR voted_VVN 
._. 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 turn_VV0 wood_NN1 ,_, and_CC fish_NN for_IF a_AT1 living_JJ 
,_, but_CCB when_RRQ I_PPIS1 heard_VVD the_AT sub_NN1 was_VBDZ coming_VVG 
in_RP ,_, I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ incensed_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ my_APPGE personal_JJ act_NN1 of_IO conscience_NN1 
._. **"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" I_PPIS1 've_VH0 got_VVN five_MC kids_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 want_VV0 these_DD2 waters_NN2 to_TO be_VBI safe_JJ for_IF 
them_PPHO2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT Hauraki_NP Gulf_NNL1 is_VBZ their_APPGE backyard_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT son_NN1 that_CST I_PPIS1 took_VVD out_RP is_VBZ called_VVN 
Leif_NP1 Eriksson_NP1 ,_, after_CS the_AT Norwegian_JJ explorer_NN1 ,_, and_CC 
he_PPHS1 'll_VM be_VBI a_AT1 child_NN1 of_IO the_AT water_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 're_VBR always_RR in_II boats_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 know_VV0 
how_RRQ to_TO handle_VVI them_PPHO2 ,_, and_CC he_PPHS1 had_VHD a_AT1 life_NN1 
jacket_NN1 ._. **"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" It_PPH1 was_VBDZ for_IF him_PPHO1 and_CC all_DB the_AT 
kids_NN2 coming_VVG up_RP ,_, that_CST we_PPIS2 want_VV0 these_DD2 waters_NN2 
to_TO remain_VVI safe_JJ from_II the_AT accidents_NN2 possible_JJ with_IW 
nuclear_JJ power_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT nuclear_JJ weapons_NN2 these_DD2 
things_NN2 carry_VV0 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 's_VBZ their_APPGE playground_NN1 ._. **"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" I_PPIS1 said_VVD to_II Jill_NP1 on_II the_AT way_NN1 
out_RP ,_, *'_" ^_NULL If_CS we_PPIS2 get_VV0 the_AT chance_NN1 ,_, do_VD0 
we_PPIS2 go_VVI right_RR in_II ?_? 

^ **'_" ^_NULL And_CC she_PPHS1 said_VVD ,_, yes_UH ._. 

^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 thought_VVD that_CST you_PPY must_VM meet_VVI fire_NN1 
with_IW fire_NN1 ._. **"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Wray_NP1 got_VVD his_APPGE chance_NN1 and_CC rammed_VVD 
*1_NULL Pintado_NP1 *0_NULL deliberately_RR ,_, at_II a_AT1 closing_JJ 
speed_NN1 he_PPHS1 estimates_VVZ was_VBDZ four_MC knots_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" I_PPIS1 assessed_VVD the_AT situation_NN1 ,_, and_CC 
it_PPH1 did_VDD n't_XX feel_VVI dangerous_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 went_VVD right_RR up_RP on_II his_APPGE deck_NN1 ,_, and_CC 
slewed_VVD off_RP again_RT and_CC sat_VVD on_II the_AT water_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 got_VVD our_APPGE opportunity_NN1 to_TO go_VVI in_RP and_CC 
we_PPIS2 took_VVD it_PPH1 ,_, and_CC we_PPIS2 'll_VM do_VDI it_PPH1 again_RT 
._. **"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Jill_NP1 took_VVD Leif_NP1 in_II her_APPGE arms_NN2 as_II 
the_AT collision_NN1 approached_VVD ._. 

^ ^_NULL *"_" He_PPHS1 'd_VHD been_VBN sleeping_VVG in_II the_AT forepeak_NN1 
,_, but_CCB he_PPHS1 woke_VVD up_RP with_IW the_AT noise_NN1 of_IO the_AT 
helicopters_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL As_CSA we_PPIS2 lay_VVD across_II the_AT bows_NN2 ,_, I_PPIS1 
was_VBDZ yelling_VVG out_RP to_II the_AT skipper_NN1 of_IO the_AT sub_NN1 ,_, 
*'_" ^_NULL Go_NN1 home_RL !_! 

^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 do_VD0 n't_XX want_VVI you_PPY !_! 

^ **'_" **"_" |_NULL ^_NULL They_PPHS2 drifted_VVD down_RP beside_II the_AT 
submarine_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Then_RT ,_, said_VVD Jill_NP1 ,_, *"_" ^_NULL All_DB hell_NN1 
broke_VVD loose_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT submarine_NN1 took_VVD off_RP at_II that_DD1 stage_NN1 ,_, 
and_CC that_DD1 was_VBDZ the_AT most_RGT scary_JJ and_CC dangerous_JJ 
thing_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ a_AT1 fantastic_JJ turbulence_NN1 ,_, and_CC 
I_PPIS1 lost_VVD my_APPGE jacket_NN1 overboard_RL ._. **"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT *1_NULL Waikato_NP1 *0_NULL had_VHD seen_VVN a_AT1 
gap_NN1 in_II the_AT protest_NN1 fleet_NNJ ,_, and_CC went_VVD through_II 
it_PPH1 ,_, with_IW the_AT *1_NULL Pintado_NN1 *0_NULL following_VVG ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX were_VBDR many_DA2 other_JJ incidents_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT water_NN1 was_VBDZ alive_JJ with_IW boats_NN2 of_IO all_DB 
shapes_NN2 and_CC sizes_NN2 which_DDQ were_VBDR attempting_VVG to_II buzz_FU 
or_CC ram_NN1 the_AT *1_NULL Pintado_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL *0_NULL As_II the_AT Chairman_NN1 of_IO the_AT Auckland_NP1 
District_NN1 Maori_JJ Council_NNJ ,_, \_NULL Dr._NNB Ranginui_NP1 Walker_NP1 
later_RRR wrote_VVD in_II the_AT *"_" Listener_NN1 **"_" ,_, 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Chris_NP1 Baker_NP1 had_VHD taken_VVN 
his_APPGE surfboard_NN1 out_RP and_CC found_VVN himself_PPX1 right_RR over_II 
the_AT submerged_JJ section_NN1 of_IO the_AT *1_NULL Pintado_NP1 's_GE *0_NULL 
bow_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 said_VVD ,_, *"_" ^_NULL I_PPIS1 attempted_VVD to_TO get_VVI 
right_RR in_II31 front_II32 of_II33 the_AT thing_NN1 ,_, to_TO force_VVI 
it_PPH1 to_TO stop_VVI ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ a_AT1 piece_NN1 of_IO evil_JJ technology_NN1 and_CC 
this_DD1 is_VBZ the_AT only_JJ thing_NN1 an_AT1 individual_JJ human_JJ 
being_NN1 could_VM do_VDI at_II that_DD1 stage_NN1 to_TO stop_VVI it_PPH1 
getting_VVG into_II a_AT1 New_NP Zealand_NP1 port_NN1 ._. **"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL \_NULL Mr_NNB {_NULL L.E_NP1 ._. 

^ }_NULL Brown_NP1 of_IO Hokitika_NP1 ,_, wrote_VVD a_AT1 letter_NN1 to_II 
the_AT *"_" Listener_NN1 **"_" *-_- criticising_VVG Chris_NP1 Baker_NP1 for_IF 
his_APPGE actions_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL On_II April_NPM1 22nd_MD 1978_MC the_AT *"_" Listener_NN1 **"_" 
published_VVD replies_NN2 from_II both_DB2 Chris_NP1 and_CC his_APPGE 
father_NN1 ._. 

^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL After_II breaking_VVG through_II 
the_AT peace_NN1 flotilla_NN1 ,_, the_AT *1_NULL Waikato_NP1 *0_NULL and_CC 
*1_NULL Pintado_NP1 *0_NULL increased_VVD speed_NN1 to_II about_RG 15_MC 
knots_NN2 and_CC soon_RR had_VHD most_DAT of_IO the_AT pursuing_JJ protest_NN1 
boats_NN2 splayed_VVD out_RP far_RR behind_II them_PPHO2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL From_II then_RT on_II it_PPH1 was_VBDZ plain_RR sailing_VVG for_IF 
the_AT submarine_NN1 until_CS it_PPH1 tried_VVD to_TO berth_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 headed_VVD into_II Ferguson_NP1 wharf_NN1 at_II about_II 
1_MC1 {_NULL p.m_RA ._. 

^ }_NULL and_CC then_RT had_VHD to_TO reverse_VVI and_CC try_VVI to_TO 
berth_NN1 at_II Jellicoe_NP1 wharf_NN1 as_CSA planned_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT second_MD attempt_NN1 was_VBDZ also_RR unsuccessful_JJ when_CS 
the_AT vessel_NN1 missed_VVD the_AT wharf_NN1 by_II about_RG 20_MC metres_NNU2 
._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL But_CCB on_II the_AT third_MD attempt_NN1 the_AT submarine_NN1 
came_VVD alongside_II Jellicoe_NP1 wharf_NN1 at_II 1.31_MC {_NULL p.m_RA ._. 

^ }_NULL only_RR a_AT1 minute_NNT1 outside_II its_APPGE scheduled_JJ 
arrival_NN1 time_NNT1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT protest_NN1 was_VBDZ reported_VVN with_IW headlines_NN2 
around_II the_AT world_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL From_II Tucson_NP1 ,_, Arizona_NP1 ,_, Ruth_NP1 Dorman_NP1 
Strobel_NP1 wrote_VVD to_II the_AT Editor_NN1 of_IO the_AT *"_" *4_NULL 
Auckland_NP1 Star_NN1 **"_" ..._... 

^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL From_II Veronica_NP1 
Mary_NP1 Downey_NP1 of_IO Glenfield_NP1 ,_, Auckland_NP1 came_VVD this_DD1 
prompt_JJ response_NN1 :_: |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL 
Headlines_NN2 appeared_VVD far_RR and_CC wide_JJ across_II the_AT world_NN1 
:_: ^_NULL In_II the_AT London_NP1 *"_" *4_NULL Times_NP1 **"_" *0_NULL 
with_IW a_AT1 4-column_JJ photograph_NN1 *"_" ^_NULL *2_NULL ARMADA_NN1 OF_IO 
SMALL_JJ CRAFT_NN1 BLOCKS_VVZ PATH_NN1 OF_IO NUCLEAR_JJ VESSEL_NN1 **"_" ._. 

^ ^_NULL *0_NULL In_II the_AT Sydney_NP1 **"_" *4_NULL Morning_NNT1 Herald_NN1 
**"_" *0_NULL with_IW a_AT1 6-column_JJ photograph_NN1 *"_" ^_NULL *2_NULL 
{_NULL U.S._NP }_NULL NUCLEAR_JJ SUBMARINE_NN1 RUNS_VVZ GAUNTLET_NN1 OF_IO 
PROTEST_NN1 **"_" *0_NULL and_CC in_II the_AT **"_" *4_NULL Mainichi_NP1 
Daily_NP1 News_NP1 **"_" *0_NULL of_IO Tokyo_NP1 *"_" ^_NULL *2_NULL KIWIS_NN2 
TAKE_VV0 ON_RP NUCLEAR_JJ SUB_NN1 **"_" ._. 

^ ^_NULL *0_NULL This_DD1 latter_DA headline_NN1 was_VBDZ probably_RR read_VVN 
by_II the_AT Operational_JJ Commander_NN1 of_IO the_AT {_NULL U.S._NP }_NULL 
Pacific_NP1 Fleet_NNJ who_PNQS was_VBDZ in_II Japan_NP1 at_II that_DD1 
time_NNT1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Immediately_RR on_II stepping_VVG ashore_RL in_II Auckland_NP1 ,_, 
Commander_NNB McDonald_NP1 of_IO the_AT *1_NULL Pintado_NP1 *0_NULL 
telephoned_VVD him_PPHO1 and_CC told_VVD him_PPHO1 of_IO the_AT dangerous_JJ 
entry_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ the_AT first_MD such_DA protest_NN1 the_AT 
36-year_JJ old_JJ captain_NN1 had_VHD encountered_VVN in_II his_APPGE naval_JJ 
career_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL As_CSA Geoff_NP1 Chapple_NP1 commented_VVD in_II the_AT *"_" *4_NULL 
Listener_NN1 **"_" ,_, *0_NULL by_II making_VVG New_NP Zealand_NP1 ports_VVZ 
a_AT1 trouble_NN1 spot_NN1 for_IF nuclear_JJ craft_NN1 ,_, the_AT 
protesters_NN2 were_VBDR ,_, in_II a_AT1 way_NN1 ,_, conversing_VVG 
directly_RR with_IW the_AT United_NP States_NP1 Navy_NNJ command_VV0 ,_, 
over_II the_AT head_NN1 of_IO the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 government_NN ._. 

^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL *<_NULL *4_NULL Shadow_NN1 of_IO Death_NN1 
*>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL FOR_IF WHATEVER_DDQV *0_NULL reason_NN1 ,_, no_AT further_JJR 
nuclear_JJ ship_NN1 visits_NN2 were_VBDR inflicted_VVN on_II New_NP 
Zealand_NP1 during_II 1978_MC ,_, an_AT1 election_NN1 year_NNT1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB a_DD221 few_DD222 weeks_NNT2 after_II the_AT National_JJ 
government_NN was_VBDZ returned_VVN to_II power_NN1 in_II November_NPM1 ,_, 
Prime_JJ Minister_NN1 Muldoon_NP1 announced_VVD that_CST the_AT American_JJ 
nuclear_JJ submarine_NN1 *1_NULL Haddo_NP1 *0_NULL would_VM call_VVI at_II 
Auckland_NP1 from_II January_NPM1 19th_MD to_II 24th_MD 1979_MC for_IF *"_" 
^_NULL A_AT1 routine_JJ visit_NN1 **"_" ._. 

^ ^_NULL Press_NNJ reports_NN2 listed_VVD the_AT *1_NULL Haddo_NP1 *0_NULL 
as_II a_AT1 Permit_NN1 Class_NN1 submarine_NN1 but_CCB peace_NN1 
organisations_NN2 pointed_VVD out_RP that_CST she_PPHS1 was_VBDZ originally_RR 
classified_VVN as_II21 of_II22 the_AT Thresher_NN1 class_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Indeed_RR she_PPHS1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 sister_NN1 ship_NN1 of_IO the_AT 
*1_NULL {_NULL U.S.S._NP1 }_NULL Thresher_NP1 *0_NULL which_DDQ had_VHD 
been_VBN lost_VVN without_IW trace_NN1 off_II the_AT coast_NN1 of_IO New_NP 
England_NP1 in_II 1963_MC with_IW 160_MC men_NN2 on_RL21 board_RL22 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Soon_RR many_DA2 Aucklanders_NP1 were_VBDR sporting_VVG a_AT1 new_JJ 
badge_NN1 which_DDQ was_VBDZ being_VBG sold_VVN by_II peace_NN1 groups_NN2 ,_, 
with_IW the_AT message_NN1 *'_" sHADDOw_NN1 of_IO Death_NN1 **'_" ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Faced_VVN with_IW this_DD1 new_JJ challenge_NN1 ,_, the_AT 
Peace_NN1 Squadron_NN1 assessed_VVD its_APPGE situation_NN1 after_CS nearly_RR 
four_MC years_NNT2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Without_IW a_AT1 doubt_NN1 the_AT actions_NN2 against_II the_AT 
*1_NULL Long_JJ Beach_NP1 *0_NULL and_CC the_AT *1_NULL Pintado_NN1 *0_NULL 
and_CC the_AT Wellington_NP1 Peace_NN1 Squadron_NN1 's_VBZ move_NN1 against_II 
the_AT *1_NULL Truxton_NP1 *0_NULL had_VHD succeeded_VVN in_II focussing_VVG 
public_JJ attention_NN1 dramatically_RR and_CC in_II expressing_VVG to_II 
the_AT {_NULL US_NP }_NULL government_NN the_AT strength_NN1 of_IO New_NP 
Zealand_NP1 opposition_NN1 to_II these_DD2 visits_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT American_JJ fleets_NNJ2 roamed_VVD the_AT oceans_NN2 of_IO 
the_AT world_NN1 ,_, making_VVG calls_NN2 at_II hundreds_NNO2 of_IO ports_NN2 
in_II friendly_JJ countries_NN2 ,_, but_CCB nowhere_RL else_RR were_VBDR 
they_PPHS2 confronted_VVN with_IW protests_NN2 quite_RG like_II these_DD2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX had_VHD been_VBN a_AT1 big_JJ difference_NN1 of_IO 
naval_JJ tactics_NN2 between_II the_AT entries_NN2 to_II Auckland_NP1 
Harbour_NP1 of_IO the_AT *1_NULL Long_JJ Beach_NP1 *0_NULL and_CC the_AT 
*1_NULL Pintado_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT former_DA had_VHD proceeded_VVN cautiously_RR 
towards_II the_AT harbour_NN1 limits_VVZ at_II about_RG 5_MC knots_NN2 ,_, 
slowing_VVG to_II 2_MC knots_NN2 when_CS close_RR to_II protesting_VVG 
boats_NN2 until_CS finally_RR stopped_VVN ,_, by_II Pat_NP1 Taylor_NP1 's_GE 
and_CC Phil_NP1 Amos_NP1 's_GE large_JJ sailing_JJ boats_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL These_DD2 were_VBDR boarded_VVN by_II police_NN2 and_CC their_APPGE 
skippers_NN2 arrested_VVD ._. 

^ ^_NULL *1_NULL Pintado_NP1 *0_NULL was_VBDZ a_AT1 different_JJ story_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 had_VHD charged_VVN up_RP the_AT channel_NN1 led_VVN by_II 
a_AT1 New_NP Zealand_NP1 Naval_JJ frigate_NN1 at_II 10-12_MCMC knots_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 halted_VVD suddenly_RR only_RR when_RRQ a_ZZ1 New_NP 
Zealand_NP1 Navy_NNJ helicopter_NN1 capsized_VVD John_NP1 Simpson_NP1 's_GE 
and_CC Rex_NP1 Le_NP Grice_NP1 's_GE small_JJ yacht_NN1 right_NN1 in_II the_AT 
path_NN1 of_IO the_AT frigate_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL *1_NULL Pintado_NP1 *0_NULL then_RT jinked_VVD and_CC spurted_VVD 
through_II the_AT small_JJ boats_NN2 and_CC so_CS into_II the_AT harbour_NN1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ no_AT pretence_NN1 at_II police_NN2 action_VV0 *-_- 
it_PPH1 was_VBDZ rather_RR a_AT1 naval_JJ assault_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Unquestionably_RR the_AT dangers_NN2 were_VBDR escalating_VVG 
with_IW each_DD1 visit_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL At_II the_AT same_DA time_NNT1 considerable_JJ ground_NN1 was_VBDZ 
being_VBG gained_VVN in_II public_JJ opinion_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 was_VBDZ best_RRT shown_VVN by_II the_AT fact_NN1 that_CST 
at_II the_AT recent_JJ election_NN1 the_AT official_JJ policies_NN2 of_IO 
all_DB the_AT parties_NN2 except_CS National_JJ had_VHD explicitly_RR 
rejected_VVN these_DD2 visits_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Local_NN1 bodies_NN2 were_VBDR seriously_RR discussing_VVG the_AT 
concept_NN1 of_IO declaring_VVG *"_" Nuclear_JJ Free_JJ Zones_NN2 **"_" and_CC 
the_AT Auckland_NP1 Regional_JJ Authority_NN1 had_VHD recently_RR reviewed_VVN 
its_APPGE Civil_JJ Defence_NN1 plans_NN2 for_IF any_DD nuclear_JJ reactor_NN1 
accidents_NN2 to_II nuclear_JJ powered_JJ ships_NN2 visiting_VVG Auckland_NP1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL Even_RR the_AT Auckland_NP1 Harbour_NP1 Board_NNJ ,_, while_CS 
persistently_RR refusing_VVG to_TO face_VVI the_AT real_JJ issue_NN1 ,_, 
had_VHD given_VVN notice_VV0 that_CST it_PPH1 would_VM seek_VVI 
compensation_NN1 for_IF loss_NN1 of_IO trade_NN1 earnings_NN2 and_CC other_JJ 
expenses_NN2 due_II21 to_II22 the_AT berthing_NN1 of_IO nuclear_JJ 
submarines_NN2 at_II commercial_JJ wharves_NN2 ,_, and_CC the_AT Prime_JJ 
Minister_NN1 had_VHD agreed_VVN that_CST this_DD1 request_NN1 would_VM be_VBI 
considered_VVN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Concerned_JJ at_II the_AT possibility_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 
repetition_NN1 of_IO the_AT reckless_JJ and_CC unlawful_JJ tactics_NN2 
used_VVN by_II the_AT authorities_NN2 to_TO force_VVI the_AT entry_NN1 of_IO 
the_AT *1_NULL Pintado_NN1 ,_, *0_NULL a_AT1 Peace_NN1 Squadron_NN1 
delegation_NN1 led_VVN by_II \_NULL Dr._NNB George_NP1 Armstrong_NP1 met_VVD 
with_IW Police_NN2 Area_NN1 Commander_NNB Trappitt_NP1 on_II December_NPM1 
20th_MD ._. 

^ ^_NULL Accepting_VVG that_CST the_AT police_NN2 were_VBDR to_II some_DD 
extent_NN1 *"_" the_AT men_NN2 in_II the_AT middle_NN1 **"_" ,_, they_PPHS2 
expressed_VVD the_AT hope_NN1 that_CST they_PPHS2 would_VM be_VBI as_RG 
concerned_JJ about_II the_AT *1_NULL Haddo_NP1 's_GE *0_NULL and_CC the_AT 
New_NP Zealand_NP1 navy_NNJ 's_GE observance_NN1 of_IO the_AT law_NN1 as_CSA 
they_PPHS2 were_VBDR about_II the_AT Peace_NN1 Squadron_NN1 's_GE ._. 

^ ^_NULL \_NULL Mr._NNB Trappitt_NP1 later_RRR commented_VVD that_CST he_PPHS1 
had_VHD used_VVN the_AT meeting_NN1 to_TO issue_VVI *"_" warnings_NN2 **"_" 
to_II the_AT Peace_NN1 Squadron_NN1 which_DDQ they_PPHS2 flouted_VVD but_CCB 
\_NULL Dr._NNB Armstrong_NP1 issued_VVD a_AT1 statement_NN1 denying_VVG 
this_DD1 ._. 

^ |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT next_MD day_NNT1 
it_PPH1 was_VBDZ announced_VVN that_CST major_JJ extensions_NN2 to_II the_AT 
Auckland_NP1 Harbour_NP1 Board_NNJ limits_NN2 were_VBDR to_TO be_VBI 
gazetted_VVN prior_II21 to_II22 the_AT arrival_NN1 of_IO the_AT *1_NULL 
Haddo_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT new_JJ limits_NN2 would_VM run_VVI from_II Rakino_NP 
Island_NNL1 to_II Long_JJ Bay_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 was_VBDZ clearly_RR a_AT1 major_JJ move_NN1 by_II the_AT 
authorities_NN2 to_TO prevent_VVI effective_JJ protest_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL If_CS the_AT Peace_NN1 Squadron_NN1 were_VBDR to_TO picket_VVI the_AT 
new_JJ limits_NN2 they_PPHS2 would_VM have_VHI to_TO cover_VVI about_RG 14_MC 
kilometers_NNU2 of_IO sea_NN1 ,_, compared_VVN with_IW the_AT three_MC 
kilometer_NNU1 entrance_NN1 between_II Rangitoto_NP1 Beacon_NP1 and_CC the_AT 
North_NP Shore_NP1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL On_II previous_JJ occasions_NN2 Peace_NN1 Squadron_NN1 
strategy_NN1 had_VHD been_VBN largely_RR based_VVN on_II stopping_VVG the_AT 
nuclear_JJ vessels_NN2 just_RR outside_JJ harbour_NN1 limits_NN2 ,_, where_CS 
the_AT larger_JJR vessels_NN2 had_VHD to_TO give_VVI way_NN1 to_TO protest_VVI 
craft_NN1 under_II International_JJ Collision_NN1 Regulations_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Inside_II the_AT harbour_NN1 limits_VVZ all_DB small_JJ craft_NN1 
are_VBR required_VVN to_TO keep_VVI out_II21 of_II22 the_AT way_NN1 of_IO 
larger_JJR craft_NN1 ,_, according_II21 to_II22 General_JJ Harbour_NN1 
Regulations_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 now_RT was_VBDZ clearly_RR necessary_JJ to_TO look_VVI 
hard_RR at_II these_DD2 tactics_NN2 again_RT ,_, and_CC so_CS a_AT1 full_JJ 
meeting_NN1 of_IO the_AT Squadron_NN1 was_VBDZ called_VVN at_II the_AT 
University_NP Maclauren_NP Chapel_NNL1 Hall_NP1 on_II Monday_NPD1 ,_, 
January_NPM1 8th_MD 1979_MC ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Over_RG a_AT1 hundred_NNO boat_NN1 owners_NN2 were_VBDR 
present_JJ ,_, about_RG twice_RR as_RG many_DA2 as_CSA for_IF corresponding_JJ 
meetings_NN2 for_IF previous_JJ visits_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL After_CS an_AT1 introduction_NN1 by_II the_AT convenor_NN1 ,_, \_NULL 
Rev._NNB George_NP1 Armstrong_NP1 ,_, discussion_NN1 soon_RR moved_VVN to_II 
the_AT salient_JJ point_NN1 ,_, the_AT extension_NN1 of_IO harbour_NN1 
limits_NN2 ,_, and_CC how_RRQ this_DD1 manipulation_NN1 of_IO the_AT law_NN1 
would_VM affect_VVI Squadron_NN1 tactics_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL A_AT1 prominent_JJ Auckland_NP1 solicitor_NN1 ,_, Barry_NP1 
Littlewood_NP1 explained_VVD that_CST none_PN of_IO the_AT previous_JJ 
arrests_NN2 had_VHD been_VBN made_VVN under_II the_AT Collision_NN1 
Regulations_NN2 ,_, largely_RR because_CS most_DAT of_IO the_AT police_NN2 
did_VDD n't_XX know_VVI the_AT regulations_NN2 and_CC both_RR the_AT {_NULL 
US_PPIO2 }_NULL and_CC New_NP Zealand_NP1 navies_NNJ2 had_VHD themselves_PPX2 
broken_VVN the_AT rules_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Since_CS breach_NN1 of_IO the_AT Harbour_NP1 Regulations_NN2 is_VBZ 
not_XX an_AT1 arrestable_JJ offence_NN1 ,_, he_PPHS1 felt_VVD that_DD1 
being_VBG inside_II harbour_NN1 limits_NN2 would_VM make_VVI no_AT 
difference_NN1 ,_, in_II legal_JJ terms_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL If_CS there_EX were_VBDR any_DD arrests_NN2 ,_, they_PPHS2 would_VM 
probably_RR be_VBI made_VVN under_II the_AT Police_NN2 Offences_NN2 Act_VV0 
,_, as_CSA previously_RR ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL After_CS intense_JJ debate_NN1 those_DD2 present_NN1 
rejected_VVD any_DD softening_NN1 of_IO Squadron_NN1 policy_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 
complete_JJ blockade_NN1 of_IO the_AT incoming_JJ vessel_NN1 ,_, despite_II 
the_AT realisation_NN1 that_CST the_AT police_NN2 and_CC armed_JJ forces_NN2 
would_VM probably_RR be_VBI ordered_VVN to_TO intensify_VVI their_APPGE 
already_RR dangerous_JJ and_CC intimidating_VVG response_NN1 to_TO protest_VVI 
craft_NN1 and_CC protestors_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT meeting_NN1 decided_VVD that_CST this_DD1 time_NNT1 they_PPHS2 
would_VM bring_VVI the_AT blockade_NN1 well_RR within_II the_AT harbour_NN1 
and_CC in_RR21 full_RR22 view_NN1 of_IO the_AT inner_JJ city_NN1 and_CC 
maritime_JJ suburbs_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 might_VM reduce_VVI the_AT possibility_NN1 of_IO the_AT 
authorities_NN2 deciding_VVG on_II a_AT1 high-speed_JJ charge_NN1 and_CC 
the_AT dangerous_JJ use_NN1 of_IO helicopters_NN2 to_TO capsize_VVI small_JJ 
protesting_JJ vessels_NN2 with_IW their_APPGE downdraft_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT meeting_NN1 also_RR rejected_VVD the_AT 
manipulation_NN1 which_DDQ permitted_VVD the_AT authorities_NN2 to_TO make_VVI 
*"_" law_NN1 to_TO order_VVI **"_" and_CC thus_RR frustrate_VVI the_AT 
non-violent_JJ protest_NN1 of_IO ordinary_JJ citizens_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL As_II the_AT date_NN1 of_IO the_AT visit_NN1 drew_VVD 
nearer_RRR ,_, the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 peace_NN1 movement_NN1 was_VBDZ 
gaining_VVG impressive_JJ national_JJ and_CC international_JJ support_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT Leader_NP1 of_IO the_AT Opposition_NNJ ,_, \_NULL Hon._JJ 
\_NULL W_NP1 Rowling_NP1 condemned_VVD the_AT visit_NN1 ,_, saying_VVG 
that_CST the_AT National_JJ Government_NNJ was_VBDZ *"_" willing_JJ to_TO 
make_VVI New_NP Zealand_NP1 a_AT1 door_NN1 mat_NN1 for_IF the_AT larger_JJR 
powers_NN2 ..._... 

^ ^_NULL New_NP Zealand_NP1 should_VM not_XX be_VBI sucked_VVN into_II 
their_APPGE war_NN1 games_NN2 ._. **"_" 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 said_VVD that_CST the_AT Labour_JJ Party_NNJ remained_VVD 
committed_VVD to_II the_AT concept_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 nuclear_JJ weapon_NN1 
free_JJ Pacific_NP1 ._. 

^ *"_" ^_NULL This_DD1 region_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT last_MD remaining_JJ 
opportunity_NN1 to_TO take_VVI a_AT1 stand_NN1 against_II the_AT 
escalation_NN1 of_IO the_AT arms_NN2 race_VV0 ._. **"_" 

^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 166+TEXT+F23_FO **]_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL The_AT Frenchmen_NN2 who_PNQS were_VBDR involved_JJ 
in_II the_AT early_JJ days_NNT2 of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 's_GE European_JJ 
history_NN1 stand_VV0 out_RP like_II distinct_JJ threads_NN2 in_II a_AT1 
tapestry_NN1 :_: Marion_NP1 Du_FW Fresne_NP1 ,_, murdered_VVN in_II the_AT 
Bay_NN1 of_IO Islands_NN2 in_II 1772_MC ;_; the_AT incredible_JJ Baron_NN1 
de_NP1 Thierry_NP1 ;_; Bishop_NP Pompallier_NP1 ,_, resplendent_JJ in_II 
his_APPGE crimson_JJ cassock_NN1 among_II the_AT black_JJ frock_NN1 coats_NN2 
of_IO the_AT Protestant_JJ clergy_NN2 at_II Waitangi_NP1 ;_; and_CC Dumont_NP1 
d'Urville_NP1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Dumont_NP1 d'Urville_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ only_RR on_II a_AT1 holiday_NN1 in_II Tasman_NP 
Bay_NNL1 that_CST I_PPIS1 realised_VVD how_RGQ little_DA1 I_PPIS1 knew_VVD 
about_II him_PPHO1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL So_RR I_PPIS1 went_VVD to_II Olive_NP1 Wright_NP1 's_GE 
translation_NN1 of_IO the_AT part_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE journals_NN2 dealing_VVG 
with_IW New_NP Zealand_NP1 and_CC found_VVD that_CST d'Urville_NP1 was_VBDZ 
not_XX only_RR a_AT1 great_JJ navigator_NN1 ,_, but_CCB also_RR a_AT1 
botanist_NN1 ,_, zoologist_NN1 ,_, entomologist_NN1 and_CC linguist_NN1 ,_, 
as_CC31 well_CC32 as_CC33 a_AT1 fine_JJ writer_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ born_VVN near_II Caen_NP1 in_II 1790_MC ,_, 
during_II the_AT French_JJ Revolution_NN1 ,_, into_II a_AT1 family_NN that_CST 
was_VBDZ aristocratic_JJ ,_, especially_RR on_II the_AT side_NN1 of_IO 
his_APPGE mother_NN1 ,_, Jeanne_NP1 de_NP1 Croisilles_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL His_APPGE first_MD Christian_JJ name_NN1 was_VBDZ Jules_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL His_APPGE surname_NN1 was_VBDZ Dumont_NP1 d'Urville_NP1 (_( {_NULL 
i.e._REX }_NULL of_IO Urville_NP1 )_) ,_, but_CCB in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 
he_PPHS1 is_VBZ usually_RR known_VVN as_II d'Urville_NP1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL After_II passing_VVG brilliantly_RR through_II his_APPGE 
schooling_NN1 he_PPHS1 did_VDD not_XX become_VVI a_AT1 priest_NN1 ,_, as_CSA 
his_APPGE mother_NN1 would_VM have_VHI liked_VVN ,_, nor_CC accept_VV0 the_AT 
offer_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 place_NN1 in_II the_AT famous_JJ military_JJ college_NN1 
at_II Fontainebleau_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ determined_VVN to_TO join_VVI the_AT navy_NNJ 
and_CC had_VHD already_RR made_VVN a_AT1 wager_NN1 that_CST he_PPHS1 would_VM 
be_VBI an_AT1 admiral_NN1 before_CS he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ 50_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II 1807_MC this_DD1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 bold_JJ decision_NN1 ,_, for_IF 
in_II Napoleon_NP1 's_GE France_NP1 it_PPH1 was_VBDZ the_AT army_NNJ that_CST 
counted_VVD ,_, not_XX the_AT navy_NNJ ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL He_PPHS1 became_VVD a_AT1 midshipman_NN1 and_CC served_VVN 
on_II various_JJ ships_NN2 ,_, learning_VVG seamanship_NN1 ,_, getting_VVG 
gradual_JJ promotion_NN1 and_CC also_RR continuing_VVG his_APPGE studies_NN2 
especially_RR in_II languages_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL His_APPGE knowledge_NN1 of_IO Greek_JJ language_NN1 and_CC art_NN1 
was_VBDZ lucky_JJ for_IF France_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL One_MC1 day_NNT1 when_RRQ his_APPGE ship_NN1 was_VBDZ at_II the_AT 
island_NN1 of_IO Melos_NP1 ,_, he_PPHS1 came_VVD across_II a_AT1 statue_NN1 
which_DDQ local_JJ peasants_NN2 had_VHD unearthed_VVN and_CC were_VBDR 
willing_JJ to_TO sell_VVI for_IF 400_MC French_JJ francs_NNU2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 immediately_RR recognised_VVD it_PPH1 as_II the_AT Venus_NP1 
Victrix_NP1 and_CC tried_VVD to_TO buy_VVI it_PPH1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL When_CS his_APPGE commander_NN1 refused_VVD to_TO take_VVI the_AT 
bulky_JJ statue_NN1 aboard_RL ,_, d'Urville_NP1 wrote_VVD urgently_RR to_II 
the_AT French_JJ ambassador_NN1 at_II Constantinople_NP1 and_CC persuaded_VVD 
him_PPHO1 to_TO buy_VVI it_PPH1 for_IF France_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT Venus_NP1 de_NP1 Milo_NP1 has_VHZ been_VBN in_II the_AT 
Louvre_NP1 ever_RR since_RR ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Until_CS the_AT early_JJ 1820s_MC2 ,_, d'Urville_NP1 's_GE 
life_NN1 was_VBDZ unrewarding_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II politics_NN a_AT1 great_JJ dictator_NN1 had_VHD been_VBN 
succeeded_VVN by_II a_AT1 recycled_JJ monarch_NN1 ;_; he_PPHS1 disapproved_VVD 
of_IO both_DB2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_RR21 private_RR22 life_NN1 he_PPHS1 had_VHD married_VVN very_RG 
happily_RR ,_, but_CCB found_VVD it_PPH1 hard_RR to_TO support_VVI a_AT1 
wife_NN1 and_CC family_NN on_II his_APPGE naval_JJ pay_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Then_RT ,_, in_II 1822_MC ,_, he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ appointed_JJ 
executive_NN officer_NN1 on_II the_AT corvette_NN1 *1_NULL Coquille_NP1 
*0_NULL (_( Shell_NN1 )_) ,_, which_DDQ was_VBDZ about_RPK to_TO sail_VVI 
on_II a_AT1 voyage_NN1 of_IO **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL discovery_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 was_VBDZ what_DDQ d'Urville_NP1 had_VHD always_RR wanted_VVN 
._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Although_CS the_AT *1_NULL Coquille_NP1 *0_NULL was_VBDZ 
away_II21 from_II22 France_NP1 for_IF two-and-a-half_MF years_NNT2 ,_, only_RR 
three_MC weeks_NNT2 were_VBDR spent_VVN in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 ,_, in_II 
the_AT Bay_NN1 of_IO Islands_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 was_VBDZ enough_RR to_TO give_VVI d'Urville_NP1 a_AT1 
good_JJ impression_NN1 of_IO the_AT Zealanders_NP1 ,_, as_CSA he_PPHS1 
called_VVD the_AT Maori_JJ people_NN ,_, and_CC the_AT country_NN1 and_CC 
to_TO make_VVI him_PPHO1 long_RR to_TO return_VVI ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT opportunity_NN1 came_VVD in_II 1826_MC ,_, when_RRQ 
he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ commissioned_VVN to_TO take_VVI the_AT *1_NULL Coquille_NP1 
*0_NULL (_( re_II **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL -named_JJ *1_NULL Astrolabe_NN1 
)_) *0_NULL back_RP to_II the_AT Pacific_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ to_TO sail_VVI round_II the_AT Cape_NNL1 of_IO 
Good_NP Hope_NP1 to_II Australia_NP1 and_CC New_NP Zealand_NP1 ,_, into_II 
the_AT Pacific_NP1 *-_- searching_VVG for_IF traces_NN2 of_IO the_AT 
vanished_JJ La_NP Perouse_NP1 *-_- and_CC back_RP to_II France_NP1 by_II 
the_AT Indian_NP Ocean_NNL1 and_CC the_AT Cape_NP1 ,_, exploring_VVG ,_, 
mapping_VVG and_CC charting_VVG as_CSA he_PPHS1 went_VVD ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Wherever_RRQV he_PPHS1 could_VM ,_, d'Urville_NP1 followed_VVD 
Cook_NP1 's_GE maps_NN2 and_CC charts_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Although_CS half_DB a_AT1 century_NNT1 had_VHD passed_VVN since_II 
Cook_NP1 's_GE voyages_NN2 ,_, it_PPH1 seems_VVZ that_CST his_PPGE was_VBDZ 
the_AT only_JJ map_NN1 of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL (_( In_II 1838_MC the_AT British_JJ Admiralty_NNJ published_VVD a_AT1 
new_JJ map_NN1 ,_, but_CCB by_II then_RT d'Urville_NP1 had_VHD left_VVN on_II 
his_APPGE last_MD voyage_NN1 )_) ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Early_RR in_II January_NPM1 1827_MC ,_, the_AT *1_NULL 
Astrolabe_NN1 *0_NULL reached_VVD the_AT South_NP Island_NP1 near_II Dusky_NP 
Sound_NNL1 ,_, sailed_VVD up_RP the_AT west_ND1 coast_NN1 and_CC round_RP 
into_II Tasman_NP Bay_NNL1 ,_, which_DDQ ,_, as_CSA d'Urville_NP1 said_VVD ,_, 
had_VHD not_XX yet_RR been_VBN made_VVN known_VVN by_II any_DD expedition_NN1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 and_CC his_APPGE naturalists_NN2 found_VVD this_DD1 an_AT1 
entrancing_JJ part_NN1 of_IO the_AT world_NN1 ,_, with_IW clear_JJ deep_JJ 
water_NN1 ,_, beautiful_JJ sandy_JJ beaches_NN2 and_CC *"_" cool_JJ dark_JJ 
forests_NN2 **"_" full_JJ of_IO birds_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT botanist_NN1 ,_, Lesson_NN1 ,_, spent_VVD as_RG much_DA1 
time_NNT1 as_CSA possible_JJ on_II shore_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Lesson_NP Creek_NNL1 is_VBZ named_VVN after_II him_PPHO1 ,_, and_CC 
there_EX are_VBR several_DA2 native_JJ plants_NN2 with_IW the_AT species_NN 
name_NN1 \_NULL *1_NULL lessonii_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT Frenchmen_NN2 were_VBDR surprised_JJ to_TO 
find_VVI so_RG few_DA2 Maori_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 were_VBDR on_II sufficiently_RR friendly_JJ terms_NN2 
for_IF several_DA2 chiefs_NN2 to_TO stay_VVI on_RL21 board_RL22 for_IF a_AT1 
day_NNT1 or_CC two_MC *-_- a_ZZ1 sign_NN1 of_IO confidence_NN1 in_II 
Europeans_NN2 that_CST pleased_JJ d'Urville_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ typical_JJ of_IO him_PPHO1 that_CST he_PPHS1 had_VHD 
already_RR learned_VVN some_DD Maori_JJ from_II Kendall_NP1 and_CC Lee_NP1 
's_GE *1_NULL Grammar_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL *0_NULL In_II meeting_VVG Maori_JJ people_NN this_DD1 was_VBDZ 
always_RR a_AT1 help_NN1 ;_; so_CS ,_, it_PPH1 seems_VVZ ,_, was_VBDZ 
his_APPGE insistence_NN1 that_CST his_APPGE men_NN2 should_VM avoid_VVI 
anything_PN1 likely_JJ to_TO cause_VVI misunderstanding_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Nevertheless_RR as_II a_AT1 practical_JJ man_NN1 he_PPHS1 kept_VVD 
his_APPGE guns_NN2 ready_JJ ,_, just_RR in_RR21 case_RR22 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL This_DD1 visit_NN1 to_II Tasman_NP Bay_NNL1 is_VBZ 
commemorated_VVN in_II the_AT large_JJ number_NN1 of_IO French_JJ names_NN2 
which_DDQ were_VBDR given_VVN to_II various_JJ features_NN2 on_II land_NN1 
and_CC sea_NN1 ,_, when_CS no_AT Maori_JJ name_NN1 could_VM be_VBI 
discovered_VVN :_: Pointe_NP1 de_NP1 Se_NP1 *?_NULL 2paration_FO ,_, Anse_NP1 
(_( Cove_NP1 )_) des_NP1 Torrents_NN2 and_CC others_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II 1827_MC there_EX were_VBDR even_RR more_RRR ,_, but_CCB over_II 
the_AT years_NNT2 proper_JJ nouns_NN2 (_( usually_RR people_NN 's_GE names_NN2 
)_) have_VH0 survived_VVN ,_, while_CS common_JJ nouns_NN2 have_VH0 often_RR 
been_VBN turned_VVN into_II English_JJ and_CC so_RR lost_VVD their_APPGE 
French_JJ connection_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Adele_NP Island_NNL1 was_VBDZ called_VVN after_II d'Urville_NP1 's_GE 
wife_NN1 ,_, Ade_NP1 *?_NULL 2lie_FO ,_, in_II gratitude_NN1 for_IF the_AT 
understanding_NN1 way_NN1 she_PPHS1 accepted_VVD his_APPGE wanderings_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Just_RR as_CSA d'Urville_NP1 's_GE life_NN1 was_VBDZ in_II 
some_DD ways_NN2 like_II Captain_NNB Cook_NP1 's_GE ,_, so_CS \_NULL Mme_NNB 
Dumont_NP1 d'Urville_NP1 's_GE life_NN1 resembled_VVD \_NULL Mrs_NNB Cook_NP1 
's_GE ._. 

^ ^_NULL Both_DB2 belonged_VVD to_II that_DD1 band_NN1 of_IO women_NN2 
who_PNQS were_VBDR left_VVN at_II home_NN1 to_TO bring_VVI up_RP children_NN2 
*-_- and_CC sometimes_RT to_TO bury_VVI them_PPHO2 *-_- for_IF years_NNT2 
on_II end_NN1 ,_, while_CS their_APPGE husbands_NN2 went_VVD into_II the_AT 
unknown_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ Elizabeth_NP1 Cook_NP1 's_GE fate_NN1 to_TO 
outlive_VVI her_APPGE husband_NN1 and_CC all_DB six_MC of_IO her_APPGE 
children_NN2 ;_; Ade_NP1 *?_NULL 2lie_FO d'Urville_NP1 's_GE experience_NN1 
was_VBDZ not_XX quite_RR the_AT same_DA ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT *1_NULL Astrolabe_NN1 's_VBZ *0_NULL departure_NN1 
from_II Tasman_NP Bay_NNL1 was_VBDZ dramatic_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL On_II either_DD1 side_NN1 d'Urville_NP1 saw_VVD land_NN1 ,_, 
divided_VVN by_II a_AT1 narrow_JJ channel_NN1 ,_, through_II which_DDQ 
he_PPHS1 determined_VVD to_TO take_VVI the_AT ship_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Because_II21 of_II22 rocks_NN2 and_CC currents_NN2 it_PPH1 was_VBDZ 
,_, as_CSA he_PPHS1 said_VVD himself_PPX1 ,_, a_AT1 dangerous_JJ thing_NN1 
to_TO do_VDI and_CC the_AT ship_NN1 was_VBDZ very_RG nearly_RR wrecked_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL However_RR ,_, the_AT *1_NULL Astrolabe_NN1 *0_NULL sailed_VVD 
triumphantly_RR through_II the_AT channel_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ was_VBDZ 
promptly_RR named_VVN Passe_NP1 des_NP1 Francais_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT island_NN1 ,_, as_CSA it_PPH1 had_VHD just_RR been_VBN 
proved_VVN to_TO be_VBI ,_, was_VBDZ called_VVN d'Urville_NP1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT *1_NULL Astrolabe_NN1 *0_NULL sailed_VVD across_II 
Cook_NP Strait_NNL1 and_CC up_RP the_AT east_ND1 coast_NN1 of_IO the_AT 
North_NP Island_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Near_RL Turakirae_NP Head_NNL1 a_AT1 canoe_NN1 approached_VVD and_CC 
six_MC Maori_NP1 came_VVD aboard_RL ._. 

^ ^_NULL After_CS the_AT canoe_NN1 left_VVD ,_, d'Urville_NP1 found_VVD 
that_CST a_AT1 chief_JJ and_CC another_DD1 man_NN1 had_VHD stayed_VVN 
behind_RL ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 explained_VVD that_CST the_AT ship_NN1 could_VM not_XX 
possibly_RR take_VVI them_PPHO2 back_RP to_II their_APPGE home_NN1 ,_, but_CCB 
as_CSA he_PPHS1 intended_VVD to_TO land_VVI on_II the_AT Wairarapa_NP1 
coast_NN1 ,_, he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ not_XX worried_JJ about_II them_PPHO2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL When_CS ,_, however_RR ,_, rough_JJ sea_NN1 made_VVD a_AT1 
landing_NN1 impossible_JJ ,_, they_PPHS2 had_VHD to_TO go_VVI with_IW the_AT 
ship_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL At_RR21 first_RR22 they_PPHS2 were_VBDR happy_JJ at_II the_AT 
prospect_NN1 ;_; later_RRR they_PPHS2 became_VVD very_RG homesick_JJ and_CC 
very_RG seasick_JJ ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Irregular_JJ currents_NN2 and_CC strong_JJ winds_NN2 kept_VVD 
the_AT *1_NULL Astrolabe_NN1 *0_NULL away_II21 from_II22 the_AT coast_NN1 
until_CS Tolaga_NP Bay_NNL1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL There_RL she_PPHS1 anchored_VVD in_II the_AT same_DA spot_NN1 as_CSA 
Cook_NP1 's_GE *1_NULL Endeavour_NP1 *0_NULL 55_MC years_NNT2 before_RT ,_, 
and_CC the_AT Frenchmen_NN2 were_VBDR delighted_JJ to_TO go_VVI ashore_RL ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT Maori_JJ from_II Turakirae_NP Head_NNL1 decided_VVD to_TO 
remain_VVI ,_, and_CC in_II exchange_NN1 for_IF d'Urville_NP1 's_GE 
present_NN1 of_IO powder_NN1 ,_, the_AT local_JJ chief_NN1 undertook_VVD to_TO 
provide_VVI a_AT1 canoe_NN1 for_IF their_APPGE return_NN1 home_RL ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 was_VBDZ the_AT best_JJT d'Urville_NP1 could_VM do_VDI ,_, 
but_CCB the_AT whole_JJ incident_NN1 worried_VVD him_PPHO1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL D'Urville_NP1 's_GE mind_NN1 was_VBDZ not_XX of_IO the_AT 
kind_NN1 to_TO anchor_VVI itself_PPX1 in_II his_APPGE own_DA day_NNT1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Wide_JJ reading_NN1 enabled_VVD him_PPHO1 to_TO glance_VVI back_RP 
into_II the_AT past_NN1 ,_, and_CC imagination_NN1 to_TO look_VVI into_II 
the_AT future_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL As_II the_AT *1_NULL Astrolabe_NN1 *0_NULL sailed_VVD north_ND1 
again_RT ,_, the_AT shore_NN1 reminded_VVD him_PPHO1 of_IO the_AT Greek_JJ 
Archipelago_NN1 and_CC started_VVD a_AT1 train_NN1 of_IO thought_NN1 about_II 
the_AT rise_NN1 of_IO peoples_NN2 from_II unlikely_JJ beginnings_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL *"_" I_PPIS1 thought_VVD of_IO the_AT Gauls_NN2 **"_" he_PPHS1 
wrote_VVD **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL He_PPHS1 continued_VVD 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL As_II a_AT1 linguist_NN1 ,_, 
d'Urville_NP1 had_VHD a_AT1 special_JJ interest_NN1 in_II the_AT language_NN1 
of_IO the_AT Maori_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS were_VBDR *"_" so_RG highly_RR endowed_VVN 
,_, and_CC who_PNQS had_VHD not_XX left_VVN an_AT1 islet_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 
rock_NN1 ,_, or_CC a_AT1 corner_NN1 of_IO the_AT land_NN1 without_IW a_AT1 
name_NN1 **"_" and_CC he_PPHS1 regretted_VVD Cook_NP1 's_GE habit_NN1 of_IO 
substituting_VVG English_JJ names_NN2 *"_" often_RR in_II rather_RG poor_JJ 
taste_NN1 ._. **"_" 

^ ^_NULL So_RR ,_, in_II his_APPGE own_DA maps_NN2 ,_, d'Urville_NP1 used_VVD 
Maori_JJ names_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 thought_VVD it_PPH1 important_JJ to_TO keep_VVI them_PPHO2 
because_CS *"_" there_EX comes_VVZ a_AT1 time_NNT1 when_RRQ these_DD2 
names_NN2 are_VBR all_DB that_DD1 remains_VVZ to_II the_AT country_NN1 of_IO 
the_AT language_NN1 spoken_VVN by_II its_APPGE earliest_JJT inhabitants_NN2 
._. **"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II the_AT Bay_NN1 of_IO Plenty_NN1 his_APPGE attention_NN1 
was_VBDZ needed_VVN for_IF strictly_RR practical_JJ matters_NN2 ,_, for_CS 
there_EX was_VBDZ a_AT1 storm_NN1 so_RG terrible_JJ that_CST it_PPH1 
seemed_VVD the_AT *1_NULL Astrolabe_NN1 *0_NULL must_VM capsize_VVI ,_, or_CC 
be_VBI wrecked_VVN on_II one_MC1 of_IO the_AT uncharted_JJ reefs_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Somehow_RR the_AT corvette_NN1 survived_VVD ,_, but_CCB there_EX 
was_VBDZ no_AT possibility_NN1 **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL of_IO a_AT1 
landing_NN1 and_CC the_AT ship_NN1 made_VVN for_IF the_AT Hauraki_NP Gulf_NNL1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL D'Urville_NP1 was_VBDZ impressed_VVN by_II the_AT *"_" splendid_JJ 
basin_NN1 **"_" round_II which_DDQ Auckland_NP1 was_VBDZ later_RRR built_VVN 
._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 named_VVD one_MC1 of_IO the_AT channels_NN2 Astrolabe_NN1 
,_, remarking_VVG that_CST in_II years_NNT2 to_TO come_VVI people_NN would_VM 
remember_VVI her_APPGE work_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL False_JJ hope_NN1 !_! 

^ ^_NULL The_AT name_NN1 has_VHZ disappeared_VVN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT *1_NULL Astrolabe_NN1 *0_NULL then_RT sailed_VVD for_IF 
the_AT Bay_NN1 of_IO Islands_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL There_RL d'Urville_NP1 met_VVD people_NN he_PPHS1 had_VHD known_VVN 
on_II his_APPGE first_MD voyage_NN1 ,_, checked_JJ place_NN1 names_NN2 with_IW 
Henry_NP1 Williams_NP1 ,_, and_CC explored_VVD the_AT Kawakawa_NP River_NNL1 
with_IW William_NP1 Williams_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL When_CS the_AT time_NNT1 came_VVD to_TO leave_VVI ,_, d'Urville_NP1 
had_VHD no_AT trouble_NN1 disembarking_VVG *"_" the_AT 12_MC to_II 15_MC 
women_NN2 ,_, who_PNQS since_CS our_APPGE arrival_NN1 had_VHD settled_VVN 
down_RP on_RL21 board_RL22 almost_RR without_IW moving_JJ **"_" ,_, but_CCB 
some_DD difficulty_NN1 over_II a_AT1 young_JJ Maori_NP1 who_PNQS announced_VVD 
that_CST he_PPHS1 would_VM stay_VVI until_CS he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ thrown_VVN 
overboard_RL ._. 

^ ^_NULL As_CSA he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ intelligent_JJ and_CC useful_JJ he_PPHS1 
was_VBDZ allowed_VVN to_TO remain_VVI ._. 

^ ^_NULL So_RR ,_, in_II March_NPM1 1827_MC ,_, the_AT *1_NULL Astrolabe_NN1 
*0_NULL left_VVD New_NP Zealand_NP1 and_CC a_AT1 year_NNT1 later_RRR 
returned_VVN to_II France_NP1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 had_VHD been_VBN a_AT1 wonderful_JJ voyage_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT expedition_NN1 brought_VVD back_RP meticulous_JJ maps_NN2 ,_, 
charts_NN2 and_CC drawings_NN2 ,_, as_CC31 well_CC32 as_CC33 scientific_JJ 
specimens_NN2 ,_, all_DB of_IO which_DDQ greatly_RR increased_VVD the_AT 
world_NN1 's_VBZ knowledge_NN1 of_IO the_AT Pacific_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Yet_RR ,_, though_CS prominent_JJ individuals_NN2 were_VBDR full_JJ 
of_IO praise_NN1 ,_, d'Urville_NP1 was_VBDZ disappointed_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL There_EX were_VBDR no_AT rewards_NN2 for_IF the_AT officers_NN2 
and_CC men_NN2 who_PNQS had_VHD helped_VVN to_TO produce_VVI this_DD1 
brilliant_JJ result_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL *"_" The_AT **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL attitude_NN1 of_IO the_AT 
Admiralty_NNJ **"_" wrote_VVD d'Urville_NP1 *"_" was_VBDZ almost_RR one_MC1 
of_IO indifference_NN1 to_II the_AT achievements_NN2 of_IO the_AT *1_NULL 
Astrolabe_NN1 ._. **"_" 

^ ^_NULL *0_NULL He_PPHS1 himself_PPX1 would_VM have_VHI liked_VVN to_TO 
belong_VVI to_II the_AT august_JJ Acade_NN1 *?_NULL 2mie_FO des_NP1 
Sciences_NN2 (_( which_DDQ had_VHD received_VVN scientific_JJ specimens_NN2 
)_) and_CC stood_VVN for_IF election_NN1 ,_, without_IW success_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 never_RR became_VVD a_AT1 member_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL He_PPHS1 consoled_VVD himself_PPX1 with_IW work_NN1 ,_, 
which_DDQ included_VVD preparing_VVG for_IF publication_NN1 a_AT1 book_NN1 
of_IO maps_NN2 and_CC charts_NN2 and_CC an_AT1 account_NN1 of_IO the_AT 
voyage_NN1 in_II many_DA2 volumes_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL By_II 1835_MC the_AT last_MD was_VBDZ finished_VVN and_CC he_PPHS1 
was_VBDZ ready_JJ for_IF another_DD1 voyage_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 wanted_VVD to_TO return_VVI for_IF further_JJR study_NN1 
of_IO Pacific_NP1 languages_NN2 ,_, but_CCB King_NNB Louis_NP1 Philippe_NP1 
,_, who_PNQS wanted_VVD glory_NN1 ,_, was_VBDZ looking_VVG for_IF a_AT1 
commander_NN1 to_TO go_VVI to_II the_AT Antarctic_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL D'Urville_NP1 accepted_VVD the_AT commission_NN1 and_CC in_II 1837_MC 
set_VVD out_RP with_IW two_MC ships_NN2 ,_, the_AT *1_NULL Astrolabe_NN1 
*0_NULL and_CC the_AT *1_NULL Ze_AT *?_NULL 2le_FO *?_NULL 2e_MC ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL His_APPGE instructions_NN2 were_VBDR to_TO make_VVI 
one_MC1 journey_NN1 into_II Antarctic_NP1 waters_VVZ ,_, but_CCB he_PPHS1 
made_VVD two_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL On_II the_AT first_MD ,_, land_NN1 was_VBDZ sighted_VVN 
south-west_ND1 of_IO the_AT South_NP Shetland_NP1 Islands_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL On_II the_AT second_NNT1 *-_- on_II the_AT opposite_JJ side_NN1 of_IO 
the_AT continent_NN1 *-_- rocks_NN2 were_VBDR seen_VVN in_II the_AT snow_NN1 
,_, a_AT1 landing_NN1 was_VBDZ made_VVN ,_, and_CC the_AT region_NN1 was_VBDZ 
called_VVN Ade_NP1 *?_NULL 2lie_FO Land_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Many_DA2 years_NNT2 later_RRR it_PPH1 included_VVD the_AT French_JJ 
base_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ was_VBDZ named_VVN ,_, in_II his_APPGE honour_NN1 ,_, 
Dumont_NP1 d'Urville_NP1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL D'Urville_NP1 's_GE third_MD visit_NN1 to_II New_NP 
Zealand_NP1 came_VVD after_II this_DD1 exciting_JJ ,_, dangerous_JJ probe_NN1 
into_II the_AT Antarctic_NP1 and_CC lasted_VVD two_MC months_NNT2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT account_NN1 of_IO it_PPH1 has_VHZ a_AT1 different_JJ tone_NN1 
,_, for_IF d'Urville_NP1 had_VHD changed_VVN ;_; he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ older_JJR 
,_, less_RGR fit_JJ ,_, more_RGR critical_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL New_NP Zealand_NP1 ,_, too_RR ,_, had_VHD changed_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL From_II the_AT start_NN1 ,_, in_II Otago_NP1 ,_, d'Urville_NP1 
was_VBDZ saddened_VVN by_II the_AT deterioration_NN1 in_II Maori_NP1 looks_VVZ 
,_, morals_NN2 and_CC manners_NN2 as_II a_AT1 result_NN1 of_IO contact_NN1 
with_IW Europeans_NN2 ,_, particularly_RR the_AT roughest_JJT whalers_NN2 
and_CC traders_NN2 ,_, who_PNQS were_VBDR his_APPGE special_JJ aversion_NN1 
._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT next_MD port_NN1 of_IO call_NN1 was_VBDZ Akaroa_NP1 ,_, 
where_CS the_AT *1_NULL Astrolabe_NN1 *0_NULL had_VHD another_DD1 narrow_JJ 
escape_NN1 from_II the_AT rocks_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ astonishing_JJ to_TO read_VVI that_CST she_PPHS1 
was_VBDZ so_RG small_JJ that_CST ,_, in_II the_AT crisis_NN1 ,_, sweep_NN1 
oars_NN2 were_VBDR used_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL Not_XX that_CST they_PPHS2 had_VHD any_DD effect_NN1 ;_; the_AT 
ship_NN1 was_VBDZ only_RR saved_VVN by_II a_AT1 sudden_JJ change_NN1 of_IO 
wind_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT harbour_NN1 there_EX were_VBDR several_DA2 French_JJ 
whaling_NN1 ships_NN2 ,_, whose_DDQGE captains_NN2 called_VVN on_II 
d'Urville_NP1 and_CC no_RR21 doubt_RR22 discussed_VVD the_AT planned_JJ 
French_JJ settlement_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II31 spite_II32 of_II33 its_APPGE fine_JJ harbour_NN1 
d'Urville_NP1 was_VBDZ critical_JJ of_IO the_AT choice_NN1 of_IO Akaroa_NP1 
,_, because_CS it_PPH1 could_VM support_VVI only_RR a_AT1 small_JJ 
population_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL After_CS a_AT1 refreshing_JJ stay_NN1 ,_, the_AT ships_NN2 
sailed_VVD for_IF the_AT Bay_NN1 of_IO Islands_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ they_PPHS2 
reached_VVD at_II the_AT end_NN1 of_IO April_NPM1 ,_, 1840_MC ._. 

^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 167+TEXT+F24_FO **]_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL When_CS war_NN1 came_VVD to_II the_AT Waikato_NP1 
in_II the_AT spring_NN1 and_CC summer_NNT1 of_IO 1863-_NN1 64_MC most_DAT 
of_IO the_AT region_NN1 's_VHZ missionaries_NN2 fled_VVN ,_, whether_CSW 
Anglican_JJ Church_NP Missionary_NP1 Society_NNJ ,_, Roman_JJ Catholic_NN1 
or_CC Wesleyan_NP1 (_( Methodist_NN1 )_) ._. 

^ ^_NULL Many_DA2 had_VHD good_RR cause_VV0 to_TO fear_VVI for_IF their_APPGE 
lives_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL John_NP1 Morgan_NP1 ,_, catechist_NN1 and_CC the_AT Anglican_JJ 
minister_NN1 ,_, had_VHD helped_VVN his_APPGE Maori_JJ parishioners_NN2 to_TO 
transform_VVI the_AT Te_AT Awamutu_NP1 district_NN1 into_II cultivated_JJ 
wheat_NN1 fields_NN2 and_CC peach_NN1 orchards_NN2 during_II the_AT 1850s_MC2 
,_, but_CCB he_PPHS1 now_RT found_VVD himself_PPX1 caught_VVD forwarding_VVG 
intelligence_NN1 reports_NN2 of_IO *'_" rebel_NN1 **'_" defences_NN2 and_CC 
troop_NN1 movements_NN2 to_II the_AT governor_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT Catholic_JJ missionary_NN1 at_II Rangiaowhia_NP1 was_VBDZ 
withdrawn_VVN to_II Auckland_NP1 before_II General_NNB Cameron_NP1 's_GE 
troops_NN2 captured_VVD and_CC destroyed_VVD that_CST Kingite_NP1 food_NN1 
base_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Thomas_NP1 Skinner_NP1 ,_, Wesleyan_JJ catechist_NN1 at_II Aotea_NP1 
(_( the_AT highly_RR populated_JJ harbour_NN1 next_II21 to_II22 Kawhia_NP1 )_) 
departed_VVD for_IF Auckland_NP1 in_II October_NPM1 1863_MC ,_, soon_RR 
after_II his_APPGE monitors_NN2 had_VHD announced_VVN that_CST they_PPHS2 
would_VM serve_VVI as_CSA *'_" chaplains_NN2 **'_" for_IF the_AT Maori_JJ 
king_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB one_MC1 missionary_NN1 returned_VVD again_RT and_CC again_RT 
to_II his_APPGE post_NN1 at_II the_AT height_NN1 of_IO the_AT war_NN1 ,_, 
in_II the_AT heart_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 Kingite_NP1 stronghold_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT midst_NN1 of_IO personal_JJ and_CC political_JJ 
crises_NN2 ,_, in_II the_AT face_NN1 of_IO threats_NN2 and_CC yet_RR with_IW 
the_AT support_NN1 of_IO many_DA2 local_JJ Maoris_NP2 ,_, he_PPHS1 carried_VVD 
on_RP with_IW his_APPGE duties_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL When_CS it_PPH1 was_VBDZ impossible_JJ to_TO do_VDI otherwise_RR 
he_PPHS1 retreated_VVD a_AT1 step_NN1 or_CC two_MC ,_, but_CCB he_PPHS1 
never_RR gave_VVD up_RP his_APPGE concern_NN1 or_CC his_APPGE activities_NN2 
on_II31 behalf_II32 of_II33 the_AT people_NN of_IO the_AT west_ND1 coast_NN1 
harbours_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL After_CS the_AT fighting_NN1 was_VBDZ over_RP ,_, the_AT 
emergency_NN1 of_IO *1_NULL Pai_NP1 Marire_NP1 *0_NULL finally_RR forced_VVD 
his_APPGE retreat_NN1 ,_, but_CCB he_PPHS1 stayed_VVD on_RP nearby_RL ,_, 
in_II Raglan_NP1 ,_, and_CC when_RRQ he_PPHS1 could_VM he_PPHS1 slipped_VVD 
into_II Kawhia_NP1 harbour_NN1 to_TO minister_VVI to_II his_APPGE Maori_JJ 
flock_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL His_APPGE name_NN1 was_VBDZ Cort_NP1 Henry_NP1 Schnackenberg_NP1 
and_CC he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ known_VVN to_II his_APPGE Maori_JJ parishioners_NN2 
as_CSA *'_" Henare_NP1 Minita_NP1 **'_" ._. 

^ *<_NULL *4_NULL The_AT Making_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 Missionary_JJ *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Cort_NP1 Henry_NP1 Schnackenberg_NP1 was_VBDZ born_VVN 
in_II Wilstedt_NP1 ,_, Hanover_NP1 ,_, in_II 1812_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL His_APPGE parents_NN2 were_VBDR poor_JJ farmers_NN2 ,_, one_MC1 
step_NN1 removed_VVN from_II being_VBG peasants_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ baptised_VVN a_AT1 Lutheran_JJ and_CC on_II 
his_APPGE father_NN1 's_VBZ death_NN1 in_II 1825_MC was_VBDZ apprenticed_VVN 
to_II a_AT1 rope-maker_NN1 in_II his_APPGE home_NN1 town_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II 1831_MC the_AT nineteen-years-old_JJ Schnackenberg_NP1 left_VVD 
Hanover_NP1 for_IF London_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ well_JJ to_TO remember_VVI that_CST Hanover_NP1 
was_VBDZ still_RR the_AT possession_NN1 of_IO England_NP1 's_GE King_NN1 in_II 
1831_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II London_NP1 he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ befriended_VVN by_II a_AT1 
Christian_JJ family_NN ,_, the_AT Trappits_NP2 ,_, who_PNQS encouraged_VVD 
him_PPHO1 to_TO study_VVI English_JJ and_CC book-keeping_NN1 at_II night_NNT1 
school_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Some_DD of_IO the_AT other_JJ Trappit_NN1 children_NN2 emigrated_VVD 
to_II Australia_NP1 ,_, and_CC sent_VVD back_RP word_NN1 about_II 
opportunities_NN2 down_RP under_RP ._. 

^ ^_NULL Schnackenberg_NP1 was_VBDZ persuaded_VVN that_CST a_AT1 better_JJR 
life_NN1 awaited_VVD him_PPHO1 in_II the_AT Australian_JJ colonies_NN2 and_CC 
in_II March_NPM1 1838_MC he_PPHS1 emigrated_VVD to_TO New_NP South_NP 
Wales_NP1 ._. 

^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL In_II Sydney_NP1 Cort_NP1 
Schnackenberg_NP1 won_VVD employment_NN1 with_IW the_AT trading_JJ firm_NNJ 
of_IO Mercantile_NP House_NNL1 and_CC in_II November_NPM1 1839_MC was_VBDZ 
sent_VVN to_II Kawhia_NP1 ,_, then_RT a_AT1 highly_RR populated_VVD and_CC 
commodious_JJ New_NP Zealand_NP1 North_NP Island_NP1 west_ND1 coast_NN1 
port_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL As_CSA Mercantile_NP House_NNL1 's_GE resident_JJ agent_NN1 
Schnackenberg_NP1 's_GE task_NN1 was_VBDZ to_TO procure_VVI flax_NN1 and_CC 
timber_NN for_IF the_AT Australian_JJ market_NN1 ,_, and_CC store_NN1 and_CC 
protect_VV0 his_APPGE firm_NNJ 's_GE purchases_NN2 prior_II21 to_II22 
their_APPGE despatch_NN1 to_II Sydney_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Soon_RR after_II his_APPGE arrival_NN1 he_PPHS1 set_VVD himself_PPX1 
the_AT task_NN1 of_IO learning_VVG the_AT Maori_JJ language_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Existence_NN1 in_II Kawhia_NP1 in_II the_AT 1830s_MC2 and_CC 
early_JJ 1840s_MC2 was_VBDZ primitive_JJ ,_, isolated_JJ and_CC lonely_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Schnackenberg_NP1 was_VBDZ relieved_VVN to_TO find_VVI kindred_JJ 
spirits_NN2 among_II the_AT otherwise_RR alien_JJ European_NN1 and_CC Maori_JJ 
population_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT Reverend_NNB John_NP1 Whiteley_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 Wesleyan_JJ 
missionary_NN1 ,_, had_VHD ministered_VVN from_II Kawhia_NP1 since_II 1833_MC 
to_II a_AT1 mission_NN1 station_NN1 that_CST **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL 
followed_VVD the_AT coast_NN1 from_II Aotea_NP1 harbour_NN1 to_II the_AT 
Taranaki_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 shared_VVD the_AT work_NN1 with_IW James_NP1 Wallis_NP1 
in_II Whaingaroa_NP1 harbour_NN1 (_( Raglan_NP1 harbour_NN1 )_) just_RR to_II 
the_AT north_ND1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Schnackenberg_NP1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 pious_JJ young_JJ Lutheran_JJ ,_, 
untainted_JJ by_II the_AT sins_NN2 of_IO the_AT flesh_NN1 common_NN1 to_II 
most_DAT shipping_NN1 agents_NN2 on_II the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 coast_NN1 ,_, 
and_CC was_VBDZ a_AT1 godsend_NN1 to_II Whiteley_NP1 and_CC Wallis_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Within_II a_DD221 few_DD222 months_NNT2 of_IO his_APPGE arrival_NN1 
Schnackenberg_NP1 was_VBDZ persuaded_VVN to_TO add_VVI the_AT office_NN1 of_IO 
honorary_JJ catechist_NN1 to_II that_DD1 of_IO trader_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Whiteley_NP1 persuaded_VVD Schnackenberg_NP1 that_CST his_APPGE 
Christian_JJ duty_NN1 lay_VVD with_IW preaching_VVG the_AT gospel_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Schnackenberg_NP1 already_RR felt_VVD a_AT1 strong_JJ commitment_NN1 
to_II the_AT welfare_NN1 of_IO the_AT Maori_JJ people_NN ,_, and_CC 
decided_VVD that_CST he_PPHS1 should_VM devote_VVI his_APPGE life_NN1 to_II 
them_PPHO2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II January_NPM1 1843_MC he_PPHS1 returned_VVD to_II Sydney_NP1 ,_, 
resigned_VVD his_APPGE job_NN1 with_IW the_AT shipping_NN1 agency_NN1 ,_, 
and_CC married_JJ Amy_NP1 Walsall_NP1 (_( ne_NN1 *?_NULL 2e_MC Trappit_NP1 )_) 
,_, a_AT1 widowed_JJ daughter_NN1 of_IO the_AT family_NN which_DDQ had_VHD 
befriended_VVN him_PPHO1 in_II London_NP1 ._. 

^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Catechist_JJ and_CC Minister_NN1 *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL In_II 1844_MC Schnackenberg_NP1 was_VBDZ engaged_VVN 
as_II a_AT1 full-time_JJ catechist_NN1 by_II the_AT Australasian_JJ 
Wesleyan_NP1 Connexion_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ appointed_VVN to_II Mokau_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 river_NN1 
mouth_NN1 station_NN1 in_II northern_JJ Taranaki_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL There_RL he_PPHS1 established_VVD a_AT1 native_JJ school_NN1 ,_, 
set_VVD up_RP preaching_VVG places_NN2 ,_, trained_VVN Maori_JJ monitors_NN2 
,_, and_CC moderated_VVN the_AT warlike_JJ behaviour_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE 
charges_NN2 by_II travelling_VVG with_IW them_PPHO2 when_RRQ they_PPHS2 *'_" 
invaded_VVD **'_" the_AT New_JJ Plymouth_NP1 settlement_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 also_RR cooperated_VVD with_IW local_JJ chiefs_NN2 and_CC 
with_IW Donald_NP1 McLean_NP1 (_( acting_VVG on_II31 behalf_II32 of_II33 
the_AT crown_NN1 )_) in_II a_AT1 large_JJ number_NN1 of_IO land_NN1 
purchases_VVZ in_II the_AT Mokau-Awakino_NP1 region_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL \_NULL Mrs_NNB Schnackenberg_NP1 's_GE health_NN1 declined_VVD in_II 
Mokau_NP1 and_CC the_AT first_MD signs_NN2 of_IO what_DDQ was_VBDZ 
eventually_RR to_TO prove_VVI a_AT1 fatal_JJ illness_NN1 appeared_VVN 
during_II this_DD1 first_MD missionary_JJ posting_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL After_II nine_MC years_NNT2 as_II a_AT1 full-time_JJ catechist_NN1 
,_, Schnackenberg_NP1 was_VBDZ received_VVN as_II a_AT1 probationer_NN1 for_IF 
the_AT Wesleyan_JJ ministry_NN1 in_II 1853_MC ,_, and_CC was_VBDZ ordained_VVN 
at_II High_JJ Street_NN1 Church_NNJ in_II Auckland_NP1 in_II 1857_MC ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL After_II ordination_NN1 Schnackenberg_NP1 received_VVD a_AT1 
new_JJ assignment_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ sent_VVN back_RP to_II Kawhia_NP1 (_( his_APPGE 
former_DA trading_JJ post_NN1 )_) in_II 1858_MC as_II an_AT1 ordained_JJ 
minister_NN1 of_IO the_AT word_NN1 and_CC sacrament_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 returned_VVD to_II a_AT1 Kawhia_NP1 where_RRQ politics_NN 
had_VHD invaded_VVN life_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Where_CS previously_RR trade_NN1 ,_, market_NN1 prices_NN2 ,_, the_AT 
missionary_NN1 's_VBZ sermon_NN1 and_CC local_JJ gossip_NN1 had_VHD 
dominated_VVN conversation_NN1 ,_, arguments_NN2 about_II the_AT need_NN1 
for_IF a_AT1 Maori_JJ king_NN1 ,_, about_II the_AT injustice_NN1 of_IO 
Taranaki_JJ land_NN1 sales_NN2 ,_, and_CC about_II Pakeha_NP1 arrogance_NN1 
,_, were_VBDR now_RT dominant_JJ ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Schnackenberg_NP1 reported_VVD his_APPGE first_MD unease_NN1 
over_II the_AT politicising_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE Maori_JJ charges_NN2 in_II 
early_RR 1858_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 informed_VVD his_APPGE church_NN1 authorities_NN2 that_CST 
some_DD of_IO his_APPGE monitors_NN2 had_VHD joined_VVN a_AT1 Waikato_NP1 
war_NN1 party_NN heading_VVG for_IF the_AT Taranaki_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 wrote_VVD to_II the_AT governor_NN1 ,_, warning_VVG 
him_PPHO1 that_CST the_AT Kawhia_NP1 people_NN mostly_RR sympathised_VVD 
with_IW the_AT Taranaki_JJ Land_NN1 League_NNJ ,_, and_CC were_VBDR bent_VVN 
on_II stopping_VVG further_RRR Pakeha_NP1 land_NN1 gains_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL During_II 1858_MC and_CC 1859_MC several_DA2 meetings_NN2 
of_IO the_AT Waikato_NP1 and_CC Ngati_NP1 Maniapoto_NP1 were_VBDR held_VVN 
to_TO proclaim_VVI the_AT ageing_JJ chief_NN1 ,_, Te_AT Whero_NP1 Whero_NP1 
,_, as_CSA king_NN1 *-_- Potatau_NP1 *=_NULL I._NP1 ^_NULL To_TO begin_VVI 
with_IW ,_, some_DD Kingites_NP1 ,_, perhaps_RR a_AT1 majority_NN ,_, held_VVD 
that_DD1 loyalty_NN1 to_II a_AT1 Maori_JJ King_NN1 was_VBDZ perfectly_RR 
compatible_JJ with_IW loyalty_NN1 to_II Queen_NNB Victoria_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Government_NNJ opposition_NN1 to_II the_AT King_NNB Movement_NP1 
soon_RR made_VVN loyalty_NN1 to_II the_AT British_JJ Crown_NN1 exclusive_JJ 
of_IO loyalty_NN1 to_II the_AT King_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Schnackenberg_NP1 was_VBDZ then_RT forced_VVN to_TO recognise_VVI 
the_AT existence_NN1 within_II his_APPGE station_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 powerful_JJ 
movement_NN1 which_DDQ renounced_VVD loyalty_NN1 to_II Queen_NNB Victoria_NP1 
in_II31 favour_II32 of_II33 the_AT King_NN1 ,_, and_CC even_RR at_II divine_JJ 
service_NN1 loudly_RR interjected_VVD *'_" Kingi_NP1 **'_" whenever_RRQV 
he_PPHS1 prayed_VVD for_IF the_AT queen_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Schnackenberg_NP1 was_VBDZ at_RR21 first_RR22 entirely_RR 
antagonistic_JJ to_II the_AT belligerent_JJ Kingites_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Writing_VVG from_II Aotea_NP1 on_II 12_MC June_NPM1 1860_MC he_PPHS1 
commented_VVD on_II a_AT1 visit_NN1 to_II Kawhia_NP1 by_II Rewi_NP1 
Maniapoto_NP1 and_CC the_AT Maori_JJ king_NN1 :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL 
|_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL 
Schnackenberg_NP1 initially_RR concluded_VVD that_CST the_AT Kingite_NP1 
movement_NN1 consisted_VVD of_IO a_AT1 hard_JJ core_NN1 of_IO fanatics_NN2 
with_IW a_AT1 large_JJ following_NN1 stirred_VVD by_II oratory_NN1 rather_II21 
than_II22 ideology_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Part_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE dislike_NN1 sprang_VVD from_II a_AT1 
personal_JJ tussle_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 Wesleyan_JJ monitor_NN1 who_PNQS had_VHD 
joined_VVN the_AT Kingite_NP1 camp_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 chief_NN1 was_VBDZ responsible_JJ for_IF collecting_VVG 
money_NN1 to_TO pay_VVI the_AT Wesleyan_JJ minister_NN1 's_VBZ stipend_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 had_VHD collected_VVN 500_MC pounds_NN2 towards_II 
Whitely_NP1 's_GE stipend_NN1 and_CC 100_MC pounds_NN2 towards_II Skinner_NP1 
's_GE ,_, then_RT after_II the_AT outbreak_NN1 of_IO war_NN1 in_II 1860_MC 
he_PPHS1 coldly_RR informed_VVD Schnackenberg_NP1 :_: 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Both_DB2 are_VBR now_RT our_APPGE 
enemies_NN2 ,_, and_CC so_CS are_VBR you_PPY ,_, therefore_RR you_PPY shall_VM 
have_VHI nothing_PN1 *-_- the_AT money_NN1 will_VM go_VVI to_II the_AT 
King_NN1 ,_, who_PNQS will_VM build_VVI churches_NN2 and_CC appoint_NN1 
ministers_NN2 ._. 

^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Kingites_NP1 demanded_VVD 
tribute_NN1 from_II Schnackenberg_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS sternly_RR refused_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL A_AT1 request_NN1 for_IF permission_NN1 to_TO build_VVI a_AT1 
battle_NN1 pa_NN1 on_II missionary_JJ property_NN1 was_VBDZ also_RR 
declined_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT missionary_NN1 made_VVD few_DA2 concessions_NN2 to_II the_AT 
new_JJ infrastructure_NN1 of_IO Kingite_NP1 commanders_NN2 and_CC 
magistrates_NN2 who_PNQS now_RT dominated_VVD the_AT Kawhia_NP1 region_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL His_APPGE advice_NN1 to_II a_AT1 local_JJ chief_NN1 was_VBDZ 
crystal_NN1 clear_JJ :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL In_II 
1859_MC Schnackenberg_NP1 had_VHD thought_VVN that_CST the_AT Kingite_NP1 
movement_NN1 would_VM be_VBI a_AT1 short-lived_JJ comet_NN1 and_CC that_CST 
a_AT1 blockade_NN1 of_IO Kawhia_NP1 and_CC Aotea_NP1 harbours_NN2 by_II the_AT 
Royal_JJ Navy_NNJ would_VM bring_VVI three-quarters_MF of_IO the_AT 
district_NN1 's_VBZ population_NN1 to_II the_AT loyalists_NN2 '_GE side_NN1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL By_II mid-1861_NN1 he_PPHS1 had_VHD been_VBN proved_VVN wrong_JJ 
and_CC had_VHD more_DAR reason_NN1 still_RR to_TO dislike_VVI the_AT 
Kingites_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II a_AT1 letter_NN1 of_IO 24_MC May_NPM1 he_PPHS1 confided_VVD 
to_II a_AT1 brother_NN1 minister_NN1 that_CST some_DD of_IO his_APPGE 
students_NN2 had_VHD been_VBN carried_VVN away_RP by_II invaders_NN2 ,_, 
and_CC he_PPHS1 noted_VVD that_CST the_AT **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL inland_JJ 
Church_NP Missionary_NP1 Society_NNJ stations_NN2 were_VBDR not_XX 
threatened_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL Surprisingly_NP1 ,_, Schnackenberg_NP1 now_RT showed_VVD more_DAR 
understanding_NN1 of_IO the_AT interplay_NN1 of_IO provocation_NN1 and_CC 
reaction_NN1 which_DDQ had_VHD brought_VVN the_AT King_NN1 movement_NN1 
into_II existence_NN1 than_CSN he_PPHS1 had_VHD hitherto_RT ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II a_AT1 letter_NN1 dated_VVD 1_MC1 June_NPM1 1861_MC the_AT 
missionary_NN1 wrote_VVD :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL 
Throughout_II 1861_MC and_CC 1862_MC Henare_NP1 Minita_NP1 continued_VVD to_TO 
play_VVI with_IW the_AT problem_NN1 of_IO understanding_VVG the_AT Kingite_NP1 
movement_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Mid-June_NPM1 1862_MC saw_VVD him_PPHO1 penning_VVG a_AT1 letter_NN1 
wherein_RRQ he_PPHS1 concluded_VVD that_CST there_EX were_VBDR two_MC 
foundations_NN2 for_IF Kingitanga_NP1 *-_- a_AT1 desire_NN1 to_TO keep_VVI 
their_APPGE lands_NN2 and_CC a_AT1 desire_NN1 to_TO dominate_VVI and_CC 
plunder_VVI the_AT Pakeha_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 believed_VVD that_CST those_DD2 who_PNQS supported_VVD 
the_AT second_MD direction_NN1 were_VBDR the_AT majority_NN of_IO the_AT 
king_NN1 's_GE following_VVG ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II a_AT1 letter_NN1 to_II the_AT governor_NN1 ,_, dated_VVD 
11_MC February_NPM1 1863_MC ,_, Schnackenberg_NP1 solicited_VVD direct_JJ 
intervention_NN1 in_II the_AT affairs_NN2 of_IO his_APPGE 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL region_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 proposed_VVD that_CST the_AT governor_NN1 sail_NN1 to_II 
Kawhia_NP1 and_CC negotiate_VV0 with_IW the_AT seaboard_NN1 chiefs_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Schnackenberg_NP1 argued_VVD :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Once_CS 
the_AT Waikato_NP1 war_NN1 began_VVD in_II July_NPM1 1863_MC ,_, 
Schnackenberg_NP1 increased_VVD his_APPGE mediatorial_JJ attempts_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 wrote_VVD three_MC times_NNT2 to_II Governor_NNB Grey_NP1 
stating_VVG local_JJ opposition_NN1 to_II the_AT construction_NN1 of_IO the_AT 
Raglan_NP1 road_NN1 *-_- a_AT1 military_JJ road_NN1 designed_VVD to_TO 
link_VVI the_AT garrison_NN1 port_NN1 of_IO Raglan_NP1 with_IW the_AT 
interior_NN1 ,_, and_CC allow_VV0 a_AT1 thrust_NN1 by_II the_AT military_JJ 
towards_II the_AT Kingite_NP1 strong_JJ points_NN2 at_II Paterangi_NP1 and_CC 
Rangiowhia_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 also_RR conveyed_VVD the_AT condemnation_NN1 of_IO 
European_JJ settlers_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL On_II 26_MC June_NPM1 1863_MC he_PPHS1 appealed_VVD to_II the_AT 
governor_NN1 for_IF the_AT release_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 Kawhia_NP1 Maori_NP1 ,_, 
Aporo_NP1 ,_, arrested_VVD following_VVG a_AT1 Kingite_NP1 raid_NN1 on_II 
John_NP1 Gorst_NP1 's_GE printing_NN1 press_NN at_II Te_AT Awamutu_NP1 *-_- 
the_AT press_NN used_VVN to_TO print_VVI a_AT1 government_NN newspaper_NN1 
in_II Maori_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Aporo_NP1 's_GE arrest_NN1 and_CC subsequent_JJ conviction_NN1 
became_VVD a_AT1 test_NN1 case_NN1 for_IF Kawhia_NP1 Maoris_NP2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT community_NNJ was_VBDZ divided_VVN ,_, and_CC tensions_NN2 
built_VVD up_RP which_DDQ Schnackenberg_NP1 had_VHD to_TO take_VVI into_II 
account_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Schnackenberg_NP1 's_GE circuit_NN1 report_NN1 of_IO 16_MC 
November_NPM1 1863_MC ,_, during_II the_AT full_JJ thrust_NN1 of_IO 
Cameron_NP1 's_GE invasion_NN1 down_II the_AT Waikato_NP1 river_NN1 ,_, 
revealed_VVD that_CST his_APPGE district_NN1 was_VBDZ now_RT fiercely_RR 
Kingite_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Collections_NN2 of_IO money_NN1 were_VBDR raised_VVN for_IF the_AT 
king_NN1 's_VBZ cause_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Kawhia_NP1 's_GE youth_NN were_VBDR enrolled_VVN as_II the_AT 
king_NN1 's_VHZ soldiers_NN2 and_CC its_APPGE three_MC water-mills_NN2 had_VHD 
ceased_VVN to_TO be_VBI used_VVN by_II a_AT1 population_NN1 now_RT caught_VVD 
up_RP in_II the_AT fever_NN1 of_IO war_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT missionary_JJ now_RT found_VVD it_PPH1 expedient_JJ to_TO 
keep_VVI his_APPGE own_DA counsel_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 depended_VVD on_II overland_NN1 delivery_NN1 of_IO 
messages_NN2 ,_, mail_NN1 and_CC newspapers_NN2 from_II Raglan_NP1 for_IF 
his_APPGE contact_NN1 with_IW Pakeha_NP1 civilisation_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT missionary_NN1 admitted_VVD that_CST 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Circumspect_JJ he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ ,_, 
but_CCB cowardly_JJ he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ not_XX ._. 

^ ^_NULL A_AT1 kingite_NP1 chief_NN1 robbed_VVD the_AT mission_NN1 station_NN1 
of_IO three_MC head_NN1 of_IO cattle_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Schnackenberg_NP1 at_RR21 once_RR22 informed_VVD the_AT other_JJ 
chiefs_NN2 who_PNQS advised_VVD him_PPHO1 to_TO write_VVI to_II the_AT 
king_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT missionary_NN1 refused_VVD ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 answered_VVD ,_, *"_" ^_NULL The_AT King_NN1 has_VHZ no_AT 
power_NN1 over_II chiefs_NN2 *-_- nor_CC do_VD0 I_PPIS1 look_VVI to_II 
him_PPHO1 but_CCB to_II you_PPY for_IF protection_NN1 against_II thieves_NN2 
**"_" ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT robber_NN1 ,_, annoyed_JJ at_II the_AT Pakeha_NP1 minister_NN1 
's_VBZ attempt_NN1 to_TO win_VVI justice_NN1 through_II chiefs_NN2 ,_, 
denounced_VVD Schnackenberg_NP1 to_II a_AT1 king_NN1 's_VBZ magistrate_NN1 
who_PNQS summoned_VVD him_PPHO1 to_II a_AT1 sitting_NN1 of_IO the_AT king_NN1 
's_VBZ court_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL When_CS Schnackenberg_NP1 did_VDD not_XX attend_VVI ,_, he_PPHS1 
was_VBDZ visited_VVN by_II a_AT1 pair_NN of_IO the_AT king_NN1 's_VBZ 
court_NN1 officers_NN2 (_( he_PPHS1 referred_VVD to_II them_PPHO2 as_CSA *'_" 
lawyers_NN2 *-_- so_JJ21 called_JJ22 **'_" )_) and_CC told_VVD that_CST 
he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ required_VVN to_TO pay_VVI 18_MC pounds_NN2 as_II a_AT1 
fine_JJ for_IF *'_" non-attendance_NN1 **'_" ._. 

