GRAND  RAPIDS,  WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER  30,  1889,

NO. 319

VOL.  7
Voigt, M sheiier & Go.,
D r y   Goods

Importers and Jobbers of

STAPLE  and  FANCY.

O v e r a lls,  P a n ts ,  Etc.,

OUR  OWN  MAKE.

A  COMPLETE  LINE  OF

PanGy  Crockery  and

PanGy  Woodenware

OUR OWN  IMPORTATION.

Inspection  Solicited.  Chicago  and  De­

troit  prices  guaranteed.

ßook  X  Bergtholil,

MANUFACTURERS  OF

Prices  Lower  than  those  of 
any competitor.  Write for cata­
logue and  prices.

*  Wholesale and Retail Dealer in

106 Kent St,  -  Grand Rapids, Mich.
G. H. 
Beh,
COAL,

W O O D ,
Flour, Feed,  Grain,  Hay.  Straw,  Etc,

30 East Bridge  St.,  Corner Kent. 

WEST SIDE YARD:

Winter St., one block south of Shawmut Aye., 

GRAND RAPIDS, MICH.

♦ T o   the  Book  and  Stationery  Trade:

Cherryman  &  Bowen,

Undertakers  and  Embalmers,

IMMEDIATE ATTENTION OIVEN TO CALLS DAT OB NIGHT.

Telephone  lOOO. 

5 South  Division St. 

GRAND  RAPIDS.

Lady* assistant  when  desired.
M llio h iira n   BUSINESS  UNIVERSITY
jnicmyan  AND NORMAL SCHOOL.
(O riginally Lean’s Business College—E st’Wished 8 y ’rs.)
A  thoroughly  equipped,  permanently  estab­
lished and pleasantly located College.  The class 
rooms have been  especially  designed in accord­
ance with the latest approved plans.  The faculty 
is composed of the most competent and practical 
teachers.  Students graduating from  this  Insti­
tution MUST be efficient and PRACTICAL.  The 
best of references  furnished  upon  application. 
Our Normal Department is in charge  of  experi­
enced teachers of established reputation.  Satis­
factory  boarding  places  secured  for  all  who 
apply to us.  Do not go  elsewhere  without  first 
personally  interviewing  or  writing  us  for full 
particulars. 
Investigate  and  decide  for your 
selves.  Students ipay enter at any time.  Address 
West Michigan Business University and Normal 
School,  19, 21, 23, 25 and 27  South  Division  St., 
Grand Rapids, Mich.

J. U. Lean, 

A. E . Y ebex,
Sec’y and Treas.

Principal. 
S.  G.  K e te h a m ,

DEALER  IN

Lime, Hair,  Cement, Brick, 

Stucco,  Sewer  Pipe,  Tile, 
Fire Brick and Fire Clay.
14 West Bridge St.,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich,
B u s i n e s s   P r a c t i c e
ueparimeil l Business College. Ed­
F i o n Q U + m p r i f   at  the  Grand Rapids 
ucates pupils to transact and  record  business as 
It is done Dy our best  business  houses.  It  pays 
to go to  the  best.  Shorthand  and  Typewriting 
also thoroughly taught.  Send for circular.  Ad 
dress A. S. PARISH, successor to C. G. Swens 
berg.

(Ihlskegon  Paper  Go„

Dealers in

FINE  STATIONERY,  WRAPPING 

PAPERS, PAPER BAGS, TWINES, 

WOODEN  DISHES,  ETC.

Mail  Orders  Promptly  Filled.

44 Pine St.,  Muskegon, Mich.

(llagiG  Goffee  Roaster,

The Best in the World.

We are  now  State  Agents  for 
Q , Having on hand a large  stock of No.  1 
Messrs. Harper Brothers’ School 
Books  and  can  furnish  them  at  ^  
the publishers’ prices.
u
Eaton,  Lyon  &  Co.,

oasters—capacity  35  lbs.—1  will  sell 
them  at  very  low  prices.  Write  for 
Special Discount.

ROBT.  S.  WEST,

48-50  Long  St.,  CLEVELAND,  OHIO.

i

20  &  22  Monroe  St, 

GRAND  RAPIDS, 

- 

MICH.

Wm•  Brtimmeler
»Tinware,  Glassware  and  Notions.

Rags,  Rubbers  and  Metals  bought  at  Market 

JOBBER  OF

Prices.

76  SPRING  ST., GRAND  RAPIDS, 

WE  CAN  UNDERSELL  ANY  ONE  ON  TINWARE.

H1RTH  i  KRAUSE.
S h o e

DEALERS  IN

FRENCH  TOILET, 
SAFETY  BARREL, 
GILT EDGE, 
RAVEN  GLOSS, 
BIXBY’S  ROYAL, 
SPANISH  GLOSS, 
BROWN’S FRENCH. 

|

D r e s s in g s

Polish
Blanking,

BIXBY’S  “3 B,”

JACQUOT’S  FRENCH,
U  »
BARTLETT’S 
GENUINE  1.  W»

B E A C H ’S

New  York  ßoffee  Rooms

61  Pearl  Street

OYSTERS IN RLL STYLES,

Steaks, Chops  and  All  Kinds  of  Order 

Cooking  a  Specialty.

FRANK  M.  BEACH,  Prop.
Daniel  G.  Garnsey, 

EXPERT  ACCOUNTANT

Adjuster  of  Fire  Losses.
Twenty Years Experience.  References furnished 
S4 Fountain St., Grand Rapid«, Mich.

if desired.

AND

THE  GREAT

EDMUND B.DIKEMAN
Watch fflaker

Jeweler,
Grand Rapids,  -  UM,

U   GRNRL  8T„

W  a r r e n ’s

''Elixir  of  Life”

C ig a r

Will be ready Sept.  1.

Price, $55 delivered.

Send orders at once to

GEO. T. WSSREH  4  CO., Flint, WiEh.

Fine  Millinery!

WHOLESALE  AND  RETAIL.

Bought Direct from Importers 

and  Manufacturers.

A d a m s   &  Co.,

90 Monroe  St.,  Opposite  Morton  House.

To  The  Trade!
PERSONAL!
E.  C.  T u b b s

Will hereafter act as  our  representative 

in  Grand  Rapids and vicinity.

GEO. M OEBS & CO .,
“Ben  Hnr"  “Record  Breakers,”

MANUFACTURERS  OF

And other  fine cigars. 

- 

MICH.

DETROIT, 

FLOUR

Owl, Crown PrinGe, White Lily, 

Standard, Rye, Graham.

B o lted  M eal,

MAIL  ORDERS  SOLICITED.

F eed ,  E tc.
NEWRYGO  ROLLER  HILLS.
A lle n   D u rfee  &  Co.,
FUNERRL  DIRECTORS,

A. D. L e a v e n w o r t h .

A l l e n   D u k f e e .

103 Ottawa St.,  Grand Rapids.
Fehsenfeld  &  Grammel,
B R O O M S !

(Successors to Steele & Gardner.) 

Manufacturers of

Whisks,  Toy  Brooms, Broom Corn, Broom 
Handles, and all Kinds  of  Broom Materials. 
10 and 13 Plainfield  Ave.,  Grand Rapids.

W M .  M.  C L A R K ,

Manufacturer  of

Gilstom 

(Jade  Skirts,

Fit and Quality Guaranteed.

Our cutting is  done  by  Chas.  R.  Remington, 
who was for  nine  years  cutter  for  Gardiner & 
Baxter, who  will  cordially  welcome  his many 
friends in the  trade.

7  Pearl  St.,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.

A p p les,

P o ta to e s,

O n io n s.

FOR  PRICES,  WRITE  TO

BÄRNETT  BROS ,  WhCHIC1AGO.aler*’

S h o w  Ca.se

M A K E R S .

Prices Lower than Eller

QUALITY  THE  BEST.

"W rite  for  P r ic e s

63-65 CANAL ST,

ROADS  AND  ROAD-MAKING.

Exhaustive  Treatment  of  the  Subject 

by a Noted  Engineer.

The progress of  civilization has every­
where been marked  by  good  roads. 
It 
may  even  be  said  to  be  largely due to 
them.  Ancient Rome was not only famous 
for its own roads, but it carried the art of 
road-making into all  its conquered prov­
inces.  As its civilization disappeared in 
the degeneracy of the  Dark  Ages,  good 
roads ceased to exist, and they only reap­
peared  when  modern  nations  began  to 
emerge from the Middle Ages.  It is often 
said that  the  test  of  civilization in any 
country is the consumption  of  iron;  but 
this is true only because railroads are the 
chief consumers of iron, and they are but 
one form of roadway.
It is an undeniable  fact that while the 
United States has the  finest railway sys­
tem  in  the  world—the  most  perfectly 
adapted to the work it has to do,  and the 
cheapest in charges for  transportation— 
yet its roads and its  city  streets  are  far 
inferior  to  those  of  France,  England, 
Germany,  Austria and Italy.  Doubtless 
the admirable character of its railways is 
itself  the  cause  of  its  bad  roads  and 
streets, for the  railways  serve their pur­
pose so well  that  there  is less apparent 
need  of  good  carriage  roads.  All the 
other countries above named had reached 
a high degree of  civilization  before  the 
advent of  railways about fifty years ago, 
whereas about three-fourths of  the pres­
ent area of the United States  have  been 
settled and populated during the railway 
era.  The rapid advances in wealth  and 
population of  the principal  countries  of 
Europe during the latter part of the eigh­
teenth and early part  of  the  nineteenth 
century  would  have  been  impossible 
without a corresponding  and  simultane­
ous improvement in the quality  of  their 
roads.  The still more  rapid  advance  of 
America  during  this  century  has  been 
accomplished  chiefiy through the instru­
mentality of railways,  and these have  so 
thoroughly  intersected  the  country  in 
every  direction,  bringing  the  merchant 
and  manufacturer  at  one  end  and  the 
farmer and miner at the other  into  such 
close communication  that  the  necessity 
for good roads has been overlooked.  The 
opinion is now gaining ground, however, 
that notwithstanding  the  excellent  and 
cheap service of  the railways,  there  is  a 
great  loss  in  the  unnecessary  cost  of 
transportation  in  hauling  merchandise 
through  the  mud  to reach the railroad, 
and again over rough cobble-stones when 
it leaves the cars at its destination.  And 
independent of  the commercial aspect of 
the  question, there is ^jll to  be  consid­
ered  the  comfort  and  convenience  of 
those who use roads and streets for pleas­
ure  riding  and  driving,  and  to  whom 
good road surfaces  are absolutely neces­
sary.  During the  last  few  years  there 
has been a constant increase in the atten­
tion and thought devoted to the question 
of roads both without and  within  cities, 
and the  object  of  this  article is to give 
briefly such information as to the history 
and present condition of  the art of road­
making  as  may be useful in this discus­
sion.
The  much-quoted  Roman  roads were, 
in reality, far inferior to  the  best  roads 
of modern Europe, and  were much more 
costly.  Hence they may  he dismissed in 
a few  words.  They  were  stone  pave­
ments with a very thick concrete founda­
tion;  or, as described  by another writer, 
they were  “masonry  walls  laid on their 
sides.”  The  most  famous of  them was 
the Appian Way,  constructed  about  313 
B. C., from  Rome  to  Capua,  and ¡- ubse- 
quently extended to  Brundusium  (Brin­
disi).  The  foundation consisted of  one 
or two courses  of  large  flat  stones laid 
in lime mortar; next came a layer of con­
crete made of one part of  lime and three 
of  broken  stones,  thoroughly mixed and 
consolidated  by  ramming;  on  this  was 
spread a thin  layer  of  mortar, in which 
the  stones  forming  the top course were 
bedded.  These stones were  of  basaltic 
lava,  about twelve to fourteen  inches  in 
width, with  smooth  upper  surfaces but 
irregular sides and when carefully jointed 
together  they  formed  a  large  mosaic. 
The total thickness of the road was about 
three  feet,  and  its  width  varied  from 
twelve to twenty  feet.  On  either  side 
were  raised footways, paved with stone, 
and at frequent  intervals were stepping- 
stones for mounting  horses. 
It was also 
marked by mile-stones indicating the dis­
tance from the forum at Rome.
This road was  certainly  durable,  as is 
proved  by  the fact that although it  had 
to be rebuilt by Trajan, at the end of the 
first century A. D., parts of it are still in 
existence,  3300  years  after  it  was first 
constructed;  but it was  deficient  in  the 
other  qualities  of a good  road.  Horace 
is authority for the statement that it was 
“less  fatiguing  to  people  who  travel 
slowly.”
Similar  roads  were  built  in  Gaul, in 
Great Britain, during the Roman occupa­
tion,  and in Thrace  by the Emperor Tra­
jan.
With the decline of Rome, road-making 
shared the fate of  the  other  mechanical 
arts,  and  for  the  time  was  forgotten. 
Good  roads  were  unknown  again  in 
Europe until the middle of the eighteenth 
century.  They were revived almost sim­
ultaneously in France  and England,  and 
soon afterward in the  other  chief  coun­
tries of Europe.
Among  English-speaking  races,  the 
perfection of modern roads  is  generally 
attributed  to two Englishmen, Macadam 
and Telford,  who rebuilt  nearly  all  the 
English roads in the  early  part  of  this 
century.  Telford  was  a  distinguished 
engineer, while Macadam prided himself 
on  being  nothing but a road-maker. 
It 
is also  generally  believed  that  to Maca­
dam is due the principle  of  using  small 
angular fragments of clean stone, which, 
under  traffic,  unite  into  a  solid  mass. 
The distinctive feature of Telford’s roads 
was a layer of irregular  stone,  from  six 
to eight inches  in  size,  carefully placed 
on  the  ground  as a foundation  for  the 
smaller ones, technically  called the road

metal.  The chief object of  this  founda­
tion  was  to  afford  good  drainage,  and 
prevent  the  metal  from  being  pushed 
into  the  ground  in  places where it was j 
soft;  but  Macadam  always  denied  its j 
utility  or  necessity,  and  engineers  are | 
still divided on this question. 
In regard 
to the size of the metal,  Telford specified 
that the  stones  should  be  as  nearly as 
possible  uniform  in  size, the largest of 
which  should pass, in its longest dimen­
sions,  through  a  ring  two  and  a  half 
inches in diameter.  Macadam  preferred 
the test  of  weight,  and insisted that no 
stone should weigh more than six ounces 
—which  is  the weight of a cube  of  one 
and a half inches of  hard,  compact lime­
stone.  His overseers were provided with 
a  small  pair  of  scales  and a six-ounce 
weight, in order to test the largest stones.
It is a fact, however,  that  the  correct 
principles  of  modern  road-building  are 
not due  to  either  Macadam  or Telford, 
but to a French engineer, Tresaguet, who 
anticipated them in every detail by about 
thirty  years. 
In a memoir  prepared  in 
1775,  Tresaguet  advocated  the  small 
angular  fragments  of  broken  stone  of 
Macadam, and the  rough paving founda­
tion of Telford.  He built the high-roads 
from Paris to Toulouse,  and  from  Paris 
to the Spanish frontier.  His views were 
adopted by  all  French  engineers  at the 
end  of  the  last  century,  and  it was in 
accordance with them that  the  Simplon 
and other  great  roads  over the Alps,  as 
well  as  the  principal roads  of  France, 
were built under Napoleon.
The excellence  of  broken  stone roads 
caused their  universal  adoption  in  the 
first half of this century, and in only two 
particulars have  any improvements been 
made upon them to the present day.  The 
first is in regard to  the manner of break­
ing  the  stone.  Macadam  caused  the 
stone to be broken by hand  on  the  side 
of  the road,  the  size  and  weight of  the 
hammer being  carefully specified.  Now 
they are much more quickly and cheaply 
broken by machine.  Two classes of stone- 
crushers have  been devised for this  pur­
pose.  The  first,  usually  known  as  the 
Blake, consists essentially of a strong iron 
frame, near one  end  of  which  is  a mov­
able jaw of  iron.  By means of  a toggle- 
joint and an eccentric  this  jaw is moved 
back and forward  a  slight  distance from 
the frame.  As the jaw recedes, the open­
ing increases  and the stone  descends; as 
it  approaches  the  frame,  the  stone  is 
crushed.  The second  class  is known  as 
the Gates, and consists of  a solid mass of 
iron shaped  somewhat like a bell,  which 
is supported  within  an  iron  cone.  By 
means  of  an  eccentric  shaft  a  rocking 
and rotary motion is given to  the bell, so 
that each  point of  its  surface is  succes­
sively brought near to and removed from 
the surface of  the cone, which causes the 
stone to descend and be crushed as before. 
These  machines  are  driven  by  steam- 
engines and  are of various sizes, capable 
of  crushing from ten to two hundred tons 
per  day.  By  regulating  the  width  of 
opening between the  jaws, or within the 
cone,  the size to which the  stone can  be 
broken is correspondingly regulated; and 
by  the  use  of  revolving  screens  with 
openings of  various  sizes, the  stones  of 
different sizes can  be  separated and  de­
livered in separate piles of one-half inch, 
one inch,  two and one-half inches, etc.
The other improvement is in the use of 
rollers to consolidate  the  road  and  give 
a  smooth,  uniform  surface,  instead  of 
allowing this work to be slowly and pain­
fully performed by the  vehicles using  it. 
Horse-rollers were introduced about 1834 
and steam-rollers about 1860.  There was 
for  some time a discussion as to the rela­
tive economy and merits of the two kinds 
of  rollers,  but  this  has now been settled 
in favor of  the steam-rollers.
Macadam  roads  are  now  everywhere 
constructed  on  substantially  the  same 
principles.  The  ground is  first  cleared 
and levelled of the prescribed width, and, 
if  necessary, excavated  to  the depth  of 
the  road-covering.  All  roots  of  trees, 
and soft  and spongy spaces not affording 
a  firm  bearing,  are  removed  and  their 
places filled with  good  gravel or broken 
stone.  The surface is then rolled with a 
heavy roller,  in order thoroughly to com­
pact  it. 
If  the  Telford  foundation  is 
used, it is  placed on  the rolled  earth  in' 
the form of  irregular  stones from six  to 
eight inches in  size, carefully  placed  in 
position  and forming a rough pavement, 
on which the  macadam metal  is  placed. 
If  the  Telford  foundation  is  not  used, 
the metal is placed directly on the earth, 
in  a  uniform  layer  not  exceeding  six 
inches in depth.  This is then thoroughly 
compacted by rolling  with a heavy roller 
for several hours, until the metal will not 
yield under the roller.  Another layer of 
broken stone of  the  same  depth  is  then 
placed on the first and  compacted in  the 
same  manner.  Finally  a  layer of  from 
one to  two  inches in  depth of  very fine 
broken  stone  or  gravel,  not  exceeding 
three-fourths  of  an  inch  in  largest  di­
mensions,  is  spread on  the surface,  and 
this in turn is compacted by rolling.  The 
road is  then  ready for use.  The rolling 
is greatly  facilitated  and  the  compact­
ness of  the road increased by thoroughly 
sprinkling each layer  in connection with 
In  many  cases  the  total 
the  rolling. 
thickness of  the macadam  is  only eight 
inches, 
instead  of  twelve  to  thirteen 
inches, as above described.
The cost of such roads depends chiefly on 
two factors, the price of labor and the price 
of  broken stone. 
In  addition  to  this  is 
the  cost of  culverts  and  bridges, which 
must be provided for any road, whatever 
the road  surface  may be.  The  price  of 
broken  stone varies from  70  cents to  $3 
per ton, depending  on  the  character  of 
the stone and the  distance  which  it  has 
to be  hauled.  For  a  road  30  feet wide 
and 9 inches thick,  about  5,500  tons  are 
required for  each  mile  in  length.  The 
cost of  the road  surface  alone  is  about 
$13,000  per  mile.  The  cost of  embank­
ment, excavation, culverts,  drains, stone 
gutters, etc.,  may  carry the  cost  up  to 
$70,000 per mile.
These figures might even  be  increased 
in the  case of  roads  traversing a  moun­

tainous  district,  where  expensive  em­
bankments,  cuttings  in  rock  and  earth, 
retaining-walls,  etc., would be necessary. 
The  laying  out of  such  roads  calls  for 
the same surveys and  the same engineer­
ing skill as in the laying out of railways.
The shape or cross-section  to be  given 
to the road has been the subject of  much 
discussion in the past.  Roads  which are 
much  rounded  in  the  center  shed  the 
water very easily, but, on the other hand, 
they are very uncomfortable for vehicles. 
There has  also been much  dispute as  to 
whether  the  cross  shape  of  the  road 
should  be  a  curve, or  should  consist  of 
two straight lines  meeting  at the center. 
It  is  now  generally  conceded  that  the 
cross-section should be  a curve, and that 
the height of  the  road  should  be  about 
one-sixtieth  of  its  width,  i.  e.,  in  roads 
30 feet wide the center should be 6 inches 
higher than  the  sides,  in  roads  40  feet 
wide it should be 8  inches,  and  so on  in 
proportion to its width.
The great cost of  macadam  roads, and 
the  comparative  lack  of  necessity  for 
them  in  consequence  of  the  enormous 
development of  railways,  has  prevented 
their construction to  any great extent  in 
America.  The National Road, which was 
intended to form the great highway across 
the Alleghanies from the  Potomac to the 
Ohio,  was begun under authority of Con­
gress  about  sixty  years  ago,  but  it  had 
only progressed a short  distance  beyond 
Cumberland,  Maryland,  when  its  con­
struction was abandoned, in consequence 
of  the building of  railways  for the same 
purpose.  Macadamized roads have there­
fore  been  confined  to  city or  suburban 
streets, and to a few of  the older  States 
in the East.  Even  the turnpikes, or toll 
roads,  originally  built  by  corporations 
which made their profit by levying toll on 
each  horse  passing or vehicle,  were  ma­
cadamized only for a small portion of their 
width in the  center,  leaving  earth roads 
bn each side.  These  latter were habitu­
ally  used  in  summer,  leaving  the  hard 
central portion, whose surface was seldom 
kept smooth, for use during the rains and 
mud of  winter.
With  the exception of  these few turn­
pike  high-roads,  American  roads  have 
been  built,  of  whatever  material  was 
nearest  to  hand.  Frequently,  if  not 
generally,  they  were  made  by  simply 
ploughing a ditch on each side and throw­
ing the earth into a mound in the center. 
An improvement on this was to spread  a 
layer of  bank  gravel  containing a  large 
proportion of  clay over the road;  and on 
the  New  England  coast,  where  a  rocky 
soil and  clean  gravel  or  beach  shingle 
were  everywhere  available, 
these  ma­
terials were used, and formed a compara­
tively  hard  and  durable  road  surface. 
Through the swamps and clay soils of the 
South, where stone  and  gravel were  not 
available, the  corduroy  road  was  much 
used.  This  consisted  in  felling  trees, 
stripping the  branches,  and  placing the 
trunks across the road ;  and it was  prob­
ably the most inhuman  device  ever  sug­
gested as a means of  communication.  In 
central New York, and  in  some parts  of 
the West,  plank  roads were  at one  time 
constructed, but  their lack of  durability 
caused this system to be soon abandoned.
The  condition  of  a  road  depends  not 
only upon the manner in which it is con­
structed, but  upon the  manner in which 
it is maintained.  The  best of  roads  are 
being  constantly worn  by traffic,  and  if 
they are’tfbk* cjuigkly.  repaired  whenever 
any  de$$rts*\apf»earj* tjijj^ard’soon.  de­
stroyed.  Macidhnds r&j>yt»tioii*$a?maflpi

good order. * Th-eid)ef.$© acjoinp 
result incessant attention i3 neoesSsaty^o.' 
as to fill up any ruts or holes the momeni 
they appear, and prevent'them from being 
enlarged  by travel and  rain.  The  road 
thus  gradually wears  down,  but  always 
presents a uniform  and  smooth surface 
and when its thickness is reduced to about 
five inches it is necessary to make general 
repairs by  covering  it with  a  new  coat­
ing  of  stone.  The  amount  of  wear  is 
proportional to the volume of traffic.  On 
some  of  the  heavily  traveled  macadam 
streets of  London and Paris  it  has been 
as much as four inches in a  year,  but on 
high-roads  between  cities it  is  often  as 
low as one-half  inch in a year.

Nowhere is the art of  road-making and 
maintenance carried  to  such  perfection 
as  in France,  where the necessity of con­
stant supervision  and  prompt  repairs is 
fully  appreciated.  Her  roads  have 
length of  about  300,000  miles,  of  which 
more than 130,000 miles are macadamized. 
They’  have  cost  mearly $600,000,000  for 
construction,  and the sum  of  $18,000,000 
(or about three per  cent,  of  first cost)  is 
annually  spent  for  their  maintenance. 
Until  we  are  prepared  to  expend  the 
necessary sums for solid construction and 
incessant  maintenance, we  cannot  have 
good  roads.  With  an  area  of  304,000 
square miles,  and a population of 38,000,- 
000  inhabitants,  France  has  about  one 
mile of  road to every square mile of terri 
tory,  and  to  every  190  inhabitants;  its 
roads  have  cost  about  $3,000  for  each 
square  mile,  and  about  $18  for  each 
inhabitant; their inaintenance costs annu 
ally $90 for each square mile, and 48 cents 
for each inhabitant
The State of  New York  has an area of 
47,000 square  miles, and  a population of 
about  6,500,000,  the  number of  inhabi­
tants per square mile  being  about three- 
fourths the  number in  France.  On  the 
basis  of  area,  in  order  that  its  roads 
should be equal to those  of  France, their 
length should be 46,000 miles; the first cost 
would  be  $138,000,000,  and  the  annual 
cost of  maintenance would be $4,140,000 
or  64  cents  for  each  inhabitant.  The 
railroads of  this  State  have  cost  nearly 
$900,000,000, and  the  annual  expense of 
maintaining their road-beds is fully 6 per 
cent,  of  their  first  cost. 
It  is  evident 
that  it would not  be  an  impossible task 
to create  a  system of  roads  correspond 
ing in  excellence to the  railroads when 
ever the necessity for them is fully recog­
nized ;  and  it  would  not  be  difficult  to 
to  prove  that  the  benefits  derived  in 
cheapening  the cost of  transportation to

the railroads, of  which  the  roads would 
act  as feeders,  would  be  more  than  an 
equivalent for  the  expense.  Nor would 
the cost  In  reality be  anything  like the 
large sums above named, for many of the 
existing roads  contain  an  abundance of 
stone,  which could  be taken up,  broken, 
and  relaid,  after  the  manner in  which 
Macadam  rebuilt  the  roads of  England, 
the cost of  which is stated in his memoir 
to have been  as  low  as  $600  per  mile. 
Owing to the increase in the cost of labor 
since  Macadam’s  time, 
the  cost  would 
now be about $3,500 per mile.
It is worth while  to  note  the  manner 
in which France maintains these splendid 
roads.  The data is  all  available  in  the 
ninth volume  of  Debauve's {Manual  for 
the Engineers  of the  Pont» et Chaussees. 
While  we  have  no  such  large  body of 
trained engineers in  the  public  service, 
and while our political organization does 
not permit the adoption of the  system as 
a  whole,  yet  there  are  many  of 
its 
features which are not only applicable to 
us,  but  are  essential  to  any satisfactory 
method of  road maintenance.
The roads in each department in France 
are under the general  supervision of  the 
prefect of  the department, and their con­
struction and repair  are intrusted  to the 
engineers of  the ponts et chaussees.  The 
necessary  funds  for  this  purpose  are 
allotted  to  each  department  by  the 
Minister  of  Public  Works.  The  high­
roads  are  divided  into 
two  classes— 
national  roads,  running  through  two or 
more  departments  and  connecting  the 
chief cities,  and departmental roads, con­
necting  the  principal  cities  within  a 
single  department.  The local  roads  are 
divided into three classes—the important 
local roads, the ordinary local  roads, and 
the by-roads.  Each road is thus clasified 
according to its use  and  the  traffic upon 
it,  as determined by actual count at stated 
periods.  The construction and the main­
tenance are varied  according to  the  use 
and the  volume  of  traffic.  Some of  the 
national  roads  are  paved  with  stone 
blocks,  like  city  streets,  for  long  dis­
tances ;  others are macadamized;  and the 
local roads are of  gravel.  The engineer- 
in-chief has charge of all the roads in the 
department;  under  him  are  engineers 
having  charge  of  certain  districts,  and 
under each of  these  are  superintendents 
and ovei seers, each in charge of a certain 
length of  road,  and  with a  certain force 
of laborers  and the  necessary  materials 
for keeping the road always in good order. 
It is, in  short, the  same  system of  con­
stant inspection, maintenance, and repair 
which is in use on every one of our princi­
pal railroads,  but which is never  applied 
to our roads.
The  fundamental  principles of  main­
tenance, as  laid down  in  the  Manual of 
Instruction,  are only two in number, viz.: 
1.  The removal of  the  daily wear of  the 
road,  whether in the form of mud or dust; 
3.  The prompt  replacement of  this wear 
by new  materials.
Each road is divided into sections called 
cantons;  on heavily traveled roads a can­
ton may be only 100  yards long, on light 
roads it may be a mile;  and to  each can­
ton there is a  workman  known  as a can- 
tonnier, who  is  responsible for  the con­
dition  of  the  road  in  his  canton.  He 
lives  in  the  immediate  vicinity,  and  is 
obliged to be on  the road  from 5 a. m. to 
7 p. m.  in summer,  and  from  sunrise  to 
sunset in winter;  he can  rest  two hours 
for  his  noon-day  meal,  but  with  this 
pscfeptifpi he must be always at work  be- 
ivvetfn*the hours above stated.  He has the 
folloWftig  tools,  viz.,  wheelbarrow,  iron 
.sjio.TOl,. wpoden shovel, pick, iron scraper, 
•Aftop^eri. gfcraper, broom,  iron  rake,  crow­
bill*, hammer,  and  tape-line.  His duties 
are,  1, to keep  tbe  gutters  clear so  that 
the water can runoff  freely;  3, to scrape 
off  the mud in wet weather and sweep off 
the dust in dry weather,  so as to keep his 
canton always  clean ;  3, to  clean off  the 
snow as far as possible,  and break up the 
ice on the surface of  the  road and  in the 
, gutters during the winter;  4, to pick  up 
all  loose  stones,  break  them,  and  pile 
them  in  regularly  shaped  piles  on  the 
side of  the road, ready for use in  repair­
ing ruts  and holes;  5, to  keep the  mile­
posts in good order;  6, to take care of the 
trees bordering the road.
The  six  adjacent  cantonniers  form  a 
squad called  a brigade, which is under  % 
foreman known as a cantonnier-chef, and 
forms the unit of  working force.  Several 
brigades are placed  under  the  charge of 
a conducteur, or superintendent, who has 
charge of  a section of  forty to fifty miles 
of  road,  for the  good  order of  which  he 
is responsible,  and  every  part  of  which 
he must  inspect and report upon twice  a 
month.  Several sections are placed under 
an  engineer,  who  has  charge of  all  the 
roads in an arrondissement, or township, 
and must inspect every part of them once 
in three months.  Finally,  the  engineer- 
in-chief has charge of  all the roads in the 
department, or  province, eighty-seven of 
which constitute the territory of  France.
During  the  winter,  when  the  repairs 
are  heavy,  and  whenever a  general  re­
surfacing of  the road is  undertaken, the 
regular cantonniers are assisted by auxil­
iary labor hired for the time being.  The 
broken  stone required  for  such work  is 
furnished by contract.

[c o n c l u d e d   n e x t   w e e k .]

Perfection  S ca le.

The  Latest  Improved  and  Best.

Does  Not  Require  Down  Weight.

Will Soon Save  Its  Cost on any Counter. 

For  sale  by  leading  wholesale grocers.

The Michigan Tradesman

AMONG THE TRADE.

GRAND RAPIDS GOSSIP.

Theo. C. Harnish  has  bought  out  the 

Peninsular Electrical Co.

Chas. A.  Hesse has opened a  hardware 

store at 705 South Division street.

W. W. Empey succeeds Geo. Hermance 
in  the  grocery  business  at  113  West 
Bridge street.

F. 

J. & J. W. Triel  succeed Chas. Bax­

ter  in  the  grocery  business  on  North 
Division street.

S. N. Watson  &  Co.  is  succeeded  by 
Neil Malloy iu the boot and shoe business 
on Monroe street.

F. B. Sauerbier  has  opened a  grocery 
store  at  Big  Rapids.  Lemou  & Peters 
furnished the stock.

M. E. Lapham, late of Champaign, Ills., 
has opened a  flour and feed  store at 165 
West Bridge street.

Wm.  Mears has engaged in the grocery 
business  an  Boyne  Falls.  Lemon  & 
Peters furnished the stock.

Frank  H.  Escott’s  drug  store  was 
closed  Saturday  on  a  mortgage held by 
the former owner, Wm.  H.  Tibbs.

Samuel Lyon  has secured a lease of the 
store at 66  South  Canal  street, Chicago, 
where he will locate about the 1st of next 
month.

John Quigg has engaged in the grocery 
business at the corner of First and Stock­
ing streets.  Lemon &  Peters  furnished 
the stock.

The  Grand Rapids  Fruit  and  Produce 
Co.  paid  out  88,000  for  apples  to  the 
farmers in the vicinity of Herrington this 
season.  W. R.  Mayo worked the country 
end of  the deal.

A.  Hyde,  the  Summit  City  lumber 
manufacturer, has  established a lumber, 
wood and coal yard at the corner of  God­
win avenue and the D., L.  & N.^Railway, 
placing G. W. Clark in charge as manager.
G. C. Oswald, for  the  past  two  years 
traveling representative  in this State for 
M.  Steel,  the  Milwaukee  broom  manu­
facturer,  has  purchased  a  one-fourth 
interest  in  the  wholesale  confectionery 
establishment, of  Wm.  R. Keeler,  at 413 
South Division street.  The new firm will 
be known as Wm. R. Keeler & Co.

AROUND THE  STATE.

Newaygo—A. V. Thompson has opened 

a grocery  store.

blacksmith shop.

Paris—Lewis  Stroup  has  opened  a 

Detroit—J.  D.  Ross  succeeds  T.  W. 

Marr in the drug business.

Cheboygan—Geo. Jordan  has  engaged 

in the restaurant business.

Bedford—Eugene  Jordan  succeeds  O. 

A. Nichols in general trade.

Maybee—Joseph Klotz,  general dealer, 

has assigned to John Davis.

Iron Mountain—J. W.  Hoose  has  sold 

his meat business to R.  King.

ton & Beach in general trade. 

Crystal—H. J. Beach  succeeds  Hamil­
..
Muskegon—Andrew Olson  has  cfpened* 
a feed store at 23  Hudson street.  * *•  *'
Morrice—A. B. Clark  & Co.  succeed*!?. 
Booth in the hardware  business.  V  •* j ,
Sutton’s Bay—H.  & J. Deuster, general 

dealers, have made an assignment.

Elk Rapids—Wm.  Higgins will  open a 

fruit, confectionery and cigar store.

Lake Odessa—F.  E.  Sargent  has pur­

chased H. L. Bailey’s hardware stock.

Battle Creek—J. C. Duel succeeds S. S. 
Guthrie  in the cigar  and fruit business.

