Eighteenth  Anniversary  Edition.  Price  10  cents.

Volume  XVIII.

GRAND  RAPIDS,  WEDNESDAY,  SEPTEMBER  12,  1900

Number 886

Send  for  Our  New  Catalogue  of

Gut  Glass 

Lamps 

Fancy  Goods

See  what  we  offer  before  placing  your  mail  orders

We  Sell  to

Dealers  Only*

42=44  Lake  Street, 

Chicago.

C I G A R S

To  meet the popular demand

Royal  Tiger 10c in  8 sizes

They are

-we are now making:

Tigerettes 5c in  4 sizes

-A  SMOKER’S   SMOKE

and  you  should  carry  a  full  line  of  them.

Phelps,  Brace & Co., Detroit, Michigan

The Largest Cigar Dealers  in  the Middle  West 

C l G   A 

F.  E.  Bushman, Manager
"

1

f  i.

|K

S

U

I CHARLES  H.  WERNER | 
I 

& SONS CO.,

WHOLESALE

Crockery,
Glassware,
Bazaar
Goods,
Toys,
Lamps,
Holiday
Goods,

Notions, 
Wooden- 

I  ware,

¡§¡1  Tinware, 

Stoneware, 
Cutlery, 
Etc.

WRITE  FOR  OUR  CATALOGUES.

We  have  one  of  the  best  lines  of  Dolls,  Toys,  China, 
Glassware  and  Holiday  Goods  ever  shown  in  Michigan. 
See  our  line  before  you  make  your  purchases,  it  will  pay
y ° u-

253, 255  Randolph  St.  and  1,  3,  5  Center  St.,

DETROIT,  MICH.

M  
2  
1 

FALL  TERM

Begins  September  3.
Fourteen  Departments

Send  for  catalogue.

W.  N.  Ferris,

Principal and Proprietor.

^ p g O O P P P P g P P B P g g g g g J tiH M H m M H I iH m H H H H U HHHHMULftflmHUt(g)

Merchants  Attention! 

|
If you want a  B o o k k e e p e r ,  S t e n o g r a p h e r , or first-class office assist-  jo 
ant of any kind, address the Michigan  Business and  Normal College, Battle Creek,  £  
Mich.  None but  thoroughly  competent  help  recommended.  No  charge 
£
for our part of the work, and  our students give universal  satisfaction. 
J?
/tnrsTnryTnrsTTBTnnnnnnnnnnrinf tnr# vinr innnnnnrinnnrif tnnnnnf <5/

They are trained for business. 

EQQ 

BAKING 
POWDER'

For the  Dealers’  Profit and 

Cooks’  Delight

We want to  correspond with  every

dealer who  does  not know why

he  should not fail  to  carry

E g g  B a k i n g * P o w d e r

Ai 

>

f  

>

1 '  1  *

C l e v e l a n d : 

186 Seneca St. 

H o m e   O f f i c e :  N e w  Y o r k  C ity .

C i n c i n n a t i  :  33 West Second St. 

D e t r o i t :  121 Jefferson Ave. 

I n d i a n a p o l i s  :  318 Majestic Building.

j p f !
£ & gg§g§P

LI  J

Y T Y Y T T T i r T T i r T O T T T T i n n n r

Walsh-DeRoo  Wheat Grits

Nutritious,  delicious,  easily  cooked.  Un­
surpassed  in  merit  by  any  cereal  food. 
Lower in price than others.  Makes  dishes 
fit to  set  before a  king.  A   trial  is  sure to 
make you  a  regular customer.

Walsh=De  Roo Milting Co.,

Holland,  Mich.

JUUUUUL

Don’t Waste Your Profits

There  are  a  great  many  ways  to  prevent  this.
The  sure  way  is  to  secure  a
............................

STIMPSON  COMPUTING  GROCERS’  SCALE.

They  save  all  overweights  and  prevent  loss  from  incorrect  computation.
Our  scales  are  sold  on  easy  monthly  payments.  Write for information.

W.  F.  STIMPSON  CO.,  Detroit

Volume XVIII.

GRAND  RAPIDS, WEDNESDAY,  SEPTEMBER  12,1900.

ASSOCIATE OFFICES  IN 
CITIES

ALL  PRINCIPAL

vgaM cm .
R eferences :  State Bank of Michigan and Mich­
igan Tradesman. Grand Rapids.
Collector  and  Commercial  Lawyer  and 
Preston National Bank,  Detroit.
♦

B  •••»»»•♦

♦

♦

♦

♦

♦

♦

♦

♦

♦ »♦

♦ «
KOLB  &  SON,  the  oldest  wholesale
clothing manufacturers, Rochester, N. Y. 
The only house in  America  manufactur­
ing all  Wool  Kersey  Overcoats  at  $6.50 
for fall and winter wear, and our fall and 
winter line generally is perfect.
WM.  CONNOR, 20  years with us, will be 
at Sweet’s Hotel Grand  Rapids,  Sept. 22 
to  30. 
Customers’  expenses  paid  or 
write him Box 310, Marshall, Mich., to call 
on you and you will see  one  of  the  best 
lines manufactured, with  fit,  prices  and 
quality guaranteed.

Perfection Time 
Book and Pay Roll

Takes  care  of  time  In  usual 
way, also divides  up  pay  roll 
into the several amounts need­
ed  to  pay  each  person.  No 
running around after change.
Send for Sample Sheet.

Barlow  Bros.
Grand  Rapids,  Mich.

T he  M ercantile  A oency

Established 1841.

R.  Q.  D U N  &  CO.

Widdlcomb  Bld’g,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 

Rooks arranged with trade classification  of  names 
Collections made everywhere. Write for particulars,

L.  P.  WITZLEBEN,  Manager.

The sensation of the coffee trade is

A. 1. C.  High  Grade  Coffees
They  succeed  because  the  quality  is  right,  and 
the plan of selling up to date.  If there is  not  an 
agency in your town, write the

A. L  C. COFFEE  CO.,

21-23 River St., Chicago.

T H E '

 

'  

F I R E

Prompt, Conservative, .Safe.

> J.W.Chahpuh, Pres.  W. Fnan McBain, Sec.

c o s

Knights of the Loyal Guard

A Reserve Fund Order 

A   fraternal  beneficiary  society  founded 
upon  a  permanent  plan.  Permanency 
not cheapness  its  motto.  Reliable  < 
uties wanted.  Address

EDWIN 0. WOOD, Flint, Mich.

Suprem e C om m ander  in  Chief.

Tradesman Coupons

this 

FOLLOW ING  ORDERS, 
printer’s  maxim,  “ Follow your
The
it  goes  out  of  the  window,”   is 
copy 
if
no  more  to  the  purpose  than  the  manu­
facturer’s, 
“ Fill  your  order,”   with 
trong  emphasis  on  the  last  word.  The 
behind  the  copy  and  the  order 
now  or  ought  to  know  what  thev  want 
nd  anything  different  from  exactly  that 
presumption.  The  temptation  to  do 
is  often  great,  but  he  that  resists 
‘ bringeth  peace  to  his  soul"  The 
copy  may  be  full  of  glaring  blunders;
may  convey  anything  but  the  in­
tended  idea ;  but  woe  to  the  printer who 
garbles’ ’  his copy.  The  manufacturer 
receives  an  order.  His  knowledge  of 
the  goods  and  of  the  section  from  which 
the  order  comes  tells  him  the  order  is  a 
blunder;  but  a  painful  experience  has 
taught  him  his  duty  and  to  the letter the 
order  is  filled.

The  agent  of  a  London  clock  manu­

The 

facturing  house  reported  home  that 
large 
German  company  was  doing  a 
in  cheap  clocks  sent  to  South 
trade 
Africa.  He  secured  a  sample  and  the 
wiseacres  of  the  firm  soon  figured  out 
the  fact  that  a  better  article  could  be 
made  and  sold  at  a  lower  price  than 
in  the  same 
that  of  the  German  house 
market. 
superintendent  of  the 
works  read  the  order  and  shook  his 
head.  He knew  something  of  the  goods 
and  the  market  for  which  they  were  in 
tended;  but  he  had 
learned— bitterly 
learned— to  “ fill  your  order”   and  he 
filled  it.  The  clocks  were  made  and  for 
warded  with  a  wonder  how  the  German 
house  would  express 
indignation 
The  venture  was  a  failure.  The  inferior 
clock of  the  German  company  kept right 
making  sales  and  enormous  profits
while  the  superior  English  manufacture 
was  looked  at,  examined  and  left.

its 

superior 

into  which 

it  had  come. 

The  explanation  was  easy  and  philo 
sophical:  The 
article  was 
ahead  of  the  customer  and  the  period  in 
which  he 
lived.  There  was  too  much 
refinement  about  it  for  the  existing  civ 
lization 
It 
didn’t  tic k ! 
It  marked  accurately  the 
passing  minute  and  hour,  but 
it  di 
not,  like  the  exultant  hen,  sufficientl 
proclaim  them.  Then  it  was  that  noise 
became  an  end  to  be  worked  for  in  the 
British  clock  manufactory;  and,  when 
the  next  shipload  of  timekeepers  stru 
the  South African  market  they sold.  Not 
a  second  passed  without  a  distinct  dec 
laration  of  the  fact.  Each  individua 
timepiece  ticked 
like  a  New  England 
town  clock  and,  made  for that  purpose 
its  hands  soon  marked  the  death hour of 
the  German  enormity,  which  it  literally 
ticked out  of  commercial existence.  The 
wise  old  superintendent  nodded his wise 
old  head  when  the  changed  order  was 
put  into  his  hands  and  he  is  more  than 
ever  strengthened  in  his  belief  that  ex 
perience 
is  the  best  schoolmaster  and 
that  an  order  literally  filled  soonest  se 
cures  his  services.

The 

lesson 

is  not  confined  to  clocks 
Its  application  is  as  wide  as  the  world 
of  orders  which 
It  in 
sists  that  the  man  writing  the  orde 
knows  what  he  wants and that the manu 
i facturer  is  only  a  willing  agent  in  his

it  illustrates. 

hands,  responsible for  the  accuracy  with 
hich  the  order  is  filled.  When the  time 
comes—and 
it  always  does  come— for 
the  ordergiver  to  make  available  every 
means  of 
information  he  can  secure, 
there  will  be  fewer  instances  for  the 
story  of  the  clock  to  illustrate,  but  fact 
nd  illustration,  whenever  and  wherever 
pplied,  will  only  confirm  the  maxims 
that  the  printer  must  follow  his  copy 
nd  the  manufacturer  must  fill his order.

COMMERCE  OF  THE  LAKES.

statistics 

Realizing  the  importance  of  securing 
accurate  data  as  to the  commerce  of  the 
reat  Lakes,  and  the  public  interest  at­
taching  thereto,  the  Bureau  of  Statistics 
of  the  Treasury  Department  made  ar­
in  1899  to  secure  accurate 
rangements 
data  of  the  commerce  of  the 
lakes.  A 
system  was  devised  showing the receipts 
and  shipments  of  every  port  on  the 
lakes,  covering  all  the  principal  articles 
of  commerce,  and  this  system  has  been 
in  practical  operation  this  season,  and 
s  proving  satisfactory  to  all  concerned.
The 
just  compiled,  and 
which  form  a  part  of  the  July  summary 
of  commerce  and  finance,  show  that, 
during  the  month  of  July,  5*385  vessels 
rrived  at  the  thirty-seven  principal 
ports  on  the  Great  Lakes,  and  from  the 
opening  of  navigation  up  to  Aug.  1  the 
total  number  of  arrivals  was  15,941. 
The  proportion  of  the  water  transporta­
tion  interests  of  some  of  the  cities  on 
the  Great Lakes  is  also  strikingly  illus 
trated.  For  instance,  there  entered  the 
port  of  Chicago  during  the  month  of 
uly  1,108  vessels,  or  an  average  of 
thirty-six  vessels  per  day.  From  the 
opening  of  navigation  in  April  to  Au 
gust  1,  the vessel arrivals  at  Chicago  ag 
gregated  3.518. 
the  July  record 
Cleveland  ranked  next  to  Chicago,  there 
having  been  533  arrivals  during  the  in 
terim ;  but  for  the  season  to  date,  both 
Milwaukee  and  Buffalo  outclass  Cleve 
land,  the  total  arrivals  at  Milwaukee 
being  1, 599»  and  at  Buffalo  i,355>  as 
Compared  with  1,336  arrival,  at  Cleve 
land.  The  port  of  Detroit  was  entered 
by  275  vessels  during  July,  and  there 
were  944  arrivals  at  Duluth,  Minn.,  and 
439  at  West  Superior,  Wis.,  her  sister 
city  at  the  head  of  the  lakes.

In 

The  iron  ore  traffic  is  a  branch of lake 
commerce  in  which  the  greatest  interest 
s  felt  this  year  by-all persons connected 
with  the  iron  and  steel 
industry.  Thus 
far  this  season  the  total  receipts  of  iron 
ore  foot  up  7,890,069  tons,  1,869,721 tons 
being  received  at  Ashtabula,  1,422,327 
tons  at  Cleveland,  and  1,154,465  tons  at 
South  Chicago  during  the  season;  while 
the  principal  ports  of  shipment  were 
Two  Harbors,  with  1,770,846  tons,  and 
Duluth,  with  1,690,935  tons.

These  figures  give'  a  fairly  accurate 
idea  of  the  enormous  traffic  carried  up­
on  the  Great  Lakes,  the  aggregate value 
of  which  is  probably  greater  than  that 
of  our  entire  foreign  trade. 
It  is  to  be 
hoped  that  the  Treasury  Department 
will  continue  to  perfect 
its  system  of 
statistics  covering  lake  commerce,  as  in 
no  other branch of industry are American 
enterprise  and  pluck  more clearly  shown 
than  in  this  enormous  traffic  in the heart 
of  the  country.

Number 886

TH E  EIGH TEENTH  YEAR.

issued 

journal  ever 

in  presenting 

In  celebration  of  the  beginning  of  the 
eighteenth  year  of  successful  publica­
tion, 
the  Michigan  Tradesman  takes 
pleasure 
to  its  readers 
this  week  a  100  page  paper— the  largest 
weekly  trade 
in 
Michigan— replete  with  special  articles 
prepared  by  men  of  the  greatest  prom- 
nence  and  widest  experience 
in  the 
ines  of  business  concerning  which  they 
write.  The  Tradesman  is  proud  of  the 
knowledge  that  a  similar  compilation  of 
original  articles— as  to  scope,  accuracy 
and  particularity— has  never before been 
made.  To  have  made  this  one,  as  now 
presented,  would  have  been 
impossible 
save  for  the  assistance  rendered  by  the 
eminent  gentlemen  who  have  so  gener­
ously  contributed  to  the  success  of  this 
edition  and  to  whom  the  Tradesman 
gives  earnest  thanks—thanks  which  will 
be  repeated  by  every  reader.

The 

anniversary 

edition  of 

Tradesman  is  not  for  hasty  perusal. 

the 
It 
made  to  he  studied  and  will  repay 
the  student.  There 
is  more  in  it  than 
figures.  There  is  in  it  much  of  the  best 
thought  and  deepest  research  this  coun­
try  can  offer. 
It  will  do  good,  as  such 
clear  and 
forcible  statements  of  fact 
must  always  do  good.

indulge 

It  is  usually  customary  at  such  times 
to 
in  self-congratulation-  and 
more  or  less  invidious  comparisons,  but 
the  Tradesman 
is  disposed  to  permit 
the  occasion  to  pass  without  making 
any  extended  remarks  along  these  lines, 
because 
it  realizes  that  its  readers  are 
always  ready  to  accord  it  its  proper  sta­
tion 
in  the  field  of  trade  journalism 
and  that  to  maintain  its  position  and 
ensure  its  constant  growth  it  is  only  es­
sential  that 
it  continue  to  pursue  its 
policy  of  constant  endeavor  to  accom­
plish  the  utmost  along  every 
legitimate 
line;  to  avoid,by  every  possible  means, 
the  admission  to 
its  columns  of  that 
which  may  lead  to  error,  and  to  employ 
none  but  correct  business  methods  in 
exploiting  its  subscription  and a d verti­
ng  departments.
Another year  of  successful  publication 
places  the  Tradesman  under  added  ob- 
igations  to  its  subscribers,  advertisers 
and  employes  for  the  loyal  support  they 
have  given  and  the  hearty  manner  in 
which  they 
indicate  their  intention  of 
continuing  their  part  of  the  work  of 
keeping  up  the  ratio  of  advance  so  long 
maintained.

On  account  of  the 

large  number  of 
special  articles  published  this  week, 
several  regular  departments  are  neces­
sarily  omitted.  The  Tradesman  regrets 
this  deviation  from  its  regular  custom 
and  assures 
its  readers  that  the  usual 
equilibrium  will  be  restored  next  week.

There 

is  no  place  on  earth  where 
hoodlums  are  wanted;  but  there  are 
strongly  guarded  places  where 
they 
ought  to  be.

Com pulsory  education  is  aw kw ard  in 
a  place  where  there  are  not schoolhouses 
enough  to  accom m odate  the  people.

No  man  with  whiskers  has  any  right 

to  put  butter  on  his  green  corn.

2

TH E   CIGAR TR A D E .

H ow  It H as Grown From  N othing to Large 

D im ensions.

It  has  been  said  that  what  seems  to 
be  the  worse  curst  frequently  turns  out 
to  be  the  greatest  blessing  in  disguise, 
and  such  is  the  case  with  the  cigar 
in­
dustry  of  the  United  States.  Half  a 
generation  ago  the  manufacture 
of 
cigars 
in  this  country  amounted  next 
to  nothing ;  it  could  scarcely  be  called 
an  industry.  There  were  at  that  time 
no 
large  manufacturers  and  nothing  to 
encourage  one  to  go  into  the  manufac­
turing  of  cigars.  The  entire  product  of 
that  period  did  not  equal  the  output  of 
one  of  the  mammoth  manufacturing  in­
stitutions  of  this  day,  nor  did  the  value 
of  the  tobacco  used  in  cigars  equal  that 
of  two  or  three  of  the  cargoes  that  are 
frequently  unloaded  in  our  ports.

There  are  to-day  in  the  United  States 
a  trifle  over  30,000  cigar  manufacturers 
who  have  paid  during  the  past  fiscal 
year  almost  $17,000,000  for  taxes  into 
the  Treasury,  and  this  enormous  indus­
try  and  wonderful  showing  could  have 
only  been  made  by  adopting  the  same 
tactics  that  were  employed  by  our  Gov­
ernment  during  the  Civil  War.

Prior  to  the  breaking  out  of  the  war, 
i  the  bulk  of  the  cigars  consumed  in  this 
country  came  from  Germany  and  they 
were  sold  at  from  $3  to  $5  per  thousand 
ordinarily,  about  the  same  price  we  are 
now  paying  to  the  Government  for taxes 
for  each  thousand—$3.60.  These  cigars 
were  mostly  made 
in  Pfalzer  and  the 
price  received  included  the  cost  of  the 
tobacco,  the  money  paid  to  the  laborer, 
the  boxes  and  the  freight,  and,  if  we 
stop  to  consider  the  price  paid,  it  will 
not  take  us  long  to  consider the  quality. 
It 
fact  that  many  of  these  cigars 
reached  this  country  in  a  moldy  condi­
tion  and  were  even  sold  in  such  condi­
tion.  There  are  probably  a  great  many 
of  us  who  can  remember  the  time  when 
a  box  containing  100  so  called  cigars 
was  sold  for  40  cents.

is  a 

The  most  fastidious  class  fared,  how­
ever,  much  better.  The  cigars  with 
which  they  were  supplied  came  from 
Cuba.  The  price  the  dealer  paid  for  a 
fine  article  was  from  $16  to  $20  per 
thousand,  such  cigars  retailing  for  5c 
or  six  for  a  quarter.

The  writer  of  this  article  was  recent­
ly  conversing  with  one  of Chicago’s old­
est  retail  dealers,  who told him  the  very 
highest  price  he  obtained  for  a  box  of 
cigars  before  the  war  was  $9  and  there 
was  but  one  man  in  the  city  of  Chicago 
who  would  pay  that  price.  When  the 
Civil  War  broke  out  this  Government, 
of  necessity,  levied  a  tax  on  cigars  and 
tobacco,  which  at  once  gave  this  indus­
try  such  an  impetus  that,  instead  of  go­
ing  ahead  by  steps,  it  jumped  by  leaps 
and  bounds.  The  common  cigar  made 
in  Germany  with  an  additional  tax 
could  no  longer  compete  with an Ameri­
can  made  article.

All  over the  East  and  in  many 

large 
Western  States this  industry  commenced 
to  thrive,  and  with 
its  growth  new  to­
bacco  fields  began  to  open  up  through­
out  New  York,  Pennsylvania,  Ohio  and 
Wisconsin,  and  with  the  increased  pro­
duction of  cigar  leaf  tobacco  the  quality 
ever  kept  pace.  Connecticut  was  the 
first  State  to  pay  any  attention  to  the 
growing  of  tobacco  prior  to  the  war,  its 
best  crops  at  that  time  being  sold  for 
about  one-quarter  of  what  they now real­
ize.

It  is  a  well  substantiated  fact  that  the 
American  mechanic 
is  the  best,  the 
American  manufacturer  the  most  ingen­

M ICH IGAN   TRAD ESM AN

ious,  the  American 
inventor  the  most 
phenomenal,  the  American  farmer  the 
most  resourceful,  and  with  a  combina­
tion  of  their  energies  our  institutions 
grew 
larger  and  larger,  and  instead  of 
Germany  furnishing  us  with  her  cigars, 
we  to-day  send  her  our  tobacco,  and  as 
the  people of  our  country  grew  and  with 
them 
its  wealth,  so  did  the  people  de­
mand  a  better  article,  which  our  manu­
facturers  furnished  them  with.

When  the  problem  of  competing  with 
German-made  cigars  was  disposed  of 
for  once  and  forever,the  ingenious  man­
ufacturer  in  this  country  began  to  turn 
his  attention  to  a  higher  grade  article 
which  came  to  us  from  Cuba,  whose 
factories  had  enjoyed  a  world-wide  rep­
utation for  years,  and  while  it  took  time 
and  much  studied  effort,  we  eventually 
saw  the  day  when  it  can  be  truthfully 
said  that  we  are  manufacturing  in  this 
country  a  cigar  equal  to  the  very  finest 
imported  article.

the  tobacco  that  is  raised  in  this  coun­
try,  a  portion  being  unsuitable  for  our 
purposes  and  our  cheaper  grades  being 
frequently  exported,  and 
instead  of 
Germany  supplying  us  with  cigars  we 
are  shipping  large  quantities  of  tobacco 
to  that  country.

The  great  selling  cigars  of  this  coun­
try  are  the  5c  and  10c  cigars,  and  very 
often  the  wrapper  on  the  5c  cigar  is  of 
Sumatra, and  in  order  to  make  the  finest 
cigars  we  have 
to  use  considerable 
Havana.  We  are,  therefore,  obliged  to 
look  to  the  islands  of  Cuba and  Sumatra 
for  a  large  portion  of  our  supplies.

As  I  said  before  in  this  article,  our 
showing  could  not  have  been  accom­
plished  without  the  ample  aid  of  the 
tobacco  growers,  and  1  consider  they 
made  fully  as  much  progress,  if  not 
more  than  the  manufacturer, 
for  the 
growers  of  tobacco  in  the  tropical  coun­
tries  of  Cuba,  Puerto  Rico,  Mexico  and 
Borneo  know  nothing  of  the  frost  and

I 

With  a  more  favorable tariff  on  tobac­
co,  greater  results  possibly  could  be 
shown. 
look  forward  to  a  time  when 
we  will  be  the  world’.s  largest  suppliers 
of  cigars,  as  we  are  now  of  cigarettes. 
Nor  could  this  magnificent  showing 
have  been  made  or  been  accomplished 
by  the  manufacturer  unless amply  aided 
by  the  tobacco  growers  who,  have  kept 
progress  with  us.  Florida,  which  was 
one  of  the  early  states  to  raise  tobacco, 
and  for  a  great  many  years  the  industry 
in  that  State  remained  dormant,  has 
now  commenced  again  to  cultivate  it. 
Georgia  raises  tobacco.  Tobacco  raised 
in  Texas  is  largely  experimental.  To­
bacco is  raised  likewise in California  on 
a  small  scale,  also  in  Iowa  and  Illinois, 
and  the  wild  prairie  lands  of  half a gen­
eration  ago  are  to-day  producing  a  su­
perior  article  to  that  used  by  the  manu­
facturers  of  that  period. 

.

It  is  possibly  unfortunate  that  Ameri­
can  manufacturers  can  not  consume  all

its 

tillers 

infant 

state,  our 

weather  the  American  manufacturer  in 
our  temperate  latitude  must  experience, 
and  notwithstanding  the 
things  our 
tiller  of  the  soil  had  to  contend  with 
and  that  the  growing  of  tobacco  is  still 
in 
of 
the soil  are learning  how  to  protect their 
plants from  the  unfriendly  frost and cold 
climate.  With  all  these  obstacles  to con­
tend  with,  our  country  is  to-day  produc­
ing  the  world's  best  binder  tobacco.and 
there  are  many  judges  of  tobacco  who 
consider  some  of  the  Connecticut  tobac­
co  equal 
in  every  respect  and  every 
sense  of  the  word  to  the  finest  wrapper 
tobacco  produced 
in  Cuba,  and  fre­
quently  the  cigars  made  from our Amer­
ican  fillers  excel  in  quality  much of that 
tobacco  which  has  been  sent us  from  the 
island  so  near  our  shore.

It  seems  too  bad  that  our  friendly 
sister  state,  Puerto  Rico,  can  not  send 
us  a  grade  of  tobacco  that  meets  with 
more  favor  in  our better  establishments

its 

very 

and  notwithstanding 
low 
rate  of  duty,  it  is  not  a  factor  in  any  of 
the  establishments  that  I  know  of,  and 
I  only  hope  that the  time  will  come  that 
it  will  produce  an  article  equal  to  that 
we  are  receiving  from  Cuba,  which  al­
though 
latitude  seems  to 
produce  a  much  superior  article,  which 
is  undoubtedly  due  to  peculiar  climatic 
conditions  and  the  long  number of  years 
the 
island  has  been  cultivated  for this 
purpose.

in  the  same 

Attempts  have  been  made  in  former 
years  to import  a  little  tobacco  from the 
Philippines,  but  this  tobacco,  judging 
by  some  of  the  cigars,  will  not  meet 
with  public  favor  and  please  the  Amer­
ican  smoker,  who  is  the  most  fastidious 
in  the  world. 
I  am  fully  satisfied  that 
the  American  judge  obtains  to-day more 
for  a  nickel  or  a  dime,  obtains  a  better, 
a  purer  grade  for  the  money,  than  can 
be  made  in  any  other  country,  and  more 
especially  so  when  the  workmanship  are 
considered  and  the  price  paid  for  the 
work and  the  conditions  under which the 
cigar  is  made.

It  does  not  require  much  study  to 
show  that  the  cigar  manufacturing 
in­
dustry  of  this  country  has  kept  pace 
with 
its  ever-growing  population  and 
has  progressed  equally  as  much  as  our 
Nation's  largest  and  most  important  in­
dustrial  institutions,  which  are  the mar­
vel  of  the  entire  world  to-day. 
I  am 
sure  if  fifty  years  ago  a  salesman  would 
have  said,  “ I  sold  1,000,000  cigars  to­
day, ’ ’  he  would  have  been  considered  a 
subject  fit  for  an 
insane  alylum,  but 
as  such  contracts  are frequent ocurrences 
to-day 
in  our  progressive  country,  I 
trust  that  some  of  us  who  read  this  ar­
ticle  will  live  to  see  a  time  when  in  the 
columns  of  some  familiar  newspaper 
one  reads  that  some  enterprising  cigar 
salesman  bias  sold  1,000,000,000  cigars.

G.  J.  Johnson.

The  United  States  has  taken  Cuba, 
but  we  have  taken  Havana  to  make  the 
Exemplar  5c  cigar.

For  No.  I  Fresh  Eggs

Will  pay  15  cents  delivered 
Chicago,  new  cases  included,  y2 c 
less  cases  returned,  no  commis­
sion  nor  cartage.

Dittmann  &  Schwingbeck,

204  W.  Randolph  St., 

CHICAGO.

They  Are  Surely  Winners

NlFC. Cn"*Nw

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T A   D  ■  m
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W ASHlIIGj
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MGR.

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For sale by O lney Si J uilson Grocer Co., Ball 
B arnhart-P utm an Co., W orden Grocer Co 
M usselm an Grocer Co.,  Lem on  Si  W lieele 
Co., C lark-Jew ell-W ell» Co., D an iel Lynrl 
Jen n in gs E xtract Co., M., B . Si W . Paper C<

M ICH IGAN   TRADESM AN

3

VENICE

SUGAR  and  CREAM  per  pr#3 ° °

P i t k i n   &*  B r o o k s

MANUFACTURERS  OF

STATE  & LAKE  STS.

PR/CES  MERE  QUOTED

NET.

CHICAGO. 

TERMS 2°/o  cash ro days 
60  DAYS  NET.

ROCKFORD

BOWL  S in.  e a c h $ 3 - 5 0

RICH  CUT  GLASS

e a c h $2*5°

VENICE

CA RAFE 

P E O R IA

CELERY  TRAY  12  in-$3 - 6 5   e a .

G L A D Y S

COLOGNE  6 o z .  E/fe-75 
lOoz.  e a .4 ° °

A   FEW  B A R G A IN S   FROM 

O U R   NEW   C A T A L O G U E   J U S T   OUT

Write  for it

_  

p a t t e r

FLORENCE

N APPY  8  IN. BACHEÓ*2 5

N A P L E S

N APPY  8  IN.  ea ch* 4 *2 5

NAPPY  8   I N .   e a c h *9 - ° °

GLORIA

FULL 
THE  MOST  COMPLETE  LINE  IN  PATTERNS  AND  PRICES  IN THE  MARKgT.

OF BARGAINS IN LOW PRICED and high priced goods

4

Around  the  State

M ovem ent»  o f M erchant».

Detroit— John  H.  Gamble,  grocer  and 

meat  dealer, has  removed  to  Brighton.

Durand— M.  Cleveland  Terry  has  sold 
his  clothing  stock  to  Freeman  &  Parris.
Lawton— D.  C.  Van  Riper  has  pur­
chased  the  drug  stock  of  I.  E.  Hamil­
ton.

Big  Rapids—Tenny  &  Zeller  have 
purchased  the  grocery  stock  of  Smith  & 
Doe.

Shepherd— Horton  E.  Pratt,  baker and 
confectioner,  has  sold  out  to  F.  E. 
Hafer.

Flint— Watson  C.  Pierce,  grocer  and 
meat  dealer,  has  sold  out  to  J.  J.  Alex­
ander.

Durand— Fred  Nesbit  has  purchased 
the  drug  and  jewelry  stock  of  Allan  H. 
Taggart.

Kalamazoo— Jacob  Donker  continues 
the  meat  business  of  Donker  &  Co.  in 
his  own  name.

Bay  City—Jos.  Grace  will  continue 
the  grocery  business  of  R.  Grace  &  Son 
in  his  own  name.

Armada— S.  B.  Anderson  has  pur­
chased  the  hardware  and  paint  stock  of 
Edward  A.  Hulett.

Lawton— J.  E.  Kinney  &  Son  succeed 
J.  E.  Holliday  in  the  bakery  and  con­
fectionery  business.

Burr  Oak— Van  Husan  Bros,  suc­
ceed  Wm.  Walker  in  the  grocery,  con­
fectionery  and  fruit  business.

Three  Rivers— J.  M.  Paul  has  en­
gaged  in  the  clothing  and  furnishing 
goods  business  at  this  place.

Rogers— Frank  C.  Platz,  general deal­
e r ,  has  formed  a  new  company  under 
the  style  of  F.  F.  Platz  &  Co.

Caro— E.  A.  Gardner  has  purchased  a 
lime  and 

half 
cement  business  of  VanTine  &  Co.

the  coal, 

interest 

in 

Elsie— Miss  Gertrude  Searles,  of 
Ovid,  has  purchased  a  half  interest  in 
the  millinery  stock  of  Finch  &  Chase.
Freeland— Delos  H.  Howd,  who  was 
engaged 
furniture 
and  elevator  business  at  this  place,  is 
dead.

in  the  mercantile, 

Alma—J.  F.  Ray  has  leased  the  store 
building  vacated  by  Isaac  Woodfin  and 
will  engage  in  the  feed  and  provision 
business.

Eaton  Rapids— Phy  C.  Bailey  has 
sold  his  meat  market  to  Mason,  who 
will  continue  the  business  at  the  same 
location.

Union  City— The  grocery  store  of  C.
J.  Brunskill  has  been  closed  by  cred­
itors.  Will  Hubbard  has  been  placed 
in  charge.

Hancock— Arthur  T.  Ellsworth,  man­
ager  of  the  City  drug  store,  will  shortly 
engage 
in  the 
Kauth  block.

in  the  drug  business 

Battle  Creek— Bliss  &  Co.,  grocers  at 
6  Upton  avenue,have  dissolved  partner­
ship.  The  business  will  be  continued 
by  L.  D.  Hobbs.

Casnovia— Leon  J.  Sunderlin,  of  the 
mercantile  firm  of  F.  A.  Sunderlin  & 
Bro.,  has  gone  to  Colorado  Springs  for 
the  benefit  of  his  health.

North  Branch— Ellen  (Mrs.  Isaac  A.) 
Blackburn,  engaged 
furniture 
and  undertaking  business  at  this  place, 
has  sold  out  to  A.  B.  Weston.

the 

in 

Flint—Otto  Sachse,  who  has  of  late 
in  the  employ  of  E.  Trump,  has 
interest  in  the  boot  and 

been 
boug  t  a  half 
shoe  stock  of  Foote  &  Wolverton.

Detroit— W.  H.  Bell,  formerlyengaged 
in  the  department  store  business  at 
Owosso,  has  opened  a 
furniture  and 
house  furnishing  goods  store  at  264 
Michigan  avenue.

Owosso— F.  W.  Pearce,  manager  of 
the  Owosso  Hardware  Co.,  has  sold  his 
hardware 
at  Oakley  to  Wm. 
Eagan,  of  this  city,  who  has  taken 
possession  of  same.

stock 

Manistee—James  Hansen,  formerly  of 
the  firm  of  Jacobson  &  Hansen, has  pur­
chased  the  grocery  stock  of  T.  E. 
Andresen,  at  257  Fifth  avenue,  and  will 
add  a  more  complete  stock.

Eaton  Rapids—J.  E.  Crane  has  sold 
his  interest  in  the  agricultural  imple­
ment  firm  of  Crane  &  Stuart  to his  part­
ner,  Myron  Stuart,  who  will  continue 
the  business  at  the  old  stand.

Posen— The  new  store  building  of 
Frank  C.  Platz  and  Joseph  Smith  is 
now  about  completed  and  the  owners 
will  remove  their  stock  of  general  mer­
chandise  therein  in  a  week  or  two.

Mattawan— Lyman  C.  Fitch,  who  has 
been  identified  with  the  business 
inter­
ests  of  this  place for the  past  forty  years 
and  for  some  time  past  has  been  in  the 
employ  of  W.  C.  Mosier,  died  Aug.  10, 
aged  63.

Nashville— S.  J.  Truman  has  gone 
to  Kansas  City  to  take  the  position  of 
auditor of  the  Leidigh  &  Havens  Lum­
ber  Co.  His  clothing  business  here  will 
be  continued  under  the  management  of 
G.  A.  Truman  and  S.  E.  Cook.

firm 

Jackson— The 

of  Hanton  & 
Toole,  grocers  at  1197 East Main  street, 
has  placed  its  affairs  in  the  hands  of  a 
receiver.  The  difficulty  came  through 
a  disagreement  of  partners,  and  T.  J 
Bimey  was  appointed  receiver  unti 
matters  are  adjusted.

Benton  Harbor— The  Geo.  B.  Warren 
dry  goods,  cloak  and  millinery  stock 
has  been  sold  by Trustee  O.  B.  Hipp  to 
C.  A.  Wilcox,  of  Charlotte,  the  consid 
eration  being  $3,600.  Geo.  B.  Warren 
will  act  as 
local  manager  of the  busi 
ness.

Eaton  Rapids— Kositchek  Bros.,  dry 
re 
goods  dealers  at  this  place,  have 
moved  their  stock  to  their  new  store 
building  at  Lansing.  W.  B.  Garrison 
has  leased  the  Kositchek  store  building 
and  will  take  possession  with  his bazaar 
stock  October  1.

Caro—W.  H.  Merner  has 

leased  a 
portion  of  the  Chapin  block  and  will 
remove  the  Central  market  as  soon  as 
the  store  can  be  refitted.  W.  C.  Luce 
has  leased  the  building  occupied  by 
Mr.  Merner and  will  open  a  drug  store 
therein  on  Oct.  1.

Hillsdale— Boyle  &  Brown  have 
shipped  their  dry  goods  stock  to  E lk­
hart,  Ind.,  where  they  will  engage  in 
business.  The  store  building  vacated 
by  them  is  being  refitted  by  Ford  Nor­
ris,  of  Camden,  who  will  shortly open  a 
dry  goods  store  therein.

Homer— A  Homer  firm  placed  cir­
culars  on  the  mail  boxes  along  the  rural 
mail  delivery  route  out  of  Tekonsha, 
and  the  matter  was  reported  to  the  mail 
authorities.  The  offending  firm  got  off 
easy  by  paying  postage on  all  the  circu­
lars  thus  distributed,  but  were  warned 
that  such  a 
thing  happening  again 
would  make  them  liable  to  a  heavy  fine 
and  perhaps  imprisonment.

Lansing—George  M.  Dayton,  of  this 
city,  a  former  prosperous  business  man, 
who  has  been  in  constant  litigation with 
Jacob  Stahl,  a  prominent  hardware 
dealer  for  several  years,  renewed  the 
instituting  a  suit  for 
fight  to-day  by 
$15,000  damages  for  personal 
injuries. 
Dayton  claimed  that  on  the  occasion  of 
a  visit  to the  store  of  Stahl  on  a  matter 
of  business  the  latter  assaulted  him  and 
inflicted  severe  bodily 
injuries,  from 
which  he  will  never  recover.

MICHIGAN  T R A D E S M A N

M anufacturing:  M atters.

Laingsburg-----Whitney  &  Chapla
the  manufacture 

in 

have  engaged 
cigars.

Kerby— The  Elgin  Butter  Co.,  of  El 
gin,  111.,  has  begun  the  erection  of 
building  which  will  be  used  as  a  butte 
factory.

Homer— F.  E.  Strong  &  Brother have 

purchased  the  rights  of  the  Electric  O 
Stove  Co. 
feed  cooker,  and  will  engage 
manufacture.

in  the  farmer’s  corrugated 
its 

in 

Menominee—James  F.  Pelnar  has  en 
gaged 'in   the  manufacturing  business 
and 
is  now  putting  up  catsups,  spices, 
mustards  and  other  bottled  and  canned 
goods,  occupying  one  of  the  Crozer 
stores.

Hillsdale—The  Michigan  Rubber  Co 
has  been  organized  with  a  capital  stock 
of  $12,500  to  undertake  the  manufacture 
of  rubber  sundries.  The  members  of  the 
corporation  are  J.  D.  Chappell,  J.  S 
Parker,  J.  B.  Chadwick,  D.  W.  Gunn 
of  Hillsdale,  and  E.  W.  Coveil  and  J 
S.  Parker,  of  Elmira,  N.  Y.

Battle  Creek— Plans  are  nearly  com 
pleted 
for  the  erection  of  a  new  build 
ing  at  the  corner  of  Aldrich  and  Lin 
coin  streets  by the  Sanitas  Nut  Food  Co 
Saginaw— The  Lufkin  Rule  Co.  has 
begun  the  erection  of  a  third  story  over 
the  east  wing  of  its  factory  building 
35x90  feet  in  dimensions,and a dynamo, 
etching  and  woodworking  annex,  two 
stories  high,  40x42  feet,  in  the  rear  of 
the  present  building.

Benton  Harbor— E.  Upton  and  F 
Lampher  have  leased  a  store  building 
and  are  equipping  same  with  a  line  of 
for  all  kinds  of  machine 
machinery 
work.  Mr.  Upton  was 
formerly  con 
nected  with  the  Upton  Threshing  Ma 
chine  Works,  of  Battle  Creek,  also  with 
the  Nichols  &  Shepard  Co.,  and  later 
foreman  of  the  Truscott  Boat  Works,  of 
St.  Joseph.  The  new  plant  will  be 
known  as  the  Benton  Harbor  Machine 
Works.

Saginaw— The  Saginaw  Lumber  & 
Salt  Co.  has  n o  acres  of  sugar  beets 
growing  on  its  farm  below  Crow  Island 
and  the  yield  will  be 
large.  Last  yea 
this  company  had  sixty  acres,  which 
averaged  seventeen  tons  to  the  acre  and 
on  some  portions  of  the  field  the  yield 
was  twenty-four  tons  to  the  acre. 
If  the 
crop  this  year 
is  the  success  which 
indications  warrant,  the  com 
present 
pany  proposes  next  year  to  plant  400 
acres.  The  crop  this  year  has  been  con 
tracted  equally  between  the  Alma  and 
Bay  City  sugar  factories.  The  Saginaw 
Lumber  &  Salt  Co. ’s  farm  also  cpnta.ins 
a  large  acreage  of  cabbage  and the yield 
estimated  at  1,000 tons.  The  com­
pany  has  commenced  delivering  cab­
bage  on  contract  to  the  Heinz  pickle 
factory.  The  season  has  been  very  fa­
vorable  for  cabbage  and  the  crop  in  the 
vicinity  of  Saginaw  will  amount 
to
thousands  of  tons.

A noth er  Irishism .

Judge-r-So  the  prisoner  hit  you  on  the 

head  with  a  hrick,  did  he?

McGinty—Yes,  yer  Honor.
Judge— But 

it  seems  he  didn’t  quite 

kill  you,  anyway?

McGinty— No,  bad  ’cess  to  him;  but 

it’s  wishin’  he  had  Oi  do  be.

Judge— Why  do  you  wish  that?
McGinty— Begorry, 

have  seen  the  scoundrel  hanged 
murder!

thin  Oi  would 
for 

W on’t  N otice  th e  Change.
Dobbs— Old  Bargains  is  dead.
Bobbs— Oh,  yes;  he 

used  to  have  so  many  fire  sales.

is  the  man  who 

Dobbs—That’s  so.  Well,  maybe  he’ll 

not  notice  the  change.

C ontributors  to  th e  A nniversary  E dition.
In  addition  to  the  regular  editorial 
thirty-eight 
staff  of  the  Tradesman, 
special  articles  on  subjects  of  interest 
to the  Tradesman’s  readers  appear  in 
this  week’s  anniversary  issue,  prepared 
by  gentlemen  who  are  everywhere  rec­
ognized  as  experts 
in  their  respective 
lines,  as  follows:

G.  J.  Johnson,  President  G.  J.  John­

son  Cigar  Co.,  Grand  Rapids.

James  L.  Lee,  Strong,  Lee  &  Co.. 

Detroit.

Wm.  C.  Phipps,  President  Phipps, 

Penoyer  &  Co.,  Saginaw.

Tames  L.  Hamilton,  Secretary  Alabas- 

tine  Co.,  Grand  Rapids.

H.  J.  Hollister,  Cashier  Old  National 

Bank,  Grand  Rapids.

W.  C.  Edgar,  Editor  Northwestern 

Miller,  Minneapolis,  Minn.

E.  G.  Studley,  President  Grand  Rap­

ids  Felt  Boot  Co.,  Grand  Rapids.

Capt.  Chester  Harding,  U.  S.  En­

gineer,  Grand  Rapids.

Frank  Hamilton,  Ex-Mayor  Traverse 

City.

Edward  Taggart,  Taggart  &  Denison, 

Grand  Rapids.

D.  C.  Delamater,  Freeman,  Delama- 

ter  &  Co.,  Detroit.

M.  R.  Carrier,  Northrop,  Robertson 

&  Carrier,  Lansing.

H.  N.  Randall,  Tekonsha.
Otto  Carmichael,  Washington,  D.  C. 
A.  S.  Ainsworth,  S.  P.  Bennett  Fuel 

&  Ice  Co.,  Grand  Rapids.

H.  D.  C.  VanAsmus,  Secretary  Board 

of  Trade,  Grand  Rapids.

Wilder  D.  Stevens,  Foster,  Stevens & 

Co.,  Grand  Rapids.

Chas.  W.  Garfield,  President  Grand 

Rapids  Savings  Bank,  Grand  Rapids.
&  Co.,  Cincinnati.

Geo.  W.  McGlaughlin,  Fleischmann 

W.  N.  Ferris,  Principal  Ferris  Insti­

tute,  Big  Rapids.

W.  C.  Winchester,  Treasurer  Foster- 
Winchester  Lumber Co.,  Grand Rapids.
J.  W.  Milliken,  Ex-Senator,  Traverse 
City.

L\  P.  Cody,  President  Grand  Rapids 

Electric  Co.,  Grand  Rapids.

Frank  N.  Barrett,  Editor  American 

Grocer,  New  York.

Wm.  H.  White,  Wm.  H.  White  & 

Co.,  Boyne  City.

Chas.  M.  Heald,  President Pere Mar­

quette  Railway,  Detroit.

E-  J.  Schreiber,  President  Michigan 

Knights  of  the  Grip,  Bay  City.

Paul  Doty,  Manager  Grand  Rapids 

Gas  Light  Co.,  Grand  Rapids.
.

O.  P.  DeWitt,  St.  Johns. 
A.  M.  Nichols,  agent  Barry  Steam­

boat  Line,  Muskegon.

Geo.  Clapperton,  Wylie  &  Clapper- 

ton,  Grand  Rapids.

Albert  Baxter,  Muskegon.
E.  B.  Hibbard,Grand  Rapids.
C*  J*  DeRo°*  Secretary  Walsh-DeRoo 
W.  D.  Ballou,  President  Ballou  Bas­

Milling  Co.,  Holland.

ket  Co.,  Belding.

H.  B.  Fairchild,  Manager  Hazeltine 
Perkins  Drug  Co.,  Grand  Rapids.
Wm.  Reid,  Detroit.
S.  J.  Hufford,  Grand  Rapids.

T w elve  O ut o f Tw enty-Seven. 

Saginaw,  Sept.  5— At  the  recent  ex- 
mination  session  of 
the  Michigan 
Board  of  Pharmacy,  held  at  Sault  Ste 
Marie,  Aug.  28  and  29, 
there  were 
twenty-seven  applicants  present  for  ex­
amination—twenty-two 
for  registered 
pharmacist  certificates  and  five  for  as­
sistant  papers.  Eight  applicants  re­
ceived 
registered  pharmacist  papers 
and  four  assistant  papers,  as  follows:

Registered 

Parmacists-----Matthew
Becker,  Winneconne,  Wis.  ;  A.  B 
Flagg,  Pentwater;  H.  E.  Fox,  Gay­
lord;  A.  H.  Miller,  Sault  Ste.  Marie* 
M.  J.  Pardee,  Clinton;  J.  J.  Ronan, 
Saginaw ;  John  Vaughan,  Central  Lake ; 
Floyd  Wren,  Owosso.

Assistant  Pharmacists— F.  C.  Adam- 
•i«  Manistee :  James  Brace,  Newaygo •
• 
.  Lundgien,  Menominee;  Lee  L*

Martin,  Wolverine.

H.  Heim,  Sec’y.

For  Gillies’  N.  Y.  tea,  all  kinds, 
grades and  prices  visner  both  phones.

Grand  Rapids  Gossip

The  Grocery  M arket.

Sugars— The  raw  sugar  market  is very 
strong  and  prices  have  advanced  %c, 
making  96  deg.  test  centrifugals  now 
5c,  the  highest  point  they  have  reached 
for  some  time  past.  The demand is  very 
good,  but  supplies  are  limited  and  only 
a  few  sales  are  made.  The  refined  mar­
ket  is  firm  and,  in  view  of  the  advance 
in  raws  and  the  heavy  demand  for  re­
fined,  a  further advance  is  expected 
in 
a  day  or  two.

in  Maine 

Canned  Goods— The  canned  goods 
in  good  condition,  almost 
market 
is 
everything 
in  the 
line  having  an  ad­
vancing  tendency  in  price.  The  tomato 
market 
is  very  firm,  both  in  spots  and 
futures,  and  new  goods  are  attracting 
a  little  more  attention.  Advices  from 
Baltimore  state  that  not  over  50  per 
cent,  of  the  quantity  of  tomatoes  usual­
ly  packed  up  to  this  date  has  yet  been 
made. 
In  view  of  this  comparatively 
light  pack  and  the  very  large  increase 
in  the  consumption  of  this  article  dur­
ing  the  past  year,  it  is  very  probable 
that  higher  values will be realized sooner 
than  was  anticipated.  The  general  out­
look  is  very  strong  and  some  of  the Bal­
timore  packers  have  withdrawn  from 
the  market.  The  packing  of  corn  will 
begin 
in  about  two  weeks, 
which  is  a  little  later  than  usual,  as  the 
season 
is  somewhat  backward.  Up  to 
within  the 
last  week  or  so  it  looked  as 
if  we  should  have  a  reasonably  large 
pack  of  corn,  but  now  everything  points 
to  a  great  shortage 
in  the  pack  this 
season.  The  prolonged  drought  pre 
vented  the  proper  development  of  the 
crop  and,  in  consequence, 
the  yield 
taken  as  a  whole  throughout  the  coun 
try,  can  not  be  estimated  at  over  half  a 
crop.  There  is  absolutely  no  spot  stock 
The  marked  feature  of  the  market  i 
the  continued  call  for  corn,  and  even  i 
the  pack  was  much  larger than 
is  now 
anticipated,  all  would  be  taken.  Lima 
beans  are  very  strong  and  Baltimore 
packers  are  now  asking  from  io@i5c 
per  dozen  more  than  they  were  a  few 
weeks  ago,  and  the  prospects  are  for 
still  further advance.  Baltimore peaches 
have  been  advanced  5@ioc  per  dozen 
with  the  market  very  firm  at  the  ad 
vance.  The  advance  is  due  to  the  short 
supply  of  good  raw  material  and  its 
creased  cost.  At  the  former  prices  some 
of  the  packers  write  that  they  were 
los 
ing  money.  New  pack  Red  Alaska 
gains  strength  daily,  the  Alaska  Pack 
ere’  Association  having  sold  out  its  en 
tire  pack  several  days  ago,  and  some  of 
those  who  failed  to  cover  their  full 
wants  are  anxiously  looking  about  for 
supplies.  The  market 
is  considerably 
strengthened  by  this  fact  and  also  by 
the  heavy  buying  of  spot  stock  for  ex 
port  to  England.  An  advance 
is  ex 
pected  any  day  on  the  new  pack,  out 
side  packers,as  well  as  the  Association 
having,  it 
is  believed,  sold  very  nearly 
their total  supplies.  Spot  stocks  are  so 
light  as  to  have  but  little  influence  on 
the  market  and  what  little  there  is  on 
spot  is  held  at  extreme  prices.  The  sit 
uation  on  salmon  is  a  most  remarkable 
one  and 
future  dealings  will  not  be 
question  of  prices,  but  of  getting  sa 
mon  at  all.  The  estimated  shortage  c 
the  Pacific  coast  is  put  at  between 600,- 
030 and  800,000  cases.

Dried  Fruits— The  prices  just  named 
by  the  California  Cured  Fruit  Associa­
tion  on  the  1900  crop  of  prunes  are  gen­
erally  regarded  by  the  grocery  trade  as 
far too  high  and  considerable  dissatis-

prices  on 

faction 
is  expressed  with  the  existing 
condition  of  things.  Some  believe  that 
the  Association  will  be  forced  to  drop 
prices 
in  order  to  sell  the  crop,  but 
others  take  the  view  that,  with  the  mar­
ket  practically  bare  of  prunes— entirely 
so  of  small  sizes—the  demand  is  bound 
to  be 
large  enough  to  make  the  Asso­
ciation's  position  a  strong  one.  As  a 
result  of  the  high  prices  named  by  the 
Association, 
4 0 -5 0 S   spot 
prunes  advanced  J^c,  and  are  held  very 
firmly  at  that  quotation.  As  the  pres­
'/ic  advance 
ent  spot  market  after  the 
5  still  somewhat 
lower  than  the  price 
f  the  new  crop  delivered  here,  the
chances  are  good  that  the  spot  supply, 
which 
is  light,  will  be  cleaned  up  in 
short  order,  particularly  as  the  new 
crop  is  very  short  of 
large  sizes.  The 
raisin  situation 
is  decidedly  strong, 
both  on  spot  and  futures,  and  it  is  ex­
pected  that  prices  on  the  new  crop  will 
from  % @ ic  higher than  last 
open  up 
ear’s  opening  figures.  The  demand  is 
very  good  for  cheap  spot  raisins,  stocks 
of  which  are 
light  and  rapidly  being 
reduced.  Apricots  are  firm  and  quite 
active.  Prices  are  slightly  higher  than 
week  ago  and  a  number  of  sales  have 
been  made  at  the  advance.  Peaches, 
however,  are  not  so  active  and  prices 
show  a  decline  of  %c.  The  general  sit­
is  very  strong  and 
uation  on  currants 
prices  have  advanced 
ic  per  pound. 
There  seems  every  probability  that  the 
market,  supported,  as  it  is,  by  higher 
prices  in  Greece,  will  advance  consid­
erably  further.  There  is  an 
increasing 
enquiry  for  dates  from  all  sides  and  an 
advance  is  probable  soon.
in  rice 
particularly 

improving 
somewhat, 
foreign 
grades,  Japans  being  most  in  demand. 
Spot  stocks  of  all  grades  of  rice  con­
tinue  small  and  holders  remain  firm. 
Crop  and  weather  news  in  the  main  are 
satisfactory,  and  estimates  from 
the 
Southwest  point  to  a  record  breaker 
Louisiana  and  Texas. 
from 
abroad  are  not  so  favorable  and  state 
that  the  supply  of  moisture  is  deficient, 
the  crops  are  withering  and  destruction 
is  feared.

Rice— Trade 

Cables 

in 

is 

Tea— Trade  in  tea  is  dull  and  prices 
have  declined  He  on  several  grades. 
Buying  seems  to  be  of  a  hand-to-mouth 
character  and  prospects  point  to general 
dulness  for  some  time,  as  the  trade 
well  supplied  to  meet  the  consuming 
demand.

Molasses  and  Syrups—The  volume  of 
business  done  in  New  Orleans  molasses 
was  small,  buyers  showing  little  dispo 
sition  to  buy,  preferring  to  await  coole 
weather.  Prices  are  firmly  held.  Spot 
light,  and-as  the  country  i: 
stocks  are 
light  supplies  a  general  re­
carrying 
newal 
looked  for  soon. 
It  is  generally  believed  that  with  pres­
ent  favorable  weather  for  cane  crops 
large  molasses  crop. 
there  will  be  a 
The  corn  syrup  market 
is  somewhat 
weaker  and  has  dropped  ic  per  gallon 
and  6c  per  case.

in  demand 

is 

Nuts— Nuts  of  all  kinds  are  very  firm 
and  tend  to  higher  prices.  Prices  on 
new  California  almonds  have  .  been 
named  during  the  past  week  and  al­
though  considered  rather  high  by  some 
a  number  of  sales  have  been  made  at 
the  opening  prices.  The  general  condi­
tion  of  the  almond  market,  however,  is 
strong  and  with 
light  crops  abroad  it 
seems  reasonably  certain  that  the  vis­
ible  supply  of  California  almonds  will 
be  taken  by  the  trade  before  very 
long. 
The  spot  market  on  almonds 
is  very 
strong,  several  varieties  of  foreign  nuts 
being  higher  and  others  tending  strong­

ly  to  advance.  Terragonas  are  now 
very  firm,  late  cables  reporting  the  crop 
damaged  by  rains  and  quoting  higher 
prices  on  new  goods.  Brazil  nuts  are 
extremely  strong  and  very  active.  The 
prices  on  Marbots  and  Grenobles  are 
i@2c  higher  this  year  than  last,  yet 
buyers  are  ordering  liberally.  Sicily  fil­
berts  continue  very  strong  and  active. 
Reports  from  Texas 
indicate  that  the 
prospects  for  a  pecan  crop  are  the  best 
in  years.  The  trees  are 
loaded  with 
nuts  and  the  yield  will  beat  all  previous 
records.  The  promising  prospects  for 
an  unusually 
large  crop  are  affecting 
prices  of  old  stocks.  The  peanut  mar­
ket 
is  strong  and  _ prices  have  ad­
vanced  %c.

The  Produce  M arket.

Apples— Fancy  stock  commands  $1.50
1.75  per  bbl.  Cooking  varieties  fetch 

$i.25@i.5o.

Bananas— Have  a  weaker  tendency, 
but  there  is  no  positive  change in prices 
as  yet.  The  demand  has  decreased  and 
business 
is  quite  dull.  The  quality  of 
many  of  the  recent  arrivals  has  been 
quite  unsatisfactory, which  has had  some 
influence  on  the  market.

Beans—The  new  crop  is  beginning  to 
is  taken  on  the  basis  of 
come 
in  and 
$1.25  per  bu. 
for  hand  picked.  The 
pickings  range  from  5  to  8  lbs.  to  the 
bu.

Beets— 40c  per  bu.
Butter— The  butter  situation  is  much 
weaker  than 
last  week.  Those  who 
have  stocks  of  butter on  hand  at  con­
tract  prices  are  very  loud  in  their  talk 
that  the  situation  is  all  right  and  resent 
any  insinuations  to  the  contrary.  Deal­
ers  who  are  entirely  free  think  the  situ­
ation  looks  dubious.  Prices  have  eased 
off  a  little  both  in  Chicago  and  in  New 
York.  Prospects  are  for  an  increased 
make.  The  choicest  grades  are  scarcer 
than  last  week.  They are  mainly  looked 
for  by 
jobbers  and  retailers  to  go  into 
consumption,  and  these  do  not  get 
The 
enough  to  supply  their  trade. 
speculative  trade 
the 
cheaper  grades.  There  is  a  fair  demand 
for  factory  creamery  on  the  basis  of  21 
@22c.  Packing  stock  is  taken  freely  at 
14c.  Cold  storage  dairy  is  in  demand 
at  18c.

is  chiefly 

Cabbage—$1  per  bbl.  of  about  3  doz.
Carrots—$1.25  per  bbl.
Cauliflower—$1  per  doz.  heads.
Celery— 15c  per bunch.
Crab  Apples— 45@50c  per  bu. 

for 
early  varieties,  and  55@65c  per  bu.  for 
late  red.

in 

Cucumbers— 50c  per  bu. 
Pickling  stock  commands 
100.

for 
large. 
i5@2oc  per 

Egg  Plant—$1  per  doz.
Grapes— Wordens  10c,  Niagaras  10c 
and  Delawares  12c—all  for  4  lb.  basket.

Green  Com—7c  per  doz.
Green  Stuff— Lettuce,  60c  per  bu.  for 
head  and  40c  per  bu.  for  leaf.  Parsley, 
20c  per  doz.  Radishes,  10c  per  doz. 
for  long,  8c  for  round  and  12c  per  doz. 
for  China  Rose.

Honey— Fancy  white  has  advanced  to 
15c.  Amber  is  also  higher,  command­
ing  12c.  The  demand  is  not  so  strong 
as  it  was  a  week  ago.

Lemons—Thefre  has  been  a  gradual 
reduction  in  the  lemon  market;  amount­
ing  to  5@ioc  per  box;  300s  are  still  in 
great  demand,  but  are  scarce,  and  360s 
have  to  be  taken  instead.  Owing to  the 
fall  season,  the  con­
approach  of  the 
sumption 
is  somewhat  reduced  and  the 
outlook  does  not  promise  very  great  ac­
tivity.

Mint— 30c  per  doz.  bunches.
Musk  Melons— 50c  per  doz.  for  nut­
meg  and  60c  per  doz.  for  Osage  and 
Cantaloupe.

Oranges—California oranges are steady 
at  previous  range,  but  sales  are  small, 
being 
limited  to  consumptive  require­
ments.  Buyers  are  not  taking  anything 
beyond  their  immediate  wants.  Jamaica 
oranges  are  fairly  active,  but  the  hulk 
of  present  holdings  are  small,  green  and 
generally  unsatisfactory.*’  Prices 
are 
low,  rarely  above  $5*  although  occas 
ionally  a  small  lot  goes  higher.

Peaches— Late  Crawfords  command

M ICH IGAN   TRADESM AN

5

$i @ i .25.  Crosbys  fetch  75@goc.  Al- 
bertas  meet  with  steady  demand  at 
$1.25.  Golds  fetch  75c@$i.  Chilis  are 
poor quality  and  slow  sale  at  50c.

Pears— Bartletts  command 

and  Sugar 

fetch 

Clapp’s  Favorite 
75c@$i.

Peppers— Green,  50c  per bu.
Plums— Lombards  fetch  $1.25  per  bu. 
Blue  varieties  and  Green  Gages  com­
mand  $i.50@i.go.

Potatoes—30@35c  per bu.
Poultry— 1 he  consumptive  demand  is 
so  heavy  that  receipts  are  inadequate  to 
meet 
local  requirements.  Dealers  pay 
as  follows  for  live:  Broilers  weighing 
X  to  2  lbs.  command  qc  per  lb.  Squabs 
are  slow  sale  at  $1.20  per  doz.  Pigeons, 
50c.  Fowls,  7@8c.  White  ducks,  7c 
for  spring.  Turkeys,  9c  for  hens  and 
8c  for  gobblers.  For  dressed  poultry: 
Chickens  command  n c.  Fowls  fetch 
ioc.  Spring  ducks  are  taken  at  8c.  Tur­
keys  are  in  fair  demand  at  11c  for  hens 
and  9c  for  gobblers.

Summer  Squash— 50c  per  bu.
Tomatoes—45 @ 50c  per  bu.  The  crop 

is  large  and  the  quality  is  fine.

Turnips— 40c  per  bu.
Watermelons-----io@i2c 

for  home

grown,  according  to  size  and  quality.

Wax  Beans—Fancy  stock  fetches  55@ 

65c  per  bu.

Moseley  Bros,  have  started  a  new 
town  on  the  Pere  Marquette  Railway, 
eight  miles  north  of  Lowell  and  seven 
miles  south  of  Belding.  The,  firm  owns 
t’  e  trackage  there  for 600  feet  and  will 
shortly  begin 
the  erection  of  a  brick 
warehouse,  30x50  feet  in  dimensions.  A 
depot  building  has  been  erected  and  all 
trains  will  stop  at  the  new  town  of 
Moseley.

The  Thompson  &  Bonnell  Lumber 
Co.  has  purchased  of  T.  J.  Christian, 
of  Evansville,  Ind.— who  formerly  did 
business  under  the  style  of  the  Hoosier 
Lumber  Co.— his  new  band  mill,  in­
cluding 
logs  and  standing  timber  in 
Southern  Indiana  and  Northern  Ken­
tucky.  The  plant  will  be  operated  to  its 
fullest  capacity.

The  rubber  factory  of  the  Grand  Rap- 
ds  Felt  Boot  Co.  will  be  started  next 
Monday  morning  and  will  run  through 
the  season  on  men’s  boots  and  shoes.  It 
s  the  expectation  that  another  season  a 
full  line  of  goods  will  be  manufactured, 
Deluding ladies’,  misses’ and  children’s 
rubber  shoes.

Rindge,  Kalmbach,  Logie  &  Co.  be­
gan  manufacturing  shoes 
in  1866,  in­
stead  of  1874,  as  stated  in  their  adver­
tisement  on  page  57  of  this  week’s  is­
sue.

Peter  Vollpert,  a  pioneer  hide  buyer, 
died  at  his  home  at  527  Hamilton  street 
Sunday.  The  funeral  will  be  held  from 
St.  Mary’s  church  on  Thursday.

C. 

F.  Marsh  &  Co.  have  engaged 
the  grocery  business  at  Mt.  Pleasant. 
The  Lemon  &  Wheeler  Company  fur­
nished  the  stock.

in 

John  D.  Butcher  has  purchased  the 
Noble  &  Crowl  grocery  stock  at  354 
West  Bridge  street.

They  do  not  take  the  cake,  but  it 
takes  Havana  to  make  the  Exemplar  5c 
cigar. 

_  _  _____
now  what  is  meant  bv

China  knows 

the  open  door.

ALUM INUM   .
T R A D E   C H E C K S .  

S I   00  PER  100.

Writs for samples and styles to
N. W. STAMP WORKS,

ST. PAUL, MINN.

------- — Makers of-----------

___  

Rubber  and  Metallic  Stamps.
Send  for Catalogue and  Mentloa this paper.  *■

M ICH IG A N   TRADESM AN

*
?
K
S
m
e
H
B
w
B
S
a
B
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■

6

Woman’s World

D "ty  o f Speech as  W ell as D u ty o f Silence.
It  has  always  seemed  to  me  that  one 

of  the  virtues  that  we  laud  out  of  a 
proportion  to  its  deserts  is silence.  This 
is  particularly  true  as 
it  applies  to 
women.  Woman’s  tongue  has  ever  been 
the  theme  with  which  the  preacher  and 
the  moralist  have  pointed  a  moral  and 
adorned  a  tale.  Wits  and  would-be  wits 
have  satirized  her  love  of  talk  and  her 
proneness  to  gossip  until  one  would 
think,  if  he  believed  her  critics,  that 
the  most  potent  charm  a  woman  could 
possess  would  be  speechlessness.  “ Your 
children  all  dumb?”   enquires  the  vaga­
bond,  Rip  Van  Winkle,  of  the  dwarf  in 
the  mountains,  “ and  all  boys?  My,  my 
what  a  p ity !  What  wives  they  would 
make!”