^ ^_NULL Schnackenberg_NP1 exploded_VVD :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL How_RRQ did_VDD Schnackenberg_NP1 
manage_VVI to_TO keep_VVI himself_PPX1 from_II being_VBG assassinated_VVN 
during_II this_DD1 turbulent_JJ period_NN1 in_II Waikato_NP1 history_NN1 ?_? 

^ ^_NULL Friendly_JJ chiefs_NN2 ,_, some_DD loyalist_NN1 but_CCB most_DAT 
rebel_NN1 ,_, saw_VVD to_II it_PPH1 that_CST threats_NN2 did_VDD not_XX 
develop_VVI into_II physical_JJ molestation_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL When_CS the_AT king_NN1 's_VBZ tax_NN1 gatherers_NN2 called_VVN on_II 
the_AT Europeans_NN2 of_IO the_AT Waikato_NP1 sea_NN1 coast_NN1 all_DB the_AT 
European_JJ residents_NN2 paid_VVD up_RP *-_- except_II Schnackenberg_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT tax-collector_NN1 threatened_VVD that_CST *'_" the_AT wind_NN1 
will_VM roar_VVI and_CC you_PPY will_VM have_VHI no_AT shelter_NN1 **'_" ,_, 
but_CCB no_AT action_NN1 followed_VVD ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Schnackenberg_NP1 was_VBDZ no_AT fool_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 kept_VVD a_AT1 very_RG close_JJ eye_NN1 on_II 
developments_NN2 in_II the_AT fighting_NN1 in_II the_AT Waikato_NP1 ,_, and_CC 
took_VVD careful_JJ soundings_NN2 into_II the_AT temper_NN1 of_IO the_AT 
people_NN in_II his_APPGE coastal_JJ villages_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ not_XX going_VVGK to_TO hazard_VVI his_APPGE 
life_NN1 or_CC his_APPGE work_NN1 ,_, or_CC the_AT mission_NN1 property_NN1 
,_, if_CS this_DD1 could_VM be_VBI avoided_VVN ,_, but_CCB also_RR he_PPHS1 
was_VBDZ not_XX prepared_VVN to_TO turn_VVI tail_NN1 and_CC run_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 wanted_VVD to_TO keep_VVI on_RP with_IW his_APPGE chosen_JJ 
work_NN1 among_II the_AT Maori_JJ people_NN of_IO Kawhia_NP1 harbour_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL At_II the_AT same_DA time_NNT1 ,_, he_PPHS1 faced_VVD tragedy_NN1 
in_II his_APPGE own_DA life_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II the_AT winter_NNT1 of_IO 1863_MC there_EX were_VBDR 
rumours_NN2 of_IO danger_NN1 for_IF Europeans_NN2 along_II the_AT coast_NN1 
as_CSA General_NNB Cameron_NP1 's_GE forces_NN2 gradually_RR worked_VVD 
their_APPGE way_NN1 up_II the_AT Waikato_NP River_NNL1 ._. 

^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 168+TEXT+F25_FO **]_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ a_AT1 story_NN1 of_IO Rotowaro_NP1 
*-_- a_AT1 town_NN1 which_DDQ was_VBDZ built_VVN for_IF coal_NN1 and_CC 
that_DD1 will_VM disappear_VVI for_IF coal_NN1 when_RRQ the_AT opencast_NN1 
mining_NN1 begins_VVZ ,_, where_CS the_AT houses_NN2 stand_VV0 today_RT ,_, 
in_II a_DD221 few_DD222 years_NNT2 time_VV0 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT people_NN will_VM be_VBI rehoused_VVN in_II Huntly_NP1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *1_NULL Rotowaro_NP1 ,_, *0_NULL means_VVZ *1_NULL lake_NN1 
of_IO coal_NN1 ;_; *0_NULL the_AT extensive_JJ deposits_NN2 were_VBDR 
known_VVN before_II the_AT European_NN1 came_VVD ,_, and_CC local_JJ 
Maoris_NP2 warmed_VVD themselves_PPX2 at_II coal_NN1 fires_NN2 from_II the_AT 
outcrops_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II 1849_MC ,_, \_NULL Dr._NNB {_NULL A.G._FO }_NULL 
Purchas_NN2 ,_, Vicar_NN1 of_IO Onehunga_NP1 ,_, relieving_VVG the_AT 
missionary_JJ ,_, \_NULL Rev._NNB {_NULL B.Y_NP1 ._. 

^ }_NULL Ashwell_NP1 at_II his_APPGE station_NN1 at_II Kaitotehe_NP1 ,_, 
opposite_JJ Taupiri_NP1 ,_, was_VBDZ shown_VVN not_XX only_RR the_AT 
outcrop_NN1 that_CST the_AT missionaries_NN2 were_VBDR using_VVG for_IF 
heat_NN1 on_II the_AT west_ND1 bank_NN1 of_IO the_AT river_NN1 but_CCB also_RR 
two_MC areas_NN2 of_IO coalbearing_VVG land_NN1 on_II the_AT east_ND1 side_NN1 
of_IO the_AT Waikato_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 made_VVD a_AT1 shipment_NN1 of_IO coal_NN1 to_II 
Auckland_NP1 by_II portage_NN1 over_II the_AT ground_NN1 ,_, down_II the_AT 
Awaroa_NP1 stream_NN1 and_CC across_II the_AT Manukau_NP1 harbour_NN1 from_II 
Onehunga_NP1 to_II Auckland_NP1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL During_II the_AT wars_NN2 of_IO the_AT 1860s_MC2 the_AT 
coal_NN1 seam_NN1 on_II the_AT west_ND1 side_NN1 of_IO the_AT river_NN1 
supplied_VVD coal_NN1 for_IF the_AT gunboats_NN2 ,_, the_AT soldiers_NN2 
carrying_VVG it_PPH1 down_RP on_II their_APPGE backs_NN2 until_II a_AT1 
chute_NN1 was_VBDZ constructed_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL After_CS the_AT wars_NN2 the_AT *1_NULL Waikato_NP1 Steamship_NN1 
Company_NNJ *0_NULL took_VVD coal_NN1 from_II this_DD1 seam_NN1 for_IF the_AT 
river_NN1 steamers_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL On_II the_AT east_ND1 side_NN1 ,_, Captain_NNB Anthony_NP1 
Ralph_NP1 ,_, previously_RR a_AT1 sergeant_NN1 in_II the_AT Fencibles_NP1 
at_II Onehunga_NP1 ,_, was_VBDZ granted_VVN land_NN1 along_II21 with_II22 
his_APPGE sons_NN2 ,_, son-in-law_NN1 and_CC company_NN1 of_IO the_AT *1_NULL 
4th_MD Waikato_NP1 Militia_NN ,_, *0_NULL between_II Kimihia_NP1 and_CC 
Taupiri_NP1 at_II Rahupokeka_NP1 ,_, now_RT Huntly_NP1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Putting_VVG his_APPGE knowledge_NN1 of_IO coal_NN1 to_II 
good_JJ use_NN1 ,_, Ralph_NP1 ,_, and_CC his_APPGE wife_NN1 Margaret_NP1 ,_, 
registered_VVD the_AT first_MD *1_NULL Taupiri_NP1 Coalmines_NN2 Company_NNJ 
*0_NULL in_II April_NPM1 1874_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL Although_CS Ralph_NP1 died_VVD in_II December_NPM1 1873_MC ,_, 
his_APPGE wife_NN1 and_CC family_NN carried_VVD on_RP ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT first_MD mine_NN1 was_VBDZ opened_VVN for_IF commercial_JJ 
production_NN1 in_II 1876_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II 1883_MC ,_, the_AT company_NN1 wanted_VVD more_DAR land_NN1 
and_CC found_VVN under_II their_APPGE articles_NN2 that_CST they_PPHS2 
could_VM not_XX expand_VVI so_CS they_PPHS2 formed_VVD a_AT1 new_JJ 
company_NN1 ,_, *1_NULL Taupiri_NP1 Extended_VVD Coalmines_NN2 \_NULL Ltd_JJ 
*0_NULL adjacent_II21 to_II22 ,_, and_CC incorporating_VVG ,_, the_AT 
original_JJ mine_NN1 ,_, with_IW the_AT pithead_NN1 next_II21 to_II22 
Hokanoa_NP Lake_NNL1 in_II which_DDQ is_VBZ now_RT Huntly_NP1 Domain_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL A_AT1 reserve_JJ mine_NN1 had_VHD been_VBN opened_VVN at_II 
Kimihia_NP1 in_II 1887_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II 1889_MC the_AT new_JJ *1_NULL Extended_JJ *0_NULL mine_NN1 
came_VVD into_II production_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT following_JJ year_NNT1 
the_AT *1_NULL Ralph_NP1 *0_NULL mine_NN1 in_II the_AT main_JJ street_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 had_VHD to_TO be_VBI erected_VVN as_II a_AT1 thick_JJ 
fault_NN1 divided_VVD the_AT coalfield_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II 1889_MC ,_, the_AT three_MC Ralph_NP1 owned_VVD 
mines_NN2 ,_, though_CS under_RG separate_JJ management_NN ,_, amalgamated_VVD 
with_IW the_AT Waikato_NP1 mine_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ had_VHD been_VBN in_II 
bankruptcy_NN1 since_II 1890_MC ,_, to_TO form_VVI *1_NULL Taupiri_NP1 
Coalmines_NN2 \_NULL Ltd_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL *0_NULL This_DD1 company_NN1 ran_VVD the_AT mines_NN2 and_CC 
formed_VVD new_JJ ones_NN2 on_II the_AT west_ND1 of_IO Huntly_NP1 until_CS 
the_AT State_NN1 took_VVD over_RP in_II 1950_MC ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Coal_NN1 in_II the_AT Waikato_NP1 was_VBDZ formed_VVN over_RG 
forty_MC million_NNO years_NNT2 ago_RA from_II accumulations_NN2 of_IO 
mosses_NN2 ,_, fern_NN1 shrubs_NN2 and_CC small_JJ trees_NN2 in_II peat_NN1 
swamps_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT seams_NN2 vary_VV0 in_II thickness_NN1 from_II an_AT1 
average_NN1 three_MC metres_NNU2 to_II more_RR21 than_RR22 twenty-five_MC 
metres_NNU2 in_II parts_NN2 of_IO Maramarua_NP1 ,_, North_NP Huntly_NP1 and_CC 
parts_NN2 of_IO Rotowaro_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT western_JJ limit_NN1 of_IO the_AT Waikato_NP1 coalfields_NN2 
is_VBZ clearly_RR defined_VVN by_II thinning_VVG seams_NN2 which_DDQ do_VD0 
not_XX extend_VVI economically_RR beyond_II Renown_NP1 ,_, Glen_NP1 Afton_NP1 
,_, Glen_NP1 Massey_NP1 and_CC Whatawhata_NP1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL At_II Rotowaro_NP1 there_EX is_VBZ a_AT1 proved_JJ reserve_NN1 
of_IO ten_MC million_NNO tons_NNU2 that_CST could_VM economically_RR be_VBI 
recovered_VVN by_II opencast_NN1 methods_NN2 ,_, according_II21 to_II22 a_AT1 
survey_NN1 made_VVN in_II 1973_MC ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Huntly_NP1 ,_, incidentally_RR ,_, is_VBZ also_RR sitting_VVG 
on_II a_AT1 lot_NN of_IO coal_NN1 *-_- it_PPH1 has_VHZ been_VBN estimated_VVN 
that_CST the_AT old_JJ mines_NN2 ,_, *1_NULL Taupiri_NP1 Extended_VVD *0_NULL 
and_CC *1_NULL Ralphs_NP1 ,_, *0_NULL extracted_VVD less_RR21 than_RR22 
twenty-five_MC per_NNU21 cent_NNU22 of_IO the_AT available_JJ coal_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Plans_NN2 are_VBR underway_RR to_TO extract_VVI this_DD1 coal_NN1 
by_II modern_JJ methods_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *1_NULL Ralph_NP1 *0_NULL mine_NN1 shut_VVD down_RP in_II 
1916_MC after_II the_AT disaster_NN1 in_II 1914_MC in_II which_DDQ 43_MC 
men_NN2 lost_VVD their_APPGE lives_NN2 ;_; *1_NULL Taupiri_NP1 Extended_VVD 
*0_NULL shut_VVN in_II 1924_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT company_NN1 then_RT turned_VVD its_APPGE attention_NN1 to_II 
the_AT west_ND1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL As_RG early_RR as_CSA 1902_MC the_AT *1_NULL Taupiri_NP1 
Coalmines_NN2 Company_NNJ \_NULL Ltd_JJ *0_NULL had_VHD opened_VVN 
negotiations_NN2 with_IW the_AT *1_NULL Taupiri_NP1 Dairy_NN1 Company_NNJ 
*0_NULL to_TO open_VVI mines_NN2 on_II the_AT west_ND1 side_NN1 of_IO the_AT 
river_NN1 ,_, but_CCB as_CSA neither_RR of_IO the_AT companies_NN2 ,_, nor_CC 
the_AT Government_NNJ ,_, was_VBDZ prepared_VVN to_TO build_VVI a_AT1 
bridge_NN1 across_II the_AT river_NN1 at_II Huntly_NP1 and_CC a_AT1 branch_NN1 
railway_NN1 line_NN1 to_TO link_VVI the_AT coalfields_NN2 with_IW the_AT 
main_JJ trunk_NN1 line_NN1 ,_, the_AT project_NN1 fell_VVD through_RP ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ not_XX until_II 1911_MC that_DD1 work_NN1 
commenced_VVD on_II the_AT bridge_NN1 and_CC railway_NN1 line_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Previously_RR the_AT river_NN1 had_VHD been_VBN crossed_VVN by_II 
pontoon_NN1 punt_NN1 ,_, or_CC canoe_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ completed_VVN in_II 1914_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL *1_NULL Pukemiro_NP1 Colleries_NP1 *0_NULL was_VBDZ formed_VVN by_II 
{_NULL W.R.H._NP }_NULL Hetherington_NP1 commenced_VVD **[_NULL sic_RR 
**]_NULL sending_VVG out_RP coal_NN1 in_II 1915_MC ,_, and_CC closed_VVN in_II 
1967_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 was_VBDZ the_AT last_MD mine_NN1 on_II the_AT field_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *1_NULL Taupiri_NP1 Coalmines_NN2 \_NULL Ltd_JJ ,_, *0_NULL 
having_VHG closed_VVN the_AT *1_NULL Ralph_NP1 *0_NULL mine_NN1 in_II 1916_MC 
,_, purchased_JJ property_NN1 in_II the_AT Rotowaro_NP1 area_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Machinery_NP1 from_II *1_NULL Ralph_NP1 *0_NULL mine_NN1 was_VBDZ 
installed_VVN and_CC in_II 1917_MC Rotowaro_NP1 began_VVD producing_VVG 
coal_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 had_VHD been_VBN in_II operation_NN1 for_IF six_MC 
months_NNT2 when_RRQ the_AT *1_NULL Inspector_NN1 of_IO Mines_NN2 *0_NULL 
made_VVD his_APPGE report_NN1 to_II the_AT *1_NULL House_NN1 of_IO 
Representatives_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL *0_NULL \_NULL Mr_NNB Boyd_NP1 Bennie_NP1 's_GE report_NN1 stated_VVD 
:_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT coal_NN1 was_VBDZ 
reported_VVN as_RG *'_" *1_NULL good_JJ hard_JJ coal_NN1 **'_" *0_NULL and_CC 
the_AT mine_NN1 comparatively_RR *'_" *1_NULL dry_JJ **'_" ,_, *0_NULL 
which_DDQ was_VBDZ a_AT1 pleasant_JJ change_NN1 from_II the_AT Huntly_NP1 
mines_NN2 which_DDQ ,_, running_VVG under_II the_AT river_NN1 and_CC lakes_NN2 
,_, were_VBDR always_RR wet_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT company_NN1 erected_VVD houses_NN2 for_IF the_AT manager_NN1 
and_CC officials_NN2 ,_, and_CC a_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO *'_" *1_NULL 
comfortable_JJ cottages_NN2 **'_" *0_NULL with_IW modern_JJ conveniences_NN2 
for_IF the_AT miners_NN2 in_II the_AT new_JJ township_NN1 arising_VVG near_II 
the_AT Rotowaro_NP1 railway_NN1 station_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Many_DA2 of_IO these_DD2 *'_" *1_NULL comfortable_JJ cottages_NN2 
**'_" *0_NULL are_VBR still_RR there_RL ,_, but_CCB not_XX for_IF much_RR 
longer_RRR ._. 

^ ^_NULL Having_VHG extracted_VVN all_DB the_AT coal_NN1 possible_JJ by_II 
underground_JJ mining_NN1 ,_, the_AT entire_JJ township_NN1 of_IO Rotowaro_NP1 
is_VBZ to_TO be_VBI engulfed_VVN in_II a_AT1 huge_JJ opencast_NN1 mine_NN1 
*-_- by_II at_RR21 least_RR22 1989_MC ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL This_DD1 move_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN known_VVN since_II 1979_MC 
and_CC many_DA2 people_NN moved_VVN into_II Huntly_NP1 and_CC were_VBDR re_II 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL -housed_JJ ;_; others_NN2 thought_VVD it_PPH1 
would_VM not_XX happen_VVI in_II their_APPGE time_NNT1 and_CC stayed_VVD on_RP 
._. 

^ ^_NULL Over_II the_AT years_NNT2 Rotowaro_NP1 became_VVD the_AT main_JJ 
mine_NN1 in_II the_AT district_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II 1921_MC there_EX were_VBDR three_MC small_JJ 
accumulations_NN2 of_IO inflammable_JJ gas_NN1 lit_VVN by_II naked_JJ 
lights_NN2 in_II the_AT Rotowaro_NP1 mine_NN1 ,_, and_CC one_MC1 
spontaneous_JJ fire_NN1 which_DDQ was_VBDZ put_VVN out_RP without_IW loss_NN1 
of_IO life_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT mine_NN1 was_VBDZ closed_VVN for_IF six_MC weeks_NNT2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Subsequently_RR the_AT whole_JJ mine_NN1 was_VBDZ worked_VVN with_IW 
safety_NN1 lamps_NN2 and_CC permitted_JJ explosives_NN2 ,_, mostly_RR A2_FU 
Monobel_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II 1924_MC the_AT mine_NN1 was_VBDZ worked_VVN on_II two_MC 
levels_NN2 known_VVN as_II *1_NULL Rotowaro_NP1 *0_NULL \_NULL No._NN1 1_MC1 
and_CC \_NULL No._NN1 2_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II 1926_MC the_AT great_JJ progress_NN1 was_VBDZ made_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT mine_NN1 was_VBDZ now_RT operating_VVG on_II three_MC 
levels_NN2 ,_, \_NULL No._NN1 3_MC level_JJ producing_NN1 150_MC tons_NNU2 
of_IO coal_NN1 a_AT1 day_NNT1 with_IW the_AT help_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 
coalcutting_JJ machine_NN1 ,_, an_AT1 innovation_NN1 which_DDQ had_VHD 
been_VBN in_II operation_NN1 for_IF about_RG 18_MC months_NNT2 ._. 

^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL By_II 1931_MC ,_, the_AT 
depression_NN1 was_VBDZ beginning_VVG to_TO bite_VVI ;_; the_AT slack_JJ 
coal_NN1 dump_NN1 at_II the_AT mine_NN1 had_VHD increased_VVN to_II 30,000_MC 
tons_NNU2 due_II21 to_II22 cancellation_NN1 of_IO the_AT slack_JJ 
contracts_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT mine_NN1 was_VBDZ capable_JJ of_IO turning_VVG out_RP 1000_MC 
tons_NNU2 a_AT1 day_NNT1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Total_JJ production_NN1 to_II the_AT end_NN1 of_IO 1931_MC was_VBDZ 
1,633,856_MC tons_NNU2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL However_RRQV the_AT surplus_NN1 was_VBDZ soon_RR taken_VVN 
up_RP by_II the_AT *1_NULL Waikato_NP1 Carbonization_NN1 \_NULL Ltd_JJ *0_NULL 
plant_NN1 ,_, making_VVG *1_NULL briquettes_NN2 *0_NULL commenced_VVD **[_NULL 
sic_RR **]_NULL operations_NN2 in_II June_NPM1 1931_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT *'_" *1_NULL little_JJ devils_NN2 for_IF heat_NN1 **'_" 
*0_NULL you_PPY see_VV0 advertised_VVN on_II television_NN1 still_RR come_VV0 
from_II there_RL ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL \_NULL No._NN1 4_MC drive_NN1 was_VBDZ opened_VVN at_II the_AT 
Rotowaro_NP1 mine_NN1 in_II 1939_MC ,_, and_CC plans_NN2 by_II the_AT 
State_NN1 to_TO open_VVI another_DD1 underground_JJ mine_NN1 ,_, *1_NULL 
Allison_NP1 's_GE Taupiri_NP1 Coalmines_NN2 \_NULL Ltd_JJ *0_NULL since_CS 
its_APPGE inception_NN1 in_II 1899_MC until_II 1943_MC ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II 1939_MC eleven_MC men_NN2 lost_VVD their_APPGE lives_NN2 
at_II *1_NULL Glen_NP1 Afton_NP1 *0_NULL mine_NN1 (_( owned_VVN by_II the_AT 
*1_NULL New_NP Zealand_NP1 Co_NP1 **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL -operative_JJ 
Dairy_NN1 Company_NNJ )_) ._. 

^ ^_NULL *0_NULL A_AT1 fire_NN1 had_VHD been_VBN located_VVN in_II the_AT 
mine_NN1 ;_; instead_II21 of_II22 being_VBG extinguished_VVN ,_, as_CSA 
was_VBDZ thought_VVN ,_, it_PPH1 continued_VVD to_TO burn_VVI and_CC take_VVI 
oxygen_NN1 from_II the_AT air_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL When_CS the_AT manager_NN1 and_CC others_NN2 went_VVD to_TO 
investigate_VVI the_AT next_MD day_NNT1 ,_, they_PPHS2 were_VBDR overcome_VVN 
by_II carbon_NN1 monoxide_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL After_CS this_DD1 disaster_NN1 ,_, a_ZZ1 *1_NULL Mines_NN2 Rescue_VV0 
Station_NN1 *0_NULL was_VBDZ set_VVN up_RP at_II Rotowaro_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Working_VVG in_II respirators_NN2 and_CC under_RG bad_JJ 
conditions_NN2 this_DD1 unit_NN1 averted_VVD many_DA2 accidents_NN2 by_II 
dealing_VVG with_IW fires_NN2 or_CC falls_NN2 of_IO coal_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL \_NULL Mr_NNB \_NULL A._NP1 Duffy_NP1 was_VBDZ seconded_VVN to_II 
Huntly_NP1 to_TO train_VVI the_AT men_NN2 when_RRQ Andrew_NP1 Lennox_NP1 
became_VVD the_AT first_MD Superintendent_NN1 in_II 1942_MC ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II 1942_MC following_RA a_AT1 strike_NN1 at_II the_AT 
Pukemiro_NP1 Mine_NN1 ,_, the_AT Government_NNJ took_VVD over_II the_AT 
Waikato_NP1 coalfields_NN2 for_IF the_AT duration_NN1 of_IO the_AT war_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II 1950_MC the_AT State_NN1 took_VVD over_RP all_DB areas_NN2 
owned_VVD by_II *1_NULL Taupiri_NP1 Coalmines_NN2 \_NULL Ltd_JJ ,_, *0_NULL 
including_II Rotowaro_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 trend_NN1 has_VHZ continued_VVN ;_; other_JJ mines_NN2 
such_II21 as_II22 *1_NULL Pukemiro_NP1 *0_NULL and_CC *1_NULL McDonald_NP1 
*0_NULL having_VHG been_VBN opencast_VVN after_II their_APPGE underground_JJ 
workings_NN2 had_VHD shut_VVN down_RP *-_- in_II *1_NULL Kimihia_NP1 *0_NULL 
mine_NN1 ,_, east_ND1 of_IO Huntly_NP1 ,_, they_PPHS2 even_RR drained_VVD 
a_AT1 sizable_JJ lake_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Now_RT it_PPH1 is_VBZ Rotowaro_NP1 's_GE turn_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II 1951_MC the_AT underground_JJ workers_NN2 went_VVD on_II 
strike_NN1 in_II31 support_II32 of_II33 the_AT waterside_NN1 workers_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ not_XX a_AT1 happy_JJ time_NNT1 in_II Huntly_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT opencast_NN1 workers_NN2 did_VDD not_XX stop_VVI working_VVG 
and_CC were_VBDR loathed_VVN by_II the_AT others_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II 1972_MC an_AT1 important_JJ experiment_NN1 began_VVD 
at_II Rotowaro_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL A_AT1 new_JJ continuous_JJ miner_NN1 (_( a_AT1 Lee_NP1 Norse_NP1 
{_NULL CM_NNU }_NULL 100_MC continuous_JJ miner_NN1 450_MC {_NULL HP_NNU 
}_NULL and_CC 2_MC Joy_NP1 10_MC {_NULL SC_NP1 }_NULL *-_- AC6_FO Shuttle_NN1 
cars_NN2 )_) ,_, under_II mine_NN1 manager_NN1 ,_, \_NULL W._NP1 Munden_NP1 
,_, started_VVD **[_NULL sic_RR **]_NULL production_NN1 at_II the_AT new_JJ 
mine_NN1 *1_NULL Rotowaro_NP1 \_NULL No._NN1 5_MC ,_, *0_NULL east_ND1 of_IO 
the_AT previous_JJ mines_NN2 ,_, was_VBDZ put_VVN to_TO work_VVI ._. 

^ ^_NULL Another_DD1 innovation_NN1 was_VBDZ the_AT use_NN1 of_IO roof_NN1 
bolting_VVG with_IW hydraulic_JJ machines_NN2 was_VBDZ tested_VVN here_RL ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 was_VBDZ to_TO see_VVI whether_CSW the_AT continuous_JJ 
miner_NN1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 practicable_JJ proposition_NN1 for_IF the_AT new_JJ 
mines_NN2 which_DDQ were_VBDR to_TO be_VBI opened_VVN east_ND1 and_CC west_ND1 
of_IO Huntly_NP1 ,_, and_CC whether_CSW miners_NN2 could_VM be_VBI trained_VVN 
to_TO operate_VVI this_DD1 complicated_JJ machinery_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT answer_NN1 was_VBDZ *'_" *1_NULL yes_UH **'_" *0_NULL 
on_II both_DB2 counts_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Output_NN1 per_II man_NN1 per_II shift_NN1 with_IW the_AT 
underground_JJ miner_NN1 was_VBDZ 5_MC to_II 6_MC times_NNT2 greater_JJR 
than_CSN in_II conventional_JJ mines_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT men_NN2 took_VVD to_II the_AT machines_NN2 with_IW ease_NN1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL These_DD2 machines_NN2 are_VBR now_RT in_RR21 full_RR22 use_VV0 at_II 
the_AT east_ND1 mine_NN1 ,_, Huntly_NP1 (_( which_DDQ has_VHZ its_APPGE 
adit_NN1 on_II which_DDQ used_VMK to_TO be_VBI the_AT bed_NN1 of_IO Kimihia_NP 
Lake_NNL1 from_II which_DDQ all_DB coal_NN1 is_VBZ gone_VVN )_) ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 mine_NN1 is_VBZ operating_VVG under_II Huntly_NP1 
township_NN1 and_CC has_VHZ given_VVN rise_VV0 to_II a_DD221 few_DD222 
problems_NN2 *-_- but_CCB this_DD1 is_VBZ another_DD1 story_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Total_JJ production_NN1 from_II the_AT Rotowaro_NP1 mine_NN1 
to_II 31_MC December_NPM1 ,_, 1974_MC was_VBDZ 6,389,030_MC tons_NNU2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Latest_JJT figures_NN2 available_JJ ,_, from_II 1983_MC show_NN1 
84,717_MC tonnes_NNU2 from_II underground_JJ mines_NN2 and_CC 317,146_MC 
tonnes_NNU2 from_II opencast_NN1 mines_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Opencast_NP1 mining_NN1 must_VM increase_VVI as_II the_AT amount_NN1 
of_IO coal_NN1 which_DDQ can_VM be_VBI obtained_VVN by_II underground_JJ 
methods_NN2 is_VBZ worked_VVN out_RP ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL So_RR ,_, farewell_UH ,_, Rotowaro_NP1 ,_, all_DB the_AT 
coal_NN1 will_VM be_VBI won_VVN from_II the_AT vast_JJ lake_NN1 of_IO coal_NN1 
._. 

^ *<_NULL *6_NULL WHEN_CS REMUERA_NP1 WAS_VBDZ OPEN_JJ COUNTRY_NN1 ..._... 

^ *>_NULL 

^ *<_NULL *4_NULL By_II Florence_NP1 Barnes_NP1 *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Born_VVN in_II 1900_MC ,_, I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ the_AT 
youngest_JJT in_II a_AT1 family_NN of_IO seven_MC and_CC lived_VVN in_II 
Remuera_NP1 until_CS I_PPIS1 married_VVD in_II 1922_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 can_VM remember_VVI when_RRQ Remuera_NP1 was_VBDZ like_II 
open_JJ country_NN1 ;_; all_DB paddocks_NN2 and_CC native_JJ bush_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 would_VM be_VBI five_MC years_NNT2 of_IO age_NN1 
when_RRQ I_PPIS1 used_VMK to_TO watch_VVI teams_NN2 of_IO bullocks_NN2 
drag_VV0 great_JJ tree_NN1 trunks_VVZ out_II21 of_II22 the_AT bush_NN1 to_TO 
make_VVI a_AT1 clearing_NN1 for_IF the_AT primary_JJ school_NN1 which_DDQ 
is_VBZ still_RR on_II that_DD1 site_NN1 today_RT ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II those_DD2 days_NNT2 there_EX were_VBDR gypsies_NN2 
who_PNQS used_VMK to_TO arrive_VVI in_II their_APPGE quaint_JJ caravans_NN2 
and_CC camp_NN1 for_IF days_NNT2 in_II a_AT1 clearing_NN1 where_RRQ 
Clonbern_NP Road_NNL1 is_VBZ today_RT ,_, not_XX far_RR from_II *1_NULL 
King_NP1 's_GE \_NULL Prep_NN1 ._. 

^ School_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL As_II a_AT1 family_NN we_PPIS2 attended_VVD \_NULL 
St_NP Luke_NP1 's_GE Presbyterian_JJ church_NN1 on_II Remuera_NP Road_NNL1 
which_DDQ was_VBDZ a_AT1 considerable_JJ walk_NN1 from_II our_APPGE home_NN1 
in_II Orakei_NP Road_NNL1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB we_PPIS2 thought_VVD nothing_PN1 of_IO it_PPH1 in_II 
those_DD2 days_NNT2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 remember_VV0 the_AT interest_NN1 we_PPIS2 took_VVD *-_- 
as_CSA we_PPIS2 passed_VVD *-_- in_II the_AT magnificent_JJ ,_, large_JJ 
Bond_NP1 family_NN home_NN1 perched_VVD well_RR above_II the_AT road_NN1 on_II 
the_AT steep_JJ sides_NN2 of_IO \_NULL Mt_NNL1 Hobson_NP ._. 

^ ^_NULL There_EX were_VBDR two_MC huge_JJ caves_NN2 on_II the_AT property_NN1 
that_CST held_VVD a_AT1 fascination_NN1 for_IF us_PPIO2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL When_CS the_AT home_NN1 was_VBDZ built_VVN the_AT caves_NN2 were_VBDR 
filled_VVN in_RP to_TO make_VVI way_NN1 for_IF tennis_NN1 courts_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL \_NULL Mt_NNL1 Hobson_NP has_VHZ happy_JJ memories_NN2 for_IF 
me_PPIO1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL On_II fine_JJ days_NNT2 during_II the_AT school_NN1 holidays_NN2 
mother_NN1 would_VM cut_VVI a_AT1 picnic_NN1 lunch_NN1 and_CC take_VVI 
us_PPIO2 all_DB up_RP the_AT mountain_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Those_DD2 were_VBDR the_AT days_NNT2 when_RRQ there_EX were_VBDR 
no_AT shops_NN2 along_II Remuera_NP Road_NNL1 and_CC we_PPIS2 would_VM 
have_VHI to_TO walk_VVI to_II Newmarket_NP1 to_TO do_VDI our_APPGE 
shopping_NN1 ;_; that_REX21 is_REX22 ,_, until_CS the_AT tramlines_NN2 
were_VBDR laid_VVN as_CS31 far_CS32 as_CS33 Victoria_NP Avenue_NNL1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Our_APPGE education_NN1 was_VBDZ limited_VVN to_II primary_JJ 
school_NN1 ,_, there_EX being_VBG no_AT opportunities_NN2 for_IF a_AT1 
secondary_JJ education_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 would_VM go_VVI straight_RR into_II employment_NN1 upon_II 
leaving_VVG school_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 remember_VV0 how_RRQ proud_JJ my_APPGE brother_NN1 Ray_NP1 
was_VBDZ of_IO his_APPGE job_NN1 with_IW *1_NULL Pullan_NP1 and_CC 
Armitage_NP1 *0_NULL in_II Albert_NP Street_NNL1 ,_, who_PNQS hired_VVD out_RP 
horses_NN2 and_CC gigs_NN2 to_II commercial_JJ travellers_NN2 ,_, and_CC 
employed_JJ boys_NN2 to_TO drive_VVI these_DD2 company_NN1 reps_NN2 
throughout_II the_AT inner_JJ city_NN1 and_CC out_RP into_II the_AT 
suburbs_NN2 ,_, calling_VVG on_II retailers_NN2 for_IF their_APPGE orders_NN2 
._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL But_CCB of_IO those_DD2 early_JJ days_NNT2 when_RRQ we_PPIS2 
lived_VVD in_II Remuera_NP1 there_EX are_VBR sad_JJ memories_NN2 of_IO the_AT 
influenza_NN1 epidemic_NN1 which_DDQ ,_, in_II real_JJ terms_NN2 was_VBDZ 
a_AT1 kind_NN1 of_IO plague_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ eighteen_MC years_NNT2 of_IO age_NN1 when_CS it_PPH1 
hit_VVD my_APPGE three_MC sisters_NN2 ,_, my_APPGE brother_NN1 and_CC me_PPIO1 
all_DB at_II the_AT same_DA time_NNT1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Kind_JJ people_NN from_II \_NULL St_NP Luke_NP1 's_GE would_VM 
bring_VVI large_JJ jugs_NN2 of_IO lemon_NN1 drinks_VVZ to_II our_APPGE 
bedsides_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Food_NN1 had_VHD to_TO be_VBI avoided_VVN as_RG much_DA1 as_CSA 
possible_JJ ,_, but_CCB liquids_NN2 had_VHD to_TO be_VBI consumed_VVN in_II 
large_JJ quantities_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL My_APPGE brother_NN1 who_PNQS had_VHD recently_RR been_VBN 
repatriated_VVN by_II the_AT army_NNJ in_II France_NP1 ,_, because_II21 
of_II22 a_AT1 leaking_JJ heart_NN1 valve_NN1 ,_, was_VBDZ at_II home_NN1 
and_CC in_II a_AT1 serious_JJ condition_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 shall_VM never_RR forget_VVI the_AT day_NNT1 in_II 
November_NPM1 ,_, 1918_MC when_RRQ the_AT air_NN1 became_VVD filled_VVN 
with_IW noise_NN1 ._. 

^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 169+TEXT+F26_FO **]_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *3_NULL IN_II *1_NULL an_AT1 age_NN1 ,_, when_CS ,_, what_DDQ 
constitutes_VVZ a_AT1 good_JJ holiday_NN1 for_IF many_DA2 folk_NN2 is_VBZ 
to_TO clock_VVI up_RP as_RG many_DA2 kilometers_NNU2 as_CSA possible_JJ 
while_CS conducting_VVG a_AT1 grand_JJ tour_NN1 of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 ,_, 
it_PPH1 is_VBZ a_AT1 sobering_JJ thought_NN1 of_IO **[_NULL sic_RR **]_NULL 
what_DDQ travelling_NN1 entailed_VVD in_II old_JJ Aotearoa_NP1 ,_, forms_VVZ 
a_AT1 gap_NN1 in_II our_APPGE knowledge_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 aspect_NN1 of_IO 
life_NN1 in_II not_XX so_RG remote_JJ times_NNT2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL In_II olden_JJ times_NNT2 ,_, there_EX were_VBDR 
two_MC means_VVZ available_JJ for_IF parties_NN2 travelling_VVG along_II 
the_AT coastline_NN1 and_CC areas_NN2 adjacent_II21 to_II22 the_AT sea_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL These_DD2 options_NN2 available_JJ to_II travellers_NN2 were_VBDR 
walking_VVG along_II the_AT shoreline_NN1 with_IW deviations_NN2 inland_RL 
at_II difficult_JJ headlands_NN2 ,_, promontories_NN2 and_CC rocky_JJ 
coasts_NN2 and_CC journeying_VVG by_II water_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL When_CS viewed_VVN from_II this_DD1 vista_NN1 in_II time_NNT1 ,_, 
both_DB2 means_NN had_VHD their_APPGE shortcomings_NN2 because_II21 of_II22 
the_AT varied_JJ nature_NN1 presented_VVN by_II the_AT terrain_NN1 ,_, the_AT 
weather_NN1 and_CC sea_NN1 conditions_NN2 which_DDQ handicapped_VVD to_II 
a_AT1 varying_JJ extent_NN1 swifter_JJR travelling_NN1 by_II canoe_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Now_RT if_CSW there_EX is_VBZ one_MC1 outstanding_JJ 
feature_NN1 that_CST strikes_VVZ overseas_JJ visitors_NN2 to_II these_DD2 
shores_NN2 and_CC the_AT observant_NN1 ,_, who_PNQS in_II an_AT1 
increasingly_RR urbanised_JJ society_NN keep_VV0 an_AT1 affinity_NN1 with_IW 
nature_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ the_AT varied_JJ scenery_NN1 which_DDQ our_APPGE 
country_NN1 offers_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL However_RR in_II days_NNT2 gone_VVN by_II this_DD1 changing_JJ 
scenery_NN1 assumed_VVD another_DD1 dimension_NN1 for_IF travellers_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL For_IF to_II a_AT1 civilization_NN1 where_RRQ beasts_NN2 of_IO 
burden_NN1 and_CC wheels_NN2 were_VBDR not_XX available_JJ for_IF the_AT 
transportation_NN1 of_IO goods_NN2 and_CC people_NN ,_, an_AT1 ever_RR 
changing_VVG vista_NN1 in_II the_AT course_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 day_NNT1 's_GE 
journey_NN1 could_VM throw_VVI up_RP obstacles_NN2 which_DDQ often_RR 
taxed_VVD the_AT stamina_NN1 of_IO travellers_NN2 to_II the_AT limit_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II certain_JJ areas_NN2 canoes_NN2 were_VBDR in_II 
their_APPGE element_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT numerous_JJ bays_NN2 and_CC harbours_NN2 of_IO the_AT North_NP 
Auckland_NP1 peninsula_NN1 ,_, the_AT rugged_JJ terrain_NN1 presented_VVN 
by_II the_AT Marlborough_NP1 coastline_NN1 from_II the_AT mouth_NN1 of_IO 
the_AT Wairau_NP1 the_AT **[_NULL sic_RR **]_NULL Cape_NNL1 Koamaru_NP at_II 
the_AT northern_JJ tip_NN1 of_IO Arapawa_NP Island_NNL1 ,_, the_AT deeply_RR 
indented_VVD Marlborough_NP1 Sounds_NN2 which_DDQ ruled_VVD out_RP 
overland_NN1 travel_NN1 over_II most_DAT of_IO the_AT area_NN1 ,_, and_CC 
the_AT vast_JJ stretches_VVZ that_CST comprised_VVD the_AT eastern_JJ and_CC 
southern_JJ seaboards_NN2 of_IO the_AT South_NP Island_NP1 ,_, were_VBDR 
districts_NN2 where_RRQ coastal_JJ voyaging_NN1 held_VVD sway_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Because_II21 of_II22 the_AT sea_NN1 keeping_VVG 
limitations_NN2 imposed_VVD by_II the_AT design_NN1 of_IO the_AT waka_NN1 
taua_NN1 ,_, voyaging_VVG by_II canoe_NN1 had_VHD one_MC1 disadvantage_NN1 
in_II that_DD1 it_PPH1 was_VBDZ governed_VVN by_II the_AT weather_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL These_DD2 limitations_NN2 imposed_VVD on_II travelling_VVG by_II 
canoe_NN1 ,_, meant_VVD that_CST it_PPH1 was_VBDZ standard_JJ practice_NN1 
to_TO follow_VVI the_AT shoreline_NN1 and_CC not_XX set_VVN a_AT1 canoe_NN1 
for_IF a_AT1 distant_JJ landmark_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II windier_JJR parts_NN2 of_IO the_AT country_NN1 and_CC where_RRQ 
the_AT shoreline_NN1 provided_VVD unimpeded_JJ progress_NN1 for_IF miles_NNU2 
because_II21 of_II22 the_AT existence_NN1 of_IO sandy_JJ beaches_NN2 ,_, 
much_DA1 of_IO the_AT travelling_NN1 was_VBDZ on_II foot_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL These_DD2 conditions_NN2 existed_VVD in_II the_AT lower_JJR half_NN 
of_IO the_AT North_NP Island_NP1 's_GE west_ND1 coast_NN1 where_RRQ 
physical_JJ barriers_NN2 placed_VVN in_II the_AT path_NN1 of_IO the_AT 
traveller_NN1 were_VBDR rivers_NN2 to_TO ford_VVI ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Travelling_VVG by_II canoe_NN1 however_RR held_VVD the_AT 
great_JJ advantage_NN1 in_II that_DD1 a_AT1 greater_JJR distance_NN1 could_VM 
be_VBI covered_VVN in_II a_AT1 given_JJ time_NNT1 and_CC what_DDQ is_VBZ 
more_RGR important_JJ a_AT1 greater_JJR volume_NN1 of_IO goods_NN2 and_CC 
produce_VV0 could_VM be_VBI transported_VVN with_IW less_DAR energy_NN1 
being_VBG spent_VVN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Primitive_NN1 as_II the_AT old_JJ transport_NN1 and_CC 
communication_NN1 system_NN1 may_VM appear_VVI in_II this_DD1 day_NNT1 and_CC 
age_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 nevertheless_RR worked_VVN for_IF all_DB the_AT 
limitations_NN2 imposed_VVD by_II the_AT technology_NN1 of_IO the_AT time_NNT1 
._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL This_DD1 can_VM be_VBI readily_RR judged_VVN by_II the_AT 
distribution_NN1 of_IO greenstone_NN1 from_II its_APPGE South_NP Island_NP1 
sources_NN2 ,_, and_CC the_AT widespread_JJ presence_NN1 of_IO Mayor_NNB 
Island_NP1 Obsidian_JJ *-_- volcanic_JJ glass_NN1 *-_- in_II ancient_JJ 
village_NN1 rubbish_NN1 heaps_VVZ hundreds_NNO2 of_IO miles_NNU2 away_RL 
from_II where_RRQ it_PPH1 was_VBDZ quarried_VVN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL However_RRQV the_AT point_NN1 that_CST needs_VVZ to_TO be_VBI 
taken_VVN into_II account_NN1 when_CS looking_VVG back_RP into_II these_DD2 
earlier_JJR times_NNT2 ,_, is_VBZ that_DD1 whether_CSW travelling_VVG 
away_II21 from_II22 the_AT pa_NN1 or_CC kainga_NN1 as_CSA done_VDN by_II 
walking_VVG or_CC coastal_JJ voyaging_NN1 ,_, the_AT two_MC means_NN of_IO 
journeying_VVG were_VBDR complementary_JJ to_II one_PPX121 another_PPX122 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Although_CS early_JJ missionaries_NN2 ,_, traders_NN2 ,_, 
naval_JJ and_CC army_NNJ officers_NN2 and_CC other_JJ persons_NN2 of_IO 
varying_JJ backgrounds_NN2 have_VH0 documented_VVN in_II their_APPGE 
journals_NN2 and_CC published_VVN literary_JJ efforts_NN2 aspects_NN2 of_IO 
travel_NN1 in_II old_JJ New_NP Zealand_NP1 ,_, there_EX is_VBZ still_RR 
much_DA1 that_CST should_VM be_VBI recorded_VVN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Historical_JJ societies_NN2 abound_VV0 but_CS little_DA1 
is_VBZ done_VDN by_II these_DD2 bodies_NN2 to_TO look_VVI into_II the_AT 
subject_NN1 of_IO how_RRQ earlier_JJR generations_NN2 moved_VVN about_II 
their_APPGE districts_NN2 and_CC record_NN1 information_NN1 on_II salient_JJ 
points_NN2 of_IO interest_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 wider_JJR community_NNJ ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *5_NULL The_AT heyday_NN1 of_IO coastal_JJ voyaging_NN1 by_II 
canoe_NN1 is_VBZ well_RR captured_VVN in_II this_DD1 scene_NN1 drawn_VVN by_RP 
{_NULL C.F_VV0 }_NULL Angus_NN1 off_II the_AT mouth_NN1 of_IO the_AT 
Wairau_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Cloudy_JJ Bay_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 wide_JJ stretch_NN1 of_IO water_NN1 
but_CCB here_RL we_PPIS2 can_VM see_VVI the_AT coastal_JJ navigators_NN2 of_IO 
old_JJ keeping_NN1 close_RR to_II the_AT shoreline_NN1 instead_II21 of_II22 
making_VVG a_AT1 direct_JJ course_NN1 from_II A-Z_ZZ1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT inshore_JJ canoe_NN1 is_VBZ sailing_VVG before_II the_AT 
wind_NN1 while_CS the_AT one_PN1 in_II the_AT foreground_NN1 is_VBZ 
heading_VVG into_II a_AT1 swell_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Under_II these_DD2 conditions_NN2 the_AT steersman_NN1 would_VM 
keep_VVI the_AT bow_NN1 a_DD221 few_DD222 degrees_NN2 from_II the_AT wind_NN1 
so_CS21 that_CS22 the_AT craft_NN1 would_VM slice_VVI through_II the_AT 
water_NN1 and_CC avoid_VVI the_AT tendency_NN1 to_TO roll_VVI ._. 

^ ^_NULL All_DB the_AT indications_NN2 are_VBR that_CST it_PPH1 will_VM be_VBI 
a_AT1 wet_JJ trip_NN1 for_IF the_AT complement_NN1 of_IO the_AT canoe_NN1 
heading_VVG into_II the_AT sea_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II this_DD1 part_NN1 of_IO the_AT country_NN1 overland_NN1 
travel_NN1 was_VBDZ virtually_RR out_II21 of_II22 the_AT question_NN1 
because_II21 of_II22 the_AT rugged_JJ nature_NN1 of_IO the_AT Port_NNL1 
Underwood_NP Hills_NN2 which_DDQ extended_VVD from_II the_AT Wairau_NP1 to_II 
Tory_NP Channel_NNL1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Nevertheless_RR these_DD2 were_VBDR times_NNT2 of_IO 
change_NN1 for_IF the_AT Maori_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Though_CS the_AT scene_NN1 depicts_VVZ a_AT1 past_JJ era_NN1 it_PPH1 
was_VBDZ nevertheless_RR the_AT time_NNT1 when_RRQ the_AT traditional_JJ 
Maori_JJ sail_NN1 plaited_VVD from_II indigenous_JJ material_NN1 had_VHD 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL been_VBN replaced_VVN by_II a_AT1 more_RGR 
durable_JJ article_NN1 cut_VVN from_II duck_NN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ no_RR21 doubt_RR22 due_II21 to_II22 the_AT 
early_JJ adoption_NN1 of_IO duck_NN for_IF sail_NN1 making_VVG which_DDQ 
accounts_VVZ for_IF the_AT dearth_NN1 of_IO the_AT genuine_JJ article_NN1 
in_II our_APPGE museums_NNL2 ._. 

^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Kapiti_NP1 Coast_NP1 *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *5_NULL Today_RT the_AT rocky_JJ headland_NN1 of_IO the_AT 
Te-Ana-o-Hau_NP1 excites_VVZ no_AT particular_JJ interest_NN1 to_II 
travellers_NN2 as_CSA it_PPH1 is_VBZ simply_RR yet_RR another_DD1 bold_JJ 
headland_NN1 around_II our_APPGE coastline_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Situated_JJ near_II the_AT southern_JJ end_NN1 of_IO the_AT 
great_JJ coastal_JJ walkway_NN1 which_DDQ extended_VVD from_II Kawhia_NP1 
in_II the_AT north_ND1 and_CC to_II all_DB intents_NN2 and_CC purposes_NN2 
ended_VVN at_II Porirua_NP1 Harbour_NP1 in_II the_AT south_ND1 ,_, 
Te-Ana-o-Hau_NP1 which_DDQ marks_VVZ the_AT western_JJ headland_NN1 of_IO 
Pukerua_NP Bay_NNL1 was_VBDZ in_II old_JJ Aotearoa_NP1 an_AT1 important_JJ 
landmark_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Legend_NN1 has_VHZ it_PPH1 ,_, that_CST Hau_NP1 an_AT1 
early_JJ explorer_NN1 in_II this_DD1 part_NN1 of_IO Te_AT Ika-A-Maui_NP1 on_II 
finding_VVG his_APPGE path_NN1 blocked_VVD by_II the_AT promontory_NN1 and_CC 
a_AT1 mass_NN1 of_IO jagged_JJ and_CC jumbled_JJ rocks_NN2 ,_, cleared_VVD 
the_AT way_NN1 by_II creating_VVG the_AT archway_NN1 which_DDQ was_VBDZ 
from_II then_RT on_II21 to_II22 perpetuate_NN1 his_APPGE name_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 feat_NN1 he_PPHS1 achieved_VVD by_II resorting_VVG to_RP 
and_CC performing_VVG a_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO incantations_NN2 and_CC 
spells_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL {_NULL W.C._NN1 }_NULL Carkeek_NP1 in_II his_APPGE 
informative_JJ hand_NN1 **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL -book_NN1 on_II the_AT 
placenames_NN2 of_IO the_AT *"_" Kapiti_NP1 Coast_NP1 **"_" records_VVZ 
how_RRQ on_II reaching_VVG Te_AT Ana-o-Hau_NP1 parties_NN2 of_IO Ngati_NP1 
Toa_NP1 would_VM make_VVI camp_NN1 for_IF the_AT night_NNT1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL This_DD1 practice_NN1 would_VM have_VHI been_VBN good_JJ 
bushcraft_NN1 for_IF south_ND1 of_IO Te_AT Ana-o-Hau_NP1 the_AT terrain_NN1 
altered_VVD ._. 

^ ^_NULL Sand_NN1 which_DDQ had_VHD been_VBN so_RG much_DA1 part_NN1 of_IO 
the_AT scenery_NN1 now_RT changed_VVN to_II a_AT1 rocky_JJ coastline_NN1 or_CC 
as_II an_AT1 alternative_JJ route_NN1 ,_, parties_NN2 could_VM scale_VVI 
the_AT cliff_NN1 and_CC then_RT proceed_VV0 along_II the_AT rest_NN1 of_IO 
the_AT coastal_JJ range_NN1 of_IO hills_NN2 for_IF a_DD221 few_DD222 
miles_NNU2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Then_RT the_AT scenery_NN1 changed_VVD again_RT with_IW 
some_DD miles_NNU2 of_IO wearying_VVG travelling_NN1 along_II the_AT 
mudflats_NN2 of_IO Porirua_NP1 Harbour_NP1 ._. 

^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL This_DD1 custom_NN1 of_IO 
calling_VVG a_AT1 halt_NN1 was_VBDZ no_RR21 doubt_RR22 a_AT1 time_NNT1 
honoured_VVD practice_NN1 that_CST had_VHD long_RR been_VBN in_II vogue_NN1 
before_II the_AT Ngati_NP1 Toa_NP1 wrested_VVD the_AT land_NN1 from_II the_AT 
Ngati_NP1 Ira_NP1 in_II 1826_MC ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Te_AT Ana-o-Hau_NP1 no_RR21 doubt_RR22 served_VVN as_II a_AT1 
camp_NN1 site_NN1 in_II early_JJ times_NNT2 for_IF parties_NN2 of_IO 
Rangitane_NP1 from_II Rangitikei_NP1 who_PNQS were_VBDR in_II the_AT 
course_NN1 of_IO making_VVG a_AT1 visit_NN1 to_II their_APPGE kinsfolk_NN2 
at_II Totaranui_NP *-_- Queen_NP Charlotte_NP Sound_NNL1 and_CC further_RRR 
to_II the_AT south_ND1 in_II the_AT Wairau_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT same_DA practice_NN1 of_IO calling_VVG a_AT1 halt_NN1 at_II 
Te_AT Ana-o-Hau_NP1 no_RR21 doubt_RR22 applied_VVN to_II the_AT Ngati_NP1 
Apa_NP1 of_IO Turakina_NP1 in_II olden_JJ times_NNT2 ,_, when_RRQ parties_NN2 
were_VBDR enroute_NN1 to_TO visit_VVI their_APPGE kinsfolk_NN2 of_IO 
Durville_NP Island_NNL1 *-_- Rangitoto_NP1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL {_NULL E.J._NP1 }_NULL Wakefield_NP1 in_II his_APPGE 
journal_NN1 *"_" Adventure_NN1 in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 **"_" records_VVZ 
that_CST when_CS proceeding_VVG to_II Wanganui_NP1 by_II31 way_II32 of_II33 
the_AT route_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 southerly_JJ swell_NN1 was_VBDZ causing_VVG the_AT 
sea_NN1 to_TO surge_VVI breast_NN1 high_RR through_II the_AT archway_NN1 
and_CC that_CST through_II becoming_VVG somewhat_RR mesmerised_VVD by_II 
the_AT moving_JJ water_NN1 he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ unable_JJ to_TO synchronise_VVI 
his_APPGE movements_NN2 and_CC had_VHD to_TO be_VBI carried_VVN on_RP the_AT 
shoulders_NN2 of_IO his_APPGE companion_NN1 Te_AT Puke_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT land_NN1 mass_NN1 on_II the_AT horizon_NN1 across_II 
the_AT waters_NN2 of_IO Raukawa_NP *-_- Cook_NP Strait_NNL1 ,_, is_VBZ 
Durville_NP Island_NNL1 where_RRQ hard_JJ and_CC durable_JJ argillite_NN1 ,_, 
a_AT1 rock_NN1 much_RR in_II demand_NN1 for_IF adzes_NN2 was_VBDZ quarried_VVN 
._. 

^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Tidal_NP1 Estuary_NP1 *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *5_NULL When_CS {_NULL S.C._NP1 }_NULL Brees_NP1 principal_JJ 
surveyor_NN1 to_II the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 Company_NNJ drew_VVD this_DD1 
scene_NN1 he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ placing_VVG on_II record_NN1 a_AT1 section_NN1 
of_IO a_AT1 route_NN1 for_IF travellers_NN2 that_CST was_VBDZ soon_RR to_TO 
be_VBI consigned_VVN to_II limbo_NN1 through_II its_APPGE serious_JJ 
short-comings_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT scene_NN1 of_IO Porirua_NP1 Harbour_NP1 is_VBZ 
typical_JJ of_IO the_AT harbours_NN2 and_CC deep_JJ bays_NN2 that_CST are_VBR 
found_VVN dotted_VVD along_II both_DB2 coastlines_NN2 of_IO the_AT North_NP 
Island_NP1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ here_RL that_CST circumstances_NN2 forced_VVD 
the_AT traveller_NN1 to_TO walk_VVI along_II the_AT mudflats_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL When_CS the_AT tide_NN1 was_VBDZ in_II water_NN1 of_IO varying_JJ 
temperatures_NN2 ,_, depending_II21 on_II22 the_AT season_NNT1 ,_, had_VHD 
to_TO be_VBI endured_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_RR21 addition_RR22 travellers_NN2 often_RR had_VHN to_TO brush_VVI 
against_II thick_JJ coastal_JJ scrub_NN1 lining_VVG the_AT shoreline_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Colonists_NN2 and_CC other_JJ literature_NN1 **[_NULL sic_RR **]_NULL 
citizens_NN2 have_VH0 left_VVN a_AT1 record_NN1 in_II their_APPGE journals_NN2 
how_RRQ fatiguing_VVG ,_, for_IF both_DB2 men_NN2 and_CC horse_NN1 this_DD1 
section_NN1 of_IO the_AT ancient_JJ coastal_JJ walkway_NN1 of_IO the_AT 
Western_NP North_NP Island_NP1 could_VM be_VBI ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL From_II Porirua_NP1 Harbour_NP1 ,_, paths_NN2 through_II 
the_AT bush_NN1 led_VVN to_II Wellington_NP1 Harbour_NP1 ,_, the_AT Hutt_NP1 
and_CC Wairarapa_NP1 Valleys_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II turn_NN1 access_NN1 would_VM be_VBI obtained_VVN to_II 
Hawkes_NP Bay_NNL1 and_CC the_AT East_NP Coast_NP1 ,_, and_CC though_CS the_AT 
nature_NN1 of_IO tribal_JJ politics_NN ruled_VVD travel_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 
nature_NN1 out_II21 of_II22 the_AT question_NN1 until_CS the_AT 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL early_JJ nineteenth_MD century_NNT1 ,_, goods_NN2 
nevertheless_RR were_VBDR traded_VVN far_RR afield_RL by_II exchange_NN1 
and_CC through_II the_AT spoils_NN2 of_IO war_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Because_II21 of_II22 the_AT inbuilt_JJ shortcomings_NN2 of_IO 
this_DD1 natural_JJ road_NN1 it_PPH1 failed_VVD to_TO measure_VVI up_II21 
to_II22 the_AT standards_NN2 desired_VVN by_II the_AT colonists_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II 1847_MC a_ZZ1 coach_NN1 road_NN1 was_VBDZ constructed_VVN 
that_CST threaded_VVD its_APPGE way_NN1 around_II the_AT harbour_NN1 before_II 
leading_VVG up_RP the_AT Horokiri_NP Valley_NNL1 until_CS it_PPH1 
descended_VVD the_AT coastal_JJ escarpment_NN1 at_II Paekakariki_NP1 five_MC 
miles_NNU2 north_ND1 of_IO Te_AT Ana-o-Hau_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL From_II Paekakariki_NP1 ,_, apart_II21 from_II22 the_AT problem_NN1 
of_IO fording_VVG rivers_NN2 ,_, it_PPH1 was_VBDZ sand_NN1 all_DB the_AT 
way_NN1 to_II Wanganui_NP1 and_CC it_PPH1 was_VBDZ well_JJ into_II colonial_JJ 
times_NNT2 before_II the_AT ancient_JJ thoroughfare_NN1 was_VBDZ abandoned_VVN 
for_IF a_AT1 highway_NN1 built_VVD to_TO coach_VVI road_NN1 standards_NN2 ._. 

^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Kupe_NP1 and_CC the_AT Great_JJ Fleet_NNJ :_: history_NN1 
in_II the_AT telling_JJ *>_NULL 

^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL *<_NULL Alan_NP1 Taylor_NP1 *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Traditional_NP1 Maori_NP1 history_NN1 ,_, namata_NN1 ,_, 
was_VBDZ taught_VVN in_II a_AT1 special_JJ house_NN1 of_IO learning_VVG ;_; 
its_APPGE students_NN2 being_VBG selected_VVN on_II the_AT basis_NN1 of_IO 
social_JJ status_NN1 and_CC pumanawa_NN1 :_: proven_JJ intelligence_NN1 ,_, 
along_II21 with_II22 a_AT1 facility_NN1 for_IF memorising_VVG detailed_JJ 
information_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL On_II graduation_NN1 ,_, following_VVG years_NNT2 of_IO training_NN1 
,_, pupils_NN2 were_VBDR termed_JJ ahorangi_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL For_RR41 the_RR42 most_RR43 part_RR44 highly_RR esoteric_JJ ,_, 
the_AT learning_NN1 was_VBDZ not_XX exclusive_JJ to_II the_AT rangatira_NN1 
class_NN1 ,_, but_CCB was_VBDZ also_RR made_VVN available_JJ to_II the_AT 
wider_JJR tribal_NN1 community_NNJ *-_- in_II a_AT1 simpler_JJR form_NN1 
than_CSN that_CST taught_VVD in_II the_AT whare_NN1 wananga_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Particularly_NP1 was_VBDZ this_DD1 so_RG in_II respect_NN1 to_II 
the_AT younger_JJR generation_NN1 ,_, who_PNQS were_VBDR instructed_VVN in_II 
tribal_JJ history_NN1 in_II a_AT1 generally_RR more_RGR vivid_JJ ,_, 
dramatic_JJ form_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Since_CS the_AT 1820_MC221 's_MC222 ,_, the_AT teaching_NN1 
of_IO tribal_JJ history_NN1 by_II ahurewa_NN1 has_VHZ declined_VVN ;_; the_AT 
authority_NN1 of_IO teachers_NN2 being_VBG undermined_VVN by_II European_JJ 
contact_NN1 ,_, with_IW its_APPGE hostility_NN1 toward_II traditional_JJ 
Maori_JJ thought_NN1 and_CC values_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Ironically_RR however_RR ,_, about_II mid-19th_MD century_NNT1 an_AT1 
interest_NN1 in_II traditional_JJ Maori_JJ culture_NN1 suddenly_RR arose_VVD 
among_II certain_JJ Europeans_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL And_CC an_AT1 extraordinary_JJ (_( almost_RR obsessive_JJ )_) 
search_VV0 for_IF matauranga_NN1 maori_NP1 was_VBDZ the_AT result_NN1 ;_; 
particularly_RR matauranga_NN1 maori_NP1 relating_VVG to_II Kupe_NP1 and_CC 
Great_JJ Fleet_NNJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Additionally_NP1 ,_, the_AT Polynesian_JJ Society_NNJ was_VBDZ 
founded_VVN ,_, with_IW its_APPGE Journal_NN1 and_CC enthusiastic_JJ 
membership_NN ,_, which_DDQ included_VVD few_DA2 Maori_JJ members_NN2 *-_- 
but_CCB many_DA2 informants_NN2 ,_, some_RR trained_VVN in_II tribal_JJ 
schools_NN2 of_IO learning_VVG ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL As_II a_AT1 consequence_NN1 of_IO the_AT pursuit_NN1 of_IO 
traditional_JJ Maori_JJ learning_NN1 among_II such_DA Tohunga_NP1 pakeha_NP1 
as_II {_NULL S.P._NN1 }_NULL Smith_NP1 ,_, Elsdon_NP1 Best_JJT and_CC {_NULL 
J.M._NP }_NULL Brown_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 surprising_JJ number_NN1 of_IO books_NN2 
and_CC monographs_NN2 were_VBDR published_VVN in_II which_DDQ theories_NN2 
both_RR complex_JJ and_CC bizarre_JJ were_VBDR often_RR propounded_VVN ;_; 
particularly_RR when_RRQ the_AT Kupe-Fleet_NP1 traditions_NN2 came_VVD 
under_II learned_JJ scrutiny_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Equally_RR disturbing_JJ was_VBDZ the_AT distortion_NN1 of_IO 
recorded_JJ material_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT impulse_NN1 to_TO extensively_RR 
comment_VVI on_II ,_, or_CC to_TO explain_VVI Maori_JJ historical_JJ 
themes_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL A_AT1 fiercely_RR competitive_JJ field_NN1 ,_, early_RR 
Maori_JJ studies_NN2 had_VHD a_AT1 rigid_JJ hierarchy_NN1 of_IO *'_" 
notable_JJ experts_NN2 **'_" who_PNQS ,_, among_II the_AT greater_JJR of_IO 
their_APPGE achievements_NN2 ,_, formulated_VVD a_AT1 rather_RG plausible_JJ 
standard_JJ history_NN1 of_IO the_AT Maori_NP1 ,_, which_DDQ was_VBDZ 
widely_RR at_II variance_NN1 with_IW later_JJR research_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Unfortunately_RR ,_, the_AT history_NN1 was_VBDZ widely_RR 
adopted_VVN by_II Maori_NP1 as_II an_AT1 accurate_JJ account_NN1 of_IO the_AT 
past_NN1 (_( namata_NN1 )_) as_CSA preserved_VVN by_II tupuna_NN1 ,_, and_CC 
documented_VVD by_II European_JJ experts_NN2 in_II matauranga_NN1 maori_NP1 
..._... 

^ ^_NULL Europeans_NN2 for_RR41 the_RR42 most_RR43 part_RR44 ,_, did_VDD 
not_XX question_VVI the_AT history_NN1 :_: it_PPH1 must_VM be_VBI genuine_JJ 
history_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 was_VBDZ reasoned_VVN ,_, otherwise_RR it_PPH1 
would_VM not_XX be_VBI taught_VVN in_II schools_NN2 for_IF ,_, as_CSA it_PPH1 
turned_VVD out_RP ,_, almost_RR a_AT1 hundred_NNO years_NNT2 !_! 

^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 170+TEXT+F27_FO **]_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *2_NULL WHEN_CS WE_PPIS2 *0_NULL arrived_VVD to_TO live_VVI 
in_II Otaki_NP1 in_II May_NPM1 1940_MC ,_, the_AT 2nd_MD World_NN1 War_NN1 
had_VHD been_VBN in_II progress_NN1 for_IF 8_MC months_NNT2 and_CC was_VBDZ 
just_RR starting_VVG to_TO affect_VVI the_AT daily_JJ lives_NN2 of_IO the_AT 
local_JJ population_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Not_XX many_DA2 people_NN owned_VVD motor_NN1 cars_NN2 and_CC 
those_DD2 who_PNQS did_VDD were_VBDR greatly_RR affected_VVN by_II petrol_NN1 
rationing_VVG ,_, which_DDQ had_VHD been_VBN introduced_VVN immediately_RR 
War_NN1 had_VHD been_VBN declared_VVN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Because_II21 of_II22 this_DD1 ,_, cars_NN2 were_VBDR used_VVN 
for_IF local_JJ running_JJ only_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL All_DB traffic_NN1 outside_II21 of_II22 Otaki_NP1 was_VBDZ by_II 
rail_NN1 ,_, as_CSA buses_NN2 did_VDD not_XX make_VVI long_JJ distance_NN1 
travel_NN1 in_II those_DD2 days_NNT2 ,_, except_II21 for_II22 the_AT *"_" 
Dominion_NN1 Service_NN1 Car_NN1 **"_" which_DDQ left_VVD Wellington_NP1 
about_RG 2.00_MC {_NULL a.m_RA ._. 

^ }_NULL to_TO deliver_VVI the_AT morning_NNT1 paper_NN1 between_II 
Wellington_NP1 and_CC Palmerston_NP1 North_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL There_EX were_VBDR no_AT other_JJ buses_NN2 between_II towns_NN2 
and_CC the_AT Railways_NN2 coped_VVD with_IW everything_PN1 in_II the_AT 
way_NN1 of_IO passengers_NN2 and_CC goods_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL All_DB travel_NN1 centred_VVD around_II Otaki_NP1 Railway_NN1 
Station_NN1 and_CC passenger_NN1 trains_NN2 were_VBDR frequent_JJ during_II 
the_AT day_NNT1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ possible_JJ to_TO go_VVI to_II Wellington_NP1 for_IF 
a_AT1 day_NNT1 's_GE shopping_NN1 by_II rail_NN1 or_CC even_RR to_II Levin_NP1 
for_IF an_AT1 afternoon_NNT1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Six_MC days_NNT2 a_AT1 week_NNT1 ,_, return_JJ trips_NN2 
were_VBDR made_VVN between_II Wellington_NP1 and_CC New_JJ Plymouth_NP1 ,_, 
and_CC Wellington_NP1 and_CC Napier_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Although_CS they_PPHS2 did_VDD not_XX stop_VVI at_II small_JJ 
stations_NN2 ,_, all_RR stopped_VVN at_II Otaki_NP1 ,_, except_CS the_AT 
Limited_JJ which_DDQ left_VVD Wellington_NP1 at_II 7.30_MC {_NULL p.m_RA ._. 

^ }_NULL and_CC did_VDD not_XX stop_VVI until_CS it_PPH1 reached_VVD Levin_NP1 
;_; although_CS every_AT1 train_NN1 stopped_VVN at_II Paekakariki_NP1 so_CS 
the_AT passengers_NN2 could_VM get_VVI a_AT1 cup_NN1 of_IO tea_NN1 and_CC 
a_AT1 bun_NN1 if_CS they_PPHS2 so_RR wished_VVD ._. 

^ ^_NULL All_DB of_IO the_AT trains_NN2 were_VBDR usually_RR crowded_VVN 
as_CSA were_VBDR the_AT local_JJ train_NN1 services_NN2 between_II 
Wellington_NP1 and_CC Palmerston_NP1 North_NP1 which_DDQ stopped_VVD at_II 
all_DB stations_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL These_DD2 were_VBDR nicknamed_VVN *"_" The_AT Fields_NN2 **"_" in_II 
honour_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 local_JJ {_NULL M.P_NP ._. 

^ }_NULL who_PNQS lobbied_VVD so_RG hard_RR to_TO get_VVI an_AT1 efficient_JJ 
service_NN1 on_II our_APPGE line_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Partly_RR because_II21 of_II22 the_AT war_NN1 and_CC partly_RR 
because_CS there_EX was_VBDZ little_JJ work_NN1 offering_VVG in_II Otaki_NP1 
,_, many_DA2 young_JJ people_NN had_VHD moved_VVN to_TO live_VVI and_CC 
work_NN1 in_II Wellington_NP1 or_CC the_AT Hutt_NP Valley_NNL1 ,_, and_CC 
many_DA2 more_DAR were_VBDR joining_VVG the_AT armed_JJ services_NN2 as_II 
the_AT War_NN1 intensified_VVD ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Most_DAT of_IO these_DD2 young_JJ men_NN2 and_CC women_NN2 
returned_VVD home_RL to_II Otaki_NP1 at_II weekends_NNT2 to_TO visit_VVI 
family_NN and_CC friends_NN2 ,_, either_RR coming_VVG by_II train_NN1 
Friday_NPD1 night_NNT1 ,_, or_CC Saturday_NPD1 morning_NNT1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT cost_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 weekend_NNT1 special_JJ ticket_NN1 
was_VBDZ 5/6_MF \_NULL d_MC or_CC on_II a_AT1 special_JJ Sunday_NPD1 
excursion_NN1 which_DDQ ran_VVD to_II Palmerston_NP1 North_NP1 and_CC cost_NN1 
4/6_MF \_NULL d_MC for_IF return_NN1 tickets_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Ordinary_JJ fares_NN2 to_II Wellington_NP1 were_VBDR 8/7_MF \_NULL 
d_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL Almost_RR without_IW exception_NN1 all_RR returned_VVN to_II 
Wellington_NP1 on_II a_AT1 train_NN1 which_DDQ left_VVD Otaki_NP1 at_II 
6.00_MC {_NULL p.m_RA ._. 

^ }_NULL on_II Sunday_NPD1 night_NNT1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT gathering_NN1 on_II the_AT station_NN1 was_VBDZ the_AT 
highlight_NN1 of_IO the_AT week_NNT1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL There_EX were_VBDR usually_RR several_DA2 hundred_NNO people_NN 
arriving_VVG ,_, **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL and_CC the_AT wonderful_JJ 
scenes_NN2 of_IO friendly_JJ happy_JJ faces_NN2 (_( although_CS some_DD of_IO 
those_DD2 saying_VVG goodbye_NN1 for_IF the_AT last_MD time_NNT1 were_VBDR 
filled_VVN with_IW sadness_NN1 )_) had_VHD to_TO be_VBI seen_VVN to_TO be_VBI 
believed_VVN as_CSA departing_VVG times_NNT2 drew_VVD nearer_RRR ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Local_JJ young_JJ Maori_JJ girls_NN2 and_CC boys_NN2 in_II 
colourful_JJ clothing_NN1 ,_, often_RR accompanied_VVD by_II guitar-playing_JJ 
friends_NN2 ,_, were_VBDR spontaneous_JJ in_II their_APPGE songs_NN2 and_CC 
laughter_NN1 ,_, and_CC those_DD2 people_NN who_PNQS had_VHD come_VVN to_TO 
say_VVI farewell_NN1 joined_VVD in_RP ,_, whether_CSW they_PPHS2 were_VBDR 
acquaintances_NN2 or_CC strangers_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL As_II the_AT war_NN1 came_VVD closer_RRR to_II home_NN1 
after_II the_AT bombing_NN1 of_IO Pearl_NP Harbour_NP1 ,_, more_RRR and_CC 
more_RGR uniformed_JJ locals_NN2 boarded_VVD the_AT trains_NN2 on_II 
their_APPGE way_NN1 back_RP to_II camps_NN2 throughout_II the_AT district_NN1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL Of_IO those_DD2 saying_VVG *"_" good_JJ bye_NN1 **"_" who_PNQS 
will_VM ever_RR forget_VVI the_AT beautiful_JJ strains_NN2 of_IO *"_" Now_RT 
is_VBZ the_AT Hour_NNT1 **"_" sung_VVN with_IW such_DA sincerity_NN1 by_II 
the_AT passengers_NN2 and_CC those_DD2 remaining_JJ ,_, as_CSA the_AT 
train_NN1 pulled_VVN out_II21 of_II22 the_AT station_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Later_RRR in_II the_AT war_NN1 special_JJ trains_NN2 were_VBDR 
run_VVN to_TO get_VVI troops_NN2 back_VV0 to_TO camp_VVI and_CC were_VBDR 
often_RR so_RG crowded_VVN some_DD soldiers_NN2 slept_VVD in_II the_AT 
aisles_NN2 or_CC climbed_VVD up_RP into_II the_AT luggage_NN1 racks_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL When_CS we_PPIS2 lived_VVD up_RP Te_AT Manuao_NP Road_NNL1 
the_AT smell_NN1 of_IO the_AT coal_NN1 burning_VVG engines_NN2 used_VMK to_TO 
rise_VVI up_II the_AT1 hill_NN1 ,_, and_CC I_PPIS1 liked_VVD it_PPH1 so_RG 
much_DA1 I_PPIS1 decided_VVD to_TO apply_VVI for_IF a_AT1 position_NN1 at_II 
the_AT station_NN1 when_RRQ Alex_NP1 (_( my_APPGE husband_NN1 )_) was_VBDZ 
going_VVG into_II the_AT army_NNJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Incidentally_RR when_RRQ he_PPHS1 went_VVD ,_, he_PPHS1 would_VM 
not_XX take_VVI his_APPGE things_NN2 in_II a_AT1 suitcase_NN1 but_CCB went_VVD 
off_RP with_IW a_AT1 sugar-bag_NN1 over_II his_APPGE shoulder_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT stationmaster_NN1 came_VVD over_RP to_TO see_VVI 
me_PPIO1 after_CS about_RG a_AT1 month_NNT1 (_( I_PPIS1 had_VHD moved_VVN 
to_II Dunstan_NP Street_NNL1 with_IW my_APPGE invalid_JJ mother_NN1 and_CC 
a_AT1 big_JJ black_JJ curly_JJ retriever_NN1 watch_NN1 dog_NN1 )_) ,_, and_CC 
I_PPIS1 started_VVD work_NN1 as_CSA Female_JJ Clerical_JJ Assistant_NN1 1st_MD 
Division_NNJ on_II May_NPM1 16th_MD ,_, 1942_MC ,_, and_CC worked_VVN until_II 
December_NPM1 1945_MC ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ always_RR surprised_JJ at_II the_AT class_NN1 
distinction_NN1 between_II 1st_MD and_CC 2nd_MD Division_NNJ ;_; the_AT 1st_MD 
consisting_NN1 of_IO the_AT stationmaster_NN1 ,_, clerical_JJ staff_NN and_CC 
shift_VV0 clerks_NN2 ,_, and_CC the_AT 2nd_MD Division_NNJ ,_, outside_JJ 
staff_NN and_CC porters_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT stationmaster_NN1 was_VBDZ Joseph_NP1 Hurley_NP1 ;_; 
the_AT shift_NN1 clerks_NN2 ,_, Horrie_NP1 Watts_NP1 and_CC Stan_NP1 Homer_NP1 
,_, but_CCB after_CS I_PPIS1 had_VHD been_VBN there_RL a_AT1 month_NNT1 or_CC 
so_CS Horrie_NP1 had_VHD two_MC years_NNT2 sick_JJ leave_NN1 and_CC so_CS 
we_PPIS2 managed_VVD with_IW the_AT stationmaster_NN1 ,_, Stan_NP1 Homer_NP1 
and_CC two_MC cadets_NN2 ,_, Les_NP1 Torrance_NP1 and_CC Norman_NP1 
Boeyaid_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Reg_NP1 Wylie_NP1 was_VBDZ head_JJ porter_NN1 and_CC young_JJ Ted_NP1 
Fox_NP1 was_VBDZ the_AT Junior_JJ ,_, and_CC these_DD2 two_MC porters_NN2 
did_VDD all_DB the_AT work_NN1 it_PPH1 seems_VVZ to_TO take_VVI a_AT1 half_DB 
a_AT1 dozen_NNO people_NN to_TO do_VDI today_RT ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Reg_NP1 told_VVD me_PPIO1 recently_RR the_AT two_MC worst_JJT 
times_NNT2 for_IF him_PPHO1 were_VBDR the_AT mess_NN1 and_CC worry_NN1 
he_PPHS1 had_VHD on_II night_NNT1 duty_NN1 ,_, getting_VVG American_JJ 
servicemen_NN2 back_RP to_II their_APPGE camps_NN2 at_II Paekakariki_NP1 on_II 
the_AT late_JJ trains_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Most_DAT of_IO the_AT Americans_NN2 were_VBDR just_RR ordinary_JJ 
lonely_JJ soldiers_NN2 like_II ours_PPGE when_RRQ away_II21 from_II22 home_NN1 
,_, but_CCB there_EX is_VBZ always_RR the_AT exception_NN1 ,_, and_CC as_RG 
either_RR a_AT1 shift_NN1 clerk_NN1 or_CC head_JJ porter_NN1 were_VBDR on_II 
duty_NN1 all_DB night_NNT1 they_PPHS2 had_VHD to_TO deal_VVI with_IW any_DD 
trouble_NN1 which_DDQ arose_VVD ._. 

^ ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ no_AT 9.00_MC {_NULL a.m_RA ._. 

^ }_NULL till_II 5.00_MC {_NULL p.m_RA ._. 

^ }_NULL in_II those_DD2 days_NNT2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT Station_NN1 was_VBDZ never_RR left_VVN unmanned_VVN ,_, as_CSA 
there_EX were_VBDR up_II21 to_II22 a_AT1 dozen_NNO or_CC more_DAR goods_NN2 
trains_VVZ going_VVG through_II the_AT night_NNT1 ,_, with_IW food_NN1 or_CC 
equipment_NN1 for_IF the_AT troops_NN2 ,_, and_CC most_DAT engines_NN2 had_VHD 
to_TO stop_VVI at_II the_AT water_NN1 tower_NN1 just_RR north_ND1 of_IO the_AT 
station_NN1 building_NN1 to_TO fill_VVI the_AT engine_NN1 's_VHZ boilers_NN2 
with_IW water_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL One_MC1 race_NN1 day_NNT1 Reg_NP1 said_VVD there_EX was_VBDZ 
absolute_JJ bedlam_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL All_DB the_AT horses_NN2 ,_, owners_NN2 ,_, jockeys_NN2 and_CC 
race_NN1 goers_NN2 came_VVD by_II rail_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 did_VDD n't_XX have_VHI enough_DD room_NN1 for_IF all_DB 
the_AT carriages_NN2 here_RL ,_, so_CS they_PPHS2 shunted_VVD four_MC 
trains_VVZ down_RP to_II Te_AT Horo_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL All_DB went_VVD well_RR until_CS it_PPH1 was_VBDZ time_NNT1 for_IF 
everyone_PN1 to_TO go_VVI home_RL and_CC with_IW race_NN1 goers_NN2 ,_, 
owners_NN2 and_CC horses_NN2 arriving_VVG at_RR21 once_RR22 ,_, he_PPHS1 
and_CC one_MC1 shift_NN1 clerk_NN1 did_VDD not_XX make_VVI much_RR headway_NN1 
until_CS Joe_NP1 Hurley_NP1 arrived_VVD and_CC had_VHD everything_PN1 
sorted_VVN out_RP in_II fifteen_MC minutes_NNT2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB Reg_NP1 had_VHD to_TO clean_VVI up_RP afterwards_RT ,_, 
and_CC with_IW fish_NN and_CC chip_NN1 papers_NN2 ,_, race_NN1 book_NN1 
tickets_NN2 and_CC horse_NN1 manure_NN1 ,_, he_PPHS1 said_VVD it_PPH1 took_VVD 
several_DA2 hours_NNT2 ,_, and_CC finally_RR he_PPHS1 lit_VVD a_AT1 fire_NN1 
on_II the_AT platform_NN1 and_CC the_AT asphalt_NN1 caught_VVD alight_JJ ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL After_II that_DD1 we_PPIS2 all_DB had_VHN to_TO work_VVI on_II 
race_NN1 day_NNT1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL As_CC31 well_CC32 as_CC33 the_AT Otaki_NP1 Races_NN2 we_PPIS2 had_VHD 
owners_NN2 and_CC horses_NN2 off_RP to_TO race_VVI meetings_NN2 all_RR over_II 
the_AT country_NN1 ,_, but_CCB it_PPH1 was_VBDZ never_RR as_RG hectic_JJ 
as_CSA when_RRQ the_AT race_NN1 meetings_NN2 were_VBDR held_VVN here_RL ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Americans_NN2 arrived_VVN about_II the_AT middle_NN1 
of_IO 1942_MC ,_, and_CC we_PPIS2 soon_RR got_VVN used_JJ to_II dollars_NNU2 
and_CC cents_NNU2 and_CC the_AT American_JJ accent_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Dozens_NNO2 came_VVD every_AT1 night_NNT1 and_CC must_VM 
have_VHI found_VVN friends_NN2 around_II the_AT town_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT 
Patriotic_JJ Society_NNJ put_VVD on_II a_AT1 dance_NN1 in_II the_AT 
Railway_NN1 Hall_NNL1 every_AT1 Friday_NPD1 night_NNT1 (_( now_RT a_AT1 
second_MD hand_NN1 mart_NN1 )_) ._. 

^ ^_NULL If_CS I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ on_II night_NNT1 shift_NN1 that_DD1 week_NNT1 
(_( I_PPIS1 finished_VVD every_AT1 second_MD week_NNT1 at_II 9.00_MC {_NULL 
p.m_RA ._. 

^ }_NULL )_) I_PPIS1 used_VMK to_TO take_VVI the_AT office_NN1 ruler_NN1 
home_RL with_IW me_PPIO1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 round_JJ ebony_NN1 stick_NN1 ,_, about_RG 
two_MC feet_NN2 long_JJ ,_, but_CCB I_PPIS1 must_VM admit_VVI I_MC1 was_VBDZ 
only_RR accosted_VVN once_RR by_II a_AT1 drunken_JJ Yankee_NN1 soldier_NN1 ,_, 
and_CC the_AT Traffic_NN1 Officer_NP1 saw_VVD me_PPIO1 safely_RR home_RL ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL We_PPIS2 never_RR really_RR had_VHD a_AT1 dull_JJ moment_NN1 
in_II the_AT three_MC and_CC a_AT1 half_DB years_NNT2 I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ 
there_RL ._. 

^ ^_NULL All_DB the_AT news_NN1 and_CC latest_JJT scandal_NN1 came_VVD to_II 
the_AT Station_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Everyone_PN1 had_VHD to_TO travel_VVI by_II train_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL \_NULL Mr_NNB Lowry_NP1 {_NULL M.P_NP ._. 

^ }_NULL to_II Parliament_NNJ ,_, General_JJ Young_JJ to_II the_AT War_NN1 
office_NN1 ,_, and_CC \_NULL Mr_NNB Atmore_NP1 (_( the_AT Mayor_NN1 )_) to_II 
his_APPGE Law_NN1 Office_NN1 in_II Levin_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL All_DB produce_VV0 for_IF markets_NN2 (_( except_CS Wellington_NP1 
which_DDQ went_VVD by_II Edwards_NP1 Transport_NN1 or_CC Cooksleys_NP1 )_) 
went_VVD by_II rail_NN1 ,_, as_CSA did_VDD all_DB the_AT casein_NN1 and_CC 
butter_NN1 from_II the_AT Rahui_NP1 milk_NN1 factory_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL And_CC all_DB the_AT fertilizer_NN1 ,_, lime_NN1 ,_, coal_NN1 and_CC 
timber_NN \_NULL etc._RA came_VVD by_II rail_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ in_II31 charge_II32 of_II33 the_AT ticket_NN1 
office_NN1 ,_, helped_VVN with_IW the_AT wages_NN2 and_CC banking_NN1 ,_, 
and_CC took_VVD all_DB the_AT reserved_JJ seat_NN1 bookings_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Sometimes_RT folk_NN2 had_VHD to_TO wait_VVI several_DA2 days_NNT2 
to_TO even_RR get_VVI on_II a_AT1 long_JJ distance_NN1 train_NN1 ,_, and_CC 
for_IF a_ZZ1 while_CS it_PPH1 was_VBDZ necessary_JJ to_TO have_VHI a_AT1 
permit_NN1 to_TO travel_VVI ,_, as_CSA the_AT armed_JJ services_NN2 always_RR 
had_VHD first_MD priority_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL If_CS the_AT cash_NN1 was_VBDZ short_RR I_PPIS1 had_VHD to_TO 
make_VVI up_RP any_DD shortage_NN1 ,_, but_CCB if_CS it_PPH1 was_VBDZ over_RP 
,_, the_AT Government_NNJ took_VVD it_PPH1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL So_RR I_PPIS1 became_VVD very_RG careful_JJ to_TO see_VVI any_DD 
cash_NN1 and_CC additions_NN2 were_VBDR extremely_RR accurate_JJ *-_- no_AT 
calculators_NN2 in_II those_DD2 days_NNT2 (_( good_JJ old_JJ brain_NN1 
power_NN1 )_) ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL When_CS we_PPIS2 had_VHD the_AT big_JJ earthquakes_NN2 in_II 
June_NPM1 1942_MC ,_, all_DB services_NN2 had_VHD to_TO be_VBI halted_VVN 
until_II the_AT tracks_NN2 were_VBDR examined_VVN to_TO make_VVI sure_JJ 
there_EX were_VBDR no_AT rails_NN2 buckled_VVN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL We_PPIS2 had_VHD the_AT local_JJ post_NN1 office_NN1 on_II 
the_AT Railway_NN1 Station_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL At_RR21 first_RR22 the_AT Postmistress_NN1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 Miss_NNB 
MacIntosh_NP1 ,_, but_CCB after_CS she_PPHS1 left_VVD we_PPIS2 had_VHD 
Alice_NP1 Freeman_NP1 (_( later_RRR Kirker_NP1 )_) and_CC we_PPIS2 became_VVD 
firm_JJ friends_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 think_VV0 I_MC1 was_VBDZ the_AT first_MD female_NN1 ever_RR 
to_TO work_VVI in_II the_AT Railway_NN1 at_II Otaki_NP1 ,_, but_CCB later_RRR 
in_II 1942_MC Pearl_NP1 Wylie_NP1 (_( now_RT McGuigan_NP1 )_) came_VVD to_TO 
work_VVI with_IW us_PPIO2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 mostly_RR helped_VVD with_IW the_AT porters_NN2 looking_VVG 
after_II the_AT luggage_NN1 \_NULL etc_RA ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II those_DD2 days_NNT2 trains_NN2 were_VBDR run_VVN on_II 
the_AT tablet_NN1 system_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ had_VHD a_AT1 machine_NN1 into_II 
which_DDQ we_PPIS2 had_VHD to_TO insert_VVI the_AT round_JJ tablet_NN1 
disc_NN1 ,_, then_RT press_VV0 a_DD221 few_DD222 bells_NN2 so_CS the_AT 
next_MD station_NN1 could_VM get_VVI their_APPGE tablet_NN1 out_RP ._. 