East  Saginaw—Tyler  &  Secord  have 
purchased Wm. Smith’s picture business.
Sault Ste. Marie—Ryan  &  Baker  suc­
ceed Ryan & Royce in the drug business.
Bad Axe—L. C. Carpenter  succeeds L. 
C. Carpenter & Co. in  the drug business.
Reading—Cook &  Mead  succeed  Cook 
& Fitzsimmons in the hardware business.
Gobleville—J. H.  Harris,  of  Allegan, 
has bought L. D. Hiram’s  stock  of  gro­
ceries.
Buchanan—The Rural flour mill, owned 
by Rough Bros,  and  L.  F.  Fox,  burned 
Oct. 32.

Detroit—The liabilities of A. Loranger 
& Co. are 857,803.29  and  the  assets  are 
826,431.93.

Morley—Mrs.  Ella  Houston,  of  Kala­
mazoo, will  open a  millinery  establish­
ment here.

Hersey—J. R. Ladd  has closed out his 
stock of groceries and will clerk for John 
Finkbeiner.

Cannonsburg—J. P. Deegan  is  closing 
out his  grocery  stock  and  will  move  to 
Grand Rapids.

Bedford—Wm.  Doy  has  purchased  a 
one-half interest in  Chas. H. Ederle’s tin 
and hardware business.

Martin—Isaac  Austin  has  bought  an 
interest in the fruit  evaporator,  in com­
pany with Frank Kent.

Clarksville—J.  B.  Post  will  erect  a 
large  building  soon,  to  be used  as  an 
agricultural warehouse.

Muskegon—M. Corey & Co. have moved 
their general stock  from 38 Amity street 
to 5 East Western avenue.

Allegan—Fenn & Seery, manufacturers 
of  fanning  mills, have  dissolved.  A. B. 
Seevy continues the business.

•

Tustin—Geo.  S.  Clark  has  sold  his 
blacksmith  shop  to  Geo.  Deuel.  Mr. 
Clark will  move to Kingston.

Shelby — Hanover  &  Vandyke  will 
occupy  the Twining  building with  their 
merchant tailoring establishment.

Cedar  Springs—A.  E.  Gleason  &  Co. 
have closed their  jewelry stock and  will 
remove the same to Grand Rapids.

Chelsea—The  store  of  D.  D.  Durgy, 
which has been doing business two weeks, 
has been closed on mortgage proceedings.
Muskegon — Chas.  Mattoon  and  A. 
Hitchcock have purchased Wm.  Henry & 
Sons’ meat  market  at 8 Western avenue.
Muskegon—The  Heap  Patent  Earth 
Closet Co. has  awarded  the  contract  for 
building its new factory to M. W. Decker.
Big Rapids—Proceedings in foreclosure 
have been begun against the  Big  Rapids 
Iron Works Co. on a mortgage for 83,500.
Berlin—D. E.  Copper  has  closed  out 
his grocery  stock to  Norman  Harris,  of 
Big Springs,  and retired  from  business.
Lake Odessa—Teeple,  Trice & Co.,  of 
Cascade, have rented the building  of  L. 
Cass and  will put in  a  stock  of  bazaar 
goods.
lime 
‘Muskegon—Latimer  &  Seitzer, 
dealers,  have  dissolved  partnership. 
The business  will  be  continued  by Mr. 
Seitzer. 

Whitehall—Jake Freehling  has  closed 
out his dry goods business here  and  will 
re-engage in trade at 240  Division street, 
Chicago.

Flint—The firm of M. E. Carlton & Bro., 
book and stationery dealers, has dissolved. 
T. Elmer E. Carlton will go to Washington 
Territory.

Cheshire—Chas.  Schofield  is  closing 
out his  grocery stock  preparatory to  en­
gaging in  business in  the  northern part 
of  the State.

Morrice—The  hardware  stock  of  P. 
Booth has been purchased by A. B. Clark 
& Co., bankers and hardware  and  furni­
ture dealers.

Allegan—The  mill  on  Swan  Creek, 
which has been run by Marsh & Chiches­
ter, has been sold at  mortgage sale to  F. 
E. Fish for 8300.

Detroit—The  Adams  Ear-phone  Sup­
port Co., to make  telephone  supporters, 
has  been  incorporated  with  a  capital 
stock  of 8100,000.

Charlotte—Wm. P.  Wyman,  of  Chip­
pewa  Lake,  has  purchased  Thos.  J. 
Green’s hardware stock.  Mr. Green con­
templates going west.

Rockford—Dr. A. G. Goodson, formerly 
engaged  in  the  drug  business  at  Kal­
kaska,  Allegan,  Pierson  and  a  dozen 
other places, has opened out here.

Cadillac—Geo. A. Cummer has sold his 
interest in the  grocery firm of Cummer & 
Olsen  to  John A.  Gustafson.  The  new 
firm will be known as Olsen & Gustafson.
Hudson—Cal. Richards  has  associated 
himself with R. A.  Beach in the boot and 
shoe business.  The business will be con­
ducted  under  the  firm  name  of  R.  A. 
Beach & Co.

Grand  Haven — Fred  A.  Huttv  has 
bought the drug stock  formerly  belong­
ing to Hutty  &  Dickinson  and will con­
tinue the business at the old stand under 
his own name. 

..

Muskegon«—X,*G- Wanddrlincfe .has pur­
chased Ihe'.ipidartel^ftig .Aercfc of  Setz & 
Hobens'tdifi, and will mpve it 4W fiis^fiu?n- 
Jure. storq, ¡andjcombip^  the■ pnductakiiig 
ft%isijifesS*wij:h t&at Iifcnhw carries on.

Charlotte—Geo. J. Barney has sold out 
his boot and shoe business to  C.  R.  and 
Fred  H. Williams,  brothers, formerly of 
Ypsilanti,  but later  in  business, respec­
tively, in Salina, Kan.,  and in Chicago.

Howard City—E. G.  Pipp  has shipped 
his hardware and tinware stock to Brigh­
ton,  where  it  will  be consolidated with 
his  father’s  hardware  stock.  He  will 
continue  the  manufacture  of  boots  and 
shoes at this place.
Cedar Springs—Spooner & Moore,gener­
al  dealers,  have  dissolved  partnership, 
each continuing alone.  John A. Spooner 
will carry  on  the  clothing,  hat  and  cap 
and  grocery  business,  while  John  M. 
Moore will  carry  on  the  dry  goods  and 
boot and shoe business.  The double store 
occupied by the former firm will be  con­
verted into  two  stores  by the  closing  of 
the archways.

MANUFACTURING MATTERS.

Millett—Woodward & Underhill started 

their feed mill last week.

Muskegon—A.  Y. Mann  &  Co.  began 

running their sawmill Oct. 29.

Holland—Agnes  P.  Scott  succeeds B. 

L.  Scott in the lumber  business.

Charlotte—E. Shepherd^  jr.,  succeeds 
Shepherd & Kimberly in the lumber busi­
ness.

Deerfield—Chas.  Cumming’s  shingle 
mill resumed operations  the  first of  this 
week.

Lake  Odessa—King,  Quick  &  King 
have sold their  lumber  yard  to  Horace 
Robinson.

Ishpeming — After  being 

idle  seven 
years,  the Excelsior furnace will  resume 
operations.

Detroit—The Rogers Furniture Co. has 
been  incorporated,  with a  capital  stock 
of  868,000.

Freesoil—R.  B. Gibson uttered  a mort­
gage for  815,000 on  his  shingle mill and 
then assigned.

Manistee—J.  H.  Hagaman,  of  Racine, 
Wis., succeeds N. W. Nelson as secretary 
of  the Filertown  Manufacturing Co.

Ypsilanti—Hay  &  Todd  are  putting 
new  machinery  in  their  woolen  mill, 
which will  require  an  additional  force 
of  200.

Muskegon—The  Muskegon  Shingle & 
Lumber Co.’s mill began  operations Oct. 
28, and  will  run  the  remainder  of  the 
season.

Hart—John  Moore,  whose  sawmill in 
Elbridge township  recently  burned,  has 
bought the B.  Moore mill aud is  fitting it 
up for business.

Detroit—John Clee, of  the Star Miner­
al Co., operating here  and  at Wyandotte 
asks that a receiver be appointed and the 
company dissolved.

Au Sable—It is intimated that the mill 
of H. M.  Loud  &  Sons  will  be  kept  in 
operation during the winter months, saw­
ing hardwood lumber.

Detroit—The  Ontario  Mining  Co.  of 
Boston,  in  which  Hoyt  Post  own  200 
shares,  has  been  incorporated  with  a 
capital stock ef  8350,000.

Lowell—Frank  D.  Tarleton  has  sold 
his creamery to J.  O.  Chapin,  who  will 
operate the establishment  all  winter,  be­
ginning operations Nov.  1.

Chippewa Lake—Wm.  Maynard’s saw­
mill and lumber yard has been destroyed 
by fire.  Loss about 87,500; no insurance. 
Mr. Maynard will rebuild at once.

Hastings—Bentley  Bros.  &  Wilkins 
have secured the  contract  for the  build­
ing of  the whip factory.  The work  will 
be completed in about three weeks.

Saginaw—S. S.  Wilhelm  will  build  a 
small mill in  town  21,  range 1, west, in 
Ogemaw county, for the purpose of man­
ufacturing 15,000,000 feet of  timber.

Detroit—Edw.  Huebner,  Jr.,  has  re­
tired  from the Huebner Mfg. Co., manu­
facturing sash, doors  and  blinds.  The 
remaining  partners  continue  the  busi­
ness under the same style.

Alpena—J. M.  Johnson will tear down 
his old grist mill, move the machinery to 
Atlanta, Montmorency county,  and build 
here  a  stone  mill  with  roller  process 
plant,  having a capacity of  fifty barrels 
a day.

Bay City—Rust Bros.  & Co.  will cut at 
their two mills about the  same  quantity 
of lumber as  last  season,  when the out­
put reached 29,330,000 feet, and they will 
put  in  a  full  stock  of logs the coming 
winter.

Marcellus—The full amount  has  been 
subscribed for the new flouring mill,  and
100.000  brick  have  been  engaged  from 
Lambert & Milliman.  The  mill  will be 
built  in  early  spring,  having a capacity 
of 100 barrels a day.

Gladwin—J. H.  Baker, who runs a saw 
and  shingle  mill about  six  miles  from 
this  village,  lately  sold  500,000  feet  of 
basswood,  delivered on  cars,  at  818  for 
first and  seconds, 813  for  common,  and 
87 for shipping  culls.

Bear Lake—Hopkins & Bunton,  whose 
sawmill was burned a few days ago, have, 
on the old  site,  began a  new mill on  an 
enlarged  scale,  to  have  a  capacity  of
59.000  feet  and  to  be  ready  by  next 
March.  Hemlock and  hardwood  will  be 
sawed.

Bay City—A  local  operator  expresses 
the opinion that  there will  be  but  little 
margin on lumber this  year in  the cargo 
market,  when  the  balance  is  drawn  at 
the  close  of  the  year,  particularly  for 
small operators.  Stumpage is  high, and 
the cost of lumbering will leave little for 
the small fry.

Big Rapids—J.  Stillwell & Son uttered 
a chattel mortgage for 83,000  in favor  of 
Wm. Yan Loo and the Northern National 
Bank, to secure them for money borrowed, 
and the  following  day  their  stock  was 
seized  on  an  attachment  for  $413.15, 
issued  at  the  instance  of  the  Crescent 
Furniture Manufacturing Co.

West Bay City—The Eddy Transporta­
tion Co. has contracted  for  the  building 
of a monstrous schooner by F. W. Wheeler 
& Co.  The new boat will be 240 feet long, 
39 feet beam, and 19  feet  depth of  hold, 
It will  take  about  600,000  feet  of  oak. 
board measure, to complete her.  She will 
tow behind the  steambarge C. A. Eddy.

East Saginaw—Some months ago L.  D. 
Sanborn purchased of Sibley &Bearinger
50.000.  000 feet of  pine  on  the  Au  Gres 
river for $325,000.  The  timber is tribu­
tary to the Loon  Lake branch of the De­
troit, Bay City & Alpena Railway.  Mr. 
Sanborn has  built  two  miles and a half 
of logging railroad  and  has  commenced 
cutting the timber.  He  proposes  to  cut
25.000.  000 feet this winter and next sum­
mer, and will begin  shipping the logs by 
rail to Saginaw  this  week.  The  entire
50.000.  000 feet will be railed to  the  mill 
of Green, Ring & Co. here.

Grayling—Sailing,  Hanson  &  Co.  re­
cently purchased what  is  known  as  the 
Bagley mill property,  at  Bagley,  on  the 
Mackinaw division of  the Michigan Cen­
tral, owned by H. Mellen, of Romeo.  The 
mill has  a  capacity  of  about  5,000,000, 
and the purchasers will  remove  it  next 
spring to a point  in  Charlton  township, 
Otsego  county,  on  the  Bagley  Branch 
railroad,  where  they  own  6,000  acres 
which is estimated to  contain  50,000,000 
feet  of  timber,  principally  hardwood. 
The new mill of this firm,  at  this  place, 
has cut about 25,000,000  feet this season.

ducing points  in  Michigan, over 10,000,- 
000  feet  is  now  railed  to  this  city  to 
supply a planing mill and the local trade.
Hermansville — This  town,  which  is 
owned principally by Hon. C. J. L.  Myer 
and is named after his youngest son, Her­
man, is having  something of a boom just 
now.  Mr.  Meyer  has  invested  about 
$200,000 here  this  season  in  improving 
his sawmill  plant,  and  expects to build 
200 houses  for  his  men  this  winter, in 
addition  to  the  seventy-five  built  this 
summer.  His hardwood mill is now turn­
ing out 10,000 feet of flooring and  if  the 
output  were  30,000  feet  it  would  find 
ready sale.
Interview  with the  State  Bank  Com­
State  Bank  Commissioner  Sberwodd 
was  in  the  city last  Tuesday  and  was 
seen by a reporter of  T h e  T r a d e sm a n. 
When asked how  the  state  and  savings 
banks were  disposed to regard  the  new 
law, Mr.  Sherwood  stated that,  so far as 
he  could  judge  by the  attitude  of  the 
bankers,  the  law  was  well  regarded— 
that the  only regret  appeared to be that 
such a measure  was  not  put into  effect 
years ago.

missioner.

“Will  you  have  any  amendments  to 
the law to suggest at the  next session of 
the Legislature?”  asked the reporter.

“Yes,”  replied the Commissioner.  “I 
shall  urgently recommend  that  all  pri­
vate banks be placed  under  the  control 
of  the  department,  to the end  that  all 
financial  depositories  may have  the  at­
tention of proper inspecting and examin­
ing officers—either state or national.  Such 
an  amendment  would  impel  many pri­
vate banks  to  become  incorporated, es­
pecially  if 
the  capital  stock  required 
in towns  of  1,000  population  or  under 
was placed at  $15,000 and the number of 
directors required reduced to three.”

“Will  you also recommend placing the 
building and loan associations  under the 
control of the department ?”

“Such should be done, unquestionably; 
but I do not feel like advising it,  just at 
present.  The  people  would  probably 
not favor  such a move  now,  as we have 
never had a failure  among  any of  these 
associations,  but as soon as  a  crash  oc­
curs,  a  sentiment  will  undoubtedly de­
velop in favor of  state supervision.”

“Is the business  of  the state banks in 

a satisfactory condition ?”

“Generally speaking, yes.  While there 
are some notable exceptions,  the  banks, 
as a rule,  are doing a safe  business  and 
making money.  My clerk  met me at the 
depot as I passed  through  Lansing  this 
morning and  informed  me  that  a  com­
pilation he had  just  completed from the 
October  reports  showed  that  the  fifty- 
eight savings banks of the State had only 
a  fraction  less  than  98,000  depositors. 
This I  consider  an  exceptional  record, 
considering the  comparative  newness of 
the State and the comparative scarcity of 
savings banks.”

Purely  Personal.

Fred Ball  spent  Sunday  with  friends 

in Detroit.

Dr. H. C. Peckham,  the  Freeport drug­

gist,  was in town Saturday.

J. L. Handy, the  Boyne  City druggist, 
was in town several days last week,  buy­
ing winter goods.

Miss  Eva  Spencer,  sister  of  G.  A. 
Spencer, the Peach  Belt  general  dealer, 
was in town on Monday.

Chas. Kernan, buyer for  the  Converse 
Manufacturing  Co., of  Newaygo,  was  in 
town one day last  week.
H.  E. Hogan, the South Boardman gener­
al dealer, was in town three or  four days 
last week, buying winter goods.

Ashley & Bennett, the  new  dry  goods 
dealers at Howard City, were represented 
in this market one day last week.

W. N. Hutchinson, the  Ashland furni­
ture and  hardware  dealer,  was  in  town 
last week undergoing treatment for rheu­
matism.

Dr. Chas.  S.  Hazeltine and  wife  spent 
Sunday  with  Capt.  Perkins,  at  Hender­
son, Ky.  They  expect  to  return home 
Thursday.

Jno. B. Beavis, of the firm  of  Jno.  B. 
Beavis  & Co.,  hardwood  lumber  manu­
facturers  near  Hart,  was  in  town  last 
Saturday  on  his  way to Chicago, where 
he expects to spend a couple of  weeks.
Wm. Widdicomb and wife have returned 
from  a three  weeks’ sojourn  at  Gettys­
burg, Fredericksburg  and  Fortress Mon­
roe,  reviving  memories of  wartime and 
recalling the  incidents of  a quarter of  a 
century  ago.  Mr. Widdicomb  was  able 
to  locate  the  positions of  his  company 
and  regiment  in  the  three  days’  battle 
at Fredericksburg,  an opportunity which 
afforded his great pleasure.

The  “ Patrons of Toil.”

A division has  already occurred in the 
ranks of  the Patrons of Industry, several 
of the  old-time  organizers of  the  move­
ment having branched  out on  their  own 
hook  with  a  scheme  which  they  call 
“ Patrons of Toil.”  It is understood that 
the  organic  work of  the  new  scheme is 
very similar to the old  swindle,  the only 
difference being that the charter fees and 
per capita dues  go to  another set of  fel­
lows than the Port Huron sharpers.

P.  of  I.  Gossip.

P. I. is now construed  to  mean  “Per­

Up around Pierson they call the P.  L’s 

fect  Idiot.”

“Pink I’s.”

Over around Port Huron they construe 

P. I. to stand for “Peak at Invoice.”

Big  Rapids  Herald:  “ A  little  fracas 
occurred the other day in front of Haney’s 
store,  between  two  young  P.  of  I.’s. 
After a  few  knocks,  the pair were  sepa­
rated without having done much damage 
to each other.”
A  Mecosta 

correspondent  writes: 
“ Parks Bros, have  not been accepted by 
the Patrons  of  Industry of  this place as 
hardware  merchants.  J. Netzorg  is  en­
deavoring  to  capture  the  P.  I.  trade  in 
this vicinity  by  selling  for  10 per  cent, 
profit.”

Stan wood  correspondence  Big  Rapids 
Current  (which  paper  pronounces  in 
favor of the P. of 1.):  “The initiation P. I. 
dance at the hotel  last  Friday night was 
a  grand  affair,  as  far  as  whisky  and 
fights  were  concerned.  We  think  the 
authorities had better investigate.”

Hilliards correspondence Allegan Jour­
nal:  “ Patrons of  Industry are  trying to 
form a  branch here, with  but  little  suc­
cess as yet. 
It  is  a  matter  that  all will 
do well  to  weigh  well  before  stepping 
into it,  as the old adage might apply here 
in  a  number  of  cases,  ‘a  fool  and  his 
money is soon parted.’ ”

East  Fork  correspondence  Evart  Re­
view:  “An  apostle  of  the  P. of  I.  held 
two  meetings at  the  Sage  school  house 
last wreek, but got only six to bite  on  the 
golden bate held  out  by  him of  only  10 
per  cent.  His  harangue  was  seasoned 
too  much with  Anarchist  Hay  Market 
slang and denunciation  to  suit the  mas­
ses here.”

Referring  to  the  recent  gathering  of 
the clans at  Big  Rapids,  the  Herald  re­
marks :  “ There  seemed to be  no  head 
to the  gathering,  and  the  expected  big 
parade,  through  some  blunder,  made  a 
very poor show, by some being  taken for 
a  fair  sized  delegation.  There  were 
enough teams and  vehicles in  town then 
to have made  quite an  imposing  gather­
ing.”

Palo  correspondence  Ionia  Standard: 
“ TheP. of  L’s are  running in full blast 
in  Bloomer.  Their  motto  is  * Cash for 
goods,’ but the other  night the secretary 
of  the  societj  came  to  one of  our  Palo 
dealers and wanted to get  trusted for oil 
to  light  their  hall  with.  The  dealer 
thought it a good  plan for  them to  seek 
credit where  they pay  their  cash.  The 
secretary went out with  probably a little 
more light in  his  heart,  but none for his 
lamps.”

Big  Rapids  Bulletin:  “ The  P.  of  I. 
convention transacted  no other  business 
than already mentioned.  The same trad­
ing committees were continued  in  force, 
and  instructions  given  to  again  invite 
and consider  propositions  from  certain 
merchants  to  sell  goods  at 10  per  cent, 
above  wholesale  cost. 
It  cropped  out 
that many of  the Patrons are dissatisfied 
with the present president, and will insist 
on Wm.  Ladner being put at  the head of 
the county organization.”

Dorr correspondence  Allegan Journal: 
“ There have been one or two men around 
among the farmers east  and southeast of 
here  trying  to  organize  a  lodge  of  the 
Patrons  of  Industry. 
It  is  certainly  a 
poor move  for  those who  join,  and  they 
will  certainly  find  it  so.  The  scheme 
ranks  with  the  lightning  rod  and  Bo­
hemian  oat  schemes.  Anyone  wishing 
to know the inwardness of  the game and 
where the Grand Lodge dues go to, should 
read  T h e  Mic h ig a n   T r a d e sm a n  for 
September  and  October.  They^can  see 
how three men are  getting vast sums out 
of  hard-earned cash of  the  farmers,  and 
what the past record  of  these  three men 
is.  We see  no permanent  benefit to  the 
farmer in  this  movement. 
It only  com­
pels him to  trade  with  one  merchant in 
a place and thus drives out all others and 
this leaves the P. of  I. merchant with the 
whole  trade  in  bis  power.  He  can 
then, by duplicate  invoices,  etc.,  fill his 
coffers  far  faster  than  when  there  is 
plenty of  free competition.”

The P.  &  B.  cough  drops  give  great 

satisfaction.

American butter carried off  the honors 
at  the  Paris  exposition.  The  sweep- 
stakes  gold  medal  for  the  best  butter 
was awarded to an exhibit from the Green 
Mountain Stock Farm at Randolph, Vt.

Galitaniiefl Iron  Cornice, 

Plilmtinfl i Heating Work.
Pumps,  Pipes,  Etc.,  Mantels 

Dealers  in

and  Grates.

W eatherly  &  Pulte,

GRAND  RAPIDS, 

- 

- 

MICH.

STRAY FACTS.

Flint—Although  this  place  was  once 
one of  the  most  important  lumber pro­

L. M.  Mills will extend  his Lake shore 
trip to Bear Lake,  Onekama  and Frank­
fort. hereafter.

F O R   S A L E .

Portable  Sawmill  with  Engine  and 
Boiler, capacity 5,000 to  10,000  feet  per 
day,  8600.  One  stationary  boiler  and 
engine, 30 horse  power,  $600.  One  set 
Stearns’  eccentric  head  blocks  with 
winged  knees,  $100;  or with both  wing 
and  single  standard  knees, $150.  One 
top saw rig,  adjustible,  $25.  All  of  the 
above in good condition  and  offered  for 
sale for  want  of  use,  not  because they 
are worn out.  Terms, cash,  or time with 
good  security.  Address  No.  527,  care 
Michigan Tradesman. 

527

586

F. A, Wilrihdrg  &  Go,,

lCxclusive  Jobbers of

DRY  GOODS, HOSIERY, 

NOTIONS, UNDERWEAR,

|

19  &  91  SOUTH  DIVISION  ST.,

GRAND  RAPIDS, 

-  MIGH.

FOR SALE,  WANTED,  ETC.

A dvertisem ents w ill be inserted  u nder  th is  head for 
tw o  cents  a   word  th e   first  insertion  and  one cent a  
word  fo r  each  subsequent  insertion.  No  advertise­
m ent tak en  fo r less th an  85 cents.  Advance  paym ent.

BUSINESS  CHANCES.

F o r   s a l e —a n  in t e r e s t   in   s h o e   s t o r e —o r

will jo in  stocks w ith a  good shoe  m an;  old  estab­
lished  business  and  best  location  in  city.  Address 
“ Shoes,” care Tradesm an, G rand Rapids, Mich. 
584 
p i  ASH  AND  FINE  PROPERTY  FOR  GOOD  MERCAN- 
V_y  tile  establishm ent.  C. E. Barnd,  F ostoria, Ohio.
585

o th er business.  C. L. B rundage, Muskegon  Mich.

gan, doing good business;  in ventory about $2,2oO; 
satisfacto ry   reasons  fo r  selling.  Address  No.  583. 
care  M ichigan Tradesm an. 

583
in   t h e
city  of M uskegon a t 75 cents on th e do llar; reasons 

FOR SALE—DRUG STOCK  IN  NORTHERN  MICHI- 
Fo r   s a l e —t h e   f in e s t   d r u g   s t o r e  
F o r   s a l e —a   g o o d   g r o c e r y   b u s in e s s  h a v in g

th e  cream  of th e trad e;  best  location  in  th e  city; 
stock clean and well assorted; th is is a  ra re  chance for 
an y  one to g et a  good  pay in g   business;  poor  h ealth  
th e  only reason.  Address  S. Stern,  K alam azoo,  Mich. 
, 

_____________________________ | ________518

w ithout store building;  an excellent  chance  f o r a  
wide-awake  p a rty ;  good  reasons  given  fo r  selling. 
Address a t once Box 99,  Fowler, Mich.____________516

Fo r   s a l e —s t o c k   o f   h a r d w a r e —w it h   o r
WANTED—MERCANTILE BUSINESS  IN  EXCHANGE 

fo r cash and prim e property.  C.  G.  Barnd,  Fos- 
to n a , Ohio. 

580

OR  S \L E — DRUG 8 TORE AND STOCK SITUATED IN 
a  lum bering tow n;  go id farm in g   country around, 
a  v ery desirable place fo r a  good physician.  Address 
Box 448, Alpena, Mich. 

Fo r  s a l e - g r o c e r y   s t o c k   in   g o o d  l o c a t io n

W ill inventory  $700  to  $800  and doing a  business 

of ab o u t $13,000.  Address No. 508, care Tradesm an. 
________________  

509

508

MISCELLANEOUS.

Fo r   s a l e —d r a f t   t e a m   5  y e a r s   o l d  — d a r k

g ray ;  well m atched;  w eight 3,100pounds.  Address 

M. W. W illard, Kinney. Mich. 

588

ANTED—TO  EXCHANGE  KANSAS  LANDS  AND 
real estate fo r a  stock of  groceries  and  general 
m erchandise.  Address No. 517, care  M ichigan  Trades 
m an. 

WANTED—SEND  A  POSTAL  TO THE SUTLIFF COU- 

pon P ass Book Co.,  A lbany,  N.  Y., fo r  sam ples 
of th e new  Excelsior  Pass  Book,  th e   m ost  com plete 
and finest  on th e  m ark et  and  ju st  w hat  every m er­
ch an t should have  progressive m erchants a ll over the 
country a re  now using them . 

517

437

ANTED—1,000 MORE MERCHANTS TO ADOPT OUR 
Im proved Coupon  Pass  Book System .  Send for 

sam ples.  E. A. Stowe &  Bro., G rand Rapids. 

OR  SALE—GOOD  RESIDENCE  LOT  ON  ONE  OF 
th e  m ost p leasan t streets “ on  th e   hill.”  W ill ex­
change for stock in an y  good in stitu tio n .  Address 286, 
care M ichigan Tradesm an. 

886

814 

P R E S S   F O R   S A L E .
A 7x11  Prouty  press,  with  steam fix­
tures, good as  new, for sale at a bargain. 
Call on or address

FULLER  &  STOWE  COMPANY,

100  Louis  St.,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.

P.  Steketee  &  Sons,
S ell  th e   fo llo w in g   w e ll- k n o w n  

W H O L E S A L E   D R Y   G O O D S.

b ra n d s   of  calico:
AMERICANS, 
WINDSORS, 
STEEL  RIYER, 
ANCHOR,

SIMPSON’S, 
MERRIMAC, 
ST.  LEDGER, 
FRANKLIN,

ALLEN’S, 
WASHINGTON’S, 
RIVERPOINT, 
CHARTER  OAK,

HAMILTON’S,
COCHECO,
EDYSTONE,
HARMONY,

IMPERIAL BLACK, 

BERLIN  SOLIDS, 

SLATER  SOLIDS,

COCHECO SOLIDS, SUTAN SOLIDS, SATIN STYLES OF SIMPSON & GARNER. 

Also  Comforts at All  Prices.

8 3   M o n r o e   a n d   lO,  1 2 ,1 4 ,1 0  & 18 F o u n ta in  S ts. 

Grand.  R apids•

IF  YOU  WANT

ACCEPT  NONE  BUT

The Best

Sta  Tirai

Sauerkraut•

Order  this  brand  from 

your wholesale grocer.

L I O N
COFFEE

M e rc h a n ts ,

Y O U   W A N T   T H IS  C A B IN E T

T h o u s a n d s   o f  T h e m

Are in use all over the land. 
It  does  away  with  the  unsightly barrels so 
often  seen  on  the  floor  of  the  average  grocer.  Beautifully grained and 
varnished  and  put  together  in  the  best  possible  manner. 
Inside each 
cabinet will be found one complete set of castors with screws.

Every  Wide-Awake  Merchant

Should  Certainly  Sell

LION, THE  KING  OF  G0FFEE8.

An  Article  of Absolute  Merit.

It is fast  supplanting  the  scores  of  inferior  roasted coffees. 

only in one pound packages. 
120  one-pound  packages. 
Shipping depots in all first-class cities in the United States.

Packed 
Put  up  in  100-lb  cases,  also  in cabinets of 
For  sale  by  the  wholesale  trade  everywhere. 

W oolson  Spice  Co.,

T O L E D O ,  O H IO .

L. WINTERNITZ, Resident Agent, Grand Rapids.

ASSOCIATION DEPARTMENT.

Michigan  Business Men’s  Association. 

President-C. h. Whitney. Muskegon 
First Vice-President-C. T. Bndgeman,  Flint.
Second Vice-President—M. C. Sherwood, Allegan. 
Secretary—E. A. Stowe, Grand Rapids.
£ S S B i t t S S a S 0« *   wens  Lansing; 
Frank  Hamilton, Traverse City;  N. B. Blaln, Loweu 
Chas.  T.  Bridgeman,  Flint;  O.  F.  Conklin, Grand
Ck^mitte^o^lnsorance—O.  F.  Conklin.  Grand  Rap 
Committee  on  Legislation—Frank  Wells,  Lansing;

ids-  Oren  Stone, Flint;  Wm. Woodard, Owosso. 

erse City:  Geo.  R.  Hoyt,  Saginaw;  L.  W.  Sprague.
CtonSitteeon T r a n s p o r t a t i o n - ^ ^ .  Bridgeman,Jjlnt;
M. C. Sherwood. Allegan;  A. O. Wheeler,  manisuee. 
Committee on Building  and  Loan  ^ , “ i‘ tloF T  
Blain, Lowell;  F. L. Fuller, Cedar Springs;  P. J. Con 
nell. Muskegea. 

_ 
Local Secretary—Jas. H. Moore, l
Official Organ—The Michigan Tradesman._____ _____
The following auxiliary  associations are oper­
ating under charters  granted  by  the  Michigan 
Business Men’s Association-

_ 

.

H e.  1—T ra v erse C ity  B . M . A . 

N o . 2—L o w e ll  B. M . A .
N o. 3—S tu r g is B . M. A .

President. J. W. Milliken; Secretary, E. W. Hastings.
"  
P re s id e n t, N. B. Plain; Secretary. Frank T. King.
President. H. S. Church; Secretary, Wm. Jora.--------
" 
President. E. J. Herrick; Secretary, E. A. Stowe.------
----------- N o  5 —M u sk eg o n  B .  M . A .
President, John A. M iller;  Secretary. C. L. Whitney.
No. 6—Alba B. M. A.

N o.  4 —B ra n d   R a p id s  M .  A .

P resident. F. W. S loat: Secretary, P. T. Baldwin.----------
-------  No. 7—Dimondale B. M. A.
President. T. M. Sloan; Secretary , N. H. W idger.----------
._
" 
No. 8—Eastport B. M. A. 
President, F. H. T hnrsten ; Secretary, Geo. L. Thurston. 
No. 9—Lawrence B. M. A.

President, H. M. Marsh all; S ecretary, J. H. Kelly.-------
------ "(to. lO—Harbor Springs B. M. A.
President, W. J. C lark; Secretary . A. L. Thom pson
N o  11—K in g sle y  B . M . A .
President, H. P. Whinple: Secretary. P. E.  Wynkoop.
-----------  N o.  12—Q u in cy   B . M . A .
President. C. McKay; Secretary,Thos. Lennon.---------- .
-------------- N o.  13—Sherman B . >1. A .
President, H.B. 8turtevant;  Secretary, W.  J. Anstm.
------- '  N o.  14—N o.  M u sk egon   B . M. A .
President. 8. A. Howey; Secretary, G. C. Havens.------- .
-------------N o.  15—B o y n e  C ity  B. M . A .
President. R. R. Perkins; Secretary, F. M. Chase.---------
------------- N o.  16—Sand L a k e  B . M.  A .
President, J. V. nrendaU:  Secretary, W. Rasco
No.  17—P la in w e ll B . M .A .
No  18—Owosso B. M, A.
No.  19—Ada B. M. A.

President. Geo 
’ 
President, W arren P. W oodard; Secretary,S. L am from.
---------- 
P resident, D. F. W atson; Secretary, E. E. Chapel.--------

Anderson: S ecretary. J. A. Sidle»

___ ____I------

President,  John F. H enry; S ecretary, N. L. Rowe.

N o.  ISO—s a u g a t u c k   B . M . A . 
"  N o. 21—W ay la n d   B . M. A . 
N o. 3 3 -G r a n d   L ed g e B . M . A .
jj0  <}3—C arson C ity  B . M. A .

President, C. H. Wharton; Secretary, M. V. Hoyt-_
P resident, A. B. Schum acher; Secretary , W.  R.  Clarke.

President. John W. Hallett:  Secretary. L. A. Lyon.-----
“  
P resident. J. E. T hurkow ;  S ecretary. W. H. Richmond.

N o. 3 4 —M orley  B .  M . A .

President, H. D. Pew; Secretary, Chaa. B. Johnson.------

N o. 2 5 —P a lo  B . M . A .

" 
N o. 2 6 —C ireen vilie  B. M . A .