, 

remark  every  now  and  then  to  help  her 
along.  There  are  plenty  of  men  in  so 
ciety  with  whom  conversation 
is  prac 
tically  a  monologue  on  the  woman 
part,  and  if  the  man  thinks  that  his aw 
ful  silence  is  fascinating  or  impressi 
he 
The  girl 
knows 
other  kind  of  a  bore  is  such  a  bore 
the  man  who  sits  up  like  a  knot  on 
log  and  says  nothing.

is  making  the  mistake  of  his  life 
is  doing  drudgery  and  she 
it  and  she  is  wondering  if  any 

If  the  dead  silence  of  the  mummy 

tyrant  holds  the 

society  is  a  trial,  the  sullen  silence  wi 
which  many  men  punish  their  families 
is  a  terror.  Th  t  is the  whip  with  which 
many  a 
trembling 
wretches  of  his  household  in  order.  H 
comes  home  to  dinner  or  down  to break 
fast  with  a  face  as  grim  and  unsmiling 
as  death.  Something 
is  wrong.  He 
eats  and  drinks  in  silence,refusing  even 
to  ask  for  what  he  wants.  He  reads  h 
paper  with  a  portentious  dumbness  that 
strikes  terror 
into  his  w ife’s  bosom 
Finally  some  one  asks  what  is  the  mat 
ill?  Has  anything  gone
ter? 
Has  anyone  offended  him?  To

Is  he 

all  queries  he  responds  “ nothing"  in 
indicates  that  the 
tone  of  voice  that 
universe 
is  out  of  gear,  and  arraign 
everybody  in  the  house,  from  the  baby 
up  and  down,  and convicts  them  of  hav 
ing  criminally  conspired  against  hi 
happiness.  Such  a  man  always  takes 
great  credit  for  never  saying  anything 
when  he 
is  mad,  but  he  would  he  less 
brutal 
if  he  smashed  the  furniture  and 
swore  a  blue  streak.  A  wife  can  deal 
with  a  red-hot  angry  man  who  says 
things  and  gives  her  a  chance  to  talk 
back  and  explain,  but  with  a  dumb  one 
she  is  utterly  helpless.  She  can’t  argue 
with  silence.  She  can  only  grit  her 
teeth  and  passively  endure  what  she 
knows  to  be  an  injustice  and  an  out 
rage

A  certain  amount  of  silence  in  a  fam­
ily  might  be  a  good  thing  and  a  con 
servator  of  the  peace,  if  it  went  all  the 
way  around,  but  it  is  always  the  most 
one-sided  thing  on  earth.  I  have  known 
plenty  of  households  where  it  would 
have  been  considered  almost  criminal 
to  break  the  dumbness  that  was  main­
tained  regarding  the  good  qualities  and 
the  charms  of  the  different  members  of 
the  family,  but  never a  one  where  any­
body  felt  called  upon  to  maintain  si­
lence  regarding  each  other’s  faults  and 
failures.  Poor,  patient  Mr.  Benedict 
might  come  home  with  the  chickens  364 
days 
in  the  year  and  nothing  ever  be 
scored  to  his  credit,  but  when  he  stays 
out  a  couple  of  hours  late  on  the  365th, 
Maria  considers  herself  a  poor,  mis 
used  creature,  and  raises  Cain  about  it 
Nobody  says  a  word  about  the  many 
good  dinners  dear  little  Mrs.  Housewife 
spends  so  much  anxious 
and 
thought  and  work  in  preparing  for  her 
family,  but 
let  there  be  too  much  salt, 
by  some  mischance,  in  the  soup,  and 
the  whole  table  remarks 
Little 
Johnny  can  come  into  the  room  like 
ittle  gentleman  forty  times  without  ex­
citing  the  slightest  comment,  but 
let 
him  rush  in  like  a  whirlwind  once  and 
everybody  shudders  and  says:  “ For 
pity’s  sake!  That  child  will  never  grow 
up  into  anything  but  a  hoodlum.”   Fair 
play 
If  we  are  going  to 
keep  silence  about  people’s  virtues,  let 
us  also  be  dumb  concerning  their faults,
It  is  no  more  than  justice.

is  fair  play. 

care 

it. 

No  doubt  there  are  friendships  that 
have  been  talked  to  death,  and  we  have 
all  known 
intimacies  that  were  broken 
up  by  an 
indiscreet  person  repeating 
something  told  them  in  confidence,  but

Of  course,  we  all  admit  that  there  are 
times  when  we  talk too much ;  occasions 
when  we  are  indiscreet  and  tell  things 
we  didn’t 
intend  to  tell  and  that  we 
ought  not  to  hav'te  mentioned,  and  when 
we  say  things  far  better  left  unsaid,  but 
even  so,  it  is  doubtful  if  even  then  the 
preponderance  of  merit  is  so  largely  on 
the  side  of  silence  as  we  have  been 
led 
to  believe.  There  are  times  when  the 
most  reckless  talker  alive  can  not  do  so 
much  harm  or  wound  more  cruellv  than 
the  man  who  merely  holds  his  peace. 
is  silver,”   says  the  old  prov­
“ Speech 
erb,  “ silence 
is  gold, ”   but  silence  is 
not  always  gold.  Sometimes  it  is 
lead 
that  crushes  everything  and  everybody.
As  a  matter  of  fact,  perhaps,after  all, 
silence 
is  one  of  the  virtues  that  we 
honor  more  in  the  breach  than  the  ob­
servance.  Theoretically 
it  is  a  quality 
that  commands  our  highest  admiration. 
We  even  go  so  far  as  to  attribute  wis­
dom,  on  no  other  ground  and  without 
other  evidence,  to  the  person  who  can 
hold  his  tongue,  but  in  every-day  prac 
tical  life  silence  is  one  of  the  things  a 
little  of  which  goes  a  long  way.  Who, 
for  instance,  yearns  for the  companion 
ship  of  the  habitually  silent  man  or 
woman—the 
individual  who  sits  up 
in  every  company  as  unresponsive  as 
the  death’s  head  at  the  feast,  the  one 
out  of  whom  every  remark  must  be 
cork-screwed  with  an  effort  that 
is  ac­
tual  physical  labor,  the  one  who  forces 
you  to  ask  questions  until  you  feel  like 
the  grand  inquisitor,  and  who,  after  half 
an  hour’s  conversation,  leaves  you  limp 
and  exhausted  and  wondering  if  break 
ing  rock  on  the  street 
isn’t  a  pleasant 
and  light  occupation  compared  to  talk­
ing  to  such  a  person?  Don’t  tell  us  that 
such a  one  is  “ deep,” ’  or  “ profound,”  
or  “ serious.”   We  have  dipped  down 
into  the  well  of  his  experiences  and 
thought  and  know  there’s  nothing  there 
but  that  awful  silence.

In  his  opinion  that 

Women  are  always  accused  of  over­
garrulity. 
If  knowing  how  to  talk,  and 
being  willing  to  do  it  is  a  vice,  then 
• we  love  them  for  their  faults,  but  men 
have  plenty  of  sins,  in  the  way  of  si 
lence,  to  ‘answer  for 
in  society.  The 
average  man  expects  all  women  to  en­
tertain  him. 
is 
what  they  are  here  for,  and he  considers 
that  when  he  shows  up  at  a  party  or 
takes  a  girl  to  the  play  he  has  done  his 
part.  He  has  pushed  the  button  and 
she  must  do  the  rest.  Just  watch  the 
next  couple  you  see  out  together  at 
or  between  the  acts  at  the 
dinner, 
theater— anywhere. 
is  always  the
same.  The  girl  is  doing  the  talking  and 
making  the  effort  to  entertain  the  man, 
and  she knows  she  is  playing  to the big 
gest  sort  of luck  if  he  throws  in  a  side

It 

is  equally  the  enemy  of  love. 
silence 
Probably  there 
is  no  one  who  can  not 
look  back  over  her own  life  without  re­
calling  some  friend  estranged  and 
lost, 
who  might  have  been  held  by  a  word 
if  that  word  had  been  spoken 
in  time. 
They  took  offense  or  we  took  offense  at 
some  trivial  thing,  a  fancied  sligi t,  an 
imagined 
lack  of  cordiality,  a  garbled 
rumor,  something  that  we  mistook  or 
misunderstood. 
If  either  one  had  had 
the  courage  to  come  right  out  and  ask 
for the  truth  it  might  have  been  so easi­
ly  explained,  but  we  were  too  proud. 
We  took  refuge 
in  silence  that  is  an 
arctic  wall  that  freezes up all approaches 
to  understanding  and  reconciliation. 
If,  like 
little  children,  we  should  drop 
the 
insane  theory  that  our dignity  de­
mands  silence  and  should  go  to-day  to 
every  one  towards  whom  we  harbor  re­
sentment  or  have  old  grudges  or  whom 
we  think  dislikes  us  and  frankly  ask 
them :  What  have  I  done  to offend 
you?  Wherein  am 
fault?”   or 
‘ What  made  you  do  thus  and  so?”   be 
sure  that  nine-tenths  of  the  grievances 
under  which  we labor could be explained 
away  and  we  should  sleep  forgiven  and 
forgiving  to-night.

I  at 

I  prefer 

It  also  seems  to  me  that  there  is much 
just  for  it­
to  be  said  in  favor  of  talk 
self,  and,  personally, 
the 
woman  who  chatters  as  blithely  and  as 
meaninglessly  as  a  canary  to  the  one 
who  wraps  herself  in  an  awful  silence, 
under  whose  baneful 
influence  cheer­
fulness  dies  and  conversation  becomes  a 
lost  art,  even  for other  people. 
1  know 
that  there  are  those  who  hold  that  all 
in  your  neighoors’  affairs  is 
nterest 
vulgar;  that  any 
little  chit-chat  about 
what  other  people  are  doing  is  gossip, 
nd  so  to  be  condemned,  and  that  peo­
ple  ought  not  to  talk  unless  they  have 
something  high  and  mighty  to  discuss. 
Heavens!  Who  would  want  to  live  with 
the  roar  of  Niagara  forever 
in  their 
ears? 
It  is  the  little  babbling  brook  of 
which  we  never  tire,  and  to  my  mind 
there  is  no  more  charming  woman  than 
she  who  is  an  adept  in  polite  gossip— 
who  knows  how  to clothe the little affairs 
everyday  life  with  interest;  who  sees 
the  fun  and  the  pathos  of  things  and 
who  can  not  go  down  town  to  buy  a 
spool  of  cotton  without  collecting  a  lit 
tie  budget  of  news  that  she  retails  to 
her  delighted  audience  across  her  din­
ner table.  Compare  that,  if  you  please, 
th  the  woman  who  sits  in grim silence 
the  foot  of  her  hoard,  and  whose 
family  partake  of their  dinner  as  dumb­
ly  and  unresponsively  as  any  other  ani 
mals  who  are  being  fed.

far 

Finally,  there  must  come  a  time  to 
each  and  every  one  of  us  when  the  aw­
ful  silence  of  death  shuts  down  between 
us  and  our  best  beloved.  Cry  aloud  as 
we  may,  we  can  not  make  them  hear  in 
that 
land  where  they  have  gone. 
God  knows  then  whether  we  shall  most 
regret  the  things  we  have  said  or  the 
things  we  have  left  unsaid.  The  harsh 
and  impatient  word  we  uttered  they  for­
gave  us,  but  all  the  unuttered  love  and 
tenderness  they  never  knew. 
It  would 
have  been  such  a  joy  to  them  to  know 
how  we  admired  them. 
It  would  have 
given  them  courage  so  often  when  their 
hearts  failed,  if  only 
they  had  known 
how  we  appreciated  them.  We  might 
have  made  the  hard  road  of life  blossom 
for  them  with  words  of  praise,  but  we 
never  said  them,  and  then,  as  we  mur­
mur  passionate  words  of  love  and  regret 
into  deaf  ears,  we  know,  as  we  have 
never known  before,  that  there  is  a  duty 
of  speech  as  well  as  a  duty  of  silence 

Dorothy  Dix

W here  W om an’s  G reatest  O pportunities

Lie.

One  of  the  most  significant  features  of 
the  day  is  the  fact  that  women are grow­
ing  practical.  The  beau  ideal  of  femi­
nine  attractiveness  is  no  longer  an 
im ­
possible  combination  of  an  angel  and  a 
goose.  Other  times  have  brought  other 
standards,  and  the  woman  who  would 
be  esteemed  attractive  and  thoroughly 
up  to  date  now  must  know  her  world 
thoroughly  and  be  able  to  cope  with  it. 
All  of  the  old  traditional  weaknesses 
dear  to  the  heart  of  the  satirist  are  dy 
ing  out,  and  the  jokemakers  are  having 
to  hunt  for  new  breaks  in  her armor  at 
which  to  hurl  their  shafts  of  ridicule.

fiction 

This  change  in  woman’s  attitude  to­
wards  the  every-day  affairs  of  life  is no­
ticeable  on  every  side.  Helplessness 
Ignorance  is 
has  gone  out  of  fashion. 
passe.  There  was  a 
that  our 
grandmothers  never  ate,  or,  at  least, 
merely  nibbled  on  humming  birds’ 
wings  and  nightingales’  tongues.  The 
man  who  undertakes  to  feed  the  mod­
ern,  healthy,  hungry  girl  on  something 
equally  ethereal  is  a  wiser  and  a  poorer 
man  before  he  gets  through  paying  for 
her  dinner.  The  old-time  woman  was 
supposed  to-  be 
incapable  of  handling 
or  earning  money,  and 
to  sign  her 
checks,  when  she  had  any,  “ yours  lov 
ingly. ”  
The  modem  woman  who 
doesn’t  have  her  own  bank  account  and 
isn  t  familar  with  common  business 
usages  argues  herself  a  woman  without 
an  independent  pocketbook.

A nnual  M eeting  M ichigan  Bean  Jobb ers’ 

A ssociation.

The  eighth  annual  meeting  of  the 
Michigan  Bean  Jobbers’  Association  is 
being  held  at  Detroit  this  week.  The 
convention  was  called  to  order  at  the 
Griswold  House  this  morning  and  the 
members  listened  to  an  address  of  wel­
come  by  Mayor  Maybury  and a response 
by  C.  E.  Burns,  Presid  nt  of  the  Asso­
ciation.  The  afternoon  and  evening  are 
to  be  devoted  to  an  excursion  to  St. 
Clair  Flats  and  a  supper  at  the  Star  Is­
land  House.  The  programme  for  Thurs­
day  is  as  follows:

1.  Reading  of  minutes  of  previous 

meeting  and  routine  of  business.

2.  Crop  reports  by  individual  mem­

bers  covering  their  own  locality.

3.  Crops  of  1800  and  1900  compared 
E.  A.  Moseley,  Grand  Rapids.
4* 

Improvements in  bean machinery,
particularly  that  branch  which decreases 
the  amount  of  labor  of  pickers— Edward 
Isbell,  Jackson.

5.  Grades  of  the  Michigan  Bean Job­
bers  Association.  Can  they  be  applied 
successfully 
in  cases  of  rejection?— C.
E.  Bums,  Detroit.

6.  Buying.  Shall  we  have  uniform 
methods  of  testing  accepted  by 
all 
members  of  the  Association?— W.  F. 
Prescott,  Leslie.
ton.

7.  The  broker— Burdick  Potter,  Fen­

M aryland’s  Great  O yster  Industry. 

in 

engaged 

There  are  not 

less  than  50,000  per­
sons,  or  5  per  cent,  of  the  Maryland 
population, 
fishing'  and 
handling  oysters,  at  wages  amounting to 
$2,000,000  annually.  The  land  area  of 
Maryland  available  for  farming  and 
agricultural  purposes 
is  11,124  square 
miles,  or  7,119,000  acres,  while  our  bay 
or  water  area  is  1,920,000  acres,  and  of 
this  30  per  cent.,  or  640,000  acres,  is 
adapted  to  the  growth  and  culture  of 
oysters.  Thus  one-fifteenth  of  the  en­
tire  area  of  the  State  of  Maryland  is 
submerged, 
land. 
There  are  only  23,520 acres  of  this  vast 
area  actually  producing  oysters.

oyster-producing 

See  that  your  S.  C.  W.  cigars  are 

branded  with  dotted  type.

M ICH IGAN   TRADESM AN

7

STONE  BROS. America’s  Largest 

Priced  .  .  . JEWELERS

Popular

We  show  more  novelties  than  any  house  East  or  West.  Hence  we  are  the  Home  of  the  novelty  seeker  and  up-to-date 
merchant.  We do  not sell  at  retail, therefore we don’t issue a catalogue,  but if you will tell us your  wants  we  will  sub­
mit  a  selection of ‘ ‘money makers” and give you the privilege of returning within  5  days what you don’t  want at our expense.

W e show   them   in  Pullev  effect or  Buckle. 

Tinsel  Belts are the latest.
Gold or Silver.  $ 4 .0 0   per doz.

No.  2 7 2 1 ,  Our Matchless,  both sides Patent 

Leather,  Belt a $4.00 quality,  our price 

$ 2 .2 6   per dozen.

the regular $1.25 kind,  our  price 87 cts.  per  dozen, a big trade w inner to retail at  10 cts. 

No. 2094 Pompadour  Comb with  Rhine Stones, 

W e carry everything made in  H air Ornaments.

No.  1018  Brooch  Pin, 
one of a  thousand  good 
things reproduced from 
solid  gold  designs.

$ 2.0 0  per  dozen.

No.  1523 Brooch  Pin,  Derby  Novelty, 
Old Rose or Silver Gray,  $2.00 per dozen.

No. 2183 Latest in Crescent  Brooch  Pins, 

$ 4 .0 0   per dozen.

STONE BROS WARRANTED RINGS
SOLID  GOLD  PATTERNS
EACH  KING  G IM A N IE E D  TO GIVE ENTIRE  SATISFACTION 
OR  A  NEW  ONE  TO  EVERY  DISPLEASED  CUSTOMER 

R E P R O D U C E D   F R O M

L O O K   F O R   T H E   S T A M P  fiiii« I*ifl 
A N D   A C C E P T   N O   S U B S T IT U T E

Any 8tyle Collar Button that Is made 

w e sell  at 37 cts. per dozen,  and  guarantee for  one year wear.

A  FEW  OF  OUR  254  WARRANTED  RINGS

A  SELECTION  FROM  OUR  501  LINE
WE  ARE  SHOWING  TH ESE  IN 
FIFTY  DIFFERENT  PATTER N S

W e give th is cut,  and others,  to handlers of 

our  Celebrated  R in gs,  that retail with  a handsom e 

profit at  2 5   c ts.  and  5 0  cts.

Pulley  Belt  Rings  in  Gold,  Silver and  Black.  75  cts.  per pozen  pairs.

No.  1410

“Our  Chicken.”  Place the head in  your  button-hole and  the bulb  in your 
pocket,  squeeze and  the noise im itates a chicken.  We  have  them   w ith  the 
presidential candidates’  pictures also.  A ny style you  want.  $ 2 .0 0   p.  doz.

McKinley and  Bryan  Buttons,  handsom ely  enam eled,  the  highest  grade 

cam paign emblem on  the  market.  $ 2.0 0  per dozen.

2783

Imitation of Tortoise Shell.  40 cts. per dozen.

8colding  Lock  Pins,

"Presidential  Whistler," 

Shaking it makes it  whistle  automatically. 
It is indestructible.  Striped red, white and 
blue.  Very captivating tor marching clubs. 

76c per dozen.

No. 2799  8carf  Ball. 
Beautifully jeweled,  in 
gold and silver.  $ 2.00 
per dozen.

No. 2792  8carf Ball. 

Gold ¡.nd silver. 
75c  per  dozen.

Presidential windmill 
Hither Candidate.  The 
atmosphere causes it  to 
revolve continuously. 

75c per dozen.

plate.  7 5 c   per  dozen.

Has McKinley’s picture 
on the inside  of  breast 
plate.  75c  per  dozen.

Made  of  sea  shells, 
either  candidate.  Our 
own creation, very gen­
teel.  75c per dozen.

Stone  Bros. 

Importers of  Popular  Priced  Jewelry,  199*201  Market  St.,  Chicago.

i
V 
•• 

• 
 
1

I 

8

IGA1

Devoted  to the Beat Interests of Business Men
P u b lished   a t  th e   N ew   B lo d g e tt  B u ild in g , 

G rand  R ap ids,  b y   the

T R A D E S M A N   C O M PA N Y

O ne  D o lla r   a  Y ear,  P a ya b le  in  Advance,

A d v e rtis in g   R ates  on  A p p lica tio n .

Communications Invited from practical  business 
men.  Correspondents  must  give  their  full 
names and addresses, not necessarily  for  pub­
lication. but as a guarantee of good faith. 
Subscribers  may  have  the  mailing  address  of 
their papers changed as often as desired.
No paper discontinued, except  at  the  option  of 
the proprietor, until all arrearages are paid. 
Sample copies sent free to any address.

Entered at the Grand  Rapids  Post  Office  as 

Second Class mail  matter.

W h en  w ritin g   to  a n y  o f  onr  A dvertisers, 
please  say  tb  it  yo n   saw   th e  a dvertise­
m en t  in  th e M ich iga n  Tradesm an.
E.  A.  STO W E,  E d i t o r .

WEDNESDAY,  -  •  SEPTEMBER 12.1900.

N O T   A   Q U E S T IO N   O F   P O L IT IC S,

Two  men,  both  of  considerable  repute 
but  of  opposite  political 
faith,  have 
been  giving  their  ideas  about  the  young 
man’s  chance  to  make  his  way  in  the 
world 
in  these  days  when  it  is  the  de 
termined  purpose  of  the  big  to  swallow 
the  little. 
It  is  clearly  a  meeting  of the 
extremes— the  pessimist  with  the  opti­
mist— and  the  world  of  listeners  oscil­
lates  to  this  or  that  opinion  as 
it  con­
firms  or  refutes  an  almost  unchangeable 
prejudice.

MICHIGAN  TR A D E SM A N

Inch  by 

destiny  is  to  be  his,  and  no  one  hetter 
than  himself  knows  that  it  is  notaques 
tion  of  politics  which  he  is  to  answer. 
It  is  whether  he  has  force  enough  and 
character  enough  to  win his way.  Times 
change;  circumstances 
change;  but 
men  change  with  them.  What  does  not 
change  and  never  will  is  whether  the 
manhood  of  the  period is to be overcome 
by  the  opposition  of  that  period.  The 
world’s  grandest  successes  had  to  be 
fought  for. 
inch  the  victory 
was  won,  and  inch  by  inch  new difficul­
ties  were  grappled  with.  Obstacle  and 
hindrance  to-day  are  the  obstacle  and 
hindrance  of  yesterday  and  to-morrow 
with  a  different  spelling-;  but  the  man, 
young  or  old, who has  learned  his  letters 
in  the  school  of  hardship  and  toil  and 
suffering  will  spell  the.  words  success 
puts  out  to  him  and  will  go  up  to  the 
head  of  the  class.  He  can  not  be  kept 
back.  The  same  indomitable  will  that 
made  Grand  Rapids  the  second  city 
i__ 
the  State 
in  spite  of  forces  fighting 
against  it  will  meet,  as  grandly  and  as 
successfully,  the  same  opposing  power 
in  modem  methods  of  attack  to preserve 
and  perpetuate  the  city’s  good  name 
and  importance  and  influence;  and  the 
young  men  living  here,  if  they  are  the 
worthy  sons  of  their  worthy  parentage, 
will  find  a  way  to  batter  down  the  walls 
opposing  them  as  their  father  did  “ in 
the  old  time  before  them.”   Real  man 
hood,  whatever  the  opposition,  is  not  to 
It  has  come  to  stay.  En 
be  put  down. 
vironment 
is  nothing;  circumstance  is 
nothing.  They  are  both  the  creatures  of 
his  w ill;  and  both  in  time  will  find him 
at  the bead  of  their  council  boards.

h a p p y   h o m e   c o m i n g .

Getting  back 

from  a  vacation,  as 
everybody  will  admit,  is  the  best  part 
of  it.  There 
is  joy  in  planning  a  trip, 
with  all  the  world  before  you  where  to 
choose,  and  every  railroad  and  steam­
ship  advertisement  offering  to  transport 
you  straight  into  paradise,  at  excursion 
rates,  on  a  round-trip  ticket.  There 
bliss  in  the  moment  when  you  stand  on 
the  rear  platform  of  the  Pullman  and 
wave  good-by  to  your  friends  and  feel  a 
complacent  pity  for  all  the  unfortunate 
people  who  are  not  starting  off  oh  a  va­
cation.  There  is  a  reasonable  pleasure 
seeing  strange  places,  meeting  new 
people  and 
imbibing  fresh  ideas;  but 
the  crowning  delight  of  it  all  is  when 
the  train  pulls  into  the  home station and 
you  heave  a  sigh  of  relief  and  satisfac­
tion,  and  say,  “ Thank  heaven  I  am 
back  again!”   There 
is  a  ridiculous 
theory  that  we  all  yearn  for change  and 
novelty  and  that  we  spend  time  and 
money  traveling  in  order  to  seek  some­
thing  widely  different 
to 
which  we  have  been  accustomed.  Never 
was  a  greater  mistake.  We  want  the  fa­
miliar.  We  are  slaves  to  the  things  to 
which  habit  has  accustomed  us,  and 
when  we  travel  we  spend  most  of  our 
time  trying  to  find  something  like  we 
re  used  to  every  day.  This  is  so  well 
nown 
is  a  kind  of  free­
masonry  amon-:  people  who  come  from 
the  same  place  or-country  and  who  say 
to  each  other,  “ Go  to  so  and  so;  it  is 
They  never 
recommend  a  place  by  saying 
it  is 
different,  and  unlike  home,  and  when 
you  hear  a  person  declare,  in  a  foreign 
land,  that  a  lake  or  river or mountain 

like  home.”  

that  there 

much 

from 

that 

of 

that 

“ slow,”  

the  shriek 

used  only  to  the  shrill  clang  of  the  trol­
ley  car  and 
factory 
whistles,  but  none  of  it  had  charms  to 
interest  the  children  of  the  street. 
It 
was  all  too  new  and  unfamiliar. 
It 
bored  them.  They  said  that  the  animals 
were 
“ nothing  hap­
pened,”   and  that  the  silence  of  the 
night  terrified  them.  They  stood  it  two 
days  and  then  ran  away,  and  walked  all 
the  weary  way  back  home.  There  thev 
were  found  sitting  on  the  edge  of  the 
pavement,  contentedly  dangling  their 
tired 
little  feet  in  the  gutter,  with  the 
hot  wind  of  the  street  blowing  on  them 
and  the  noisome  odors  all  about  them, 
but, 
like  other  vacation  wanderers, 
happy  because  they  had  gotten  back  in­
to  the  old  familiar  surroundings.

T H E   W O R ST   T R U S T   O F   ALL,.

The  exclusion  of  “ all except  its mem­
bers  from  its  benefits”   is  the  first  j  rin- 
ciple  of  the  labor  union  trust.  Not  only 
are  they  excluded  from  its  benefits,  but 
its  whole  power  is  extended  positively 
to 
injure  them.  They  are  treated  as 
“ scabs”   and  the  union  uses  every  dis­
honest  and  criminal  means  within  its 
power  to  prevent  their  obtaining  em­
ployment.  Members  of  the  union  refuse 
to  work  with  them,  resort  to  a  strike 
if 
they  are  introduced  into  a  business,  and 
seek  to  ruin  the  business  by  deserting 
it  at  a  critical  moment  and  by  inducing 
a  boycott  of  it.  The  unions  say  prac­
tically  to  workmen :  “ Unless  you 
join 
our trusts  we  will  do everything possible 
to  prevent  your  working  at  all  and  re­
duce  you  to  starvation.”   They  under­
take  to  hound  every  workman  who  is 
not 
in  the  union,  to  subject  him  to  so­
cial  ostracism  and  to terrorize employers 
so  that  they  shall  not  dare  to  employ 
such  a  workman.

the 

set  up, 

clambered 

themselves, 

The  one  with  convincing  finger points 
to  this  and  that  evidence  of  unmistak 
able  prosperity  crowding  and  crowning 
American  enterprise  and  tracing it  back 
to  its  little  beginning  when  the  proprie­
tor,  a  young  man  with  the  world  before 
him,  with  his  shirt  sleeves  rolled  up, 
and  with  only  his  two  hands  and  the  in­
domitable  faith  in  himself  behind them, 
began  to  accumulate  little  by  little  the 
prosperity ending in this—the  ’‘ this”   be­
ing  a  handsweep  which  encloses  the 
colossal  establishment  whose  business 
comprises  the  world.  These  things  are 
common.  Not  a  city  exists  whose  lead­
ing  successful  men  from  the  ground  did 
not 
ladder 
against  the  wall  of  enterprise,  up  the 
rounds  of  which  they  have painfully and 
determinedly 
to  the  top. 
What  was  the  beginning  of  the furniture 
business  centering  now  in  Grand  Rap­
ids?  Light  your  kerosene  lantern  and, 
like  Diogenes,  hunt  for  the  man  who 
sunk  the  first  oil  well,  the  beginning  of 
the  fabulous  fortunes  that  have  sprung 
it.  What  was  the  beginning  of 
from 
the  electric  light  and  what 
is  the  early 
history  of  the  power  that  grasped  the 
driving  wheel  of  the  engine  on  land 
and  sea,  and  what  of  the  men—young 
men  once— who  saw  their  chance  and 
made  the  most  of 
it?  You  will  find 
them,  if  you  go  back  far  enough,  in  the 
scant-furnished  houses  of  the  poor,  and 
you  will  find,  too,  that  that  same  sort  of 
young  man  is  alive  to-day  and  as  ready- 
to-day  as  he  ever  has  been  fo  furnish 
history  with  another  story  of  toils  and 
tears  and  so  to  prove  his  claim  to  pov 
erty’s  birthright,success;  but  hampered 
by  the  political  conditions  of  the  coun- 
try.

and 

The  trust  itself  furnishes  the  best 

il 
lustration.  Who  were  the  men  at  the 
head  of  them? 
“ Barefoot  hoys  with 
cheeks  of  tan,”   poverty-cradled  and 
poverty-kissed 
poverty-cursed, 
every  one  of  them,  caring  no  more  for 
the  accidents  of  birth  and  fortune  than 
for  the  cuffs  and  hard  knocks  these gave 
them  and  which  they  jeeringly  laughed 
at.  A  question  of  politics  with  them?
It  was  a  question  of  will,  of  force,  of 
endurance,  exactly  as  it  is  now,  and  the 
young  men  who  stand  to-day  with  these 
qualities, 
fist-clinched, 
facing  the  world,  are  the  ones  to  down 
all  opposition,  spelled  with  six  letters 
or  ten,  and  to  place  themselves  at  the 
head  of  those  enterprises  whose  aim 
and purpose were evidently  to  keep them 
down.

foot-hraced, 

None  but  Chinamen  would  think  of 
using  hens  to  hatch  fish.  According  to 
the  science  column  of  a  German  weekly 
paper, 
the  hens  of  China  lead  busy 
’ives.  When  not  engaged  in  hatching 
out  a  brood  of  their own  kind,  they  are 
put  to  the  additional  and  novel  task  of 
hatching  fish  eggs.  Chinese  cheap  labor 
collects  the  spawn  of  fish 
from  the 
water's  edge,  puts  it  in  an  empty  egg 
shell,  which  is  then  hermetically  sealed 
with  wax  and  placed  under  the  unsus­
pecting  and  conscientious  hen. 
In  a 
few  days  the  egg  shell  is  removed,  and 
the  spawn,  which  has  been  warmed  in­
to  life,  is  emptied  into  a  shallow  pool. 
Here  the  fish  that  soon  develop  are 
nursed  until  strong  enough  to  be  turned 
into  a  lake  or  stream.

His  opponent  will  meet  the  argument 
without  shrinking,  he  will  reach,  by  in­
vincible 
logic,  his  exultant  “ which 
was  to  he  proved,”   and  the  discussion 
ends  as 
it  began  and  where  it  began. 
Both  in  arguing  for the  young  man have 
forgotten  him  and  there  he  is,  as  he  has 
been  since  the  foundation  of  the  world, 
ready  to  win  or  lose.  One  or  the  other

Tennessee  wants  a  law  that  will  de­
stroy  dogs  and  protect  sheep.  She  will 
not  get  it.  The  worthless  citizens  own 
the  dogs  and  they  can  outvote  the  hon­
est  farmers  who  are 
trying  to  raise 
sheep.

The  man  who 

the 
praise  of  others  will  not  forget  himself.

lavishly  sounds 

packed  with 

for  variety  in  food 

perience  that  novelty 

ke  the  scenery  at  home,  you  know  at 
once  that  they  have  paid 
it  the  best 
compliment  of  which  they were capable.
London,  when  you  want  to  rub 
shoulders  against  your  fellow-country­
men, you  don’t  hunt  for them  rhapsodi 
in  Westminster  Abbey,  or  St. 
ng 
Paul’s,  or  soaking  themselves  with  his­
torical  association 
in  the  tower;  vou 
drop  into  the  American  shop  where they 
sell  real  American  soda  water  and  find 
patriots  reverently 
guzzling  our  national  beverage  and  ask 
ng  each  other  if  it  doesn’t  seem  just 
ke  home.  Even  our  boasted  passion 
is  largely  humbug.
imbibe  our  taste  in  seasoning  and 
our  religious  principles  in  early  youth, 
and  it’s  just  about  as  easy  to  convert  us 
from  one  as  from  the  other.  We  want 
pies  like  mother  made  them  and  things 
cooked  as  we  are  used  to  having  them. 
On  the  whole,  most  of  us  know  from 
is  one  of  the 
things  that 
is  chiefly  attractive  in  the 
abstract,  and  that  we  are  happiest  when 
we  are 
in  the  rut  with 
which  we  are  perfectly  familiar.  A 
curious  illustration  of  this  has  just  been 
offered  in  a  little  incident  which recent­
ly  happened 
in  New  York.  A  good 
Samaritan,desiring  to  bring some  pleas 
ure  into  darkened  lives,  took  three  little 
waifs  from  the  most  squalid  part  of  the 
tenement  district  to  a  beautiful  country 
place.  Nothing  in  the  way  of  a  change 
could  have  been  more  radical,  and  one 
would  have  thought  it  must have seemed 
like  heaven  to  the 
little  gamins.  Na­
ture  spread  the  soft  velvet  of  her  carpet 
for  the  little  feet  that  had  never  known 
anything  but  the  hard  stones  of the city. 
The  great  arch  of  the  heavens  were  as 
blue  as  sapphire  for  little  eyes  that  had 
never  before  seen  anything  but  a  dingy 
strip  of  blue 
in  by  smoking 
chimney  tops.  The  birds  sang  and  the 
soft  wind  crooned  a  lullaby  to  little  ears

jogging  along 

fenced 

Of  course  the  union  “ invites  all  men 
belonging to the  craft  to  enter it, ”   for  it 
seeks  to  build  up  a  labor  monopoly,  but 
the  penalties  for  refusal  to accept  the 
invitation  are  the  unrelenting  hostility 
of  the  union.  They  do  not  respect  the 
'iberty  of  choice  of  a workman, but  deny 
to  him  entirely  the  exercise  of  freedom 
by subjecting  him  to  duress. 
“ You  are 
free  to  come  into  the  union,”   they  say,
but  if  you  stay  out  you  do  so  at  your 
peril  and  at  the  peril  of  any  one  who 
employs  you. ”

It  is  said  that  many  French  medical 
men  are  abandoning  the  use  of  tobac­
co,  owing 
largely  to  the  government 
monopoly  of  that  commodity.  Accord­
ing  to  the  physicians  the  cigars  of  the 
(those  made  at  the  govern­
ment  factories)  are  so  uniformly  bad, 
and  the  tax  on  all  other  brands  is  so 
prohibitive,  that  the  only  sensible  thing 
to  do  is  not  to  smoke  at  all

Regie 

There  are  some  men  in  Grand Rapids 
too  stupid  to  successfully  carry  out  the 
ordinary  affairs  of  life  who  are  now pre­
pared  to  say  just  what  this  Government 
should  do  in  her  present  strained  rela­
tions  with  China.  And  the  worst  of 
it 
is  that  they  bruit  their  opinions  without 
waiting  for an  invitation.

It  is  not  too  much  to  hope  that in  1910 
our  commerce  with  Alaska  and 
the 
Aleutian  Islands  will  be  greater  than 
were  our  export  and  import  trade  with 
the  Orient  in  1890. 
If  this  prove  true, 
what,  think  you,  will the  figures  of  trade 
between  the United States and the Orient 
be  in  that  same  1910?

Men  who  accumulate  wealth  by  being 
very  close  when  they  are  young  never 
seem  to  know  how  to  loosen  up  when 
they  are  old.

M ICH IGAN   TRADESM AN

0

Born  Steel  Ranges

Are quick  sellers  because  their  s t r o n g   p o i n t s  
need  only to  be  mentioned  to  be  appreciated  by 
the  customer.  No  other  range  has  all  these 
features:

Patent  Removable Oven  Bottoms  that  do  not  warp.
Balanced  Oven  Doors  with  tough  malleable iron frames.
Double Steel  Plate  Bodies  interlined  with  asbestos.
Cast  Back  Flues that  will  not  burn  out  or  rust through.
Heavy  Cast  Iron  Tops  that  stand  the  heat  and  strain.
Combination  Feed  Doors  that  swing  for  wood  and  drop 

for coal.

Reversible  Duplex  Grates  that  can  be  used  for  coal  or 

wood.

Dampers  that  operate  from  front  where  they  are  easy 

to  get  at.

Adjustable  Flue  Slides  that  regulate  the  draft  for  any 

kind  of fuel.

Cased  Asbestos  Flue  Bottoms  to  retain  heat  and  protect 

the floor.

Paneled  Patent  Turned  Closet  Doors  made  of  planished 

iron.

Planished  Iron  End  Panels  that  give  a  handsome  and 

durable finish.

Encased  Reservoir  heated  by  patented  process— no  con­

nections.

A   great variety  of  sizes  and  patterns 
to  select  from.  Ovens  from  15 x  21 
to 36 x 26,  and  fire  boxes  for any kind 
of  fuel.
Dealers who  have the agency  for this 
line  can  suit the smallest family or the 
largest  hotel.

. 

Catalogue  “ H ”  is  yours  for  the  ask­
ing.  It  illustrates  the  full line of  Steel 
Ranges,  also  Broilers,  Bake  Ovens, 
Carving  and  Steam  Tables,  Coffee 
Urns,  Laundry  Stoves,  and  complete 
Kitchen  Outfits.

4 *

Born  Steel  Range  Co.,

Cleveland,  Ohio

IO

M ICH IGAN   TRADESM AN

1  believe  that  this 

but  to-day  all  creditors  share  and  share 
alike. 
law  has 
worked  wonders  with  the  character  and 
standard  of  retail  merchants,  for  surely, 
in  the  writer’s  experience,  there  never 
have  been  such  a  high  class  and  quality 
of  retailers  doing  business  as  at  the 
present  time.  The  retail  merchant  who 
does  not  discount  his  bills  is  an  excep­
tion,  and  the 
jobber’s  percentage  of 
losses  has  never  been  so  small  as  dur­
ing  the  last  few  years.  This  fact  is  ap­
preciated  on  the  part  of  the  jobber,  in 
that  competition,  growing  more  severe 
each  year,  does  not  permit  of  the  old- 
time  profit  and  loss  account.

Detroit,  for  its  size  and  situation, 
probably  does  a  larger  jobbing  business 
to  the  square  inch  than  any  other  city 
in  the  Union  outside  of  New  York 
City.  Unfortunately,  Canada  cuts  off 
on  the  East,  but  each  season  the Detroit 
jobber  is  reaching  out  farther  to  the 
West  and  South  with satisfactory results,

At  the  present  time  figures  are  pre­
sented  which  show  a  decrease  in  the 
cotton  crop  for this  year  of  about  three 
million  bales;  Liverpool  is  buying  our 
cottons  very  freely  and  the  market  is 
stronger.  On  the  other  hand,  the  re­
tailer  appears  to  be  “ bearing”   the mar­
ket.  There 
is  no  question  whatever 
that  the  producing  power  is  far  in  ex­
cess  of  the  demand,  and  were  it  not  for 
production  being  regulated by  combines 
and  trusts,  cotton  and  woolen  stuffs 
would  be  greatly  reduced  in price.  This 
is  a  strong  argument  in  favor  of  trusts 
and  combines.

Detroit  has  four  wholesale  dry  goods 
houses,  and  that  they  are  up  to  or  above 
is  no question.  No 
the  standard  there 
other  branch  of  trade 
is  better  repre­
sented 
in  our  fair  city,  and  Michigan 
should  continue  to  support  their  honest 
efforts.  It  is  not  the  idea  of  the  Detroit 
jobber to  “ follow”   but  to  “ lead,”   and 
I  believe  that  this  fact  is  appreciated

D R Y   G O O D S  T R A D E .

P o sitio n   o f  th e  M iddlem an  G ro w in g M ore 

Secure.

Your  request  for  an  article  on  the 
Wholesale  Dry  Goods  Trade  for  the 
past,  present  and 
future  should  have 
been  made  to  an  older  man,  although 
my  experience  dates  from  1877.  Since 
then 
there  have  been  many  radical 
in  the  method  of  wholesaling 
changes 
dry  goods,  as  competition,  which 
is 
more  severe  from  day  to  day,  has  forced 
In  1877,  1878  and  1879  most 
changes. 
of  the 
jobbing  houses  in  Detroit— and 
they  numbered  five  at  that  time—em­
ployed  house  salesmen,and  such  a  thing 
as  a  regular  traveling  man  was  an  ex­
ception,  although  each  hou  e  employed 
one  or  two  general  travelers  and  the 
house  salesmen  were  expected  to  make 
trips  from  time  to  time  through  the 
State.  To-day  the  house  salesman  is  an 
exception,  in  that  merchants  visiting 
the  market  expect  the  department  buy­
ers  to  wait  upon  them.  The  road  sales­
man  in  1877  carried  a  few  samples— not 
to  exceed  two  trunks— while  to-day  it  is 
very  necessary  for  every  road  man  to 
have  an  accurate  sample  of  every article 
carried  by  the jobber, which  necessitates 
six  to  ten  trunks.  This  item 
itself 
is  a  very  extravagant  one,  in  view  of 
the fact  that  the  railroad  companies con­
tinue  to  refuse  any  special  rates  to 
traveling  men.  Traveling  men  making 
certain  territories  regularly  should  have 
special  rates  from  the railroad company, 
and  the  time 
is  not  far  distant  when 
these  favors  will  be  extended,  as  the 
automobile  or  the  electric  trolley  car 
will  force  it.

in 

The  Western  johber  at  certain  seasons 
of  the  year  is  now  sending  special  sam­
ple  cars  through  the  country,  which  ap­
pears to be  an  innovation,and  very  soon 
radical  changes  may  be  expected  from 
the  present method  of  selling goods from 
samples  on  the  road.  That  the  jobbing 
trade  continues  to  be  a  tough  proposi­
tion,  there  is  no question.

The 

jobber  at  the  present  time  is 
known,  and  rightly  so,  as  the  middle­
man ;  the  manufacturer  has  not,  can  not 
and  never  will  distribute  his  output  di­
rectly  to  the  retailer.  Of  course,  there 
are  exceptions,  but  he  must  look  very 
largely  to  the  jobber  as  a  distributer.  A 
there  were  those  who 
few  years  ago 
predicted  the  passing  away  of  the 
job­
ber.  That  this  idea  was  wrong  is  shown 
by  the  fact  that  the  jobber  to-day is  cut­
ting  a  more  important  figure  than  ever. 
Never  in  the  history  of  the  country have 
the  jobbers  handled  so  many  orders  for 
goods,  to  say  nothing  of  totals,  as  dur­
ing  the 
last  two  years,  and  there  is  an 
immense  volume  of  trade  in  process  to- 
dav.

in  every  State 

The  manufacturer  can  not  with  any 
satisfaction  handle-two  or  three  thou­
sand  accounts 
in  the 
Union;  in  fact,  there  is  a  disposition 
to-day  on  the  part  of  the  manufacturers 
to  reduce  the  number  of  their  accounts, 
confining  their  sales  to  only  a  few 
job­
bers  and 
looking  to  them  for  a  large 
distribution.  At  one  time  the  jobber 
was  desirous  of  large  accounts.  Manv 
of  them  to-day  desire 
it  reversed,  in 
that  the  jobber  is  forced  to  cover an im­
mense  territory,  and  this  in  itself  in­
creases  the  number  of  accounts  and  the 
size  of  the  accounts  is 
lost  sight  of. 
This  fact  has  been  brought  about  on 
account  of  the recent bankruptcy law.  In 
the  days  that  are  gone  there  was  not 
in  what  was  known  as  a 
much  risk 
carrying  account, 
jobber 
could  resort  to  the  chattel  mortgage law,

in  that  the 

and  that  the  Eastern  jobber  is  selling 
less  and 
less  dry  goods  in  Michigan  is 
an  admitted  fact.  A  few  years  ago  the 
retailer  felt  obliged  to  go  to  New  York 
City  for  the  bulk  of  his  goods;  to-day 
he  simply  goes  for  the  advertisement, 
and  the  wide-awake  retailer  of  Michi­
gan  has  already  given  up  this  idea.

The  system  of  postal  cards  and  circu­
lars,  quoting 
leading  articles  at  a  low 
price— usually  at  cost— is being gradual­
ly  abandoned,  in  that  responses  have 
been  so  unsatisfactory. 
The  Detroit 
jobbers’  instruction  to  their  traveling 
men  is  to  meet  legitimate  competition, 
no  matter  what  the  postal  card  price 
may  be,  for  the retailer believes  that  the 
next  traveling  man  who  calls  upon  him 
will  not  only  meet  the  quoted  price,  but 
have  also  the  same article  for immediate 
shipment.  Of  course,  there  are  excep­
tions  to  this,  in  that  some  jobbers  buy 
the  entire  production;  at  the  same  time 
this  is  not  often  the  case.

by  every  retailer  in  Michigan,  North­
ern  Ohio and Indiana.  James  L.  Lee.

Every  railway,  in  order  to  furnish  a 
reasonable  accommodation  to the public, 
must  run  a  great  many  of  its  passenger 
trains  with  too  few  passengers  to  pay 
the  actual  train  expenses.  It  must  make 
enough  profit  on 
its  better  patronized 
trains  to  make  up  for this  loss  and leave 
a  margin  of  profit  besides,  else  its  pas­
senger traffic  can  not  he  said  to  be  on  a 
satisfactory  basis.  Taking  the  United 
States  as  a  whole,  only  a  little  over one- 
fifth  of  the  total  earnings  of railways  are 
derived  from  the  passenger  traffic.  A 
large  proportion  of  American  railway 
lines  are  conducting  their  passenger 
traffic  at  a  loss,  while  others  are  merely 
paying  expenses  and  deriving  no  profit 
proportionate  to  the  investment  and  the 
volume  of  business  done.  This  is  cer­
tainly  not  a  satisfactory  showing,  and  it 
ought  not  to be  accepted  as  a permanent 
state  of  affairs.

The  only  way  to  satisfy  a  business 

kicker  is  to  let  him  kick  it  out.

F em in in e  W atch   Fobs.

The  girl  who 

is  careful  about  dress 
accessories  wears  a  fob  chain  now  with 
her tailor-made  suit. 
It’s  very  much 
like  the  one  her  men  friends  wear,  a 
trifle  lighter  in  weight,  perhaps,  but 
if 
there’s  one  to  be  had  that  formerly  be­
longed  to  a  masculine  ancestor  she’s not 
above  clasping 
it  to  the  black  ribbon 
with  its  gold  slides  and  wearing  it.

There’s  many  an  antique  beauty  hid­
den  away 
in  old  chests  where  it  was 
placed  when  fobs  went  hopelessly  out 
of  fashion  that  will  now  be  resurrected 
and  regarded  as  the most desirable jewel 
in  milady’s  casket.

T h e  antique  affairs  had  seals  that 
topaz  and  onyx 
showed  bloodstones, 
sets,  w h ile 
those  of 
am ethysts,  sardonyx  and  Cornelia  to  the 
list.

later  ones  add 

The  use  of  the  fob  will  to  some  de­
gree  solve  the  problem,  “ What  shall  we 
do  with  our  watches?”   that  has  puzzled 
women  in  recent  years.  The  tiny  re­
ceptacle  now  made  for  the  timepiece 
disturbs  the  fit  of  the  coat  not  at all,  and 
is  much  safer  for  them  than  was  the 
custom  of  pinning  them  on  the  bodice 
and  so  exposing  them  to  the  various 
changes  of  temperature  as  well  as  to 
the  gentlemen  with  thieving  proclivi­
ties.  To be  sure,  they  are  not  particu­
larly  safe  when  attached  only  to  a  fob, 
but  they  can  in  addition  be  fastened  to 
the  pocket  with  a  safety  pin.

At  any  rate,  whatever  its  faults,  the 
fob  is  considered  very  smart  just  now, 
and  it  behooves  the  maid  who  had  a 
grandfather to  look  over  his  possessions 
and  see  if  she  can  not  find  a  seal  she 
may  swing  upon  black watered  ribbon— 
the  latter,  by  the  way,  is  again  in  high 
favor— and  wear on  her  watch.  Failing 
this,  she  must  certainly  buy  a  more 
modern  one, if she must  be  strictly  up- 
to-date.

Irons  Need  O ccasional  Rest.

let 

lay 

“ This  iron  is  out  of temper.  I’ll  have 
it  rest  a  month  or  two,”   said  a 
to 
laundress. 
“ Irons  are  like  locomotives 
and  razors  in  this  respect.  There  comes 
a  time  when  they  won’t  work.  Do 
what  you  will  with  your  iron  then,  it 
won’t  stay  hot  a  minute  after  you  take 
it  from  the  fire. 
It  sticks  to  the  thing 
you  are  trying  to  press  and  there  is 
nothing  to  do  but 
it  away  for  a 
while.  This  one  got  out  of  temper  last 
winter  during  the  cold  snap,  when  I 
ironed  ice  with  it.  I  did  that  everyday. 
We  only  drank  melted  ice  in  our  house 
and  I  had  to  iron  it— it  wouldn’t  melt 
in  the  zero  weather—to give  us  drinking 
water.  Thus  I  spoiled  it  temporarily. 
A  quick  way  when  an  iron  refuses  to 
work  is  to  take  it  to  a  blacksmith  shop 
to  be  tempered. 
If  there’s  no  hurry, 
though,  a  rest  answers  just  as  well,  and 
after a  month  or so  the  iron  is  as  good 
as  ever. ”

C ourtesy  and  Business.

“ Do  you  think  there 

is  too  much 
courtesy  mixed  with  business  nowa­
days?”

No;  I  think  we  ought  to  mix  more 
less 

courtesy  with  our  business  and 
business  with  our  courtesy.

R E A D Y   TO  W EAR

TRIM M ED

F E L T S

In  all  the  new  shapes  for  Ladies 

and  Misses.

Prices  from  $6 00  to  $21.00  per 

dozen.

Write for samples  and  prices.

Corl,  Knott &  Co.

Jobbers of  Millinery 
Grand Rapids, Michigan

M ICH IGAN   TRADESM AN

i l

P.  Steketee  &   Sons

Wholesale  Dry  Goods

Grand  Rapids, 

Michigan

Everything in Staple Dry  Goods

FREE 

C
#

 

FREE

DESCRIPTION s

8-Day Calendar Clock. 

11 

Cathedral  Gong. 
Half Hour Strike.

Barometer. 
Thermometer. 

Perpetual  Calendar.

6-Inch  Dial.

24  Inches  High.

J ,

DESCRIPTION  OF 

CIGARS:

Uncle Josh Weathersby 
Packed 50 in Cedar Box. 
Havana  Cuttings,  No 

Dirt,  No  Dust.

Free from Artificial Flavor. 

\y2  in. PerfectoShape.

King  Cotton  Cigars 
50  in  Box.  Long  Filler. 

4 yi  in.  Length. 

Connecticut  Wrapper. 

Embossed  Label. 
Free  Smoker.

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All high-grade goods of the  best ma­
terial and  finish at popular prices.

An  Early  Purchase

Of  handkerchiefs  for  the  holiday  trade  is 
good  business  policy  because  you  get  the 
pick  of  the  assortment.  Besides  a  very large 
line  of  the  regular  numbers  we  have  as pretty 
a  lot  of  the  embroidered  edge  as  you  ever 
saw.  The  higher  priced  ones  all  put  up  in 
boxes  of  a  dozen  each.

>ri

Prices,  45c,90c,  $1.25,  $2.00,  $2.25,  $3.00  and  $4.50  per  dozen. 

Wholesale  Dry Goods,

Grand  Rapids, Mich.

Voigt,  Herpolsheimer  &  Co.,

We  Give You  This  Handsome  Clock  Because  We Want You to

Push  Our  Cigars
ue 
If not, you would  possibly object  to 
Maybe you have never handled them. 
ordering one or two thousand  cigars  of  which  you  know  nothing.  This is 
why we  have decided  to allow you to place a  small  order first.  We feel con­
fident you will  push our goods when  you see and appreciate their  value and 
the large orders will  come later.

Give your cigar  or  grocery  jobber’s  salesman  an  order  for  200  Uncle 
Josh or  King Cotton cigars at $3  50 per hundred and we will send you  FR E E  
this handsome 8-day, perpetual, calendar clock, fully guaranteed by the big­
gest clock  manufacturers  in  the world

The  clock  is  handsome  enough  to  suit  the  most  fastidious,  the  case 
being of  polished  oak, handsomely  finished exactly as shown  in  the  illustra­
tion  The barometer  is constructed  with the  utmost care on  scientific  prin­
ciples and  forecasts the weather with  remarkable accuracy.  The thermom­
eter  is of standard  make and  is guaranteed  to be correct

The  trusts’  method  of  advertising  is  through  newspapers  and  on  bill 
boards, our method is to give value  received to the dealer.  We will  not ship 
over two clocks to one customer as our  supply  is  limited  and  we  desire  to 
give each dealer the  benefit  of  our  offer.  Order  through  your  jobber  200 
cigars and get a  clock  free;  2 clocks with  400.

References:  R  G.  Dun,  Editor of Tradesman.
KELLEY  CIGAR  CO.,  Chicago,  III.

You keep Cigars.  Why don’t you get some you can’t "keep?”

ADVANCE
CIQARS

Don’t think  they  are  cheap,  they  are  not.  Why?  Because  they  are 

good.  “Good” articles are never cheap.  TRY  THEM.

THE  BRADLEY  CIGAR  CO.,
Mfrs  Improved  HAND  “W.  H.  B.”  MADE 
GREENVILLE, MICH. 

10 Centers.

RIGHT  NOW

Is the time  to lay  in  a  fresh  stock  of 
spices  as prices  are  sure  to  advance 
with the coming of the canning season.
The  N.  R.  &   C.  brand  of  spices  are 
the  best  manufactured  and  con­
form  with  the pure food laws of Mich­
igan  in every  respect.  Made  only  by

NORTHROP,  ROBERTSON  &  CARRIER

LANSING.  MICHIGAN

W

J

12

Butter  and  Eggs

R ela tion   o f  E g g   R u les  and  Insp ections 

R eceipts.

We  seem  to  be  in  a  peculiar  position 
in  regard  to  egg  grading. 
It  is  prac 
tically  impossible  to  find  any  conside 
able  quantity  of  Western  eggs  which 
our  egg  inspector  will  grade  as  “ firsts 
(not  to  speak  of  “ extras” )  and  it  ap 
pears  that  during  the  past  summer  we 
might  as  well  have  had  no  egg  rules  at 
all  for  all  the  good  they  have  done  i 
facilitating  public  and  private  sales.

It 

is  very  evident  that  the  intentions 
of  the  Egg  Committee  of  the  New  York 
Produce  Exchange  have  been  thwarted 
in  some  way.  Surely  it  was  never  in 
tended  by  that  committee  to  specify  re 
quirements  as  to  quality  which  could 
not  be  met  at  any  season  of  the  year 
and 
is  evident  that  they  have  set 
down  words  describing  these  require 
ments  which  compel  a  more  stringent 
grading  than  they  intended,  or  else  that 
their 
inter 
preted  in  a  more  stringent  manner  than 
they  intended.

specifications  are  being 

it 

We  are  now,  and  have  been  all  sum 
mer,  getting  a  number  of  marks  of  eggs 
which  are  candled  and  quite  closely 
graded  before  shipment.  These  eggs 
lose  but 
little  and  while  they  are  of 
course  not  free  from  the  effects  of  hot 
weather  they  are,  relatively  to  the  sea 
son  and  to  the  general  run  of  receipts, 
of  very  nice  quality  and  continually 
sought  for 
in  the  best  class  of  trade 
Just  n >w  when  average  prime  to  choice 
lots  of  Western  eggs  are  selling  at  a 
range  of  I3^ @ i5^ c  at  mark  and  when 
thousands  of  cases  are  going  at  I2@i3c 
and 
fancy 
i6}^@iyc 
marks  are  promptly  taken  at 
at  mark.  And  yet  receivers  tell  me  they 
would  not  dare  offer  these  goods  under 
the  rule  as  “ firsts.”

the  best  of  these 

lower, 

M ICH IGAN   TRAD ESM AN

in  the  spring. 

would  be  perfectly  justified  in  the  sum 
mer  in  including  among  the  percentage 
of  eggs  thus  described  many  which  he 
would  he  equally  justified  in  throwing 
out 
Furthermore  the 
qualifying  word  “ reasonably”   may  be 
supposed  to  refer  to  the  specifications 
“ strong”   and  “ sweet”   as  well  as  to  the 
term  “ full,”   thus  giving  technical 
jus 
tification  for  the  exercise  of a little com 
mon  sense.

But  at  the  most  I  can  see  necessity 

for  no  further  change  in  the  wording 
the  rules  than  to  open  the  door  for  the 
exercise  of  reasonable  judgment  on  the 
part  of  the  inspector.  How  would  it  do 
to  describe  the  percentage  of  standard 
eggs  as  “ reasonably  fresh,  full,  strong 
and  sweet  for  the  season  when  offered. 
Something 
like  this  would  compel  the 
exercise  of  judgment  on  the  part  of  the 
nspector,  and  throw  the  burden  of  di 
satisfaction  with  his  work  upon  him 
personally,  instead  of  upon  an 
imper 
sonal  egg  rule  which  can  not  by  any 
possibility  be  made  so  as  to  meet  every 
change  in  conditions  from  season to sea 
son  without  providing  for  the  exercise 
of 
intelligent  discretion  on  the  part  of 
the  egg  inspector.— N.  Y.  Produce  Re 
view.

Dressing:  C hicken s  F o r  M arket.

GRAPES— Direct  from  Grower

Large  crop.  All  varieties,  finest  quality,  honest packing. 
Prompt  shipment. 
Season  Sept.  1  to  Nov.  1.  Order 
your  grapes  direct  from  grower and get them fresh.  Fruit 
picked  and  shipped  same  day  as  receipt  of  order.

Wm.  K.  Munson,  Fruitgrower, 

Citizens Phone 3599- 1. 

- 
Rural Route No. 4

Grand  Rapids,  Mich.

Clover,  Timothy,  Blue  Grass, 
Orchard  Grass,  Rep  Top.  etc. 

Quality  Good.  Right  Prices. 

Send  us  your  orders.

M ICH IG A N   P E A C H E S   NOW  IN  M A R K ET

MOSELEY  BROS.

Jobbers  of  Fruits,  Seeds,  Beans  and  Potatoes

26,28,30,32  Ottawa  Street 

Grand  Rapids,  Michigan

I  F.  C U T L E R  &  S O N S ,  Ionia, M ich .

WHOLESALE  DEALERS  IN

B U T T E R ,   E G G S   A N D   P O U L T R Y ,

Write or wire for highest cash price fjjJ^^vourstatior^

Branch  Houses.

New York, 874 Washington st.

Brooklyn, 225  Market avenue.

ESTABLISHED  1886.

References.

State Savings Bank, Ionia. 
Dun's or Bradstreet's Agencies.

to  command 

In  raising  chicks  for  broilers  they 
should  be  hatched  as  early  in  the  sea 
son  as  possible, 
good 
prices. 
I  prefer  hatching  with  incuba 
tors  to  using  setting  hens.  Early  chick 
are  often  chilled  when  running  with 
hens,  while  with  a  good  brooder,  it  i 
easy  to  raise  the  chicks,  and  they  soon 
reach  1%  to  2 lbs.  weight,  and  are  read, 
for  market.  To  bring  a  good  price,  they 
must  be 
good  and  plump,  neatly 
dressed,  and  have  yellow  legs  and  skin 
I  have  never  seen  the  time  when  we 
could  not  dispose  of  more  broilers  than 
we  could  raise  on  our two poultry  plants 

GRASS
SEED,
PRODUCE,
FRUIT,
ETC.

[ POULTRY, EGGS, ETC.

We handle everything in the  line of  Farm  Prod­
uce  and  Field  Seeds.  Our  "Shippers’  Guide,”  or 
“Seed  Manual” free on application.
Established g84  TflE  KELLY  CO.,

Cleveland,  Ohio.

References:  All mercantile agencies and Park National Bank. 

^ “WANTED:  1,000 Bushels White Rice Pop-Corn.

j  Vinkemulder  Company

Jobbers of

Fruits  and  Vegetables

The  Main  Idea  or  object  of  this  advertisement  is  to  let  you
know we are in business,  this  kind  of  business, 
and  induce you to write to  us—send  us  your  orders,  perhaps.  We’ll  take 
chances on  pleasing you so well that you  will  want  to  continue  sending  us 
your orders.  We make right prices.  We ship  good  goods.  We  want  you 
to know it.  You can  have our weekly  market  forecast  and  price  list  for 
the  asking.

Peaches,  Plums,  Pears and  Apples  are  now  coming  in  fine.

We can  furnish from a bushel to a carload.

1  submit,  and  doubtless  the  w’hole 
egg  trade  will agree,that  this  is  a  ridic 
ulous  state  of  affairs.

If  everybody  knew  just  what  the basis 
of  inspection  was,  and  that  the  propor­
tion  of  passable  eggs  was  always  to  be 
judged  from  a  spring  standpoint,  per­
haps 
it  should  make  little  difference. 
Theoretically  it  is  immaterial  whether 
the  standard  of  judgment 
is  lowered 
during  the  hot  summer  weather  and  the 
name  of  the  grade  kept  the  same,  or 
whether  the  standard  is  kept  up  and  the 
hot  weather  eggs  called  by a name lower 
in  the  grade  of  quality.  But  practical­
ly 
it  is  much  more  confusing  to quote 
qualities  relatively  equal  by  differently 
named  grades  from  one  season  to  an­
other;  it  is  the  universal  opinion  of  the 
egg  trade  that  “ firsts”   should  at  all 
seasons 
those  average  prime 
grades  of  eggs  which  are  acceptable  to 
the  better  class  of  trade  and  that  the 
finer  qualities  of  Western  candled  and 
graded  should,  if  properly  packed,  be 
covered  by  the  term  “ extra.”

include 

For  my  part  I  can  see  little  reason 
why  this  should  not  be  the  case  under 
the  present  egg  rules,  although  a  slight 
change  might  let  the  inspector  out with­
out  causing  him  to  exercise  much  free 
judgment.  So  far  as  I  can  learn  the 
failure  to  pass  relatively  fancy  marks 
as  firsts  comes  from  the  provision  that 
they  must  contain  a  certain  percentage 
(now  65)  of 
full, 
fresh, 
strong  and  sweet  eggs.

reasonably 

intended  these  always 

Now  I  don’t  believe  the  egg  com­
mittee 
to  be 
judged  by  a  spring  standard  of  fresh­
ness,  fulness  or  strength.  The  terms  are 
inspector
relative  anyway 

the. 

and 

ittle  practice,  it 

and  get  good  prices,  too.
In  killing,  I  hold  the  bird  firmly  by 
the 
legs  and  tips  of  wings  to  prevent 
struggling.  With  a  fine-bladed,  sharp 
knife,  I  open  the  large  vein 
just  back 
of  the  ear,  allowing  the  bird  to  bleed 
freely,  and  making  as  small  an  opening 
as  possible.  Then  quickly  remove  the 
feathers  from  those  parts  which  are  the 
easiest  torn,  on  breast,  the  shoulders, 
thigh 
joints  and  rump.  Then  remove 
rest  of  feathers  and  pin-feathers.  With 
is  easy  to  get  the 
feathers  off  without  tearing  the  skin  be 
fore  the  bird  is  wholly  quiet.  By  pick- 
ng  as  soon  as  possible  after  sticking, 
the  feathers  come  easily,  and  there  is 
'  ttle  tearing. 
is  almost  impossible 
to  have  the  bird  dress  well  if  you  wait 
until  the  body  cools  before  removing 
the  feathers  from  the tender  parts.  The 
ird  must  bleed  freely  or  the  blood  will 
settle  under  the  skin,  and  give 
it  a 
bluish  tinge.  After  the  feathers  are  re­
moved,  wash  the  body 
in  cold  water, 
clean  off  all  the  blood  about  the  head 
and 
in  the  mouth ;  scrub  the  legs  and 
toes  with  a  small  brush.  Hang  the  bird 
p  to  drain,  as  laying  it  down  rubs  the 
skin  off,  and  spoils 
its  appearance. 
Leave  the  head  on  for  selling  to  mar­
ket.  A  well-dressed  bird 
looks  very 
tempting  and  will  sell  better  than  one 
half  done.

It 

For  market,  I  do  not  draw  birds,  but 
remove  the  crop,  if  it  contains  food. 
I 
think  the  White  Wyandottes  as  good 
poultry  as  any  other  variety,  if  not  bet­
ter.  There  are  no  dark  pin-feathers, 
and  the  bodies  are  always meaty.  Fowls 
are  dressed  in  the  same  manner  that  we 
dress  chicks. 

Charles  Marshall.

W H O L E S A L E   G R O C E R Y   T R A D E .

Its  Progress  D a r in g   th e  P ast  Seventeen 

Y ears.