^ ^_NULL There_EX could_VM only_RR be_VBI one_MC1 train_NN1 on_II the_AT 
line_NN1 ,_, say_VV0 between_II Otaki_NP1 and_CC Manakau_NP1 ,_, or_CC 
Otaki_NP1 and_CC Te_AT Horo_NN1 ,_, and_CC to_TO ensure_VVI this_DD1 ,_, no_AT 
engine_NN1 could_VM leave_VVI Otaki_NP1 without_IW a_AT1 tablet_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 hung_VVD them_PPHO2 on_II a_AT1 trivet_NN1 on_II a_AT1 
post_NN1 in_II a_AT1 sort_NN1 of_IO leather_NN1 purse_NN1 ,_, and_CC as_II 
the_AT engine_NN1 drove_VVD past_RL ,_, a_AT1 similar_JJ trivet_NN1 on_II 
the_AT engine_NN1 picked_VVD up_RP our_APPGE tablet_NN1 and_CC left_VVD 
one_PN1 in_II its_APPGE place_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ it_PPH1 had_VHD picked_VVN 
up_RP from_II the_AT previous_JJ station_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ allowed_VVN to_TO work_VVI the_AT tablet_NN1 
machine_NN1 ,_, but_CCB was_VBDZ not_XX allowed_VVN to_TO shift_VVI the_AT 
signals_NN2 ,_, and_CC one_MC1 night_NNT1 when_RRQ the_AT shift_NN1 clerk_NN1 
had_VHD gone_VVN home_RL for_IF tea_NN1 and_CC the_AT porter_NN1 had_VHD 
not_XX arrived_VVN back_RP from_II his_APPGE tea_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 had_VHD 
a_AT1 relief_NN1 express_NN1 coming_VVG over_II the_AT bridge_NN1 and_CC 
of_RR21 course_RR22 it_PPH1 could_VM not_XX come_VVI through_RP until_CS 
the_AT signal_NN1 was_VBDZ changed_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT new_JJ cadet_NN1 said_VVD he_PPHS1 would_VM work_VVI the_AT 
signal_NN1 and_CC I_PPIS1 could_VM flag_VVI it_PPH1 through_RP with_IW the_AT 
green_JJ flag_NN1 ,_, as_CSA it_PPH1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 non_FW stop_NN1 train_NN1 
,_, but_CCB I_PPIS1 knew_VVD it_PPH1 was_VBDZ against_II the_AT 
regulations_NN2 so_RR rang_VVD the_AT Railway_NN1 Hotel_NNL1 where_RRQ I_PPIS1 
thought_VVD the_AT stationmaster_NN1 would_VM be_VBI ,_, and_CC he_PPHS1 
dashed_VVD over_RP and_CC saved_VVD the_AT situation_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL If_CS the_AT train_NN1 had_VHD been_VBN held_VVN up_RP a_DD221 
few_DD222 heads_NN2 would_VM have_VHI rolled_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL Incidentally_RR ,_, the_AT stationmaster_NN1 was_VBDZ off_II duty_NN1 
at_II the_AT time_NNT1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL We_PPIS2 also_RR had_VHD a_AT1 bookstall_NN1 on_II the_AT 
station_NN1 run_VVN by_II Una_NP1 Wylie_NP1 (_( Horn_NN1 )_) so_CS we_PPIS2 
had_VHD three_MC of_IO the_AT Wylie_NP1 family_NN over_RL21 there_RL22 and_CC 
two_MC Fox_NP1 's_GE ,_, as_CSA young_JJ Ted_NP1 Fox_NP1 's_GE father_NN1 *"_" 
Old_JJ Ted_NP1 **"_" was_VBDZ in_II31 charge_II32 of_II33 the_AT 
maintenance_NN1 gang_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Tom_NP1 Lowe_NP1 was_VBDZ his_APPGE second_MD in_II command_NN1 ,_, 
and_CC Jim_NP1 Owens_NP1 was_VBDZ in_II31 charge_II32 of_II33 the_AT 
signals_NN2 ,_, and_CC his_APPGE signalman_NN1 did_VDD any_DD maintenance_NN1 
on_II all_DB the_AT signals_NN2 on_II this_DD1 line_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL \_NULL Mr_NNB Fox_NP1 lived_VVD in_II a_AT1 house_NN1 on_II the_AT 
Wellington_NP1 side_NN1 of_IO the_AT station_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT 
stationmaster_NN1 and_CC Tom_NP1 Lowe_NP1 lived_VVD on_II the_AT north_ND1 
side_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT ganger_NN1 's_GE and_CC stationmaster_NN1 's_VHZ houses_NN2 
have_VH0 since_RR disappeared_VVN ,_, but_CCB \_NULL Mrs_NNB Elsie_NP1 
Lowe_NP1 still_RR lives_VVZ in_II her_APPGE cottage_NN1 and_CC has_VHZ a_AT1 
beautiful_JJ flower_NN1 garden_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL \_NULL Mrs_NNB Lowe_NP1 told_VVD me_PPIO1 her_APPGE house_NN1 
was_VBDZ built_VVN for_IF the_AT first_MD stationmaster_NN1 ,_, when_CS the_AT 
Manawatu_NP1 line_NN1 was_VBDZ first_MD put_VVD through_RP ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL My_APPGE first_MD experience_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 lost_JJ 
tablet_NN1 was_VBDZ with_IW a_AT1 train_NN1 loaded_VVD with_IW Australian_JJ 
soldiers_NN2 going_VVG home_RL from_II the_AT Middle_NP East_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Quite_RR a_AT1 lot_NN of_IO sick_JJ and_CC wounded_VVD were_VBDR 
with_IW them_PPHO2 ,_, and_CC they_PPHS2 were_VBDR on_II their_APPGE way_NN1 
to_II Wellington_NP1 to_TO go_VVI with_IW a_AT1 convoy_NN1 of_IO ships_NN2 
to_II Sydney_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT tablet_NN1 flew_VVD over_II the_AT roof_NN1 of_IO the_AT 
engine_NN1 into_II waste_NN1 ground_NN1 where_RRQ the_AT turntable_NN1 
was_VBDZ situated_VVN ,_, and_CC we_PPIS2 all_DB searched_VVD ,_, Aussies_NN2 
and_CC staff_NN ,_, but_CCB it_PPH1 could_VM not_XX be_VBI found_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL So_RR Reg_NP1 Wylie_NP1 had_VHD to_TO travel_VVI on_II the_AT 
engine_NN1 as_II a_AT1 human_JJ tablet_NN1 ,_, until_CS we_PPIS2 could_VM 
get_VVI a_AT1 replacement_NN1 ._. 

^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 171+TEXT+F28_FO **]_NULL 

^ ^_NULL *0_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ the_AT beginning_NN1 of_IO Rotorua_NP1 's_GE 
Government_NNJ Gardens_NN2 nursery_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Although_CS a_AT1 wing_NN1 and_CC a_ZZ1 nurses_NN2 '_GE 
home_NN1 had_VHD been_VBN added_VVN to_II the_AT Sanatorium_NN1 in_II 1908_MC 
and_CC 1912_MC respectively_RR ,_, \_NULL Dr_NNB Wohlmann_NP1 had_VHD 
considered_VVN that_CST the_AT social_JJ side_NN1 of_IO the_AT institution_NN1 
had_VHD remained_VVN at_II a_AT1 standstill_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT sitting_JJ rooms_NN2 ,_, particularly_RR on_II the_AT men_NN2 
's_GE side_NN1 ,_, were_VBDR ,_, he_PPHS1 said_VVD ,_, *"_" depressingly_RR 
poorly_RR furnished_VVD and_CC dingy_JJ **"_" ._. 

^ ^_NULL \_NULL Dr_NNB Duncan_NP1 ,_, the_AT second_MD Balneologist_NN1 ,_, 
added_VVD that_CST ,_, while_CS the_AT staff_NN did_VDD magnificent_JJ 
work_NN1 ,_, the_AT building_NN1 was_VBDZ unsuitable_JJ ,_, *"_" especially_RR 
..._... for_IF the_AT better_JJR class_NN1 of_IO patient_NN1 ,_, who_PNQS 
naturally_RR objects_VVZ to_II the_AT lack_NN1 of_IO privacy_NN1 in_II open_JJ 
wards_NN2 and_CC cubicles_NN2 **"_" ._. 

^ ^_NULL Duncan_NP1 condemned_VVD the_AT piecemeal_JJ construction_NN1 of_IO 
the_AT place_NN1 :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT 
patients_NN2 found_VVD the_AT distance_NN1 between_II the_AT Sanatorium_NN1 
and_CC the_AT Bathhouse_NN1 a_AT1 greater_JJR drawback_NN1 than_CSN the_AT 
draughty_JJ verandahs_NN2 on_II which_DDQ they_PPHS2 had_VHD to_TO sleep_VVI 
when_RRQ wards_NN2 were_VBDR full_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II 1938_MC a_ZZ1 patient_NN1 commented_VVD sadly_RR on_II the_AT 
journey_NN1 to_II and_CC from_II the_AT Bathhouse_NN1 :_: 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT new_JJ building_NN1 was_VBDZ to_TO have_VHI 100_MC 
beds_NN2 ,_, arranged_VVN in_II wards_NN2 of_IO 1_MC1 ,_, 4_MC and_CC 8_MC ,_, 
which_DDQ were_VBDR not_XX to_TO be_VBI specially_RR separated_VVN into_II 
male_NN1 and_CC female_JJ sections_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 communal_JJ room_NN1 for_IF 
lectures_NN2 and_CC music_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT concept_NN1 was_VBDZ similar_JJ in_II some_DD ways_NN2 to_II 
\_NULL Dr_NNB Wohlmann_NP1 's_GE hydro_NN1 ,_, but_CCB it_PPH1 is_VBZ 
doubtful_JJ whether_CSW the_AT Labour_JJ Government_NNJ ,_, in_II planning_VVG 
the_AT new_JJ Sanatorium_NN1 ,_, was_VBDZ very_RG concerned_JJ about_II 
wealthy_JJ foreign_JJ invalids_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II 1939_MC *+_NULL 20,000_MC was_VBDZ spent_VVN on_II 
constructing_VVG a_AT1 large_JJ raft_NN1 foundation_NN1 near_II the_AT 
Rotorua_NP1 Bathhouse_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 type_NN1 of_IO foundation_NN1 spread_NN1 weight_NN1 
evenly_RR over_II ground_NN1 that_CST could_VM not_XX be_VBI excavated_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT war_NN1 meant_VVD work_NN1 on_II the_AT building_NN1 had_VHD 
to_TO stop_VVI and_CC only_RR the_AT foundations_NN2 remain_VV0 as_II a_AT1 
mystery_NN1 object_NN1 for_IF tourists_NN2 ,_, who_PNQS wonder_VV0 at_II 
the_AT purpose_NN1 of_IO such_DA a_AT1 massive_JJ construction_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL \_NULL Dr_NNB Duncan_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS had_VHD been_VBN 
transferred_VVN to_II the_AT Health_NN1 Department_NNJ ,_, died_VVD in_II 
1942_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL His_APPGE successor_NN1 ,_, \_NULL Dr_NNB {_NULL A._NP1 J._NP1 M._NN1 
}_NULL Blair_NP1 ,_, had_VHD a_AT1 different_JJ attitude_NN1 towards_II 
balneology_NN1 from_II that_DD1 of_IO his_APPGE predecessors_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL \_NULL Dr_NNB Duncan_NP1 had_VHD been_VBN the_AT last_MD advocate_NN1 
of_IO the_AT spa_NN1 principle_NN1 ,_, as_II21 against_II22 present_JJ 
day_NNT1 hydrotherapy_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ used_VVN as_II an_AT1 
adjunct_NN1 to_II physiotherapy_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Although_CS he_PPHS1 had_VHD pressed_VVN for_IF the_AT latest_JJT 
equipment_NN1 and_CC knowledge_NN1 ,_, he_PPHS1 had_VHD laid_VVN 
considerably_RR more_DAR importance_NN1 on_II results_NN2 obtained_VVN by_II 
water_NN1 and_CC mud_NN1 alone_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL *"_" In_II some_DD of_IO the_AT cases_NN2 undergoing_VVG mud-bath_JJ 
treatment_NN1 ,_, **"_" he_PPHS1 claimed_VVD ,_, *"_" the_AT effect_NN1 
has_VHZ been_VBN almost_RR miraculous_JJ ..._... cases_NN2 which_DDQ have_VH0 
resisted_VVN all_DB forms_NN2 of_IO drug_NN1 treatment_NN1 have_VH0 
cleared_VVN up_RP in_II an_AT1 almost_RR magical_JJ manner_NN1 **"_" ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT transfer_NN1 to_II the_AT Health_NN1 Department_NNJ 
took_VVD place_NN1 in_II 1947_MC and_CC the_AT Sanatorium_NN1 was_VBDZ 
promptly_RR closed_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT building_NN1 survived_VVN for_IF another_DD1 25_MC years_NNT2 
as_II a_AT1 home_NN1 for_IF elderly_JJ men_NN2 ,_, but_CCB now_RT the_AT 
former_DA nurses_NN2 '_GE home_NN1 is_VBZ all_DB that_DD1 remains_VVZ of_IO 
one_MC1 of_IO the_AT only_RR 2_MC spa_NN1 sanatoria_NN1 ever_RR built_VVN 
in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL \_NULL Dr_NNB Blair_NP1 ,_, the_AT third_MD Balneologist_NN1 
,_, saw_VVD spa_NN1 treatment_NN1 as_CSA being_VBG complementary_JJ to_II 
clinical_JJ work_NN1 done_VDN in_II hospitals_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL By_II the_AT end_NN1 of_IO the_AT 1940s_MC2 a_ZZ1 new_JJ attitude_NN1 
to_II the_AT **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL medical_JJ use_NN1 of_IO geothermal_JJ 
waters_NN2 was_VBDZ evident_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Rotorua_NP1 's_GE Queen_NNB Elizabeth_NP1 Hospital_NN1 was_VBDZ 
developed_VVN from_II the_AT Second_MD World_NN1 War_NN1 Services_NN2 
Convalescent_JJ Hospital_NNL1 and_CC ever_RR since_CS has_VHZ been_VBN the_AT 
national_JJ hospital_NN1 for_IF the_AT treatment_NN1 of_IO rheumatic_JJ 
diseases_NN2 and_CC other_JJ dysfunctions_NN2 of_IO the_AT locomotor_NN1 
system_NN1 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 cerebral_JJ palsy_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Appropriately_NP1 ,_, its_APPGE first_MD Medical_JJ 
Superintendent_NN1 was_VBDZ \_NULL Dr_NNB Wallis_NP1 ,_, formerly_RR of_IO 
the_AT Pukeroa_NP1 Hospital_NNL1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II 1949_MC the_AT Health_NN1 Department_NNJ 's_GE annual_JJ 
report_NN1 contained_VVD the_AT single_JJ most_RGT important_JJ statement_NN1 
in_II 150_MC years_NNT2 of_IO written_JJ comment_NN1 on_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 
's_GE medicinal_JJ hot_JJ springs_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT author_NN1 was_VBDZ the_AT Director_NN1 of_IO Rotorua_NP1 
's_GE new_JJ Division_NNJ of_IO Physical_JJ Medicine_NN1 ,_, \_NULL Dr_NNB 
{_NULL G._NP1 A._NP1 Q._NP1 }_NULL Lennane_NP1 :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL 
|_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL 
This_DD1 new_JJ attitude_NN1 affected_VVN not_XX only_RR Rotorua_NP1 ,_, 
but_CCB every_AT1 area_NN1 of_IO hot_JJ springs_NN2 used_VVN for_IF 
bathing_VVG in_II the_AT country_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL As_II a_AT1 result_NN1 ,_, apart_II21 from_II22 the_AT work_NN1 
that_CST is_VBZ carried_VVN out_RP in_II the_AT Queen_NNB Elizabeth_NP1 
Hospital_NN1 in_II Rotorua_NP1 ,_, New_NP Zealand_NP1 's_GE geothermal_JJ 
waters_NN2 are_VBR now_RT used_VVN almost_RR exclusively_RR for_IF 
recreational_JJ rather_II21 than_II22 medicinal_JJ purposes_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Where_CS Waiwera_NP1 was_VBDZ once_RT a_ZZ1 place_VV0 to_TO 
recuperate_VVI ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ now_RT a_AT1 place_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 swim_NN1 
,_, a_AT1 party_NN or_CC a_AT1 barbecue_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Where_CS Parakai_NP1 once_RR had_VHN a_AT1 massage_NN1 department_NNJ 
,_, it_PPH1 now_RT has_VHZ water_NN1 chutes_NN2 and_CC large_JJ swimming_NN1 
pools_NN2 ._. 

^ *<_NULL *5_NULL 8_MC The_AT End_NN1 of_IO the_AT Dream_NN1 *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL By_II the_AT late_JJ 1940s_MC2 things_NN2 at_II the_AT 
Bathhouse_NN1 were_VBDR in_II a_AT1 desperate_JJ state_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL A_AT1 *1_NULL Rotorua_NP1 Post_NP1 *0_NULL article_NN1 written_VVN 
in_II September_NPM1 1948_MC claimed_VVD that_CST the_AT holes_NN2 in_II 
the_AT roof_NN1 of_IO the_AT Bathhouse_NN1 were_VBDR so_RG bad_JJ that_CST 
the_AT guttering_NN1 had_VHD to_TO be_VBI on_II the_AT inside_JJ to_TO 
catch_VVI the_AT downpour_NN1 when_CS it_PPH1 rained_VVD ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT same_DA year_NNT1 it_PPH1 was_VBDZ suggested_VVN 
that_CST the_AT Bathhouse_NN1 be_VBI turned_VVN into_II a_AT1 museum_NNL1 
of_IO the_AT Arawa_NP1 people_NN ,_, a_AT1 plan_NN1 that_CST to_II some_DD 
extent_NN1 eventuated_VVD in_II 1986_MC when_RRQ an_AT1 Arawa_NP1 Hall_NNL1 
was_VBDZ created_VVN in_II the_AT south_ND1 transept_NN1 of_IO the_AT 
building_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT problems_NN2 worsened_VVD ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II December_NPM1 1954_MC the_AT *1_NULL Post_NN1 *0_NULL 
described_VVD the_AT working_JJ conditions_NN2 and_CC appearance_NN1 of_IO 
the_AT place_NN1 :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ._. 

^ ^_NULL As_II an_AT1 American_JJ visitor_NN1 said_VVD in_II 1960_MC ,_, 
it_PPH1 was_VBDZ *"_" enough_RR to_TO make_VVI sick_JJ people_NN ill_JJ **"_" 
._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II one_MC1 of_IO the_AT many_DA2 meetings_NN2 held_VVD 
to_TO discuss_VVI the_AT fate_NN1 of_IO the_AT Bathhouse_NN1 ,_, \_NULL Mr_NNB 
Dan_NP1 Kingi_NP1 ,_, representing_VVG the_AT Ngati_NP1 Whakaue_NP1 people_NN 
of_IO Ohinemutu_NP1 ,_, urged_VVD the_AT Government_NNJ to_TO retain_VVI 
the_AT Bathhouse_NN1 for_IF its_APPGE original_JJ function_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 believed_VVD this_DD1 would_VM keep_VVI faith_NN1 with_IW 
the_AT elders_NN2 who_PNQS had_VHD made_VVN a_AT1 gift_NN1 of_IO the_AT 
area_NN1 ,_, now_RT occupied_VVN by_II the_AT Government_NNJ Gardens_NN2 ,_, 
for_IF health_NN1 and_CC recreation_NN1 purposes_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II 1963_MC the_AT Rotorua_NP City_NNL1 Council_NNJ took_VVD 
over_II control_NN1 of_IO the_AT Bathhouse_NN1 ,_, with_IW *+_NULL 60,000_MC 
of_IO Government_NNJ money_NN1 to_TO convert_VVI the_AT building_NN1 for_IF 
other_JJ communal_JJ purposes_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ still_RR used_VVN for_IF some_DD bath_NN1 
treatments_NN2 until_II 1966_MC ,_, when_CS a_AT1 hydrotherapy_NN1 wing_NN1 
was_VBDZ opened_VVN at_II the_AT Queen_NNB Elizabeth_NP1 Hospital_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Many_DA2 people_NN still_RR remember_VV0 treatments_NN2 in_II 
the_AT Bathhouse_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT popular_JJ physiotherapist_NN1 ,_, Arthur_NP1 White_NP1 ,_, 
who_PNQS worked_VVD in_II the_AT building_NN1 for_IF 42_MC years_NNT2 ,_, 
gave_VVD between_II 3_MC 000_MC and_CC 4_MC 000_MC treatments_NN2 a_AT1 
year_NNT1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Some_DD of_IO his_APPGE patients_NN2 were_VBDR very_RG well_RR 
known_VVN ;_; Sir_NNB Bernard_NP1 Freyberg_NP1 and_CC Sir_NNB Robert_NP1 
Stout_NN1 (_( twice_RR Premier_JJ of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 )_) were_VBDR 
among_II them_PPHO2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL During_II the_AT 1940s_MC2 the_AT Bathhouse_NN1 gave_VVD an_AT1 
average_NN1 of_IO 30,000_MC baths_NN2 and_CC 25,000_MC massages_NN2 and_CC 
the_AT building_NN1 is_VBZ still_RR visited_VVN by_II people_NN who_PNQS 
were_VBDR patients_NN2 there_RL from_II the_AT 1920s_MC2 through_II to_II 
its_APPGE last_MD year_NNT1 of_IO treatment_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL \_NULL Mrs_NNB Alice_NP1 Robinson_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS was_VBDZ 
a_AT1 bath_NN1 attendant_NN1 during_II the_AT Second_MD World_NN1 War_NN1 ,_, 
described_VVD the_AT atmosphere_NN1 in_II the_AT building_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT bath_NN1 attendants_NN2 signed_VVD on_RP at_II 8_MC {_NULL 
a.m_RA ._. 

^ }_NULL and_CC did_VDD not_XX finish_VVI until_II 6_MC {_NULL p.m_RA ._. 

^ }_NULL They_PPHS2 had_VHD a_AT1 2-hour_JJ lunch_NN1 break_NN1 ._. 

^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL \_NULL 
Mrs_NNB Robinson_NP1 has_VHZ many_DA2 other_JJ amusing_JJ memories_NN2 of_IO 
the_AT old_JJ Bathhouse_NN1 ,_, among_II them_PPHO2 the_AT vibratory_JJ 
chair_NN1 used_VVN in_II treating_VVG overweight_JJ patients_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT person_NN1 was_VBDZ strapped_VVN in_RP at_II the_AT waist_NN1 
,_, wrists_NN2 and_CC ankles_NN2 and_CC ,_, when_CS the_AT motor_NN1 was_VBDZ 
switched_VVN on_RP ,_, was_VBDZ subjected_VVN to_II rapid_JJ ,_, violent_JJ 
movements_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL \_NULL Mrs_NNB Robinson_NP1 particularly_RR recalls_VVZ the_AT 
treatment_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 large_JJ woman_NN1 with_IW pendulous_JJ breasts_NN2 
;_; when_CS the_AT motor_NN1 began_VVD ,_, the_AT woman_NN1 's_VHZ breasts_NN2 
flipped_VVN over_RP her_APPGE shoulders_NN2 ,_, one_PN1 after_II the_AT 
other_JJ ,_, faster_RRR and_CC faster_RRR ,_, with_IW slapping_VVG sounds_NN2 
._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ very_RG difficult_JJ for_IF the_AT attending_JJ 
staff_NN to_TO keep_VVI straight_JJ faces_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Of_IO the_AT other_JJ buildings_NN2 in_II the_AT 
Government_NNJ Gardens_NN2 ,_, the_AT original_JJ Blue_JJ Bath_NP1 had_VHD 
been_VBN demolished_VVN at_II the_AT end_NN1 of_IO 1932_MC ,_, while_CS the_AT 
second_MD Blue_JJ Bath_NP1 was_VBDZ last_MD used_JJ for_IF swimming_NN1 in_II 
May_NPM1 1982_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT Postmaster_NN1 Bath_NP1 ,_, south_ND1 of_IO the_AT 
Government_NNJ Gardens_NN2 ,_, in_II the_AT Sanatorium_NN1 Reserve_NN1 ,_, 
was_VBDZ closed_VVN in_II 1950_MC and_CC ,_, after_CS several_DA2 deaths_NN2 
,_, the_AT spring_NN1 was_VBDZ bulldozed_VVN in_RP ,_, during_II 1952_MC ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL All_DB that_DD1 remains_VVZ of_IO the_AT various_JJ bathing_JJ 
facilities_NN2 is_VBZ the_AT building_NN1 that_CST opened_VVD as_II the_AT 
Ward_NP1 Baths_NP1 in_II 1931_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL A_AT1 *+_NULL 23,000_MC Aix_NP1 massage_NN1 wing_NN1 was_VBDZ 
added_VVN in_II 1965_MC ,_, intended_VVN as_II the_AT first_MD stage_NN1 of_IO 
a_ZZ1 *+_NULL 140,000_MC plan_VV0 to_TO create_VVI a_AT1 modern_JJ 
international_JJ spa_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT cost_NN1 over_II the_AT next_MD 4_MC years_NNT2 changed_VVD 
the_AT Government_NNJ 's_GE attitude_NN1 ,_, and_CC in_II 1971_MC ,_, 
against_II some_DD protests_NN2 ,_, the_AT baths_NN2 were_VBDR let_VVN to_II 
\_NULL Mr_NNB Neville_NP1 Lobb_NP1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL After_CS considerable_JJ alterations_NN2 ,_, the_AT 
building_NN1 reopened_VVD as_RG Polynesian_JJ Pools_NN2 in_II 1972_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ enlarged_VVN and_CC altered_VVN again_RT in_II 
1985_MC ,_, and_CC the_AT complex_JJ now_RT offers_VVZ 2_MC large_JJ pools_NN2 
,_, 26_MC private_JJ pools_NN2 ,_, Priest_NN1 and_CC Radium_NP1 Baths_NP1 
and_CC Aix_NP1 massage_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Although_CS some_DD people_NN bathe_VV0 in_II the_AT Priest_NN1 
Baths_NP1 to_TO treat_VVI rheumatic_JJ conditions_NN2 ,_, the_AT pools_NN2 
are_VBR mostly_RR used_VVN for_IF recreation_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL A_AT1 group_NN of_IO former_DA European_JJ refugees_NN2 living_VVG 
in_II Australia_NP1 still_RR ,_, however_RR ,_, visit_NN1 the_AT Priest_NN1 
Baths_NP1 every_AT1 year_NNT1 for_IF *"_" the_AT cure_NN1 **"_" ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Attitudes_NP1 and_CC situations_NN2 may_VM simply_RR have_VHI 
changed_VVN with_IW time_NNT1 ,_, but_CCB if_CS Sir_NNB Joseph_NP1 Ward_NP1 
and_CC Thomas_NP1 \_NULL E._NP1 Donne_NP1 could_VM visit_VVI Rotorua_NP1 
today_RT what_DDQ they_PPHS2 saw_VVD would_VM not_XX seem_VVI the_AT 
fulfilment_NN1 of_IO the_AT dream_NN1 they_PPHS2 had_VHD of_IO Rotorua_NP1 
as_II the_AT great_JJ spa_NN1 of_IO the_AT South_NP Seas_NP1 ._. 

^ *<_NULL *5_NULL 9_MC Te_AT Aroha_NP1 *-_- The_AT North_NP Island_NP1 
Rival_NN1 *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Waiwera_NP1 was_VBDZ the_AT first_MD spa_NN1 in_II 
New_NP Zealand_NP1 ,_, Rotorua_NP1 was_VBDZ ,_, for_IF several_DA2 reasons_NN2 
,_, considerably_RR the_AT most_RGT important_JJ ,_, but_CCB Te_AT Aroha_NP1 
was_VBDZ the_AT first_MD geothermal_JJ water_NN1 area_NN1 to_TO receive_VVI 
many_DA2 thousands_NNO2 of_IO bathers_NN2 annually_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ ,_, for_IF several_DA2 years_NNT2 ,_, ahead_II21 
of_II22 Rotorua_NP1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL As_CSA with_IW Hanmer_NP1 ,_, Te_AT Aroha_NP1 's_GE 
setting_NN1 was_VBDZ almost_RR as_RG important_JJ as_CSA its_APPGE water_NN1 
resources_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT springs_NN2 emerged_VVD from_II the_AT side_NN1 of_IO 
Mount_NN1 Te_AT Aroha_NP1 ,_, the_AT highest_RRT peak_VV0 in_II the_AT 
district_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT Waihou_NP River_NNL1 flowed_VVD at_II the_AT foot_NN1 of_IO 
the_AT mountain_NN1 and_CC the_AT sheltered_JJ slope_NN1 in_RL21 between_RL22 
was_VBDZ ideal_JJ for_IF growing_JJ trees_NN2 and_CC for_IF laying_VVG out_RP 
a_AT1 town_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ native_JJ forest_NN1 nearby_RL and_CC the_AT 
scarp_NN1 face_NN1 of_IO the_AT Kaimai_JJ Range_NN1 contrasted_VVD 
remarkably_RR with_IW the_AT flatness_NN1 of_IO the_AT Thames_NP1 or_CC 
Piako_NP Valley_NNL1 lowlands_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Unlike_II Hanmer_NP1 ,_, Te_AT Aroha_NP1 has_VHZ retained_VVN 
its_APPGE spa_NN1 appearance_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Of_IO all_DB New_NP Zealand_NP1 's_GE geothermal_JJ areas_NN2 ,_, 
the_AT Domain_NN1 at_II Te_AT Aroha_NP1 looks_VVZ most_RRT as_II it_PPH1 
did_VDD in_II Edwardian_JJ times_NNT2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Some_DD of_IO the_AT old_JJ bathhouse_NN1 buildings_NN2 remain_VV0 
and_CC the_AT formal_JJ gardens_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN only_RR slightly_RR 
altered_VVN ;_; they_PPHS2 are_VBR not_XX dotted_VVN with_IW barbecue_NN1 
grills_NN2 ,_, and_CC hydroslides_NN2 do_VD0 n't_XX loop_VVI their_APPGE 
way_NN1 downhill_RL ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Before_CS Te_AT Aroha_NP1 was_VBDZ developed_VVN ,_, the_AT 
local_JJ Marutuahu_NP1 people_NN valued_VVD the_AT springs_NN2 highly_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL As_II the_AT hot_JJ water_NN1 was_VBDZ salty_JJ ,_, they_PPHS2 
believed_VVD it_PPH1 came_VVD from_II the_AT sea_NN1 ,_, through_II a_AT1 
tunnel_NN1 in_II the_AT mountain_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL When_CS he_PPHS1 visited_VVD the_AT area_NN1 ,_, Sir_NNB George_NP1 
Grey_NP1 was_VBDZ led_VVN to_II the_AT springs_NN2 in_II 1849_MC ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT original_JJ bath_NN1 was_VBDZ made_VVN in_II the_AT 
early_JJ 1880s_MC2 after_II gold_NN1 was_VBDZ discovered_VVN in_II the_AT 
adjacent_JJ Waiorongomai_NP Valley_NNL1 in_II 1881_MC and_CC after_II the_AT 
Hot_JJ Springs_NN2 Hotel_NNL1 was_VBDZ built_VVN in_II 1882_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL (_( This_DD1 first_MD bath_NN1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 zinc-lined_JJ 
packing_NN1 case_NN1 sunk_VVN into_II the_AT depression_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 
spring_NN1 ._. )_) 

^ ^_NULL Gold_NP1 was_VBDZ responsible_JJ for_IF the_AT immediate_JJ 
introduction_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 coach_NN1 service_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ in_II 
turn_NN1 helped_VVN develop_VVI a_AT1 settlement_NN1 that_CST became_VVD a_AT1 
town_NN1 district_NN1 in_II 1887_MC and_CC a_AT1 borough_NN1 in_II 1898_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT arrival_NN1 of_IO the_AT railway_NN1 had_VHD a_PN31 great_PN32 
deal_PN33 to_II do_VD0 with_IW this_DD1 expansion_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL For_IF the_AT first_MD time_NNT1 in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 it_PPH1 
was_VBDZ easy_JJ for_IF travellers_NN2 to_TO get_VVI to_II a_AT1 hot_JJ 
springs_NN2 area_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL After_II March_NPM1 1886_MC visitors_NN2 could_VM travel_VVI by_II 
train_NN1 from_II the_AT centre_NN1 of_IO Auckland_NP1 to_II within_II a_DD221 
few_DD222 hundred_NNO metres_NNU2 of_IO hot_JJ springs_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Before_CS the_AT railway_NN1 reached_VVD Te_AT Aroha_NP1 
work_NN1 had_VHD begun_VVN in_II the_AT springs_NN2 area_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL A_AT1 reserve_NN1 of_IO 8_MC \_NULL ha_UH had_VHD been_VBN 
gazetted_VVN in_II December_NPM1 1882_MC and_CC the_AT construction_NN1 of_IO 
bathhouses_NN2 began_VVD the_AT following_JJ year_NNT1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL An_AT1 1884_MC Government_NNJ vote_NN1 of_IO *+_NULL 200_MC meant_VVD 
that_CST a_ZZ1 women_NN2 's_GE bathhouse_NN1 could_VM be_VBI completed_VVN 
so_CS21 that_CS22 when_CS the_AT Te_AT Aroha_NP1 Hot_JJ Springs_NN2 Domain_NN1 
Board_NNJ was_VBDZ formed_VVN that_CST same_DA year_NNT1 there_EX were_VBDR 
3_MC bathhouses_NN2 on_II **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL the_AT reserve_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Fencing_NN1 and_CC tree_NN1 planting_NN1 began_VVD ,_, and_CC {_NULL 
J._NP1 A._NP1 }_NULL Pond_NP1 analysed_VVD the_AT water_NN1 of_IO 3_MC 
springs_NN2 in_II February_NPM1 1885_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL All_DB contained_VVD a_AT1 considerable_JJ proportion_NN1 of_IO 
sodium_NN1 bicarbonate_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL From_II 1885_MC Te_AT Aroha_NP1 was_VBDZ advertised_VVN in_II 
newspaper_NN1 articles_NN2 and_CC tourist_NN1 literature_NN1 *-_- it_PPH1 
appeared_VVD ,_, for_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, in_II the_AT Union_NNJ 
Steamship_NN1 Company_NNJ 's_GE *1_NULL Tourist_NN1 Vade_NP1 Mecum_NP1 *-_- 
*0_NULL and_CC this_DD1 quickly_RR brought_VVN an_AT1 increase_NN1 in_II 
the_AT number_NN1 of_IO visitors_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Travellers_NP1 could_VM reach_VVI Te_AT Aroha_NP1 directly_RR by_II 
rail_NN1 ,_, whereas_CS Rotorua_NP1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 64_MC \_NULL km_NNU 
coach_NN1 journey_NN1 from_II Tirau_NP1 ,_, and_CC the_AT difference_NN1 
showed_VVD up_RP in_II the_AT number_NN1 of_IO baths_NN2 taken_VVN at_II 
each_DD1 spa_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL From_II January_NPM1 to_II May_NPM1 1886_MC 18_MC 686_MC baths_NN2 
were_VBDR taken_VVN at_II Te_AT Aroha_NP1 ,_, but_CCB Rotorua_NP1 's_GE 
total_NN1 was_VBDZ only_RR 5_MC 314_MC for_IF the_AT 9_MC months_NNT2 from_II 
October_NPM1 1885_MC to_II June_NPM1 1886_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL Even_RR before_II the_AT railway_NN1 ,_, however_RR ,_, Te_AT 
Aroha_NP1 was_VBDZ ahead_RL ._. 

^ ^_NULL Not_XX only_RR was_VBDZ it_PPH1 much_RR closer_RRR to_II Auckland_NP1 
but_CCB the_AT journey_NN1 to_II it_PPH1 could_VM be_VBI made_VVN by_II 
boat_NN1 ;_; the_AT small_JJ vessel_NN1 *1_NULL Kotuku_NP1 *0_NULL steamed_VVD 
up_RP the_AT Waihou_NP River_NNL1 from_II Thames_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ much_RR more_RGR comfortable_JJ than_CSN 
travelling_VVG the_AT coach_NN1 roads_NN2 to_II Rotorua_NP1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL An_AT1 early_JJ problem_NN1 facing_VVG the_AT Domain_NN1 
Board_NNJ was_VBDZ people_NN using_VVG soap_NN1 in_II the_AT baths_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Women_NN2 were_VBDR suspected_VVN of_IO being_VBG the_AT main_JJ 
offenders_NN2 and_CC the_AT *1_NULL Te_AT Aroha_NP1 &_CC Ohinemuri_NP1 
News_NP1 *0_NULL recorded_VVD on_II 20_MC November_NPM1 1886_MC that_CST a_AT1 
caretaker_NN1 had_VHD been_VBN detailed_VVN to_TO keep_VVI a_AT1 close_JJ 
eye_NN1 on_II the_AT use_NN1 of_IO soap_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL From_II the_AT same_DA paper_NN1 it_PPH1 is_VBZ interesting_JJ to_TO 
learn_VVI the_AT cost_NN1 of_IO developments_NN2 100_MC years_NNT2 ago_RA ._. 

^ ^_NULL An_AT1 attractive_JJ little_JJ building_NN1 over_II the_AT main_JJ 
drinking_NN1 fountain_NN1 cost_NN1 only_RR *+_NULL 75_MC to_TO construct_VVI 
over_II the_AT summer_NNT1 of_IO 1886-87_MCMC ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX were_VBDR 7_MC bathhouses_NN2 at_II Te_AT Aroha_NP1 
by_II 1886_MC ,_, and_CC they_PPHS2 received_VVD considerable_JJ praise_NN1 
._. 

^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 172+TEXT+F29_FO **]_NULL 

^ ^_NULL *0_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 time_NNT1 ,_, Despard_NP1 wrote_VVD 
,_, for_IF *'_" bold_JJ measures_NN2 **'_" ._. 

^ *<_NULL *2_NULL *=_NULL II_MC OHAEAWAI_NP1 AND_CC THE_AT ADAPTATION_NN1 
OF_IO *3_NULL PA_NN1 *2_NULL CONSTRUCTION_NN1 *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL SUFFERING_VVG FROM_II THE_AT SAME_DA CARTAGE_NN1 PROBLEMS_NN2 
WHICH_DDQ HAD_VHD *0_NULL beset_VVN Hulme_NP1 ,_, Despard_NP1 struggled_VVD 
up_II21 to_II22 Ohaeawai_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL His_APPGE vanguard_NN1 of_IO allied_JJ Maoris_NP2 skirmished_VVD 
with_IW Kawiti_NP1 's_GE scouts_NN2 on_II 23_MC June_NPM1 ,_, and_CC 
Despard_NP1 arrived_VVD before_II the_AT *1_NULL pa_NN1 *0_NULL on_II the_AT 
next_MD day_NNT1 ,_, with_IW 615_MC men_NN2 and_CC four_MC cannon_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 opened_VVD fire_NN1 as_RG soon_RR as_CSA possible_JJ with_IW 
his_APPGE artillery_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 had_VHD two_MC objectives_NN2 in_II mind_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL One_PN1 was_VBDZ to_TO create_VVI a_AT1 viable_JJ breach_NN1 in_II 
the_AT palisades_NN2 ,_, and_CC the_AT other_NN1 was_VBDZ to_TO demoralize_VVI 
and_CC inflict_NN1 casualties_NN2 on_II the_AT garrison_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 moved_VVD his_APPGE batteries_NN2 about_II several_DA2 
times_NNT2 to_TO improve_VVI their_APPGE firing_JJ position_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Though_RR harassed_VVD all_DB the_AT while_NNT1 by_II accurate_JJ 
sniping_NN1 and_CC irritating_JJ sallies_NN2 by_II the_AT garrison_NN1 ,_, 
the_AT British_JJ kept_VVD up_RP a_AT1 reasonably_RR well-directed_JJ 
cannonade_NN1 for_IF six_MC days_NNT2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT six-_NN1 and_CC twelve-pounder_JJ cannon_NN1 failed_VVD to_TO 
create_VVI a_AT1 breach_NN1 ,_, and_CC Despard_NP1 ordered_VVD up_RP a_AT1 
32-pounder_NN1 ,_, the_AT heaviest_JJT gun_NN1 yet_RR used_VVN on_II land_NN1 
in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 ,_, from_II the_AT ships_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL As_II the_AT 32-pounder_NN1 fired_VVD its_APPGE first_MD shots_NN2 
,_, early_RR on_II 1_MC1 July_NPM1 ,_, Kawiti_NP1 launched_VVD a_AT1 
particularly_RR dangerous_JJ and_CC provocative_JJ sally_NN1 against_II 
one_MC1 of_IO the_AT batteries_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Despard_NP1 felt_VVD he_PPHS1 could_VM wait_VVI no_RR21 longer_RR22 
and_CC launched_VVD an_AT1 assault_NN1 with_IW 250_MC crack_JJ troops_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT *1_NULL pa_NN1 *0_NULL contained_VVD only_RR 100_MC 
warriors_NN2 at_II the_AT time_NNT1 ,_, but_CCB the_AT British_JJ storming_JJ 
party_NN was_VBDZ shattered_VVN and_CC flung_VVN back_RP ,_, leaving_VVG 
110_MC killed_VVD and_CC wounded_VVD behind_II it_PPH1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT impossible_JJ had_VHD occurred_VVN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL If_CS anything_PN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 constant_JJ in_II the_AT 
interpretation_NN1 of_IO the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 Wars_NN2 ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ 
the_AT assumption_NN1 that_CST the_AT British_JJ defeat_NN1 at_II Ohaeawai_NP1 
was_VBDZ primarily_RR caused_VVN by_II the_AT monumental_JJ lunacy_NN1 of_IO 
Colonel_NNB Despard_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 assumption_NN1 took_VVD root_NN1 immediately_RR after_II 
the_AT battle_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL From_II Despard_NP1 ,_, wrote_VVD one_MC1 newspaper_NN1 editor_NN1 
:_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL Time_NNT1 did_VDD not_XX temper_VVI 
these_DD2 opinions_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL At_II the_AT turn_NN1 of_IO the_AT century_NNT1 ,_, {_NULL W._NP1 
P._NP1 }_NULL Reeves_NP1 wrote_VVD that_CST the_AT disaster_NN1 at_II 
Ohaeawai_NP1 was_VBDZ *'_" solely_RR due_II21 to_II22 a_AT1 commander_NN1 
's_VBZ error_NN1 of_IO judgement_NN1 **'_" ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II 1962_MC ,_, Edgar_NP1 Holt_NP1 attributed_VVD the_AT defeat_NN1 
to_II Despard_NP1 being_VBG *'_" stupid_JJ enough_RR to_TO imagine_VVI 
that_CST a_AT1 Maori_JJ *1_NULL pa_NN1 *0_NULL could_VM fall_VVI before_II 
a_AT1 bayonet_NN1 charge_NN1 **'_" ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT most_RGT recent_JJ book_NN1 on_II the_AT Northern_NP1 
War_NP1 (_( 1979_MC )_) ,_, Michael_NP1 Barthorp_NP1 used_VVD a_AT1 
contemporary_JJ statement_NN1 to_TO entitle_VVI his_APPGE chapter_NN1 on_II 
Ohaeawai_NP1 *'_" Downright_JJ Madness_NN1 **'_" ._. 

^ ^_NULL If_CS the_AT Northern_NP1 War_NP1 was_VBDZ historiographically_RR 
as_RG popular_JJ as_CSA the_AT Crimean_NN1 ,_, Despard_NP1 would_VM rank_VVI 
with_IW Lord_NNB Cardigan_NP1 as_II the_AT definitive_JJ military_JJ 
cretin_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL To_II some_DD extent_NN1 the_AT attribution_NN1 of_IO the_AT 
Ohaeawai_NP1 disaster_NN1 to_II Despard_NP1 's_GE blundering_NN1 is_VBZ 
founded_VVN upon_II the_AT opinions_NN2 of_IO the_AT participants_NN2 in_II 
the_AT battle_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Some_DD of_IO these_DD2 contemporary_JJ comments_NN2 have_VH0 
been_VBN used_VVN out_II21 of_II22 context_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT contemporary_JJ reference_NN1 to_II *'_" Downright_JJ 
Madness_NN1 **'_" ,_, for_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, concerned_JJ a_AT1 
night_NNT1 escalade_NN1 which_DDQ was_VBDZ suggested_VVN but_CCB never_RR 
implemented_VVD ,_, and_CC not_XX the_AT assault_NN1 itself_PPX1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Other_JJ participants_NN2 '_GE comments_NN2 were_VBDR 
retrospective_JJ ,_, and_CC were_VBDR influenced_VVN less_RRR by_II 
reasoned_JJ analysis_NN1 than_CSN by_II the_AT shock_NN1 of_IO defeat_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Despite_II the_AT experience_NN1 of_IO Kororareka_NP1 and_CC 
Puketutu_NP1 ,_, the_AT shock_NN1 was_VBDZ very_RG great_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL *'_" Never_RR did_VDD British_JJ troops_NN2 pass_VV0 a_AT1 more_RGR 
dreadful_JJ night_NNT1 than_CSN the_AT troops_NN2 before_II Ohaeawai_NP1 
after_II this_DD1 unsuccessful_JJ assault_NN1 ._. 

^ **'_" ^_NULL The_AT nature_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE opponents_NN2 naturally_RR 
did_VDD not_XX help_VVI matters_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Major_NNB Cyprian_NP1 Bridge_NN1 recorded_VVD that_CST after_CS 
the_AT assault_NN1 he_PPHS1 and_CC his_APPGE men_NN2 were_VBDR *'_" tired_JJ 
and_CC dispirited_VVD and_CC disgusted_VVD beyond_II expression_NN1 at_II 
having_VHG been_VBN defeated_VVN by_II a_AT1 mob_NN1 of_IO savages_NN2 and_CC 
with_IW such_DA fearful_JJ cost_NN1 too_RR **'_" ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II this_DD1 context_NN1 ,_, Despard_NP1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 natural_JJ 
scapegoat_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Though_CS by_RR31 no_RR32 means_RR33 as_CSA intolerant_JJ ,_, 
difficult_JJ ,_, and_CC immune_JJ to_II advice_NN1 as_II the_AT received_JJ 
picture_NN1 suggests_VVZ ,_, the_AT Colonel_NN1 could_VM be_VBI tactless_JJ 
and_CC irascible_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL His_APPGE attempt_NN1 *-_- subsequently_RR retracted_VVD *-_- to_TO 
blame_VVI members_NN2 of_IO the_AT storming_JJ party_NN for_IF disobeying_VVG 
instructions_NN2 to_TO carry_VVI axes_NN2 and_CC ladders_NN2 to_TO cut_VVI 
down_RP or_CC scale_NN1 the_AT stockade_NN1 did_VDD not_XX endear_VVI 
him_PPHO1 to_II the_AT survivors_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 seems_VVZ fair_JJ to_TO suggest_VVI ,_, in_II sum_NN1 ,_, 
that_CST the_AT opinions_NN2 of_IO veterans_NN2 like_II Corporal_NNB {_NULL 
W._NP1 H._NP1 }_NULL Free_JJ *-_- in_II this_DD1 case_NN1 expressed_VVD a_AT1 
mere_JJ seventy-four_MC years_NNT2 after_II the_AT event_NN1 *-_- that_CST 
Despard_NP1 *'_" did_VDD not_XX know_VVI his_APPGE business_NN1 **'_" ,_, 
are_VBR not_XX quite_RG iron-clad_JJ evidence_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL While_CS uncritically_RR accepting_VVG the_AT views_NN2 of_IO 
Despard_NP1 's_GE subordinates_NN2 ,_, contemporary_JJ commentators_NN2 and_CC 
historians_NN2 alike_RR ignored_VVD the_AT opinions_NN2 of_IO his_APPGE 
military_JJ superiors_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ admittedly_RR a_AT1 much-repeated_JJ comment_NN1 
allegedly_RR made_VVN by_II the_AT Duke_NNB of_IO Wellington_NP1 ,_, the_AT 
Commander-in-Chief_NN1 ,_, to_II the_AT effect_NN1 that_CST Despard_NP1 
should_VM have_VHI been_VBN court-martialled_VVN for_IF launching_VVG an_AT1 
attack_NN1 *'_" in_II the_AT face_NN1 of_IO such_DA hopeless_JJ 
difficulties_NN2 **'_" ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ just_RR possible_JJ that_CST Wellington_NP1 made_VVD 
some_DD comment_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 type_NN1 when_RRQ the_AT first_MD 
newspaper_NN1 reports_NN2 of_IO the_AT battle_NN1 arrived_VVN in_II 
England_NP1 ,_, but_CCB if_CS he_PPHS1 did_VDD so_CS he_PPHS1 soon_RR 
reversed_VVD his_APPGE opinion_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL After_II studying_VVG the_AT relevant_JJ reports_NN2 ,_, he_PPHS1 
wrote_VVD that_CST *'_" the_AT service_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN well_RR 
conducted_VVN by_II Colonel_NNB Despard_NP1 **'_" ,_, and_CC that_CST 
Despard_NP1 should_VM be_VBI made_VVN a_AT1 Commander_NN1 of_IO the_AT 
Bath_NP1 ,_, which_DDQ he_PPHS1 duly_RR was_VBDZ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Despard_NP1 had_VHD another_DD1 supporter_NN1 in_II Governor_NNB 
FitzRoy_NP1 ,_, for_IF whom_PNQO Ohaeawai_NP1 was_VBDZ an_AT1 unmitigated_JJ 
disaster_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Bravely_NP1 ,_, FitzRoy_NP1 made_VVD no_AT effort_NN1 to_TO blame_VVI 
his_APPGE woes_NN2 on_II the_AT Colonel_NN1 ,_, despite_II the_AT obvious_JJ 
temptation_NN1 to_TO do_VDI so_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL Nor_CC did_VDD Despard_NP1 's_GE direct_JJ military_JJ superior_NN1 
,_, General_NNB O'Connell_NP1 ,_, commanding_JJ in_II Australia_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL O'Connell_NP1 explicitly_RR exculpated_VVD Despard_NP1 from_II 
blame_NN1 for_IF the_AT defeat_NN1 and_CC expressed_VVD continued_VVN *'_" 
great_JJ confidence_NN1 in_II his_APPGE zeal_NN1 and_CC experience_NN1 as_CC31 
well_CC32 as_CC33 in_II his_APPGE prudence_NN1 **'_" ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Of_RR21 course_RR22 ,_, Wellington_NP1 ,_, O'Connell_NP1 ,_, 
and_CC FitzRoy_NP1 could_VM be_VBI wrong_JJ ,_, and_CC two_MC major_JJ 
criticisms_NN2 of_IO Despard_NP1 require_VV0 closer_JJR examination_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT first_MD was_VBDZ that_CST the_AT assault_NN1 could_VM be_VBI 
seen_VVN to_TO have_VHI no_AT chance_NN1 of_IO success_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT second_NNT1 ,_, more_RGR specific_JJ ,_, was_VBDZ that_CST 
Despard_NP1 failed_VVD to_TO direct_VVI his_APPGE attack_NN1 against_II the_AT 
point_NN1 most_RRT damaged_VVN by_II his_APPGE guns_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL These_DD2 criticisms_NN2 are_VBR unsound_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Despard_NP1 was_VBDZ no_AT genius_NN1 ,_, but_CCB Wellington_NP1 
was_VBDZ right_JJ in_II concluding_JJ that_CST he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ moderately_RR 
competent_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT Colonel_NN1 's_VBZ reputation_NN1 ,_, however_RR ,_, is_VBZ 
not_XX our_APPGE main_JJ concern_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT crucial_JJ point_NN1 is_VBZ that_CST the_AT main_JJ causes_NN2 
of_IO the_AT Ohaeawai_NP1 disaster_NN1 ,_, including_II the_AT factors_NN2 
which_DDQ deceived_VVD Despard_NP1 about_II the_AT effect_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE 
bombardment_NN1 and_CC the_AT chances_NN2 of_IO successful_JJ assault_NN1 ,_, 
were_VBDR measures_NN2 taken_VVN by_II the_AT Maoris_NP2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Among_II these_DD2 was_VBDZ the_AT successful_JJ application_NN1 
of_IO methods_NN2 used_VVN in_II the_AT Musket_NN1 Wars_NN2 ,_, such_II21 
as_II22 good_JJ fire_NN1 discipline_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT improvement_NN1 of_IO traditional_JJ features_NN2 of_IO 
*1_NULL pa_NN1 *0_NULL construction_NN1 *-_- modifications_NN2 rather_II21 
than_II22 radical_JJ changes_NN2 *-_- were_VBDR equally_RR important_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB the_AT Maori_JJ performance_NN1 at_II Ohaeawai_NP1 also_RR 
included_VVN sufficient_JJ innovations_NN2 in_II the_AT construction_NN1 of_IO 
the_AT *1_NULL pa_NN1 *0_NULL to_TO make_VVI it_PPH1 a_AT1 new_JJ kind_NN1 
of_IO fortification_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II31 terms_II32 of_II33 construction_NN1 ,_, Ohaeawai_NP1 was_VBDZ 
the_AT model_NN1 for_IF all_DB future_JJ Maori_JJ defensive_JJ systems_NN2 
*-_- the_AT prototype_NN1 of_IO what_DDQ we_PPIS2 will_VM call_VVI the_AT 
modern_JJ *1_NULL pa_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Kawiti_NP1 bore_VVD three_MC closely_RR related_JJ 
problems_NN2 in_II mind_NN1 while_CS designing_VVG Ohaeawai_NP1 :_: a_AT1 
charge_NN1 by_II British_JJ regulars_NN2 was_VBDZ extremely_RR difficult_JJ 
to_TO stop_VVI ;_; any_DD measures_NN2 taken_VVN to_II this_DD1 end_NN1 
had_VHD to_TO be_VBI kept_VVN secret_JJ from_II the_AT British_JJ ;_; and_CC 
the_AT *1_NULL pa_NN1 *0_NULL and_CC its_APPGE garrison_NN1 had_VHD somehow_RR 
to_TO be_VBI protected_VVN against_II the_AT new_JJ threat_NN1 of_IO 
artillery_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL As_CSA Kawiti_NP1 was_VBDZ now_RT well_JJ aware_JJ ,_, 
attacking_VVG British_JJ infantry_NNJ were_VBDR not_XX only_RR ferociously_RR 
effective_JJ but_CCB also_RR had_VHN a_AT1 *'_" high_JJ breaking_NN1 
strain_VV0 **'_" *-_- a_AT1 large_JJ proportion_NN1 of_IO the_AT attackers_NN2 
would_VM have_VHI to_TO be_VBI shot_VVN down_RP before_II the_AT attack_NN1 
would_VM stop_VVI ._. 

^ ^_NULL When_CS this_DD1 was_VBDZ added_VVN to_II the_AT fact_NN1 that_CST 
the_AT garrison_NN1 of_IO Ohaeawai_NP1 were_VBDR outnumbered_VVN six_MC to_II 
one_MC1 by_II their_APPGE opponents_NN2 ,_, it_PPH1 became_VVD clear_JJ 
that_CST engineering_NN1 measures_VVZ to_TO correct_VVI the_AT balance_NN1 
were_VBDR vital_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL To_TO make_VVI the_AT best_JJT of_IO his_APPGE few_DA2 musketeers_NN2 
,_, Kawiti_NP1 sought_VVD to_TO ensure_VVI that_CST they_PPHS2 could_VM 
fire_VVI and_CC load_VVI in_II relative_JJ safety_NN1 ;_; that_CST they_PPHS2 
could_VM bring_VVI fire_NN1 to_TO bear_VVI from_II the_AT maximum_JJ 
number_NN1 of_IO angles_NN2 ,_, and_CC for_IF sufficient_JJ time_NNT1 to_TO 
do_VDI the_AT necessary_JJ damage_NN1 ;_; and_CC that_CST they_PPHS2 could_VM 
be_VBI concentrated_VVN rapidly_RR and_CC safely_RR at_II threatened_JJ 
points_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT two_MC palisades_NN2 of_IO the_AT *1_NULL pa_NN1 ,_, 
*0_NULL a_AT1 strong_JJ inner_JJ fence_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 lighter_JJR fence_NN1 
(_( the_AT *1_NULL pekerangi_NN2 )_) *0_NULL three_MC feet_NN2 outside_II 
it_PPH1 ,_, provided_CS some_DD protection_NN1 for_IF the_AT garrison_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL More_NP1 was_VBDZ provided_VVN by_II flax_NN1 matting_NN1 ,_, 
virtually_RR musket-proof_JJ ,_, which_DDQ was_VBDZ hung_VVN on_RP the_AT 
*1_NULL pekerangi_NN2 *0_NULL to_II within_II a_AT1 foot_NN1 or_CC two_MC 
of_IO the_AT ground_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB a_AT1 still_RR more_RGR important_JJ protection_NN1 for_IF 
the_AT musketeers_NN2 in_II the_AT firing_NN1 line_NN1 was_VBDZ the_AT 
trench_NN1 around_II the_AT perimeter_NN1 of_IO the_AT *1_NULL pa_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL *0_NULL This_DD1 trench_NN1 ,_, located_VVN inside_II the_AT inner_JJ 
fence_NN1 ,_, was_VBDZ five_MC or_CC six_MC feet_NN2 deep_JJ ,_, and_CC 
had_VHD firing_JJ steps_NN2 cut_VV0 in_II the_AT side_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT musketeer_NN1 stood_VVD on_II its_APPGE floor_NN1 to_TO 
load_VVI and_CC stepped_VVD up_RP to_TO fire_VVI at_II ground_NN1 level_NN1 
,_, shooting_VVG either_DD1 through_II a_AT1 loophole_NN1 cut_VVN in_II 
contiguous_JJ timbers_NN2 ,_, or_CC through_II gaps_NN2 between_II 
separated_JJ timbers_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL To_TO align_VVI his_APPGE gun_NN1 along_II the_AT ground_NN1 
improved_VVD his_APPGE aim_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Even_RR a_AT1 short-range_JJ musket_NN1 ball_NN1 flew_VVD in_II a_AT1 
curved_JJ trajectory_NN1 ,_, and_CC there_EX was_VBDZ a_AT1 tendency_NN1 to_TO 
fire_VVI too_RG high_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB more_RGR important_JJ was_VBDZ the_AT fact_NN1 that_CST 
the_AT warriors_NN2 at_II Ohaeawai_NP1 hardly_RR needed_VVN to_TO expose_VVI 
themselves_PPX2 at_RR21 all_RR22 when_CS repelling_VVG the_AT British_JJ 
attack_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Mobility_NP1 within_II the_AT *1_NULL pa_NN1 *0_NULL was_VBDZ 
another_DD1 problem_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL A_AT1 single_JJ ,_, open_JJ firing_JJ trench_NN1 running_VVG right_RR 
around_II the_AT perimeter_NN1 of_IO the_AT *1_NULL pa_NN1 *0_NULL would_VM 
have_VHI exposed_VVN its_APPGE occupants_NN2 to_II deadly_JJ enfilading_JJ 
fire_NN1 *-_- a_AT1 cannon_NN1 ball_NN1 fired_VVD from_II one_MC1 end_NN1 
could_VM have_VHI swept_VVN a_AT1 whole_JJ side_NN1 clear_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB if_CSW sections_NN2 of_IO trench_NN1 were_VBDR blocked_VVN 
off_RP from_II each_PPX221 other_PPX222 to_TO prevent_VVI this_DD1 ,_, safe_JJ 
communication_NN1 would_VM have_VHI become_VVN impossible_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT storming_JJ party_NN would_VM have_VHI encountered_VVN only_RR 
the_AT tiny_JJ ,_, isolated_JJ garrison_NN1 of_IO the_AT point_NN1 
attacked_VVD ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT solution_NN1 was_VBDZ to_TO *'_" traverse_VVI **'_" the_AT 
trench_NN1 *-_- to_TO leave_VVI sections_NN2 undug_VV0 across_II the_AT 
trench_NN1 at_II six_MC foot_NN1 intervals_NN2 along_II it_PPH1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Each_DD1 traverse_NN1 had_VHD a_AT1 small_JJ gap_NN1 *-_- a_AT1 
tiny_JJ communications_NN2 trench_VV0 *-_- cut_VVN at_II one_MC1 end_NN1 to_TO 
allow_VVI free_JJ passage_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Alternate_JJ traverses_NN2 had_VHD the_AT gap_NN1 at_II opposite_JJ 
ends_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL As_II a_AT1 veteran_NN1 of_IO the_AT garrison_NN1 put_VVD it_PPH1 :_: 
*'_" ^_NULL You_PPY could_VM travel_VVI right_RR round_II the_AT *1_NULL 
pa_NN1 *0_NULL in_II the_AT main_JJ trench_NN1 ,_, winding_VVG in_RP and_CC 
out_RP ._. 

^ **'_" ^_NULL The_AT garrison_NN1 could_VM be_VBI concentrated_VVN at_II 
a_AT1 single_JJ point_NN1 in_RP as_CS31 long_CS32 as_CS33 it_PPH1 took_VVD 
the_AT furthest_JJT man_NN1 to_TO complete_VVI a_AT1 zig_NN1 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL -zagging_JJ sprint_NN1 of_IO 150_MC yards_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Ohaeawai_NP1 was_VBDZ probably_RR also_RR equipped_VVN with_IW 
secondary_JJ communications_NN2 trenches_VVZ ,_, giving_VVG easy_JJ access_NN1 
to_II opposite_JJ sides_NN2 of_IO the_AT *1_NULL pa_NN1 *0_NULL and_CC to_II 
internal_JJ defensive_JJ features_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II the_AT effort_NN1 to_TO bring_VVI the_AT optimum_JJ 
fire_NN1 to_TO bear_VVI on_II a_AT1 British_JJ assault_NN1 force_VV0 it_PPH1 
would_VM have_VHI been_VBN tempting_JJ to_II resort_NN1 to_II the_AT 
traditional_JJ fighting_JJ platform_NN1 atop_II the_AT stockade_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT inner_JJ palisade_NN1 at_II Ohaeawai_NP1 was_VBDZ easily_RR 
strong_JJ enough_RR to_TO bear_VVI such_DA a_AT1 structure_NN1 ,_, and_CC 
with_IW split_JJ timber_NN and_CC flax_NN1 matting_NN1 it_PPH1 could_VM be_VBI 
made_VVN fairly_RR safe_JJ from_II musket_NN1 fire_NN1 ,_, as_CSA its_APPGE 
use_NN1 in_II the_AT Musket_NN1 Wars_NN2 proved_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB fighting_VVG platforms_NN2 were_VBDR easy_JJ game_NN1 for_IF 
artillery_NN1 and_CC Kawiti_NP1 simply_RR abandoned_VVD them_PPHO2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Instead_RR he_PPHS1 turned_VVD to_II salients_NN2 or_CC 
flanking-angles_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL These_DD2 were_VBDR the_AT same_DA in_II height_NN1 and_CC 
structure_NN1 as_CSA the_AT main_JJ palisade_NN1 and_CC trench_NN1 ,_, and_CC 
in_II fact_NN1 were_VBDR merely_RR projections_NN2 on_II the_AT main_JJ 
perimeter_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT angles_NN2 were_VBDR very_RG small_JJ ,_, and_CC their_APPGE 
purpose_NN1 was_VBDZ not_XX really_RR to_TO make_VVI possible_JJ a_AT1 
crossfire_NN1 at_II a_AT1 distant_JJ target_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 were_VBDR primarily_RR intended_VVN to_TO provide_VVI 
flanking_VVG fire_NN1 against_II an_AT1 enemy_NN standing_VVG hard_RR 
against_II the_AT *1_NULL pekerangi_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL *0_NULL A_AT1 man_NN1 shooting_VVG from_II a_AT1 flanking_JJ 
angle_NN1 ,_, only_RR a_AT1 couple_NN1 of_IO yards_NN2 from_II another_DD1 
shooting_VVG from_II the_AT main_JJ perimeter_NN1 ,_, would_VM cross_VVI 
the_AT T_ZZ1 of_IO his_APPGE neighbour_NN1 's_VBZ fire_NN1 when_RRQ both_DB2 
aimed_VVD at_II the_AT same_DA enemy_NN ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 too_RR was_VBDZ crucially_RR important_JJ because_II21 
of_II22 its_APPGE relationship_NN1 to_II the_AT function_NN1 of_IO the_AT 
*1_NULL pekerangi_NN2 *-_- *0_NULL the_AT outer_JJ fence_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT inner_JJ fence_NN1 was_VBDZ built_VVN of_IO stout_JJ logs_NN2 
and_CC could_VM physically_RR block_VVI an_AT1 attacker_NN1 's_VBZ 
progress_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT *1_NULL pekerangi_NN2 ,_, *0_NULL on_II the_AT other_JJ 
hand_NN1 ,_, though_CS stronger_JJR at_II Ohaeawai_NP1 than_CSN at_II 
later_JJR modern_JJ *1_NULL pa_NN1 ,_, *0_NULL was_VBDZ not_XX a_AT1 major_JJ 
obstruction_NN1 ,_, particularly_RR when_RRQ damaged_VVN by_II artillery_NN1 
fire_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT British_JJ storming_JJ party_NN penetrated_VVD it_PPH1 at_II 
a_AT1 minimum_NN1 of_IO two_MC points_NN2 on_II 1_MC1 July_NPM1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB in_II struggling_VVG with_IW the_AT *1_NULL pekerangi_NN2 ,_, 
*0_NULL the_AT attackers_NN2 gave_VVD the_AT defenders_NN2 sufficient_JJ 
time_NNT1 to_TO shoot_VVI them_PPHO2 down_RP ,_, with_IW the_AT flanking_JJ 
fire_NN1 from_II the_AT salients_NN2 proving_VVG particularly_RR effective_JJ 
._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT *1_NULL pekerangi_NN2 *0_NULL was_VBDZ *'_" intended_VVN to_TO 
delay_VVI a_AT1 storming_JJ party_NN ,_, so_CS21 that_CS22 while_CS they_PPHS2 
would_VM be_VBI pulling_VVG it_PPH1 down_RP ,_, the_AT men_NN2 behind_II 
the_AT inner_JJ fence_NN1 might_VM have_VHI time_NNT1 to_TO shoot_VVI 
them_PPHO2 **'_" ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 performed_VVD a_AT1 function_NN1 similar_JJ to_II that_DD1 
of_IO barbed_JJ wire_NN1 on_II more_RGR recent_JJ battlefields_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Kawiti_NP1 's_GE second_MD major_JJ problem_NN1 was_VBDZ to_TO 
conceal_VVI his_APPGE defences_NN2 from_II the_AT British_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL When_RRQ first_MD observing_VVG the_AT Ohaeawai_NP1 *1_NULL pa_NN1 
*0_NULL on_II 24_MC June_NPM1 ,_, Despard_NP1 could_VM see_VVI that_CST two_MC 
*'_" barricades_NN2 **'_" of_IO logs_NN2 and_CC a_AT1 *'_" ditch_NN1 **'_" 
formed_VVD the_AT perimeter_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 could_VM see_VVI a_DD221 few_DD222 partitions_NN2 within_II 
the_AT *1_NULL pa_NN1 ,_, *0_NULL but_CCB neither_RR he_PPHS1 nor_CC his_APPGE 
officers_NN2 noted_VVD any_DD significant_JJ defences_NN2 in_II the_AT 
interior_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 was_VBDZ all_DB the_AT information_NN1 the_AT Colonel_NN1 
had_VHD ._. 

^ ^_NULL At_II Kororareka_NP1 and_CC Puketutu_NP1 ,_, the_AT Maoris_NP2 
had_VHD made_VVN no_AT great_JJ secret_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE plans_NN2 and_CC 
activities_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Missionaries_NP1 and_CC pro-government_JJ Maoris_NP2 
communicating_VVG with_IW them_PPHO2 had_VHD been_VBN able_JK to_TO 
provide_VVI the_AT army_NNJ with_IW reliable_JJ information_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL At_II Ohaeawai_NP1 ,_, however_RR ,_, the_AT Maoris_NP2 suddenly_RR 
cut_VVD the_AT normal_JJ ,_, casual_JJ ,_, flow_NN1 of_IO information_NN1 ._. 

^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 173+TEXT+F30_FO **]_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL As_CC31 well_CC32 as_CC33 being_VBG able_JK to_TO 
handle_VVI the_AT wide_JJ range_NN1 of_IO situations_NN2 they_PPHS2 
encounter_VV0 every_AT1 day_NNT1 ,_, the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 Police_NN2 
must_VM also_RR know_VVI and_CC understand_VVI the_AT variety_NN1 of_IO 
different_JJ laws_NN2 they_PPHS2 are_VBR called_VVN on_RP to_TO administer_VVI 
and_CC enforce_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Training_VVG today_RT is_VBZ thorough_JJ and_CC sophisticated_JJ 
but_CCB when_RRQ the_AT Police_NN2 Force_NNJ was_VBDZ established_VVN in_II 
1886_MC learning_VVG on_II the_AT job_NN1 was_VBDZ really_RR the_AT only_JJ 
instruction_NN1 that_CST policemen_NN2 received_VVN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT 1898_MC Royal_JJ Commission_NNJ recommended_VVD ,_, 
as_II a_AT1 matter_NN1 of_IO highest_JJT importance_NN1 ,_, the_AT 
establishment_NN of_IO a_AT1 **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL central_JJ 
training_NN1 depot_NN1 in_II Wellington_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ unfair_JJ to_II both_DB2 constable_NN1 and_CC 
public_JJ to_TO put_VVI a_AT1 policeman_NN1 on_II the_AT street_NN1 without_IW 
giving_VVG him_PPHO1 any_DD preliminary_JJ training_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT commission_NN1 suggested_VVD a_AT1 four-month_JJ training_NN1 
period_NN1 for_IF new_JJ recruits_NN2 which_DDQ should_VM include_VVI 
instruction_NN1 in_II the_AT law_NN1 relating_VVG to_II police_NN2 duties_NN2 
,_, in_II functions_NN2 and_CC powers_NN2 ,_, in_II ambulance_NN1 work_NN1 
and_CC first_MD aid_NN1 ,_, in_II athletics_NN2 and_CC simple_JJ drill_NN1 ,_, 
and_CC in_II other_JJ matters_NN2 ordered_VVN by_II the_AT Police_NN2 
Commissioner_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT police_NN2 station_VV0 at_II Mount_NNL1 Cook_NP in_II 
Wellington_NP1 was_VBDZ used_VVN as_II a_AT1 training_NN1 depot_NN1 and_CC 
station_NN1 from_II December_NPM1 1898_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT first_MD instructor_NN1 ,_, Sergeant_NNB O'Donovan_NP1 ,_, 
later_RRR became_VVD Commissioner_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT depot_NN1 proved_VVD a_AT1 great_JJ success_NN1 and_CC 
recruits_NN2 who_PNQS passed_VVD through_II Mount_NNL1 Cook_NP were_VBDR 
considered_VVN to_TO be_VBI of_IO a_AT1 much_RR better_JJR calibre_NN1 
than_CSN those_DD2 who_PNQS had_VHD n't_XX had_VHN the_AT benefit_NN1 of_IO 
the_AT training_NN1 school_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL By_II 1901_MC Mount_NNL1 Cook_NP had_VHN to_TO be_VBI extended_VVN 
and_CC in_II 1909_MC a_ZZ1 new_JJ and_CC larger_JJR training_NN1 depot_NN1 
was_VBDZ opened_VVN in_II Wellington_NP1 South_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 was_VBDZ to_TO remain_VVI the_AT official_JJ training_NN1 
school_NN1 for_IF the_AT next_MD 45_MC years_NNT2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL After_II World_NN1 War_NN1 *=_NULL I_PPIS1 began_VVD there_EX 
was_VBDZ a_AT1 shortage_NN1 of_IO recruits_NN2 and_CC training_VVG at_II 
the_AT Wellington_NP1 South_NP1 school_NN1 was_VBDZ suspended_VVN in_II 
1916_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL Training_NN1 recommenced_VVD in_II 1921_MC when_RRQ three-month_JJ 
courses_NN2 were_VBDR introduced_VVN to_TO cater_VVI for_IF the_AT growth_NN1 
in_II recruitment_NN1 needed_VVN in_II the_AT postwar_JJ years_NNT2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT Depression_NN1 of_IO the_AT 1930s_MC2 ,_, however_RR ,_, 
saw_VVD recruitment_NN1 virtually_RR halted_VVD and_CC the_AT school_NN1 
closed_VVD again_RT in_II 1930_MC ,_, to_TO be_VBI reopened_VVN in_II 
August_NPM1 1935_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II 1937_MC two_MC large_JJ intakes_NN2 of_IO recruits_NN2 
were_VBDR trained_VVN at_II Trentham_NP1 Military_JJ Camp_NN1 in_II an_AT1 
effort_NN1 to_TO build_VVI up_RP police_NN2 strength_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Formal_JJ training_NN1 was_VBDZ suspended_VVN again_RT from_II 
1938_MC to_II 1945_MC but_CCB a_AT1 system_NN1 of_IO weekly_JJ lectures_NN2 
for_IF constables_NN2 and_CC fortnightly_JJ lectures_NN2 for_IF senior_JJ 
staff_NN were_VBDR introduced_VVN during_II World_NN1 War_NN1 *=_NULL II_MC 
._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II 1946_MC the_AT school_NN1 at_II Wellington_NP1 South_NP1 
reopened_VVD and_CC the_AT following_JJ year_NNT1 a_AT1 correspondence_NN1 
scheme_NN1 was_VBDZ set_VVN up_RP to_TO help_VVI police_NN2 in_II outlying_JJ 
and_CC isolated_JJ districts_NN2 qualify_VV0 for_IF promotion_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II 1953_MC the_AT now_RT dilapidated_JJ Wellington_NP1 South_NP1 
school_NN1 was_VBDZ replaced_VVN by_II one_PN1 established_VVD in_II 
renovated_JJ naval_JJ barracks_NN at_II Lyttelton_NP1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL A_AT1 comprehensive_JJ 1955_MC training_NN1 review_NN1 led_VVN 
to_II a_AT1 complete_JJ change_NN1 to_II the_AT training_NN1 of_IO 
recruits_NN2 and_CC serving_VVG police_NN2 of_IO all_DB ranks_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Recruits_NN2 were_VBDR to_TO undergo_VVI 13_MC weeks_NNT2 of_IO 
basic_JJ training_NN1 ,_, while_CS there_EX would_VM be_VBI an_AT1 
eight-week_JJ course_NN1 for_IF constables_NN2 going_VVG to_II detective_NN1 
duties_NN2 and_CC courses_NN2 for_IF both_DB2 {_NULL NCO_NP1 }_NULL s_ZZ1 
and_CC officers_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT new_JJ courses_NN2 began_VVD in_II 1956_MC in_II a_AT1 new_JJ 
location_NN1 ;_; the_AT police_NN2 training_VVG school_NN1 had_VHD been_VBN 
moved_VVN from_II Lyttelton_NP1 to_II Trentham_NP1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL These_DD2 changes_NN2 represented_VVD a_AT1 great_JJ 
stride_NN1 forward_RL ;_; the_AT police_NN2 administration_NN were_VBDR 
giving_VVG training_VVG a_AT1 high_JJ priority_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL A_AT1 variety_NN1 of_IO courses_NN2 were_VBDR created_VVN for_IF 
serving_VVG police_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Specialists_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 Search_NN1 and_CC Rescue_NN1 
staff_NN ,_, Armed_JJ Offenders_NN2 Squads_NN2 and_CC police_NN2 
prosecutors_NN2 received_VVD formal_JJ training_NN1 at_II Trentham_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT Police_NN2 Dog_NN1 School_NNL1 was_VBDZ also_RR set_VVN up_RP 
there_RL ._. 

^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL By_II 1971_MC it_PPH1 was_VBDZ 
obvious_JJ that_CST a_AT1 specially_RR designed_VVN college_NN1 was_VBDZ 
needed_VVN to_TO cater_VVI for_IF the_AT greater_JJR range_NN1 of_IO 
sophistication_NN1 of_IO police_NN2 training_VVG ._. 

^ ^_NULL Approval_NN1 was_VBDZ given_VVN for_IF work_NN1 to_TO start_VVI on_II 
planning_VVG a_AT1 new_JJ college_NN1 at_II Porirua_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 was_VBDZ opened_VVN in_II 1981_MC by_II His_APPGE Royal_JJ 
Highness_NN1 Prince_NNB Charles_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Now_RT the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 Police_NN2 have_VH0 a_AT1 modern_JJ 
training_NN1 complex_NN1 with_IW pleasant_JJ and_CC attractive_JJ 
accommodation_NN1 for_IF over_RG 400_MC students_NN2 and_CC buildings_NN2 
for_IF teaching_NN1 ,_, training_VVG aids_NN1 and_CC administration_NN ._. 

^ ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ also_RR an_AT1 amenities_NN2 block_VV0 containing_VVG 
a_AT1 spacious_JJ dining_NN1 room_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 shop_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 post_NN1 
office_NN1 and_CC recreation_NN1 areas_NN2 for_IF staff_NN and_CC students_NN2 
._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Police_NN2 training_VVG in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 was_VBDZ 
once_RT an_AT1 after_JJ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL -_- thought_VVD ._. 

^ ^_NULL With_IW the_AT best_JJT of_IO facilities_NN2 it_PPH1 now_RT has_VHZ 
a_AT1 very_RG high_JJ profile_NN1 ._. 

^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL *<_NULL *6_NULL AN_AT1 EQUAL_JJ FORCE_NN1 *>_NULL 

^ *<_NULL *5_NULL Policewomen_NP1 *>_NULL 

^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Since_CS about_RG half_DB 
of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 's_GE population_NN1 is_VBZ female_JJ ,_, it_PPH1 
is_VBZ not_XX surprising_JJ that_CST the_AT number_NN1 of_IO women_NN2 in_II 
the_AT police_NN2 is_VBZ growing_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 took_VVD many_DA2 years_NNT2 ,_, however_RR ,_, for_IF 
them_PPHO2 to_TO be_VBI accepted_VVN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Women_NN2 had_VHD been_VBN employed_VVN as_CSA matrons_NN2 
and_CC searchers_NN2 since_II 1898_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL Policemen_NP1 's_GE wives_NN2 often_RR acted_VVD unofficially_RR 
as_RR21 well_RR22 ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 dealt_VVD mainly_RR with_IW women_NN2 and_CC children_NN2 
in_II courts_NN2 ,_, escorting_VVG women_NN2 prisoners_NN2 to_II and_CC 
from_II jail_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ 1914_MC ,_, however_RR ,_, before_CS real_JJ 
moves_NN2 were_VBDR made_VVN to_TO introduce_VVI women_NN2 to_II the_AT 
police_NN2 force_NNJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ suggested_VVN that_CST they_PPHS2 perform_VV0 
such_DA duties_NN2 as_CSA safeguarding_VVG girls_NN2 and_CC children_NN2 at_II 
parks_NN2 ,_, amusement_NN1 places_NN2 ,_, wharves_NN2 and_CC railway_NN1 
stations_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL At_II this_DD1 stage_NN1 most_RGT American_JJ cities_NN2 and_CC 
many_DA2 European_JJ countries_NN2 already_RR had_VHN women_NN2 police_NN2 ,_, 
and_CC England_NP1 was_VBDZ introducing_VVG them_PPHO2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Despite_II politicians_NN2 '_GE promises_NN2 and_CC despite_II the_AT 
fact_NN1 that_CST the_AT First_MD World_NN1 War_NN1 was_VBDZ causing_VVG a_AT1 
shortage_NN1 of_IO male_JJ police_NN2 ,_, nothing_PN1 was_VBDZ done_VDN in_II 
New_NP Zealand_NP1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Attitudes_NN2 were_VBDR changing_VVG ,_, though_CS ,_, by_II 
the_AT mid_JJ 1920s_MC2 when_RRQ the_AT subject_NN1 was_VBDZ raised_VVN 
again_RT in_II Parliament_NNJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL More_DAR people_NN were_VBDR now_RT beginning_VVG to_TO see_VVI 
the_AT value_NN1 of_IO women_NN2 for_IF some_DD police_NN2 duties_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II 1938_MC Minister_NN1 of_IO Police_NN2 Peter_NP1 Fraser_NP1 
announced_VVD that_CST policewomen_NN2 would_VM be_VBI appointed_VVN as_RG 
soon_RR as_CSA possible_JJ and_CC the_AT Police_NN2 Force_NNJ Amendment_NN1 
Act_NN1 of_IO that_DD1 year_NNT1 allowed_VVN for_IF this_DD1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Although_CS recruitment_NN1 work_NN1 began_VVD in_II 1939_MC ,_, 
so_RG too_RR did_VDD World_NN1 War_NN1 *=_NULL II_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 meant_VVD further_JJR delays_NN2 and_CC it_PPH1 was_VBDZ 
not_XX until_II 1941_MC that_CST 10_MC policewomen_NN2 ,_, chosen_VVN from_II 
150_MC applicants_NN2 ,_, were_VBDR appointed_VVN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL They_PPHS2 received_VVD three_MC months_NNT2 '_GE training_NN1 
in_II legal_JJ subjects_NN2 and_CC general_JJ police_NN2 duties_NN2 at_II 
the_AT Wellington_NP1 South_NP Police_NP1 Training_NN1 School_NNL1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II October_NPM1 1941_MC the_AT first_MD New_NP Zealand_NP1 
policewomen_NN2 were_VBDR posted_VVN to_II the_AT four_MC main_JJ centres_NN2 
._. 

^ ^_NULL Attached_JJ to_II the_AT detective_NN1 branch_NN1 ,_, the_AT 
women_NN2 investigated_VVD offences_NN2 involving_VVG women_NN2 and_CC 
children_NN2 ,_, giving_VVG special_JJ attention_NN1 to_II the_AT problem_NN1 
of_IO young_JJ girls_NN2 out_RP late_RR at_II night_NNT1 ,_, apparently_RR 
without_IW parental_JJ supervision_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 ,_, of_RR21 course_RR22 ,_, was_VBDZ during_II the_AT 
war_NN1 years_NNT2 when_RRQ large_JJ numbers_NN2 of_IO soldiers_NN2 ,_, 
sailors_NN2 and_CC airmen_NN2 were_VBDR on_II leave_NN1 in_II the_AT main_JJ 
cities_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Teenage_JJ girls_NN2 in_RR21 particular_RR22 were_VBDR often_RR 
susceptible_JJ to_II the_AT glamour_NN1 and_CC romance_NN1 of_IO men_NN2 in_II 
uniform_NN1 *-_- and_CC to_II the_AT liquor_NN1 they_PPHS2 had_VHD with_IW 
them_PPHO2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL One_MC1 female_JJ constable_NN1 was_VBDZ put_VVN in_II31 charge_II32 
of_II33 a_AT1 camp_NN1 at_II Pokeno_NP1 which_DDQ housed_VVD Japanese_JJ 
women_NN2 and_CC children_NN2 brought_VVN to_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 after_II 
their_APPGE husbands_NN2 had_VHD been_VBN interned_VVN in_II the_AT 
Pacific_NP1 islands_NN2 in_II 1942_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL By_II 1944_MC the_AT number_NN1 of_IO policewomen_NN2 had_VHD 
grown_VVN to_II 33_MC ._. 

^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT first_MD women_NN2 
police_NN2 did_VDD not_XX wear_VVI uniforms_NN2 as_II the_AT Commissioners_NN2 
of_IO the_AT day_NNT1 ,_, the_AT Cummings_NP1 brothers_NN2 ,_, felt_VVD 
that_CST they_PPHS2 could_VM do_VDI their_APPGE job_NN1 more_RGR 
effectively_RR in_II plain_JJ clothes_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Uniformed_JJ women_NN2 did_VDD not_XX appear_VVI on_II the_AT 
beat_NN1 until_II 1952_MC ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Despite_II their_APPGE success_NN1 ,_, women_NN2 police_NN2 
were_VBDR ,_, until_CS 1946_MC ,_, employed_VVD only_RR as_CSA temporary_JJ 
constables_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ no_RR21 doubt_RR22 that_CST they_PPHS2 had_VHD to_TO 
put_VVI up_RP with_IW a_AT1 good_JJ deal_NN1 of_IO prejudice_NN1 from_II 
their_APPGE male_JJ colleagues_NN2 ,_, who_PNQS did_VDD not_XX believe_VVI 
that_CST women_NN2 could_VM participate_VVI properly_RR in_II many_DA2 
police_NN2 duties_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT women_NN2 were_VBDR also_RR paid_VVN less_RRR and_CC there_EX 
was_VBDZ a_AT1 negative_JJ attitude_NN1 towards_II promoting_VVG them_PPHO2 
above_II the_AT rank_NN1 of_IO constable_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Equal_JJ pay_NN1 legislation_NN1 passed_VVN in_II 1960_MC was_VBDZ 
not_XX put_VVN into_II the_AT Police_NN2 Amendment_NN1 Act_NN1 until_II 
1965_MC and_CC policewomen_NN2 only_RR received_VVN equal_JJ pay_NN1 in_II 
1966_MC ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT same_DA year_NNT1 Commissioner_NN1 Spencer_NP1 
ruled_VVD that_DD1 sex_NN1 was_VBDZ no_RR21 longer_RR22 to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 
factor_NN1 in_II delegating_VVG men_NN2 or_CC women_NN2 to_II particular_JJ 
police_NN2 duties_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Despite_II this_DD1 directive_NN1 ,_, however_RR ,_, some_DD 
police_NN2 districts_NN2 were_VBDR reluctant_JJ to_TO employ_VVI women_NN2 
fully_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT very_RG firm_JJ guidelines_NN2 laid_VVD down_RP by_II 
Commissioner_NN1 Sharp_NP1 in_II 1973_MC did_VDD eventually_RR see_VVI a_AT1 
large_JJ part_NN1 of_IO the_AT discrimination_NN1 disappear_VV0 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 increased_VVD the_AT number_NN1 of_IO policewomen_NN2 ,_, 
made_VVD it_PPH1 clear_VVI that_DD1 male_NN1 or_CC female_JJ {_NULL NCO_NP1 
}_NULL s_ZZ1 could_VM command_VVI police_NN2 tasks_NN2 and_CC instructed_VVD 
that_CST {_NULL NCO_NP1 }_NULL s_ZZ1 '_" and_CC officers_NN2 '_GE courses_NN2 
must_VM include_VVI material_NN1 on_II the_AT management_NN of_IO female_JJ 
personnel_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Today_RT there_EX is_VBZ full_JJ integration_NN1 of_IO 
male_NN1 and_CC female_JJ police_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL All_DB recruits_NN2 undergo_VV0 identical_JJ ,_, often_RR very_RG 
arduous_JJ ,_, training_VVG at_II the_AT Porirua_NP1 police_NN2 college_NN1 
and_CC there_EX is_VBZ much_RR greater_JJR acceptance_NN1 of_IO women_NN2 
in_II front_JJ line_NN1 operations_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Whether_CSW it_PPH1 is_VBZ controlling_VVG demonstrations_NN2 ,_, 
interviewing_VVG suspects_NN2 ,_, attending_VVG court_NN1 or_CC patrolling_VVG 
streets_NN2 in_II difficult_JJ areas_NN2 ,_, policewomen_NN2 are_VBR on_II 
the_AT job_NN1 ,_, sharing_VVG fully_RR in_II the_AT often_RR demanding_JJ 
work_NN1 that_CST is_VBZ the_AT lot_NN of_IO the_AT police_NN2 in_II the_AT 
1980s_MC2 ._. 

^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL *<_NULL *6_NULL SNIFFING_VVG THEM_PPHO2 OUT_RP 
*>_NULL 

^ *<_NULL *5_NULL Dogs_NN2 *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Dogs_NN2 have_VH0 always_RR been_VBN known_VVN and_CC 
valued_VVN for_IF their_APPGE innate_JJ ability_NN1 to_TO track_VVI humans_NN2 
and_CC animals_NN2 by_II smelling_VVG out_RP and_CC following_VVG their_APPGE 
particular_JJ scent_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 talent_NN1 made_VVD dogs_NN2 ideal_JJ for_IF police_NN2 
work_VV0 ;_; where_CS humans_NN2 would_VM have_VHI been_VBN forced_VVN to_TO 
abandon_VVI a_AT1 search_NN1 ,_, dogs_NN2 could_VM sniff_VVI out_RP a_AT1 
fugitive_NN1 and_CC bring_VVI him_PPHO1 to_II justice_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT growing_JJ success_NN1 of_IO police_NN2 dog_NN1 
operations_NN2 overseas_RL led_VVN to_II the_AT establishment_NN of_IO the_AT 
New_NP Zealand_NP1 Police_NN2 Dog_NN1 Unit_NN1 in_II 1956_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL Set_VVN up_RP at_II Trentham_NP1 Military_JJ Camp_NP1 ,_, the_AT 
unit_NN1 was_VBDZ under_II the_AT control_NN1 of_IO Constable_NP1 (_( 
later_RRR Sergeant_NN1 )_) {_NULL S._NP1 F._NP1 }_NULL Riley_NP1 ,_, an_AT1 
experienced_JJ dog_NN1 trainer_NN1 and_CC handler_NN1 from_II the_AT 
Surrey_NP1 Constabulary_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Riley_NP1 brought_VVD with_IW him_PPHO1 to_TO New_NP Zealand_NP1 
a_AT1 foundation_NN1 stock_NN1 of_IO Alsatian_JJ dogs_NN2 with_IW suitable_JJ 
blood_NN1 lines_NN2 ,_, and_CC these_DD2 four_MC dogs_NN2 and_CC 12_MC 
pups_NN2 were_VBDR the_AT beginning_NN1 of_IO the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 
Police_NN2 Kennels_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Training_VVG for_IF police_NN2 dogs_NN2 is_VBZ a_AT1 long_JJ 
process_NN1 during_II which_DDQ they_PPHS2 learn_VV0 to_TO track_VVI ,_, 
using_VVG a_AT1 ground_NN1 scent_NN1 ,_, and_CC to_TO *'_" speak_VVI **'_" (_( 
bark_NN1 )_) when_CS something_PN1 is_VBZ found_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 are_VBR taught_VVN to_TO chase_VVI and_CC hold_VVI 
suspects_NN2 but_CCB not_XX to_TO bite_VVI ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 also_RR learn_VV0 to_TO go_VVI into_II noisy_JJ and_CC 
sometimes_RT dangerous_JJ situations_NN2 ._. 