C. 8 atterlee:  S ecretary. E. J. C lara.
N o  « 7 —D o rr  B . M .  A . 

P resident. A,
President, E. S. Botsford; Secretary, L. N. Fisher.
President. A. J. Paddock;  Secretary, H. G. Poser.

N o. 38—C h eb o y g a n  B . M . A  
N o. 3 9 —F r e e p o r t B . M.

- 

President, W. G. Barnes;  Secretary, J.B. Watson.

P resident, W m. Moore;  S ecretary, A. J .  Cheesebrough.
------------ -  N o. 3 0 —O cean a B . M . A .
President. A. G. Avery;  Secretary, E. 3. Honghtallng.
N o. 3 1 —C h a rlo tte  B . M . A .
President, Thos. J. Green; Secretary, A. G. Fleury.------
N o. 3 2 —Coopersville B . M .A . 
No. 33—Charlevoix B. M. A. 
N o. 34—Saranac B. M. A.
No. 35—Bellaire  B. M. A.
N o. 36—Ith a c a   B .  M . A ,

President, L.  D.  Bartholomew;  Secretary. R- W. Kane, 
President, H. T. Johnson;  Secretary, P. T. Williams;—  
_ 
President. H. M. Hemstreet; Secretary,C. E. Densmore 
Pre8ident, O. F. Jackson S ecretary. John  M. Everden.
President, Chas. F. Bock;  Secretary,  E. W, Moore.
N o . 3 8 —S c o ttv ille  B .  S L A  
President, H. E. Symons; Secretary, P. W. Higgins.
N o. 3 9  —B u r r  O ak B . M . A . 
President, W. S. Wilier; Secretary,  F. W. Sheldon. 
N o. 40—E a to n  R a p id s B . M . A .
~ 
President, C. T. Hartson; Secretary, Will Emmert.
No. 4 1—Breckenridge  B. M. A. 
President, C  H. Howd;  Secretary, L. Waggoner.
President, Jos. Gerber; Secretary  C. J. Rathbun.
President. Frank J. Luick;  Secretary, J. A. Lindstrom.

N o. 4 3 —F r e m o n t B . M.  A .
N o. 4 3 —T u stin  B . M.  A .

N o. 3 7 —B a ttle  C reek  B .M . A . 

-Reed City B. M.. A.
N o. 44-  ________ „
N o. 45—H o y tv ille   B . M.  A . 

President. E. B. Martin; Secretary, W. H. Smith.
President, D. E. Haiienheck; Secretary, O. A. Halladay

‘ 

■ 

No. 46—Leslie B. M. A. 
N o.  4 7 —F lin t  M.  U.

President, Wm. Hutchins; Secretary. B. M. Gould. _
“ 
President, W. C. Pierce;  Secretary, W. H. Graham.
N o. 4 8 —H u b b a rd sto n  B . M. A . 
President, Bovd Redner; Secretary, W. J. Tabor.

”

President,  A

No. 49—Leroy  B  M. A.
W enzell; Secretary, F rank Smith.
No. 50—Manistee B. M. A.

President, A. O. W heeler; Secretary,C.  Grannis-  __
-   No. 51—Cedar Springs  B. M. A.
President, L. M. Sellers; Secretary, W. C. Congdon.
No. 53—Grand Haven B. M. A. 

President, A. 8. Kedzle;  Secretary, F. D. Vos.________
' 
P resident, F ran k  Phelps;  Secretary, A. E. Fitzgerald.

No, 53—Bellevue B. M. A.
No. 54—Douglas B. M.A,

P resident, Wm. G. Tefft; Secretary. E. B. Lapham .

President, Thom as B. D utcher; Secretary, C. B. W aller,
^ ^ ^ N o .   55—Fetoskey B. M. A. 
P resident, C. F. H ankey ; Secretary, A. C. Bowman.
N o. 5 6 —B a n g o r  B .  M .  A . 
President, N. W. D rake;  Secretary, Geo. Chapman.
No. 57—Rockford  B. M. A. 
No. 58—Fife Lake B. M. A. 
No. 59—Fennville B. M. A.

N o.  61—H a rtfo rd   B . M . A. 
No. 63—East ?.aginaw M.A.

P resident, L. S. W alter; Secretary .C.S  Blakely.
President F. S. Raym ond: Secretary, A. J. Capen.
No. 60—South Boardman B. M. A. 
President, H. E. H ogan; Secretary, S. E. Melhardt.
President, V. E. Manley; Secretary, I. B. Barnes.
— 
President, Jas. H  .Moore;  Secretary, C. W.  Mnlholand, 
No. 63—Kvart B. M. A.
President, C. V. Priest; Secretary , C. E. Bell.
No, 64—Morrill B. M. A. 
P resident, C. W. R obertson; S ecretary, W m. Horton.
No. 65—Kalkaska B. M. A. 
No. 66—Lansing B. M.  A. 
N o . 6 7 —W a te r v lie t  B . M . A  
No. 68—Allegan B. M. A. 

President, W. L. G arrett; Secretary, F.  H.  M emfleld,

President. F rank W ells; Secretary, Chas. Cowles.

President. Alf. G. D rake; Secretary, 0 . S. Blom.

P resident. H. H.  Pope;  Secretary. E. T. VanOstrand.

No. 69—Scotts and Climax B. M. A. 
President, L ym an C lark; Secretary, F. 8. Williaon.

President, Wm. Boston;  Secretary, W alte r W ebster.

No. 70—Nashville B. M. A, 
No. 71—Ashley  B.  M. A,
P resident, M. Netzorg;  Secretary,  Geo. E. Clntterbnck.
No. 73—Ed in ore B. M. A._________
No, 73—Belding B. M. A.
>o. 74—Davison M. U.

“ 
President, A. L. Spencer; Secretary, O. F. W ebster. 
" 
P resident, J.  F. C artw right; Secretary. C. W. H urd.

President, Oscar P. Bills;  Secretary, F. Rosacrans.

No. 75—Tecumseh  B.  M. A. 
No. 76—Kalamazoo B. M. A. 
No.  77—South  Haven B. M.  A. 

President, 8. S.McCamly;  S ecretary,  Chaoncey Strong.

P resident, E. J. Lockwood; S ecretary, Volney Ross.

No. 78—Caledonia B. M. A. 

President, J. O. Seibert;  Secretary, J. W. Saunders.
No. 79—East Jordan and So.  Arm  B. M. A 
P resident, Chas. F. Dixon;  Secretary, L. C. Madison. 
No. 80—Bay City and W. Bay  City  R. M, A. 
P resident,F . L. H arrison;  Secretary. Lee E. Josiyn.

President,B . S. W ebb;  Secreta ry , M. E  Pollasky.

President. L. A. Vickery;  S ecretary, A. E. Ransom.

No. 81—Flushing B.  M. A.
No. 83—Alma  B  M.  A.
No. 83—Sherwood B. M. A.
No. 84—Standish B. M. A.
No. 85—Clio B. M.A.  „

President. L. P. W ilcox;  S ecretary. W. R. M andigo.

President. P. M. Angus; Secretary, D. W. Richardson. 

President. J. M. Beem an;  S ecretary, C. H. May._______
No. 86—MUlbrook and Blanchard B. M. A. 
P resident. T. W. Preston;  S ecretary.  H.  P.  B lanchard.

No. 87—ShepherdjB. M. A. 
P resident, H. D. B ent;  Secretary, A. W. H urst.

FOSTER,  STEVENS  <6  C O .,

GRAND  RAPIDS,  MICH.

SOLD  BY

Write  for Circular.

H A R D W A R E .

P r ic e s   C u rren t.

AUGURS AND BITS. 

These  prices are  for cash buyers,  who 
pay promptly  and  buy in  full  packages.
dis.
Ives’, old style  ........................... _•...............  
60
60
Snell’s........................................... - ,.............. 
Cook’s ..•••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 
40
Jennings’, genuine.......................................  
25
Jennings’,  im itation....................................5U<siu
First Quality, S. B. Bronze...........................* 7 00
D.  B. Bronze............................   11  00
  8  50
S. B. 8. Steel........................... 
D. B. Steel.................................  13 00

“ 
“ 
“ 

AXES.

Railroad........................................................... 14 00
net  30 00 
Garden......................................... .

BARROWS. 

BOLTS.

MOLASSES  GATES. 

d ig .
Stebbin’s Pattern........................................... 60*10
Stebbin’s Genuine.............  
60*10
Enterprise, self-measuring...........................  
25

NAILS
Advance above 12d nails.

PENCE  AND  BRADS.

PIN E BLUED.

50d to 60d...
lOd..............
8d and 9d... 
6 d  and 7d... 
4d and 5d...
3d................
2d................

25 
10 
25 
40 
60 
1  00 
1  50
1  00
1  50
2 00
12d to 30d
50
60
lOd...........
8d to 9d 
75
6d to 7d...
90
4d to 5d...........................................................  1  10
3d..........
inch.

CASETNG AND  BOX.

COMMON BARREL.

d lS .

dis.

........50&10
........ 
75
........40*10
70
........  

Stove..................
Carriage new list.
Plow.....................
Sleigh shoe........

CAPS.

BLOCKS.

CRADLES.

CROW  BARS.

BUTTS,  CAST.

.1 3 50 
Well,  plain.................................. .
.  4 00 
Well, swivel......................................
dis.
Cast Loose Pin, figured..........  ................... 70&
Wrought Narrow, bright 5ast joint...............60&10
Wrought Loose Pin........................................ 60&10
Wrought  Table.............................................. 60&J0
Wrought Inside Blind................................... b0<sio
75 
Wrought Brass.................................
..7Ö&10 
Blind,  Clark’s...................................
. .70&10 
Blind,  Parker’s.................................
TO
Blind, Shepard’s ..............................
Ordinary Tackle, list April 17, ’85...
40
Grain......................................................die. 50&02
454
Cast Steel..............................................P®r
65
Ely’s 1-10..............................................per m
60
Hick’s C. F ...........................................
35
G. .........................................................  
„
60
Musket.................................................
50
Rim Fire, U. M.  C. & Winchester new list..
50
Rim Fire, United States........................... dis.
Central  Fire.............................................dis.
Socket Firm er................................................ 7®&10
Socket Framing...............................................
Socket Corner..................................................¿o&io
Socket Slicks.................................................
Butchers’ Tanged Firmer............................. 
40
Curry,  Lawrence’s ........................................40&10
  25
Hotchkiss.................................................
White Crayons, per gross.............. 12@1254 dis. 10
Planished, 14 oz cut to size........per pound 
28
14x52,14x56,14x60........................ 
26
Cold Rolled, 14x56 and 14x60........................ 
24
Cold Rolled, 14x48.........................................  
24
Bottoms
Morse’s Bit  Stocks.........................
Paper and straight Shank............................. 
Morse’s Taper Shank..................................... 

......................... 

CARTRIDGES.

c h is e l s. 

com bs. 

c o p p e r .

CHALK.

dis.

dis,

17’

d is.

“ 

40
40

d r i p p i n g  p a n s .

<HS.

dis.

07
oJa

ELBOWS.

EXPANSIVE BITS. 

p i l e s —New List. 

Small sizes, ser p ound.................................  
Large sizes, per  pound.................................  
Com. 4  piece, 6 in .............................doz. net
Corrugated........................................
Adiustable..............................................Al®- 40&10
Clark’s, small, *18; large, *26........................ 
■'
Ives’, 1, *18;  2, *24;  3, *30............................. 
25
Disston’s ........................................................ ®0*J®
New  American...............................................60«iu
Nicholson’s ...................................................
Heller’s ...........................................................
Heller’s Horse Rasps....................................
Nos.  16  to  20;  22  and  24;  26  and  26;  27
15
List 

13
GAUGES.
Stanley Rule and  Level Co.’s.
HAMMERS.
Maydole  &Co.’s .....................
25
Yerkes & Plumb’s 
Mason’s Solid Cast Steel....... ••••••— 25L Mil??
Blacksmith’s Solid Cast  Steel, H and... .30c 40&10
Gate, Clark’s, 1, 2 ,3 ......................... . • •  dls.6M:10
................................. per doz. net, 2 50
Screw Hook  and  Strap, to 12 In. 454  14 and
Screw Hook and  Eye, 54.........................neJ

longer.................................................

.........................

GALVANIZED IRON.

Discount, 60

.dis.
.dis.

HINGES.

dis.

12 

14

« 
.. 

« 
.< 

<* 
« 

3 ..........................net  754
x ..........................net  754
Strap and    ..............................................®8‘..  70
Bam Door Kidder Mfg. Co., Wood track... .50*10
Champion,  anti-friction..............................   60®lX
Kidder, wood track ......................................  
40

HANGERS. 

018.

HOLLOW WARE

 

<Hs.

HORSE NAILS.

knobs—New List. 

Gray enameled..............................................  
00
HOUSE  PURNISHING  GOODS.
Stamped  TinW are......................... new list 70*10
Japanned Tin Ware.............................  
~
Granite Iron W are......................new list 3354*10
Au Sable................................ ^ * -2 5 * 1 0 ^ 1 ^ 1 0
Northwestern.............. . 
d1®-10<%,2&5
Door, mineral, jap. trimmings..................... 
55
*>
Door,  porcelain, jap. trimmings.................. 
Door, porcelain, plated trimmings..............
Door,  porcelrain, trimmings.. ....................... 
¡»
Drawer  and  Shutter, porcelain...................  w
Russell & Irwin  Mfg. Co.’s new l i s t .................... 55
*>
Mallory, Wheeler  &  Co.’s............................. 
Branford’s ....................................................
Norwalk’s ...............  
 
80
Stanley Rule and Level  Co.’s ......................  
70
................................*16.00, dis. 60
Adze Eve 
Hunt Eye".:..:..'......................... 
• W5 00, dis.60
Hunt’s....................................... 318.50, dis. 20&10.
dis.
50
Sperry & Co.’s, Post,  handled....................... 
dlS.
Coffee, Parkers  Co.’s ............• 
40
........  
40
“  P. S. & W. Mfg.  Co.’s  Malleables.... 
“  Landers,  Ferry  & Clark’s..................  
40
“  Enterprise........................................... 
25

 
LEVELS. 
MATTOCKS.

mauls. 
MILLS. 

LO CK S— D O O R. 

UlS.

O lS.

 

2 25
1  35 
1  15 
1  90 
85 
75

dis.

CLINCH.

>4 and  1|£ inch.........................
........................
“ 
and 254 
254 and 2%  “ 
........................
3 inch..........................................
354 and 454  inch.........................
Each half keg 10 cents extra.

PLANES

PANS.

Ohio Tool Co.’s, fancy..................................40@10
Sciota  Bench.................................................  @60
Sandusky Tool  Co.’s, fancy..........................40@10
Bench, first quality........................................  @60
Stanley Rule and  Level Co.’s, wood............20*10
Fry,  Acme..............................................dis. 
60
TO
Common,  polished................................. dis. 
Iron and  Tinned........................................... 
50
Copper Rivets and Burs................................ 
50
A” Wood’s patent planished, Nos. 24 to 27  10 20 
B” Wood’s pat. planished, Nos. 25 to 27...  9 20 
Broken packs 54c per pound extra.

PATENT FLANI8HED IRON.

rivets. 

dis.

ROPES.

diS.

SQUARES. 

SHEET IRON.

Sisal, 54 inch and larger..............................   1154
Manilla..........................................................   1354
Steel and Iron................................................ 
75
Try and Bevels..............................................  
60
20
M itre.............................................................. 
Com.  Smooth.  Com.

325
3 35
All  sheets No. 18  and  lighter,  over 30  inches 

Nos. 10 to  14....................................... *4  20 
Nos. 15 to 17.......................................  4  20 
Nos.  18 to 21.......................................  4  20 
Nos. 22 to 24 ......................................   4  20 
Nos. 25 to 26...................................... 440 
No. 27 .................................................   4 60 
wide not less than 2-10 extra
List acct. 19, ’86.......................................dis. 40*10
Silver Lake, White  A.............................. list 
50
Drab A ...................... 1........  “ 
55
White  B ...............................  “ 
50
Drab B..................................  “ 
55
White C.................................  “ 
35

SAND PAPER.
SASH CORD.

“ 
“ 
“ 
“ 

*3 00
3 00
3 10
3 15

Discount, 10.

SASH WEIGHTS.

 

dis.

wire. 

saws. 

traps. 

dis.
35

Solid Eyes..............................................per ton *25
H and......................................... 25@25&5
“ 
Silver Steel  Dia. X Cuts, per foot,__  TO
“  Special Steel Dex X Cuts, per foot....  50
30 
“  Special Steel Dia. X Cuts, per foot.... 
“  Champion  and  Electric  Tooth  X
Cuts,  per  foot.............................  
28
Steel, Game.....................................................60*10
Oneida Community, Newhouse’s ............ 
TO
Oneida Community, Hawley a Norton’s .... 
Hotchkiss’...................................................... 
TO
P. S. & W.  Mfg. Co.’s ........ ..........................  
TO
Mouse,  choker.................................... 18c per doz.
Mouse, delusion................................*1.50 per doz.
dis.
Bright Market................................................  6754
Annealed Market...................................... 70*10
Coppered Market......................................   6254
Tinned Market..............................................  62X
Coppered  Spring  Steel.................................. 
50
Plain Fence........................................per pound 03
Barbed  Fence, galvanized..............................S3 45
painted.....................................2 80
Bright........................................................TO&10*10
Screw  Eyes.............................................. 70*10*10
Hook’s ...................................................... 70*10*10
Gate Hooks and Eyes...............................70*10*10
I Baxter’s Adjustable, nickeled..................... 
30
I Coe’s  Genuine..............................................  
50
Coe’s Patent Agricultural, wrought,.....................  75
I Coe’s  Patent, malleable................................ 75*10
HTariET.T.iinEnFfi. 
MISCELLANEOUS. 
50
B irdcages................................. 
Pumps, Cistern.......................................... 
75
Screws, New List.......................   
50
 
Casters, Bed  and  Plate............................50*10*10
Dampers, American....................................... 
40
Forks, hoes, rakes and all steel goods........ 
65

wire goods. 

wrenches. 

dia.
dlS.

dis.

dis.

“ 

 

 

METALS.
PIG TIN.

ZINC.

SOLDER.

Pig  Large........................................................... 26c
Pig Bars.............................................................. 28c
Duty:  Sheet, 254c per pound.
690 pound  casks..................................................614
Per pound......................................................  
654
54@54.....................................................................1«
ExtraW Iping................................................... 1354
The  prices  of  the  many  other  qualities  of 
solder m the market indicated by private brands 
vary according to composition.
ANTIMONY.
Cookson......................................... per  pound  1414
Hallett’s........................................ 
11J4
TIN—MELYN GRADE.
10x14 IC, Charcoal.............................. ...........* 6 00
6 00
14x20 IC, 
10x14 IX, 
7  75
14x20 IX, 
7  75

Each additional X on this grade, 91.75.

“ 
“ 
“ 

“ 

 
 
 

 
 
 

TIN—ALLAWAY GRADE.

10x1410,  Charcoal......................................... *o5 40
14x20 IC
10x14 IX, 
14x20 IX, 

...................................
...................................
Each additional X on this grade 91.50.

“ 
“ 

5 406

ROOFING PLATES

“ 
“ 
“ 
“ 
“ 

“  Worcester.............................   5 50
14x20 IC, 
“ 
............................  7 00
14x20 IX, 
“ 
20x28 IC, 
..........................  11  50
14x20 IC. “  Allaway  Grade.......................  4  90
6  40
“ 
14x20 IX, 
“ 
20x28 IC, 
10 50
20x28 IX, 
“ 
13 50
BOILER SIZE TIN PLATE.
14x28  IX..........................................................*12
14x31  IX ........................................................... 13
14x56 IX, for No. 8 Boilers, 1 M  „ .„ „ a  
14x60IX,  “ 

(Per pound....

“  9 

“ 
“ 
“ 

 
 
 

“ 

 
 
 

TWO  THINGS  LACKING.

Why  the Patrons  of  Industry  Cannot 

be  a  Success.
CHAPTER  VI.

To  make  the  P.  of  I.  a  success,  two 
things  are  essential — the  organization 
must attract  the  better class  of  farmers 
and the dealers who sign with the Patrons 
must live up to the spirit of the contract.
The first condition is absolutely  essen­
tial to  the  success of  the  movement,  as 
the Patrons start out with the determina­
tion to pay cash for everything they buy, 
and only the  better  class of  farmers  are 
situated  so  they can  pay cash  the  year 
round.  Such men are always favored by 
the  dealer,  because  they  are  generally 
desirable customers  and  are  entitled  to 
more  consideration  than  the  individual 
who  runs  a  long-winded  book  account, 
which he  pays with truck which  he can- 
| not  dispose of  elsewere, but  turns  over 
to his creditor as a last  resort.  This ex­
plains  why  the  better  class  of  farmers 
have not  been attracted by the ingenious 
clap-trap of  the Patrons of  Industry, but 
have steadily  declined  to identify  them­
selves  with 
the  organization,  being 
satisfied  that  they  can  obtain  better 
prices,  quality  of  goods  considered,  on 
their  own  account  than  their  deluded 
neighbors can  through  the medium  of  a 
foolish  and  impotent  organization.  At 
rare intervals a  representative farmer  is 
wheedled into  the ranks,  but such  cases 
are about as scarce as hen’s teeth.

Hard as  it .is to  find  a  representative 
farmer in the  ranks of  the P. of  I., it  is 
very much harder to find a contract dealer 
ho does as  he agrees.  Supreme Treas 
urer  Krause  admitted  to  a  reporter  of 
T h e  T r a d esm a n  that it was  next to im 
ible to  find  a  merchant  who  would 
not  swindle  the  Patrons  unmercifully 
henever he  had them  so completely  in 
is power,  and it is  a matter of  common 
knowledge that, in nine cases out of  ten 
the  Patrons  are  paying  more  for  good 
than they  ever did before.

Take  the  case  of  Henry  Strope,  at 
Morley,  for  instance :  He  purports  to 
ell goods on a basis of 10 per cent, profit 
dry goods  salesman was in the store 

few days ago, but  the customers were  so 
numerous that  he couldn’t  get  a chance 
to talk  with  the  owner, who  asked him 
to step behind the counter and wait on 
customer or two.  He did as requested and 
showed a woman some ticking.  Satisfied 
ith the quality  of  the  goods, she asked 
the price—P.  I. price, of course—and was 
told it was  14 cents  a  yard.  The  sales 
man recognized the goods  as the same he 
had  sold  the  owner  of  the  store  for 
cents a  yard.  Of  course,  there  isn’t  so 
much difference between 55 per cent,  and 
10 per cent.,  but there is enough to show 
the Patron  that when  he  thinks  he  can 
beat the merchant, at the merchant’s own 
game,  he  is  handling  the  gun  at  the 
wrong end.

Take another case in point:  A certain 

wholesale  grocery  house  sends  out 
bundle of  blank  invoices  with each  bill 
of  goods  sent  to  P.  o ft.  dealers,  thus 
enabling  the  dealer to  figure  the  “ cost 
price”  anywhere he wants to.  A farmer 
recently  entered  a  P.  of  L  store 
neighboring town and informed  the mer- 
chant that  he would  buy  five  pounds 
tea, if  he could he assured that he  got 
at 10 per cent, above cost.  The merchant 
offered to  dicker on  that  basis,  and  the 
farmer  picked  out  a  variety  which  1 
thought  would  suit  the  “ old  woman, 
The merchant went  behind his desk  and 
billed himself  a  chest of  tea at  50 cents 
a pound,  and the  farmer was not shrewd 
enough to  notice that  the ink  was  still 
green when  the bill was shown him.  He 
paid 55 cents  a  pound  and  went  out  as 
happy as a basket of  chips, telling every­
body  what  a  snap  the  P.  of  I.  is,  and 
what  an  advantage  he  gained  through 
being a member of the organization.  That 
tea cost  the  merchant  22  cents  and  his 
regular price was only 30 cents a pound !
In  the  light  of  the  above  facts,  T h e 
T r a d esm a n believes  that the movement 
of  the Port Huron  trio  will  never  be  a 
success  for  the  reasons  above  given— 
neither the membership  of  the order nor 
the contract merchants  are  composed of 
the right  material.  The  leaders  of  the 
movement are sharpers, and the followers, 
as a class,  are  ignorant  and  unsophisti­
cated.  The dealers are taking advantage 
of  their opportunity  and  fairly skinning 
the poor devils alive.

Good Words  Unsolicited.
C. L. Glasgow, hardware,  Nashville: 

good paper.  Let her keep coming.”

W. R. Clarke, attorney, Grand  Ledge:  “I like 

“It’s  a 

the paper.”

Shoes for a Family.

Father of  a Family—How much?
Shoe Dealer  (figuring on back of pack­
age)—Pair  of  shoes  for 
the  lady  $8, 
eldest  girl,  $5;  boy,  $3;  other  girl, $3 
baby, $1.50.  Just  $20.50,  sir.  Thanks, 
Can’t I  show you  some  shoes  for  your 
self?
Father of  Family  (wearily)—Oh, don’ 
bother about me.  1 can go barefoot.

Attention is called to the advertisement 
of sawmill machinery, in another column 
The machinery  is in good  condition  and 
the prices named are certainly very  low. 
The  owner  of  the  machinery  has  no 
further use for it, on account of its having 
been  supplanted by a mill of much larger 
capacity.

Not  long  since a  south to form, with Marion island, a small j Blackstone A A. 

The  Bonus  System.

“ TRAVERSE  POINT.”

»" 

indeed, 

Traverse  Bay.

The  Coming  Summer  Resort of  Grand 

From  th e Shoe and L eath er Gazette.
The principle of granting  bonuses  for 
the purpose  of  securing  manufacturing 
other business enterprises is receiving 
From  th e  T raverse City H erald.
If  there is  one thing  in  this  northern 
large  degree  of  attention  and discus­
country that our people are proud of more 
sion. 
T h e  Mic h ig a n  T r a d esm a n has 
than another,  it  is  our  beautiful  Grand 
been publishing the views of representa­
Traverse  Bay.  And, 
there  is 
tive  business  men  on  the  subject,  and 
reason  for  it.  When  a  stranger  comes 
the  weight  of  argument  is  decidedly 
north to this point, after a long, hot day’s 
against the custom.  Governor  Luce,  of 
dusty ride  in  July  or  August—through 
Michigan,  writes that “as a whole, it can 
unattractive, half-burned forests of pine, 
hardly prove a profitable  investment for 
and over a rough branch road,  and as the 
localities to  pay a bonus for the purpose 
final  whistle  blows,  and.the  conductor 
securing  manufacturing  establish­
shouts “ Traverse City !” the train sweeps 
ments,  as  the  system is liable to secure 
out of the  woods  and around the  curve, 
investments  which  cannot  prove  to  be 
and the wide expanse  of blue water with 
profitable.”  Other  opinions  are  to  the 
its  forest covered hills, of shores stretch­
effect  that  the custom is,  as a rule,  “un­
ing  out  to  the  far  horizon  line,  open 
wise,  unprofitable,  wrong  in  principle 
before him, and a breath of  pure cool air 
and encouraging to irresponsible  men  to 
from the north sweeps in at the windows, 
seek to obtain something for  nothing  by 
an  involuntary  exclamation  of  delight 
posing as public benefactors.”
and admiration bursts from his lips.  The 
The bonus system has spread  all  over 
great, clean  bright  village  at  the  head
the country. 
In  New  England  it  flour­
presents  its  charms  next,  and they  are
I__   ___ ___ a_____  
ishes  with  the  greatest  vigor;  country
.illages offering  liberal  subsidies  in  the I appreciated,  but the  bay  soon  comes  to 
shape  of  exemption  from  taxation  for  the front again, and fascinates and draws 
years, of large sums of  money, of  build-  the  new  comer  with  an  inexpressible 
ing sites  and  buildings  suitable  for the  charm.  And  it  is  a  charm  that stays, 
purposes desired. 
In the  case  of  small  Over and over have  strangers  whose  ex­
towns, where the  location of a manufac- | perience in summer outings has extended 
turing industry  would  greatly  augment j  an over the  country,  declared  that  they 
the population and disburse weekly large  }n thought always come back to Traverse 
sums of money in wages, a bonus may be  city and Grand Traverse Bay as the most 
beautiful  spot  of  all,  the one  in which 
offered to responsible parties with  a  fair 
a,h,,*h
their fancy paints the most enchanting of 
degree of certainty of receiving profitable 
summer homes.
returns: but in the rapidly growing towns 
The question is often asked,  “ If these 
of the West and South the conditions are 
things are so, why has  this point so long 
entirely different,  and no  such  necessity
been  passed  by,  and  why  are  not  the 
shores  of  our  beautiful  bay  before  this 
eXAny attempt to secure a manufacturing 
dotted with cottages and gay with resorts, 
establishment  through  taxation  of  the 
and the great tide of  summer  travel set­
people,  either  by  a  direct tax or by ex­
ting in here,  instead of  elsewhere ?”  and 
emption  of  the  proposed  establishment 
the answer has been,  “ The  time is com 
from taxation, is wrong in  principle  and 
ing, but is not yet here.”
utterly  unjustifiable;  it  is  a levying of 
But  the  day  for  the  asking  and  the 
taxes on the individual  for the benefit of 
answering of this question is drawing to a 
corporation  that  should  not  be toler­
close, and the  time of  the location of re­
ated,  much  less  encouraged. 
If  such 
sorts along the great  bay  has come.  All 
establishments are desired,  and require a 
indications point  to a  boom in  this line, 
bonus,  the  business  men  of  the  town 
beginning with  1890.  Or that  date  may 
should  take  a  personal interest  in  and 
be  corrected and read that  1889 sees  the 
subscribe to  the  capital  of  such  enter­
beginning of  it  already.
prises as promise satisfactory returns and 
A recent  purchase  of  a valuable tract 
are permanent in character,  and  such  a 
of  land  on  the  bay  shore, a  few  miles 
polios7 would produce  results  more  last­
from  Traverse  City,  by  Grand  Rapids 
ing and beneficial than can be secured by 
business men and  a  resident of  our  vil­
any system of subsidies.
lage,  and that  of  an  adjoining  tract  by 
It is needless to say, however, that  the 
the Uni versalists of  Michigan,  is  an  im­
greatest care must be  exercised in deter­
portant move in this direction.
mining the responsibility of the proposed 
Eight  miles  down  the  bay,  and  one 
enterprise.  Scores of  towns throughout i 
mile  north  of  Marion  island,  a point of 
the  country  have  mourned  the  sudden 
laud  extends  into  the  bay  in  a  south­
blasting of their fondest hopes of becom- 
westerly direction  about  one  and a half 
manufacturing  centers,  as  well  as 
miles,  and is from one quarter to one and 
their loss of  dollars and cents,  by decep­
a quarter  miles in  width,  curving to the
tion on the  part  of  those  to whom they 
.  . il-  A_-C__mi 
Hf noiATt ioloTlH  Q  email
had  given  bonuses.
donated  a  Rar immirn ac Rnwpr’s Harbor. 
bay known as Bower’s Harbor.
thriving little city  in  Kansas  donated  a 
This  point  was  formerly  known  as 
valuable building  site  and  considerable 
Tucker’s  Point, from its original owner, 
cash to certain parties to establish a shoe 
one  of  the  early  Mormon  settlers,  and 
factory.  A cheap building  was  erected 
afterwards  as  Emory  Point, from  Capt. 
and a few shoes were made,  when  prop­
Wm.  Emory, whom all  old  residents  re­
erty began to advance in value with phe­
member so well, and remember, too,  how 
nomenal rapidity;  finally, the  subsidized 
he  never tired  of  talking of  its beauties 
gentlemen  were  offered  $15,000  for the 
and of  his intentions  regarding it.
lot on  which  their  building  stood,  and 
The extremity of  this  point, including 
they accepted it and made no more shoes 
126 acres,  is  the  recent  purchase  men­
in the thriving Kansas town. 
Instances 
tioned.  One hundred acres is  owned  by 
without number may be  cited where giv­
the  company,  prominent  members  of 
ing a bonus has proven a dead loss to the 
which  are  E.  A.  Stowe,  editor  of  T h e 
donors.
Mic h ig a n   T r a d esm a n,  O.  F.  Conklin, 
It may  be  laid  down  as  a  rule, with 
of  Grand Rapids,  and  Frank  Hamilton, 
very  few  exceptions,  that a bonus  will 
of  Traverse City,  who  will  at once  pro­
not attract the best class of  manufactur­
ceed  to  plat  the  same,  utilizing  every 
ing enterprises. 
If a successful  concern 
point for the pleasure of  the prospective 
desires  to  change  its  location to obtain 
cheaper raw material  or  motive  power, 
owners.
The first thing done will be the making 
or better shipping  facilities,  or  for any 
of  a  beautiful  drive  around  the  entire 
other good reason,  the  matter  of  bonus 
point, all within  sight  of,  and  in  fact, 
would  exert  no  influence,  for  a bonus 
within  a  stone’s  throw  of  the  water, 
without the desired advantages would be 
while parks, streets  and alleys will cross 
valueless,  and  if  a town  possesses  the 
and  recross  the  point.  Following  the 
required facilities a bonus is unnecessary 
shore  on  the  east  side  southward,  the 
to secure  the  enterprise,  though,  prob­
first level is reached  at the  beginning of 
ably, if tendered  by the verdant citizens 
of this  tract,  running  thirty  feet  above 
it would not be refused. 
If  it  appears 
the water’s edge,  and  twelve  rods wide,
that  it  will  be  profitable  to  locate  an
enterprise  in a town, it  will  be  located j extending to the extreme point, gradually 
there without a bonus;  and if not profit- | widening as it runs north, forming one of 
able, the town will be better  off  without | the  prettiest  and  widest  beaches  ever
seen on  inland  waters. 
It is the  inten­
If a town possesses  valuable  manu­
it. 
tion of  the owners to plat the lots  facing 
facturing advantages,  the  most  efficient 
the water around this  level plateau, at  a 
way to secure such enterprises is to judi­
distance of  twelve rods from the point of 
ciously advertise the town and its claims; 
but the granting of a bonus is a violation 
beginning.
Another thirty foot rise, rather abrupt, 
of true business principles, and in a large 
runs around the point, receding from the 
majority of cases will prove  detrimental 
western  shore  somewhat.  Upon  the 
rather than beneficial to any town.
plateau is  the  old  farm—something like 
seventy-five acres, partially covered with 
fine hardwood timber, some of  it  second 
growth.  This  overlooks the  water from 
both sides,  with its passing steamers and 
ships with white  sails,  and  to the  south 
the pretty town with its glistening spires 
and  the  rising  smoke  from  its  mills, 
dimly seen in the hazy distance, but still 
fair to  look  upon.  On  either  side  and 
across the bay are the beautiful hills with 
their  green  forests,  and  overhead  the 
clear Traverse sky with  its  golden  sun­
shine,  from  which  is  poured  the  pure 
bracing northern air, the very  breathing 
of  which makes life worth living.
The boating in  Bower’s  Harbor is  un­
equalled.  There is no time in the season 
when  the  smallest  craft  will  not  glide 
smoothly over  the  glassy sheet,  and  the 
bathing  ground  is  also  the  best  of  its 
kind.  Aside from two deep water points, 
one on each side  the point, and  with the 
farther  exception of  a few rods of rocky 
reef,  the-  shores  for  bathing  cannot  be 
excelled.  One can walk for  rods on  the 
sandy and shoal bottom before  the knees 
are touched by  the waves.  At the  same 
time  the  deep  water  points  mentioned 
j allow the ordinary steamboats to run their 
| noses  to within six  feet of  the shore  on 
| one side,  and twenty on the other.
The Universalists will proceed to treat 
their property in the same manner as the 
I private  corporation.  Their  portion  is 
I equally  attractive,  being,  in  short,  a 
part of this beautiful point, having about 
twenty-six  acres, on the north and  west,
I along the shore, and also a small tract on 
the  east,  coming  down  to  the  eastern 
shore  of  the  point.  They  propose  to 
gradually develop this  into a popular re­
sort for  the members of  their denomina­
tion throughout  Michigan and Illinois.
After  the  platting,  the  lots  will  be 
placed on sale, and we  shall  not  be  sur­
prised to see many of  our  neighbors slip 
down  to  one  of  our  popular  steamers 
some day in  the near future, take  a  run 
to Traverse  Point,  select  a lot  and  plan 
them a  cottage  home  there, where  mos­
quitoes  never  buzz,  for  they  are  not, 
where  sandflies  never  bite,  for  indeed 
there are none.  We  shall  have more  to 
say concerning this matter later on.