The  subject  suggested  by  the  Trades­
man,  * * Progress  of  the  Wholesale  Gro­
cery  Business  of  Michigan  During  the 
Past  Seventeen  Years,”   is  so  compre­
hensive  and  extensive  in  its  scope  that 
the  entire  number  of  the  paper  might 
be  devoted  to  it  without  exhausting  its 
possibilities;  but  regard  for  other  con­
tributors  requires  that  the  article  be 
confined  and  so  it  shall  suffice  only  to 
illumine  one  or  two  of  the  corners  of 
this  many-sided  question.
Seventeen  years  is  a 

long  time  and 
jhas  seen  the  wholesale  grocery  business 
•completely  revolutionized,  and  at  no 
other  period  in  the  history  of  this  dis­
tinctly  American  institution— for  I  be- 
jlieve  we  are  the  only  country  in  the 
¡world  with  these  advanced  depots  of 
[distribution—has  the  change  been  so 
¡great. 
So  swift  has  been  the  progress 
|of  events  in  this  line  of  activity  that

M ICH IGAN   TRADESM AN

13

figuring  profits.  Then  the saving in time 
has  proved  a 
large  consideration  with 
the  retailer,  who  buys  closely  and  en 
deavors  to  keep  his  stock 
in  shape 
without  overloading.  The  growth  and 
grocery 
advancement  of  wholesale 
houses  in  smaller  cities  has  made 
it 
possible  for  the  nearby  dealer to  buy 
anything  he  wants  from  them  at  prices 
quoted  by  the  large  institutions  of  New 
York  or  Chicago,  save  a  few  impor­
tant  cents  per  hundred  on  the  freight, 
and  have  his  goods  delivered  in  a  much 
shorter  time.  The  equality  system  of 
distribution 
is  no  more  a  theory,  but  a 
well-tried  system  of  distribution  ac­
cepted  by  both  buyer  and  seller  as  a 
correct  and  practical  plan.

A  notable  factor  in  the  progress of  the 
wholesale  grocery  business  in  the  past 
seventeen  years 
is  the  traveling  man. 
In  times  gone  by  the  retailer  visited  the 
house  or  ordered  by  mail,  which  would 
now  be  most  inconvenient  considering 
the  frequency  with  which  his  purchases 
are  made.  Now  the  house  goes  to  him 
through  its  representative  each  week  or 
so,  and  where  it  used  to  be  difficult  for 
him  to  keep  posted  and  buy  as  he  de-

MICHIGAN  STATE

« á í F A I R ^

The  State  Fair  begins  its  Second  Half  Century  this 
year. 
It  has  been  working  for  fifty  years  for  the  im­
provement  of  the  industrial  interests of Michigan and is, 
therefore,  worthy  of  public  support.

Every  effort  will  be  put  forth  this  year  to  make  the
FIFTY-FIRST  ANNUAL  FAIR 

A  SUCCESS

IN  EVERY  PARTICULAR

large 

he  who  sleeps  but  for  a  single  moment 
will  find  himself  distanced and forgotten 
by  his  one-time  contemporaries.

It  has  been  said  that  the  wholesale 
grocer  is  rapidly  becoming  merely  a 
broker,  or  producers’  agent.  This  does 
not  imply  a  surrender  of  standing  or 
importance  in  the  great  chain  of  com­
mercial  life,  but  means  that  the  whole­
saler  must  conform  to the  modem 
idea 
of  distribution;  and,  while  we  may  all 
denounce  the 
combinations  of 
capital  as  illegitimate  commercial  off­
spring  and  deplore  their  growing  mas­
tery  of  the 
industrial  situation,  yet  we 
can  not  argue  them  out  of  existence  nor 
alter  the 
inexorable  commercial 
laws 
which  have  brought  them  into  life.

The  past  decade  has  seen  the  whole­
sale  grocery  business  localized.  Retail­
ers 
in  this  line  of  trade  are  buying  as 
near  home  as  possible.  Many  good  rea­
the  cause  of  this. 
sons  have  been 
Freight  rates  have  a  share 
the 
change,  for  margins  are  so  small  for  the 
retailer  as  well  as  the  wholesaler  that 
each  unconsidered  and  supposedly 
in­
significant 
item  of  the  good  old  days 
has  swelled  to  unheard-of  importance  m

in 

informa­
sired,  he  now  is  flooded  with 
tion  by  the  eloquent  and 
industrious 
salesman  who  visits  him  so  frequently. 
The  distribution  of  goods  through  sales­
men  has  grown  enormously  in  the  past 
and 
is  growing  daily  in  proportion  to 
the  total  sales ;  and  any  house  that  is 
not  careful  in  the  selection  of  its  repre­
sentatives  and  does  not  keep 
them 
constantly  at  command  of all  informa­
tion  pertaining  to  the  business,  but  re­
lies  on  past  reputation,  is sure  to  be  left 
in  the  race  for  commercial  supremacy. 
The  traveling  salesman  is  the  right  arm 
of  the  wholesale  grocery  business  more 
emphatically  than he is in any other line. 
He  keeps  the  retailer 
in  touch  with  the 
producing  and  distributing  factors of the 
world  of  commerce  and  represents  the 
wholesaler  more  thoroughly  than  ever  in 
the  past  and  has  become  almost  indis­
pensable  to  the  retailer.

In  conclusion  I  would  say  that  the 
wholesale  grocery  business  of  Michigan 
is  on  a  better  and  more  substantial 
basis  than  ever  before  and,  with  a  con­
stantly  increasing  population,  our  pros­
pects  are  eminently  satisfactory.

Wm.  C.  Phipps.

O 
O 
O 
O 
o

W e  ask  the  readers  of  the  Tradesman  to  give  us  their 
help.  Remember  the  dates,

SEPTEMBER  24,  25,  26,  27,  28

GRAND  RAPIDS,  MICH.

*   *   HALF  FARE  ON  ALL  RAILROADS  *   *

P.  ANDERSON,  President, 
M.  P.  ANDERSON,  President, 

Midland.

C. W.  YOUNG,  Treas.

Paw  Paw.

L. J.  RINDGE, Vice-President

Grand  Rapids.

EUGEN E  FIFIE LD , Gen’l  Supt. 

Bay City.

H.  H.  HINDS, Chief  Marshal, 

Stanton. 

I.  H.  B U TT E R FIE LD , Sec’y,

Agricultural College.

Business Committee,  EU G EN E  FIFIELD ,  H.  H.  HINDS and  SEC’Y.

M ICH IGAN   TRADESM AN

Clothing

S u ggestions  P ertin en t  to  th e  F a ll  Term

o f  School.

felt  in 

S ep tem b er  m arks  the  b e gin n in g of the 
the  ch illin ess  of 
fall  season.  A lrea d y 
fa ll  begin s  to  be 
the  air,  the 
people  who  h ave  been  on  vacations  are 
reap p earin g  w ith   bronzed 
from 
th eir  sum m er  outings,  the  notes  o f  the 
school  bell  are  heard  a gain ,  and  youn g­
sters  w ith  tear-begrim ed   faces  are  seen 
m ak in g  th eir  reluctant  journey  school- 
wards.

faces 

*  *  *

Business  again  becomes  active,  fall 
stocks  are  being  unpacked  and  made 
ready  for  shelves  and  windows,  and  the 
trimmer  is  preparing  to  put  into  exe­
cution  some  of  the  schemes  he  has 
thought  out  during  the 
idle  summer 
is  the  time  for  him,  if  he 
days.  Now 
has  never  done  it  before,  to  begin  to 
keep  a  systematic  account  of  his  trims, 
their  nature  and  general  character and 
their  general  result  in  helping  the  sale 
of  goods.  By  making  such  a  record  he 
keeps  himself  from  getting 
into  ruts, 
he  is  able  to  study  the  taste  of  the  pa­
trons  of  his  establishment,  and  he  is 
often  enabled,  at  a  pinch,  to  make  up 
a  rush  trim  from  a  combination  of  parts 
of  old  successful  trims  that  is  better 
than  he  would  otherwise  be  able  to  put 
up.

*

*  

*  

Of  course,  he  has  utilized  the  dull 
summer  months  in  having  old  fixtures 
repaired  and  cleaned,  in  buying  neces­
sary  new  window  fixtures,  and  then  tak­
ing  a  careful  inventory  of  the  material 
with  which  he 
is  to  do  his  fall  work. 
He  has  had  window  stands  made,  he 
has  his  ideas  for  fall  mapped  out  and 
he  is  prepared  with  both  ideas  and  ma­

terials  to  do  his  share  in  the  selling  of 
goods.  If  he  has  not  done  these  things, 
now  is  the  time  to  do  them,  before  the 
bustle  and  drive  of  fall  trade  make 
it 
impossible.

*  *

appropriate. 

the  children 

As  this  is  the  time  when  pare  ts  are 
fitting  out 
for  school, 
trims  of  children’s  clothing  are  partic­
ularly  useful  and 
An 
effective  trim  can  be  made  by  cover­
ing  the false backing  of the window with 
a  piece  of  black  cloth  framed 
like  the 
ordinary  school  blackboard,  with  cray­
ons  in  the  trough  and  a  low  platform 
below.  On  the  blackboard  is  printed  in 
a  scrawling  childish  hand  the  multipli­
cation  table,  some  simple  exercise,  or 
perhaps  some  reference  to  the  goods  on 
exhibition.  Standing  in  a  row  before 
the  blackboard  are  children  dummies, 
dressed  in  school  clothing,  or  a  single 
figure,  pencil  in  hand,  is  placed  facing 
the  blackboard.  The  front  of  the  win­
filled  with  children’s  school 
dow 
low  stands,  with 
clothing,  placed  on 
pricecards  attached. 
childish 
caricature  might  be  drawn  on the black­
board  if  a  touch  of  humor  were desired, 
and  a  small  boy  in  a  dunce’s cap placed 
prominently  forward.

Some 

is 

*  *  *

Another 

treatment  of  the  window 
might  be  had  by  representing  a  mother 
leading  her  little lad  to  school,equipped 
with  new  books  and  bag.  The  figures 
should  be  placed 
in  the  center  of  the 
window,  with  other  children’s  figures 
grouped  about  them,  or  surrounded  by 
clothes  variously  displayed.  Or,  if  fig­
ures  are  not  available,  school  books  and 
materials  could  be  depended  on  to  give 
character  to  the  trim. 
If  a  school  desk 
could  be  had,  one  comer  of  the  window 
couid  be  occupied  by  a  young  student

If 
seated  and  absorbed  by  his  lesson. 
shoes  are  kept 
in  stock,  good,  stout 
school  shoes  for  boys  could  be  made  a 
part  of  the  trim.

*  *  *

The  opening  of  the  school  season  will 
suggest  other  ideas  that  can  be  made 
humorously  or  seriously  appropriate  as 
may  be  desired.  School  supplies  given 
in  connection  with  sales  of  children’s 
clothing  are  always  attractive.

In  line  with  the  many  mannish  things 
that  ladies  are  wearing,  the  snaffle  bit 
buckle  is  one  of  the  newest.  This  is  a 
belt  buckle,  reproducing  in  every  detail 
the  regulation  bit  used  in  driving,  only, 
of  course,  on  a  small  scale.  The  sev­
eral  patterns  of  bits  are  shown,  giving 
quite  a  variety  to  the 
These 
buckles  are  nickel-plated  and  highly 
polished,  or  of  bright  sterling  silver.

idea. 

The  consumption  of  ribbon  to-dav  is 
greater than  at  any  period 
in  the  his­
tory  of  the  United  States.  While  the 
jobbers are  not  buying  much,  preparing 
to  reduce stock,  which  in  every  instance 
are 
in  staples,  the  retailers  al­
most  without  exception  are  re-assorting 
to  keep  the  ball  rolling.

larjge 

For  Filling in

Make your  fall  line  of  Men’s 
Clothing  complete.  We 
have  on  hand,  ready  to  ship 
on  immediate  notice,  prac­
tically  complete 
lines  of 
Men’s  Suits  and  Overcoats. 
Our  prices  will  please  you.

eevvenri

Voorhses  Mfg.  Go.

L A N S IN G ,  M ICH .

We  manufacture  a  full  line  of
J ack ets,  O veralls 

and  B row n ie  O veralls

W e  make  a  specialty  of  mail  order 
business  and  shall  be  pleased  to 
send  you  samples  and  prices.
We  sell  the  trade  direct  and  give 
you  the  benefit  of  the  salesman’s 
salary  and  expenses.

The  Adler 

Reversible  Vest

Two  Vests  in  One

H a v e  Y o u   Seen   It?

This  is  the  greatest  clothing  success  of  the  day;  is 
made  of  suit  fabric  on  one  side,  fancy  vesting  ’on 
the  other,  giving  the  wearer  Two  Vests  combined 
in  one.  Adler  suits  are  equaled  by  no  other  make. 
Compare  them  with  whatever line  you  handle  and 
our  story  is  told 
The  Reversible  Vest  is  sold 
with  S u i t s   O n l y ,  retailing  at

$12.50  to  $22.00

------- Interested  Dealers-------

Samples  on  application.

May  have  a  complete  line  of  samples.  W e  send  our  Large  Sample  Book  on  application.  Fill  out  Blank  and  mail  to  us.

David  Adler &  Sons  Clothing Co  ,

Please send by prepaid express your fall and  winter book of samples.

Milwaukee,  Wisconsin.

Name..........................................

Tow n....................................

S ta te ...............

Clothier or  General  Store....

M ICH IGAN   TRADESM AN

W A L L   F IN IS H E S .

W herein T h e y  A r e  to be  Preferred to W a ll 

Paper.

The  subject  of  proper  coatings  or 
coverings  for  walls  and  ceilings  is  a 
much  more  important  one  than the aver­
age  householder,  either  landlord  or  ten­
ant,  usually  considers  it  to  be.

fact, 

is  an  admitted 

That  walls  otherwise  good  may  be 
practically  spoiled  by  the  use  of  cheap 
temporary  kalsomines,  stuck  on  with 
glue, 
to  which 
many  walls  both  in public buildings and 
private  residences,  with  their  rubbing 
and  scaling  surfaces,  are  silent  wit­
nesses.  Walls once  in  this  condition  can 
only  be  remedied  by washing and scrap­
ing.  The  washing  is  usually  only  par­
tially  done,  particles  of  the  old  mate­
rial  remaining  to  cause subsequent coats 
to  quickly  scale  off. 
If  scraped,  the 
process  of  scraping  usually  disfigures 
the  walls  with  seams  and  scratches  so 
that  they  are  never  in  perfect  condition 
again.

at  one  time  health  officer  of  Chicago, 
brands  it  as  a  nasty  practice.

Next  to  this  practice,  the  habit  of  us­
ing  a  common  kalsomine,  stuck  on  the 
walls  with  glue,  comes  in  for  its  share 
of  condemnation.  Lime  whitewash  is 
considered  far  preferable  to  either  of 
the  methods  suggested  above,  but 
is 
open  to  the  serious  objection  of  scaling 
off,  although  sanitary  in  its  nature.

With  this  statement  of  what  should 
not  be  used  on  walls  and  ceilings,  the 
question  seems  very  pertinent:  What 
can  we  use  with  safety?
The  answer  is  this: 

If  wall  paper, 
under  no  circumstances  apply  one  coat 
over  the  other,  or  never  apply  a  new 
coat  until  the  old  one  has  been  removed 
and  the  walls  carefully  washed.  Do  not 
use  a  wall  paper  which  contains  pois- 
onous  material 
its  composition  or 
coloring.  The  question  that  arises  as  to 
how  the  purchaser  is  to  determine  this 
is  not  an  easy  one  to  answer,  for  the 
reason that  poison  is  not  peculiar  to any

in 

ready  for  use  by  mixing  with  water,  but 
of  an  entirely  different  nature,being— as 
claimed  by  the  manufacturers— a  dur­
able coating  made  from  a  base  of  itseif. 
a  cement  and  not  at  all  dependent  on 
glue  for  a  binder.  The  merits  of  these 
goods  being  well  advertised,  Alabastine 
at  once  came 
into  the  market 
and  from  that time  until  the  present  has 
practically  monopolized  the  trade  for 
ready  prepared  goods.  Many  changes 
and  improvements  have  been  made 
in 
the  goods  within  the  last  quarter  of  a 
century  and  many  competitors 
in  the 
line  have  sprung  up.

largely 

The  Diamond  Wall  Finish  Co.  was 
organized  by  the  late  Freeman  Godfrey, 
Frank  L.  Noble  and  their  associates  i 
about  1883.  A  little  later  the  Anti-Kal- 
somine  Co.  was  organized,  all  of  which 
are  doing  more  or  less  business,  so  that 
Grand  Rapids  may  well  be  considered 
the  wall  coating  city.

For  cheap, 

ready  prepared  kalso­
there  are  many  manufactured, 
mines, 
but  no  material  can  be  accepted  as  dur­
able  until 
it  has  established  its  claim 
by  years  of  actual  test  on  the  market 
and  on  walls  and  ceilings.  Then,  and 
only  then,  can  such  a  material  demon­
strate  that  it  is  worthy  to  enter the  cate­
gory  of  eminently  proper  wall  coatings 
and  be  conscientiously 
recommended 
to  consumers  who  want  the  best  there  is 
in  the  line. 

James  L.  Hamilton.

Whitney,  Christenson 

&  Bullock

Clothing  Manufacturers 

Chicago,  III.

15
The  Jiational 

Safe apd 
Lock Co.

Manufacturers  of

Fire  and  Burglar-Proof 
safes, Vault  doors, Safety 
deposit  boxes,  etc.,  etc.

Write  us  for  cuts  of  our

S35  and  $45

Safes,  or  anything  else  that  you 
may  desire,  and  see  what  we  can 
do  for  you.  Our  prices  make  it 
expensive  for  you to buy elsewhere. 

129  Jefferson  Ave.,  Detroit,  Mich.

Walter Baker & Go. Ltd.
(7 ft 
7 L  

T h e  O ldest  and  L argest
M  anufacturers  of

D O R C H E ST E R ,  M ASS.

PURE,  HIGH  GRADE
Cocoas and
Chocolates

Trade-Mark.

I  will  be  at  Sweet’s  Hotel,  Grand 
Rapids,  during  the  State  Fair  with  the 
Whitney,  Christenson  &  Bullock  cele­
brated  line  of  Suits,  Pants,  Overcoats 
and  Ulsters and  will be  pleased  to  meet 
all  my  customers  who  may  be  in  town. 
Expenses  allowed  all  customers  who 
place  orders.  Prices  reduced  on  many 
things.

S.  T.  B O W E N .

ON  THIS  CONTINENT.

Their preparations are put up in 
conformity to  the  Pure-Fooa 
Laws of all the States.

G rocers  will  find  them   in  the  long  run 
the  most  profitable  to  handle,  as  they are 
absolutely  pure  and  o f  uniform   quality.

The above trade-mark on  every package.

W alter  Baker  & C o .  Ltd.

Established  1780. 

D O R C H E ST E R ,  M A88.

Butter Wanted

I  will  pay  spot  cash  on  receipt of  goods  for 
all  grades of butter, including packing stock.
n  
98 South  Division  Street,
w »   H «   L l O U j r y  
Grand  Rapids,  Mich.

U  

I  

A  still  more  serious  side  of  the  ques­
tion  is  the  menace  to  health,  particular­
ly  of  women  and  children,  who spend so 
much  of  their  time  indoors,  from  the 
use  of  poisonous  and  unsanitary  wall 
coatings.  The  question  of  a  durable 
and  at  the  same  time  a  sanitary  cover­
ing  that  will  produce  a  variety  of  beau­
tiful  effects,  thus  adapting  itself  to  the 
manipulations  of  the  artist  and  the 
pocket  book  of  the  party  having  the 
work  done 
either  plainly  or  extrav­
agantly,  is  of  much  importance  to  all. 
As to the sanitary feature of the question, 
many  of  the  most  eminent  sanitarians 
throughout the  country  have  been  vigor­
ous  in  their  denunciations  of  the  quite 
prevalent  practice  of  applying  repeated 
layers  of  paper  one  over the  other,  with 
an 
intervening  layer  of  paste,  and  in 
many  cases  poison  used  in  the  manu­
facture  of  paper,  as well  as  the  stopping 
of  wall  respiration,  as  Professor  Kedzie 
calls 
it,  which  he  claims  to  be  so  nec­
essary  to the healthy wall.  Dr.  DeWolfe,

particular  grade  or 
colored  paper, 
and  it  would  seem  as  though  that  was  a 
chance  all  must  take  who  are  not  able 
to  submit  samples  for  a  chemical  an­
alysis.

If  a  wall  coating  is  to  be  used,  by  all 
means  use  one  that  is  durable  and  san­
itary,  of  which  there  arc  such.

In  this  connection  a  brief  history  of 
the  wall  coating  business  may  be  of  in­
terest.  Twenty-five  or thirty  years  ago 
and  prior  to  the  advent  on  the  market 
of 
Johnson’s  dry-sized  kalsomine—a 
whiting  and  glue  kalsomine  put  up 
in 
dry  form  ready  for  use  by  mixing  with 
water— no material  of  this  nature  and  in 
this  form  had  been  sold  as  an  article  of 
commerce. 
in  a 
ready  prepared  mixture  of  this  nature, 
Johnson  soon  secured  a  large  trade  and 
sold  those  goods  not  only  at  home  but 
abroad.

Being  the  pioneer 

Later  came  the  organization  of  the 
Alabastine  Co.  and  the  manufacture  of 
Alabastine,  similarly  put  up,  which  is

16

B A N K IN G   INTERESTS.

M a m - I o n s   I n c r e a s e   in   N u m b e r   o f   B a n k  

a n d   C a p it a l  E m p lo y e d .

At  the  commencement  of  the  Civi 
War,  less  than  forty  years  ago,  Michi 
gan  had  hut  four  banking  corporations 
These  four  banks  had  altogether  a  cap 
ital  of  less  than  $500,000 and  deposits  of 
about  an  equal  amount.  The  State 
was  largely  dependent  upon  other  state 
and  Canada  for  its  circulating  medium, 
as  well  as  for  the  capital  necessary  to 
carry  on  business. 
To-day,  after  a 
lapse  of  less  than  fourdetades,  the State 
can  boast  of  275  chartered  banks,having 
a  combined  capital  and  surplus  of  $30, 
602,630  and  deposits  amounting  to  the 
very  large  sum  of  $152,920,000.  These 
figures  are  of  such  magnitude  that  even 
in  this  day  of  fabulous  sums  we  fail  to 
really  appreciate  all  that  they  indicate 
We  doubtless  realize  that  there  has  been 
great  progress  in  all  departments  of  in 
in­
dustry  and  that  wealth  has  rapidly 
creased,  but  when  the  money 
in  the 
hands  of  the  people  multiplies  so  enor­
mously  we  find  ourselves  without  the 
ability  to  comprehend  all  of  its  signifi­
cance.  Much  the  greater  portion  of  this 
accumulation  has  come  into  the  posses­
sion  of our  citizens  during  the  last  half 
of  the  period  referred  to.

In  this  brief  article  I  desire  only  to 
call  the  attention  of  your  readers  to  the 
remarkable  progress  that  has  been  made 
in  monetary  conditions  since  you,  in 
a  modest,  unassuming  manner,  placed 
before  the  people  of  Michigan  the  first 
number  of  the  Tradesman.  You  doubt­
less  entered  upon  the  work  of  issuing 
such  a  publication with considerable  ap­
prehension,  as you  were  entering  upon  a 
comparatively  new  field.  The enterprise 
then  undertaken  has  proved  to  be  a  val­
uable  one,  I  trust,  for  the  interests  of 
the  publishers,  as  I  am  confident  it  has 
been  to  the  business 
interests  of  the 
State.

In  1883,  the  year of  your  first 

issue, 
there  were 
in  Michigan  one  hundred 
and  nineteen  banks  chartered  and  do­
ing  business  under  the  State  and  Na­
tional  laws.  The  combined  capital  and 
surplus  of  these  banks  amounted 
to 
$18,601,000.  The  deposits  held  by  them 
at  that  time  were  $47,375,910.  This  in­
crease  from  almost  zero  in  twenty  years 
seemed  to  us  at  the  time  large  and 
highly  encouraging.  We  had  passed 
through  a  Civil  War  covering  a  period 
of  four  years  and  through  the  panic  of 
1873  and  the  succeeding  years  of  great 
depression.  No  wonder  the  State  felt 
it  had  cause  for  congratulation  at 
that 
that  time.  But 
looking  over  the  later 
period  covered  by  your  history,  we  are 
strongly  reminded  of  the  fact  that  ac­
cumulations  of  property 
its  many 
forms  comes  to  a  State  in  proportion  to 
the  character  and  quality  of  its  natural 
resources,as  well  as  the  intelligence  and 
probity  of  its  citizenship.  I  know  of  no 
State  in  all  of  our  wide  domain  pos­
sessing  such  a  diversity  of  natural  re­
sources  and,  while a  large  share  of  these 
resources  has  gone  to  enrich 
other 
states,  especially  during  the  last  twenty 
years,  our  own  people  have  not  only 
been  able  to  produce  wealth  from  our 
soil,  forests  and  mines,  but  to  retain 
it 
also,  otherwise 
it  could  not  be.that  the 
surplus  represented  in  our savings banks 
and 
in  the  commercial  banks 
would,  as  it  does,  show  an 
in 
seventeen  years  of  over  one  hundred 
millions  of  dollars.  The  exact  figures 
taken  from  the  official  reports  of  1900 
are  as  follows:

increase 

also 

in 

1883,  capital  and  surplus,  $18,601,000.

the  first 
in  the  character of  its  popula­
tion,  its  schools,  its  eleemosynary  insti­
tutions,  its  business  enterprises  and  re­
ligious  activities.  To  be  one  of  the 
factors  in  the  development  of  such  a 
State  has  been  the  privilege,  as  it  has 
been  the  aim,  of  the  Michigan  Trades­
man.

depositor and  $392  for  each  depositor  in 
1899.

The  State,  as  well  as  the  Nation,  was 
never  more  favored  than  now ;  its  peo­
ple  were  never  so  intelligent nor  so gen­
erally  prosperous.

Harvey  J.  Hollister.

We  have 

just  witnessed  the  close  of 
a  marvelous  year  in  our  foreign  trade. 
One  year  ago  we  rejoiced  exceedingly 
when  the  value  of  our  exports  reached 
$1,227,000,000.  We  were  more  than 
happy  in  1897  when,  after  a 
long  and 
trying  period  of  business  depression, 
the  exports  reached  the  sum  of  $1,000,- 
000,000,  but  the  fiscal  year  ending  June 
30,  1900,  makes  a  still  higher  record, 
for  the  exports  stand  at  $1,400,000,000, 
while  during  the 
last  six  months  over 
eight  hundred  new  banks  have  been  or­
ganized.  The  aggregate  balances  of  the 
last  four  years  show  a  balance  in  our 
foreign  trade of  $1,980,000,000,  which  is

There  are  a  great  many  things  that 
are  necessary  to  be  done  in  a retail store 
that  can  best  be  performed  early  in  the 
morning  before  the  customers  begin  to 
come  in.  For  this  reason,  although  I 
do  not  advocate  that  stores  should  open 
for  business  earlier than  the  usual  hour, 
still  it  is  well  to  insist  that  all  the  em­
ployes  be  very  prompt  in  getting  there 
at  the  appointed  time  and 
immediately 
get  to  work.

The  asphalt  beds  of  Utah  are  said  to 
be  worth  a  cool  billion  dollars.  They 
cover  an  area  of  10,000 acres  and  are 
100  feet  deep. 
.

. 

M ICH IGAN   TRADESM AN

1900,  capital  and  surplus,  $30,602,630, 

an  increase  of $12,001,630.

the 

1883,  deposits,  $47,375,910.
1900,  deposits,  $152,920,500.
This shows  an  increase during  the  last 
seventeen  years  of  $105,544,590. 
It 
would  be  quite  impossible  for  anyone to 
designate  all 
factors  that  have 
caused  this  enormous  increase  of  money 
now  possessed  by  our  people;  still  more 
impossible  is  it  to  realize  the  change 
wrought  in  the  real  condition  of  the  av­
erage  family  and  community—the  snug 
home,  the  ability  to  travel, 
to  have 
books  and  enjoy  the  thousand  and  one 
things  which  go  to  make  up  a  happy, 
peaceful  and  contented  people. 
It  is 
undoubtedly  a  fact  that  there  is  no State 
the  Union  where  there  are  so  few 
rented  farms,  where  so  many  of  those 
engaged 
in  our  varied  industries  own 
and  occupy  their  homes.  Certainly  this 
s  true  of  the  city  where  you  have  made 
your  history.  Michigan  stands  among

more  than  five  times  the  balance  in  our 
favor during  one  hundred  and  six  years 
— from  1790 to  1896.

it  had 

In  1880  the  total  money  in  circulation 
in 
was  $973,382,000;  in  1899 
creased 
to  $1,904,071,000,  or  nearly 
double  in  less  than  twenty  years.  The 
increase  of  deposits  seems  still  more 
wonderful;  the  deposits  of  the  savings 
banks  in  1880 were $819,106,000;  in  1899 
the  same  class  of  deposits had  increased 
to $2,230,366,000,  ora  sum  greater than 
is  held  by  the  savings  institutions  of 
Great  Britain,  Germany,  Russia,  France 
and  Italy  combined.  This  fabulous  in­
crease  of  more  than  fourteen  hundred 
millions  of  dollars  has  come  to  the 
thrifty,  saving  people  of  this  country  in 
less  than  twenty  years  and  is  laid  away 
for  a  “ rainy  day.”

The  number  of  depositors  in  the  sav­
ings  bank  of  the  country  in  1880  was 
2» 335» 582;  in  1899  there  was  5,687,818 
— an  average  of  $357  in  1880  for  each

A
L
A
B
A
ST
IN
E

T h e   A l a b a s t i n e   C o m ­
p a n y ,  in  addition  to  their 
world-renowned  wall  coat­
ing,  A L A B A S T I N E  
through  their  Plaster  Sales 
Department,  now  manufac­
ture and  sell at lowest prices, 
in  paper or wood,  in  carlots 
or less,  the  following  prod­
ucts:

Plasticon

The  long  established  wall 
plaster 
formerly  manufac­
tured and  marketed  by  the 
American  Mortar Company. 
(Sold with or without  sand. )

N.  P.  Brand of Stucco

The  brand  specified  after 
competitive  tests  and  used 
by the Commissioners for all 
the World’s  Fair statuary.

Bug  Finish

The  effective  Potato  Bug 
Exterminator.

Land  Plaster

Finely ground and  of  supe­
rior quality.

For lowest prices address

Alabastine  Company,
Plaster Sales Department

Grand  Rapids,  Mich.

It Surely Pays to-

'M c ljW H L A N

¿/N/VEH5/TY

jt   jt

The  Proof:

3*o  Students  of 

this  popular 
school  have  accepted  and are hold­
ing  paying  positions  since  Janu­
ary,  1898.

j*  jt

We  occupy  9,000  square  feet  of 
floor  space  entirely  devoted 
to 
Commercial  and  Shorthand  sub­
jects. 
Beautiful  Rooms,  Best 
Teachers,  Best  Methods,  Best  Re­
sults,  Largest  School.

Handsome  catalogues  free.

jt

D.  McLachlan  &  Co.,

19*25  So.  Division  St.,

Grand  Rapids,  Michigan.

M
M
A
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A

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M ICH IGAN   TRADESM AN

1 7

g m i j 1

We  will  be  at  the  State  Fair  at  Grand 
Rapids with the following  lines:  Smalley  line 
of feed and ensilage cutters,  Lehr line  of  culti­
vators and  land  rollers,  Lansing  wagons  and 
buggies, and our  new  line  of  5-tooth  cultiva­
tors.  W e should be pleased to meet all dealers 
in the  State.

Lansing,  Mich.

Yours respectfully,

TH E   CE N T R A L  IM PLEM ENT  CO.

(ESTAgJgH ED ISgl

GRAND RAPIDS, MICH.

Store and 
House  Lighting

For  the  perfect  and  economical 

lighting  of  dwellings  as  well  as  stores 

The  Imperial  Gas  Lamp  fills  the  bill. 

It  is  also  safe,  being  approved  by  In­

surance  Boards.  The  Imperial burns 
common  stove  gasoline,  gives  a  100 

candle  power  light  and  is  a  steady, 
brilliant  light,  with  no  odor  and  no 

smoke.  Every  lamp  is  fully  guaran­

teed,  and  it  is  made  in  various  styles 

suitable  for  different  purposes.  The 

Imperial  Gas  Lamp  makes  the  ideal 

light  for  Lodge  Rooms,  because  it 

can  be  burned  as  low  as desired;  does 

not  smoke,  and 

is  perfectly  safe. 

Write  for  Illustrated  Catalogue.

THE  IMPERIAL  OAS  LAMP  CO.

13a  &  134  East  Lake  S t.,  Chicago,  111.

Our Vinegar to be an A B S O L U T E L Y  P U R E  A P P L E  JUICE V IN ­
E G A R .  T o  anyone  who  will  analyze  it  and  find  any deleterious 
acids, or  anything that is not produced from the apple, we will forfeit

ONE

RS

W e  also  guarantee  It  to  be  of  full  strength  as  required  by  law .  W e  w ill 
prosecute  any  person  found  using  our  packages  for  cider  or  vinegar  without  first 
rem oving  all  traces  of  our  brands  therefrom.

j . Robinson, Manager. 

Benton  Harbor.Michigan

S

f

l M

CU  Q

o  u

1 
We Will 
Not Cheapen  | 
Our Vinegar  §

by  impairing  the  qual-  Z 
ity. 
•
One  standard  —   th e  
best— all  the  time.
Equal  to  any  and  bet­
ter  than  the  majority 
of  the  vinegars  offered 
you  to-day.

I  GENESEE  FRUIT  CO.,  Makers,  Lansing,  Mich,  f

m rnm m m m

S E AL

The  Guarantee  of  Purity  and  Quality 
in Baked Goods.  Found on every pack- 
age of our goods.
Good  goods  create  a  demand  for them- 
selves. 

It  is  not  so  much  what  you  •—

^   make  on  one  pound. 

It’s  what  you

make in the year. 
National  Biscuit  Co.

^ - ^ 5

Grand  Rapids,  Mich.

T U im m m r

1 Ô

T H E   A M E R I C A N   M IL L E R .

U ndou bted  C h ie f o f  a ll  th e   W o rld ’s  Food 

Providers.

You  may  safely  accept  this  to  be  a 
fact,  for  it  has  been  proven  so  on  many 
a  hotly  contested  field  in  the  world’s 
great  flour  markets:  That,  given  entry 
duty  free  into any country  on  the  face  of 
the  earth,  the  American  miller  can  suc­
cessfully  meet  and  eventually  overcome 
any  competition  of  whatever  kind,  from 
whatever  source,  he  may  find  there.

No  market 

is  an  impossible  one  to 
the  American  flour  maker  unless  he  be 
shut  out  from  it  by  a  prohibitory  tariff. 
Geography and  distance  make  no  differ­
ence  whatever.  Modem  transportation 
methods  have  made  the  whole  commer­
cial  world  the  kingdom  of  the  man  who 
dares.  Given  the  consumption  of  a 
product  at  one  point,  the  supply  at  an­
other,  and 
if  the  tonnage  be  sufficient 
to  make  it  worth  while,  the  carrier  can 
It 
and  will  make  the  connecting  rate. 
is  all  a  question  of  tonnage. 
If  enough 
is  offered,  no  man  can  yet  tell 
freight 
how  cheap 
it  is  possible  for  a  railway 
to  haul  it.

M ICH IG A N   TRAD ESM AN

fest  in  the  many  treaties  made  whereby 
wheat  is  taken  free  and  flour  is  barred 
out  by  prohibitory tariffs.  There is hard­
ly  an  United  States  consul  who  will  not 
fatuously  congratulate  himself  on  the 
imports  of  American  wheat  into his  dis­
trict,  ignoring  the  flour  trade  entirely, 
and  failing  to  realize  that  the  purchases 
of  our  wheat  mean,  not  development  of, 
but  actual 
loss  to  this  nation.  Wheat 
exports  itself.  Any  country  made  capa­
ble  by  nature  of  raising  the  cereal  can 
sell 
it  abroad,  but  it  takes  brains,  and 
energy,  and  progressiveness,  and  capi­
tal,  and  labor  to  make  and  export  flour, 
and  the  country  doing  so  is  reaping  the 
full  benefit  of  the  industry  of  its  peo­
ple.  The  late  James  G.  Blaine  was  ap­
parently  the  only  Secretary  of  State  we 
ever  had  who  was  astute  enough  to  rec­
ognize  the  difference  to  this  country 
between  the  mere  export  of  wheat  and 
the  export  of  the  products  of  wheat.  He 
showed  this  appreciation  in  every  com-

I  believe,  however,  that  we  are  too 
enlightened  a  nation  to  allow  this  grand 
opportunity  to  escape  us.  I  am  an  opti­
mist  as  to  the  future  of  the  American 
miller,  and  I believe  that  he  will  realize 
to  the  fullest  extent  the  benefits  of  our 
country’s  closer  commercial  relations 
with  the  Orient,  and  that,  if  he  has  half 
a  chance,  he  will  allow  no  other  miller 
on  earth  to  take  from him  this new  trade 
which  is  just  beginning  to  develop.

That  problematical  and  long-expected 
person,  the  Siberian  miller,  will,  if  he 
appears  at  all,  come 
into  the  Asiatic 
trade 
long  after  the  American  has  ex­
ploited  the  market.  Unless  the  carriers, 
by  a  continuation  of  the  stupid  and 
short-sighted  policy  which  they  are  now 
pursuing  toward  the  American  flour  ex­
in  discriminating  against  flour 
porter 
and 
in 
for  export  to 
Europe,  should  insist,  in  the  matter  of 
Oriental  trade,  in  giving  the  Chinese 
miller of  the  future  a  very  great  advan-

favor  of  wheat 

for 

therefore, 

The  American  miller’s  strength  lies 
in  these  facts:  That,  of  all  the  world’s 
flour  makers,  he  can  make  better  flour 
cheaper than  anyone  else ;  he  can  make 
it  in  larger quantities  than  anyone  else, 
and  his  carriers  can  handle  it 
less 
money.  He  makes  the  best  flour ;  he 
makes  it  more  economically ; he  handles 
and  sells  it  to  the  best  advantage,  and 
he  is  accustomed  to 
large  transactions 
of  an  international  character.  Of all  the 
world’s  food  providers, 
the 
American  miller  is to-day the undoubted 
chief.  Given  a 
free  market,  and  no 
arbitrary or artificial discrimination,  and 
he  can  vanquish  distance,  climb  moun­
tains, 
traverse  plains, 
cross  oceans,  meet  prejudices,  over­
come  customs,  and  by  virtue  of  the 
in­
trinsic  merit  and  cheapness  of  the  food 
he  offers  and  his  own  enterprise,  lay  it 
down  anywhere  on  earth,and  fairly  beat 
the  local  miller  in  his  own  field.  Every 
bag  of  wheat  flour  which  is  eaten by  the 
citizen  of  a  foreign  land  and  which  has 
not  been  made 
in  an  American  mill 
represents  a  loss  to  the  consumer.

ford  streams, 

full  destiny 

The  American  miller  will  not  accom­
plish  his 
in  the  world’s 
economy  of  things  until  every  bushel  of 
wheat  raised 
in  the  United  States  is 
ground 
into  flour  before  it  leaves  our 
shores.  This  would  speedily  come  about 
if  the  carriers  did  not  discriminate 
in 
rates  against  the  manufactured  product 
and  in  favor of  the  raw  material  to  the 
extent  they  do.

Every  bushel  of  unground  wheat  ex­
ported  from  the  United  States stands  for 
a  wasted  opportunity,  and  represents 
a  loss  to  the  farmer,  the  miller,  the  car­
rier  and  the  consumer.  Yet  it  is  diffi­
cult  to  convince  either  the  carriers  or 
our own  Government  of  this 
fact.  The 
carriers,  by  giving  cheaper  rates  to 
wheat  than  to  fluur,  help  the  precious 
raw  material  to  escape  from  us  before 
we  have  utilized  it  to  the  nation’s  best 
advantage,  and  give  our  competitors  the 
best  club  they  possess— cheap  American 
wheat  with  which  to  fight  us  in  their 
markets.

The  Government  seems  blissfully  un­
conscious  of  the  fact  that  it  makes  a 
vast  difference  whether,  like  partially 
developed  countries,  such  as  Russia 
and  Argentine,  we  allow  our  wheat  to 
escape  us  unground,  or,  as  a  fully  de­
veloped  country  should,  we  turn  it  into 
flour ourselves,  thereby  getting from  the 
crop  its  maximum  profit.  This  is  mani-

mercial  treaty  made during his adminis­
tration.

How  does  this  affect  the Oriental  flour 
trade?  To  this  very  great  extent :  That 
if  our  Government  will  cease  to  content, 
itself  with  advancing  the  export  of 
wheat  and  will  rather  encourage  and aid 
the  export  of  flour;  if  our  carriers  will 
not  take  our  wheat  to  the  Orient  at  a 
rate  less  than  our  flour,and will  give  the 
American  miller a  fair  chance  to  manu­
facture  for  the  Asiatics,  we  will  build 
up  an  enormous  Oriental  trade,  other­
wise,  we  may merely  act  as  a  storehouse 
for  raw  material,and  only  sell  the  wheat 
which  will  be  ground 
into  flour  else­
where  to  our  loss.  As  to  the  demand  for 
flour  which  the  future  is  to  bring  from 
the  Orient  there 
is 
rather a  question  whether  this  flour  is  to 
be  made  here  or  by  the  Asiatic  mill  of 
the  future*  This  depends  on  the  policy 
of  the  carrier  and  the  attitude  and  in­
fluence  of  the  Government.

is  no  doubt. 

It 

tage  over  his  American  competitor,  the 
miller  on  the  spot  will  have  no  show 
whatever  against  the  miller  who  grinds 
close  to  the  source  of  supply.  Asiatic 
flour  mills,  for  many  reasons  unneces­
sary  to  state,  can  not  hope  to  compete 
with  American  mills  unless heavily  sub­
sidized  by  tyeir governments  or  helped 
to cheaper  raw  material  by  the  discrim­
inating  carrier. 
It  seems  improbable 
that  either advantage  will  ever  be  given 
them.  Hence,  for  all  that can  be  seen  to 
the  contrary,  this  new  field  lies  before 
the  American  miller to  be  occupied  by 
him  if  he  has  the  necessary  energy  and 
courage  to  do  so.

The  first  question  is,  does  the  Asiatic 
demand  for  flour  really  exist?  The  sec­
ond,  who  in  the  future  is  to  develop and 
supply  it?

In  1893,  the  Northwestern  Miller  and 
a  then  well-known  Dakota  flour  mill 
sent  an  experienced  man  to  Japan  and 
China  for  the  purpose  of  looking  into

the  flour trade.  For  the  mill,  he  was  to 
establish  practical  buying  connections, 
if  possible ;  for the  Northwestern  M il­
ler,  he  was 
instructed  to  simply  bring 
an  answer  to  this  question,  “ Will  it 
pay  a  Chinaman  to  sell  his  rice and  buy 
American  flour?”   The  messenger  re­
turned  after  a  trip  of  five  months.  He 
did  some  business  for  the  mill,  and  the 
answer  he  brought  to  the  Northwestern 
Miller  was  that  American  flour  would 
cost  the  Chinaman  but  half  as  much  as 
rice.  He  said,  “ The  matter  of  economy 
alone 
furnishes  a  strong  incentive  for 
the  Chinese  to  use  American  flour.”   Of 
course, 
in  the 
way,  but  that  the  trade  was  there  await­
ing  development  and  encouragement 
there  could  be  no  doubt.  At  that  time 
the  one 
important  factor  entering  into 
the  question  was  the  cost  of  transporta­
tion  from  the  point  of  manufacture  to 
the  Pacific  coast.  He  predicted  a  great 
and  growing  flour  trade  with  Asia,  and 
believed  that  the  large  Minnesota  mills 
could  share 
if  they  cared  to  put 
forth  the  necessary effort.  Since then  the 
Asiatic  flour 
than 
doubled,  showing  the  soundness  of  his 
prophecy;  but,  as  yet,  the  mills  of Min­
nesota  have  not  made  any  serious  move 
to  obtain  a  share  of  it.

there  were  difficulties 

has  more 

trade 

in 

it 

Here, 

in  round  numbers,  are  the  fig­
ures  given  by  the  Government  showing 
the  exports  of  wheat  flour,  in  barrels, 
to  Hong-Kong,  other  Asiatic  ports  and 
Japan:
.............................................................. 
1888 
.............................................................. 
1889 
..............................................................  
1890 
.............................................................. 
18 91 
1892 
.............................................................. 
1893 ................................................................................  
1894 
.............................................................. 
1896................................................................................  
1896 
1897 
1898 
1899 

408,000
418,000
553,000
597.000
520,000
631,000
698,000
958,009
..............................................................  1,004,000
..............................................................  1,235,000
..............................................................  1,172,000
..............................................................  1.650,000
In  ten  years  this  trade  has  increased 
about  fourfold,  and  yet  these  figures, 
large  as  they  seem,  are  nothing  com­
pared  to  what  they  will  be  when  the 
market  is  properly  and  fully  developed, 
or  even  when  it  is  as  partially  exploited 
as  our  present  European  flour  market. 
These  figures  merely  demonstrate  that 
the  Asiatic  is  a  consumer  of  American 
flour;  that 
it  pays  him  to  eat  it,  and 
that,  even  to  the  crude  rudimentary 
efforts  already  made,  he  is  responding 
with  marvelous  alacrity.

Exception  may  be  taken  to  my  char­
acterization  of  these  efforts  as  crude and 
rudimentary.  They  certainly  are  such, 
however,  compared  to  the  work  done 
by  American  millers 
in  British  and 
continental  markets,  where  they  have 
successfully  fought,  not  only 
inferior 
food,  but  the 
intelligent  and  advanced 
competition  of  foreign  millers.

Evidently  the  demand 

for  flour  in 
Asia  does  exist  and  is  growing;  the  fig­
ures  show 
it.  The  question  as  to  who 
will  in  the  future  develop  and  supply  it 
is  still  to  be  answered.

Originally  California  had  a  monopoly 
of  the  Chinese  flour  market.  As  long  as 
this  was  so,  as  the  export  figures  show, 
the  trade  was  of  moderate  amount. 
When  the  mills  of  Oregon  and Washing­
ton  entered  the  field  the  figures began  to 
grow.

We  were  told  ten  years  ago  that  the 
Chinese  flour trade  was  limited  at  best; 
that  a  few  San  Francisco  mills,  after 
assiduous,  patient  and  very  expensive 
cultivation,  had  secured  all  there  was  of 
it,  and,  in  short, 
it  was  hardly 
worth  going  after.  Many  millers  were 
quite  content  to  accept  these  statements 
at  par  and 
it  go  at  that,  but  the 
millers  of  Oregon  had  a  mind  to  find  an 
outlet  for  their  product  in  China,  and

that 

let 

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'T 'H IS   is the  season to  sell  Flower  Pots.  You  want  them  and 
1   we have them  at the right  prices.  Our  goods  are  first  class 
in every particular.  We are centrally  located  on  two  main  lines 
of  railroad and  can  furnish  Michigan trade  in  shorter time and  at 
lower freight rate than any other factory  in  the  country.  We  re­
spectfully solicit  a trial  order and will be pleased to mail catalogue 
if you  will drop  us a card.

Ionia  Pouoru 60.,

To the Retail  Merchants:

f t
f t
f t
f t
f t
f t
f t

f tm
f t&

Ionia,  Mich.

L e t  us  quote  yo u   prices w hen 

in  w an t  o f

W rapping  Paper, 
Twine,
W oodenware, 
Chim neys, 
Stationery  and
School  Supplies

S T A R   P A P E R   C O M P A N Y

KALAMAZOO,  MICHm

e^9 

e^9 

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FREE!  GIVEN  AWAY!

DETAILED  SELF-ADDING  SOLID  NICKEL  CASE

CASH

REGISTER

T O   T H E   T R A D E :

W ith   l.ooo of our best ¡¡-cent cigars at $39.00 per  M  ,  w e  w ill 
send  free  a  solid  nickeled  case,  Detailed  S elf  A dding  Cash 
R egister,  equal  to  registers  heretofore  sold  for  $175  an‘l  u p ­
ward.
The  Cigars  are Equal  to  Any  5-Cent Cigar  on  the  Market.

Term s:  30 days,  less 2  per cent.  10 days.

Description  of Cash  Register.

Size,  21  inches  high,  17  inches  deep  and  19  inches  wide. 
W eight,  85  lbs.  Solid  nickel  case  of  handsome  design.  T a b ­
lets display  from both front and  rear.  T h e  money  drawer  is 
highly polished  inside.  Both the exterior  and  interior  of  this 
machine  are  the  best  that  can  be  produced.  W arranted  for 
five years.  A ll  the w ork  is  done on  w heels,  and  it  sets to zero 
with a key in a moment’s time.  T h e tablets are large  and  con­
spicuous—a black figure on a w hite enameled  background.  W e 
have  tw o  styles  of  keyboards.  W hen  ordering  please  state 
if you use  penny keys or w hether 5 cents  is the lowest  denomi­
nation you  use.

This  is  a  Stupendous  Offer,  and  Many Who Read This 

Advertisement  will be  Incredulous.

D o  not be influenced  by  agents  of  high  priced  registers,  but send for one of our registers and  .,000  C igars  at  $39.  Then  compare 

ahing

if registerfs  not  equal

OUR  GUARANTEE

T o   any  responsible  merchant  in  the  United  States  w e  w ill  ship 
both  register  and  cigars  on  seven  days’  trial. 
If  the cigars are  not 
satisfactory  or  you  do  not  consider  the  register  equal  to  any  that 
the  National  Cash  R egister  Co.,  o f  Dayton,  Ohio,  sells for  $175.  you 
can  return  both register and cigars to us.  Remember $39 includes both 
the cash register and cigars.  W h y  pay $ 17s  for  a  cash  register  when 
you can g et one free?  Sign  and  return  the  order blank ana  the  goods 
w ill  g o   promptly  forw ard  on  seven  days’  trial.  The  “ W orld”   is co v ­
ered  by five  U .  S.  patents. 
It  does  not  infringe  on  other patents.  W e 
protect users against infringem ent  by our written  guarantee.  We  are 
responsible.  H ave  been  in  Dusiness  here for  15 years.  Rated  in Brad- 
street’s  M ercantile A gen cy  at  $30,000,  and  refer  you  to  any  bank  or 
business  house  in  this  city.  Don’t  buy  or  accept as a premium any 
cash  register until you  have  tried ours  seven  days.

Don’t  pay five times the  value of a Cash Register, when  you  can  get 
one equal  to the best  F R E E   w ith  1,000 of our Best 5c C igars, w hich are 
sent  on  approval,  to be returned if you  do  not  consider  them  equal  to 
any  5c C igar on  the m arket, as  per terms o f guarantee.

ORDER  BLANK
Detroit  Tobacco Co.,  Detroit,  M ich. 

Ship as soon as  possible 

1,000 cigars at $39 per thousand, 
including one cash register 

Term s:

$19.50  30  days
19.50  60  days
--------
S39.00

If goods do not suit,  I agree to  return  same  to  you 
on  or  before  seven  days  from  date  they  are  received 
from  transportation  company. 
If  goods  are  retained 
after above  mentioned  time, it  shall  constitute  the  a c­
ceptance of same,  and  I  w ill remit as  per  above  terms. 

Signature of purchaser.

T o w n ..
County

1 I F  

&   A .  B A A S *  

j f c

PHMtOitUS. 
DRUGS,  PATENT  MEDICINES,  W A LLPAPER,

ur.AU’lt  IX—»

Paints, Oils,  Glass,  Books,  Stationery,  Periodicals,  Etc..

CL

A c /  

1

\S   £**

eu

e tic h e

^  

ClXC*- 

A 

S  

A ^ ¿ 2^ 44«^

^ytru A  y   ^

We  have on file  Hundreds of letters similar  to the above  from  every 

State  in  the  Union.■  r v o l ,  FILL  OUT  AND  SEND 

" U a y   t h e   ORDER  BLANK.

M ICH IG A N   TRAD ESM AN

F E U T   B O O T   M A N U F A C T U R E .

O n ly  T w o   o f  th e  O rig in a l  F actories  S till 

in   Existence.

We  wish  to  congratulate  you  on  your 
eighteenth  anniversary  and  wish  you  a 
continuation  of  prosperity.  We  have 
watched  the  growth  of  your  paper  from 
year  to  year  and  believe  you  are  wide 
awake  and  up  to  the  times.  Your  in­
terest  in  the  welfare  of  the  community 
is  appreciated,  we  believe,  and  our 
judgment 
is  based  upon  your  growth 
and  su  cess.

The  felt  boot  industry  is  one  of  which 
not  much  is  known  or  that  can  be  writ­
ten  about,  hecause  plants  are  so  few 
in 
this 
line  that  they  do  not  create  many 
enquiries  or  much  interest.  The  local 
company  here 
is  the  oldest  and  largest 
one  in  this  country  and  was  the  first  to 
manufacture  these  goods  in  the  United 
States  to  any  great  extent.  To  give 
you  an  idea  of  the  growth  of  the  busi­
ness,  we  would  say  that  during  the  past

the  farmers.  To-day  85  per cent,  is  sold 
among  the  farmers  and  15  per  cent,  in 
the  lumber  country.  The  material  used 
in  felt  boots  twenty  years  ago was raised 
almost  entirely 
in  Colorado  and  New 
Mexico.  To-day  75  per  cent,  of 
it 
comes  from  Russia  and  the  East  Indias 
and  the  other  25  per  cent,  from  the 
States  above  named.

The  quality  of  wool  that  was  used 

in 
1880  is  to-day  from  4  to  5  cents  per 
pound  cheaper  than  it  was  then  and  is 
to-day  worth  only  about  2  to  3  cents  per 
it  was  when  we  had 
pound  more  than 
free  wool,  so  that  a 
farmer  who  is  to­
day  raising  wool  and  wearing  our  boots 
is  buying  them  now  for 
less  than  half 
what  he  was  paying  twenty  years  ago. 
On  that  basis  a  farmer  who  should  sell 
all  his  wool  to  the  wool  bootmaker  and 
spend  his  money  for  wool  boots  is better 
off  to-day  than  he  was  at  that  time.  Our 
goods  are  sold  to-day  about  as  cheap  as 
they  were  when  there  was  no  duty  on

2 0

in  not  accepting 

the  returns  demonstrate  that  they  were 
right 
fairy  tales  for 
facts.  For  developing  an  export  flour 
trade,  there 
is  nothing  to  be  compared 
to  spirited  competition.

We  are  now  told  that  there 

is  no 
money 
in  the  Oriental  flour  trade ;  that 
its  extent  is  greatly  overestimated ;  that 
Eastern  mills  are  for  some  unknown 
reason  debarred  from  entering  it,  and 
that  only  Pacific  coast  millers  can  ever 
it.  Many  millers, 
expect  to  control 
averse  to  effort 
in  new  channels  and 
yielding  to  conservatism  of  mind,  are 
quite  willing  to  accept  this  statement 
and  to  continue,  as  of  old,  to  fight  their 
trade  battles  in  familiar  fields,  such  as 
New  York,  New  England  and  Great 
Britain,  where  competition  is  keen  and 
fierce  and  never  ending. 
“ The  sloth­
ful  man  saith,  ‘ There  is  a  lion  in  the 
w ay.’  **

In  China  and  Japan  there  awaits  the 
awakening  an  enormous  business 
in 
this  line.  What  has  been  done  is  merely 
prospecting  in  a  rich  mine— the  surface 
indication  of  what  lies  below.  Who  is 
to  inherit  it?  What  millers  to  come  are 
going  to  make  their  shipments  by  train 
load  to  feed  the  people  of  Asia,  even  as 
those  of  to-day  send  their  flour  to  Eng­
land,  Scotland, 
Ireland,  Holland  and 
other  countries  across  the  Atlantic?

I  do  not  believe  that 

the  Pacific 
coast  mills  are  destined  long  to  control 
it. 
If  the  Minnesota  and  Dakota  mills 
do  not  take  advantage  of  this  oppor­
tunity,  I  verily  believe  that  still  further 
north,  across  the  Canadian  border,  there 
will  come  into  being  flour  mills  which 
shall  base  their  great  development  on 
the  Asiatic  trade  which  they  seized  at 
the  right  moment,  even  as  Minneapolis 
bases  her  milling  supremacy  on  the 
British  export  trade  which  she  began  to 
cultivate  some  twenty  odd  years  ago.

Governor  Washburn,  the 

founder  of 
the  Washburn-Crosby  plant,  was  gifted 
with  prophetic  vision  when  he  told  Mr.- 
Dunwoody  in  1877  that  if  he  could  start 
the  English  people  to  eating  our  flour, 
mills  would  rise  on  the  Falls  of  old  St. 
Anthonv  in  comparison  with  which  the 
greatest  mill  of  that  time  would  seem 
insignificant.  Mr.  Dunwoody  went  to 
England.  He  was  told  to  sell  his  flour 
in  New  York  and  have  it  resold  thence 
to  London;  and  that  Minneapolis  was 
too far  inland  to  ever  do  a  direct  ex­
port  business. 
In  the  face  of  great  dis­
couragement  he  persisted,  and  he 
lives 
to  see  Governor  Washburn’s  prophecy 
realized  and  his  own  efforts  to  introduce 
Minneapolis 
re­
warded.  At  that  time,  the  mills  of  the 
Atlantic  coast  did  an  export  business, 
but  to  develop  and  expand  it  to its pres­
ent  importance 
it  required  the  restless 
energy,the great  capacity  and  the  resist­
less  force  of  a  newly  created  milling 
center  in  what  was  then  the  Far  W’est. 
If  it  had  been  left  to  the  Atlantic  coast 
mills  to  exploit  the  export  flour trade 
with  Europe, 
it  would  never  have 
reached  its  present  magnitude.

flour  abroad 

fully 

To  me  the  Asiatic  flour trade  presents 
an  analogous  case.  The  easy  and  nat­
ural  way  to  supply  it  is  to  rely  on  the 
Pacific  coast  mills;  but 
international 
trade 
is  developed  by  overcoming  dis­
advantages,  by substituting  the  artificial 
for the  natural,  by  the  attrition  of  com­
petition. 
is  men,  and  not  favorable 
and  convenient  natural 
location,  that 
make  great  changes  in  the  commerce  of 
nations. 

William  C.  Edgar.

It 

New  York  produce  dealers  complain 
that  the  receipts  of  apples  are  far too 
heavy  for that  market.

year  the  output  was  about  twenty  times 
i as 
large  as  it  was  twenty  years  ago  and 
the  number  of  hands  required  to  make 
300  cases  of  boots  per  day  is  no  more 
than  was  required  at  that  time  to  make 
one  hundred.  The  process  of  manufac­
turing  has  kept  pace,  we  think,  with 
nearly  every  other  industry  as  to  the 
line  of 
improvement,  for  the  felt  boot 
that  was  manufactured twenty  years ago, 
although  made  of  the  same  grade  of 
wool,  could  not  be  sold  to-day  in  com­
petition  with  the 
improved  product 
which  experience  has  enabled the manu­
facturers  to  produce,  hecause  the  crude 
manner 
it  was  produced  at 
that  time  would  bar  it  out  of  the  market 
at  present. 
It  takes three  cases  of  boots 
to-day  to  bring  as  much  money  as  one 
case  brought  twenty  years  ago  and  these 
goods  are  more  satisfactory  than  they 
were  then.  At  that  time  nearly  all  the 
felt  boots  manufactured  were  sold  to 
I lumbermen  and  were little known among

in  which 

wool  and  the  farmer  is  getting  3  cents 
per  pound  more  for  i t ;  that  is,  for  the 
stock  we  use.

Wool  boots  have  been  used  for  a great 
number  of  years  in  Russia  and  were 
known  there  long  before  they  were  ever 
heard  of  here,  but  they  were  made 
mostly  from  hair  and  worn  without  rub­
bers,  which  can  be  done  where the  snow 
is  very  dry  and  the  weather  very  cold; 
but a  boot  made  from  hair,  when  worn 
in  a  damp  atmosphere,  will  become  wet 
and,  instead  of  being  warm,  is  the  re­
verse.  They  were  manufactured  and 
sold  in  Canada  several  years  before they 
were  here.

There  have  been  many  ups  and downs 
in  this  line.  Many  men  wish  they  had 
never  seen  or  heard  of  a  felt  boot,  for 
of  all  the  concerns  that  have  started  in 
the  manufacture  of  these  goods  in  the 
past  twenty years,  there  are  but  two of 
the  original  ones  in  existence  to-day. 
There  are  really  only  three  exclusive

felt  bootmakers  in  the  United  States 
and  of  those,  two  of  them,  including the 
one 
in  this  city,  started  twenty  years 
ago.  More  than  a  dozen  others  have 
started  up,  but  were  wrecked  from  one 
cause  or  another and  the  ones  that  have 
continued  in  this  line  have  had  some­
times  a  rocky  road  to  travel,  owing  to 
competition  from  tottering  concerns.

is 

just  as  bright 

Twenty  years  ago,  when  the  business 
was  first  started  here,  very  many  people 
thought  it  was  an  affair  that  would  con­
tinue  from  three  to  five  years  and  peo­
ple  would  become  tired  of  wearing 
them  because  they  were  very  clumsy, 
but  they  were  poor  prophets,  for there 
were  sold  last  year,  as  nearly  as  we  can 
estimate,  in the  United  States,  seventy- 
five  times  as  many  goods  as  there  were 
twenty  years  ago,  and  the  farmers  who 
mainly  use  them  wear  them for warmth 
and  not  for  looks.  We  believe  the  fu­
ture 
in  this  line  of 
business  as  the  past  has  been.  They 
are  a  cheap  footwear.  During  the  years 
1893,  1894  and  1895,  when  nearly  all
kinds of  business  were  dull  and  almost 
paralyzed,  this  industry was  a  good  one. 
In  1893  the  company  here  not  only  ran 
every  day,  but  two-thirds of the  year  ran' 
from  twelve  to  sixteen  hours  out  of 
every  twenty-four,  and  could  not  fill 
their  orders,  so  we  have  no  anxiety  as 
to  people  not wanting  them because  they 
are  not  handsome.  The  amount  of  ma­
terial,  independent  of the wool,  required 
to  make  felt  boots 
is  known  to  but  few 
people.  For  instance,  our  hill  for oil, 
soap  and 
in  1899  was  about 
$25,000.

leather 

A  carload  of  wool  to-day  will  shrink, 
when  washed  and  cleaned,  so  that  100 
pounds  will  not  net  over  sixty.  Next 
week  another  carload  of  the  same  qual­
ity  from  the  same neighborhood  may net 
70  pounds  of  good  wool  out  of  the  hun­
felt 
dred,  so  that  in  manufacturing  the 
bootmaker  can  not  figure  often 
in  ad­
vance  within  5  or 6  percent,  of what  his 
goods  are  going  to  cost;  and  the  man 
who  can  strike  it  always  right  has  never 
in­
yet  come  to  the  surface  of  the  wool 
dustry.  The  probability 
is  that  there 
is  no  line  of  business  in  which  it  is  so 
hard  to  determine  where  you  are  going 
to  land  as  the  felt  line.

That 

improving  the  machinery 

is  one  reason  why  75  per  cent, 
in 
of  all  the  concerns  that  have  started 
the 
last  twenty  years  are  to-day  out  of 
the  market  and  the  business  all  in  the 
hands  of  three  or four concerns.  By  con­
stantly 
for 
manufacturing and  thereby  reducing  the 
cost  of  the  product,  the  business  has 
been  kept  fairly  profitable,  yet  we  find 
at  the  end  of  twenty  years  the  trade  is 
taking on  a  peculiar  phase :  Some  of the 
manufacturers  of  rubber boots  and  shoes 
are  beginning  to  manufacture  them  in 
connection  with  their  goods  and  sell 
them  with  their  rubbers,  consequently 
the felt  bootmakers  of  this  city  are  now 
about  to  manufacture  rubber  shoes  and 
sell  their  felts  with  the  rubbers,  the 
same  as  the  rubber  companies  are  do­
ing. 
felt  boot 
industry,  as an exclusive  industry  in one 
factory’,  is  a  thing  of  the  past;  and  a 
man  who  would 
to-day  engage  in  the 
manufacture  of  felt  boots  alone would be 
taking  a  great  risk,  because  the 
leather 
jobbers  now  want  to  buy  felt  hoots  and 
rubbers  together, 
thereby  saving  the 
handling  of  double  quantities  of  cases 
and  many  other  annoyances  that  come 
from  handling  footwear  from  too  many 
channels. 

In  all  probability,  the 

Elbridge  G.  Studley.

St.  Paul 

is  the  fourth  largest  tea  im­

porting  point  in  the  United  States.

>  ^

iMi

V*  *

M ICH IGAN   TRAD ESM AN

21

$ 2,350.00 $

I  N

C A S H   P R I Z E S

For the  Grocers or their  Clerks.

W A TC H   F O R   O U R   PRIZE  CO U PO N S.

They  are  on  every  package  of  The  H-O  Co.’s  Products.

Save  these  Coupons.  Send  them  to  us  on  April  2d,  1901.  No  Sooner,  No  Later.  This  Contest  closes 
positively  on  April  15th,  1901,  when  the  coupons  will  be  counted  and  the prizes awarded.  No  coupons counted 
if  received  after  April  15th.

Points,  Not  Coupons,  Decide  the  Winners.

Coupons  count  either one  or  two  points,  as  marked,  the  discrimination  being  made  in  favor  of  our  more 

recent  articles,  as  per  the  following  list  of

The  H-0  Products

which  shows  the  size  and  number  of  packages  per case  together  with  the  coupon  value  per  package:

Hominy,  Granulated  (24^3  lb.),
Corn  Meal  (24-3  lb.),
Corn  Starch  (36-1  lb.),
Tapioca  (36-1  lb.), 
Farina  (36-1  lb.), 
Genuine  Buckwheat  (25-5  lb.),
Genuine  Buckwheat  (10-10  lb.),
Holgrane  (Entire  Wheat),  (20  5  lb.),
Combination  Cases \  12  Pancake-2  lb.

r
-

- 

f  12  Buckwheat-2  lb. 

(  12  H  0-2  lb.