^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Police_NN2 Dog_NN1 Unit_NN1 
quickly_RR proved_VVD its_APPGE worth_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II one_MC1 of_IO their_APPGE first_MD successes_NN2 ,_, dogs_NN2 
followed_VVD the_AT trail_NN1 from_II a_AT1 breaking_JJ and_CC entering_VVG 
to_II the_AT offenders_NN2 '_GE home_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL On_II another_DD1 occasion_NN1 they_PPHS2 tracked_VVD an_AT1 
arson_NN1 suspect_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL By_II February_NPM1 1959_MC 12_MC dogs_NN2 had_VHD been_VBN 
trained_VVN and_CC sent_VVN out_RP to_II various_JJ districts_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL To_TO create_VVI confidence_NN1 in_II the_AT dogs_NN2 '_GE 
capabilities_NN2 ,_, the_AT animals_NN2 were_VBDR put_VVN through_II 
their_APPGE paces_NN2 at_II every_AT1 possible_JJ public_JJ venue_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL By_II this_DD1 time_NNT1 dogs_NN2 were_VBDR regularly_RR being_VBG 
taken_VVN on_RP patrol_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Hooligans_NN2 causing_VVG disturbances_NN2 on_II city_NN1 streets_NN2 
tended_VVD to_TO change_VVI their_APPGE minds_NN2 when_RRQ confronted_VVN 
by_II a_AT1 large_JJ Alsatian_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II just_RR over_RG three_MC years_NNT2 the_AT Dog_NN1 Unit_NN1 
had_VHD become_VVN an_AT1 accepted_JJ and_CC valuable_JJ part_NN1 of_IO 
police_NN2 work_VV0 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT kennels_NN2 were_VBDR providing_VVG a_AT1 growing_JJ 
pool_NN1 of_IO good_JJ Alsatians_NN2 of_IO the_AT right_JJ strain_NN1 and_CC 
temperament_NN1 ,_, but_CCB by_II 1963_MC the_AT danger_NN1 of_IO 
inbreeding_NN1 and_CC the_AT need_NN1 for_IF fresh_JJ blood_NN1 led_VVN to_II 
arrangements_NN2 to_TO import_VVI new_JJ Alsatians_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II 1967_MC New_NP Zealand_NP1 provided_VVD the_AT Papua_NP New_NP 
Guinea_NP1 Constabulary_NP1 with_IW dogs_NN2 and_CC training_VVG for_IF 
their_APPGE handlers_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT Fijian_JJ Police_NN2 later_RRR received_VVN similar_JJ 
assistance_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Labradors_NN2 made_VVD their_APPGE appearance_NN1 in_II the_AT 
Police_NN2 Dog_NN1 Unit_NN1 in_II 1975_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL Customs_NN2 Department_NNJ officers_NN2 used_VVD two_MC Labradors_NN2 
which_DDQ had_VHD been_VBN trained_VVN in_II narcotics_NN1 detection_NN1 
for_IF baggage_NN1 searches_VVZ at_II the_AT country_NN1 's_GE 
international_JJ airports_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL These_DD2 dogs_NN2 proved_VVD to_TO be_VBI very_RG valuable_JJ in_II 
their_APPGE sniffing_VVG out_RP tasks_NN2 and_CC more_DAR were_VBDR added_VVN 
to_TO spread_VVI the_AT work_NN1 load_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL When_CS the_AT Timaru_NP1 Dog_NN1 Unit_NN1 was_VBDZ set_VVN 
up_RP in_II 1976_MC all_DB 16_MC police_NN2 districts_NN2 had_VHD units_NN2 
and_CC 61_MC dogs_NN2 were_VBDR operational_JJ throughout_II the_AT 
country_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL By_II then_JJ dogs_NN2 were_VBDR being_VBG used_VVN in_RP over_RG 
10,000_MC incidents_NN2 each_DD1 year_NNT1 ,_, and_CC the_AT animals_NN2 '_GE 
involvement_NN1 meant_VVD that_CST more_RR21 than_RR22 2000_MC of_IO these_DD2 
were_VBDR satisfactorily_RR concluded_VVN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL After_CS their_APPGE success_NN1 in_II detecting_VVG drugs_NN2 
,_, police_NN2 dogs_NN2 were_VBDR trained_VVN to_TO detect_VVI explosives_NN2 
._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 use_NN1 of_IO dogs_NN2 was_VBDZ one_MC1 of_IO the_AT 
ways_NN2 in_II which_DDQ overseas_JJ {_NULL VIP_NN1 }_NULL s_ZZ1 visiting_VVG 
New_NP Zealand_NP1 could_VM be_VBI protected_VVN against_II possible_JJ 
bomb_NN1 attacks_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT work_NN1 undertaken_VVN by_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 's_GE 
police_NN2 dogs_NN2 continues_VVZ to_TO grow_VVI ._. 

^ ^_NULL From_II small_JJ beginnings_NN2 ,_, the_AT Police_NN2 Dog_NN1 
Unit_NN1 has_VHZ made_VVN remarkable_JJ progress_NN1 in_II its_APPGE 30_MC 
years_NNT2 of_IO operation_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT many_DA2 people_NN both_RR inside_RL and_CC outside_II the_AT 
police_NN2 who_PNQS ,_, in_II the_AT 1950s_MC2 ,_, doubted_VVD the_AT dogs_NN2 
'_GE ability_NN1 to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 valuable_JJ adjunct_NN1 to_II police_NN2 
work_VV0 have_VH0 been_VBN proved_VVN wrong_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Police_NN2 dogs_NN2 are_VBR now_RT seen_VVN as_CSA more_DAR than_CSN 
just_RR first_MD class_NN1 working_VVG animals_NN2 ;_; they_PPHS2 have_VH0 
become_VVN a_AT1 symbol_NN1 of_IO police_NN2 control_VV0 in_RP much_RR the_AT 
same_DA way_NN1 as_CSA mounted_JJ constables_NN2 did_VDD in_II the_AT 
1920s_MC2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Today_RT police_NN2 dogs_NN2 are_VBR used_VVN for_IF a_AT1 wide_JJ 
variety_NN1 of_IO tasks_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ include_VV0 trailing_VVG 
escapers_NN2 ,_, finding_VVG missing_JJ people_NN ,_, going_VVG on_II 
search_NN1 and_CC rescue_NN1 operations_NN2 ,_, helping_VVG the_AT Armed_JJ 
Offenders_NN2 Squads_NN2 to_TO arrest_VVI dangerous_JJ suspects_NN2 ,_, 
sniffing_VVG out_RP drugs_NN2 or_CC explosives_NN2 ,_, bailing_VVG up_RP 
unruly_JJ groups_NN2 or_CC intimidating_VVG those_DD2 creating_JJ unrest_NN1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ fitting_VVG that_CST ,_, in_II a_AT1 country_NN1 
whose_DDQGE rural_JJ economy_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN so_RG dependent_JJ on_II 
the_AT sheep_NN and_CC cattle_NN2 dog_NN1 ,_, his_APPGE police_NN2 
counterpart_VV0 has_VHZ proved_VVN his_APPGE worth_NN1 in_II the_AT 
preservation_NN1 of_IO justice_NN1 ._. 

^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL *<_NULL *6_NULL READY_JJ FOR_IF THE_AT WORST_JJT 
*>_NULL 

^ *<_NULL *5_NULL Armed_JJ Offenders_NN2 *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Unlike_II their_APPGE counterparts_NN2 in_II many_DA2 
other_JJ countries_NN2 ,_, the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 police_NN2 have_VH0 
managed_VVN to_TO avoid_VVI arming_VVG their_APPGE members_NN2 for_IF 
day-to-day_JJ duties_NN2 ,_, but_CCB they_PPHS2 have_VH0 had_VHN to_TO 
devise_VVI a_AT1 way_NN1 to_TO deal_VVI with_IW armed_JJ law_NN1 breakers_NN2 
._. 

^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 174+TEXT+F31_FO **]_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *6_NULL THE_AT MOST_RGT COMMON_JJ DEFINITION_NN1 *0_NULL of_IO 
noise_NN1 is_VBZ that_CST it_PPH1 is_VBZ unwanted_JJ sound_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Every_AT1 day_NNT1 ,_, it_PPH1 intrudes_VVZ on_II our_APPGE lives_NN2 
._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 may_VM be_VBI obvious_JJ ,_, loud_JJ noise_NN1 like_II the_AT 
sounds_NN2 of_IO traffic_NN1 ,_, or_CC jets_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Or_CC it_PPH1 may_VM be_VBI more_RGR subtle_JJ ,_, such_II21 as_II22 
the_AT dripping_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 tap_NN1 when_CS you_PPY are_VBR trying_VVG 
to_TO get_VVI to_TO sleep_VVI ._. 

^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 tend_VV0 to_TO think_VVI of_IO noise_NN1 as_CSA just_RR 
a_AT1 nuisance_NN1 ,_, but_CCB it_PPH1 can_VM be_VBI more_RRR than_CSN 
that_DD1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II this_DD1 report_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 look_VV0 at_II noise_NN1 
and_CC its_APPGE harmful_JJ effects_NN2 and_CC at_II how_RRQ *-_- and_CC 
when_CS *-_- you_PPY should_VM protect_VVI yourself_PPX1 against_II it_PPH1 
._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL A_AT1 long_JJ time_NNT1 ago_RA ,_, the_AT loudest_JJT 
sounds_NN2 people_NN were_VBDR likely_JJ to_TO hear_VVI for_IF any_DD 
length_NN1 of_IO time_NNT1 were_VBDR their_APPGE own_DA voices_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT loudest_JJT periodic_JJ sound_NN1 was_VBDZ probably_RR 
thunder_VV0 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT growth_NN1 of_IO cities_NN2 and_CC technology_NN1 brought_VVD 
many_DA2 more_DAR sources_NN2 of_IO noise_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Every_AT1 year_NNT1 there_EX are_VBR more_DAR of_IO them_PPHO2 *-_- 
more_DAR cars_NN2 ,_, more_DAR planes_NN2 ,_, more_DAR lawnmowers_NN2 ,_, 
more_RGR electric_JJ tools_NN2 ,_, and_RR31 so_RR32 on_RR33 ._. 

^ ^_NULL All_DB around_II us_PPIO2 are_VBR many_DA2 different_JJ sounds_NN2 
that_CST ears_NN2 are_VBR not_XX designed_VVN to_TO withstand_VVI or_CC 
shut_VVD out_RP ._. 

^ ^_NULL Noise_NN1 has_VHZ become_VVN a_AT1 form_NN1 of_IO pollution_NN1 ,_, 
and_CC hearing_NN1 has_VHZ become_VVN the_AT sense_NN1 most_RGT often_RR 
and_CC easily_RR damaged_VVD ._. 

^ *<_NULL *6_NULL HOW_RRQ NOISE_NN1 AFFECTS_VVZ US_PPIO2 *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Noise_NN1 affects_NN2 people_NN both_RR physically_RR 
and_CC psychologically_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 annoys_VVZ ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 can_VM be_VBI tiring_VVG and_CC distracting_VVG ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 may_VM disrupt_VVI sleep_NN1 and_CC cause_VVI nervous_JJ 
tension_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 makes_VVZ people_NN less_RGR efficient_JJ and_CC less_RGR 
alert_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II a_AT1 noisy_JJ environment_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ hard_JJ to_TO 
hear_VVI people_NN talk_NN1 and_CC ,_, in_II some_DD situations_NN2 ,_, 
this_DD1 can_VM increase_VVI the_AT risk_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 accident_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Headaches_NP1 ,_, increased_JJ blood_NN1 pressure_NN1 ,_, 
instability_NN1 and_CC ulcers_NN2 have_VH0 all_RR been_VBN linked_VVN with_IW 
exposure_NN1 to_II loud_JJ noise_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB the_AT main_JJ physical_JJ effect_NN1 of_IO noise_NN1 is_VBZ 
that_CST it_PPH1 can_VM cause_VVI deafness_NN1 ._. 

^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Without_IW these_DD2 cells_NN2 *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Inside_II the_AT ear_NN1 are_VBR some_RR 
15-20,000_MCMC hearing_NN1 cells_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Vibrations_NN2 ,_, produced_VVN by_II sound_NN1 waves_NN2 ,_, 
travel_NN1 through_II the_AT ear_NN1 to_TO reach_VVI the_AT hearing_NN1 
cells_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ respond_VV0 to_II different_JJ frequencies_NN2 ._. 

^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL Those_DD2 that_CST respond_VV0 to_II 
higher_JJR pitched_JJ sounds_NN2 are_VBR the_AT most_RGT sensitive_JJ ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Without_IW these_DD2 cells_NN2 ,_, no_AT message_NN1 would_VM 
reach_VVI the_AT brain_NN1 ,_, and_CC no_AT sound_NN1 would_VM be_VBI 
heard_VVN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Repeated_JJ exposure_NN1 to_II too_RG much_DA1 noise_NN1 
can_VM result_VVI in_II the_AT hearing_NN1 cells_NN2 becoming_VVG tired_JJ 
so_CS21 that_CS22 for_IF a_AT1 short_JJ while_NNT1 they_PPHS2 are_VBR 
unable_JJ to_TO do_VDI their_APPGE job_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL You_PPY may_VM experience_VVI this_DD1 as_II a_ZZ1 ringing_VVG in_II 
the_AT ears_NN2 or_CC a_AT1 temporary_JJ dulling_NN1 of_IO hearing_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB if_CS the_AT strain_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX too_RG great_JJ ,_, 
the_AT cells_NN2 recover_VV0 and_CC hearing_NN1 *"_" bounces_VVZ back_RP ._. 
**"_" 

^ *<_NULL *4_NULL You_PPY go_VV0 deaf_JJ *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL If_CS the_AT strain_NN1 is_VBZ repeated_JJ day_NNT1 
after_II day_NNT1 ,_, the_AT hearing_NN1 cells_NN2 lose_VVI their_APPGE 
ability_NN1 to_TO recover_VVI ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT louder_JJR the_AT noise_NN1 ,_, the_AT shorter_JJR daily_JJ 
exposure_NN1 need_VM be_VBI before_II this_DD1 occurs_VVZ ._. 

^ ^_NULL There_EX are_VBR usually_RR no_AT obvious_JJ signs_NN2 of_IO what_DDQ 
has_VHZ happened_VVN ,_, though_CS there_EX may_VM be_VBI a_AT1 slight_JJ 
muffling_NN1 of_IO sound_NN1 and_CC a_ZZ1 ringing_VVG in_II the_AT ears_NN2 
._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB sounds_NN2 have_VH0 to_TO be_VBI louder_JJR to_TO be_VBI 
heard_VVN ,_, and_CC very_RG high_JJ sounds_NN2 may_VM be_VBI lost_VVN 
altogether_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL At_RR21 first_RR22 ,_, some_DD of_IO the_AT consonants_NN2 
disappear_VV0 and_CC understanding_VVG conversation_NN1 in_II loud_JJ 
background_NN1 noise_NN1 becomes_VVZ difficult_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL As_CSA more_DAR of_IO the_AT speech_NN1 range_NN1 becomes_VVZ 
affected_VVN ,_, even_RR with_IW quiet_JJ background_NN1 noise_NN1 ,_, 
speech_NN1 appears_VVZ to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 mumble_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Noise-induced_JJ deafness_NN1 does_VDZ not_XX mean_VVI 
silence_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 introduces_VVZ the_AT person_NN1 into_II a_AT1 world_NN1 
where_RRQ familiar_JJ voices_NN2 and_CC sounds_NN2 become_VV0 jumbled_VVN 
and_CC distorted_VVN ,_, and_CC where_RRQ quiet_JJ moments_NN2 of_IO the_AT 
day_NNT1 may_VM be_VBI disturbed_VVN by_II an_AT1 incessant_JJ ringing_NN1 
and_CC buzzing_VVG in_II the_AT ears_NN2 from_II which_DDQ there_EX is_VBZ 
no_AT escape_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ no_AT cure_NN1 for_IF noise-induced_JJ deafness_NN1 
._. 

^ *<_NULL *4_NULL What_DDQ ears_NN2 are_VBR for_IF *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Hearing_NN1 ,_, in_II combination_NN1 with_IW 
speech_NN1 ,_, allows_VVZ us_PPIO2 to_TO communicate_VVI with_IW each_PPX221 
other_PPX222 and_CC to_TO learn_VVI ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ our_APPGE most_RGT sensitive_JJ warning_NN1 system_NN1 
,_, responsive_JJ whether_CSW we_PPIS2 are_VBR awake_JJ or_CC asleep_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Through_II hearing_NN1 we_PPIS2 gain_VVI pleasure_NN1 ,_, from_II 
music_NN1 and_CC leisure_NN1 time_NNT1 activities_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Hearing_NN1 is_VBZ worth_II preserving_VVG ,_, and_CC this_DD1 
means_VVZ protecting_VVG ourselves_PPX2 from_II the_AT harmful_JJ effects_NN2 
of_IO noise_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ difficult_JJ to_TO say_VVI exactly_RR when_RRQ 
or_CC what_DDQ noise_NN1 will_VM be_VBI harmful_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Everyone_PN1 is_VBZ affected_VVN by_II noise_NN1 to_II some_DD 
extent_NN1 ,_, depending_II21 on_II22 factors_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 its_APPGE 
pitch_NN1 and_CC loudness_NN1 ,_, how_RGQ long_RR it_PPH1 lasts_VVZ ,_, 
how_RRQ close_VV0 it_PPH1 is_VBZ and_CC the_AT surroundings_NN2 in_II 
which_DDQ you_PPY hear_VV0 it_PPH1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB everyone_PN1 reacts_VVZ to_II it_PPH1 in_II their_APPGE 
own_DA individual_JJ ways_NN2 ._. 

^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Sensitivity_NP1 to_II noise_NN1 
varies_VVZ from_II person_NN1 to_II person_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Some_DD people_NN are_VBR *"_" noise-sensitive_JJ **"_" ,_, so_CS21 
that_CS22 they_PPHS2 are_VBR irritated_VVN or_CC distressed_VVD by_II 
noise_NN1 that_CST others_NN2 barely_RR notice_VV0 ._. 

^ ^_NULL As_RR21 well_RR22 ,_, people_NN can_VM be_VBI annoyed_VVN by_II 
one_MC1 noise_NN1 but_CCB not_XX by_II another_DD1 which_DDQ is_VBZ equally_RR 
loud_JJ and_CC long_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL And_CC ,_, of_RR21 course_RR22 ,_, people_NN differ_VV0 in_II 
their_APPGE judgements_NN2 of_IO what_DDQ ,_, actually_RR ,_, is_VBZ noise_NN1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT trannie_NN1 ,_, blaring_VVG sports_NN2 results_VVZ into_II 
the_AT quiet_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 Sunday_NPD1 afternoon_NNT1 ,_, produces_VVZ 
music_NN1 to_II the_AT ears_NN2 of_IO some_DD ,_, unwanted_JJ sound_NN1 to_II 
others_NN2 ._. 

^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Noise_NN1 *-_- the_AT law_NN1 *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL New_NP Zealand_NP1 has_VHZ laws_NN2 that_CST deal_VV0 
with_IW the_AT problem_NN1 of_IO noise_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Among_II these_DD2 is_VBZ the_AT Noise_NN1 Control_NN1 Act_NN1 
1982_MC ,_, which_DDQ makes_VVZ *"_" unreasonable_JJ **"_" and_CC *"_" 
excessive_JJ **"_" noise_NN1 an_AT1 offence_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Local_NN1 authorities_NN2 have_VH0 noise_NN1 control_NN1 officers_NN2 
,_, appointed_VVD to_TO receive_VVI complaints_NN2 about_II noise_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Anyone_PN1 is_VBZ free_JJ to_TO make_VVI a_AT1 complaint_NN1 to_II 
their_APPGE local_JJ noise_NN1 control_NN1 officer_NN1 ,_, who_PNQS will_VM 
then_RT decide_VVI whether_CSW the_AT noise_NN1 is_VBZ reasonable_JJ ,_, 
unreasonable_JJ ,_, or_CC excessive_JJ ,_, and_CC take_VV0 action_NN1 
accordingly_RR ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Factories_NN2 and_CC Commercial_JJ Premises_NN2 Act_VV0 
1981_MC requires_VVZ employers_NN2 to_TO protect_VVI their_APPGE workers_NN2 
from_II noise_NN1 levels_NN2 likely_JJ to_TO harm_VVI their_APPGE hearing_NN1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT maximum_JJ level_NN1 of_IO noise_NN1 to_II which_DDQ a_AT1 
worker_NN1 without_IW hearing_VVG protection_NN1 can_VM be_VBI exposed_VVN 
for_IF eight_MC hours_NNT2 a_AT1 day_NNT1 ,_, five_MC days_NNT2 a_AT1 
week_NNT1 ,_, is_VBZ 85_MC \_NULL dB_NNU ._. 

^ ^_NULL Each_DD1 time_NNT1 the_AT sound_NN1 energy_NN1 doubles_NN2 *-_- 
represented_VVN by_II an_AT1 increase_NN1 of_IO three_MC on_II the_AT 
decibel_NN1 scale_NN1 *-_- **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL the_AT allowable_JJ 
daily_JJ exposure_NN1 time_NNT1 is_VBZ halved_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL So_RR ,_, a_AT1 person_NN1 should_VM work_VVI in_II sound_NN1 
levels_NN2 of_IO 88_MC \_NULL dB_NNU for_IF only_RR four_MC hours_NNT2 a_AT1 
day_NNT1 ,_, in_II 91_MC \_NULL dB_NNU for_IF two_MC hours_NNT2 a_AT1 day_NNT1 
,_, and_RR31 so_RR32 on_RR33 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Where_CS it_PPH1 is_VBZ not_XX possible_JJ to_TO keep_VVI within_II 
these_DD2 limits_NN2 ,_, the_AT employer_NN1 is_VBZ obliged_VVN to_TO 
provide_VVI workers_NN2 with_IW hearing_VVG protection_NN1 devices_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL If_CS you_PPY think_VV0 your_APPGE workplace_NN1 is_VBZ too_RG 
noisy_JJ ,_, you_PPY should_VM find_VVI out_RP from_II your_APPGE employer_NN1 
whether_CSW ear_NN1 protection_NN1 is_VBZ available_JJ and_CC whether_CSW 
noise_NN1 levels_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN checked_VVN by_II the_AT Department_NNJ 
of_IO Health_NN1 ._. 

^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Noise_NN1 at_II home_NN1 *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT law_NN1 ensures_VVZ that_CST ears_NN2 are_VBR 
protected_VVN in_II the_AT workplace_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB once_CS we_PPIS2 get_VV0 home_RL it_PPH1 is_VBZ up_II21 
to_II22 us_PPIO2 to_TO look_VVI after_II them_PPHO2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL At_II home_NN1 ,_, with_IW our_APPGE enthusiasm_NN1 for_IF 
do-it-yourself_JJ activities_NN2 and_CC other_JJ loud_JJ pastimes_NN2 ,_, 
we_PPIS2 are_VBR a_AT1 noisy_JJ people_NN ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB we_PPIS2 may_VM not_XX realise_VVI that_CST the_AT 
equipment_NN1 we_PPIS2 use_VV0 around_II the_AT house_NN1 ,_, the_AT 
garden_NN1 ,_, and_CC in_II recreational_JJ pursuits_NN2 ,_, can_VM be_VBI 
loud_RR enough_RR to_TO damage_VVI hearing_VVG ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ true_JJ even_CS21 though_CS22 we_PPIS2 may_VM be_VBI 
exposed_VVN to_II it_PPH1 for_IF only_RR a_AT1 few_DA2 hours_NNT2 every_AT1 
now_RT and_CC then_RT ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL We_PPIS2 collected_VVD the_AT sound_NN1 levels_NN2 of_IO 
some_DD common_JJ home_NN1 appliances_NN2 we_PPIS2 had_VHD tested_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL Generally_RR ,_, indoor_JJ appliances_NN2 produced_VVD noise_NN1 
at_II levels_NN2 that_CST would_VM be_VBI a_AT1 nuisance_NN1 rather_II21 
than_II22 a_AT1 hazard_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT possibility_NN1 of_IO hearing_VVG damage_NN1 begins_VVZ at_II 
85_MC \_NULL dB_NNU ._. 

^ ^_NULL Vacuum_NN1 cleaners_NN2 ,_, dishwashers_NN2 ,_, hairdryers_NN2 ,_, 
juicers_NN2 ,_, extractor_NN1 fans_NN2 ,_, and_RR31 so_RR32 on_RR33 ,_, 
were_VBDR all_DB much_RR quieter_JJR than_CSN that_DD1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT exceptions_NN2 were_VBDR waste_JJ disposal_NN1 units_NN2 ,_, 
which_DDQ ,_, when_CS grinding_VVG bones_NN2 ,_, produced_JJ noise_NN1 at_II 
an_AT1 average_JJ level_NN1 of_IO 90_MC \_NULL dB_NNU ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ very_RG loud_RR ,_, but_CCB unlikely_JJ to_TO be_VBI 
a_AT1 problem_NN1 as_CSA most_RRT people_NN do_VD0 not_XX use_VVI their_APPGE 
waste_NN1 disposal_NN1 units_NN2 for_IF more_DAR than_CSN a_DD221 few_DD222 
minutes_NNT2 every_AT1 now_RT and_CC then_RT ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL But_CCB if_CSW indoor_JJ appliances_NN2 are_VBR generally_RR 
safe_JJ ,_, for_IF the_AT gardener_NN1 and_CC do-it-yourselfer_NN1 there_EX 
can_VM be_VBI substantial_JJ risk_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Any_DD power_NN1 tool_NN1 ,_, whether_CSW powered_VVN by_II 
electricity_NN1 or_CC petrol_NN1 ,_, should_VM be_VBI used_VVN with_IW 
caution_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Our_APPGE measurements_NN2 found_VVD that_CST reel_VV0 mowers_NN2 
produced_VVD an_AT1 average_NN1 85_MC \_NULL dB_NNU ,_, rotary_JJ mowers_NN2 
91_MC \_NULL dB_NNU and_CC chainsaws_NN2 107_MC \_NULL dB_NNU ._. 

^ ^_NULL Department_NNJ of_IO Health_NN1 figures_NN2 put_VV0 the_AT maximum_JJ 
level_NN1 of_IO noise_NN1 produced_VVN by_II chainsaws_NN2 at_II 115_MC \_NULL 
dB_NNU *-_- which_DDQ can_VM damage_VVI hearing_VVG after_II 30_MC 
seconds_NNT2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT Department_NNJ of_IO Health_NN1 also_RR gives_VVZ sound_JJ 
levels_NN2 for_IF rotary_JJ hoes_NN2 and_CC power_NN1 tools_NN2 at_II 95_MC 
\_NULL dB_NNU and_CC 100_MC \_NULL dB_NNU respectively_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL If_CS exposure_NN1 to_II such_DA noise_NN1 levels_NN2 is_VBZ 
frequent_JJ or_CC prolonged_VVD ,_, hearing_NN1 will_VM be_VBI permanently_RR 
damaged_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL Any_DD amount_NN1 of_IO exposure_NN1 to_II noise_NN1 this_DD1 loud_RR 
will_VM probably_RR cause_VVI annoyance_NN1 ,_, stress_NN1 and_CC fatigue_NN1 
._. 

^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Combating_NP1 Noise_NN1 *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL There_EX are_VBR three_MC stages_NN2 at_II which_DDQ 
you_PPY can_VM tackle_VVI an_AT1 obtrusive_JJ noise_NN1 :_: at_II its_APPGE 
source_NN1 ,_, as_CSA it_PPH1 travels_VVZ along_II a_AT1 path_NN1 ,_, and_CC 
as_CSA it_PPH1 reaches_VVZ the_AT listener_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II the_AT home_NN1 ,_, you_PPY can_VM sometimes_RT 
begin_VVI by_II choosing_VVG the_AT quietest_JJT brand_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 
appliance_NN1 when_CS making_VVG your_APPGE selection_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Regular_JJ maintenance_NN1 of_IO appliances_NN2 and_CC equipment_NN1 
can_VM help_VVI keep_NN1 down_II noise_NN1 output_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Where_RRQ possible_JJ ,_, reduce_VV0 the_AT sound_NN1 close_RR to_II 
its_APPGE source_NN1 *-_- for_REX21 instance_REX22 ,_, place_NN1 foam_NN1 
mats_NN2 underneath_II blenders_NN2 and_CC food_NN1 processors_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Try_VV0 to_TO isolate_VVI the_AT noise_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL If_CS you_PPY can_VM ,_, keep_VV0 places_NN2 of_IO noisy_JJ 
activity_NN1 *-_- like_II the_AT laundry_NN1 or_CC the_AT workshop_NN1 *-_- 
well_RR away_II21 from_II22 sleeping_NN1 and_CC living_JJ areas_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Heavy_JJ drapes_NN2 over_II windows_NN2 will_VM help_VVI keep_VVI 
out_RP traffic_NN1 and_CC other_JJ external_JJ noise_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL If_CS a_AT1 loud_JJ noise_NN1 can_VM not_XX be_VBI 
quietened_VVN and_CC you_PPY have_VH0 to_TO be_VBI close_RR to_II it_PPH1 ,_, 
protect_VV0 your_APPGE ears_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Users_NN2 of_IO very_RG noisy_JJ equipment_NN1 such_II21 as_II22 
chainsaws_NN2 ,_, power_NN1 tools_NN2 ,_, mowers_NN2 and_RR31 so_RR32 on_RR33 
should_VM buy_VVI some_DD form_NN1 of_IO hearing_VVG protection_NN1 device_NN1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL So_RR ,_, too_RR ,_, should_VM people_NN who_PNQS do_VD0 a_AT1 lot_NN 
of_IO power-boating_NN1 ,_, go-karting_NN1 ,_, trail_NN1 bike_NN1 riding_VVG 
,_, shooting_VVG or_CC other_JJ noisy_JJ activities_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Firearms_NP1 ,_, especially_RR ,_, whether_CSW used_VVN in_II 
hunting_NN1 or_CC target_NN1 shooting_VVG are_VBR dangerous_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Gunfire_NP1 can_VM reach_VVI peaks_NN2 of_IO 160_MC \_NULL dB_NNU 
or_CC more_RRR ,_, and_CC at_II these_DD2 levels_NN2 hearing_VVG damage_NN1 
is_VBZ instantaneous_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL As_II a_AT1 general_JJ rule_NN1 of_IO thumb_NN1 ,_, if_CS the_AT 
noise_NN1 is_VBZ so_RG loud_JJ that_CST you_PPY have_VH0 to_TO shout_VVI to_TO 
be_VBI heard_VVN by_II someone_PN1 less_DAR than_CSN a_AT1 metre_NNU1 away_RL 
,_, your_APPGE ears_NN2 need_VV0 protection_NN1 ._. 

^ *<_NULL *6_NULL HEARING_VVG PROTECTION_NN1 DEVICES_NN2 *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL There_EX are_VBR two_MC forms_NN2 of_IO hearing_VVG 
protection_NN1 device_NN1 :_: ear_NN1 muffs_NN2 and_CC ear_NN1 plugs_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Generally_RR ,_, you_PPY can_VM find_VVI a_AT1 wide_JJ selection_NN1 
of_IO both_DB2 types_NN2 at_II safety_NN1 equipment_NN1 outlets_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Hardware_NN1 shops_NN2 usually_RR have_VH0 a_AT1 limited_JJ range_NN1 
of_IO ear_NN1 muffs_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Ear_NN1 plugs_NN2 and_CC sometimes_RT muffs_VVZ can_VM be_VBI 
bought_VVN at_II chemist_NN1 shops_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL When_CS deciding_VVG what_DDQ to_TO buy_VVI ,_, look_NN1 
first_MD for_CS a_AT1 device_NN1 that_CST is_VBZ graded_VVN with_IW a_AT1 
number_NN1 between_II one_MC1 and_CC five_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL With_IW muffs_NN2 ,_, this_DD1 grade_NN1 should_VM be_VBI printed_VVN 
on_II the_AT packet_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 may_VM be_VBI less_RGR obvious_JJ with_IW ear_NN1 plugs_NN2 
._. 

^ ^_NULL If_CS a_AT1 grade_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX marked_VVN on_II the_AT 
packet_NN1 or_CC shown_VVN by_II a_AT1 notice_NN1 on_II the_AT shelf_NN1 ,_, 
check_NN1 with_IW the_AT retailer_JJR that_CST it_PPH1 is_VBZ a_AT1 graded_JJ 
device_NN1 before_CS you_PPY buy_VV0 it_PPH1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL A_AT1 graded_JJ device_NN1 is_VBZ one_PN1 that_CST has_VHZ 
been_VBN tested_VVN and_CC approved_VVN by_II the_AT Department_NNJ of_IO 
Health_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT Department_NNJ gives_VVZ it_PPH1 a_AT1 number_NN1 to_TO 
indicate_VVI the_AT degree_NN1 of_IO protection_NN1 it_PPH1 affords_VVZ ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT higher_JJR the_AT number_NN1 ,_, the_AT greater_JJR the_AT 
protection_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Grade_NN1 1_MC1 devices_NN2 offer_VV0 protection_NN1 up_RG21 to_RG22 
91_MC \_NULL dB_NNU ,_, grade_NN1 2_MC to_II 97_MC \_NULL dB_NNU ,_, grade_NN1 
3_MC to_II 103_MC \_NULL dB_NNU ,_, grade_NN1 4_MC to_II 109_MC \_NULL dB_NNU 
and_CC grade_NN1 5_MC to_II 115_MC \_NULL dB_NNU ._. 

^ ^_NULL An_AT1 unapproved_JJ device_NN1 does_VDZ not_XX necessarily_RR 
provide_VVI poor_JJ protection_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB without_IW a_ZZ1 grade_VV0 you_PPY can_VM not_XX know_VVI 
whether_CSW the_AT protection_NN1 you_PPY are_VBR buying_VVG will_VM be_VBI 
adequate_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Some_DD ungraded_JJ devices_NN2 provide_VV0 hardly_RR any_DD 
protection_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Whether_CSW you_PPY buy_VV0 muffs_NN2 or_CC plugs_NN2 
depends_VVZ first_MD of_IO all_DB on_II how_RGQ much_DA1 protection_NN1 
you_PPY need_VV0 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Plugs_NN2 are_VBR approved_VVN only_RR up_RP to_TO grade_VVI 2_MC ,_, 
or_CC 97_MC \_NULL dB_NNU ._. 

^ ^_NULL Muffs_NN2 are_VBR available_JJ in_II all_DB grades_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL For_IF most_DAT occasional_JJ activities_NN2 around_II the_AT 
home_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 hearing_NN1 device_NN1 which_DDQ gives_VVZ grade_NN1 2_MC 
or_CC 3_MC protection_NN1 should_VM be_VBI sufficient_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Grades_NN2 4_MC or_CC 5_MC give_VV0 added_JJ protection_NN1 in_II 
situations_NN2 where_RRQ you_PPY are_VBR regularly_RR exposed_VVN to_II 
loud_JJ noises_NN2 for_RR21 long_RR22 periods_NN2 of_IO time_NNT1 *-_- 
for_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, if_CS you_PPY are_VBR building_VVG your_APPGE 
own_DA home_NN1 and_CC frequently_RR using_VVG power_NN1 tools_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Both_DB2 muffs_NN2 and_CC plugs_NN2 have_VH0 advantages_NN2 
and_CC disadvantages_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Ear_NN1 plugs_NN2 are_VBR small_JJ ,_, easily_RR carried_VVN and_CC 
much_RR cheaper_JJR than_CSN muffs_VVZ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Most_DAT of_IO those_DD2 we_PPIS2 looked_VVD at_II cost_NN1 under_II 
*+_NULL $5_NNU ,_, usually_RR for_IF a_AT1 packet_NN1 containing_VVG more_RR21 
than_RR22 one_MC1 pair_NN ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 can_VM be_VBI worn_VVN conveniently_RR with_IW other_JJ 
safety_NN1 equipment_NN1 ,_, and_CC are_VBR relatively_RR comfortable_JJ in_II 
the_AT heat_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL On_II the_AT negative_JJ side_NN1 ,_, they_PPHS2 are_VBR more_RGR 
difficult_JJ to_TO fit_VVI correctly_RR and_CC more_RGR prone_JJ to_II 
hygiene_NN1 problems_NN2 than_CSN muffs_VVZ ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT cheapest_JJT muffs_NN2 we_PPIS2 found_VVD cost_NN1 
around_II *+_NULL $15_NNU ._. 

^ ^_NULL Most_DAT were_VBDR in_II the_AT *+_NULL $20-_NNU *+_NULL $40_NNU 
price_NN1 range_NN1 ,_, and_CC some_DD cost_NN1 more_RRR ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB though_CS they_PPHS2 are_VBR more_RGR expensive_JJ than_CSN 
plugs_VVZ ,_, they_PPHS2 last_VV0 for_IF much_RR longer_RRR and_CC are_VBR 
less_RGR likely_JJ to_TO be_VBI lost_VVN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_RR21 general_RR22 ,_, muffs_NN2 offer_VV0 greater_JJR 
protection_NN1 than_CSN plugs_VVZ ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 can_VM be_VBI easily_RR and_CC hygienically_RR removed_VVN 
and_CC replaced_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II some_DD situations_NN2 ,_, they_PPHS2 may_VM be_VBI less_RGR 
convenient_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 are_VBR not_XX as_RG easy_JJ to_TO carry_VVI about_RP ,_, 
and_CC may_VM be_VBI uncomfortable_JJ in_II the_AT heat_NN1 or_CC in_II 
very_RG confined_JJ spaces_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 may_VM not_XX fit_VVI well_RR when_RRQ worn_VVN with_IW 
other_JJ safety_NN1 equipment_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT efficiency_NN1 of_IO both_DB2 plugs_NN2 and_CC 
muffs_NN2 depends_VVZ on_II your_APPGE using_VVG them_PPHO2 correctly_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL If_CS they_PPHS2 are_VBR not_XX a_AT1 good_JJ fit_NN1 ,_, they_PPHS2 
will_VM not_XX work_VVI well_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL Bad_JJ fitting_JJ plugs_NN2 may_VM not_XX work_VVI at_RR21 all_RR22 
._. 

^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 175+TEXT+F32_FO **]_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL A_AT1 friend_NN1 of_IO mine_PPGE ,_, desperate_JJ 
and_CC in_II pain_NN1 from_II cystitis_NN1 ,_, consulted_VVD her_APPGE 
doctor_NN1 ..._... 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 'm_VBM sorry_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 know_VV0 you_PPY do_VD0 n't_XX want_VVI anecdotes_NN2 ,_, 
you_PPY want_VV0 a_AT1 cure_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Right_RR *-_- take_VV0 10_MC mils_NN2 (_( two_MC teaspoonfuls_NNU2 
)_) of_IO \_NULL Mist_NN1 ._. 

^ \_NULL Pot_NN1 ._. 

^ \_NULL Cit._FW in_II half_DB a_AT1 tumbler_NN1 of_IO cold_JJ water_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Now_RT come_VV0 back_RP and_CC finish_NN1 reading_VVG this_DD1 
in_II twenty_MC minutes_NNT2 or_CC half_DB an_AT1 hour_NNT1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_RL !_! 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 's_VBZ amazing_JJ is_VBZ n't_XX it_PPH1 ?_? 

^ ^_NULL Just_RR remember_VV0 to_TO take_VVI some_DD more_DAR in_II two_MC 
or_CC three_MC hours_NNT2 ,_, sooner_RRR if_CS you_PPY like_VV0 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL As_CSA I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ saying_VVG ,_, this_DD1 friend_NN1 
of_IO mine_PPGE ,_, went_VVD to_TO see_VVI her_APPGE {_NULL GP_NN1 }_NULL 
with_IW tears_NN2 in_II her_APPGE eyes_NN2 *-_- she_PPHS1 'd_VHD just_RR 
been_VBN to_II the_AT loo_NN1 for_IF the_AT second_MD time_NNT1 in_II the_AT 
half_DB hour_NNT1 she_PPHS1 'd_VHD been_VBN in_II the_AT waiting_NN1 room_NN1 
..._... 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL All_DB this_DD1 doctor_NN1 said_VVD was_VBDZ *"_" ^_NULL 
Go_NN1 home_RL and_CC keep_VV0 warm_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Drink_NP1 plenty_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Come_VV0 back_RP next_MD week_NNT1 if_CS you_PPY 're_VBR no_AT 
better_JJR ._. 

^ ^_NULL Honeymoon_NN1 cystitis_NN1 ,_, **"_" he_PPHS1 said_VVD with_IW a_AT1 
faint_JJ smile_NN1 ,_, *"_" very_RG common_JJ with_IW some_DD of_IO you_PPY 
young_JJ ladies_NN2 I_PPIS1 'm_VBM afraid_JJ ._. **"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Feeling_VVG more_DAR like_II a_AT1 streetwalker_NN1 than_CSN 
a_AT1 lady_NN1 ,_, my_APPGE friend_NN1 paid_VVD another_DD1 agonising_JJ 
visit_NN1 to_II the_AT loo_NN1 before_II going_VVG home_RL to_TO carry_VVI 
out_RP doctor_NN1 's_VHZ orders_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL At_II the_AT end_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 unpleasant_JJ week_NNT1 of_IO 
pain_NN1 and_CC nausea_NN1 the_AT cystitis_NN1 had_VHD run_VVN its_APPGE 
course_NN1 *-_- for_IF the_AT moment_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 was_VBDZ better_JJR *-_- more_RRR or_CC less_RRR ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL This_DD1 happened_VVD a_DD221 few_DD222 years_NNT2 ago_RA ,_, 
I_PPIS1 'm_VBM glad_JJ to_TO say_VVI ._. 

^ ^_NULL Doctors_NN2 now_RT are_VBR more_RGR tactful_JJ and_CC 
understanding_VVG on_II the_AT whole_NN1 ,_, and_CC there_EX is_VBZ now_RT 
a_AT1 specific_JJ antibiotic_NN1 to_TO deal_VVI with_IW the_AT infection_NN1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 will_VM have_VHI the_AT problem_NN1 under_II control_NN1 
fairly_RR quickly_RR ,_, within_RL about_RG twenty-four_MC hours_NNT2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Pain_NN1 and_CC frequency_NN1 will_VM lessen_VVI ,_, and_CC after_CS 
about_RG three_MC days_NNT2 the_AT symptoms_NN2 should_VM have_VHI 
disappeared_VVN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Yet_RR there_EX are_VBR still_JJ women_NN2 out_RP there_RL 
with_IW cystitis_NN1 ,_, feeling_VVG ill_JJ ,_, depressed_JJ and_CC 
exhausted_VVD by_II pain_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 're_VBR tired_JJ of_IO making_VVG appointments_NN2 to_TO 
see_VVI their_APPGE doctors_NN2 who_PNQS may_VM be_VBI more_RGR sympathetic_JJ 
than_CSN they_PPHS2 used_VMK to_TO be_VBI ,_, but_CCB who_PNQS sometimes_RT 
still_RR behave_VV0 as_CS21 if_CS22 the_AT sufferers_NN2 are_VBR making_VVG 
a_AT1 fuss_NN1 about_II something_PN1 of_IO no_AT more_DAR importance_NN1 
than_CSN a_AT1 common_JJ cold_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL And_CC they_PPHS2 're_VBR tired_JJ of_IO collecting_VVG urine_NN1 
specimens_NN2 *-_- from_II which_DDQ activity_NN1 nothing_PN1 permanently_RR 
helpful_JJ seems_VVZ to_TO result_VVI ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL One_MC1 of_IO our_APPGE local_JJ papers_NN2 has_VHZ a_AT1 
medical_JJ column_NN1 ,_, usually_RR very_RG good_JJ ,_, written_VVN by_II 
a_AT1 general_JJ practitioner_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL A_AT1 little_JJ while_NNT1 ago_RA cystitis_NN1 was_VBDZ the_AT 
subject_NN1 dealt_VVN with_IW ._. 

^ ^_NULL After_CS a_AT1 description_NN1 of_IO symptoms_NN2 and_CC one_MC1 
or_CC two_MC vaguely_RR helpful_JJ suggestions_NN2 ,_, the_AT writer_NN1 
concluded_VVD that_DD1 cystitis_NN1 was_VBDZ just_RR one_MC1 more_DAR of_IO 
those_DD2 penalties_NN2 of_IO being_VBG a_AT1 woman_NN1 ,_, and_CC must_VM 
be_VBI borne_VVN philosophically_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL After_II reading_VVG that_CST all_DB I_PPIS1 could_VM say_VVI 
was_VBDZ that_CST he_PPHS1 would_VM write_VVI in_II a_AT1 different_JJ 
vein_NN1 if_CS he_PPHS1 had_VHD just_RR one_MC1 attack_NN1 of_IO cystitis_NN1 
himself_PPX1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL So_CS let_VM21 's_VM22 go_VVI back_RP to_II what_DDQ seems_VVZ 
to_II me_PPIO1 to_TO be_VBI little_RR short_JJ of_IO a_AT1 miracle_NN1 
cure_NN1 *-_- if_CSW used_VVN in_II the_AT right_JJ way_NN1 *-_- the_AT \_NULL 
Mist_NN1 ._. 

^ \_NULL Pot_NN1 ._. 

^ \_NULL Cit_FW ._. 

^ ^_NULL *'_" \_NULL Mist_NN1 ._. 

^ **'_" stands_NN2 for_IF mixture_NN1 ,_, *'_" \_NULL Pot_NN1 ._. 

^ **'_" for_IF potassium_NN1 ,_, *'_" \_NULL Cit_FW ._. 

^ **'_" for_IF citrate_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 potassium_NN1 citrate_JJ mixture_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 
bitter-tasting_JJ colourless_JJ fluid_NN1 that_CST is_VBZ available_JJ 
without_IW prescription_NN1 from_II many_DA2 ,_, not_XX all_DB ,_, 
chemists_NN2 ._. 

^ (_( ^_NULL So_CS you_PPY could_VM start_VVI right_RR now_RT ringing_VVG 
round_RP all_DB the_AT chemists_NN2 in_II your_APPGE neighbourhood_NN ._. 

^ ^_NULL If_CS they_PPHS2 do_VD0 n't_XX have_VHI it_PPH1 ask_VV0 whether_CSW 
they_PPHS2 'll_VM get_VVI it_PPH1 for_IF you_PPY ._. )_) 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ no_UH *'_" quack_UH **'_" cure_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ a_AT1 medicine_NN1 that_CST was_VBDZ prescribed_VVN 
by_II doctors_NN2 and_CC was_VBDZ given_VVN in_II hospitals_NN2 until_CS 
the_AT advent_NN1 of_IO antibiotics_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Many_DA2 chemists_NN2 no_RR21 longer_RR22 stock_VV0 it_PPH1 ,_, 
and_CC will_VM offer_VVI sachets_NN2 of_IO effervescent_JJ powder_NN1 
instead_RR ,_, which_DDQ ,_, they_PPHS2 say_VV0 ,_, are_VBR just_RR as_RG 
effective_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 doubt_VV0 if_CS they_PPHS2 know_VV0 this_DD1 from_II 
experience_NN1 *-_- it_PPH1 is_VBZ not_XX so_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT sachets_NN2 have_VH0 their_APPGE uses_NN2 ,_, however_RR ,_, 
so_CS we_PPIS2 'll_VM come_VVI back_RP to_II them_PPHO2 later_RRR ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL When_CS you_PPY track_VV0 down_RP the_AT \_NULL Mist_NN1 ._. 

^ \_NULL Pot_NN1 ._. 

^ \_NULL Cit._FW buy_VV0 a_AT1 big_JJ bottle_NN1 *-_- say_VV0 about_RG 250_MC 
mils_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 will_VM cost_VVI a_PN21 lot_PN22 less_RRR than_CSN the_AT 
sachets_NN2 and_CC wo_VM n't_XX deteriorate_VVI with_IW time_NNT1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 's_VBZ something_PN1 you_PPY 'll_VM always_RR want_VVI to_TO 
have_VHI available_JJ ,_, and_CC you_PPY never_RR know_VV0 when_RRQ most_DAT 
of_IO the_AT chemists_NN2 will_VM opt_VVI for_IF the_AT convenience_NN1 of_IO 
selling_VVG a_AT1 neat_JJ box_NN1 of_IO sachets_NN2 instead_II21 of_II22 
dealing_VVG with_IW the_AT messy_JJ business_NN1 of_IO measuring_VVG 
medicine_NN1 into_II a_AT1 bottle_NN1 which_DDQ must_VM then_RT be_VBI 
labelled_VVN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Now_RT you_PPY have_VH0 your_APPGE magic_JJ elixir_NN1 
take_VV0 two_MC teaspoonfuls_NNU2 in_II water_NN1 every_AT1 four_MC hours_NNT2 
,_, or_CC ,_, as_CSA I_PPIS1 said_VVD before_RT ,_, more_RGR often_RR if_CS 
you_PPY are_VBR in_II any_DD discomfort_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL One_MC1 evening_NNT1 I_PPIS1 suspected_VVD I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ 
in_RP for_IF an_AT1 attack_NN1 of_IO cystitis_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ running_VVG to_II the_AT loo_NN1 every_AT1 hour_NNT1 
or_CC so_CS ,_, but_CCB my_APPGE \_NULL Pot_NN1 ._. 

^ \_NULL Cit._FW bottle_NN1 was_VBDZ empty_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL By_II morning_NNT1 I_PPIS1 was_VBDZ feeling_VVG really_RR ill_JJ 
and_CC did_VDD n't_XX think_VVI I_ZZ1 'd_VM be_VBI able_JJ to_TO go_VVI to_TO 
work_VVI ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB I_PPIS1 started_VVD out_RP and_CC on_II the_AT way_NN1 
called_VVN at_II the_AT chemist_NN1 to_TO buy_VVI some_DD more_DAR of_IO 
the_AT medicine_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL To_II the_AT assistant_NN1 's_VBZ surprise_NN1 I_PPIS1 asked_VVD 
for_IF a_AT1 glass_NN1 of_IO water_NN1 so_CS21 that_CS22 I_PPIS1 could_VM 
take_VVI a_AT1 dose_NN1 right_RR there_RL and_CC then_RT ._. 

^ ^_NULL At_II morning_NNT1 tea_NN1 time_NNT1 I_PPIS1 took_VVD another_DD1 
couple_NN1 of_IO teaspoonfuls_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL By_II lunch_NN1 time_NNT1 I_PPIS1 felt_VVD so_RG much_RR better_RRR 
that_CST I_PPIS1 almost_RR forgot_VVD to_TO take_VVI another_DD1 dose_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL A_AT1 friend_NN1 who_PNQS had_VHD suffered_VVN miserably_RR 
from_II recurrent_JJ cystitis_NN1 over_II several_DA2 years_NNT2 rang_VVD 
me_PPIO1 in_II despair_NN1 one_MC1 morning_NNT1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 gave_VVD her_PPHO1 my_APPGE precious_JJ bottle_NN1 of_IO 
\_NULL Pot_NN1 ._. 

^ \_NULL Cit_FW ._. 

^ ^_NULL Now_RT ,_, although_CS she_PPHS1 occasionally_RR suspects_VVZ 
she_PPHS1 might_VM be_VBI in_RP for_IF another_DD1 attack_NN1 ,_, a_DD221 
few_DD222 doses_NN2 of_IO \_NULL Pot_NN1 ._. 

^ \_NULL Cit._FW deal_NN1 with_IW the_AT problem_NN1 in_II a_DD221 few_DD222 
hours_NNT2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Now_RT many_DA2 doctors_NN2 will_VM say_VVI that_CST this_DD1 
does_VDZ not_XX *1_NULL cure_VVI *0_NULL the_AT cystitis_NN1 ,_, just_RR 
temporarily_RR alleviates_VVZ it_PPH1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 may_VM be_VBI true_JJ ,_, but_CCB ,_, unhappily_RR ,_, 
that_DD1 is_VBZ also_RR the_AT case_NN1 with_IW antibiotics_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 may_VM destroy_VVI the_AT bacteria_NN2 for_RT41 the_RT42 
time_RT43 being_RT44 ,_, but_CCB most_DAT women_NN2 know_VV0 from_II 
experience_NN1 that_CST it_PPH1 is_VBZ not_XX a_AT1 permanent_JJ cure_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Certainly_RR ,_, if_CS someone_PN1 with_IW cystitis_NN1 feels_VVZ 
safer_RRR taking_VVG medically_RR prescribed_JJ antibiotics_NN2 ,_, that_DD1 
's_VBZ fine_JJ ._. 

^ \_NULL Mist_NN1 ._. 

^ \_NULL Pot_NN1 ._. 

^ \_NULL Cit._FW may_VM still_RR be_VBI taken_VVN to_TO relieve_VVI pain_NN1 
and_CC frequency_NN1 ,_, there_EX will_VM be_VBI no_AT harm_NN1 done_VDN 
at_RR21 all_RR22 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Just_RR any_DD old_JJ antibiotics_NN2 you_PPY have_VH0 around_II 
the_AT house_NN1 ,_, from_II last_MD winter_NNT1 's_GE flu_NN1 ,_, perhaps_RR 
,_, wo_VM n't_XX do_VDI ,_, of_RR21 course_RR22 ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 must_VM be_VBI the_AT specific_JJ antibiotic_NN1 for_IF 
cystitis_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL There_EX are_VBR some_DD unfortunate_JJ people_NN for_IF whom_PNQO 
the_AT reaction_NN1 to_II the_AT antibiotic_NN1 seems_VVZ as_RG unpleasant_JJ 
as_CSA the_AT complaint_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL For_IF them_PPHO2 ,_, \_NULL Mist_NN1 ._. 

^ \_NULL Pot_NN1 ._. 

^ \_NULL Cit._FW would_VM seem_VVI to_TO be_VBI the_AT ideal_JJ answer_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL \_NULL Mist_NN1 ._. 

^ \_NULL Pot_NN1 ._. 

^ \_NULL Cit._FW ,_, in_II31 spite_II32 of_II33 my_APPGE glowing_JJ 
recommendation_NN1 ,_, is_VBZ not_XX the_AT only_JJ weapon_NN1 against_II 
cystitis_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Prevention_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT best_JJT of_IO all_DB ._. 

^ ^_NULL Sometimes_RT ,_, if_CS it_PPH1 occurs_VVZ with_IW other_JJ 
complaints_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 influenza_NN1 ,_, there_EX 's_VBZ no_AT 
way_NN1 of_IO insuring_VVG against_II it_PPH1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL If_CS it_PPH1 is_VBZ the_AT *'_" honeymoon_NN1 **'_" type_NN1 *-_- 
the_AT result_NN1 of_IO sexual_JJ intercourse_NN1 *-_- there_EX 's_VBZ a_AT1 
solution_NN1 put_VVN forward_RL by_II the_AT doctor_NN1 in_II his_APPGE 
column_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 suggested_VVD that_CST women_NN2 should_VM get_VVI up_RP 
and_CC pass_NN1 urine_NN1 immediately_RR after_II intercourse_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ unwise_JJ to_TO spend_VVI several_DA2 hours_NNT2 
with_IW a_AT1 bladder_NN1 partially_RR full_JJ of_IO urine_NN1 where_RRQ 
germs_NN2 might_VM multiply_VVI ._. 

^ ^_NULL Another_DD1 doctor_NN1 says_VVZ frequent_JJ sufferers_NN2 may_VM 
need_VVI to_TO use_VVI an_AT1 antiseptic_JJ cream_NN1 around_II the_AT 
urethra_NN1 or_CC even_RR take_VV0 a_AT1 single_JJ antibiotic_NN1 pill_NN1 
after_II intercourse_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL But_CCB there_EX are_VBR other_JJ ways_NN2 that_CST will_VM 
help_VVI to_TO avoid_VVI attacks_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II warm_JJ weather_NN1 ,_, particularly_RR ,_, avoid_VV0 
tight_JJ underwear_NN1 ,_, tight_JJ jeans_NN2 or_CC trousers_NN2 ,_, even_RR 
pantihose_VV0 if_CS possible_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Germs_NN2 flourish_VV0 in_II moist_JJ warmth_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Even_RR in_II cold_JJ weather_NN1 someone_PN1 sitting_VVG at_II a_AT1 
desk_NN1 all_DB day_NNT1 ,_, for_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, in_II briefs_NN2 
and_CC pantihose_NN1 (_( and_CC other_JJ garments_NN2 !_! )_) will_VM 
produce_VVI perfect_JJ conditions_NN2 for_IF bacteria_NN2 to_TO multiply_VVI 
._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT newly_RR fashionable_JJ *'_" French_JJ knickers_NN2 **'_" 
with_IW wide_JJ legs_NN2 worn_VVN with_IW stockings_NN2 are_VBR much_RR 
better_JJR clothing_NN1 for_IF those_DD2 of_IO us_PPIO2 liable_JJ to_II 
cystitis_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL You_PPY can_VM now_RT buy_VVI no-gusset_JJ pantihose_NN1 (_( 
Bonds_NP1 Sheer_JJ Freedom_NN1 )_) which_DDQ will_VM improve_VVI the_AT 
ventilation_NN1 problem_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Pantihose_NP1 with_IW cotton_NN1 gussets_NN2 are_VBR little_RR 
better_RRR than_CSN all-nylon_JJ ones_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Cotton_NP1 briefs_NN2 are_VBR better_RRR than_CSN nylon_NN1 ,_, 
but_CCB nylon_NN1 pantihose_NN1 over_II them_PPHO2 reduce_VV0 the_AT 
advantage_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT sanitary_JJ pads_NN2 advertised_VVD as_RG hygienic_JJ 
wear_NN1 between_II periods_NN2 might_VM be_VBI \_NULL OK_JJ for_IF 
someone_PN1 who_PNQS never_RR suffers_VVZ from_II cystitis_NN1 ,_, but_CCB 
they_PPHS2 are_VBR not_XX for_IF you_PPY ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL When_CS travelling_VVG ,_, particularly_RR on_II long_JJ 
journeys_NN2 ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ important_JJ to_TO wear_VVI the_AT coolest_JJT 
loosest-fitting_JJT underwear_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Hours_NNT2 sitting_VVG in_II a_AT1 car_NN1 or_CC plane_NN1 will_VM 
give_VVI those_DD2 bacteria_NN2 a_AT1 great_JJ opportunity_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ the_AT time_NNT1 when_RRQ the_AT sachets_NN2 I_PPIS1 
mentioned_VVD are_VBR very_RG useful_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 's_VBZ a_AT1 good_JJ idea_NN1 to_TO keep_VVI a_DD221 
few_DD222 in_II pocket_NN1 or_CC handbag_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Although_CS they_PPHS2 're_VBR not_XX as_RR31 good_RR32 as_RR33 
\_NULL Pot_VV0 ._. 

^ \_NULL Cit._FW they_PPHS2 are_VBR far_RG21 from_RG22 useless_JJ ,_, 
particularly_RR when_RRQ taken_VVN early_RR enough_RR ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ one_MC1 of_IO the_AT big_JJ secrets_NN2 in_II 
beating_VVG cystitis_NN1 *-_- catch_VV0 it_PPH1 early_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL If_CS you_PPY have_VH0 the_AT slightest_JJT suspicion_NN1 that_CST 
you_PPY just_RR *1_NULL might_VM *0_NULL be_VBI in_RP for_IF an_AT1 attack_NN1 
take_VV0 one_MC1 of_IO the_AT sachets_NN2 (_( or_CC ,_, of_RR21 course_RR22 
,_, \_NULL Pot_NN1 ._. 

^ \_NULL Cit._FW )_) in_II a_AT1 glass_NN1 of_IO water_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Do_VD0 n't_XX just_RR hope_VVI madly_RR that_CST it_PPH1 will_VM 
come_VVI to_II nothing_PN1 *-_- do_VD0 something_PN1 about_II it_PPH1 
straight_RR away_RR ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Drink_NN1 plenty_PN of_IO water_NN1 and_CC fruit_NN juice_NN1 
,_, avoid_VV0 sugar_NN1 ,_, cakes_NN2 ,_, and_CC biscuits_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Avoid_VV0 coffee_NN1 ,_, be_VBI careful_JJ about_II tea_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Failing_VVG all_DB else_RR *-_- if_CSW marooned_JJ without_IW 
\_NULL Pot_NN1 ._. 

^ \_NULL Cit._FW ,_, sachets_NN2 ,_, or_CC doctor_NN1 ,_, try_VV0 half_DB 
a_AT1 teaspoonful_NN1 of_IO soda_NN1 bicarbonate_NN1 in_II water_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL And_CC there_EX 's_VBZ always_RR the_AT old-fashioned_JJ *'_" 
fruit_NN **'_" or_CC *'_" liver_NN1 **'_" salts_NN2 which_DDQ may_VM help_VVI 
in_II an_AT1 emergency_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT disadvantage_NN1 about_II the_AT sachets_NN2 ,_, baking_VVG 
soda_NN1 ,_, and_CC *'_" salts_NN2 **'_" is_VBZ that_CST they_PPHS2 
contain_VV0 sodium_NN1 ,_, often_RR considered_VVN a_AT1 dangerous_JJ 
element_NN1 in_II our_APPGE diets_NN2 if_CS taken_VVN to_II excess_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ particularly_RR important_JJ for_IF someone_PN1 
who_PNQS is_VBZ pregnant_JJ or_CC who_PNQS has_VHZ high_JJ blood_NN1 
pressure_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL One_MC1 sachet_NN1 ,_, *'_" Ural_NP1 **'_" ,_, contains_VVZ 
bicarbonate_NN1 of_IO soda_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Another_DD1 ,_, *'_" Citravescent_NP1 **'_" ,_, says_VVZ on_II the_AT 
packet_NN1 that_CST it_PPH1 does_VDZ not_XX contain_VVI sodium_NN1 
bicarbonate_NN1 *-_- but_CCB it_PPH1 does_VDZ contain_VVI sodium_NN1 
citrate_NN1 and_CC sodium_NN1 tartrate_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Herbal_NP1 remedies_VVZ *-_- parsley_NN1 is_VBZ often_RR 
considered_VVN helpful_JJ *-_- and_CC such_DA things_NN2 as_CSA 
old-fashioned_JJ lemon_NN1 barley_NN1 water_NN1 (_( not_XX artificially_RR 
coloured_VVD and_CC flavoured_VVD commercial_JJ stuff_NN1 )_) may_VM be_VBI 
soothing_JJ ,_, but_CCB they_PPHS2 do_VD0 n't_XX ,_, I_PPIS1 feel_VV0 ,_, 
act_NN1 quickly_RR enough_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL And_CC it_PPH1 seems_VVZ to_II me_PPIO1 that_CST the_AT main_JJ 
thing_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO stop_VVI cystitis_NN1 almost_RR before_CS it_PPH1 
starts_VVZ ,_, and_CC if_CSW this_DD1 is_VBZ n't_XX possible_JJ ,_, to_TO 
stop_VVI the_AT pain_NN1 and_CC frequency_NN1 as_RG soon_RR as_CSA possible_JJ 
._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL One_MC1 last_MD word_NN1 of_IO reassurance_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL These_DD2 infamous_JJ germs_NN2 or_CC bacteria_NN2 are_VBR not_XX 
some_DD nasty_JJ disease_NN1 which_DDQ some_DD unfortunate_JJ women_NN2 
have_VH0 contracted_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 are_VBR always_RR present_JJ in_II the_AT bowel_NN1 ,_, 
where_CS ,_, in_II fact_NN1 ,_, they_PPHS2 are_VBR necessary_JJ and_CC 
beneficial_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL From_II there_RL they_PPHS2 spread_VV0 onto_II the_AT skin_NN1 ,_, 
particularly_RR round_II the_AT anus_NN1 and_CC vagina_NN1 ,_, where_CS 
usually_RR they_PPHS2 cause_VV0 no_AT trouble_NN1 at_RR21 all_RR22 ,_, 
unless_CS they_PPHS2 spread_VV0 by_II the_AT urethra_NN1 to_II the_AT 
bladder_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL So_RR cleanliness_NN1 is_VBZ important_JJ ,_, and_CC always_RR 
wiping_VVG backwards_RL after_II a_AT1 bowel_NN1 motion_NN1 *-_- away_II21 
from_II22 the_AT vagina_NN1 and_CC urethra_NN1 *-_- although_CS these_DD2 
precautions_NN2 will_VM not_XX guarantee_VVI against_II an_AT1 attack_NN1 
of_IO cystitis_NN1 ,_, particularly_RR if_CS the_AT resistance_NN1 is_VBZ 
lowered_VVN by_II some_DD other_JJ infection_NN1 such_II21 as_II22 
influenza_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 must_VM repeat_VVI ,_, I_PPIS1 am_VBM not_XX 
against_II doctors_NN2 and_CC antibiotics_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 would_VM be_VBI most_RGT unwise_JJ ,_, to_TO say_VVI the_AT 
least_DAT ,_, to_TO persist_VVI in_II treating_VVG one_PN1 's_GE self_NN1 
if_CS the_AT symptoms_NN2 did_VDD not_XX improve_VVI ._. 

^ ^_NULL A_AT1 doctor_NN1 should_VM be_VBI consulted_VVN at_II the_AT 
earliest_JJT opportunity_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL A_AT1 urine_NN1 test_NN1 can_VM then_RT be_VBI carried_VVN out_RP ,_, 
and_CC ,_, in_II a_DD221 few_DD222 cases_NN2 ,_, an_AT1 X-ray_NN1 might_VM 
be_VBI necessary_JJ in_CS21 case_CS22 there_EX are_VBR correctable_JJ 
abnormalities_NN2 causing_VVG the_AT frequent_JJ infections_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL But_CCB even_RR while_CS these_DD2 investigations_NN2 are_VBR 
being_VBG performed_VVN the_AT remedies_NN2 I_PPIS1 have_VH0 suggested_VVN 
should_VM bring_VVI some_DD relief_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 must_VM have_VHI some_DD means_NN at_II hand_NN1 to_TO 
deal_VVI with_IW the_AT situation_NN1 promptly_RR and_CC so_CS save_II 
ourselves_PPX2 a_AT1 good_JJ deal_NN1 of_IO suffering_VVG ._. 

^ *<_NULL *4_NULL {_NULL RSI_JJ }_NULL sufferers_NN2 group_VV0 formed_VVN 
*>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL An_AT1 Auckland_NP1 journalist_NN1 who_PNQS now_RT has_VHZ 
difficulty_NN1 holding_VVG a_AT1 cup_NN1 because_II21 of_II22 {_NULL RSI_NP1 
}_NULL (_( repetitive_JJ strain_NN1 injury_NN1 )_) says_VVZ it_PPH1 is_VBZ 
vital_JJ that_RG early_RR symptoms_NN2 of_IO the_AT disorder_NN1 are_VBR 
recognised_VVN and_CC treated_VVN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Tessa_NP1 Farnsworth_NP1 is_VBZ a_AT1 journalist_NN1 with_IW 
the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 Farmer_NP1 magazine_NN1 in_II Auckland_NP1 and_CC 
a_AT1 member_NN1 of_IO the_AT newly_RR formed_VVD Auckland_NP1 {_NULL RSI_NP1 
}_NULL Support_NN1 Group_NNJ ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Soon_RR after_CS she_PPHS1 joined_VVD the_AT magazine_NN1 
last_MD year_NNT1 she_PPHS1 switched_VVD from_II a_AT1 golf_NN1 ball_NN1 
typewriter_NN1 to_II an_AT1 electronic_JJ machine_NN1 and_CC within_II 
weeks_NNT2 the_AT first_MD symptoms_NN2 of_IO {_NULL RSI_NP1 }_NULL 
appeared_VVD ._. 

^ ^_NULL By_II September_NPM1 the_AT ache_NN1 in_II her_APPGE forearms_NN2 
had_VHD spread_VVN to_II her_APPGE hands_NN2 and_CC she_PPHS1 was_VBDZ 
unable_JJ to_TO use_VVI them_PPHO2 even_RR for_IF a_AT1 simple_JJ task_NN1 
such_II21 as_II22 cleaning_VVG her_APPGE teeth_NN2 or_CC doing_VDG up_RP 
buttons_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL {_NULL RSI_NP1 }_NULL was_VBDZ diagnosed_VVN and_CC the_AT 
Accident_NN1 Compensation_NN1 Corporation_NNJ agreed_VVD to_TO pay_VVI 80_MC 
percent_NNU of_IO her_APPGE salary_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT balance_NN1 was_VBDZ met_VVN by_II the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 
Farmer_NP1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Farnsworth_NP1 is_VBZ a_AT1 five_MC finger_NN1 touch_NN1 
typist_NN1 and_CC during_II a_AT1 brief_JJ return_NN1 to_TO work_VVI in_II 
November_NPM1 she_PPHS1 tried_VVD to_TO use_VVI a_AT1 manual_JJ typewriter_NN1 
but_CCB found_VVD that_CST it_PPH1 only_RR aggravated_VVD her_APPGE 
condition_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 is_VBZ still_RR off_II work_NN1 but_CCB hopes_VVZ to_TO 
return_VVI to_TO work_VVI as_II a_AT1 sub_NN1 editor_NN1 as_CS31 soon_CS32 
as_CS33 she_PPHS1 can_VM hold_VVI a_AT1 pencil_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Farnsworth_NP1 says_VVZ although_CS she_PPHS1 is_VBZ a_AT1 
member_NN1 of_IO the_AT new_JJ support_NN1 group_NN she_PPHS1 is_VBZ one_MC1 
of_IO the_AT few_DA2 lucky_JJ sufferers_NN2 of_IO {_NULL RSI_NP1 }_NULL ,_, 
her_APPGE case_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN recognised_VVN by_II the_AT Accident_NN1 
Compensation_NN1 Corporation_NNJ and_CC she_PPHS1 has_VHZ a_AT1 supportive_JJ 
partner_NN1 ._. 

^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 176+TEXT+F33_FO **]_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL You_PPY may_VM be_VBI used_VVN to_II your_APPGE 
disgruntled_JJ children_NN2 insisting_VVG school_NN1 is_VBZ bad_JJ for_IF 
them_PPHO2 *-_- now_RT there_EX 's_VBZ expert_JJ opinion_NN1 to_TO agree_VVI 
with_IW them_PPHO2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II his_APPGE book_NN1 *1_NULL Posture_NN1 Makes_VVZ Perfect_JJ 
*0_NULL (_( Fitworld_NP1 Publications_NN2 )_) \_NULL Dr_NNB Vic_NP1 Barker_NP1 
begins_VVZ a_AT1 chapter_NN1 on_II posture_NN1 in_II childhood_NN1 and_CC 
schools_NN2 :_: |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL \_NULL Dr_NNB 
Barker_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS practises_VVZ as_II a_AT1 {_NULL GP_NN1 }_NULL in_II 
Auckland_NP1 ,_, specialising_VVG in_II posture_NN1 ,_, compares_VVZ the_AT 
life_NN1 preparation_NN1 of_IO children_NN2 in_II earlier_JJR ages_NN2 with_IW 
those_DD2 of_IO today_RT ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II traditional_JJ society_NN it_PPH1 was_VBDZ performed_VVN by_II 
parents_NN2 or_CC other_JJ adult_NN1 members_NN2 of_IO the_AT tribe_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Lessons_NN2 were_VBDR mostly_RR physical_JJ interspersed_JJ with_IW 
tribal_JJ knowledge_NN1 and_CC customs_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT change_NN1 came_VVD with_IW the_AT industrial_JJ 
revolution_NN1 with_IW the_AT emphasis_NN1 on_II training_VVG for_IF a_AT1 
physically_RR inactive_JJ and_CC mentally_RR demanding_JJ life_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL he_PPHS1 says_VVZ ._. 

^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Although_CS education_NN1 has_VHZ 
changed_VVN to_TO emphasize_VVI the_AT mental_JJ rather_II21 than_II22 the_AT 
physical_JJ during_II the_AT past_JJ 80_MC years_NNT2 ,_, evolution_NN1 ,_, 
he_PPHS1 says_VVZ ,_, can_VM not_XX work_VVI at_II that_DD1 speed_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL So_RR if_CS our_APPGE adult_NN1 life_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO be_VBI 
spent_VVN in_II mental_JJ activity_NN1 and_CC physical_JJ inactivity_NN1 ,_, 
we_PPIS2 should_VM build_VVI up_RP a_AT1 backlog_NN1 of_IO fitness_NN1 in_II 
childhood_NN1 to_TO help_VVI us_PPIO2 through_II adult_NN1 life_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 decries_VVZ medicine_NN1 's_VBZ neglect_NN1 of_IO 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL He_PPHS1 cites_VVZ as_CSA 
examples_NN2 of_IO this_DD1 economy_NN1 the_AT speed_NN1 at_II which_DDQ 
milk_NN1 dries_VVZ up_RP once_RR a_AT1 mother_NN1 stops_VVZ breastfeeding_VVG 
,_, and_CC the_AT way_NN1 unfit_JJ people_NN can_VM improve_VVI their_APPGE 
running_JJ ability_NN1 and_CC muscle_NN1 strength_NN1 after_II a_DD221 
few_DD222 months_NNT2 of_IO training_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL He_PPHS1 says_VVZ bodily_JJ 
activity_NN1 increases_VVZ the_AT efficiency_NN1 of_IO the_AT brain_NN1 by_II 
improving_VVG the_AT supply_NN1 of_IO oxygen_NN1 ,_, nutrients_NN2 and_CC 
recharging_VVG it_PPH1 with_IW electricity_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL He_PPHS1 warns_VVZ 
parents_NN2 :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL \_NULL Dr_NNB 
Barker_NP1 says_VVZ studies_NN2 have_VH0 shown_VVN that_CST when_CS 
scholastic_JJ time_NNT1 is_VBZ reduced_VVN and_CC physical_JJ activity_NN1 
increased_VVD ,_, scholastic_JJ achievement_NN1 has_VHZ improved_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 quotes_VVZ a_AT1 French_JJ study_NN1 involving_VVG 
several_DA2 thousand_NNO schoolchildren_NN2 whose_DDQGE daily_JJ schedule_NN1 
was_VBDZ changed_VVN to_TO include_VVI an_AT1 extra_JJ two_MC hours_NNT2 of_IO 
physical_JJ education_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL These_DD2 pupils_NN2 were_VBDR more_RGR successful_JJ in_II 
examinations_NN2 than_CSN children_NN2 on_II the_AT standard_JJ curriculum_NN1 
._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II an_AT1 experiment_NN1 in_II Adelaide_NP1 children_NN2 
were_VBDR given_VVN severe_JJ exercise_NN1 three_MC times_NNT2 a_AT1 week_NNT1 
and_CC compared_VVN with_IW children_NN2 in_II less_RGR severe_JJ 
programmes_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT first_MD group_NN produced_VVD the_AT greatest_JJT 
improvement_NN1 in_II work_NN1 ,_, confidence_NN1 ,_, health_NN1 and_CC 
achievement_NN1 together_II21 with_II22 an_AT1 increased_JJ interest_NN1 in_II 
sport_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 decreased_JJ interest_NN1 in_II television_NN1 and_CC 
video_JJ games_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL *"_" The_AT old_JJ time_NNT1 British_JJ public_JJ school_NN1 
system_NN1 saw_VVD scholastic_JJ ,_, physical_JJ and_CC spiritual_JJ 
achievement_NN1 as_II21 of_II22 equal_JJ importance_NN1 ,_, **"_" says_VVZ 
\_NULL Dr_NNB Barker_NP1 ._. 

^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL *<_NULL *6_NULL CHILDREN_NN2 'S_GE HEALTH_NN1 :_: 
*4_NULL Of_IO Nits_NN2 &_CC Other_JJ Nasties_NP1 *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT new_JJ school_NN1 year_NNT1 brings_VVZ a_AT1 new_JJ 
generation_NN1 of_IO parents_NN2 with_IW schoolage_NN1 children_NN2 *-_- 
and_CC for_IF some_DD of_IO them_PPHO2 the_AT unwelcome_JJ experience_NN1 
of_IO the_AT *"_" nits_NN2 and_CC other_JJ nasties_NN2 **"_" that_CST seem_VV0 
to_TO be_VBI part_NN1 of_IO school_NN1 life_NN1 nowadays_RT ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT three_MC health_NN1 problems_NN2 you_PPY may_VM 
encounter_VVI are_VBR headlice_NN1 ,_, and_CC skin_NN1 infections_NN2 
such_II21 as_II22 scabies_NN2 and_CC sores_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Some_DD parents_NN2 ,_, after_CS they_PPHS2 recover_VV0 
from_II their_APPGE initial_JJ dismay_NN1 when_RRQ they_PPHS2 find_VV0 
lice_NN2 in_II their_APPGE child_NN1 's_VBZ hair_NN1 ,_, naturally_RR cast_VVN 
around_RP for_IF someone_PN1 to_TO blame_VVI *-_- the_AT school_NN1 ,_, the_AT 
public_JJ health_NN1 nurse_NN1 ,_, the_AT Health_NN1 Department_NNJ ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Ask_VV0 the_AT department_NNJ whose_DDQGE job_NN1 it_PPH1 
is_VBZ to_TO make_VVI sure_JJ everyone_PN1 is_VBZ treated_VVN and_CC it_PPH1 
will_VM reply_VVI firmly_RR :_: *"_" ^_NULL The_AT community_NNJ 's_GE ._. 
**"_" 

^ ^_NULL For_IF community_NNJ read_VV0 parents_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Not_XX that_CST the_AT department_NNJ expects_VVZ parents_NN2 
or_CC school_NN1 committees_NNJ2 to_TO flounder_VVI around_RP alone_RR 
trying_VVG to_TO combat_VVI the_AT problem_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Both_RR the_AT health_NN1 and_CC education_NN1 departments_NNJ2 
and_CC Victoria_NP1 University_NNL1 have_VH0 **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL 
prepared_VVN a_AT1 comprehensive_JJ kit_NN1 on_II the_AT headlice_NN1 
problem_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL After_CS trials_NN2 to_TO test_VVI its_APPGE usefulness_NN1 it_PPH1 
will_VM be_VBI distributed_VVN nationally_RR ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II the_AT meantime_NNT1 parents_NN2 can_VM take_VVI 
effective_JJ action_NN1 against_II headlice_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II a_AT1 recent_JJ article_NN1 in_II *1_NULL Consumer_NN1 
*0_NULL magazine_NN1 World_NN1 Health_NN1 officials_NN2 agreed_VVD that_DD1 
headlice_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 particular_JJ problem_NN1 at_II the_AT moment_NN1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL Some_DD believe_VV0 infestations_NN2 are_VBR on_II the_AT 
increase_NN1 ,_, others_NN2 that_CST the_AT occurrence_NN1 of_IO headlice_NN1 
is_VBZ cyclic_JJ and_CC that_CST we_PPIS2 are_VBR at_II the_AT peak_NN1 of_IO 
a_AT1 cycle_NN1 at_II the_AT moment_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Headlice_NP1 are_VBR tiny_JJ ,_, wingless_JJ creatures_NN2 
whose_DDQGE strong_JJ ,_, curved_JJ claws_NN2 are_VBR ideally_RR suited_VVN 
for_IF clinging_VVG to_II strands_NN2 of_IO hair_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 are_VBR not_XX elitist_NN1 and_CC will_VM live_VVI as_RG 
happily_RR in_II dirty_JJ or_CC clean_JJ hair_NN1 ,_, and_CC on_II the_AT 
heads_NN2 of_IO children_NN2 from_II any_DD class_NN1 of_IO home_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Human_JJ heads_NN2 provide_VV0 everything_PN1 a_AT1 louse_NN1 
needs_NN2 ,_, from_II a_AT1 warm_JJ temperature_NN1 ,_, to_II hair_NN1 for_IF 
the_AT female_JJ louse_NN1 to_TO attach_VVI her_APPGE eggs_NN2 to_II ,_, to_II 
food_NN1 in_II the_AT form_NN1 of_IO blood_NN1 from_II the_AT scalp_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Lice_NN2 are_VBR also_RR very_RG peripatetic_JJ and_CC will_VM 
move_VVI from_II head_NN1 to_II head_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL That_DD1 's_VBZ why_RRQ children_NN2 ,_, whose_DDQGE heads_NN2 
come_VV0 together_RL frequently_RR in_II play_NN1 ,_, are_VBR so_RG much_DA1 
more_DAR susceptible_JJ than_CSN adults_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Because_CS lice_NN2 are_VBR so_RG small_JJ ,_, fast_RR 
moving_JJ and_CC close_RR to_II the_AT scalp_NN1 ,_, you_PPY may_VM have_VHI 
trouble_NN1 detecting_VVG them_PPHO2 at_RR21 first_RR22 and_CC your_APPGE 
earliest_JJT sign_NN1 of_IO the_AT problem_NN1 may_VM be_VBI your_APPGE 
child_NN1 's_GE rigorous_JJ scratching_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 constantly_RR itchy_JJ 
head_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Most_DAT colonies_NN2 of_IO lice_NN2 can_VM live_VVI on_II 
the_AT head_NN1 for_IF up_RG21 to_RG22 three_MC months_NNT2 before_CS 
they_PPHS2 are_VBR detected_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 takes_VVZ that_DD1 long_JJ for_IF the_AT child_NN1 to_TO 
become_VVI sensitised_JJ to_II the_AT louse_NN1 's_VBZ saliva_NN1 which_DDQ 
it_PPH1 injects_VVZ into_II the_AT scalp_NN1 when_CS it_PPH1 feeds_VVZ ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ why_RRQ treatment_NN1 needs_VVZ to_TO be_VBI 
a_AT1 community-based_JJ thing_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL If_CS you_PPY treat_VV0 your_APPGE child_NN1 and_CC other_JJ 
parents_NN2 do_VD0 n't_XX ,_, your_APPGE child_NN1 risks_NN2 becoming_VVG 
infected_JJ again_RT ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL As_CSA we_PPIS2 said_VVD earlier_RRR ,_, the_AT Health_NN1 
Department_NNJ considers_VVZ it_PPH1 is_VBZ the_AT responsibility_NN1 of_IO 
parents_NN2 to_TO treat_VVI their_APPGE children_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB parents_NN2 ,_, teachers_NN2 and_CC public_JJ health_NN1 
nurses_NN2 employed_VVN by_II the_AT Health_NN1 Department_NNJ each_DD1 
have_VH0 their_APPGE role_NN1 to_TO play_VVI ._. 

^ ^_NULL Teachers_NN2 whose_DDQGE job_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX to_TO check_VVI 
children_NN2 for_IF headlice_NN1 ,_, should_VM still_RR be_VBI on_II the_AT 
lookout_NN1 for_IF them_PPHO2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL And_CC then_RT s/he_PPHS1 should_VM contact_VVI the_AT public_JJ 
health_NN1 nurse_NN1 and_CC advise_NN1 parents_NN2 to_TO check_VVI their_APPGE 
child_NN1 's_VBZ head_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL According_II21 to_II22 *1_NULL Consumer_NN1 *0_NULL the_AT public_JJ 
health_NN1 nurse_NN1 's_VBZ job_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO identify_VVI the_AT 
extent_NN1 of_IO the_AT problem_NN1 and_CC to_TO undertake_VVI health_NN1 
education_NN1 for_IF those_DD2 involved_VVD :_: children_NN2 ,_, teachers_NN2 
and_CC parents_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Nurses_NN2 may_VM also_RR visit_VVI families_NN2 who_PNQS are_VBR 
a_AT1 source_NN1 of_IO infestation_NN1 or_CC reinfestation_NN1 and_CC 
supply_NN1 lotions_NN2 to_II families_NN2 who_PNQS can_VM not_XX afford_VVI 
,_, or_CC refuse_VV0 to_TO buy_VVI it_PPH1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Some_DD parents_NN2 ,_, working_VVG through_II their_APPGE 
school_NN1 committees_NNJ2 ,_, have_VH0 campaigned_VVN against_II headlice_NN1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL Mothers_NN2 set_VV0 up_RP a_AT1 system_NN1 of_IO checking_VVG the_AT 
heads_NN2 of_IO children_NN2 in_II a_AT1 400-pupil_JJ school_NN1 at_II the_AT 
beginning_NN1 of_IO each_DD1 term_NN1 ,_, with_IW a_AT1 follow_NN121 up_NN122 
check_VV0 a_AT1 week_NNT1 later_RRR ._. 

^ ^_NULL Notes_NN2 were_VBDR sent_VVN home_RL with_IW the_AT children_NN2 
telling_VVG whether_CSW treatment_NN1 was_VBDZ needed_VVN and_CC the_AT 
mothers_NN2 also_RR gave_VVD advice_NN1 about_II treatment_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Effective_JJ treatment_NN1 means_VVZ killing_VVG the_AT 
lice_NN2 and_CC their_APPGE eggs_NN2 and_CC preventing_VVG re-infestation_NN1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL Use_NN1 a_AT1 medicated_JJ treatment_NN1 (_( Consumer_NN1 
recommends_VVZ Carylderm_NP1 ,_, Lyban_NP1 ,_, Paralice_NP1 ,_, Prioderm_NP1 
or_CC Pyrifoam_NP1 )_) and_CC rub_VV0 it_PPH1 well_RR into_II the_AT scalp_NN1 
and_CC roots_NN2 of_IO the_AT hair_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Repeat_VV0 10_MC to_II 12_MC days_NNT2 later_RRR to_TO prevent_VVI 
re-infestation_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Remove_VV0 the_AT dead_JJ nits_NN2 after_II each_DD1 
treatment_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 can_VM be_VBI painful_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Special_JJ nit_NN1 combs_NN2 are_VBR available_JJ or_CC use_VV0 a_AT1 
fine-toothed_JJ comb_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Dip_NN1 the_AT comb_NN1 in_II a_AT1 mixture_NN1 of_IO water_NN1 
and_CC vinegar_NN1 to_TO make_VVI the_AT task_NN1 easier_RRR ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT rest_NN1 of_IO the_AT family_NN and_CC close_JJ associates_NN2 
also_RR need_VV0 to_TO be_VBI treated_VVN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL However_RR ,_, there_EX is_VBZ no_AT need_NN1 to_TO spring_VVI 
clean_JJ the_AT house_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB do_VD0 wash_VVI brushes_NN2 and_CC combs_VVZ in_II very_RG 
hot_JJ water_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Best_JJT prevention_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO brush_VVI and_CC comb_VVI 
the_AT child_NN1 's_VBZ hair_NN1 daily_RR ,_, combing_VVG as_RG close_RR to_II 
the_AT scalp_NN1 as_CSA possible_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 will_VM dislodge_VVI or_CC injure_VVI any_DD newly_RR 
arrived_VVN louse_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Also_RR check_VV0 your_APPGE child_NN1 's_VBZ head_NN1 regularly_RR 
,_, especially_RR behind_II the_AT ears_NN2 and_CC round_II the_AT back_NN1 
of_IO the_AT neck_NN1 ,_, and_CC lift_VV0 up_RP the_AT hair_NN1 in_II 
sections_NN2 and_CC look_VV0 underneath_RL ._. 

^ ^_NULL (_( For_IF more_RGR detailed_JJ information_NN1 see_VV0 October_NPM1 
1985_MC issue_NN1 of_IO Consumer_NN1 ._. )_) 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Now_RT for_IF the_AT skin_NN1 infections_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Scabies_NN2 cause_VV0 itchy_JJ little_JJ blisters_NN2 on_II the_AT 
skin_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL These_DD2 tiny_JJ ,_, parasitic_JJ mites_NN2 burrow_NN1 under_II 
the_AT superficial_JJ layers_NN2 of_IO the_AT skin_NN1 ,_, depositing_VVG 
eggs_NN2 and_CC faeces_NN2 and_CC causing_VVG intense_JJ irritation_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT itching_NN1 is_VBZ often_RR worse_JJR at_II night_NNT1 and_CC 
the_AT red_JJ raised_JJ bumps_NN2 or_CC ridges_NN2 on_II the_AT skin_NN1 
may_VM be_VBI found_VVN on_II the_AT hands_NN2 *-_- especially_RR between_II 
the_AT fingers_NN2 *-_- around_II the_AT waist_NN1 or_CC wrists_NN2 ,_, 
genitals_NN2 or_CC buttocks_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Scratching_VVG the_AT area_NN1 can_VM break_VVI the_AT skin_NN1 
and_CC cause_VVI secondary_JJ bacterial_JJ infection_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Scabies_NP1 is_VBZ incredibly_RR infectious_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Children_NN2 can_VM catch_VVI it_PPH1 from_II the_AT skin_NN1 of_IO 
infected_JJ people_NN ,_, by_II wearing_VVG their_APPGE clothes_NN2 ,_, or_CC 
sleeping_VVG in_II their_APPGE beds_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL To_TO get_VVI rid_VVN of_IO scabies_NN2 you_PPY need_VV0 
an_AT1 ointment_NN1 that_CST is_VBZ available_JJ from_II chemists_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 must_VM be_VBI treated_VVN ,_, because_CS the_AT itching_NN1 
may_VM go_VVI away_RL ,_, but_CCB the_AT infection_NN1 will_VM stay_VVI and_CC 
may_VM eventually_RR cause_VVI ugly_JJ patches_NN2 of_IO hard_JJ skin_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Part_NN1 of_IO the_AT treatment_NN1 to_TO keep_VVI scabies_NN2 
from_II spreading_VVG ,_, is_VBZ to_TO be_VBI rigorous_JJ about_II hygiene_NN1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL Wash_NN1 all_DB underclothing_NN1 ,_, sheets_NN2 and_CC towels_NN2 
,_, well_RR ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Put_VVN mattresses_NN2 and_CC other_JJ unwashable_JJ 
bedding_NN1 out_RP to_II air_NN1 every_AT1 day_NNT1 for_IF a_AT1 week_NNT1 ,_, 
or_CC run_VV0 a_AT1 vacuum_NN1 cleaner_NN1 or_CC hot_JJ iron_NN1 over_II 
them_PPHO2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Do_VD0 n't_XX let_VVI children_NN2 with_IW skin_NN1 
infections_NN2 sleep_VV0 with_IW other_JJ children_NN2 ,_, or_CC share_VV0 
their_APPGE clothes_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL If_CS you_PPY 're_VBR into_II old-fashioned_JJ treatments_NN2 
you_PPY may_VM be_VBI interested_JJ in_II one_PN1 which_DDQ is_VBZ making_VVG 
a_AT1 comeback_NN1 in_II popularity_NN1 with_IW dermatologists_NN2 in_II 
the_AT {_NULL US_PPIO2 }_NULL ._. 