From  th e Boston Com m ercial Bulletin.
California  fruit  growers  have  scored j 
another victory in our American markets, j 
French prune  growers  are  now  making 
sales to  American  importers at  from  25 
to  40  per  cent,  less  than  the  opening 
prices of last year, as they are thoroughly 
convinced that higher prices would simply 
bring  disaster  on  their  stock,  as  it  did 
last year, which  was the  first  year  they 
did  not  hold  a  monopoly  of  our  best 
markets.
The Californians are fast making a good 
market for their prunes, as they have for 
their raisins  in the  past  few years,  and 
are taking from the  foreigners  their best 
market.  The Malaga  raisin  merchants, 
like  the French  prune  dealers,  are  not 
receiving  their  accustomed  high  prices 
for their goods  this  year,  and  will  have 
to be  contented with  20  to  10  per cent, 
less than what they have  been  receiving 
in the past few years.
On the Pacific  slope are  grown unsur­
passable 
improved 
methods of  curing  and  lower rates,  the 
California rasin and prune cultivators will 
eventually control the American markets.

There has been an advance in tin, vary­
ing from 25 to 60  cents  per  box.  Sheet 
iron is scarce and higher.  The nail mar­
ket  still  continues  to  advance. 
Steel 
nails are  now  quoted by jobbers at $2.45 
rates and wire nails at $4.85 rates, but at 
the  present  prices  asked  by  manufac­
turers, another  advance is propable.

Those that  have  not  seen  Gringhuis’ 
Itemized Ledger, will do well to send for 
Price-list and  Ledger  Sheet, as it covers 
paper, time, labor  and  eraser.  Address 
Gringhuis  Itemized  Ledger  Co.,  Grand 
Rapids, Mich. 

Mrs. Grubb—Have  ye any more  sugar 
like the last ye sint me ?
Grocer (briskly)—Yes,  madam, plenty 
of  it.  How much do you  want ?
Mrs. Grubb—Don’t want none.

California Prunes  and Raisins.

Only  One Book Needed.

The Hardware  Market.

fruits,  and  with 

_____

Bricks  and  Hygiene 

Statistics show  that people live longer 
in a brick  house  than in stone, and that 
wooden houses are  the  healtiest.  This 
suggests the idea of  using  paint on  ma­
sonry.  An  authority  states  that  100 
years  ago  it  was  fashionable  to  paint 
brick buildings  white, and many charm­
ing structures  remain to attest the value 
of  a coat of  paint in preserving the ma­
sonry,  and its  pleasant,  home-like effect 
is a foil to the vines and shrubs with which 
even  city  houses  are  now  commonly 
adorned. 
If  it  should prove,  as  might 
be  easily ascertained,  that  the  painted 
brick houses  preserve  their  inhabitants 
more  effectually from  sickness  aud pre­
mature death than  the  unpainted  ones, 
it  would  be  worth  while to revive  the 
ancient fashion,  and,  with  our  greater 
resources  in  the  way of  materials  and 
ideas, exterior coloring might become  as 
important an  accessory to  the  architec­
ture of  the twentieth  century as  it  was 
to that of the twelfth or thirteenth.
No More  Canadian Transients.

Resident Michigan  laborers  who work 
in the pineries are liable to receive practi­
cal  benefit  by  the  enforcement  of  the 
alien  contract  labor  law. 
It  is is  well 
understood that  several thousand  Cana­
dian  woodsmen  invade  the  Michigan 
pineries each winter  and return home  in 
the spring with their earnings,  but those 
in  authority are  now  enforcing  the  law 
against the admission of foreign laborers, 
and they are being refused permission to 
cross the line at  Port Huron.  Hundreds 
of  them have been  stopped  already,  and 
orders have gone forth that  this  refusal 
to enter Uncle Sam’s domain is to be con­
tinued.  Whether  this  movement  will 
affect wages in  the  woods remains  to  be 
seen, but the probabilities are that it will.

Dry  Goods.

P r ic e s   C u rren t.

UNBLEACHED  COTTONS.

Atlanta A. A...........
Archery  Bunting...
Amory.....................
Beaver Dam  A A...
Berwick  L ..............
Blackstone O, 32 —
Chapman.................
Cohasset A..............
Comet......................
Clifton C C C...........
Conqueror XX........
Exeter A ...........
Full Yard Wide. 
Great Falls E ... 
Honest Width...

754 Integrity XX........... 514
654 King, E F ................ 654
“  E X ................ 654
45i
“  EC, 32 In......
554
714
Lawrence L L ..........
554
554
614 New  Market B........ 55,
5 Noibe R ................... 554
4 Newton................... 654
754 Our Level  Best...... 7
7 Riverside XX.......... 5
654 Sea Island R ........... 654
5 Sharon B  ............... 6%
754 Top of the  Heap—  
754
7
Williamsville..........
654
654 Comet,  40 in ........... 854
Carlisle  “ 
.......... 754
New MarketL,40in. 754

BLEACHED  COTTONS.

554
.  8  I First Prize.

“ 

“ 

Fruit of the Loom %.  8
Fairmount...............  414
Lonsdale Cambric..1054
Lonsdale................. 8
Middlesex...............514
No Name.................   754
Oak View................  6
Our Own.................   554
Sunlight..................  454
Yinyard...................  854

» Dnoio ah
Beats All................. 454
Cleveland.*............  7
Cabot.......................714
Cabot,  %..................  654
Dwight Anchor......   9
shorts.  8%
Edwards..................  6
Empire....................   7
Farwell................... 8
Fruit of the  Loom..  8%
Fitchville  ...........   754!
Cabot.......................  754(Dwight Anchor.......  9
Farwell...................   8541

HALE  BLEACHED  COTTONS.

UNBLEACHED  CANTON  FLANNEL.

TremontN.............. 654
Hamilton N...............654
L...........7
Middlesex  AT........8
X........... 9
No. 25....  9
BLEACHED  CANTON  FLANNEL

Middlesex No.  1 — 10
“  2....11
3....12
» 
“ 
7....18
8....19
“ 

“ 
“ 
“ 

“ 
“ 
“ 
“ 

Hamilton N .............714
Middlesex P T ..........8
A T.......... 9
X A.........  9
X F ......... 1054

« 
“ 

«  
» 
“ 
“ 
CORSET  JEANS.

Middlesex A A........11
2 .............12
A O ....... 1354
4....... 1754
5......16

“ 

“ 
“ 

“ 
“ 

PRINTS

Biddeford...............   6  INaumkeagsatteen..  754
Brunswick..............  654|Rockport................... 654
Merrim’ek shirtings.  554 
Repp furn .  854
Pacific  fancy.......... 6
robes............   654
Portsmouth robes...  6 
Simpson mourning..  654
greys.......654
solid black.  654 
Washington indigo.  654 
“  Turkey robes..  754 
“  India robes—   7\
“  plain T’ky X %  81 
« 
“  X...10
“  Ottoman  Tur-
keyred.............. .  6
Martha Washington
Turkey red 54......   754
Martha  Washington
,  Turkey red...........  954
Riverpomt robes....  5 
Windsor fancy........654
indigo  blue..........1054

Allen, staple...........  6
fancy........... 654
robes...........654
American  fancy—   6 
American indigo—   654 
American shirtings.  554 
“  —   654
Arnold 
long cloth B. 1054 
“ 
“  C.  854
“ 
“ 
century cloth  7
gold seal...... 1054
“ 
“  Turkey red. .1054
Berlin solids............. 554
“  oil blue........  654
“ 
“  green —   654
Cocheco fancy........  6
“  madders...  6 
Eddystone  fancy...  6 
Hamilton fancy.  ...  6- 
staple —   6 
Manchester  fancy..  6
new era.  654 
Merrimack D fancy.  6541

gold  ticket 

“ 

“ 

TICKINGS.

Amoskeag A C A .... 13541 Pearl  River............ 12&
Hamilton N .............  754IWarren.................... 14
Amoskeag...............1354'Everett.. • • • ■ ...........1254
Amoskeag, 9 oz......15  ¡Lawrence XX............1354
Andover................. 11/4 ¡Lancaster........... 12^4

DEMINS.

G IN G H A M S .

Glenarven...............62£|RenfrewDress..........8
Lancashire..............  654|Toil du Nord...........1054
Normandie.............  8  I
Peerless, white...... 18541 Peerless,  colored. ..21

CARPET  WARP.

GRAIN  BAGS.

Stark........................20
American................17
Valley City............. 16

Georgia...................16
Pacific..................... 14
Burlap.....................1154

THREADS.

Clark’s Mile End.... 45  I Barbour’s.................88
Coats’,  J. & P .........45  Marshall’s................. 88
Holyoke..................22541
KNITTING  COTTON.
Colored.
38 No. 14
“
16
39
18
40
0 20
41
CAMBRICS.

White. 
..  ..33
6
8 .......34
10 .......35
12 .......36

White.  Colored

No.

..37

Slater.........
White Star.

Fireman........
Creedmore.............. 2754
Talbot XXX............30
Nameless................ 2754

__ 4%: Kid Glove.................   43i
...  43£¡Newmarket.............  41£
RED  FLANNEL.
...3254 T W ......................... 2254
F T - . . . . - .......... 3254
J R F , XXX............ 35
Buckeye..................3254

MIXED  PLANNEL.

Red & Blue,  plaid. .40  IGrey S R W .............1754
Union R ..................2254 Western W .............. 1854
Windsor..................1854 D K P ...................... 1854
6 oz Western...........21  Flushing XXX..........2354
Union  B .................2254|MaHitoba.................. 2354

DUCKS.

Severen, 8 oz...........  9*4|Greenwood, 8 oz — 1154
Mayland, 8 oz.........11  West  Point, 8 oz....  954
Greenwood, 754 oz..  9541

White, doz............. 20  ¡Per bale, 40 doz
Colored,  doz.......... 25  ]

.*7 25

WADDINGS.

SILE8IAS.

Slater, Iron Cross...  9 
Red Cross....  9
Best  AA 

“ 
“ 
“ 

Best  .1054

1254
CORSETS.

Pawtucket...............11
Dundie....................   9
Bedford................... 11

Coraline....'...........*9 50¡Wonderful............*4 75
Shilling’s ...............  9 00| Brighton................4 75

SEWING  SILK.

Corticelli, doz......... 85  [Corticelli  knitting,

per 54oz  ball........ 30

“ 
“ 

’  twist,doz..42 
50yd,doz..42  )

V

The Michigan Tradesman

Oflloi&l Organ of Michigan Business Men’s  Association.

A  WEEKLY  JOURNAL  DEVOTED  TO  THE

Retail  Trade  of the  Wolderine  State.

E.  A.  STOWE  &  KKO.,  Proprietors.

Subscription Price, One  Dollar per year, payable 
Advertising Rates made known on application. 

strictly in advance.

Publication  Office,  100 Louis St.

Entered,  at  the  Grand  Rapids  Post  Office.

E.  A.  STOWE,  Editor.

WEDNESDAY,  OCTOBER  30,  1889.

THE  LOGIC  OP  PACTS.

Theoretically,  questions  of  fact  can 
be answered without a possibility of fairly 
questioning the correctness of the answer. 
Practically, facts are often  as difficult of 
demonstration as a  proposition in  moral 
philosophy.  Let any  one  who doubts  it 
attend, let us say as a  juror, a few trials 
in some  civil or  criminal  court.  Again 
and again do witnesses,  equally credible, 
contradict  one  another  on  matters  con­
cerning which  it would  seem that  there 
should be no possibility of  two opinions. 
One swears that the clock struck ten  at a 
given time,  another that it struck twelve. 
One  swears  positively"  that  he  saw  the 
accused  commit  the  crime.  Another 
swears that at  the same moment, he,  the 
accused, was ten  miles  away,  Do these 
witnesses lie ?  By no means !  If it were 
a question of color and  there were a con­
flict  of  testimony  concerning  red  and 
geen, everybody would say “color  blind­
ness,”  of  course,  and  the  proper  tests 
would be applied.  But, if eyes play such 
tricks  under  known  conditions,  what 
guarantee  have  we  against  unheard-of 
freaks under unknown conditions?  There 
are such  things as  optical  illusions, but 
does any one pretend to say when or how 
they occur,  except  under  cover of  some 
wholly inadequate generality—disordered 
nerves  or  the  like ?  How  do we  know 
what we really see ?  So in  regard to the 
other senses.  The  writer  hereof  knows 
a person of  otherwise  quick  perceptions 
who is unable to hear  a sound  at the  re­
ceiving  end of  the  telephone,  and  it  is 
said that  to  some  persons  certain  com­
mon  noises  are  wholly  inaudible.  Not 
long since  a party  of  three  inspected  a 
New York  dwelling with a  view to sign­
ing a complaint  to the  Board of  Health. 
Two of  them perceived a sickening  odor, 
which to the third was imperceptible,  al­
though his  nose  is  not  ordinarily impo­
tent.

Where do we  stand,  then,  in  regard to 
facts ?  Certain undefined dimensions and 
shapes,  standing  in  certain  relations  to 
other  undefined  dimensions and  shapes, 
are invisible or distorted in certain  eyes. 
Some sounds, under conditions not at  all 
understood,  are inaudible to certain ears. 
Odors which are vile to one set  of  olfac­
tories are inoffensive to another set.  How 
are we going to prove our simplest state­
ments regarding tangible material things, 
and are we ever justified in assuming that 
a fellow-being is  willfully  a liar ?  Per­
haps he really thinks he saw or heard,  or 
smelled what  he  says  he  did—shall  we 
brand him as a falsifier because his senses 
gave evidence at variance with our own ?
That this is a very serious  matter goes 
without  saying.  Heaven  only  knows 
what  assumed  fact of  to-day may  be re­
futed  to-morrow, or  what  apparent  im­
possibility  of  this  year  may  not  prove 
perfectly  simple  and  practicable  next 
year. 
It is  not a very cheering prospect 
if  we trust  alone  to  individual  percep­
tions, but this at least we know :  Society 
and  law  and  order  have  survived  the 
process of  the  ages, and  how could this 
have been, if,  as a  general  thing, Truth 
had failed to  come  off  victorious  in  her 
perpetual conflict with Falsehood ?

BANKRUPTCY  LEGISLATION.
Since the failure of the excellent Bank­
ruptcy law  drafted  by Judge  Lowell, of 
Massachusetts, 
it  has  seemed  almost 
hopeless to  try  to  overcome  the  resist­
ance of  the West to  national  legislation 
on this subject.  But  the  announcement 
that  Col.  Torry,  an  eminent  member  of 
the St.  Louis  bar,  has  prepared a bank­
ruptcy law to  be  submitted  to  the  next 
Congress,  revives  the  hope  that  the 
power to legislate on this subject  will no 
longer lie dormant, or  pass  to the States 
through the failure of  Congress to  come 
to  any  agreement.  The  proposed  law 
enables  the  creditors  of  any  insolvent 
debtor  to  appeal  to  the  United  States 
district court for a legal settlement of his 
estate.  The court then appoints trustees 
nominated  by  the  creditors,  who  take 
charge of  the assets  and receive  in  com­
pensation  a  specified percentage  on  the 
turns  they  distribute  to  the  creditors. 
They act under  the  supervision of refer­
ees  appointed  by  the  court,  who  are 
to  be  paid  salaries  derived  from  a  tax 
on all estates thus disposed of.  Careful 
provisions  are  made to prevent a debtor 
being  forced  into  bankruptcy  without 
good reason, and the consent of a reason­
able number of  his creditors is required. 
Other  provisions  guard  against  unjust 
preferences, the conveyance of property, 
and the like.  Col.  Torrey’s professional 
brethren  will hardly thank  him for pro­
posing a measure  which  dispenses  with 
their services  and  cuts  down  their fees 
to the lowest figure  possible. 
Indeed, it

is not easy to see how anyone  will make 
a fee out of  this mode  of  settling an es­
tate,  unless  when  there  is  an  appeal 
from the referee to the district court.

The  bill  has  been  approved  by  the 
National Board  of  Trade,  and  also  by 
several conventions of  the business men 
of  the  Southwest  and  West, so that its 
passage  may  be  reasonably  expected 
from the next  Congress.

ANOTHER  WORTHY.

T h e  T ra d esm a n  has already  paid  its 
respects to two of the renegade organizers 
of the Patrons of Industry, and this week 
it  desires  to  call  attention  to  a  third 
worthy,  in the person of  John Chalmers, 
of  Cedar Springs.  T h e T r a d esm a n has 
it  on  trustworthy  authority  that  Chal­
mers is even a worse man than the sainted 
Elder Payne,  whose name  once  occupied 
a  conspicuous  position  on  a  criminal 
calendar  of 
the  Kent  Gircuit  Court. 
Chalmers,  it  is  alleged,  owned  a  farm 
which he was  anxious to  dispose of  and 
asked the Elder,  in the capacity of super­
visor,  to certify that its value was greater 
than it really was, in order that the owner 
could obtain a loan  for all or  more  than 
the  land  was  worth.  This  the  Elder 
declined to do, but Chalmers  managed to 
secure  someone to  undertake  the  job— 
and the man who  loaned  the money now 
owns the farm !
PENNY WISE  AND  POUND  FOOLISH.
Mancelona  once  had  a  well-equipped 
Business  Men’s  Association,  but  the 
members  permitted  it  to  die  from  lack 
of  nourishment.  Since that time notices 
similar to the  following  have frequently 
appeared iq the Herald of  that place :

Another  dead-beat  skipped  out  Iasi 
week,  leaving  debts  unpaid  amounting 
to  over $300.  Our merchants are rapidly 
getting  experience. 
It  comes  high, but 
they must have it.
T h e  T r a desm a n  is  assured that  it  is 
within  bounds  when  it  states  that  the 
losses  sustained by the business  men  of 
Mancelona—losses which could have been 
avoided had the Business  Men’s Associa­
tion  been  properly  maintained—exceed 
$1,000.  The entire cost of sustaining the 
organization in  the  meantime could  not 
have exceeded $100.

In the State of Iowa not a mile  of  new 
railroad  has  been  built  for a year past. 
This  is  not  because  Prohibition  has 
checked the advance of the State in pros­
perity, but because the  railroad  laws  of 
Iowa have made investments in that kind 
of property extremely undesirable.  For­
merly the State was noted for the moder­
ation and good sense shown in  its  legis­
lation on this subject. 
It  followed  the 
example  of  Massachusetts in creating  a 
Railroad Commission,  in which large dis­
cretionary powers were vested, but whose 
chief function was  to give advice backed 
by  public  opinion.  This  arrangement 
does not seem to have worked as  well  in 
the West as in the East, probably because 
the western  roads  are  owned by people 
at a distance, while  those  of  Massachu­
setts are not.  Absentee owners generally 
care little for any public  opinion  which 
is  not  embodied  in  a  law.  But Iowa 
seems to have overdone  the  business  of 
crystalizing  opinion  into  legislation,  so 
that capital has  come  to avoid the State 
in the matter of railroad investments.

For  genuine  and  uncompromising 
selfishness  the  inconsiderate  consumer 
of  tobacco can give long  odds to most of 
his  fellow-citizens  and  still  come  out 
ahead.  A  notice  conspicuously  posted 
to the effect  that  no  smoking is allowed 
may, it is  true,  prevent  the  overt  act, 
but it does not prevent the retention  be­
tween the fingers  of  a  lighted  cigar  or 
cigarette,  which is quite  as  offensive in 
a close  car  or  waiting-room,  as  actual 
smoking would be.  The  other form  of 
consumption, involving expectoration,  is 
often even more  obtrusively annoying to 
the  cleanly minded  than  smoking,  but 
the posters never take it into the account 
at all,  and if  they did,  would  probably 
be utterly ignored.  Justice  Morgan,  of 
New  York, 
lately  earned  the  lasting 
gratitude  of  non-smokers,  as well as of 
smokers  who  cultivate a reasonable  re- 
pect for the comfort  of  others, by fining 
two  street-car  offenders  $10  each  and 
holding them in the sum  of  $300  apiece 
to  behave  themselves  for  six  months. 
The managers  of  the  elevated  roads in 
New  York  have  recently  made  a  rule 
which prohibits burning tobacco  in  any 
shape in their  cars,  and  if  every other 
street car line  in  America  would do the 
same,  and the passengers  would  second 
these efforts by calling  the  attention  of 
officials and conductors  to  infractions of 
the rule,  a nuisance will be abated and a 
wholesome  school  of  manners  estab­
lished.

Citizenship is not rightly understood or 
properly regarded  by a large  number of 
those blessed with it.  They  consider its 
rights  regardless of  its  responsibilities. 
They are jealous of  its favors, but delin­
quent in  the  discharge of  its duties. 
It 
is probably not saying too  much to  state 
that if  the responsibilities  and  duties of 
citizenship were regarded  with the  same 
appreciation and interest as are its rights, 
there would be little  need for law or any 
of  its agencies. 
It is probably too much 
to  expect of  human  nature, but the con­
templation  of  a  full  and  complete  dis­

charge of  its duties  and  responsibilities 
is most beautiful.  The picture is attrac­
tive enough to inspire at least some effort 
in completing the sketch.  Let  any right 
secured by citizenship be violated and an 
effort  to  redress the wrong  is  carried  to 
our highest courts. 
It is cause for inter­
national  disputes  and  war.  But  how 
lightly is  a failure to  discharge the obli­
gations  of  citizenship  regarded!  This 
question  is not  to  be  looked  upon  in  a 
high  patriotic,  fourth-of-July  fashion, 
but in a practical way with regard to the 
simple affairs of every-day life.  A crimi­
nal escapes from the custody of the sheriff 
by the aid of  another person,  and we are 
told  that  the  abettor  is  not  legally  re­
sponsible.  This  is  a  most  foolish  and 
dangerous  doctrine. 
It  leads  to  such  a 
state of  affairs that would destroy all the 
rights of citizens and make despotism im­
perative.  Every citizen  is a conservator 
of  the peace and,  in an  important sense, 
an officer of  the law.  He  can  be  called 
out at any time to preserve  the  peace  or 
enforce the law.  He could not otherwise 
be a citizen,  and so  far as  he discharges 
these  obligations  so  far  does  he fill the 
requirements  of  citizenship.  A  man  is 
responsible not only  for  his  own unlaw­
ful  acts,  but  for  every  such  act of  his 
fellow-men which he can legally prevent, 
and he surely is not entitled to the rights 
of citizenship so  long as  he  neglects  its 
duties. 
Illegal acts of  this character are 
committed  every day  without  a  thought 
of  violating  the  essential  principles  of 
that  citizenship  which  secures  all  the 
rights enjoyed.  Some of  our  economies 
and ologies could well devote some space 
to this subject.

Official  definitions  are  always  enter­
taining  when  they can  be  accepted  as 
official—that  is,  as  conclusive—and  it 
would  be  eminently  instructive  if  we 
could  persuade  the  great  corporations, 
especially in  this  country and  England 
—for these,  we take it,  are the great com­
pany-ridden  peoples  of  the  world — to 
give  us  th e ir  ideas  as  to  the  purposes for 
which the  individual  man  exists.  All 
great corporations profess to be actuated 
by the common  conviction  that they can 
do better for man than  he  can  possibly 
do for himself, but the constant tendency 
is for them to insist upon doing  what no 
individual at all wants to do on  his  own 
account.  The  individual  stockholders 
of  a  company  are  probably  as  honest 
as  the  rest  of 
the  world  in  their 
personal capacity, and would never think 
of  oppressing their fellow-citizens.  But 
organize  them  under  a  president and a 
board of directors, and the rest, and they 
will make  it  exceedingly lively for  any 
one who chances to stand  in  their  way. 
The court  records  of  nearly every state 
in  the  Union  abound  with  instances 
where individuals have tried to fight cor­
porations  and  have  been  disastrously 
worsted. 
Indeed,  a case  of  this kind is 
well nigh  hopeless  where  there are two 
sides—as there must be almost of  neces 
sity—to  the  question  involved, for  the 
strength of  a combined purse suffices, in 
many legitimate  ways, to  out-maneuver 
abstract  justice.  Given a large  number 
of  stockholders with their money invest­
ed for a common  cause,  and  they are at 
once irresistible and  helpless. 
Irresist­
ible  in  that  their  representatives,  the 
directors,  can  command  an  enormous 
aggregate  of  capital;  helpless  in  that, 
scattered as they are,  it is  well nigh im­
possible for  them  to  unite  their  votes, 
should they be dissatisfied with the man­
agement,  oust  the  incumbent  officials 
and reorganize  on a new  basis.  This is 
sometimes  done  where there is a lack of 
daring  or  unscrupulousness on the part 
of president and directors; but it is nearly 
impossible  where  there  are no scruples 
as to using  the  available  means for  re­
taining the  balance  of  power.  How to 
regulate the concentration of  wealth and 
power in  the  hands  of  corporations  is 
one of  the questions that is sure,  sooner 
or later, to crop out in politics,  and there 
will be room for more  wisdom  than  the 
average law-maker has habitually shown 
in legislating—enough;  that is,  and  yet 
not too much.

The  Raisin Industry of California.
Fresno county,  the  geographical  cen­
ter of the fertile  and  extensive San Joa­
quin Valley, is the  headquarters  of  this 
rapidly growing  infant  industry.  The 
soil and  climate  prove  so  well adapted 
to the growth and curing of the fruit that 
the production has increased from 25,000 
twenty-pound boxes,  three  years ago, to 
over 800,000 boxes the current year.  New 
acreage has recently  been  added to such 
an extent that it is  estimated the crop of 
1890 will exceed 2,500,000 boxes.
The muscatel, of Alexandria,  and  the 
muscat,  of  Gorda  Blanca,  are  the two 
varieties grown.  The  average  yield  is 
three  tons  of  fruit  per  acre,  which is 
dried for ten days on trays  in  the  vine­
yard,  and hauled in large  shallow  boxes 
to packing  houses  at  the  railroad,  and 
placed in sweating rooms to complete the 
curing process.  They are then sorted by 
the nimble  fingers  of  girls.  The  fine, 
large bunches on  the  stems are selected 
for the first quality,  and  called  London 
layers.  These are worth $1.90  per  box. 
The remainder  are  run  through a large 
machine  similar  to a fanning mill  used 
by farmers for cleaning small grain.  This 
detaches the scattering  raisins  from  the 
stems, blows  away  the  refuse, runs the 
fruit over screens and  sorts  it  into  two 
additional grades, called loose.  Musca­
tels  are  worth  from  $1.40  to $1.75 per 
box  of  twenty  pounds,  according  to 
quality.

The farmer  is  paid  from  five  to  six 
cents  per  pound  for  the  fruit  in  its 
roughly dried state.  Three and one-half 
pounds of green  grapes make one pound 
of raisins.
At  the  present  prices  of  fruit,  the 
farmer receives an  average  of  $175  net 
per acre.  The gross receipts of one small 
vineyard  of  two  acres,  this  year,  was 
$780,  out  of  which  $100  was  paid  for 
labor.
The land is irrigated, the  water  being 
brought  long  distances,  in  canals,  by 
water  companies,  and  costs  the farmer 
about $10 per acre per annum.  So lucra­
tive is the business, that it  is  attracting 
general attention.  Large tracts are being 
subdivided  into  twenty-acre  lots,  and 
sold at $100  per  acre  and  upward, that 
three years ago could have been  had  for 
$10 per acre.
The combination  requisite  to  success 
in the  business,  viz.,  a  suitable  soil,  a 
prolonged  hot  and  exceedingly  dry at­
mosphere,  bright,  sunny  days,  and  an 
abundance of water for irrigation, is here 
obtained to perfection,  and the  industry 
has received an  impetus  that  threatens 
to absorb all the available land in Fresno, 
Tulare and  Merced  counties,  an acreage 
exceeding that of New  England.
An average of ten car loads  of  raisins 
are now going forward  daily to the East­
ern States from Fresno county alone.
Advertising Isabella  County.

C.  M. C. Cook,  of  Mt.  Pleasant,  favors 
T h e  T r a d esm a n  with  a  pamphlet  con­
taining much  interesting matter relating 
to  Michigan  in  general  and  Isabella 
county in particular,  as a  home  for  set­
tlers.  The tables and estimates  are con­
densed as far as practical, while  the text 
is made as plain as possible.

Malta

Castle

Tile Best S-Cent  Cigar

o n   th e   M a rk et.

MANUFACTURED  BY

J. K.  DELBRIDGE,

341  So. Division St.,  Grand  Rapids.

I t w ill soon  be

Very  Gold,

TOO  COLD  TO  SHIP  RAVEN  GLOSS.
Orders  should  be  sent  in at once for 
Raven Gloss, Alma, Gilt Edge,  Glycerole 
and Royal Polish. 
I  sell all dressings at 
manufacturers’  prices  and  discounts. 
Lowest prices on all kinds  of
Findings,  Shoe  Store  Supplies,  Etc.
Whitcomb & Paine’s Calf Boots, Rubbers, 
etc.  A  Beautiful  Smyrna  Rug  given 
with each gross dressing.

G.  R .  M A Y H E W ,

86  Monroe  St,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.

E.  W.  HULL  PLATING  WORKS,

ALL  KINDS  OF

Brass and  Iron Polishing

AND

Nickle and Silver Plating
Corner Pearl and Front Sts., Grand Rapids.
HOURS

Airency can  bo had  w here  th ere la a  vacancy,  k  NEW 
INVENTION fo r filing' saws sent free w ith each maehlne, by 
the use of th is tool everybody can file th eir own  saws 
now and do It better th an  th e  greatest expert can w ith­
out it.  Adapted  to  all cro sscu t saws.  Every one who 
owns a  saw should have one.  A s k   your dealers o r write 
F O L D IN G  S A W IN G  M A C H IN E   CO ., 8 0 8   to  811 
S o u th  C a n a l S tre e t, C h icag o , n i-

K .  KNUDSON,

MERCHANT  TAILOR

And  D ealer in

Gents’ Furnishing Goods.
Fine stock of Woolen  Suitings  and  Overcoat­
ings, which I will make to order cheaper than any 
other house in the city.  Perfect fit guaranteed. 

20 West Bridge St.,  Grand Rapids.

Gonion  &  Peters,

W H O L E S A L E

G R O C E R S .

SOLE  AGENTS  FOR

L autz B ros.  &  Co.9s  Soaps,

Niagara  Starch,

A m boy  C heese.

G R A .N D   R Æ R ID S .

NEW  HOUSE  AND  N EW  GOODS.

A g  b .  b r o o k s   &  C O .,

WHOLESALE

Confectionery,  Nuts  and  Figs.

Our  Specialty—Candy made from sugar and good  to  eat.

CODY  BLOCK,  158  EAST  FULTON  ST„ 

- 

- 

GRAND  RAPIDS,  MICH

P E R K I N S   <&  H E S S
Hides, Furs, Wool & Tallow,

DEALERS IN

NOS.  122  and  124  LOUIS STREET. GRAND RAPIDS. MICHIGAN.

WE CARRY A STOCK OF CAKE TALLOW FOR MILL USB-

W holesale

M anufacturers.

BEN. W. PUTNAM, Pres. 

JAMES M. BARNETT, Vice-Pres.

FRED  B.  ALDRICH,  Sec’y  and  Treas.

Chemicals.Æ
W.  BAKER 
& CO.’S
Breakfast  Cocoa
Is absolutely  pure

and  it  is  soluble.
To  increase  the  solubility  of 
the powdered cocoa, various expe­
dients are employed,  most of them 
being  based  upon  the  action of  some  alkali, potash, soda  or 
even ammonia.  Cocoa  which  has been  prepared  by one of 
these chemical processes  can  usually be  recognized  at  once 
by the distinct alkaline reaction of the infusion  in water.
W .  Baker  & Co.’s  Breakfast Cocoa
is  manufactured  from  the  first  stage  to  the  last  by  perfect 
mechanical  processes,  no  chem ical  being  used  in 
its preparation.  By one of the most ingenious of these 
mechanical  processes  the  greatest  degree  of  fineness  is 
secured without the sacrifice of  the  attractive  and  beautiful 
red color  which  is  characteristic  of an absolutely pure and 
natural cocoa.
W . Baker & Co., Dorchester, Mass.

Efll/ENRIGH  BROS

W h o le s a le   C lo th iers

I

MANUFACTURERS  OF

Perfect-Fitting  Tailor-Made  Clothing

138-140 Jefferson Hire., 34-36  Woodbrldge 81, Detroit.

AT  LOWEST PRICES.

MAIL  ORDERS sent in care L.  W. ATKINS will receive PROMPT ATTENTION.

P r e p a r e d   b y

THOMSON  4  T A M   SPICE  COMPANY,

O t i i o a g o .

Is  a  C o m b in a tio n   o f

The  F in est  Ingredients  for  use  in 

Seasoning M eats,  P ou ltry, 

Game and Fish.

________SOLD  BY  ALL  GROCERS._______
E.  B.  DIKEMAN
S.  K.  BOLLES. 
K . B o lle s   &  C o .,
S . 

77  CANAL,  ST.,  GRAND  RAPIDS,  MICH.

"W h o lesale  C ig a r  D ealers.

“ T O S

S

  U P T ”

We  w ill  forfeit  $1,000  if  the  “TOSS  UP”
Cigar  is  not  a  Clear  Long  Havana  Filler  of 
excellent quality,  equal  to  more  than  the  aver­
age ten cent cigars on the market.

H i p  Fire  anil  Marine  Insurance  Co.

ORGANIZED  1881.

GASH  CAPITAL  $4011,000.

GASH  ASSETS  OliER  $700,000.

LOSSES  PAID  $500,000.

D.  Whitney, Jr., President. 

Eugene Harbeck,  Sec’y.

The Directors of  “The Michigan” are representative business men of 

our own  State.