C O U P O N   V A L U E  

N A M E

C O U PO N   V A L U E

1 
* 
^ 

H-O  Oatmeal  (24-2  lb.),
Self-raising  Flour  (24-3  lb.),

j  Self-raising  Flour  (36-1)^  lb.),

Buckwheat  (24-3  lb.), 
Buckwheat  (36-2  lb  ),
Pancake  Flour  (36-2  lb.), 
“ Injun”  Bread  Flour  (36-2  lb  ), 
Tea  Biscuit  Flour  (36-1)^  lb  ), 
Wheat,  Rolled  (36  Special),

THE  PRIZES  ARE  AS  FOLLOWS:

1  *

The  one  sending  in  coupons aggregating  the 

greatest  number  of  points  will  receive 

The  next  two, 
The  next  ten,

-

$100 
$50  each 
$25  each

The  next  fifty,
The  next  one  hundred, 
The  next  two  hundred, 
The  next  five  hundred,

$10  each 
$5  each 
$2  each 
$1  each

A  Handsome  26-inch  Umbrella

A  s »

will  be  awarded  to  each  and  every  Grocer or  Clerk  sending  in  a  total  of  400 or  more  points  whether  he  wins 
one  of  the  other  prizes  or  not.  No  more  than  one  umbrella,  however,  will  be  given  to  any  one  individual,  no 
matter  what  his  points  may  aggregate.

Bear in  mind this  Contest  Closes  positively  A p ril 15th,  1901.

Hornby’s \ 

Oatmeal  j Company,  Buffalo,  N.  Y.

22

R IV E R   IM PROVEM ENT.

Som e  D ifficu lties  W hich  H ave to be Over­

com e.

I  take  pleasure  in  complying  with  the 
request  of  the  Michigan  Tradesman  to 
famish  for  publication  in  the  anniver­
sary  number  a  short  article  on  the  sub­
ject  of  river  improvement.  The  article 
is  necessarily  limited  in  its  scope  and  1 
can  but  briefly  refer  to  the  usual  meth­
ods  adopted  for  increasing  the  navig­
able  capacity  of  rivers.

Water  that  falls  upon  the  earth’s  sur­
face  continues  to  obey  the  laws  of  grav­
ity  and  flows  along  the  lines  of  least  re­
sistance  toward  the  lowest  level  that  can 
be  reached  by  it.  When,  owing  to  the 
configuration  of  the  surface,  the  lines 
least  resistance  unite,  the  flowing 
of 
waters  unite 
into  a  single  stream ;  and 
as  the  process  is  extended  and  the  area 
drained  becomes  greater,  brooks,  creeks 
and  rivers  are  formed.  The  amount  of 
water  that  flows 
in  a  stream  depends 
primarily,  therefore,  upon  the  extent  of 
the  area  drained,  and  upon  the  rainfall 
over that  area.  If the  surface  of  the  area 
is  relatively 
impervious  to  water  and 
the  slopes  are  steep,  the  effects  of  a  sin­
gle  rainfall  will  be  speedily  apparent 
and  the  stream  will pass rapidly through 
its  stages  of  flood. 
If,  on  the  other 
hand,  the  slopes  are  gentle  and  the  soil 
absorbs  a  considerable  proportion  of  the 
is  received 
rain,  the  supply  of  water 
more  gradually, 
less 
marked  in  intensity  but  longer  in  dura­
tion  and  there 
is  a  more  constant  vol­
ume  of  water  in  the  stream.  There­
fore,  the  adaptability  of  a  riverto  nav­
igation  depends  upon  other  conditions 
than  the  extent  of  its  watershed  and  the 
amount  of  rainfall  thereon,  and  it  fre­
quently  happens  that  what 
is  a  large 
river  at  some  periods  of  the  year  is  an 
insignificant  stream  when  its navigation 
would  be  desirable.  Moreover,  a  large 
volume  of  water  may  flow perennially  in 
a  river  and  the  river  be  unnavigable 
because  of  rapids,  shoals  or  other  ob­
structions. 
In  the  great  majority  of 
cases  rivers do  not  meet  in  their  natural 
condition  all  the  requirements  of  navi­
gability.  Nearly  all  are  navigable  in 
some  sense,  but  few  can  float  freight 
laden  vessels  of  paying  capacity  until 
their  natural  condition  has  'been  im­
proved.

floods  are 

the 

extensive  systems  of 

The  demands  of  commerce  for  cheap 
transportation  of  its  commodities  have 
developed 
im­
provements  on  many  rivers  in this coun­
try  and  abroad.  A  distinct  branch  of 
engineering  has  grown  up  in  planning 
and  executing  these  improvements;  and 
although,  as  in  all  other  engineering, 
success  depends  upon  the  correct  under­
standing  of  natural  laws  and  the  proper 
application  of  natural  forces,  no  other 
branch  offers  so  many  difficulties  and 
in  none  are  the  results  more  uncertain 
or  disappointments  more 
frequent. 
There  are  many  sufficient  reasons  for 
this. 
In  the  first  place,  a  river does 
not  offer  fixed  conditions ;  the  forces  at 
work  are  variable ;  and  the  forces  and 
their  variations  are  subtle  and  difficult 
of  determination.  We  may  apply  the 
precision  of  mathematics  to  the  cons­
truction  of  a  bridge,  but  not  to  the 
im­
provement  of  a  river,  which  is  some­
times  a  quiet  stream,  lazily  discharging 
its  waters 
into  the  sea,  and  at  other 
times  a  rapid  and  powerful  torrent. 
Practically  there 
is  a  new  stream  at 
every  stage  of  the  water.  Again,  no 
two streams  are  exactly  alike,  and  plans 
that  have  met  with  success  elsewhere 
can  not  be  confidently  applied  to  a 
stream  whose 
is  under­

improvement 

M ICH IGAN   TRADESM AN

taken  for the  first  time. 
It  follows  from 
these  difficulties  that  the  accomplish­
ment  of  the  desired  result  is  usually  a 
matter  of  many  years,  and  all  that  can 
be  done  at  first  is  to  collect  data  as  to 
the  characteristics  of  the  stream  and  to 
arrive  at  a  definite  plan  of  improve­
ment  by  tentative  processes.

There 

The  power 

is  a  well-known  property  of 
water  in  motion  which  is  at  once a prin­
cipal  cause  of  the  shoals  and  sand  bars 
that  obstruct  the  navigation  of  rivers 
and  a  frequently  applied  means  of  their 
removal.  This  property 
is  the  power 
of  eroding  the  surfaces  with  which  the 
water  comes 
in  contact  and  of  trans­
porting  the  eroded  material  as  sedi­
ment. 
increases  rapidly 
with  the  velocity  of  the  flow,  and  when 
from  any  cause  the  velocity  is  dimin­
ished,  a  prompt  deposit  of  the  overload 
occurs.  Thus  we  find  the  narrow  por­
tions  of  a  stream  deep,  and  the  wider 
portions  obstructed  by  bars  or  shoals. 
It 
is  an  obvious  expedient  to  contract 
the  width  of  the stream  where  the  shoals 
occur,  and 
to  endeavor  to  give  it  at  all 
points  the  width  corresponding  to  the 
depth  of  water  it  is  the  purpose  to  oh- 
tain.  Systematic 
improvement  of  this 
character 
is  called  regulation,  and  has 
been  adopted  on  many  rivers. 
It  is,  of 
necessity,  a  slow  and  gradual  process, 
for  the  contraction  of  the  stream  at 
one  point  disturbs  the  equilibrium  of 
conditions  at  other  points,  and  new 
irregularities  are 
the 
increased  velocity  which  is  caused  by 
the  contraction,  and  which  in  time  pro­
duces  the  desired  erosion  of  the  shoals, 
is  checked  at  some  point  below,  the 
surplus  material  carried  in  suspension 
is  there  deposited  and  a  new  shoal  is 
formed. 
It  is  only  after  the  stream  has 
been  systematically  improved  through­
out  its  length,  and  its  new  banks  have 
been  protected  from  erosion,  that  a  per­
manent  improvement can be established. 
Another  condition  which  makes  this 
method  of  improvement  difficult and un­
certain  of  success 
is  the  necessity  of 
for the  high  water  discharge 
providing 
of  the  stream. 
It  is  in  the  high  water 
stages  that  most  of  the  erosion  occurs 
and  the  greatest  amount  of  sediment  is 
carried,  and  unless  the  low  water  chan­
nel  is  fortunately  located  in  the  bed  of 
the  stream,  it  is  liable  to  be  disturbed 
and  partially  destroyed  during  every 
pe riod  of  flood.

introduced. 

If 

The  contraction 

is  accomplished  by 
the  construction  of  dikes  of strength  and 
durability  determined  by  the  necessities 
of  the  case.  Where  permanency  is  de­
sired  and  the  expense  is  justified  by  the 
conditions,  stone 
is  used,  a  suitable 
foundation  being  prepared,  frequently 
of  brush  woven  into  mattresses,  to  pre­
vent  erosion  and  undermining  When  it 
is  expected  that  filling  will  promptly 
occurr  behind  the  dikes,  a  less  durable 
and  less  expensive  form  of  dike  is  often 
adopted,  composed  of 
timber  piles 
driven  into  the  bed  of  the  stream,  the 
construction  being  made  sufficiently 
tight  by  weaving  brush  about  the  piles 
so  as  to  form  a  vertical  wall.

There  is  a  difference  of  opinion  as  to 
which  of  two  methods of  contracting  the 
width  of  a  stream 
is  to  be  preferred : 
whether  to  build  a  continuous  dike  par­
allel  to  the  general  course  of  the  cur­
rent  and  located  along  the  line  to  which 
it  is  desired  to  bring  the contraction,  or 
to  build  a  series  of  short  dikes  extend­
ing  from  the  shore  to  the  same  line  and 
approximately  perpendicular  to the  axjs 
of  the  stream.  Advocates  of  the  parallel 
system  claim  as 
its  chief  advantages 
that  the  desired  contraction  is  produced

at  once  and  that  the  water  is  guided 
or  trained into  the  desired channel with­
out  causing  cross-currents  or  other  dis­
turbances.  On  the  other  hand,  it 
is 
claimed  that  the  cross  dikes  are cheaper 
because  they  have  a  less  average  depth 
and  a 
less  aggregate  length ;  that  they 
will  cause  a  deposit  below  them  which 
will  gradually  build  the  shore 
line  out 
to  the  desired  position;  and  that  if  for 
any  reason  it  may  be desirable to change 
the  amount  of  contraction  first  deter­
mined  upon,they  can  be  cheaply length­
ened  or  shortened ;  while  under  similar 
conditions 
longitudinal 
dike  would  have  to  be  abandoned  or 
destroyed  and  an  entirely  new one built. 
As  a  matter  of  fact,  the  two  systems  are 
usually  combined  in  practice,  the  cross 
dikes  being  used  for the  sake  of  econ­
omy  when  the  conditions  are  such  as  to 
make  their  disadvantages  of  small  ac­
count.

original 

the 

the 

increasing 

The  difficulties  attending  the  regula­
tion  of  rivers, 
slowness  of  the 
process,  and 
in  many  cases  the  uncer­
tainty  of  the  ultimate  result,  have  led 
to  the  development  of  an  entirely differ­
ent  method  of  improving a stream.  This 
is  known  as  canalization  and 
method 
the  depths  by 
consists 
in 
raising  the  surface  of  the  water 
instead 
of 
lowering  the  bottom.  This  is  ac­
complished  by  means  of  dams  built  be­
low  the  shoal  places,  locks  being  pro­
vided  in  the  dams  for  the  passage  of 
vessels.  The  proper  height  and  the 
most  advantageous  location  of the dams, 
and  the  length of  the  pools formed above 
each  dam,  are  matters  of  great 
im­
portance  that  can  be  determined  only 
after  a  thorough  knowledge  of  the  char­
acteristics  of  the  stream  under  improve­
ment.  When  this  method  is  practicable, 
it  is  positive  in  its  effects,  and  the  ben­
efits  of  the  improvement  are made avail­
able  at  once. 
is  obviously  limited, 
however,  to  streams  with  comparatively 
high  banks,  unless  the  expense  of  con­
fining  the  pools  by  levees  is 
justifiable. 
Originally,  a  serious  objection  to  this 
method  was  found 
in  the  fact  that  the 
dams  increased  the  liability  to  overflow 
and  impeded  the  navigation of  the  river 
during  periods  of  flood.  This  objection 
has  been  partially  met  by  the  invention 
of  movable  dams,  which  can  be  lowered 
when  their  effect  is  no  longer  desirable; 
but  the  difficulties  attending  their  con­
struction  and  satisfactory  operation  still 
leave  some  weight  to  the  objection. 
Much  skill and  ingenuity  have  been  ex­
ercised  in  designing  movable  dams  that 
are  automatic  in  their  action,  but  suc­
cess  has  been  limited  to  dams  of  rela­
tively  short  span.

It 

Canalization 

resorted  to.  By 

the  same  causes 

is  the  only  method  of 
improving  streams  that  are  obstructed 
by  rapids  or that  have a very steep slope.
As  an  accessory  to  both  regulation 
and  canalization,  dredging  is  often  ad­
vantageously 
itself, 
is  usually  only  a  temporary 
dredging 
expedient,  as 
that 
originally  produced  the  shoals  continue 
their operation. 
In  a  stream  that  car­
ries  but 
little  sediment,  however,  and 
in  which  the  formation  of  shoals  is  a 
slow  process,  a  channel  once  dredged 
out  can  be  maintained  at  a small  annual 
expense;  and  in  such  a  case  it  may  be 
wise,  from  an  economical  standpoint  to 
rely  upon  dredging  for  providing  the 
desired  improvement.

As 

is  well  known  by  the  readers  of 
the  Tradesman,  the  operations  now  in 
progress  for the  improvement  of  Grand 
River  had  their beginning  as  the  result 
of  a  favorable  report  made  by  General 
Ludlow 
in  1892,  upon  a  project  to  se­

cure  a  channel  of  navigable  width  and 
a  depth  of  ten  feet  from  Grand  Haven 
to  Grand  Rapids.  The  examination 
and  survey  upon  which  that  report  was 
based  were  thorough  and  exhaustive, 
and  nothing  has  been  developed  in  the 
prosecution  of  the  improvement  to  date 
to  bring  the  practicability  of  the project 
into  question.  The  actual  prosecution 
of  the  work  has  been  hampered  by  the 
limited  amounts  of  money  that  have 
thus  far  been  available.  The  difficul­
ties  attending  the  judicious  expenditure 
of  $50,000  or  of  $75,000  upon  a  river 
improvement  which  is  estimated  to  cost 
$670,000,  can  be  readily  appreciated. 
Obviously  no  effort  to  secure  the  full 
depth  of  ten  feet  has  been  possible. 
The  course  adopted  has  been  to  work 
on  a  small  scale,  with  the  idea  of secur­
ing  a  channel  which  is  to  be  gradually 
enlarged  and  deepened  as  funds  become 
available.  It  can  not  be  expected,  how­
ever,  that  the  expenditure  of  one-fifth of 
the  total  cost  of  the  improvement  will 
accomplish  a  proportional amount of  the 
work.  Engineering  at  retail  is  expen­
sive.  The  operations  now 
in  progress 
have  for  their  immediate  object  to  open 
a  five  foot  channel  from  Grand  Rapids 
to  Grand  Haven.  The  methods  adopted 
are  to  remove  by.dredging  all  the  ob­
structions  that  reduce 
the  available 
channel  depths  to  less  than  five  feet  at 
extreme  low  water;  and  to  assist  in  the 
maintenance  of  the  dredged  channels  by 
longitudinal  dikes. 
means  of 
These 
dikes  operate  advantageously 
in  two 
ways—they  contract  the  width  of  the 
stream  and  they  prevent  the  dredged 
material  from  finding  its  way  back  into 
the  channel. 
I  believe  I  can  confident­
ly  state  that  the  material  deposited  be­
hind  these  dikes 
is  there  to  stay,  and 
to  that  extent,  at  least,progress  is  being 
made  toward  the  ultimate  goal.  During 
the  remainder  of  the  present  season, 
and  during  next  season  until  the  avail­
able  funds  are  exhausted,  it  is  expected 
to  work  systematically  down  stream  un­
der  the  plan  above  mentioned.  The 
spirit  of  prophecy  is  not  upon  me  and 
the  careful  individual  does  not  indulge 
in  predictions. 
I  can  only  say  that  I 
await  the  results  with  much  interest.

The  value  of  a  navigable  channel  ten 
feet  deep  from  Grand  Rapids  to  Lake 
Michigan  is  a  question  upon  which  the 
readers  of  the  Tradesman  have  formed 
their own  opinions.  They  know  where 
they  ship  the  products  of  their  manu­
facture  or  the  commodities  of 
their 
trade,  and  whence  they  receive  their 
raw  materials  and  stock. 
If  shipments 
in  either  direction  can  be  made  by 
water,  there  will  unquestionably  be  a 
large  reduction  in  rates  of  freight.  The 
whole  advantage  lies  in  that  fact;  and 
often  that  one  advantage  decides  the  lo­
cation  of 
industrial  enterprises, 
and  determines  the  growth  of  a  city.

large 

As  an  enigneering  project,  I  believe 
the  ten  foot  channel  to  be  feasible;  but 
temperament  can 
the  most  sanguine 
its  speedy  accomplish­
hardly  expect 
ment  except  by  a 
liberal  supply  of 
money. 

Chester  Harding.

Every  young  man  starting  out in busi­
ness  naturally  desires  to  devote  himself 
to  that  which  will  pay  best.  The  most 
cursory  examination  of  business  insti­
tutions  reveals  the fact that management 
is  much  better  paid  than  performance.
It  shows  that  the  director  of  affairs  has 
a  more  lucrative  position  than  any  of 
the  subordinates  under  him  who execute 
his  orders.  The  so-called  business  man, 
if,  perchance,  he 
is  successful,  makes 
the  fortune  that  he  aspires  to,  not  alone 
by  the  detail  work  that  he  does,  but 
rather  by  the  skillful  management  with 
which  he  handles  the  men  he  employs.

r   !

p

%  **

< *

i   *

i   >

v ;  f l

M ICH IGAN   TRADESM AN

2 3

IIW J

We  have  increased 

our  business  steadily  each  year 

since  we  started 

in  trade

JUST

YEARS
AGO

W hy?

Because  our  prices  ARE  RIGHT.

Because  our  Goods  ARE  RIGHT.

Because  our  Salesmen  ARE  RIGHT.

Because  our  Methods  ARE  RIGHT.

Because  we  ARE  RIGHT.

Because  we  treat  our  Trade  RIGHT.

Musselman Grocer Co.

Nos.  19,  21  and  23  South  Ionia  Street,

Grand  Rapids,  Mich.

| I900

24

M ICH IG A N   TRAD ESM AN

It 

manner,  even  at  less  cost  for  the  same 
than  by  rail.

increased 

is  said  that 

in  France  teamsters 
are  competing  with  railways  in  drawing 
goods  two  hundred  miles  over country 
roads.  The  greatest  load  which  can  be 
hauled  over  a  road 
is  the  load  which 
can  be  hauled  through  the  deepest  mud 
hole  or  up  the  steepest  hill  on  that road. 
The  cost  of  hauling  is,  therefore,  neces­
sarily 
in  proportion  to  the 
roughness  of  the  surface  or  steepness  of 
the  grade;  then 
it  not  economy  to 
have  the  highways  in  the  best  possible 
condition?  For  an  even  distribution 
of  wealth  to  the  people  of  the  state there 
is  more  in  good  roads  than  in  any  other 
proposition  submitted.  The  defective 
laws  relating  to  road  construction  and 
repair are  becoming  more apparent from 
the  fact  of such wonderful  progress being 
made  all  around  us.  This  working  out 
of the highway tax is  an  obsolete  method 
in  some  portions  of  Canada.  Eastern

is 

will  go  farther  and  say  that  positive 
failure  in  mercantile  life  as  well as farm 
life  is  wholly  traceable  in many sections 
to  had  roads.  Thousands  of  dollars  are 
being  annually  spent  to  “ bring  people 
to  town”   in  methods  where  but  few 
get  the  benefit,  while  a  like  amount 
spent 
that 
transportation  may  be  cheapened,  that 
ease  to  the  animals  and  comfort  to  trav­
elers  might  be  increased,  would  result 
in  “ building  up  the  town’ ’  immeasur­
ably  more.

in  building  good  roads, 

The  farmers,  too,  are  not  the  only 
men  of  one  idea— the  man  behind  the 
counter  has  the  same  defect,  too  often 
seeing  no  farther than  the  other  side  of 
his  counter.  He  subsists  upon  the  farm­
er  and  doesn’t  know  enough  to  endow 
him  with  more  abundant  resources,  that 
he  himself  may  get  a 
larger  reward. 
Every  business  man  in  a  community 
should,  for  his  own  future  welfare,  be­
come  an  active  promoter  of  good  roads.

GOOD  ROADS.

B o w   t h e y   K nhance  th e  Interests  o f  M er­

chants.

farmer 

If  a  bettered  condition  of  country 
roads  concerned  only  the 
it 
might  be  considered  out  of  place for  the 
subject  of  “ good  roads’ ’  to  be  dwelt 
upon  in  a  trade  paper;  but  the  growing 
interest  in  road  improvement  manifest 
in  many  states,  notably  in  the  East,  has 
led  to  a  combination  of  forces,  resulting 
in  better  statutory  provisions  and  more 
improved  thoroughfares.

in 

People  generally  are  beginning  to 
realize  that  road-building  is  a  public 
matter  and  that  the  best  interests  of  ag­
riculturists,  merchants, 
fact  all 
classes,  are  enhanced  by  them.  To  ob­
tain  them  there  must  b e :  first,  good  en­
gineering  skill  in  laying  them  out;  sec­
ond,  better  methods  of  construction  and 
repair;  third,  revised  and  better  exe­
cuted  laws.  Therefore it  is  not  surpris­
ing  that  one  who  is  in  touch  with  7,000 
business  men  should 
invite  a  good 
roads  advocate  to  write  upon  the  sub­
ject  of  good  roads,  with  the  hope  that 
the  readers  may  make  the  good  roads 
movement  prominent  in  their  respective 
localities.

the 

laws 

larger 

incomplete 

its  proper  proportions, 

Neither  trade  nor  agriculture  has  as­
sumed 
largely 
for  the  reason  that  the  avenues  leading 
to  the  market  from  homes  of  the  farm­
ing  community  have  been  in  an  inferior 
condition.  First, 
lines  were  un­
wisely  chosen;  second,  they  have  been 
mismanaged  and  neglected  and have not 
received  the  attention  which  even  our 
present 
require— if 
the  highway  were  passable  the  adjacent 
property  owner  has  been  fairly  content, 
or  the  few  more  progressive  in  their 
ideas  have  been  unable  to  stir  up  the 
indifferent  or  do away  with  the  vicious 
method  of  “ working  out’ ’  the  road  tax. 
Miles  of  road  in  Michigan  are  no  better 
to-day  than  they  were  twenty-five  years 
ago.  The  annual  road 
tax  has  been 
worked  out— or  perhaps “ played  out” —  
but  somehow  the  swamp  holes  remain, 
sand  beds  are  a  little  deeper,  corduroys 
exist,  distance  to  market  has  not  been 
shortened,  no 
loads  are  being 
conveyed  over  these  modem  thorough­
fares  than 
in  early  days,  farm  values 
have  not 
increased  along  these  high­
ways,  travel  has  decreased  along  par­
ticular  roads 
if  better  ones  could  be 
found  within  reasonable  distance,  and 
then  both  farmers  and  country  dealers 
wonder  that  trade  and  traffic are so poor. 
Look, 
if  you  will,  at  other  sections 
where  road  construction  has  received  its 
just  attention.  There  farms  have 
in­
creased  in  value,  thrift  is  apparent  on 
every  hand,  markets  are  more  easily 
reached,  immense  loads  of  produce  are 
easily  conveyed  to  a  distant  market, 
teams  are 
in  good  condition,  market 
places  are  thriving, 
is 
nominal.  Results  are,  therefore,  satis­
factory,  times  good,  both  merchants  and 
farmers  accumulating  simply  because 
the  highways  are  in  a  fit  condition  for 
conveying  the 
Is  not 
cheap  transportation  the  goal 
to  be 
reached?  Between  the  two  cities,  Ham­
ilton  and  Toronto,  a  distance  of  forty 
miles,  the  merchants  and  manufacturers 
have  established  a  freight wagon service 
in  competition  with  railway  rates,  re­
sulting  in  a  saving  of  seven  cents  per 
hundred on freight  carried.  How rapidly 
upon  the  introduction  of  the  railway  do 
land  values  increase,  largely  because  of 
the  rapidity  and  economy  in  transport­
ing  all  products,  and  the  introduction  of 
good  roads  will  operate 
in  the  same

transportation 

largest 

loads. 

States  also  are  throwing  the  old  method 
overboard  and  whenever  and  wherever 
the  cash  system  is  adopted  better  work 
is  being  done  writh  one-half  the 
by  far 
labor  assessment  paid 
in  cash.  Not  to 
the  farmer  alone  should  we  appeal  for 
an  improved  system ;  indeed,  I  have al­
ways  thought  that  not  he  alone  should 
be  taxed  for  the  bettering  of  the  high­
way  used  so  largely  by  the  general  pub­
lic.  The  merchant  must  realize  that  he 
is  benefited  in  proportion  to  the  cheap­
ness  of  transporting  products  to his mar­
ket ;  if  it  does  not  behoove  the  business 
communities  to aid  in  the  betterment  of 
all  avenues 
leading  to  and  from  their 
homes,  to  whom  then  does  the  respon­
sibility  belong?  Looking  at  the  good 
roads  movement  from  a  purely  commer­
cial  standpoint,  there  is  for-the  average 
village  or  city  merchant  no  better  in­
vestment,  none  that  will  bring  him  bet­
ter  returns  for  his  money,  than  a  wise 
expenditure  on  road 
I

improvement. 

for  he  is  a  great  power for aiding  in this 
work.  The  fact  is  that,  whether or  not 
the  villages  and  cities  discharge  their 
duties 
in  their  respective  places,  their 
prosperity  depends  upon  the  prosperity 
of  the  country  districts,  and  so  it  be­
comes  a  matter  of  self-preservation  to 
arouse  public  interest  in  road-building. 
We  are  entering  upon  a  new  era of road­
building. 
It  will  need  the  combined 
efforts of  all  classes  to  secure  from  our 
Legislature  the  needed changes;  but un­
til  that  time  comes  a  continued  agita­
tion  is  necessary  to  secure  the  best  re­
sults  under  our  present  system.  In  New 
Jersey,  Massachusetts  and  other  states, 
state  as  well  as  county  aid  has  most 
wonderfully  accelerated  road-building. 
And  why  not  state  aid?  Michigan 
in  good  road  material,  as she 
abounds 
abounds 
in  endless  wealth  both  upon 
and  under  the  surface.  For  a  state 
having  such  great  resources  she  can 
afford  to  give  for  internal  improvement.

long  will 

The  Road  Department  under the  direct 
auspices  of the  Agricultural Department 
at  Washington,  D.  C.,  with  only  a  few 
thousand  dollars  each  year  for  its  use, 
has  printed  many  thousand  copies  of 
good  roads 
literature  and  circulated  it 
gratuitously  wherever  there  has  been 
call  for  help  or  information  on road con­
struction  or 
improvement.  Directly 
traceable  to  this  means  thousands  of 
miles  of  stone,  macadam  and  gravel 
roads  have  been  built.  State,  county 
and  township 
laws  and  systems  have 
been  entirely  changed  and  the  woik  is 
spreading  over  every  state  in the Union. 
How 
it  be  before  Michigan 
comes  to  the  front  and  realizes  the  great 
waste  of  money  under  our  present 
laws 
and  turns  over  a  new  leaf,  covers  up 
the  sand,  tears  out  the  corduroy,  sheds 
over the  mud  holes,  goes around the hills 
instead  of  over  them  and  compels  the 
Legislature  to blot  out  the  old  worn-out 
laws  and  formulate  something  modern, 
economical,  life-giving,  of  the  money­
making  kind?  The  Department  at 
Washington  has  recently  given  aid  to 
two  road  congresses,  one  held  in  Port 
Huron,  one 
in  Saginaw,  by  sending 
Messrs.  Dodge  and  Harrison  to  these 
localities,  the  latter  gentleman  an  ex­
pert  road-builder, 
to  superintend  the 
building  of  sample  roads.  Over  a  mile 
of  macadam  road  was  built  near  each 
city  by  the  residents,  under  the  Gov­
ernment’s  supervision.  As  stone  was 
the  available  material  there,  stone  was 
used;  but  the  purpose  of  the  Depart­
ment  is  to  stimulate  road-building  with 
any  kind  of  material  available  in  any 
locality. 
I  am  free  to  say  that  the  ob­
ject  lessons  furnished  in  these  sections 
have  greatly  stimulated  road-building 
and  the  results  will  be  far-reaching  in 
Michigan.

My  purpose  is  not  to  take  road-build­
ing  away  from  its  legitimate  channels, 
but  to  organize  all  classes  into  the  great 
work,  and  especially  to co-operate  with 
the  agricultural  community 
in  making 
better  roads  all  over  our  grand  State.
Frank  Hamilton.

Fresh  eggs  can  be  bought  in  China 
inexhaust­

for  4  to  5  cents  per  dozen  in 
ible  quantities  the  year  around.

Morris  Kent
&   CO»  «¿11  d l

Wholesale Dealers in
GRAIN, 
PRODUCE, 
SEEDS  and 
HAY.
. .   Kle vators a t . .

K alam azoo, M ich. 
M endon.  M ich. 
Scott», M ich. 

M attaw an,  M ich. 
M an ton,  M ich.
K en d a ll,  M ich.

L a  G range,  Ind.

Carload  Lots a  Specialty. 

Correspondence Solicited.  Long Distance Phone.

Kalamazoo,  Mich.

IF6. CHEMISTS, 
**

ALLEGAN, IIGH

Perrigo's Headache Powders,  Per- 
rigo’s Mandrake Bitters,  Perrigo’s 
Dyspepsia  Tablets  and  Perrigo's 
Quinine Cathartic Tablets are gain* 
ing new triends every  day.  If you 
haven’t already a good  supply  on, 
write us for prices.

HUMII6 fXTRIGiS Ml DRUGGISTS' SUNDRIES

\   y |

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V

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\x

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* 

i t

M ICH IGAN   TRADESM AN

25

Established  1872. 

Incorporated  1890.

W HEELER

COMPANY

One of the  Oldest and  Largest  Wholesale  Grocers  and  the

Largest  Importers  of  Teas

in Western  Michigan,  controlling the distribution  of  the 

following; well-known  brands :

o

L  &qWr.C°   uForget  Me  Not”  Japan  Teas,

Thompson  &   Taylor  Spice  Go.’s  “ Diamond”  Coffees,

Bay  State  Milling  C o .’s  Wingold  Flour,

Coal  O il  Johnny  Soap,

Acme  Canned  Tomatoes,

“ Rapid«  Canned  Tomatoes,

Larson’s  Celehrated  “ Champion  of  England”  Canned  Peas,

Seward  Fancy  Red  Alaska  Salmon,

“ Climax”  Extra  Fancy  Canned  Corn,

Imperial  Fancy  Canned  Corn,

Simon  Pure  Spices  and  Extracfs,

Acme  Cheese.

•  Being conveniently  situated near the  Union  depot,  we most  cordially  invite  all fijfr 
merchants  visiting  Grand  Rapids  during  the  State  Fair,  or  at  any  other  time,  to gri 
confer  upon  us  the  great  pleasure of showing them through our establishment, which  ^
 
is  a  model in  every  respect.

M ICH IG A N   TRAD ESM AN

ments of the modem carpet sweeper.  It is 
specially  noticeable  that  the  first  patent 
on  carpet  sweepers  in  America  shows  a 
sweeper  that  in  all  substantial  respects 
is  a  copy  of  the  Bigelow  sweeper.  The 
resemblance  is  so  close  that  it  does  not 
seem  possible  it  could  have  been  acci­
dental.  The  patent  was 
issued  only 
about  two  months  earlier  than  the  first 
American  patent  on  sweepers.  During 
the  year  1858  there  were  four  English 
patents  issued  on  carpet  sweepers.  L*n- 
doubtedly  a 
few  carpet  sweepers  were 
manufactured  in  England  and  probably 
a  few  of  such  sweepers  found  their  way 
to  America.

The  American  carpet  sweeper origi­
i8>8.  There 
nated  in  Massachusetts  in 
were  two  patents 
issued  on  August  17 
of  that  year.  One  of  the  patents  was 
issued  to  H.  H.  Herrick  and  the  other 
To  A.  W.  Xoney.  The  Xonev  sweeper, 
as  appears  from  the  Patent  Office  re­
port, was  a  cumbersome  affair and  pron-

oly  of the  sweeper  business  and for more 
than  a  dozen  years  no  sweepers  were 
manufactured 
in  the  United  States  out­
side  of  the  city  of  Boston,  excepting  a 
few  in  the  State  of  Connecticut.  Grad­
ually  the  business  spread  to  Xew  York, 
Xew  Jersey  and  to  Rhode  Island,  but 
Boston  retained 
its  position  with  little 
competition  until  1877  and  1878,  when 
the  Western  manufacturers  began 
to 
compete  for  the  first  place,  and  by  1881 
or  18S2  Boston  had  lost  its  prestige,  and 
the  business  of  manufacturing  carpet 
sweepers  finally  departed  about  1887 
and  to-day  there  are  no  carpet  sweepers 
manufactured 
in  any  city  in  the  New 
England  States.

The  carpet  sweepers  made  most  ex­
tensively 
in  Boston  were  known  as  the 
"W eed ,"  the  "Boston”   and  the  "W el­
com e."  The  "W elcom e”   was probably 
manufactured  most  extensively  and  it 
survived  several  vears  after  the  other 
sweepers  had  disappeared.  As  above

first  patent  on  a  carpet  sweeper.  The 
sweeper  contained  a  brush  roller  sus­
pended  at 
its  center  and  contained  no 
end  bearings.  As  first  constructed  the 
brush  roller  was  revolved  by  cog  wheels 
placed  centrally  in  the  case.  The  valu­
able  features  claimed  for  this  sweeper 
were  its  adaptability  for  sweeping  close 
to  the  baseboard  at  both  ends  of  the 
sweeper,  and,  second,  its  superior  ad­
justability.  The  tweeper  was  afterwards 
improved  by  substituting  a 
friction 
gearing 
in  place  of  the  cog  wheels. 
This  sweeper  was  known  as the "  Bissell 
Center  Bearing  Sweeper.”

In  the  hands  of  a  less  aggressive  man 
than  Mr.  Bissell  this  sweeper  might 
never have  become  known  to  the  public, 
but  the  sweeper  contained  merit  and 
Mr.  Bissell’s  energy  and  business  tact 
brought  this  sweeper to  the  front.  With­
in  a 
few  years  the  number of  center 
hearing  sweepers  sold  far  exceeded  the 
sale  of  any  other  sweeper,  the  annual 
sales  reaching  as  high  as  65,000,  an 
enormous  number  for  that  time  when  it 
is  remembered  that  probably  more  than 
a  dozen  factories  were  making  sweepers 
in  the  United  States.

in 

All  sweepers  above  referred  to  belong 
to  the  class  known  as 
two-wheeled 
sweepers.  The  first  four-wheeled carpet 
sweepers  which  were  manufactured  in 
any  considerable  numbers  were  con­
structed  in  accordance  with  a  patent  is­
sued  to  E.  T.  Pringle,  of  Aurora,  Illi­
nois,  in  1877.  The  sweeper  wras  well 
made,  unique  in  appearance,  and  effec­
tive 
its  work.  The  sweeper  was 
It  was  sold  as 
named  the  "Aurora.”  
an  exclusive  sweeper,  that 
is,  its  sale 
was  restricted  to  a  certain  number  of 
dealers  in  each  city.  It  sold  for a higher 
price  than  any  other  sweeper made  until 
it  was  finally  displaced  by  the  Bissell 
Grand  Rapids  sweepers  made  under the 
Plumb  patent,  which  will  be  referred  to 
later.  Had  invention  and  improvements 
ceased  with  the  "Aurora”   sweeper  it  is 
highly probable  that  that  sweeper  would 
be  a  prominent  one  on  the  market  to­
day.

26

TH E  C ARPET  SW EEPER .

E volu tion   o f  th is  Most  Im portant  H ouse­

hold  N ecessity.

It 

The  carpet  sweeper  descended 

from 
Its  more  remote 
the  street  sweeper. 
ancestor,  however,  is  found  in  the  brush 
broom. 
Its  ancestry,  therefore,  is  hon­
orable  and  can  be  traced  back  to  the 
earliest  civilization  of  the  world.  The 
term  "carpet  sweeper" 
is  of  modem 
origin. 
is  the  name  which  Ameri­
cans  have  applied  to  what  was  formerly 
known  in  England  as  a  "sweeping  ma­
chine"  or  a  "mechanical  broom." 
The  name  "carpet  sweeper" 
is  now 
applied  to  a  simple  machine  having  a 
case  or  box,  dust  receptacles,  a  revolv­
ing  brush,  supporting  wheels  and  a 
handle.  The  supporting  wheels  usually 
act  as  driving  wheels,  being  connected 
in  some  way  to  the  brush  roller  so  as  to 
revolve  the  same  as  the  sweeper 
is 
moved  by  its  handle  over  the  carpet.

As  early  as  1600  one  Edmund  Hem- 
ing,  of  London,  took  out  an  English 
patent  on  what  he  called  " a   new  ma-l 
chine for  sweeping  the  streets  of London 
or  any  city  or  towne. "   This  machine 
would  now  be  called  a  street  sweeper. 
In  a  crude  way  it contained many  of  the 
elements  of  the  modern  carpet  sweeper, 
but  the  machine  was  not  adapted  to 
sweep  carpets.

Between  1600  and  1S50  several  Eng­
lish  patents  were  obtained  on  revolving 
brushes  or  "mechanical  brooms"  for 
sweeping  chimneys.  There  were  also 
several  patents obtained  onstreet  sweep­
ers.  One  of  the  latter  had  a  brush  roller 
placed  obliquely  to  the  frame  so  as  to 
drive  the  dirt  to  one  side  of  the  street, 
is  done  by  the 
precisely  the  same  as 
street  sweepers  now  in  use 
in  the  city 
of  Grand  Rapids  and  elsewhere  in  the 
United  States.

that 

"hand 

indicate 

sweeping  apparatus" 

Feb.  11,  1811,  James  Hume  obtained  a 
patent 
in  England  on  what  he  called  a 
"sweeping  machine."  which  he  d e -! 
scribes  as  adapted  to  sweep-floors.  The 
brush,  however,  was  turned,  not  bv  the 
drive  wheels,  but  by  a  handle  or  crank.  | 
He  suggested,  however,  that  the  brush 
could  be 
revolved  bv  anv  suitable 
means.  The  machine  was  apparently 
not  intended  to  sweep  carpets,  but  the  j 
construction  would 
it 
might  be  used  for  that  purpose.  The 
machine  was  a  nearer  approach  to  the  j 
carpet  sweeper  than  any  of  prior  date.  I
In  January.  1S53,  James  Hadden 
Young  obtained  an  English  patent  on 
a 
fori 
"sweeping  carpets,  doors  and  pave-1 
ments."  The  machine  had  a  frame 
covered  with  calico.  It  also  had  a  brush i 
roller,  dust  pans  and  a  handle.  The 
brush  roller  was  revolved  bv  connection 
with  the  supporting  wheels. 
It  was  to ; 
all  intents  and  purposes  a  carpet  sweep-1 
er. 
It  was  the  tirst  machine  referred  to j 
among  English  patented  devices  as j 
adapted  to  sweep  carpets.  The  same  j 
inventor  in  1S54  patented  an 
improve- j 
ment.  He  hinged  or  pivoted  the  dust 
pans  substantially  as 
is  done  now  in 
carpet  sweepers.  He  also  constructed 
a  wooden  box  instead  of  a  frame  cov- j 
ered  with  calico.  While  his  device  was 
a  crude  one,  it  contained  the  elements 
of  a  carpet  sweeper  and  it  would  un-; 
doubtediy  work  effectively  on  a  carpet.  !
On  June  n ,  1S5S,  an  English  patent 
was 
issued  to  Lucius  Bigelow  on  "an 
improved  machine  for  sweeping  car-1 
peted  or  other  floors.  '  The  case  of  this 
sweeper  was  supported  by  two 
large 
wheels  cm  one  side  and  by  a  swiveling 
caster-wheel  on  the  other  side.  The 
large  wheels  were  the  driving  wheeis. 
lt  possessed  substantially  ail  theeie-j

It  will  he  impossible  to  enumerate  all 
the  attempts  to  manufacture  sweepers 
and  to  give  a 
full  history  of  the  suc­
cesses  and  failures.  The  most  interest­
ing  part  of  the  history  of  the  sweeper 
is  found  in  its  beginning  and 
industry 
development 
the  city  of  Grand 
Rapids.

in 

The  success  of  M.  R.  Bissell  inspired 
others  to  enter  the  field  and  within  a 
comparatively  short  time  after  Mr.  Bis­
sell  began  the  manufacture  there  were 
no  less  than  six  concerns  in  the  city  of 
Grand  Rapids  alone  manufacturing 
carpet  sweepers.  Each  had  one  or  more 
patents  as  the  foundation  of  the  busi­
ness.  Each  secured  some  share  of  pub­
lic  favor,  but  Mr.  Bissell  kept  in  ad­
vance  of  them  all  and  undoubtedly 
made  and  sold  as  many  sweepers  as  all 
the  remainder  combined.  This  he  con­
tinued  to  do  until  the  organization  of 
the  Bissell  Carpet  Sweeper  Co.,  which 
united  all  the  Grand  Rapids  manufac­
into  one  companv, 
turers  of  sweepers 
with  the  exception  of.  the  Plumb 
it 
Lewis Manufacturing  Co.  The  Plumb  it 
Lewis  Manufacturing  Co.  continued  un­
til  about  January,  1886,  when  its  patents 
and  sweeper  business  became  merged 
with  the  Bissell  Carpet  Sweeper Co.
__ The  Plumb  it  Lewis  Manufacturing 
Co.  made  and  sold  a  sweeper  which  was 
the  invention  of  A.  D.  Plumb,  of  Grand 
Rapids. 
I he  Plumb  patent  deserves 
more  than  a  passing  notice,  as  it  marks 
an  epoch 
in  the  carpet  sweeper  busi­
ness.  Mr.  Plumb  began  the  manufac-

ably  never  went  into  use.whiie  the  Her­
rick  sweeper,  which  was  a  substantial 
copy  of  the  Bigelow 
sweeper,  was 
actually  manufactured  and  put  upon  the 
market  as  early  as  1859  and  possibly  as 
early  as  1S5S.  The  Herrick  sweeper 
marked  the  beginning  of  the  carpet 
sweeper  business  in  the  United  States. 
According  to  information  received  from 
a  brother  of  H.  H.  Herrick,  the  ap­
pearance  of  the  sweeper  created  much 
surprise  and  raised  great  expectations. 
The  manufacture  was  begun  with  en­
thusiasm.  The  demand 
for  sweepers 
in  Boston  was  fairly  good.  Sweepers 
constructed  and  sent  to  other 
were 
states.  As  early  as 
iSoc a  Xew  York 
merchant  contracted  for  no  less  than 
30,000  of  these  carpet  sweepers,  to  he 
delivered  in  the  spring  and  summer  of 
1 S o t.  The  mar  breaking  out,  however, 
in  1S61,  the  contract  was  canceled  and 
the  sweepers  mere  never delivered.  For 
several  years  Boston  retained  a  monop-

stated  there  were  a  few  sweepers  manu­
factured  in  Connecticut,  Xew  York  and 
Xew  Jersey,  but  they  were  only  manu­
factured 
in  small  quantities  and prob­
ably  with  little  profit  and  they  soon  dis­
appeared  from  the  market.

In  1876 Gore ¿c  Edgecomb,  of Goshen, 
Indiana,  invented  a  new  sweeper  which 
I contained  some  novel  and  useful  fea­
tures.  The  sweeper  was exhibited  at  the 
Centennial  Exhibition 
in  1876  and  re- 
j eeived  the  first  premium.  The  sweep - 
i er  was  known  as  the  "L a d y's  Friend.”
|  it  was  a  well  made  sweeper  and  it  soon 
| became  popular  and  was  sold  in  consid- 
j erable  quantities.  It  doubtless  had  con- 
j siderabie  effect 
in  decreasing  the  sale 
i of  sweepers  manufactured  in  Boston.  It 
j commanded  as  high  a  price  as  anv 
j sweeper  manufactured  prior  to  1S80,
| with  the  single  exception  hereinafter 
! named.

In  September,  18713,  M.  R.  Bissell,  of 
] Grand  Rapids,  Michigan,  secured  his

M ICH IGAN   TRADESM AN

27

wmmisswmM gM sm'i

WORDEN GROCER COMPANY

IMPORTERS  AND  JOBBERS

GRAND  RAPIDS,  MICH.

Ä R C Ö ’sÄ ? ; ,

¿ 1

«II v

Carry  a full  and  complete  line  of high  grade and  standard  groceries. 

I
A  brief enumeration  of our special brands  comprise  the  Quakeress,  Queen,  Princess 1 
and  Perfection  Japan  Teas,  imported  by  ourselves and  running  uniform  year  in  and « 
year  out.  Delicate  and  toasty.  We are  agents  for  the  celebrated  Red,  White  and |  
|
B1 ue  Seals  (“Rama”  Brand)  Ceylon  Teas  recently  introduced  here. 

Our  Ankola,  Quaker and To  ko Mocha and Java Coffees 
are  roasted  especially  for  us  and delight the palate.
Our  Quaker  Corn  and  Quaker  Tomatoes  are  full 

standard  packed  and  high  quality.

Our  “ Duchess”  Cream  Corn,  Lima  Beans  and  Succo­
tash  are  of  the  choicest  State  of  Maine  pack  and 
are  the  finest  grown.  W e  are  exclusive  agents  for 
these  goods  in  this  market.

Our  “ D innerParty”  brand  of  high  grade  Fruits  and 
vegetables  are  of  superior  quality.  Their  hand­
some  labels  make  attractive  shelf  goods  and 
quick  sellers.

We  carry  in  stock  the  Waukesha  Hygia  Ginger  Ale 
and  Boro  Lithia  Table  Waters,  Olives,  Pickles 
and  a  full  line  of  bottled  goods.

Our  six  grades  of  the  famous  Lakeside  brand  of Peas, 
for  which  we  are  exclusive distributing agents here, 
are  known  all  over  the  United  States  as  the 
choicest  grown.

Our  best  bakers  insist  upon  having  our  Laurel  Spring 

Wheat  and  Quaker  Winter  Wheat  Flours.

Our  full  cream  Jersey  Cheese  gives  one  an  appetite 

and  cures  dyspepsia.

Our  “ Home  Made”  brand  of  Lard  is  not  packers  lard 
but  kettle  rendered  under  a  patented  process  of 
slow  cooling,  and  guaranteed absolutely pure.  We 
are  sole  agents.

Our  stock  of  Syrups,  Molasses,  Dried  Fruits,  Soaps, 
Tobacco,  Provisions.  Sugars  and  Sundries  is  full 
and  complete.

¡1  Grand  Rapids  is  the  natural  distributing  point  for  Western  Michigan  and  we  take  pride  in  inviting  our  friends  in 
¡1  their  headquarters  when  in  the  city.  Any  orders  with  which  we  may  be  favored  will  receive  careful  attention,  |  

i   general  to  an  inspection  of our  large  and  complete  stock  and  in  extending  a  cordial  invitation  to  make  our  store  |  

H  prompt  shipment  and  a  satisfactory  result  guaranteed. 

H

2 8

M ICH IG A N   TRADESM AN

in 

carpet 

ture  of  a  sweeper 
invented  by  G.  W. 
Gates  and  Benj.  F.  Potter  and  he  con­
for 
tinued  to  manufacture  the  same 
about  one  year,  when  he  made  his 
in­
vention 
sweepers.  Mr. 
Plumb’s  application  was  filed  in  April, 
1880,  and  the  manufacture  was  then  be­
gun.  The  name  of  the  sweeper  was 
also  changed  from  the  "Grand  Rapids 
Carpet  Sweeper”  
“ M ystic.”  
Mr.  Plumb  was  much  more  successful 
with  his  new  sweeper  than  with  his  first 
one  and  his  business  in  one  year  more 
than  doubled.
The  novel 

to  the 

feature  of  the  Plumb 
.  sweeper  consisted  in  the  introduction  of 
a  spring  between  the  sweeper  case  and 
the  drive  wheel,  which  enabled  the  user 
to 
lower  the  brush  to  the  carpet  by 
merely  pressing  down  on  the  sweeper 
handle.  This  adapted  the  sweeper to 
all  kinds  of  carpets,  to  light  and  hea 
sweeping. 
It  obviated  the  necessity  of 
a  mechanical  adjustment  of  the  brush 
roller,  the  brireh  roller  being  adjusted 
by  mere  downward  pressure.  This  fea 
ture  was  called  "self-adjusting,”   "au  
tomatic,”   "automatic  adjusting,”   etc 
That  this  feature  was  a  useful  one  i: 
established  by  the  fact  that  within  one 
year  from  the  date  of  the  Plumb  patent 
every  manufacturer of sweepers in Grand 
Rapids  was  using  the  patented  feature 
invention—some  in  one 
of  the  Plumb 
form,  some 
in  another,  but  all  within 
the  scope  of  the  Plumb  patent.  After 
wards  several  manufacturers  outside  of 
Grand  Rapids  adopted  the  Plumb  de 
vice  and  infringement  did  not  cease  ai 
together  until  the  patent  had  been  con 
strued  and  sustained  by 
the  United 
States  Court.

In 

the 

sweepers." 

In  order  to  avoid  infringement  of  the 
Plumb  patent  and  still  to  obtain  the 
automatic  adjustment,  several  ingenious 
devices  were 
invented,  which  after­
wards  received  the  name  of  “ cam-ac 
tion 
so-called 
“ cam-action  sweepers”   the  spring  be­
tween  the  drive  wheel  and  the  brush 
roller  was  dispensed  with.  The  bail  of 
the  sweeper  was  connected  with 
the 
brush  roller,  so  that  the  brush  roller 
could  be  raised  and  lowered  by  tilting 
the  handle  of  the  sweeper.  The first pat­
ent  in  this  line  was 
issued  to  G.  W. 
Gates 
in  August,  1881.  This  was  fol­
lowed  by  several  others,  differing  in  de­
tail,  but  all  working  upon  substantially 
the  same  principle.  This  cam-action 
sweeper  received  some  favor  with  the 
public  and  considerable  quantities  were 
manufactured  and  put  upon  the  market. 
They  never,  however,  received  the  same 
favor  as  the  self-adjusting  swe  per  con­
structed 
in  accordance  with  the  Plumb 
patent  and  their  popularity  is  not  in­
creasing.

had 

into 

bandied 

introduced 

to  displace 

The  principle  of  the  Plumb  sweeper 
was 
four-wheeled 
sweepers  by  the  Bissell  Carpet  Sweeper 
Co.  and  also  by  the  Plumb  &  Lewis 
Manufacturing  Co.  The  effect  of  such 
the 
introduction  was 
"A urora"  sweeper  and  to  drive 
it  en­
tirely  out  of  the  market.  A   New  York 
merchant  who 
the 
“ Aurora"  sweeper  with  success  and 
profit  declared  that  when  the  Bissell 
Grand  Rapids  sweeper,  with  this  auto­
matic  adjustment,  was  first  offered  to 
him  he  purchased  a  few  with great hesi­
tation :  that  as  soon  as  he  began  to  sell 
them  his  customers  were  so  well  satis­
in  others  to  pur­
fied  that  they  sent 
chase ;  that 
the 
"Aurora”   sweeper  ceased  altogether; 
that  he  had  on  hand  a  quantity  which 
cost  him  $3  apiece :  that  he  sold  a  few 
of  them  for $1  apiece  and  finally  closed

demand 

the 

for 

in 

the 

The 

following 

invention 

for  other 

impression 

self-adjusting 

in  Grand  Rapids. 

and  elsewhere,  Boston  still  retained  the 
lead 
in  the  business,  but  by  no  means 
the entire  business.  The  Gore  &  Edge 
comb  sweeper,  referred  to  above  as  the 
“ Lady’s  Friend,”   made  at  Goshen,  In 
diana,  became  a  sharp  competitor.  Th 
sweeper  was  manufactured  and  sold 
successfully  for  many  years.  The  man 
ufacture  of  the  Bissell  center  bearing 
sweeper,  beginning 
in  1876,  was  car 
ried  on  with  energy  and  success.  Mr 
Bissell  was  not  satisfied  to  rest  his busi 
ness  on  his  single  invention,  but  con 
tinued  to  make 
improvements  and to 
patent  them.  Every  small  device  in 
vented  by  him  was  patented.  He  took 
advantage  of  every  improvement,  how 
ever  small,  to  increase  the  efficiency  of 
his  sweeper.  Such  were  his  energy and 
success  that  he  became,  in  fact,  as  he 
claimed,  the  most  extensive  manufac 
turer  of  carpet  sweepers  in  the  world 
This  was  before  the  organization  of  the 
Bissell  Carpet  Sweeper  Co.  The  sweep 
invention 
er  business  was 
Invention  was  being  transferred 
from 
New  England  to  Grand  Rapids.  The 
names  of  M.  R.  Bissell,  W.  J.  Drew 
George  YV.  Gates,  Benjamin  F.  Potter, 
H.  S.  Wing,  E.  B.  Clark,  A.  D, 
Plumb,"  Silas  H.  Raymond,  C.  O.  Allen 
and  Benjamin  R.  Stevens  and  others 
began  to  appear  as  inventors  from  time 
to  time  in  the  Patent  Office  Gazette.

out  the  . balance  by  giving  away 
sweeper  to  every  customer  who  pur 
chased  a  certain  quantity  of  his  goods, 
The  Plumh  sweeper  was  first  put  up 
on  the  market 
in  the  spring  of  1880, 
and  after  more  than  twenty  years  the 
principle  of  the  Plumb 
found 
in  nearly  all  the  sweepers  upon 
the  market  to-day.  No  other  patented 
feature  in  an  American  carpet  sweepe 
has  retained  its  position  for  so  long  a 
It  must  not  be  supposed  that  in 
time. 
vention 
sweepers 
ceased  with  the  Plumb  invention or that 
Plumb  reached  perfection.  The  Plumb 
"M ystic”   sweeper  ran  its  race  in  about 
six  years,  as  did  nearly  all  the  two­
wheeled,  self-adjusting  sweepers.  Many 
sweepers,  both  two  and 
four-wheeled, 
have  had  their  day  and  passed  away, 
but  thé  real  thing  patented  by  Plumb, 
as  repeatedly  construed  by  the  L’nited 
States  courts,  still  exists  as  a  valuable 
feature 
in  a  carpet  sweeper and  prom­
ises  to  continue  for  many  years to come.
is  general  that  the 
number of  patents  on  carpet  sweepers  is 
very  great.  A  prominent  manufacturer 
in  this  city,  being  asked  how  many 
carpet  sweeper  patents  he  thought  had 
been  granted,  promptly  replied,  “ Sev­
eral  thousand.”   Several  others  have 
expressed  substantially  the  same  opin­
ion.  The  fact  is,  the  number of  patents 
issued  on  carpet  sweepers  is  compara­
tively  small.  Taking 
forty-three 
years  ending  with  Jan.  1,  1900,  the  total 
number  of  carpet  sweeper  patents  is 
254.  Some  of  these  patents  are  on  de­
vices  for  attaching  handies  and  are 
equally  applicable 
imple­
ments,  but,  counting  them  all  as  carpet 
sweeper  patents,  the  average  number 
per  year 
is  less  than  six.  The  largest 
number  of  patents 
in  any  one 
year  on  carpet  sweepers  was  in  1892, 
and  the  total  number  for  that  year  was 
twenty-five. 
Comparing  this  number 
with  the  number  of  car-coupling  pat­
it  seems  very  small,  for  in  1892 
ents 
there  were  380  patents 
issued  to  in­
ventors  of  car  couplers,  being  126  more 
patents 
in  one  year  on  car  couplers 
than  all  the  carpet  sweeper  patents  for 
forty-three  years.  The  development  of 
nvention 
is  followed  by  the  develop­
ment  of  manufacture.  The  number  of 
patents  issued  in  any  locality  marks  the 
development  of  manufacture  in  that 
lo­
cality  of  the  thing  patented.  This mat­
ter  can  be  referred  to  but  briefly  in  this j 
>aper.  The 
invention  of  the  Herrick 
weeper  in  Boston  marks  the  beginning 
of  the  sweeper  manufacture  in  Boston 
and  in  the  United  States.  In  1858  there 
The  history  of  carpet  sweeper making 
were  six  patents  issued. 
In  1859  there 
s  interesting  and  instructive.  Having 
were  nine  patents  issued.  All  the  pat­
in  Boston,  for a  series  of 
ts 
ents  issued  during  these  two  years  were 
years 
it  grew  and  thrived  in  that  city.
to  residents  of  Boston  or  vicinity,  with 
It  strayed  to  other  cities  in  different 
a  single  exception.  That  one  exception 
states,  where  it survived  fora  time,  and 
was  a  patent  issued  to  an  inventor  re- 
in  some  places  flourished.  Gradually 
iding 
No  patents 
but  surely 
industry  substantially 
were 
issued  to  any  person  outside  of 
died  out  in  all  but  one  locality,and  that 
one  the  city  of  Grand  Rapids.  To-day 
Connecticut  and  Massachusetts  for  more 
sweepers 
substantially  all  the  carpet 
than  ten  years  after the  date  of  the  Her­
rick  patent,  and  during  that  time  Bos­
used  throughout  the  world  are  made 
in 
Grand  Rapids,  where  the  industry  still 
the  manufacture  of
ton  monopolized 
In  the  latter  part  of | thrives.  Grand  Rapids  makes  these
carpet  sweepers. 
868  a  single  patent  was  issued  to  a  res- 
its  manufacturers 
sweepers  because 
dent  of  Brooklyn,  New  York,  and  it 
have  kept  the 
in  novel 
features 
lead 
became 
in  a  small  way  the  foundation 
and  careful  business  methods. 
It  is  an 
illustration  of  the  truth  of  the  maxim, 
for the  manufacture  of sweepers.  From 
“ The  fittest  survive.”
868  to  1880  the  yearly  number  of 
weeper  patents  issued  was  five.  These 
patents  were  somewhat  scattered,  but 
most  of  them  were  taken  out  by  resi­
dents  of  the  New  England  or  the  Mid­
dle  Atlantic  States,  and,  while  the  man­
ufacture  was  undertaken  in  New  York. 
New  Jersey,  Ohio,  Indiana,  Michigan

In  1876  Michigan  took  out  but  one 
patent  on  a  carpet  sweeper.  This  was 
ssued  to  M.  R.  Bissell.  Probably 
was  due  to  this  patent  that  the  carpet 
sweeper  business  of  the  world  has  be 
come  centered 
In 
the  same  year  Massachusetts  took  out 
ix  patents.  As  late  as  1878  Massachu 
setts  took  out  five  patents  to  none  in 
Michigan,  but 
change.  There  were six patents issued to 
Michigan 
inventors  and  but  two  to 
Massachusetts  inventors.  In  1880  Mich- 
gan  took  out  nine  patents  to  none  in 
Massachusetts  and 
in  1881  Michigan 
took  out  eleven  patents  to  none  in  Mas 
sachusetts.  From  1879  to  the  present 
¡me  Michigan  has  held  the  lead in  pat­
ents 
and 
since  1881  the  lead  in  the  manufacture 
of  carpet  sweepers,  while  Massachusetts 
has  ceased  to  make  carpet  sweepers  and 
has  practically  ceased  to  make improve­
ments 
in  carpet  sweepers,  the  Patent 
Office  Gazette  for  1899  showing  no  pat­
ents 
issued  to  residents  of  Massachus­
etts  on  carpet  sweepers,  while  five  out 
of  the  seven  patents  issued  that  year  on 
carpet  sweepers  were  issued  to  Michi­
gan  inventors.

Since  the  manufacture  began  in  Bos­
ton 
in  1858  probably  more  than  fifty 
companies  have  engaged  in  manufac­
ture  of  carpet  sweepers,  which  have 
passed  out  of  business  and  disappeared. 
The  very  nature  of  the  business  ren­
dered  such  a  result  almost  inevitable.

issued  on  carpet  sweepers 

in  1879  there  came 

in  Connecticut. 

inception 

issued 

the 

The  first  manufacturer  was,  doubtless, 
able  to  sell  his  sweepers  at  a  larger 
profit,  hence  other  manufacturers  be­
lieved 
that  they  could  do  the  same. 
They  overestimated  the  demand.  They 
underestimated  the  expense.  The pur­
chase  of  carpet  sweepers  is  almost  al­
ways 
in  small  quantities.  The  mer­
chant  who  sells  sweepers  is  not  likely 
to  spend  much  time on his sweeper busi - 
ness,  as 
it  invariably  forms  but  a  verv 
small  part  of  his  trade.  The  expense  of 
selling  sweepers  by  the  manufacturer  is 
comparatively  large,  for  the  reason  that 
but  few  sweepers  can  be  sold 
in  anv 
one  place  and  the  manufacturer  must 
cover  a 
large  territory  in  order  to  sell 
enough  sweepers  to. pay  expenses  and 
leave  a  profit.  A  carpet  sweeper  does 
not  quickly  wear  out  and  a  household 
once  supplied  with  carpet  sweepers  is 
supplied  for  a  term  of  years.  The  de­
mand  for  sweepers  is  limited  and  a  sin­
gle  factory 
in  Grand  Rapids  possesses 
facilities  for  making  not  only  carpet 
sweepers  to  supply  the  demand  of  the 
world,  but  many  thousands  in  addition 
thereto.

The  territory  in  which  carpet  sweep­
ers  can  be  sold  has  been  canvassed 
thoroughly  and 
is  being  re-canvassed 
several  times  a  year,  and  each  new 
competitor  in  the  field  is  compelled,  if 
he  secure  any  trade,  to  secure  it  from 
the  customers  of  some  manufacturing 
company  already  in  the  field. 
It  is  not 
case  of  obtaining  trade  from  a  new 
set  of  buyers,  but  a  case  of  securing 
part  of  a  trade  which  is  already  held 

by  some  other  manufacturer.

for  sweepers 

The  demand 

in  the 
in­
United  States  has  not  been  such  an 
is  generally  be- 
creasing  demand  as 
ieved.  There  has  been  an  increase,  but 
it  has  only  kept  pace  with  the 
increas- 
ng  wealth  and  population  of  the  coun­
try.  The  city  of  Boston  probably  does 
not  purchase  more  sweepers  in  propor­
tion  to  its  population  to-day  than  it  did 
n  1870 and  the  years 
immediately  fol­
lowing.

The  manufacturer of  carpet  sweepers, 
to  be  successful,  must  have  a  consider­
able  volume  of  business,  and  from  the 
nature  of  the  demand  for  carpet  sweep­
ers  there  can  be  at  one  time  but  few 
successful  manufacturers. 
If  the  entire 
olume  of  the  carpet  sweeper  business 
of  the  world  were  equally  divided into a 
dozen  or  twenty  equal  parts,  and  one 
part  given  to  a  single  manufacturer,  it 
probable  that  the  business  could  not 
be  carried  on  at  a  profit  unless  the price 
of  sweepers  could  be  considerably  ad- 
anced.
The 

lesson  which  the  history  of  the 
carpet  sweeper  business  seems  to  teach 
s  this:  First,  that  the  business  of  the 
manufacture  of  a  specialty  follows  the 
greatest  development  of  inventnn  and 
mprovements:  second,  that  a  single in- 
’ention  may  serve  the  purpose  of  start- 
ng  a  manufacturing  industry,  but  such 
ndustry  will  be  shortlived  unless 
in- 
ention  and 
improvements  are  contin­
ued ;  third,  that  the  manufacture  of  a 
ipecialty  may  be  profitable  when  car­
ed  on  by  a  single  company and  wholly 
ithout  profit  when  divided  up and  dis­
tributed among many companies ; fourth, 
that  the  mere 
increase  of  the  produc­
tion  of  an  article  does  not  necessarily 
ncrease  the  demand  for the  same.

Edward  Taggart.

The  average  man  puts  a  greater  value 
upon  a  favor  he  bestows  than  upon  one 
he  receives.

^  

better  to  do  a  big  business  in  a 
small  town  than  a  small  business  in  a 
big  town.

M ICH IGAN   TRADESM AN

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30

M ICH IGAN   TRAD ESM AN

T H E   H A R D W A R E   T R A D E .

In n o va tio n s  and  Im p ro v em en ts  D u rin g  

th e   P a st  T h ir ty   Years.

is 

After  an  experience  of  about  thirty 
years  of  continuous  service  in  the  hard­
ware  trade,  it 
interesting,  in  these 
days  of  sudden  changes  and  high  busi­
ness  pressure,  to  go  back  to  the  earlier 
days  of  this 
important  branch  of  our 
varied 
the 
changes  and  progress  made  during  this 
long  period  of  time.

industries  and 

consider 

It  has  often  been  stated  that  “ Iron  is 
k in g,”   by  which  is  meant  that  the  iron 
industry  has  come  to  be  considered  a 
pretty  accurate  barometer  of  the  state  of 
trade  and  finance  and  that  when the iron 
business  is  prosperous  all  other 
lines 
of  business  are  usually  so  and  that  the 
country 
is  experiencing  what  we  term 
Good  Times.

The  iron  and  hardware  business  is  so 
closely  interwoven  and  their  interests  so 
nearly  mutual  that  both  may  be  consid­
ered  as  one ;  consequently  the  hardware 
trade  of  Michigan  is  an  important  and 
honorable  one  and  no  person  engaged in 
it  need  feel  called  upon  to  make  apol­
ogies  for  his  calling.