^ ^_NULL According_II21 to_II22 the_AT health_NN1 handbook_NN1 ,_, *1_NULL 
Our_APPGE Bodies_NN2 ,_, Ourselves_PPX2 ,_, *0_NULL this_DD1 sulphur-based_JJ 
treatment_NN1 is_VBZ especially_RR useful_JJ for_IF young_JJ children_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ considered_VVN less_RGR irritating_JJ than_CSN 
other_JJ chemicals_NN2 that_CST kill_VV0 scabies_NN2 ,_, it_PPH1 seems_VVZ 
to_TO be_VBI less_RGR toxic_JJ and_CC it_PPH1 seems_VVZ to_TO work_VVI ,_, 
say_VV0 the_AT book_NN1 's_VHZ editors_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 does_VDZ have_VHI a_AT1 couple_NN1 of_IO 
disadvantages_NN2 ;_; it_PPH1 smells_VVZ like_II rotten_JJ eggs_NN2 and_CC 
can_VM stain_VVI clothing_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT recommended_JJ mixture_NN1 is_VBZ 6_MC percent_NNU 
sulphur_NN1 ,_, 3_MC percent_NNU balsam_NN1 of_IO Peru_NP1 and_CC the_AT 
rest_NN1 petroleum_NN1 jelly_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL You_PPY put_VV0 the_AT mixture_NN1 on_II the_AT infected_JJ areas_NN2 
and_CC leave_VV0 it_PPH1 for_IF 24_MC hours_NNT2 ,_, with_IW a_AT1 new_JJ 
application_NN1 each_DD1 night_NNT1 for_IF three_MC nights_NNT2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Some_DD chemists_NN2 will_VM mix_VVI the_AT ingredients_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Sores_NN2 start_VV0 from_II a_AT1 broken_JJ skin_NN1 
surface_NN1 such_II21 as_II22 a_AT1 scratch_NN1 ,_, or_CC when_RRQ itchy_JJ 
insect_NN1 bites_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN scratched_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL Or_CC they_PPHS2 may_VM erupt_VVI as_CSA blisters_NN2 with_IW no_AT 
apparent_JJ cause_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Clear_JJ fluid_NN1 or_CC pus_NN1 may_VM be_VBI prevented_VVN from_II 
escaping_VVG from_II the_AT sore_JJ by_II a_AT1 scab_NN1 or_CC dry_JJ 
crust_NN1 and_CC this_DD1 interferes_VVZ with_IW healing_VVG ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL These_DD2 sores_NN2 can_VM spread_VVI ,_, becoming_VVG 
larger_JJR or_CC breaking_VVG out_RP in_II other_JJ parts_NN2 of_IO the_AT 
body_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 are_VBR contagious_JJ and_CC will_VM not_XX only_RR 
spread_VVI from_II one_MC1 part_NN1 of_IO the_AT body_NN1 to_II another_DD1 
,_, but_CCB from_II child_NN1 to_II child_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Treatment_NP1 involves_VVZ cleaning_VVG the_AT sore_JJ with_IW 
an_AT1 antiseptic_JJ lotion_NN1 ,_, taking_VVG care_NN1 not_XX to_TO 
infect_VVI the_AT surrounding_JJ skin_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Then_RT remove_VV0 the_AT scabs_NN2 and_CC crusts_VVZ gently_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL Apply_VV0 lotion_NN1 or_CC ointment_NN1 recommended_VVN by_II the_AT 
health_NN1 nurse_NN1 or_CC doctor_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Cover_NN1 the_AT sore_JJ with_IW a_AT1 clean_JJ dressing_NN1 ,_, 
but_CCB do_VD0 n't_XX seal_VVI it_PPH1 down_RP with_IW a_AT1 waterproof_JJ 
plaster_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Just_RR strap_VV0 the_AT edges_NN2 of_IO the_AT dressing_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 allows_VVZ air_NN1 to_TO circulate_VVI and_CC helps_VVZ 
healing_VVG ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Used_JJ dressings_NN2 should_VM be_VBI wrapped_VVN in_II 
paper_NN1 and_CC destroyed_VVN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Good_JJ health_NN1 is_VBZ an_AT1 important_JJ means_NN of_IO 
preventing_VVG these_DD2 sores_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Good_JJ food_NN1 and_CC adequate_JJ rest_NN1 will_VM help_VVI to_TO 
keep_VVI the_AT family_NN healthy_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Hygiene_NP1 is_VBZ also_RR important_JJ ,_, especially_RR keeping_VVG 
fingernails_NN2 short_JJ and_CC clean_JJ ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Children_NN2 with_IW sores_NN2 should_VM have_VHI their_APPGE 
own_DA face_NN1 cloth_NN1 and_CC towel_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT basin_NN1 and_CC the_AT bath_NN1 should_VM be_VBI washed_VVN 
carefully_RR with_IW antiseptic_JJ bath_NN1 cleaner_NN1 after_CS they_PPHS2 
have_VH0 used_VVN it_PPH1 ._. 

^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Alzheimers_NP1 Disease_NN1 :_: *>_NULL 

^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL *<_NULL The_AT Double_JJ Tragedy_NN1 *>_NULL 

^ *<_NULL By_II *6_NULL PRUE_NN1 DASHFIELD_NN1 *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL They_PPHS2 call_VV0 it_PPH1 the_AT silent_JJ 
epidemic_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Already_RR an_AT1 estimated_JJ 20,000_MC New_JJ Zealanders_NP1 
are_VBR its_APPGE victims_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 usually_RR strikes_VVZ the_AT elderly_JJ and_CC 
our_APPGE population_NN1 is_VBZ n't_XX getting_VVG any_DD younger_JJR ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL On_II current_JJ reckoning_NN1 ,_, by_II the_AT year_NNT1 
2000_MC the_AT brain_NN1 disorder_NN1 known_VVN as_II Alzheimer_NP1 's_GE 
disease_NN1 will_VM be_VBI causing_VVG 33,000_MC New_JJ Zealanders_NP1 to_TO 
slowly_RR lose_VVI their_APPGE minds_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL As_CSA sufferers_NN2 advance_VV0 down_RP the_AT tragic_JJ 
path_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE disease_NN1 they_PPHS2 become_VV0 wholly_RR 
dependent_JJ on_II others_NN2 for_IF their_APPGE physical_JJ care_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Life_NN1 expectancy_NN1 is_VBZ reduced_VVN to_RP about_II one_MC1 
half_NN or_CC one_MC1 third_MD that_DD1 of_IO normal_JJ people_NN of_IO the_AT 
same_DA age_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL On_II average_NN1 ,_, they_PPHS2 will_VM die_VVI six_MC to_II 
eight_MC years_NNT2 after_II the_AT onset_NN1 of_IO Alzheimer_NP1 's_GE ,_, 
though_CS longevity_NN1 varies_VVZ ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Americans_NN2 rank_VV0 it_PPH1 as_CSA their_APPGE 
fourth_MD biggest_JJT killer_NN1 after_II heart_NN1 attacks_NN2 ,_, 
cancers_NN2 and_CC strokes_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL And_CC at_II the_AT moment_NN1 ,_, there_EX is_VBZ nothing_PN1 
anybody_PN1 can_VM do_VDI about_II it_PPH1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Alzheimer_NP1 's_GE disease_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT most_RGT common_JJ 
of_IO the_AT senile_JJ dementias_NN2 ,_, the_AT family_NN of_IO 
behaviour-changing_JJ brain_NN1 disorders_NN2 which_DDQ develop_VV0 in_II 
mid_NN1 to_II late_JJ life_NN1 and_CC whose_DDQGE victims_NN2 are_VBR 
usually_RR described_VVN as_II being_VBG *"_" senile_JJ **"_" ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ not_XX a_AT1 normal_JJ part_NN1 of_IO the_AT 
aging_JJ process_NN1 but_CCB a_AT1 disease_NN1 ,_, evidenced_VVN by_II 
changes_NN2 to_II cells_NN2 and_CC chemical_JJ processes_NN2 in_II the_AT 
brain_NN1 which_DDQ become_VV0 more_RRR pronounced_VVD as_II the_AT 
illness_NN1 progresses_VVZ ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ not_XX yet_RR known_VVN what_DDQ causes_VVZ 
these_DD2 changes_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Although_CS it_PPH1 can_VM strike_VVI anyone_PN1 over_RP 
about_RG 40_MC years_NNT2 Alzheimer_NP1 's_VHZ usually_RR hits_NN2 people_NN 
upwards_RG21 of_RG22 65_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL About_II one_MC1 in_II ten_MC of_IO this_DD1 age_NN1 group_NN will_VM 
suffer_VVI Alzheimer_NP1 's_GE or_CC a_AT1 related_JJ disorder_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL For_IF the_AT over-80s_NN2 ,_, the_AT ratio_NN1 increases_VVZ to_RP 
about_II one_MC1 in_II five_MC ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT early_JJ symptoms_NN2 of_IO Alzheimer_NP1 's_GE 
disease_NN1 are_VBR subtle_JJ and_CC patients_NN2 may_VM manage_VVI to_TO 
conceal_VVI them_PPHO2 from_II their_APPGE families_NN2 ,_, though_CS not_XX 
necessarily_RR more_RGR objective_JJ observers_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 
neighbours_NN2 or_CC employers_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Even_CS21 when_CS22 detected_VVN many_DA2 of_IO these_DD2 
preliminary_JJ signs_NN2 may_VM be_VBI confused_VVN with_IW other_JJ 
psychological_JJ or_CC physical_JJ disorders_NN2 like_II depression_NN1 ,_, 
drug_NN1 or_CC alcohol-related_JJ illnesses_NN2 ,_, minor_JJ strokes_NN2 ,_, 
kidney_NN1 ,_, liver_NN1 or_CC heart_NN1 disease_NN1 and_CC 
over-medication_NN1 ._. 

^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 177+TEXT+F34_FO **]_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL The_AT trouble_NN1 began_VVD in_II intra-tribal_JJ 
feuding_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL About_RG 300_MC years_NNT2 ago_RA a_AT1 Wairarapa_NP1 chief_NN1 
named_VVD Tu-ahu-riri_NP1 was_VBDZ attacked_VVN by_II his_APPGE relation_NN1 
Hika-oro-roa_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Among_II the_AT attackers_NN2 were_VBDR Tu-te-kawa_NP1 and_CC 
his_APPGE nephew_NN1 Turuki_NP1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Turuki_NP1 was_VBDZ spoiling_VVG for_IF the_AT fight_NN1 ,_, 
and_CC put_VVD himself_PPX1 at_II the_AT head_NN1 of_IO the_AT force_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB Hika-oro-roa_NP1 was_VBDZ angry_JJ that_CST a_AT1 man_NN1 
of_IO no_AT standing_NN1 should_VM dare_VVI to_TO usurp_VVI chiefly_RR 
privilege_NN1 in_II this_DD1 way_NN1 ,_, and_CC publicly_RR shamed_VVD 
him_PPHO1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Turuki_NP1 seethed_VVD with_IW resentment_NN1 ,_, and_CC 
with_IW his_APPGE uncle_NN1 Tu-te-kawa_NP1 made_VVD a_AT1 plan_NN1 to_TO 
withdraw_VVI their_APPGE family_NN contingent_NN1 from_II Hika-oro-roa_NP1 
's_GE force_NN1 and_CC make_VV0 their_APPGE own_DA separate_JJ attack_NN1 
on_II Tu-ahu-riri_NP1 's_GE fort_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL As_II a_AT1 particular_JJ insult_NN1 to_II Hika-oro-roa_NP1 ,_, 
however_RR ,_, Tu-te-kawa_NP1 warned_VVD Tu-ahu-riri_NP1 secretly_RR 
beforehand_JJ of_IO the_AT attack_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL As_II a_AT1 result_NN1 ,_, Tu-ahu-riri_NP1 fled_VVD over_II the_AT 
palisade_NN1 and_CC disappeared_VVD ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Tu-te-kawa_NP1 's_GE men_NN2 silently_RR withdrew_VVD from_II 
Hika-oro-roa_NP1 's_GE camp_NN1 to_II the_AT other_JJ side_NN1 of_IO the_AT 
fort_NN1 and_CC waited_VVD for_IF the_AT day_NNT1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 attacked_VVD at_II dawn_NNT1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Tu-te-kawa_NP1 raced_VVD to_II Tu-ahu-riri_NP1 's_GE house_NN1 and_CC 
killed_VVD his_APPGE two_MC wives_NN2 ,_, though_CS they_PPHS2 pleaded_VVD 
for_IF their_APPGE lives_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Their_APPGE husband_NN1 Tu-ahu-riri_NP1 was_VBDZ ,_, meanwhile_RR ,_, 
hiding_VVG alone_JJ in_II the_AT forest_NN1 ,_, helpless_JJ and_CC unarmed_JJ 
._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Tu-te-kawa_NP1 had_VHD spared_VVN Tu-ahu-riri_NP1 's_GE 
life_NN1 according_II21 to_II22 the_AT custom_NN1 of_IO *1_NULL kaikai_NN2 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL -waiu_JJ ,_, *0_NULL or_CC *'_" drinking_VVG 
milk_NN1 **'_" ,_, which_DDQ expresses_VVZ a_AT1 close_JJ degree_NN1 of_IO 
relationship_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Under_II this_DD1 custom_NN1 a_AT1 person_NN1 might_VM warn_VVI 
relatives_NN2 of_IO danger_NN1 ,_, even_CS21 though_CS22 he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ 
one_MC1 of_IO the_AT force_NN1 which_DDQ was_VBDZ preparing_VVG to_TO 
attack_VVI them_PPHO2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II return_NN1 ,_, Tu-ahu-riri_NP1 saved_VVD Tu-te-kawa_NP1 
's_GE life_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL When_CS the_AT victorious_JJ canoes_NN2 were_VBDR leaving_VVG ,_, 
he_PPHS1 came_VVD to_II the_AT edge_NN1 of_IO the_AT forest_NN1 and_CC 
called_VVN Tu-te-kawa_NP1 to_TO give_VVI him_PPHO1 back_RP his_APPGE *1_NULL 
maro_NN1 ,_, *0_NULL or_CC kilt_NN1 ,_, and_CC his_APPGE weapons_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Tu-te-kawa_NP1 threw_VVD them_PPHO2 ashore_RL ,_, and_CC 
Tu-ahu-riri_NP1 said_VVD to_II him_PPHO1 :_: *'_" ^_NULL O_NP1 Tu_NP1 ,_, 
keep_VV0 out_RP to_II sea_NN1 ,_, or_CC keep_VV0 in_II shore_NN1 ,_, rather_RR 
keep_VV0 in_II shore_NN1 **'_" ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Then_RT Tu-ahu-riri_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS was_VBDZ a_AT1 
powerful_JJ *1_NULL tohunga_NN1 ,_, *0_NULL or_CC priest_NN1 ,_, conjured_VVD 
up_RP a_AT1 fierce_JJ storm_NN1 ,_, and_CC almost_RR the_AT whole_NN1 of_IO 
the_AT conquerors_NN2 '_GE fleet_NNJ was_VBDZ drowned_VVN in_II the_AT 
seas_NN2 of_IO Raukawa_NP1 ,_, or_CC Cook_NP Strait_NNL1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB Tu-te-kawa_NP1 survived_VVD ,_, because_CS he_PPHS1 had_VHD 
hugged_VVN the_AT coastline_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Because_CS Tu-te-kawa_NP1 had_VHD not_XX only_RR out_RP 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL -manoeuvred_JJ Hika-oro-roa_NP1 but_CCB also_RR 
killed_VVN two_MC high-ranking_JJ women_NN2 ,_, he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ afraid_JJ 
to_TO return_VVI home_RL ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 settled_VVD instead_RR in_II the_AT South_NP Island_NP1 
among_II his_APPGE Kati_NP1 Mamoe_NP1 relatives_NN2 at_II Waihora_NP1 ,_, 
or_CC Lake_NNL1 Ellesmere_NP ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 built_VVD a_AT1 village_NN1 called_VVN Waikakahi_NP1 ,_, 
*'_" The_AT waters_NN2 of_IO kakahi_NN2 **'_" ,_, which_DDQ was_VBDZ a_AT1 
freshwater_JJ shellfish_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT village_NN1 lay_VVD near_II the_AT Akaroa_NP1 highway_NN1 ,_, 
close_RR to_II Birdlings_NN2 Flat_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT lake_NN1 was_VBDZ full_JJ of_IO fish_NN ,_, and_CC 
Tu-te-kawa_NP1 lived_VVD in_II peace_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL But_CCB Tu-ahu-riri_NP1 's_GE son_NN1 was_VBDZ Moki_NP1 ,_, 
and_CC Moki_NP1 never_RR forgot_VVD that_CST Tu-te-kawa_NP1 had_VHD shamed_VVN 
his_APPGE father_NN1 by_II choosing_VVG to_TO let_VVI him_PPHO1 escape_NN1 
when_RRQ he_PPHS1 could_VM have_VHI killed_VVN him_PPHO1 ,_, and_CC had_VHD 
also_RR killed_VVN his_APPGE mother_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL When_CS Moki_NP1 heard_VVD where_RRQ Tu-te-kawa_NP1 was_VBDZ 
living_VVG he_PPHS1 attacked_VVD Banks_NP Peninsula_NNL1 ,_, destroying_VVG 
the_AT principal_JJ Kati_NP1 Mamoe_NP1 fortress_NN1 at_II Long_JJ Bay_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Then_RT he_PPHS1 set_VVD out_RP for_IF Waikakahi_NP1 and_CC 
Tu-te-kawa_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Moki_NP1 was_VBDZ bent_VVN on_II revenge_NN1 ,_, but_CCB his_APPGE 
father_NN1 Tu-ahu-riri_NP1 had_VHD told_VVN him_PPHO1 and_CC his_APPGE 
brothers_NN2 that_CST if_CS they_PPHS2 found_VVD Tu-te-kawa_NP1 ,_, they_PPHS2 
were_VBDR to_TO spare_VVI his_APPGE life_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Tu-te-kawa_NP1 was_VBDZ by_II then_RT an_AT1 old_JJ man_NN1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL His_APPGE family_NN knew_VVD that_CST Moki_NP1 's_GE force_NN1 
was_VBDZ coming_VVG and_CC pleaded_VVD with_IW him_PPHO1 to_TO leave_VVI 
his_APPGE village_NN1 ,_, but_CCB he_PPHS1 refused_VVD ._. 

^ ^_NULL *'_" What_DDQ will_VM become_VVI of_IO the_AT basket_NN1 of_IO 
flat_JJ fish_NN spread_VVD open_RR here_RL **'_" ,_, he_PPHS1 said_VVD ,_, 
in_II a_AT1 plaintive_JJ allusion_NN1 to_II the_AT great_JJ lake_NN1 which_DDQ 
had_VHD sustained_VVN him_PPHO1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL On_II the_AT day_NNT1 the_AT Kai_NP1 Tahu_NP1 force_NN1 
arrived_VVD ,_, the_AT village_NN1 at_II Lake_NNL1 Ellesmere_NP was_VBDZ 
almost_RR deserted_VVN ;_; the_AT people_NN were_VBDR out_RP eeling_VVG ,_, 
and_CC only_RR the_AT old_JJ chief_NN1 and_CC his_APPGE daughter-in-law_NN1 
were_VBDR at_II home_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Tu-te-kawa_NP1 was_VBDZ lying_VVG helpless_JJ on_II his_APPGE 
mats_NN2 in_II a_AT1 corner_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE house_NN1 ,_, huddled_VVD 
with_IW his_APPGE back_NN1 to_II the_AT fire_NN1 for_IF warmth_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Remembering_VVG their_APPGE father_NN1 's_VBZ instruction_NN1 
,_, Moki_NP1 and_CC his_APPGE brothers_NN2 hesitated_VVD to_TO kill_VVI 
him_PPHO1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT chief_JJ Whakuku_NP1 had_VHD no_AT such_DA constraints_NN2 :_: 
he_PPHS1 threw_VVD his_APPGE *1_NULL tao_NN1 ,_, *0_NULL or_CC spear_NN1 ,_, 
through_II the_AT window_NN1 and_CC killed_VVD Tu-te-kawa_NP1 where_RRQ 
he_PPHS1 lay_VVD ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Moki_NP1 's_GE force_NN1 occupied_VVN the_AT village_NN1 
and_CC waited_VVN for_IF the_AT return_NN1 of_IO Kati_NP1 Mamoe_NP1 from_II 
their_APPGE eeling_JJ grounds_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB Kati_NP1 Mamoe_NP1 's_GE chief_NN1 ,_, Tu-te-kawa_NP1 's_GE 
son_NN1 Te_AT Rakitamau_NP1 ,_, saw_VVD the_AT smoke_NN1 of_IO many_DA2 
cooking_VVG fires_NN2 rising_VVG from_II the_AT village_NN1 and_CC warned_VVD 
his_APPGE people_NN to_TO stay_VVI away_RL ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL When_CS night_NNT1 fell_VVD Te_AT Rakitamau_NP1 slipped_VVD 
silently_RR into_II the_AT village_NN1 and_CC found_VVD the_AT sentries_NN2 
and_CC all_DB the_AT soldiers_NN2 asleep_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 crept_VVD into_II the_AT house_NN1 where_RRQ Moki_NP1 
was_VBDZ sleeping_VVG and_CC laid_VVD his_PPGE chiefly_RR dog_NN1 skin_NN1 
cloak_NN1 over_II Moki_NP1 's_GE knees_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Then_RT he_PPHS1 left_VVD ,_, after_II instructing_VVG his_APPGE 
wife_NN1 to_TO give_VVI Moki_NP1 this_DD1 message_NN1 :_: *'_" ^_NULL 
Your_APPGE life_NN1 was_VBDZ in_II my_APPGE hands_NN2 but_CCB I_PPIS1 gave_VVD 
it_PPH1 back_RP to_II you_PPY ._. 

^ **'_" |_NULL ^_NULL By_II this_DD1 gesture_NN1 the_AT score_NN1 was_VBDZ 
nearly_RR evened_VVN :_: Tu-te-kawa_NP1 had_VHD once_RR spared_VVN Moki_NP1 
's_GE father_NN1 's_VBZ life_NN1 when_RRQ he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ at_II his_APPGE 
mercy_NN1 ,_, but_CCB killed_VVD his_APPGE wives_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Now_RT Moki_NP1 's_GE men_NN2 had_VHD killed_VVN Tu-te-kawa_NP1 
but_CCB Tu-te-kawa_NP1 's_GE son_NN1 had_VHD spared_VVN Moki_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 payment_NN1 and_CC repayment_NN1 is_VBZ an_AT1 
illustration_NN1 of_IO the_AT forces_NN2 at_II work_NN1 to_TO maintain_VVI 
a_AT1 balance_NN1 of_IO power_NN1 between_II rival_JJ factions_NN2 within_II 
a_AT1 tribe_NN1 so_CS21 that_CS22 society_NN was_VBDZ in_II a_AT1 state_NN1 
of_IO equilibrium_NN1 and_CC therefore_RR ,_, peace_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT long_JJ history_NN1 of_IO warfare_NN1 in_II Maori_JJ 
society_NN must_VM be_VBI placed_VVN in_II the_AT context_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 
system_NN1 of_IO thought_NN1 which_DDQ accepted_VVD the_AT sacrifice_NN1 of_IO 
the_AT individual_NN1 without_IW qualm_NN1 ,_, in_II the_AT interests_NN2 
of_IO achieving_VVG an_AT1 overall_JJ balance_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT next_MD morning_NNT1 Moki_NP1 and_CC Te_AT 
Rakitamau_NP1 made_VVD peace_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL While_CS Te_AT Rakitamau_NP1 became_VVD Moki_NP1 's_GE vassal_NN1 ,_, 
he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ wary_JJ enough_RR to_TO ignore_VVI Moki_NP1 's_GE 
instruction_NN1 to_TO live_VVI at_II Kaiapoi_NP1 ,_, and_CC instead_RR 
went_VVD to_II Paturiki_NP1 ,_, now_RT Longbeach_NP1 ,_, near_II Ashburton_NP1 
._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Late_RR last_MD century_NNT1 Tu-te-kawa_NP1 's_GE village_NN1 
,_, Waikakahi_NP1 ,_, was_VBDZ the_AT location_NN1 of_IO *'_" Wascoes_NP1 
Inn_NNL1 **'_" ,_, or_CC the_AT Birdlings_NN2 Flat_NN1 Hotel_NNL1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 change_NN1 station_NN1 at_II which_DDQ 
fresh_JJ horses_NN2 were_VBDR hitched_VVN to_II coaches_NN2 on_II the_AT 
Christchurch-Akaroa_NP1 run_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Archaeological_JJ investigations_NN2 of_IO the_AT site_NN1 have_VH0 
shown_VVN that_CST the_AT village_NN1 was_VBDZ spread_VVN over_II an_AT1 
area_NN1 of_IO about_RG three_MC hectares_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL After_CS their_APPGE victory_NN1 at_II Waikakahi_NP1 ,_, 
Moki_NP1 's_GE party_NN ranged_VVD over_RP Banks_NP Peninsula_NNL1 
claiming_VVG land_NN1 for_IF themselves_PPX2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT rule_NN1 of_IO ownership_NN1 was_VBDZ that_CST a_AT1 chief_NN1 
was_VBDZ entitled_VVN to_II as_RG much_DA1 land_NN1 as_CSA he_PPHS1 could_VM 
walk_VVI over_RP before_II meeting_VVG another_DD1 claimant_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL But_CCB Moki_NP1 himself_PPX1 was_VBDZ fated_JJ never_RR to_TO 
join_VVI in_II the_AT spoils_NN2 of_IO victory_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL While_CS on_II a_AT1 raid_NN1 further_RRR south_ND1 he_PPHS1 
inadvertently_RR insulted_VVD two_MC women_NN2 in_II a_AT1 joke_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT women_NN2 reported_VVD the_AT insult_NN1 to_II two_MC 
powerful_JJ tohunga_NN1 ,_, who_PNQS laid_VVD a_AT1 strong_JJ curse_NN1 on_II 
Moki_NP1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Moki_NP1 was_VBDZ unable_JJ to_TO resist_VVI the_AT power_NN1 
of_IO the_AT curse_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT great_JJ chief_NN1 dwindled_VVD 
into_II death_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL His_APPGE last_MD wish_NN1 was_VBDZ that_CST he_PPHS1 be_VBI 
buried_VVN on_II a_AT1 mountaintop_NN1 at_II Kaikoura_NP1 where_RRQ his_APPGE 
spirit_NN1 could_VM gaze_VVI northwards_RL to_II his_APPGE *1_NULL kainga_NN1 
ake_NN1 ,_, *0_NULL or_CC true_JJ home_NN1 ,_, at_II far_RR away_RL 
Turanga_NP1 (_( Gisborne_NP1 )_) ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Moki_NP1 's_GE followers_NN2 tried_VVD to_TO fulfil_VVI 
his_APPGE dying_JJ wish_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 set_VV0 out_RP on_II their_APPGE journey_NN1 to_II 
Kaikoura_NP1 with_IW his_APPGE body_NN1 on_II a_AT1 stretcher_NN1 ,_, but_CCB 
the_AT remains_NN2 became_VVD so_RG putrid_JJ that_CST they_PPHS2 stopped_VVD 
under_II the_AT mountain_NN1 ,_, lit_VVD a_AT1 fire_NN1 ,_, and_CC 
cremated_VVD them_PPHO2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT men_NN2 carried_VVD Moki_NP1 's_GE head_NN1 back_RP 
to_II Pekapeka_NP1 ,_, or_CC Woodend_NP1 ,_, for_IF the_AT tribe_NN1 to_TO 
mourn_VVI the_AT leader_NN1 who_PNQS established_VVD Kai_NP1 Tahu_NP1 's_GE 
*1_NULL mana_NN1 ,_, *0_NULL or_CC power_NN1 ,_, in_II the_AT Canterbury_NP1 
area_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL According_II21 to_II22 Kai_NP1 Tahu_NP1 history_NN1 ,_, 
Moki_NP1 's_GE fate_NN1 also_RR brought_VVN about_II the_AT deaths_NN2 of_IO 
his_APPGE father_NN1 ,_, his_APPGE brother_NN1 and_CC his_APPGE 
half-brother_NN1 ,_, together_II21 with_II22 a_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO other_JJ 
Kai_NP1 Tahu_NP1 chiefs_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT history_NN1 's_VBZ emphasis_NN1 on_II wiping_VVG out_RP 
Moki_NP1 's_GE powerful_JJ connections_NN2 suggests_VVZ that_CST it_PPH1 
was_VBDZ recorded_VVN by_II a_AT1 rival_JJ group_NN ,_, which_DDQ was_VBDZ 
concerned_JJ to_TO establish_VVI its_APPGE own_DA claim_NN1 to_II South_NP 
Island_NP1 prominence_NN1 over_II those_DD2 of_IO the_AT *1_NULL hapu_NN1 ,_, 
*0_NULL or_CC clan_NN1 ,_, to_II which_DDQ Moki_NP1 and_CC his_APPGE family_NN 
belonged_VVD ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL When_CS Moki_NP1 's_GE father_NN1 ,_, Tu-ahu-riri_NP1 ,_, 
and_CC his_APPGE brother_NN1 Hamua_NP1 heard_VVD the_AT news_NN1 of_IO 
his_APPGE death_NN1 they_PPHS2 set_VV0 out_RP for_IF the_AT South_NP 
Island_NP1 from_II Hataitai_NP1 ,_, in_II present_JJ day_NNT1 Wellington_NP1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL Ignoring_NP1 advice_NN1 to_TO take_VVI a_AT1 double_JJ canoe_NN1 ,_, 
and_CC failing_VVG to_TO make_VVI the_AT proper_JJ *1_NULL karakia_NN1 ,_, 
*0_NULL or_CC prayers_NN2 ,_, to_TO protect_VVI them_PPHO2 from_II storms_NN2 
,_, the_AT whole_JJ party_NN drowned_VVD in_II Cook_NP Strait_NNL1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Meanwhile_RR ,_, Moki_NP1 's_GE half_NN brother_NN1 
Tane-tiki_NP1 had_VHD also_RR drowned_VVN while_CS on_II an_AT1 expedition_NN1 
to_II the_AT West_NP Coast_NP1 in_II31 search_II32 of_II33 greenstone_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Tane-tiki_NP1 's_GE party_NN came_VVD into_II conflict_NN1 with_IW 
the_AT two_MC tohunga_NN1 who_PNQS had_VHD been_VBN responsible_JJ for_IF 
the_AT death_NN1 of_IO Moki_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL These_DD2 tohunga_NN1 ,_, forewarned_VVD of_IO the_AT expedition_NN1 
's_VBZ approach_NN1 ,_, sent_VVD a_AT1 storm_NN1 to_TO force_VVI the_AT 
party_NN to_TO turn_VVI back_RP towards_II the_AT east_ND1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Tane-tiki_NP1 and_CC his_APPGE men_NN2 persevered_VVD and_CC 
built_VVD *1_NULL mokihi_NN2 ,_, *0_NULL or_CC flax_NN1 rafts_NN2 ,_, to_TO 
speed_VVI their_APPGE journey_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Some_DD of_IO these_DD2 overturned_VVN in_II rapids_NN2 and_CC 
Tane-tiki_NP1 and_CC most_DAT of_IO his_APPGE company_NN1 were_VBDR 
drowned_VVN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL One_MC1 other_JJ brother_NN1 survived_VVN in_II the_AT 
South_NP Island_NP1 ,_, but_CCB because_CS the_AT traditions_NN2 are_VBR 
concerned_JJ to_TO play_VVI down_RP the_AT power_NN1 of_IO Tu-ahu-riri_NP1 
's_GE sons_NN2 ,_, they_PPHS2 are_VBR careful_JJ to_TO stress_VVI that_CST 
he_PPHS1 gave_VVD up_RP the_AT life_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 warrior_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL This_DD1 brother_NN1 was_VBDZ called_VVN Tu-rakau-tahi_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ badly_RR wounded_VVN while_CS campaigning_VVG in_II 
the_AT south_ND1 ,_, and_CC carried_VVD back_RP to_II Kaiapoi_NP1 ,_, close_RR 
to_II death_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Tu-rakau-tahi_NP1 had_VHD his_APPGE weapons_NN2 hung_VVN up_RP 
in_II31 front_II32 of_II33 his_APPGE eyes_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Gazing_VVG upon_II them_PPHO2 ,_, he_PPHS1 vowed_VVD that_CST if_CS 
only_RR he_PPHS1 might_VM recover_VVI he_PPHS1 would_VM never_RR fight_VVI 
again_RT ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT people_NN gathered_VVD for_IF his_APPGE *1_NULL 
tangi_NN2 ,_, *0_NULL or_CC funeral_NN1 ,_, decided_VVD that_CST the_AT 
only_JJ thing_NN1 that_CST might_VM cure_VVI Tu-rakau-tahi_NP1 was_VBDZ 
*1_NULL hinu_NN1 tangata_NN1 ,_, *0_NULL or_CC the_AT fat_NN1 of_IO men_NN2 
._. 

^ ^_NULL Word_NN1 was_VBDZ sent_VVN north_ND1 to_II where_RRQ there_EX 
was_VBDZ fighting_VVG ,_, and_CC some_DD of_IO the_AT victims_NN2 were_VBDR 
cooked_VVN and_CC their_APPGE fat_NN1 collected_VVD and_CC sent_VVN to_II 
Kaiapoi_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT melted_JJ fat_NN1 was_VBDZ poured_VVN in_II the_AT wounds_NN2 
,_, and_CC Tu-rakau-tahi_NP1 recovered_VVD ._. 

^ ^_NULL True_JJ to_II his_APPGE word_NN1 ,_, he_PPHS1 never_RR fought_VVN 
again_RT ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 is_VBZ credited_VVN with_IW building_VVG the_AT famous_JJ 
pa_NN1 at_II Kaiapoi_NP1 ._. 

^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Maungahuka_NP1 :_: the_AT nearest_JJT maori_JJ 
settlement_NN1 to_II the_AT south_ND1 pole_NN1 *>_NULL 

^ *<_NULL *2_NULL PART_NN1 1_MC1 *>_NULL 

^ *<_NULL *0_NULL na_FW Buddy_NP1 Mikaere_NP1 (_( Ngati_NP1 Pukenga/_FO 
Ngati_NP1 Ranginui_NP1 )_) *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL In_II 1835_MC the_AT Ngati_NP1 Mutunga_NP1 and_CC 
Ngati_NP1 Tama_NP1 hapu_NN1 of_IO Te_AT Atiawa_NP1 living_VVG in_II 
Wellington_NP1 felt_VVD trapped_VVD ._. 

^ ^_NULL Pressed_JJ by_II their_APPGE former_DA ally_NN1 Te_AT Rauparaha_NP1 
in_II the_AT west_ND1 and_CC expecting_VVG attack_NN1 from_II Ngati_NP1 
Kahungunu_NP1 to_II the_AT east_ND1 ,_, they_PPHS2 sailed_VVD for_IF 
Wharekauri_NP1 (_( the_AT Chatham_NP Islands_NNL2 )_) ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 conquered_VVD its_APPGE Moriori_JJ inhabitants_NN2 ,_, 
and_CC made_VVD their_APPGE living_JJ by_II selling_VVG vegetables_NN2 and_CC 
pork_NN1 to_II the_AT whaling_NN1 trade_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Their_APPGE easy_JJ conquest_NN1 of_IO the_AT peaceful_JJ 
Moriori_NP1 had_VHD given_VVN the_AT Wharekauri_NP1 Ngati_NP1 Mutunga_NP1 
a_AT1 taste_NN1 for_IF territorial_JJ expansion_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL A_AT1 plan_NN1 was_VBDZ made_VVN to_TO invade_VVI distant_JJ 
Samoa_NP1 and_CC Ngati_NP1 Mutunga_NP1 approached_VVD visiting_VVG ships_NN2 
for_IF transport_NN1 for_IF about_II one_MC1 hundred_NNO people_NN ._. 

^ ^_NULL Fortunately_RR the_AT whaling_NN1 captains_NN2 ,_, aware_JJ that_CST 
Samoa_NP1 had_VHD a_AT1 large_JJ and_CC warlike_JJ population_NN1 ,_, 
declined_VVD to_TO involve_VVI themselves_PPX2 in_II such_DA a_AT1 reckless_JJ 
scheme_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II 1842_MC Ngati_NP1 Mutunga_NP1 decided_VVD to_TO 
colonise_VVI the_AT uninhabited_JJ Auckland_NP1 islands_NN2 far_RR to_II 
the_AT south_ND1 of_IO Wharekauri_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 island_NN1 group_NN had_VHD been_VBN visited_VVN ten_MC 
years_NNT2 earlier_RRR by_II a_AT1 chief_NN1 called_VVN Tauru_NP1 Matioro_NP1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL Now_RT ,_, he_PPHS1 and_CC his_APPGE father-in-law_NN1 ,_, 
Patukumikumi_NP1 ,_, chartered_VVD a_AT1 ship_NN1 to_TO take_VVI them_PPHO2 
to_II Maungahuka_NP1 ,_, as_CSA they_PPHS2 named_VVD their_APPGE 
destination_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL About_RG forty_MC Ngati_NP1 Mutunga_NP1 and_CC twenty-five_MC 
Moriori_JJ slaves_NN2 left_VVN on_II the_AT 500-kilometre_JJ journey_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL When_CS they_PPHS2 arrived_VVD ,_, a_AT1 party_NN led_VVN by_II 
the_AT chief_JJ Motukaraka_NP1 set_VVD off_RP to_II takahi_NN2 the_AT land_NN1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL One_MC1 walk_NN1 over_II the_AT bleak_JJ main_JJ island_NN1 was_VBDZ 
enough_RR for_IF Motukaraka_NP1 ,_, and_CC he_PPHS1 and_CC a_AT1 companion_NN1 
called_VVN Tangari_NP1 Te_AT Umu_NP1 got_VVD back_RP on_RL21 board_RL22 the_AT 
ship_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Fearing_VVG that_CST the_AT rest_NN1 of_IO the_AT Maoris_NP2 would_VM 
be_VBI of_IO the_AT same_DA mind_NN1 ,_, the_AT Captain_NN1 hastily_RR 
weighed_JJ anchor_NN1 and_CC sailed_VVD away_RP ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Matioro_NP1 and_CC the_AT rest_NN1 were_VBDR left_VVN 
stranded_VVD on_II the_AT beach_NN1 ,_, and_CC had_VHD to_TO make_VVI 
shift_NN1 to_TO survive_VVI ._. 

^ ^_NULL As_II a_AT1 protection_NN1 against_II the_AT harsh_JJ 
sub-antarctic_JJ climate_NN1 ,_, they_PPHS2 built_VVD a_AT1 pa_NN1 on_II a_AT1 
bluff_NN1 overlooking_VVG the_AT harbour_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 had_VHD meat_NN1 ,_, because_CS previous_JJ voyagers_NN2 
had_VHD liberated_VVN goats_NN2 and_CC pigs_VVZ on_II the_AT island_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Kekeno_NP1 (_( seals_NN2 )_) were_VBDR sometimes_RT eaten_VVN and_CC 
their_APPGE skins_NN2 used_VVN ,_, Moriori_NP1 fashion_NN1 ,_, for_IF 
clothing_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL From_II the_AT sea_NN1 they_PPHS2 got_VVD kuku_NN1 ,_, and_CC a_AT1 
kind_NN1 of_IO fish_NN called_VVN kokopu_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL As_CSA at_II Wharekauri_NP1 ,_, there_EX were_VBDR young_JJ 
albatross_NN1 to_TO be_VBI caught_VVN on_II the_AT cliff_NN1 tops_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Maoris_NP2 found_VVD a_AT1 substitute_NN1 for_IF 
flax_NN1 on_II the_AT island_NN1 ,_, while_CS a_AT1 plant_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 
leaf_NN1 like_II a_AT1 turnip_NN1 top_NN1 was_VBDZ used_VVN as_II a_AT1 
vegetable_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT humble_JJ potato_NN1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 prized_JJ crop_NN1 ,_, 
although_CS there_EX was_VBDZ only_RR one_MC1 part_NN1 of_IO the_AT island_NN1 
where_CS it_PPH1 would_VM grow_VVI ._. 

^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 178+TEXT+F35_FO **]_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL European_JJ arrival_NN1 in_II the_AT Pacific_NP1 
has_VHZ been_VBN labelled_VVN a_AT1 *'_" fatal_JJ impact_NN1 **'_" (_( 
Moorhead_NP1 1966_MC )_) because_II21 of_II22 the_AT great_JJ changes_NN2 
to_II the_AT small_JJ scale_NN1 societies_NN2 ,_, their_APPGE religion_NN1 ,_, 
ecology_NN1 and_CC economy_NN1 through_II the_AT introduction_NN1 of_IO 
European_JJ technology_NN1 and_CC ideology_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Dance_NN1 and_CC music_NN1 ,_, closely_RR related_VVN to_II 
religious_JJ observance_NN1 and_CC social_JJ ideology_NN1 ,_, received_VVD 
direct_JJ assault_NN1 (_( as_CSA missionaries_NN2 banned_VVD dancing_NN1 )_) 
and_CC indirect_JJ effects_NN2 as_CSA societies_NN2 changed_VVN and_CC new_JJ 
realities_NN2 came_VVD to_TO be_VBI expressed_VVN in_II the_AT art_NN1 
forms_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB even_RR under_II these_DD2 conditions_NN2 the_AT 
introduction_NN1 of_IO the_AT European_JJ ways_NN2 proved_VVD far_RR from_II 
a_AT1 *'_" fatal_JJ impact_NN1 **'_" *-_- distinctive_JJ dance_NN1 and_CC 
music_NN1 remain_VV0 the_AT central_JJ cultural_JJ expressions_NN2 in_II 
many_DA2 Pacific_NP Island_NNL1 societies_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Among_II the_AT dances_NN2 most_RGT popularly_RR and_CC 
frequently_RR performed_VVN today_RT are_VBR those_DD2 which_DDQ appear_VV0 
to_TO have_VHI originated_VVN in_II recent_JJ times_NNT2 and_CC to_TO be_VBI 
influenced_VVN by_II European_JJ ways_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Although_CS some_DD outsiders_NN2 may_VM refer_VVI slightingly_RR 
to_II these_DD2 as_RG *'_" derived_JJ **'_" or_CC *'_" acculturated_JJ **'_" 
forms_NN2 ,_, they_PPHS2 command_VV0 the_AT allegiance_NN1 of_IO those_DD2 
who_PNQS practise_VV0 and_CC perform_VV0 them_PPHO2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 are_VBR the_AT focus_NN1 of_IO much_DA1 creative_JJ 
effort_NN1 in_II new_JJ compositions_NN2 ,_, and_CC are_VBR a_AT1 
message-bearing_JJ vehicle_NN1 in_II the_AT society_NN ._. 

^ ^_NULL Though_CS the_AT dances_NN2 have_VH0 an_AT1 acknowledged_JJ recent_JJ 
*'_" origin_NN1 **'_" yet_RR they_PPHS2 are_VBR an_AT1 accepted_JJ part_NN1 
of_IO the_AT authentic_JJ tradition_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Though_CS named_VVN as_CSA new_JJ dances_NN2 they_PPHS2 contain_VV0 
,_, maybe_RR predominantly_RR ,_, old_JJ features_NN2 in_II new_JJ 
relationship_NN1 to_II one_PPX121 another_PPX122 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Although_CS studies_NN2 of_IO these_DD2 forms_NN2 are_VBR 
still_RR relatively_RR few_DA2 in_II number_NN1 it_PPH1 is_VBZ the_AT 
intention_NN1 in_II this_DD1 paper_NN1 to_TO summarise_VVI and_CC compare_VVI 
some_DD aspects_NN2 of_IO the_AT origins_NN2 and_CC development_NN1 of_IO 
four_MC contemporary_JJ genres_NN2 ,_, (_( the_AT *4_NULL lakalaka_NN1 *0_NULL 
of_IO Tonga_NP1 ,_, the_AT *4_NULL fa_NN1 *?_NULL 1tele_FO *0_NULL of_IO 
Tokelau_NP1 ,_, the_AT Hawaiian_JJ *4_NULL hula_NN1 ku'i_NN2 ,_, *0_NULL 
and_CC the_AT Maori_JJ action_NN1 song_NN1 of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 )_) as_CSA 
this_DD1 development_NN1 is_VBZ reported_VVN in_II the_AT various_JJ 
studies_NN2 has_VHZ (_( see_VV0 bibliography_NN1 )_) ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 represent_VV0 the_AT many_DA2 genres_NN2 which_DDQ 
originated_VVD in_II a_AT1 period_NN1 of_IO intensive_JJ innovation_NN1 and_CC 
adjustment_NN1 within_II the_AT traditional_JJ arts_NN2 ._. 

^ *<_NULL *2_NULL TONGA_NP1 *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Tongan_NP1 dances_VVZ ,_, particularly_RR the_AT 
impressive_JJ *4_NULL lakalaka_NN1 *0_NULL are_VBR among_II the_AT most_RGT 
intensively_RR studied_VVN of_IO Pacific_NP1 forms_VVZ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Adrienne_NP1 Kaeppler_NP1 gives_VVZ this_DD1 account_NN1 of_IO the_AT 
origin_NN1 of_IO the_AT dance_NN1 :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Eric_NP1 Shumway_NP1 sees_VVZ 
the_AT same_DA kind_NN1 of_IO link_NN1 between_II the_AT music_NN1 of_IO 
the_AT *4_NULL lakalaka_NN1 *0_NULL and_CC earlier_JJR music_NN1 :_: 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL *<_NULL *2_NULL HAWAII_NP1 *>_NULL 

^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL In_II the_AT century_NNT1 
since_CS its_APPGE recognition_NN1 as_II a_AT1 distinct_JJ dance_NN1 form_VV0 
the_AT blend_NN1 of_IO old_JJ and_CC new_JJ ,_, and_CC the_AT components_NN2 
themselves_PPX2 of_IO *4_NULL hula_NN1 ku'i_NN2 *0_NULL have_VH0 undergone_VVN 
changes_VVZ *-_- the_AT *'_" new_JJ **'_" components_NN2 of_IO the_AT late_JJ 
19th_MD century_NNT1 ,_, became_VVD the_AT *'_" old_JJ **'_" 
characteristics_NN2 for_IF later_JJR generations_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT continuing_JJ evolution_NN1 of_IO the_AT dance_NN1 has_VHZ 
made_VVN its_APPGE appreciation_NN1 (_( and_CC definition_NN1 )_) in_II the_AT 
contemporary_JJ Hawaiian_JJ renaissance_NN1 of_IO traditional_JJ arts_NN2 
problematic_JJ :_: is_VBZ the_AT *4_NULL hula_NN1 ku'i_NN2 ,_, kahiko_NN1 
*0_NULL (_( ancient_JJ )_) or_CC *4_NULL auana_NN1 *0_NULL (_( modern_JJ )_) 
?_? 

^ ^_NULL Profound_JJ musical_JJ changes_NN2 illustrate_VV0 this_DD1 
dilemma_NN1 :_: ^_NULL *4_NULL Hula_NP1 ku'i_NN2 *0_NULL was_VBDZ at_RR21 
first_RR22 chanted_VVN ,_, with_IW vocal_JJ techniques_NN2 of_IO the_AT old_JJ 
*4_NULL hula_NN1 *0_NULL performance_NN1 style_NN1 but_CCB with_IW melodic_JJ 
contour_NN1 derived_VVN from_II western_JJ tonic-dominant_JJ harmony_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 *4_NULL mele_NN1 hula_NN1 ku'i_NN2 *0_NULL was_VBDZ 
frequently_RR accompanied_VVN by_II percussion_NN1 instruments_NN2 the_AT 
gourd_NN1 rattle_NN1 feather_NN1 decorated_VVN **[_NULL sic_RR **]_NULL (_( 
*4_NULL '_" uli'uli_NN2 )_) ,_, *0_NULL split_JJ bamboo_NN1 rattle_NN1 (_( 
*4_NULL pulih_NN1 )_) *0_NULL gourd_NN1 drum_NN1 (_( *4_NULL ipu_NN1 )_) ._. 

^ ^_NULL *0_NULL But_CCB as_II the_AT accompaniment_NN1 changed_VVN to_II 
strummed_JJ guitar_NN1 or_CC ukulele_NN1 (_( themselves_PPX2 thoroughly_RR 
Hawaiianised_JJ western_JJ instruments_NN2 )_) the_AT melodies_NN2 were_VBDR 
progressively_RR sung_VVN **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL rather_II21 than_II22 
chanted_JJ ,_, and_CC the_AT pitch_NN1 level_NN1 and_CC contour_NN1 
adjusted_VVD to_II the_AT accompanying_JJ instruments_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL While_CS the_AT resulting_JJ sung_JJ *4_NULL hula_NN1 ku'i_NN2 
*0_NULL is_VBZ musically_RR distinct_JJ from_II chanted_JJ *4_NULL hula_NN1 
ku'i_NN2 *0_NULL there_EX are_VBR continuities_NN2 between_II the_AT two_MC 
,_, and_CC an_AT1 overall_JJ process_NN1 of_IO continuing_VVG 
recombination_NN1 of_IO old_JJ and_CC new_JJ ,_, Hawaiian_JJ and_CC western_JJ 
elements_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT musical_JJ changes_NN2 ,_, as_CC31 well_CC32 as_CC33 
those_DD2 in_II dance_NN1 ,_, text_NN1 and_CC costuming_VVG ,_, indeed_RR 
the_AT whole_JJ phenomenon_NN1 of_IO *4_NULL hula_NN1 ku'i_NN2 *0_NULL can_VM 
be_VBI seen_VVN as_II a_AT1 reflection_NN1 of_IO changing_VVG social_JJ 
values_NN2 :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL *<_NULL *2_NULL NEW_NP ZEALAND_NP1 *-_- 
AOTEAROA_NP1 *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL Waiata_NP1 kori_NN2 ,_, waiata-a_AT1 *?_NULL 
1-ringa_NN1 *0_NULL (_( the_AT Maori_JJ action_NN1 song_NN1 )_) is_VBZ 
without_IW equivocation_NN1 a_AT1 20th_MD Century_NNT1 innovation_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Most_RGT commonly_RR the_AT origin_NN1 of_IO the_AT action_NN1 
song_NN1 is_VBZ linked_VVN with_IW the_AT name_NN1 of_IO Sir_NNB Apirana_NP1 
Ngata_NP1 *-_- Member_NN1 of_IO Parliament_NNJ ,_, and_CC the_AT most_RGT 
prominent_JJ leader_NN1 in_II the_AT revival_NN1 of_IO traditional_JJ Maori_JJ 
life_NN1 ,_, and_CC Maori_JJ adaptation_NN1 to_II European_JJ society_NN ,_, 
in_II the_AT early_JJ years_NNT2 of_IO the_AT 20th_MD Century_NNT1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Many_DA2 others_NN2 contributed_VVD to_II the_AT action_NN1 song_NN1 
development_NN1 over_II several_DA2 decades_NNT2 (_( see_VV0 Shennan_NP1 
1984_MC )_) ,_, and_CC there_EX is_VBZ already_RR interesting_JJ contrast_NN1 
between_II the_AT earlier_JJR and_CC the_AT later_JJR years_NNT2 of_IO 
its_APPGE history_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Today_RT the_AT Maori_JJ action_NN1 song_NN1 is_VBZ 
effectively_RR the_AT national_JJ dance_NN1 of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ performed_VVN on_II all_DB manner_NN1 of_IO public_NN 
and_CC social_JJ occasions_NN2 ,_, and_CC most_RGT surely_RR at_II all_DB 
manner_NN1 of_IO Maori_JJ gatherings_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL There_EX are_VBR examples_NN2 of_IO highly_RR formal_JJ through_II 
to_II quite_RG informal_JJ compositions_NN2 and_CC renditions_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Today_RT 's_GE action_NN1 songs_NN2 vary_VV0 in_II a_AT1 number_NN1 
of_IO dance_NN1 and_CC music_NN1 aspects_NN2 from_II the_AT classics_NN2 of_IO 
the_AT first_MD few_DA2 decades_NNT2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Originally_RR European_JJ tunes_NN2 ,_, often_RR from_II popular_JJ 
songs_NN2 ,_, were_VBDR employed_VVN in_II the_AT action_NN1 songs_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT Maori_JJ song_NN1 may_VM not_XX in_II any_DD way_NN1 
reflect_VV0 the_AT emotion_NN1 of_IO the_AT European_JJ original_NN1 *-_- 
the_AT tunes_NN2 were_VBDR employed_VVN simply_RR as_RG vehicles_NN2 for_IF 
the_AT words_NN2 (_( as_CSA chants_NN2 had_VHD done_VDN in_II the_AT 
traditional_JJ repertoire_NN1 ._. )_) 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Action_NN1 songs_NN2 are_VBR not_XX mimed_JJ dances_NN2 ;_; 
the_AT hand_NN1 actions_NN2 are_VBR stylised_JJ renditions_NN2 of_IO the_AT 
emotion_NN1 of_IO the_AT words_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL One_MC1 early_JJ dance_NN1 which_DDQ mimed_VVD the_AT building_NN1 
of_IO house_NN1 **[_NULL sic_RR **]_NULL is_VBZ reported_VVN (_( see_VV0 
Shennan_NP1 1984_MC )_) but_CCB this_DD1 aspect_NN1 of_IO performance_NN1 
did_VDD not_XX continue_VVI beyond_II an_AT1 obviously_RR experimental_JJ 
early_JJ stage_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Themes_NP1 can_VM tend_VVI to_II the_AT formal_JJ and_CC 
oratorical_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Many_DA2 action_NN1 songs_NN2 offer_VV0 the_AT formal_JJ greeting_NN1 
of_IO an_AT1 orator_NN1 ,_, though_CS other_JJ songs_NN2 may_VM be_VBI 
more_RGR intimate_JJ or_CC humorous_JJ ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX are_VBR several_DA2 features_NN2 of_IO the_AT 
dance_NN1 movement_NN1 which_DDQ have_VH0 found_VVN their_APPGE way_NN1 
from_II older_JJR dances_NN2 into_II the_AT new_JJ form_NN1 ,_, through_II 
deep-rooted_JJ aesthetic_JJ preference_NN1 as_CC31 well_CC32 as_CC33 
through_II conscious_JJ selection_NN1 by_II composers_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL For_REX21 example_REX22 in_II the_AT *4_NULL ringa_NN1 *0_NULL (_( 
arm/_FO hand_NN1 movements_NN2 )_) of_IO action_NN1 song_NN1 ,_, (_( at_RR21 
least_RR22 as_II21 regards_II22 their_APPGE shape_NN1 ,_, though_CS not_XX 
their_APPGE dynamics_NN )_) ,_, continuity_NN1 can_VM be_VBI recognized_VVN 
from_II *4_NULL pa_NN1 *?_NULL 1tere_FO ,_, haka_NN1 powhiri_NN2 *0_NULL 
and_CC *4_NULL haka_NN1 taparahi_NN2 ,_, *0_NULL all_DB traditional_JJ 
genres_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT formation_NN1 of_IO the_AT performance_NN1 group_NN is_VBZ 
that_DD1 of_IO *4_NULL haka_NN1 powhiri_NN2 *-_- *0_NULL the_AT chant_NN1 
dance_NN1 of_IO welcome_NN1 onto_II the_AT *4_NULL marae_NN2 *0_NULL in_II 
which_DDQ the_AT women_NN2 are_VBR ranked_VVN in_II lines_NN2 in_II31 
front_II32 of_II33 the_AT men_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT aspect_NN1 of_IO relating_VVG to_II an_AT1 audience_NN 
(_( which_DDQ will_VM probably_RR reply_VVI in_II kind_NN1 )_) and_CC also_RR 
in_II the_AT fundamental_JJ foot/_FO leg_NN1 action_NN1 marking_VVG the_AT 
beat_NN1 ,_, the_AT influence_NN1 of_IO *4_NULL haka_NN1 powhiri_NN2 *0_NULL 
and_CC *4_NULL haka_NN1 taparahi_NN2 *0_NULL is_VBZ apparent_JJ ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Above_II all_DB it_PPH1 is_VBZ the_AT age-old_JJ feature_NN1 
of_IO the_AT *4_NULL wiri_NN2 ,_, *0_NULL the_AT life-giving_JJ quiver_NN1 
which_DDQ vibrates_VVZ through_II so_RG many_DA2 stylized_JJ movement_NN1 
forms_VVZ *-_- *4_NULL haka_NN1 ,_, wero_NN1 *0_NULL (_( traditional_JJ 
challenge_NN1 )_) ,_, gestures_NN2 of_IO *4_NULL whaiko_NN1 *?_NULL 1rero_FO 
*0_NULL (_( traditional_JJ challenge_NN1 )_) ,_, that_DD1 gives_VVZ action_NN1 
song_NN1 its_APPGE pedigree_NN1 as_II a_AT1 Maori_JJ dance_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL \_NULL Mrs_NNB Witarina_NP1 Harris_NP1 :_: 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Thus_RR while_CS everyone_PN1 
knows_VVZ that_DD1 action_NN1 songs_NN2 were_VBDR born_VVN in_II the_AT 
20th_MD century_NNT1 ,_, it_PPH1 could_VM be_VBI said_VVN that_CST they_PPHS2 
were_VBDR conceived_VVN a_PN31 great_PN32 deal_PN33 earlier_RRR ._. 

^ *<_NULL *2_NULL TOKELAU_NP1 *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT *4_NULL fa_NN1 *?_NULL 1tele_FO *0_NULL (_( 
the_AT modern_JJ action_NN1 song_NN1 )_) of_IO Tokelau_NP1 is_VBZ likely_JJ 
to_TO be_VBI more_RGR recent_JJ than_CSN the_AT Polynesian_JJ dances_NN2 so_RG 
far_RR discussed_VVN ,_, but_CCB its_APPGE history_NN1 must_VM be_VBI 
reconstructed_VVN or_CC imagined_VVD from_II the_AT most_RGT slender_JJ 
evidence_NN1 because_CS very_RG few_DA2 European_JJ written_JJ records_NN2 
have_VH0 so_RG far_RR been_VBN discovered_VVN on_II the_AT circumstances_NN2 
or_CC personalities_NN2 involved_JJ with_IW the_AT dance_NN1 in_II the_AT 
past_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT *4_NULL fa_NN1 *?_NULL 1tele_FO *0_NULL is_VBZ a_AT1 
contemporary_JJ dance_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Two_MC ideas_NN2 are_VBR however_RR commonly_RR expressed_VVN on_II 
its_APPGE origin_NN1 :_: one_PN1 is_VBZ that_CST the_AT *4_NULL fa_NN1 *?_NULL 
1tele_FO *0_NULL was_VBDZ introduced_VVN from_II Tuvalu_NP1 to_II Tokelau_NP1 
,_, {_NULL i.e._REX }_NULL ,_, that_CST it_PPH1 was_VBDZ originally_RR a_AT1 
Tuvaluan_NP1 (_( Ellice_NP Island_NNL1 )_) dance_VV0 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT second_MD idea_NN1 is_VBZ that_CST the_AT dance_NN1 was_VBDZ 
introduced_VVN to_II Tokelau_NP1 under_II missionary_JJ influence_NN1 *-_- 
to_TO dance_VVI the_AT bible_NN1 stories_NN2 as_II a_AT1 means_NN of_IO 
teaching_NN1 people_NN about_II them_PPHO2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL This_DD1 statement_NN1 can_VM be_VBI interpreted_VVN as_II 
a_AT1 short_JJ *'_" myth_NN1 of_IO origin_NN1 **'_" for_IF the_AT *4_NULL 
fa_NN1 *?_NULL 1tele_FO *-_- *0_NULL it_PPH1 is_VBZ both_RR ,_, history_NN1 
(_( being_VBG located_VVN in_II historic_JJ time_NNT1 ,_, and_CC is_VBZ a_AT1 
feasible_JJ scenario_NN1 for_IF the_AT *'_" introduction_NN1 **'_" of_IO a_AT1 
dance_NN1 )_) ,_, and_CC it_PPH1 is_VBZ myth_NN1 (_( it_PPH1 pictures_VVZ 
in_II non-literal_JJ or_CC symbolic_JJ terms_NN2 the_AT relationship_NN1 
that_CST the_AT dance_NN1 has_VHZ with_IW contemporary_JJ society_NN )_) ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT combination_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 oppositions_NN2 ,_, myth_NN1 
and_CC history_NN1 ,_, is_VBZ subtle_JJ and_CC shifting_VVG ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_RL have_VH0 been_VBN a_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO contacts_NN2 
with_IW Tuvalu_NP1 ,_, during_II which_DDQ a_AT1 dance_NN1 could_VM have_VHI 
been_VBN introduced_VVN to_II Tokelau_NP1 ,_, \_NULL viz._REX an_AT1 Ellice_NP 
Island_NNL1 pastor_NN1 in_II Fakaofo_NP1 1895-1910_MCMC ;_; attendance_NN1 
by_II Tokelau_NP1 {_NULL LMS_NP }_NULL students_NN2 at_II Funafuti_NP1 
school_NN1 ;_; work_NN1 by_II Tokelauans_NP1 and_CC Tuvaluans_NP1 in_II 
Phoenix_NP Islands_NNL2 ,_, and_CC administration_NN of_IO the_AT Tokelaus_NP1 
from_II the_AT Ellice_NP Islands_NNL2 from_II 1910_MC to_II 1925_MC ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL But_CCB the_AT Tokelau_NP1 *4_NULL fa_NN1 *?_NULL 1tele_FO 
*0_NULL is_VBZ not_XX the_AT same_DA as_CSA the_AT Tuvaluan_NP1 one_MC1 (_( 
which_DDQ Tokelauans_NP1 **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL can_VM dance_VVI if_CSW 
they_PPHS2 intend_VV0 to_TO )_) nor_CC is_VBZ the_AT Tokelauan_NP1 *4_NULL 
fa_NN1 *?_NULL 1tele_FO *0_NULL associated_VVN with_IW ,_, or_CC centred_VVD 
on_RP ,_, those_DD2 points_NN2 at_II which_DDQ Tuvaluan_NP1 contact_NN1 
has_VHZ been_VBN made_VVN in_II Tokelau_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL As_II a_AT1 statement_NN1 expressing_VVG symbolic_JJ 
relationships_NN2 however_RR ,_, the_AT myth_NN1 of_IO origin_NN1 appears_VVZ 
to_II distance_NN1 the_AT *4_NULL fa_NN1 *?_NULL 1tele_FO *0_NULL from_II 
the_AT dominating_JJ Samoan_JJ influence_NN1 on_II Tokelau_NP1 *-_- the_AT 
Tuvaluan_NP1 attribution_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 cultural_JJ statement_NN1 in_II 
contradistinction_NN1 to_II the_AT Samoan_JJ presence_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT mention_NN1 of_IO missionaries_NN2 in_II the_AT 
myth_NN1 of_IO origin_NN1 is_VBZ also_RR likely_JJ to_TO contain_VVI both_RR 
historic_JJ and_CC mythic_JJ qualities_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Missionaries_NP1 in_II Tokelau_NP1 as_RG elsewhere_RL probably_RR 
encouraged_JJ action_NN1 songs_NN2 as_CSA a_AT1 means_NN of_IO learning_VVG 
bible_NN1 stories_NN2 (_( though_CS in_II this_DD1 they_PPHS2 were_VBDR 
drawing_VVG on_II earlier_JJR practice_NN1 of_IO the_AT Polynesian_JJ 
habit_NN1 of_IO songs_NN2 with_IW gestures_NN2 )_) ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB the_AT mention_NN1 of_IO the_AT missionaries_NN2 is_VBZ a_AT1 
more_RGR positive_JJ statement_NN1 *-_- the_AT dance_NN1 given_VVN this_DD1 
*'_" patronage_NN1 **'_" in_II the_AT myth_NN1 is_VBZ located_VVN in_II a_AT1 
central_JJ position_NN1 in_II the_AT church_NN1 dominated_VVD culture_NN1 
of_IO Tokelau_NP1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Even_CS21 if_CS22 research_NN1 were_VBDR to_TO reveal_VVI 
tomorrow_RT the_AT details_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 dance_NN1 *'_" introduction_NN1 
**'_" as_II an_AT1 historic_JJ fact_NN1 ,_, we_PPIS2 would_VM still_RR be_VBI 
confronted_VVN by_II a_AT1 myth_NN1 of_IO origin_NN1 as_II a_AT1 cultural_JJ 
construct_NN1 selecting_VVG some_DD historic_JJ facts_NN2 and_CC 
generalizing_VVG the_AT ownership_NN1 of_IO the_AT dance_NN1 away_II21 
from_II22 any_DD particular_JJ Church_NNJ or_CC atoll_NN1 (_( centripetal_JJ 
forces_NN2 in_II Tokelauan_NP1 culture_NN1 )_) and_CC allowing_VVG it_PPH1 
to_TO be_VBI the_AT equal_JJ property_NN1 of_IO all_DB ._. 

^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL These_DD2 abbreviated_JJ 
versions_NN2 of_IO the_AT work_NN1 currently_RR available_JJ on_II four_MC 
Polynesian_JJ contemporary_JJ dances_NN2 show_VV0 some_DD common_JJ 
threads_NN2 ,_, and_CC may_VM suggest_VVI ways_NN2 in_II which_DDQ 
approaches_NN2 in_II one_MC1 area_NN1 could_VM be_VBI fruitful_JJ in_II 
another_DD1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Ideas_NN2 about_II the_AT origin_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 dance_NN1 
may_VM be_VBI seen_VVN to_TO be_VBI linked_VVN ,_, in_II an_AT1 historic_JJ 
account_NN1 ,_, to_II central_JJ aspects_NN2 of_IO the_AT society_NN in_II 
such_DA a_AT1 way_NN1 as_CSA to_TO give_VVI maximum_JJ security_NN1 and_CC 
prestige_NN1 to_II the_AT dance_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL If_CS the_AT Tokelau_NP1 strategy_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO be_VBI 
followed_VVN these_DD2 accounts_NN2 should_VM be_VBI given_VVN 
consideration_NN1 both_RR as_RG history_NN1 and_CC as_CSA myth_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT cultural_JJ significance_NN1 of_IO the_AT account_NN1 
should_VM be_VBI examined_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ a_AT1 remarkable_JJ similarity_NN1 that_CST three_MC 
of_IO the_AT accounts_NN2 name_VV0 a_AT1 national_JJ *'_" hero_NN1 **'_" 
in_II31 connection_II32 with_II33 the_AT origin_NN1 of_IO the_AT dance_NN1 
*-_- one_PN1 who_PNQS was_VBDZ active_JJ at_II the_AT time_NNT1 but_CCB 
who_PNQS can_VM be_VBI seen_VVN today_RT as_CSA not_XX the_AT sole_JJ 
influential_JJ figure_NN1 ,_, particularly_RR on_II the_AT regional_JJ or_CC 
local_JJ level_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT *'_" hero_NN1 **'_" acts_VVZ as_II the_AT validator_NN1 of_IO 
innovative_JJ change_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Only_RR in_II the_AT Tokelauan_NP1 ideas_NN2 of_IO the_AT origin_NN1 
of_IO the_AT dance_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 *'_" hero_NN1 **'_" not_XX identified_VVN 
._. 

^ ^_NULL Tokelau_NP1 is_VBZ a_AT1 highly_RR egalitarian_JJ society_NN ,_, 
and_CC here_RL the_AT *'_" validators_NN2 **'_" of_IO change_NN1 are_VBR 
named_VVN as_CSA missionaries_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL One_MC1 unanswered_JJ question_NN1 is_VBZ ,_, *'_" how_RGQ 
much_DA1 does_VDZ the_AT account_NN1 of_IO the_AT origin_NN1 of_IO the_AT 
dance_NN1 matter_NN1 to_II the_AT participants_NN2 ?_? 

^ **'_" ^_NULL Most_DAT of_IO the_AT emergent_JJ dance_NN1 forms_VVZ 
through_II Polynesia_NP1 enjoy_VV0 a_AT1 vigorous_JJ creative_JJ life_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 stand_VV0 as_CSA central_JJ to_II the_AT traditional_JJ 
culture_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL *'_" Tradition_NN1 **'_" ,_, as_CSA discussed_VVN elsewhere_RL in_II 
this_DD1 symposium_NN1 ,_, is_VBZ not_XX primarily_RR or_CC necessarily_RR ,_, 
the_AT preservation_NN1 of_IO past_JJ forms_NN2 ;_; it_PPH1 is_VBZ not_XX 
anti-innovatory_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL However_RR ,_, the_AT positive_JJ aspect_NN1 of_IO tradition_NN1 ,_, 
often_RR involving_VVG a_AT1 continuity_NN1 from_II the_AT past_NN1 into_II 
present_JJ forms_NN2 are_VBR **[_NULL sic_RR **]_NULL harder_JJR to_TO 
define_VVI ._. 

^ ^_NULL Perhaps_RR the_AT studies_NN2 in_II Tongan_NP1 *4_NULL ma_NN1 *?_NULL 
1fana_FO *0_NULL the_AT warmth_NN1 and_CC enthusiasm_NN1 generated_VVD in_II 
audience_NN and_CC performer_NN1 ,_, and_CC *4_NULL heliaki_NN2 ,_, *0_NULL 
the_AT habit_NN1 of_IO obscuring_VVG the_AT true_JJ purpose_NN1 of_IO the_AT 
art_NN1 form_NN1 ,_, come_VVN closest_RRT to_II understanding_VVG this_DD1 
phenomenon_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT *4_NULL wiri_NN2 *0_NULL in_II Maori_JJ dance_NN1 has_VHZ 
a_AT1 similar_JJ function_NN1 in_II securing_VVG an_AT1 aesthetic_JJ base_NN1 
upon_II which_DDQ freedom_NN1 may_VM flourish_VVI without_IW threat_NN1 to_II 
identity_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL With_IW some_DD such_DA base_NN1 Polynesian_JJ dance_NN1 has_VHZ 
the_AT freedom_NN1 to_TO innovate_VVI *-_- a_AT1 spanish_JJ guitar_NN1 ,_, 
a_AT1 cellophane_NN1 or_CC plastic_NN1 skirt_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 western_JJ 
popular_JJ tune_NN1 ,_, or_CC biscuit_NN1 tin_NN1 drum_NN1 ,_, can_VM all_RR 
be_VBI accommodated_VVN without_IW disturbing_VVG the_AT central_JJ *'_" 
traditional_JJ **'_" nature_NN1 of_IO the_AT dance_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Indeed_RR each_DD1 will_VM have_VHI its_APPGE own_DA function_NN1 
in_II accumulating_VVG new_JJ meanings_NN2 and_CC associations_NN2 for_IF 
the_AT dance_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II a_AT1 recent_JJ study_NN1 of_IO drumming_VVG in_II 
the_AT Cook_NP Islands_NNL2 ,_, Wayne_NP1 Laird_NP1 gives_VVZ a_AT1 
definition_NN1 which_DDQ emphasises_VVZ that_CST the_AT word_NN1 *'_" 
tradition_NN1 **'_" is_VBZ by_RR31 no_RR32 means_RR33 the_AT same_DA as_CSA 
*'_" pre-European_JJ **'_" :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL 
Clearly_RR the_AT longevity_NN1 of_IO an_AT1 item_NN1 through_II history_NN1 
is_VBZ not_XX the_AT deciding_JJ factor_NN1 on_II whether_CSW31 or_CSW32 
not_CSW33 it_PPH1 is_VBZ established_VVN as_CSA traditional_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT dance_NN1 genres_NN2 ,_, in_II their_APPGE innovatory_JJ 
period_NN1 ,_, have_VH0 undergone_VVN major_JJ transformations_NN2 in_II 
incorporating_VVG new_JJ elements_NN2 and_CC rearranging_VVG the_AT old_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL What_DDQ is_VBZ remarkable_JJ is_VBZ that_CST ,_, although_CS the_AT 
transformations_NN2 have_VH0 taken_VVN place_NN1 largely_RR independently_RR 
,_, at_II different_JJ times_NNT2 and_CC under_RG diverse_JJ influences_NN2 
,_, there_EX has_VHZ still_RR resulted_VVN a_AT1 group_NN of_IO emergent_JJ 
dance_NN1 genres_NN2 which_DDQ have_VH0 familial_JJ resemblances_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT study_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 contrast_NN1 and_CC resemblence_NN1 
should_VM lead_VVI to_II an_AT1 appreciation_NN1 of_IO the_AT period_NN1 of_IO 
intense_JJ innovatory_JJ activity_NN1 during_II which_DDQ the_AT dances_NN2 
were_VBDR formed_VVN ._. 

^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 179+TEXT+F36_FO **]_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Savage_NP1 observed_VVD in_II 1807_MC in_II the_AT 
Bay_NN1 of_IO Islands_NN2 that_CST women_NN2 suffered_VVD little_RR from_II 
this_DD1 *"_" \_NULL barbrous_JJ custom_NN1 **"_" ,_, having_VHG only_RR a_AT1 
small_JJ spiral_JJ figure_NN1 on_II each_DD1 side_NN1 of_IO the_AT chin_NN1 
,_, a_AT1 semi-circular_JJ figure_NN1 over_II each_DD1 eyebrow_NN1 ,_, and_CC 
two_MC ,_, sometimes_RT three_MC ,_, thin_JJ lines_NN2 on_II each_DD1 lip_NN1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 makes_VVZ no_AT mention_NN1 of_IO body_NN1 tattoos_NN2 
for_IF women_NN2 (_( Savage_NP1 1807:4_MC )_) ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Rutherford_NP1 's_GE account_NN1 of_IO female_JJ moko_NN1 (_( 
Craik_NP1 1830:144_MC )_) says_VVZ :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL 
^_NULL According_II21 to_II22 Cruise_NP1 (_( 1824:267_MC )_) ,_, in_II 1820_MC 
women_NN2 in_II the_AT Bay_NN1 of_IO Islands_NN2 were_VBDR slightly_RR 
tattooed_VVN on_II the_AT upper_JJ lip_NN1 ,_, in_II the_AT centre_NN1 of_IO 
the_AT chin_NN1 and_CC above_II the_AT eyebrows_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Some_DD of_IO them_PPHO2 had_VHD a_DD221 few_DD222 lines_NN2 on_II 
the_AT legs_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 saw_VVD one_MC1 woman_NN1 at_II Hokianga_NP1 with_IW a_AT1 
pattern_NN1 like_II links_NN of_IO a_AT1 chain_NN1 on_II her_APPGE breast_NN1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 is_VBZ said_VVN to_TO have_VHI come_VVN from_II further_RRR 
south_ND1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 saw_VVD also_RR a_AT1 female_JJ prisoner_NN1 who_PNQS 
was_VBDZ tattooed_VVN almost_RR as_RG much_DA1 as_CSA a_AT1 man_NN1 ._. 

^ *<_NULL *1_NULL Queen_NNB Charlotte_NP1 Sound_NN1 *-_- Ngai_NP1 Tahu_NP1 ,_, 
Kati_NP1 Mamoe_NP1 ,_, Ngati_NP1 Apa_NP1 *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL In_II May_NPM1 1820_MC the_AT Russian_JJ 
Bellingshausen_NP1 noted_VVD that_CST only_RR some_DD of_IO the_AT women_NN2 
of_IO Queen_NNB Charlotte_NP1 Sound_NN1 had_VHD their_APPGE lips_NN2 
tattooed_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL A_AT1 portrait_NN1 by_II {_NULL P._NP1 M._NN1 }_NULL Mikhailov_NP1 
is_VBZ of_IO a_AT1 chief_NN1 's_VBZ wife_NN1 tattooed_VVD in_II this_DD1 
way_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT collection_NN1 that_CST Bellingshausen_NP1 took_VVD 
back_RP to_II Leningrad_NP1 there_EX are_VBR two_MC tekoteko_NN1 ,_, or_CC 
gable_NN1 apex_NN1 figures_NN2 ,_, obtained_VVN in_II Queen_NNB Charlotte_NP1 
Sound_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Both_DB2 are_VBR tattooed_VVN with_IW full_JJ spiral_JJ facial_JJ 
moko_NN1 ;_; one_PN1 has_VHZ no_AT sex_NN1 organs_NN2 ,_, the_AT other_NN1 
has_VHZ clearly_RR marked_VVN female_JJ sex_NN1 organs_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL As_CS31 far_CS32 as_CS33 can_VM be_VBI judged_VVN ,_, this_DD1 
Queen_NNB Charlotte_NP1 form_NN1 of_IO tattoo_NN1 belongs_VVZ generally_RR 
to_II the_AT south_ND1 Taranaki-Wanganui_NP1 area_NN1 ,_, with_IW some_DD 
minor_JJ differences_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL As_CSA we_PPIS2 shall_VM note_VVI later_RRR ,_, this_DD1 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL is_VBZ not_XX the_AT only_JJ record_NN1 of_IO 
this_DD1 form_NN1 of_IO female_JJ facial_JJ tattoo_NN1 for_IF the_AT 
northern_JJ South_NP Island_NP1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Considering_CS the_AT fact_NN1 that_CST Bellingshausen_NP1 
saw_VVD no_AT tattooed_JJ women_NN2 during_II his_APPGE stay_NN1 in_II the_AT 
Sounds_NN2 ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ possible_JJ that_CST the_AT tekoteko_NN1 had_VHD 
been_VBN obtained_VVN from_II another_DD1 area_NN1 ,_, or_CC depicted_VVD 
a_AT1 woman_NN1 of_IO great_JJ mana_NN1 from_II whom_PNQO the_AT group_NN 
were_VBDR descended_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL Other_JJ artefacts_NN2 obtained_VVN at_II the_AT same_DA time_NNT1 
would_VM suggest_VVI the_AT people_NN seen_VVN by_II Bellingshausen_NP1 
had_VHD a_AT1 culture_NN1 that_CST combined_VVD some_DD North_NP Island_NP1 
elements_NN2 with_IW a_AT1 basically_RR South_NP Island_NP1 culture_NN1 ._. 

^ *<_NULL *1_NULL The_AT Bay_NN1 of_IO Islands_NN2 in_II 1824_MC *-_- 
Ngapuhi_NP1 ,_, Ngati_NP1 Wai_NP1 *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Louis_NP1 Isidor_NP1 Duperrey_NP1 visited_VVD the_AT 
Bay_NN1 of_IO Islands_NN2 in_II 1824_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 described_VVD women_NN2 's_GE tattoo_NN1 as_II follows_VVZ 
(_( Sharp_NP1 1971:89_MC )_) :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL 
In_II plate_NN1 44_MC of_IO his_APPGE *1_NULL Atlas_NN1 *0_NULL (_( 1826_MC 
)_) Duperrey_NP1 illustrates_VVZ Toui_NP1 and_CC his_APPGE brother_NN1 with_IW 
Hongi_NP1 Hika_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL With_IW them_PPHO2 is_VBZ a_AT1 young_JJ woman_NN1 who_PNQS is_VBZ 
shown_VVN with_IW tattooed_JJ lines_NN2 parallel_RR with_IW the_AT lips_NN2 
and_CC from_II nose_NN1 to_II half-way_RR down_RP the_AT chin_NN1 where_RRQ 
they_PPHS2 stop_VV0 ,_, a_AT1 couple_NN1 of_IO squiggles_NN2 on_II the_AT 
chin_NN1 itself_PPX1 ,_, and_CC two_MC black_JJ dots_NN2 on_II either_DD1 
cheek_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL On_II her_APPGE shoulder_NN1 are_VBR four_MC or_CC five_MC 
cross-hatched_JJ lines_NN2 ,_, probably_RR cut_VVN during_II a_ZZ1 tangi_NN2 
._. 

^ ^_NULL Another_DD1 woman_NN1 ,_, *"_" Etinou_NP1 **"_" ,_, is_VBZ shown_VVN 
in_II plate_NN1 46_MC with_IW no_AT tattoo_NN1 at_RR21 all_RR22 on_II the_AT 
face_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL An_AT1 original_JJ drawing_NN1 by_II Jules_NP1 Le_NP Jeune_NP1 
,_, artist_NN1 with_IW Duperrey_NP1 ,_, of_IO *"_" Ecao_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 young_JJ 
girl_NN1 of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 **"_" ,_, shows_VVZ three_MC lines_NN2 of_IO 
tattoo_NN1 above_II **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL the_AT top_JJ lip_NN1 and_CC 
two_MC spirals_NN2 starting_VVG on_II the_AT side_NN1 of_IO the_AT chin_NN1 
and_CC curving_VVG to_TO meet_VVI in_II the_AT centre_NN1 ,_, the_AT area_NN1 
between_II the_AT spirals_NN2 and_CC lip_NN1 filled_VVD in_RP with_IW 
indistinct_JJ patterns_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Another_DD1 drawing_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 woman_NN1 aged_II twenty_MC to_II 
twenty-two_MC years_NNT2 shows_VVZ spirals_NN2 on_II the_AT nose_NN1 ,_, 
tattooed_JJ lips_NN2 ,_, bars_NN2 over_II the_AT mouth_NN1 corners_NN2 and_CC 
an_AT1 indistinct_JJ pattern_NN1 on_II the_AT chin_NN1 ._. 

^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL On_II Duperrey_NP1 's_GE 1824_MC 
voyage_NN1 d'Urville_NP1 ,_, then_RT second-in-command_JJ ,_, went_VVD to_II 
Kahouwera_NP1 ,_, where_CS Touao_NP1 's_GE wife_NN1 was_VBDZ having_VHG the_AT 
second_MD half_NN of_IO her_APPGE back_NN1 tattooed_VVD in_II spirals_NN2 
by_II a_AT1 woman_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL D'Urville_NP1 's_GE general_JJ comments_NN2 on_II female_JJ 
tattoo_NN1 ,_, in_II the_AT account_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE later_JJR voyage_NN1 
,_, published_VVN in_II 1830_MC ,_, owe_VV0 something_PN1 to_II his_APPGE 
reading_NN1 of_IO Savage_NP1 (_( d'Urville_NP1 1830_MC *=_NULL II:455_FO ,_, 
\_NULL trans_NN2 ._. 

^ {_NULL D.R.S._NP }_NULL )_) :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL 
Lesson_NN1 ,_, who_PNQS was_VBDZ with_IW Duperrey_NP1 in_II 1824_MC ,_, 
notes_NN2 :_: *"_" ^_NULL Their_APPGE lips_NN2 are_VBR furrowed_VVN with_IW 
intensely_RR black_JJ lines_NN2 and_CC with_IW patterns_NN2 like_II spear_NN1 
heads_NN2 deeply_RR imprinted_VVD into_II the_AT corners_NN2 of_IO the_AT 
mouth_NN1 and_CC in_II the_AT centre_NN1 of_IO the_AT chin_NN1 **"_" (_( 
Sharp_NP1 1971:81_MC )_) ._. 

^ *<_NULL *1_NULL D'Urville_NP1 's_GE voyage_NN1 in_II 1826_MC *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL D'Urville_NP1 's_GE *1_NULL Atlas_NN1 Historique_JJ 
,_, *0_NULL published_VVN in_II 1833_MC ,_, has_VHZ an_AT1 excellent_JJ 
series_NN of_IO regional_JJ studies_NN2 of_IO artefacts_NN2 and_CC people_NN 
drawn_VVN by_II de_NP1 Sainson_NP1 ,_, the_AT artist_NN1 with_IW the_AT 
1826_MC expedition_NN1 ._. 

^ *<_NULL *1_NULL Tasman_NP Bay_NNL1 *-_- Ngati_NP1 Apa_NP1 ,_, Ngai_NP1 
Tumatakokiri_NP1 ._. 

^ *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL A_AT1 woman_NN1 at_II Tasman_NP Bay_NNL1 has_VHZ a_AT1 
spiral_NN1 on_II the_AT wings_NN2 of_IO her_APPGE nostrils_NN2 and_CC has_VHZ 
the_AT lower_JJR lip_NN1 possibly_RR tattooed_VVD ,_, while_CS another_DD1 
is_VBZ shown_VVN with_IW no_AT tattoo_NN1 ._. 

^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL *<_NULL *1_NULL Palliser_NP Bay_NNL1 *-_- 
Ngati_NP1 Kahungunu_NP1 *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Drawings_NN2 done_VDN at_II Palliser_NP Bay_NNL1 
show_NN1 no_AT tattoo_NN1 on_II the_AT women_NN2 ._. 

^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL *<_NULL *1_NULL Northland_NP1 *-_- Ngapuhi_NP1 
*>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL At_II Whangarei_NP1 Tawiti_NP1 's_GE wife_NN1 had_VHD 
her_APPGE lips_NN2 outlined_VVN above_RL and_CC a_AT1 very_RG small_JJ 
design_NN1 below_II the_AT lower_JJR lip_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL An_AT1 old_JJ woman_NN1 at_II Whangarei_NP1 had_VHD no_AT tattoo_NN1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL However_RR ,_, at_II the_AT Bay_NN1 of_IO Islands_NN2 E_ND1 Kara_NP1 
,_, a_AT1 young_JJ girl_NN1 of_IO Ngati_NP1 Kahungunu_NP1 ,_, had_VHD a_AT1 
tattoo_NN1 on_II her_APPGE lower_JJR lip_NN1 ,_, above_II the_AT top_JJ 
lip_NN1 and_CC below_II the_AT bottom_JJ lip_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ was_VBDZ 
very_RG elaborate_JJ (_( \_NULL fig._NN1 140_MC )_) ._. 

^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL *<_NULL *1_NULL Augustus_NP1 Earle_NP1 in_II 
the_AT Bay_NN1 of_IO Islands_NN2 ,_, 1827_MC *-_- Ngapuhi_NP1 ,_, Kapotai_NP1 
*>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Earle_NP1 's_GE original_JJ paintings_NN2 (_( 
Murray-Oliver_NP1 1968_MC )_) of_IO Bay_NN1 of_IO Islands_NN2 and_CC 
Hokianga_NP1 women_NN2 show_VV0 blue_JJ marks_NN2 at_II the_AT mouth_NN1 
corners_NN2 ,_, blue_JJ lips_NN2 and_CC something_PN1 on_II the_AT chin_NN1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL Amoko_NP1 and_CC Awow_NP1 have_VH0 both_RR lips_NN2 tattooed_VVN 
and_CC three_MC lines_NN2 above_II the_AT top_JJ lip_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL E_NP1 Ana_NP1 (_( \_NULL fig._NN1 141_MC )_) has_VHZ both_RR lips_NN2 
tattooed_VVN ,_, a_AT1 line_NN1 above_II the_AT top_JJ lip_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 
chin_NN1 tattoo_NN1 of_IO fish-hook_NN1 shapes_VVZ back_RP to_II back_NN1 
below_II the_AT lip_NN1 ,_, two_MC points_NN2 protruding_VVG into_II these_DD2 
and_CC two_MC counter-curving_JJ hooks_NN2 with_IW points_NN2 inwards_RL 
below_II this_DD1 ,_, and_CC a_AT1 tattoo_NN1 of_IO pincer_NN1 shape_NN1 
between_II her_APPGE eyes_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT original_JJ painting_NN1 of_IO Te_AT Rangituke_NN1 
of_IO Kapotai_NP1 from_II Kawakawa_NP1 with_IW his_APPGE wife_NN1 and_CC 
son_NN1 indicates_VVZ that_CST the_AT woman_NN1 has_VHZ on_II the_AT lower_JJR 
lip_NN1 and_CC chin_NN1 some_DD tattoo_NN1 (_( \_NULL fig._NN1 142_MC )_) 
that_DD1 is_VBZ probably_RR similar_JJ to_II that_DD1 described_VVD above_RL 
._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT engraving_NN1 has_VHZ an_AT1 elaborate_JJ tattoo_NN1 ,_, 
which_DDQ does_VDZ not_XX correspond_VVI at_RR21 all_RR22 with_IW the_AT 
painting_NN1 ._. 