F a ir   C o n tra cts, 

E q u ita b le   R a te s,

P r o m p t  S e ttle m e n ts,

In s u r e   in   ff/T lie  M ich ig a n .*9
I ?   GEO. H. REEDEB,
CD  O 
«♦*08
1 1   Lycoming  Rubbers
d  c+CT5  g* 
¡1  Msiinm PricB Shoes.
®  **  Sj  Grand Rapids, Mich.

and Jobber of

State  Agent

ft

ft

f t

ft

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«

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The Michigan Tradesman

WEDNESDAY.  OCTOBER  30. 1889.

ID EA LISM .

Toil  degenerates  into  drudgery when 
it loses its poetry.  So  long  as  we  can 
see in the labor  assigned us any element 
that impels the mind to an upward move­
ment we can  be  brave,  and  smile  over 
our tasks.  Do  we  realize all that ideal­
ism  means  to us in the  common  avoca­
tions as in the higher spheres of activity? 
Our  souls  are  so  permeated  with  this 
essence  of  divinity,  we  unconsciously 
gauge life  and  its forces  by its  propor­
tion and strength in us.  The  power  to 
glorify all  toil  belongs  in  a  degree  to 
each soul—to  the  kitchenmaid  and  the 
mechanic as  wTell as the  poet and artist.
When I hear  a street-digger  whistling 
cheerily about  his work, I say to myself, 
“That man has  some poetry in  his  life, 
though it may be  nearly choked  out  by 
the  poverty  and  lack  of  mental  nutri­
ment.”  When I hear  a maid-of-all-work 
singing blithely over her dish-washing, I 
mentally  exclaim,  “That  heart  holds 
some  ideal,  though  in  embryo.”  That 
thought regarding the  eternal  existence 
of 
truth,  expressed  so  finely  by  De 
Quincey, may be applied  (by that  broad 
interpretation  which 
all 
thought in its largest sense)  to these de­
veloped or formless ideals:

construes 

“It is the grandeur  of  all truth which 
can occupy a very high  place  in  human 
interests, that it is never absolutely novel 
to the  meanest  of  minds;  it exists eter­
nally by way of  germ or latent principle 
in the  lowest as in the  highest,  needing 
to be developed, but never to be planted.”
But to a thoughtful  mind the question 
arises,  Will the soul become  satiated by 
attainment,  and relapse into a semi-com­
atose state of existence, through that law 
which  decrees  to  each  condition 
its 
counteraction?  Throughout  the  physi­
cal world this law  of  reflex motion  pre­
vails  to  keep  external  equipoise;  why 
not in the psychical ?  To  each spiritual 
tidal flow  must there be a corresponding 
ebb ?  For  each  heaven-aspiring  flight 
of  the  thrilled  soul  must there be a re­
trogression into  the  gloom  of  despair ? 
And when,  by some mighty  pulsation of 
its divine passion, it touches  the  region 
of  infinite light,  must it become insensi­
ble to  all  after-glow—benumbed  by the 
anaesthesia of over-delight?  Nay, I think 
not.

Were there an  apex  to  each spiritual 
altitude  it  might  be  so.  But  there  is 
height beyond all height, breadth encom­
passing  breadth—immeasurable,  illimit­
able realms  outlying  all  the  soul  may 
fathom.  Yea,  God himself exists as the 
Ultima  Thule,  and  the  soul  cannot ex­
haust the infinite!

These  tidal-waves  of  feeling,  of  im­
pulse,  and aspiration,  and  their  corres­
ponding ebbs,  are but efforts of  the soul 
to gain its eternal equipoise.  They have 
no  significance  beyond  that  which  at­
taches to all  motion,  and can in no wise 
affect  the  spirit’s  upward  flight,  if  it 
keep its ideals.

We cannot aim too high; neither is any 
beginning to small.  Each  disclosure  of 
truth, each revelation of beauty, should be 
sacred to the  soul, though it come in the 
disguise of  toil,  in the mask of  poverty. 
We should seek the ideal in all the forms 
of  life,  in  each phase  of  destiny; and, 
when  we have found  it,  make it the al­
tar whereon  we lay our  offering to God, 
the shrine  where we kneel in worship of 
The Infinite.

E v a   G o k t o n  t a y l o r .

Rise and  Decline  of the  Guild.

From early medieval times far into the 
middle ages in England,  the  line  of  de- 
markation  between  capital  and  labor 
so-called,  was  very indistinct.  We are 
speaking  now  of  that  class  devoted to 
reproduction,  and  not  that  engaged  in 
warfare and pillage.  The  line  between 
even so poor a young gentleman  as  Wil­
fred of Ivanhoe and Gurth the thrall was 
undoubtedly sharp and clear, and as good 
as  infinite.  But  in  the  artisan  class, 
where  there  was  necessarily  employer 
and employed, the lot of the one was very 
much the lot of the other.  The  artisan 
bought his materials, fashioned his wares, 
and  sold  them  in  his  little  shop,  or 
hawked them at  the  fair.  As his busi­
ness grew, he  took  an  apprentice—per­
haps even two or three.  The apprentices 
were part of his family.  There was rude 
plenty  for  all,  but  opulence  for none. 
The master found the apprentice in food, 
lodging  and  clothes,  for  four years;  in 
the fifth  year  he  paid  him twenty shil­
lings  and  found  him  in  tools,  and the 
apprentice fed  and  clothed  himself;  in 
the sixth year he paid him forty shillings, 
and the apprentice supplied himself with 
everything.  At the end  of  the seventh 
year, he was free to  engage  in  business 
on  his  own account, and to take to him­
self a wife.  That is, he was  free,  after 
having been accepted by the guild.  With­
out becoming a guild member,  he  could 
not engage in any kind of business.  To 
become a guild member he had to furnish 
proof  of  his skill in his  trade  or  craft, 
and of his  good  moral  character.  The 
object of the guilds was to obtain exemp­
tion  from  the  thousand  and  one  petty 
imports and  taxes  which  bore  down  so 
heavily upon the  common people, and to 
regulate internal trade.  They were not 
political  organizations,  but  economic. 
They did not seek to limit  the  rights  of 
the feudal lords, but to  secure  to  them­
selves certain exemptions and privileges. 
The  obligations  of  a  guild  member  en­
joined upon him to notify the guild if  he 
discovered in town  any  merchant  not  a 
member.

We can imagine that the  guild  treated 
such interlopers with scant mercy.  They 
controlled  the  trade  of  the  town abso­
lutely.  Their further object was to cre­
ate a fund to aid impoverished  members 
and to  hold  periodical  banquets.  They 
were allowed the right to  acquire  prop­
erty, to govern themselves,  and  to  hold 
conventions  with  the  guilds  of  other 
towns to secure rights of  free entry  and 
exit, for their  members.
The work  of  all craftsmen was scruti­
nized,  and  if  found to be faulty, it was 
confiscated and the culprit was punished. 
Artisans  were  compelled to inhabit cer­
tain definite portions  of  the  town, so as 
to be readily  found  when  wanted. 
In 
order to prevent fraud  and  deception  in 
the  sale  of  goods, sales  by candle light 
were absolutely forbidden.
The period during which the guilds ex­
ercised  these  functions  appears  to date 
from the eleventh to  the fourteenth cen­
tury.  After  that, their character gradu­
ally  changed,  and  they  became  mere 
favorite  associations  or  clubs,  with  a 
greatly lessened power to arbitrarily con­
trol trade.  This  change  was  no doubt 
due to the amelioration  of  social  condi­
tions, which made  it  possible for a gen­
tleman to walk abroad without his sword.
But  what  the  guilds  lost in physical 
force they gaiued in  moral.  They  grew 
rapidly in worldly wealth and ^ocial dig­
nity.  They have more than once  loaned 
money to royalty.  At  the  present  day, 
they  seem  to  be  the  underpinning  of 
England’s  commercial  structure.  And 
yet  it  is  difficult  to  reconcile this with 
certain  existing  facts.  Apothecary’s 
Hall,  in  London,  is  two  hundred  and 
eighty-three years old, and is not lacking 
in social  dignity  or  worldly  wealth,  at 
the present  time.  They  issue  all  the 
licenses to apothecaries, and no one  who 
has  not served a regular  apprenticeship 
and been admitted a  member of the com­
pany  can  obtain  a  license,  so  that,  to 
some extent at least, they are a factor  in 
the drug trade  of  London.  But how is 
it, if this is the case, that they have stood 
idly  by  and  allowed  the  co-operative 
stores  of  the  army  and  navy,  and the 
civil  service,  to  cut  the  trade  of  the 
apothecary from under his feet?  If there 
is any accusation  of  inertia,  it must be 
brought equally against all  other guilds, 
as the  co-operative  stores  have  worked 
destruction right and left, and the guilds 
have had nothing to say. 
It looks  as  if 
the day of their real power had departed.

How  to  Extend  Our  Foreign  Trade, c

A  correspondent  of  Boots  and  Shoes 
says:  I  have  been  much  interested  in 
the  matter  of  exports  of  manufactured 
goods for years past,  and have striven in 
every  way  to  ascertain  if  possible  the 
cause of their  being so  light. 
I am con­
vinced that the one great cause is  lack of 
transportation  facilities.  The  buyer  of 
to-day,  whether  in  Buenos  Ayres  or 
Chicago, wants  his  purchases  delivered 
promptly and with  regularity.  That  we 
are not provided with regular direct com­
munication  with  South  America is  the 
fault of  our general government.
If  heavy freight is  to  be sent to South 
America  quickly  and  cheaply,  it  must 
be  shipped to  some  English  or  German 
port and then reshipped to  port of  desti­
nation.
Some of the  largest  manufacturers  of 
boots and shoes  in  Europe devote exclu­
sive attention to the  production of goods 
for  the  South  American  markets.  The 
proprietor of  one  located in Switzerland 
has for many years made  an annual visit 
to this country.  His  factory  is  stocked 
with American  machinery,  he cuts large 
quantities of  American  sole leather  and 
has, so far  as  possible,  adopted Ameri­
can  methods  of  working.  He  has 
in­
vestigated  the  cost  carefully,  and  he 
stated to the writer  that  it cost as  much 
to  produce  most  kinds of  shoes  in  his 
country as it does like  kinds in America. 
Said  he : 
“If  transportation  was  as 
direct, regular and  cheap  between  New 
York and South American  ports  as it  is 
between  German  ports  and  South 
America,  I  could  afford  to  remove  my 
factory to America.”
What a sorry comment it is our on enter­
prise as a nation  that we  make  the sole 
leather from South  American  hides, sell 
it  to  European  manufacturers, 
to  be 
made up into shoes  for  the  people  who 
gather the hides, we  having  no share  in 
the manufacturing profits, except  on  the 
leather,  and  none on  the  transportation 
profits.  Other  nations  encourge  com­
merce by a j udicious system of subsidies.
As  a  nation  we  are  now  so  situated 
that we can manufacture  in  competition 
with  other  nations.  What  we  need  is 
means for  transporting  our  products as 
cheaply as they to  the various  markets. 
These may be secured  if  manufacturers 
and workmen  will  made  a  united effort 
to secure the necessary legislation.
Much  is  said of  the  benefits likely  to 
arise from the  grand  international exhi- 
dition  in  1892. 
If  steps  are  taken  be­
tween now and that  time to increase our 
commercial  marine,  and  the  establish­
ment of  rapid  and  regular  steam  com­
munication with those countries likely to 
be buyers, then the exposition will benefit 
our manufacturers  by increasing  the ex­
port trade,  but if  nothing is done in that 
direction, the exhibition will be no benefit 
to our export  trade.

A   “  Saucy”  Business  Letter.

A story  is  told of  a  prominent  T-----
street clothing firm.  Looking  over their 
books they discovered an account of long 
standing.  “ Write him  a  saucy  letter,” 
said  the  junior  member  to  the  book­
keeper.  “ Yes,  make  it  very  strong,” 
replied the senior.  The book-keeper fol­
lowed  instructions  and  penned the  fol­
lowing: 
“ Your  account  is  past  due. 
If  you do not  settle  within ten days  we 
will draw on  you at  sight.”  This letter 
was handed to the firm.
:‘Do you think that is a smart letter ?” 
asked one of  them.
“ It is a business  one,” said the  book­
keeper.
“ Well, I don’t  think  so,” replied  the 
former.
“ Give me your  pen, and I’ll  show you 
the way to do  it,”  and  he  proceeded  to 
write the following:

“ Who bought my goods ?  You.”
“ Who  promised  to  pay  for  them? 
“ Who didn’t do so ?  You.”
“ Who is a liar and a thief?”
And, after signing the firm’s name,  he 
handed  the  effort  chucklingly  to  the 
book-keeper.

“ Yours.”

You.”

C r o c k e r y   & G la s s w a r e

LAMP  BURNERS.

6 doz. In box.

First quality.
“ 
“ 
XXX Flint.

N o.OSun...............................................
No. 1  “  ................................... .......... ..
No. 2  “  .................................................
Tubular...................................................
LAMP  CHIMNEYS.—Per bOX.
No. 0 Sun.....................................  ..........
No. 1  “  ................................................
No. 2  “  .................................................
No. 0 Sun, crimp  top..............................
No. 1  “ 
“  ..............................
No. 2  “ 
“  ..............................
No. 0 Sun, crimp top..............................
“  ..............................
No. 1  “ 
No. 2  “ 
“  ..............................
No. 1 Sun, wrapped and  labeled...........
“ 
No. 2  *• 
...........
No. 2 Hingfe,  “ 
...........
No. 1 Sun, plain bulb,  per doz..............
No. 2  “ 
...............
No. 1 crimp, per doz...............................
“ 
No. 2 
................................

La Bastic.

Pearl top.

“ 
STONEWARE—AKRON.

“ 
“ 

“ 
“ 

“ 

“ 

“ 

“ 

Butter Crocks, per gal.............................
Jugs, Vi gal., per doz..............................
..............................
..............................
Milk Pans, V4 gal., per doz.  (glazed 66c) 
“  90c)
“ 

“  1 
“  2 
“ 
“ 

“ 
“ 
1  “ 

“ 
“ 

( 

fruit jars—Per  gro.

Mason’s, pints.........................................
q u a rts......................................
54-gallon...................................
Lightning, quarts...................................
*4-gallon................................

“ 
“ 
“ 

45
4870
75

1  90 
.2  00 
.3 00
.2 15 
.2 25 
.3 25
.2 58 
.2 80 
.3 80
.3 70 
4 70 
.4 70
1  25 
1  50 
1  40 
1  60

06H 
65 
90 
1  80 
60 
78

8 9 50 
10  00 
13 00 
12  00 
16 00

A,H. Spangler & C o

WHOLESALE  DEALERS  IN

FRUITS *p PRODUCE

And General Commission Merchants. □ 

EAST  SAGINAW,  MICH.

We buy and sell all kinds of  fruit  and 
produce and solicit  correspondence with 
both buyers and  sellers. 

»

SEEDS!

If in want of Clover or Timothy, 
Orchard, Blue Grass, or Bed Top, 
or, in  fact,  Any  Kind  of  Seed, 
send or  write to the
S e e d  S to re,
71  Canal  St.,  GRAND  RAPIDS.
W.T.LAMOREAUX.

Grand Rapids  Fire  Insurance  Co.

Gash  Capital,  $200,000.

HISTORY—Commenced  Business  Novein- 

, 

ber,  1882:

Year.
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888

Assets 
Dec. 31st.
8100,359
109,793
,115,670
126,257
239,501
275,595
300,227

Total
Income.
8  2,578
25,276
40,933
51,054
57,759
102,181
123,240

Total
Expend’s Surplus.
$ 2,675
16,505
35,142
41.168
45,660
66,558
99,249

8 5,378
20,695
35,983

DIRECTORS:

Julius Houseman, George  W.  Gay,  Martin  L. 
Sweet,  I.  M.  Weston,  H.  Widdicomb,  J.  W. 
Champlin, D. A. Blodgett, S. F. Aspinwall, James 
Blair, T. Stewart White, Philo C. Fuller, E. Crof- 
ton Fox, A  J. Bowne,  Thos.  M.  Peck,  Francis 
Letellier, Grand Rapids;  C. T. Hills, Muskegon; 
R.  A.  Alger,  Detroit;  Dwight  Cutler,  Grand 
Haven;  F.  B.  Stockbridge,  Kalamazoo;  O.  M. 
Barnes, Lansing;  W. R. Burt, East  Saginaw.

JULIUS  HOUSEMAN, President.
S. F. ASPINWALL, Secretary.

“COLUMBIA.”

Steam  and  Hot  Water  Boiler  for  warming 
HUM  &  SCHNEIDER,  Grand  Rapids.

dwellings,  etc.

U C T R o W f i s
*   S K r ’C o .y p e i'J  * jr
PK0 ©* ES'é Qàgjr' 3  Vj&wÊ

GRANO RAPIDE MICH.

iâs>le? 

'" O O O t . M C T A L   FÜ r m i t URE

BRass  rule

LEADS 

B o v iv  

H.  Leonard  &  Sons.

G ra n d   R a p id s,  M ieh .

Near Union  Depot. 

- 

- 

- 

Cor. Spring and Fulton 8ts.

If w e   h a v e   n o t  se n t  y o u   o u r   n e w   H o lid a y  
C a ta lo g u e   N o .  1 0 0 , w e  s h a ll  b e p le a s e d  to se n d  
o n e   o n   r eq u e st.  T h e  la r g e s t lin e  o f S ta p le   a n d  
F a n c y   G o o d s 
in  
W e s t e r n   M ic h ig a n .
Terms on Holiday Goods--Due Jan. 1.  Buy early while assort­

lin e   e v e r   s h o w n  

th is 

in  

ment is complete.

ALSO  SEND  FOB  OUB  GLASSWARE  AND  CROCKERY  CATALOGUE  NO. 99 

AND  LAMP  AND  LAMP  GOODS  CATALOGUE  NO.  101,  IF 

YOU  HAVE  NOT  RECEIVED  THEM.

H.  Leonard  &  Sons.

H E S T E R .   Sc  E O I X ,

Manufacturers’ Agents for

S A W  A XTD  G R IS T  M IL L  M A C H IN E R Y ,
S e n d   fo r 
C a ta lo g u e  

A T L A S ENGINEWORKS

INDIANAPOLIS.  IND.V  U.  S

a n d  

P r

M A N U F A C T U R E R S   O F

ENGINES&

Engines and Boilers In Stock 
for  immediate  delivery.

Planers, Matchers, Moulders and all kinds of Wood-Working Machinery, 

Saws, Belting and  Oils.

And  Dodge’s  Patent Wood Split Pulley.  Large stock  kept on hand.  Send for Samph 
Write for Prices. 

Pulley and become convinced of their superiority.

44. 46 and 48 So. Division St.. GRAND RAPIDS, MICH.

D IR E C T IO N S

We navr cooked the corn in this cau 
sufficient! 
Should  be  Thoroughly 
Warmed  *iwtcooked) adding  piece  ol 
jroo't Butter (size of hen’s egg j and gil.
fresh  milk  (preferable  to  water.; 
Season to suit when on the table. None4 
genuine unless bearing the signature oi

Davenport  Canning 0O
. 

Davenport,  la.

Fac  Simile  of  the  Label  of

The Best Sconring and Cleaning Soap in the World
Costs as much to manufacture as Sapolio,  yet  sells  at 
about half the price  (82.75 per box of 72 cakes).  Can be 
retailed for as  much  with  equal  or better value to the 
consumer,  although  It  Is  generally  sold  at  5  cents  a 
cake.  Cut this out, and ask your Jobber  to  send you a 
box of Pride of the Kitchen.  It is worth trying.

WM.  Pi.  K E E LE R  < £  C O . ,

W h o lesa le  C o n fe ctio n ers,

412  SOUTH  DIVISION  STREET. 

TELEPHONE  92-3R.

We wish to announce to the trade that we are prepared to meet all competition in 

our line,  which comprises a full line of confectionery, fruit and nuts.

We also  carry  the Finest Line of Christmas Goods in the City.

Do not forget that we are agents for Rueckheim Bros.’ Penny Goods, which are 
the best goods made, although sold at the same price as other  makes.  Mail order» 
promptly attended to.

E D W IN   E A E E A S ,

Butter, Egp, Fairfield Cheese, Foreip Fruits, Mince Meat, Nets, Ete.

J O B B E R   O F

Oyster and Mince Meat Business Running Full  Blast.  Butter and Sweet Potatoes 

Going Like Hot Cakes.  Let your orders come.

Office  and  Salesroom, No.  9 Ionia St.,  Grand Rapids,  Mich.

Grand Rapids Frilit and ProdilGe Go,

Headquarters  for  G.  WILKINSON  &  SON’S

E a n c y  J e r s e y

S w e e t  P o ta to es.

3 NORTH IONIA  ST., GRAND RAPIDS.

M O S E L E Y   B R O S .,

F r u its ,  S eeds, O y ste rs § P ro d u c e .

------WHOLESALE------

All kinds of Field Seeds a Specialty.

If yon are in market to buy or sell Clover Seed,  Beans or  Potatoes,  will be 

26,28, 30 and 32 Ottawa  St., 

pleased to hear from yon.
- 

- 

Alfred  J. 

WHOLESALE

GRAND  RAPIDS.

,

AUTOMATIC  CUT  OFF

mUNE&BOULtiCd,
F N 6IN IS

N RIVALLED for STRENG TH
C L O S E   R E G U L A T IO N .

DURABILITY  and 

THE LAN! &  B93LIÏ

D B A   T i l

'To th e JPass Booh•

Such is the fate of the  Pass Book System wherever it comes in

contact with the

Tradesman  Gredit  Goifpon  Book,

Which is now used by over 2,600  Michigan  merchants.

The Tradesman Coupon  is  the  cheapest  and  most modern in 

the market, being sold as follows:

SUBJECT  TO  THE  FOLLOWING DISCOUNTS:
Orders for  200 or over.............5 per cent

8  2 Coupons, per hundred., 
8  5
810
820

“

$2.50
3.00
4.00
5.00

“ 
“ 

“
“
SEND  IN SAMPLE ORDER AND  PUT YOUR BUSINESS ON  A  CASH  BASIS.

E l  8T0WE 4 BR0„ Grand Rapids.

“  500  “ 
“  1000  “ 

 
10 
...........20 

16  and  18  North  Division  Street,  Grand Rapids.

Shipper and Retail Dealer in

A .  H I  M B S ,

Office, 54 Pearl St. Grand Rapids, Mich. CO A L

LBhighl/alleuGoalGo.’s

THE  ABOVE  COMPANY’S  COAL  IN  CAR  LOTS  ALWAYS  ON  TRACK  READY  FOR

SHIPMENT.

M I C H IG A N   C I G A R   CO.,

Big  Rapids,  Mich•

MANUFACTURERS OF THE JUSTLY CELEBRATED

“M.  C.  C.” “Yum Yim i”

The Most Popular Cigar. 

The Best Selling Cigar on the Market.

SEND  FOR  TRIAL  ORDER.

D B T R O IT  S O A P  C O .,

Manufacturers of the following well-known brands:

QUEEN  ANNE,  MOTTLED  GERMAN,  ROYAL  BAR,  CZAR, 
_______________  

AND  OTHERS. 

CAMEO
________________

TRUE  BLUE, 

MASCOTTE. 

SUPERIOR, 

PHCENIX, 

For quotations in single box lots,  see  Price  Current.  For quotations in larger 

quantities,  address,

H 7  
WV.  L r . 

U  A   1 1 7 TIV Si 
i l A   » V l l I l l O i   LOCK  BOX  173, 

Salesman for  Western Michigan,

GRAND  RAPIDS.

B L IV E N   &  A L L Y N ,

Sole Agents for the  Celebrated

“BIG F  Brand of  Oysters.

In Cans and Bulk, and Large Handlers of OCEAN FISH, SHELL CLAMS and OYSTERS  We make 

a specialty of fine goods in our line and are prepared to quote prices at any time  We solicit 

consignments of all kinds of Wild Game, such as Partridges, Quail, Ducks, Bear, etc.

H.  M.  BLIVEN,  Manager. 

63  Pearl  St.

»

*

*

#

GROCERIES.

The Condition o f Trade. 

from the New Y ork Shipping List.
The volume of  general trade continues 
large even for this season of  the year and 
the evidences of growing commercial and 
industrial  prosperity  are  abundant  as 
well  as  encouraging.  Bank  clearances 
continue  in excess of  the  corresponding 
period last  year,  the  distributive  move­
ment of  merchandise  westward  and  the 
shipments of produce eastward are crowd­
ing the principal lines  of  transportation 
with traffic, the remunerative character of 
which  is  reflected  in  the  satisfactory 
exhibit made from  week  to  week of  in­
creased  railroad  earnings; 
industrial 
enterprise  is  actively  employed  supply­
ing the  legitimate  requirements of  con­
sumption, notably the  iron  and steel  in­
dustries  which  continue  to  show  sub­
stantial improvement;  the  export move* 
ment of  produce  is  of  satisfactory  pro­
portions, with the most active season for 
shipment  yet to  come  and  the  general 
financial situation  is far less threatening 
than might  be  gathered  from  the mone­
tary  stringency  that  prevails  in  Wall 
street.  The  inconvenience  of  the  last 
named  feature  has  been  felt  chiefly in 
speculative circles, and operations of this 
description  have  been  necessarily  cur­
tailed in consequence,  but the influences 
that have given prominence  to  the bear­
ish  temper of  the  stock  market are  the 
direct  result  of  the  generel  prosperity 
which the  country is  enjoying;  unusual 
trade  and  industrial  activity  and  the 
marketing  of  enormous  crops  having 
called into requisition the available  sup­
ply  of  floating  capital  and  drained  the 
resources of  the  chief  financial centers. 
This is  a  very  different  state  of  affairs 
from the  absorption  of  funds  by  specu­
lative inflation and lends a healthy aspect 
to the monetary stringency which  specu­
lative bears are temporarily using to their 
advantage. 
the  natural 
course of  trade  will  reverse  the flow of 
the monetary  current and its return will 
mean  a  considerable  addition  to  the 
material  wealth  of  the  country.  Not 
withstanding the closeness of the  money 
market in  this city, the general financial 
situation is  really improving.  Money  is 
easier in London  and  on the  Continent 
foreign exchange  is  lower,  thq banks in 
this city are gradually recruiting their re 
sources 
conservative 
methods, the  urgency for funds  for com 
mercial  purposes  has  probably  reached 
its maximum and while the return move 
ment  may  be  delayed,  the  drain  will 
slacken and hence the tendency is toward 
a readjustment  and the establishment of 
normal  conditions.  The  general  con­
dition of  trade has  undergone very little 
change since the close of last week.  The 
distributive  movement  in  this  city  has 
been of  fair  proportions, the  shipment 
of  merchandise and produce being stimu 
lated to some extent by the desire to take 
advantage of the low rates of freight that 
will cease with the close  of  inland  navi­
gation and which will  be  available  only 
for a  few weeks longer.  Speculation  is 
more or less subdued in all directions and 
chiefly of  a  professional  character,  and 
hence  fluctuations  in  value  are without 
significance.  Wheat  has  ruled  easy 
consequence  of  heavy  receipts  in  the 
west and  a falling  off  in  the  export  de­
mand on account  of  high ocean freights, 
cotton is' lower  because  of  the large  re­
ceipts  from  plantations  as  well  as  the 
heavy export shipments.  Notwithstand­
ing an improved  demand  for  anthracite 
coal prices are barely steady,  supplies at 
tide  water  having  increased,  although 
the  total  quantity  mined  thus  far  this 
year is about 2,000,000 tons less than last 
year.

and  pursuing 

In  due  time 

The  G rocery  M arket.

Sugar  has  sustained a further  decline 
of 
during the  past week and  the
end is not yet.  Low grades of  coffee are 
off %c, but the  higher  grades  are  hold­
ing  their  own.  Black  tea 
is  strong. 
Tomatoes,  corn  and  gallon  apples  are 
stiffening up, and the  latter are likely to 
be very scarce.  Canned fruits of all kinds 
are scarce and the  market is firm.  New 
Turkey prunes  are expected in  in about 
two weeks.  Valencia raisins are steady, 
the option sales  in  New York on Friday 
having stiffened the  market very materi­
ally.  Buckwheat  is  down  He  per  lb. 
The quotations on oil  are withdrawn,  as 
there is  no  longer  any  market  on  that 
article.  Jobbers are taking whatever the 
trade is  offering,  as the Standard Oil Co. 
is bent on  securing all  the  trade in  oil, 
no  matter  what  price  is  offered.  The 
Standard purports to  ask 10%c, but sold 
several lots of  water white  last  week as 
low as 9c, and in  many cases  made sales 
at 9Kc.  As the  Standard  is disinclined 
to hold the  price  firm  at  any point,  the 
jobbers are inclined  to  follow  suit,  and 
cutting and slashing  is  the order  of  the 
day.

W ool,  H ides  and  Tallow .

Wools are changing hands slowly, with 
the bulk held at l@2c per lb.  above buy­
ers’  views.  Enough,  however,  is  being 
sold to keep the mills running in a small 
way.  Manufacturers buy only from hand 
to mouth, unless concessions are made in 
prices, preferring to  wait sales on heavy 
weight goods, c  Large quantities of wools 
have been shipped back to England from 
bond, as they are bringing  more  on  the 
other side. 
Prices  in  Boston are lower 
than any other part of the  world.

Hides are lower for light weights, with 
full supplies.  Western  tanners are free 
takers,  with a dull  leather  market  only 
for choice stock.

Tallow is dull at Ha decline.

best of  families”  and  T h e   T r a d e s m a n 

“ Mistakes  sometimes  happen  in  the 

is no exception  to the  general  rule.  If 
such were not the case, an error of  a cent 
a pound would  not  have  been  made  in 
the sugar  prophesy  of  S. M.  Lemon  in 
last week’s paper.

TRICKS  OF  THE  TRADE.

H ow  the  Sharp and  E xperienced  Clerk 

, 

,,

B eguiles  the  Innocent  P urchaser.
“ There  are  tricks  in  all  trades  but 
ours,”  is  one  of  the  aphorisms  of  the 
It  reminds the specula­
business world. 
tive observer of  the old woman who seri­
ously remarked,  “ The  world  is  full  of 
queer  folks. 
I’m  glad  I’m  not  one  of 
’em.” 
The candid clerk would  never  be  able 
to starve to death respectably.  He would 
be  discharged  before  he  had  told  the 
truth  twice. 
Imagine  him  saying  to  a 
customer:  “ Here is a piece of goods that 
is  so  coarse  that  you  can  shoot  peas 
through it, and all cotton at that, although 
is marked  half  wool. 
It will  fade  at 
the first wearing.  How many yards shall 
cut you off ?”
He would  himself  be cut  off  from  his 
business prospects without the customary 
hilling.
A youth  of  this  sort  was  engaged  as 
sistant  in a  grocery  store.  He prided 
himself on his honesty and candor.  When I 
he  saw  his  employer  sell  a  pound  of 
prunes  he  said  in  the  presence  of  the 
customer:  “ You  must  be  glad  to  sell 
another pound of those wormy old prunes. 
They’ll soon  be all gone.”
The  next  moment  he  was  out  of  a 
ituation.
The shrewd business man leaves some­
thing to the intelligence of his customers.
As long as a thing is  not misrepresented 
let them find out  defects for themselves.
But  the  day  of  sanding  the  sugar  and 
wetting down the  tobacco is over.  There 
is an inveiglement of  another  kind now. 
Chromo cards  and  gifts  have  had  their 
day, but there  is the quarter-off  and the 
half-off  sale.
Can anyone outside of  the business tell 
how the  accomplished  clerk  holds  up  a 
piece of  dress  goods  in that  little pyra­
mid on the counter where the light strikes | 
it so as to bring out  in bold relief all  its 
best colors and make it look as if it  were j 
the loveliest  fabric  in  the  store ?  One 
clerk  will  say, with  his  head  over  the 
side like a little bird :
It  looks  like  you. Miss-----. 
It’s  a
fact;  I thought of  you  as soon  as I  saw'
I said to myself  Miss-----will  want
it. 
a dress off that piece.”
Another will remark incidentally under 
the same  circumstances:  “ Your  friend,
Mrs. Col.-----, bought a dress  from  that
piece.”
The  customer  hesitates—and  is  lost.
In other words, she buys the goods, being 
helplessly eushimmered in the science of 
delusion by those clerks who  know  their 
business.
A lady went into a dry goods store aDd 
asked to see some goods displayed in  the 
window.
“You don’t want that style of  goods,” 
said the clerk, who  knew  his  customer, 
“you wouldn’t wear it.”
Then he took  down  dress  after  dress 
from his reserve stock and as  he  did  so 
remarked,  casuallly:
“You  wouldn’t  wear a window  dress. 
This, now, has not  been  shown before.”
Of course, the  customer  was  flattered 
into  buying a dress,  and  the  clerk  was 
right.  He knew that the goods removed 
from the illusion of plate glass would not 
please  her.  A  clerk  soon learns that a 
lady is never offended when her tastes are 
remembered and alluded to with graceful 
tact.
A customer  sees a sale  of  half-off ad­
vertised at a clothing store where a month 
ago he bought a suit for $30.  He tells  a 
friend who has admired his  suit  that  he 
can get one  just  like it for $15, and hur­
ries him off to the clothing store.
“Show this  gentleman a suit like mine 
—the same thing.”
“Certainly,  sir!  This  way, sir.  They 
are marked down  now w’ith the rest, $25, 
sir.”
“But you are advertising all your goods 
at half-price.  What  does this mean?” 
“Oh, not such goods as those,  sir.  Im­
possible.  Why, look at the quality.  We 
are selling our regular stock at half-price, 
but these—„  and  words  fail  him  to do 
justice to the subject.
And very  likely  the  man  buys a suit 
which cost originally  less than  $15,  and 
is  perfectly  satisfied  in  getting  it  $5 
cheaper  than  his  friend  bought  his, 
merely  recognizing  commercial  acumen 
in the trick of half-off.
The best salesmen of to-day do not per­
sist as  much as  their  predecessors  did. 
They make their goods  speak  for  them­
selves.  An old merchant relates a story 
of a clerk of long ago who tried  so  hard 
to sell a dress to a customer that  he  fol­
lowed the lady to the door with the goods. 
Then  he  began  to unroll it and the cus­
tomer took hold of an end of  the cloth to 
prevent it falling on the floor, so it went. 
He  unrolled  the  goods  until she held a 
dress pattern  in  her  arms  and  she felt 
compelled to take it.  Another clerk was 
approached by a lady who wanted  white 
silk mitts.  He did not have any, but he 
jumped over  the  counter  and  followed 
her to the door  to  tell  her he had a new 
bolt  of  brown  linen  sheeting  in and a 
recipe for bleaching it white.  This was 
in the good old days when the  town  was 
a village,  and everybody knew everybody 
else’s business.  The  enterprising  clerk 
knew his customer for white silk mitts was 
about to be married and go to housekeep­
ing and would  need  house  linen.  This 
gauging of women’s needs  and  reconcil­
ing them  with  their  purses  is  quite an 
enterprising  feature  of  business  at  all 
times.
It is a fact  that the  dry goods store  is 
the principal  attraction of  the  business 
street and a fertile spot  in  the  desert  of 
commerce.  It has color, variety and an at 
traction  that no other place can possibly 
have.  The commonest piece of  red  and 
yellow stuff will look rich and elegant in 
those long graceful  folds that  have such 
precision of  detail,  yet  look so  careless 
and artistic in the total  effect-  The man 
who did  that  gauges  his  usefulness  by 
those folds. 
It  is  related of the late  A 
T.  Stewart,  the  millionaire  merchant, 
that in  passing  through  the  side of  his 
great store  in which the  goods were  ex 
posed for sale—that opposite to the Broad 
way  side—he  saw  a  piece  of  velvet 
stacked to  catch  the  eye.  He  inquired 
who had arranged it in that way, sent for 
the man who was  a new  hand, and  told 
him it was  wrong.  The  man  answered 
Mr. Stewart that  it was  the  proper  way 
to display that class of  goods.  Mr. Stew 
art said no more, but he watched and saw 
the velvets managed in this way forborne 
months.  Then he  sent  for the man  and 
promoted him  to  the velvet  department 
of  the wholesale store.