My  connection  with  the  hardware 
trade  covers  a  period  of  most  remark­
able changes  and  advancements  in  near­
ly all  directions.  We  have  seen,  through 
the  improvements  and  progress  made  in 
electrical  science  by  the  laying  of  ocean 
cables  and  the  introduction  of  our  local 
and 
long  distance  telephone  systems, 
also  by  our  improved  methods  of  rapid 
transit,  that  the  world  has,  in  a  certain 
sense,  been  rapidly growing  smaller;  in 
fact,  all  parts  of  the  earth  have  been 
brought  in  closer touch,  and  each  morn­
ing  the  principal  events  of  the  previous 
twenty-four  hours  are  laid  before  us  at 
our  breakfast  tables.

Thirty  years  ago  electricity  was  but 
little  known  or  understood,  and  at  that 
time  oil  and  gas  for  lighting  purposes 
were  almost  considered  a 
luxury,  and 
our  electric  lights  of  to-day,  as  at  pres­
ent  developed,  hardly  dreamed  of. 
In 
those  days,  horse  cars  for  street  car 
transportation  were  only  for  the  benefit 
of  our  larger  cities,  but  at  the  present 
time  there  is  no  city  of  any  size  which 
does  not  have  rapid  transit,  not  only 
within  its  own  borders,  but  it  is  spread­
ing  out  to  neighboring  villages  and  cit­
ies,  thereby  bringing  the  country  and 
towns  closer together,  much  to  the  ad­
vantage  and  benefit  of  all classes.  Dur­
ing  the  space  of  time  which we  are  con­
sidering  there  have  been  very  many 
other  changes,  almost  too  numerous  to 
mention.  A 
journey  to-day  across  our 
from  ocean  to  ocean  is  but  a 
continent 
question  of  hours,  instead  of  days  and 
weeks and,  in  the  place  of  hardship  and 
discomfort,  it  is  one  of  ease and luxury ; 
and,  inside  of  one  week,  the  resident  of 
Michigan  may  be  touring  in  Europe. 
The  business  man  in  his  office  or  home 
is  now  able  to  transact  business  by  con­
versation  direct  with  those  interested  in 
all  parts  of  the  country.  Science  has 
made  rapid  strides  in  these  past  thirty 
years  in  all  directions,  and  through  re­
search  and  study  we  are  learning  things 
in  regard  to  this  old  earth  of  ours which 
formerly  were  never  dreamed  of.  and 
through 
even 
inter­
changes  in  creeds  and  the  better 
pretation  and  understanding 
the 
Bible,  we  have  noticed  many  and  im­
portant  changes.

religious  beliefs, 

in 

of 

From  this  brief  outline  we  can  see 
something  of  the  progress  made  during 
the  past  years  and  realize 
fact 
that  we  are  living in a fast age,subject to 
abrupt  and  important  changes,  and  this

the 

will  also  apply  to  business and  business 
methods,  and  to  the  hardware  trade  as 
much  as  to  any  other.

My  first  experience  was  that  of  clerk 
and  general  utility  man  in a  retail store. 
In  those  days  a  hardware  store  was  con­
sidered  more  as  a  place  of  necessity 
than  of  taste  or  refinement.  A  keg  of 
nails  or  a  bar  of  iron  and  other  staples 
are  about  the  same  now  as  then,  but 
there  was  not  the  taste  used  in  display­
ing  goods  or  the  conveniences  for  do­
ing  business  which  we  now  have.  Then 
the  average  hardware  stock  was  made 
up  more  of  the  articles  of  necessity  and 
common  use,  and 
few  of  those  of  lux­
ury,  with 
little  labor  or  time  expended 
in  arranging  the  stock  to  the  best  ad­
vantage  possible,  as  compared  with  the 
present  time.  Our  hardware  stores  of 
to-day  are 
largely  places  of  tact  and 
taste  in  arrangement  and  of  beauty  and 
interest.  With  improvements  in  manu­
facturing  and  from  the  demands  of  the

the  blacking  of  stoves  for  recreation— 
and  the  hours  of  service  extended  from 
early  morning  until  late  at  night.  At 
the  present  time  the  details  of  business 
are  more  divided  and  the  average  clerk 
or  salesman  is  not  so  much  a  porter as 
then.  The  general  shortening  of  the 
hours  of  labor  has  not  been  missed  by 
the  hardware  men,  as,  except 
in  the 
smaller  towns  or  in  special  seasons, 
early  closing  has  become  general  and 
in  many  towns  we  find  the  doors  closed 
and  locked  at  6  o’clock  and  business  for 
the  day  finished.

Among  the  many  changes  of  the  past 
thirty  years,  there  are,  perhaps,  none 
more 
important  or  to  be  commended 
than  the  growth  of  good  fellowship  and 
kindly  feeling  for  each  other among 
competitors.  Then 
it  was  each  man 
more  for  himself;  and,  while  competi­
tors  in  their  own  vicinity  were  more  or 
less  acquainted,  it  was  not  generally 
accompanied  by  any  feeling  of  friend­

those  old 

Evils  will  creep 

learn  from  each  other’s  experience  the 
best methods of  doing  business  and  they 
do  away  with 
feelings  of 
This  is  largely  an 
envy  and  distrust. 
age  of  concentration  and  co-operation, 
instead  of  so  much  of  individual  effort, 
both  in  business  and  public  affairs,  and 
speaking  now  from  the  standpoint  of 
the 
jobber,  associations  of  retail  mer­
chants  are  to  be  commended  and  en­
couraged. 
in  and 
manufacturers  and  jobbers  may  infringe 
upon  the  rights  of  the  retailers. 
If  so, 
no  one  individual  is  strong  or  powerful 
enough  to  correct  it,  but  the  combined 
efforts  of  all  the  individual  haidware 
men  of  Michigan  will  carry great weight 
and  command  respect  and  attention. 
Through 
trade  organizations  the  job­
bers  and  manufacturers  and  retailers  of 
to-day  are  in  a  position  to  know  better 
the  rights  and  desires  of  each  other 
and  to  correct  business  evils  and  poor 
methods,  without  trouble  or  friction  and 
this indicates  progress  to  a  large degree.
Great improvements and advances have 
been  made 
intelligence 
through  the  enormous  circulation  of  our 
daily  and  weekly  press  and  our  im­
proved  educational  facilities.  This  is 
also  true  of  the  hardware  trade.  At  the 
commencement  of  my  career, 
trade 
papers  were  few  in  number  and  cata­
logues  were  confined  almost  entirely  to 
a 
larger  manufacturers. 
Great  progress  has  been  made  in  this 
direction  and  from  all  of  our  larger 
business  centers  we  have  issued  trade 
journals,  giving  careful  market  reports 
and  conditions,  as  well  as 
current 
Instead  of  a  few  meager  cata­
prices. 
logues,  we  now  find  them 
issued  by 
nearly  all  jobbers  of  hardware  and  so 
carefully  compiled  and 
illustrated  that 
every  retailer  has 
in  his  office  for  in­
stant  use  and  reference,  through  these 
catalogues,a  complete copy  and  descrip­
tion  of  the  sample rooms of jobbers  scat­
tered  all  over  the  country.  Hardware 
dealers  of  to-day  are,  therefore,  in  a  po­
sition  to  be  thoroughly  posted,  not  only 
in  regard  to  prices,  hut  also  to  changes 
and  improvements  and  to  new  styles  of 
goods.

in  general 

few  of 

the 

Even  in  traveling  salesmen  there have 
been  an 
improvement  and  progress 
made  and,  through  their  increased  num­
bers,  jobbers  and  retailers  have  been 
brought  more  closely  in  touch  with  each 
other  and, 
in  my  opinion,  there  has 
been  a  marked  change  in  the  character 
of  the  men  now  representing  trade  upon 
the  road. 
It  has  come  to  be  a  better 
recognized  fact  that  the  traveler  repre­
sents  his  house  in  more  ways  than  one, 
hence  more  care 
is  exercised  in  em­
ploying  men  of  good  character  and 
standing  and  business  capacity  than 
formerly.  Men  of  bad  habits  are  being 
weeded  out  and  the  rank  and  file  of  the 
commercial 
travelers  of  to-day  will 
compare  favorably  in  every respect  with 
any  other  class  of  business  men  and  en­
joy  the  respect  and  confidence  of  their 
employers  to  a  large  degree.

increases 

Among  the  changed  conditions  of  to­
day,  as  compared  with  thirty  years  ago, 
which  may  also  be  termed  a  progress, 
is  that  of  the  gradual  abandonment  of 
long  terms  of  credit  and  the  doing  of 
business  more  on  a  cash  basis.  As  the 
country 
in  wealth  and  pros- 
perity,  goods  are  being  sold  more  for 
prompt  cash  or  short  credit,  and  the 
jobber, 
instead  of  giving  a  regular 
credit  of  four  months,  now  sells  on 
thirty  to  sixty  days’  time  and  the  retail­
ers  are  looking  more  closely  after  their 
cash  discounts 
for  prompt  payment. 
Credits  are  also more closely scrutinized,

ship.  On  the  contrary,  their  intercourse 
was  apt  to  be  constrained  and  they  al­
most 
invariably  entertained  more  or 
less  suspicion  and  distrust.  The  pres­
ent  age  is  quite  the  reverse  of  this  and 
we  see  trade  organizations  and  associa­
tions  in  all  directions  among  the  hard­
ware  fraternity.  The  retailers  and  job­
bers  have  their  local,  state  and  national 
associations  to  harmonize  and  adjust 
differences  and, 
through  this  means, 
they  come  to  know  each  other  better 
and  to  appreciate  the  fact  that  all  the 
brains  and  business  capacity  and  good 
fellowship  are  not  carried  under one’s 
own  hat.  Warm  friendships  are  formed 
through  these  organizations  and  their 
members  are  made  broader  and  better 
business  men.  Business  men’s  associa­
tions,  either  among  retailers  or  jobbers 
do  not  mean  necessarily  combinations 
to  advance  or  control  prices,  but  they 
help  to  bring  men  in  the  same  line  of 
business  closer  together,  so  that  they

trade  the  stocks  of hardware  have  great­
ly  changed.  The  better  financial  con­
dition  of  our  people  has  created  a larger 
demand 
for goods  which  were  formerly 
considered  luxuries.  Where  thirty  years 
ago  the  elevated  oven  stove  was  a  com­
mon  article  in  this  line,  to-day  the  cook 
stoves  and  ranges  and  heaters  are  all 
works  of  art  and  beauty.  The  Janus­
faced  rimlock,  with  the  mineral  and 
porcelain 
japanned  knobs  and  the  old 
style 
joint  cast  butts  of  thirty 
years  ago,  has  been  almost  relegated  to 
the  rear,  and 
its  place  has  come 
a  large  and  varied  line  of  truly  artistic 
builders’  hardware  in  brass,solid  bronze 
or  silver  and  gold  plated  mountings  and 
trimmings.  These  few 
instances  will 
give  us  some  idea  of  the  changes  made 
in  stocks  now  carried and of the progress 
made  in  beauty  of  style  and  finish.

loose 

in 

In  those  early  days  the  average  hard­
ware  clerk  filled  all  positions,  from  that 
of  salesman  to  porter  work— including

M ICH IGAN   TRADESM AN

31

n p H E   O L D   N A T IO N A L  BA N K   of  Grand  Rapids  will 

re­

enter 

its  permanent  quarters  early 

in  October. 
deavor  is  being  made  to  finish  the  Banking  Office 

Every  en­
in  the  most 

m

insure  the  comfort,  convenience  and  safe 
approved  manner  to 
keeping  of  funds  of  every  customer. 
There  are  to  be  private 
apartments for. men  and  women  where  confidential  business  can 

be  transacted.  A special  feature  will  be  the  handling  of  women’s 
private  and  household  accounts.  Meanwhile  the  Bank 
is  trans­
acting  its  customary  business  issuing  certificates of  deposit,  draw- 
inginterest,  Blue  Savings  Books  drawing  interest a t3 percent,  per 

annum  and  attending  to  the  needs  of  its  customers  at  60  Monroe 
Street.  Many  parties  living outside the  city  have  found  it a  great 

convenience to  open  accounts with  this  Bank.

Pimples  and  at 
Blackheads  *£
Are  not  very  ornamental  to  any  one’s 
countenance;  most  people  do  not  like 
them, and to those I wish to  make a sug­
gestion. 
bo  not  keep  everlastingly 
pinching  and  picking  them;  the  most 
good (?) that  sort  of  treatment  gives  is 
the increased irritation and  redder  spots 
for  your  friends  to  notice.  Beware  of 
adulterated  skin  foods;  many  complex­
ions are forever ruined by the  use  of  im­
pure “skin foods.”  Steaming is  harmful 
to the face;  it makes  large  pores, weak­
ens the eyes, shrivels the skin and makes 
it flabby.  Don’t  use  ointment, cream  or 
any greasy substane»  on  the  skin, which 
are apt to make it soft and produce unnat­
ural growths of hair.  Schrouder’s Lotion 
for  Pimples  and  Blackheads  is  a  scien­
tific, exquisitely perfumed toilet prepara­
tion  and  is  perfectly  harmless;  it  gives 
new life to the  complexion  and  keeps  it 
clear.  I guarantee it will rid  the face  of 
the little nuisances, or your money  back. 
It  is  a  necessary  requisite  for the toilet 
table of every person of refinement.

Price  Per  Bottle  $1  00;  Small  Bottles  25  Cents.

T h e   sm all  bottles  can  be  had  of any  d ruggist  or w ill  be  sent  b y  m ail  on  re­
ceip t  of  10 cents  additional  to  cover  postage and  p ackin g  (35c)

Special O ffers
Good Only Until Oct.  i,  1900. 
Any merchant ordering a  card  of 
one  dozen  of  this  Lotion prior to 
Oct.  1. 1900 will receive FREE Of’ 
CHARGE  one-half 
( l4)  dozen 
Schrouder’s Antiseptic Sapodenta 
—the  most  liberal  size  and  the 
handsomest  package  of 
tooth 
powder  ever  offered  to  retail  at 
?5c  per  bottle—cleanses,  whitens 
and  polishes  the  teeth  and  im­
parts  a  healthful  and  fragrant 
breath.  It  is  of  wiutergreen  fla­
vor.  Recommend  it  to  your  cus­
tomers  and  make  new customers 
with  it. 
I  will  send  it  direct 
prepaid 
to  Michigan  dealers. 
Conditions;  All orders to be sent 
direct to  me and contain the cash 
with order.

One  Dozen  on  a  Card.

^
BERAND  SCHROUDER,  Central  Pharmacy,  37  Monroe  St.,  Grand  Rapids.

$2 Per Dozen.
r Cl  DU4C1I. 

,■  

'S

An Enterprising Agent Wanted in  Every Town.
Send for Circular with References.

**'  M

Sr  V

*  V

\ 

r

4 m

vi

M

 G R A N I T E  2 -

The  best  plastering  material  in  the  world.  Fire  proof,  wind 
proof,  waterproof. 
Is  not  injured  by  freezing.  No  glue,  no 
acid.  Ready  for  immediate  use  by  adding  water.

Office and Works, West Fulton and  L. S’ & M. S. R. R.

t

t

t

G YPSU M   PR O D U CTS  MFG.  CO.,

. Manufacturers and  Dealers in

CALCINED  PLASTER,  LAND  PLASTER, 

•

BUG  COMPOUND,  ETC.

Mill and Warehouse:  20« South Front St.  Office: Room 20, Powers’ Opera House  Blk.  ®

Grand  Rapids,  Michigan.

32

M ICH IGAN   TRAD ESM AN

TH E  SPICE  TR AD E.

H abitat  o f th e  Several  V arieties  in  Most 

Com m on  Use.

Probably  no  one  article  enters  more 
generally  into  the  food  of  mankind  than 
is  only 
does  this  one,  spice.  While  it 
is 
in  minute  quantities,  yet  there 
scarcely  an  article  of  food  prepared 
for 
into  which  does  not  enter,  to  a 
man 
greater  or  less  degree,  this  one  item  of 
seasoning.  It  is  doubtless  true,  too,  that 
few  articles  of  commerce  that  are  so 
lit­
generally  used  are  really  known  so 
tle  about,  and 
this  connection 
it 
might  be  of  interest,  in  brief,  to  know 
something  of  the  growth  and  production 
of  this  interesting  commodity,  which  in 
general 
cinnamon, 
cloves,  nutmeg,  ginger  and  pimento.

includes  pepper, 

in 

Black  pepper  is  a  native  of  the  East 
Indies,  but  is  now  grown  in  many  other 
of  the  tropical  countries.  The  common 
black  pepper  of  commerce  consists  of 
the  dried  berries  which  have  become 
wrinkled.  The  two  kinds  common  on 
this  market  are  known  as  Singapore 
latter  known  by  im-
and  Sumatra,  the 

when  ripe  has  a  golden  yellow  color. 
The  fleshy  part  resembles  candied  fruit 
and  is  itself  preserved  and  eaten.  With­
in  this  fleshy  part  is  first  the mace,  then 
a  thin  shell  and  then  the  nutmeg.  Ba­
tavia  produces  most  of  the  nutmeg  used 
in  this  country.  They  are  always  limed 
before  shipping  to  protect  them  from 
the  ravages  of  the  worm  or  beetle.

Ginger  is  a  native  of  the East  Indies, 
but  is  now  grown  in  other tropical coun­
tries.  The  ginger  of  commerce  is  the 
is  dug  up  after  the  stems 
root,  which 
have  withered. 
It  is  prepared  for  mar­
ket  by  scalding  in  boiling  water  to  kill 
it  and  is  then  dried.  This  is  the  com­
mon  black  or  ordinary  unprepared  gin­
ger.

Pimento  (allspice)  is imported  mostly 
from  Jamaica  and  is  known  among  first 
hands  as  pimento,  but 
is  best  known 
among  manufacturers  and  consumers  as 
allspice,  a  name 
it  has  acquired,  no 
doubt,  from  possessing  a  flavor  very 
much  like  a  combination of several other 
spices.  The  grains  are  about  the  size 
of  pepper,  but  are  not  wrinkled.  They 
are  light,  dry  and  easily  ground.

in 

Conditions 

industrious, 

in  all  directions. 

owing  to  closer  margins  of  profit,  and 
are  granted  under  quite  different  condi­
tions.  They  are  not  based  so  much  to­
day  on  actual  cash  resources  alone,  but 
the  applicant  for  credit  must  stand  the 
life 
test  of  an  enquiry  into  his  private 
and  habits 
integrity. 
Capital  is  still  important  in  doing  busi­
ness,  but  it  is  not  the  only  requisite,and 
to-day  the  enquiry  is  also  largely  as  to 
whether  a  man’s  word  can  be  relied  up­
on  and 
is  known  to  be  strictly 
honest.

and  business 

if  he 

in  this  country  an  : 
industry  and  i 

It  is  often  stated that the opportunities 
of  to-day  for  young  men  to  engage  in 
business  for themselves  are  not  so  plen­
tiful  as  formerly,  but  my  observation  is 
to  the  contrary.  There  is  more  capital 
looking  for  investment  now  than  ever 
before  and,  consequently,  a  greater  de­
mand  for  young  men  of  high  business 
ability  and  character.  Young men  with 
small  capital  are  constantly  starting  in 
the  hardware  trade  and, where  they  have 
been  found  to  be  capable  and  honest 
and 
they  have  had  no 
trouble 
securing  a  credit  really 
larger  than  their  cash  capital  entitled 
them  to  and  have  been  assisted 
in  this 
way  to  establish  a  business  for  them­
selves.

as  formerly,  but  our  interests  are  close­
ly  associated  and  connected  with  all 
parts  of  the  earth,  which  results  in  sud­
den  changes,  and  when  we  have  been 
sailing  under  propitious  skies  and  fair 
business  weather,  we often find,  with but 
little  warning,  clouds  appearing  and 
storms  to  contend  with.  On  the  other 
hand,  our  business 
interests  may  be 
thoroughly  depressed  and  our  people 
practicing  the  closest  economy  and  val­
ues  falling 
It  may 
be  caused  by  panics,  continued  poor 
crops,  and  overproduction  and  to  such 
a  degree  that it  seems  to the discouraged 
business  man  as  though  there  was  no 
hope  for  improvement,  yet  during  it  all 
the  forced  economies  have  been  bene­
ficial  and  our  people  have  been  paying 
their  debts  and  our  manufacturers  have 
been  cultivating  the  foreign  markets 
and  our  farmers  have  been  gathering 
good  crops ;  and all of a  sudden  the  sun­
shine  appears  again  and,  almost  before 
we  realize  the  fact,  the  wheels  of  busi­
ness  are 
in  motion  with  increased  and 
growing  home  demands  and,  finally  a 
boom  which  may  last  for  some  time  or 
may  collapse  as  suddenly  as  it  started.
Thirty  years  ago  competition  was  not 
as  keen  as  it  is  to-day  and  goods  were 
in  trade  to-day  are  also 
sold  at  a  better  profit.  Business  was 
different  in  respect  to  the  growing tend­
confined  more  to  its  legitimate  channels 
ency  to  concentration.  This  has  been 
and  hardware  men  sold  hardware,  and 
especially  noticeable  during  the  past  i 
dealers  in  dry  goods  or  drugs  were  con­
two  years. 
Increased  wealth,  business 
tented  to  handle  goods  confined  to  their 
push  and  American  enterprise  have 
particular  line.  The changes  made  have 
gradually  built  up 
not  been  a  benefit  and  can  not  be  prop­
immense  manufacturing 
erly  termed  progress.  The  hardware 
to  such  an  extent,  through  excessive 
man  finds  his  wares  on  the  shelves  of 
competition,that  manufactured  products  j 
grocery  dealers  and  in  dry  goods  stores 
were  cheapened 
in  price  to  the  con-  ; 
to  add  to  his  discomfort,  large 
and, 
sumers  to  a  point  where  wages  for  labor  i 
catalogue  houses 
in  different 
were  forced  down  in every way possible,  < 
cities,  with 
large  capital  at  their  com­
with  then  but  a  small,  if  any,  return for  i 
mand,  are  engaged  in  selling  all  classes 
the  use  of  the  capital  invested.  This  < 
of  goods  direct  to  the consumers through 
overproduction  was  plainly  shown  dur-  I 
the  means  of  the  mails  and  express 
ing  the  years  succeeding  the  panic  of  < 
companies. 
Catalogues  are  sent  out 
1893,  and  the  result  has  been  the  con-  1 
broadcast  by  these  concerns,  giving 
solidation  of great  manufacturing  plants  ] 
prices,  and  goods  are  sold 
for  spot 
into  one  corporation  and  ownership  and  ( 
cash.  This 
innovation  has  not  been 
so-called  \ 
the  advent  of  the  present 
welcomed  by  the  retailers  or  jobbers, 
“’ trusts.”   There  is  a  great  diversity  of  « 
as  both  are  suffering  from  this  unusual 
opinion  as  to  the  wisdom  of  this  latest  i 
and  unfair  competition.  The 
interests 
move  in  our  industrial  world  and  much  < 
of  both  classes  are  so  closely  connected 
opposition 
is  springing  up  against  it  t 
that  it  seems  as  though  both  must  make 
and  the  experiment  will  be  watched  c 
common  cause  of  this  new  condition 
In  any  event  these  1 
with  close  interest. 
in  working  for their 
and 
immense  aggregations  of  capital  are  1 
mutual  protection. 
Individuals  can 
changing  business  conditions  and  old  1 
accomplish  nothing  except  to  fight  this 
methods  are  being  done  away  with  and  1 
new  competition  in  their  own  territory 
i 
are 
and  in  their  own  way,  but  when  the  in­
changes  which  business  men  of  to-day  c 
dividual  merchants  of  this  and  other 
have  to  face  and  contend  with.  After a  s 
states  are  thoroughly  organized,  indi­
viduals  become  powerful  and  can  then 
' 
long  period  of  depression  from  1893  up 
exert  an 
influence  which  will  be  felt 
to  last  year,  the  hardware  trade  sudden-  € 
and  wiil  result  in  some  relief.
ly  found  themselves  facing  rising values 
and  heavy  demands.  From  the  slough  g 
of  despondency,  they  were  seemingly  c 
on  the  topmost  wave  of  prosperity,  and  1 
with  good  reason  to  hope 
for  a  long  I 
period  of  same,yet  within  a  few  months  ? 
we  are  brought  to  face  another  condi-  t 
tion,  that of  lack  of  confidence  in  values  r 
and  a  declining  market,  as  well  as  care-  f 
ful  and  conservative  buying  in  all  di-  J 
rections.  Thirty  years  ago,  as  it  seems  1 
to  me,  business men  could  study  the  sit-  ^ 
uation  better  and  arrive  at  safer con-  t 
elusions  and  look  into  the  future  more  c 
correctly  than  now.  The  whole  world  is  I 
now 
in  closer  touch  through  improved  c 
business  facilities  and  rapid  transit  and  e 
we  are  more  dependent  upon each other,  c 
Large  European  demands  for  our  agri-  r 
cultural  products  alone,  with  poor  crops  c 
in  foreign  countries  and  good ones here,  * 
mean  a  wonderful  difference  to  this  » 
country  and  its  business 
interests.  We  t 
do  not  live  within  ourselves  as  a nation,  a

In  conclusion,  it  is  safe  to  say  that  in 
general,  during  the past  thirty years,  the 
changes 
trade  have 
been  mostly  an  advance  and  denote 
progress.  Competition  may  he  keen 
among  them,but  it  is  usually  of  a  kind­
ly  nature and of  better  business  methods 
through  better  acquaintance  and  busi­
ness  men’s  organizations.  Profits  may 
be  smaller  now,  but  larger  demands  and 
larger  business  compensate  in  a  degree 
for  the  changed  conditions.  Hardware 
stocks  are  greatly  enlarged  and  more 
diversified  and  the  hardware  stores  of 
to-day  as 
interesting  to  visit  as  any 
other  branch  of  trade,  owing  to  the  dis­
plays  and  beautiful  finish  of  the  most 
commonplace  articles.

Some  of  the  changes  have  not,  how­
ever,  been  desirable  and  the  question 
of  catalogue  houses  is  the  m  st  promi­
nent  one,  which  must  be  met  by  the 
combination  of  individual  interests  into 
solid  and  compact  bodies,  which  will 
then  be 
in  position  to  study  the  situa­
tion  in  an  intelligent  manner and,  when 
the  time  for  action  arrives,  to  do  so 
in 
a decisive manner.  D.  C.  Delamater.

inteiesting  as  showing  the  sudden 

in  the  hardware 

join  hands 

located 

The  spice  trade  has  probably  experi­
in  the  past  ten 
enced  greater  changes 
years  than 
in  any  other  period  of  the 
same  length,  due  to  the  incorporation  in 
most  states  of  a  pure  food  law. 
It  will 
be  remembered  by  all  old  grocers,  and 
many  of  the  younger  ones,  that  it  was 
the  rule  of  many  of  the  larger  spice 
houses  to  give  away,  with  each  one hun­
dred  pounds  of  ground  spices,  anything 
from  a  sugar  scoop  to  a  fullgrown  de­
livery  wagon—of  course  the  better  the 
wagon  the 
greater  the  adulteration. 
Quality  was  not  considered  by  many 
and  there  was  absolutely  no  standard  of 
strength.  Not  so to-day.  While  the  term 
“ pure,”   as  applied  to  ground  spices 
now,  does  not  always  mean  par  excel­
lence,  yet  it  should  mean  that  the  goods 
under that  label  are  free  from  adultera­
tion.  Many  complaints  are  made  re­
garding  the  quality  of  the  pure  ground 
spices  now  on  the  market, it  being  often 
stated  that  some  of  the  old  adulterated 
goods  were  preferable 
to  the  pure(?) 
goods  of  the  present  market,  ground 
from  the  dirty,  inferior  stock  and  only 
intended  to  comply  with  the  law  in  that 
they  do  not contain  any  corn  meal,  flour 
or  other  foreign  substance.  The  writer 
is 
inclined  to  agree  to  the  justness  of 
this  criticism;  however,  the  responsi­
bility  for this  condition  of  affairs should 
not  rest  entirely  on  the  spice  millers, 
because  there  is  a  class  of  ordinarily 
good  business  men  clamoring  for  some­
thing  cheap,  cheaper,  until  they  have 
succeeded 
in  getting  some  millers  to 
put  a  pure  ground pepper  on  the  market 
at  a  price  not  exceeding  the 
importer’s 
price  for  a  low  grade  of  whole  pepper. 
is  done  by  mixing  pepper  shells 
This 
and  pepper  dirt  with  a 
low  grade  of 
whole  pepper.  The  production  is  any­
thing  but  desirable  and  only satisfies the 
careless  retailer,  for  certainly  the  con­
sumer  does  not  demand  that"  kind  of 
goods,  and  usually  is  entitled  to  a  bet­
ter  article  if  price  be  considered.  The 
price  between  low  grade  pure  spice  and 
high  grade  pure  goods  is  so  slight  that 
it is  doubtful  if  the  prudent grocer,  after 
careful  consideration,  will  handle  any­
thing  but  the  best,  for  the  best  is  none 
too  good.

Right  here  we  should  not  forget  that 
Michigan  and  nearly  all  her  neighbor­
ing  states  have  good  pure  food  laws  and 
under  the  direction  of 
conscientious 
food  commissioners  are  forging  rapidly 
ahead  in  the  quality  of  the  general  food 
products  on  the  market. 
In  this  con­
nection  we  desire  to  congratulate  the 
people  of  Michigan  on  the  fact  that  the 
seasonings entering into  their  daily  food 
are  pure  and 
generally  wholesome, 
adulterated  spices  having  been  practi­
cally  driven  from  the  market.  This  has 
been  no  small  task  and  much  credit  is 
due  to  Commissioner  Grosvenor  for  his 
vigilance  along  this  line.

M.  R.  Carrier.

porters  and  millers  as  West  Coast.  The 
Singapore  is  the  better  of  the  two.it  be- 
ng  nicer 
in  appearance,  while  at  the 
same  time  it  is  cleaner  and  has  a  better 
flavor,  also  a  much  lighter  color  when 
ground,  which  is  very  desirable.

Cinnamon  is  a  native  of  the  East  In­
dies,  China  and  Japan.  The  cinnamon 
of  commerce 
is  the  b  rk  of  the  tree 
known  by  that  name.  This  tree  is  one 
of  the  wonders  of  nature.  Beside  the 
aluable  properties  contained 
the 
bark,  there  are  the  buds,  known  as  cas­
sia  buds,  which  are  very  rich  in  flavor. 
The  leaves  also  have  a  taste  of  cloves, 
from  which  an  oil  is  made.  The  root 
of  the  tree  contains  camphor  and  the 
fruit  yields  an  oil  called  cinnamon suet, 
which  is  highly  fragrant  and  in  Ceylon 
was  formerly  made  into  candles  for  the 
exclusive  use  of  the  king.

in 

It 

Cloves  are  the  flower  bud  of  the  clove 
tree. 
is  grown  in  many  of  the  trop­
ical  countries  and  especially  in  the  Is­
land  of  Zanzibar  on  the  east  coast  of 
Africa.  This  spice  is  so  rich  in  oil  that 
it  has  been  said  by  some  spice  millers 
that 
it  could  not  be  ground  pure,  lest 
the  mill  should  become  clogged.  This 
not  true,  however— ‘ ‘ where  there’s  a 
will  there’s  a  way.”   Still,  of  necessity 
the  grinding  requires  great  care,  but 
that  is  the  duty  of  the  manufacturer  to 
bestow  or  he 
is  not  in  the  right  busi­
ness.

Nutmeg  and  mace  are  one  produc­
tion,  the  mace  being  the  envelope  of the 
nutmeg.  The  fruit  of  the  nutmeg  tree 
has  much  the  appearance  of  a  pear and

M ICH IGAN   TRADESM AN

33

THE  FINEST 

*

THE

NEWEST

THE

LATEST
DESIGNS  IN

WALL  PAPER
Are  always  in  our  stock.

O U R  PA IN TS  A R E  
P U R E   a n d   FR E SH

W

We  carry  the  finest  line  of 
Picture  Mouldings 
the 
city  and  our  Frame  makers 
are  experts.

in 

Vk

A complete Artists’  Material 
Catalogue  for  the  asking.

C.  L.  HARVEY  &  CO.

59  Monroe  St.,

GRAND  RAPIDS,  HICH.

mm

j

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3 '*,W| fit/1

" " \ i

O FFICE   OF

CENTRAL  CITY  CIGAR  CO.

Sammons  Block,  Francis  St.

W. B. BURRIS,  Prop.

Jackson, Mich, Aug. 20,  1900.

To my Customers and Friends:

I have changed my location to Jackson, 

but am still manufacturing a line of High 
Grade Cigars, and in the near future hope to 
be able to call again on many of you.  I 
would kindly request a trial order by mail of 
my Central City or Little Gentleman,  both 5c 
hand-made cigars.  I also make the  Jacksonian 
10c cigar that is up-to-date in all  respects. 
A trial order of my goods will certainly  con­
vince you that my brands are as fine as are 
made.

With best wishes to you all,  I remain, 

Greenville, Mich.

Yours truly,.

W. B. BURRIS.
Formerly with the Bradley Cigar Co., 

A  SLICE

of  your trade would be appreciated

WE  CUT

prices down  fine.  Drop  us  a  line 

and  see.

S.A.Morman&Co.

GRAND  RAPIDS,  MUH.

WWW

Wholesale  and  Retail 

Lime,  Cement,  Sewer  Pipe, 

Portland  Cement,

Hair,  Plaster,  Stucco.

i®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®«m J

*

»  $
c 
1

I 
?
f r *
k k

-3

* 4
I
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-Í

I 

L

♦  4
Y 4
>>4
V
,  . I

Sectional View of Analytical 
Laboratory of

WALTER  K.  SCHMIDT,  ™„„ 

Analytical Chemist,

84  CANAL  ST. 

GRAND  RAPIDS,  MICH.

CHEMICAL  TESTS  AND  ASSAYS,  MICROSCOPIC  INVESTIGATION,  BACTERIOLOGICAL  EXAMINATION

Of Baking  Powder,  Soap, Tea, Coffee, Chocolate, Cocoa,  Dyes,  Cheese,  Butter,  Beer,  Wines, Whisky,  Carbonated  Beverages,  Meats  Syrups  Blood  Feces,  Gas­
tric  W e   Saliva  Semen  Canned Goods,  Vinegar,  Preservatives,  Disinfectants,  Embalmmg  Fluids,  Malt  Extracts,  Sp.ces,  Ores,  Sugar,  Diastase,  Pepsm,  Pancreatme. 
Soils,  Infants’  F^ods,  Dietetic  Products.  Fertilizers.  Fabrics,  Coal,  Coke,  Oils,  Pus, Stains,  Ale,  Drinking  Water,  Mineral  Water,  Urine,  Sputum,  Wall  Paper,  Drugs, 
Chemicals,  Milk and  Boiler Water.

34

T H E   B U T T E R   T R A D E .

B r i e f   R e v ie w   C o v e r i n g   t h e   P a s t   F if t e e n  

T e a r s .

A  detailed  review  of  the  progress  of 
the  butter  trade  for  a  decade  or  so  past 
is 
in  a  brief  article.  The 
more  important  phases  only  can  be  em­
phasized.

impossible 

All 

line  of 

lines  of  business  have  made  no­
table  progress,  some  of  them  unob­
served,  many  of  them  marked,  none 
more  so,  perhaps,  than  the  hutter  trade. 
To  show  the  advancement  in  this  par­
ticular 
industry  we  shall  trace 
its  history  under  the  following  heads, 
hoping  thereby  to  be  more  definite:
1.  Mode  of  handling  butter 
fifteen 
years  ago.  2.  Growth  of  the  dairy  in­
terests.  3.  Cold  storage  and  its  effect 
upon  the  market.  4.  Legislation—the 
Grout  Bill.  5.  The  outlook.

1. 

Fifteen  years  ago,  except 

in  lo­

M ICH IGAN   TRADESM AN

into  existence,  in 
buttermaking  came 
this  country.  This  was 
through  the 
efforts  of Alanson Slaughter.  His  system 
soon  spread  into  Canada,  Sweden,  Den­
mark  and  other  countries  of  Europe, 
and  has  been  one  of  the  chief  causes 
of  raising  the  standard  of  hutter  and 
thereby  greatly  increasing  its  consump­
tion. 
In  1862  the  butter  product  of  the 
United  States  was  500,000,000  pounds. 
In  twenty  years 
to
1,500,000,000  pounds,  and  at  present  has 
reached  a  grand  total  of  over  2,000,000,- 
000  pounds,  while  the  entire  dairy  prod­
ucts  of  the  United  States  during  the 
past  year  approximated  nearly  S800,- 
000,000.  As  a  result  of  this  immense 
rogress  a  dairy  literature  has  come  in­
to  existence  and  dairy  associations  are 
common  in  every  state  in  the  Union.

increased 

it  had 

3. 

The  importance  of cold  storage  to 

the  butter  producers  of  the  country  can 
scarcely  be 
estimated.  Were  dairy 
products  to  be  placed  upon  the  market

2  to  10  cents  per  pound  on  oleomarga­
rine  when  colored  to  resemble  butter, 
and  reducing  the  tax  to  %  cent  per 
pound  on  that  not  so  colored;  also  to 
give  the  states  the  right-of  jurisdiction 
over  imitation  dairy  products 
imme­
diately  upon  entering  their  horders.  An 
agency  sufficient  to  keep  close  surveil­
lance  over  the  production  and  sale of all 
imitation  hutter  products  can  stop  noth­
ing  short  of  the  Government 
itself. 
There  is  hope  so  long  as  there  is  agita­
tion,  and  a  few  years  will  witness  the 
enforcement  of  laws  for  the  full  protec­
tion  of  one  of  the  greatest  industries  of 
this  country.

5.  The  outlook 

is  full  of  hope  and 
encouragement.  The  spread  of  intelli­
gence  among  the  producing  masses  nat­
leads  to  more  refined  tastes  and 
urally 
higher 
ideals  and  the  outcome 
is  an 
uplift  all  along  the  line.  The  leaven 
literature,  of  legisla­
of  discussion,  of 
tion,  will  work  more  marvels 
in  the

M o tto e s   o f   t h e   R o t h s c h ild s .

When  a  man  attains  anything  like 
success 
in  this  world,  his  opinion  on 
“ how  to  get  there”   is  always  eagerly 
sought  by  the  thousands  who are anxious 
to  do  likewise. 
If  the  great  men  of  any 
age  were  to  answer every  call  made  up­
on  them  to  say  a  few  words  on  the  basis 
of  their  successes,  they  would  have  no 
time  for  anything  else  and  would  soon 
be  reduced  to  a  state  of  nervous  and 
physical  exhaustion.  To  the  credit  of 
successful  men.  however, 
is  to  be 
said  that  the  majority  of  them  are  quite 
ready  to  give  profitable  advice  to  the 
world  at  large,  if  they  are  only  allowed 
to  do  it  in  their  own  way.  Some  regard 
the  daily  press  as  being  the  most  suit­
able  medium  for  the  purpose,  others  fa­
vor  the  rostrum,  while  still  others  write 
and  publish  books.

it 

It  remained,  however,  for  the 

late 
Alphonse  de  Rothschild  to  put  into  epi- 
grammatical 
form  a  statement  of  the 
elements  upon  which  he  based  the  suc­
cess  of  his  famous  house.  As  being  the 
utterances  of  this  famous  member  of 
perhaps  the  richest  family  in  the  world, 
the  following  are  well  worthy  of  careful 
consideration :

“ Carefully  examine  every  detail  of 

your  business. ”

“ Be  prompt  in  everything.”
“ Take  time  to  consider,  but  decide 

positively. “

“ Dare  to  go  forward.”
“ Bear  troubles  patiently.”
“ Maintain  your  integrity  as  a  sacred 

thing. ”

“ Never  tell  business  lies.”
“ Pay  your  debts  promptly.”
“ Make  no  useless  acquaintances. '*
Can  any  one  question  the  usefulness 
of  the  advice  thus  presented?  Will  any 
young  man  go  astray  from  following 
this  guide  to  success?

H u tto n s   M arie  F r o m   Potatoe*»«

Buttons  made  from  potato  pulp  adorn 
many  a  woman’s  dress.  The  invention 
is  quite  new,  the  process  of  a  Dutch­
man  named  Knipers.  He  treats 
the 
waste  pulp,  itself  a  residue  from  the 
manufacture  of  the 
artificial  potato 
flour,  with  a  solution  of  acid  and  gly­
cerine.

The  resulting  compound  takes 

the 
form  of  a  speecies  of  stickphast,  which 
is  dried  and  ground  to  powder.  This 
powder  is  molded  into  blocks  with  the 
aid  of  water,  very  much  as  one  uses 
plaster  of  paris.

There 

is,  however,,  this 

important 
difference.  The  new  compound  can  be 
cut  and  turned  and  bored  and  used  for 
every  purpose,  from  buttons  upward,  in 
which  it  was  formerly  customary  to  use 
bone  and  ivory.

Many  a  woman  is  wearing  this  season 
buttons  which  she  fancies  are  ivory, 
but  which  are  really  only  potato  pulp.

From  potato  buttons  to  wooden  silk 
dresses 
is  only  a  step.  Remarkable  to 
relate,  wood  can  be  utilized  for  soft, 
flowing  gowns.  Wood  pulp  silk  has 
long  been  a  staple  industry  in  the  St. 
Etienne  district  of  France.  By  certain 
secret  chemical  processes  the pulp  is  re­
duced  to  a  syrupy  condition.

It  is  then  forced  into  tubes  full of  tiny 
holes  through  which  it  emerges  in  the 
form  of  fine  silklike  threads.  These 
are  speedily  dried  by  being  passed 
through  a  hot  atmosphere,and  are  forth­
with  wound  on  bobbins  ready  to  be 
woven 
into  silk.  The  appearance  of 
this  unique  product  is  said  to  be so  nat­
ural  that  even  experts  have  mistaken 
it 
for the  genuine  article.  It  is,  of  course, 
infinitely  cheaper.

Y e w   T r e e   I n j u r i o u s   to   C a t t le .

From  the American  Lumberman.

In  EnglantJ  the  yew  tree  is  supposed 
to  be  injurious  to  cattle,  and undoubted- 
jy  does  often  prove  so,  although in  other 
instances  no  ill.  effects  are  noticeable. 
It  has  been  decided  in  that country  with 
due  official  solemnity  that  where  the 
branches  of  a  yew 
tree  overhang  a 
neighbor  s  land  and  cattle  or  horses  eat 
trom  the  overhanging  branches, the  own­
er  of  the  tree  is  liable  for  any  resulting 
if  the  animals  put  their 
damage:  but 
heads  over  the  boundary 
in  order  to 
reach  the  tree  they  become  trespassers.

indiscriminately,  without 

calities  where  creameries  were  estab­
lished,  the  mode  of  handling  butter  was 
quite  primitive  and  unsystematic.  Too 
much  was  left  to  chance.  Butter,  gath­
from  miscellaneous  sources,  was 
ered 
mixed 
ref­
erence  to  condition  or  quality. 
It  was 
stored  in  packages of questionable origin 
and  unsavory  reputation  and  left  to  ab­
sorb  a  multiplicity  of  flavors,  most  of 
them  unpalatable,  to  which  butter  is  so 
susceptible.  Unskilled  labor  was  em­
ployed  to  prepare  the  product  for  mar­
ket,  ignorant  of  the  nature  of  butter 
and  the  demands  of  the  trade,  conse­
quently  indifferent  to condition,  style  of 
package  and  other  details. 
Fifteen 
years  ago  the  farmer’s  wife  had  no 
conveniences 
in  the  direction  of  han­
dling  milk  and  manufacturing  butter. 
Ice,  refrigerators  and  family  creameries 
were  only  occasionally 
in  use.  Good, 
bad  and  indifferent  butter  went  at  the 
same  price  in  the  market.  Why.  then, 
should  the  thrifty  housewife  make  an 
extra  effort  to  produce  a  fine  article 
when  a  poor  one  brought 
the  same 
price?  The  country  merchant  has  dis­
carded  the  fallacy  that  a  uniform  price 
must  be  paid  for  all  grades  of  hutter 
and  now  buys  upon  merit,  the  same  as 
he  buys  other  products  of  the  farm. 
The  cause  for  such  change  is  not  hard 
to  find—a  demand  from  the  consumer 
for  a  better  article,  resulting in  a  higher 
price  to  the  producer.  Marked  as  the 
change  has  been  along  the 
lines  men-1 
tioned,  there  are  still  opportunities  for 
improvement.  Farmers  have  much  to 
learn 
in  the  raising  of  profitable  cows 
and 
in  their  proper  care  as  to  food, 
drink,  comfort  and  sanitation.

2.  American  dairying,  as  a  specialty, 
is  scarcely  a  century  old.  The  nations 
of  Europe,  particularly  England  and 
Holland,  practiced  the 
industry  as  a 
specialty  during  the  Sixteenth  Century 
and  thus  the  early  emigrants  to  this 
country  brought  a  certain  knowledge, 
but  crude,  of  the  art  of  butter  and 
cheesemaking  with  them.  Farmers,  in 
those  early  times,  kept  a  stock  of  cattle 
for  beef,  working  oxen  and  cows  for 
breeding  purposes 
supply  home 
wants.  The  first  co-operative  associa­
tion  for  the  manufacture  of  dairy  prod­
ucts  in  the  United  States  was  formed  in 
1800,  bv  Elder John  Leland.  This  was 
a  cheese  factory’,  and  it  is  said  that  the 
company  asked  every  person  within 
reach  of  the  factory  who  owned a  cow  to 
contribute  a  day  s  milking  for  a  mons­
trous  cheese  to  be  made  and  presented 
to  President  Jefferson. 
This  cheese, 
when  made,  weighed  1,600  pounds,  and 
its  delivery  to  the  President  was  a  no­
table  event  of  those  times. 
It  was  not 
until  1862  that  the  associated  system  of

to 

as  manufactured,  prices would  be  forced 
to  a  point  far  below  all  profit,  in  a  ple­
thoric  market.  Cold  storage  affords  an 
opportunity  of  equalizing  the  supply, 
thereby  more  nearly  securing  a  uniform 
price  throughout  the  season.  By  actual 
statistics,  shown  by  the  transactions  of 
buyers,  butter  was  bought  for  five  cents 
per  pound  fifteen  years  ago  of  the  grade 
that  now  brings  13  to  14  cents  on  the 
market.  This  marked  change 
is  due 
largely  to  the  effect  of  cold  storage.

4-  Nearly  all  the  legislation  for  the 
protection  of  the  butter 
interests  has 
come  into  existence  within  the  past  fif­
teen  years. 
Thirty-two  states  have 
passed  laws  prohibiting  the  sale  of  im­
itation  hutter 
in  its  various  forms,  at­
taching  severe  penalties  for  violation  of 
the  same. 
In  most  cases  the  laws  of  all 
these  states  have  been,  and  are,  fla­
grantly  and  openly violated by manufac­
turers  of  oleomargarine.  The  purpose 
of  the  Grout  Bill  is  to  raise  the tax,from

hutter  industry  in  the  next  decade  than 
this  country  has  witnessed  in  any  quar­
ter  of  a  century  of  its  history.

H.  N.  Randall.
B a n a n a s   a s   A g a in s t   O t h e r   F o o d s . 

From  the Rio News.

Banana 

lovers  will  be  delighted  to 
know  that  their  favorite  fruit  contains 
72  per  cent,  of  water,  2.14  per  cent,  of 
nitrogenous  matter  and  22  per  cent,  of 
saccharine  substances. 
It  is  the  22  per 
cent,  of  sweets  in  the  banana  which 
makes  it  a  nutritious  food.  A  Mexican 
chemist  has  been  comparing  bananas 
with  wheat  and  potatoes  for  food,  and 
has  arrived  at  the  conclusion  that  for 
the  same  space  and  under the  same  con­
ditions  of  cultivation  the  production  of 
bananas 
is  forty  times  that  of  potatoes 
and  100  times  that  of  wheat.  He  has 
figured  out  that  an  area  of  land  which 
will  raise  enough  wheat  to  feed  six  men 
will  produce  enough  bananas  to  feed  150 
men.

The 

lumber  trust  has  branches 

every  tree.

in 

M ICH IGAN   TRADESM AN

35

RUBBERS  Nothing  but  RUBBERS

GOOD  RUBBERS-Though

BANIGANS

AND

WOONASQUATUCKETS

“ NUFF  SED."

S

EDWARD  R.  RICE,

Selling  Agent,

CHICAGO. 

BUFFALO.

a t

MICHIGAN  SALESMEN:

ED.  D.  HUTCHINSON,  No.  30  Winder  Street,  Detroit,  Mich.

C.  W.  ALLISON,  No.  267-9  Franklin  Street,  Chicago,  III.

N.  H.  LONG,  No.  267=9  Franklin  Street,  Chicago,  III.

ü

«

S
f

S

se

O t’K  FORKIGN  T R AD E.

A m e r i c a   M u s t  P a y   M n r e   A t t e n t io n  1«  H e r  

C u s t o m e r s .

In  the  year  lSgo  the  population  of  the 
State  of  New  York  was  within  3,000  of 
being  6,000,000  persons. 
In  the  vear 
iSqi  the  population  of  the  Dominion  of 
Canada  was  4,833,000  persons.  In  brief, 
one  of  the  great  states  of  our  countrv 
had  nearly  a  million  and  a  quarter more 
inhabitants  than  the  vast  British  de­
pendency  known  as  the  Dominion  of 
Canada.  Furthermore,  at  this  time  the 
population  of  Canada  was  decreasing 
and  its  debt  per capita  was  increasing. 
Exactly  the  contrary  was  and  is  true  of 
the  United  States.

This  has  always  been  the  cause  of 
great  wonderment  to  me.  On  one  side 
thousands  and  thousands of farmers were 
happy  and  prosperous. 
In  the  foreign 
land,  with  soil  not  greatly  different 
from  that  to  be  found  in  Ohio,  Indiana 
and  Michigan,  were  fewer  farmers  and 
those  were  less  prosperous  and  not  con­
tented. 
In  fact,  they  were  and  are  so 
badly  off  that  their  young  men  and 
you; g  women  are  continually  streaming 
across  the  river  to  find  better  employ­
ment  and  prospects 
in  America  than 
they  could  in  Canada.

In  the  Canadian  cities  and  villages I 
one  finds  the  same  crusty  resentment  l 
which  is  to  be  found  in  the  unfortunate 
portions  of  the  South.  Mothers  are 
radiant  because  their  sons  are  doing  I 
better 
in  the  States,  fathers  are  surlv 
because  their  tine  pride  and  fair patriot­
ism  will  not 
let  them  admit  that  the 
pulse  of  progress  beats  feebly  in Canuck 
land,  and  that  the  iiery  energv  of  later 
day  civilization  burns  more  freelv  and !
steadily  across  the 
know  it.

border.  But

?v  all

For one  hundred

vears  the  two  coun-
tries  hsve  been developing
si multa-
neous i y
In  many res pects  theii natural
ad vantages  were
equa .  Yet at  the
present
time  the comp.arative v  small
area  of the  State  o New York  has  more
inhabit;ints  than the  whole  of Canada
and  inuneasurabiy create r  weak h.  Sta-
tisticiai is  and  stiidents and  a] oiogists

Canada  wil

M ICH IG A N   TRAD ESM AN

him  to  go  home 

take  a  look around j  his  foreign  customer  had  no  methods  of

The 

his  own.

same  complaint 

to  see  if  it  is  not  so.  Ask  him  to  look 
at  the  average  home  life  of  his  coun­
try  and  see  what  measure  of  content- 
mmt  he  rinds.  Tell  him  to  bring  on  his 
standard  of  pretty  girls  and  manly  boys 
and  sturdy  men  and  staunchly 
true 
women  and  we  will  have  a  show-down 
for points.

from  South 
American  countries 
is  so  old  that  it 
seems  hardly  worth  repeating.  Millions 
of  dollars  worth  of  American  shoes  are 
sold  in  South  America, but  they  are  sold 
through  German  jobbers.  It  is  the  same 
shoe  which  our  merchants  are  trying  to 
What  s  all  this  got  to  do  with  the  ex­
sell  down  there,  but  the  German  knows 
pansion  of  American  trade—the  subject 
how  to  sell  and  we  do  not.  The  South 
which  I  am  assigned  to  write  about?  It 
long  time  and  other 
American  wants 
has  everything 
consi  erations. 
The  American  does
o 
w ild   CUUU'UO. 
X 11c 
rvuici ILdil  UUCS
spirit  has  produced  the  highest standard  not want  to  grant  the time nor to give the 
of  living  on  earth.  We  make  and  build  other  considerations.  The  German  sim- 
and  grow  to  meet  the  requirements  and  | ply  charges  a  higher  price for  an  Amer­
exactions  of  that  standard. 
In  striving 
ican  made  shoe  to  cover  the  cost  of  the 
tor  this,  our  ingenuity  and  expediency 
favors  and  sells  the  goods.  The  South 
labor-saving  and  economic  devices 
American  does  not  care  about  the  price. 
have  surpassed  the  efforts  of  all  other 
He  wants  to  be pleased. 
This  German 
progressive  peoples.  At  first  we  had 
salesman 
is  the  premier.  None  other 
the  best  and  then  had  the  best  at 
lower 
can  touch  him  in  South  America.  He 
prices.  This,  of  course,  is  dealing  with 
has  a  smattering  of  all  forms  of  the 
averages.  We  are  excelled  bv  other
Spanish  and  Portuguese  languages.  He

to  do  with  it.  T h D 1 *-
-- 

----- 

-- 

- 

Americans  are  not 

the  same.  The  enterprising  and 
in­
genious  American  is  apt  not  to  be  satis­
fied  with  continuing  to  sell  an  article 
when  there  have  been  improvements. 
He  offers  the  new  and  better  article  at 
If  he  does  this  without 
the same  price. 
regard  to  the  native’s  fondness 
for  the 
label,  he  is  apt  to  lose  the  trade.
same 
linguists.  They 
ram  around 
in  all  parts  of  the  world, 
speaking  English  or  broken  Americano, 
trying  to  do  business.  They  lnok  upon 
all  other  peoples  who  are  not  like  them 
as  freaks.  Their  curious  eyes  are  seek­
ing  peculiarities. 
they 
talk  to  their  wives,  children  and  friends 
when  they  return  to  America.  They  do 
not  learn  the  ordinary  and commonplace 
side  of  the  foreigners.  They  do  not 
become  familiar  with  the  home  side  of 
their  distant  customers.  They  know  all 
about  their  customers 
in  Idaho,  Mis­
souri  or  Maine—they  are  prepared  to 
sympathize  with  any 
little  detail  of 
life.  They  know  how  much  it  costs  to 
be  bom,  to  marry  or  to  die.  They  know 
what 
it  costs  to  educate  children  and 
what  these  children  are  doing  every 
minute  of the  day  while  they  are  being 
educated.

About  these 

The  seller  of  goods  establishes  his  re­
lationship  and  sympathy  on  a  common­
place  and  personal  basis.  The  two  un­
derstand  one  another.  The  seller  knows 
why  miners  need  one  kind  of  shoes 
and  the 
lumber  jacks  another.  He  is 
ready  to  supply  both  needs.  He  knows 
the  exact  price  that  clothing  should  be 
sold for for children  of  families in differ­
ent  grades  of  social  or  industrial  life. 
He  can  talk  intelligently  on  all  these. 
He  patiently  and  minutely  studies  all 
these  needs.  He  knows  that  unless  he 
gives 
to  detail  and 
price,  he  can  not  sell  that  customer.

satisfaction  as 

Yet  it  is  very  different  when  this  sell­
er  of  goods  begins  dealing  with  the  for­
eigners. 
In  the  first  place  he  is  apt  to 
have  only  an  imperfect,  if  any,  under­
standing  of  the  language  of  the  man  he 
is  about  to  do  business  with.  There­
fore,  it  is  almost  impossible  for  him  to 
get  to  know  his  customer  and  get  in 
sympathy  with  his  daily 
The 
American  is  more  apt  to  look  upon  his 
customer  as  a  singular  freak.  He  is 
only  going  to  do  business  with  him  for 
a  few  days  and  then  he  will  get  his 
money  and  his  big  profit,  and  that  is 
| the  end  of  the  foolish  fellow  who prefers 
to  live  as  an  Oriental,  rather  than  as  an 
American.

life. 

Anneri

We

nation  of  boaster-
hear  this  trom  our I peoples 
often  that  becom -: things  and  huv 
be  inclined  to  ac-
t,  in  sober  truth. and  cheaper  than  we.

-----   -----------------
the  prodiaction  of  many
iron1  foreigners  many
things  which  others can  make  better

in 

we  were  a

There

makers 

Yet.  in  my  experien 
many  men  who  are  c 
cuss  the  subject,  it  is 
American  supremacy

if interviewing 
netent  to  dis- 
knowiedge  of 
of
;  things—this  knowledge  of  our  own  su- 
1  perior  methods  and  products— which  is 
the  handicap  of  Americans  in  advanc­
ing  their  commerce  with  new  countries.
■  The  American  is  apt  to  know  that  his 
:  way 
is  the  best  and  that  his  article  is 
1  the  best  and  insist  upon convincing  the 
foreign  buyer that  such  is  the  case.  As 
;  Wu  Ting  Fang,  the  Chinese  Minister, 
puts  it.  the  American  wants  to  do  busi­
ness  sb  China  as  though  it  were  Wall 
Street.  He  thinks  about  deliveries  and 
payments  as  though  he  had  American 
. hanks  and  American  carrying  concerns , 
for  h;s  convenience.  He seeks  his  sixty, 
ninety  or  more  da v s   pavments  as though j

can  chuck  chubby  babies  under  the 
chins 
in  any  lingo.  He  plays  leading 
lover  pans  for  the  senioritas  in  a  defer-|  . 
ential  sort  ot  a  way.  Notoniy  this,  but 
he  has  his  catalogue  printed  in  all  these 
Spanish  forms.  He 
is  really  a  useful 
is  always  welcomed.  The 
man.  He 
because  he! 
American 
is  satisfactor 
spends  a  great  deal  of  menev.
is  tolerated  because  he  is 
Englishman 
is 
respectable,  and 
the  Southerner 
always  polite,  while  the  German 
is 
made  one  of  them  and  accepted  as  an 
ordinary  and  commonplace  but  desir­
able  convenience.

Mr.  Worcester,  the  American  Phiiip-
ssioner, says  that  when  the
»prove an article  they  re- j
label and  will  have  no
eir  trade is  to  be  heid  on :
the  sel 1er most  go on  year j
umishing the  same  label.  !

Fiiipinos  a; 
member  the 
other, 
if  ti 
this  article, 
after  year  f 
He  may  change  the 
but  the  surface  markin

'

, 

As  a  matter  of  fact,  the  Oriental  is  a 
product  of  a  very  ancient  civilization. 
In  the  course  of  a  few  thousand vears  he 
has  tried  many  ways  of  living  and  has 
arrived  at  the  one  he  is  now  using— to 
him  long  experience  has  shown  it  to  be 
It  is  certainly  entitled  to con­
sideration.  These  millions  and  millions 
of  Orientals  live  their  lives  in  an  ordi 
J narv  manner  suiting  the  customs  of
^ountr>> having  their  little  troubles 
little 
joys  the  same  as  other  peo-

J an<» 
pies,  and  are  not  freaks.

If  the  American  would  get  the  bes 
advantage  of 
the  commerce  of  th 
| world,  he  will  first  understand  the  pec 
pies  of  the  world,  and  then  try  to  giv 
, them  what  they  can  buy  to  add  to  th 
j conveniences  and  comforts of  their  01 
dinary  and  commonplace  lives. 
If  the 
want  a  safety  pin  with  a  peculiar  de 
vice,  give 
I)o  not  try  t 
force  upon  them  the  Americans' 
favor 
•ite  by  saying :  "S ee  that  knob  on  this 
It  makes  the  best  safety  pin  in  th< 
world.  You  should  discard  the  one  vo

it  to  them. 

Cie.  possibly,  jare  using." 
must  remain j  That 

is  all very  well 

in  America

M ICH IGAN   TRADESM AN

37

THE  PEOPLE’S  CHOICE

jfijt  F A L L   1900

P u r i t a n   S p e c i a l

T H E   BEST  H A T  M AD E  T O   R E T A IL   A T   $3.00.
H.  GATES  &  CO., 

Detroit,  Mich.

= 

- 

G

N E W   W H O L E S A L E   H A T   H O U SE .

|  Crocker-Wheeler  Machinery* 

Sawyer-Man  Lamps  i

G.  R.  Electric  Co.

9  South  Division  Street

GRAND  RAPIDS,  MICHIGAN

Wholesale  Supply  Dealers

^he  Gappop  &  Beftsch  Leather  Go,

1 0 0   Capai  St., 

 Gfapd  papids,  |Vlichigap.

A

38

M ICH IG A N   TRAD ESM AN

it 

where  by  means  of  advertising 
the 
American  public  can  be  taught  to  take 
little  pink,  woolly  pills  to  keep  the  hair 
from  coming  out. 
In  many  countries 
our  superior  advertising  facilities  are 
lacking,  and 
is  a  slow  process  to 
teach  the  people  to  take  different  sizes 
and  colors  of  pills  for  different  com­
plaints.  The  English  and Germans  give 
their  distant  customers  what  they  want 
liked  at 
regardless  of  what 
home.  The  American 
is  slow  to  do 
this.

is  most 

While  he  can  prove  to  the  satisfac­
tion  of  any  sensible  man  in  the  world 
that  his  article 
is  the  best  and  most 
suitable  for  his  customers,  it  does  not 
do  him  anv  good  to  prove  it.  The  other 
fellow  who  understands  the 
life  and 
habits  of  the  native  will  furnish what he 
wants  and  spend  no time  in  convincing 
him  that  he  wants  something  else.  Here 
is  where  the  supreme  confidence  of  the 
American 
is  a  handicap.  He  is  a  nat­
ural  bom  reformer.  He  not  only  wants 
to  be  happy  and  comfortable,  but  he 
wants  to  force  everyone  else  he  comes 
in  contact  with  to  be  happy  and  com­
fortable 
in  the  same  way  and  by  the 
same  methods.

His  little  children  at  home  keep bank 
accounts  and  pay  the  expenses  of  their 
doll  housekeeping  with  checks and keep 
double  entry  accounts.  Every  American 
knows  the  convenience  of  our  business 
methods.  From  childhood  up,  every 
American  business  man 
is  seeking  to 
facilitate  the  expedience  of  business 
transactions.  We  all  know  the  value 
of  discounts  and  how  to  borrow  cheap 
money  to  save  pennies  in  business.  But 
the  South  American  wants  to  take  ten 
months  or  more  to  pay—don’t  care  what 
in  our 
the  price  is  and  has  no  interest 
business  methods. 
If  we  want  to  sell 
him,  we  must  have  an  interest  in  his. 
We  must  please.

All  this  is  written  by  a  man  who  does 
not  know  very  much  about  business 
methods  and  never  sold  a  dollar’s  worth 
of  goods  in  a  foreign  country  and  never 
bought  anything  in  foreign countries but 
victuals  and  clothing.  He  has,  however, 
talked  to  a  great  many  men  who  are  in­
terested 
in  the  foreign  end  of  trade. 
They  all  have  the  same  thing  to  say: 
America  does  not  pay  enough  attention 
to  her  customers.  Commercially speak­
ing,  we  are  arrogant  and  dictatorial 
when  abroad. 
In  Kansas  the  commer­
cial  traveler  is  willing  to 
join  the 
Methodist  church  to  sell  a  bill  of  goods 
to  the  leading  harness  dealer.  Yet  his 
concern  will  send 
to 
Mexico  with  no  instruction  to  be  con­
ciliatory  towards  the  customers.

traveling  men 

About  a  year  ago,  Gulchowski  warned 
the  people  of  Germany  against  Ameri­
can  business  men  and  manufacturers. 
He  said  that  they  were  the  great  manu­
facturers  and  commercial  people  on  the 
face  of  the  globe— he  said  that  they 
had  built  up  their  own  country  and 
would  now  invade  other  countries  with 
their  goods,  which  were  superior  and 
cheap.  He  warned  the  Germans  that 
they  must  wake  up.

There  can  be  no  question  but  what 
America  is  to  be  the  greatest  furnisher 
of  manufactured  goods  of  any  nation  in 
the  world.  She  will  distance  the  others 
so  rapidly  that  in  a  few  years  they  will 
not  be  mentioned  in  the  same  class. 
It 
is  only  in  a  few  years  that  America  has 
turned  her  attention  seriously  to  foreign 
commerce.  Up  to  this  time  the  reach­
ing  out  for  foreign  trade  has  been mere­
ly  incidental  to  domestic business.  Now 
that  the  mind  has  been  set  in  that  di­
rection  and  American  energy  has  been

turned,  wonderful  things  will  be  accom­
plished  in  a  few  years.  Yet  it  is  worth 
while  to  heed  the  experienced  traders 
and  remedy  some  of  the  present  meth­
ods.-

This  is  no  place  for  figures,  but  it  al­
most  goes  without  showing  that  Amer­
ica  need  have  no  great  fear of  England 
or  of  Germany. 
represents 
what  England  can  do 
in  America. 
Canada  slowly  growing  weaker,  while 
America  is  becoming  the  greatest  giant 
the  world  ever  saw,  is  an  illustration  of 
the  British  spirit.

Canada 

In  a  comparatively 

few  years  our 
backyard,  the  Pacific,  will  be  as  impor­
tant  as  our  frontvard,  the  Atlantic,  and 
the  United  States  will  control  the  com­
merce  of  the  Pacific. 
It  will  have  more 
of  the  trade  of  the  world  than  all  other 
nations combined.  These are conclusions 
without  premises,  but  the  American
spirit  is  the  best  proof  of the  statement. 
In  that  we  have  confidence.

Otto  Carmichael.

W hy  th e  B oy  W as  Fitted  to B e a L aw yer.
The  great  lawyer  was  just  ready  to  go 
home  when  his  office  door  was  rudely 
pushed  open  by  a  tall,  shabby 
looking 
man  who  entered,  leading  by  the  hand 
a  remarkably  impudent-looking,  twelve- 
vear-old  boy.  The  man  sank 
into  a 
seat  without  being  asked,  while  the 
hoy  went  over  to  the  bookcase and gazed 
wistfully  at  the  calf-bound  volumes.