^ *<_NULL *1_NULL Female_JJ moko_NN1 in_II the_AT early_JJ nineteenth_MD 
century_NNT1 *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL In_II contrast_NN1 to_II the_AT eighteenth_MD 
century_NNT1 ,_, tattooing_VVG of_IO women_NN2 in_II the_AT early_JJ 
nineteenth_MD century_NNT1 is_VBZ recorded_VVN as_RG being_VBG on_II the_AT 
chin_NN1 as_CSA well_RR as_CSA the_AT lips_NN2 and_CC perhaps_RR the_AT 
legs_NN2 and_CC body_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT Bay_NN1 of_IO Islands_NN2 tattoos_NN2 reported_VVN by_II 
Savage_NP1 ,_, Rutherford_NP1 ,_, Cruise_NP1 ,_, Duperrey_NP1 ,_, 
d'Urville_NP1 and_CC Earle_NP1 are_VBR varied_VVN in_II design_NN1 and_CC 
can_VM be_VBI allied_VVN to_II a_AT1 certain_JJ extent_NN1 with_IW male_JJ 
moko_NN1 styles_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT first_MD drawings_NN2 are_VBR those_DD2 of_IO Jules_NP1 Le_NP 
Jeune_NP1 ,_, artist_NN1 with_IW Duperrey_NP1 in_II 1824_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL *"_" Ecao_NP1 **"_" of_IO Ngati_NP1 Wai_NP1 has_VHZ a_AT1 tattoo_NN1 
of_IO the_AT form_NN1 recorded_VVN for_IF the_AT West_NP Coast_NP1 
invaders_NN2 of_IO the_AT South_NP Island_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Earle_NP1 's_GE portrait_NN1 of_IO Rangituke_NP1 's_GE wife_NN1 
would_VM suggest_VVI she_PPHS1 came_VVD from_II North_NP Taranaki_NP1 ,_, 
while_CS *"_" E_NP1 Ana_NP1 **"_" appears_VVZ to_TO be_VBI local_JJ 
Ngapuhi_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL *"_" E_NP1 Kara_NP1 **"_" ,_, the_AT girl_NN1 drawn_VVN by_II de_NP1 
Sainson_NP1 ,_, d'Urville_NP1 's_GE artist_NN1 in_II 1827_MC ,_, has_VHZ 
what_DDQ may_VM have_VHI been_VBN a_AT1 variation_NN1 on_II a_AT1 simple_JJ 
form_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Bay_NN1 of_IO Islands-Ngapuhi_NP1 form_NN1 of_IO 
female_JJ moko_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ was_VBDZ developing_VVG at_II the_AT same_DA 
time_NNT1 as_CSA the_AT male_JJ spiral_JJ moko_NN1 was_VBDZ achieving_VVG 
status_NN1 in_II the_AT area_NN1 ,_, would_VM appear_VVI to_TO consist_VVI 
of_IO tattooed_JJ lips_NN2 or_CC lip_NN1 ,_, chin_NN1 tattoo_NN1 ,_, and_CC 
body_NN1 and_CC leg_NN1 tattoo_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL People_NN of_IO the_AT South_NP Island-Queen_NP1 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL Charlotte_NP1 Sounds_VVZ area_NN1 (_( Ngai_NP1 
Tahu_NP1 )_) had_VHD full_JJ facial_JJ moko_NN1 in_II male_JJ style_NN1 
in_II31 addition_II32 to_II33 tattooed_JJ lips_NN2 or_CC lower_JJR lip_NN1 
tattoo_NN1 with_IW spiral_NN1 on_II the_AT nostril_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_RR21 general_RR22 ,_, though_CS ,_, female_JJ moko_NN1 in_II 
other_JJ areas_NN2 was_VBDZ not_XX common_JJ or_CC standardised_VVD in_II 
form_NN1 ._. 

^ *<_NULL *1_NULL Mid-nineteenth-century_JJ records_NN2 :_: Polack_NP1 ,_, 
Bidwill_NP1 ,_, Angas_NP1 and_CC Shortland_NP1 *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Joel_NP1 Polack_NP1 has_VHZ a_AT1 general_JJ 
comment_NN1 on_II female_JJ tattoo_NN1 (_( 1838_MC *=_NULL I:384-6_FO )_) :_: 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL Polack_NP1 
was_VBDZ mainly_RR in_II the_AT north_ND1 and_CC Hokianga_NP1 ,_, but_CCB 
also_RR visited_VVD Tolaga_NP Bay_NNL1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 included_VVD an_AT1 engraving_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 woman_NN1 
with_IW tattoo_NN1 (_( \_NULL fig._NN1 143_MC )_) (_( Polack_NP1 1840_MC 
*=_NULL II:frontispiece_FO )_) ,_, whom_PNQO he_PPHS1 identifies_VVZ as_CSA 
*"_" Haupatu_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 chieftess_NN1 of_IO Waipoa_NP1 **"_" ,_, who_PNQS 
would_VM be_VBI of_IO Te_AT Roroa_NP1 ,_, the_AT border_NN1 tribe_NN1 
between_II Ngapuhi_NP1 and_CC Ngati_NP1 Whatua_NP1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Catherin_NP1 Servant_NN1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 missionary_JJ in_II 
the_AT Hokianga_NP1 and_CC Bay_NN1 of_IO Islands_NN2 between_II 1838_MC and_CC 
1842_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 refers_VVZ to_II female_JJ tattoo_NN1 and_CC notes_NN2 
that_CST high-ranking_JJ women_NN2 had_VHD upper_JJ and_CC lower_JJR lips_NN2 
tattooed_VVD and_CC two_MC long_JJ lines_NN2 of_IO tattooing_VVG in_II the_AT 
middle_NN1 of_IO the_AT forehead_NN1 (_( Simmons_NP1 973:14_MC )_) ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II another_DD1 section_NN1 he_PPHS1 notes_VVZ :_: *"_" ^_NULL 
As_II21 for_II22 the_AT women_NN2 ,_, if_CS they_PPHS2 are_VBR noble_JJ ,_, 
they_PPHS2 are_VBR tattooed_VVN not_XX only_RR on_II the_AT extremity_NN1 
of_IO the_AT two_MC lips_NN2 but_CCB also_RR on_II the_AT forehead_NN1 **"_" 
(_( 1973:20_MC )_) ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II *1_NULL Rambles_NN2 in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 *0_NULL (_( 
1841_MC )_) ,_, {_NULL J._NP1 C._NP1 }_NULL Bidwill_NP1 refers_VVZ to_II a_AT1 
Ngaiterangi_NP1 woman_NN1 he_PPHS1 saw_VVD near_II Tauranga_NP1 who_PNQS 
was_VBDZ tattooed_VVN on_II the_AT buttocks_NN2 like_II a_AT1 man_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 was_VBDZ rare_JJ ,_, as_CSA women_NN2 were_VBDR not_XX 
normally_RR tattooed_VVN anywhere_RL but_CCB on_II the_AT lips_NN2 and_CC 
chin_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Bidwill_NP1 also_RR distinguishes_VVZ between_II the_AT blue_JJ 
marks_NN2 like_II sailor_NN1 's_GE self-inflicted_JJ tattoos_NN2 ,_, which_DDQ 
were_VBDR common_JJ on_II women_NN2 ,_, and_CC the_AT more_RGR elaborate_JJ 
tattoo_NN1 that_CST grooved_VVD the_AT skin_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Ernest_NP1 Dieffenbach_NP1 was_VBDZ in_II the_AT same_DA area_NN1 
and_CC in_II the_AT north_ND1 in_II 1840_MC ,_, and_CC his_APPGE 
observations_NN2 on_II female_JJ tattoo_NN1 are_VBR worth_II quoting_VVG :_: 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT work_NN1 of_IO George_NP1 
French_NP1 Angas_NP1 has_VHZ already_RR been_VBN noted_VVN in_II the_AT 
section_NN1 on_II male_JJ tattoo_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Angas_NP1 also_RR painted_VVN a_AT1 number_NN1 of_IO Waikato_NP1 
women_NN2 including_II Te_AT Kauwai_NN1 of_IO Ngati_NP1 Haua_NP1 ,_, 
Matamata_NP1 (_( \_NULL fig._NN1 144_MC )_) ,_, Niapo_NP1 of_IO Ngati_NP1 
Maniapoto_NP1 ,_, King_NNB Country_NP1 (_( \_NULL fig._NN1 147_MC )_) ,_, 
Te_AT Kauremu_NN1 of_IO Waikato_NP1 (_( \_NULL fig._NN1 145_MC )_) and_CC 
Nga_NP1 Mihi_NN1 of_IO Ngati_NP1 Mahuta_NP1 ,_, Kawhia_NP1 (_( \_NULL fig._NN1 
146_MC )_) ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT Taupo_NP1 area_NN1 **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL he_PPHS1 
painted_VVD Te_AT Rau_NN1 of_IO Tuwharetoa_NP1 (_( \_NULL fig._NN1 148_MC )_) 
,_, in_II Wanganui_NP1 ,_, Rihe_NP1 ,_, wife_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 Maniapoto_NP1 
chief_NN1 ,_, and_CC in_II Wellington_NP1 ,_, Kiko_NP1 of_IO Te_AT Ati_NP1 
Awa_NP1 and_CC E_NP1 Wai_NP1 of_IO Ngati_NP1 Toa_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Across_II Cook_NP Strait_NNL1 he_PPHS1 painted_VVD two_MC women_NN2 
from_II Te_AT Ati_NP1 Awa_NP1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX are_VBR eleven_MC women_NN2 shown_VVN by_II Angas_NP1 
with_IW lip_NN1 and_CC chin_NN1 tattoo_NN1 ,_, three_MC who_PNQS have_VH0 
tattooing_NN1 above_II the_AT top_JJ lip_NN1 ,_, two_MC with_IW both_DB2 
lips_NN2 tattooed_VVD ,_, and_CC sixteen_MC with_IW only_RR the_AT lower_JJR 
lip_NN1 tattooed_VVD *-_- as_CC31 well_CC32 as_CC33 women_NN2 who_PNQS 
have_VH0 no_AT tattoo_NN1 at_RR21 all_RR22 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Angas_NP1 's_GE subjects_NN2 were_VBDR mainly_RR wives_NN2 and_CC 
daughters_NN2 of_IO chiefs_NN2 ,_, or_CC other_JJ women_NN2 prominent_NN1 
in_II the_AT social_JJ structure_NN1 ,_, therefore_RR his_APPGE portraits_NN2 
could_VM be_VBI expected_VVN to_TO reflect_VVI the_AT amount_NN1 of_IO 
tattooing_VVG present_NN1 at_II the_AT time_NNT1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Female_JJ moko_NN1 was_VBDZ regarded_VVN mainly_RR as_II a_AT1 
mark_NN1 of_IO rank_NN1 ,_, and_CC it_PPH1 is_VBZ an_AT1 interesting_JJ 
sidelight_NN1 on_II the_AT custom_NN1 to_TO note_VVI the_AT proportion_NN1 
of_IO full_JJ to_II partial_JJ tattoo_NN1 in_II the_AT areas_NN2 covered_VVN 
by_II Angas_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 journeyed_VVD over_II 800_MC miles_NNU2 ,_, mainly_RR in_II 
the_AT interior_NN1 of_IO the_AT North_NP Island_NP1 ,_, as_CC31 well_CC32 
as_CC33 visiting_VVG the_AT main_JJ centres_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Dieffenbach_NP1 's_GE observations_NN2 are_VBR reinforced_VVN 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL by_II the_AT fact_NN1 that_CST the_AT majority_NN 
of_IO the_AT women_NN2 Angas_NP1 painted_VVD with_IW moko_NN1 were_VBDR in_II 
the_AT central_JJ North_NP Island_NP1 ,_, particularly_RR in_II the_AT 
Waikato_NP1 or_CC in_II the_AT Waikato-related_JJ tribal_JJ areas_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ probable_JJ that_CST Taranaki_NP1 and_CC Wanganui_NP1 
were_VBDR part_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 area_NN1 ,_, but_CCB we_PPIS2 have_VH0 
little_RR early_JJ information_NN1 for_IF that_DD1 region_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT best_JJT record_NN1 of_IO female_JJ tattoo_NN1 is_VBZ 
the_AT diagram_NN1 made_VVN in_II 1843_MC by_II Renata_NP1 Kawepo_NP1 
Tamakihikurangi_NP1 ,_, chief_NN1 of_IO Te_AT Upokoire_NN1 hapu_NN1 of_IO 
Ngati_NP1 Kahungunu_NP1 of_IO Hawke_NP 's_GE Bay_NNL1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT tattoo_NN1 consists_VVZ of_IO patterned_JJ lips_NN2 (_( 
ngutu_NN1 )_) and_CC chin_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Between_II the_AT eyes_NN2 are_VBR darkened_JJ crescents_NN2 (_( 
hotoki_NN2 )_) ,_, the_AT upper_JJ and_CC longest_JJT forming_VVG a_AT1 
curve_NN1 with_IW the_AT open_JJ side_NN1 to_II the_AT centre_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Beneath_II this_DD1 and_CC joined_VVD on_RP to_II it_PPH1 are_VBR 
two_MC small_JJ spirals_NN2 with_IW a_AT1 common_JJ shank_NN1 on_II the_AT 
inside_NN1 ;_; an_AT1 echoing_JJ spiral_NN1 rises_VVZ from_II the_AT 
centre_NN1 outside_RL and_CC curls_NN2 up_RP ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 tattoo_NN1 is_VBZ probably_RR that_DD1 of_IO a_AT1 woman_NN1 
of_IO rank_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ basically_RR a_AT1 negative_JJ pattern_NN1 using_VVG 
darkened_JJ areas_NN2 and_CC clear-skin_JJ koru_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II the_AT *1_NULL Southern_NP1 Districts_NP1 of_IO New_NP 
Zealand_NP1 *0_NULL (_( 1851_MC )_) ,_, based_VVN on_II a_AT1 journey_NN1 
made_VVN to_II the_AT South_NP Island_NP1 in_II 1844_MC ,_, Edward_NP1 
Shortland_NP1 described_VVD the_AT wife_NN1 of_IO Pokeni_NP1 ,_, an_AT1 
Otago_NP1 Kai_NP1 Tahu_NP1 chief_NN1 :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL 
Shortland_NP1 's_GE observations_NN2 of_IO Kai_NP1 Tahu_NP1 women_NN2 can_VM 
be_VBI compared_VVN with_IW the_AT tekoteko_NN1 taken_VVN to_II Russia_NP1 
by_II Bellingshausen_NP1 in_II 1820_MC ,_, and_CC with_IW the_AT record_NN1 
of_IO Doubouzet_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS was_VBDZ with_IW d'Urville_NP1 on_II 
his_APPGE second_MD visit_NN1 in_II 1840_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL Shortland_NP1 reports_VVZ that_CST the_AT chief_NN1 's_VBZ wife_NN1 
at_II Otago_NP1 was_VBDZ tattooed_VVN all_RR over_II the_AT face_NN1 (_( 
Wright_NP1 1955:23_MC )_) ._. 

^ ^_NULL Roquemorel_NP1 ,_, also_RR on_II the_AT same_DA expedition_NN1 ,_, 
writes_VVZ of_IO *"_" these_DD2 women_NN2 with_IW their_APPGE square_JJ 
faces_NN2 *-_- coloured_VVD yellow_JJ and_CC lined_VVD with_IW queer_JJ 
tattooing_NN1 ..._... with_IW their_APPGE thick_JJ lips_NN2 ,_, dyed_VVD 
blue_JJ by_II tattooing_VVG **"_" (_( Wright_NP1 1955:33_MC )_) ._. 

^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 would_VM appear_VVI then_RT 
that_CST there_EX was_VBDZ great_JJ variation_NN1 for_IF each_DD1 area_NN1 
in_II female_JJ tattoo_NN1 in_II the_AT mid-nineteenth_MD century_NNT1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT north_ND1 it_PPH1 was_VBDZ just_RR lip_VV0 tattoo_NN1 
and_CC lines_NN2 on_II perhaps_RR forehead_NN1 or_CC nose_NN1 ,_, chin_NN1 
and_CC lips_NN2 ,_, and_CC sometimes_RT legs_NN2 in_II the_AT central_JJ 
North_NP Island_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT Otago_NP1 area_NN1 of_IO the_AT South_NP Island_NP1 
women_NN2 were_VBDR sometimes_RT tattooed_VVN like_II men_NN2 ._. 

^ *<_NULL *1_NULL Later_RRR nineteenth-century_JJ female_JJ moko_NN1 :_: 
Merrett_NP1 ,_, Robley_NP1 ,_, Lindauer_NP1 and_CC Goldie_NP1 *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL By_II the_AT later_JJR nineteenth_MD century_NNT1 ,_, 
tattooed_JJ chins_NN2 were_VBDR more_RGR usual_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II 1850_MC Joseph_NP1 Merrett_NP1 painted_VVD *"_" E_NP1 ono_NN1 
at_II Whakatane_NP1 **"_" (_( Ngati_NP1 Awa_NP1 )_) (_( plate_NN1 23_MC )_) 
,_, who_PNQS has_VHZ tattooed_VVN lips_NN2 and_CC chin_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II 1855_MC the_AT \_NULL Rev._NNB Richard_NP1 Taylor_NP1 
published_VVD *1_NULL Te_AT Ika_NP1 a_AT1 Maui_NP1 ,_, *0_NULL which_DDQ 
contained_VVD information_NN1 from_II Wanganui_NP1 ,_, perhaps_RR from_II 
earlier_JJR observations_NN2 :_: *"_" ^_NULL The_AT females_NN2 had_VHD 
chiefly_RR the_AT chin_NN1 and_CC lips_NN2 ,_, although_CS occasionally_RR 
they_PPHS2 also_RR had_VHN their_APPGE thighs_NN2 and_CC breasts_NN2 and_CC 
a_DD221 few_DD222 smaller_JJR marks_NN2 on_II different_JJ parts_NN2 of_IO 
the_AT body_NN1 **"_" (_( Taylor_NP1 1855:153_MC )_) ._. 

^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 180+TEXT+F37_FO **]_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ also_RR misleading_JJ since_CS some_DD 
readers_NN2 will_VM straight_RR away_RR begin_VVI to_TO look_VVI for_IF 
evidence_NN1 of_IO the_AT Maori_JJ in_II South_NP China_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL What_DDQ has_VHZ to_TO be_VBI understood_VVN is_VBZ that_CST at_II 
one_MC1 time_NNT1 there_EX were_VBDR people_NN whom_PNQO we_PPIS2 identify_VV0 
in_II the_AT literature_NN1 as_CSA Tangata_NP1 Lapita_NP1 or_CC Lapita_NP1 
People_NN ._. 

^ ^_NULL There_EX were_VBDR no_AT Polynesians_NN2 around_RP when_CS they_PPHS2 
were_VBDR plying_VVG the_AT oceans_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL After_CS several_DA2 centuries_NNT2 the_AT Tangata_NP1 Lapita_NP1 
who_PNQS settled_VVD in_II various_JJ parts_NN2 of_IO Melanesia_NP1 
changed_VVD into_II the_AT people_NN we_PPIS2 now_RT call_VV0 the_AT 
Melanesians_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Those_DD2 who_PNQS settled_VVD in_II Tonga_NP1 and_CC Samoa_NP1 
developed_VVD separately_RR from_II the_AT Melanesians_NN2 through_II 
isolation_NN1 and_CC many_DA2 hundreds_NNO2 of_IO years_NNT2 of_IO 
development_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 became_VVD eventually_RR the_AT Polynesians_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Some_DD of_IO the_AT Tangata_NP1 Lapita_NP1 moved_VVD into_II 
Micronesia_NP1 and_CC through_II mixtures_NN2 with_IW people_NN already_RR 
there_RL later_RRR evolved_VVD into_II the_AT Micronesians_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL So_RR the_AT first_MD Vikings_NN2 of_IO the_AT Pacific_NP1 
were_VBDR Tangata_NP1 Lapita_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS became_VVD the_AT people_NN 
of_IO Tangaroa_NP1 ,_, the_AT Polynesians_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT first_MD question_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN answered_VVN 
and_CC we_PPIS2 can_VM now_RT turn_VVI to_II the_AT second_NNT1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 know_VV0 that_CST the_AT cradle_NN1 of_IO Polynesia_NP1 
was_VBDZ in_II the_AT west_ND1 ,_, at_II Tonga_NP1 and_CC Samoa_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT evidence_NN1 from_II archaeology_NN1 suggests_VVZ that_CST 
the_AT main_JJ direction_NN1 of_IO the_AT settlement_NN1 thrust_NN1 was_VBDZ 
ever_RR to_II the_AT east_ND1 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ why_RRQ Te_AT Rangi_NP1 
Hiroa_NP1 called_VVD the_AT Tangaroa_NP1 People_NN *"_" Vikings_NN2 of_IO 
the_AT Sunrise_NN1 **"_" ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ not_XX to_TO say_VVI that_CST there_EX were_VBDR 
no_AT explorations_NN2 to_II the_AT west_ND1 from_II any_DD particular_JJ 
point_NN1 that_CST had_VHD been_VBN previously_RR settled_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL Aotearoa_NP1 is_VBZ the_AT prime_JJ example_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL At_II some_DD point_NN1 pioneers_NN2 from_II Eastern_NP1 
Polynesia_NP1 ,_, from_II the_AT direction_NN1 of_IO the_AT Society_NNJ 
Group_NNJ ,_, the_AT Tuamotus_NP2 and_CC the_AT Marquesas_NP2 ,_, or_CC 
even_RR of_IO the_AT Australs_NP2 and_CC the_AT Cook_NP Islands_NNL2 ,_, 
began_VVD a_ZZ1 westward_RL movement_NN1 of_IO the_AT familiar_JJ *"_" 
discover_NN1 and_CC settle_VV0 **"_" pattern_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ not_XX exactly_RR clear_JJ from_II which_DDQ 
village_NN1 or_CC island_NN1 of_IO Tangaroa_NP1 the_AT ancestors_NN2 came_VVD 
from_II ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT Society_NNJ Group_NNJ and_CC the_AT Marquesas_NP2 have_VH0 
both_RR been_VBN cited_VVN as_CSA likely_JJ sources_NN2 because_II21 of_II22 
the_AT similarity_NN1 between_II the_AT early_JJ archaeological_JJ objects_NN2 
found_VVN in_II those_DD2 places_NN2 and_CC in_II Aotearoa_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT Cook_NP Islands_NNL2 are_VBR another_DD1 likely_JJ source_NN1 
because_CS some_DD of_IO the_AT canoe_NN1 traditions_NN2 of_IO New_NP 
Zealand_NP1 such_II21 as_II22 those_DD2 of_IO Takitimu_NP1 can_VM be_VBI 
linked_VVN to_II those_DD2 of_IO the_AT Lower_JJR Cooks_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL No_AT location_NN1 can_VM be_VBI identified_VVN with_IW 
confidence_NN1 as_II the_AT place_NN1 from_II which_DDQ the_AT ancestors_NN2 
came_VVD ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ still_RR a_AT1 possibility_NN1 that_CST there_EX 
was_VBDZ more_RR21 than_RR22 one_MC1 migration_NN1 from_II more_RR21 than_RR22 
one_MC1 Hawaiki_NP1 ,_, but_CCB from_II the_AT general_JJ region_NN1 of_IO 
East_NP Polynesia_NP1 came_VVD the_AT very_RG first_MD settlers_NN2 to_II 
New_NP Zealand_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL If_CS there_EX was_VBDZ another_DD1 wave_NN1 of_IO settlers_NN2 
who_PNQS arrived_VVD later_RRR ,_, they_PPHS2 ,_, too_RR ,_, came_VVD from_II 
East_NP Polynesia_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ no_AT evidence_NN1 of_IO Spaniards_NN2 ,_, 
Chinese_NN1 ,_, Melanesians_NN2 or_CC astronauts_NN2 being_VBG among_II the_AT 
first_MD settlers_NN2 of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL This_DD1 fact_NN1 needs_VVZ to_TO be_VBI stressed_VVN 
because_CS a_AT1 large_JJ section_NN1 of_IO the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 
population_NN1 believes_VVZ in_II a_AT1 mythical_JJ group_NN of_IO Moriori_NP1 
or_CC Melanesians_NN2 being_VBG the_AT first_MD settlers_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL According_II21 to_II22 their_APPGE myth_NN1 the_AT ancestors_NN2 
of_IO the_AT Maori_NP1 then_RT came_VVD along_RP and_CC displaced_VVD the_AT 
Moriori_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 act_NN1 on_II their_APPGE part_NN1 made_VVD invasion_NN1 
of_IO Aotearoa_NP1 later_RRR by_II the_AT British_JJ a_AT1 deed_NN1 of_IO 
liberation_NN1 and_CC revenge_NN1 for_IF the_AT poor_JJ Moriori_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ a_AT1 myth_NN1 which_DDQ some_DD people_NN wish_NN1 
were_VBDR true_JJ but_CCB there_EX is_VBZ no_AT real_JJ evidence_NN1 to_TO 
support_VVI it_PPH1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT greatest_JJT discovery_NN1 awaiting_VVG the_AT 
archaeologists_NN2 of_IO Aotearoa_NP1 is_VBZ to_TO find_VVI the_AT very_RG 
first_MD settlements_NN2 of_IO our_APPGE East_NP Polynesian_JJ ancestors_NN2 
who_PNQS came_VVD here_RL during_II the_AT period_NN1 prior_II21 to_II22 
{_NULL A.D._RA }_NULL 1000_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL Such_DA sites_NN2 have_VH0 not_XX yet_RR been_VBN found_VVN (_( 
Sullivan_NP1 1984_MC )_) ._. 

^ ^_NULL A_AT1 possible_JJ explanation_NN1 for_IF not_XX finding_VVG any_DD 
of_IO them_PPHO2 is_VBZ that_CST the_AT archaeologists_NN2 are_VBR looking_VVG 
at_II the_AT wrong_JJ places_NN2 and_CC consequently_RR are_VBR 
discovering_VVG only_JJ evidence_NN1 of_IO long-established_JJ settlement_NN1 
in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT Ruatepupuke_NP1 story_NN1 suggests_VVZ that_CST we_PPIS2 
might_VM need_VVI to_TO look_VVI below_II the_AT present_JJ water_NN1 line_NN1 
especially_RR in_II inland_JJ lake_NN1 regions_NN2 ;_; that_REX21 is_REX22 ,_, 
search_NN1 in_II Tangaroa_NP1 's_GE domains_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL According_II21 to_II22 the_AT present_JJ state_NN1 of_IO 
our_APPGE knowledge_NN1 Aotearoa_NP1 was_VBDZ settled_VVN in_II the_AT {_NULL 
A.D._NN1 }_NULL 900-1000_MCMC period_NN1 and_CC that_DD1 was_VBDZ when_RRQ 
the_AT foundations_NN2 of_IO Maori_JJ art_NN1 were_VBDR established_VVN in_II 
this_DD1 country_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 do_VD0 not_XX know_VVI the_AT sequence_NN1 of_IO 
development_NN1 in_II the_AT arts_NN2 from_II the_AT time_NNT1 of_IO first_MD 
settlement_NN1 to_II ,_, say_VV0 ,_, the_AT time_NNT1 of_IO Captain_NNB 
Cook_NP1 's_GE first_MD visit_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL However_RR ,_, there_EX are_VBR prime_JJ decorated_JJ objects_NN2 
which_DDQ look_VV0 to_TO be_VBI the_AT antecedents_NN2 of_IO Classical_JJ 
Maori_JJ art_NN1 and_CC there_EX are_VBR some_DD sequences_NN2 ,_, such_II21 
as_II22 the_AT combs_NN2 of_IO Kauri_NP Point_NNL1 ,_, which_DDQ help_NN1 
provide_VVI some_DD of_IO the_AT clues_NN2 needed_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL One_MC1 example_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 prime_JJ object_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT 
Kaitaia_NP1 carving_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II appearance_NN1 the_AT decorations_NN2 are_VBR not_XX 
characteristically_RR Maori_JJ but_CCB the_AT structure_NN1 of_IO the_AT 
composition_NN1 is_VBZ exactly_RR the_AT same_DA as_CSA in_II later_JJR 
door_NN1 lintels_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ a_AT1 vague_JJ resemblance_NN1 to_II the_AT art_NN1 
of_IO East_NP Polynesia_NP1 but_CCB as_CSA Archey_NP1 (_( 1977:30_MC )_) 
has_VHZ described_VVN ,_, there_EX are_VBR no_AT precise_JJ details_NN2 of_IO 
relationship_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL What_DDQ can_VM be_VBI sensed_VVN is_VBZ an_AT1 elusive_JJ 
quality_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 tone_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 feeling_NN1 that_CST persuades_VVZ 
an_AT1 observer_NN1 of_IO affinities_NN2 with_IW East_NP Polynesia_NP1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Another_DD1 example_NN1 that_CST excites_VVZ the_AT 
imagination_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT carved_JJ piece_NN1 known_VVN as_II Uenuku_NP1 
(_( Archey_NP1 1977:113_MC )_) ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ an_AT1 abstract_JJ work_NN1 that_CST is_VBZ said_VVN 
to_TO symbolise_VVI a_AT1 tribal_JJ god_NN1 of_IO the_AT Tainui_JJ people_NN 
._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ discovered_VVN in_II 1906_MC in_II Lake_NNL1 
Ngaroto_NP near_RL Te_AT Awamutu_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Basically_RR it_PPH1 consists_VVZ of_IO a_AT1 major_JJ curve_NN1 
and_CC four_MC *"_" fingers_NN2 **"_" pointing_VVG heavenwards_RL ._. 

^ ^_NULL So_RR while_CS the_AT piece_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN linked_VVN to_II 
a_AT1 Hawaiian_JJ crested_JJ figure_NN1 ,_, the_AT resemblance_NN1 is_VBZ 
merely_RR suggestive_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 certainly_RR appears_VVZ to_TO be_VBI as_RG much_DA1 Maori_JJ 
or_CC more_RRR so_RG than_CSN Hawaiian_JJ ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL More_RGR intriguing_JJ for_IF the_AT purpose_NN1 of_IO 
establishing_VVG relationships_NN2 with_IW the_AT earliest_JJT phases_NN2 
of_IO Aotearoa_NP1 art_NN1 are_VBR various_JJ pendants_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 
the_AT *"_" chevroned_JJ **"_" pendants_NN2 ,_, reels_NN2 ,_, and_CC sundry_JJ 
shapes_NN2 in_II bone_NN1 ,_, argillite_NN1 and_CC basalt_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Many_DA2 of_IO these_DD2 artefacts_NN2 are_VBR reminiscent_JJ of_IO 
early_JJ East_NP Polynesian_JJ forms_NN2 in_II locations_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 
Tahiti_NP1 ,_, Hawaii_NP1 ,_, the_AT Marquesas_NP2 and_CC the_AT Cooks_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB again_RT the_AT resemblances_NN2 are_VBR suggestive_JJ of_IO 
common_JJ origins_NN2 and_CC are_VBR by_RR31 no_RR32 means_RR33 exactly_RR 
similar_JJ ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL A_AT1 canoe_NN1 prow_NN1 and_CC stern_JJ piece_NN1 dug_VVD 
up_RP at_II Tokerau_NP1 Beach_NP1 in_II Doubtless_RR Bay_JJ and_CC 
featured_VVD in_II various_JJ books_NN2 (_( {_NULL e.g._REX }_NULL Archey_NP1 
1977_MC )_) appear_VV0 to_TO be_VBI ancient_JJ but_CCB the_AT head_NN1 on_II 
the_AT prow_NN1 does_VDZ appear_VVI to_TO be_VBI Maori_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ not_XX so_RG stylistically_RR different_JJ as_CSA 
to_TO be_VBI describable_JJ as_CSA Chinese_JJ or_CC Indonesian_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Both_RR the_AT prow_NN1 and_CC stern_JJ piece_NN1 look_NN1 vaguely_RR 
familiar_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT canoe_NN1 is_VBZ ,_, of_RR21 course_RR22 ,_, an_AT1 ancient_JJ 
Polynesian_JJ form_NN1 and_CC the_AT two_MC types_NN2 *-_- the_AT 
outrigger_NN1 and_CC dugout_NN1 *-_- were_VBDR widely_RR distributed_VVN 
over_II the_AT islands_NN2 of_IO Polynesia_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ interesting_JJ to_TO note_VVI that_CST at_RR21 
first_RR22 European_JJ contact_NN1 in_II Aotearoa_NP1 the_AT outrigger_NN1 
and_CC dugout_NN1 canoes_NN2 were_VBDR present_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II fact_NN1 there_EX were_VBDR two_MC dugout_NN1 varieties_NN2 ,_, 
the_AT single-hull_JJ dugout_NN1 and_CC the_AT well-known_JJ double_JJ 
canoe_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL These_DD2 forms_NN2 of_IO canoe_NN1 were_VBDR also_RR known_VVN in_II 
the_AT Society_NP Islands_NNL2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL However_RR ,_, a_AT1 comparison_NN1 of_IO the_AT canoes_NN2 
used_VVN by_II Polynesians_NN2 at_II the_AT time_NNT1 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL of_IO Captain_NNB Cook_NP1 reveals_VVZ two_MC 
outstanding_JJ facts_NN2 which_DDQ apply_VV0 to_II every_AT1 other_JJ type_NN1 
of_IO object_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT first_MD is_VBZ that_CST the_AT type_NN1 is_VBZ present_JJ 
as_II a_AT1 concept_NN1 or_CC general_JJ invention_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL For_IF Polynesia_NP1 the_AT inventions_NN2 are_VBR the_AT 
outrigger_NN1 and_CC the_AT single-hull_JJ canoe_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB wherever_RRQV they_PPHS2 occur_VV0 they_PPHS2 are_VBR 
different_JJ in_II shape_NN1 and_CC appearance_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Moreover_RR the_AT differences_NN2 tend_VV0 to_TO be_VBI so_RG 
regular_JJ that_CST the_AT canoes_NN2 of_IO Hawaii_NP1 can_VM be_VBI 
distinguished_VVN from_II those_DD2 of_IO the_AT Society_NNJ Group_NNJ ,_, 
Niue_NP1 ,_, Tonga_NP1 ,_, Kapingamarangi_NP1 and_CC Aotearoa_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_RR21 addition_RR22 the_AT surface_NN1 decorations_NN2 applied_VVN 
to_II the_AT canoes_NN2 ,_, if_CS any_DD were_VBDR worked_VVN in_RP ,_, 
are_VBR also_RR distinctive_JJ of_IO each_DD1 island_NN1 nation_NN1 ,_, 
thus_RR emphasising_VVG the_AT differences_NN2 that_CST would_VM result_VVI 
from_II separate_JJ development_NN1 over_II several_DA2 centuries_NNT2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT wooden_JJ bowl_NN1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 common_JJ 
Polynesian_JJ domestic_JJ item_NN1 but_CCB the_AT bowls_NN2 of_IO Hawaii_NP1 
,_, the_AT Marquesas_NP2 and_CC Aotearoa_NP1 are_VBR as_RG different_JJ 
from_II one_PPX121 another_PPX122 as_CSA any_DD one_MC1 of_IO them_PPHO2 
is_VBZ from_II the_AT bowls_NN2 of_IO Melanesia_NP1 ,_, for_REX21 
example_REX22 from_II those_DD2 of_IO the_AT Eastern_NP1 Solomons_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Adze_NP1 blades_NN2 might_VM show_VVI a_AT1 lesser_JJ degree_NN1 
of_IO regional_JJ variation_NN1 but_CCB even_RR in_II the_AT case_NN1 of_IO 
this_DD1 artefact_NN1 the_AT differences_NN2 are_VBR obvious_JJ to_II 
expert_NN1 eyes_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Likewise_NP1 ,_, the_AT weapons_NN2 used_VVN by_II the_AT 
Polynesians_NN2 are_VBR very_RG different_JJ so_CS21 that_CS22 a_AT1 
Tongan_NP1 club_NN is_VBZ easily_RR distinguished_VVN from_II a_AT1 
Marquesan_JJ or_CC Aotearoa_NP1 club_NN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Thus_RR while_CS the_AT Eastern_NP1 Polynesian_NP1 
ancestors_NN2 brought_VVN with_IW them_PPHO2 a_AT1 tool_NN1 kit_NN1 of_IO 
adzes_NN2 ,_, the_AT technology_NN1 for_IF producing_VVG tapa_NN1 cloth_NN1 
,_, the_AT conceptual_JJ models_NN2 for_IF constructing_VVG houses_NN2 ,_, 
canoes_NN2 ,_, bowls_NN2 ,_, weapons_NN2 ,_, fishing_NN1 gear_NN1 (_( 
including_II the_AT harpoon_NN1 point_NN1 )_) ,_, ornaments_NN2 ,_, 
basketry_NN1 and_CC cordage_NN1 ,_, and_CC while_CS they_PPHS2 brought_VVD 
with_IW them_PPHO2 the_AT concepts_NN2 and_CC the_AT necessary_JJ 
technology_NN1 for_IF tattooing_VVG and_CC woodcarving_VVG ,_, the_AT 
cultural_JJ heritage_NN1 would_VM have_VHI developed_VVN quite_RG 
differently_RR through_II time_NNT1 from_II similar_JJ daughter_NN1 
heritages_NN2 in_II other_JJ parts_NN2 of_IO Polynesia_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL If_CS any_DD of_IO the_AT objects_NN2 are_VBR to_TO bear_VVI close_JJ 
resemblance_NN1 from_II one_MC1 island_NN1 to_II another_DD1 across_II 
hundreds_NNO2 of_IO nautical_JJ miles_NNU2 it_PPH1 can_VM only_RR be_VBI so_RG 
at_II the_AT moment_NN1 when_RRQ the_AT daughters_NN2 split_VV0 off_RP from_II 
the_AT parent_NN1 heritage_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL After_II that_DD1 the_AT processes_NN2 of_IO variation_NN1 begin_VV0 
to_TO take_VVI effect_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ why_RRQ it_PPH1 is_VBZ difficult_JJ to_TO find_VVI 
actual_JJ similarities_NN2 in_II artefact_NN1 shapes_NN2 and_CC decoration_NN1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 are_VBR not_XX the_AT same_DA ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Tattooing_NP1 illustrates_VVZ the_AT point_NN1 clearly_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL Samoan_NP1 tattooing_VVG (_( \_NULL fig._NN1 8_MC )_) is_VBZ quite_RG 
unlike_JJ Hawaiian_NN1 ,_, Tahitian_JJ ,_, Marquesan_NP1 ,_, Maori_NP1 and_CC 
the_AT forms_NN2 found_VVN in_II Sikaiana_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 assume_VV0 on_II the_AT grounds_NN2 of_IO wide_JJ 
distribution_NN1 that_DD1 tattooing_NN1 was_VBDZ part_NN1 of_IO the_AT 
common_JJ heritage_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB in_II each_DD1 case_NN1 the_AT artists_NN2 developed_VVD 
their_APPGE portion_NN1 of_IO the_AT heritage_NN1 differently_RR ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Eventually_RR examples_NN2 of_IO Maori_JJ art_NN1 were_VBDR 
collected_VVN by_II explorers_NN2 and_CC ships_NN2 '_GE captains_NN2 and_CC 
taken_VVN to_II Britain_NP1 ,_, Europe_NP1 and_CC the_AT United_NP States_NP1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL Such_DA collecting_NN1 began_VVD almost_RR from_II the_AT first_MD 
contact_NN1 that_CST Captain_NNB Cook_NP1 had_VHD in_II 1769_MC with_IW the_AT 
Maori_JJ people_NN ._. 

^ ^_NULL Because_II21 of_II22 Cook_NP1 's_GE expeditions_NN2 large_JJ 
numbers_NN2 of_IO Maori_JJ artefacts_NN2 were_VBDR landed_VVN in_II 
Britain_NP1 and_CC a_AT1 large_JJ quantity_NN1 of_IO them_PPHO2 were_VBDR 
deposited_VVN in_II the_AT British_JJ Museum_NNL1 in_II London_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Other_JJ early_JJ collections_NN2 associated_VVN with_IW the_AT 
Cook_NN1 expeditions_NN2 found_VVD homes_NN2 in_II museums_NNL2 in_II 
Stockholm_NP1 ,_, Leningrad_NP1 and_CC Rome_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL American_JJ trading_JJ vessels_NN2 collected_VVD some_DD valuable_JJ 
items_NN2 from_II the_AT Northland_NP1 region_NN1 in_II the_AT early_JJ 
part_NN1 of_IO the_AT 1800s_MC2 and_CC some_DD of_IO their_APPGE pieces_NN2 
are_VBR in_II the_AT Peabody_NP1 Museums_NNL2 in_II Salem_NP1 and_CC at_II 
Harvard_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Yet_RR other_JJ collectors_NN2 added_VVN to_II the_AT trunks_NN2 
and_CC cabinets_NN2 of_IO the_AT art_NN1 connoisseurs_NN2 of_IO Europe_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT British_JJ Museum_NNL1 collection_NN1 continued_VVD to_TO 
grow_VVI following_VVG the_AT British_JJ takeover_NN1 of_IO Aotearoa_NP1 in_II 
1840_MC and_CC there_EX is_VBZ no_AT question_NN1 that_CST outside_II21 
of_II22 our_APPGE own_DA shores_NN2 Britain_NP1 has_VHZ the_AT largest_JJT 
share_NN1 of_IO the_AT artistic_JJ plunder_NN1 that_CST Europeans_NN2 
competed_VVD for_IF especially_RR during_II the_AT eighteenth_MD and_CC 
nineteenth_MD centuries_NNT2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT artists_NN2 of_IO long_RR ago_RA who_PNQS developed_VVD 
what_DDQ we_PPIS2 now_RT know_VV0 as_CSA Maori_JJ art_NN1 left_VVD a_AT1 
priceless_JJ legacy_NN1 to_II the_AT descendants_NN2 of_IO today_RT ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 produced_VVD an_AT1 art_NN1 tradition_NN1 in_II which_DDQ 
excellence_NN1 was_VBDZ given_VVN a_AT1 high_JJ value_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 developed_VVD a_AT1 truly_RR magnificent_JJ art_NN1 
that_CST Maori_JJ people_NN today_RT can_VM figuratively_RR wear_VVI as_II 
a_AT1 cloak_NN1 of_IO distinction_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL All_DB the_AT evidence_NN1 available_JJ to_II us_PPIO2 now_RT 
affirms_VVZ the_AT Polynesian_JJ stamp_NN1 on_II Maori_JJ art_NN1 :_: it_PPH1 
grew_VVD out_II21 of_II22 an_AT1 East_NP Polynesian_JJ foundation_NN1 and_CC 
is_VBZ therefore_RR thoroughly_RR Polynesian_JJ ._. 

^ *<_NULL 3_MC *>_NULL 

^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Ka_NP1 tipu_NN1 nga_NN1 mahi_NN2 whakairo_VV0 *>_NULL 

^ *<_NULL *0_NULL The_AT arts_NN2 develop_VV0 and_CC flourish_NN1 *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Maori_JJ of_IO 1769_MC were_VBDR examples_NN2 of_IO 
Rousseau_NP1 's_GE noble_JJ savage_NN1 who_PNQS fascinated_VVD and_CC at_II 
the_AT same_DA time_NNT1 disgusted_VVD the_AT Western_NP1 World_NP1 (_( \_NULL 
fig._NN1 9_MC )_) ._. 

^ ^_NULL Their_APPGE appetite_NN1 for_IF human_JJ flesh_NN1 ,_, was_VBDZ ,_, 
of_RR21 course_RR22 ,_, the_AT prime_JJ cause_NN1 for_IF disgust_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB against_II this_DD1 was_VBDZ their_APPGE sophisticated_JJ 
art_NN1 *-_- the_AT beautiful_JJ war_NN1 canoes_NN2 seen_VVN by_II the_AT 
early_JJ explorers_NN2 ,_, the_AT cloaks_NN2 ,_, adzes_NN2 ,_, wakahuia_NN1 
and_CC weapons_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT tattooed_JJ faces_NN2 and_CC buttocks_NN2 ,_, the_AT 
hair-do_VD0 ,_, the_AT clothes_NN2 and_CC ornaments_NN2 worn_VVN at_II the_AT 
time_NNT1 presented_VVD a_AT1 picture_NN1 of_IO the_AT cultured_JJ Maori_NP1 
,_, of_IO people_NN enhanced_VVN by_II their_APPGE arts_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL These_DD2 people_NN of_IO 1769_MC were_VBDR awe-inspiring_JJ 
,_, frighteningly_RR different_JJ from_II the_AT people_NN of_IO Europe_NP1 
(_( \_NULL fig._NN1 10_MC )_) ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 were_VBDR different_JJ too_RG from_II the_AT Tahitians_NN2 
,_, whom_PNQO Cook_NP1 had_VHD met_VVN before_II coming_VVG to_II Aotearoa_NP1 
and_CC who_PNQS were_VBDR seen_VVN as_CSA soft_JJ people_NN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Much_RR can_VM happen_VVI in_II 750_MC years_NNT2 ,_, and_CC 
especially_RR in_II an_AT1 isolated_JJ island_NN1 group_NN such_II21 as_II22 
Aotearoa_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL A_AT1 major_JJ task_NN1 of_IO archaeologists_NN2 and_CC 
ethnologists_NN2 is_VBZ to_TO reconstruct_VVI the_AT changes_NN2 that_CST 
occurred_VVD during_II that_DD1 period_NN1 and_CC try_VV0 to_TO plot_VVI 
the_AT high_JJ points_NN2 or_CC prime_JJ objects_NN2 produced_VVN along_II 
the_AT way_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 are_VBR not_XX yet_RR able_JK to_TO provide_VVI a_AT1 
connected_JJ story_NN1 or_CC theory_NN1 about_II the_AT development_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL All_DB that_CST we_PPIS2 can_VM manage_VVI ,_, as_CSA mentioned_VVN 
already_RR ,_, is_VBZ to_TO focus_VVI upon_II a_DD221 few_DD222 objects_NN2 
of_IO great_JJ importance_NN1 and_CC presumed_JJ antiquity_NN1 and_CC draw_VV0 
inferences_NN2 from_II their_APPGE location_NN1 ,_, appearance_NN1 and_CC 
age_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT theory_NN1 followed_VVD here_RL is_VBZ that_CST the_AT 
foundations_NN2 were_VBDR introduced_VVN with_IW the_AT first_MD settlers_NN2 
._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 brought_VVD with_IW them_PPHO2 a_AT1 portion_NN1 of_IO 
the_AT East_NP Polynesian_JJ heritage_NN1 which_DDQ includes_VVZ the_AT 
items_NN2 already_RR mentioned_VVN in_II the_AT previous_JJ chapter_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL What_DDQ the_AT reader_NN1 has_VHZ to_TO try_VVI to_TO visualise_VVI 
is_VBZ a_AT1 founding_JJ canoe_NN1 or_CC canoes_NN2 (_( we_PPIS2 have_VH0 
no_AT idea_NN1 how_RRQ many_DA2 )_) landing_VVG with_IW a_AT1 small_JJ 
group_NN of_IO people_NN ,_, of_IO men_NN2 and_CC women_NN2 capable_JJ of_IO 
bearing_VVG children_NN2 ._. 

^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 181+TEXT+F38_FO **]_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Due_II21 to_II22 the_AT advent_NN1 in_II this_DD1 
country_NN1 of_IO the_AT rapidly_RR expanding_VVG manufacture_NN1 of_IO 
so-called_JJ *'_" Reproductions_NN2 **'_" or_CC copies_NN2 of_IO original_JJ 
antique_NN1 and_CC vintage_JJ bisque_NN1 head_NN1 dolls_NN2 over_II the_AT 
past_JJ five_MC years_NNT2 ,_, it_PPH1 behoves_VVZ the_AT old_JJ 
established_JJ collector_NN1 ,_, to_TO consider_VVI the_AT investment_NN1 
side_NN1 of_IO his/her_FO hobby_NN1 !_! 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Now_RT if_CSW you_PPY are_VBR a_AT1 fond_JJ grandmother_NN1 
and_CC want_VV0 to_TO buy_VVI a_AT1 nice_JJ baby_NN1 doll_NN1 for_IF little_JJ 
Karen_NP1 to_TO play_VVI with_IW ,_, you_PPY are_VBR looking_VVG at_II an_AT1 
outlay_NN1 of_IO some_DD *+_NULL $200-_NNU *+_NULL $300_NNU if_CS you_PPY 
want_VV0 a_AT1 good_JJ quality_NN1 modern_JJ doll_NN1 for_IF her_PPHO1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL High_RR priced_VVD and_CC good_JJ quality_NN1 vinyl_NN1 
German_JJ dolls_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN imported_VVN in_II fairly_RR large_JJ 
numbers_NN2 over_II the_AT past_JJ two_MC years_NNT2 ,_, and_CC if_CSW you_PPY 
also_RR want_VV0 to_TO help_VVI said_JJ little_JJ grand-daughter_NN1 to_TO 
get_VVI a_AT1 first_MD class_NN1 education_NN1 in_II the_AT future_NN1 ,_, 
then_RT it_PPH1 would_VM be_VBI a_AT1 wise_JJ investment_NN1 to_TO buy_VVI 
two_MC samples_NN2 of_IO any_DD given_JJ German_JJ doll_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Put_VVN one_PN1 away_RL mint_VV0 in_II box_NN1 out_II21 
of_II22 the_AT light_NN1 and_CC away_II21 from_II22 extremes_NN2 of_IO 
heat_NN1 and_CC cold_JJ and_CC in_II 10_MC years_NNT2 or_CC so_CS ,_, the_AT 
sale_NN1 of_IO such_DA a_AT1 doll_NN1 will_VM go_VVI towards_II the_AT 
cost_NN1 of_IO Karen_NP1 's_GE education_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL A_AT1 top_JJ quality_NN1 reproduction_NN1 doll_NN1 can_VM 
also_RR run_VVI over_II the_AT *+_NULL $200-_NNU *+_NULL $300_NNU mark_NN1 
and_CC this_DD1 is_VBZ a_AT1 field_NN1 where_RRQ a_AT1 lot_NN of_IO 
know-how_NN1 on_II the_AT originals_NN2 is_VBZ needed_VVN ,_, not_XX to_TO 
mention_VVI keeping_VVG an_AT1 eye_NN1 on_II the_AT number_NN1 of_IO such_DA 
copies_NN2 which_DDQ have_VH0 been_VBN made_VVN ,_, the_AT identity_NN1 of_IO 
the_AT artisan_NN1 and_CC the_AT date_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Quite_RG frankly_RR you_PPY can_VM not_XX afford_VVI to_TO buy_VVI 
a_AT1 poor_JJ sample_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 copies_NN2 ,_, after_II all_DB if_CS 
you_PPY want_VV0 a_AT1 copy_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 world_NN1 famous_JJ painting_NN1 
by_II a_AT1 legendary_JJ artist_NN1 ,_, you_PPY are_VBR going_VVGK to_TO 
buy_VVI the_AT best_JJT quality_NN1 copy_VV0 you_PPY can_VM find_VVI !_! 

^ ^_NULL Knowing_VVG such_DA copy_NN1 will_VM eventually_RR command_VVI a_AT1 
reasonable_JJ investment_NN1 value_NN1 in_II its_APPGE own_DA right_NN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL If_CS ,_, however_RR ,_, you_PPY have_VH0 carefully_RR 
picked_VVN your_APPGE way_NN1 among_II the_AT many_DA2 pitfalls_NN2 
awaiting_VVG the_AT unwary_NN1 in_II the_AT field_NN1 of_IO antique_NN1 and_CC 
vintage_JJ dolls_NN2 ,_, and_CC have_VH0 a_AT1 choice_JJ selection_NN1 
tucked_VVD away_RP ,_, well_RR out_II21 of_II22 sight_NN1 of_IO possible_JJ 
burglary_NN1 and/or_CC vandals_NN2 ,_, then_RT you_PPY will_VM already_RR 
have_VHI a_AT1 **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL good_JJ investment_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 will_VM be_VBI a_AT1 hedge_NN1 against_II inflation_NN1 
and_CC a_AT1 delightful_JJ piece_NN1 of_IO nostalgia_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL If_CS you_PPY have_VH0 had_VHN the_AT doll_NN1 redressed_VVN ,_, 
then_RT should_VM the_AT high_JJ fashion_NN1 doll_NN1 couturier_NN1 be_VBI 
equally_RR well_JJ thought_NN1 of_IO ,_, then_RT that_CST too_RR will_VM 
add_VVI considerably_RR to_II the_AT value_NN1 of_IO your_APPGE most_RGT 
prized_JJ possession_NN1 !_! 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL For_IF many_DA2 people_NN an_AT1 old_JJ doll_NN1 with_IW 
jointed_JJ or_CC gussetted_JJ limbs_NN2 ,_, and_CC natural_JJ looking_VVG 
smoothly_RR delineated_JJ features_NN2 is_VBZ not_XX just_RR an_AT1 
investment_NN1 in_II the_AT future_NN1 ,_, but_CCB a_AT1 piece_NN1 of_IO 
actual_JJ history_NN1 to_TO be_VBI cherished_VVN and_CC taken_VVN care_NN1 
of_IO before_RT as_CSA *'_" guardian_NN1 of_IO the_AT treasure_NN1 **'_" 
you_PPY hand_VV0 her_PPHO1 on_II21 to_II22 the_AT next_MD generation_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT antique_JJ doll_NN1 business_NN1 is_VBZ booming_VVG 
world-wide_RL ,_, so_CS it_PPH1 's_VBZ natural_JJ there_EX will_VM also_RR 
be_VBI fakes_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT latter_DA are_VBR not_XX yet_RR much_DA1 of_IO a_AT1 
problem_NN1 in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 ,_, or_CC Australia_NP1 ,_, but_CCB 
they_PPHS2 will_VM be_VBI ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Already_RR some_DD bona_JJ21 fide_JJ22 copies_NN2 ,_, 
particularly_RR of_IO black_JJ dolls_NN2 ,_, have_VH0 been_VBN seen_VVN at_II 
auctions_NN2 ,_, and_CC the_AT price_NN1 has_VHZ risen_VVN too_RG high_JJ 
because_CS the_AT buyer_NN1 has_VHZ not_XX bothered_VVN to_TO check_VVI 
it_PPH1 out_RP ._. 

^ ^_NULL Heaven_NN1 knows_VVZ there_EX are_VBR many_DA2 reference_NN1 
books_NN2 available_JJ both_RR in_II the_AT libraries_NN2 ,_, and_CC in_II 
bookshops_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL When_CS the_AT doll_NN1 has_VHZ no_AT historic_JJ or_CC family_NN 
background_NN1 to_TO call_VVI on_RP ,_, it_PPH1 's_VBZ often_RR pure_JJ 
guesswork_NN1 as_II21 to_II22 what_DDQ you_PPY are_VBR actually_RR getting_VVG 
for_IF your_APPGE money_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL When_CS you_PPY are_VBR contemplating_VVG some_DD *+_NULL 
$500-_NNU *+_NULL $1000_NNU or_CC more_DAR on_II the_AT purchase_NN1 of_IO 
an_AT1 old_JJ doll_NN1 ,_, you_PPY are_VBR entitled_VVN to_TO carefully_RR 
check_VVI out_RP the_AT provenance_NN1 of_IO the_AT doll_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL For_REX21 example_REX22 two_MC lovely_JJ bisque_NN1 head_NN1 
dolls_NN2 by_II the_AT sought_JJ after_II firm_NNJ of_IO Simon_NP1 &_CC 
Halbig_NP1 are_VBR to_TO be_VBI seen_VVN in_II the_AT National_JJ Museum_NNL1 
in_II Wellington_NP1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL However_RR ,_, the_AT difference_NN1 in_II the_AT 
colouring_NN1 of_IO the_AT dolls_NN2 was_VBDZ quite_RG marked_JJ ,_, the_AT 
older_JJR version_NN1 was_VBDZ paler_JJR and_CC her_APPGE painting_NN1 
was_VBDZ very_RG precise_JJ prior_II21 to_II22 final_JJ firing_NN1 in_II 
the_AT kiln_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 was_VBDZ 50_MC years_NNT2 older_JJR than_CSN the_AT 
other_JJ model_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ had_VHD the_AT typical_JJ more_RRR lurid_JJ 
colouring_NN1 of_IO the_AT 1920s_MC2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Both_DB2 dolls_NN2 were_VBDR wholly_RR desirable_JJ from_II 
the_AT same_DA mould_NN1 ,_, but_CCB strictly_RR speaking_VVG should_VM 
they_PPHS2 have_VHI been_VBN put_VVN up_RP for_IF auction_NN1 ,_, due_II21 
to_II22 those_DD2 small_JJ differences_NN2 ,_, one_MC1 doll_NN1 was_VBDZ 
worth_II *+_NULL $1000_NNU ,_, the_AT younger_JJR doll_NN1 only_JJ *+_NULL 
$500_NNU ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Some_DD dealers_NN2 make_VV0 no_AT such_DA differentiation_NN1 
in_II this_DD1 country_NN1 ,_, but_CCB call_VV0 all_DB bisque_NN1 head_NN1 
dolls_VVZ *'_" antique_NN1 **'_" ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ just_RR not_XX true_JJ ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Some_DD bisque_NN1 head_NN1 dolls_NN2 '_GE value_NN1 and_CC 
investment_NN1 potential_NN1 lies_VVZ in_II the_AT brand_NN1 incised_VVD on_II 
the_AT back_NN1 of_IO neck_NN1 ,_, or_CC where_CS earlier_JJR moulds_NN2 
were_VBDR used_VVN ,_, a_AT1 number_NN1 or_CC even_RR a_AT1 symbol_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT famous_JJ dolls_NN2 by_II Casimer_NP1 Bru_NP1 and_CC his_APPGE 
family_NN who_PNQS founded_VVD a_AT1 dollmaking_JJ company_NN1 in_II 
France_NP1 in_II the_AT 1860s_MC2 used_VVD a_AT1 symbol_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT one_MC1 used_JJ on_II several_DA2 of_IO their_APPGE early_JJ 
dolls_NN2 ,_, easily_RR **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL recognisable_JJ with_IW 
their_APPGE natural_JJ colouring_NN1 ,_, enormous_JJ glass_NN1 eyes_NN2 ,_, 
which_DDQ give_VV0 such_DA a_AT1 soulful_JJ look_NN1 to_II his_APPGE lovely_JJ 
bebes_NN2 ,_, is_VBZ a_AT1 circle_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 dot_NN1 !_! 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Representatives_NP1 of_IO several_DA2 well_RR known_VVN 
overseas_JJ auction_NN1 houses_NN2 who_PNQS were_VBDR cruising_VVG round_II 
Australasia_NP1 last_MD year_NNT1 may_VM well_RR have_VHI raised_VVN the_AT 
consciousness_NN1 level_NN1 on_II the_AT subject_NN1 of_IO old_JJ dolls_NN2 
._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 were_VBDR probably_RR trying_VVG to_TO find_VVI out_RP 
the_AT whereabouts_NN2 of_IO at_RR21 least_RR22 one_MC1 rare_JJ doll_NN1 
circa_RG 1890_MC made_VVD by_II the_AT mysterious_JJ and_CC much_RR sought_VVN 
after_II \_NULL A_AT1 Thulier_NP1 !_! 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL At_RR21 least_RR22 one_MC1 very_RG large_JJ version_NN1 ,_, 
which_DDQ actually_RR came_VVD out_RP to_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 with_IW a_AT1 
migrant_NN1 's_VHZ family_NN ,_, who_PNQS settled_VVD in_II Akaroa_NP1 is_VBZ 
known_VVN of_IO ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Apart_II21 from_II22 the_AT different_JJ mould_NN1 number_NN1 
and_CC initials_NN2 ,_, it_PPH1 would_VM have_VHI been_VBN thought_VVN to_TO 
have_VHI been_VBN one_MC1 of_IO the_AT many_DA2 lovely_JJ little_JJ girl_NN1 
dolls_NN2 from_II the_AT house_NN1 of_IO Jumeau_NP1 !_! 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Two_MC such_DA dolls_NN2 ,_, dating_VVG back_RP to_II the_AT 
1880s_MC2 ,_, in_II pristine_JJ condition_NN1 and_CC with_IW lovely_JJ pale_JJ 
bisque_NN1 heads_NN2 ,_, softly_RR delineated_JJ features_NN2 and_CC 
superbly_RR dressed_VVN ,_, went_VVD up_RP for_IF sale_NN1 at_II the_AT big_JJ 
American_JJ auction_NN1 house_NN1 of_IO Theriault_NP1 's_GE ,_, their_APPGE 
prices_NN2 at_II *+_NULL $3500_NNU and_CC *+_NULL $4000_NNU respectively_RR 
were_VBDR not_XX very_RG high_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB they_PPHS2 are_VBR not_XX particularly_RR rare_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB what_DDQ a_AT1 good_JJ investment_NN1 ,_, if_CS carefully_RR 
protected_VVD and_CC conserved_VVD ,_, with_IW the_AT spiralling_JJ values_NN2 
of_IO such_DA century_NNT1 old_JJ dolls_NN2 ,_, they_PPHS2 will_VM resell_VVI 
for_IF a_AT1 much_RR larger_JJR sum_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Already_RR one_MC1 of_IO the_AT Bru_NP1 dolls_NN2 
mentioned_VVD before_RT ,_, delicately_RR featured_VVD ,_, and_CC with_IW 
most_RGT soulful_JJ ,_, enormous_JJ brown_JJ glass_NN1 eyes_NN2 circa_RG 
1875_MC ,_, has_VHZ been_VBN sold_VVN again_RT at_II Theriault_NP1 's_GE 
auction_NN1 ,_, for_IF *+_NULL $10,500_NNU ._. 

^ ^_NULL Turning_VVG this_DD1 sum_NN1 into_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 money_NN1 
and_CC you_PPY 'd_VHD better_RRR sit_VVI down_RP quietly_RR for_IF a_AT1 
while_NNT1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Rumours_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN circulating_VVG up_RP and_CC 
down_RP the_AT country_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 private_JJ sale_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 very_RG 
special_JJ Bru_NP1 having_VHG changed_VVN hands_NN2 for_IF the_AT sum_NN1 
of_IO *+_NULL $20,000_NNU ,_, within_II the_AT past_JJ 18_MC months_NNT2 !_! 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL That_DD1 seems_VVZ a_AT1 staggering_JJ sum_NN1 to_II those_DD2 
who_PNQS know_VV0 nothing_PN1 about_II the_AT antique_JJ doll_NN1 game_NN1 ,_, 
and_CC in_II fact_NN1 it_PPH1 's_VBZ only_JJ prices_NN2 which_DDQ are_VBR 
rather_RG high_RR which_DDQ get_VV0 through_RP to_II the_AT media_NN ._. 

^ ^_NULL Which_DDQ is_VBZ probably_RR a_AT1 good_JJ thing_NN1 ,_, since_CS 
these_DD2 days_NNT2 owners_NN2 of_IO such_DA collectibles_NN2 ,_, have_VH0 
to_TO be_VBI security_NN1 conscious_JJ in_II a_AT1 way_NN1 never_RR 
hitherto_RT thought_VVN of_IO ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" Well_RR ,_, **"_" he_PPHS1 or_CC she_PPHS1 might_VM 
say_VVI ._. 

^ ^_NULL *"_" I_PPIS1 'd_VM still_RR like_VVI to_TO collect_VVI dolls_NN2 ,_, 
and_CC I_PPIS1 'd_VM still_RR like_VVI them_PPHO2 to_TO be_VBI an_AT1 
investment_NN1 ,_, but_CCB *2_NULL NOT_XX *0_NULL at_II that_DD1 price_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL What_DDQ can_VM I_PPIS1 do_VDI ?_? **"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Consult_VV0 long_JJ time_NNT1 collectors_NN2 first_MD of_IO 
all_DB ;_; if_CS you_PPY planned_VVD to_TO buy_VVI in_II porkbellies_NN2 on_II 
the_AT commodities_NN2 market_VV0 ,_, and_CC resell_VV0 for_IF a_AT1 quick_JJ 
profit_NN1 ,_, you_PPY 'd_VM certainly_RR go_VVI after_II the_AT services_NN2 
of_IO a_AT1 clever_JJ stockbroker_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL You_PPY can_VM buy_VVI a_AT1 selection_NN1 of_IO much_RR 
more_RGR modestly_RR priced_JJ dolls_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL There_EX are_VBR many_DA2 available_JJ of_IO the_AT more_RGR 
common_JJ German_NN1 made_VVD dolls_NN2 ,_, some_DD as_RG old_JJ as_CSA the_AT 
French_JJ dolls_NN2 ,_, and_CC certainly_RR just_RR as_RG beautiful_JJ ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Right_RR now_RT ,_, in_II the_AT northern_JJ districts_NN2 
of_IO this_DD1 country_NN1 ,_, the_AT trend_NN1 is_VBZ for_IF the_AT big_JJ 
and_CC beautiful_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL A_AT1 large_JJ doll_NN1 by_II such_DA German_JJ based_JJ 
companies_NN2 as_CSA Simon_NP1 &_CC Halbig_NP1 ,_, many_DA2 of_IO whose_DDQGE 
early_JJ doll_NN1 heads_NN2 were_VBDR used_VVN with_IW French_JJ bodies_NN2 
by_II the_AT way_NN1 ,_, commands_VVZ a_AT1 good_JJ price_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Strangely_RR enough_RR equally_RR lovely_JJ dolls_NN2 by_II a_AT1 
German_JJ company_NN1 using_VVG the_AT same_DA initials_NN2 on_II their_APPGE 
dolls_NN2 ,_, but_CCB with_IW varying_JJ quality_NN1 ,_, the_AT Schnoeau_NP1 
&_CC Hoffmeister_NP1 brand_NN1 ,_, do_VD0 not_XX seem_VVI to_TO command_VVI 
the_AT same_DA high_JJ prices_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Nevertheless_RR a_AT1 perfect_JJ bisque_NN1 with_IW that_DD1 
brand_NN1 some_DD 30_MC *?_NULL 8_MC in_II height_NN1 can_VM sell_VVI for_IF 
as_RG much_DA1 as_CSA *+_NULL $1400_NNU ,_, with_IW the_AT next_MD size_NN1 
down_RP around_RG 28_MC *?_NULL 8_MC in_II height_NN1 being_VBG valued_VVN 
at_II just_RR on_II *+_NULL $1000_NNU ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Should_VM other_JJ brands_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 Kley_NP1 &_CC 
Hahn_NP1 ,_, Revalo_NP1 ,_, Gebruder_NP1 Knock_NP1 and_CC even_RR the_AT 
much_RR more_RGR common_JJ Armand_NP1 Marseille_NP1 mark_NN1 be_VBI found_VVN 
on_II such_DA large_JJ sized_JJ dolls_NN2 ,_, there_EX is_VBZ currently_RR 
a_AT1 keen_JJ demand_NN1 for_IF them_PPHO2 with_IW a_AT1 minimum_NN1 of_IO 
*+_NULL $900-_NNU *+_NULL $1200_NNU *-_- this_DD1 could_VM be_VBI for_IF 
private_JJ sales_NN2 *-_- but_CCB at_II auction_NN1 they_PPHS2 can_VM go_VVI 
even_RR higher_JJR ._. 

^ ^_NULL Because_CS the_AT demand_NN1 for_IF such_DA dolls_NN2 is_VBZ 
growing_JJ and_CC the_AT supply_NN1 of_IO same_DA is_VBZ diminishing_VVG ,_, 
you_PPY can_VM certainly_RR expect_VVI to_TO make_VVI money_NN1 on_II the_AT 
eventual_JJ sale_NN1 of_IO such_DA lovely_JJ creatures_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Do_VD0 n't_XX get_VVI the_AT impression_NN1 however_RR ,_, 
that_DD1 bisque_NN1 dolls_NN2 are_VBR the_AT be_VBI all_RR and_CC end_VV0 
all_DB !_! !_! 

^ ^_NULL Practically_RR every_AT1 kind_NN1 of_IO media_NN **[_NULL sic_RR 
**]_NULL so_RG far_RR discovered_VVD ,_, from_II kaolin_NN1 in_II the_AT 
distant_JJ past_NN1 ,_, to_II resin_NN1 fibreglass_NN1 today_RT ,_, has_VHZ 
been_VBN used_VVN to_TO fashion_VVI dolls_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL And_CC many_DA2 modern_JJ dolls_NN2 already_RR off_II the_AT 
production_NN1 line_NN1 of_IO various_JJ companies_NN2 ,_, are_VBR 
currently_RR the_AT vogue_NN1 and_CC the_AT prize_NN1 the_AT collector_NN1 
seeks_VVZ ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT celebrity_NN1 doll_NN1 scene_NN1 is_VBZ way_NN1 out_RP 
in_II31 front_II32 of_II33 the_AT modern_JJ doll_NN1 scramble_NN1 !_! 

^ ^_NULL The_AT old_JJ Hollywood_NP1 stars_NN2 are_VBR once_RR21 again_RR22 
bringing_VVG in_II the_AT loot_NN1 in_II Tinseltown_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Maybe_RR they_PPHS2 've_VH0 shrunk_VVN a_RR21 little_RR22 ,_, say_VV0 
between_II 12-18_MCMC inches_NNU2 in_II height_NN1 !_! 

^ ^_NULL Dolls_NN2 or_CC effigies_NN2 portraying_VVG the_AT famous_JJ ,_, 
the_AT glamorous_JJ and_CC the_AT legendary_JJ dead_JJ are_VBR currently_RR 
proving_VVG best_JJT sellers_NN2 for_IF the_AT toy_NN1 companies_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Child_NN1 stars_NN2 were_VBDR mainly_RR portrayed_VVN in_II 
the_AT 1930s_MC2 when_RRQ the_AT love_NN1 affair_NN1 with_IW celebrity_NN1 
dolls_NN2 began_VVD in_II America_NP1 ,_, and_CC it_PPH1 's_VBZ gaining_VVG 
momentum_NN1 by_II the_AT day_NNT1 ,_, until_II now_RT it_PPH1 's_VBZ 
really_RR crazy_JJ ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Famous_JJ names_NN2 in_II the_AT doll_NN1 business_NN1 too_RR 
are_VBR sought_VVN after_CS ,_, the_AT Ideal_JJ Toy_NN1 Company_NNJ has_VHZ 
the_AT franchise_NN1 on_II the_AT most_RGT famous_JJ child_NN1 star_NN1 of_IO 
the_AT 1930s_MC2 Shirley_NP1 Temple_NP1 ,_, and_CC versions_NN2 ranging_VVG 
from_II a_AT1 baby_NN1 doll_NN1 ,_, to_II a_AT1 child_NN1 of_IO up_RG21 
to_RG22 eight_MC years_NNT2 old_JJ have_VH0 all_RR been_VBN based_VVN on_II 
the_AT littlest_JJT star_NN1 in_II Hollywood_NP1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Made_VVN of_IO composition_NN1 ,_, dolls_NN2 portraying_VVG 
Deanna_NP1 Durbin_NP1 ,_, Judy_NP1 Garland_NP1 ,_, Jane_NP1 Withers_NP1 ,_, 
Jackie_NP1 Coogan_NP1 and_CC many_DA2 others_NN2 ,_, are_VBR very_RG 
sought_VVN after_II additions_NN2 to_II the_AT collector_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Prices_NN2 of_IO such_DA dolls_NN2 are_VBR heading_VVG up_RP and_CC 
up_RP well_RR over_II the_AT *+_NULL $500_NNU mark_NN1 in_II the_AT States_NP1 
._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL You_PPY can_VM still_RR get_VVI the_AT odd_JJ version_NN1 
here_RL for_IF a_AT1 much_RR lower_JJR price_NN1 though_RR ;_; and_CC you_PPY 
can_VM get_VVI a_AT1 genuine_JJ antique_JJ doll_NN1 made_VVN of_IO 
papier_NN121 mache_NN122 or_CC composition_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 very_RG 
reasonable_JJ price_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Getting_VVG back_RP to_II the_AT modern_JJ dolls_NN2 though_CS 
,_, the_AT best_JJT investment_NN1 among_II these_DD2 ,_, are_VBR mint_NN1 
in_II box_NN1 samples_NN2 of_IO such_DA stars_NN2 as_II the_AT late_JJ 
Marilyn_NP1 Monroe_NP1 ,_, Princess_NNB Grace_NP1 ,_, Elizabeth_NP1 Taylor_NP1 
,_, James_NP1 Dean_NP1 ,_, Mae_NP1 West_NP1 and_CC John_NP1 Wayne_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Limited_JJ editions_NN2 of_IO many_DA2 movie_NN1 stars_NN2 come_VV0 
out_RP in_II the_AT United_NP States_NP1 each_DD1 year_NNT1 and_CC have_VH0 
a_AT1 good_JJ investment_NN1 potential_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Vying_VVG with_IW these_DD2 however_RR ,_, and_CC fetching_JJ 
top_NN1 dollar_NNU1 in_II the_AT market_NN1 place_NN1 ,_, are_VBR black_JJ 
and_CC oriental_JJ dolls_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Black_NP1 is_VBZ beautiful_JJ ,_, and_CC in_II some_DD cases_NN2 
rare_JJ and_CC very_RG very_RG costly_JJ ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Black_JJ bisque_NN1 dolls_NN2 ,_, or_CC dolls_NN2 made_VVN 
of_IO celluloid_NN1 to_TO portray_VVI south_ND1 sea_NN1 island_NN1 people_NN 
are_VBR current_JJ favourites_NN2 in_II many_DA2 countries_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Also_RR a_AT1 good_JJ quality_NN1 hard_JJ plastic_NN1 *'_" 
Pedigree_NN1 **'_" walking_VVG doll_NN1 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 those_DD2 
made_VVN in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 and_CC Australia_NP1 in_II the_AT 
1950s-1960s_NN2 for_IF Lines_NN2 Brothers_NN2 ,_, who_PNQS had_VHD a_AT1 
large_JJ network_NN1 of_IO factories_NN2 manufacturing_VVG hard_JJ plastic_NN1 
and_CC other_JJ types_NN2 of_IO dolls_NN2 and_CC toys_NN2 in_II 
Commonwealth_NNJ countries_NN2 ,_, are_VBR now_RT finding_VVG their_APPGE 
way_NN1 onto_II the_AT American_JJ market_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Recently_RR a_AT1 black_JJ walking_JJ doll_NN1 by_II *'_" 
Pedigree_NN1 **'_" was_VBDZ priced_VVN at_II {_NULL US_NP }_NULL *+_NULL 
$145_NNU and_CC considered_VVN quite_RR a_AT1 bargain_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 's_VBZ noticeable_JJ that_CST many_DA2 more_RGR 
hard_JJ plastic_NN1 dolls_NN2 are_VBR finding_VVG their_APPGE way_NN1 into_II 
collections_NN2 ,_, and_CC we_PPIS2 ought_VMK to_TO appreciate_VVI them_PPHO2 
a_PN121 bit_PN122 more_DAR than_CSN we_PPIS2 do_VD0 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Consideration_NN1 needs_VVZ to_TO be_VBI given_VVN to_II taking_VVG 
care_NN1 of_IO all_DB the_AT modern_JJ dolls_NN2 ,_, and_CC judicious_JJ 
buying_NN1 can_VM reap_VVI large_JJ benefits_NN2 in_II a_DD221 few_DD222 
years_NNT2 from_II now_RT ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Theriault_NP1 's_GE broke_JJ new_JJ ground_NN1 in_II recent_JJ 
years_NNT2 by_II putting_VVG a_AT1 vast_JJ collection_NN1 of_IO mint_NN1 in_II 
box_NN1 Barbie_NP1 dolls_VVZ up_RP for_IF auction_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Right_RR now_RT a_AT1 Black_JJ Barbie_NP1 is_VBZ a_AT1 good_JJ 
investment_NN1 ,_, because_CS not_XX so_RG many_DA2 of_IO these_DD2 were_VBDR 
manufactured_VVN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Also_RR the_AT earlier_JJR versions_NN2 in_II solid_JJ 
vinyl_NN1 are_VBR highly_RR sought_VVN after_II and_CC will_VM repay_VVI 
their_APPGE owners_NN2 quite_RG handsomely_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL Preferably_RR mint_VV0 in_II their_APPGE package_NN1 or_CC box_NN1 
though_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 seems_VVZ to_TO be_VBI the_AT modern_JJ criteria_NN2 
**[_NULL sic_RR **]_NULL *-_- it_PPH1 makes_VVZ sense_NN1 to_TO buy_VVI two_MC 
at_II a_AT1 time_NNT1 ,_, if_CS you_PPY want_VV0 to_TO give_VVI one_PN1 as_II 
a_AT1 gift_NN1 ,_, then_RT tuck_VV0 the_AT other_JJ away_RL ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 all_DB takes_VVZ a_AT1 bit_NN1 of_IO knowhow_NN1 ,_, 
and_CC a_AT1 bit_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 gamble_NN1 too_RR ,_, that_CST you_PPY can_VM 
figure_VVI out_RP the_AT odds_NN2 *-_- and_CC by_II putting_VVG away_RP the_AT 
best_JJT possible_JJ sample_NN1 of_IO any_DD particular_JJ doll_NN1 ,_, 
today_RT ,_, you_PPY are_VBR creating_VVG a_AT1 new_JJ heritage_NN1 *-_- 
the_AT treasures_NN2 of_IO tomorrow_RT ._. 

^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 182+TEXT+F39_FO **]_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL Half_DB Poland_NP1 's_GE schools_NN2 for_IF 
mentally_RR retarded_JJ children_NN2 are_VBR in_II Katowice_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT area_NN1 has_VHZ more_RGR circulatory_JJ and_CC respiratory_JJ 
diseases_NN2 and_CC more_DAR cancers_NN2 than_CSN the_AT rest_NN1 of_IO the_AT 
country_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Thirty-five_MC percent_NNU of_IO children_NN2 have_VH0 lead_NN1 
poisoning_VVG ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT culprit_NN1 is_VBZ air_NN1 pollution_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL THE_AT TINY_JJ *0_NULL East_NP German_JJ forest_NN1 pool_NN1 
was_VBDZ like_JJ crystal_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Sphagnum_NP1 moss_NN1 fringed_VVD it_PPH1 ,_, and_CC glistened_VVD 
underwater_RL like_II soft_JJ green_JJ coral_NN ._. 

^ ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ no_AT sign_NN1 of_IO life_NN1 ,_, no_AT sign_NN1 
of_IO decomposition_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Submerged_JJ golden_JJ leaves_NN2 gleamed_VVD as_CS21 though_CS22 
preserved_VVN in_II perspex_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Patches_NN2 of_IO purple_JJ heather_NN1 studded_VVD the_AT forest_NN1 
edges_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Idyllic_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Until_CS you_PPY saw_VVD the_AT trees_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Conifers_NP1 that_CST were_VBDR not_XX much_DA1 more_DAR 
than_CSN telephone_NN1 poles_NN2 ..._... gaunt_JJ ,_, with_IW trunks_NN2 
almost_RR bare_JJ of_IO bark_NN1 and_CC their_APPGE tops_NN2 twisted_VVD 
upwards_RL ._. 

^ ^_NULL A_DD221 few_DD222 skeletal_JJ white_JJ branches_NN2 remained_VVD ,_, 
with_IW twigs_NN2 sprouting_VVG from_II the_AT trunks_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Many_DA2 trees_NN2 had_VHD few_DA2 needles_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Dead_RG deciduous_JJ trees_NN2 were_VBDR being_VBG cut_VVN 
down_RP and_CC burnt_VVN along_II the_AT roads_NN2 between_II Jena_NP1 and_CC 
Leipzig_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Their_APPGE deaths_NN2 must_VM have_VHI been_VBN quick_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 were_VBDR covered_VVN in_II leaves_NN2 ,_, but_CCB the_AT 
leaves_NN2 were_VBDR grey_JJ and_CC crinkled_VVD ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL This_DD1 was_VBDZ one_MC1 small_JJ area_NN1 of_IO central_JJ 
Europe_NP1 ,_, but_CCB the_AT ghastly_JJ scenario_NN1 is_VBZ being_VBG 
repeated_VVN from_II eastern_JJ France_NP1 through_II the_AT Soviet_JJ 
Union_NN1 and_CC ,_, to_II a_AT1 lesser_JJ extent_NN1 ,_, in_II North_NP 
America_NP1 ,_, China_NP1 and_CC Japan_NP1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT cause_NN1 is_VBZ air_NN1 pollution_NN1 ,_, 
particularly_RR acid_JJ rain_NN1 ,_, acid_NN1 mist_NN1 and_CC fog_NN1 ,_, 
and_CC the_AT ensuing_JJ soil_NN1 acidity_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Though_CS early_JJ autumn_NNT1 ,_, it_PPH1 was_VBDZ sunny_JJ and_CC 
warm_JJ throughout_II our_APPGE two_MC weeks_NNT2 in_II East_NP Germany_NP1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB the_AT smog_NN1 layer_NN1 obliterated_VVD the_AT sun_NN1 
at_II less_RR21 than_RR22 20_MC degrees_NN2 above_II the_AT horizon_NN1 in_II 
all_DB the_AT southern_JJ parts_NN2 of_IO the_AT country_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL There_EX were_VBDR no_AT blue_JJ horizons_NN2 ,_, just_RR 
depressing_JJ shades_NN2 of_IO grey_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 asked_VVD our_APPGE guide_NN1 about_II it_PPH1 ,_, and_CC 
what_DDQ was_VBDZ happening_VVG to_II the_AT trees_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" We_PPIS2 have_VH0 no_AT problems_NN2 with_IW dying_JJ 
forests_NN2 ,_, **"_" she_PPHS1 said_VVD ._. 

^ ^_NULL *"_" That_DD1 's_VBZ a_AT1 West_NP German_JJ problem_NN1 ,_, not_XX 
ours_PPGE ._. **"_" 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB damage_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN reported_VVN to_II 12%_NNU of_IO 
East_NP German_JJ forests_NN2 and_CC extreme_JJ soil_NN1 acidification_NN1 
has_VHZ been_VBN recorded_VVN in_II the_AT south_ND1 ,_, according_II21 
to_II22 a_AT1 1985_MC Earthscan_NP1 publication_NN1 ,_, *1_NULL Acid_NN1 
Earth_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL *0_NULL Breeding_VVG acid-resistant_JJ species_NN ,_, and_CC the_AT 
expansion_NN1 of_IO nuclear_JJ power_NN1 figure_NN1 prominently_RR in_II 
this_DD1 country_NN1 's_VHZ steps_NN2 to_TO cope_VVI with_IW air_NN1 
pollution_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL THE_AT FIRST_MD WARNINGS_NN2 *0_NULL about_II 
damage_NN1 caused_VVN by_II air_NN1 pollution_NN1 came_VVD from_II the_AT 
Scandinavian_JJ countries_NN2 ,_, downwind_RL from_II industrial_JJ 
emissions_NN2 in_II Britain_NP1 and_CC northern_JJ Europe_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT early_JJ 1960s_MC2 ,_, there_EX was_VBDZ alarm_NN1 
about_II acidified_JJ lakes_NN2 and_CC disappearing_VVG freshwater_JJ 
fishing_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL By_II 1982_MC ,_, Sweden_NP1 had_VHD 18,000_MC lifeless_JJ lakes_NN2 
,_, twice_RR as_RG many_DA2 as_CSA in_II 1975_MC ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Forest_NN1 damage_NN1 is_VBZ now_RT widespread_JJ in_II 
Scandinavia_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Finland_NP1 's_GE forests_NN2 ,_, in_RR21 particular_RR22 ,_, are_VBR 
expected_VVN to_TO be_VBI in_II a_AT1 near-disaster_JJ state_NN1 by_II the_AT 
1990s_MC2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT increase_NN1 in_II destruction_NN1 is_VBZ alarming_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL For_REX21 example_REX22 ,_, spruce_JJ forest_NN1 damage_NN1 was_VBDZ 
first_MD observed_VVD in_II West_NP Germany_NP1 in_II 1980_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL By_II 1982_MC ,_, 7.6%_FO of_IO the_AT forests_NN2 were_VBDR 
affected_VVN ;_; by_II 1983_MC ,_, 34%_NNU ;_; by_II 1984_MC 50.2%_FO ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT devastation_NN1 of_IO German_JJ forests_NN2 was_VBDZ 
reportedly_RR 5200_MC \_NULL sq_NNU21 \_NULL km_NNU22 in_II 1984_MC ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Czechoslovakian_JJ newspapers_NN2 warn_VV0 that_CST an_AT1 
ecological_JJ catastrophe_NN1 looms_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Forest_NN1 damage_NN1 estimates_VVZ range_NN1 from_II half_DB a_AT1 
million_NNO to_II one_MC1 million_NNO hectares_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL All_DB forests_NN2 higher_JJR than_CSN 800_MC metres_NNU2 above_II 
sea_NN1 level_NN1 are_VBR damaged_VVN and_CC up_RG21 to_RG22 300,000_MC \_NULL 
ha_UH are_VBR destroyed_VVN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Poland_NP1 is_VBZ described_VVN as_II *"_" the_AT world_NN1 
's_GE most_RGT polluted_JJ country_NN1 **"_" ._. 

^ ^_NULL About_II 8%_NNU (_( half_DB a_AT1 million_NNO hectares_NN2 )_) of_IO 
forests_NN2 are_VBR damaged_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL Over_RG 200,000_MC \_NULL ha_UH of_IO trees_NN2 are_VBR thought_VVN 
to_TO **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL have_VHI died_VVN ,_, while_CS three_MC 
million_NNO hectares_NN2 are_VBR threatened_VVN by_II 1990_MC ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL A_AT1 third_MD of_IO Swiss_JJ trees_NN2 are_VBR damaged_VVN 
,_, with_IW 8%_NNU dead_JJ or_CC dying_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Soil_NN1 acidity_NN1 threatens_VVZ forests_NN2 that_CST protect_VV0 
mountain_NN1 towns_NN2 and_CC villages_NN2 and_CC as_RG many_DA2 as_CSA 
150,000_MC Swiss_JJ may_VM have_VHI to_TO leave_VVI their_APPGE homes_NN2 
because_II21 of_II22 the_AT danger_NN1 of_IO avalanches_NN2 and_CC 
mud-slides_NN2 ,_, according_II21 to_II22 the_AT *1_NULL Telegraph_NP1 *0_NULL 
(_( {_NULL UK_NP }_NULL )_) of_IO September_NPM1 7_MC ,_, 1985_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL Soil_NN1 instability_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX just_RR a_AT1 Swiss_JJ 
problem_NN1 *-_- it_PPH1 is_VBZ happening_VVG in_II all_DB mountainous_JJ 
areas_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Capital_NN1 losses_NN2 in_II forestry_NN1 amounting_VVG to_II 
nearly_RR *+_NULL $_NN {_NULL US_NP }_NULL 2_MC billion_NNO are_VBR 
predicted_VVN for_IF the_AT Netherlands_NP1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Tree_NN1 diseases_NN2 are_VBR springing_VVG up_RP 
wherever_RRQV there_EX are_VBR high_JJ levels_NN2 of_IO pollutants_NN2 ,_, 
especially_RR sulphur_NN1 dioxide_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT final_JJ cause_NN1 of_IO death_NN1 may_VM be_VBI from_II 
bark_NN1 beetles_NN2 ,_, for_REX21 instance_REX22 ,_, or_CC armillaria_NN1 (_( 
a_ZZ1 honeydew_NN1 fungus_NN1 )_) ._. 