I  saw  that  you  knew  more  about 
velvets than I did myself,” was  the only 
explanation  he gave.  The  best  clerk  is 
the reader of  human nature.  He coerces 
one into buying and intimidates another. 
The merchants  have a  proverb  that any 
salesmen can  sell a  enstomer  the  goods 
that she  came  to  purchase, but  he  is  a 
good  salesman who  sells  her  what  she 
does  not  want.  Every  clerk  has  his 
particular friends who like to trade  with 
him because  he is  obliging or  courteous 
or entertaining. 
It is  his  trick cf  trade 
to be all these to his customers.

The  P.  o f I.  D ealers.

The following are the P.  of  I.  dealers 
wh.o had not cancelled  their  contracts at 
last accounts:

J.  B. 
Joseph

E.  P. Shankweiler & Co., Mrs. Turk. 

Ketchum.
Berles, A. Wilzinski.

sions.
Fish,  L. A. Gardiner.
& Smith, J. Andrews, C. P.  Lock. 

Altona—Eli Lyons.
Assyria—J. W. Abbey.
Bellevue—John Evans.
Big Rapids—C. A. Verity, A. V. Young, 
Brice—J.  B. Gardner.
Burdside—Jno.  G. Bruce  & Son.
Capac—H. C. Sigel.
Ses
Carson City—A. B. Loomis,  A. Y 
Cedar  Springs—John  Beucus,  B. 
A.
Charlotte—John  J.  Richardson,  Daron 
Chester—P.  C. Smith.
Coral—J. S. Newell & Co.
East Saginaw—John P. Derby.
Flint—John B. Wilson.
Flushing—Sweet Bros.  & Clark. 
Fremont—Boone  &  Pearson, 
Grand  Rapids—John  Corde 
Harvard—Ward Bros.
Hersey—John Finkbeiner.
Howard City—Henry Henkel. 
Hubbardston—M. Cahalen.
Imlay City—Cohn Bros.
Kent  City—R.  McKinnon, M.  L. Whit­
Lapeer—C.  Tuttle & Son,  W.  H.  Jen­
Maple Rapids—L. S. Aldrich.
Mecosta—Parks  Bros.
Millington—Chas. H.  Valentine.
Morley—Henry Strope.
Nashville—Powers & Stringham, H. M, 
Newaygo—A. V. Thompson.
Ogden—A. J. Pence.
Olivet—F. H. Gage.
Remus—Geo. Blank.
Riverdale—J. B. Adams.
Rockford—B. A. Fish.
Sand  Lake—Brayman & Blanchard. 
Shepherd—H.  O. Bigelow.
Sparta—Dole& Haynes, Woodin & Van 
Stanwood—F. M.  Carpenter. 
Sumner—J. B. Tucker.
Wheeler—Louise  (Mrs.  A.)  Johnson, 
H.  C.  Breckenridge,  M.  H.  Bowerman, 
Thos.  Horton.

ney.
nings.

Winkle.

Lee.

, 

V ile  E xpedients  U sed  to   E ncourage  a 

•Vile  H abit.

Referring to the growth of the cigarette 
habit, the New York Metropolis remarks: 
But the fault is not altogether with the 
boys, nor must they alone be held respon­
sible for the prevalence of the disgusting 
vice.  The manufacturers  are even more 
to blame than the boys.  There is a law 
forbidding the sale of cigarettes to minors; 
but  the  law  is  respected  more  in  the 
breach than in the observance.  No boy 
with a cent in  his pocket encounters any 
difficulty in exchanging it for  the  paper 
rolls of offense.  Nor  are  the  lads per­
mitted to forget  the  hateful thing, how*’ 
ever strong  may  be  their  resolution  to 
abandon  it.  On  every  dead  wall  and 
fence  the  flaming  posters  in  gorgeous 
colors remind them  of  the latest brands. 
In the  windows  of  every  tobacco  shop 
they see displayed  viciously  fascinating 
pictures advertising the  cheap and nasty 
goods.  Broadsides  of  the  great news­
papers are filled with  announcements  of 
them.  As an additional attraction, every 
package  sold  contains a  highly  colored 
picture of some famous actress  or  noted 
character, presenting,  not  merely a por-1 
trait of  female  beauty  and loveliness— 
which in itself  might not be unattractive 
—but so draped and  postured  as  to  ap­
peal to the basest senses  of  the budding 
youth.  The  enormous  expense  these 
cigarette  makers  incur  in  advertising 
their goods,  when  considered  in connec­
tion  with  the  extremely  low  price  at 
which the goods are  sold,  furnishes  the 
most convincing evidence of their lack of 
intrinsic value.  Take a package of twenty 
cigarettes, usually retailed for five cents, 
and  estimate  the  retail  and  wholesale 
profits on them;  then consider the cost of 
manufacture — labor,  rent,  machinery, 
etc.;  and the enormous amounts paid for 
advertising  and  for  the  gift  pictures 
which accompany them,  and  it  will  re 
quire a skillful  mathematician  to figure 
out  any  margin left for the purchase  of 
tobacco with which to make them.  Yet 
they are  all  advertised  as  made  of the 
very best  quality  of  tobacco,  which, of 
course,  should  cost  the  highest  price, 
when, in fact, the best is  the  worst. 
Is 
not this a clear give away?  Is it notevi 
dence  that  only  refuse  tobacco,  or the 
scrapings of the gutters, can  be  utilized 
by  the  manufacturers  in  filling  these 
alluring  but  worthless 
contrivances? 
Such is the fact,  no  matter  how  loudly 
the maker may  boast  of  the  purity and 
excellence  of  the  tobacco used.  Good 
tobacco could not be used in them,  at the 
prices at which they are  supplied,  with 
out bankrupting the manufacturer.  They 
are made,  as the  Metropolis  has  hereto­
fore  pointed  out,  from the  half-smoked 
cigars  thrown  away  by  cigar  smokers 
with an admixture  of  drugs,  principally 
opium,  to  destroy  the  rank  flavor and 
impart an agreeable  odor.  This  show 
the profitableness  of  the  occupation  of 
the  swarms  of  Italian  boys,  working 
under the immediate supervision  of  the 
lazy padrones  in  the  early hours of  the 
morning,  searching  the  gutters  for dis 
carded cigar stubs.

PRODUCE  MARKET.

v

Apples—Dealers  pay  25@50c  per  bu.  for  fall 
and winter fruit, holding Kings and  Pippins  at 
$2.25 per bbl. and Kings and Snows at $2.50.  Or­
dinary varieties  command $1.75 per bbl.
Beans—Dealers  pay  $1.25  for  unpicked  and 
$1.50 for picked, holding at $1.75@$2 per bn.
Beets—40c per bu.
Butter—Dairy is held steady atl9@20c.  Cream-
ery is firm at 24@25c.
Buckwheat Flour—$5.25 per bbl. for New York
Cabbages—$3 per 100. 
Cheese—Jobbers hold September  and  October 
make at 113£@»234c.
Cider—10c per gal.
Cooperage—Pork barrels, $1.25;  produce barrels 
25c.Cranberries—Cape Cod readily command  $9.25 
@$9.75 per bbl.
Dried Apples—New evaporated are  held  at  8c 
and new sundried at 534c. 
Eggs—Jobbers pay 18c  for  fresh  and  hold  at 
20c.  Pickled and cold storage  stock  commands 
about  19c. 
Field  Seeds—Clover,  mammoth, $4.35 per bu.; 
medium, $4.25.  Timothy,  $1.50 per bu
Grapes—Concords,  4c;  Catawbas,  6c;  Dela­
wares, 10c. 
Honey—In small demand.  Clean  comb  com- 
mands 15c per lb. 
, .
Onions—Dealers  pay 35c for clean stock, hold­
ing at 45@’ 5c.
Pop Corn—4c per lb.
Potatoes—The  market is  weak.  Dealers pay 
25@30c and sell at 35c.
Squash—Hubbard, 2c per lb.
Sweet Potatoes—Fancy Jersey stock commands 
Tomatoes—Green command 75c  per  bu.;  npe, 
Turnips—30c per bu.

$3 per  bbl.  Muscatines, $3 per  bbl.
$1 per bu.

.
. 

. 

„ 

, 

.

.

PROVISIONS.

“ 

“ 

“ 
“ 

The Grand Rapids  Packing  and Provision Co, 

8

PORK  IN  BARRELS.

s m o k e d   m e a t s—Canvassed or Plain.

quotes as follows:
Mess, new......................................................  It
Short cut Morgan...........................................  10 50
Extra clear pig, short cut..............................   U J™
Extra clear,  heavy.........................................   J2 JJ0
Clear, fat back..............................................   12 00
Boston clear, short cut...................................  1* 00
Clear back, short cut......................................  1* 00
Standard clear, short cut, best......................  12 00
Hams, average 20 lbs........................................10/4
16 lbs........................................10?£
12 to 14 lbs................................H
picnic.....................................................  6%
best boneless......................................... 9
Shoulders.............................................. ...........jj?*
boneless..........................
9 34 
Breakfast Bacon, boneless................
994 
Dried beef, ham prices......................
6 
Long Clears, heavy.............................
6 
Briskets,  medium..............................
6
lig h t....................................
» l a r d —Kettle Rendered.
Tierces ................................................
Tubs.....................................................
501b.  Tins..........................................
Tiprpps
30 and 50 lb. Tubs..............................
634
lb. Pails, 20 in a  case......................
6%
lb. Pails, 12 in a case........................
6149%
10 lb. Pails, 6 in a case........................
20 lb. Pails, 4 in a case.......................
.614
50 lb. Cans...........................................
Extra Mess, warranted 200 lbs......................   7 00
Extra Mess, Chicago packing........................  7 00
Plate................................................................. 7 25
Extra Plate......................................................   7 75
Boneless, rump butts.....................................  9 uu
Pork Sausage.....................................................
Ham Sausage....................................................12
Tongue Sausage................................................
Frankfort  Sausage...........................................  °
Blood Sausage...................................................  jj-4
Bologna, straight..............................................  *94
...........   534
Bologna,  thick...........................
...........   534
Head Cheese................................
PIGS’  FEET.

s a u s a g e —Fresh and Smoked.

l a r d —Refined.

B EEF  IN  BARRELS.

714
714
714

In half barrels................................................. 325
In quarter barrels........................................... 2 op
In half  barrels................................................3 00
2  00 
In quarter barrels......................
75
In kits.........................................

TR IPE.

G ripsack B rigade.

Wallace  Franklin  is  in  Chicago  this 

week.

Fred  H.  Clarke,  Western  Michigan 
traveling representative for Walter Buhl 
&  Co.,  of  Detroit,  was in town one day 
last week.

Capt. Frank  Conlon,  traveling  repre­
sentative for  the  Price  Baking  Powder 
Co., left Monday  for  a  five  weeks’ trip 
through Ontario.

Geo. F. Owen is improving so  fast that 
he will soon  be  on  the  warpath  again. 
His  territory  is being covered during his 
illness by John  D. Mangum.

Leo A. Caro has  engaged  to travel  for 
the Banner  Cigar  Manufacturing Co., of 
Detroit,  covering the  trade of  this State 
and Northern Ohio, Indiana  and Illinois.

VISITING  BUYERS.

H ow ard City

V riesland  Blanchard & Beebe,Lansing 

Jo h n  De Vries.  Jam estow n Neal McMillan. Rockford 
H Van Noord, Jam estow n  A Purchase, So Blendon 
J  L Purchase, Bauer 
H M eijering. Jam estow n 
Sm allegan & P ickaard, 
M M inderhout, H anley 
Forest Grove  C F  Sears. R ockford 
G Ten H oor.  F o rest  Grove Ashley & B ennett,
John D am stra. Gltchell 
D R Stocum , Rockford
D enH erder & Tanis, 
John Sm ith, Ada
H Dalmon, Allendale 
J  H om rich,  No D orr 
G S Putnam , E ru itp o rt 
J  R aym ond, B erlin
J  R H arrison, S p arta 
M Heyboer & Bro„ O akland W S Adkins, Morgan 
H erder & L ahuis,  Zeeland L Cook, B auer 
L N Fisher,  D orr 
J  L H andy, Boyne City 
H D Plum b, Mill C reek 
H H Childs, Childs Mill 
W McWilliams, C onklin  M M Robson, Berlin
B V oorhorst. Overisel 
N Bouma. F isher 
M J Butler, Sand Lake
H essler Bros., R ockford 
_  L H eath, H astings 
Geo D L unn, E dm ore 
O W  M essenger .Spring Lke F  N arregang, Byron C enter 
Dr  A G Goodson,  Rockford H E H ogan, So Boardm an 
Dew itt & Rideout.SpringLk Eli Lyons, Altona 
M Boiander, H ubbarston  W G Tefft, Rockford 
Dr A H anlon & Son, 
J  N W ait, H udsonville 
DrE AFergU8on.MiddlevUle A N orris & Son,  Casnovia 
A W agner, E astm anville

D W Shattuck,  W ayland
LeFebre & Meyer,Gd Haven
Geo P S tark, Cascade 
L M W olf, HudsonviUe
W H Pipp, K alkaska 
Wm D etree, Zeeland 
Converse Mfg Co.,Newaygo
A D em lng* Co.,Fennville S S Dryden & Son,  Allegan 
Forbes &  K idder,  Hopkins 
W alling Bros., Lam ont
Wm V anPutten, H olland

G A Rpeneer. Peach Belt
W N H utchinson, G rant 

Nutm egs.

From  th e  H erald of Trade.
Nutmegs  grow  on  small trees  resem­
bling pear trees, cut down to about twenty 
feet  in  height.  The  flowers  are  very 
much like those of  the lily of the valley 
they  are pale yellow and  very  fragrant, 
The  leaves  stand  alternately  on  short 
foot  stalks;  are  oblong, pointed, entire 
bright  green,  and  somewhat  glossy  on 
their upper surface,  whitish beneath, and 
of  an aromatic  taste.  The fruit,  which 
appears on the tree mingled with flowers 
is round or  oval, of  the  size  of  a  small 
pecan,  smooth,  at  first  pale  green,  but 
yellow  when  ripe,  and  marked  with 
longitudinal furrow.  The external cover­
ing, which is at first thick and fleshy, and 
abounds in an  austere  astringent,  after 
ward  becomes  dry  and  leathery,  and 
separating into two valves from the apex 
discloses  a  scarlet  net-like  membrane 
commonly called mace,  closely  investing 
a thin  brown  shining  shell, which  con 
tains  the  kernel  or  nutmeg.  The  nut­
meg tree is a  native of  the Moluccas and 
other  neighboring  islands,  and  abounds 
especially  in  that  small  cluster  distin 
guished by the  name of  Bandas, whence 
the chief  supplies of  nutmegs  were long 
derived.  But the plant is now cultivated 
in  Sumatra,  Java,  Singapore,  Penang, 
Ceylon and other parts of the East Indies, 
and  has been introduced into the isles of 
France, Bourbon, Cayenne and several of 
the  West  India  Islands.  A  fine  tree  in 
Jamaica  has  over  4,000  nutmegs  on  it 
yearly.

A dealer marks his shoes in odd figures, 
such as $1.49, $2.47, to give  the  impres­
sion that he has screwed  the price down 
to the lowest point.

B u y   a  C a s e   o f

T I G E R

C O F F E E .

Sold  Under  Our  Personal  G uarantee.

I.  M .  C E A .R K   ¿t  SO N .

FRESH  MEATS.

“ 

Swift and Company quote as follows:
Beef, carcass...........................................   4  @ 6
“  hindquarters...................................5  @ 6
fore 
“ 
..............*........... 394® 4
loins................................................. 7  @ 7i
“ 
“ 
ribs..............................................   6  @ 614
“ 
tongues.........................................  @

Hogs..........................................................®
Pork  loins.......................................... 
 
Bologna......................
Sausage, blood  or head.
liver.................
Frankfort........
M utton...........................

.............  @ 8

 
..................  @ 
..................  @ 
..................  @ 
..................  @ 
.................6  @ 614

shoulders.

“ 
“ 

OYSTERS and FISH.

F. J. Dettenthaler quotes as follows:
Whitefish....................-..........................
smoked...................................
Trout........

FRESH   FISH .

“ 

o y s t e r s—Cans. 
Counts t................... .

o y s t e r s—Bulk.

Fairhaven 
Selects..  . 
F. J.  D.’s.. 
Anchors..

Selects,  ..

_ 
@ 734 

° 
@20
@35
....25  @28 
....  @20 
©18 
@16
@$1  15
©  1  6(

CANDIES,  FRUITS  and  NUTS.

The Putnam Candy Co. quotes as follows:

STICK.
 
 
M IXEB.

“ 

“ 
“ 

“ 
“ 
“ 

fancy—In 5 lb. boxes.

Standard, 25 lb. boxes.......................................10
25 
Twist, 
10
Cut Loaf, 25 
11
Royal, 25 lb. pails............................................. 10
“  2001b.  bbls..............................................914
Extra, 25 lb.  pails............ 
11
“  2001b.  bbls..............................................1014
French Cream, 25 lb.  pails........  ................   12
Lemon Drops.............................................
Sour Drops........................................................ J«j
Peppermint Drops............................................. 14
Chocolate Drops................................................ 14
H. M. Chocolate Drops..................................... 18
Gum Drops........................................................ 10
Licorice Drops................................................... Jo
A. B. Licorice  Drops........................................ 14
Lozenges, plain..................................................J4
printed.............................................15
Imperials........................................................... J4
Mottoes...............................................................J"
Cream Bar..........................................................J«»
Molasses Bar.............................................. -••• J“
Caramels..................................................... 16@J®
Hand Made  Creams..........................................18
Plain Creams..................................................... 18
Decorated Creams.............................................20
String  Rock.......................................................15
Burnt Almonds..................................................22
Wintergreen  Berries........................................ 14
Lozenges, plain, in  pails..................................12

fancy—In bulk.
“ 
in bbls.................................... 1134
printed, in pails...............................1294
“ 
Chocolate Drops, in pails..................................1234
Gum Drops, in pails.........................................   634
inbbls...........................................   534
Moss Drops, in pails..........................................10
inbbls............................................  934
Sour Drops, in pails.............................. 
J2
Imperials, in pails.............................................1134
inbbls...............................................1034
Oranges bbl..............................................  @7 00
Lemons, choice....................................... 4  0C@4 50
fancy, large  case.....................  ©& 00
Figs, layers, new....................................13  @16Q
Bags, 50 lb......................................   @ 5
Dates, frails, 50 lb ...................................  @ 434
34 frails, 50 lb..............................   @ 534
Fard, 10-lb.  box...........................  @  9
...........................  734@  8
Persian, 50-lb.  box......................   6  @ 734
Bananas.................................................. 1  25@1  50
Almonds, Tarragona...............................1634@17
Ivaca......................................   @15
California..............................13  @15
Brazils......................................................  @9
Filberts,  Sicily........................................ 1034@U
Walnuts, Grenoble..................................  @14
Pecans, Texas, H. P ................................  734@12
Cocoanuts, per 100...................................  @
PEANUTS.
Game Cocks................................................  @834
Star....................................... 
@734
Horse...........................................................  @634

California...............................   @1234

in bbls................................ 12

“  50-lb.  “ 

FRU ITS.

“ 
“ 
•« 
“ 

“ 
“ 

“ 
“ 

NUTS.

“ 
“ 

“ 

“ 

“ 

 

W holesale P ric e   C u rren t.

The  quotations  given  below  are  such  as are ordinarily offered cash buyers who 

pay promptly and buy in full packages.

SAL  SODA.

“ 

“ 

30 

SYRUPS.

SAFOLIO.
“ 

3  “ 
SAUERKRAUT.
“ 
“ 

Kegs....................................   13£
Granulated,  boxes.............. 2
Kitchen, 3 doz.  in box......   2 35
Hand, 
.......2 35
Silver Thread, 15 gallons----2 95
....4   75
Corn,  barrels...................   @26
one-half barrels__   @28
Pure  Sugar, bbl.............. 28@36
“ 
half barrel__ 30@38
XXX
994
9949%
9

SWEET  GOODS. X
Ginger Snaps.............. 9
Sugar  Creams.............9
Frosted  Creams..........
Graham  Crackers......
Oatmeal  Crackers......
Boxes................................
Kegs, English...................

SODA.

•534-4M

SUN CURED.

@16
@22
@29
@34
@15
@20
@28
@33
@20
@25
@35
@40
@35
@65
@85
@35
@50

TEAS.
japan—Regular.
F a ir.................... 
14
Good............................18
Choice..........................24
Choicest.......................30
F a ir............................. 14
Good............................16
Choice..........................24
Choicest.......................30
BASKET  FIR ED .
F a ir.............................
Choice.........................
Choicest......................
Extra choice, wire leaf
GUNPOWDER.
Common to  fair..........25
Extra fine to finest__ 50
Choicest fancy............75
Common to  fair..........20
Superior to fine............40
YOUNG  HYSON.
Common to  fair.......... 18
Superior to  fine..........30
Common to  fair..........25
@50
Superior to  fine..........30
@65
Fine to choicest..........55
ENGLISH  BREAKFAST.
F a ir.............................. 25  @30
Choice...........................30  @35
Best..............................55  @65
Tea  Dust......................  8  @10

IM PERIAL.

OOLONG.

tobaccos—Plug.

.  evaporated...

DRIED  FRUITS— C ltTO n.

d r i e d   f r u i t s —Domestic.
“ 

Apples, sun-dried— .  534®  5314
@834
@15
“
Apricots, 
Blackberries “
........... 12
Nectarines  “
........... 12
Peaches 
“
Plums 
“
........... 20
Raspberries  “
In drum........... ..........  @23
In boxes......................  @25
Zante, in  barrels........  @ 5%

DRIED  FRUITS—Currants.
in less quantity  @ 6
d r i e d   f r u i t s —Prunes.
Turkey........................434@ 494
Bosna......................5%@ 6
California...................  9&@10
d r i e d   f r u i t s —Raisins.
Valencias....................  794@ 8
Ondaras......................   9  @ 934
London  Layers,  Cali­
fornia.......................  @2 50
London Layers,  for’n.  @
Muscatels. California.  @2 35
DRIED  FRUITS—Feel.
Lemon........................  
13
Orange...... !................ 
14
| Farina, 100 lb.  kegs.............  04
Hominy,  per  bbl................3 50
60 
Macaroni, dom 12 lb box. 
imported...
@10 
Pearl  Barley...........
@ 3 
@1  40 
Peas, green..............
@ 3 
split.................
Sago,  German.........
@ 634 
Tapioca, fl’k or  p’rl.
@ 634 
Wheat,  cracked......
@ 634 
Vermicelli,  import..
@10 
@60
domestic.

FARINACEOUS  GOODS.

“ 

FLAVORING  EXTRACTS.

“ 
“ 
“ 
“ 
“ 

Jennings’ D. C. Lemon  Vanills 
1  25
2 oz. Panel, doz.  85 
2 25
“  1 40 
4 oz. 
6 oz. 
“  2 25 
3 25
No.  3, 
“  1 00 
1 60
No.  8, 
“  2 75 
4 00
6 00
No.10, 
“  4 50 
2 50
No.  4, Taper,  “  1  60 
34 pt,  Round, “  4 25 
7  50
1  “ 
“  8 50 
15 00
FISH— SALT.
Cod, whole..............   434@ 5
boneless..............   @7
H alibut......................   934@10
Herring,  round, 34 bbl.. 
gibbed.............  
Holland,  bbls.. 
Scaled  ...........  

2  75
2  75
12 00 
“  kegs, new  @  70
22
Mack,  sh’s, No. 2,  34  bbl  12 00 
12  lb k it..130 
10 
..120
Trout,  34  bbls.............4 00@4 50
10  lb.  kits.................   60
White,  No. 1, 34 bbls...........5 25
12 lb. kits...... 1  00
10 lb. kits......   80
Family,  34  bbls........2 50
50
kits

“ 

* «

3 00
4 00
5 00

S. W. Venable & Co.’s Brands.
Nimrod, 4x12 and  2x12............37
Reception, 22-5x12,16 oz.........36
Vinco,lx6, 434 to  fi>................ 30
Big 5 Center, 3x12,  12 oz........ 34
Wheel, 5 to  lb..........................37
Trinket, 3x9, 9  oz....................25
Jas. G. Butler  &  Co.’s  Brands.
Something Good..................... 37
Double Pedro..........................37
Peach  Pie................................37
Wedding  Cake, blk................ 37
“Tobacco” ............................... 37

tobaccos—Fine Cut.

D. Scotten & Co.’s Brands.

Hiawatha...................  
62
Sweet  Cuba................ 
37
tradesman credit coupons.
$ 2, per  hundred................  2 50
“ 
$ 5, 
“ 
$10, 
$20, 
“ 
Subject to  the  following  dis­
counts :
200 or over................5 per  cent.
500  “ 
1000  “ 

“ 
“ 
“ 

 
10 
.............20 
VINEGAR.

“
“

 
 

 
 
 

40 gr......................................   7
50 gr......................................  •

$1 for barrel.

YEAST.

MISCELLANEOUS.

Fermentum,  Compressed.  . 
Cocoa Shells,  bulk.............  734
Jelly, 30-lb.  pails................  5
Sage....................................   15
PA PE R  & W OODENW ARE 

PAPER.

Curtiss  &  Co.  quote  as  fol­

lows:
Straw ....................................160Ä
“  Light  Weight............ 200w
Sugar....................................180
Hardware.............................234
Bakers..................................234
Dry  Goods............................5
Jute Manilla........................ 8
Red  Express  No. 1.............   5
No. 2............. 4
48 Cotton.............................  22
Cotton, No. 2.......................20
“  3....................... 18
Sea  Island, assorted..........40
No. 5 H em p.........................16
No. 8B.................................17
W ool.

TW INES.

“ 

“ 

WOODENWARE.

GUN  POWDER.

 

LAMP WICKS.

 
LICORICE.

K egs..........................................5 25
Half  kegs..................................2 88
No. 0....................................  30
No. 1............ 
40
No. 2....................................   50
Pure......................................   30
Calabria................................  25
Sicily.....................................  18
Black  Strap......................  
23
Cuba Baking.....................22@25
Porto  Rico........................ 24@35
New Orleans, good...........25@30
choice........33@38
fancy......... 45@48

MOLASSES.

One-half barrels, 3c extra.

“ 
“ 

Muscatine, B arrels..................5 75

OATMEAL.
Half barrels........3 12
Cases.2  15@2 25

ROLLED  OATS

Muscatine, Barrels__   @5 75
Half bbls..  @3  12
Cases........2  15@2 25

OIL.

RICE.

PIPES.

PICKLES.

Michigan  Test....................
Water White........................
Medium..................................... 5 25
34 b b l..........................3 00
Small, bbl....  .....................6  25
34  bbl.............................. 3 50
Clay, No.  216............................. 1 75
"  T. D. full count...........   75
Cob, No. 3.............................  48
Carolina head........................ 634
No. 1.........................534
No. 2................ 534@
No. 3........................5

Japan.............................534@6 34
Common Fine per bbl.......76@80
Solar Rock, 56 lb. sacks.......  28
28 pocket................................... 2 05
60 
 
....................... 215
..... ........................ 2 40 !
100 
Ashton bu. b ag s..................  75
..................  75
Higgins  “ 
Warsaw 
37
 
..................  20

“ 
34 bu  “ 

“ 
“ 

SALT

 

SALERATUS.

SEEDS.

DeLand’s,  pure.....................5
Church’s, Cap  Sheaf............. 5
Dwight’s ................................ 5
Taylor’s ..................................5
Mixed bird...........................  434
Caraway................................ 10
Canary.................................   4
Hemp......................................4
Anise.....................................  834
Rape.....................................  434
Mustard......................  
734
SHOE  POLISH.
Jettine, 1 doz. in  box............. 75
Scotch, in  bladders............. 37
Maccaboy, in jars................ 35
French Rappee, in Jars...... 43

SNUFF.

 

SOAP.

Detroit Soap Co.’s Brands.

s p i c e s —Whole.

Allen B. Wrisley’s Brands.

Superior...............................3 30
Queen  Anne....................... 3 85
German  Family.................. 2 40
Mottled  German.................3 00
Old  German........................ 2 70
U. S. Big  Bargain..........—  1  87
Frost, Floater......................3 75
Cocoa  Castile  .....................3 00
Cocoa Castile, Fancy..........3 36
Happy Family,  75............... 2 95
Old Country, 80................... 3 30
Una, 100................................3 65
Bouncer, 100........................3  15
Allspice...............................   9
Cassia, China in mats.........8
Batavia in bund — 11
Saigon in rolls........40
Cloves,  Amboyna............... 26
Zanzibar.................20
Mace  Batavia..................... 80
Nutmegs, fancy..................80
No.  1..................... 75
No.  2..................... 70
Pepper, Singapore, black.... 18 
“ 
“  w hite...  .26
shot......................... 20
“ 
s p i c e s —Ground—In Bulk.
Allspice.............................. 15
Cassia,  Batavia..................20
and Saigon.25
Saigon....................42
Cloves,  Amboyna..............32
“  Zanzibar................. 25
Ginger, African..................1234
“  Cochin.....................15
Jam aica................. 18
“ 
Mace  Batavia.....................90
Mustard,  English.............. 22
“ 
and Trie..25
“  Trieste.....................27
Nutmegs, No. 2 ................. 80
Pepper, Singapore, black— 21
“ 
“  white........ 30
“  Cayenne.................. 25
Herbs & Spices, small......   65
large.......1  25

“ 

“ 

“ 

“ 
STARCH.

6

Mystic,  64  pkgs...................4 48

barrels.................... 6

“ 

SUGARS.

“ 
“ 

Cut  Loaf.....................  @ 7%
Cubes..........................  @7J£
Powdered...................  @ 734
Granulated,H. &E.’s..7.18@ 734 
Franklin..7.18@ 7J4 
Knight’s...7.18@  734
Confectionery  A........  7  @7.06
No. 1, White Extra C.  634© 6%
No. 2 Extra  C.............  634@  694
No. 3C, golden...........  6  © 634
No. 4 C, dark........—   @5%
No. 5  C........................  @634

“ 
“ 

m e a l . 

splint 

FLOUR.

WHEAT.

Tubs, No. 1.........................   7  25
“  No. 2..........................  6 25
“  No. 3....'...................   5  25
1  60
Pails, No. 1, two-hoop.. 
“  No. 1,  three-hoop....  1  75 
Clothespins, 5 gr. boxes.... 
60
Bowls, 11 inch....................   1  00
13  “ 
“ 
.....................  1  25
.......................2 00
15  “ 
“ 
.....................  2 75
17  “ 
“ 
assorted, 17s and  17s  2 50 
“ 
“  15s, 17s and 19s  2 75
“ 
Baskets, market.........  40
“ 
bushel............   1 
50
“  with covers  1 90
“ 
“  willow cl’ths, No.l  5 75
“ 
“ 
“ 
<• 
“ 
“ 
“ 
“ 
“ 

“  No.2 6 25^
“  No.3 7 2dV
“  No.l 3 50
“  No.2 4 25
“  No.3 5 00
GRAINS and FEEDSTUFFS 
New.  Old.
W hite.........................   78 
80
80
Red............................. 
78 
All wheat bought  on 60 lb. test.
Straight, in sacks..............  4 70
“ barrels............  4 90
Patent 
“ sacks..............  5  70
“ barrels...........   5 90
^
Bolted..................................  1 10
Granulated..........................  1 15
Bran....................................   11 00
Ships..................................  12 00
Screenings.........................   11 00
Middlings..........................  12 00
Mixed Feed.........................14 50
Coarse meal........................  14 00
Small  lots..........................  38
Car 
Small  lots............................. 25
Car 
N o .l...................................  @ 3^-
NO. 1...................................  1  10
No. 2...................................   1  05
No. 1...................... 
11  00
No. 2...................................   9 OO
H ID ES,  PELTS  and  FURS.
Perkins  &  Hess  pay  as  fol­
lows:
HIDES.
G reen......................
Part  Cured..............
Full 
..............
5  @ 6 
Dry...........................
Dry  K ip s................... 5
@  6 
~  4
Calfskins,  green........3
cured........  434@ 5
Deacon skins...............10  @20

“  ...-........................2311
^

“  ..........................  3534

MILLSTUFFS.

BARLEY.

CORN.

OATS.

r y e . 

“ 

“ 

 

4  @ 434 @ 43^ @ 5 #

34 off for No. 2.

PELTS.

Shearlings...................10
Estimated wool, per lb 20
MISCELLANEOUS.

@25
@28

Tallow........................  334® 4
Grease  butter.............3  @ 5
Switches.....................  134@ 2
Ginseng...................... 2 00@2 7SR
w
w o o l. 
Washed 
...................... 25@30
Unwashed........................12@22

“
“

“  
“  

14lb. 
34 lb. 
lib . 
51b. 

“  4 “ 
“  2 “ 
“  2 “ 
“  1 “ 

Red Star, 34 lb. cans.

34 lb. 
1 lb 
AXLE  GREASE.

341b.  “ 
lib .  “ 
% lb.  « 
lib .  “ 

45
Arctic, 34 lb. cans, 6  doz... 
... 
75
...  1 40
...  2 40
...12  00
Absolute, 14 lb. cans, 100s. .11  75 
50s..10 00
“ 
508..18 75
Teller’s,  34 lb. cans, doz..  45
85 
“ 
“ .
1  50 
“ 
“  ■
75
Acme, 14 lb. cans, 3 doz...
. . ..  1  50
“   "’ Sib.'  “  
’ 2  “  
1  “   .. ..  3 00
lib .  “  
“  
bulk...................... ..  20
“  
45
85
1  50
Frazer’s...............................$2 60
Aurora................................ 1  75
..  1  60
Diamond....’.................. J
80 
English, 2 doz. in case..
75 
Bristol,  2  “ 
70 
American. 2 doz. in case
Gross 
BLUING.
3 40 
Arctic Liq,  4-oz..............
7 00
_
94 pt.......... 
1 pt..........  10 00
8-oz paper bot  7 20
3 00
4 00 
8 00
BROOMS.
1  70
No. 2 Hurl.................
1  90
.................
No. 1  “ 
No. 2 Carpet..............
2  00 
2 25
No. 1 
“ 
..............
Parlor Gem.........................   2 60
90
Common Whisk.................  
ancy 
..................  1  00
Mill  ...................................   3 25
arehouse........................... 2

“ 
“ 
“ 
Pepper  Box  No,  2

BATH BRICK.