“ Well,  sir,’ ’  said  the 

“ what  can 

lawyer,  with 
I  do  for 

some  asperity, 
you ?’ ’

“ Say,  mister,’ ’  said  the  man,  speak­
ing  in  a  low  tone  of  voice,  “ I  want  you 
to  take  my  son Willie into your office’ ’— 
“ Very  sorry,”   began  the  lawyer,  half 

rising.

“ Wait  a  minute,  wait  a  minute,”  
said  the  man,  hastily. 
“ Willie  ain’t 
like  other  boys,  Willie  ain’t.  He’d  be 
a  treasure  to  any  first-class  lawyer,  W il­
lie  would.  Knows  more  law  than  some 
¡men  three  times  his  age,  Willie  does.”  
“ Really,  I  don’t  care  to  hear  any 
more  about  W illie,”  
interrupted  thé 
lawyer.  “ I  tell  you,  that  1  have  no  va­
cancy  in  my  office  just  at  present.”  

“ Make  one— make  one,”   whispered 
the  man,  hastily.  “ It’ ll  pay  you.  Why, 
Willie  has  been  a  lawyer ever  since  he 
was  bom.  As  soon  as  he  could  talk, 
he  told  his  ma  he’d  apply  to  the  courts 
for  an  injunction  if  she  didn’t  take  the 
pin  out  of  his  swaddling  clothes.  When 
he  got  a  year  or  two older  and  learned 
how  to  print,  that  boy  drew  up  a  con 
stitution  and  by-laws  for  the  regulatipn 
of  the  nursery  and  pinned  them  to  the 
wall.”

“ Really,  you must  excuse  m e,”   mut­

tered  the  lawyer,  wearily.

“ Wait  a 

little,”   said  the  man,  feel­
ing 
in  his  pocket  and  pulling  out  a 
soiled  scrap  of  paper,"this is  his  latest. 
The  other  day  I  told  him  to  give  his 
brother  an  orange.  He  did  it,  and  gave 
him  this  along  with 
it;  wait  while  I 
read  it :

“   ‘ Brother  George  Adolphus,  I  here­
by  give,  grant  and  convey  to  you all  my 
interest,  right, 
title  and  advantage  of 
and 
in  said  orange,  together  with  its 
rind,  skin,  juice,  pulp and  pits;  and  all 
rights  and  advantage  therein,  with  full 
power  to  bite,  suck  or  otherwise  eat  the 
same,  or  give  away  with  or  without  the 
rind,  skin,  juice,  pulp or pits;  anything 
hereinbefore  or 
in  any  other  deed  or 
deeds, 
instruments  of  any  nature  or 
kind  whatsoever  to  the  contrary  in  any 
wise  withstanding.’  ”

“ That’s  all  his  own  work,”   said  the 
man,  proudly,  “ and  I  thought 
if  I 
brought  him  over  here,  you’d  find  him 
a  position  as  manager  or  something. 
That  boy 
is  too  bright  to  be  at  school 
any  longer.  What  do  you  say?”

But  the  lawyer  had  fled 

leaving  the 

office  in  possession  of  the  applicants.

For  every  successful  man  you  meet 
you  will  meet  a  dozen  unsuccessful  ones 
who  claim  to  have  given  him  a  start.

is  _ 

7 7  

1
1 Lyon, Kymer &| 
t
i  Palmer Co. 

m
f§  
gg  W e  cordially 
invite  the  trade  to  inspect  the  jg| 
g|  most  carefully  selected  assortments  we  have  ^  
m  ever exhibited,  among which  are  the  following:  §|
Mg
Jgl 
Photograph  albums,  autograph  albums,  scrap  albums,  atomize»s,  | |  
m   cuff  and collar boxes, cigar cases,  cribbage  boards  and  boxes,  frames,  «2 
m   glove and  handkerchief  boxes,  jewel  cases,  lap  tablets,  manicure  sets  gji 
g g   and fittings,  music  rolls, mirrors, necktie  cases,  opal  ware,  odor  bottles,  g g  
Mg  photo cases,  shaving sets,  smokers’  sets,  toilet  sets  and  fittings,  trinket  g g  
«1«  boxes,  thermometers,  work  boxes,  medallions,  fancy  waste  baskets  ¿¡¡i
______________________« 2
S 3 _____________________  

■ 

H
m
m
n
m
m
m

TOYS

Iron and mechanical  toys.  A,  B,  C  blocks,  building  blocks,  tool 

chests,  parlor croquet, games,  black boards.

BOOKS

Standard and  miscellaneous, juveniles,  twelves  mos.,  sixteen  mos., 
illustrated books,  bibles  and  testaments,  Episcopal  prayer  books  and 
hymnals, Catholic prayer  books,  school  books,  standard  sets,  encyclo­
paedias, new novels, etc.,  etc.,  etc.

Lyon,  Kymer  &  Palmer Co.

Booksellers,  Stationers,  Importers

ao and 33 Monroe Street 

Grand Rapids, Michigan

M ICH IGAN   TRADESM AN

39

K I N G   C O A L .

R e m in is c e n c e s   a n d   P r e d ic t io n s   o f   a   L o c a l 

H a n d le r .

F ew   people  probably  a p p reciate  the 
gen erosity  of  nature 
in  her  wonderful 
g ifts.  E ach   succeedin g  year  adds  new 
gem s  to  the  alread y  glitterin g   crown  of 
our  Creator.  T h e  good  people  of  M ich ­
iga n   should  be  grateful,  indeed,  for  the 
lavish   m anner  in  w hich  our  Creator  has 
bestow ed  upon  h is  people the  alm ost  in ­
exh austible  su p p ly  of  natural  resources. 
T h e   p rim itiv e  forests  of  M ich ig an   were, 
indeed,  a  m ost  w onderful  g ift.  How 
beautiful  must  have  been  the  Peninsular 
forests  of 
State  w ith  her  m agnificent 
w a r r io r   oak,  sugar  m aple  and 
the  a l­
most 
in exh austib le  pine  and  hem lock, 
tow ering  heavenw ard,  alm ost  scra p in g 
the  clouds 
th eir  flight  from  lake  to 
lake.

in 

in gen u ity, 

T h e  ruthless  axe  of  the  woodsmen, 
how ever,  has  robbed  nature  of  its  p rim ­
in  th eir  stead,  we 
itiv e   beauties  and, 
find  golden 
fields  of  gra in   and  b ea u ti­
ful  orchards  of  fruit.  T h e  evolution  of 
c iv iliza tio n   has  w rought  such  w onderful 
ch anges  in  the  past  decade  that 
it  now 
becom es  necessary  to  look  for  some  fuel 
for  com m ercial  and 
other  than  wood 
in ­
household  purposes.  H ow ever,  the 
com prehensible  and 
inexh austible 
re­
sources  of  nature,  together  w ith  A m e r i­
sk ill  and  energy,  a l­
can 
w ays  respond 
to  our  needs  and  herein 
lies  the  cause  of  our  m arvelous  success 
as  a  great  nation.  A fter  a  silen t  slu m ­
ber  of  centuries,  nature  a gain   responds 
to  the  requirem ents  and  dem ands  of 
m an  by  u n locking  the  coal  m easures  of 
the  S ag in aw   V a lley .  W e  find,  upon  re- 
v ièw in g   the  coal  statistics  of  the  State, 
that  up  to  and  in clu d in g  1875  only  3 5 °»* 
000  tons  of  coal  were  produced  in M ich ­
igan .  From   1875  to  l8<?8  there  w as  an 
average  annual  production  of 
about 
80,000  tons,  the  p rin cip a l  portion  being 
m ined  in  Jackson  county.  It  w ill,  there­
fore,  be  pbserved,  w h ile  coal  m inin g  in 
for  m any  years  has  been  a 
our  State 
prom inent 
industry,  it  never  reached  a 
sufficient  m agnitude  to  perm it  sh ip p in g 
of  any  consequence.

is  being 

plenty,  perhaps  few  people  realize  the 
force  of  this  expression.  The 
latent 
power  of  the  billions  of  tons  of  coal 
stored  within  the  b'owels  of  the  earth 
is 
as  incomprehensible  as  time  and  space, 
it  is  impossible  to  exhaust 
except  thar 
the  first,  while  coal 
con­
sumed  at  such  a  rapid  pace,  it  makes 
one’s  brain  whirl  while  analyzing  the 
annual  tonnage  statistics.  Perhaps  it 
would  not  be  out  of  place  to  consider 
briefly  the  magnitude  of  the  coal  indus­
try  of  the  United  States  and  our  present 
unique  position  in  the  world’s  coal mar­
ket.  Twenty  years  ago  English  coals 
were  exported  to  nearly  every  civilized 
country  in  enormous  quantities  at  such 
prices  that  American  coals  could  not 
compete.  To-day,  however,  our  ships 
are  sailing  from  Baltimore,  Newport 
News, Norfolk  and other Atlantic ports to 
Capetown,  Marseilles,  Port Said,  Triste, 
Tampico,  Havana,  the  Baltic  Sea  and 
many  Mediterranean  ports,  loaded  with 
the  American  production,  competing 
with  the  best  English  and  Welsh  coals. 
Competent  authorities,  both 
the 
United  States  and  England,  assert  that 
it 
is  only  a  question  of  a  few  years 
when  American  coal  will  command  the 
world’s 
few 
months  ago,  Great Britain engaged 450,- 
000  tons  of  Pocahontas  coai  for  her  own 
use  in  the  navy.

trade.  Only 

export 

in 

a 

The  writer’s  prediction 

is  that  one 
hundred  years  hence  the  whole  world 
will  come  to  realize  that  “ King  Coal”  
is  the  greatest  of  all  monarchs  and  that 
his  dwelling  place 
is  throughout  the 
length  and  breadth  of  a  great  nation 
that  “ Knows  no  king  and  no  con­
queror.”  

A rthurs.  Ainsworth.

H e   F o u n d   O u t.

He  was  a  city  man.
He  raved 

loudly  against  monopolies 

everv  time  he  paid  his  gas  bills.

He  declared  himself  in  favor  of  mu­

nicipal  ownership  of  public  utilities.

He  used  to  write  letters  to  the  papers 

on  the  subject.

the  daily  paper.

One  day  he  saw  an  advertisement  in 

lar  and 
bills!”

The  advertisement  read,  “ Send  a  dol­
learn  how  to  save  your  gas 

He  hastened  to  send  his  dollar,  im­

In  1898  the  coal  fields  of  the  Saginaw  
V a lle y   were  developed   to  such  a  extent 
as  to  brin g  the  product  of  the  State  up 
to  over  300,000  tons. 
In  1899  M ich igan  
produced  over  600,000  tons,  increasing 
her  output  98  p e rc e n t.  T h e  produc­
for  1900  is  estim ated  at  1,200,000 
tion 
tons. 
declare 
that  it  is  only  a  question  of  four  or 
five 
years  when 
the  Sagin aw   V a lley  w ill 
produce  at  least  2,000,000  tons  of  coal 
per  annum .

Com petent  authorities 

W ith  only  a  lim ited   home  m arket  and 
three  railroads  com peting  for  th is  ton­
nage,  it  can  be  read ily  seen  that  a  good 
cheap  fuel,  suitable  for  both  steam   and 
d om estic  purposes,  is  at  our door.  W hen 
we  com e  to  realize  that  from   5  t°   10  Per 
cent,  of  the  cost  of  our  liv in g   expenses 
is  p a id   out  for  fuel,  it  at  once  becom es 
apparent 
the  coal  fields  of  M ic h i­
gan  w ill  prove  to  be  a  great  natural  a d ­
vantage 
to  our  people,  reducing,  or,  at
least,  h old ing  down,  the  cost  of  one  of
the  n ecessities  of 
as 
the  household, 
w ell  as  our  m anufacturing  interests.

that 

T h e  w riter  engaged   in  the  coal  b u si­
in  1881,  about  one  year  before  the 
ness 
issue  of  the  Trad esm an.  A t  that 
first 
there  were  used  in  G rand  R a p id s 
tim e 
not  to  exceed   40,000  tons  of  all  k in d s  of 
coal.  A t  the  present  tim e  it  requires  not 
less  than  200,000  tons  to  m eet  the  re­
quirem ents  of  our  progressive  and  ev er­
gro w in g  city .

We  often  hear  the  expression,  “ Coal 
in  a  great  land  of

is  king.”   Living 

the  next  few  days 

mediately.

He  went  around 
with  a  happy  smile.

company.

He  was  eager to  get  square  with  the 

In  course  of  time  the  answer  came.
He  opened  it  eagerly  and  read :
“  D e a r  s ir,  y o u r  e n q u iry   an d  

fe e  

re ­

c e iv e d .

“ How  to  save  your  gas  bills?  Paste 
them  in  a  book,  and  keep  the  book  in a 
safe  place.”

Then  he  swore.  He  swore  long.  He 

swore  ardently.

W h a t   H e r   F a t h e r   S a iil.

He— Did  you  speak  to  your  father 

about  our  engagement?

She—Well,  not  exactly;  but  I  told 
him  you  were  thinking  of  getting  mar­
ried.

He— And  what  did  he  say?
She—He  said  he  wasn’t  surprised  to 
hear  that,  for  you  never  did  have  much 
sense. 

_____

S e llin g   R e g a r d le s s   o f   C o st.

Clerk  (to  employer)— What  shall  I 

mark  that  new  lot  of  black  silk?

Employer— Mark  the  selling  price  at 

$3  a  yard.

Clerk— But  it  only  cost  $1  a  yard.
Employer— I  don’t  care  what  it  cost. 

I  am  selling  it  regardless  of  cost.

A  hutcher  in  New  York  uses  some 
quaint  cards  in  his  store  windows.  One 
that  has  been  permanently  displayed 
reads:  “ Meat-ing  house  for  all  Sects.”  
Another  runs, 
“  Lucky  bettors  win  the 
stakes.  Lucky  people  can  not  win  any 
better  steaks  than  we  sell  here.”

w

\

( 

USINESS  MON )  IN S P E C T  
EFORE  YOU 
UY  YOUR
LANK  BOOKS
Or  W rite  Me  for  Prices.

STOCK

„ Y  

1  HAVE  OVER

250  Styles 

Of  Memorandums,  P a ss 
Books,  Price  Books  Order 
Books,  Tally  Books,  Expense 
Books,  Etc.,

I 

100  Styles

Of  Blank  Books,  composed 
of  Ledgers,  Journals,  Day 
Books,  Cash  Books,  Cash 
Sales  Books,  Trial  Balances, 
Letter  Copying  Books,  Etc.,

From  which  to  make  a  selection.

When  I  say  that  I  have  a  good  500  page  ledgier  for  50c  and  a

i
i  better one for $5.00  it  may  give  you  some  idea  of  the  variety  of 

I  WILL  M.  HINE.  Commercial  Stationer,

goods  I  carry.

|  

49 Pearl  St. 

GRAND  RAPIDS,  MICH. 

Phone 529.

j: Maddocks Glove Co. Ej
j© 

116 Jefferson  Ave.,  Detroit,  Mich.

The  best  goods  at  lowest  prices. 

° \

£ One  of  Our  Many  Good  Sellers 2

No.  300  full covered  calf  mitt,  welted,  knit  wrist

$4.50

per doz. 

°<

3

Nov.  i  dating, 6 off  io.  Other numbers  equally  ^  
as good value.  You  want  the  best  to  be  had  ©j 
for the  money,  then  write  us  for  samples  n o w .  ©\

(jUUUt J  Jt 

J . A 

SUL X  

4 0

M ICH IG A N   TRAD ESM AN

implies  a 

the  stranger within  our  gates.  The  fact 
that  our  Board  of  Trade  has  been  pos­
sible 
foundation  of  public 
spirit  not  vouchsafed  to  cities  of  less 
commercial  importance  and,  indeed,  to 
few  of  whatever  commercial  power  in 
the  same  proportion  of  activity  and 
in­
fluence  to  population  represented.

factors  needed  to 

If  the  student  of  civic  and  commer­
cial  greatness  should  ask,  “ What  are 
the 
insure  the  best 
type  of  a  Board  of  Trade?”   he  would 
consciously* he  asking,  “ What  factors 
make  a  city  great?”   The  fact  that  the 
citizens  of  an  American  city  can  realize 
to  the  full  the  purposes  of  a  progressive 
Board  of  Trade  is  simply  another  »ay 
of  saying  that  their  city 
is  already 
great,  or 
least  making  winning 
strides  to  greatness,  for  the  elements  of 
success  are  necessarily  now  hard  at 
work,  under  capable 
leadership,  and 
success  can  not  be  withheld.  To  one 
who  has  had  dealings  with  these  factors

at 

C I T Y   B U I L D I N G

A s   E x e m p lif ie d   b y  

t lie   L o c a l  B o a r d   o f  

T r a d e .

interests, 

The  Board  of  Trade  ideas,  as  exem­
in  the  status  and  growth  of 
plified 
Grand  Rapids’  business 
is 
the  best  type  of  mercantile,  manufactur­
ing  and  commercial  co-operation  to  be 
found  to-day  outside  of  those  legally 
tabooed,  but  commercially  honored,  or­
ganizations  known  as  trusts. 
It  is,  in­
deed,  an  expression  of  the  same  sage 
business  wisdom  that  dictates  the  amal­
gamation  of  one  hundred  thousand 
in­
terests  into  one  interest;  it  directs  one 
hundred  thousand  separate  and 
indi­
vidual  campaigns  for  the  city’s  ad­
vancement  into  one  united  and powerful 
campaign,  and  just  as  the  trust,  prop 
erly  managed,  must invariably cut  down 
expenses  and 
increase  earnings,  so 
does  this  municipal  compact,  the  Board 
of  Trade,  succeed  in  its  chattered  pur­
pose  of  promoting  the  public  welfare 
through  the  city’s  welfare.

This  Board  of  Trade  idea  is  in  har­
mony  with  the  political  and  business 
principles  of  the times.  While  our  civil 
government 
is  the  best  form  of  pure 
democracy  that  man  has  yet  been  able 
to  devise,  this  system  exists,  we  have 
been  lately  reminded,  only  on  the  basis 
of  centralized,  powerful  and  stable  fed­
eral  government.  The  recent  passage  of 
our  Nation  through  peril  of  foreign  war 
and  our  conscious  serenity  when  again 
confronted  with  the  prospect  of  partic­
ipation  in  another  gigantic  conflict  are 
vindication  enough  for  this  strong  re­
publican  centralization.

in 

In  commercial 

life  this  principle  of 
complete  unification  has  been even more 
perfectly  developed.  We  are  no  longer 
a  nation  of  individuals  engaged 
in­
dividual  business  pursuits.  Whether 
like  it  or  not,  it  is  the  spirit  of  the 
we 
age  to  organize,  centralize,  unify 
for 
thousands  to  act  commercially  as  one. 
This  demand  for  organization,  co-oper­
ation,  united  strength  and  central  direc­
tion  has  come  to  be  recognized  in  near­
ly  every  department  of  life.  It  is  equal­
ly  needed  to  run  a  base  ball  nine  or a 
Sunday  school.  It  has  become  necessary 
to  act  out  the  system 
in  careful  and 
costly  detail to determine  the  will  of the 
people  at  every  political  election.  Even 
the  realm  of  art  has  had  to  mold  its 
brightest  ideals  into  a  like  pattern,  and 
the  annual  tours  of  the  great  opera sing­
ers,  for  example,  must  needs  be  shaped 
on  the  basis  of  comprehensive  organiza­
tion  on  the  part  of  attraction  managers.
This  situation,  as  I  take  it,  is  but  the 
adaptation  of  the  old-time  military 
spirit  to  all  the  affairs  of  life.  What, 
may  I  ask,  has  always  been  the  watch­
word  of  success  in  war  but  discipline, 
discipline?  We  have 
learned,  in  pur­
suit  of  the  arts  of  peace,  that  the  same 
method  is  applicable  here,and  only  this 
method.  Discipline 
in  the  military 
sense 
is  to  be  translated  as  “ scientific 
co-operation,”   commercially  speaking. 
Scientific  co-operation,  applied  to  the 
affairs  of  a  city,  yields  what  discipline 
and  power  together  insure  in  the  work 
of  war.  And  this  brings  me  back  to 
my  point,  that  the  Board  of  Trade  idea 
in  city 
is  the  best  expression  of 
modern  business  methods— it  typifies 
that  “ scientific  co-operation”   without 
which  nothing 
in  modem  times,  save 
absolute  genius,  can  hope  to  win  suc­
cess.

life 

I  find,  therefore,  abundant  ground  to 
congratulate  Grand  Rapids  on  the  per­
fect  stage  to  which  this  bureau  for  the 
public  good  has  been  developed  and  is 
to-day  maintained.  It  explains  much  to

of  what  has  been  said  concerning  the 
wisdom  of  co-operation. 
It  has  been 
our  first  object,  in  the  development  of 
the  Grand  Rapids  Board  of Trade,  care­
fully  to  make  up  and  maintain  working 
committees— each  with  a  responsible 
head,each  responsible  for  a  given  work, 
each  responding  with 
loyality,  with  a 
working  interest  on  the  part  of its  entire 
membership 
that  could  not  be  de­
veloped,  I  am  sure,  by  any  other  sys­
tem.  Not  only  do  active,  responsible 
committees  do  more  work  than  could  a 
single  official,  hut  each  committee,  hav­
ing its regular  duties,  its  regular  officers 
and  its  regular  meetings,  accomplishes 
more  to  develop  working  esprit de  corps 
among  the  business  men  of  a  city  than 
any  other  agency.

The 

legitimate  campaign  of  such  a 
civic  bureau  of  publicity  and  promo­
tion  can  be  even  more  briefly  stated :

I.  Attracting  notice.  2.  Attracting 
visitors.  3.  Attracting  trade.  4.  At-

tracting  new  enterprises,  in  the  form  of 
men,  money  and  industries.

The  rewards  of  such  system  and  effort 
can  be  summed  up  briefer  yet :  Suc­
cess.  Success  has  no  criterion. 
It  al­
lows  no  further  comment  than  the  re­
minder  that  success  for  the  city  means 
success  for the  whole  people.

Commercial  co-operation  on  such  a 
basis  has  many  subordinate  advantages. 
It  conserves  economy  of  time,  effort, 
money.  But  that  was  anticipated  in  al­
luding  to  its  lineage  with  trusts.

There  are  distinct  benefits,  too,  which 
are  apparent  only  to those  in  confiden­
tial  touch  with  every 
local  commercial 
interest.  These  may  never  rise 
into 
publicity,  but  they  are  thè  more  forceful 
for  it.  Let  me  hint  at  but  one  arising 
in  the  experience  of  Grand  Rapids : 
The  furniture 
interest  not  only  is  the 
chief  one  of  the  city,  but  its  represen­
tatives  are  among  the  controlling  fac­
In  times
tors 

in  the  Board  of  Trade. 

influence, 

past,  when  the  city  was  younger  and  its 
commercial  bureau  was  just  developing 
its  potent 
there  were  sup­
posed,  erroneously,  to  be  conflicting  in­
terests  among  competing  firms,  and  this 
led  to  more  or  less jealousies,bickerings 
and  antagonisms.  Did  these  ever  reach 
the  public—even  become  known  to  our 
own  citizens?  Nay;  the  Board  of  Trade 
as  arbiter  was  able  to  suppress  them  all 
and  to  harmonize  factional  differences 
within  its  own  councils,  to  the  credit  of 
public  spirit  and  mutual  progress.  But 
for  this  court,  many  a  contest  of  rivals 
would  have  come  to  be  refereed  by  the 
people,  with  eventual  damage  to  the 
name  of  this  market.

Again,  such  a  bureau  often  protects 
business  firms  against  fake  schemes  to 
get  money 
for  “ public”   enterprises 
which  are  in  fact  advertising  privateer­
ing.  This  was  illustrated  but  recently 
in  our  c ity :  A  company  of  advertising 
and  write-up 
specialists  announced 
their  coming  to  Grand  Rapids  by a  spe­
cial  car  as  the  servants  of  four great 
Eastern  newspapers  which,  they  said, 
large  sums  to  acquaint 
were  spending 
the  East  with  the  business 
importance 
and  opportunities  of  the  Middle  West. 
Every  arrangement  was  made  to  enter­
tain  the  guests 
in  the  sumptuous  and 
dignified  manner characteristic of Grand 
Rapids.  The  Board  of  Trade,  at  con­
siderable  personal  inconvenience  to 
its 
members,  met  the  visitors 
in  special 
session.

“ Gentlemen,  you  can  have  a  page 
write-up  in  the  four  papers  we  repre­
sent,  and 
it  will  cost  you  just  $2,850,”  
was  the  proposal  of  the  spokesman.

The  members  of the Board  counselled, 
when  they  had  recovered  from their  sur­
prise-  for  they  had  consented 
to  an 
audience  with  journalists,  not  advertis­
ers.

“ We  do  not  want 

it,”   voted 

the 

Board.

“ Have  you  any  objection  to  our  can­
vassing  for  individual  support?”   asked 
the  visitors.

“ No  objection  whatever,”   said  the 
Board;  and, 
indeed,  an  officer  of  the 
Board  went  with  the  visitors  to  intro­
duce  them  to  representative  business 
firms.  This 
is  what  the  canvassers  got 
in  quick  succession :

From  the  first  firm  interviewed:  “ So 
far  are  we  here  from  advertising  furni­
ture  under  the  name  of  the  firm  manu­
facturing  it,  that  we  are  all  parties  to  a 
common  agreement  looking  to  ^he use  of 
the  sole  trademark  ‘ Grand  Rapids’  up­
on  all  makes  as  a  united  guarantee  of 
quality.  Besides, 
in 
such  general  matters  only  through  the 
Board  of  Trade,  and  whatever the Board 
does  we  will  be  bound  b y.”

firm  acts 

this 

The  second  concern  visited 

said : 
“ See  our  Board  of Trade,  gentlemen.  It 
will  be  useless  for  us  to  canvass  your 
proposition.  We  shall  co-operate 
in 
whatever  the  Board  outlines,  so  go  di­
rectly  there. ”

At  the  third  stop  the  canvassers  were 
told :  “ See  the  Board  of  Trade,  as  that 
body  acts  for  us  in  all  matters  of  pub­
licity.  We  will  bear  our  share  of  what­
ever  expense  the  Board  contracts. ’ ’ 

Another,  and  another,  business  house 
said:  “ Gentlemen,  we  will  co-operate 
cheerfully 
in  whatever  the  Board  out­
lines,etc.  We  will  do nothing  as  indi­
viduals,  etc.,  etc.”

The  committee  at  length  stopped  for 

breath  in  the  street.

“ It  appears  to  be  a  cinch  gam e,”  
said  the  canvasser-in-chief  after  reflec­
tion,  “ and  I  see  no  need 
in  going 
further  into  this  situation.  It  is  evident 
that  Grand  Rapids  business  men  and 
the  Grand  Rapids  Board  of  Trade  have 
a  complete  understanding  and  a  method 
not  easily  altered.”

Such  spontaneity  of  action 

is  only 
possible  where  there  is  in  existence  the 
sort  of  a  commercial  machine  with 
such  a  backing  as  I have  ju  t  eulogized. 
Such  factors  are  of  prime  importance  in 
the  life  of  every  ambitious  city.

H.  D.  C.  Van  Asmus.

it  is  easy  to  epitomize  the  forces  abso­
lutely  needed  to  insure  the  working  of  a 
Board  of  Trade  of  the  best  type,  and 
it 
is  to  the  possession  of  these  elements  in 
her  civic  and  commercial  life that every 
city  must  aspire :

1.  Unification  of 

interests  to  the 
point  of  city  altruism,  where  purely  in­
dividual  gains  are  forgotten.  This 
is 
patriotism.

2.  Co-operation  to  the  point  of  per­
fect  automatism.  This  involves  the  dis­
cipline  of  good  citizenship.

3.  Systematic  work,  which  means 
business  methods  reduced  to  a  science.
4.  A policy  of eternal aggressiveness, 

without  halting  or  vacillation.

It 

is  civic  virtues  such  as  these  that 

have  made  Grand  Rapids  famous.

There 

is  one  detail  of  bureau  man­
agement  more  important  than  any  other 
for  success 
in  this  work—the  careful 
organization  and  the  routine  service  of 
committees.  This  is  but  the  application

M C H

GAN TRADESM AN

H.  LEONARD  &  SONS

G R A N D   R A P ID S ,  MICH.

HOUSE FURNISHING GOODS. GLASSWARE. CROCKERY. 

NOTIONS AND HOLIDAY GOODS IN CHINA  DOLLS.  TOYS.  ALBUMS 
CASE GOODS, BOOKS AND NOVELTIES OF EVERY  DESCRIPTION

Vim ol one of our sample rooms, the entire display now being on our second lloor and covering a space, devoted  to samples only, ot  10.500 so nave leet.

FOR  TH E   H O LID AYS

I R R E S I S T I B L E   N O V E L T I E S ,   L O W E S T   P R I C E S

It  is  now  an  accepted  fact  that  Catalogue  Prices  are  the  low< 
only argument.  Our  catalogue  is  one  of the  best  and  our pric< 
than  most  firms  and  as  low  as  any. 
If you  are  not  on  our  mai
its prices  it will  save you  money,  S U R E .

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They  have  to  be,  as  that  is  their 
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st  send  for  a  copy.  If  you watch

M ICH IGAN   TR A bESM A N

of  the  city,  was  exclusively  with 
lum­
bermen  and  farmers,  and  how  we  did 
dread  the  rainy  periods  of  spring  and 
fall  when  the  roads  were  impassable  by 
reason  of  the  mud  and  our  customers 
could  not  come  to  town!

There  were  no 

factories  making 
pressed  tinware,  the  result  being  that 
every  establishment  had  to  run  a  well- 
equipped  tinshop  for  making  pieced 
ware,  stovepipe,  elbows,  etc.,  besides 
doing  general  job  work, from  putting  up 
conductors  and  eave  troughs  to  making 
steam pipes of copper  for our river boats, 
at  §i  per  pound  for  the  copper  and  $8 
per  day  for  coppersmith  and  helper. 
I 
remember,  also,  that  we  paid  75  cents 
per  dozen 
for  making  common  stove 
pipe  elbows,  we  furnishing  tools,  shop 
room,  stock,  heat  and  light.

There  was  much  barter  in  the  early 
days  of  the  hardware  trade  in  Grand 
farmer  raised 
Rapids.  Anything  the 
could  be  changed 
for  goods.  Wood,

in 

the 

convenient  place 
floor  of  the 
salesroom  was  a  trap  door  leading  to 
the  bin  in  the  basement.  After  weigh­
ing  the  bag—they  were  usually  brought 
in  a  bag—the  contents  were  shaken  out 
into  the  bin,  stones  and  ail,  for  even 
the  honest  farmer  would  sometimes  not 
be  careful  in  filling  the  bag.  When  the 
bin  was  full  and  trade  quiet,  the  “ cub” 
was  sent 
into  the  bin  to  assort  and 
for  shipment  to  Eastern 
sack  ready 
I  should  think  1  spent 
paper  mills. 
nearly  half  of  my  first  year  in  the  rag 
bin,  working  by  the  light  of  a  coal  oil 
lantern  or  candle,  and  this  reminds  me 
that  I  can  remember  when  the  only  lan­
tern  made  or  sold  in  our  establishment 
used  a  candle  as  a  means  of  light. 
It 
was  constructed  of  tin,  with  a  light  of 
7x9  glass 
front;  in  fact,  our  first 
production  had  no  glass,  the  rays  of 
light  coming  through  slits  cut  in  the 
tin  with  what  was  called  a  “ lantern 
chisel.”  
I  doubt  if  there  is  a  “ lantern

in 

most  disappeared  and  we  have 
the 
lighter granite  and  polished  steelware. 
The  steel  knife  and  fork,  with  wood  or 
bone  handle,  has  given  place  to  fine 
plated  or  sterling  goods.

The  old  and  clumsy  counters  have  to 
some  extent  disappeared, 
their  place 
being  taken  by  handsome  plate  glass 
show  cases,  filled  with  attractive  goods. 
Barbed  wire  for  fencing  now  employs 
the  capital  formerly 
in  mill 
and 
logging  supplies,  while  sporting 
goods  occupy  the  space  formerly  taken 
up  by  heavier  and  rougher  goods  neces­
sary  in  a  newly  settled  country.

invested 

The  old  wooden  carpenter planes  have 
given  place  to  the  lighter  iron  tool,  in 
endless  variety.  The  old  boring  ma­
chines  are  nearly  a  thing  of  the  past, 
and  shop  work  by  machinery  has  made 
unnecessary  many  carpenter  tools  which 
were  constantly  called  for.

I  think  the  most  important  and  grati­
fying  change  that  has  been  made  in  the 
hardware  business 
is  the  change  from 
imported  goods  to  those  of  American 
manufacture.  American  iron,  American 
steel,  American  tinplate,  and  the  man­
ufactured  products  thereof,  constitute  95 
per  cent,  of  a  stock  of  hardware  at  the 
present  time,  while 
in  1862  about  as 
arge  a  proportion  was  imported.

Wilder  D.  Stevens.

42

FORTY  YEARS  IN  H A R D W A R E .

Som e  C hanges  W hich  F ou r D ecades H ave 

W rought.

furnish 

You  ask  me  to  furnish  an  article  for 
the  eighteenth  anniversary  number  of 
your  valuable  paper,  which  will,  in  a 
measure, 
your  readers  with 
some 
information  as  to  the  difference 
in  methods  of  conducting  the  hardware 
business,  as  we  are  accustomed  now  to 
know  them,  and  conditions  eighteen 
years  ago.

The  first  thought  is  that  this  an  easy 
thing  to  do,  that  there  have  been  great 
changes  in  eighteen  years,  and  that  one 
can  easily  fill  a  column  or  two  inenum 
erating  them,  but  I  find  it  a  very  diffi­
cult  task  to  write  a  satisfactory  article 
confined  to  the  experiences  of  so  short  a 
time.

It  is  true  that  in  eighteen  years  there 
have  been  many  changes,  both  in  goods 
and  in  methods.  A  score  of  years  ago 
we  had  more  trade  with  lumbermen  and 
less  with  furniture  manufacturers. 
It  is 
within  this  period  of  time,  I  think,  that 
the  old  iron  cut  nail  has  been  displaced 
by  the  steel  cut  nail,  and  it  in  turn  by 
the  steel  wire  nail,  now  almost  ex­
clusively  used. 
I  would  not  like  you  to 
ask  me  to  go  back  and  give  you  a  his­
tory  of  changes  which  have  taken  place 
since  Wilder  D.  Foster  started  the  first 
tinshop 
in  this  city  in  1837,  for  this  is 
only  a  matter  of  hearsay  and  I  would 
not  be  good  authority.  Neither ask  me 
to  commence  with  1845,  when  the  firm 
of  Foster  &  Parry  was  formed,  for that, 
while  a  matter  of  record,  was  before 
my  time.

I  have  before  me,  a.s  I  write,  the  arti­
cles  of  co-partnership  above  referred  to, 
dated  July  22,  1845,  in  which  I  find  the 
following  sentence:
“ They  each  of  them  have  this  day 
paid 
in  the  full  sum  of one  hundred 
and  fifty  dollars  to  be  used,  laid  out  and 
employed 
them, 
in  the  management  of  said  trade  and 
business,  to  their  mutual  benefit  and 
advantage. ”

in  common  between 

Ask  me  to  tell  you  some  of  the 
changes  which  have  taken  place  in  the 
hardware  business  during 
the  past 
thirty-eight  vear<  and  a  more  extended 
article  can  be  written.  Strange  as  it 
may  seem,  I  think  it  is  a  fact  that  as 
we  grow  older  we  live  over  again  in  our 
minds  the  days  of  our  youth.  We 
live 
in  the  past.  We  remember  much  more 
vividly  the  happenings  of  our  daily  life 
when  young  than  we  do  the  occurrences 
of  later  life.  So 
it  seems  I  remember 
more  distinctly  the  early  methods,  the 
class  of  goods  handled  and  the  people 
we  did business  with.

D ried  Oysters  From   China.
From the New Orleans Times-Democrat.

looked  exactly 

the  name  of  Confucius 

‘ A  few  days  ago,”   said  a  New  Or­
leans  Bohemian,  “ I  dropped  in  to  see 
my  friend  Lee  Yip,  who  keeps  what  he 
calls  a  ‘ glocely  stol, ’  which  is  as  near 
as  he  can  come  to  grocery  store.  He 
gave  me  an  excellent  cigar  and  present­
‘ What 
ly  he  said:  ‘ You  like  dly  ostel?’ 
in 
is  “ dly 
ostel?” ’  I  asked,  before  I  realized  that 
he  was  talking  about  dried  oysters. 
Come !  I  show,'  he  replied ;  and,  open- 
ng  the  lid  of  a  big  box,  he  took  out  a 
handful  of  what 
like 
oysters  carved  in  mahogany.  They  were 
not  shrivelled  and  warped,  like  other 
dried  foods,  but  were  as  plump  and 
symmetrical  as  any well  conditioned  b i­
valve  fresh  from  the  deep  shell.  The 
only  difference  was  that  they  were  dark 
brown 
in  color  and  as  hard  as  bricks. 
When  Lee  Yip  tossed  them  back  into 
the  box  they  rattled  like  a  handful  of 
marbles.  Of  course,  I  was  greatly  sur­
prised,  and  before  I  left  I  took  pains  to 
find  out  all  about  them.  The  oysters 
re  caught  and  prepared  at  the  big  na­
tive  shrimperies  on  the  other  side of the 
lake.  The  process 
is  a  trade  secret, 
but  as  nearly  as  I  could  gather from  Lee 
they  are  spread  on  the  tops  of  large 
sheds  and  exposed  to  the  sun for  several 
weeks.  What  prevents  decomposition  I 
do  not  know;  but  they  come  out  of  the 
operation  as  sweet  and  brown  as  nuts. 
Last  night  I  tried  some  by  special  in­
vitation 
in  the  back  room  of  a  laundry 
run  by  another  Mongolian  friend  of 
mine.  They  were  brought  on  in  a  bowl 
and  formed  a  sort  of  stew  or  saute, 
which  was  really  delicious.  The  oysters 
themselves  were  firm,  but  exceedingly 
tender,  and  had  a  peculiar  peppery  fla­
vor,  different  from  anything  else  I  have 
ever  tasted.  The  Chinaman  who  did 
the  cooking  told  me  he  had  simply 
boiled  the  dried  oysters  in  water  and 
added  a  small  strip  of  pork  and  ‘ sea­
soning. ’  When  1  tried  to  probe 
into 
the  seasoning  feature  he  suddenly  lost 
command  of  English,  so  there,  I  sus­
pect,  the  secret  resides. 
I  am  told  that 
the  local  colony  consumes  many  barrels 
of  these  oysters  every  month,  and  that 
large  quantities  of  them  are  sold  in  San 
Francisco  and  New  York.”

The  soft  hat  was  introduced  to  Amer­
ica  about  1850  by  Louis  Kossuth. 
It 
became  the  fashionable  head-covering, 
and  has  remained  so  ever  since  in  the 
Southern  and  Western  States.  The  army 
campaign  hat  and  the  Rough  Rider  hat 
had  their origin  in  a  Tyrolean  hat  that 
was  brought  here  by  some  American 
traveler.

In  1862  the  shelves  of  a  hardware  es­
tablishment  did  not  look  much  as  they 
do  now.  Then  most  of  the  shelf  and 
many  of  the  heavy  goods  were 
im­
ported.  We  did  not  have  the  tasteful 
paper and  wooden  boxes  nicely sampled 
on  our  shelves,  but  instead  a  clumsily 
done  up  paper  package,  with  a  sample 
of  the  contents  tied  on  the  outside. 
Every  time  an  article  was  sold  this 
package  had  to  be  taken  down,  the  con­
tents  shown,  and,  after a  sale  was  made 
what  was 
left  was  done  up  again,  re­
sampled  and  returned  to  its  place  on 
the  shelf.  You  can  readily  imagine  the 
appearance  of  the  shelves  after the day’s 
work  was  done;  and 
the  days  were 
long— from  early morning  until 9 o’clock 
or after,  six  days  in  the  week.

There  was  no  wholesale  hardware 
trade  in the  city,  as  there  were  no  coun­
try  stores  tributary  to  us  who  handled 
hardware.  There  were  no  railroads  to 
bring  us  customers.  Our  trade,  outside

in  the 

largely 

It  was  necessary j er,  now  handled  excfusivelTby 

chisel”   in  any  hardware  store 
United  States  at  the  present  time.

dressed  hogs,  corn,  potatoes,  cheese and 
butter  were  taken  and  disposed  of  to 
employes.  Our  factories  and  mills  paid 
There  have  been  many,  many  changes 
their  hands 
in  orders  on  the 
in  the  character  of  goods  handled. 
I 
stores  and  settled  their accounts  once 
can  not  begin  to  enumerate  them.  The 
each  year.  The  farmer  was  offended  if 
scythe  and  cradle  have  been  to  a  great 
asked  to  pay  before  harvest,  and  did
extent  displaced by the  mower and  reap-
ricul - 
not  always  pay  then. 
to  keep  a  man  on  the  road  all  the  time,  | tural  and  implement  dealers  in  the city.
with  a  buckboard  in  summer  and  sleigh 
belting,  packing  and  mill 
supplies 
in  winter,  making  settlements,  and 
generally  have  left  the  hardware  stock
many  a  note  was  saved  from  outlawing 
and  are  sold  by  establishments  paying 
by  endorsing  the  value  of a  meal  taken 
particular  attention  to  this  class  of 
with  him,  usually  25  cents.
goods.  The  wagon,  carriage  and  har­
is  also  handled  by  ex­
ness  hardware 
clusive  bouses. 
The  spinning  wheel, 
which  used  to  take  up  so  much  room, 
has  given  place  to  the  bicycle  in  many 
hardware  stores.  The  tinshop  has  been 
almost  abolished,  outside  work  being 
done  by  houses  established  for  this  pur­
pose,  and  pieced 
tinware  has  been 
largely  displaced  by  pressed  ware.  The 
rough 
ironware  for  kitchen  use  has  al-

The  store  was  not  supplied  with  por­
ters 
to  wash  windows,  get  up  heavy 
goods  from  the  basement  and  wood  for 
heating.  The  clerks  did  all  of  that 
work  and  the  brunt  of 
it  usually  fell 
upon  the  youngest  of  them.

One  feature  is  still  remembered  with 
vividness  and  that  is  the  rag  bin.  All 
took  rags  both  city 
hardware  stores 
and  country  rags— for  goods. 
In  some

M ICH IGAN   TRAD ESM AN

43

W O R LD ’S   B E S T

5  cent  Cigar

S O L O   B Y  A L L   J O B B E R S

G.  J.  JOHNSON  eiGAR  e©.

AND

M A K E R S

Grand  Rapids,  Mich.

4

4

_____________ 

M ICH IGAN   TRAD ESM AN

[on  a  dead  mountain  of  rock,  to  the 
memory  of  Kasthofer.a  far-seeing  Swiss 
forester  who  planted  here  the  chief  for­
est  trees  of  Switzerland  in  the  early part 
of  this  century  and  which  now  com­
pletely  cover  it.  A  barren,  ugly  hill  of 
dead  rock  under  the  intelligent  sugges­
tion  of  his  mind  and 
the  moulding 
power  of  his  hand  sprang  into  beautiful 
swaying  life;  an  unsightly  object stand 
ing  as  a  blemish  in  the  otherwise  bea 
tiful  picture  of  the  Jungfrau  was  trans 
formed 
the  attracts 
beauty of  which  not  only  heightened  the 
grandeur  of  the  mountain  landscape  bul 
delightfully  modified  the 
jagged  fore 
ground  so  as  to  produce  a  pleasing  con 
trast,  a  perfect  scene  of  wondrou 
beauty. 
In  this  bit  of  thoughtful  worl 
on  the  part  of  an  intelligent  forester, 
became  more  impressed  than  ever  be 
fore  with  the  importance  of  beautifying 
the  waste  places  of  the  earth  by  appro 
priate  tree  planting.

into  an  area, 

sequent  acts  of  benevolence  in  any other 
direction.

In  no  other  field  of  commercial  activ­
ity  can  I 
find  an  instance  in  which  a 
man  in  so  large  a  sense 
is  his brother's 
keeper  as  in  the  case  of  the  lumberman 
who  is  tempted  to  leave  behind  him  the 
elements  of  destruction,  which  are  sure 
to  become  a  source  of  great  loss  to  his 
neighbor. 
the 
north  central  part  of  the  Lower  Pen­
insula  we  find  examples  of  this  lack  of 
thoughtfulness;  yes,  this  criminal  care­
lessness.

Everywhere 

through 

In  what  strange  contrast  to  this  is  an 
example  that  occurs  to  me,  in  connec­
tion  with  a  picture  I  saw  in  Switzer­
land.  Standing  on  the  border  of  a  love­
ly  avenue  of  Persian  walnut  trees  in  the 
beautiful  town  of  Interlaken,  Switzer­
land,  and 
face  to  the 
South,  in  the  horizon 
is  outlined  that 
princess  of  all  the  snow-capped  Alps 
that  characterize  the 
landscape  of  the

turning  your 

M ICHIGAN  FORESTRY.

P ractical  Suggestions  by  an  A cknow l­

edged  A uth ority.

It 

We  must  rely,  to  a  great  extent,  up­
on  young  people  and  thoughtful  people 
to  work  out  the  solution  of  Michigan’s 
future prosperity.  There has been in the 
past  great  carelessness  in  the  manage­
ment  of  our  public  domain,  and 
in 
instances  this  carelessness  has 
many 
bordered  upon  criminality. 
is  well 
for  us  to  face  the  situation  and  elim i­
nate  any  useless  sentiment  from  its  dis­
cussion,  treating  properly  the  question 
of  what  Michigan  shall  do  to  retrieve 
what  she  has  lost  in  the  destruction  of 
her  forest  mantle,  and  give  thoughtful 
consideration  to  the  protection  of  that 
portion  of  our  forestry  heritage  which 
still  remains  to  us.  The  motto  that  was 
written  for  the  coat-of-arms  of our State, 
“ Si  quaeris  peninsulam  amoenam  cir- 
cumspice, “   must  have  originated  in  a 
condition  observable  before  the  pioneer 
lumberman  struck  this  commonwealth. 
When  the  French  missionaries,  Father 
Marquette  and  his  co-workers,  paddled 
the  City  of  Straits 
their  canoe  from 
northward, 
touching  at  Saginaw,  Che­
boygan,  Mackinac,  Old  Mission,  Lud- 
ington  and  St.  Joseph,  they  had  before 
they  a  panorama  which  was  indeed sug­
gestive  of  our  motto.  The  heritage  of 
magnificent  forestry  growth  that  came 
to  the  State  of  Michigan,  in  many  re­
spects  had  no  equal  in  the  temperate 
zone.  Nowhere  else  north  of  the  equa­
torial  region  is  found  such a  wide  range 
of  species  of  tree  and  shrub  life  as  were 
native  to  the  Southern  Peninsula  of 
Michigan.

ground  may  be  covered  again,  is a  pres­
ent  imperative  duty.

The  tree-slaying  habit  was  inaugu­
in  our  State  by  the  pioneer,  who 
rated 
had  excuses  for  clearing  a  piece  of  land 
from  which  he  could  obtain  a 
liveli­
hood ;  he  simply  removed  that  which 
was  worthies,  in  order  to  widen his  op­
portunity  to  grow  that  which  would sup­
port 
life.  Because  there  was  no  value 
in  the  trees  that  he  removed  at  first,  the 
feeling  grew  upon  him  that  there  was 
no  value 
in  any  trees,  and  he  became 
their  enemy  and  slew  them  without  res­
ervation.  After  becoming  the  possessor 
of  a  goodly  area  of  excellent  farming 
land,  he  still  thought  of  the  value  con­
tained  in  the land  as  a  producer of crops 
that  he  could  sell,  and  recognized  no 
other  value  in  the  woodland  forest.  He 
kept  on 
increasing  his  arable  land  at 
the  expense  of  the  forest,  until  through­
out  the  agricultural  region  of  Southern 
Michigan  there  was  comparatively 
lit­
tle  timber  left.  The  perpetuation  of  this 
tree-slaying  habit  has  been  stimulated 
by  the  values  that  could  be secured  from 
agricultural  crops  grown  at  the  expense 
of  the  virgin  soil.  We  are  to-day  in 
Southern  Michigan  reaping  the  results 
of  this  pernicious  system,  based  upon  a 
false  view  or  a  narrow  view  of  timber 
values.  The  harvest  we  would  reap 
and  the  pleasure  we  would  have  experi­
land 
enced  with  a  proper  proportion  of 
in  timber,  even  with  no  immediate 
in ­
come  from 
it,  would  be  even  greater 
than  that  from  the  same  surface  of 
arable 
its  protecting 
qualities  for  the  crops,  agricultural  and 
horticultural,  grown  upon  the  cultivated 
land.  The  mistake  of  the  pioneer  is 
felt  so  keenly  now  that  we  are  in  a  con­
dition  of  mind 
in  Southern  Michigan 
to  inaugurate  the  treeplanting  habit.  It 
is  difficult  to  create  a  boom  in  this  d i­
rection  because  so  few  people  are  w ill­
investment  for  their 
ing  to  make  an 
children  and  grandchildren,  but 
the 
virtues  of  tree  planting  are  becoming  so 
apparent  that  the  prejudices  of  those 
who  are  not  looking  r eyond  the  income 
for  their 
rapidly 
overcome  because  of  the greater rapidity 
with  which  values  can  be  developed 
in 
growing  timber.  This  grows  directly 
out  of  the  new  uses  to  which  young 
growth 
is  adapted.  And,  again,  men 
have  found  by  experience  that in  a  very 
few  years  wind  breaks  can  be  grown, 
whose  value  can  be  appreciated  in  con­
nection  with  the  prosecution  of  agricul­
ture,  by  the  man  who  does  the planting. 
He  does  not  have  to  wait  until  he  is 
dead  to  reap  the  results  of  his  enter­
prise;  he  does  not  even  have  to  think 
is  planting  for  his  children. 
that  he 
Examples  of 
far-seeing  thrift  of  this 
kind  are  getting  more  common  now  in 
Southern  Michigan.

lifetime  are  being 

land,  because  of 

The  forestry  problem  for the  State  is 
naturally  separated  into  two  parts :  that 
which  applies  particularly  to  the  South­
ern  counties  of  Michigan,  from  which 
nearly  all  of  the  valuable  timber  has 
been  taken  off,  and  that  which  applies 
to  the  Northern  part  of  the  State,  in 
which  the  conditions  are  very  different, 
there  being  a 
less  amount  of  rainfall 
and 
large  areas  of  timber  as  yet  un­
touched.  An  adjunct  to  the  second, 
with  somewhat  differing  conditions,  we 
find  in  the  jack  pine  plains,  where 
in­
tensive  agriculture  can  never  be  suc­
cessful  and  where  even  extensive  meth­
ods  are  problematical  in  their  results.
Natural  reserves  of  timber  should  be 
located  at  the  headwaters  of  rivers. 
In 
the  Southern  part  of  Michigan,  we  find 
the  watershed  between  Huron  and  Erie

Without  dwelling  upon  the  necessary 
in 
clearings  made  by  the  early  settlers 
the  State,  who  came  here  to  hew  out 
homes  from  the  forest,  I  desire  to  speak 
to  you  first  of  the  lumberman’s  legacy 
to  our  fair  State.  The  early  investor  in 
Michigan  forest  lands,  having  in  view 
the  immediate  utilization  of  the  timber 
growth,  found  a  rich  field  in  the  wealth 
of  white  pine  that  was  well  scattered 
through  certain  parts  of  the  Lower  Pen­
insula.  He  secured  at  low  prices  im­
mense  areas  of  this  pine  and  began  the 
work  of  converting  this  property  into 
In  the  earlier  days  there  was 
money. 
not  so  much  value 
in  timber  as  now, 
and  it  was  only  the  very  cream  that  the 
lumberman  cared  to  take.  As  a  natural 
result  of  this  condition,  in  taking  what 
he  wanted,  he 
left  behind  him  a  im­
mense  amount  of  debris  which,  under 
the  action  of  sun  and  winds,  became  as 
tinder,  ready  for  the  first  spark  to  create 
in 
it  and  of  it  a  tremendous  conflagra­
tion.  Forest  fires  became  very  common 
and  terribly  destructive.  In  the  wake  of 
these  great  fires  was  left  an abomination 
of  desolation.  The 
lumberman  cared 
nothing  for the  forest  products  that were 
left,  not  even  the  soil  they  rested  upon. 
He  had  taken  the best  and  was perfectly 
careless  concerning 
thoughtless  and 
those  who  should  come  after  him. 
If 
these  conflagrations  could  have  been 
limited  to  the  land  owned  by  the  lum­
bermen  our  criticism  of  his  methods 
would  not  be  so  relentless,  but  the  ma­
terial  that  was 
left  behind  as  food  for 
fires  became  a  terrible  menace  to  valu­
able  timber 
in  the  neighborhood,  and 
fires,  once  started,  fed  upon  great  values 
upon  other  lands,  bringing  destruction 
to 
innocent  people  and  especially  to 
the  holdings  of  the  State.  This  respon­
sibility  for  damage  which 
lies  upon 
lumbermen  who 
the  shoulders  of  the 
practiced 
is 
one  that  can  not  be  shifted  by  any  sub­

these  slipshod  methods 

little  Republic- -the  Jungfrau.  With  her
dazzling  shroud  of  eternal  ice  and snow, 
supported  on  either  side  by  the  Silber- 
hom  and  the  Schneehorn,  and  with 
grand  mountains  on  the  margins  of  the 
foreground,  her  majestic  proportions 
can  scarcely  be  realized.  But  she  is  a 
cold,  immovable,  heartless  maiden,  and 
while  at  first  view,  bathed  in  the  flame 
of  a  glorious  sunset,  one  feels  like  bow­
ing  the  head 
in  worship,  she  can  not 
awaken  that  warmth  of  feeling  in  the 
human  heart  which  life  and  movement 
stir  into  activity.  Stand  still  for  a  mo­
ment  and  allow  your  eyes  to  drop  from 
in 
the  icy  mountain  to  a  relief  of 
the 
finely 
rounded  sugar-loaf  hill  completely  cov­
ered  with  a  perpetual  mantle  of 
living 
green,  with  pretty  patchwork  here  and 
there  of  variously  tinted  groups  of  de­
ciduous  trees  that  rest  the  eye  and  en­
hance  the  vision.  This  is  the  Kleine 
Rugen— a  living  monument  resting  up-

foreground,  a 

immediate 

land 

VVe  have  no  mountains  to  cover,  but 
we  have  plains  of  vast  extent, 
that 
should  remain  forever  covered  with  a 
forest  mantle  for  the  protection  of  the 
soil,  the  rivers  that  flow  out  from  it  and 
the  vast  reigon  contiguous  to  it. 
In­
stead  of  sweeping  off  every  vestige  of 
value  and  of  beauty  from  this  great 
tract,  there  should  be  a  thoughtfulness 
somewhere  that  would  lead  to  conserv­
ing  the  present  growth  and  utilizing  the 
methods  of  science 
to  its 
value.  We  do  not  need  to  go  into  the 
expensive  methods  of  reforestation  of 
Switzerland  and  other  foreign  lands,  for 
the  elements  of  the  forest  are  already 
here.  We  simply  need  to  conserve  them 
and  Nature  will  do  the  rest.

in  adding 

The  replanting  of  great  areas  is  not 
an  immediate  question  with  us,  but  the 
saving  of  great  areas  from  deforesta­
tion,  and other great  ones  that  have been 
deforested 
from  the  destruction  of  fire, 
so  that  through  Nature’s  processes,  the

M ICH IGAN   TRADESM AN

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The  output  of our  factory  is  higher  in  quality,  greater  in  quantity  and  variety  than  that  of 
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46

M ICH IGAN   TRADESM AN

on  the  one  side,  and  Lake  Michigan  on 
the  other,  has  been  swept  of  its  timber; 
the  land  now  is  too  valuable  foragricul- 
ural  purposes  for  the  owner  to  be 
tempted  to  devote  it  to  any  large  extent 
to  forest  growing;  and  we  may  never 
expect  the  State  to  take  hold  of  refores­
in  this  region,  no  matter  how 
tation 
valuable  a  work  it  might  be  in  the 
in­
terests  of  the  whole  State.-  The  diffi­
culties  surrounding  the  question  of  se­
curing  these  lands  will  prevent  anv gen­
eral  attempt  at  reforestation as  a  protec­
tion  to  the  flow  of  rivers  that  rise  with­
in  a 
few  miles  of  each  other  and  run 
either  way  to  the  lakes.  The  only  thing 
that  can  be  done 
in  this  region  is  to 
awaken  the  mind  of  the  people  to  the 
importance  of  individual  effort  in  add­
forest 
ing  to  the  aggregate  area  of 
growth.  Highway  planting  and 
the 
planting  for screens  as  a  protection  for 
grain  fields  and  grasses  and  fruits  can 
be  stimulated ;  the  beds  of  streams  and 
the  more  barren  hillsides  that  are  at 
present  unproductive  can  be  inexpen­
sively  planted  to  rapidly  growing  trees. 
By  fostering  these  simple methods of re­
forestation,  and  aiding 
individuals  by 
counsel,  and  possibly  stimulating  them 
by  the  remission  of  taxes,  a  great  work 
may  be  done,  even  in this country where 
the  greatest  difficulties  are  to  be  sur­
mounted.
it 

But 

future. 

of  the 

let  alone. 

if  she  is 

is  in  the  north  country  where 
the  most  and  the  best  work  can  be  done 
and  where  the  promises  of  fruition  are 
greatest. 
I  have  recently  taken  a  trip 
over  portions  of  Oscoda,  Ogemaw,  Ros­
common  and  Crawford  counties,  upon 
what  are  known  as  the  jack  pine plains, 
and  from  my  observations  there,  I  am 
greatly  encouraged with  reference  to  the 
possibilities 
I  have 
learned  that  certain  kinds  of  trees  grow 
rapidly  upon  these  pine  plains. 
I  have 
learned  that  these  same  varieties  of 
trees  become  merchantable 
in  a  very 
few  years. 
It  was  also  a  delight  for  me 
to  know  that  these  same  species  grow 
seed  at  a  very  early  age,  so  that  Nature 
herself  can  do  an  excellent  job  of  refor­
esting 
I  was  also 
glad  to  learn  that  even  some  of  the  finer 
species  of  timber, 
like  Norway  and 
white  pine,  if  given  half  a  chance  on 
these  plains  can  be  grown  successfully.
It  seems  to  me  that  with  the  solution 
of  the  question  of  how  to  deal  with  for­
est  fires and the  elimination of the  thiev­
ing  practices  upon  the  pine  plains,  this 
whole  region  may  become  a  valuable 
property  to  the  St  te  of  Michigan.  This 
in  the  face  of  the  fact  that  many people 
can  see  no  future  for  this  country  be­
cause  the  prosecution  of  agriculture  has 
been  a  failure.  Their  angle  of  vision 
has  been  too  narrow  and  they  have 
ig­
nored  the  best  paying  crop.  The  fact  is 
patent  that  a  broad  view  of  this  whole 
lead  to  the  reservation 
country  would 
of  a  great  part  of  it  for  permanent 
for­
estry  purposes. 
In  order  to  make  this 
area  of  greatest  vlaue  to succeeding gen­
erations, 
the  State  must  enter  upon 
plans -  of  systematic  forestry  and  must 
have  in  view  something  beyond  the  im­
mediate  returns  from  one  crop  of  for­
est  products.

And  this  brings  me  to  the  sub-topic 
of  scientific 
lumbering.  The  severely 
practical  man,  who  has  been  skinning 
the 
land  of  all  its  timber  and  shoving 
the  proceeds  into  his  pocket,  may  scoff 
at  the  idea  of  science  in  lumbering,  but 
I  do  not  hesitate  to  say  that  any  man 
who  does  not  recognize  the  value  of 
treating  timbered  lands  so  as  to  utilize 
to  the  best  possible  advantage the young 
growing  timber,  has  so  narrow  a  view

of  lumbering  that  if  he were  engaged  in 
a  mechanical  business  with  so  little  in­
formation  and  cramped  a  view,  he 
would  be  called  a  duffer.  Scientific 
in  these  days  is  really  the 
lumbering 
most  practical.  The  fact 
is,  we  have 
passed  the  stage  of  pioneer  work,  and 
have  entered 
into  an  epoch  of  larger 
values 
in  timber  products,  which  em­
phasizes  the 
importance  of  utilizing 
every  possible  method  that  will  help  to 
the  reproduction  of  forests.

In  foreign  countries,  for  a  long  time, 
scientific  methods  in  dealing with  forest 
areas  have  prevailed.  Governments 
have  seen  the 
importance  of  guiding 
lumbering  operations  so  as  to  retain  a 
proper  proportion  of  timber area  for  the 
continuous  support  of  lumbering  indus­
tries  and 
for  the  general  good  of  the 
State.  In  doing  this,  well-defined  plans 
lie  at  the  foundation  of  the  practical 
operations,  the  result  of  which  is  that, 
in the countries  where  the  most  progres­
sive  methods  of  foresty  prevail,  the  ag­
gregate value  of  timbered  lands  is  grad­
ually  increasing.

In  our own  country  we  have  a  single 
instance,  on  the  Vanderbilt  estate  at 
Biltmore,  in  which  scientific 
lumber­
ing  is  carried  on  under  the  direction 
of  an  expert 
forester,  Dr.  Schenck. 
The  United  States  Government  for a 
year  past  has  been  aiding  individuals 
the  adoption  of 
and  corporatio  s 
in 
scientific  methods  in 
lumbering  along 
the  same 
line  as  those  practiced  at 
Biltmore,  the  objects  of  which  are  to 
lumbering  a  profitable  industry 
make 
upon  the  same 
lands  continuously  for 
an  indefinite  period.  The  handling  of 
a 
in  timber  upon  scientific 
principles  would  treat  it  so  that  differ­
ent  parts  of  the  forest  should  be  cut  off 
in  cycles,  the  length  of  each  cycle  de­
pending  upon  the  uses  of  the  timber 
If 
and  the  character  of  the  species. 
saw  timber  of  considerable  diameter 
is 
for  the  market,  the  length  of 
required 
the  cycle  would  be  greatly 
increased 
over  the  time  that  would  be  required  to 
grow  a  crop  of  trees  for  wood  pulp,  for 
hop-poles, 
factories,  or  for 
other  uses  that  small  timber  subserves 
in  the  mechanical  arts.

large  area 

for  hoop 

to-day 

Reforestation 

in  Michigan 
would  naturally  begin  by  dealing  with 
lands  that  are  already  seeded  or  will 
seed  themselves 
if  protected.  We  can 
scarcely  expect  that  people  will  jump 
directly  into  the  planting  of  new  forests 
from  the  level  of  ruthless  destruction  of 
the  old  ones ;  but  there  is  a  transition 
stage  which  ought  to  be  attractive  to 
people  who  are  the  owners  of  what  are 
called  stump  lands,  already  partially  or 
wholly  covered  by  a  growth  of  young 
timber,  more  or 
less  valuable.  There 
is  an 
immense  acreage  of  this  land  in 
Michigan,  a  great  deal  of  which  prob­
ably  should  be  cleared  and  developed 
into  farms.  These  farms,  however,  will 
have  an 
increased  value  if  a  consider­
able  proportion  of  the  adjoining  lands 
bearing  this  same  character  is  main­
tained  in  timber  and  developed  under 
a  systematic  plan  of  forestry. 
I  brush 
away  without  a  thought  the  suggestions 
which  are  so  often  made  by  the  old- 
fashioned 
lumberman,  and  thoughtless 
people  generally,  that  the  new  growth 
which  comes  in  after  valuable  timber  is 
of  such  a  poor  character  as  not  to  be 
worth  considering  and  that  people  can 
not afford  to  grow  timber of  this kind  as 
an  investment.

The  truth  is  that  almost  any  piece  of 
stump  land  well  covered  by some growth 
has  enough  of  value  to warrant the guid­
ing  of  that  growth  upon  a  plan  of  forest

growing  that  will,  sooner or  later,  bring 
to  the  owner  a  valuable  return.  This 
fact  is  emphasized  by  the  new  uses  of 
timber that  employ  varieties  that  were, 
a 
few  years  ago,  considered  valueless 
in  the  market.  We  now  find  that  cer­
tain kinds  of  timber,  once  considered  of 
no  value 
in  the  arts  and  of  very  little 
even  for  firewood,  are  among  the  most 
valuable  to-day  in  the  production of cer­
tain  classes  of  manufactured  articles. 
illustrations  of  this 
The  most  notable 
condition  are  found 
in  the  use  of  the 
red  oak,  the  beech  and  the  hemlock. 
Perhaps  the  most  striking  example  of 
value  put  into  what  has  been  generally 
considered  ' worthless 
the 
employment  of  the  poplar,  which  covers 
such  immense  areas  of  the  north  coun­
try. 
into  wood 
pulp,  becomes  a  very  valuable commod­
ity.  So  that  the  problem  of  reforesta­
tion 
from  what  it 
would  have  been  a  few  years  ago,  and a 
more  promising  one.

is  a  different  one 

This  poplar, 

timber 

turned 

is 

The  State  Forestry  Commission  must, 
for  the  present,  deal  with  prefatory 
work. 
It  can  not  advise  with  regard  to 
the  details  of  reforestation  because  it 
has  not  within  its  reach  a  sufficient  ar­
ray  of  facts  upon  which  to  base  the 
wisest  counsel. 
It  can  simply  suggest 
possibilities  until  the  Legislature  shall 
put  matters  in  such  shape  in  this  State 
as  to  warrant  a  broad  movement  in  for­
estry  that  shall  have  as  a  part  of  its  un­
dertaking  the  development  of  a  plan  of 
systematic,  scientific  lumbering  and  the 
growing  of  remunerative  crops  upon 
our  stump  lands.