^ ^_NULL Tree_NN1 damage_NN1 appears_VVZ to_TO have_VHI spread_VVN fast_RR 
only_RR because_CS the_AT dying_JJ trees_NN2 represent_VV0 the_AT final_JJ 
stage_NN1 of_IO stress_NN1 problems_NN2 that_CST have_VH0 been_VBN 
building_VVG up_RP for_IF years_NNT2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Core_NP1 samplings_NN2 of_IO damaged_JJ trees_NN2 show_NN1 they_PPHS2 
grew_VVD a_RR21 little_RR22 less_RRR each_DD1 year_NNT1 ,_, but_CCB the_AT 
damage_NN1 was_VBDZ only_RR obvious_JJ when_CS they_PPHS2 began_VVD to_TO 
die_VVI ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT quirky_JJ patterns_NN2 of_IO tree_NN1 death_NN1 
lead_NN1 to_II real_JJ difficulties_NN2 in_II deciding_VVG whether_CSW 
various_JJ species_NN have_VH0 particular_JJ sensitivities_NN2 ,_, or_CC 
whether_CSW the_AT entire_JJ ecosystem_NN1 is_VBZ in_II trouble_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Even_RR in_II the_AT Southern_NP1 Hemisphere_NP1 ,_, trees_NN2 
seem_VV0 to_TO be_VBI ailing_VVG *-_- gum_NN1 die-back_NN1 in_II Australia_NP1 
,_, pine_NN1 dothistroma_NN1 in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" Localised_JJ forest_NN1 catastrophes_NN2 have_VH0 
occurred_VVN periodically_RR since_II time_NNT1 **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL 
immemorial_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II this_DD1 century_NNT1 ,_, there_EX was_VBDZ fir_NN1 
die-back_NN1 in_II central_JJ Europe_NP1 ,_, **"_" says_VVZ \_NULL Dr_NNB 
Udo_NP1 Benecke_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 scientist_NN1 with_IW the_AT Forest_NN1 
Research_NN1 Institute_NNJ in_II Christchurch_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL A_AT1 forest_NN1 ecology_NN1 specialist_NN1 ,_, Benecke_NP1 
visited_VVD central_JJ European_JJ forests_NN2 in_II 1980_MC and_CC again_RT 
in_II late_RR 1984_MC ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL He_PPHS1 thinks_VVZ enormous_JJ amounts_NN2 of_IO European_JJ 
timber_NN will_VM flood_VVI world_NN1 markets_VVZ by_II the_AT 1990s_MC2 ,_, 
with_IW lowered_JJ prices_NN2 and_CC competition_NN1 posing_VVG a_AT1 real_JJ 
threat_NN1 to_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 's_GE new_JJ generation_NN1 timber_NN 
exports_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" Production_NN1 projections_NN2 from_II the_AT Black_NP 
Forest_NNL1 area_NN1 of_IO West_NP Germany_NP1 alone_RR show_VV0 an_AT1 
estimate_NN1 **[_NULL sic_RR **]_NULL 250%_NNU increase_NN1 over_II the_AT 
next_MD seven_MC years_NNT2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 will_VM be_VBI twice_RR our_APPGE current_JJ output_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Switzerland_NP1 's_GE output_NN1 could_VM increase_VVI by_II 250%_NNU 
to_II the_AT equivalent_NN1 of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 's_GE current_JJ cut_NN1 
._. **"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II the_AT long_JJ term_NN1 ,_, however_RR ,_, if_CS 
there_EX is_VBZ no_AT reduction_NN1 in_II Northern_NP1 Hemisphere_NP1 air_NN1 
pollution_NN1 ,_, there_EX may_VM indeed_RR be_VBI advantages_NN2 for_IF 
Southern_NP1 Hemisphere_NP1 timber_NN producers_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB timber_NN exporters_NN2 here_RL appear_VV0 unexcited_JJ by_II 
the_AT possibility_NN1 of_IO radical_JJ changes_NN2 in_II the_AT market_NN1 
._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL New_NP Zealand_NP1 Forest_NN1 Products_NN2 marketing_VVG 
manager_NN1 Ross_NP1 Glucina_NP1 :_: *"_" ^_NULL We_PPIS2 can_VM supply_VVI 
only_RR a_AT1 very_RG small_JJ proportion_NN1 of_IO world_NN1 demand_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Our_APPGE supplies_NN2 are_VBR strictly_RR finite_JJ ,_, and_CC 
we_PPIS2 really_RR do_VD0 n't_XX foresee_VVI any_DD problem_NN1 ._. **"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Benecke_NP1 says_VVZ conifers_NN2 and_CC spruce_NN1 are_VBR 
not_XX the_AT only_JJ species_NN under_II threat_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL *"_" At_RR21 first_RR22 ,_, deciduous_JJ broadleaved_JJ species_NN 
were_VBDR expected_VVN to_TO be_VBI relatively_RR immune_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Now_RT it_PPH1 's_VHZ realised_VVN all_DB trees_NN2 are_VBR 
susceptible_JJ ,_, though_CS with_IW varying_JJ sensitivities_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Central_NP Europe_NP1 's_GE major_JJ production_NN1 hardwood_NN1 
species_NN ,_, beech_NN1 ,_, is_VBZ now_RT showing_VVG rapid_JJ damage_NN1 ._. 
**"_" 

^ ^_NULL So_RR are_VBR Hungary_NP1 's_GE holm_JJ oaks_NN2 ,_, Britain_NP1 
's_GE beeches_NN2 ,_, oaks_NN2 and_CC yews_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB the_AT trees_NN2 are_VBR only_RR one_MC1 symptom_NN1 of_IO 
the_AT disease_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL CHANGES_NN2 IN_II THE_AT *0_NULL chemical_NN1 
environment_NN1 are_VBR changing_VVG the_AT ecosystem_NN1 ,_, according_II21 
to_II22 Professor_NNB Reimer_NP1 Herrman_NP1 of_IO Bayreuth_NP1 
University_NNL1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL A_AT1 hydrology_NN1 specialist_NN1 ,_, Herrman_NP1 is_VBZ in_II 
New_NP Zealand_NP1 under_II the_AT auspices_NN2 of_IO the_AT West_NP German_JJ 
Research_NN1 Council_NNJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL His_APPGE investigations_NN2 into_II trace_NN1 organics_NN2 and_CC 
the_AT ion_NN1 balance_NN1 in_II West_NP Coast_NP1 waters_NN2 are_VBR in_II31 
connection_II32 with_II33 acid_NN1 water_NN1 chemistry_NN1 in_II Europe_NP1 
._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL That_DD1 sparkling_JJ pool_NN1 in_II the_AT East_NP German_JJ 
forest_NN1 only_RR sparkled_VVD because_CS it_PPH1 was_VBDZ acid_NN1 ,_, 
he_PPHS1 says_VVZ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Sphagnum_NP1 flourishes_VVZ in_II water_NN1 at_II {_NULL pH_NN1 
}_NULL levels_NN2 less_RR21 than_RR22 2.8_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT low_JJ {_NULL pH_NN1 }_NULL means_VVZ there_EX are_VBR few_DA2 
organisms_NN2 and_CC the_AT water_NN1 is_VBZ clear_JJ ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL What_DDQ is_VBZ acid_JJ rain_NN1 ?_? 

^ ^_NULL What_DDQ do_VD0 {_NULL pH_NN1 }_NULL levels_NN2 mean_JJ ?_? 

^ ^_NULL Every_AT1 living_JJ thing_NN1 is_VBZ chemically_RR composed_VVN 
along_RP an_AT1 alkaline/_FO acid_NN1 scale_NN1 running_VVG from_II {_NULL 
pH_NN1 }_NULL 14_MC (_( total_JJ alkalinity_NN1 )_) down_RP to_II nought_PN1 
(_( total_JJ acidity_NN1 )_) ._. 

^ ^_NULL Most_DAT of_IO us_PPIO2 hover_NN1 happily_RR around_II the_AT 
halfway_JJ mark_NN1 and_CC find_NN1 we_PPIS2 manage_VV0 very_RG well_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB if_CS our_APPGE chemical_NN1 climate_NN1 is_VBZ disrupted_VVN 
by_II the_AT input_NN1 of_IO acid_NN1 pollutants_NN2 ,_, we_PPIS2 no_RR21 
longer_RR22 function_VV0 properly_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL Wherever_RRQV it_PPH1 falls_VVZ ,_, acid_NN1 rain_NN1 does_VDZ 
harm_VVI to_II living_JJ things_NN2 by_II altering_VVG the_AT chemical_NN1 
composition_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE environment_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Acidification_NN1 can_VM disrupt_VVI nature_NN1 ,_, from_II the_AT 
molecule_NN1 up_II21 to_II22 whole_JJ populations_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 works_VVZ by_II damaging_JJ cell_NN1 membranes_NN2 ,_, 
altering_VVG proteins_NN2 ,_, depressing_JJ enzyme_NN1 activity_NN1 and_CC 
reducing_VVG reproduction_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL *4_NULL ^_NULL ACIDIFICATION_NN1 *0_NULL has_VHZ a_AT1 complex_JJ 
chemistry_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Acid_NN1 rain_NN1 and_CC mist_NN1 are_VBR formed_VVN on_II a_AT1 
broad_JJ base_NN1 of_IO sulphur_NN1 dioxide_NN1 (_( {_NULL SO_CS *;_NULL 2_MC 
**;_NULL }_NULL )_) from_II smelters_NN2 ,_, thermal_JJ power_NN1 stations_NN2 
,_, factories_NN2 and_CC domestic_JJ fires_NN2 ,_, with_IW nitrogen_NN1 
oxides_NN2 (_( {_NULL NO_AT *;_NULL x_ZZ1 **;_NULL }_NULL )_) ,_, most_DAT 
of_IO which_DDQ come_VV0 from_II motor_NN1 vehicle_NN1 emissions_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Add_VV0 to_II this_DD1 the_AT myriad_NN1 of_IO chemicals_NN2 
produced_VVN and_CC spread_VVN by_II daily_JJ human_JJ activities_NN2 *-_- 
from_II pesticides_NN2 to_II hair_NN1 sprays_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Then_RT calculate_VV0 the_AT unbelievable_JJ mixtures_NN2 
concocted_VVD by_II sunshine_NN1 and_CC moisture_NN1 in_II this_DD1 noxious_JJ 
mix_NN1 ..._... you_PPY will_VM marvel_VVI there_RL are_VBR *1_NULL any_DD 
*0_NULL trees_NN2 left_VVD alive_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Or_CC humans_NN2 ,_, for_IF that_DD1 matter_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II dry_JJ conditions_NN2 ,_, pollutants_NN2 may_VM be_VBI 
carried_VVN thousands_NNO2 of_IO kilometres_NNU2 from_II the_AT point_NN1 
of_IO emission_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Oxidation_NN1 and_CC moisture_NN1 in_II the_AT air_NN1 leads_VVZ 
to_II the_AT formation_NN1 of_IO dilute_JJ sulphuric_JJ and_CC nitric_JJ 
acids_NN2 from_II {_NULL SO_RR *;_NULL 2_MC **;_NULL }_NULL and_CC {_NULL 
NO_AT *;_NULL x_ZZ1 **;_NULL }_NULL ._. 

^ ^_NULL Airborne_JJ iron_NN1 and_CC manganese_NN1 speed_NN1 the_AT 
production_NN1 of_IO sulphuric_JJ acid_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL All_DB these_DD2 tax_VV0 an_AT1 atmosphere_NN1 which_DDQ 
is_VBZ increasingly_RR loaded_VVN with_IW carbon_NN1 dioxide_NN1 from_II 
fossil_NN1 fuel_NN1 combustion_NN1 ,_, a_ZZ1 loading_VVG now_RT increasing_VVG 
in_II an_AT1 exponential_JJ curve_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL High_JJ levels_NN2 of_IO {_NULL CO_FO *;_NULL 2_MC **;_NULL }_NULL 
are_VBR thought_VVN to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 major_JJ factor_NN1 in_II climatic_JJ 
instability_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ also_RR stresses_VVZ plant_NN1 life_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL All_DB plants_NN2 ,_, and_CC trees_NN2 in_RR21 particular_RR22 ,_, 
absorb_NN1 {_NULL CO_FO *;_NULL 2_MC **;_NULL }_NULL and_CC give_VV0 off_II 
oxygen_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ deep_RR scientific_JJ concern_NN1 at_II the_AT 7.5_MC 
million_NNO hectares_NN2 (_( at_RR21 least_RR22 )_) of_IO tropical_JJ rain_NN1 
forest_NN1 which_DDQ is_VBZ logged_VVN annually_RR ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT leaching_NN1 of_IO basic_JJ soil_NN1 nutrients_NN2 
such_II21 as_II22 calcium_NN1 ,_, magnesium_NN1 ,_, potassium_NN1 and_CC 
sodium_NN1 is_VBZ a_AT1 crucial_JJ factor_NN1 in_II the_AT failure_NN1 of_IO 
plant_NN1 life_NN1 to_TO flourish_VVI in_II acidic_JJ soils_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *2_NULL EVEN_RR THOSE_DD2 WHO_NP1 *0_NULL pooh-poohed_JJ 
scare_NN1 stories_NN2 about_II acid_NN1 rain_NN1 are_VBR becoming_VVG 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL concerned_JJ as_II the_AT deadly_JJ role_NN1 of_IO 
toxic_JJ metals_NN2 release_VV0 is_VBZ realised_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL Rain_NN1 with_IW {_NULL pH_NN1 }_NULL values_NN2 of_IO below_RG 4_MC 
mobilises_VVZ metals_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 aluminium_NN1 ,_, lead_NN1 ,_, 
cadmium_NN1 ,_, mercury_NN1 and_CC copper_NN1 from_II the_AT soil_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL All_DB are_VBR harmful_JJ to_II living_JJ things_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Of_IO these_DD2 metals_NN2 ,_, aluminium_NN1 ,_, the_AT most_RGT 
common_JJ ,_, may_VM be_VBI the_AT most_RGT sinister_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 represents_VVZ about_II 5%_NNU of_IO the_AT Earth_NP1 's_GE 
crust_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Every_AT1 time_NNT1 you_PPY dig_VV0 your_APPGE garden_NN1 ,_, you_PPY 
are_VBR turning_VVG over_II minute_JJ quantities_NN2 of_IO invisible_JJ 
aluminium_NN1 ,_, some_DD of_IO which_DDQ is_VBZ soluble_JJ in_II acid_NN1 
conditions_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL \_NULL Dr_NNB Douglas_NP1 Godbold_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 soil_NN1 
researcher_NN1 from_II Gottingen_NP1 University_NNL1 ,_, speaking_VVG at_II 
the_AT 1985_MC conference_NN1 of_IO the_AT International_JJ Union_NNJ of_IO 
Pure_JJ and_CC Applied_JJ Chemistry_NN1 ,_, reported_VVD that_CST in_II 
1982_MC the_AT top_JJ level_NN1 of_IO aluminium_NN1 in_II West_NP German_JJ 
soils_NN2 was_VBDZ 30_MC \_NULL mg_NNU per_II litre_NNU1 ,_, but_CCB two_MC 
years_NNT2 later_RRR all_DB levels_NN2 had_VHD risen_VVN dramatically_RR ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Reimer_NP1 Herrman_NP1 says_VVZ aluminium_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT 
kiss_NN1 of_IO death_NN1 for_IF struggling_VVG trees_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 destroys_VVZ the_AT fine_JJ roots_NN2 of_IO conifers_NN2 
and_CC the_AT symbiotic_JJ fungi_NN2 important_JJ to_II nutrition_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL Toxic_NN1 to_II all_DB plants_NN2 
,_, toxic_JJ to_TO fish_VVI at_II 100_MC parts_NN2 per_II billion_NNO ,_, 
reducing_VVG bird_NN1 reproduction_NN1 rates_NN2 ,_, aluminium_NN1 is_VBZ 
associated_VVN with_IW Alzheimer_NP1 's_GE disease_NN1 in_II humans_NN2 ,_, 
with_IW formerly_RR rare_JJ bone_NN1 complaints_NN2 ,_, and_CC chronic_JJ 
neuro-physiological_JJ disorders_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Overall_JJ costs_NN2 of_IO acidification_NN1 can_VM only_RR 
be_VBI dimly_RR perceived_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ almost_RR no_AT aspect_NN1 of_IO life_NN1 where_CS 
it_PPH1 does_VDZ not_XX cause_VVI negative_JJ effects_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II human_JJ ill-health_NN1 ;_; in_II dwindling_VVG fisheries_NN2 
;_; in_II stock_NN1 and_CC crop_NN1 losses_NN2 ;_; corrosion_NN1 of_IO 
buildings_NN2 ,_, machinery_NN1 ,_, water_NN1 mains_NN and_CC tanks_NN2 ;_; 
forestry_NN1 and_CC tourism_NN1 losses_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Health_NN1 indicators_NN2 in_II Katowice_NP1 ,_, Poland_NP1 
's_GE most_RGT polluted_JJ area_NN1 ,_, include_VV0 :_: 35%_NNU of_IO 
children_NN2 and_CC adolescents_NN2 with_IW lead_NN1 poisoning_VVG ;_; 15%_NNU 
more_DAR circulatory_JJ diseases_NN2 ,_, 30%_NNU more_DAR cancers_NN2 ,_, 
and_CC 47%_NNU more_DAR respiratory_JJ diseases_NN2 than_CSN the_AT rest_NN1 
of_IO the_AT country_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Half_DB the_AT country_NN1 's_VHZ schools_NN2 for_IF mentally_RR 
retarded_JJ children_NN2 are_VBR in_II Katowice_NP1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Describing_VVG the_AT Netherlands_NP1 situation_NN1 ,_, 
Earthscan_NP1 reports_VVZ :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL With_IW 
figures_NN2 like_II these_DD2 ,_, what_DDQ are_VBR the_AT overall_JJ 
European_JJ costs_NN2 of_IO acid_NN1 deposition_NN1 damage_NN1 ?_? 

^ ^_NULL Such_DA estimates_NN2 would_VM have_VHI to_TO be_VBI so_RG 
far-reaching_JJ that_CST they_PPHS2 are_VBR all_RR21 but_RR22 impossible_JJ 
,_, according_II21 to_II22 Erik_NP1 Lykke_NP1 ,_, director_NN1 of_IO the_AT 
{_NULL OECD_NN1 }_NULL Environment_NN1 Directorate_NN1 in_II Paris_NP1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT cost_NN1 savings_NN2 from_II emission_NN1 controls_NN2 
are_VBR somewhat_RR more_RGR certain_JJ ,_, even_CS21 though_CS22 
estimates_NN2 vary_VV0 wildly_RR ,_, he_PPHS1 says_VVZ ._. 

^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL ABOUT_RG 100_MC million_NNO 
tonnes_NNU2 of_IO sulphur_NN1 dioxide_NN1 are_VBR emitted_VVN annually_RR 
throughout_II the_AT world_NN1 ,_, 93%_NNU in_II the_AT Northern_NP1 
Hemisphere_NP1 ;_; 7%_NNU in_II the_AT Southern_NP1 Hemisphere_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Hard_RR to_TO believe_VVI ,_, but_CCB New_NP Zealand_NP1 unloads_VVZ 
about_RG 111,000_MC tonnes_NNU2 annually_RR ,_, with_IW around_RG 82,000_MC 
tonnes_NNU2 blowing_NN1 out_RP to_II sea_NN1 ,_, according_II21 to_II22 
studies_NN2 by_II \_NULL Dr_NNB Tom_NP1 Clarkson_NP1 of_IO the_AT 
Meteorological_JJ Service_NN1 and_CC Roger_NP1 Holden_NP1 of_IO the_AT 
Health_NN1 Department_NNJ ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Clarkson_NP1 estimates_VVZ we_PPIS2 collect_VV0 a_AT1 
further_JJR 28,000_MC tonnes_NNU2 of_IO Australian_JJ sulphur_NN1 dioxide_NN1 
emissions_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT total_NN1 ,_, on_II an_AT1 area_NN1 basis_NN1 ,_, is_VBZ 
only_RR a_AT1 40th_MD of_IO the_AT amount_NN1 that_CST lands_NN2 in_II the_AT 
worst_JJT affected_JJ European_JJ areas_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" Acid_NN1 rain_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX a_AT1 significant_JJ 
problem_NN1 here_RL ,_, **"_" Clarkson_NP1 says_VVZ ._. 

^ ^_NULL *"_" It_PPH1 's_VBZ never_RR likely_JJ to_TO be_VBI one_PN1 unless_CS 
there_EX 's_VBZ a_AT1 large_JJ and_CC completely_RR unpredicted_JJ 
industrialisation_NN1 or_CC use_NN1 of_IO high_JJ sulphur_NN1 fuels_NN2 
here_RL or_CC in_II Australia_NP1 ._. **"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL But_CCB we_PPIS2 should_VM not_XX be_VBI too_RG complacent_JJ 
,_, in_II the_AT opinion_NN1 of_IO the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 Clean_JJ Air_NN1 
Society_NNJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL *"_" Although_CS our_APPGE population_NN1 is_VBZ small_JJ ,_, it_PPH1 
's_VHZ concentrated_VVN in_II cities_NN2 where_RRQ air_NN1 pollution_NN1 
levels_NN2 are_VBR far_RG21 from_RG22 satisfactory_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Pollution_NN1 is_VBZ ,_, generally_RR speaking_VVG ,_, getting_VVG 
worse_JJR ,_, not_XX better_RRR ,_, **"_" says_VVZ president_NN1 Janet_NP1 
Holm_NP1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Yet_RR the_AT comparative_JJ purity_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE 
air_NN1 **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL and_CC water_NN1 ,_, added_VVN to_II the_AT 
temperate_JJ climate_NN1 and_CC forests_NN2 of_IO the_AT South_NP Island_NP1 
,_, makes_VVZ us_PPIO2 an_AT1 ideal_JJ background_NN1 monitor_NN1 for_IF 
European_JJ research_NN1 on_II acid_NN1 rain_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL says_VVZ Reimer_NP1 Herrmann_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL *"_" There_EX is_VBZ nowhere_RL in_II the_AT Northern_NP1 
Hemisphere_NP1 that_DD1 is_VBZ not_XX polluted_VVN ._. **"_" 

^ ^_NULL As_CC31 well_CC32 as_CC33 his_APPGE research_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ is_VBZ 
being_VBG done_VDN with_IW Forest_NN1 Research_NN1 Institute_NNJ help_VV0 ,_, 
another_DD1 West_NP German_JJ project_NN1 on_II the_AT drawing-board_NN1 
is_VBZ comparing_VVG the_AT behaviour_NN1 of_IO certain_JJ tree_NN1 species_NN 
here_RL with_IW those_DD2 in_II Europe_NP1 ._. 

^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 183+TEXT+F40_FO **]_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL Tuesday_NPD1 's_GE British_JJ documentary_NN1 goes_VVZ 
bravely_RR into_II the_AT battlefield_NN1 that_CST is_VBZ toy_JJ marketing_NN1 
,_, examining_VVG the_AT worldwide_JJ struggle_NN1 between_II the_AT 
British_JJ Sindy_NN1 and_CC the_AT American_JJ Barbie_NP1 dolls_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 campaign_NN1 is_VBZ as_RG fiercely_RR 
fought_VVN as_CSA anywhere_RL and_CC television_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT main_JJ 
weapon_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL IF_CS YOU_PPY *0_NULL have_VH0 n't_XX checked_VVN out_RP a_AT1 
toyshop_NN1 lately_RR you_PPY could_VM be_VBI in_RP for_IF a_AT1 surprise_NN1 
*-_- Rosie_NP1 and_CC Hushabye_NP1 have_VH0 gone_VVN for_IF a_AT1 skate_NN1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL Their_APPGE place_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN firmly_RR taken_VVN by_II 
the_AT queen_NN1 of_IO the_AT dolls_NN2 ,_, Barbie_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS top_VV0 
sells_VVZ not_XX just_RR in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 and_CC in_II the_AT 
United_NP States_NP1 but_CCB the_AT world_NN1 over_RP ._. 

^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 's_VHZ made_VVN in_II her_APPGE thousands_NNO2 and_CC 
produces_VVZ millions_NNO2 for_IF her_APPGE makers_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL At_RR21 first_RR22 acquaintance_NN1 she_PPHS1 seems_VVZ to_TO 
be_VBI a_AT1 rather_RG vacuously_RR cheerful_JJ blonde_JJ person_NN1 with_IW 
a_AT1 highly_RR developed_JJ fondness_NN1 for_IF clothes_NN2 and_CC 
hairstyling_VVG ._. 

^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 's_VHZ apparently_RR going_VVG on_II 18_MC and_CC has_VHZ 
been_VBN for_IF 27_MC years_NNT2 since_CS she_PPHS1 first_MD hit_VVD the_AT 
market_NN1 in_II 1959_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 's_VHZ certainly_RR one_MC1 version_NN1 of_IO the_AT 
all-American_JJ suburban_JJ consumerette_NN1 and_CC does_VDZ n't_XX exactly_RR 
present_VVI many_DA2 aspects_NN2 of_IO alternative_JJ life_NN1 styles_NN2 ,_, 
despite_II her_PPHO1 undoubtedly_RR numerous_JJ *"_" looks_NN2 **"_" ._. 

^ ^_NULL Okay_RR ,_, she_PPHS1 rides_VVZ horses_NN2 and_CC has_VHZ a_AT1 
computer_NN1 but_CCB she_PPHS1 does_VDZ n't_XX somehow_RR represent_VVI 
life_NN1 in_II the_AT fullness_NN1 of_IO its_APPGE challenges_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Is_VBZ Barbie_NP1 providing_VVG tacky_JJ role_NN1 models_NN2 
for_IF young_JJ girls_NN2 then_RT ?_? 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Bob_NP1 Blake_NP1 ,_, sales_NN2 and_CC marketing_NN1 
manager_NN1 for_IF her_APPGE makers_NN2 ,_, Mattel_NP1 :_: 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ slightly_RR hard_JJ 
to_TO agree_VVI with_IW on_II inspection_NN1 of_IO Barbie_NP1 's_GE 
physique_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 has_VHZ undeniably_RR large_JJ breasts_NN2 and_CC the_AT 
proverbial_JJ legs_NN2 that_CST keep_VV0 going_VVG up_RP *-_- she_PPHS1 
looks_VVZ like_II an_AT1 adult_JJ male_JJ fantasy_NN1 from_II just_RR21 
about_RR22 any_DD angle_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Scaled_JJ up_II21 to_II22 life_NN1 size_NN1 ,_, her_APPGE legs_NN2 
would_VM be_VBI something_PN1 like_II 122_MC \_NULL cm_NNU long_RR ,_, 
her_APPGE waist_NN1 68_MC \_NULL cm_NNU and_CC her_APPGE bust_NN1 122_MC 
\_NULL cm_NNU (_( that_DD1 's_VBZ 48_MC \_NULL in_II if_CSW you_PPY 're_VBR 
still_RR in_II imperial_JJ for_IF such_DA matters_NN2 )_) ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Poor_JJ Barbie_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 spends_VVZ so_RG much_DA1 time_NNT1 on_II her_APPGE 
appearance_NN1 ,_, but_CCB where_RRQ does_VDZ it_PPH1 get_VVI her_PPHO1 ?_? 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL As_CSA child_NN1 development_NN1 writer_NN1 and_CC adult_JJ 
education_NN1 lecturer_NN1 at_II Victoria_NP1 University_NNL1 Beverley_NP1 
Morris_NP1 points_VVZ out_RP ,_, not_XX very_RG far_RR :_: *"_" ^_NULL The_AT 
real_JJ reason_NN1 Barbie_NP1 is_VBZ dressing_VVG up_RP in_II the_AT way_NN1 
she_PPHS1 does_VDZ is_VBZ to_TO attract_VVI a_AT1 male_JJ doll_NN1 who_PNQS 
wo_VM n't_XX be_VBI able_JK to_TO perform_VVI ._. **"_" 

^ ^_NULL In_II fact_NN1 Ken_NP1 ,_, Barbie_NP1 's_GE romantic_JJ interest_NN1 
,_, wears_VVZ generously_RR proportioned_JJ Y-fronts_NN2 which_DDQ are_VBR 
part_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE body_NN1 mould_NN1 and_CC can_VM not_XX be_VBI 
removed_VVN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Does_VDZ it_PPH1 matter_VVI that_CST dolls_NN2 have_VH0 no_AT 
genitals_NN2 ?_? 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Morris_NP1 :_: *"_" ^_NULL Yes_UH ._. 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 think_VV0 it_PPH1 does_VDZ matter_VVI ._. 

^ ^_NULL Children_NN2 do_VD0 n't_XX get_VVI sufficient_JJ sex_NN1 
education_NN1 as_CSA it_PPH1 is_VBZ so_CS it_PPH1 must_VM be_VBI very_RG 
mysterious_JJ for_IF them_PPHO2 to_TO be_VBI handling_VVG dolls_NN2 that_CST 
do_VD0 n't_XX have_VHI genital_JJ organs_NN2 *-_- in_II fact_NN1 it_PPH1 
's_VBZ very_RG misleading_JJ ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" What_DDQ 's_VBZ more_RRR ,_, the_AT whole_JJ concept_NN1 
is_VBZ maintaining_VVG the_AT fiction_NN1 about_II the_AT romance_NN1 of_IO 
living_VVG *-_- you_PPY 've_VH0 got_VVN to_TO be_VBI conventionally_RR 
beautiful_JJ and_CC physically_RR attractive_JJ to_TO catch_VVI a_AT1 
partner_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" It_PPH1 's_VBZ hard_JJ on_II girls_NN2 who_PNQS are_VBR 
still_RR developing_JJ and_CC not_XX knowing_VVG where_RRQ their_APPGE 
bodies_NN2 are_VBR leading_VVG them_PPHO2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL These_DD2 dolls_NN2 are_VBR much_RR too_RG slim_JJ and_CC could_VM 
be_VBI yet_RR another_DD1 **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL factor_NN1 
contributing_VVG to_II young_JJ women_NN2 thinking_VVG they_PPHS2 have_VH0 
to_TO diet_VVI to_TO be_VBI that_CST shape_VV0 ._. **"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 Play_NN1 Centre_NN1 Federation_NNJ 
have_VH0 available_JJ a_AT1 range_NN1 of_IO sexed_JJ dolls_NN2 and_CC 
dolls_NN2 from_II a_AT1 variety_NN1 of_IO ethnic_JJ groups_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Wellington_NP1 equipment_NN1 officer_NN1 Sally_NP1 Alman_NP1 :_: *"_" 
^_NULL We_PPIS2 feel_VV0 it_PPH1 's_VBZ important_JJ to_TO have_VHI a_AT1 
good_JJ range_NN1 of_IO dolls_NN2 from_II many_DA2 races_NN2 and_CC of_IO 
both_DB2 sexes_NN2 so_CS children_NN2 can_VM learn_VVI about_II their_APPGE 
bodies_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 obviously_RR encourage_VV0 talking_VVG and_CC 
communication_NN1 with_IW the_AT children_NN2 about_II various_JJ themes_NN2 
and_CC these_DD2 would_VM be_VBI among_II them_PPHO2 ._. **"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Morris_NP1 would_VM like_VVI to_TO see_VVI extensive_JJ 
research_NN1 on_II children_NN2 's_GE use_NN1 of_IO play_NN1 time_NNT1 and_CC 
the_AT impact_NN1 of_IO television_NN1 on_II it_PPH1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL *"_" One_MC1 of_IO my_APPGE complaints_NN2 about_II play_NN1 ,_, 
especially_RR for_IF girls_NN2 ,_, is_VBZ that_DD1 it_PPH1 's_VBZ not_XX 
physical_JJ enough_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 do_VD0 n't_XX get_VVI out_RP there_RL making_VVG dens_NN2 
,_, forts_NN2 and_CC houses_NN2 or_CC climbing_VVG trees_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT Barbie_NP1 doll_NN1 is_VBZ an_AT1 example_NN1 of_IO 
something_PN1 that_CST keeps_VVZ them_PPHO2 inside_RL ,_, continuing_VVG 
what_DDQ was_VBDZ started_VVN at_II preschool_NN1 *-_- girls_NN2 are_VBR 
neat_JJ ,_, tidy_JJ ,_, quiet_JJ ,_, well-behaved_JJ little_JJ individuals_NN2 
._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" It_PPH1 's_VBZ keeping_VVG them_PPHO2 out_II21 of_II22 
the_AT politics_NN of_IO living_VVG as_CS31 far_CS32 as_CS33 I_PPIS1 'm_VBM 
concerned_JJ ._. **"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *2_NULL SO_RR WHY_RRQ *0_NULL do_VD0 little_JJ girls_NN2 
want_VVI such_DA companions_NN2 ?_? 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 seems_VVZ the_AT simple_JJ answer_NN1 is_VBZ that_CST 
they_PPHS2 like_VV0 what_DDQ they_PPHS2 see_VV0 on_II television_NN1 and_CC 
that_CST the_AT ads_NN2 mould_VV0 their_APPGE market_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 seems_VVZ they_PPHS2 do_VD0 get_VVI what_DDQ they_PPHS2 
want_VV0 *-_- they_PPHS2 want_VV0 what_DDQ they_PPHS2 see_VV0 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL For_IF doll_NN1 selling_VVG the_AT articles_NN2 of_IO 
faith_NN1 are_VBR that_RG young_JJ girls_NN2 like_II things_NN2 pretty_JJ ,_, 
they_PPHS2 like_VV0 putting_VVG clothes_NN2 on_II whatever_DDQV it_PPH1 is_VBZ 
and_CC they_PPHS2 enjoy_VV0 the_AT hair-combing_JJ feature_NN1 as_RR21 
well_RR22 ._. 

^ ^_NULL So_RR who_PNQS would_VM have_VHI thought_VVN a_AT1 green_JJ 
unicorn_NN1 with_IW red_JJ hair_NN1 would_VM fit_VVI the_AT bill_NN1 ?_? 

^ ^_NULL Sick_JJ joke_NN1 ?_? 

^ ^_NULL No_UH ._. 

^ ^_NULL Marketing_NN1 success_NN1 ?_? 

^ ^_NULL Yes_UH ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Welcome_NN1 in_II My_APPGE Little_JJ Pony_NN1 ,_, currently_RR 
available_JJ in_II 16_MC variations_NN2 and_CC that_DD1 's_VBZ not_XX 
counting_VVG the_AT babies_NN2 and_CC the_AT sea_NN1 ponies_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Over_RG 150,000_MC have_VH0 been_VBN sold_VVN in_II New_NP 
Zealand_NP1 in_II the_AT last_MD two_MC years_NNT2 and_CC sales_NN2 
continue_VV0 to_TO boom_VVI ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" The_AT whole_NN1 My_APPGE Little_JJ Pony_NN1 concept_NN1 
has_VHZ surprised_VVN everybody_PN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL When_CS it_PPH1 first_MD came_VVD out_RP ,_, the_AT trade_NN1 did_VDD 
n't_XX really_RR see_VVI it_PPH1 as_II a_AT1 sure-fire_JJ winner_NN1 ,_, 
but_CCB little_JJ girls_NN2 have_VH0 really_RR taken_VVN to_II it_PPH1 ,_, 
**"_" says_VVZ Jon_NP1 Thorpe_NP1 ,_, president_NN1 of_IO the_AT Toy_NN1 
Distributors_NN2 Association_NNJ of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 and_CC managing_JJ 
director_NN1 of_IO KennerParker_NP1 ,_, distributors_NN2 of_IO the_AT 
ponies_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" I_PPIS1 'm_VBM absolutely_RR sure_JJ the_AT 
television_NN1 ads_NN2 have_VH0 helped_VVN significantly_RR in_II making_VVG 
the_AT thing_NN1 take_VVI off_RP ._. 

^ ^_NULL There_EX 's_VBZ no_AT doubt_NN1 the_AT jingle_NN1 in_II the_AT 
commercial_NN1 has_VHZ created_VVN a_AT1 lot_NN of_IO it_PPH1 ._. **"_" 

^ ^_NULL A_DD221 few_DD222 quotes_NN2 from_II the_AT literature_NN1 will_VM 
give_VVI the_AT general_JJ idea_NN1 of_IO the_AT concept_NN1 :_: 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Getting_VVG the_AT picture_NN1 ?_? 

^ ^_NULL Most_DAT outfits_NN2 come_VV0 with_IW four_MC shoes_NN2 *-_- this_DD1 
is_VBZ a_AT1 clothes_NN2 horse_VV0 *-_- though_CS Sweet_JJ Dreams_NN2 has_VHZ 
four_MC hair_NN1 rollers_NN2 instead_RR ,_, two_MC for_IF the_AT mane_NN1 
and_CC two_MC for_IF the_AT tail_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL There_EX 's_VBZ a_AT1 grooming_JJ parlour_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 show_NN1 
parlour_NN1 and_CC the_AT stationery_NN1 ,_, bed_NN1 quilts_NN2 ,_, 
crayons_NN2 ,_, lunch_NN1 boxes_NN2 and_CC clothing_NN1 are_VBR under_II 
negotiation_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT potential_NN1 for_IF covetousness_NN1 is_VBZ enormous_JJ !_! 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Barbie_NP1 is_VBZ the_AT same_DA ._. 

^ ^_NULL Her_APPGE whole_JJ world_NN1 is_VBZ up_RP for_IF grabs_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL One_MC1 pamphlet_NN1 helpfully_RR **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL 
illustrates_VVZ 72_MC other_JJ dolls_NN2 and_CC their_APPGE outfits_NN2 in_II 
the_AT range_NN1 ,_, including_II wedding_NN1 of_IO the_AT year_NNT1 (_( 
not_XX all_DB available_JJ in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 )_) ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Blake_NP1 :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL 
This_DD1 year_NNT1 the_AT Magic_NN1 Moves_VVZ Barbie_NP1 is_VBZ the_AT 
most_RGT expensive_JJ ,_, retailing_VVG at_II around_II *+_NULL $45_NNU ,_, 
and_CC there_EX are_VBR 18_MC other_JJ friends_NN2 for_IF keen_JJ 
collectors_NN2 ,_, including_II several_DA2 versions_NN2 of_IO Ken_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Barbie_NP1 is_VBZ also_RR able_JK to_TO have_VHI a_AT1 car_NN1 and_CC 
a_AT1 pony_NN1 and_CC many_DA2 other_JJ accessories_NN2 ,_, including_II a_ZZ1 
jazzercize_VV0 centre_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 day-to-night_NNT1 home/_FO office_NN1 
:_: at_II home_RL it_PPH1 's_VBZ that_DD1 old_JJ haircare_NN1 in_II the_AT 
bedroom_NN1 scene_NN1 while_CS at_II work_NN1 it_PPH1 's_VBZ a_AT1 filing_JJ 
cabinet_NN1 ,_, computer_NN1 ,_, coffee_NN1 mug_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 candid_JJ 
of_IO Ken_NP1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Do_VD0 such_DA doll_VVI *"_" systems_NN2 **"_" encourage_VV0 
consumerism_NN1 ?_? 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Blake_NP1 :_: *"_" ^_NULL The_AT fact_NN1 is_VBZ children_NN2 
are_VBR acquisitive_JJ ,_, as_CSA adults_NN2 are_VBR ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 is_VBZ not_XX a_AT1 learnt_JJ pattern_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 's_VBZ in_II the_AT nature_NN1 of_IO man_NN1 ,_, rather_CS21 
than_CS22 in_II the_AT nature_NN1 of_IO the_AT toys_NN2 ._. **"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Yes_UH ._. 

^ ^_NULL Well_RR ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *2_NULL EVEN_CS21 IF_CS22 *0_NULL the_AT young_JJ girls_NN2 
are_VBR n't_XX swayed_VVN by_II television_NN1 ,_, store_NN1 toy_NN1 
buyers_NN2 for_RR41 the_RR42 most_RR43 part_RR44 are_VBR ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT frequent_JJ answer_NN1 to_II *"_" ^_NULL What_DDQ do_VD0 
you_PPY base_VVI stocking_VVG decisions_NN2 on_II ?_? **"_" was_VBDZ *"_" 
^_NULL What_DDQ 's_VBZ being_VBG advertised_VVN **"_" ._. 

^ ^_NULL Stores_NN2 do_VD0 consider_VVI suitability_NN1 and_CC price_NN1 
when_CS filling_VVG their_APPGE shelves_NN2 but_CCB planned_JJ television_NN1 
exposure_NN1 is_VBZ an_AT1 over-riding_JJ factor_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Josie_NP1 Pascoe_NP1 ,_, senior_JJ toy_NN1 buyer_NN1 for_IF 
{_NULL L_NP1 D_NP1 }_NULL Nathan_NP1 ,_, one_MC1 of_IO the_AT country_NN1 
's_GE biggest_JJT toy_NN1 retailers_NN2 :_: *"_" ^_NULL Advertising_NN1 
certainly_RR does_VDZ play_VVI a_AT1 big_JJ part_NN1 and_CC it_PPH1 's_VBZ 
playing_VVG a_AT1 bigger_JJR role_NN1 each_DD1 year_NNT1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL A_AT1 toy_NN1 like_II transformers_NN2 would_VM have_VHI to_TO be_VBI 
a_AT1 good_JJ example_NN1 of_IO what_DDQ 's_VBZ happening_VVG ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 's_VBZ a_AT1 toy_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 lot_NN of_IO play_NN1 
value_NN1 but_CCB not_XX something_PN1 that_CST would_VM have_VHI been_VBN 
recognised_VVN by_II kids_NN2 before_II television_NN1 advertising_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 estimate_VV0 we_PPIS2 will_VM sell_VVI more_DAR of_IO 
them_PPHO2 than_CSN any_DD other_JJ toy_NN1 this_DD1 year_NNT1 *-_- 20_MC 
percent_NNU of_IO those_DD2 go_VV0 to_II girls_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" Care_NN1 Bears_NN2 are_VBR another_DD1 example_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 were_VBDR heavily_RR advertised_VVN last_MD year_NNT1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 offer_VV0 no_AT more_DAR benefits_NN2 than_CSN any_DD 
other_JJ 13-inch_JJ bear_NN1 but_CCB ,_, because_II21 of_II22 television_NN1 
,_, their_APPGE sales_NN2 were_VBDR tremendous_JJ ._. **"_" 

^ ^_NULL Barbie_NP1 is_VBZ {_NULL L_NP1 D_NP1 }_NULL Nathan_NP1 's_GE most_RGT 
sold_JJ doll_NN1 ,_, though_CS the_AT same_DA revenue_NN1 comes_VVZ in_RP 
from_II fewer_DAR unit_NN1 sales_NN2 of_IO the_AT more_RGR expensive_JJ 
Cabbage_NN1 Patch_NN1 kids_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Nobody_PN1 mentioned_VVD market_NN1 research_NN1 in_II New_NP 
Zealand_NP1 ,_, though_CS some_DD toy_NN1 distributors_NN2 do_VD0 try_VVI 
a_DD221 few_DD222 lines_NN2 out_RP on_II friends_NN2 and_CC family_NN ._. 

^ ^_NULL Mostly_RR it_PPH1 seems_VVZ it_PPH1 's_VBZ follow_VV0 the_AT 
leader_NN1 to_TO market_VVI success_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Within_II the_AT general_JJ phenomenon_NN1 ,_, trends_NN2 
come_VV0 and_CC go_VV0 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Strawberry_NP1 Shortcake_NP1 and_CC her_APPGE smelly_JJ clan_NN1 
peaked_VVD in_II trendiness_NN1 coming_VVG up_II21 to_II22 Christmas_NNT1 
1984_MC ,_, though_CS 1985_MC went_VVD on_RP to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 record_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT market_NN1 has_VHZ since_RR softened_VVN ,_, as_CSA the_AT 
jargon_NN1 goes_VVZ ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL And_CC even_RR the_AT invincible_JJ can_VM waver_VVI ;_; 
the_AT sales_NN2 phenomenon_NN1 of_IO the_AT planet_NN1 has_VHZ faltered_VVN 
!_! 

^ ^_NULL Cabbage_NN1 Patch_NN1 kids_NN2 have_VH0 peaked_VVN in_II the_AT 
States_NP1 ,_, despite_II having_VHG their_APPGE portraits_NN2 taken_VVN by_II 
Andy_NP1 Warhol_NP1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX were_VBDR teething_VVG troubles_NN2 in_II New_NP 
Zealand_NP1 ,_, though_CS there_EX 's_VBZ still_JJ room_NN1 for_IF 
expansion_NN1 in_II the_AT market_NN1 here_RL ._. 

^ ^_NULL Thorpe_NP1 :_: *"_" ^_NULL Unfortunately_RR we_PPIS2 were_VBDR 
forced_VVN by_II overseas_JJ suppliers_NN2 to_TO take_VVI far_RG more_DAR 
boy_NN1 dolls_NN2 than_CSN the_AT market_NN1 here_RL really_RR wanted_VVD ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 kept_VVD insisting_VVG we_PPIS2 could_VM n't_XX have_VHI 
little_JJ girl_NN1 dolls_NN2 without_IW little_DA1 boy_NN1 dolls_NN2 but_CCB 
New_NP Zealand_NP1 girls_NN2 have_VH0 shown_VVN a_AT1 clear_JJ preference_NN1 
._. **"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL KennerParker_NP1 are_VBR now_RT busy_JJ performing_NN1 mass_JJ 
sex-change_JJ operations_NN2 *-_- under_II licence_NN1 ,_, of_RR21 course_RR22 
._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL As_CSA in_II a_AT1 growing_JJ number_NN1 of_IO other_JJ 
facets_NN2 of_IO life_NN1 the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 toy_NN1 market_NN1 is_VBZ 
but_RR a_AT1 microcosm_NN1 of_IO the_AT United_NP States_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL A_AT1 *1_NULL Wall_NP Street_NNL1 Journal_NN1 *0_NULL report_NN1 
of_IO late_JJ last_MD year_NNT1 outlines_VVZ the_AT situation_NN1 there_RL :_: 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Transformers_NN2 ,_, vehicles_NN2 
that_CST become_VV0 robots_NN2 ,_, were_VBDR voted_VVN the_AT New_NP 
Zealand_NP1 toy_NN1 of_IO the_AT year_NNT1 for_IF 1985_MC and_CC are_VBR 
expected_VVN to_TO be_VBI so_CS again_RT in_II 1986_MC (_( it_PPH1 means_VVZ 
they_PPHS2 sold_VVD the_AT best_JJT )_) ,_, and_CC the_AT big_JJ three_MC 
are_VBR all_DB well_RR represented_VVN here_RL ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Mattel_NP1 ,_, the_AT largest_JJT toy_NN1 manufacturers_NN2 
in_II the_AT world_NN1 ,_, plan_NN1 to_TO have_VHI 15_MC percent_NNU of_IO 
the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 toy_NN1 market_NN1 by_II the_AT end_NN1 of_IO 
this_DD1 year_NNT1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Barbie_NP1 at_II *+_NULL $7_NNU million_NNO sales_NN2 will_VM 
account_VVI for_IF half_DB of_IO that_DD1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Not_XX bad_RR going_VVG since_CS they_PPHS2 established_VVD 
themselves_PPX2 here_RL only_RR last_MD September_NPM1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Their_APPGE products_NN2 were_VBDR previously_RR peddled_VVN by_II 
other_JJ people_NN under_II licence_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL With_IW a_AT1 staff_NN of_IO three_MC *-_- a_ZZ1 
receptionist_NN1 ,_, an_AT1 accountant_NN1 and_CC Blake_NP1 himself_PPX1 *-_- 
*"_" the_AT toys_NN2 do_VD0 all_DB the_AT work_NN1 **"_" ,_, he_PPHS1 says_VVZ 
._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Mattel_NP1 also_RR claim_VV0 to_TO have_VHI bought_VVN *+_NULL 
$1_NNU million_NNO of_IO \_NULL TV_NN1 advertising_NN1 for_IF toys_NN2 
alone_RR this_DD1 year_NNT1 (_( that_DD1 does_VDZ n't_XX include_VVI games_NN2 
)_) and_CC have_VH0 jostled_VVN up_RP the_AT ballpark_NN1 considerably_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL By_II tradition_NN1 they_PPHS2 start_VV0 their_APPGE advertising_NN1 
campaign_NN1 for_IF the_AT year_NNT1 on_II January_NPM1 1_MC1 ,_, sweeping_VVG 
away_II21 from_II22 the_AT previous_JJ New_NP Zealand_NP1 rush_NN1 up_II21 
to_II22 Christmas_NNT1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT other_JJ toy_NN1 companies_NN2 have_VH0 joined_VVN the_AT 
fray_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL But_CCB there_EX is_VBZ a_AT1 certain_JJ amount_NN1 of_IO 
healthy_JJ cynicism_NN1 within_II all_DB this_DD1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Says_VVZ Sindy_NP1 's_GE (_( Barbie_NP1 's_GE English_JJ 
counterpart_NN1 )_) distributor_NN1 ,_, Fortuna_NP1 Toys_NN2 '_GE managing_JJ 
director_NN1 Nathan_NP1 Chanesman_NP1 :_: *"_" ^_NULL I_PPIS1 guess_VV0 
you_PPY could_VM sell_VVI a_AT1 lump_NN1 of_IO four-by-two_MC if_CS you_PPY 
advertised_VVD it_PPH1 enough_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL If_CS you_PPY marketed_VVD it_PPH1 properly_RR ,_, every_AT1 kid_NN1 
on_II the_AT block_NN1 would_VM want_VVI one_PN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" Look_VV0 what_DDQ happened_VVD with_IW pet_JJ rocks_NN2 
._. 

^ ^_NULL That_DD1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 great_JJ marketing_NN1 success_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB I_PPIS1 do_VD0 think_VVI the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 market_NN1 
is_VBZ a_RR21 bit_RR22 more_RGR refined_JJ ,_, not_XX quite_RG so_RG 
gullible_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL You_PPY could_VM n't_XX pull_VVI some_DD of_IO the_AT silly_JJ 
things_NN2 that_CST have_VH0 happened_VVN overseas_RL here_RL ._. **"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL He_PPHS1 hastens_VVZ to_TO add_VVI that_CST the_AT New_NP 
Zealand_NP1 toy_NN1 market_NN1 is_VBZ far_RR from_II a_AT1 dumping_NN1 
ground_NN1 and_CC says_VVZ most_DAT distributors_NN2 are_VBR extremely_RR 
caring_VVG about_II their_APPGE product_NN1 ._. 

^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL *<_NULL *6_NULL WINNING_VVG WINES_NN2 *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *1_NULL Great_JJ wines_NN2 only_RR come_VVN with_IW time_NNT1 
and_CC patience_NN1 and_CC endless_JJ effort_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL New_NP Zealand_NP1 wines_NN2 are_VBR now_RT winning_VVG plaudits_NN2 
all_RR over_II the_AT world_NN1 for_IF their_APPGE individuality_NN1 and_CC 
quality_NN1 ._. 

^ *<_NULL By_II Christopher_NP1 Stevens_NP1 *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL It_PPH1 has_VHZ been_VBN known_VVN for_IF 120_MC 
years_NNT2 that_CST New_NP Zealand_NP1 had_VHD winegrowing_JJ potential_NN1 
,_, but_CCB delayed_VVD by_II a_AT1 small_JJ population_NN1 keener_JJR on_II 
fortified_JJ wine_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 very_RG close_JJ dalliance_NN1 with_IW 
prohibition_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Progress_NN1 was_VBDZ not_XX helped_VVN by_II the_AT 
arrival_NN1 of_IO the_AT disease_NN1 of_IO phylloxera_NN1 which_DDQ almost_RR 
wiped_VVD out_RP the_AT world_NN1 's_VHZ vineyards_NN2 at_II the_AT end_NN1 
of_IO the_AT last_MD century_NNT1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL So_RR it_PPH1 is_VBZ only_RR in_II the_AT last_MD 10_MC years_NNT2 
that_CST the_AT world_NN1 has_VHZ got_VVN over_II its_APPGE incredulity_NN1 
that_CST the_AT little_JJ country_NN1 at_II the_AT end_NN1 of_IO the_AT 
world_NN1 is_VBZ producing_VVG world_NN1 class_NN1 wine_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL While_CS the_AT big_JJ companies_NN2 of_IO Montana_NP1 ,_, 
Cooks_NP1 ,_, McWilliams_NP1 and_CC Corbans_NP1 produce_NN1 most_DAT of_IO 
the_AT export_NN1 wines_NN2 ,_, New_NP Zealand_NP1 has_VHZ its_APPGE share_NN1 
of_IO necessary_JJ boutique_NN1 wineries_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II this_DD1 review_NN1 ,_, and_CC travelling_JJ south_ND1 ,_, 
I_PPIS1 have_VH0 taken_VVN one_MC1 winery_NN1 from_II each_DD1 of_IO the_AT 
main_JJ areas_NN2 with_IW the_AT potential_JJ to_TO produce_VVI great_JJ 
wine_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II many_DA2 cases_NN2 this_DD1 is_VBZ already_RR being_VBG 
done_VDN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Just_RR north_ND1 of_IO Auckland_NP1 is_VBZ the_AT area_NN1 
of_IO Henderson_NP Valley_NNL1 ,_, Kumeu_NP1 and_CC Waimauku_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL At_II the_AT latter_DA is_VBZ the_AT 16.2_MC \_NULL ha_UH 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL winery_NN1 of_IO Matua_NP Valley_NNL1 Estate_NN1 
,_, owned_VVN by_II Ross_NP1 and_CC Bill_NP1 Spence_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL I_MC1 first_MD knew_VVD them_PPHO2 when_RRQ they_PPHS2 were_VBDR 
in_II a_AT1 tiny_JJ shed_NN1 in_II 1974_MC ,_, but_CCB they_PPHS2 are_VBR 
now_RT in_II a_AT1 very_RG impressive_JJ modern_JJ winery_NN1 and_CC 
their_APPGE wines_NN2 are_VBR equally_RR impressive_JJ ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT reason_NN1 why_RRQ grapes_NN2 are_VBR grown_VVN here_RL 
is_VBZ that_CST it_PPH1 is_VBZ close_JJ to_II the_AT city_NN1 where_CS 
nearly_RR half_DB of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 live_VV0 ._. 

^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 184+TEXT+F41_FO **]_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL In_II recent_JJ years_NNT2 there_EX has_VHZ been_VBN 
a_AT1 marked_JJ increase_NN1 in_II the_AT amount_NN1 of_IO violent_JJ 
crime_NN1 committed_VVD in_II urban_JJ centres_NN2 ,_, especially_RR 
involving_VVG rape_NN1 and_CC sexual_JJ assault_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL A_AT1 significant_JJ proportion_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 crime_NN1 is_VBZ 
committed_VVN within_II urban_JJ parks_NN2 and_CC a_AT1 high_JJ proportion_NN1 
of_IO sexual_JJ offences_NN2 also_RR occur_VV0 there_RL ._. 

^ ^_NULL As_II a_AT1 result_NN1 ,_, urban_JJ parks_NN2 have_VH0 become_VVN 
increasingly_RR dangerous_JJ to_II women_NN2 and_CC unaccompanied_JJ 
children_NN2 ._. 

^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Statistical_JJ evidence_NN1 *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Rape_NP1 site_NN1 statistics_NN are_VBR not_XX 
readily_RR available_JJ for_IF New_NP Zealand_NP1 but_CCB those_DD2 that_CST 
I_PPIS1 did_VDD find_VVI generally_RR supported_VVN figures_NN2 obtained_VVN 
by_II researchers_NN2 in_II the_AT {_NULL US_PPIO2 }_NULL ,_, Britain_NP1 
and_CC Australia_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Figures_NN2 taken_VVN from_II the_AT 1983_MC Justice_NP1 
Department_NNJ rape_NN1 study_NN1 show_VV0 that_DD1 of_IO 54_MC alleged_JJ 
rapes_NN2 ,_, 14_MC occurred_VVD in_II a_AT1 public_JJ place_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 corresponds_VVZ with_IW overseas_JJ figures_NN2 that_CST 
show_VV0 approximately_RR a_AT1 third_MD of_IO all_DB rapes_NN2 are_VBR 
committed_VVN in_II urban_JJ public_JJ spaces_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL A_AT1 wide_JJ variety_NN1 of_IO possible_JJ locations_NN2 
within_II the_AT general_JJ term_NN1 of_IO urban_JJ public_JJ spaces_NN2 
are_VBR obviously_RR possible_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Once_RR21 again_RR22 precise_JJ figures_NN2 are_VBR difficult_JJ 
to_TO obtain_VVI ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT most_RGT comprehensive_JJ list_NN1 comes_VVZ from_II \_NULL 
Dr_NNB Francis_NP1 Stoks_NP1 '_GE doctorial_JJ dissertation_NN1 to_II the_AT 
University_NN1 of_IO Washington_NP1 (_( 1982_MC )_) compilation_NN1 of_IO 
available_JJ figures_NN2 ,_, bearing_VVG in_II mind_NN1 that_CST many_DA2 
researchers_NN2 '_GE statistics_NN were_VBDR not_XX detailed_VVN enough_RR 
to_TO be_VBI included_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL Stoks_NP1 included_VVD both_DB2 attempted_VVD and_CC completed_JJ 
rape_NN1 figures_NN2 and_CC shows_VVZ that_CST 6.4%_FO occurred_VVN in_II 
parks_NN2 ,_, 7.4%_FO in_II wooded_JJ areas_NN2 ,_, 2.5%_FO in_II public_JJ 
recreation_NN1 areas_NN2 ,_, 3.4%_FO in_II school_NN1 grounds_NN2 and_CC 
1.5%_FO within_II vacant_JJ lots_PN ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT complete_JJ table_NN1 of_IO figures_NN2 are_VBR in_II 
Table_NN1 Two_MC ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Figures_NN2 obtained_VVN from_II police_NN2 statistics_NN 
of_IO sexual_JJ offences_NN2 reported_VVN in_II Christchurch_NP1 between_II 
31_MC May_NPM1 1984_MC and_CC 3_MC January_NPM1 1985_MC ,_, provide_VV0 a_AT1 
graphic_JJ example_NN1 of_IO how_RGQ unsafe_JJ urban_JJ parks_NN2 and_CC 
open_JJ spaces_NN2 really_RR are_VBR ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II a_AT1 period_NN1 of_IO just_RR over_RG six_MC months_NNT2 ,_, 
eight_MC urban_JJ parks_NN2 ,_, two_MC city_NN1 beaches_NN2 ,_, two_MC 
motorcamps_NN2 and_CC five_MC school_NN1 ground_NN1 areas_NN2 were_VBDR the_AT 
scene_NN1 of_IO 14_MC indecent/_FO obscene_JJ exposure_NN1 reports_NN2 and_CC 
17_MC indecent_JJ acts/_FO assaults_NN2 reports_VVZ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Table_NN1 Three_MC details_NN2 where_RRQ the_AT offences_NN2 
occurred_VVD ._. 

^ ^_NULL All_DB the_AT victims_NN2 were_VBDR female_JJ and_CC ages_NN2 
ranged_VVD from_II 4_MC years_NNT2 to_II 37_MC years_NNT2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL During_II March_NPM1 1985_MC national_JJ reported_JJ crime_NN1 
figures_NN2 for_IF the_AT previous_JJ year_NNT1 were_VBDR published_VVN 
showing_VVG a_AT1 rise_NN1 in_II *1_NULL reported_JJ *0_NULL sexual_JJ 
offences_NN2 from_II 2987_MC in_II 1983_MC to_II 3277_MC in_II 1984_MC ,_, 
*1_NULL reported_JJ *0_NULL rapes_NN2 rose_VVD from_II 321_MC in_II 1983_MC 
to_II 375_MC in_II 1984_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 would_VM be_VBI reasonable_JJ to_TO assume_VVI that_CST 
the_AT proportioned_JJ number_NN1 of_IO those_DD2 offences_NN2 which_DDQ 
occurred_VVD in_II parks_NN2 also_RR rose_VVD ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 came_VVD as_II no_AT surprise_NN1 when_RRQ the_AT 
Christchurch_NP1 police_NN2 issued_VVD a_AT1 warning_NN1 in_II March_NPM1 
1985_MC as_II21 to_II22 the_AT danger_NN1 of_IO assault_NN1 to_II women_NN2 
walking_VVG or_CC jogging_VVG in_II Hagley_NP Park_NNL1 even_RR during_II 
daylight_NN1 hours_NNT2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT resulting_JJ concern_NN1 and_CC anger_NN1 expressed_VVD 
was_VBDZ also_RR to_TO be_VBI expected_VVN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Christchurch_NP1 is_VBZ not_XX alone_JJ in_II having_VHG 
urban_JJ parks_NN2 that_CST are_VBR already_RR or_CC rapidly_RR becoming_VVG 
unusable_JJ ,_, to_II a_AT1 portion_NN1 of_IO the_AT community_NNJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT increase_NN1 in_II crime_NN1 is_VBZ nationwide_JJ and_CC 
the_AT associated_JJ fear_NN1 of_IO urban_JJ parks_NN2 continues_VVZ to_TO 
make_VVI a_AT1 mockery_NN1 of_IO traditional_JJ park_NN1 values_NN2 ._. 

^ *<_NULL *4_NULL Theories_NN2 of_IO park_NN1 safety_NN1 *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Various_JJ researchers_NN2 have_VH0 approached_VVN 
the_AT problem_NN1 of_IO urban_JJ park_NN1 crime_NN1 and_CC differing_VVG 
remedies_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN suggested_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL Newman_NP1 (_( 1972_MC )_) saw_VVD the_AT problem_NN1 as_CSA one_MC1 
of_IO lack_NN1 of_IO natural_JJ surveillance_NN1 from_II bordering_VVG 
streets_NN2 and_CC adjacent_JJ residents_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL His_APPGE suggestion_NN1 was_VBDZ to_TO design_VVI urban_JJ 
parks_NN2 with_IW narrow_JJ dimensions_NN2 ,_, oblong_JJ shapes_NN2 which_DDQ 
allowed_VVD residents_NN2 to_TO see_VVI from_II one_MC1 side_NN1 to_II 
another_DD1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 noted_VVD the_AT problem_NN1 with_IW interior_JJ areas_NN2 
of_IO large_JJ parks_NN2 but_CCB offered_VVD no_AT solutions_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL If_CS Newman_NP1 's_GE suggestions_NN2 were_VBDR to_TO be_VBI 
implemented_VVN then_RT urban_JJ parks_NN2 would_VM be_VBI rather_RG 
uninteresting_JJ spaces_NN2 ,_, something_PN1 that_CST park_NN1 planners_NN2 
strive_VV0 to_TO avoid_VVI ._. 

^ ^_NULL Vegetation_NN1 would_VM be_VBI minimal_JJ and_CC any_DD variation_NN1 
in_II ground_NN1 height_NN1 ,_, such_II21 as_II22 mounding_NN1 would_VM be_VBI 
unacceptable_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL More_RGR importantly_RR ,_, Newman_NP1 's_GE suggestions_NN2 do_VD0 
not_XX necessarily_RR ensure_VVI safe_JJ park_NN1 use_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Stoks_NP1 '_GE (_( 1982_MC )_) study_NN1 of_IO rape_NN1 
sites_NN2 in_II urban_JJ public_JJ space_NN1 in_II Seattle_NP1 found_VVD 
that_CST in_II 47.7%_FO of_IO the_AT studied_JJ cases_NN2 ,_, the_AT 
nearest_JJT likely_JJ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL overhearer_NN1 was_VBDZ 
within_RL less_RR21 than_RR22 23_MC metres_NNU2 and_CC in_II 53.8%_FO of_IO 
the_AT cases_NN2 so_CS was_VBDZ the_AT nearest_JJT likely_JJ observer_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II other_JJ words_NN2 ,_, a_AT1 park_NN1 that_CST is_VBZ highly_RR 
visible_JJ is_VBZ not_XX necessarily_RR safe_JJ from_II rape_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL A_AT1 similar_JJ approach_NN1 to_II Newman_NP1 's_GE ,_, 
but_CCB one_PN1 that_CST offers_VVZ a_AT1 more_RGR comprehensive_JJ 
rationale_NN1 ,_, is_VBZ that_DD1 of_IO Jacobs_NP1 (_( 1962_MC )_) in_II 
which_DDQ the_AT theme_NN1 is_VBZ still_JJ visibility_NN1 ,_, but_CCB as_II 
a_AT1 natural_JJ consequence_NN1 ensuring_VVG a_AT1 greater_JJR number_NN1 
of_IO people_NN over_II a_AT1 wider_JJR time_NNT1 span_NN1 are_VBR using_VVG 
parks_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 saw_VVD successful_JJ and_CC safe_JJ parks_NN2 as_CSA 
those_DD2 which_DDQ were_VBDR surrounded_VVN by_II a_AT1 diversified_JJ 
neighbourhood_NN ._. 

^ ^_NULL Neighbourhoods_NN2 made_VVD up_RP of_IO cultural_JJ centres_NN2 ,_, 
meeting_VVG places_NN2 ,_, restaurants_NN2 ,_, homes_NN2 ,_, commercial_JJ 
buildings_NN2 \_NULL etc_RA ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II this_DD1 way_NN1 parks_NN2 were_VBDR continually_RR 
being_VBG used_VVN by_II pedestrians_NN2 all_RR on_II differing_VVG time_NNT1 
schedules_NN2 ,_, going_VVG to_II work_NN1 ,_, coming_VVG home_RL ,_, 
going_VVG out_RP to_II dinner_NN1 ,_, going_VVG to_II meetings_NN2 \_NULL 
etc_RA ._. 

^ ^_NULL More_DAR eyes_NN2 in_II the_AT park_NN1 over_II a_AT1 greater_JJR 
time_NNT1 span_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Jacobs_NP1 also_RR believed_VVN that_CST by_II reducing_VVG 
the_AT number_NN1 of_IO similar_JJ parks_NN2 in_II neighbourhoods_NN2 
people_NN would_VM have_VHI to_TO fill_VVI up_RP the_AT fewer_DAR parks_NN2 
that_CST were_VBDR left_VVN ,_, once_RR21 again_RR22 supposedly_RR scaring_VVG 
away_RP the_AT potential_JJ offender_NN1 for_II31 fear_II32 of_II33 being_VBG 
seen_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL As_II a_AT1 method_NN1 of_IO improving_VVG park_NN1 safety_NN1 
Jacobs_NP1 '_GE ideas_NN2 would_VM be_VBI difficult_JJ to_TO implement_VVI ,_, 
they_PPHS2 may_VM be_VBI the_AT accidental_JJ result_NN1 of_IO urban_JJ 
redevelopment_NN1 ,_, but_CCB as_II a_AT1 primary_JJ safety_NN1 move_NN1 
they_PPHS2 would_VM be_VBI uneconomical_JJ ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Filling_VVG the_AT parks_NN2 may_VM have_VHI the_AT effect_NN1 
of_IO reducing_VVG some_DD crime_NN1 as_CSA it_PPH1 may_VM reduce_VVI the_AT 
number_NN1 of_IO opportunities_NN2 for_IF a_AT1 criminal_JJ to_TO remain_VVI 
unseen_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB this_DD1 can_VM not_XX be_VBI taken_VVN for_IF granted_VVN 
as_CSA Stoks_NP1 (_( 1982_MC )_) reveals_VVZ 46.9%_FO of_IO the_AT urban_JJ 
public_JJ space_NN1 rape_NN1 cases_NN2 he_PPHS1 studied_VVD occurred_VVD 
where_CS it_PPH1 was_VBDZ estimated_VVN that_CST some_DD five_MC to_II 
fifty_MC people_NN were_VBDR in_II the_AT vicinity_NN1 of_IO 90_MC metres_NNU2 
._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL A_AT1 New_NP Zealand_NP1 publication_NN1 *1_NULL Planning_VVG 
for_IF Urban_JJ Parks_NN2 and_CC Reserves_NN2 *0_NULL produced_VVN by_II 
the_AT Town_NN1 and_CC Country_NN1 Planning_NN1 Division_NNJ of_IO the_AT 
Ministry_NNJ of_IO Works_NN and_CC Development_NN1 ,_, echoes_VVZ Jacobs_NP1 
'_GE diversification_NN1 ideas_NN2 in_II park_NN1 planning_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT siting_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 variety_NN1 of_IO activities_NN2 
within_RL and_CC around_II the_AT edge_NN1 of_IO the_AT *"_" multi-use_JJ 
open_JJ space_NN1 **"_" including_II social_JJ and_CC cultural_JJ 
facilities_NN2 ,_, coffee_NN1 shops_NN2 ,_, restaurants_NN2 ,_, schools_NN2 
,_, sports_NN2 and_CC games_NN2 facilities_NN2 and_CC public_JJ transport_NN1 
,_, is_VBZ favoured_VVN ._. 

^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL ^_NULL Although_CS the_AT planning_NN1 
objective_NN1 of_IO engendering_JJ community_NNJ responsibility_NN1 for_IF 
its_APPGE surroundings_NN2 and_CC therefore_RR the_AT safety_NN1 of_IO 
its_APPGE surroundings_NN2 is_VBZ idealistically_RR sound_JJ ,_, it_PPH1 
does_VDZ not_XX mean_VVI that_DD1 elimination_NN1 of_IO violent_JJ crime_NN1 
problems_NN2 with_IW the_AT space_NN1 follows_VVZ ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL As_CSA shown_VVN in_II Table_NN1 three_MC ,_, a_AT1 wide_JJ 
variety_NN1 of_IO parks_NN2 are_VBR susceptible_JJ to_II crime_NN1 ,_, the_AT 
district_NN1 in_II which_DDQ they_PPHS2 are_VBR situated_VVN ,_, the_AT 
number_NN1 of_IO houses_NN2 which_DDQ surround_VV0 them_PPHO2 and_CC the_AT 
number_NN1 of_IO people_NN who_PNQS populate_VV0 them_PPHO2 ._. 

^ **[_NULL sic_RR **]_NULL ^_NULL These_DD2 facts_NN2 seem_VV0 to_TO have_VHI 
a_AT1 minimal_JJ effect_NN1 on_II whether_CSW they_PPHS2 will_VM be_VBI the_AT 
scene_NN1 of_IO violent_JJ crime_NN1 ._. 

^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL *<_NULL *4_NULL Present_JJ safety_NN1 
measures_NN2 in_II urban_JJ parks_NN2 *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT stance_NN1 taken_VVN by_II local_JJ 
authority_NN1 parks_NN2 and_CC recreation_NN1 departments_NNJ2 regarding_II 
park_NN1 safety_NN1 from_II violent_JJ crime_NN1 is_VBZ rather_RG haphazard_JJ 
._. 

^ ^_NULL If_CS a_AT1 problem_NN1 area_NN1 in_II an_AT1 existing_JJ park_NN1 
is_VBZ identified_VVN by_II the_AT police_NN2 ,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ generally_RR 
at_II their_APPGE request_NN1 that_CST alterations_NN2 are_VBR made_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL Otherwise_RR ,_, commonsense_JJ is_VBZ expected_VVN to_TO prevail_VVI 
when_RRQ routine_JJ maintenance_NN1 is_VBZ being_VBG carried_VVN out_RP ._. 

^ ^_NULL If_CS a_AT1 pathway_NN1 area_NN1 is_VBZ dark_JJ ,_, then_RT 
lighting_NN1 is_VBZ installed_VVN ,_, if_CS an_AT1 area_NN1 is_VBZ 
becoming_VVG overgrown_VVN then_RT it_PPH1 is_VBZ cut_VVN and_CC forced_VVN 
back_RP ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Generally_RR more_RRR care_VV0 is_VBZ taken_VVN with_IW 
children_NN2 's_GE play_NN1 areas_NN2 ,_, equipment_NN1 being_VBG located_VVN 
in_II high_JJ visibility_NN1 areas_NN2 with_IW an_AT1 absence_NN1 of_IO 
walls_NN2 or_CC other_JJ barriers_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Sometimes_RT as_II a_AT1 result_NN1 of_IO over_JJ reaction_NN1 to_II 
the_AT child_NN1 molestation_NN1 problem_NN1 ,_, play_NN1 areas_NN2 are_VBR 
barren_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT attempt_NN1 to_TO create_VVI an_AT1 area_NN1 of_IO 
high_JJ visibility_NN1 the_AT parks_NN2 department_NNJ creates_VVZ a_AT1 
desert_NN1 that_CST inevitably_RR sends_VVZ children_NN2 looking_VVG for_IF 
more_RGR interesting_JJ play_NN1 sites_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL With_IW the_AT creation_NN1 of_IO new_JJ parks_NN2 a_RR21 
little_RR22 more_RRR care_VV0 is_VBZ taken_VVN at_II the_AT design_NN1 
stage_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT awareness_NN1 that_DD1 crime_NN1 does_VDZ occur_VVI in_II 
parks_NN2 plays_VVZ a_AT1 greater_JJR role_NN1 today_RT in_II direct_JJ 
comparison_NN1 to_II many_DA2 of_IO the_AT early_JJ parks_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB often_RR this_DD1 awareness_NN1 extends_VVZ only_RR to_II 
siting_NN1 of_IO play_NN1 equipment_NN1 and_CC toilets_NN2 and_CC the_AT 
construction_NN1 of_IO vandal_NN1 proof_NN1 seating_NN1 and_CC rubbish_NN1 
containers_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Aesthetics_NP1 ,_, common_JJ sense_NN1 and_CC the_AT landscape_NN1 
architect_NN1 's_VBZ imagination_NN1 decide_VV0 the_AT rest_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Police_NN2 patrolling_VVG of_IO high_JJ risk_NN1 areas_NN2 ,_, 
including_II parks_NN2 ,_, has_VHZ always_RR been_VBN a_AT1 function_NN1 
taken_VVN for_IF granted_VVN by_II the_AT public_NN ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT ability_NN1 of_IO the_AT police_NN2 to_TO be_VBI in_II the_AT 
right_JJ place_NN1 at_II the_AT right_JJ time_NNT1 has_VHZ come_VVN under_II 
increasing_VVG pressure_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT rapid_JJ increase_NN1 in_II crime_NN1 ,_, and_CC the_AT 
staff_NN shortages_VVZ over_II the_AT last_MD few_DA2 years_NNT2 ,_, have_VH0 
meant_VVN that_CST police_NN2 resources_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN stretched_VVN 
to_II the_AT limit_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Instead_II21 of_II22 being_VBG able_JJ to_TO provide_VVI desirable_JJ 
preventative_JJ policing_NN1 they_PPHS2 are_VBR fighting_VVG a_AT1 rear_JJ 
guard_NN1 action_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ results_VVZ in_II more_DAR victims_NN2 
than_CSN discouraged_JJ potential_JJ offenders_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Patrolling_VVG on_II foot_NN1 through_II urban_JJ parks_NN2 must_VM 
be_VBI a_AT1 low_JJ priority_NN1 when_RRQ the_AT quick_JJ response_NN1 to_II 
a_AT1 call_NN1 demands_VVZ the_AT use_NN1 of_IO vehicles_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL A_ZZ1 police_NN2 warning_VVG to_II women_NN2 to_TO jog_VVI in_II 
groups_NN2 is_VBZ a_AT1 clear_JJ indication_NN1 that_CST the_AT police_NN2 
no_RR21 longer_RR22 have_VH0 the_AT resources_NN2 to_TO ensure_VVI safety_NN1 
within_II parks_NN2 and_CC that_CST the_AT responsibility_NN1 for_IF 
protection_NN1 as_CS31 far_CS32 as_CS33 they_PPHS2 are_VBR concerned_JJ ,_, 
lies_VVZ greatly_RR with_IW the_AT park_NN1 users_NN2 themselves_PPX2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT success_NN1 of_IO present_JJ park_NN1 safety_NN1 
measures_NN2 must_VM be_VBI weighed_VVN against_II the_AT success_NN1 of_IO 
the_AT park_NN1 to_TO fulfill_VVI its_APPGE function_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL A_ZZ1 children_NN2 's_GE play_NN1 area_NN1 may_VM be_VBI seen_VVN 
as_CSA being_VBG safe_JJ ,_, but_CCB hardly_RR successful_JJ if_CSW 
children_NN2 do_VD0 not_XX use_VVI it_PPH1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT inner_JJ city_NN1 park_NN1 may_VM be_VBI a_AT1 delightful_JJ 
contrast_NN1 to_II the_AT cityscape_NN1 and_CC an_AT1 asset_NN1 to_II the_AT 
city_NN1 aesthetically_RR ,_, but_CCB it_PPH1 is_VBZ a_AT1 dismal_JJ 
failure_NN1 if_CS people_NN are_VBR in_II fear_NN1 of_IO assault_NN1 if_CS 
they_PPHS2 enter_VV0 it_PPH1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL As_II the_AT police_NN2 are_VBR fighting_VVG a_AT1 
rear-guard_JJ action_NN1 so_CS are_VBR the_AT parks_NN2 departments_NNJ2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Putting_VVG in_II lighting_NN1 and_CC removing_VVG foliage_NN1 
after_II the_AT rape_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN committed_VVN ,_, provides_VVZ 
little_DA1 consolation_NN1 for_IF the_AT victim_NN1 and_CC little_JJ 
encouragement_NN1 for_IF the_AT public_JJ to_TO increase_VVI their_APPGE 
use_NN1 of_IO the_AT area_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT responsibility_NN1 for_IF park_NN1 safety_NN1 should_VM not_XX 
be_VBI with_IW the_AT park_NN1 user_NN1 and_CC ,_, as_CSA discussed_VVN ,_, 
is_VBZ not_XX with_IW the_AT police_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 remains_VVZ for_IF the_AT local_JJ authority_NN1 parks_VVZ 
departments_NNJ2 to_TO have_VHI a_AT1 closer_JJR look_NN1 at_II their_APPGE 
responsibility_NN1 to_TO provide_VVI safe_JJ ,_, accessible_JJ areas_NN2 
for_IF the_AT public_NN ._. 

^ *<_NULL *4_NULL An_AT1 alternative_JJ approach_NN1 to_II urban_JJ park_NN1 
safety_NN1 *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Urban_JJ park_NN1 crime_NN1 prevention_NN1 
theories_NN2 and_CC measures_NN2 discussed_VVN in_II previous_JJ chapters_NN2 
all_DB focus_VV0 on_II the_AT park_NN1 as_CSA one_MC1 whole_JJ location_NN1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL Jacobs_NP1 (_( 1962_MC )_) explores_VVZ the_AT neighbourhood_NN 
surrounding_VVG the_AT park_NN1 as_II an_AT1 indicator_NN1 of_IO what_DDQ 
will_VM happen_VVI within_II the_AT area_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT lack_NN1 of_IO visibility_NN1 into_II the_AT park_NN1 from_II 
the_AT outside_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT theme_NN1 of_IO Newman_NP1 's_GE (_( 1972_MC 
)_) discussion_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Both_DB2 studies_NN2 view_VV0 crime_NN1 in_II parks_NN2 
macrospatially_RR and_CC the_AT safety_NN1 measures_NN2 undertaken_VVN by_II 
parks_NN2 departments_NNJ2 also_RR tend_VV0 to_TO reflect_VVI this_DD1 
view_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL An_AT1 example_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT removal_NN1 of_IO most_DAT of_IO 
the_AT vegetation_NN1 in_II the_AT vicinity_NN1 of_IO children_NN2 's_GE 
play_NN1 equipment_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT rationale_NN1 has_VHZ been_VBN ,_, if_CS the_AT 
offender_NN1 fears_VVZ he_PPHS1 may_VM be_VBI seen_VVN then_RT he_PPHS1 
will_VM move_VVI on_RP to_II somewhere_RL else_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB as_CSA pointed_VVN out_RP the_AT fear_NN1 of_IO being_VBG 
seen_VVN does_VDZ not_XX necessarily_RR reduce_VVI the_AT likelihood_NN1 of_IO 
rape_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL An_AT1 alternative_JJ approach_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO look_VVI at_II 
what_DDQ makes_VVZ a_AT1 particular_JJ site_NN1 attractive_JJ to_II the_AT 
offender_NN1 ,_, retaining_VVG *"_" fear_NN1 of_IO being_VBG seen_VVN **"_" 
as_II a_AT1 variable_NN1 ,_, but_CCB not_XX as_II an_AT1 over_RG 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL -riding_JJ factor_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II this_DD1 way_NN1 the_AT microspatial_JJ characteristics_NN2 
which_DDQ make_VV0 a_AT1 location_NN1 a_AT1 likely_JJ rape_NN1 site_NN1 ,_, 
can_VM be_VBI identified_VVN and_CC applied_VVN to_TO park_VVI spaces_NN2 
in_BCL21 order_BCL22 to_TO reduce_VVI such_DA potential_JJ rape_NN1 sites_NN2 
._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Stoks_NP1 '_GE (_( 1982_MC )_) dissertation_NN1 *1_NULL A_AT1 
Methodology_NN1 for_IF Assessing_VVG Urban_JJ Public_JJ Places_NN2 for_IF 
Danger_NN1 of_IO Violent_JJ Crime_NN1 *-_- especially_RR rape_VV0 ,_, *0_NULL 
catalogues_VVZ the_AT survey_NN1 results_NN2 of_IO 65_MC urban_JJ public_JJ 
place_NN1 rape_NN1 sites_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT precise_JJ location_NN1 of_IO each_DD1 of_IO the_AT 65_MC 
sites_NN2 was_VBDZ re-established_VVN and_CC the_AT physical_JJ and_CC 
environmental_JJ variables_NN2 identifying_VVG the_AT site_NN1 were_VBDR 
recorded_VVN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT variables_NN2 included_VVD weather_NN1 conditions_NN2 
,_, characteristics_NN2 of_IO vegetation_NN1 types_NN2 ,_, heights_NN2 and_CC 
visual_JJ transparency_NN1 of_IO barriers_NN2 ,_, type_NN1 and_CC quality_NN1 
of_IO lighting_NN1 ,_, ambient_JJ noise_NN1 levels_NN2 ,_, distance_NN1 to_II 
nearest_JJT aural_JJ or_CC visual_JJ witness_NN1 ,_, estimate_NN1 of_IO 
potential_JJ witnesses_NN2 in_II the_AT vicinity_NN1 ,_, size_NN1 of_IO 
rape_NN1 site_NN1 area_NN1 ,_, social_JJ surveillance_NN1 characteristics_NN2 
and_CC others_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL From_II this_DD1 research_NN1 a_AT1 model_NN1 of_IO the_AT 
*"_" urban_JJ public_JJ place_NN1 site_NN1 of_IO completed_JJ rape_NN1 **"_" 
was_VBDZ developed_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT bulk_NN1 of_IO Stoks_NP1 '_GE work_NN1 concentrates_VVZ on_RP 
how_RRQ the_AT model_NN1 was_VBDZ developed_VVN and_CC it_PPH1 is_VBZ 
sufficient_JJ to_TO say_VVI that_CST when_CS the_AT model_NN1 was_VBDZ 
applied_VVN to_II five_MC test_NN1 areas_NN2 where_RRQ urban_JJ public_JJ 
place_NN1 rapes_NN2 had_VHD occurred_VVN ,_, its_APPGE predictive_JJ 
accuracy_NN1 was_VBDZ four_MC exact_JJ locations_NN2 out_II21 of_II22 five_MC 
._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT testing_NN1 of_IO the_AT model_NN1 was_VBDZ arranged_VVN 
and_CC validated_VVN by_II the_AT Seattle_NP1 Police_NN2 Department_NNJ ,_, 
28_MC June_NPM1 1982_MC ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 have_VH0 concerned_VVN myself_PPX1 with_IW the_AT 
results_NN2 of_IO Stoks_NP1 '_GE model_NN1 analysis_NN1 rather_II21 than_II22 
the_AT method_NN1 used_VMK to_TO construct_VVI the_AT model_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT offender_NN1 's_VBZ use_NN1 of_IO location_NN1 
predictors_NN2 was_VBDZ found_VVN in_II 93%_NNU of_IO the_AT 57_MC 
applicable_JJ cases_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Location_NN1 predictors_NN2 are_VBR locations_NN2 where_RRQ the_AT 
offender_NN1 can_VM reasonably_RR assume_VVI a_AT1 potential_JJ victim_NN1 
to_TO be_VBI found_VVN ,_, this_DD1 includes_VVZ bus_NN1 stops_VVZ ,_, 
footpaths_NN2 ,_, stairways_NN2 \_NULL etc_RA ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT offender_NN1 's_VBZ knowledge_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 
locations_NN2 allows_VVZ him_PPHO1 to_TO predict_VVI when_RRQ the_AT 
victim_NN1 will_VM be_VBI passing_VVG a_AT1 particular_JJ site_NN1 ,_, 
where_CS their_APPGE escape_NN1 routes_NN2 may_VM be_VBI and_CC from_II 
what_DDQ direction_NN1 other_JJ pedestrians_NN2 may_VM come_VVI ._. 

^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 185+TEXT+F42_FO **]_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL This_DD1 year_NNT1 has_VHZ seen_VVN the_AT 
emergence_NN1 of_IO these_DD2 largely_RR unremarkable_JJ people_NN ._. 

^ ^_NULL Who_PNQS are_VBR they_PPHS2 ,_, how_RRQ did_VDD they_PPHS2 get_VVI 
this_DD1 way_NN1 ,_, who_PNQS 's_VBZ encouraging_VVG them_PPHO2 ..._... and_CC 
why_RRQ ?_? 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *2_NULL IT_PPH1 IS_VBZ OPENING_JJ NIGHT_NNT1 *0_NULL and_CC 
the_AT lobby_NN1 of_IO the_AT Mercury_NP1 Theatre_NP1 is_VBZ teeming_JJ 
with_IW elegantly_RR dressed_JJ people_NN all_RR chattering_VVG loudly_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT play_NN1 they_PPHS2 are_VBR about_RPK to_TO see_VVI is_VBZ 
*1_NULL The_AT Winslow_NP1 Boy_NN1 *0_NULL which_DDQ is_VBZ Edwardian_JJ in_II 
style_NN1 and_CC many_DA2 of_IO the_AT first-nighters_NN2 have_VH0 taken_VVN 
the_AT era_NN1 to_II heart_NN1 when_CS considering_VVG their_APPGE 
wardrobe_NN1 for_IF the_AT event_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 should_VM be_VBI said_VVN that_CST not_XX many_DA2 
of_IO these_DD2 people_NN have_VH0 actually_RR paid_VVN for_IF their_APPGE 
seats_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ a_AT1 performance_NN1 aimed_VVN mainly_RR at_II 
critics_NN2 ,_, theatre_NN1 directors_NN2 and_CC friends_NN2 of_IO the_AT 
company_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL And_CC only_RR a_AT1 handful_NN1 of_IO tickets_NN2 have_VH0 been_VBN 
sold_VVN in_II advance_NN1 to_II the_AT public_NN ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT practice_NN1 is_VBZ called_VVN *"_" papering_VVG the_AT 
house_NN1 **"_" and_CC is_VBZ designed_VVN to_TO reassure_VVI doubters_NN2 
that_CST there_EX really_RR is_VBZ a_AT1 live_JJ audience_NN for_IF 
theatre_NN1 and_CC that_CST it_PPH1 can_VM laugh_VVI ,_, albeit_CS 
nervously_RR (_( *"_" ^_NULL Is_VBZ it_PPH1 a_AT1 comedy_NN1 ,_, \_NULL 
dahling_VVG ?_? **"_" 

^ )_) ._. ^_NULL The_AT practice_NN1 involves_VVZ sending_VVG out_RP 
dozens_NNO2 of_IO tickets_NN2 to_II regulars_NN2 who_PNQS can_VM be_VBI 
relied_VVN on_II21 to_II22 turn_NN1 up_RP as_CSA *1_NULL claqueurs_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL These_DD2 first-nighters_NN2 are_VBR hugely_RR 
important_JJ to_II the_AT success_NN1 of_IO the_AT play_NN1 *-_- their_APPGE 
reaction_NN1 and_CC opinion_NN1 will_VM spread_VVI like_II wildfire_NN1 
through_II the_AT tight_JJ social_JJ circles_NN2 they_PPHS2 frequent_VV0 ,_, 
for_CS they_PPHS2 are_VBR generally_RR people_NN of_IO distinction_NN1 :_: 
movers_NN2 and_CC shakers_NN2 ,_, the_AT colourful_JJ ,_, the_AT 
personalities_NN2 ,_, the_AT sophisticats_NN2 **[_NULL sic_RR **]_NULL ,_, 
the_AT connoisseurs_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT Dilettantes_NN2 of_IO Auckland_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Some_DD of_IO them_PPHO2 are_VBR even_RR celebrities_NN2 ._. 

^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL The_AT Mercury_NP1 
theatre_NN1 employs_VVZ two_MC people_NN to_TO make_VVI sure_JJ that_CST 
opening_JJ nights_NNT2 are_VBR a_AT1 success_NN1 and_CC to_TO ensure_VVI a_AT1 
constant_JJ high_JJ public_JJ profile_NN1 for_IF the_AT theatre_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Publicists_NN2 Maryanne_NP1 Gardiner_NP1 and_CC Richard_NP1 
Pamatatau-Davies_NP1 have_VH0 drawn_VVN up_RP a_AT1 guest_NN1 list_NN1 of_IO 
people_NN they_PPHS2 consider_VV0 to_TO be_VBI necessary_JJ for_IF the_AT 
opening_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Unfortunately_RR nothing_PN1 short_JJ of_IO Mercurygate_NP1 would_VM 
allow_VVI that_CST list_VV0 to_TO be_VBI published_VVN here_RL ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT two_MC publicists_NN2 are_VBR themselves_PPX2 strangely_RR 
shy_JJ of_IO publicity_NN1 in_CS21 case_CS22 they_PPHS2 are_VBR seen_VVN to_TO 
be_VBI *"_" exploiting_VVG **"_" their_APPGE guests_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT list_NN1 has_VHZ ,_, by_II necessity_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 
heavy_JJ media_NN slant_NN1 ,_, but_CCB also_RR includes_VVZ the_AT crew_NN1 
from_II the_AT ultra-modish_JJ hairdressing_NN1 salon_NN1 Chagall_NP1 ,_, 
politicians_NN2 Tizard_NP1 and_CC Shadbolt_NP1 ,_, dress_NN1 designer_NN1 
Colin_NP1 Cole_NP1 ,_, Auckland_NP1 Girls_NN2 '_GE Grammar_NN1 
headmistress_NN1 Charmaine_NP1 Pountney_NP1 ,_, boulevardier_JJR Hamish_NP1 
Keith_NP1 and_CC fellow-publicist_JJ Liz_NP1 Greenslade_NP1 among_II many_DA2 
others_NN2 whose_DDQGE scribbled_JJ names_NN2 I_PPIS1 could_VM n't_XX quite_RR 
read_VVI while_CS the_AT list_NN1 was_VBDZ waved_VVN in_II31 front_II32 
of_II33 my_APPGE nose_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" We_PPIS2 want_VV0 a_AT1 lobby_NN1 filled_VVN with_IW 
people_NN who_PNQS make_VV0 a_AT1 lot_NN of_IO noise_NN1 and_CC look_VV0 
wonderful_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 have_VH0 another_DD1 category_NN1 of_IO people_NN who_PNQS 
look_VV0 even_RR more_RGR extreme_JJ and_CC who_PNQS benefit_VV0 the_AT 
social_JJ image_NN1 of_IO the_AT Mercury_NP1 ,_, **"_" says_VVZ Maryanne_NP1 
,_, who_PNQS 's_VBZ no_AT slouch_NN1 herself_PPX1 when_CS it_PPH1 comes_VVZ 
to_II bizarre_JJ and_CC outlandish_JJ couture_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT Mercury_NP1 's_GE trick_NN1 is_VBZ to_TO give_VVI 
their_APPGE \_NULL celebutantes_NN2 a_AT1 thoroughly_RR good_JJ time_NNT1 ,_, 
instil_NN1 in_II them_PPHO2 a_AT1 little_JJ fervour_NN1 for_IF the_AT show_NN1 
and_CC send_VV0 them_PPHO2 out_RP to_TO spread_VVI the_AT message_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT practice_NN1 of_IO first-nighting_NN1 reached_VVD 
its_APPGE public_JJ apogee_NN1 earlier_RRR this_DD1 year_NNT1 at_II the_AT 
opening_NN1 of_IO Mercury_NP1 opera_NN1 's_VBZ *1_NULL La_NP Traviata_NP1 
*0_NULL when_RRQ *+_NULL $6000_NNU worth_NN1 of_IO Moet_NP1 and_CC *+_NULL 
$4000_NNU worth_NN1 of_IO catering_VVG from_II Food_NN1 Glorious_JJ Food_NN1 
arranged_VVN by_II the_AT sponsor_NN1 's_VBZ wife_NN1 ,_, Stephanie_NP1 
Myers_NP1 ,_, went_VVD down_RP and_CC was_VBDZ much-recorded_JJ by_II the_AT 
*1_NULL Star_NN1 *0_NULL and_CC the_AT *1_NULL Herald_NP1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Such_DA an_AT1 event_NN1 increases_VVZ the_AT 
Mercury_NP1 's_GE social_JJ credibility_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ ,_, says_VVZ 
Maryanne_NP1 ,_, while_CS it_PPH1 may_VM not_XX go_VVI along_II21 with_II22 
the_AT theatre_NN1 company_NN1 's_GE political_JJ consciousness_NN1 ,_, 
certainly_RR helps_NN2 pay_VVI their_APPGE wages_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL *"_" They_PPHS2 think_VV0 sometimes_RT that_CST I_PPIS1 'm_VBM a_AT1 
social_JJ whore_NN1 ,_, **"_" she_PPHS1 says_VVZ ._. 