“ 
“ 
“ 
“ 

“ 

“

BUCKWHEAT.

Kings 100 lb. cases....................4 50
80 lb. cases.....................3 85

BUTTERINE

 

 

“ 

“ 

“ 

“ 

“ 

5
5
5
5

21b.  “ 

Dairy, solid  packed...........  
rolls.......................... 
Creamery, solid packed—  
ro lls.................  
CANDLES
“ 

13
14
15
16
Hotel, 40 lb. boxes................ 1034
 
Star,  40 
034
Paraffine............................. 
I2
icking..............................   25
CANNED GOODS—Fish.
Clams. 1 lb. Little Neck.......1  20
Clam Chowder, 3 lb — ............2 10
Cove Oysters, 1 lb. stand....
“ 
....1
Lobsters, 1 lb. picnic............1  50
2  lb.  “ 
........... 2 65
1 lb.  Star............... 2 00
2 lb. Star................ 3
Mackerel, in Tomato Sauce.
1 lb.  stand............1  75
2 lb. 
...........3 00
3 lb. in Mustard.. .3 00
3 lb.  soused..........3 00
Salmon, 1 lb.  Columbia..  ..1  90
1 lb.  Alaska............1  80
Sardines, domestic  34s........  6
}4s........@ 9
Mustard 34s........  @9
imported  34s...1034@16
spiced,  34s.......... 
10
Trout, 3 Id. brook.............
CANNED GOODS—Fruits.
Apples, gallons, stand.  ----
Blackberries,  stand.............  90
Cherries, red standard........1  20
pitted.....................1  40
Damsons.............................. 1  15
Egg Plums, stand................1  15
Gooseberries........................1  00
Grapes ...................
Green  Gages........................1  16
Peaches, all  yellow, stand.. 1  70
seconds..................1  45
P ie......................... 1  15
Pears.....................................1  25
@ 
f
Pineapples..................1  20@1  50
Quinces................................1 00
Raspberries,  extra...............1  75
red................... 1  40
Strawberries........................1  25
Whortleberries..................
CANNED VEGETABLES.
Asparagus, Oyster Bay....
Beans, Lima,  stand.............  85
Green  Limas—   @1  00
Strings..............   @  90
Stringless,  E rie .......  90
“  Lewis’ Boston Baked.. 1  40
Corn, Archer’s Trophy........1  00
“  Morug Glory. 1  00 
Early Golden. 1  00
“ 
Peas, French........................ 1  68
extra marrofat...  @125
soaked..........................  80
June, stand..................1  40
“  sifted....................1  55
French, extra fine...  . I  50
Mushrooms, extra fine........2  15
Pumpkin, 3 lb. Golden........1  00
Succotash,  standard...........   90
Squash................................. 1  10
Tomatoes,  Red  Coat..  @1  00 
Good Enough — 100
BenHar............... 1  00
stand br___  @1  00
Michigan Full  Cream 1134@1234 
Sap Sago.....................16  @1634
CHOCOLATE— BAKER’S.
German Sw eet................. 
23
Premium............................ 
35
Cocoa................................. 
38
Breakfast Cocoa..............  
48
Broma................................ 
37
Rubber, 100 lumps................ 25
35
Spruce...................................30
Bulk......................................  6
Red............................... -—   734
Rio, fair.......................17  @19
“  good.....................1834@20
“  prime...................  @21
“  fancy,  washed... 19  @22
“  golden..................20  @23
Santos..........................17  @22
Mexican & Guatemala 19  @23
Peaberry.....................20  @23
Java,  Interior.............20  @25
“  Mandheling__26  @29
Mocha, genuine..........25  @27
To  ascertain  cost  of  roasted 
coffee, add 34c. per lb. for roast 
ing and 15 per  cent,  for shrink 
age.

CHEWING  GUM.
200 

coffee—Green.

CHICORY.

CHEESE.

“ 
“ 
“ 

coffees—Package.

“ 

“ 

 

1 50
1 60
2 00
2 25
1 00
1 15

100 lbs
Lion..................................... 23M
“  in cabinets.................. 2434
M cLaughlin’s  XXXX
Durham...............................2334
Thompson’s Honey  Bee— 2534
“ 
Tiger.............. 2334
Good  Morning.....................23J4
COFFEE EXTRACT.
Valley City.....................
Felix...................................1  10
CLOTHES  LINES.
Cotton,  40 ft..........per doz.  1  25
50 f t......... 
“ 
“ 
60 f t......... 
70 ft......... 
“ 
80 ft....... 
“ 
60 ft..........  
“ 
72 ft-.......  
“ 
CONDENSED M ILK

“ 
“ 
“ 
“ 
Jute 
“ 

 

CRACKERS.
“ 

Eagle...................................  7  50
Anglo-Swiss....................... 6 00
Kenosha Butter...................  8
Seymour 
 
Butter...
family.........................   6
“  biscuit........................  7
Boston...................................  8
City Soda..............................   8
Soda......................................   634
S. Oyster ............ 
6
City Oyster, XXX..................  6
Picnic..................................... 6
Strictly  pure........... ........... 
Grocers’..............................  

CREAM TARTAR.

38
24

 

PSBGOUGH

DROPS

GXXTS2S2TG  R O O T .

W e p a y  th e  h ig h e s t p ric e  f o r  it.  A ddress 

TY nm r  T j u n o   Wholesale  Druggists, 
rJjU A .  .DIbUtO«,  GRAND RAPIDS.

& POISON REGORD

Acknowledged to be the

B e st o n  th e  M a rk et.
E I   o v n t f P   &  RDfl 
100  Louis  s t-*
,  K,  olUltnjK  DKU,i g r a n d  r a p id s

T H E   M O S T  R E L I A B L E   F O O D  
For Infants and Invalids.
[Used  everywhere,  with  unqualified 
success,  N ot a  medicine, b ut a steam - 
cooked  foody  suited  to  the  weakest 
stomach.  Take  no  other.  Sold  by 
[ druggists.  In   cans, 35c. and upward. 
I  W o o lbich  &  Co. on  every label

Wholesale D rice  C u rrent•

Drugs 0  Medicines»

Stale  Board of Pharmacy. 

One T e a r—O ttm ar E berbach, Ann  Arbor.
Two T ears—Geo. McDonald, K alam azoo. 
T hree T ears—Stanley E. P ark ill, Owosso. 
F o u r  T ears—Jacob  Jesson,  Muskegon.
Five Y ears—Jam es V ernor, D etroit.
President—Jacob  Jesson, Muskegon. 
S ecretary—Jas.  Vernor, Detroit.
T reasurer—Geo.  McDonald.  Kalamazoo.
Next  Meeting—At Lansing Novem ber 6 and 6.

Michigan  State  Pharmaceutical  Ass’n. 

President—F ra n k  In g lis ,  D e tro it.
F irst V ice-President—F. M. Alsdorf, Lansing.
See’d V ice-President—H enry K ephart, Berrien Springs. 
T hird Vice-President—Jas. Vernor, D etroit.
S ecretary—H. J . Brown, Ann Arbor.
T reasurer—Wm Dupont, Detroit.
Executive Com mittee—C. A. Bugbee, Cheboygan;  E. T. 
W ebb, Jackson;  D. E. P rall,  E ast Saginaw ;  Geo. Mc­
Donald, Kalam azoo;  J. J. Crowley. D etroit.
N e x t M eeting—A t  S ag in aw , b e g in n in g  th ir d  T u esd ay  

o f  S ep tem b er,  1890.___________________

G r a n d   R a p i d s   P h a r m a c e u t i c a l   S o c ie ty . 
P resident. J. W. H ayw ard,  Secretary, F rank H. Escott.
Grand Rapids Drug Clerks’ Association, 
■resident, F. D. Kipp;  Secretary, Albert Brower.
D e t r o i t   P h a r m a c e u t i c a l   'S ociel-* 

P resident, J.  W. Allen;  Secretary, W. F. Jackm an.

M u s k e g o n   D r u g   C l e r k s ’  A s s o c ia tio n . 

P resident, C. S. Koon;  Secretary, J. W. H oyt.

Peculiar  Business  Methods.

The Oregon Statesman says  there  is  a 
well-known firm in Salem that does busi­
ness on a basis that  is  peculiar,  to  say 
the least.  They do a large business,  but 
keep no books whatever, and every night, 
when  the  business  for  the day is over, 
they divide the cash equally between the 
two partners.  When bills come in to be 
paid,  each  member  goes  down  in  his 
pocket for his share  of  the  bill.  Such 
is life in the far west with this firm.
There was formerly a firm in  this  city 
who conducted business on the same plan 
as  above  described.  Wilson  &  Harvey 
were engaged in the drug business at the 
corner of Monroe and Ottawa  streets  for 
nearly  twenty years, during  which  time 
the  firm  had  neither  a  safe nor a bank 
account, each  partner  taking  his  share 
of the receipts  and  contributing equally 
in the payment of salaries, bills, etc.  Mr. 
Wilson, who succeeded  the former  firm, 
does not keep a bank account to this day, 
preferring  to carry his cash around with 
him, enclosed in a rubber  band.
W hat  Ambergris  Is.

Ambergris, which is used as a basis for 
nearly all standard  perfumery, was  first 
found an  unattractive  mass  floating  on 
the surface of the sea or lodged upon the 
shore.  How  so  unlikely  a  substance 
ever suggested itself as a  perfume is un­
known,  but  it  has  been in use for cen­
turies, and it is only until comparatively 
recent times  that  its  origin has become 
It  is  nothing  more  than  the 
known. 
morbid secretion of liver of a sick sperma­
ceti whale. 
It  is  described  as a fatty, 
waxy substance disagreeable  to  sight or 
touch,  but even in its crude  state  exhal­
ing a pleasant odor.  The crude substance 
is subjected to chemical action to extract 
the active principle,  called amberine.  It 
was recently reported that a Maine fisher­
man picked up a mass of  this  substance 
which  nearly filled a barrel and is worth 
$25,000.  This  is probably an exaggera­
tion  both  as  to  size  and  price, for the 
largest  piece  on  record  was  found  at 
Windward Islands, weighing 130 pounds. 
This was sold for about $2,600.

Mushrooms.

One of  the wonders of Manitoba  is the 
remarkable growth of mushrooms,  which 
spring  up all over  the prairie in the fall 
of  the year.  The rich  prairie soil of the 
country seems  to form  a  natural  mush­
room  bed  in  which  the  tasty fungi  de­
lights  to  grow.  The  dry  years  of  late 
have not been favorable  to the growth of 
the  mushrooms  as  the  wet  seasons of  a 
few years  ago, but  still  the  supply has 
been plentiful.  A few years  ago  it  was 
no  uncommon  sight  to  see  half-breeds 
comming into  the  city  with  their carts 
loaded with  mushrooms.  At  times they 
have sold as low as 10  cents per  peck,  at 
retail in the stores.  The Manitoba mush­
rooms  sometimes  grow to  an  enormous 
size, samples as large  as  saucers having 
been  seen.  As  an  article of  commerce 
the  mushrooms  have not  been  handled 
beyond the  quantity  required  for  local 
consumption,  the  extremely  perishable 
nature  of  the  article  rendering  it  im­
possible to ship them to outside markets.

Saccharine  In  Europe.

Saccharine,  which  is  three  hundred 
times sweeter than sugar, is beginning to 
be felt by the beet  sugar  manufacturers 
as a very dangerous enemy. 
It is  stated 
that in  Germany, already,  so  much  sac­
charine has been  made as to render 5,000 
tons  of  beet  sugar  superfluous. 
It  is 
principally employed in  the  preparation 
of  fruits  and  the  production  of  sweet 
liquors. 
Indeed, 
it has been condemned  by eminent medi­
cal authorities  as  directly prejudicial  to 
health.  The  sugar manufacturers are of 
the opinion that  saccharine  should only 
be sold by  chemists.  France,  Italy  and 
Portugal  are  already contemplating  im­
posing a tax upon it.

It is  not a food  stuff. 

Registering1  Trade-Marks.

The mere registration of  trade-mark is 
not  proof  that  the  party  registering  is 
entitled to use  such  trade-mark,  and  to 
be protected  in  its use.  This point  was 
decided  by Judge Thayer, of the  United 
States  Circuit Court,  at St. Louis, in  the 
case  of  Braun  and  another,  who  were 
indicted for  using, on a  compound made 
and sold by them, the label “ Bromidia,” 
when another firm was the proprietor of a 
registered trade-mark with the same label 
The judge  sustained  a  demurrer  to  the 
indictment in this case.

In  a  Labor  Meeting.

“ You are working men—”
*  “ Hooray!”
“ And because you are working men- 
“ Hooray!”
“ You must work—”
“ Put him o u t!  Put him out!”

Fall  Chestnut.

a living  now ?

First Squirrel—What are you doing for 
Second Squirrel—Oh,  chestnuts.

The Drug  Market.

Quinine, opium and morphia are steady 

Oil anise is higher.

It pays to  handle the  P.  &  B.  cough 

drops.

o

n

.

 

.

.

.

. 

“ 

r m

_  

b a c c a e .

COBTEX.

ACIDUM.

a n i l i n e .

then 

.  .  , 

th. 
g
n

fancied 

COMBINED.

3®  5
f@  6
“
14

Are  W e  Going  Too  Fast?

crowded  from ¿av
aay*

LIQUOR 

Aqua, 16  deg................. 
18  deg................. 
Carbonas  ...................  
Chloridum.................. 

.......................2 00@2 25
Blank 
Brown  ..........................   80@1 00
Red 
.  .......................  45® 50
Y ellow .........................    50@3 00

. 
,  ht 
* 
  t0  m
t
g
Going' Back to  Coal.

Cubeae (po. 1  60..........1  85®2 00
Juniperus.................
25®  30
Xantnoxylum...........
BALSAMUM.
55®  60
Copaiba......................
P e r u . — ........   aM   %
Terabin, Canada  ......   45@
50
Tolutan......................   45@

Abies,  Canadian..................  18
Cassiae  ................................ 
ii
Cinchona F la v a ..................
Euonymus  atropurp...........   «J
Myrica  Cerifera, po.............
Prunus Virgini.....................
Quillaia,  grd........................  “
Ulmus Po (Ground 12)........  10

thtoe can brought* Like theUniverrity  I and  iu  the  city  the  large  storf®  w,here day,  and is putting up 
thing can be bougnt.  uiKetneuniversiij, , 
which  claims  to  teach  all  brand es, the 
Universal sells all kinds of  goods.  They j  m
will  buy  you  a  lot,  build  the  house,
furnish it and supply all  the daily wants
Natural gas is a great fuel, but it won’t 
of  the occupant.  Under one roof can  be
last forever. 
In the  Ohio Valley,  it  has 
had  everything  from  the  cradle  to  the 
become so scarce and  so high that manu­
coffin,  from a  needle to a ship’s  anchor.
facturers  every where  are  returning  to 
There  is  a  story  which  relates  how  a
the  use  of  coal  and  coke.  Mining  is
party set out on a wager to find an article. 
„
which one of  these  dealers  did  not have | S f v e r y   brisk  again.  Most  of  the 
in stock.  After long  consideration they ! &lass factories  at Bellaire  are  operated 
by coal at  present.  Two steel plants  at 
resolved to  ask  for  a  pulpit.  The pro­
Benwood  have  abandoned  the  use  of 
prietor was approached  and  the request 
natural  gas  and  resumed  coal.  They 
gravely  made.  Did  it  astonish  him ?
have so far been unable to get a sufficient 
Not  in  the  least.  Gravely  leading  the 
amount of  coal to supply their demands. 
way he brought them to a  part of his  es-
The  Crescent  Mills  have  gone  back  to 
tablishment  where  stood  the  required 
the  use of  black diamonds as their  fuel. 
article.  This is the  nature  of  a Univer­
The Belmont Mills  use the  same, and  so 
sal.  They are the outgrowth of increased 
does Benwood  Mills  and  the  Riverside 
competition  and  large  capital,  and  the 
Iron Works.  A gentleman who is promi­
result appears to be the death of the small 
nently connected with  one of  the  oldest 
trader.
iron  works  in  the  Ohio  Valley  said: 
A letter which appeared  iu an Eastern 
“ The days of the mushroom factories are 
daily shows how  the  competion of  these 
about  over.  There  is  not  a factory  in 
larger establishments  affect  the  retailer 
Findley,  Bellaire or Wheeling,  using gas, 
in the  cities.  The  letter  is  not  from  a 
which does not  have to close  for several 
shiftless,  brainless  man,  but  one who by 
days  during  each  week  on  account  of 
industry and  judgment was a successful 
scarcity of  gas.  This  fact  has  made  it 
merchant  and  manufacturer, on a small 
patent to  all  manufacturers  that  gas  is 
scale,  it  is  true,  until  the  “ Universal” 
rapidly  going  the  doward  path.  The 
came with its cut  prices  and  drove  him 
natural consequence will be that most  of 
to the wall.  This  letter  is from a  shoe­
them will have to  go  back to  coal.  The 
maker who began his  life  as an  appren­
m   10 
inevitable  result will be that  the  corpo­
Aceticum...................
tice  and  faithfully  mastered  his  trade. 
80@1  00 
Benzoicum,  German..
rations,  which started  in  the  glass  and 
He worked  awhile as  a  journeyman and 
30 
Boracic 
.....................
iron business  simply  because  they  were
45 
from his skill  and  devotion to the inter­
,  carbolicum ................
50®
offered  free  fuel,  must  eventually drop ; citricum
55 
est of  his employer was paid good wages 
5 
3®
Hydrochlor  — - ........... 
out  of  the  market  altogether.  Why ? 
and saved up a little ready money.  When 
12 
N itrocum .....................  10®
Because as  soon  as  they have to  pay  a 
14 
the master  died he bought  out  the shop 
Oxalicum..................... 
ld©
good price for  coal, they  cannot  under­
20
Phosphorium dii........
from the  executors  and  carried  on  the 
80
Salicylicum................1 
sell the  Pittsburg  market  any longer  if 
business for himself.  The custom steadily 
Sulphuricum................   1*@ »
they  intend  to  make  any profit  at  all. 
increased, and he  thought it  prudent  to 
Tannicum...................1  40©1
This,  of  course will cause  them  to drop 
Tartaricum...................   4U® m
marry.  He  went  to  housekeeping  in 
out of  the  field  of  competition.  So far 
apartments over his  store and workshop, 
they have only been  able to  do  business 
and  was  worthy of  his  reputation  as  a 
at all  because they were able to offer glass 
thrifty forehanded shopkeeper.  His shoes 
or iron lower than Pittsburg,  but as  soon 
for  women  were  noted  for  their  dur­
as they  raise their scale  their customers 
ability,  and  he  had a  knack of  making 
will go back again to their old producers. 
them fit  closely and yet  without  chafing 
All the mines in the Ohio  Valley are  re­
so  as  to  produce  corns.  His  boots  for 
suming work on this account,  and all the 
men’s  wear  were  models, and  not  only 
firms  are  granting  the  scale  price  de­
fitted well,  but  lasted  twice  as  long  as 
manded by the miners.”
those sold in the  ordinary  market.  But 
boots went out of fashion.  A few gentle­
men of the old school clung to them,  but 
they  would  make a  pair of  his  produc­
tion last them a year.  Shoes and bootees 
for men came into vogue, and these were 
produced in large establishments,  where 
machinery was  used, at a  cost far below 
his price.  He accepted the situation, and 
while he still  measured  and  constructed 
for  his  most  particular  customers,  he 
bought a  stock  for  sale  to  others.  By 
skillful  management  he  made  this  a 
pecuniary  success,  and 
that 
he  had  now  surmounted  all  his  diffi­
culties.  The blow came, however,  from 
another  quarter.  The  huge  bazaars, 
which  began  by  retailing  dry  goods, 
extended  their  offering  to  ready-made 
garments,  and 
to  boots  and 
shoes.  The quality of  this  offering was 
the same in the main with  the stock sold 
by our shoemaker,  but  the  prices, from 
the large  quantities disposed of,  were  a 
little lower.  The  change to which it led 
in the trade, however,  was not due to the 
price so  much;  it  was  a  matter of  con­
venience.  A woman  who was out  shop­
ping for a dress was offered  her shoes  in 
the same establishment from a very large 
stock, with  attentive  salesmen,  and she 
was led to  buy  them  at  the  new place. 
Our small  dealer  has  only  a  few custo­
mers left,  and  even  those who formerly 
depended on  the work  made in his  shop 
are  dropping  away,  as  the  ready-made 
shoes at  the  price  are  found  to be quite 
as economical, and with  as  little care in 
the  selection  fit  about  a well.  His  in; 
come,  from  no  fault  of  his,  no  lack of 
industry,  shrewdness  or  intelligent  de­
votion to business, is hardly sufficient for 
the support  of  his  family,  and  he  asks 
piteously what there  is  left  for him but 
to shut up shop,  and  leave  his wife  and 
family  to  the  care of  the  Charity  Com­
missioners.
This is a fair sample of  the experience 
of  the  retail  dealer  in  all of  our  large 
cities.  These huge  stores  are skillfully 
adapted and governed so as to draw trade 
by actually giving better service for  less 
money than  the retail  dealer  is  able  to 
afford.  They save  money  in every way. 
Take the rent for  instance.
sum in the aggregate but a much  smaller 
percentage of  the  business  done than  is 
the rent  of  the smaller  dealer who  only 
pays dollars  where  they  pay  hundreds. 
Then the  plan  of  division  of  labor that 
has done so  much  to  lessen  the  cost of 
production in  the  factory  is  applied in 
these huge bazaars with the  best  result. 
One clerk sells the  goods, another makes 
the change, a  boy wraps  the  bundle and 
each does only one thing and the manager 
sees  to  it  that  the  work  is  well  and 
quickly done,  and if  any one of  these  is 
found whose  time in  not  fully  engaged 
the force  is  promptly decreased  and  all 
useless  expense saved.  This system  en­
ables a cheaper grade of  labor to  be  em­
ployed, and a small portion of the money 
saved on each clerk makes  in the total  a 
sum which will engage the service of the 
most  capable  men  to  fill  the  superior 
positions and do  the planning  and over­
seeing for the establishment.
Then the vast  sales of  these establish­
ments  secure  them  the  lowest  price  in 
buying.  They can  purchase  as cheaply 
as the largest jobbing house and further­
more they run  no  risk of  loss.  They do 
a strictly cash business and  can sell any­
thing.  They seldom lose a dollar on  old 
stock. 
If  an  article hangs the  slightest 
it is given a new name, a  new price,  not 
always a  lower one,  and  advertised as  a 
bargain,  and away it goes.
Advertising, too,  is  a  point  on  which 
they can  vastly overshadow  the  smaller 
dealer.  Their immense stores with their 
attractive  signs  and  brilliant  windows 
The  Lad y  and  the Flour  Barrel.
She objected to the last barrel of  flour 
form  a  perpetual  and  most  attractive 
which the grocer had brought,  and after 
advertisement.  The sums paid the news­
using a few scoop-fulls from  the . top  of 
papers in  a large  pity by these firms  are 
they  form  but  a j  the  barrel,  headed  it  up  and  told  the
simply  enormous,  yet
small  percentage  of  the  business  done j  grocer to  take it away—she  should  use 
and the retailer who  takes a  small  card! no such flour as that.  The  next  barrel 
occasionally in a daily paper only to have! brought  was  perfectly  satisfactory, 
it  totally  overshadowed  by  his  great j  “Now that is  something  like flour,” she 
rival’s “ ad” spends much  more  propor-) told the family.  But  when  she reached 
tionately than  do  these great  firms. 
In | the bottom  of  the barrel, she found  her 
the meantime the retail dealer finds it im- j  old flour-scoop, long missing,  which had 
possible  to  make  both  ends  meet.  H e: been headed up in the  other  end.  The 
demands  cheaper  goods,  lower  rent  and  grocer had merely brought back the same 
can only pay reduced salaries.  They are  barrel, with the other head uppermost.

with the methods of  measuring mechani- j 
the breed of  horses is  to be found which j  Myrrh, (po  45)...........  
can  keep at work  raising  33,000 pounds j 
one foot per  minute, or  the  equivalent,! 
.. 
bleached-'.....   28@
which is familiar to  men  accustomed  to  Tragacanth................  30®
He r b a —In ounce packages. 
pile  driving  by horse  power, of  raising 
330 pounds 100 feet per minute,  says  the 
Absinthium..........................
Eupatorium...........
Car  and  Locomotive  Builder.  Since 
Lobelia.................................   ™
33,000 pouuds raised one foot per minute 
Majorum...................
is called one horse power it is natural  to 
Mentha  Piperita......
“  Y ir...............
suppose that  the  engineers  who  estab­
Rue.............................
lished  that  unit  of  measurement  based 
Tanacetum, Y ...........
it on the actual work performed by horses.
Thymus,  V................
But that  was  not  the  case.  The 'horse 
MAGNESIA.
power  unit  was  established  about  a 
century ago, and  the figures were settled j  S ^
in a curious way by James Watt. 
usual careful manner  Watt proceeded  to 
iind  out  the  average  work  which  the 
Absinthium.................5 00@5 50
horses of  his district could  perform,  and 
Amygdalae, Dulc........  45@  75
he found that the raising of 22,000 pounds 
Amydalae, Amarae— 7 25@7 50
A nisi............................ 1  90@2 00
one foot per minute was about  an  actual 
Auranti  Cortex..........  @2 50
horse power.  At  this  time  he was  em­
Bergamii  ................... 2 80®3 00
ployed  in  the  manufacture  of  engines, 
Cajiputi......................   90@1  00
Caryophylli................  @1  50
and had  almost a monopoly on the engine 
Cedar  ..........................  35©  65
building trade.  Customers were so hard 
Chenopodi!................  @1
to  find  that  all  kinds  of  artificial  en­
Cinnamomi................. 1  35©1 40
Citronella...................   ®  75
couragements were  cousidered necessary 
Conium  Mae..............   35@  65
to  induce  power  users  to  buy  steam 
Copaiba......................   90@1  00
engines.  As  a  method  of  encouraging 
Cubebae...................16 00®16 50
!  Exechthitos................  90@1  00
business  Watt  offered  to  sell  engines, j 
Erigeron...................... 1  20@1 30
reckoning 33,000  foot-pounds to a  horse 
Gaultheria.................. 2 20®2 30
power,  or one-half  more than the actual.
Geranium,  ounce......   ®
Gossipii,  Sem. gal......   50®
And thus, what was intended as a tempo-
Hedeoma  ................... 1  15@1  25
rary  expedient to  prom ote  business,  has ; j uniperi......................   50@2 oo
been the means of  giving  a false unit  of 
Lavendula.................   90@2 00
Limonis............................1  50@1 80
a very important measure to the world.
Mentha Piper................... 2 35@2 40
Mentha Verid..................2 50@2 60
Morrhuae, gal.............  80@1 00
Myrcia, ounce................  © 50
Olive................................ 1  00@2 75
Picis Liquida, (gal.,35)  10©  12
R icini...............................1  20@1 28
Rosmarini............. 
75@1  00
Rosae, ounce..................  ©6 00
Succini........................  40©  45
Sabina........................  90@1  00
Santal  ........................3 50@7 00
Sassafras.....................  55®  60
Sinapis, ess, ounce....  @  65
Tigli!..............................   @1 50
Thym e........................  40®  50
opt  ................  @  60
Theobromas................  15®  20
B1 Carb........................  15®  18
Bichromate................  13®  14
Bromide......................   37®  40

This is a question  which  is  not  only 
appropriate just now, but is an absolutely 
necessary corollary  of  the  situation  at 
which  we  have  arrived. 
For  some 
months  past  fuel,  raw  materials,  iron 
and steel of all kinds, have been steadily 
moving up,  until,  at  length,  they have 
arrived at a point  which  “gives  pause” 
to those  who use them,  and brings forth 
the inquiry with  which  we have headed 
this article.  Are  we going too fast ?  It 
is not  safe  to  say we  are,  but,  on  the 
other hand,  we  certainly seem  to  have 
made very considerable strides in selling 
prices during  the past six  months or so.
There have  been  startling  changes in a 
short time,  but it must be borne in mind 
that the  present  wave  of  improvement 
started  from  an  excessively  low  level.
Prior to its coming  into force everything 
had fallen  lower  than  had  ever  before 
been known.  For a long time the  whole 
world had been suffering from a plethora 
of  manufactured  products,  but  in  due 
course a  process  of  crowding  out  took 
place,  and  by slow  but-  sure  steps  the 
natural but inevitable  adjustment  came 
about.  An  enormous  demand for  ship- j Arnica ... 
ping set in.  Further,  the period  of  the  Anthemis 
utility  of  the  early  lots  of  steel  rails  Matricaria 
came to and end, various  great  engineer­
ing  enterprises  are  being  carried  out, 
and the  world’s  stock  of  gold has been 
greatly  augmented.  All  these  causes, 
with  others  too  numerous  to  be  men­
tioned,  have had their due effect,  which 
is what we see  around  us  to-day.  The 
deep  abyss  into  which all industry and 
commerce had fallen  has  been  well left 
behind,  and the momentous  question be­
fore us is whether we  have  gone  on  so 
fast that we are in danger of  a  reaction, 
or  whether we have only reached a level 
which is but  slightly above—if  it  is  at 
all above—the limits of  periods * of  nor­
mal activity and full enjoyment.
How

@1  00 
@  90 
2d 
©  80 
3d 
®  65
sifted sorts
8®
p o .................. 
60 
Aloe,  Barb, (po. 60).
12 
“  Cape,  (po.  20)... 
50
“  Socotri, (po.  60). 
Catechu, Is, (V4s> 14 14s)
1
16) ... -....................
30 
25®
Ammoniae..................
15 
©
Assafœtida, (po. 30)... 
55 
50®
Benzoinum.
38 
Camphoræ...................  35@
35®
10 80 
¡ X
I®  95 
®  40 @  20 
@1  00 
40
<©  ™
30©  38

. 1"
When men begin first to become familiar  Gamboge,  po. 
It is a large ] cal power, they often speculate on where Kino,  (po.  25). 

EXTRACTUM.
Glycyrrhiza  Glabra...
“ 
po.........
Haematox, 15 lb. box..
Is...............
“ 
“  V4s..........
“ 
)4S..........
y e r r u m .
Carbonate Precip...
Citrate and Quima—  
Citrate  S oluble........  ©
Ferrocyanidum Sol—   ©
Solut  Chloride...........  ®
Sulphate,  com’l ..........1H®
pure.............  ©

• 
In his j  ca rb o n a te ’  Jen n in g s 
OLEUM.

Salvia  officinalis,  )4S
and  )4s..................• •
TJraUrsi......................

Barosma
Cassia  Acutifol,  Tin 
nivelly 

33,000  Pounds  w as  Made

10®   12
g g
10®
8®

Acacia,  1st  picked—

Horse  Power. 

@  15 
@3 50 
‘  80 
50

24®
33®
11®
13®
14®
16®

Calcined, Pat.

55®
20®
35®

14©
30®
30®

POTASSIUM.

. . . .  

P a t ^ - —

Mastic

GUMMI.

“ ....

“ 
“ 
“ 

50®

j S n

“ 

“ 

5 

T

t e

, 

. 

“

. 

.

a

 

j

Advanced—Oil  Anise.

Carb.............................  12®  15
Chlorate,  (po. 18)........  16@  18
Cyanide......................   50®  55
Iodide......................... 2  80@2 90
Potassa, Bitart,  pure..  27@  29 
Potassa, Bitart, com...  ®  15
Potass  Nitras, opt......  
8®  10
Potass Nitras..............  
7©  9
Prussiate.....................  25®  28
Sulphate  po................  15®  18

RADIX.

Aconitum...................   20®  25
Althae..........................  25®  30
A nchusa.....................  15®  20
Arum,  po.....................  @  25
Calamus......................   20®  50
Gentiana,  (po. 15)......   10@  12
Glychrrhiza, (pv. 15)..  16®  18 
Hydrastis  Canaden,
(po. 50).....................  ®  45
Hellebore,  Ala,  po__   15@  20
Inula,  po.....................  15@  20
Ipecac,  po.................. 2 40®2  50
Iris  plox (po. 20®22).. 
IS®  20
Jalapa,  pr...................   25®  30
Maranta,  %s..............   ®  35
Podophyllum, po........  15@  18
Rhei.............................  75@1  00
cut......................   @1  75
pv........................  75®1  35
Spigelia......................   48@  53
Sanguinaria, (po  25)..  @ 2 0
Serpentaria..................  40®  45
Senega........................  60®  65
Similax, Officinalis,  H  @ 40 
M  @ 2 0
Scillae, (po. 35)...........  10®  12
Symplocarpus,  Foeti-
dus,  po.....................  @ 3 5
Valeriana, Eng.  (po.30)  ®  25
German...  15@  20
Zingiber a ...................   10®  15
Zingiber  j ...................   22®  25

“ 

SEMEN.

Anisum,  (po.  20)........  @  15
Apium  (graveleons)..  10@  12
Bird, Is.1...................  
4®  6
Carui, (po. 18)............. 
8®  12
Cardamon...................1  00@1  25
Corlandrum................  10®  12
Cannabis Sativa..........3 V4@  4
Cydonium...................   75@1  00
Chenopodium  ...........   10®  12
Dipterlx Odorate........1  75®1  85
Foeniculum................  ®  15
Foenugreek,  po.......... 
6®  8
L in i............................. 4  @ 4)4
Lini, grd,  (bbl. 4  )...  4)4© 4%
Lobelia........................  35@  40
Pharlaris Canarian—   3)4@ 4)4
R apa...........................   6@  7
Sinapis,  Albu............. 
8@  9
Nigra...........   11®  12

“ 

“ 
“ 
“ 

s p i b i t u s .
Frumenti, W., D.  Co. .2 00@2 50
D. F. R .......1  75@2 00
..................1  10@1  50
Juniperis  Co. O. T —  1  75@1  75
“ 
.............1  75@3 50
Saacharum  N.  E ....... 1  75@2 00
Spt.  Vini  Galli.......... 1  75@6 50
Vini Oporto...............1  25@2 00
Vini  Alba.................. 1  25@2 00

SPONGES.

Florida  sheeps'  wool
carriage.................. 2 25@2 50
Nassau  sheeps’  wool
carriage  .................
2  00 
Velvet  extra  sheeps’
1  10
wool  carriage..........
Extra  yellow  sheeps’
carriage...................
Grass sheeps’ wool car­
riage  ........................
Hard for  slate  use —
Yellow Reef, for  slate 
u se ...........................

1  40

SYRUPS.

Accacia................................  50
Zingiber  ..............................   50
Ipecac...................................   60
Ferri  Iod..............................   50
Auranti  Cortes.....................  50
Rhei  Arom...........................   50
Similax  Officinalis..............   60
Co........  50
Senega.................................   50
Scillae...................................   50
“  Co..............................   50
Tolutan................................  50
Prunus virg........... ..............  50

“ 

“ 

TINCTURES.