In  the  interests  of  the  iarge  holdings 
of  the  State,  the  first  serious  question  to 
solve 
is  the  one  of  straightening  out 
titles  so  that  the  State  shall,  before 
starting  out 
in-  a  system  of  forestry, 
know  that  the  titles  of  the  lands  that 
stand  in  its  name  can not be successfully 
attacked.

The  State  must  stimulate  and  com­
mand  a  higher  standard  of  morals  in 
connection  with 
the  treatment  of  the 
timber  upon  its  lands.  Thieving  from 
State 
lands  must  not  only  be  frowned 
upon,but  it  must  be  punished  with  such 
vigor  as  to  reduce  trespass  to  its 
lowest 
terms.

Carelessness  in  the  handjing  of  fires 
must  be  treated  as  a  crime  and the  most 
vigorous  measures  taken  to  punish  not 
only  willful  but  careless  offenders.

it 

The  State  must  protect  owners  of trees 
against  corporations  that  willfully  des­
troy  under  a  law  that  gives  them  priv­
ileges  in  the  highways. 
I  do  not  know 
that 
is  possible  in  this  country,  but 
in  other  countries  the  state  protects 
men’s  possessions 
from  their  own  ac­
tions  by  compelling  a  certain  amount 
of  tree  planting  to  take  the  place  of 
trees  removed.

The  second  part  of  the  work  of  the 
Forestry  Commission,  at  present,  is  to 
develop  public  opinion  which  shall  re­
spect  trees  and  stimulate  tree  planting 
and  evolve  a  keener  sense  of  obligation 
in  connection  with  the  maintenance  of 
forest  growth  with  reference  to  the  wel­
fare  of  the  future  as  well  as  present 
generations.

lying 

four  thousand  acres, 

I  have  recently  been  making  some 
observations  upon  a  tract  of  timber of 
some 
in 
is  known  as 
Muskegon  county,  which 
Slocum’s  Grove.  Learning 
that  this 
timber  was  to  be  removed  completely 
within  a  short  period  of  six  years,  I 
made  a  very  careful  review  of  this 
grove,  aided  by  Prof.  Spalding,  of  the 
State  University,  and  Secretary  Butter­
field,  of  the  State  Agricultural  Society.

I  had  in  mind  the  possibilities  of  this 
tract  if  lumbered  scientifically,  as  com­
pared  with  the  probable  outcome  of  the 
complete  removal  of  all  forest  growth 
within  a  short  period.

This  tract  has  a  wide  range  of species 
growing  upon  it,  most  of them valuable ; 
the  land  is  excellent;  it  is  well  watered 
and 
capable  of  producing  a  great 
growth  of  timber,  and  its  greatest  value 
lies  not  in  the  mature  trees,  but  in  the 
young  growth,  which  will  rapidly  de­
velop  into  mature  timber.  A  somewhat 
hasty,  but  1  think  accurate,  estimate 
satisfied  us  that  this  property  would  pay 
io  per  cent,  interest  on  the  full  value  of 
the 
land  with  the  timber  upon  it  for 
hundreds  of  years  provided  the  annual 
cuttings  should  simply  take  the  trees 
that  are  sufficiently  mature  to  be  lum­
bered  at  the  greatest  advantage.

With  the  timber  entirely  removed 
from  this  tract,  even  although  the  land 
is  of  excellent  quality,  it  is  largely  re­
duced  in  value  for  agricultural  purposes 
because  of  no  protecting  areas  of  tim­
ber.  The  very  first  thing  that  would 
need  to be  done  if  it  should  be  sold  for 
farms  would  be  the  growth  of  timber 
for  protection.  Trees  grow  very  slowly 
from  the  seed,  but  develop  very  rapidly 
from  the  young  growth  already  planted 
and  having  a  good  start  in  life.

From  facts  that  have  come  to  our 
knowledge,  the  opportunity  for  practic­
ing  scientific  forestry  upon this  tract  is 
gone,  the  contract  having  been  executed 
for  the  rapid  removal  of  the  whole  of it, 
but  in  the  interests  of  other  tracts  and 
or  the  purpose  of  securing  facts  that 
can  be  used  to  the  greatest  advantage in 
creating  and establishing  public opinion 
in  favor  of  retaining  a goodly  portion  of 
in  forest,  we  can  do  some­
the  State 
in  connection  with  this  tract  that 
thing 
may  have  great  value  and 
influence. 
We  can  institute  a  series of observations 
with  regard  to  temperature,  soil,  air- 
moisture, 
flow  of  streams,  growth  of 
crops  and 
influence  of  winds,  which 
shall  be  carried  on  until  the  forest  shall 
be  removed,  and  for  a  sufficient  period 
thereafter  to  furnish  data  for  an  accu­
rate  statement  of  the  influence  of  tim­
ber  upon  the  conditions  that  favor  the 
best  system  of  agriculture  and  horticul­
ture.  The  Fbrestry  Commission  hopes, 
by  the  aid  of  the  State  Experiment  Sta­
the  State 
tion, 
Geologist  and,  possibly, 
the  United 
States  Government  Hvdrographer, 
to 
work  out  this  system  of  observations.

the  State  University, 

In  the  evolution  of  a  forestry  system 
for  Michigan,  I  am  satisfied  that  there 
is  no  more  powerful  ally  for  the  Forest­
ry  Commission  than  the  schools  and 
colleges  of  the  State.  The  boys  and 
girls,  the  young  men  and  women  who 
are  in  educational  institutions,will  very 
soon  deal  with  the  problems  of  state­
craft.  From  my  point  of  view,  the  im­
portance  of  the  forestry  question,  as 
affecting  the  greatest  industries  in  the 
State,  the  climatic  conditions  which 
make  this  State  a  very  desirable  one 
in 
which  to  found  homes,  demands  that 
educators  shall  make  a  point  of  bring­
ing 
into  the  curricula  of  study  in  our 
schools  the  subject  of  forestry  so  effect­
ively  as  to  produce  a  new  public  opin­
ion  with  the  development  of  the  newer 
generation.  We  can  not  turn  our  edu­
cational  institutions  into  schools  of  for­
estry— probably  the  University  and  the 
Agricultural  College  will  be  the  only 
technical  institutions  that  will  under­
take  a  work  of  this  kind—but,  incident­
ally,  in  connection  with  other  lines  of 
instruction,  respect 
for  trees  and  a 
knowledge  of the  value  in trees, methods

M ICH IGAN   TRADESM AN

47

Hotel  Warwick

Grand  Rapids,  Mich.

Morton  House

m

The  Leading H otel

147  Fine  Outside  Rooms 

m
||
lj 
I   Rates:  $2.00  per  day.  Room  with  bath,  $2.50.  m

Special  attention  given  to  Commercial  Trade 

A. B. Gardner, Manager 

||

Livingston  Hotel

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o f Grand Rapids,  M ichigan

J.  Boyd Pantlind,  Proprietor

The  New

Plaza  Hotel

Grand  Rapids,  Michigan 

Head  of  Monroe  Street.  Opposite  the  Parks.

Best  $2.00  house  in  the  city.  Try  it  and  be  convinced.  Special 

Attention  to  Commeicial  Trade.

Dewey  &  Irish,  Proprietors

Grand  Rapids,  Michigan

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400  Capacity 

W.  H.  Barney,  Proprietor 

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Muskegon,  Mich

48

M ICH IG A N   TRADESM AN

c o m p r e s s e :»   y e a s t .
Its  O rigin  and  D evelop m ent 

C ountry.

in  T his 

Prior  to  1870  our  mothers  and  grand­
mothers,  when  they  wished  to  bake  a 
loaf  of  bread,  were  compelled  to  resort 
either  to  the  old  salt  rising  process,  so 
familiar  to  residents  of  the  country  and 
small  towns  of  that  period,  made  their 
own  yeast  or  use  that  make  by  the 
brewers  of  those  times.  While  “ hun­
ger sharpens  appetite,”   results  were  not 
what  could  have  been  desired.  The  old 
salt  rising  process  was  a  leaven,  and 
leaven 
is  a  substance  which  produces 
fermentation  by putrefaction.  Yeast  is  a 
plant  that  grows  under  favorable  con­
ditions  and  through  its  growth  produces 
fermentation;  and  while  dry hop,  home­
made  and  brewers’  yeast  answered  our 
grandmothers’  purposes  because 
they 
had  no  better,  their  fermenting  proper­
ties  were  so  weak,  and  the  dough  in 
consequence  took  such  a  long  time  to.

in 

in  European  coun­
mentioned  above, 
tries,  and  after  it  in  this. 
It  is  a  pure­
ly  vegetable  product  and  the  best  grade 
is  manufactured  from  selected  grains. 
When  incorporated  with  flour and  water 
at  the  proper  temperature,  the  starchy 
in  the  flour  are  changed  into 
particles 
dextrine,  and  this 
turn  to  sugar, 
which,  by  the  action  of  the  yeast  cells 
and  application  of  heat,  is  transformed 
into  carbonic  acid  gas,  which  causes 
the  dough  to  rise;  and  as  the  process  is 
the 
rapid  there 
dough  to  become  sour  and  the  bread 
is 
in  consequence  of  a  rich,  nutty  flavor.
Late  in  the  sixties  Mr.  Chas.  Fleisch- 
mann  was  employed  in  the  manufacture 
of  compressed  yeast  in  Austria.  Realiz­
ing  what  a  promising  field  was  open  in 
America,  he  came  to  this  country  and 
entered  into  partnership  with  a  leading 
Cincinnati  merchant  and  commenced 
the  manufacture  of  compressed  yeast  on 
I a  small  scale  in  that  city,  in 
i86g.  As

chance 

is  no 

for 

of  perpetuating 
forests,  and  the  influ­
ence  of  forest  growth  upon  products  and 
upon  man  can  be  inculcated  and  object 
lessons  in  tree  planting  given  at  a  stage 
in  the  career  of  boys  and  girls  when  in­
formation  of  this  sort  becomes  most 
strongly 
in  the  evolution  of 
character.

intrenched 

Under  a  scientific  and  practical  sys­
tem  of  forestry,  1  see  a  greater  future 
for  this  State  in  the  production  of  tim ­
ber  values  than  we  have  had  in the past, 
even  with  the  wonderful  heritage  that 
came  to  us  through  centuries  of  growth 
untouched  by  man.

From  the  very  fact  that  we  have  such 
a  variety  of  timber  in  the  Lower  Penin­
sula  of  Michigan,  and  the  other  that  so 
many  species  do  exceptionally  well, 
we  know  that  we  have  climatic  condi­
tions  admirably  adapted  to  the  growth 
of  forests;  so  that 
if  we  undertake, 
through  a  careful  system  to  grow  forests 
again  where  great 
forests  have  been 
taken  away,  we  shall  succeed,  and  the 
increased  values  of  timber  will  make 
that  success  remunerative.

like 

I  would 

to  see  a  new  epoch 
evolved 
in  the  near  future,  in  which 
the  tree  planting  habit  should  take  the 
place  of  tree  destruction ;  I  would  like 
to  see  a  public  sentiment  evolved  that 
will  support  a  plan  of  legislation  which 
will  result  in  the  growing  of  timber  for 
profit,  and  I  would  like  to  have 
joined 
with  this a  kind  of  sentiment  that would 
stimulate  a  grade  of  timber  planting 
having  for  its  purpose  the  beautifying 
of  the  landscape.

Let  the  people  of  Michigan  take  hold 
of  this  question  so  earnestly  that  the 
tree slaughtering  habit  of those who have 
been  responsible  for  the  destruction  of 
that  peculiar  beauty  of  our  State  which 
suggested  the  adoption  of 
its  motto, 
will  be  frowned  upon  and  a  spirit  de­
veloped  which  will  result  in  rehabili­
tating  our  peninsula  so  that  that  motto 
will  not  be  a  misnomer.  As  a  result  of 
this,  I  should  expect  a  more  success­
ful  agriculture  and  horticulture,  and 
added  zest  given  to  the  already  marvel­
ous  pilgrimage  each  year  to  our  State 
as  a  resort  in  summer,  and  a  material 
prosperity  which  would  go  on  increas­
ingly  with  each  new  century.

Chas.  W.  Garfield.

Grown  by  a  W om an.

All  the  pampas  plumes  used  in  the 
great  Philadelphia  convention  hall  on 
the  day  that  McKinley  was  nominated 
for  President  were  grown  on  a  ranch  at 
Riverside,  Cal.,  by  the  woman  who 
idea  of  using  them  in 
originated  the 
political  campaigns. 
It  is  said  that  her 
ranch  is  the  only  one  of  the  kind  in  the 
world.

A n  E nqu iring  M ind.

A  little Big  Rapids  girl  who  had  hash 
looked 
for  breakfast  the  other  morning 
at  the 
last  mouthful  of  her share  long 
and  earnestly  as  she  poised  it  on  her 
fork.  Then  she  passed  it  out  of  sight. 
But  the  mystery  still  engrossed  her 
mind. 
“ what 
was  hash  when  it  was  alive?”
R esem bled  H is  Father.

“ Daddy,”   she  said, 

Mark  -I  saw  that  little  boy  of  yours 

to-day.

like  me?

money.

Borroughs— Did  you?  Think  he’s 

Mark— Very  much.
Borroughs  Do  you  really?
Mark— Yes,  he  asked  me  for  some 

T he  Old  Jealonsy.
home 

“ Just 

from  London,  eh?”  
“ Y es,”   replied  the  Western  man,  “ I 
in  everything  worth  seein’  in  the 
took 
town.”  
“ How  did  St.  Paul’s  cathedral 
impress  you?”  
it. 
I’m  a  Minneapolis  man,  myself.”

“ Didn’t  go  near 

rise,  that  the  bread  often  became  sour 
before  it  could  be  baked.

In  those  times  every  baker  made  his 
own  yeast,  and  his  success  as  a  baker 
depended  almost  entirely  on  his  knowl­
edge  of  making  stock  yeast,  secrets  in 
regard  to  the  manufacture  of which were 
zealously  guarded.  While  stock  yeast 
partook  largely  of  the  characteristics  of 
home-made  and  brewers’ 
the 
bakers  of  that  time  were  much  more 
successful 
in  turning  out  a  satisfactory 
product  than  were  our  grandmothers, 
due  to  their  more  complete  knowledge 
of  the  business,  but 
they  were  also 
greatly  bothered  by  sour  bread,  espe­
cially 
in  warm  weather,  on  account  of 
the  long  fermentation  necessitated.

yeast, 

To  German-Europe  belongs  the  credit 
of  changing  the  above  state  of  affairs 
by  substituting  compressed  yeast,  and 
its 
inventor  should  be  considered  a 
public  benefactor,  as 
it  revolutionized 
breadmaking,  long  before  the  period

is  natural  with  articles  of  merit,  peo­
ple  were  slow  to  see 
its  advantages,  or 
rather  to  change  the  methods  to  which 
they  had  been  accustomed 
for  a  life­
time,  and  while  bakers  who  had  used 
it 
in  Europe  were  quick  to  adopt  it 
here,  their  number  was  naturally  small 
and  the  sale  of  the  yeast  corresponding­
ly  so.  The  energetic  pioneer,  however, 
was  never  disheartened.  He  introduced 
it  in  all  of  the  large  cities  in  this  coun­
try,  employed  an  army  of  men,  gave 
samples  to  bakers  and  families  and  al­
most  bankrupted  himself  and  his  part­
ner 
in  his  efforts  to  induce  the  Ameri­
can  people  “ not  to  stand  in  their  own 
light.”   The  demand  continued  small, 
however,  lamentably  so,  until 
in  1876 
the  Centennial  Exposition  in  Philadel­
phia  was  opened.  Mr.  Fleischmann,.in 
conjunction  with  his  brother,  who  had 
shortly  followed  him  to  this  country, 
with  the 
farsightedness  and  business 
ability  for  which  he  was  noted,  deter­

mined  to  erect  a  building in the grounds 
on  a  scale  which  would attract the atten­
tion  anl  arouse  the  admiration  of  every 
visitor.  This  building  was  to  be  de­
voted  to  the  introduction  of  compressed 
yeast  and  the  manufacture  of  bread  and 
rolls  through 
its  use,  and  the  famous 
Vienna  Bakery  was  the  result.  This 
bakery  was  visited  by  thousands  during 
1876  and  its  name  and  that  of  the  much 
more  famous  compressed  yeast  became 
known  in  every  city,  village  and  hamlet 
in  this  broad  land.  Mr.  Fleischmann 
severed  his  connection  with  the  Cen­
tennial  Vienna  Bakery  at  the  close  of 
the  year 
in  which  the  Exposition  was 
held,  but  the  bakery  was  moved  to  New 
York  City  and  the  business  continued 
by  his  brother,  who  has  devoted  him­
self  to  it  exclusively  since  that time and 
now  has  one  of  the largest baking  |  lants 
in  the  country.

After  1876  the  future  of  compr. ssed 
yeast  was  assured,  and  it  is  now  011  sale 
and  used  by  nearly  every  grocer  and 
baker  in  this  country  and  the  Canadas, 
and  the  name  of  its  introducer  has  be­
come  a  household  word  everywhere. 
From  one  wagon  each 
in  some  half 
dozen  of  the 
larger  cities  before  1876, 
Fleischmann  it  Co.  now  have  dozens  in 
each  of  the  larger  cities  and  over  2,500 
in  the  United  States  and  the  Canadas 
making  deliveries  to  their  patrons.  No 
city 
is  too  large  to  have  every  grocer 
and  baker served  daily  and  no  town  too 
small  to  receive  thorough  and  prompt 
attention.  This  careful  consideration  of 
their  patrons’  interests,  in  conjunction 
with  the  highest  grade  of  yeast  that 
scientific, methods  can  manufacture  and 
the  finest  quality  of  grain  can  produce, 
has  been  the  secret  of  success.  No  de­
tail  is  considered  too  insignificant  to  be 
given  careful  attention  and  neither  time 
is  spared  where  a  possible 
nor  money 
improvement  can  be  had.  No  yeast 
is 
allowed  to  leave  the  respective  factories 
until  tested  by  competent  chemists  and 
proven  to  be  of  the  highest  standard. 
The  resultant  uniformity  in  quality  day 
after  day  and  year  after  year  has  re­
sulted  in  its  universal  adoption. 
is 
sent  to  the  respective  cities  and  towns 
in  the  territory  of  the  several 
factories 
exclusively  by  express,  irrespective  of 
expense,  in  order  that  it  may  reach  the 
consumer  at  the  earliest  possible  mo-, 
ment.  From  a  beginning  of  a  few  hun­
dred  pounds  per  day,  the  business  has, 
in  a 
little  over  a  quarter  of  a  century, 
grown  to  such  volume  that  if  the  aggre­
gate  daily  output  were 
into 
freight  cars  it  would  tax  the  powers  of 
one  of  the  largest  Mogul  engines  to  de­
liver  it  to  its  destination.

loaded 

It 

George  W.  McGlaughlin.

Prize  Contests  for A gricu ltural  Products.
A  shoe  dealer  in  Missouri  has  made  a 
pronounced  success  of  his  annual  prize 
contests  for  agricultural  products.  He 
offers  a  pair  of  high  grade  men’s  shoes 
for  the  best  ear  of  corn,  pair  of  fine 
shoes  for  the  best  garden  product  and 
numerous  other  prizes 
in  footwear  to 
women  and  children  who  show  the  best 
grapes,  pears,  etc.  His  show  window  is 
the  exposition  ground  and  he  very 
sagaciously  works  the  combination  for 
the  advertisement of  his  business.

When  the  exhibits  are  all  in  he  has  a 
‘/corn  week,”   when  all  the  ears  are  put 
in  his  window  in  an  artistic  manner,the 
shoe  of  course,  being  the  most  central 
object.  He  makes  a  pyramid  of  ears  of 
corn.  On  the_  top  he  places  the  shoe 
offered  as  a  prize  and beside  it  the  win­
ning.  ear. 
The  next  week  may  be
potato  week”   or  “ cabbage  week”  and 
he  uses 
it  as  a  strong  card  to  draw  at­
tention  to  his  store.  His  newspaper 
advertising  is  linked  to his  window  dis­
play  and  his  prize  drawing  comes  in 
i:or  prominent  mention.

M ICHIGAN   TRADESM AN

49

Sapitas p u t  foods

Come  as a boon and  a blessing, bringing  new life,  health,  renewed  energy

Sanitas
Nut
Foods are  su­
perior  to 
flesh
meats as blood 
and  T issue 
Builders 
and are at the 
same time 
wholesome, 
pure, 
and very 
palatable.

The Sanitas 
Nut  Foods 
require
no cooking,  and 
are preemin­
ently suited  to a 
hot  weather 
diet.  Brainy 
people  readdy 
recognize 
the  value  of our 
foods, and 
repeat orders 
are the  rule.

Voigt Milling Co.

• !» «#• »g» i|* •£••§• >|* >|« i|< >!< >|* *!< i|< '§ • '!•  *g> i| i 11* i j> »i* 'i*  i|* >|* *|* »I* *§•
♦
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Proprietors

Star and Crescent  Mills

Makers  of

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Our  Leaders:

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A  Sanitas  Nut  Food  Boy

Many dealers throughout  the  country  are  improving  their  reputation  and 
increasing  their bank  account by handling our foods  Why  not  you?
If your jobber can  not supply you  with  Sanitas  Nut  Foods,  a  postal  card  re­
quest  mailed to undersigned  will bring you terms, prices and full  particulars.

Dept.  A. 

Sanitas  Nut  Food  C o   ,  Ltd.,  Battle  Creek,  Mich.

4 »

t
*!* 
■ f*

JK fip fop the Gfocef

?

five  to  Ope

L

V®

4 s

Calla  Lily  White  Rose  Star

Crescent

We are sole manufacturers of  F louroigt,  an  improved  whole  wheat 
flour,  with  the bran and  all  impurities eliminated.
We are large handlers of  Bran,  Middlings,  Screenings  and  Corn  and 
Oats  Feed,  which  we sell  on  close  margins
We gladly  embrace  this  opportunity  to  thank  our  customers  for  past 
patronage and to assure them  that  we shall  undertake  to  merit a contin­
uance of their confidence and  esteem.

Voigt  Milling Co.,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich,

T T T T T T T i n r T i n n r T Y T T T n n n n r '

We are 

in Earnest

One  of  your  leading  jobbers  stated  to  us  that  for  every 
package  of  other  cereal  his  house  sold  five  packages  of

Cream
o fCereal

What  makes  it  so  popular?  Because  the  goods  are  right 

and  are  sold  to  the  consumer  for  ten  cents  per  package. 

To  ask  your  customers  to  pay  more  than  io  cents  per 

package  for  Cereal  Coffee  is  extortion,  and  you  know  it. 

Will  you  continue  to  do  so?  Place  an  order  with  your 
jobber  for  a  two  dozen  case.  All Jobbers  keep  it.

Cream  of Cereal Co.,  Ltd.,

Battle  Creek,  Mich.

/

When  we  say  that  we  believe  we  can  fill  or­
ders  for  the  trade  more  satisfactorily  than  any 
other  milling  concern  anywhere  else  on  earth. 
We  believe  it  because  we  have  used  every 
effort  to  make  it  true.  We  have  both  winter 
and 
the 
choicest  bolted  and  granulated  meal  in  the 
State.  We  make  ground  feed  and  handle 
carloads  of  corn,  oats,  rye,  and  beans  innu­
merable.  Every  year  we  sell  thousands  of 
tons  of  feed  and  thousands  of  barrels  of

flour.  W e  make 

spring  wheat 

Lily  White

“ The  flour  the  best  cooks  use.”  We  can 
make  up  mixed  carloads  of  nearly  everything 
anyone  in  the  feed  business  can  need.  W e 
pay  careful  attention  to  all  the  little  details. 
Follow  your  instructions  to  the  letter.  Who 
can  do  more?  No  one,  and  no  one  does.

Valley  City  Milling Co.,  Grand  Rapids, Mich,  oj 
C j l J U U U L O . J L O J l J L O J L i U l J U L J U U L S . j C '

50

M ICH IG A N   TRADESM AN

fact,  men  are  the  flower  and  fruitage  of 
every  civilization. 
If  the  would-be 
merchant  has  acquired  these  habits  of 
attention,  industry,  promptitude,  meth­
od,  accuracy,  dispatch,  perseverance, 
politeness,  self-control  and 
courage, 
self-denial,  he 
is  worth  educating  for 
business.

The  general  education  of  most  men | 
must  be  furnished  by  the  public  school. 
The  public  school  is  improving  stead­
It  attempts  to  develop,  train  and 
ily. 
instruct  the  boy. 
It  will  succeed  in  do­
ing  this  if,  in  his  home  training  and  in 
his  daily  relations,  he  acquires  the 
in­
valuable  habits  already  twice mentioned 
in  this  article.  Without  these  habits  the 
school  availeth little.  Some of  our  mer­
chant  princes  of  to-day  advise  that  boys 
be  denied  the  development, 
training 
and  instruction  offered  by  our  best  high 
schools.  They  have  asked  that  the  boy 
be  put  into  business  at  the  age  of  four­
teen  or  fifteen. 
It  is  maintained.that  at

no  longer  relates  solely  to  the  interests 
of  some  village  or small city.  Commerce 
has,  within  limits,  made  of  the  whole 
world  one  magnificent 
brotherhood. 
The  man  who 
is  to  succeed  in  this 
brotherhood  must  know  something of his 
fellow  workers, 
something  of  their 
I  plans,  something  of  their  aims,  some- 
I  thing  of  their  facilities,  something  of 
their  resources.  The  school  and  college 
must  furnish  this  information  and  must 
give  that  training  which  prepares  for 
breadth  of  mind,  which  prepares  for 
generalship.

Even  the  sciences  have 

in  our  best 
public  schools  enriched  the  mind 
in 
ways  that  encourage  a  more  humane 
commerce.  Many  years  ago  Herbert 
Spencer,  in  his  book  on  Education,  em­
phasized  the 
importance  of  a  man’s 
knowing  something  of  chemistry,  some­
thing  of  commercial  geography,  some­
thing  of  the  world’s  natural  as  well  as 
the  world’s  artificial  resources,  there-

P R E P A R A T I O N   F O R   H U S IN E S S .

N e c e s s it y   o f   E d u c a t io n   in   t h e   C a s e   o f   t h e  

M e r c h a n t .

The  would-be  merchant  or  merchant 
who  reads  this  article  will  recognize 
the  opinions  of  a  layman.  These  opin­
ions,  however,  relate  to  certain  j rin- 
ciples  underlying  the  pursuit  of  every 
successful  man.

from  hand 

Within  forty  years  great  changes  have 
in  this  country.  The  farmer 
occurred 
has  changed 
labor  to  ma­
chine  labor.  He  no  longer  swings  the 
old  hand  scythe 
in  haying  time,  nor 
does  he  use  the  old  hand  rake.  The 
mowing  machine  and  the  sulky  rake  are 
now  used  by  the  humblest  farmer.  The 
more  pretentious  farmer  uses  the  self- 
binder;  he  threshes his  grain  in  a  trice. 
He  is  no  longer  the  farmer  of  Puritan 
days.

In  manufacturing,  similar  changes 
have  taken  place.  The man  who  former­
ly  made  a  pair  of  shots  now  cuts  out 
the  uppers  with  his  machine;  another 
man  with  a  machine  does  the  sewing, 
another  the  pegging,  etc.  ;  in  fact,  the 
shoemaker  has  disappeared  from  civ ili­
zation. 
In  every  line  of  manufacturing 
to-day,  specialization  is  paramount.

setting 

In  printing,  the  changs  are,  indeed, 
marked.  To-day  a  machine>is  employed 
for 
are 
printed  and  folded  by  a  single  ma­
chine.  Man  stands  and  directs  the  ma­
chine.

type.  Newspapers 

In  teaching,  indeed  in all  the  profes­
less  than  a  revolution  has 
sions,  little 
taken  place. 
The  merchant  can  no 
longer  call  himself  an  all-round  man. 
He  is  to-day  a  director,  an  organizer,  a 
thinker.

perseverance, 

It  is  doubtful  if  these  changes have in 
every  instance  advanced  civilization.  It 
is  exceedingly  difficult  for  a  man  to  put 
life  and  character  into  all  of  his 
his 
work  to-day.  Just  now  this  enquiry 
is 
pertinent: 
Is  the  man  or  the  machine 
of  more  value  to  civilization?  Forty 
years  ago  every  boy  was  obliged,  from 
the  very  nature  of  his  position  in  life, 
to  do  manual  labor.  In  doing  this  man­
ual  labor  he  developed  the  essential  ele­
ments  of  character.  He acquired  habits 
of  industry,  promptitude,  accuracy,  dis­
patch, 
courage,  good 
cheer,  self-control,  self-denial  and  tem­
perance.  Even  to-day  a  very  large  per 
cent,  of  all  our  successful  men  have 
been  reared  on  the  farm,  in  the  shop,  or 
in  homes  where  manual 
labor  was  a 
necessity.  Can  the  world  to-day  offer 
any  better  preparation  for  man’s  life 
work?  The  answer  to  this  question 
must  be  negative. 
.This  is  a  pathetic 
fact,  because,  as  yet,  civilization  has 
offered  no substitute for developing these 
fundamental  elements  of  character.  Or, 
to  put  the  truth 
in  another  form,  no 
new  method  has  been  discovered  for  the 
building  of  a  man.

In  man’s  struggle  to  economize  time 
and  multiply  facilities  for  production 
he  has  forgotten  himself.  This  is  no 
new  truth. 
It  is  an  old  one  that  must 
continue  to  receive attention.  If we were 
to  make  a 
list  of  the  most  successful 
merchants 
in  the  United  States,  we 
should  find  that  the  majority  of  them 
learned 
in  boyhood  the  meaning  of  the 
elements  we  have  already  mentioned; 
in  fact,  the  man  who  wishes  to  be  a 
merchant  can  not  hope  to  be  successful 
if  by  chance  or  necessity  he  fails  to  ac­
quire  these  elements. 
It  is  not  the  pur­
pose  of  this  paper to  comment  in  detail 
upon  a  substitute.  The  substitute,  how­
ever,  must  be  found.  Men  are  of  more 
importance  than  machines;  men  are  of 
in
more 

importance  than  commerce; 

systematically  debits  and  credits;  en­
ables  him  to  analyze  a  balance  sheet,  so 
much  the  better;  in  fact,  it  is  a  neces­
sary  part  of  his  preparation.

With  the  preparation  we  have  already 
described,  he 
is  now  ready  for  a  post 
graduate  course,  so  to  speak.  This  post 
graduate  course  should  consist  of  two 
or  three  years’  training  in  some  first- 
class  merchant’s  emporium.  The  young 
man  who  wishes  to  be  a  successful  mer­
chant  can  afford  to  work  for  nothing  or 
even  to  pay  some  great merchant  for  the 
privilege  of  trying  to  be  useful.  This 
would  not  hold  true  if  we  were  to  bar 
the  candidate  from  the  privilege of  pro­
motion. 
If  promotion  be  granted,  the 
real  preparation  for business can best  be 
made  under  the  guidance  of  a  master 
hand. 
sometimes 
thought  that  possibly  some  provision 
could  be  made  for this  kind  of  business 
preparation,  pr  vided  the  man  who  is 
making  the  preparation 
is  willing  to 
pay  for  it.  The  history  of  successful 
merchants  indicates,  in  most  instances, 
that  they  began  at  the  bottom ;  that they 
studied  details;  that  they  thus  acquired 
a  firm  grasp  of  the  philosophy  of  organ­
ization.

The  writer  has 

It 

thinking 

into  business, 

is  true  that  thousands  of  men 
that 
plunge 
somehow  they  will  be  successful.  This 
kind  of  conduct  in  every  pursuit  is fool­
It  is,  therefore,  foolish  in  a  busi­
ish. 
In  taking  this  post  grad­
ness  pursuit. 
uate  course,  it 
is  thoroughly  essential 
that  the  man  be  broad  enough  to  study 
and  examine  other  kinds  of  business 
than  his  own.

specialization. 

Again,  we  say  that  this  is  an  age  of 
If 
organization  and 
men  will  study  the 
laws  of  trade;  if 
they  will  pr  ctice  the  laws  of  trade;  if 
they  will  study  the  wants  of  men  and 
use  best  methods  for  gratifying  these 
wants;  if  they  will  study  the  laws  of 
transportation;  in  other  words,  if  they 
will  accept  the  training  necessary  for 
preparation, 
few 
failures.

there  need  be  but 

This  outline  is  simply  suggestive. 
If 
it 
leads  any  merchant  who  has  fought 
against  failure  to  give  himself  a  more 
rigid  self-examination,  then  this  paper 
has  been  of  some  avail.  If  it encourages 
some  man  who  has  practiced  the  prin­
ciples  here 
involved  and  who  has  not 
quite  reached  the  mountain  height  of 
success, 
If 
some  reader  of this  paper  who  has made 
no  preparation,  and  who  hopes  vainly 
that  he  may  be  successful  without  prep­
aration,  is  induced to study his resources 
and  then  adapt  these  resources  to  the 
highest  needs  of  the  commercial  world, 
again  some 
little  good  has  been  real­
ized. 

W.  N.  Ferris.

its  mission 

fulfilled. 

is 

if 

is  plastic  and  teachahle ; 
this  age  he 
that  he 
is  a  ready  observer and  will 
take  upon  himself  quickly  the  habits  of 
In  the  judgment  of  the 
the  merchant. 
writer,  this  is  a  mistake.  Even 
it 
be  granted  that  this  method  would  give 
the  highest  results  from  the  standpoint 
of  the  money  standard,  it  does  not  con­
clusively  prove  that  it  is  a  wise  plan  to 
pursue.  When  merchants,  as  well  as 
professional  men,  learn  that  even  com­
mercial  failure  may  be  incidental  to  the 
development  of  a  magnificent  man,  they 
will  be  quite  willing  to  offer  the boy  the 
very  best  facilities 
that  our  public 
schools  can  present  and  in  most  cases, 
where  it  is  possible,  even  give  him  the 
college  training.  The  time  is  coming— 
and  it  is  not  far  distant—when  the  mer­
chant  will  need  all  that  a  liberal  educa­
tion  means  quite  as.much  as  the  teacher 
and  professional  man.

Commerce  no  longer  concerns  stores 
situated  at  crossroads  in  the  country.  It

fore, 
the  broader  the  education  of  the 
merchant,  the  better.  The  deeper  his 
knowledge  of  political  economy,  history 
and  the  sciencs,  the  better  his  prepara­
tion  for  success.

The  merchant  ought  to  supplement 
his  general  education  with  some  knowl- 
I edge  of  commercial  branches.  While  it 
is  not 
imperative  that  every  merchant 
should  be  a  practical  book-keeper,  it  is 
important  that  he  be  able  to  interpret  a 
set  of  books.  We  do  not  maintain  that 
a  business  college  education  ought  to 
constitute  a  merchant’s  business  prepa­
ration.  Business  colleges  are,  not  in­
frequently,  very 
schools. 
They  do  not  deal  with  the  fundamental 
elements  of  success.  They  are  com­
pelled,  by  the  very  nature  of  their  pat­
ronage, 
lightly. 
After  all,  if  the  merchant’s  preparation 
enables  him  to  write  a  good  business 
hand;  enables  him  to  compute accurate­
ly  and  quickly;  enables  him  to  classify

to  touch  everything 

superficial 

Evidences  of  the  sprouting  of  seeds 
swallowed  by  human  beings  and  ani­
mals  are  not  uncommon.  A  Cleveland 
boy  died  recently  and  it  was  discovered 
that  his  death  had  been  caused  by  a 
kernel  of  corn  which  he  had  swallowed 
some  time  ago  and  which  had  taken 
root  and  grown  so  that  it  choked  up  his 
organ.  Several  years  ago  a  man 
in 
Chicago  swallowed  a  melon  seed  and  he 
afterward  declared  that 
it  abode  with 
him.  His  friends used  to  laugh and ask 
how  his  melon  crop  was  coming  on.  He 
died  next  and  the  autopsy  proved  that 
he  was  right.

the  other  day 

Four  hundred  elk  tusks  were  sold  in 
Spokane,  Wash., 
for 
$1,000.  The  demands  of  the  members 
of  the  order  of  Elks  and  the  growing 
scarcity  have 
increased  the  value  of 
the  tusks.  Fourteen  years  ago  a  Mon­
tana  man  paid  but  $80  for  an  Indian 
head-dress  that  contained  800  elk  teeth. 
Last  year a  similar head-dress  contain­
ing  280 tusks  sold  for $200.

rW <

M ICH IGAN   TRADESM AN

WM.  C.  BAGLEY,  Sec. and Treas.

Michigan Representative—H a r r y   T.  L o w t h k r .

I HIRAM  A.  WALKER,  President, 
Michigan Wall Paper Co., Limited

The

51

«

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M ICH IG A N   TRADESM AN

000,  largely  white  cedar.  F rom  an  un- 1 
broken  forest  of  white  pine  in  the  State 
only  a  few  years  ago,  to-day  there 
is 
nothing 
left,  not  even  the  down  and 
worthless  stuff  to  make  pine  shingles 
from.  Probably  one-half  the  popula- 
ion  of  the  United  States  depended  on 
Michigan  ten  years  ago  for their  sup­
ply  of  shingles. 
It  may  be  interesting 
to  note  the  rise  and  fall  of  the  shingle 
ndustry 
in  Michigan  as  shown  by  the 
following  statements,  from  1873  to  the 
present 
the  comparative 
amounts  made  in  different  years  during 
this  period  at  the  principal  points  of 
manufacture :

time,  and 

Shingles  Manufactured  in  the  Lower 

Peninsula  of  M ichigan:

1873, 
1883, 
1888, 
1899, 

1,500,193,000
2,385,000,000
2,660,000,000
1,066,000,000

Shingles  manufactured  at  the  follow­

ing  points  during  this  period :

the  State  of  Washington,  having  to  bear 
railroad 
transportation  of  from  three 
thousand  to  four  thousand  miles.  There 
are  to-day  over  400  shingle  mills  in 
Washington.  The  industry  started  about 
ten  years  ago,  and  the  following  table 
will  show  the  great  increase  in  the busi­
ness :

Shipped  to  the  Eastern  States  from 

Washington :
1890, 
1891, 
1892, 
1893, 
1894, 
1895, 
1896, 
1897, 
1898, 
1899, 

2,100  carloads.
3.300  carloads.
6,341  carloads.
6,053  airloads.
10,975  carloads.
12,710  carloads.
13,949  carloads.
16,875  carloads.
19.312  carloads.
23,246  carloads.

Or  a  gain  from  315,000,000  in  1890  to

3,500,000,000  in  1899.

It 

is  estimated  there  is  about  1,000,- 
000,000 cypress  shingles  made each  year 
!  in  the  Southern  States,  which  are  mar-

52

T H E   S H I N G L E   T R A D E .

C h an g e  F r o m   M ic h ig a n   P in e  t o   W a s h in g ­

to n   R e d   C e d a r .

they 

found 

the  northern 

they  are  m ade, 

T h e   a vera ge  in d iv id u a l  is  ob liged   to 
bu y  sh in gles  but  a  few   tim es  d urin g  his 
the 
lifetim e .  W here 
am ount  used  in   the  U n ited   States 
from  
y ea r  to  year,  the  rap id   d eclin e  o f  the 
sh in gle 
ind ustry  in  the  State  of  M ic h i­
gan,  few   people,  p robably,,  outside  of 
the  trade  h ave  ever  thought  m uch  about 
it,  at  least  g iv e n   it  any  great  attention.
W hen  M ich ig an   w as  in vad ed   by  the 
the 
early  F ren ch   settlers 
two- 
State,  p a rticu la rly 
th ird s,  p ra ctica lly  an  unbroken  forest  of 
p in e  tim b er  of  the  finest  q u ality  in 
the 
in 
w orld. 
the  L n io n   ever 
No  state 
lik e   the  q u ality  and 
y ie ld e d   a nyth in g 
qu an tity  com bined 
that  has  been  cut 
the  Low er  Peninsula  of  M ic h i­
from  
gan.
the  early  d ays  of  lum berin g  very 
In 
sh in gles, 
were 
few  
m ade.  H and-shaved 
sh in gles  were 
about  all  that  w ere  used,  these  b ein g 
sp lit  out  from  the  stra ig h t-g rain ed   trees 
w ith   a  froe  and  shaved  b y  hand. 
Sue 
for  saw in g  sh in gles 
cessful  m ach in es 
w ere  brought  out  about 
th e   year  1850 
in  connection  w ith  the 
and  w ere  run 
sa w m ills  at  our  p rin cip a l 
la k e  ports 
S ag in aw ,  the  H uron  shore,  C h eboygan 
M an istee,  L u d in gton ,  M uskegon  and 
G rand  H aven.  T h e  business,  how ever 
w as  more  of  a  sid e  issue  to  the 
lum be 
business.

co m p aratively, 

found 

logs  not  d esirable 

From   about  the  year  1873  the  sawed 
sh in gle  business  increased  very  rap id ly. 
T h e y   were  m ade  from  w hite  pin e  alto ­
geth er  an d   m anufacturers 
it  a 
in  w orkin g  up  the 
profitable  business 
poorer 
for  lum ber. 
in  on  the  p rin cip al  lu m ­
M ills  started 
ber  roads,  such  as 
the  G .  R .  &  I., 
D.,  L .  &  N .,  C.  &  W.  M .,  F .  &   P.  M. 
and  the  M ack in aw   d iv is io n   of the  M .  C.
T h e  E astern  and  W estern  States  b e ­
gan   to  look  to  M ich ig an   for  th eir  sh in ­
gles.  T h e y   were  transported  largely  bv 
boat 
the  Sagin aw   Y’ a lley  and  the 
Huron  shore  d istrict  to  T o ledo,  C le v e ­
land,  Buffalo  and  A lb a n y,  the  output  of 
the  w est 
largely 
through  C h ica g o   and  M ilw au k ee  to  the 
W estern  States.  O h io  and  Indiana  also 
began   to  take  them   by  rail.

shore  m ills  g o in g 

from  

This  great  demand  stimulated trade to 
such  an  extent  that  by  1879  the  shingle 
business  had  taken  a  new  departure  and 
mills  commenced  going  in  on  tracts  of 
timber,  working  up  the  defective  logs 
that  had  been  left  by  prodigal  lumber­
ing  years  before.

in 

the  m axim um  

for  a  substitute 

T w o   b locker  sh in gle  m ills  were  in ­
vented  about  th is  tim e  and  ten  blockers 
the  output  with 
soon  after,  in creasin g 
great  ra p id ity, 
b ein g 
reached 
the  year  1888.  U p  to  th is 
tim e  sh in gles  in  the  State  of  M ich ig an  
were  ail  m ade  from   w h ite  pine,  but  it 
soon  becom in g  evid en t  that  tim b er  was 
to 
gettin g  scarce,  m anufacturers  began 
reach  out 
for  pine, 
w h ich   they  found  in  w h ite  cedar.  But 
as  w hite  pin e  becam e  exhausted 
the 
sh in gle  output  gra d u a lly  d im in ish ed , 
notw ithstanding  ced ar  tim ber,  until  to ­
d ay  even  ced ar  tim b er  is  gettin g scarce, 
the  output  grow ing  m uch  sm aller  every 
year,  and  there  is  sca rcely  a  w h ite  pine 
the  S ta te ;  I 
sh in gle 
th ink  the  statem ent  can  be  m ade 
that 
there 
is  not  a  sin gle  sh in gle  m ill  run­
n in g  to-day  on  w h ite  pine  sh in gles  e x ­
clu siv e ly  
the  Low er  Peninsula  of 
M ich ig an .

fo u n d '  in 

to  be 

in  

Where  there was 2,660,000,000 shingles 
made 
in  the  State  during  1888,  there 
was  made  during  1899  about  1,000,000,-

h e m l o c k   b a r k .

P r o d u c t   o f   t h e   L o w e r   P e n in s u l a   P r a c t i ­

c a l ly   E x h a u s t e d .

Hemlock  bark 

is  as  little  known  as 
any  commodity  that  I  call  to  mind  and 
only  a  few  realize  the  magnitude  of  the 
business  in handling  and the importance 
of  this  tanning  product.

Seventeen  years  ago  goes  back  of  my 
in  the  trade  two  and  one-half 
time 
years,  but  my  father,  N.  B.  Clark,  now 
deceased,  had  already  laid  the  founda­
tions  of  a  business  that  has  grown  to  be 
one  of  the 
in  the 
State.

industries 

leading 

Nearly  all  the  tanners  were  formerly 
located  in  practically  bark  reigons  or  in 
cities  favorable  to  hide  markets  and  to 
receiving  the  larger  part  of  their  supply 
of  bark  by  vessel  shipments ;  but  with 
each  year’s  consumption  the  tanner  was 
compelled  to  reach  out  farther  for  his 
supply  and  where  he  had  been  getting 
all  he  could  use  by  wagon  or  vessel,  it 
finally  became  necessary  to  ship  in  by 
rail.  As  rail  shipments  opened  up  a 
[.larger  bark  territory.it  was  not  long  un­
til  new  markets  were  established,  partly 
by  the  building  of  new  taneries  at  rail­
road  centers  taking  favorable  rail  rates 
and  partly  through  interesting  tanners 
throughout  Ohio, 
Illinois, 
Kentucky  and  Missouri  to  use  hemlock 
bark  with  their  oak,  the  union  of  the 
two  barks  making  a  more profitable  tan­
nage  and  at  the  same  time  producing 
a  fine  quality  of  leather.
Seventeen  years  ago 

Indiana, 

considered  of 

it  seemed  that 
hemlock  in  Michigan  was  almost 
inex­
haustible  and  the  timber  and  bark 
stumpage  were 
little 
value,  millions  of  feet  being  cut  down 
for  the  bark  alone.  The  price  received 
for  the  hark  was  only  enough  to  yield 
fair  wages  for  the  work  done  and  al­
lowed  but 
little  for  stumpage.  but  as 
the  peeling  of  bark  comes  at  a  time  of 
year  when  all  other  work  in  the  woods 
is  scarce,  and  to  within  the  last  three 
or  four  years  was  done  principally  hy 
those  wishing  to  clear  up  lands  for  their 
homes,  it  proved  to  be  a  great  help  and 
has  been  the  means  of  bringing  many 
thousands  of  dollars  into  the  State  each 
year,  not,  however,  without  making  a 
great  change  in  the  amount  of  hemlock 
timber  remaining,  so  much  so  that  it  is 
only  a  question  of  a  short  time when the 
supply  in  Lower  Michigan  will  be  com­
pletely  exhausted.

It  would  be  hard  to give  an exact esti­
mate  of  the  amount  of  Michigan  hem­
lock  bark  handled  each  year,  but  the 
following  figures  are  not  much out of  the 
way:  200,000  cords,  representing  400,- 
000,000  feet  of  timber  peeled ;  average 
price  paid 
loading  points, 
f.  o.  b. 
which  represents  the 
labor  almost  en­
tirely,  is  $4  per  cord,or $800,000.  To 
this  can  be  added  the  freight  to  make 
delivery  to  tanner,  which  will  average 
$3  per  cord,  or $600,000  more,  making  a 
total  of $1,400,000.

Notwithstanding  all  that  has  been 
cut,  Michigan  can  still  boast  of  many 
thousands  of acres  of  uncut timber in the 
Upper  Peninsula,  where  but  little  has 
been  ddne  toward  marketing  either  the 
bark  or timber,  owing  to  the  low  prices 
in  the  past;  but,  with  the  diminishing 
supply 
lower  Michigan  and  the  ad­
vance  in  prices,  the  marketing  of  Up­
per  Peninsula  hemlock  bark  is  near  at 
hand. 

Clarence  U.  Clark.

in 

H o w   H e   F e l t .

Dentist— I  have  pulled  the  tooth  out.

1 Now  how  do  you  feel?

Sufferer— F e e l!  W hy,  I  feel  as  if  you 
had  pulled  m y  head  out  and  left  the

Muskegon.

22,750,000.
327,000,000.
520,000,000.
169,000,000.
34,000,000.

Manistee.

120,000,000.
722,000,000.
400,000,000.
189,000,000.

Saginaw.

218,000,000.
304,000,000.
38,000,000.

>873»
1884,
1887,
1892,
1898,

1873.
1883,
1890,
1899,

1873.
1881,
1896,

G rand  H aven.
36.000. 
000.
147.000.  000.

4.000. 

000.

D.,  L.  &  N.R.  R.  Mills.

90.000. 
000.
497.000.  000.
000.
85.000. 
8.000. 
000.

1873.
1883,
1888,

1873.
1884,
1891,
1896,

To-day  the  bulk  of  the  shingles  used 
are  made  from  red  cedar  and come  from

keted  largely  in  the  Atlantic  seaboard 
towns  and  the  Western  States.  There  is 
also  a  considerable  quantity  of  hemlock 
in  Pennsylvania,  and 
shingles  made 
quite  a  quantity  of  redwood  made 
in 
California,  but  the  amounts  are  com 
paratively  small.

Walter  C.  Winchester.

T h e   T h ir d   P a r t y .

"D o n ’t  talk  to  me  about  a  third 
party!”   exclaimed  the  old  politician.
“ A  third  party  is  always  a  fraud.”  
‘ ‘ He’s  awfully 
the  way  some­
times,”   assented  the  politician’s  pretty 
daughter. 

_____

in 

W h i l e   t h e   F u r o r   I s  O n .

“ What 

is  the  zenith  of  a  politician’s 

ambition,  pa?”

“ Well,  it  is  when  photographers  are 
chasing  him  to  take  his  picture  every 
day  for  weeks  before  he  fails  to  get 
elected.”  

____

_ 

The  man  who  is  always  serious  or  al- 

oroi,c  mprrv  is  hut  half  a  man.

M ICH IGAN   TRADESM AN

53

The  W eir  Stone 

| 

Fruit  Jar

‘ The  Old  Reliable 
j 
*  Harrison  Wagons :

Hermetically  Sealed  at  All  Times.

Hade in Six Sizes:

i  Pint,  i  Quart,  2  Quarts,  4  Quarts,  8  Quarts,  20  Quarts.

Not  an  Experiment.

Can  be  Sealed  and  Unsealed  Easier  and  Quicker  than 

lulls.__ 

3

Corking  a  Jug.  Think  of  It  !

A  continual  downward  pressure  on  the  bale until  Unsealed.

p A I  
\
i p i [ Q [

No

Slivers

of

Glass

in
Fruit

w e ìsL

STONE FR ff

j a I

Manufactured  by

y  
)  WEIR POTTERY CO.,  Monmouth,  III.

i_____________________________________________________________________

T h e y   h ave  m any  points  of  superiority  and  excellen ce.  A   catalogue 
w ill  exp lain  these  and  a  postal  card   request  w ill  get  you  the  very 
closest  prices.  W rite  us.

Harrison  Wagon  Co.,

Grand  Rapids,  Mich.

WILLIAMS  BROS. & GHflRBONNEflU,  Detroit  MlGh.

M A N U F A C T U R E R S   O F

The  Finest  Condiments  Offered  to  the  American  People

Chili Sauce 
Finest  Quality

Waldorf Relish 

most appetizing relish 

in the world

Fancy  Sweet 

Pickles

Finest  Quality  Prepared 

Mustard

For  Sale  by  the  Best  Retail  Trade  Everywhere.

A T   W H O LE S A LE   B Y

CLARK-JEW ELL-W ELLS  CO.  and  all  Jobbers  in  SAGINAW,  BAY  CITY  and  DETROIT.

52

M ICH IG A N   TRAD ESM AN

T H E   S H I N G L E   T R A D E .

C h a n g e   F r o m   M ic h ig a n   P in e  t o   W a s h in g ­

to n   R e d   C e d a r .

The  average  individual  is  obliged  to 
buy  shingles  but  a  few  times  during  his 
lifetime.  Where 
they  are  made,  the 
amount  used  in  the  United  States  from 
year  to  year,  the  rapid  decline  of  the 
shingle 
industry  in  the  State  of  M ichi­
gan,  few  people,  probably,  outside  of 
the  trade  have  ever  thought  much  about 
it,  at  least  given  it  any  great  attention.
When  Michigan  was  invaded  by  the 
early  French  settlers  they 
found  the 
State,  particularly  the  northern  two- 
thirds,  practically  an  unbroken  forest  of 
pine  timber  of  the  finest  quality  in 
the 
in  the  Union  ever 
world. 
No  state 
yielded  anything 
like  the  quality  and 
quantity  combined  that  has  been  cut 
from  the  Lower  Peninsula  of  Michi­
gan.

shingles, 

In  the  early  days  of  lumbering  very 
comparatively,  were 
few 
made.  Hand-shaved 
shingles  were 
about  all  that  were  used,  these  being 
split  out  from  the  straight-grained  trees 
with  a  froe  and  shaved  by  hand.  Suc­
cessful  machines  for  sawing  shingles 
were  brought  out  about  the  year  1850 
in  connection  with  the 
and  were  run 
sawmills  at  our  principal 
lake  ports, 
Saginaw,  the  Huron  shore,  Cheboygan, 
Manistee,  Ludington,  Muskegon  and 
Grand  Haven.  The  business,  however, 
was  more  of  a  side  issue  to  the 
lumber 
business.

From  about  the  year  1873  the  sawed 
shingle  business  increased  very rapidly. 
They  were  made  from  white  pine  alto­
gether  and  manufacturers  found 
it  a 
profitable  business 
in  working  up  the 
poorer 
logs  not  desirable  for  lumber. 
Mills  started 
in  on  the  principal  lum­
ber  roads,  such  as  the  G.  R.  &  I.,
D.,  L.  &  N.,  C.  &  W.  M.,  F.  &  P.  M. 
and  the  Mackinaw  division  of the M.  C.
The  Eastern  and  Western  States  be­
gan  to  look  to  Michigan  for  their  shin­
gles.  They  were  transported  largely  bv 
boat  from  the  Saginaw  Valley  and  the 
Huron  shore  district  to  Toledo,  Cleve­
land,  Buffalo  and  Albany,  the  output  of 
the  west 
largely 
through  Chicago  and  Milwaukee  to  the 
Western  States.  Ohio  and  Indiana  also 
began  to  take  them  by  rail.

shore  mills  going 

This  great  demand  stimulated trade to 
such  an  extent  that  by  1879  the  shingle 
business  had  taken  a  new  departure  and 
mills  commenced  going  in  on  tracts  of 
timber,  working  up  the  defective  logs 
that  had  been  left  by  prodigal  lumber­
ing  years  before.

Two  blocker  shingle  mills  were  in­
vented  about  this  time  and  ten  blockers 
soon  after,  increasing  the  output  with 
great  rapidity, 
the  maximum  being 
reached 
in  the  year  1888.  Up  to  this 
time  shingles  in  the  State  of  Michigan 
were  ail  made  from  white  pine,  but  it 
soon  becoming  evident  that  timber  was 
getting  scarce,  manufacturers  began  to 
reach  out  for  a  substitute 
for  pine, 
which  they  found  in  white  cedar.  But 
as  white  pine  became  exhausted  the 
shingle  output  gradually  diminished, 
notwithstanding  cedar  timber,  until  to­
day  even  cedar timber  is  getting scarce, 
the  output  growing  much  smaller  every 
year,  and  there  is  scarcely  a  white  pine 
shingle  to  be 
the  State;  I 
think  the  statement  can  be  made  that 
there 
is  not  a  single  shingle  mill  run­
ning  to-day  on  white  pine  shingles  ex­
clusively 
in  the  Lower  Peninsula  of 
Michigan.

found'  in 

Where  there was 2,660,000,000 shingles 
made 
in  the  State  during  1888,  there 
was  made  during  1899  about  1,000,000,-

000,  largely  white  cedar.  From  an  un­
broken  forest  of  white  pine  in  the  State 
only  a  few  years  ago,  to-day  there 
is 
nothing 
left,  not  even  the  down  and 
worthless  stuff  to  make  pine  shingles 
from.  Probably  one-half  the  popula­
tion  of  the  United  States  depended  on 
Michigan  ten  years  ago  for their  sup­
ply  of  shingles. 
It  may  be  interesting 
to  note  the  rise  and  fall  of  the  shingle 
industry 
in  Michigan  as  shown  by  the 
following  statements,  from  1873  to  the 
present 
the  comparative 
amounts  made  in  different  years  during 
this  period  at  the  principal  points  of 
manufacture :

time,  and 

Shingles  Manufactured  in  the  Lower 

Peninsula  of  Michigan:

1873, 
1883, 
1888, 
1899, 

1,500,193,000
2,385,000,000
2,660,000,000
1,066,000,000

Shingles  manufactured  at  the  follow­

ing  points  during  this  period :

Muskegon.

22,750,000.
327,000,000.
520,000,000.
169,000,000.
34,000,000. 

Manistee.

120,000,000.
722,000,000.
400,000,000.
189,000,000.

Saginaw.

218,000,000.
304,000,000.
38,000,000.

1873.
1884,
1887,
1892,
1898,

1873.
1883,
1890,
1899,

1873.
1881,
1896,

Grand  Haven.

36,000,000.
147,000,000.
4,000,000.

1873.
1883,
1888,
.,  L. &  N.R.  R.  Mills.
1873.
1884,
1891,
1896,

90,000,000.
497,000,000.
85,000,000.
8,000,000.

the  State  of  Washington,  having  to  bear 
railroad 
transportation  of  from  three 
thousand  to  four  thousand  miles.  There 
are  to-day  over  400  shingle  mills  in 
Washington.  The  industry  started  about 
ten  years  ago,  and  the  following  table 
will  show  the  great  increase  in  the busi­
ness :

Shipped  to  the  Eastern  States  from 

Washington :
1890, 
1891, 
1892, 
1893, 
1894, 
1895, 
1896, 
1897, 
1898, 
1899, 

2,100  carloads.
3.300  carloads.
6,341  carloads.
6,053  carloads.
10,975  carloads.
12,710  carloads.
13,949  carloads.
16,875  carloads.
19,312  carloads.
23,246  carloads.

Or  a  gain  from  315,000,000  in  1890  to

3,500,000,000  in  1899.

It 

is  estimated  there  is  about  1,000,- 
000,000  cypress  shingles  made each  year 
in  the  Southern  States,  which  are  mar­

\

keted  largely  in  the  Atlantic  seaboard 
towns  and  the  Western  States.  There  is 
also  a  considerable  quantity  of  hemlock 
in  Pennsylvania,  and 
shingles  made 
quite  a  quantity  of  redwood  made 
in 
California,  but  the  amounts  are  com­
paratively  small.

Walter  C.  Winchester.

T h e   T h ir d   P a r t y .

“ Don’t  talk  to  me  about  a  third 
party!’ ’  exclaimed  the  old  politician.
“ A  third  party  is  always  a  fraud.”  
“ He’s  awfully 
the  way  some­
times,”   assented  the  politician’s  pretty 
daughter.

in 

W h i l e   t h e   F u r o r   1» O n .

“ What 

is  the  zenith  of  a  politician’s 

ambition,  pa?”

“ Well,  it  is  when  photographers  are 
chasing  him  to  take  his  picture  every 
day  for  weeks  before  he  fails  to  get 
elected. ”

H E M L O C K   B A R K .

Product  of the  Lower  Peninsula  Practi­

cally  Exhausted.

Hemlock  bark 

is  as  little  known  as 
any  commodity  that  I  call  to  mind  and 
only  a  few  realize  the  magnitude  of  the 
business  in handling  and the importance 
of  this  tanning  product.

Seventeen  years  ago  goes  back  of  my 
time 
in  the  trade  two  and  one-half 
years,  but  my  father,  N.  B.  Clark,  now 
deceased,  had  already  laid  the  founda­
tions  of  a  business  that  has  grown  to  be 
one  of  the 
in  the 
State.

industries 

leading 

Indiana, 

Nearly  all  the  tanners  were  formerly 
located  in  practically  bark  reigons  or  in 
cities  favorable  to  hide  markets  and  to 
receiving  the  larger  part  of  their  supply 
of  bark  by  vessel  shipments;  but  with 
each  year's  consumption  the  tanner  was 
compelled  to  reach  out  farther  for  his 
supply  and  where  he  had  been  getting 
all  he  could  use  by  wagon  or  vessel,  it 
finally  became  necessary  to  ship  in  by 
rail.  As  rail  shipments  opened  up  a 
larger  bark  territory.it  was  not  long  un­
til  new  markets  were  established,  partly 
by  the  building  of  new  taneries  at  rail­
road  centers  taking  favorable  rail  rates 
and  partly  through  interesting  tanners 
throughout  Ohio, 
Illinois, 
Kentucky  and  Missouri  to  use  hemlock 
bark  with  their  oak,  the  union  of  the 
two  barks  making  a  more profitable  tan­
nage  and  at  the  same  time  producing 
a  fine  quality  of  leather.
Seventeen  years  ago 

it  seemed  that 
inex­
hemlock  in  Michigan  was  almost 
the  timber  and  bark 
haustible  and 
stumpage  were 
little 
value,  millions  of  feet  being  cut  down 
for  the  bark  alone.  The  price  received 
for  the  hark  was  only  enough  to  yield 
fair  wages  for  the  work  done  and  al­
lowed  but 
little  for  stumpage,  but  as 
the  peeling  of  bark  comes  at  a  time  of 
year  when  all  other  work  in  the  woods 
is  scarce,  and  to  within  the  last  three 
or  four  years  was  done  principally  by 
those  wishing  to  clear  up  lands  for their 
homes,  it  proved  to  be  a  great  help  and 
has  been  the  means  of  bringing  many 
thousands  of  dollars  into  the  State  each 
year,  not,  however,  without  making  a 
great  change  in  the  amount  of  hemlock 
timber  remaining,  so  much  so  that  it  is 
only  a  question  of  a  short  time when the 
supply  in  Lower  Michigan  will  be  com­
pletely  exhausted.

considered  * of 

It  would  be  hard  to give  an exact esti­
mate  of  the  amount  of  Michigan  hem­
lock  bark  handled  each  year,  but  the 
following  figures  are  not  much out of  the 
way:  200,000  cords,  representing  400,- 
000,000  feet  of  timber  peeled ;  average 
loading  points, 
price  paid 
f.  o.  b. 
which  represents  the 
labor  almost  en­
tirely,  is  $4  per  cord,or $800,000.  To 
this  can  be  added  the  freight  to  make 
delivery  to  tanner,  which  will  average 
$3  per  cord,  or $600,000  more,  making  a 
total  of $1,400,000.

Notwithstanding  all  that  has  been 
cut,  Michigan  can  still  boast  of  many 
thousands  of acres  of  uncut timber in the 
Upper  Peninsula,  where  but  little  has 
been  ddne  toward  marketing  either  the 
bark  or timber,  owing  to  the  low  prices 
in  the  past;  but,  with  the  diminishing 
supply 
lower  Michigan  and  the  ad­
vance  in  prices,  the  marketing  of  Up­
per  Peninsula  hemlock  bark  is  near  at 
hand- 

Clarence  U.  Clark.

in 

H o w   H e   F e lt .

Dentist— I  have  pulled  the  tooth  out. 

Now  how  do  you  feel?

Sufferer— F eel!  Why,  I  feel  as  if  you 
had  pulled  my  head  out  and  left  the 
tooth.

To-day  the  bulk  of  the  shingles  used 
are  made  from  red  cedar and come  from |

The  man  who  is  always  serious  or  al­

ways  merry  is  but  half  a  man.

M ICH IGAN   TRADESM AN

The  W eir  Stone 

j 

Fruit  Jar

The  Old  Reliable 
Harrison  Wagons

Hermetically  Sealed  at  All  Times.

flade in Six Sizes:

i  Pint,  i  Quart,  2  Quarts,  4  Quarts,  8  Quarts,  20  Quarts.

Not  an  Experiment.

Can  be  Sealed  and  Unsealed  Easier  and  Quicker  than 

Corking  a  Jug.  Think  of  I t !

A  continual  downward  pressure  on  the  bale until  Unsealed.

No

Slivers

of
Glass

in
Fruit

Manufactured  by

WEIR POTTERY CO.,  Monmouth,  111.

They have many points of superiority and  excellence.  A  catalogue 
will  explain  these and  a  postal  card  request  will  get  you  the  very 
closest  prices.  Write  us.

Harrison  Wagon  Co.,

Grand  Rapids,  Mich.

^  

-«g- 

¿ g . 

. g .  

g .  g .  g .  g .  g .  g .  g .  g .  g .  g .  g .  /?■

WILLIAMS  BROS. S GHARBONNLAU,  Detroit, MlGlI.

M A N U F A C T U R E R S   O F

The  Finest  Condiments  Offered  to  the  American  People

Chili Sauce 
Finest  Quality

Waldorf Relish 

most appetizing relish 

in the world

Waldorf 

Tomato  Catsup

Fancy Sweet 

Pickles

Finest  Quality  Prepared 

Mustard

For  ¿ale  by  the  Best  Retail  Trade  Everywhere.

A T   W H O LE S A LE   B Y

CLARK-JEWELL-WELLS  CO.  and  all  Jobbers  in  SAGINAW,  BAY  CITY  and  DETROIT.

54

B U S I N E S S   M E N   I N   P O L I T I C S .

W h y   T h e y   S h o u ld   M a k e   T h e i r   I n f lu e n c e  

F e l t .

As  a  rule,  the  business  man  is  not  in 
politics.  Politics  has  two  definitions 
in  Webster’s  Unabridged:  First,  “ The 
science  of  government,”   second,  “ the 
management  of  a  political  party—the 
advancement  of  candidates  to  office. 
Unfortunately  the  latter  and  worse  defi­
nition 
is  the  one  more  commonly  asso­
ciated  in  the  public  mind with  the  word 
politician  or  politics,  and  when  two 
men  talk  politics  we  most  readily 
infer 
that  they  are  discussing  the  chances  of 
certain  candidates  winning  out  or  are 
wrangling  over  the  management of  their 
own  or  the  opposing  party.

The  “ business  man”   is  also  a term of 
broad  meaning,  but 
in  this  case,  from 
the  nature  of  the  publication  requesting 
the  article,  is  understood  to  refer  to 
those  engaged 
in  mercantile  pursuits 
and  traffic.