^ ^_NULL *"_" And_CC sure_JJ ,_, I_PPIS1 could_VM be_VBI called_VVN a_AT1 
high-class_JJ whore_NN1 ,_, but_CCB I_PPIS1 believe_VV0 in_II the_AT 
theatre_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL You_PPY need_VV0 guts_NN2 to_TO go_VVI up_II21 to_II22 some_DD 
big-noter_JJ businessmen_NN2 and_CC ask_VV0 for_IF *+_NULL $20,000_NNU or_CC 
even_RR *+_NULL $60,000_NNU for_IF the_AT theatre_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL There_EX 's_VBZ plenty_PN in_II it_PPH1 for_IF them_PPHO2 ._. **"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL One_MC1 of_IO the_AT dividends_NN2 in_II putting_VVG up_RP 
big_JJ money_NN1 for_IF a_AT1 theatre_NN1 production_NN1 is_VBZ the_AT 
chance_NN1 to_TO appear_VVI in_II the_AT inky_JJ grey_JJ Occasions_NN2 
page_NN1 of_IO the_AT Thursday_NPD1 *1_NULL New_NP Zealand_NP1 Herald_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL *0_NULL Unlike_II the_AT people_NN pages_NN2 of_IO some_DD 
magazines_NN2 ,_, this_DD1 page_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX for_IF sale_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ ,_, I_PPIS1 would_VM however_RR ,_, 
suggest_VV0 ,_, the_AT not-so-paltry_JJ total_JJ sponsorship_NN1 sum_NN1 of_IO 
*+_NULL $30,000_NNU that_DD1 landed_JJ liquor_NN1 baron_NN1 Douglas_NP1 
Myers_NP1 and_CC since-estranged_JJ wife_NN1 Stephanie_NP1 (_( as_CSA the_AT 
*1_NULL Auckland_NP1 Star_NN1 *0_NULL so_RG eloquently_RR refers_VVZ to_II 
her_PPHO1 )_) on_II the_AT Occasions_NN2 page_VV0 when_RRQ *1_NULL La_NP 
Traviata_NP1 *0_NULL opened_VVD ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL Let_VV0 us_PPIO2 leave_VVI the_AT Mercury_NP1 and_CC 
its_APPGE gilded_JJ lobbies_NN2 full_JJ of_IO glossy_JJ people_NN for_IF a_AT1 
moment_NN1 and_CC consider_VV0 briefly_RR the_AT notion_NN1 of_IO 
celebrity_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL We_PPIS2 'll_VM return_VVI in_II time_NNT1 to_II Maryanne_NP1 
Gardiner_NP1 and_CC Richard_NP1 Pamatatau-Davies_NP1 ,_, for_IF both_DB2 
have_VH0 attained_VVN a_AT1 certain_JJ amount_NN1 of_IO fame_NN1 in_II 
their_APPGE own_DA right_NN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Although_CS I_PPIS1 suppose_VV0 that_CST one_PN1 could_VM 
be_VBI mistaken_VVN for_IF thinking_VVG so_RG far_RR that_CST this_DD1 is_VBZ 
no_AT more_DAR than_CSN an_AT1 extended_JJ *"_" readers_NN2 '_GE guide_NN1 
to_II The_AT Ferret_NN1 **"_" ,_, and_CC that_CST on_II one_MC1 level_NN1 
it_PPH1 may_VM seem_VVI to_TO be_VBI no_AT more_DAR than_CSN that_DD1 ,_, 
there_EX is_VBZ a_AT1 reasonably_RR serious_JJ reason_NN1 for_IF this_DD1 
story_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL This_DD1 year_NNT1 has_VHZ seen_VVN the_AT rise_NN1 of_IO 
so-called_JJ *"_" celebrities_NN2 **"_" to_II what_DDQ those_DD2 who_PNQS 
promote_VV0 them_PPHO2 imagine_VV0 is_VBZ popular_JJ acceptance_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Since_II last_MD summer_NNT1 when_RRQ pop_NN1 stars_NN2 Simon_NP1 
Le_NP Bon_NP1 and_CC Allanah_NP1 Currie_NP1 dominated_VVD the_AT normally_RR 
staid_JJ thinking_VVG at_II the_AT *1_NULL Auckland_NP1 Star_NN1 ,_, *0_NULL 
there_EX has_VHZ been_VBN an_AT1 unswerving_JJ disposition_NN1 in_II the_AT 
country_NN1 's_VBZ leading_JJ evening_NNT1 newspaper_NN1 to_TO cover_VVI 
the_AT activities_NN2 of_IO a_AT1 small_JJ group_NN of_IO *"_" media_NN 
stars_NN2 **"_" *-_- fashion_VV0 designers_NN2 ,_, models_NN2 ,_, beauty_NN1 
queens_NN2 ,_, hairdressers_NN2 and_CC nightclub_NN1 owners_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT *1_NULL Star_NN1 *0_NULL and_CC the_AT *1_NULL Tonight_RT 
*0_NULL show_VV0 have_VH0 woken_VVN up_II21 to_II22 what_DDQ former_DA *1_NULL 
Woman_NN1 's_GE Weekly_JJ *0_NULL editor_NN1 Jean_NP1 Wishart_NP1 knew_VVD 
all_DB along_II *-_- the_AT idea_NN1 that_CST people_NN crave_NN1 fame_NN1 ,_, 
and_CC have_VH0 innocently_RR ,_, or_CC perhaps_RR knowingly_RR ,_, 
elevated_VVD many_DA2 undeserving_JJ and_CC hitherto_RT unknown_JJ people_NN 
to_II that_DD1 position_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Lately_NP1 ,_, it_PPH1 seems_VVZ ,_, people_NN want_VV0 to_TO 
become_VVI known_VVN for_IF their_APPGE work_NN1 ;_; whether_CSW they_PPHS2 
are_VBR dancers_NN2 ,_, singers_NN2 ,_, hairdressers_NN2 or_CC 
stockbrokers_NN2 *-_- and_CC now_RT ,_, hairbrokers_NN2 or_CC 
stockdressers_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 kid_VV0 you_PPY not_XX *-_- there_EX is_VBZ a_AT1 
wee_JJ chap_NN1 in_II Shortland_NP Street_NNL1 who_PNQS calls_VVZ himself_PPX1 
a_AT1 *"_" hairbroker_NN1 **"_" ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Trevor_NP1 Potter_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 man_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 
Yasser_NP1 Arafat_NP1 beard_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 Rasputin_NP1 haircut_NN1 ,_, 
has_VHZ teamed_VVN up_RP with_IW Dennis_NP1 Blair_NP1 and_CC has_VHZ 
opened_VVN a_AT1 hair_NN1 salon/_FO art_NN1 gallery_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT general_JJ idea_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 seems_VVZ ,_, is_VBZ to_TO 
be_VBI in_II an_AT1 *"_" art_NN1 **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL -space_NN1 **"_" 
and_CC look_NN1 at_II pictures_NN2 while_CS having_VHG your_APPGE hair_NN1 
*"_" brokered_VVN **"_" ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Hmm_FU ..._... very_RG strange_JJ ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL And_CC very_RG pretentious_JJ ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL There_EX is_VBZ also_RR this_DD1 idea_NN1 of_IO seeking_VVG 
fame_NN1 for_IF its_APPGE own_DA sake_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL As_CSA *1_NULL Rolling_NP1 Stone_NP1 ,_, *0_NULL once_RR a_AT1 
music_NN1 magazine_NN1 and_CC now_RT a_AT1 vehicle_NN1 for_IF Hollywood_NP1 
publicists_NN2 ,_, has_VHZ explained_VVN ,_, **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL 
^_NULL Some_DD of_IO these_DD2 people_NN *-_- famous_JJ for_IF being_VBG 
famous_JJ *-_- will_VM shortly_RR come_VVI under_II my_APPGE inquisitorial_JJ 
eye_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB allow_VV0 me_PPIO1 first_MD to_TO use_VVI a_AT1 foreign_JJ 
example_NN1 to_TO explain_VVI the_AT notion_NN1 of_IO pure_JJ celebrity_NN1 
._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Singer_NP1 and_CC actress_NN1 Cher_NP1 is_VBZ unique_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 has_VHZ remained_VVN a_AT1 world-class_JJ celebrity_NN1 
for_IF 20_MC years_NNT2 since_CS her_APPGE hit_NN1 song_NN1 *1_NULL I_PPIS1 
Got_VVD You_PPY Babe_NN1 *0_NULL and_CC the_AT *1_NULL Sonny_NP1 and_CC 
Cher_NP1 Comedy_NN1 Hour_NNT1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL *0_NULL Cher_NP1 has_VHZ achieved_VVN lasting_JJ celebrity_NN1 
without_IW the_AT advantage_NN1 of_IO any_DD commensurate_JJ talent_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 was_VBDZ never_RR a_AT1 classic_JJ beauty_NN1 or_CC a_AT1 
great_JJ singer_NN1 or_CC actress_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 was_VBDZ simply_RR famous_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL She_PPHS1 was_VBDZ quoted_VVN in_II *1_NULL Vanity_NP1 Fair_RR 
*0_NULL earlier_RRR this_DD1 year_NNT1 as_CSA being_VBG puzzled_VVN by_II 
her_APPGE enduring_JJ popularity_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL *"_" I_PPIS1 think_VV0 people_NN like_II me_PPIO1 ,_, but_CCB I_PPIS1 
'm_VBM not_XX exactly_RR sure_JJ why_RRQ ._. 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 think_VV0 there_RL are_VBR just_JJ people_NN that_CST you_PPY 
like_VV0 ._. **"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Fame_NN1 for_IF fame_NN1 's_VBZ sake_NN1 is_VBZ not_XX 
necessarily_RR a_AT1 dangerous_JJ thing_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL There_EX are_VBR many_DA2 who_PNQS deserve_VV0 fame_NN1 ,_, not_XX 
because_II21 of_II22 any_DD particular_JJ achievements_NN2 but_CCB 
because_II21 of_II22 the_AT strength_NN1 of_IO their_APPGE personality_NN1 ,_, 
their_APPGE energy_NN1 ,_, their_APPGE drive_NN1 and_CC ,_, moreover_RR ,_, 
their_APPGE humanity_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Sir_NNB Edmund_NP1 Hillary_NP1 who_PNQS recently_RR had_VHN his_APPGE 
life_NN1 squeezed_VVN into_II 60_MC minutes_NNT2 of_IO *1_NULL This_DD1 Is_VBZ 
Your_APPGE Life_NN1 *0_NULL is_VBZ such_DA a_AT1 person_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Sir_NNB Edmund_NP1 had_VHD to_TO be_VBI tricked_VVN into_II 
appearing_VVG on_II the_AT show_NN1 ,_, unlike_II a_AT1 growing_JJ number_NN1 
of_IO others_NN2 in_II this_DD1 town_NN1 who_PNQS actively_RR seek_VV0 
publicity_NN1 ,_, and_CC who_PNQS thrive_VV0 on_II it_PPH1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 has_VHZ become_VVN central_JJ to_II their_APPGE lives_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Indeed_RR their_APPGE very_JJ livelihood_NN1 has_VHZ become_VVN 
dependent_JJ upon_II their_APPGE fame_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL Take_VV0 David_NP1 Hartnell_NP1 (_( \_NULL pleeze_NN1 
,_, someone_PN1 )_) ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 man_NN1 ,_, with_IW his_APPGE carefully_RR and_CC 
cleverly_RR crafted_JJ photographs_NN2 of_IO cardboard_NN1 cutout_NN1 
Hollywood_NP1 stars_NN2 ,_, has_VHZ set_VVN himself_PPX1 up_RP as_II the_AT 
arbiter_NN1 of_IO taste_NN1 when_CS it_PPH1 comes_VVZ to_II what_DDQ people_NN 
wear_VV0 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL How_RRQ on_II earth_NN1 did_VDD he_PPHS1 ever_RR get_VVI to_TO 
be_VBI in_II that_DD1 position_NN1 ?_? 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 has_VHZ mined_VVN his_APPGE limited_JJ celebrity_NN1 for_IF 
all_DB it_PPH1 was_VBDZ once_RT worth_NN1 and_CC swept_VVD it_PPH1 along_RP 
before_II him_PPHO1 ,_, giving_VVG it_PPH1 the_AT odd_JJ resuscitative_JJ 
action_NN1 every_AT1 now_RT and_CC then_RT for_IF more_DAR years_NNT2 than_CSN 
most_DAT people_NN care_VV0 to_TO remember_VVI ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Driving_VVG a_AT1 black_JJ Honda_NP1 Silly_JJ with_IW black_JJ 
tinted_JJ windows_NN2 says_VVZ as_RG much_DA1 about_II Hartnell_NP1 as_CSA 
anything_PN1 else_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL Black_JJ windows_NN2 allude_VV0 more_DAR to_II a_ZZ1 wish_VV0 to_TO 
be_VBI seen_VVN than_CSN to_II any_DD desire_NN1 for_IF privacy_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Hartnell_NP1 is_VBZ n't_XX the_AT only_JJ example_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB why_RRQ should_VM anyone_PN1 seek_VVI fame_NN1 of_IO that_DD1 
sort_NN1 ?_? 

^ ^_NULL Possibly_RR it_PPH1 's_VBZ all_DB wrapped_VVD up_RP with_IW the_AT 
idea_NN1 of_IO the_AT Me_PPIO1 Generation_NN1 ,_, as_CSA Tom_NP1 Wolfe_NP1 
coined_VVD it_PPH1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL There_EX are_VBR few_DA2 challenges_NN2 left_VVN in_II this_DD1 
urban_JJ world_NN1 ;_; achievement_NN1 has_VHZ now_RT become_VV0 a_AT1 
measure_NN1 of_IO self-worth_NN1 and_CC gain_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Have_VH0 fame_NN1 and_CC you_PPY shall_VM triumph_VVI ._. 

^ ^_NULL *"_" The_AT famous_JJ keep_NN1 alive_JJ the_AT romance_NN1 of_IO 
individualism_NN1 ,_, **"_" wrote_VVD American_JJ John_NP1 Lahr_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL *"_" For_IF fame_NN1 is_VBZ democracy_NN1 's_GE vindicative_JJ 
triumph_NN1 over_II equality_NN1 :_: the_AT name_NN1 illuminated_VVD ,_, 
the_AT name_NN1 rewarded_VVD ,_, the_AT name_NN1 tyrannical_JJ ._. **"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Well_RR ,_, I_PPIS1 have_VH0 n't_XX seen_VVN a_AT1 lot_NN 
of_IO tyranny_NN1 around_RP lately_RR ,_, but_CCB the_AT man_NN1 has_VHZ a_AT1 
point_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL With_IW video_JJ technology_NN1 ,_, fashion_NN1 magazines_NN2 
eager_JJ to_TO find_VVI stars_NN2 ,_, and_CC the_AT *1_NULL Auckland_NP1 
Star_NN1 *0_NULL visibly_RR aching_VVG each_DD1 night_NNT1 to_TO make_VVI 
friends_NN2 ,_, it_PPH1 's_VBZ much_RR easier_JJR ,_, or_CC so_CS it_PPH1 
seems_VVZ ,_, to_TO achieve_VVI fame_NN1 these_DD2 days_NNT2 ,_, however_RGQV 
short-lived_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL And_CC fame_NN1 ,_, however_RGQV spurious_JJ ,_, after_II all_DB 
is_VBZ preferable_JJ to_II the_AT dull_JJ lives_NN2 of_IO the_AT masses_NN2 
which_DDQ the_AT *1_NULL Star_NN1 *0_NULL in_II more_RGR serious_JJ days_NNT2 
used_VVN to_TO regularly_RR concern_VVI itself_PPX1 with_IW ._. 

^ ^_NULL Remember_VV0 Arthur_NP1 Allan_NP1 Thomas_NP1 ?_? 

^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL Everybody_PN1 has_VHZ 
been_VBN talking_VVG about_II achievers_NN2 and_CC yuppies_VVZ lately_RR ,_, 
and_CC quite_RG frankly_RR it_PPH1 has_VHZ become_VVN boring_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL In_CS21 case_CS22 you_PPY did_VDD n't_XX know_VVI ,_, and_CC I_PPIS1 
do_VD0 n't_XX wish_VVI to_TO preach_VVI ,_, achievers_NN2 are_VBR those_DD2 
who_PNQS play_VV0 tennis_NN1 ,_, invest_VV0 on_II the_AT stock_NN1 
exchange_NN1 ,_, drink_NN1 wine_NN1 coolers_NN2 before_II dinner_NN1 and_CC 
have_VH0 a_AT1 wallet_NN1 full_JJ of_IO credit_NN1 cards_NN2 ,_, mostly_RR 
gold_NN1 in_II colour_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Here_RL is_VBZ a_AT1 typical_JJ achiever_VV0 pair_NN :_: 
Steve_NP1 is_VBZ blunt_JJ ,_, athletic_JJ and_CC hearty_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Anne-Marie_NP1 drinks_VVZ cool_JJ white_JJ wine_NN1 and_CC talks_VVZ 
quietly_RR yet_RR authoritatively_RR about_II her_APPGE theory_NN1 of_IO 
interior_JJ design_NN1 *-_- the_AT effort_NN1 she_PPHS1 makes_VVZ to_TO 
balance_VVI formality_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 personal_JJ touch_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Steve_NP1 drives_VVZ a_AT1 {_NULL BMW_NP }_NULL 325_MC ,_, 
Anne-Marie_NP1 a_ZZ1 Fiat_NP Uno_NP1 70S_MC2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 live_VV0 in_II Herne_NP Bay_NNL1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL I_PPIS1 'm_VBM afraid_JJ to_TO report_VVI ,_, Steve_NP1 and_CC 
Anne-Marie_NP1 ,_, that_CST there_EX is_VBZ a_AT1 hint_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 
backlash_NN1 against_II you_PPY two_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL People_NN on_II the_AT *"_" leading_JJ edge_NN1 **"_" are_VBR 
starting_VVG to_TO say_VVI ,_, *"_" ^_NULL Enough_DD of_IO all_DB this_DD1 
yuppies_VVZ and_CC achievement_NN1 and_CC short_JJ hair_NN1 and_CC 
pin-stripe_JJ suits_NN2 stuff_VV0 ._. 

^ ^_NULL I_PPIS1 want_VV0 to_TO do_VDI something_PN1 outrageous_JJ because_CS 
I_PPIS1 feel_VV0 so_RR stifled_VVD by_II this_DD1 conservative_JJ climate_NN1 
._. **"_" 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Hollywood_NP1 ,_, that_DD1 keen_JJ observer_NN1 of_IO 
social_JJ trends_NN2 ,_, has_VHZ n't_XX missed_VVN this_DD1 point_NN1 
either_RR and_CC has_VHZ already_RR produced_VVN one_MC1 film_NN1 ,_, due_JJ 
here_RL next_MD year_NNT1 ,_, titled_VVD *1_NULL Something_PN1 Wild_JJ *0_NULL 
that_CST concerns_VVZ a_AT1 banker_NN1 type_NN1 character_NN1 and_CC a_AT1 
bohemian_JJ rebel_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT tide_NN1 has_VHZ turned_VVN ,_, finally_RR ,_, thankfully_RR 
._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *4_NULL Okay_RR ,_, so_CS we_PPIS2 've_VH0 established_VVN 
that_CST everyone_PN1 is_VBZ interested_JJ in_II fame_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Or_CC nearly_RR everyone_PN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Surveys_NN2 prove_VV0 it_PPH1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL And_CC if_CSW they_PPHS2 ca_VM n't_XX be_VBI famous_JJ 
themselves_PPX2 ,_, they_PPHS2 want_VV0 ,_, at_RR21 least_RR22 ,_, to_TO 
be_VBI *"_" achievers_NN2 and_CC emulators_NN2 **"_" ._. 

^ ^_NULL Emulators_NN2 want_VV0 the_AT achiever_VV0 life_NN1 but_CCB 
they_PPHS2 have_VH0 n't_XX quite_RG cracked_VVN the_AT code_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL So_RR how_RRQ do_VD0 you_PPY achieve_VVI this_DD1 fame_NN1 ?_? 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL First_MD of_IO all_DB ,_, get_VV0 out_II21 of_II22 the_AT 
sharemarket_NN1 and_CC the_AT lawyer_NN1 's_VBZ office_NN1 and_CC become_VV0 
a_AT1 model_NN1 or_CC a_AT1 hairdresser_NN1 ,_, because_CS they_PPHS2 're_VBR 
the_AT occupations_NN2 that_CST those_DD2 who_PNQS make_VV0 the_AT big_JJ 
fame_NN1 decisions_NN2 are_VBR most_RGT interested_JJ in_II *-_- the_AT 
arbiters_NN2 of_IO fashion_NN1 and_CC style_NN1 at_II the_AT *1_NULL 
Auckland_NP1 Star_NN1 ,_, ChaCha_NP1 ,_, Woman_NN1 's_VBZ Weekly_RR ,_, 
Fashion_NN1 Quarterly_NN1 ,_, More_RRR *0_NULL and_CC the_AT *1_NULL 
Tonight_RT *0_NULL show_VV0 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT *1_NULL Sunday_NP1 News_NP1 *0_NULL used_VMK to_TO 
be_VBI the_AT main_JJ proponent_NN1 of_IO the_AT idea_NN1 of_IO celebrity_NN1 
in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ in_II that_DD1 tabloid_JJ beloved_NN1 of_IO life_NN1 
's_VHZ losers_NN2 that_CST we_PPIS2 first_MD read_VVD about_II Graeme_NP1 
Thorne_NP1 's_GE perm_NN1 and_CC much_RR other_JJ such_DA trivia_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ as_CS21 if_CS22 successive_JJ editors_NN2 had_VHD 
a_AT1 list_NN1 of_IO so-called_JJ personalities_NN2 from_II which_DDQ 
they_PPHS2 never_RR really_RR deviated_VVD ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 is_VBZ probably_RR still_RR pasted_VVN up_RP in_II the_AT 
news_NN1 **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL -room_NN1 ,_, slowly_RR yellowing_VVG 
under_II the_AT harsh_JJ fluorescent_JJ lights_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL My_APPGE guess_NN1 is_VBZ that_CST it_PPH1 includes_VVZ the_AT old_JJ 
names_NN2 Ray_NP1 ,_, Bob_NP1 ,_, Max_NP1 ,_, Marilyn_NP1 ,_, the_AT other_JJ 
Ray_NP1 and_CC Howard_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL You_PPY should_VM know_VVI the_AT surnames_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 've_VH0 been_VBN around_RP for_IF years_NNT2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL New_JJ lists_NN2 are_VBR being_VBG used_VVN now_RT by_II 
the_AT glossies_NN2 and_CC inkies_NN2 ,_, making_VVG the_AT *1_NULL Sunday_NP1 
News_NP1 's_GE *0_NULL look_NN1 very_JJ passe_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Now_RT some_DD business_NN1 people_NN have_VH0 managed_VVN to_TO 
pick_VVI up_RP the_AT *"_" famous_JJ **"_" tag_NN1 and_CC appear_VV0 on_II 
the_AT covers_NN2 of_IO the_AT new_JJ investment_NN1 magazines_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB business_NN1 people_NN are_VBR ,_, in_II reality_NN1 ,_, 
terribly_RR boring_JJ people_NN ._. 

^ ^_NULL What_DDQ have_VH0 Ron_NP1 Brierley_NP1 ,_, Michael_NP1 Fay_NP1 or_CC 
Douglas_NP1 Myers_NP1 got_VVD that_DD1 should_VM make_VVI them_PPHO2 so_RG 
interesting_JJ ?_? 

^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 186+TEXT+F43_FO **]_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL In_II forty-eight_MC days_NNT2 away_RL ,_, the_AT 
orchestra_NNJ had_VHD performed_VVN a_AT1 total_NN1 of_IO twenty-three_MC 
concerts_NN2 *-_- a_AT1 major_JJ milestone_NN1 in_II the_AT history_NN1 of_IO 
the_AT {_NULL NYO_NN1 }_NULL and_CC its_APPGE parent_NN1 body_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Many_DA2 of_IO the_AT players_NN2 have_VH0 since_RR gone_VVN on_II21 
to_II22 musical_JJ careers_NN2 as_CSA solo_JJ artists_NN2 ,_, several_DA2 
are_VBR in_II overseas_JJ orchestras_NNJ2 ,_, and_CC six_MC are_VBR 
currently_RR {_NULL NZSO_NN1 }_NULL members_NN2 :_: Glenda_NP1 Craven_NP1 ,_, 
Dean_NP1 Major_NP1 ,_, Philip_NP1 Jane_NP1 (_( violins_NN2 )_) ,_, Peter_NP1 
Barber_NP1 ,_, Michael_NP1 Cuncannon_NP1 (_( violas_NN2 )_) and_CC Ken_NP1 
Young_NP1 (_( tuba_NN1 )_) ,_, who_PNQS summed_VVD up_RP the_AT experience_NN1 
:_: *"_" it_PPH1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 marvellous_JJ trip_NN1 ,_, probably_RR the_AT 
best_JJT months_NNT2 of_IO my_APPGE life_NN1 **"_" ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT tour_NN1 was_VBDZ without_IW doubt_NN1 the_AT 
musical_JJ event_NN1 of_IO the_AT year_NNT1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB 1975_MC was_VBDZ important_JJ also_RR for_IF a_AT1 
two-month_JJ return_NN1 visit_NN1 by_II the_AT popular_JJ Israeli_JJ 
conductor_NN1 Uri_NP1 Segal_NP1 ,_, and_CC the_AT recording_NN1 of_IO 
Mahler_NP1 's_GE *1_NULL Fourth_MD Symphony_NN1 *0_NULL by_II {_NULL EMI_NP1 
}_NULL ,_, released_VVD in_II 1976_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT first_MD visits_NN2 by_II two_MC other_JJ conductors_NN2 
destined_VVD to_TO play_VVI a_AT1 significant_JJ part_NN1 in_II the_AT 
orchestra_NNJ 's_VHZ changed_VVN circumstances_NN2 also_RR took_VVD place_NN1 
._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL A_AT1 Russian_JJ conductor_NN1 had_VHD pulled_VVN out_RP 
unexpectedly_RR ._. 

^ ^_NULL By_II some_DD quick_JJ negotiations_NN2 over_II Christmas_NNT1 ,_, 
disaster_NN1 was_VBDZ averted_VVN ,_, and_CC he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ replaced_VVN 
by_II the_AT brilliant_JJ young_JJ Japanese_JJ conductor_NN1 Michi_NP1 
Inoue_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS had_VHD been_VBN *"_" showing_VVG up_RP strongly_RR 
**"_" in_II the_AT circuits_NN2 for_IF the_AT past_JJ eighteen_MC months_NNT2 
._. 

^ ^_NULL If_CS anyone_PN1 had_VHD a_AT1 preconceived_JJ idea_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 
Japanese_JJ conductor_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 would_VM not_XX have_VHI been_VBN 
Michi_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Tall_JJ and_CC lithe_JJ ,_, with_IW fluid_JJ movements_NN2 
attesting_VVG the_AT ballet_NN1 career_NN1 he_PPHS1 had_VHD once_RR 
considered_VVN ,_, his_APPGE ample_JJ talent_NN1 was_VBDZ readily_RR 
discernible_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Orchestral_NP1 playing_VVG reached_VVN a_AT1 peak_NN1 under_II 
his_APPGE direction_NN1 in_II the_AT Haydn_NP1 *1_NULL Symphony_NN1 \_NULL 
No._NN1 96_MC *0_NULL and_CC *1_NULL Schelomo_NN1 *0_NULL by_II Ernest_NP1 
Bloch_NP1 ,_, with_IW Wilfred_NP1 Simenauer_NP1 as_II cello_NN1 soloist_NN1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 conductor_NN1 to_TO be_VBI watched_VVN 
with_IW interest_NN1 ,_, it_PPH1 was_VBDZ thought_VVN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT other_JJ conductor_NN1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 complete_JJ 
contrast_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL English_JJ ,_, affable_JJ Ron_NP1 Goodwin_NP1 ,_, known_VVN for_IF 
his_APPGE compositions_NN2 ,_, arrangements_NN2 ,_, film_NN1 music_NN1 and_CC 
many_DA2 light-music_JJ recordings_NN2 ,_, was_VBDZ another_DD1 immediate_JJ 
success_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ the_AT first_MD time_NNT1 a_AT1 series_NN of_IO 
such_DA light_JJ programmes_NN2 had_VHD been_VBN toured_JJ midyear_NNT1 *-_- 
in_II April_NPM1 *-_- and_CC the_AT first_MD of_IO this_DD1 type_NN1 of_IO 
presentation_NN1 :_: a_AT1 *"_" Ron_NP1 Goodwin_NP1 Show_NN1 **"_" ._. 

^ ^_NULL His_APPGE rapport_NN1 was_VBDZ immediate_JJ with_IW both_DB2 
audience_NN and_CC orchestra_NNJ ,_, who_PNQS appreciated_VVD his_APPGE 
musicianship_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ another_DD1 one_PN1 to_TO watch_VVI out_RP for_IF 
,_, certain_JJ of_IO an_AT1 invitation_NN1 back_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II31 return_II32 for_II33 the_AT National_JJ Youth_NN 
Orchestra_NNJ 's_GE tour_NN1 of_IO China_NP1 ,_, an_AT1 exchange_NN1 visit_NN1 
was_VBDZ made_VVN in_II November_NPM1 by_II the_AT Shanghai_NP1 
Philharmonic_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 would_VM not_XX be_VBI true_JJ to_TO say_VVI that_CST the_AT 
public_NN 's_GE imagination_NN1 was_VBDZ entirely_RR captured_VVN by_II the_AT 
visitors_NN2 '_GE performances_NN2 in_II Hamilton_NP1 ,_, Auckland_NP1 ,_, 
Christchurch_NP1 and_CC Wellington_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Formed_VVN in_II 1954_MC ,_, the_AT orchestra_NNJ was_VBDZ one_MC1 
of_IO China_NP1 's_GE major_JJ performing_NN1 groups_NN2 and_CC included_VVD 
vocal_JJ and_CC instrumental_JJ soloists_NN2 ,_, a_ZZ1 play-and-sing_VV0 
team_NN ,_, and_CC composing_VVG groups_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL At_II home_RL its_APPGE performances_NN2 are_VBR given_VVN not_XX 
only_RR in_II theatres_NN2 but_CCB often_RR in_II factories_NN2 ,_, mines_NN2 
,_, the_AT countryside_NN1 ,_, and_CC units_NN2 of_IO the_AT People_NN 's_GE 
Liberation_NN1 Army_NNJ *-_- *"_" to_TO experience_VVI the_AT life_NN1 of_IO 
the_AT workers_NN2 ,_, peasants_NN2 ,_, soldiers_NN2 and_CC perform_VV0 for_IF 
them_PPHO2 **"_" ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT programme_NN1 ,_, rather_RG long_RR by_II our_APPGE 
standards_NN2 ,_, included_VVD the_AT revolutionary_JJ symphony_NN1 *1_NULL 
Taking_VVG Tiger_NP Mountain_NNL1 by_II Storm_NN1 ,_, *0_NULL eight_MC 
selections_NN2 of_IO arias_NN2 ,_, and_CC a_AT1 piano_NN1 concerto_NN1 in_II 
four_MC movements_NN2 ,_, *1_NULL The_AT Yellow_NP River_NNL1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT orchestra_NNJ had_VHD brought_VVN with_IW 
them_PPHO2 a_AT1 large_JJ selection_NN1 of_IO traditional_JJ Chinese_JJ 
instruments_NN2 ,_, and_CC ,_, as_II a_AT1 gesture_NN1 to_II their_APPGE 
host_NN1 country_NN1 ,_, Douglas_NP1 Lilburn_NP1 's_GE *1_NULL Festival_NN1 
Overture_NN1 *0_NULL was_VBDZ played_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL Compositions_NN2 were_VBDR never_RR by_II individuals_NN2 but_CCB 
by_II collectives_NN2 :_: the_AT Song_NN1 and_CC Dance_NN1 Ensemble_NN1 of_IO 
Chekiang_NP Province_NNL1 ,_, the_AT Shanghai_NP1 Philharmonic_JJ Society_NNJ 
,_, and_RR31 so_RR32 on_RR33 *-_- implementing_VVG a_AT1 policy_NN1 of_IO *"_" 
making_VVG the_AT past_NN1 serve_VVI the_AT present_NN1 and_CC foreign_JJ 
things_NN2 serve_VV0 China_NP1 **"_" ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Soloists_NN2 that_DD1 year_NNT1 included_VVD two_MC highly_RR 
individual_JJ pianists_NN2 :_: Andre_NP1 *?_NULL 2_MC Tchaikowsky_NP1 and_CC 
Roger_NP1 Woodward_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT latter_DA gave_VVD an_AT1 unusual_JJ recital_NN1 of_IO 
twentieth-century_JJ music_NN1 ,_, and_CC although_CS only_RR 250_MC 
attended_VVD it_PPH1 was_VBDZ judged_VVN an_AT1 event_NN1 of_IO outstanding_JJ 
interest_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT most_RGT unusual_JJ props_NN2 were_VBDR called_VVN for_IF 
in_II the_AT opening_NN1 work_NN1 ,_, Alison_NP1 Bauld_NP1 's_GE *1_NULL 
Concert_NN1 :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL The_AT *1_NULL Adam_NP1 
Report_NN1 *0_NULL had_VHD recommended_VVN that_CST the_AT orchestra_NNJ 
remain_VV0 part_NN1 of_IO the_AT Broadcasting_NN1 Council_NNJ ,_, 
administered_VVN by_II Radio_NN1 New_NP Zealand_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Pat_NP1 Downey_NP1 ,_, chairman_NN1 of_IO Radio_NN1 New_NP 
Zealand_NP1 ,_, believing_VVG in_II the_AT *"_" very_RG intimate_JJ 
relationship_NN1 with_IW Broadcasting_NN1 and_CC particularly_RR radio_NN1 ,_, 
**"_" had_VHD fought_VVN for_IF the_AT orchestra_NNJ to_TO come_VVI under_II 
his_APPGE organisation_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL On_II 11_MC April_NPM1 1975_MC council_NNJ powers_NN2 were_VBDR 
delegated_VVN accordingly_RR :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL 
Everything_PN1 *-_- lock_NN1 ,_, stock_NN1 and_CC barrel_NN1 *-_- became_VVD 
the_AT responsibility_NN1 of_IO Radio_NN1 New_NP Zealand_NP1 ._. 

^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT relationship_NN1 between_II 
the_AT orchestra_NNJ and_CC radio_NN1 had_VHD always_RR been_VBN close_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Now_RT ,_, all_DB orchestral_JJ functions_NN2 were_VBDR 
controlled_VVN by_II Radio_NN1 New_NP Zealand_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Financial_JJ matters_NN2 handled_VVD for_IF the_AT past_JJ 
twenty-nine_MC years_NNT2 by_II head_NN1 office_NN1 accounts_NN2 passed_VVN 
to_II {_NULL RNZ_NP }_NULL '_" s_ZZ1 Finance_NN1 Department_NNJ *-_- 
inundating_VVG it_PPH1 with_IW a_AT1 whole_JJ new_JJ set_NN1 of_IO 
problems_NN2 ,_, including_II orchestral_JJ travel_NN1 claims_NN2 and_CC 
pay_NN1 for_IF 100_MC extra_JJ members_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL By_II midyear_NNT1 major_JJ changes_NN2 had_VHD taken_VVN 
place_NN1 in_II Concert_NN1 Section_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT value_NN1 of_IO publicity_NN1 was_VBDZ recognised_VVN in_II 
the_AT creation_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 new_JJ position_NN1 *-_- publicity_NN1 
director_NN1 *-_- filled_VVN by_II former_DA radio_NN1 announcer_NN1 Keith_NP1 
Hambleton_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Personnel_NNJ functions_NN2 for_IF the_AT orchestra_NNJ would_VM 
for_IF the_AT first_MD time_NNT1 be_VBI handled_VVN within_II the_AT 
section_NN1 by_II Joy_NP1 Tonks_NP1 from_II the_AT Broadcasting_NN1 
Council_NNJ 's_GE Personnel_NNJ Division_NNJ ,_, who_PNQS also_RR had_VHN 
the_AT responsibility_NN1 of_IO organising_VVG the_AT as-yet-unformed_JJ 
{_NULL NZSO_NN1 }_NULL Supporters_NN2 Club_NNJ ._. 

^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL A_AT1 third_MD more_RRR 
important_JJ position_NN1 was_VBDZ yet_RR to_TO be_VBI filled_VVN *-_- 
that_DD1 of_IO professional_JJ manager_NN1 *-_- as_CSA stipulated_VVN in_II 
the_AT *1_NULL Adam_NP1 Report_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL *0_NULL Filling_VVG such_DA a_AT1 position_NN1 was_VBDZ not_XX 
quite_RG as_RG easy_JJ as_CSA it_PPH1 sounded_VVD ._. 

^ ^_NULL Discussions_NP1 began_VVD in_II May_NPM1 1975_MC ,_, when_CS the_AT 
board_NN1 asked_VVN for_IF a_AT1 suitable_JJ specification_NN1 to_TO be_VBI 
drawn_VVN ,_, later_RRR approving_VVG the_AT advertisement_NN1 for_IF 
either_RR an_AT1 artistic_JJ director_NN1 or_CC a_AT1 general_JJ manager_NN1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB internally_RR there_EX was_VBDZ argument_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL What_DDQ would_VM such_DA a_AT1 highly_RR paid_JJ executive_NN do_VD0 
?_? 

^ ^_NULL There_EX was_VBDZ already_RR a_AT1 concert_NN1 manager_NN1 ,_, and_CC 
in_II the_AT present_JJ climate_NN1 of_IO staff_NN reductions_NN2 and_CC 
economic_JJ difficulties_NN2 ..._... ?_? 

^ ^_NULL Finally_RR ,_, and_CC in_II31 spite_II32 of_II33 several_DA2 
arguments_NN2 against_II the_AT proposed_JJ contract_NN1 position_NN1 ,_, 
advertisements_NN2 were_VBDR placed_VVN internationally_RR in_II December_NPM1 
with_IW a_AT1 deadline_NN1 of_IO March_NPM1 1976_MC ._. 

^ *<_NULL *6_NULL 12_MC *>_NULL 

^ *<_NULL A_AT1 NEW_JJ DIRECTION_NN1 *>_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *"_" HERE_RL *0_NULL we_PPIS2 go_VV0 again_RT ,_, **"_" 
thought_VVD broadcasters_NN2 when_RRQ ,_, with_IW a_AT1 pre-election_JJ 
promise_NN1 to_TO *"_" put_VVI Broadcasting_VVG back_RP together_RL again_RT 
**"_" ,_, the_AT National_JJ Government_NNJ was_VBDZ ,_, in_II 1975_MC ,_, 
returned_VVN to_II office_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Barely_NP1 had_VHD finishing_JJ touches_NN2 been_VBN put_VVN to_II 
the_AT three_MC new_JJ broadcasting_NN1 corporations_NNJ2 ,_, when_CS it_PPH1 
was_VBDZ announced_VVN that_CST they_PPHS2 would_VM soon_RR all_RR revert_VVI 
to_II a_AT1 single_JJ organisation_NN1 ,_, under_RG one_MC1 chairman_NN1 ,_, 
and_CC one_MC1 board_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL And_CC where_RRQ would_VM the_AT orchestra_NNJ fit_VVI in_II this_DD1 
time_NNT1 ?_? 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Unsettling_NP1 and_CC counterproductive_JJ as_CSA such_DA 
constant_JJ political_JJ changes_NN2 might_VM be_VBI ,_, the_AT show_NN1 
must_VM go_VVI on_RP ._. 

^ ^_NULL And_CC ,_, artistically_RR ,_, 1976_MC was_VBDZ a_AT1 special_JJ 
year_NNT1 for_IF the_AT orchestra_NNJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 began_VVD in_II an_AT1 unusual_JJ way_NN1 ,_, not_XX with_IW 
Proms_NP1 but_CCB with_IW six_MC *"_" Goodwin_NP1 Pops_VVZ **"_" ,_, 
reaffirming_VVG the_AT popularity_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 most_RGT relaxed_JJ 
musical_JJ host_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL After_CS these_DD2 came_VVD the_AT Proms_NP1 proper_JJ *-_- twelve_MC 
concerts_NN2 *-_- a_AT1 mixture_NN1 of_IO lighter_JJR classics_NN2 ,_, 
ballet_NN1 and_CC Broadway-show_JJ music_NN1 ,_, with_IW another_DD1 
favoured_JJ conductor_NN1 ,_, Andre_NP1 Kostelanetz_NP1 ,_, and_CC 
violinist_NN1 Alfredo_NP1 Campoli_NP1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II March_NN1 there_EX was_VBDZ the_AT first_MD of_IO 
many_DA2 visits_NN2 by_II distinguished_JJ British_JJ conductor_NN1 Sir_NNB 
Charles_NP1 Groves_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS gave_VVD two_MC memorable_JJ 
performances_NN2 of_IO *1_NULL Belshazzar_NP1 's_GE Feast_NN1 *0_NULL and_CC 
the_AT first_MD New_NP Zealand_NP1 performance_NN1 of_IO Benjamin_NP1 
Britten_NP1 's_GE *1_NULL A_AT1 Spring_NN1 Symphony_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL *0_NULL Later_RRR in_II the_AT year_NNT1 came_VVD other_JJ 
conductors_NN2 :_: Bruce_NP1 Hangen_NP1 from_II Denver_NP1 and_CC the_AT 
popular_JJ Walter_NP1 Susskind_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS also_RR premiered_VVD a_AT1 
work_NN1 new_JJ to_II this_DD1 country_NN1 ,_, the_AT *1_NULL Fourteenth_MD 
Symphony_NN1 *0_NULL of_IO Shostakovich_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Franz-Paul_NP1 Decker_NP1 ,_, whose_DDQGE youth-orientated_JJ 
concerts_NN2 *"_" Baroque_NN1 to_II Rock_NN1 **"_" did_VDD not_XX quite_RR 
gain_VVI local_JJ acceptance_NN1 ,_, was_VBDZ more_RGR noteworthy_JJ for_IF 
performances_NN2 of_IO the_AT Mahler_NP1 *1_NULL Symphony_NN1 \_NULL No._NN1 
2_MC *0_NULL (_( *"_" Resurrection_NP1 **"_" )_) and_CC Bruckner_NP1 's_GE 
*1_NULL Symphony_NN1 \_NULL No._NN1 9_MC ,_, *0_NULL a_ZZ1 New_NP Zealand_NP1 
first_MD ._. 

^ ^_NULL Yet_RR another_DD1 first-time_JJ visitor_NN1 ,_, Erich_NP1 Bergel_NP1 
from_II Romania_NP1 ,_, appeared_VVN with_IW soloists_NN2 Noel_NP1 Mangin_NP1 
and_CC the_AT Chinese_JJ pianist_NN1 Fou_NP1 Ts'ong_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ no_AT wonder_NN1 that_DD1 subscription_NN1 sales_NN2 
had_VHD made_VVN a_AT1 healthy_JJ leap_NN1 forward_RL ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL But_CCB one_MC1 name_NN1 on_II that_DD1 year_NNT1 's_GE 
impressive_JJ list_NN1 stood_VVD out_RP above_II all_DB others_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL *"_" La_NP Stupenda_NP1 **"_" herself_PPX1 *-_- the_AT Australian_JJ 
soprano_NN1 Dame_NNB Joan_NP1 Sutherland_NP1 *-_- one_MC1 of_IO the_AT 
world_NN1 's_GE leading_JJ artists_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT demand_NN1 for_IF seats_NN2 was_VBDZ phenomenal_JJ ,_, and_CC 
extra_JJ performances_NN2 had_VHD to_TO be_VBI arranged_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL Both_RR on_II stage_NN1 and_CC off_RP ,_, this_DD1 great_JJ 
artist_NN1 impressed_VVD everyone_PN1 with_IW her_APPGE natural_JJ warmth_NN1 
and_CC charm_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Joan_NP1 Sutherland_NP1 was_VBDZ accompanied_VVN by_II 
her_APPGE husband_NN1 ,_, conductor_NN1 Richard_NP1 Bonynge_NP1 ,_, also_RR 
making_VVG his_APPGE first_MD visit_NN1 to_II the_AT orchestra_NNJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Five_MC months_NNT2 later_RRR he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ back_RP with_IW 
the_AT Australian_JJ Opera_NN1 Company_NNJ for_IF the_AT most_RGT important_JJ 
opera_NN1 tour_NN1 in_II this_DD1 country_NN1 since_CS that_DD1 of_IO the_AT 
Italian_JJ Opera_NN1 in_II 1949_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL Two_MC operas_NN2 were_VBDR performed_VVN :_: Verdi_NP1 's_GE *1_NULL 
Rigoletto_NN1 ,_, *0_NULL conducted_VVN by_II Richard_NP1 Bonynge_NP1 ,_, 
and_CC *1_NULL Jenu_NN1 *?_NULL 15fa_FO *0_NULL by_II Janac_NP1 *?_NULL 
10ek_FO ,_, conducted_VVN by_II Georg_NP1 Tintner_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Both_DB2 were_VBDR highly_RR successful_JJ and_CC beautifully_RR 
staged_JJ performances_NN2 *-_- a_AT1 rare_JJ cultural_JJ collaboration_NN1 
between_II the_AT Australian_JJ Opera_NN1 and_CC the_AT {_NULL NZSO_NN1 }_NULL 
instigated_VVD at_II government_NN level_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL While_CS half_DB of_IO the_AT orchestra_NNJ accompanied_VVD the_AT 
opera_NN1 in_II the_AT pit_NN1 ,_, smaller_JJR centres_NN2 were_VBDR 
toured_VVN by_II Walter_NP1 Susskind_NP1 and_CC the_AT remaining_JJ 
players_NN2 ,_, who_PNQS then_RT gave_VVD ten_MC schools_NN2 concerts_NN2 
under_II conductor_NN1 Dobbs_NP1 Franks_NP1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL For_IF opera_NN1 fans_VVZ it_PPH1 was_VBDZ quite_RR a_AT1 
year_NNT1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Two_MC concert_NN1 performances_NN2 of_IO Puccini_NP1 's_GE opera_NN1 
*1_NULL Turandot_NP1 *0_NULL also_RR took_VVD place_NN1 ,_, under_II an_AT1 
old_JJ friend_NN1 ,_, James_NP1 Robertson_NP1 ,_, with_IW soloists_NN2 
Milla_NP1 Andrew_NP1 ,_, Angela_NP1 Shaw_NP1 ,_, Anthony_NP1 Benfell_NP1 
and_CC Bruce_NP1 Carson_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT opera_NN1 ,_, which_DDQ had_VHD never_RR before_RT been_VBN 
performed_VVN in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 ,_, was_VBDZ chosen_VVN to_TO mark_VVI 
its_APPGE golden_JJ jubilee_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT enthusiasm_NN1 with_IW which_DDQ all_DB three_MC operas_NN2 
were_VBDR greeted_VVN confirmed_VVD that_CST ,_, although_CS starved_VVN 
for_IF many_DA2 years_NNT2 since_CS the_AT fall_NN1 of_IO the_AT New_NP 
Zealand_NP1 Opera_NN1 Company_NNJ ,_, audiences_NN2 had_VHD not_XX lost_VVN 
their_APPGE taste_NN1 for_IF such_DA performances_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL On_II 22_MC November_NPM1 the_AT Golden_JJ Jubilee_NN1 of_IO 
Radio_NN1 Broadcasting_NN1 in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 ,_, an_AT1 event_NN1 
celebrated_VVD in_II other_JJ ways_NN2 throughout_II the_AT year_NNT1 ,_, 
culminated_VVD in_II a_AT1 concert_NN1 given_VVN in_II31 association_II32 
with_II33 the_AT Australasian_JJ Performing_NN1 Rights_NN2 Association_NNJ (_( 
{_NULL APRA_NP1 }_NULL )_) ._. 

^ ^_NULL All_DB works_VVZ but_CCB one_PN1 were_VBDR by_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 
composers_NN2 ,_, who_PNQS in_II each_DD1 case_NN1 (_( except_CS Lilburn_NP1 
)_) conducted_VVD the_AT performance_NN1 :_: **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL Disappointingly_RR this_DD1 
showcase_NN1 for_IF local_JJ composers_NN2 '_GE works_NN ,_, the_AT 
largest_JJT number_NN1 ever_RR performed_VVN by_II the_AT orchestra_NNJ in_II 
public_JJ performance_NN1 ,_, did_VDD not_XX attract_VVI a_AT1 large_JJ 
audience_NN ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL One_MC1 of_IO the_AT year_NNT1 's_GE major_JJ events_NN2 
was_VBDZ the_AT arrival_NN1 in_II June_NPM1 of_IO the_AT orchestra_NNJ 's_GE 
new_JJ concertmaster_NN1 ,_, Peter_NP1 Schaffer_NP1 ,_, with_IW his_APPGE 
wife_NN1 ,_, Zoe_NP1 Fisher_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 horn_NN1 player_NN1 ,_, and_CC 
their_APPGE eighteen-year-old_JJ son_NN1 ,_, Eric_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL As_II a_AT1 result_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 massive_JJ advertising_NN1 
campaign_NN1 ,_, nineteen_MC applications_NN2 had_VHD been_VBN received_VVN 
:_: twelve_MC from_II the_AT {_NULL USA_NP }_NULL ,_, three_MC from_II the_AT 
{_NULL UK_NP }_NULL ,_, one_PN1 each_DD1 from_II Australia_NP1 ,_, Canada_NP1 
,_, Germany_NP1 and_CC New_NP Zealand_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL A_AT1 committee_NNJ comprising_VVG Beverley_NP1 Wakem_NP1 ,_, 
Geoffrey_NP1 Newson_NP1 ,_, Peter_NP1 Averi_NP1 (_( all_DB from_II Radio_NN1 
New_NP Zealand_NP1 )_) ,_, Brian_NP1 Priestman_NP1 ,_, John_NP1 Chisholm_NP1 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL and_CC Douglas_NP1 Lilburn_NP1 had_VHD 
short-listed_JJ four_MC international_JJ applicants_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT nod_NN1 had_VHD eventually_RR gone_VVN to_II Peter_NP1 
Schaffer_NP1 ,_, then_RT aged_II forty-six_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL Born_VVN in_II Germany_NP1 ,_, his_APPGE father_NN1 a_AT1 
vaudeville_JJ artist_NN1 ,_, Schaffer_NP1 had_VHD made_VVN his_APPGE debut_NN1 
as_II a_AT1 violinist_NN1 at_II the_AT age_NN1 of_IO eight_MC in_II 
Portugal_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT family_NN had_VHD emigrated_VVN to_II the_AT United_NP 
States_NP1 in_II 1939_MC ,_, and_CC Schaffer_NP1 had_VHD studied_VVN under_II 
tutors_NN2 including_II Roman_NP1 Totenberg_NP1 ,_, (_( Alma_NP1 Trio_NN1 )_) 
Steinberg_NP1 and_CC Szymon_NP1 Goldberg_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL At_II sixteen_MC he_PPHS1 had_VHD been_VBN appointed_VVN to_II the_AT 
Los_NP Angeles_NP1 Philharmonic_JJ ,_, then_RT the_AT Baltimore_NP1 
Symphony_NN1 ,_, eventually_RR becoming_VVG associate_JJ concertmaster_NN1 ,_, 
Denver_NP1 Symphony_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL For_IF the_AT past_JJ six_MC years_NNT2 he_PPHS1 had_VHD held_VVN 
the_AT same_DA position_NN1 in_II the_AT San_NP Francisco_NP1 Symphony_NN1 ,_, 
and_CC he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ also_RR concertmaster_NN1 of_IO the_AT San_NP 
Francisco_NP1 Opera_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Pleased_JJ as_CSA everyone_PN1 was_VBDZ to_TO welcome_VVI 
the_AT urbane_JJ and_CC undoubtedly_RR able_JJ new_JJ concertmaster_NN1 ,_, 
the_AT debt_NN1 owed_VVD to_II John_NP1 Chisholm_NP1 was_VBDZ fully_RR 
recognised_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 had_VHD accepted_VVN an_AT1 enormous_JJ challenge_NN1 as_CSA 
acting_VVG leader_NN1 and_CC in_II that_DD1 time_NNT1 had_VHD earned_VVN 
the_AT respect_NN1 of_IO all_DB by_II his_APPGE handling_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 
difficult_JJ and_CC exacting_JJ position_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Even_RR those_DD2 who_PNQS ,_, at_II the_AT time_NNT1 ,_, had_VHD 
questioned_VVN his_APPGE youth_NN1 and_CC lack_NN1 of_IO previous_JJ 
experience_NN1 ,_, now_RT acknowledged_VVD his_APPGE worth_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL John_NP1 Chisholm_NP1 was_VBDZ not_XX an_AT1 applicant_NN1 for_IF 
the_AT permanent_JJ position_NN1 ,_, choosing_VVG instead_RR to_TO take_VVI 
a_AT1 well-deserved_JJ six-month_JJ break_NN1 in_II Europe_NP1 with_IW 
his_APPGE cellist_NN1 wife_NN1 ,_, Vivien_NP1 ._. 

^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL 
**[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT transportation_NN1 of_IO 
orchestral_JJ instruments_NN2 underwent_VVD its_APPGE most_RGT important_JJ 
change_NN1 in_II 1976_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 took_VVD eighteen_MC months_NNT2 of_IO negotiations_NN2 
with_IW several_DA2 different_JJ companies_NN2 ,_, but_CCB after_II thirty_MC 
years_NNT2 of_IO transportation_NN1 by_II railways_NN2 wagon_NN1 or_CC 
uncovered_JJ truck_NN1 *-_- including_II hair-raising_JJ occasions_NN2 
when_RRQ instruments_NN2 had_VHD been_VBN shunted_VVN onto_II a_AT1 siding_NN1 
somewhere_RL and_CC a_AT1 double_JJ bass_NN1 had_VHD been_VBN dropped_VVN 
from_II a_ZZ1 crane_VV0 *-_- the_AT change_NN1 was_VBDZ made_VVN to_II the_AT 
private_JJ firm_NNJ of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 Van_NP1 Lines_NP1 \_NULL Ltd_JJ 
._. 

^ ^_NULL In_II the_AT years_NNT2 since_CS ,_, these_DD2 distinctive_JJ 
articulated_JJ vehicles_NN2 ,_, with_IW the_AT {_NULL NZSO_NN1 }_NULL logo_NN1 
,_, have_VH0 become_VVN a_AT1 familiar_JJ sight_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 great_JJ relief_NN1 to_II musicians_NN2 
forced_VVD to_TO trust_VVI their_APPGE precious_JJ instruments_NN2 to_II 
the_AT dangers_NN2 of_IO constant_JJ travel_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT {_NULL NZSO_NN1 }_NULL Supporters_NN2 Club_NNJ 
became_VVD operational_JJ in_II 1975_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL During_II his_APPGE enforced_JJ inactivity_NN1 after_II the_AT 
Australian_JJ tour_NN1 ,_, cellist_NN1 Wilfred_NP1 Simenauer_NP1 had_VHD 
used_VVN the_AT opportunity_NN1 to_TO start_VVI a_AT1 supporters_NN2 club_VV0 
similar_JJ to_II that_DD1 of_IO the_AT Royal_JJ Liverpool_NP1 Orchestra_NNJ 
._. 

^ ^_NULL With_IW {_NULL NZBC_NP }_NULL approval_NN1 ,_, he_PPHS1 had_VHD 
set_VVN about_RP collecting_VVG names_NN2 and_CC addresses_NN2 of_IO 
musical_JJ and_CC other_JJ groups_NN2 ,_, before_II beginning_VVG an_AT1 
intensive_JJ letter_NN1 campaign_NN1 for_IF membership_NN ._. 

^ ^_NULL Replies_NN2 began_VVD to_TO come_VVI in_II thick_JJ and_CC fast_RR 
,_, but_CCB by_II then_RT Simenauer_NP1 had_VHD returned_VVN to_II his_APPGE 
orchestral_JJ duties_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL A_AT1 bulging_JJ file_NN1 of_IO unanswered_JJ letters_NN2 was_VBDZ 
left_VVN behind_RL ._. 

^ *#_NULL **[_NULL 187+TEXT+F44_FO **]_NULL 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL *0_NULL Bearing_VVG in_II mind_NN1 the_AT dangers_NN2 of_IO 
sending_VVG valuable_JJ property_NN1 by_II sea_NN1 ,_, Williams_NP1 
resolved_VVD to_TO divide_VVI his_APPGE collection_NN1 into_II two_MC 
consignments_NN2 which_DDQ were_VBDR put_VVN separately_RR on_II a_AT1 
boat_NN1 to_II Port_NNL1 Nicholson_NP and_CC from_II there_RL went_VVD to_II 
Sydney_NP1 and_CC London_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL They_PPHS2 were_VBDR received_VVN by_II \_NULL Dr_NNB Buckland_NP1 
at_II Oxford_NP1 who_PNQS transmitted_VVD them_PPHO2 almost_RR immediately_RR 
to_II Richard_NP1 Owen_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 later_RRR respected_VVD Williams_NP1 's_GE wishes_NN2 
concerning_II their_APPGE ultimate_JJ use_NN1 ,_, and_CC asked_VVD Owen_NP1 
that_CST casts_NN2 be_VBI made_VVN for_IF distribution_NN1 to_II an_AT1 
assortment_NN1 of_IO museums_NNL2 in_II England_NP1 and_CC France_NP1 ,_, 
including_II his_APPGE own_DA at_II Oxford_NP1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Since_CS his_APPGE first_MD announcement_NN1 on_II the_AT 
Moa_NP1 and_CC his_APPGE appeal_NN1 for_IF more_DAR specimens_NN2 ,_, 
Richard_NP1 Owen_NP1 had_VHD established_VVN himself_PPX1 as_II the_AT 
logical_JJ ultimate_JJ receiver_NN1 of_IO Moa_NP1 bones_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Insofar_CS21 as_CS22 he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ destined_VVN to_TO become_VVI 
even_RR more_RGR involved_JJ with_IW fossil_NN1 New_NP Zealand_NP1 birds_NN2 
,_, it_PPH1 is_VBZ time_NNT1 to_TO take_VVI a_AT1 closer_JJR look_NN1 at_II 
the_AT man_NN1 and_CC his_APPGE times_NNT2 ,_, for_CS they_PPHS2 have_VH0 
a_PN31 great_PN32 deal_PN33 to_II do_VD0 with_IW New_NP Zealand_NP1 
zoology_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL For_IF some_DD twenty_MC years_NNT2 Owen_NP1 held_VVD 
undisputed_JJ hegemony_NN1 over_II the_AT natural_JJ sciences_NN2 in_II 
Britain_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Narrower_JJR in_II outlook_NN1 than_CSN Banks_NN2 ,_, and_CC 
vastly_RR different_JJ in_II style_NN1 ,_, he_PPHS1 nevertheless_RR 
adopted_VVD the_AT same_DA central_JJ position_NN1 ,_, part_NN1 of_IO the_AT 
*'_" hub_NN1 **'_" towards_II which_DDQ exotic_JJ zoological_JJ and_CC 
palaeontological_JJ collections_NN2 must_VM flow_VVI ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ at_RR21 once_RR22 hated_VVN ,_, feared_VVD and_CC 
admired_VVD ,_, a_AT1 man_NN1 who_PNQS had_VHD colleagues_NN2 and_CC 
correspondents_NN2 by_II the_AT score_NN1 but_CCB few_DA2 friends_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL If_CS one_PN1 practised_VVD as_II a_AT1 serious_JJ amateur_NN1 or_CC 
a_AT1 professional_JJ in_II the_AT realms_NN2 of_IO natural_JJ history_NN1 ,_, 
an_AT1 encounter_NN1 with_IW Owen_NP1 was_VBDZ almost_RR unavoidable_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL Some_DD ,_, like_II Gideon_NP1 Mantell_NP1 ,_, found_VVD that_CST 
everywhere_RL they_PPHS2 turned_VVD there_EX was_VBDZ Owen_NP1 ,_, aloof_JJ 
,_, deprecatory_JJ ,_, and_CC all-powerful_JJ in_II the_AT higher_JJR 
councils_NNJ2 of_IO British_JJ science_NN1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Owen_NP1 began_VVD his_APPGE career_NN1 with_IW a_AT1 
training_NN1 in_II medicine_NN1 ,_, but_CCB shortly_RR thereafter_RT was_VBDZ 
persuaded_VVN to_TO become_VVI an_AT1 assistant_NN1 to_II William_NP1 
Clift_NP1 ,_, the_AT Conservator_NN1 of_IO the_AT Museum_NNL1 at_II the_AT 
Royal_JJ College_NN1 of_IO Surgeons_NP1 ,_, where_CS he_PPHS1 began_VVD by_II 
cataloguing_VVG the_AT Hunterian_JJ collections_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL From_II there_RL he_PPHS1 embarked_VVD on_II a_AT1 lifetime_NNT1 
study_NN1 of_IO the_AT anatomy_NN1 of_IO vertebrate_NN1 and_CC invertebrate_JJ 
animals_NN2 ,_, in_II the_AT process_NN1 becoming_VVG Hunterian_JJ 
Professor_NN1 and_CC then_RT succeeding_VVG Clift_NP1 as_II Conservator_NN1 
,_, before_II becoming_VVG Superintendent_NN1 of_IO the_AT Natural_JJ 
History_NN1 Department_NNJ of_IO the_AT British_JJ Museum_NNL1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 department_NNJ later_RRR became_VVD a_AT1 museum_NNL1 in_II 
its_APPGE own_DA right_NN as_II a_AT1 result_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE efforts_NN2 
._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT science_NN1 of_IO comparative_JJ anatomy_NN1 had_VHD 
been_VBN well_RR developed_VVN by_II the_AT French_NN1 under_II Cuvier_NP1 ,_, 
but_CCB England_NP1 had_VHD no_AT rival_JJ figure_NN1 until_CS Owen_NP1 
started_VVD publishing_NN1 in_II 1830_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL Two_MC things_NN2 fortified_VVD his_APPGE career_NN1 and_CC 
reputation_NN1 :_: the_AT first_MD was_VBDZ the_AT developing_JJ science_NN1 
of_IO palaeontology_NN1 and_CC the_AT second_NNT1 the_AT increasing_JJ 
supply_NN1 of_IO zoological_JJ specimens_NN2 ,_, fossil_NN1 and_CC living_JJ 
,_, from_II the_AT British_JJ colonies_NN2 *-_- marsupials_NN2 from_II 
Australia_NP1 ,_, the_AT fossil_NN1 reptiles_NN2 from_II South_NP Africa_NP1 
,_, and_CC the_AT kiwi_NN1 and_CC fossil_NN1 birds_NN2 from_II New_NP 
Zealand_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Palaeontology_NP1 itself_PPX1 was_VBDZ enjoying_VVG unprecedented_JJ 
popularity_NN1 during_II the_AT middle_JJ decades_NNT2 of_IO the_AT 19th_MD 
century_NNT1 ;_; visions_NN2 of_IO large_JJ and_CC fearsome_JJ monsters_NN2 
from_II the_AT past_NN1 fired_VVD the_AT public_JJ imagination_NN1 and_CC 
authorities_NN2 such_II21 as_II22 Gideon_NP1 Mantell_NP1 were_VBDR in_II 
great_JJ demand_NN1 for_IF soire_NN1 *?_NULL 2es_FO ,_, \_NULL *1_NULL 
conversaziones_NN2 *0_NULL and_CC public_JJ lectures_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL For_IF naturalists_NN2 who_PNQS were_VBDR social_JJ climbers_NN2 
and_CC craved_VVD public_JJ attention_NN1 it_PPH1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 godsend_NN1 
,_, their_APPGE intriguing_JJ specimens_NN2 providing_VVG them_PPHO2 with_IW 
an_AT1 entrance_NN1 to_II the_AT salons_NN2 of_IO the_AT aristocracy_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT extinct_JJ New_NP Zealand_NP1 birds_NN2 came_VVD 
fortuitously_RR right_RR in_II the_AT middle_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 period_NN1 ,_, 
their_APPGE discovery_NN1 coinciding_VVG with_IW the_AT presence_NN1 of_IO 
Owen_NP1 and_CC heightened_JJ enthusiasm_NN1 for_IF palaeontology_NN1 and_CC 
natural_JJ history_NN1 in_RR21 general_RR22 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL One_MC1 or_CC two_MC decades_NNT2 earlier_RRR ,_, Rule_NN1 
's_VBZ bone_NN1 might_VM have_VHI been_VBN totally_RR ignored_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL Two_MC decades_NNT2 later_RRR and_CC the_AT discoveries_NN2 would_VM 
have_VHI been_VBN overshadowed_VVN by_II Darwin_NP1 and_CC the_AT debate_NN1 
on_II evolution_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Instead_RR ,_, there_EX was_VBDZ to_TO be_VBI a_AT1 chain_NN1 of_IO 
papers_NN2 on_II the_AT extinct_JJ birds_NN2 ,_, ending_VVG in_II a_AT1 
two-volume_JJ monograph_NN1 ;_; they_PPHS2 would_VM be_VBI looked_VVN upon_II 
as_II the_AT *'_" greatest_JJT zoological_JJ discovery_NN1 of_IO our_APPGE 
time_NNT1 **'_" ._. 

^ ^_NULL By_II the_AT time_NNT1 of_IO the_AT appearance_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE 
concluding_JJ work_NN1 on_II Moas_NP1 in_II 1886_MC ,_, Owen_NP1 's_GE 
authority_NN1 had_VHD already_RR been_VBN undermined_VVN by_II the_AT 
discussion_NN1 on_II evolution_NN1 and_CC by_II other_JJ smaller_JJR 
defeats_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_II21 for_II22 a_AT1 time_NNT1 he_PPHS1 had_VHD the_AT power_NN1 
to_TO bring_VVI into_II the_AT limelight_NN1 an_AT1 animal_NN1 ,_, a_ZZ1 
fauna_NN2 and_CC a_AT1 country_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Owen_NP1 ,_, Gray_NP1 and_CC the_AT Hookers_NN2 were_VBDR among_II 
the_AT imperial_JJ masters_NN2 of_IO New_NP Zealand_NP1 natural_JJ history_NN1 
and_CC it_PPH1 was_VBDZ part_NN1 of_IO Owen_NP1 's_GE skill_NN1 that_CST 
when_CS something_PN1 like_II Rule_NN1 's_VBZ bone_NN1 turned_VVD up_RP ,_, 
he_PPHS1 would_VM quickly_RR recognize_VVI its_APPGE potential_NN1 and_CC 
move_VVI to_TO make_VVI the_AT field_NN1 *'_" peculiarly_RR his_APPGE own_DA 
**'_" ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Owen_NP1 had_VHD to_TO exercise_VVI considerable_JJ 
patience_NN1 before_CS he_PPHS1 began_VVD to_TO receive_VVI any_DD 
confirmation_NN1 of_IO his_APPGE first_MD analysis_NN1 of_IO Rule_NN1 's_VBZ 
bone_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL This_DD1 finally_RR arrived_VVN in_II a_AT1 letter_NN1 on_II 10_MC 
January_NPM1 ,_, 1843_MC ,_, from_II the_AT Reverend_NNB William_NP1 
Cotton_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS confirmed_VVD Owen_NP1 's_GE findings_NN2 and_CC 
told_VVD him_PPHO1 that_CST he_PPHS1 had_VHD seen_VVN the_AT bones_NN2 
collected_VVD by_II Williams_NP1 (_( which_DDQ were_VBDR in_II fact_NN1 
specimens_NN2 collected_VVD following_II Williams_NP1 's_GE original_JJ 
consignment_NN1 to_II England_NP1 )_) ._. 

^ ^_NULL Hard_RR on_II the_AT heels_NN2 of_IO this_DD1 letter_NN1 the_AT 
first_MD box_NN1 of_IO bones_NN2 sent_VVN by_II Williams_NP1 arrived_VVD on_II 
Buckland_NP1 's_GE doorstep_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT Prince_NNB Regent_NP1 was_VBDZ notified_VVN ,_, His_APPGE 
Royal_JJ Highness_NN1 expressing_VVG great_JJ interest_NN1 in_II *'_" this_DD1 
feathered_JJ monster_NN1 **'_" and_CC a_AT1 desire_NN1 to_TO be_VBI kept_VVN 
informed_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL Buckland_NP1 sent_VVD the_AT consignment_NN1 smartly_RR on_II21 
to_II22 Owen_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL On_II 19_MC January_NPM1 the_AT box_NN1 was_VBDZ opened_VVN in_II 
the_AT presence_NN1 of_IO William_NP1 Broderip_NP1 and_CC Owen_NP1 
himself_PPX1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Fascinated_JJ ,_, they_PPHS2 watched_VVD as_II the_AT huge_JJ 
bones_NN2 came_VVD out_RP one_MC1 by_II one_MC1 *-_- a_AT1 pelvis_NN1 ,_, 
vertebrae_NN2 ,_, femur_NN1 *-_- becoming_VVG so_RG preoccupied_JJ that_CST 
the_AT time_NNT1 for_IF their_APPGE evening_NNT1 meal_NN1 came_VVD and_CC 
went_VVD ._. 

^ ^_NULL *'_" Yesternight_RT we_PPIS2 supped_VVD upon_II the_AT mysterious_JJ 
moa_NN1 **'_" recalled_VVD Broderip_NP1 in_II a_AT1 letter_NN1 to_II 
Buckland_NP1 the_AT next_MD day_NNT1 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT second_MD box_NN1 arrived_VVD as_RG safely_RR as_CSA 
the_AT first_MD in_II October_NPM1 that_DD1 year_NNT1 ,_, and_CC again_RT 
Broderip_NP1 was_VBDZ present_JJ at_II the_AT Owen_NP1 house_NN1 for_IF the_AT 
opening_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Following_VVG notices_NN2 in_II the_AT *1_NULL Proceedings_NN2 ,_, 
*0_NULL Owen_NP1 described_VVD and_CC figured_VVD this_DD1 material_NN1 in_II 
the_AT *1_NULL Transactions_NN2 of_IO the_AT Zoological_JJ Society_NNJ of_IO 
London_NP1 ,_, *0_NULL 1844_MC ,_, and_CC Williams_NP1 was_VBDZ given_VVN 
credit_NN1 by_II Owen_NP1 for_IF his_APPGE interpretation_NN1 of_IO the_AT 
bones_NN2 :_: *'_" wholly_RR unaware_JJ that_CST its_APPGE more_RGR 
immediate_JJ affinities_NN2 had_VHD been_VBN determined_VVN in_II England_NP1 
**'_" ._. 

^ ^_NULL Owen_NP1 's_GE attempt_NN1 to_TO attract_VVI specimens_NN2 by_II 
sending_VVG copies_NN2 of_IO his_APPGE early_JJ publication_NN1 out_RP to_II 
New_NP Zealand_NP1 eventually_RR had_VHN effect_NN1 ,_, although_CS after_CS 
some_DD time_NNT1 had_VHD elapsed_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL Colonel_NNB William_NP1 Wakefield_NP1 received_VVD a_AT1 letter_NN1 
from_II the_AT New_NP Zealand_NP1 Company_NNJ in_II London_NP1 and_CC a_AT1 
copy_NN1 of_IO Owen_NP1 's_GE paper_NN1 late_RR in_II 1843_MC and_CC took_VVD 
action_NN1 immediately_RR to_TO supply_VVI specimens_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL While_CS all_DB this_DD1 was_VBDZ going_VVG on_II another_DD1 
sizeable_JJ discovery_NN1 was_VBDZ about_RPK to_TO take_VVI place_NN1 in_II 
New_NP Zealand_NP1 ,_, this_DD1 time_NNT1 in_II another_DD1 part_NN1 of_IO 
the_AT country_NN1 and_CC by_II a_AT1 missionary_NN1 who_PNQS was_VBDZ 
already_RR familiar_JJ with_IW the_AT fossil_NN1 birds_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL In_II May_NPM1 1843_MC ,_, the_AT Reverend_NNB Richard_NP1 
Taylor_NP1 arrived_VVD at_II Wanganui_NN1 which_DDQ was_VBDZ to_TO be_VBI 
the_AT headquarters_NN of_IO his_APPGE large_JJ parish_NN1 for_IF some_DD 
years_NNT2 to_TO come_VVI ._. 

^ ^_NULL A_DD221 few_DD222 weeks_NNT2 after_II his_APPGE arrival_NN1 ,_, in_II 
July_NPM1 ,_, he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ returning_VVG along_II the_AT coast_NN1 
from_II a_AT1 trip_NN1 to_II South_NP Taranaki_NP1 when_RRQ he_PPHS1 
stopped_VVD at_II Waingongoro_NP1 to_TO baptize_VVI two_MC children_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 paused_VVD for_IF a_AT1 while_NNT1 on_II the_AT shore_NN1 
near_II the_AT mouth_NN1 of_IO the_AT Waingongoro_NP River_NNL1 and_CC 
noticed_VVD a_AT1 fragment_NN1 of_IO bone_NN1 lying_VVG in_II the_AT sand_NN1 
._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 was_VBDZ reminded_VVN of_IO the_AT bone_NN1 seen_VVN on_II 
the_AT East_NP Coast_NP1 and_CC asked_VVN the_AT Maoris_NP2 what_DDQ it_PPH1 
was_VBDZ ._. 

^ ^_NULL *'_" A_AT1 Moa_NP1 's_GE bone_NN1 ,_, **'_" was_VBDZ the_AT reply_NN1 
*'_" what_DDQ else_RR ?_? 

^ ^_NULL Look_VV0 around_RP and_CC you_PPY will_VM see_VVI plenty_PN of_IO 
them_PPHO2 ._. 

^ **'_" ^_NULL To_II his_APPGE astonishment_NN1 he_PPHS1 saw_VVD that_CST 
the_AT sand_NN1 flat_NN1 was_VBDZ heaped_VVN up_RP into_II mounds_NN2 full_JJ 
of_IO Moa_NP1 skeletons_NN2 ,_, *'_" a_AT1 regular_JJ necropolis_NN1 **'_" ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB many_DA2 of_IO the_AT bones_NN2 when_RRQ examined_VVN 
were_VBDR found_VVN to_TO be_VBI fragile_JJ and_CC disintegrated_VVN when_CS 
touched_VVN ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 emptied_VVD out_RP his_APPGE box_NN1 of_IO supplies_NN2 
and_CC packed_VVD a_DD221 few_DD222 handy_JJ specimens_NN2 ,_, intending_VVG 
to_TO return_VVI at_II some_DD later_JJR time_NNT1 to_TO make_VVI a_AT1 
more_RGR comprehensive_JJ selection_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Unfortunately_RR for_IF him_PPHO1 ,_, the_AT site_NN1 was_VBDZ 
visited_VVN in_II the_AT intervening_JJ period_NN1 by_II Walter_NP1 
Mantell_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS made_VVD a_AT1 large_JJ collection_NN1 of_IO 
these_DD2 sub-fossil_JJ bird_NN1 bones_NN2 to_TO send_VVI to_II his_APPGE 
father_NN1 Gideon_NP1 Mantell_NP1 in_II England_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 great_JJ loss_NN1 for_IF Taylor_NP1 ,_, 
although_CS he_PPHS1 had_VHD well_RR over_RG three_MC years_NNT2 in_II 
which_DDQ to_TO make_VVI his_APPGE return_NN1 ,_, years_NNT2 in_II which_DDQ 
he_PPHS1 placed_VVD his_APPGE pastoral_JJ duties_NN2 ahead_II21 of_II22 
this_DD1 particular_JJ interest_NN1 in_II natural_JJ history_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Mantell_NP1 's_GE collection_NN1 from_II Waingongoro_NP1 was_VBDZ 
a_AT1 valuable_JJ one_PN1 ,_, containing_VVG species_NN other_II21 than_II22 
Moas_NP1 and_CC of_IO **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL sufficient_JJ importance_NN1 
to_TO make_VVI them_PPHO2 the_AT subject_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 separate_JJ story_NN1 
to_TO be_VBI told_VVN later_RRR on_RP ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL Over_II the_AT years_NNT2 Taylor_NP1 continued_VVD to_TO 
find_VVI Moa_NP1 skeletons_NN2 on_II his_APPGE coastal_JJ travels_NN2 
around_II Wanganui_NP1 and_CC was_VBDZ once_RT brought_VVN a_AT1 
near-perfect_JJ specimen_NN1 ,_, lacking_JJ only_RR the_AT skull_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Eager_JJ to_TO find_VVI the_AT missing_JJ portion_NN1 he_PPHS1 
rode_VVD off_RP at_RR21 once_RR22 to_II the_AT site_NN1 ,_, where_CS with_IW 
great_JJ care_NN1 he_PPHS1 unearthed_VVD the_AT delicate_JJ skull_NN1 
bones_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Wrapped_VVD up_RP and_CC placed_VVN in_II the_AT crown_NN1 of_IO 
his_APPGE hat_NN1 ,_, the_AT bones_NN2 seemed_VVD safe_JJ until_CS Taylor_NP1 
's_GE horse_NN1 bucked_VVD ,_, sending_VVG him_PPHO1 sprawling_VVG on_II 
the_AT ground_NN1 and_CC shattering_VVG the_AT bones_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL He_PPHS1 hobbled_VVD around_RP salvaging_VVG what_DDQ he_PPHS1 
could_VM for_IF Owen_NP1 ,_, but_CCB once_RR21 again_RR22 the_AT full_JJ 
measure_NN1 of_IO exciting_JJ discovery_NN1 had_VHD slipped_VVN through_II 
his_APPGE fingers_NN2 ._. 

^ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL |_NULL ^_NULL While_CS Taylor_NP1 was_VBDZ 
making_VVG his_APPGE find_NN1 at_II Waingongoro_NP1 ,_, new_JJ Moa_NP1 
sites_NN2 were_VBDR being_VBG exposed_VVN in_II the_AT South_NP Island_NP1 
where_RRQ a_AT1 discovery_NN1 was_VBDZ made_VVN at_II the_AT mouth_NN1 of_IO 
the_AT Waikouaiti_NP River_NNL1 north_ND1 of_IO Dunedin_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT first_MD to_TO view_VVI this_DD1 site_NN1 was_VBDZ possibly_RR 
Johnny_NP1 Jones_NP1 ,_, a_AT1 whaler_NN1 and_CC land_NN1 dealer_NN1 who_PNQS 
established_VVD a_AT1 station_NN1 at_II Waikouaiti_NP1 early_RR in_II 1840_MC 
._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT site_NN1 was_VBDZ visited_VVN during_II 1843-1844_MCMC by_II 
the_AT collector_NN1 Percy_NP1 Earl_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS took_VVD his_APPGE 
collection_NN1 back_RP with_IW him_PPHO1 to_II England_NP1 to_TO offer_VVI 
it_PPH1 for_IF sale_NN1 to_II Owen_NP1 in_II February_NPM1 1845_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL Two_MC new_JJ species_NN of_IO Moa_NP1 came_VVD from_II this_DD1 
collection_NN1 and_CC they_PPHS2 were_VBDR described_VVN by_II Owen_NP1 in_II 
1846_MC ._. 

^ ^_NULL Material_NN1 from_II the_AT site_NN1 was_VBDZ also_RR acquired_VVN 
at_II about_II the_AT same_DA time_NNT1 by_II a_AT1 \_NULL Dr_NNB 
MacKellar_NP1 ,_, who_PNQS sent_VVD the_AT bones_NN2 to_II Edinburgh_NP1 
University_NNL1 *-_- a_AT1 departure_NN1 from_II the_AT normal_JJ course_NN1 
of_IO events_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL It_PPH1 appears_VVZ **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL that_CST MacKellar_NP1 
was_VBDZ from_II Sydney_NP1 and_CC had_VHD been_VBN given_VVN the_AT bones_NN2 
by_II *'_" a_AT1 sailor_NN1 **'_" (_( probably_RR one_PN1 from_II the_AT 
whaling_NN1 station_NN1 )_) during_II a_AT1 visit_NN1 to_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 
._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL If_CS Owen_NP1 did_VDD not_XX receive_VVI Moa_NP1 bones_NN2 
directly_RR ,_, such_DA was_VBDZ his_APPGE position_NN1 of_IO authority_NN1 
and_CC control_NN1 over_II the_AT publication_NN1 of_IO the_AT fossil_NN1 
bird_NN1 papers_NN2 that_CST he_PPHS1 received_VVD material_NN1 from_II 
even_RR the_AT most_RGT reluctant_JJ of_IO sources_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Gideon_NP1 Mantell_NP1 has_VHZ already_RR been_VBN mentioned_VVN 
in_II31 connection_II32 with_II33 his_APPGE son_NN1 's_VHZ collections_NN2 
from_II the_AT Waingongoro_NP1 site_NN1 ,_, and_CC it_PPH1 was_VBDZ the_AT 
result_NN1 of_IO this_DD1 and_CC later_JJR efforts_NN2 by_II Walter_NP1 
Mantell_NP1 in_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 that_CST placed_VVD the_AT elder_JJR 
Mantell_NP1 firmly_RR among_II the_AT followers_NN2 of_IO the_AT Moa_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB he_PPHS1 was_VBDZ always_RR a_AT1 planet_NN1 to_II Owen_NP1 
's_GE sun_NN1 ,_, feeling_VVG he_PPHS1 had_VHD the_AT right_JJ to_TO 
lecture_VVI on_II his_APPGE son_NN1 's_VHZ discoveries_NN2 but_CCB not_XX 
to_TO describe_VVI them_PPHO2 :_: *'_" ^_NULL I_PPIS1 determined_VVD to_TO 
forego_VVI the_AT pride_NN1 and_CC pleasure_NN1 of_IO describing_VVG these_DD2 
new_JJ acquisitions_NN2 ,_, and_CC allow_VV0 him_PPHO1 (_( Owen_NP1 )_) to_TO 
have_VHI the_AT use_NN1 of_IO all_DB the_AT novelties_NN2 my_APPGE son_NN1 
has_VHZ collected_VVN ._. 

^ **'_" ^_NULL If_CS Owen_NP1 felt_VVD he_PPHS1 could_VM be_VBI generous_JJ 
in_II appreciation_NN1 and_CC praise_NN1 for_IF the_AT work_NN1 and_CC 
interest_NN1 taken_VVN by_II the_AT missionaries_NN2 and_CC others_NN2 in_II 
the_AT colony_NN1 ,_, a_AT1 rival_JJ lecturer_NN1 on_II the_AT subject_NN1 
on_II his_APPGE very_JJ doorstep_NN1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 different_JJ matter_NN1 
,_, and_CC Mantell_NP1 was_VBDZ often_RR the_AT victim_NN1 of_IO bruising_VVG 
encounters_NN2 in_II31 spite_II32 of_II33 his_APPGE generosity_NN1 to_II 
Owen_NP1 in_II passing_VVG on_II specimens_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT products_NN2 of_IO middle_JJ class_NN1 backgrounds_NN2 ,_, 
both_DB2 men_NN2 **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL were_VBDR snobs_NN2 and_CC 
courted_VVD the_AT attention_NN1 of_IO the_AT titled_JJ and_CC famous_JJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL But_CCB Mantell_NP1 was_VBDZ at_II a_AT1 severe_JJ disadvantage_NN1 
in_II that_DD1 the_AT need_NN1 to_TO keep_VVI up_RP his_APPGE medical_JJ 
practice_NN1 conflicted_VVD with_IW his_APPGE palaeontological_JJ 
interests_NN2 ,_, whereas_CS Owen_NP1 was_VBDZ a_AT1 professional_JJ in_II 
this_DD1 field_NN1 ,_, albeit_CS a_AT1 busy_JJ one_PN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Mantell_NP1 suffered_VVD from_II a_AT1 further_JJR handicap_NN1 in_II 
the_AT form_NN1 of_IO a_AT1 persistent_JJ and_CC agonizing_VVG spinal_JJ 
condition_NN1 which_DDQ was_VBDZ no_AT help_NN1 in_II preserving_VVG his_APPGE 
magnanimity_NN1 and_CC good_JJ humour_NN1 at_II the_AT time_NNT1 of_IO 
Owen_NP1 's_GE attacks_NN2 ._. 

^ |_NULL ^_NULL The_AT brief_JJ truce_NN1 which_DDQ established_VVD 
itself_PPX1 when_RRQ Mantell_NP1 first_MD offered_VVD Walter_NP1 's_GE 
collection_NN1 **[DELETED_COMMENT**]_NULL to_II Owen_NP1 was_VBDZ soon_RR 
broken_VVN and_CC the_AT enmity_NN1 between_II them_PPHO2 reached_VVD a_AT1 
peak_NN1 three_MC years_NNT2 later_RRR following_VVG a_AT1 second_MD 
consignment_NN1 of_IO bones_NN2 from_II New_NP Zealand_NP1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Earlier_RRR in_II 1846_MC Walter_NP1 had_VHD also_RR visited_VVN 
the_AT Waikouaiti_JJ site_NN1 ,_, where_CS the_AT outgoing_JJ tide_NN1 had_VHD 
exposed_VVN a_AT1 pair_NN of_IO Moa_NP1 tibia_NN1 and_CC feet_NN2 standing_VVG 
in_II the_AT mud_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL A_AT1 whaler_NN1 ,_, Tommy_NP1 Chaseland_NP1 ,_, carefully_RR dug_VVD 
them_PPHO2 out_RP and_CC gave_VVD them_PPHO2 to_II Mantell_NP1 who_PNQS 
despatched_VVD them_PPHO2 to_II his_APPGE father_NN1 ._. 

^ ^_NULL The_AT two_MC feet_NN2 were_VBDR articulated_VVN and_CC on_II 27_MC 
February_NPM1 ,_, 1850_MC ,_, Gideon_NP1 Mantell_NP1 read_VVD a_AT1 paper_NN1 
on_II his_APPGE son_NN1 's_GE recent_JJ collections_NN2 ._. 

^ ^_NULL Owen_NP1 arrived_VVD at_II the_AT same_DA meeting_NN1 ,_, also_RR 
loaded_VVD with_IW Moa_NP1 bones_NN2 ,_, and_CC *'_" commented_VVD in_II 
his_APPGE usual_JJ deprecating_JJ manner_NN1 **'_" ,_, declaring_VVG that_CST 
the_AT feet_NN2 in_II Mantell_NP1 's_GE possession_NN1 were_VBDR imperfect_JJ 
,_, lacking_JJ the_AT hind_JJ toes_NN2 ,_, and_CC that_CST he_PPHS1 
himself_PPX1 possessed_VVD a_AT1 perfect_JJ foot_NN1 which_DDQ he_PPHS1 
had_VHD described_VVN the_AT night_NNT1 before_CS at_II a_AT1 meeting_NN1 
of_IO the_AT Zoological_JJ Society_NNJ ._. 

^ ^_NULL *'_" Poor_JJ envious_JJ man_NN1 ,_, **'_" wrote_VVD Mantell_NP1 ,_, 
but_CCB in_II fact_NN1 Owen_NP1 was_VBDZ infuriatingly_RR right_JJ ,_, 
although_CS the_AT hind_JJ toe_NN1 has_VHZ long_RR been_VBN a_AT1 
contentious_JJ and_CC difficult_JJ problem_NN1 ,_, only_RR recently_RR 
resolved_VVD ._. 