“ 

“ 

“ 

“ 

“ 

“ 

Aconitum  Napellis R ..........  60
F ..........  50
Aloes.....................................  60
and myrrh..................  60
A rnica..................................  50
Asafcetida.............................  50
Atrope Belladonna........ •.  60
Benzoin................................   60
Co...........................   50
Sanguinaria..........................  50
Barosma..............................   50
Cantharides..........................  75
Capsicum.............................  50
Cardamon.............................  75
Co.....................  75
Castor.................................. 1 00
Catechu................................   50
Cinehona.............................  50
Co.....................  60
Columba..............................   50
Conium..........................,...  50
Cubeba..................................  50
D igitalis..............................   50
Ergot.....................................  50
G entian................................  50
Co.............................  60
Gualca..................................  50
ammon.................  60
Zingiber..............................   50
Hyoscyamus........................  50
Iodine...................................   75
Colorless...............   75
Ferri  Chloridum..............  35
K in o .....................................  50
Lobelia.................................   50
Myrrh...................................   50
Nux  Vomica........................  50
O pii..................................       85
“  Camphorated................  50
“  Deodor.........................2 00
Auranti Cortex.....................  50
Quassia................................  50
R hatany..............................   50
Rhei......................................   50
Cassia  Acutifol...................   50
“  Co..............   50
Serpentaria..........................  50
Stramonium..........................  60
Tolutan................................  60
V alerian..............................   50
Veratrum Veride..................  50

“ 
“ 

“ 

“ 

MISCELLANEOUS.

“ 

“ 

“ 

“ 

©

_
©

“ 
“ 
“ 
“ 

Antipyrin......
1  35@1  40 
Argenti  Nitras 
unce  @  68 
Arsenicum
5®  7
Balm Gilead  Bud......   38®  40
Bismuth  S.  N 
2  10@2  20
Calcium Chlor,
,  (Vis
11;  !4s,  12)..
@  9
Cantharides  Russian,
po........................
@1  75 
Capsici  Fructus, a f... 
'  @  18 
“ 
po....
@  16 
I po.
@  14 
Caryophyllus, (po.  28)
23®  25 
Carmine,  No. 40.........
@3 75 
Cera  Alba, S. & F ......
50®  55 
Cera  Flava.................
30 
Coccus  ........................
40 
Cassia Fructus...........
15 
Centraria.....................
10 35
Cetaceum...................  
Chloroform................  32®  35
squibbs..  ©1  00
Chloral Hyd Crst.,...... 1  50@1  75
Chondrus...................   10®
Cinchonidine, P.  &  W  15®
German  4®
Corks,  list,  dis.  per
©
cent  ........................
Creasotum.................
Creta,  (bbl. 75)...........
“  prep...................
“  precip................
“  Rubra................ 

5©
8©   10
_
Crocus........................  35©
Cudbear......................   @
Cupri Sulph................ 
8@
D extrine.....................  10®
Ether Sulph................  68®
Emery,  all  numbers..  @
po...................   @
Ergota, (po.)  45 ..........  40®
Flake  White..............   12©
G alla...........................   @
Gambier......................  
io@
Gelatin,  Cooper..........  @
“ 
French...........  40©
Glassware  flint,  75  & 10 per 
cent, by box 70 less
Glue,  Brown............... 
9®
“  White................   13©
Glycerina...................   22®
Grana Paradisi...........  @
Humulus.....................  25®
Hydraag  Chlor  Mite..  @
“  C or__   @
Ox Rubrum  @1  00
Ammoniati..  @1  10
Unguentum.  45®  55
Hydrargyrum.............  @  80
Ichthyobolla,  Am...... 1  25@1  50
Indigo.........................   75@1 00
Iodine,  Resubl...........3 75@3 85
Iodoform.....................  @4 70
Lupulin........................   85@1 00
Lycopodium................   55® 60
Macis  ...........................   80® 85
Liquor  Arsen  et  Hy-
drarglod..................  @
Liquor Potass Arsinitis  10® 
Magnesia,  Sulph  (bbl
154)..............................  2®
Mannia,  S. F ................   45®
Morphia,  S.  P. & W .. .2 65@2  90
C. C o.......................2 65@2 90
Moschus  Canton........  @ 40
Myristica, No. 1...........   60® 70
Nux Vomica,  (po 20)..  @  10
Os.  Sepia.......................  28® 30
Pepsin Saac, H. & P. D,
Co.............................
@2  00
Picis  Liq, N.  C., V4 gal
doz  ..................  ....
@2  00 
@1 00 
Picis Liq., quarts  ____
pints..........  @
@  70 
Pil Hydrarg,  (po. 80) ..  @
@  50 
Piper  Nigra,  (po. 22)..  @
@  18 
Piper Alba,  (po g5)__   @
@  35 
Pix  Bnrgun................   @
7 
Plumbi A cet...............  14®
15
Pulvis Ipecac et opii. .1  10@1  20 
Pyrethrum,  boxes  H
& P. D.  Co., doz......   @1  25
Pyrethrum,  pv...........   35@  40
Quassiae..................... 
8®
Quinia, S. P. & W ......   42@
S.  German....  33® 
Rubia  T i n c t o r u m 12® 
Saccharum Lactis pv..  @
Salacin........................2 25@2 35
Sanguis  Draconis......   40®  50
Santonine  .
©4 50 
Sapo,  W......................
12®  14 
“  M........................
8®   10 
“  G........................
@  15 
Seidlitz  Mixture........
25 
Sinapis........................
18 
“   opt...................
30®
Snuff,  Maccaboy,  De
V oes........................
Snuff, Scotch, De. Voes 
Soda Boras,  (po. 12).  .
Soda  et Potass Tart...
Soda Carb...................
Soda,  Bi-Carb.............
Soda,  Ash...................
Soda, Sulphas.............
Spts. Ether C o ...........
“  Myrcia  Dom......
“  Myrcia Imp........
“  Vini  Rect.  bbl.
2 05)..........................
Less 5c gal., cash ten days.

S. N.  Y.  Q. &

“ 

“ 

“ 

OILS.

Roll.............. 2)4© 3

ll@  12 
30®  33 
2®   2)4 
4®  5
3©  4
@  2 
50®  55 
@2 00 
@2 50
@2  15
Strychnia  Crystal......   @1  10
Sulphur, Subí.............2%@ 3)4
Tamarinds.................... 
8@ 10
Terebenth Venice......   28© - 30
Theobromae..............   50®  55
Vanilla...................... 9 00@16 00
7®  8
Zinci  Sulph................... 
Bbl.  Gal
Whale, winter...........  70 
70
60
Lard,  extra................  55 
50
Lard, No.  1................  45 
Linseed, pure raw __  58 
61
64
Lindseed,  boiled  ....  61 
Neat’s  Foot,  winter
strained.................   50 
69
Spirits Turpén tine__   53 
58
bbL  lb.
Red  Venetian.............. 1J£  2@3
Ochre, yellow  Mars__ 1)4  2@4
“ 
Ber........ 134  2@3
Putty,  commercial__ 2)4  2)4@3
“  strictly  pure.......2)4  2)4 @3
Vermilion Prime Amer­
ican ........................... 
13@16
Vermilion,  English__________ 70@75
Green,  Peninsular..................... 70@75
Lead,  red.....................  634©?V4
“  w h ite................  634@?V4
Whiting, white Span...  @70
Whiting,  Gilders’....................... @90
White, Paris American 
1  00
Whiting,  Paris  Eng.
cliff........................... 
1  40
Pioneer Prepared Paintl  20@1  4 
Swiss  Villa  Prepared 
Paints......................1 00@1  20

paints. 

“ 

‘ 
“ 

jEther, Spts  Nit, 3 F ..  26®  28
“  4 F . .   30®  32
Alumen........................ 2)4® 3%
ground,  (po.
7).............................. 
3®  4
Annatto......................   55®  60
Antimoni, po..............  
4®  5

“ et Potass T.  55®  60

VARNISHES.

No. 1 Turp  Coach......1  10@1  20
Extra Turp.................1  60® 1  70
Coach  Body...............2 75@3 00
No. 1 Turp F um ....... 1  00@1  10
Eutra Turk Damar__1  55@1  60
Japan  Dryer,  No.  1 
Turp  ........................   70®  75

“ THE  UNIVEBSALiS.”

Have  They  Come  to  Stay?  One  Re- j more  heavily  on  the small than  on  the ' 0f  an oath, madam ?

Had Experience.
j asking what is  to  be  the  outcome of  all 
this  change.  Dull  times  seem  to  press j Lawyer-
-Do you understand the nature
large dealers.  When money is close  the J  Witness—Well,  I should  say  I  did.
A “Universal” is a store in which everv-  cry  of  barSains  becomes  more  alluring  My husband took off  the  screens yester-
the stovepipesto-

tailors’  Experience. 

t 

'THE OLD ORIGINAL.”

1 

RE-PAINT 
Your Buggy 

for

7 5   c t s .

H A Z E L T IN E

&  P E R K IN S

D R U G   CO.

Importers  and  Jobbers  of

- D R U G S - -

Chemicals  and  Druggists’  Sundries.

Dealers  in

Patent Medicines, Paints, Oils, Varnishes.

Sole  Agents  for  the  Celebrated  Pioneer  Prepared  Paints.

We  are  Sole  Proprietors  of

WEATHERLY’S  MICHIGAN  CATARRH REMEDY.

We have in stock and offer a full line of

W h is k ie s ,  B ra n d ie s ,

G in s ,  W in e s ,  B u m s .

W e are  Sole  A gents  in  Michigan  for  W . D. & Con 

Henderson County, Hand Made  Sour M a s h  

W hisky and Druggists’ Favorite 

Rye  W hisky.

W e sell Liquors for Medicinal Purposes only.
W e give our Personal Attention to Mail  Orders  and  Guar­
All orders are Shipped and  Invoiced  the  same  day  we re- 

antee Satisfaction.
ceive them.  Send in a trial order.

toltine i Perkins  Drug  Go.,

GRAND  RAPIDS,  MICH.

Plaging Garde

WE  RRE  HEMQUÄRTERS

SEND  FOR  PRICE  LIST.

Daniel  Lpch,

19  So. Ionia  St., Grand Rapids.

DIAMOND  TEA

CURES

h iv e r and 

K idn ey 'Troubles 
Blood D iseases 

Constipation

---- AND----

F e m a le

C o m p la in ts
Being composed entirely of  HERBS, If 
is the only perfectly harmless  remedy oi 
the market and  is  recommended  by  al 
who use it.

Retail Druggists  will find it to 
their  interest  to  keep  the DIA­
MOND  TEA, as it fulfills all that 
is claimed,  making  it one of the 
very best selling articles handled.

Place your order w ith  our  Wbolesab

House.Diamond  flleiliGine Go.,

PROPBIETOBS,

DETROIT,  -  MICH.

Hazeltine &!Perkins Drug Co.,

WHOLESALE  AGENTS,

GRAND  R A PID S, 

- 

MICH.

P O IsIS H IN A .

(TRADE  MARK  REGISTERED.)

The Best Furniture Finish in the  Market. 

Specially  adapted  for  Pianos, 

Organs and Hard Woods.

D nlicllin!) 
remove  grease  and  dirt, and 
rU llo llllld   will add a lustre which for  beauty 
and durability cannot be excelled.
isc 'ean  and  easy  to  use,  as  fuU 
rU ilo lllila   directions accompany  each  bottle.
D oll till in  9  is  Put  up  in  LARGE  BOTTLES, 
ru ilo lliild   and is sold at the moderate price or 
Twenty-five Cents.
Dnl iohi nq  Is t,ie Best Furniture Finish in the 
r u ilo lliild   market.  Try it, and make your old 
furniture look fresh and new.
Dnliellina  is for sale  by all Druggists, Fumi- 
rUllollllld  ture  Dealers,  Grocery  and  Hard­
ware Stores.

BEWARE  OF IMITATIONS.

FOB  SALE  WHOLESALE

HAZELTINE  l  PERKINS  DRUG  CO.,

GRAND  RAPIDS.  MICH.

War Glaims a 3pBGlalty.

PENSIONS  FOR  DISABLED  SOLDIERS, 
their widows and children.
INCREASE  PENSIONS for  those  whose  dis­
abilities have increased, and for those who have 
become  entitled  to a higher  rate  by  a  depart­
mental ruling, or by act of  Congress.
VETERAN  BOUNTIES to all soldiers who re­
enlisted on or  before  April  1,  1864,  during  the 
war of the rebellion,  having  previously  served 
in  the  army  at  any  time  for  a period  of  (or 
periods aggregating)  nine months.
OFFICERS’  TRAVEL  PAY  now  collectable 
in every instance where a discharge  or  resigna­
tion was based upon a disability incurred in ser­
vice.
ALL  KINDS  OF  CLAIMS  diligently  and per­
sistently prosecuted.
Sixteen years experience.  My fees  and  other 
charges are  moderate  and  in  accordance  with 
the law.
ADVICE  FREE and  CHEERFULLY  GIVEN.
REFERENCES in every County  in  Michigan 
P. I. DARLING, Attorney,

on application.

Late  Special  E xam iner  U. S. B ureau  of  Pension«, 
4 6  Old H o u s e m a n   B u i l d i n g ,

Grand Rapids, m *«>-

SUSPENDED!

T   T T1  m   m   T   T V T   T P

  J N   H i ,
cJ 
Warranted  not  to  Thicken,  Sour  or  Mold In 
any climate.  Quality Guaranteed Against Injury 
by Freezing.  All  others  worthless  after free* 
ing.  See quotation.  KARTELL BLACKING 
CO., Sole Manufacturers,  Chicago, Til,

r* 1 

1

1

1

The MichiganTradesman

END  OF  A  BUSY  LIFE.

Death of a Veteran Soap Maker at the 

Age of Eighty.

B. T.  Babbitt,  the veteran  soap manu­
facturer, died on the 20th, at the ripe age 
of 80 years.  The Ne w York Tribune thus 
refers to the principal events of  his busy 
life:
The history of  Mr. Babbitt’s life is the 
history of the growth of the manufacture 
o f  soap in America.  That industry is not 
popularly regarded as ranking among the 
foremost  pursuits  to which  men  devote 
their energies,  yet  to  manufacture  soap 
successfully, even when  following in the 
beaten paths of  soap-lore, requires much 
skill.  For  the  materials  are  rarely  of 
exactly the same qualities and the process 
cannot be  reduced to the  nice  exactness 
o f  other  chemical  manipulations,  and 
much  depends  upon  the  judgment  and 
experience of  the operator.  As in every 
other  line  of  business,  there  is  always 
some individual who takes the lead of his 
competitors and  maintains  it,  so  in  this 
the name of  B. T.  Babbitt is more widely 
known  perhaps  than any other, and  his 
manufacturing establishment in this city 
is  probably  the  largest  in  the  United 
States, if  not in the world, devoted to the 
production  of  soap  as  a  specialty. 
Its 
yearly  production 
reaches  twenty  to 
twenty-five million pounds of  soap.
When Mr. Babbitt entered in the  busi­
ness most of the soap used in this country 
was  imported  from  Europe,  and  his 
entire plant was contained in a two-story 
building, twenty-five by one-hundred feet. 
He lived to  see  the  trade  revolutionized 
and  his  gigantic  establishment  cover 
twenty-three city lots,  with a  floor space 
o f  300,000 square feet.  One of the sights 
o f  New York to  people interested  in  its 
manufactures has long been Mr. Babbitt’s 
six immense kettles, made of heavy boiler 
iron, 
their  aggregate  capacity  being 
3.500,000  pounds, while the value of  the 
raw material  it takes to  fill them  before 
boiling is §216,000.  “What do you think 
it costs Babbitt  to  keep  the  kettle  boil­
ing ?”  was long a venerable  joke  in  the 
trade.  Most of  the machinery employed 
in the  great  factory  is of  Mr. Babbitt’s 
own invention.  He was possessed of a high 
order  of  inventive  genius,  and  a  great 
part  of  his  success  in  the  business  of 
manufacturing, in which a small  propor­
tion  of  those  who  engage  succeed, was 
due to his ability when a new idea struck 
bim to “ turn  in”  himself and  make  the 
machinery necessary to carry it out.
He was born on  a  farm  at  Westmore­
land, N.  Y., in 1809, and had  little  or  no 
opportunity in his early  days for acquir­
ing an education.  His boyhood and youth 
were spent  in farm  drudgery, but  when 
his frame became  well  knit  and  able  to 
endure the  harder  toil of  a  blacksmith, 
he left the farm  and  began to  learn that 
trade,  moving  from  Westmoreland  to 
TJtica.  Here he  first  discovered that  he 
had  mechanical  genius,  and  acquired  a 
village  reputation  as  an  apt  mender of 
farm machinery, such  as there w as of  it 
in those days.  Saving his earnings here, 
he  moved  to  Little  Falls,  Herkimer 
County, and began  to  manufacture farm 
machinery on  a  small  scale,  with  con­
siderable  success, making  a specialty of 
the  construction of  threshing-machines. 
Here his  inventive  ability  brought  him 
into  prominence,  for  he  manufactured 
the first mowing-machine that would mow 
ever  made  in  the  world.  Having  ac­
cumulated  about  §10,000, he  desired  to 
extend  his  operations;  so,  placing  the 
management of his business in the hands 
of  a friend he thought he could implicity 
trust, he came to New York in  1843  and 
began the  manufacture of  saleratus.
He had not more than got fairly started 
when he met with a crushing  blow.  His 
manager at Little  Falls proved  recreant 
to  his  trust,  and  Mr.  Babbitt  was  left 
literally  without  a  dollar  of  capital. 
Nothing  daunted,  however,  he  worked 
away all  the  harder  at  his  new  enter­
prise.  He  met  with  keen  competition, 
and added the production of soap-powder 
to  his  business.  Still, he  was  making 
little  progress,  when  a  fortunate  dis­
covery by him effected a complete revolu­
tion  in  the  manufacture  of  saleratus. 
Hitherto  it  had  been  made  only  from 
pearl-ash,  but he managed to produce the 
same results with  soda-ash, a  saving  in 
the process of  at least 80 per cent. •  This 
valuable invention  gave him  the control 
of  the trade in saleratus  over the  whole 
country,  and  his  wealth  began  to  ac­
cumulate rapidly.
About 1858  he  began  to  manufacture 
the various brands of  soap  for which he 
is best known and  which  have made  his 
great fortune.  All  through  his  life  his 
inventive  faculty  was  busy  with  some 
new  mechanical  problem. 
In  order  to 
have  scope  for  these  ideas  he  erected 
extensive works in 1871  in the village of 
Whitesboro,  Oneida  County,  N.  Y.,  on 
the line of the Erie Canal.  Not less than 
§500,000  was  expended  on  these  works. 
They were devoted principally to the con­
struction of  the boilers, engines and  ma­
chinery required in the New York factory, 
as well as  to  the building of  the various 
mechanical  appliances  which  are  Mr. 
Babbitt’s  own  invention.  Among these 
may  be  mentioned  a  steam  canalboat, 
built to solve the difficult problem of how 
to use a  steam  vessel in  canals  without 
endangering the  safety  of  the  banks  by 
the  vessel’s  “ wash;”  a  rotary  steam 
engine without piston, cylinder or valves, 
and a combined steam-generator, conden­
ser and steam-heater.
Mr.  Babbitt’s  fondness  for  invention, 
and the amount of  time he  devoted to it, 
made it  necessary to surrender  much of 
the management of  his  business  to  em­
ployes.  He  had  started to manufacture 
saleratus with a partner, I.  T. Earle, but 
bought him out in  1852,  and  never  took 
another.  His  trusted  accountant  for 
many years, C. R. Beckwith, possessed so 
entirely the old man’s confidence, that by 
a  series  of  embezzlements,  he  secured 
§225,000 of  his  employer’s  money  with­
out Mr. Babbitt even suspecting it.  The 
thief was  unmasked  by a  detective who 
came upon  Beckwith’s  trail  by accident 
and the accountant  served  out a term  in 
Sing Sing  for  his  crime,  but  refused  to 
give up the money.
Mr.  Babbitt’s  fortune  is  valued  at
5,000,000, invested in his business plant 
here,  his  branches  in  Philadelphia  and 
Cincinnati, a  number  of  houses  in New 
York,  his  own  fine  home,  No.  35  West 
Thirty-fourth  street,  and  his  country 
.home and a good deal of  village property

about it  at  Ravenswood, L. I.  His  fine 
farm of  100 acres in  Westchester County 
is also worth considerable money.  Here 
he delighted to  raise  the  big  Percheron 
horses that drew his heavy vans  through 
the  streets  of  the  city. 
In  appearance 
Mr.  Babbitt  was  tall  and  commanding; 
a  fine,  open  face,  clean-shaved,  with 
piercing eyes and  hooked  nose, was sur­
mounted  with  a  great  shock  of  thinly- 
curled hair,  jet-black  in  his  youth,  but 
for  a long time snowy-white.  For many 
years he always wore  about  the factory, 
which  he  personally  superintended,  a 
swallow-tailed dress-coat of  black broad­
cloth and a high hat.

Dana  on the Drummer.

From  th e New York Sun.
So far as this country is concerned,  the 
drummer is a type of character produced 
since the war; but he has already brought 
about a radical  change in the methods of 
business and in the body of  men  pursu­
ing  it.  He  is  a  distinct  individuality, 
aggressive  and 
irrepressible,  who  is 
modifying, not merely business life,  but 
to some extent  social life also. 
In  this 
respect and in the effect  of  his  wonder­
ful  habits,  he  bears  a  likeness  to  the 
sailor  of  the  days  before  steam  had 
worked its  transformations.  A  very in­
teresting  character for  the study of  the 
social philosophers is the modern Ameri­
can drummer.

HARDWOOD  LUMBER.

The furniture factories  here pay as follows for 
dry  stock,  measured  merchantable,  mill  culls 
out:
Basswood, log-run............................... 13 00@15 00
Birch,  log-run....................................... 15 00@16 00
Birch, Nos. 1 and 2...........*..................   @22 00
Black Ash, log-run............................... 14 00@16 00
Cherry, log-run..................................... 25 00@40 00
Cherrv, Nos. 1  and  2............................60 00@65 00
Cherry, Cull.........................................   @12 00
Maple, log-run......................................12 00@13 00
Maple,  soft, log-run..............................11 00@13 00
Maple, Nos. 1 and 2..............................  @20 00
Maple,  clear, flooring.........................   @25 00
Maple,  white, selected........................  @25 00
Rea Oak, log-run.................................. 20 00@21 00
Red Oak, Nos. 1 and 2...........................26 00@2S 00
Red Oak, V sawed, 6 inch and upw’d.38 00@40 DO
Red Oak, >1 sawed, regular.................. 30 00@32 00
Red Oak, No. 1, step plank.................   @25 00
Walnut, log ru n ...................................  @55 00
Walnut, Nos. 1 and 2...........................  @75 00
Walnuts, c u ll......................................  @25 00
Grey Elm, log-run.................................12 60@13 05
White Aso, log-run............................... 14 00@16 00
Whitewood, log-run............................. 20 00@22 00
White Oak, log-run............................... 17 00@18 00
White Oak, 
sawed. Nos. 1 and 2 —  42 00@43 00

FOURTH NATIONAL BAE

Grand  Rapids,  Mich.

A.  J.  Bowne, President.

Geo.  C.  P ierce,  Vice President.

H.  W.  Nash, Cashier
CAPITAL,  -  -  -  $300,000.

Transacts a general  banking  business.

take a Specialty of Collections.  Accounts 

of Country Merchants Solicited.

F .  R a n iv ille ,
LEATHER  BELTING

Manufacturer of

JOBBER  OF

Rubber Goods and Mill Supplies.

1  to  5  Pearl  Street,

GRAND  RAPIDS. 

: 

MICH.

W A N T E D .

POTATOES,  APPLES,  DRIED 

FRUIT,  BEANS 

and all kinds of Produce.

If yon have any  of  the  above  goods to 
ship, or anything  in  the Produce  line,  let 
uh  hear  from  yon.  .Liberal cash advances 
made when desired.

E A R L   B R O S . ,

C o m m issio n  M e r c h a n t s

157 South Water St.,  CHICAGO. 

Reference:  F ir s t  National  Bank,  Chicago. 
Mich ig a n Tradesman. Grand Rapids.

TIME  TABLES.

Grand Rapids  & Indiana. 

In effect Oct. 6,1889.
TRAINS  GOING  NORTH.

Traverse C ity A  M ackinaw................7:00 a  m  
Traverse  City  Express..................... 9:30a m  
Traverse City A  M ackinaw...............3:05 p m 
From  C in cin n ati................................. 8:45 p m

A rrive. 

Leave.
7:20 a  m
'11:30am
4:10 p m

GOING  SOUTH.
Cincinnati  Express........................... 
F o rt W ayne Express....... .................11:45 a m  
Cincinnati  Express.............................. 5:30 p m 
K alam azoo and Chicago................... 10:40 p m  

7:00am
12:45 a m
8:00 p m
11:05 p m
T rain leaving fo r Cincinnati a t 6 p.  m.  and  arriv in g  
from   C incinnati  a t  7 p.  m.,  ru n s  daily,  Sundays  in­
cluded.  O ther tra in s daily except Sunday.
Sleeping and P a rlo r C ar  S ervice:  N orth—7:20 a. m. 
and 4:10 p. m. tra in s h ave  sleeping and p arlo r cars for 
M ackinaw City.  South—7 a. m. tra in  has ch air c a r and 
6 p. m. tra in  P ullm an sleeping c a r fo r C incinnati; 11:05 
p. m. tra in  has W agner sleeping car fo r Chicago.

Muskegon, Grand Rapids & Indiana*

GOING WB8T.

Leave 
Arrive.
7:00 a m ....................................................................... 10:15am
11:15 a m .......................................................................  3:45 p m
5:40 p m .......................................................................  8:45 p m
Leaving tim e a t  Bridge stre e t  depot 7 m inutes later.
C. L. Lockwood, Gen’l Pass. Agent.
Detroit, Grand Haven & Milwaukee.
Leaves.
1:00 p m
4:20 p m
7:00a m
7:30 a m
6:50 a m
10:20 a  m
3:45pm
10:55 p m
tDaily, Sundays excepted.  *Daily.
D etroit  Express  has p arlo r  car  to  D etroit,  m aking 
d irect connections fo r all points  East, a rriv in g  in New 
Y ork 10:10 a. m. next day.
G rand  Rapids  express  has  p arlo r  car  D etroit  to 
G rand  Rapids.  N ight  express  has  W agner  sleeping 
c a r to D etroit, a rriv in g  in D etroit a t 7:20 a.  m.
steam ship 
tick ets 
secured  a t 
D., G. H. A  M .R’y offices, 23 Monroe St., and a t th e depot.

Arrives. 
fM orning Express............................. 12:50 p m  
tThrough Mail......................................4:10 p m  
tG randR apids  Express........................... 10:40 p m
*Night Express.................................... 0:40 a m  
tMixed.................................................. 
GOING EAST.
tD etroit  Express..............................  
tT hrough M ail..................................10:10 a m 
tEvening Express.................... .....3 :3 5 p m  
*Night Express..................................10:30 p m  

sleeping 
J ab. Ca m pb e ll. Citv P assenger Agent.

tick ets  and  ocean 

Through  railro ad  

b erth s 

and 

J no. W. L oud, Traffic M anager, D etroit.

car 

Toledo, Ann Arbor & Northern.

For Toledo and all points South and East, take 
the Toledo, Ann Arbor & North  Michigan  Rail­
way from Owosso Junction.  Sure  connections 
at above point with trains of D., G. H. & M., and 
connections at Toledo  with  evening  trains  for 
Cleveland, Buffalo, Columbus,  Dayton,  Cincin­
nati, Pittsburg, Creston, Orville  and  all  promi­
nent points on connecting lines.

A. J. Paisley, Gen’l Pass. Agent

STk-L ea f 
SOAP,

ABSOLUTELY

THE  BEST  F0f 

PURE.
THE
LAUNDRY,
THE BATH
GENERAL  HOUSEHOLD
^   11 
For  Sale  by  all  Grocers.
THE ELOPEMENT.

ASK  FOR  it .

„  .   U S E   .   .

------  il  —  

AND

Elegant  reproduction  of  the famons  Water  Goloi 
iy  Kaemmerer,  issued  by  ns  at  a  cost  of  ovei 
5,000  dollars.  A  copy  sent free to  any address or 
:eceipt of 25 wrappers from the

Q A M E A r S O A P

GOWANS & STOVER,  Buffilo.  N.  Y.

Job  Printing!

We desire to  call  atten­
tion  to  our  facilities  for 
first-class  job 
producing 
printing for the  trade.

If  you  live  in a part  of 
the State where you cannot 
get satisfactory work, write 
us for estimates.  Samples 
and prices sent on applica­
tion.

We carry a complete line 
of  stationery,  papers—in 
fact all kinds  of  printers’ 
stock. 
Send  sample  of 
what you want.

Fuller i  Stowe 

Company,

100 Louis St.,

GRAND  RAPIDS.

WHO  U R G E S   Y O U

T O   1 § . E E P

T H E E   F T T B X -iIO !

By splendid and expensive advertising  the  manufacturers ere 
ate  a  demand,  and  only  ask  the  trade  to  keep the goods in 
stock so as to supply the orders sent to  them.  W ithout effort 
on the grocer’s part the goods  sell themselves,  bring  purchas­
ers to the store, and help sell less known goods.
ANY JOBBER W ILL BE GLAD  TO FILL YOUR ORDERS.

P u tn am   Candy Co.,

JOBBERS  OF

BEN. W. PUTNAM, Pres. 

JAMES M. BARNETT, Vioe-Pres. 

FRED  B.  ALDRICH, Sec’y and Treas.

E.  J.  D E T T E N T H A E E R ,

JOBBER  OF

W M . SEARS & CO.,

Gradier  Manufacturers,

3 7 ,  3 9   a n d   41  K e n t S t.,  G ran d   R a p id s.

B R O W N   &  S E H E E R ,

Engines,  Boilers  and  Mill  Machinery,  Fan Machinery,

Agricultural  Implements, Wagons and Carriages.

DEALERS  IN

Mail Orders Receive Prompt  Attention.  See  Quotations  in Another  Column. 

CONSIGNMENTS  OF  ALE  KINDS  OF  WILD  GAME  SOLICITED.

Io n ia  P a n ts  & O v e ra ll Co.

E. D.  Voorhees,  Manager.

MANUFACTURERS  OF

Pants,  Overalls,  Goats,  Jackets,  Shirts,  Etc.

Warranted  Not to Rip.

Fit  Guaranteed.

Workmanship  Perfect.

Mr. Voorhees’ long experience in the manufacture of  these  goods  enables him 
to turn out a line especially adapted to the  Michigan  trade.  Samples  and  prices 
sent on application.

IONIA,  MICH.

A  Common

Idea

Two Years
T e s t .

E,  G.  8TUDLEY,
R u b b e r

Wholesale  Dealer in

Boots andShoBS
GANDER RUBBER  CO.

Manufactured by

Send  for  Large  Illustrated  Catalogue fand 

Price List.

TELEPHONE  464.

No.  4  Monroe  Street,

GRAND  RAPIDS,  MICH.

C U R T I S S   & 
WHOLESALE

C O . ,

Paper  Warehouse.

We carry the VEBY BEST double or single  bit,  hand-shaved  ax  handle
Grand  Rapids,  Mich.
Houseman  Block, 

ever made.

- 

No Combination Here

It  is  h a r d ly   n e c e s s a r y   for  u s  to 
in fo r m   th e   tr a d e   th a t  w e   d o   n o t  b e lo n g  
to  th e  W h o le s a le  G r o c e r s’ C o m b in a tio n  
a n d   th a t w e   d o   n o t  s e ll  g o o d s   a t  c o m ­
b in a tio n   p r ic es.

T elfer  S pice  C o m p a n y .

1  AND  3  PEARL  STREET.

R in c lin e , 

MICHIGAN  AGENTS  FOR  THE

B e r ts c h  &   C o .,

BOSTON  RU B BER  SHOE  CO.

We carry a full line in stock and  guarantee  terms and prices as good as any house 

selling the line.  Correspondence solicited.

1 9 .  14  AND  16  PEARL  ST.,  GRAND  RAPIDS,  MICH.

Grand.  Rapids,  Mich•

MANUFACTURERS  AND JOBBERS  IN

Road.

B o g g i n g

D e liv e r y

P le a s u r e

SEND  FOB  CATALOGUE.

O R D E R

Novelties  in  Perfumery,

Comprising many  New Shapes  in  Bottles, Brass Stands, China Stands,

Glass  Stands, Wicker  Stands,  from

Jennings  &  Sm ith,

Grand Rapids, Mich•

ALL  ORDERS  FILLED  PROMPTLY.

Every  garment  bearing  the  above  ticket  is 
WARRANTED  NOT  TO  RIP, and,  if  not as re­
presented, you are requested  to  return  it to the 
Merchant of whom it was purchased and receive 
a new garment.
S T A N T O N ,   S A M P S O N   &  CO.,

Manufacturers, Detroit, Mich.

I t o ,  Attention

W e are making  a  Middlings 
Purifier and Flour Dresser that 
will save you their cost at least 
three times each year.*
They  are  guaranteed  to  do 
more  work in less  space (with 
less  power  and  less  waste) 
than  any  other  machines  of 
their  class.
Send  for  descriptive  cata­
logue with testimonials.
Martin’s  M iiliop  Purifier  Co.,

G R IP   RAPIDS,  MICH.

S.  P .  B e n n e tt,
The "Live GOAL Man.”

Wilkesbarre and Pittston Anthracite 
Coal, Cumberland  Blossburg  Smith­
ing Coal, 72-hour  Connelsville Coke.

A large supply  of  the  above  coals on track the 

year around.  Write for prices.

8. P. BENNETT,  Grand Rapids, Mich,

Special  N otice !
All smithing coals sold  by us we guar­
antee to be mined  from  the  BIG  VEIN 
in the Georges  Creek  District.  This is 
the coal so  favorbly known as Piedmont 
or  Cumberland  Blossburg,  and  stands 
unrivalled for smithing purposes.

S o m e th in g   N e w

Bill Snort

We  guarantee  this  cigar  the 
best  §35  cigar  on  the  market. 
Send  us  trial  order,  and  if  not 
ENTIRELY  SATISFACTORY 
return  them.  Advertising mat­
ter sent with each order.

ßliarlBifoix  Cigar  MTg  Co„

CHARLEVOIX,  MICH.

Plumbing,

Steam  and  Hot  Water Heating, 
Brooks’  Hand  Force  Pump, In­
stantaneous  Water  Heater,  Hot 
Air  Furnaces,  Mantels,  Grates 
and Tiling,  Gas  Fixtures, Etc. 
Wholesale and Retail Dealers in

P lu m b e r s ’  S u p p lie s.
184 East  Fiilton  St., Head of  Monroe,

Telephone  No. 147.
21  SeriUner  Street,
Telephone No. 1109.

GRAND  RAPIDS, 

-  MICH.