The  duty  of  good  citizenship  rests 
equally  on  all  citizens.  There 
is  no 
satisfactory 
reason  why  any  citizen 
should 
ignore  his  public  duties,  absent 
himself  from  the  primaries,  neglect  to 
vote  or  refuse  to  connect  himself  with 
some  political  party.  These  are 
all 
simple  duties  easily  performed,  yet  the 
failure  to  perform  them  is  the  primary 
reason  for  our  failure  to  get  good  gov­
ernment  in town,  municipality  or  state. 
Broadly  speaking,  all  men  desire  good 
few  men  understand 
government,  but 
it.  Many  men  take  to 
the  science  of 
politics,  that 
is  to  the  management  of 
the  party.  There  are  usually  in  all  po­
litical  parties  two  sets  of  leaders,  one 
representing  party  management  and  the 
advancement  of  favorite candidates only 
and  the  other  desiring  in  the  main  good 
government  only.'  With  the  latter  clas 
the  business  man  most  naturally  affil 
ates;  but  unfortunately  he  does  not 
affiliate  enough.  He  becomes  absorbed 
in  his  business.  He  thinks  he  can  not 
afford  time  to  interest  himself  in  public 
matters.  He  can  better  afford  to  pay 
in  way  of  taxes  for  poorly  managed,  ex 
pensive,  even  corrupt,  city or  other  gov­
ernment  than  to  take  time  to  correct  the 
same.  Only  when  matters  get  extreme­
ly  bad  does  he  arouse  himself  and  then 
is  a  change,  until  his  neglect 
there 
brings 
a  similar  condition 
again.  And  yet  the  business  man  is  by 
training,  by  experience,  by  education, 
particularly  adapted  to  politics.

around 

is 

Politics 

largely  a  matter  of  com­
promises—no  party  comes  up  to 
its 
ideal.  Unless  the  conflicting  interests 
its  members  compel  compromises 
of 
nothing 
is  accomplished.  Caucus  or 
committee  judgment  must  often  prevail 
in  place  of  individual  opinion.  Some 
candidates  are  not  satisfactory,but  must 
be  supported  for the  sake  of  better  ones 
on  the  same  ticket.  Organization  must 
be  kept  up.  Sacrifice  hits must be made. 
Grand  stand  plays  don’t  count,  and 
team  work  does. 
Independence  is  not 
necessarily  sacrifice  in  this.
life 

is  one  of 
compromises.  Constantly 
is  he  com­
pelled  to  adjust  differences,  to  decide 
policies,  to  plan  business  campaigns,  to 
harmonize  conflicting  interests,  to  fore 
cast  the  future.  He  submits  to  injus­
tice,  he  grants  favors,  he  subscribes  to 
various  things,  he  promotes  enterprises, 
not  because  his  judgment  commends 
in  every  case,  but  because  it  is 
them 
in  the  long  run.  He 
for  his 
compromises 
in  all  things  except  his 
principles.  No  one  understands  better 
the  value  of  unquestioned 
integrity, 
reputation,  high
good  character  and 

The  business  man’s 

interest 

7*1>  w i

-yéi

*  V

'  «  s

, r   j

Vi

<■ *  *

V

Mà

In  times  past  all  these  electric  wires 
were  installed  by  the 
local  electrician 
or telegraph  operator,  as  the  case  might 
be,  and  the  manner  in  which  he  did 
it 
depended  on  the  price  he  got  for  his 
job  and  on  his  particular  ideas  of  the 
proper  way  to  do  things;  but  now  this 
all  changed  and  all  wiring  is  sub­
jected  to  the  most  rigid  inspection  by 
the 
fire  departments  of  cities  and  the 
inspection  bureaus  of  the  fire 
insurance 
companies  and  must  conform  to  certain 
definite  rules  and 
The 
companies  doing  the  work  are  required 
to  procure 
licenses  and  file  bonds,  so 
that  the  public,  who  in  general  are  not 
acquainted  with  proper  and  safe  meth­
ods  of  wiring,  are  fully  protected.

regulations. 

I his  increasing  use  of  electricity  has 
created  a  demand  for  special  electrical 
appliances  of  all  kinds  and  the  elec­
trical  supply  house  has  sprung 
into 
its  thousand  and  one 
existence,  with 
articles  made  especially 
for  the  safe 
conducting and controlling of electricity.
In  the  railway  world,  also,  electricity 
s  rapidly  becoming,  or,  we  should  say, 
has  become,  the  sole  power  for  operat- 
ing  the  street  car  system  of  the  coun­
try,  and  the  ease  with  which  this  power 
can  be  transmitted  has  enabled  the  rail­
way  engineers  to  draw  their  power  for 
the  systems  of  entire  cities  from  one  or 
two  central  points.  As  a  result  these 
railway  power  plants  are  becoming 
enormous 
In  New  York  City, 
at  the  present  time,  there  are  in  course 
of  construction 
two  different  stations 
each  of  which  will  have  a  capacity  of 
about  one  hundred 
thousand  horse 
power. 
In  this  city  we  understand  the 
street railway  company  is  about  to build 
a  magnificent newplant  which  will  oper­
ate  the  local  and  suburban  lines.

in  size. 

In  the  telephone world,  also,  we  find  a 
great  and  rapidly 
increasing  use  of 
electricity.  A  few  years  ago  only  the 
large  cities  had  telephone  exchanges 
but  since  the  expiration  of  many  of  the 
fundamental  telephone  patents  the  in­
dependent  telephone  companies  have 
sprung  into  existence  and,  with  the  re­
sulting  advertising  of  the  telephone  due 
to competition, the number of telephones 
in  use  has  doubled  and  trebled,  until 
every  country  village  and  many  a  farm 
house  has  connection  with  the  business 
center;  and  the  end  is  not  yet.

L.  P.  Cody.

M ICH IGAN   TRADESM AN

standing  and  credit,  than  the  business 
is  quicker to  demand 
man ;  and  none 
these  qualifications 
in  public  officials.
A  successful  business  man  is thorough 
in  investigating  his  own  affairs  and 
is 
apt  to  be  arbitrary  after  having  arrived 
at  a  conclusion. 
In  political  duties  he 
is  generally  found  to  be  superficial.  He 
does  not  apply  the  same  care  and 
thought  to  public  matters  as  to  his  own; 
so  he  often  condemns  because  of  insuffi­
cient  knowledge.  This 
is  particularly 
noticeable  in  municipal  matters.  The 
business  man  must  learn  that  politics  is 
it  requires  thought, 
time,  attention  to  detail;  that  political 
influence,  like  trade,  is  a  matter  of  slow 
growth— it  must  be  looked after,  tended, 
cared  for.  The  man  who  builds  up  a 
good  and  profitable  business  does  not 
do 
in  a  day  nor  a  year.  Time  is  a 
great  factor.  He  makes  friends,  ac­
quires  a  good  reputation,  and  often  his 
friends  and  reputation  are  worth  far

business, 

that 

it 

to  the  directors,  and  there 

is  his 
a  one-man,  arbitrary  affair,  as 
private  business,  but  more 
in  the  na­
ture  of  a  stock  company.  The  stock 
holders  are  vital.  He  may  be  only  a 
stockholder;  but  large  powers  are  dele­
gated 
always  a  president  of  the  board. 
If  no 
higher  purpose  will  appeal,  a  business 
man’s  financial  interest  should  lead  him 
to  aid 
in  solving  that  most  difficult 
problem, 
the  civic  administration  of 
cities.  Here  is  a  field  where  the  high 
est  administrative  ability  is  demanded, 
as  well  as  keenest  foresight  and  most 
sagacious 
judgment.  Many  business 
men  are  willing  to  accept  appointive 
offices  who  will  not  stand  for  an  elec­
tion  with  its  attendant  annoyances. 
It 
is  to  be  hoped  that  when  these  appoint­
ments  are  tendered  to  business men they 
will  be  accepted  as  a  public  duty  and 
the  same  careful  consideration  be  given 
them  that  would  be  accorded  their  pri­
vate  business,  remembering  that  we  do

A G E   O F   E L E C T R I C I T Y .

H o w   I t s   U ses  H a v e   M u l t ip lie d   o f   L a t e  

Y e a r s .

it 

so 

in  the 

in  stores 

The  use  of  electricity,  in  the  last  few 
years,  is  getting  to  be  almost  as  com­
mon  as  the  use  of  gas  or  water,  and 
especially 
larger  cities. 
Theaters,  hotels  and  public  buildings 
of  all  descriptions  are  now  using  the 
electric 
light  almost  exclusively,  as  it 
can  be  so  conveniently  turned  on  and 
off,  is  so  much  cleaner and  cooler,  and 
besides,  is  so  readiiy  adapted  to  all 
sorts  of  decoration.  For  window  deco­
ration 
is  about  the  only 
light  that  can  be  safely used.
It  was  comparatively  a 

few  years 
ago  that  buildings 
the 
electric  light  were  few  and  far  between, 
but  now  every  new  buidling  of  any  pre­
tensions  whatever  is  wired  throughout 
in  the  most  approved  manner,  whether 
it 
intention  to  use  the  electric 
ight  at  once  or  not.  In  many  buildings 
special  systems  of  wiring  are  provided 
for  operating  power  motors  or  for  elec­
tric  fans  for  ventilation  and  tor  opera­
ting  electric  elevators.  Many  of  the 
larger buildings  have  their  own  electric 
light  plants  and  use  the  exhaust  steam 
from  their  engines  to  heat  the  build- 
'ngs.  This  appears  to  be  a  very  eco­
nomical  arrangement.

lighted  with 

is  the 

is 

advertising, 

Spasmodic  politics  is 

more  to  him  than  mere  money. 
It  is 
the  same  in  politics.  Friends  and  rep­
utation  are  two  things  that  money  can 
not  buy 
in  politics  any  more  than  in 
business.  The  business  man  is  too  apt 
to  be  spasmodic  in  his  political  work. 
He 
like  the  Irish  engineer  in  the 
“ off  agin,  on  agin,  gone 
story  he  s 
like 
agin.”  
spasmodic 
practically 
valueless.  The  business  man  ought  to 
be 
in  politics  as  he  is  in  business—all 
the  time,  and  with  an  extra  effort  when 
it  is  necessary.  Failure  through  some 
misdirected  effort to  renovate  the  polit­
ical  atmosphere  of  the  community  is 
no  more  reason  for  quitting  politics, 
washing  one’s  hands  of  all pertaining  to 
the  “ dirty  pool” ,  as 
is  apt  to  be 
called,  than  failure  of  some  promising 
scheme  would  be  a  reason  for  quitting 
business.

it 

The  business  man  must 

learn,  too, 
that  political  business  is  not  ordinarilv

live  to  ourselves  alone.  A  well 
not 
is  an  inestimable 
ordered  community 
Enough  such  communities 
blessing. 
make  a  state. 
If  every  business  man 
in  the  State  will  do  his  full  political 
duty  our  State  will  achieve  even  greater 
renown  than  it  now  enjoys.

James  W.  Milliken,

Boston  has  an  annual  hand-organ  re 
cital.  On  a  day  previously  announced 
all  the  hand  organs '  in  the  city  are 
gathered  at  one  place,  and  each  organ 
grinder  in  turn  plays  for the  benefit  of 
the  censor. 
is  up  to  the 
Bostonese  standard,  a  license  is  granted 
to  the  organ  grinder;  if 
it  be  of  the 
wheezy,  squeaky  variety,  the  owner  is 
requested  to  seek  some  other  commun 
ity  where  that  kind  of  music  is  appre^ 
ciated.

If  the  music 

Marks  that  have  been  made  on  paint 
with  matches  can  be  removed  by  rub­
bing  with  a  slice  of  lemon,  then  with 
whiting,  and  washing  with  soap  and 
water.

M ICHIGAN   TRADESM AN

Our Manager Cigar

Best  Five  Cent  Brand  on  the  Market.

H.  B.  F A IR C H IL D ,  G eneral  M anager  Hazeltine  &  Perkins  Drug  C o .

Buy  a  Seller 

Sell  a  Winner 

Win  a  Buyer

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56

M K R C A N T I L K   O R G A N I Z A T I O N .

U p s   a n d   D o w n s   o f   L o c a l  a n d   S ta te   A s s o ­

c ia t io n s .

famHy 

Selfishness  is  a  thief  that  robs  society 
of  the  full  benefits  of  organization. 
It 
wars  against  the  association  units  of  the 
human 
for  mutual  advantages. 
It  seeks  its  own  at  the expense of others, 
rather than  byreaping  rewards  in  which 
all  may  share.  The  strong,  being  averse 
to  helping  the  weak,  prefer  to  adhere 
to  the  policy  of  the  survival  of tae fittest 
and 
let  the  divil  take  the  hindmost. 
Nature  is  organized  and  history  teaches 
that  the  greatest  forces  are  those  which 
are  or  have  been  fully  organized  which 
control  the  units  and  compels  their 
working  together  for  mutual  profit.  Na­
ture  insures  the  integrity  of  the unit and 
demonstrates  that  its  power  and  effec­
tiveness  are 
increased  through  organ­
ization. 
This  fundamental  principle 
has  always  been  attractive  to  the  retail 
grocer,  always  quick  to  recognize  the 
benefits  which 
should 
bring;  but  up  to  date  all  efforts  to  se­
cure  the  advantages  of organization have 
been  spasmodic  and  without 
influence 
on  the  general  trade,  while  to  a  greater 
or  less  degree  beneficial  in localities.

organization 

M ICH IGAN   TRAD ESM AN

in  opposition 

force 
to  the  granger 
movement  instituted  in  1866,  and  which 
in  1874  had  11,000  to  12,000 organiza­
tions  in  thirty-two  states  and territories, 
with  a  membership  of  1,000,000. 
In 
•873  a  grocers’  protective  society  was 
formed  at  Buffalo,  New  York. 
In  Sep­
tember  of  the  same  year  Ohio  retailers 
urged  the  formation  of protective unions 
in  order  to  fight 
the  grangers,  who 
were  opening  retail  stores. 
In  a  short 
time  the  movement  died  out and by  1880 
there  were  no  retail  grocers’  associa­
tions.  The  second  era  of  organization 
was  begun  January  1,  1881,  when  the 
New  England  Grocers’  Association  was 
formed. 
In  1882  the  New  York  Retail 
Grocers’  Union came  into  existence  and 
in  April,  1886.  A 
was 
organization  was 
New  York  State 
formed 
in 
1887.  There  is  now’  no  state  associa­
tion.  Michigan  organized  a  state  as­
sociation  Sept.  11,  1886,  which  was  in-

in  1886  and 

incorporated 

incorporated 

It  must  be  recognized  that  nowhere  in 
the  United  States  is  there  a  retail  gro­
cers’  association  that  exercises  author­
ity  over  its  units,  nor  is  there  one  hav­
ing  on  its  rolls  more  than  a  fraction  of 
the  retailers  within  its  territory  except 
it  be  some  small  town  or  village. 
In 
Greater  New  York  not  one  in  ten  of  the 
retailers  has  any  interest  in  an  associa­
tion. 
In  Philadelphia  there  is  a  strong 
and  active  organization  that  has  nearly 
700  members  out  of  the  nearly  5,000 
grocers  of  the  Quaker  City.  The  State 
Association  of  Pennsylvania  has  not 
one-half  the  strength  of  the  first  State 
Association  formed  fourteen  years  ago, 
but  which  died  a  few  years 
later.  The 
new  organization  is  two  years  old.  At 
convention  at  Williamsport 
its 
last 
seventeen 
represented, 
w’hereas  at  Wilkesbarre  years  before 
nearly  fifty  locals  were  enrolled  and  the 
whole  State  was  alive  to  association 
work.  At  present  there  are 
the

locals  were 

in 

their  pockets  and  pay  to  secure  the  ben­
efits  of  organization they  have a variable 
life  and  sooner  or  later  die. 
In  many 
instances  this  lack  of  money,  or  motive 
power,  forces  retailers’  associations  to 
devise  food  shows,  picnics,  balls,  ex­
cursions,  etc.,  as  a  means  for  keeping 
in  the  treasury.  A  few  publish 
money 
a 
journal  and  by  advertising  patronage 
secure  funds.  These  are  all  irregular 
methods  and  rob  organization  of  its dig­
nity.  The  thrifty,  up-to-date,  progres­
sive,  broad-minded  retailer 
is  willing 
to  put  his  hand  in  his  pocket  and  pa> 
liberally  for  the  support  i f  an  organiza­
tion  effective  enough  to  cure  trade  evils 
and  be  an  insurance  against  the  pirati­
cal  cutters,,  exactions  on  the  part  of 
transportation  companies,  an  aid 
to 
effective  legislation  and  a  general  help 
to  him  as  a  money-getter.  Until organ­
ization  demonstrates 
its  power  to  do 
this 
it  can  not  expect  to  find  general 
support  or  to  look  forward  to  a long life.
The history of associations teaches that 
their  existence  depends  largely upon the 
man  that  is  the  chief  executive  officer. 
He  ought  to  be  a  salaried  official, whose 
entire  time  should  be  devoted  to  push­
ing  the  work  of  the  Association.  Where 
the  work  of  an  organization  depends 
upon  the  time 
that  an  unpaid  busy 
dealer  can  steal 
from  his  business  or 
home  it  can  not  be  very  effective  nor  of 
a  nature  to  awaken  enthusiasm. 
It  is 
for  this  and  other  reasons  noted  that  re­
tail  grocers’  associations,  during 
the 
past  thirty  years,  have  had  a  fluctuating 
history  and  why  they  are  likely  to  have 
an  up  and  down  future.

Frank  N.  Barrett.

C o s t  o f   G o o d   R o a d s .

The  cost  of  good  roads  in  the  differ­
ent  states  varies  greatly,  as  would  be 
expected  from  the  wide  difference  in 
their  topography.  Says  a  wfiter  in  an 
automobile  journal:

The  three  hundred  miles  Massachu- 
sets  has  built  cost  $3,000,000,  or  an  av­
erage  of $10,000  per  mile.  New  Jersey 
has  built  four  hundred  and  forty  miles 
of  road,  much  of 
it  gravel  and  some 
but  ten  feet  wide.  This  improvement 
has  cost  $2,000,000,  or  an  average  of 
about  $4,545  Per  mile.  The  New  York 
State  Engineer  estimates  the  cost  of  a 
macadam  road,  sixteen  feet  wide,  in 
that  State,  at  $8,000  per  mile.  Much de­
pends  on  the  character  of  the  ground  on 
which  the  road  is  built  and  on  the  dis­
tance  the  materials  have  to  be  carried. 
At  Montclair,  N.  J.,  a  macadam  road, 
sixteen  feet  wide,  eight 
inches  thick, 
was  built  at  a  cost  of  $6,940 a  mile. 
In 
Middlesex  county,  N.  J.,  the  Cranberry 
road  was  built  at  a  cost  of  only  $3,841 
is  built  of  trap  rock  ma­
per  mile. 
feet  wide  and 
cadam, 
eight 
inches  thick. 
In  another  part  of  the 
same  county  the  cost  of  a  similar  road 
was  in  excess of  $5,000  per  mile.  Prices 
for  macadam,  independent  of  the  prep­
aration  of  the  road  to  receive  the  ma­
cadam,  in  that  State,  vary  from  40  to  80 
cents  per  square  yard  fof  road  eight 
inches  thick. 
In  the  preparation  of  the 
roadbed  there  is  as  wide  a  difference 
as  in  the  road  itself.  This  is  one  of  the 
important  parts  of  the  construction  of  a 
If  the  foundation  is  not  good  the 
road. 
surface  soon  becomes  broken. 
This 
.*:J>  together  with  proper  drainage, 
will  often  form  a  considerable  part  of 
the  expense  of  construction.  Reducing 
grades,  securing  additional  right  of 
way  and  bridges  are  special  expenses 
incurred 
in  connection  with  the  con­
struction  of  good  roads.

It 
twelve 

I n v id io u s   C o m p a r is o n .

The  revivalist  had  just  remarked  to 
the  audience  that  a  certain  place  was 

paved  with  good  intentions.”  

Humph!”   said  a  man  who  lived  in 
a  town  where  there  was  a  street-paving 
nng. 
isn’t  much  better  off  than 
It 
our  place.

lasted  six  or  eight  years. 

corporated  September  28,  1887.  Penn-, 
sylvania  effected  a  state  organization  in 
1886  and  was incorporated Jan.  18,  1887. 
In  1898  a 
It 
new  one  w’as  formed  in  Reading. 
It 
holds  semi-annual  conventions.  There 
are  now 
in  twenty- 
eight  states,  but  in  a  number  there  are 
only  one,  twro  or  three  organizations.. 

local  associations 

During  the  World’s  Fair 

in  Chicago 
in  1893  a  National  Association  was 
created  by  a  few  score  of  men,  repre­
senting  a  few  states. 
It  had  no  life 
worth  living  and  merely  kept  name  and 
form  until  an  effort  w’as  made  in  the 
w’inter  of  1900  to  resurrect  it  at  Cleve­
land,  Ohio,  w'ith  fair  promise  of  suc­
cess.  There  were  twenty  states  repre­
sented,  a  new  constitution  and  by  laws 
were  adopted  and  a  good  working  or­
ganization  was  effected,  which,  if  prop­
erly  managed,  can  be  made  a  large, 
useful  and  powerful  association. 
Its 
main  work  is  to  foster  the  formation  of 
local  and  state  organizations.

United  States  state  organizations 
in 
Massachusetts  (six  months  old),  New 
Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  Ohio,  Michigan, 
Minnesota, 
Iowa,  Texas,  Tennessee, 
Kansas,  West  Virginia,  Illinois,  New 
Indiana,  Missouri,  Nebraska 
Jersey, 
and  Massachusetts. 
In  many  of  these 
States  there  are  only  a  few  locals.  For 
instance,  in  Missouri  only  six,  in  New 
Jersey  seventeen,  in  Tennessee,  two.

to 

to  contribute 

One  reason  why  grocers’ organizations 
have  a  spasmodic  existence  is  because 
the  retail  grocers  do  not  value  organ­
its  true  value ;  nor  are  they 
ization  at 
willing 
its  support. 
Think  of  a  convention  spending  hours 
over  the  question  of  whether  a  per 
capita 
tax  should  be  fifteen,  twenty, 
twenty-five  or  fifty  cents!  And  yet  that 
has  been  a  common  occurrence.  Such  a 
charge  ought  to  be  five  dollars  as a min­
is  worth  any­
imum. 
thing  at  all  to  its  members  it 
is  worth 
that  or  more;  and  because  the  members 
are  not  willing  to  put  their  hands  in

If  organization 

The  trend  of  the  times  is  toward  or­
ganization,  or  we  might  say  concentra­
tion.  We  note  this  particularly  in  the 
including  the  great 
industrial  world, 
transportation 
interests.  The  secret  is 
that  the  world  is  getting  tired  of  paying 
ten  men  for  doing  two  men’s  work.  We 
do  not  propose  to  consider  whether  the 
economical  advantages  offset  the  effect 
on  the  man,  or  whether  society  would 
not  be  better  off  individually  if  it  were 
willing  to  pay  more  for  its railway  ride, 
its 
iron,  sugar,  beer  and  other  things, 
and  give  greater  opportunity  and  a 
higher  wage  to  the  individual.  The fact 
is  that  organization  is  the  watchword  of 
the  hour.  Emerson  says: 
“ Concen­
tration  is  the  secret  of  strength  in  poli­
tics,  in  war,  in  trade;  in  short,  in  all 
management  of  human  affairs.”

Is 

Why  are  retail  grocers’  associations 
it  not  because  there  is  not 
weak? 
power  enough 
in  any  organization  to 
compel  a  retailer  to  keep  its  rules  or 
regulations?  And  until  such  power  is 
acquired  the  movement  can  have  no 
element  of  permanency—they  can  never 
become  forceful  societies  able  to  put 
money 
in  the  pockets  of  the  units. 
They  can  and  probably  will  exert  power 
in  certain  directions,  modify  some  trade 
evils,  but  as  a  controlling  force  over  in­
dividuals  they  might  as  well  be  out  of 
existence.  We  must  recognize  the  force 
of  the  statement,  “ That 
is  the  most 
efficient  organization  which  makes most 
effective  use  of  the 
individual  force. 
The  crown  and  glory  of  all  true union  is 
for  the  unit  to  do  its  best.”

The  ups  and  downs  of  grocers’  organ­
izations  may  be  traced  by  the  results 
secured  to  the  unit  or  individual.  When 
organization puts  money  into  the  pocket 
of  the  unit,  or  the  unit  has  faith  that 
organization 
is  of  personal  profit,  the 
success  rests  with the  association.  When 
the  unit  fails  to  receive  a  monetary 
value  for  his 
interest  then  the  unit’s 
interest 
in  organization  wanes  and  the 
association  drops  out  of  sight.

So  far  as  grocers’  organizations  are 
concerned  the  United  States  is  in  the 
second  era  of organization.  In  1874 there 
were  associations 
in  New  York,  New 
Jersey, 
Pennsylvania, 
Ohio,  Michigan,  \Vest  Virginia,  Ken­
tucky,  Tennessee,  Georgia,  South  Caro­
lina,  Mississippi,  Illinois,  North  Caro­
lina,  Virginia  and  California.  These 
associations  came 
into  existence  as  a

Connecticut, 

M ICH IGAN   TRADESM AN

57

Riridge, Kalmbach, 

Logie & Co.,

Manufacturers  and Jobbers of

BOOTS AND SHOES

$   #

Office  and  Factory 

10-22  North  Ionia Street,

Grand  Rapids, 

Mich.

W e established  in  1874 the pioneer shoe  factory  in  Grand  Rapids  and  have  always  aimed 
to  be  leaders  in  everything pertaining  to  the  business.  Nearly  entire  block  devoted  to  the 
manufacture  and  sale  of boots, shoes  and  rubbers.

W e  call  special  attention  to  our own  line of manufactured  goods,  including the following: 
For men  and  boys’  wear:  Hard  Pan,  Hustlers,  Keystones and  Star  lines;  for  working 

shoes each  one is  a  star of  its  kind,  the  best  in  the  market.

River Shoes:  Here is  where we  lead  all  others.  They  have  a  national  reputation  and 

are  given  the  preference wherever known.

For  Fine  W ear:  W e  make Valour and  Ideal  Calf;  also  our  Cordovan  Shoes  for  men, 

boys,  women,  misses  and  children— once worn  always called  for.

We  make  above  lines  pegged,  standard  screw,  machine  sewed  and  Goodyear welt.
W e  make the  best  Leather Top  Rubbers on  the  market.  The  bottoms  are  Boston  Rub­
ber  Shoe  Co.’s  duck  rubbers  and  the  tops  are  made  from  first  quality  Western  oil  grain.  We 
handle  Combination  Felts  and  Rubbers.  W e  are  factory  agents  for  Boston  and  Bay  State 
Rubbers. 

Inspection  solicited.  Correspondence  invited.

M ICH IG A N   TRAD ESM AN

lumber 

if  wages  and 

fairly  profitable 

labor  in  the  last  two  years,  it  would  be 
impossible  for  us  to  market  hemlock  at 
the  price  we  did  ten  or  twelve  years 
ago,  but  owing  to  the  advance  in  the 
timber 
product,  even 
it  makes 
stumpage  have  advanced, 
hemlock 
to 
manufacture  and  handle  at  the  present.
White  cedar  shingles  are  also  grow­
ing 
in  favor.  During  the  last  four  or 
five  years  w’e  have  been  making  several 
million  of  them,  together  with  cedar 
ties  and  telegraph  polas,  which  are 
quite  profitable.  Ten  years  ago  we  put 
no  value  on  cedar  stumpage  in  estima­
lands  for  purchase,  while 
ting,  timber 
at  present 
in  value  with 
other  timber.

it  compares 

The  hardwood  holdings  in  this  coun­
try  are  going  to  be  very  profitable  and 
are  going  to  circulate  as  much  money 
as  pine  ever  did,  for  the  pine  was  all 
controlled  by  a 
few  and  there  was  not 
the  general  circulation  of  money  from

58

H A R D W O O D   L U M B E R . 

H a n d le d   b y   M o r e   P e o p l e   T h a n   t h e   P in e  

P r o d u c t .

The  advance 

in  the  hardwood  inter­
est  during  the  past  twenty-five  years 
has  been  as  phenomenal  as  that  of  the 
pine  industry  which  preceded  it.  There 
was  a  time  when  men  with  capital 
thought  only  of  securing  pine 
lands. 
Now’  that  the  pine  is  practically  gone 
they  have  turned  their  attention 
to 
hardwood,  and 
ste  dy  progress 
which  it  has  made  attests  its  value.

the 

It  wras  in  the  year  1882  wrhen,  as man­
ager  for  a 
lumbering  concern,  I  first 
acquainted  myself  with  the  manufacture 
of  Michigan  hardw’oods.  At  that  time 
maple,  gray  elm  and  basswood  wrere  the 
three  leading  kinds  on  the market,  bass­
wood  being  foremost;  but  as,  in  maple 
and  elm  only  high  grades  were  salable, 
the  balance  of  the  stock  being  left  to 
dispose  of  as  best  one  could,  the  profits 
were  small.  As  nobody  used  maple  ex­
cept  school  desk  people  and  some  for 
bench-work  lumber,  the  customers  were 
is 
few,  and  the  quality  they  demanded 
shown  by  the  stipulation 
in  the  con­
tracts 
for  white  rock  sugar  maple. 
There  was  only  one  flooring  plant  then 
that  was  making  maple 
flooring— T. 
Wilce  &  Co.,  of Chicago  and they were 
then  combining  pine  with  their  maple. 
Such  were  some  of  the  difficulties,  to­
inspections,  w’hich 
gether  with  rigid 
beset  the  hardwood  industry  here  at 
its 
beginning.

In  1884  I  began  manufacturing  at 
Boyne  City  on  my  owrn  account  and  in 
1885,  with  great  care  in  the  selection  of 
logs  and  the  manner  of  sawing  them, 
managed  to  dispose  of  500,000  feet  by 
coming  out  a 
little  behind,  but  not, 
however,  discouraged  w ith  the prospect. 
A  little  later,  orders  which  I  considered 
very  good  at  that  time  came  in  from 
chair  factories.  The  first  order  received 
from  a  chair  company  for  gray  elm, 
good  stock,  netted  me  only  §9  f.  o.  b. 
rail  or  vessel  Boyne  City,  while  maple 
brought  but  $io.  But  the  last  ten  years 
lumber 
has  made  a  great  change  in  the 
business.  Gray  elm  has  pushed 
into 
prominence,  now'  being  used  extensive­
ly  for 
interior  finish,  piano  backs  and 
antique  furniture.  These  and  various 
other  uses  have  so  enlarged  the  demand 
for  this  product  that  the  price  has 
in­
creased 
from  so  to  S-o,  the  present 
value.

last  two  years 
ago.  Of  course,  in  the 
in 
hardwood  holdings  have  doubled 
increased  so 
value,  but  wages  have 
much  in  proportion  that  we  can  not  put 
the  lumber  on  the  market  as  cheaply  as 
we  could  previous  to  this  time;  how­
ever,  this  makes  a  general  adjustment 
in  financial  matters  and  circulate  more 
money  than 
it  would  if  the  increased 
value  of  the  timber  went into the profits.

Wm.  H.  White.

A s s is t in g   N a t u r e .

“ What  are  all  these  people  along  the 
in  boats  doing?”   asked  the 
in  the  pale  blue  taffeta  shirt 

shore  and 
maiden 
waist.

“ They 

seem 

to  be  dragging 

the 
interested  mascu­

river,”   replied  the 
line  observer.

“ Good  land!  Does  the  river  run  so 

slowly  that  it  has  to  be  pulled  along?”

There  are  as  many  opportunities  in 
the  world  as  there  ever  were  if  wre  only 
had  the  eyes  to  see  them.

L a id   I t   to   t h e   E le p h a n t s .

“ Look  here!  Yesterday when  I bought 
this  cane  from  you,  you  guaranteed  that 
the  head  was  genuine  ivory;  now  I  find 
that  it  is  imitation.”

“ Is  that  possible?  Well,  I  get  all  my 
goods  direct 
from  Ceylon,  but,  of 
course,  it  is  quite  possible  that  the  ele­
phants  there  have  taken  to  using  false 
teeth.’ ’

Customer— How 

I n d u c e m e n t   t o   H u r r y .
long  will 

put  a  small  patch  on  this  shoe?

it  take  to 

Cohhler—Ahout  ten  minutes,  I  guess.
Customer— Then  I’ll  smoke  a  cigar 

while  I'm  waiting.

Cobbler  (after  the  first  whiff  of  the 
it  done  in  about  two 

cigar)—I’ ll  have 
minutes,  sir.

There  is  unusual  activity  among 

in­
ventors  at  present  in  the  effort  to  pro­
duce  machines  for  mathematical  pur­
poses,  and  perhaps  the  largest  number 
of  applications  received  at  the  patent 
office  for  any  one  line  of  invention these 
days  are  for  patents  for 
improvements 
on  adding  machines.

S o m e   D is a d v a n t a g e s   o f   P a y i n g   C a s h .
The  advantage  and  advisability  of 
always  paying  cash  for  his  purchases 
has  been  so  well  drilled  into  the  young 
man  with  the  future  before  him  that 
if 
he  were  to  be  questioned  as  to  what,  in 
his  opinion,  is  the  golden  ruie  he  must 
observe  in  business,  he  would,  in  nine 
cases  of  ten  reply,  “  Never take credit. ”  
Successful  business  men,  as  a  general 
rule,  deem  the  adoption  of  this  advice 
to  be  of  paramount  importance,  and, 
although  they  recognize  the  fact  that  if 
the  young  business  man  is  progressive, 
he 
is  bound  to  seek  credit  to  a  certain 
extent  in  order  to  increase  the  scope  of 
his  operations:  still  they  impress  upon 
him  the  fact  that,  unless  at  the  start  he 
adheres  to  a  system  of  strict  cash  pay­
ment,  and  thereby  earns  the  respect  and 
confidence  of  people  he  deals  with,  he 
will  never reach  that stage  where  he  will 
be  able  to  borrow.  This  seems  to  he 
the  generally  accepted  theory,  and  its 
propagation  has  certainly  done  much  to 
establish  good  business  habits  in  young 
men.

Now,  however,  a  well-know’n  busi­
ness  man  of  such  standing  as  to  enable 
him  to  speak 
authoritatively,  comes 
forward  with  the  statement  that,  in  his 
opinion,  a  young  man 
is  ruining  his 
own  prospects  by  paying  cash  where  he 
can  get  credit.  He  deems  the  golden 
rule  of  business  for  the  young  man  to 
be  “ Never  pay  cash  where  it  is  pos­
sible  to  obtain  credit.”  
In  order,  howr- 
ever,  that  his  advice  may  not  be  sus­
pected  of  savoring  of  dishonesty,  he 
adds  that  important  supplementary  in­
junction,  “ Always  see  that  you  are  in 
a  position  to  meet  your  bills.”

“ In  my  opinion,”   says  this  writer, 
“ it 
is  folly  on  a  young  man’s  part  to 
have  such  a  dread  of  falling  into  debt. 
Every  business  man  with  any  enter­
prise  about  him  is  bound  to  need  addi­
tional  capital  in  his  business  sooner or 
later,  and the man  who  has  been  borrow­
ing  little  amounts  all  the  time  and  pay­
ing  them  back  promptly  and  without 
any  trouble  stands  a  much  better  chance 
of  getting  financial  help  when  he  needs 
it  than  is  the  man  who  scrupulously  re­
fuses  to  take  a  cent's  worth  of  credit 
until  he  actually  needs  it.

industry  among  his 

“ The  reason  for  this  is  easily  appar­
ent. 
It  is  one  of  the  traits  of  human 
nature  to  go  on  trusting  until  suspicion 
is  awakened. 
The  young  man  who 
keeps  on  borrowing  and  horrow’ing  and 
always  takes  care  to  maintain  a  reserve 
fund  sufficient  to  meet  all  his  bills  and 
obligations  on  time,  will  never  aw'aken 
that  suspicion,  bui  will,  on the  contrary, 
obtain  a  splendid  reputation  for  thrift 
and 
little  world. 
The  young  man  who  pays  cash  will,  on 
the  contrary,  be  trusted "only  as  long  as 
he  continues  to  pay  cash,  but  as  soon 
as  he  seeks  credit  he  will  awaken suspi­
cion  on  account  of  his  change  of  policy 
and  will  probably  meet  with  a  cold  re­
fusal,  although  he  may  be  of  greater 
integrity  than  his  credit-seeking  broth­
er.  People  will  say 
to  each  other, 
‘ Young  M——   must  be  doing  well,  he 
pays  his  bills  with  the  regu arity  of 
clock-work,  and  never  asks  for  an  ex­
tension.  He  seems 
likely  to  succeed. 
Let’s  deal  with  him .’  Thus  this  young 
man’s  creditors  become  his  best  adver­
tisers,  and when  they  have  tried  him  for 
some  time  and  find  he  never  fails  them 
they  will  be  only  too  willing  to  accom­
modate  him  any  time  he  needs  a  finan­
cial  loan.

“ Now  let  us  see  how  the  cash-paying 
young  man  is  going  to  fare. 
I  can  not 
do  better than  to  narrate  to  you  the  case 
of  a  young  country  merchant  I  know. 
He  has  always  paid  cash  for  everything 
he  bought  (and  did  a  correspondingly 
small  business).  He  determined  finally 
to  enlarge  his  trade,  and  to  do  this  re­
quired  the  credit  he  had  never  before 
aksed  for.  Whefl  he  came  to  town  and 
asked  the  men  to  whom  he  had  always 
paid  cash to  let  him  have goods  on  time 
they  one  and  all  became  suspicious  of 
him  and  refused.  The  very  fact  that 
he  had  always  paid  cash  made  them 
think,  when  he  finally  asked  for  credit, 
that  he  wasn’t  a  safe  man  to  trust. 
Moral:  Never  pay  cash  for anything  if 
you  would  avoid  suspicion.”

log  makes 

Maple  has  also  increased  in  favor,  al­
though  not 
in  proportion  to  gray  elm. 
The  variety  of  the  grades  of lumber that 
can  be  cut  from  one 
it 
adaptable  for  both  cheap  and  expensive 
articles,  so  it  is  used  now  by  nearly  all 
furniture  and  chair  factories,  piano men 
and  manufacturers  of  school 
furniture ; 
aiso  in  bowling  alleys  and  for  flooring. 
Anything  requiring  a  hard  finish  can 
be  made  out  of  maple.

Look  at  hemlock.  When  I  started  in 
here,  wre  could  hardly  get  the  expense 
of  logging  and  manufacturing  out  of  it. 
The  only  profit  we  realized  was from  he 
bark,  and  that  was  netting  us  about  as 
much  ten  or  fifteen  years  ago  as  it  is 
to-day.  True,  we  are  getting  a  little 
more  money  for  it  per cord  at  this time, 
but  stumpage  and  wages  are  enough 
higher to  more  than  offset  that,  and  you 
could  get  a  much  better  day’s  work 
from  the  labor  at  that  time  than you  can 
now.  Not  more  than  ten  years  ago  we 
sold  hemlock  street  plank  f.  o.  b.  rail 
or  vessel  here  for S4.75  and  up  to  §5.25, 
while  to-day  we  are  getting  S9  p  r  1,000 
feet  for  short  merchantable  hemlock  and 
$10  for  18  by  20’s.  Of  course,  w’ith  the 
in  stumpage  and  advance  in
incerase 

pine 
lumber  that  there  will  be  from 
hardwood.  True,  harwdood  is  drifting 
a  good  deal  that  way,  but  not  so  much 
so  as  pine,  because  where  hardwood 
timber  grows  there 
is  good  land,  very 
suitable  for  farming.  Any  amount  of 
land  has  been  purchased  by  farmers 
intending  to  make  a  home  where  they 
have  only  cut  the  timber  off  what  land 
they wanted  to  clear,  thus  leaving  stand­
ing  timber  which  is  coming  on  the mar­
ket  every  year  and  furnishing  the  farm­
er  something  for 
improvement  on  his 
farm  after  paying  the  expense  of  lum­
bering.

It  will  give  a  little  idea  as  to  the  in­
creased  use  for  hardwood  products  in 
this  locality  when  I  tell  you  it was much 
harder  work  to  dispose  of  500,000  feet 
in  1885  than  it  is  to  dispose  of  40,000,- 
000  feet  at  the  present;  and  consider 
w’ith  this  the  increased numbers of hard­
wood  manufacturers  to-day  as  compared 
with  the  number  ten  or  fifteen  years

M ICH IGAN   TRADESM AN

59

The  Leading  Music  House  in  Western  Michigan.

JCipiball

Piapos  apd  O fgaps

Julius H. %  Friedrich

30 and 32 Canal Street,

Grand Rapids,  IHicb.

H. B. Chase,
Bazelton,
Fischer,
Franklin,
Cudwig,
Kingsbury
and  other

Pianos

Are  first-class  in  every  way.  All  instruments  fully  war­
ranted  as  represented  or  money  back.  We  give  you 
more  piano  for  your  money  than  any  other  house. 
Write  us  and  we  will  gladly  quote  price.

Established in  1857.

W.  W.  KIMBALL  CO.

47  Monroe  Street,

GRAND  RAPIDS, 

- 

MICHIGAN.

N.  E.  STRONG,  Manager.

»Pianola«

The  best  self-playing  piano  attachment  in  the  market.

H. B. Chase and Jinn Jlrbor Organs

&

A  full  assortment  of  Sheet  Music  and  Musical  Merchandise. 

Everything  in  the  music  line  at  lowest  prices.

*  Catalogues  sent  free  on  application.

ft ppi^OBQP fty g ft^ ftJflflAjlAiLJUULiLlliLlULtJUJltJLlULlUl&JLgJULaAiLlliLlLllA

>er Boxes

Lam bert's 5&lted  P eaputs

Process

For  the  Holiday  trade.  W e  make  an  elegant  assort-  g 
ment.  Our  prices  are  always  right.  Send  for  cata-  jo 
logue  and  price  list. 
Special  discount  for  quantity.  £ 
Note— The  above  cut  of our  No.  80  Boston  shows  j® 
the  latest  thing  out.  You  should  have  some  of  them  g 
£
for your  fine  trade. 
Paper  Box  Co.  £
Kalamazoo,  Michigan  £
3 
rinmnry innnro Tnnnnry y Ytnnnnry a asvft^^nnnrirgiroinrg's atnnnrft

Kalamazoo 

Makes the nut  delicious,  healthful,  and  palatable.  Easy  to  digest. 
Made from  choice, hand-picked  Spanish  peanuts  They do not get  ran­
cid.  Keep fresh.  We guarantee them  to keep  in a salable condition 

Peanuts are put  up  in attractive ten-pound boxes,  a measuring  glass 
in  each box.  A fine package to sell  from.  Large profits for the retailer.

/\at>uf*ctur««l  by

TH E  LA M B E R T   NUT  POOD  CO., 

Battle  CrecH,  A\icb.

60

T H E   R A I L R O A D   B U S I N E S S .

M a r v e l o u s   C h a n g e s   o f   t h e   P a s t   S e v e n t y  

Y e a r s .
improvement  are 

Progress  and 

the 
natural  results  of  the  educational  ad­
vantages  so  generously  and  generally 
afforded  to  our  growing  generations, 
and  the  practical  application  of  these 
ideas  during  the  Nineteenth  Century 
just  closed,  improving  in  quality  with 
each  passing  decade,  is  spread  before 
us  and 
is  unwittingly  enjoyed  by  us 
daily  without  the  proper  conception 
necessary  to  an  intelligent  appreciation 
of  them.  We  are  too  prone  to  consider 
as  necessities  the  majority  of  those  aids 
to  comfort  which  only  a  short  time  back 
we  were  too  glad  to  welcome  as  lux­
uries.

In  no  direction  has  this  been  shown 
to  such  a  marked  degree  as  in  the  rail­
road  properties  of  this  country,  and  so 
gradually  and  evenly  have  the  different 
grades  made  their  appearance  that  they 
have  been  accepted  as  matters  of  course 
and  treated  accordingly.

The  ever-present  restless  feeling  so 
common  to  the  average  American,  when 
yoked  with  ambition  and  honesty  of 
purpose,  has  been  the  underlying  me­
dium  which  has  transformed  the  former 
clumsy,  tedious  and  nerve-testing  meth­
ods  of 
into  graceful, 
grateful  and  restful  mediums  of  travel, 
so  that  the  whole  world  is  now  as  ac­
cessible  to  the  traveler  as  the  nearby 
city  was  to  the  farmer  fifty  years  ago.

transportation 

This  broadened  scope  of  possibility 
daily  creates  new 
ideas,  which,  prac­
tically  applied,  produce  still  newer  and 
greater  labor  saving— and,  it 
is  to  be 
hoped,  health  producing— devices,all  of 
which,  if  used  judiciously  and  temper­
ately,  will  bring  increased  and  perma­
nent  benefit  to  the  present  and  especial­
ly  to  the  future  generations,  as  it  is  in­
tended  they  should,  but  which,  on  the 
other  hand,  are  susceptible  to  misuse, 
resulting  in  slothfulness  and  decay.

impress  upon  us,  as 

The  rapid  progress  we  have  made, 
almost  universally  without 
serious 
drawback,  has  made  us  prone  to  take 
too  much  for  granted  and  has not tended 
to  forcibly 
it 
should,  the  fact  that  all  our  present 
modes  of  quick  and  luxurious  transit 
have  been  devised,  worked  out,  modi­
fied,  improved  upon  and  perfected,  and, 
best  of  all,  have  been  adapted  to the  use 
of  the  rich  and  the  poor  alike,  within 
the  short  period  of  seventy  years— only 
an ordinary 
lifetime.  Such  progress  is 
truly  commendable,but  alike  regrettable 
—commendable 
in  that  we  are  able  to 
present  at  the  great  Congress  of  Na­
tions  a  magnificent  country  filled  even 
now  almost  to  overflowing  with  evi­
dences  of  enlightened  skill,  which  not 
only  permits  us  to  assume  a  position  in 
the  front  ranks  of  the  great  world’s 
powers,  but  enables  us  to  hold  that  po­
sition  by  virtue  of  our  superior  work­
manship,  coupled  with  especial  adapt­
ability  to  use  it  to  the  best  advantage ; 
and  regrettable  because  of  the  ever  con­
stant  mental  and  physical  strain  neces­
sary  to  satisfy  ambition’s  demands, 
thereby  not  only  depriving  us  of  the 
opportunity  of  rational  enjoyment  of 
our  own  labors, but  transmitting  to  com­
ing  generations  that  nervous,  eager  ten­
sion  and  application  so  suspectible  to 
brilliant  achievement,  and  at  the  same 
time  productive  of  weak  physical  de­
velopment. 
conservative,  medium 
is  all  that  is  necessary  now  to 
course 
keep  this  country  of  ours  in  the  van 
in 
its  rapid  development  in  the  sciences, 
the  mechanics  and  the  arts,  as  well  as 
in  that  perfect  physical  development

A 

M ICH IG A N   TRAD ESM AN

in 

which 
is  so  absolutely  essential  to  the 
permanent  establishment  of  the  Anglo- 
Saxon  race 
and 
strength  in  this  New  World  of  ours,  and 
such  a  course  is  urgently  recommended 
as  the  only  true  one  to  follow  for  happi­
ness  and  complete  success.

full  beauty 

its 

I  feel  willing  to  try,  but  fear  I  will be 
unable  to  comply  with  your  request  to 
place  before  your  readers  any  new 
thoughts  on  the  subject  of  improvement 
or  progress  in  the  building,  equipping 
or  maintaining  of  railroads,  for  how  can 
I  approach  in  vividness  of  description 
the  object  lessons  which  present  them­
selves  hourly  to  every  one  who  in  the 
course  of  his  daily  avocation,  more  es- j 
pecially while traveling,takes the trouble 
to  observe  what  he  sees?  All  of  us, 
with  eyes,  see,  but  comparatively  few 
observe  and  reflect  upon  what  they  see. 
How  few  of  us  appreciate  or  have  even 
thought  of  the  marvelous  growth  that 
started  at  nothing  and  in  less  than  the 
span  of  a  man’s  life  has  assumed  the 
wonderful  proportions  that  the  railroads 
and  their  accessories  of  the  present  day 
have!  One  can  hardly  conceive  that 
only  seventy  years  ago  the  first  railroad 
of  the  United  States  was  built  and  the  '

railroad  locomotive  was  an  experiment. 
It,  no  doubt,  will  sound  ridiculous  to 
the  reader of  the  present  day,  but  it  is 
nevertheless  a  fact  that  an  effort  was 
then  made  to  run  this  locomotive  fast 
enough  to  beat  a  stage  coach  drawn  by 
two  horses,  but  such  is  a  fact,  and  when 
this  feat  was  accomplished,  it  was  felt 
that  great  progress  had  been  made;  and 
it  had,  for 
it  was  a  decisive  step  for­
ward.

When  God  created  man  He  wisely 
provided  that  he  must  go  either  for­
ward  or  backward,  never  standing  still. 
Each  night  when  we  retire,  we  have 
either  added  something  to  the  knowl­
edge  of  the  day  before  or  we  have  lost 
something  which  has  been  picked  up 
and  utilized  by  others.  Nothing  is  per­
mitted  to  go  to  waste.  Bear  this  in 
mind  and  remember  that  slothfulness 
and  indifference,  coupled  with  egotism, 
are  the  channels  through  which  we 
lose 
that  which,  properly  applied,  would 
make  us  rich  indeed.

In  no  branch  of  labor  is  the  oppor­
tunity  to  daily  add  some  new  thought 
or  apply  some  new  idea  so  forcibly  pre­
sented  as 
in  mechanics,  exemplified 
through  railroad  work.  Let  us  look  back

for a  moment  to  see  what  we  had  in  the 
way  of  railways  and  railway  carriages 
at  the  beginning  of  the  Nineteenth Cen­
tury,  which  has 
just  come  to  a  close, 
that  we  may  comprehend  the  immense 
strides  we  have  made  in  progress  and 
improvement.

In  1738,  the  first  iron  rail  was  laid  in 
It  was  not,  however,  until 
England. 
1801  that  the  building  of  railways  in 
England  was  formally  sanctioned  by 
the  British  Parliament.

five 

feet 

four  or 

In  1826,  less  than  100  years  later,  the 
first  railroad  was  built 
in  the  United 
States.  The  first  rails  were  cast  iron, 
flat,  and  about 
in 
length,  and 
it  was  not  until  1820  that 
machinery  for  rolling  rails  into  shape 
similar  to  the  form  in  use  to-day  was 
invented  by  means  of  which  wrought 
iron  was  used  and  the  rails  lengthened 
from  time  to  time  until  they  finally 
reached  the  length  of  thirty  feet,  which 
is  now  in  common  use. 
In  1827  there 
were  only  thirteen  miles  of  railroad  in 
the  United  States,  employing  about fifty 
men.  Now  there  are  iqo. ooo  miles,  em­
ploying  880,000  men,  or  about  one-four­
teenth  of  the  entire  working  force  of 
this  country,  and  this  has  all  been  ac-

Cbe
following
Isa
reproduction
of
Corl,
Knotty
Co’$
Tall  announce* 
ment sent 
from Paris 
to the 
Wholesale 
and Jobbing 
Crade.

C O R L, KNO TT  &  CO.

20-22  N.  Division  St.

G R A N D   R A P I D S ,   M I C H .

21  Rue  de  l'Echiquier

P A R I S .

aU X 

j2 J,  -/poo.

We  take  pleasure  in  advising  you  that  our cMr.  Corl 
is noli> in Faris,  selecting our stock  of millinery  for  the  Fall 
trade  with the assistance of cMr.  cPutinier,  our resident buyer.
'The Exposition gives us an exceptional chance this year 

for bringing out  novelties.

Some of the large hats which are being worn now  are 
well  adapted  to  Velvet  trimmings  in  delicate  shades  and  to 
large  birds,  while  some  other  ones almost cohered Ttoitb long 
feathers,  Mich go all around,  make a very stylish  effect.

cAll other  ornaments,  large  steel  buckles  and  Ostrich 

feathers are also very much  seen.

We  can assure you that,  as in the past,  we w ill show 
a full assortment o f the newest creations of this year's fashion.
We w ill ship weekly pattern  hats  and  assortments  of 
latest  novelties,  as  soon  as  they  are  introduced  by the lead­
ing  modists.

Our trade Ttoill certainly find itself benefited by  the  ad­
vantages Jphich it w ill derive from our having  a  capable  per­
manent buyer always in  this market.

It enables us to buy closely when dealing direct with the 
manufacturers,  thereby  saving all intermediate profits,  and we 
feel sure that we w ill merit a continuance of your  patronage.
Tfequesting  the  favor  of a  call from you,  we remain.

Respectfully yours,

Corl,  K nott  &   Co•

M I C H I G A N   T R A D E S M A N

6 1

complished 
enty  years.

in  the  short  period  of  sev­

in 

first 

The 

railroad  constructed 

in 
18215  and 
America  was  projected 
built 
in  1826  to  carry  granite  from  the 
quarries  of  Quincy,  Massachusetts,  to 
the  nearest  water  shipping  point. 
It 
was  four  miles  in  length  and  its  motive 
power  was  furnished  by  horses.  The 
road  bed  consisted  of  stone  slabs,  laid 
crossways  about  eight  feet  apart,  and 
across  these  at  right  angles  were  placed 
wooden  stringers  or  rails  five  feet  apart, 
on  top  of  which  stringers  were  fastened 
iron  plates  spiked  down  to  prevent  the 
wheels  of  the  cars  cutting 
into  the 
wood.  This  method  of  construction  was 
generally  adopted  by  the  early  Ameri­
can  roads,  but  it  was  not  used  long,  as 
it  was  found  to  be dangerous.  The  iron 
straps  would  work  loose  at  the 
joints, 
causing  what 
“ snake 
heads,”   which  would  be  caught  up  by 
the  wheels  and 
forced  up  through  the 
bottom  of  the  cars.

is  known  as 

The  second  road  of  similar  construc­
tion  was  built  in  the  coal  fields of Penn­
in  1827  to  carry  coal  to  tide 
sylvania 
It  was  ten  miles  long  and  oper­
water. 
ated  by  gravity  and  mules. 
In  1827, 
the  Delaware  &  Hudson Canal Company 
sent  Horatio  Allen  to  Europe  to  buy 
locomotives  and  some  iron  rails 
three 
of  the  new  pattern.  One  of  these 
loco­
into  use  in  the 
motives,  the  first  put 
United  States,  arrived  in  New  York 
in 
the  spring  of  1829. 
It  had  a  tubular 
boiler  with  exhaust  steam  blast  and  was 
mounted  on  four  wheels.  The  sight  of 
this  machine  no  doubt  prompted  Peter 
Cooper to  build  his  first  locomotive,  be­
lieving,  as  he  did,  that  an  American 
could  do  whatever  an  Englishman  could 
and  do  it  better.  He  fully  demonstrated 
the  correctness  of  his  belief,and  the  un­
tiring  energy,  ambition  and  zeal  of  his 
successors  have  kept  this  country  in  the 
front  rank  of  producers  of motive power, 
so  that  to-day  locomotives  are  built 
in 
this  country  and  shipped  over  the entire 
world. 
In  the  improvement  in  motive 
power  alone  we  have  demonstrated  that 
we  never  stand  still  and  have  shown 
conclusively  that  we  have  picked  up, 
utilized  and 
improved  upon  the  ideas 
dropped  by  our  English  cousins.

push, 

ambitious 

Nothing  is  more  typically  demonstra­
tive  of  the  superior  skill,  energetic  zeal 
and 
representing 
progress,  than  the  wonderful  improve­
ment  made  in  the  construction  of 
loco­
motives  since  Uncle  Peter  Cooper,  sev­
enty  years  ago,  produced  his  one  ton 
engine,  called  the  “ Tom  Thumb,”   and 
made  the  then  remarkable  speed  of  six­
teen  miles  an  hour,  hauling  one  car 
filled  with  the  directors  of  the Baltimore 
&  Ohio  Railroad  from  Baltimore  to 
Ellicott’s  Mills,  a  distance  of  fifteen 
miles,  over  a  roadbed  of  longitudinal 
stringers  faced  with  iron  plates  laid  on 
stone  or  wooden  crosspieces  or  ties. 
Now  we  daily  ride  behind 
engines 
weighing  from  sixty 
to  eighty  tons, 
drawing  trains  of  from  ten  to  fifteen 
cars  weighing  twenty  tons  each.

The 

carriage 

improvement 

in  the  coach  or 
is  as  marked  and 
railway 
striking  as 
in  the  locomotive  and  fur­
nish  s  evidence  of  novelty  of  design 
labor-saving  and 
and  adaptability  of 
comfort-supplying  devices, 
the  result 
of  experiment,  supplemented  by experi­
ence,  to  as  great  a  degree,  but 
in  a 
different  way,as  in  the  locomotive.  The 
English  railway  coach  was  fashioned 
after  the  old  English  stage  coach,  be­
ing  about  twenty-four  feet  in  length and 
carried  on  four  wheels,  fastened  rigid­
ly  together,  and  this  general  shape  and

is  still  maintained  except  where 
style 
American 
ideas  have  prevailed  and 
American  coaches  have  been  used.  The 
short  curves  of  the  American  railway 
made 
it  necessary  to  use  a  different 
kind  of  truck  or  running  gear,  one  that 
would  easily  curve,  hence  two  English 
coaches  were  spliced together and placed 
on  bogie  trucks,  one  at  each  end  and 
each  on  four wheels.  This  combination 
car,  or  two  cars  in  one,  so  to  speak,  was 
not  used  long  before  it  was  superseded 
and  improved  upon  by  the  building  of 
one  car,  varying 
in  length  from  forty- 
five  to  sixty  feet  and  carried  on  two 
trucks,  one  at each  end,  originally with 
four  wheels  on  each  truck,  but 
latterly 
frequently  with  six.  This  is  essentially 
the  car  of  the  present  day.

small 

The  first  passenger  car  used  on  a  rail­
road  of  which  we  have  any  knowledge 
resembled  a 
one-story  board 
shanty  with  a  flat  roof,  set  up  on  four 
wheels,  the  wheels  revolving  on  the 
axles. 
It  had  several  windows  on  each 
side  and  a  door  at  the  end,  with  a  step 
similar to  what  is  now  used  on  any  or­
dinary  bus  or  depot  wagon. 
It  was 
drawn  by  a  horse,  the  driver  sitting  up 
on  an  outside  seat  in  front near the  roof. 
It  had  twp  stationary  wooden  benches 
on  the  inside,  with  seating  capacity  for 
eight  people.  By  comparing  that  car 
with  the  car  of  the  present  day,  and 
bearing  in  mind  that  less  than  100  years 
have  passed,  a  moderately  clear  concep­
tion canbe obtained of  the improvements 
that  have  taken  place.  This  car  was 
the  beginning  of  what  is  now  the  Eng­
lish  railway  coach,  which,  while  show­
ing  evidences  of  many  valuable  im­
provements,  still  retains  many  crude 
ideas  of  the  original.  The  American 
railway  carriage  or  coach never followed 
the  English  idea,  but,  profiting  by  the 
experience  and  mistakes  of  our  English 
cousins,  the  American  car  was  built 
upon  a  more  capacious  and  democratic 
plan,  providing  conveniences  necessary 
to  comfort  on  long  journeys  which  are 
not  to  be  found  in  the  cars  of  the  Old 
World.

The  American car or coach was origin­
ally  constructed  with  plain  wooden seats 
and  lighted with  tallow  candles. 
It  was 
not 
long,  however,  before  marked  im­
provements  were  made  in  every  part  of 
these  coaches.  Wooden  seats  were  re­
placed  with  upholstered  seats;  separate 
toilet  rooms  were  furnished  for  men  and 
women;  candles  gave  way  to  oil,  which 
was  so  prepared  that  it  was  non-explo­
sive  and would  not  burn  except at  a heat 
which  was 
in  excess  of  that  which 
might  ordinarily  be  expected,  oil,  in 
turn,  gave  way  to  gas  and,  finally,  to 
electricity  until  now  a  passenger  coach 
upon  a  modern  well-equipped  road  ob­
tains  greater  ease  and  comfort  thgn  are 
to  be  found  in  the  homes  of  the  major­
ity  of  the  people  who  use  them.

At  first  and  for  many  years,  passen­
ger  cars  were  fastened  together 
in  a 
train  by  a  link  and  pin,  and  the  only 
method  in  use  for  stopping  a  train  was 
by  means  of  a  hand  brake,  which  was  a 
wheel  on  the  top  of  a  brake  rod  or  staff, 
of  which  there  were  two,  one  at  each 
end  of  every  car.  At  a  given  signal 
from  the  engineer,  the  brakeman  would 
rush  to  these  wheels  and  by  main  force 
and 
frequently  awkwardness  stop  the 
train,  which  was  done  by  winding  the 
chain  attached  to  the brake beam around 
the  brake  staff, 
forcing  the 
brake  shoes  or  pads  hard  up  against  the 
wheels.  As  no  two  men  ever  applied 
an  equal  amount  of  force  on  these  brake 
wheels,  the  cars  were  brought to a stand­
still  frequently  with  a  sudden  jolt  or  jar

thereby 

C b e

Michigan  Crust 

Company

WAS  ORGANIZED  FOR  TH E  EX PRESS 

PURPOSE  OF  ACTING 

AS

Guardian, Trustee, Assignee, 

Executor, Administrator, 
Receiver, Agent,  etc.

-

-

-

-

Capital, 
$200,000.00
Additional  Liability of  Stockholders,  200,000.00 
100,000.00
Surplus  and  Undivided  Profits,- 
Deposited  with  State Treasurer, 
100,000.00

-

 

Directors

Chas  H  Hackley,

N.  L.  Avery,

Willard Barnhart,

James M.  Barnett,

Darwin  D.  Cody,

W.  W.  Cummer,

Cadillac,  Mich

E.  Golden  Filer,

Manistee,  Mich.

F.  A.  Gorham,

Thomas  Hefferan,

Muskegon,  Mich. 

Henry  Idema,
S.  B.  Jenks,

Wm.  Judson,

F.  Loettgert,

Alfred  D.  Rathbone,

Wm.  G.  Robinson,

Samuel  Sears,

Anton  G.  Hodenpyl,

Harvey  J.  Hollister,

Dudley  E.  Waters,

T.  Stewart  White,

Lewis  H.  Withey.

Officers

L E W IS   H.  W IT H E Y ,  President.

A N TO N   G.  H O D E N P Y L ,  Vice-President.
G E O R G E   E.  H ARD Y,  Secretary.

F.  A.  G O R H AM ,  Ass’t  Secretary.

6 2

M I C H I G A N   T R A D E S M A N

so  that  passengers  found  it  safer  to  re­
main  seated  until  the  train  stopped.

important 

The  present  air  brake,  which  repre­
sents  the  improvement  in  this  branch  of 
is,  without  ques­
railway  appliances, 
tion.  one  of  the  most 
im­
provements  and  has  been  the  medium 
of  greater  comfort  to  passengers  and 
greater  reduction 
in  wear  and  tear  on 
the equipment  than  almost  any  other de­
vice  which  has  been  used.  At  the  pres­
ent  time,  an  engineer,  by  means  of  a 
series  of  cylinders,  one  under  each  car, 
connected  by  a  pipe,  solid  iron  under 
each  car,  and  flexible  rubber between 
cars  to  allow  for  the  curving,  and  a 
small  pump  on  his engine,  keeps a  stock 
of  air on  hand  in  the  cylinders,  and  by 
the  simple  motion  of  moving  a  small 
valve 
in  his  cab  applies  or  releases  the 
brake  pressure  against  the  wheels  with 
equal 
force  on  each  and  every  wheel  in 
the  car  simultaneously,  and  in  such  an 
easy  manner  that 
is  entirely  prac­
ticable  to  slow  up  and  stop  the  train 
without  the  slightest  jar.

it 

In  every  branch  of  the  railway  serv­
ice,  mechanical  engineering,  traffic  and 
accounting  are  to  be  found  so  many 
evidences  of  such  marked  improvement 
and  progress,  covering  the  surprisingly 
short  period  of  seventy  years,  and  each 
one 
is  apparently  so  requisite  to  fill  its 
appointed  place,  in  order  to  produce  a 
harmonious  and  well-appointed  whole, 
it  would  be  impossible  in  one  article, 
without  running  the  risk  of  becoming 
tedious,  to  refer  to  them  all,  even  cas­
ually.  One  improvement  naturally  sug­
gests  another  and  the  ambition  of  the 
managers  of  the  best-appointed  roads 
of  this  country  prompts  them  to  en­
in  every  little  detail, 
deavor  to  excel 
for  by  experience  and  training 
they 
recognize  that 
in  perfection  in  detail 
lies  success.

While v/e  can  not  fail  to  recognize  the 
wonderful  progress  made 
in  the  con­
struction  of  roadways  and  in  the  motive

The  use  of  the  link  and  pin  for  fas­
tening  cars  together,  and  the  manner  in 
which  the  platforms  of  the  cars  were 
formerly  built,  allowed  for  considerable 
slack  or  lost  motion,  which  was  always 
keenly felt when the  train was  brought  to 
a  stop.  All  passenger  cars  are  now 
equipped  with  an  automatic  selfcoup­
ling  device,  and  the  platforms  of  the 
same  are  fitted  with  a  plate  or  buffer 
which  restc  upon  springs,  so  that  when 
the  cars  are  fastened  together,  the  plat­
forms  are  continuous,  the  springs  in  the 
buffers  permitting  the  car  to adapt  itself 
to  curves.  By  the  use  of  this  style  of 
platform,  an  entire  train  becomes  sub­
stantially 
like  one  car,  there  being  no 
opening  or  slack  motion  from  the  head 
end  of  the  engine  to  the  rear  end  of  the 
train.

travel,  were  unknown 

Sleeping  cars,  which  are  now  consid­
ered  an  absolute  necessity  to  modern 
railway 
forty 
years  ago.  When  first  conceived  and 
used,  about  i860,  they  were  crude  and 
rough  affairs  and  were  used  for short 
runs  only  and  seldom  left  the  road  own­
ing them.  The  modern palace on wheels, 
wherein  are  to  be  found  all  the  comforts 
and  conveniences  of  a  w’ell-appointed 
home,  and  known  as  the Pullman car,  is 
the  outgrowth  of  a  design  made  by 
George  M.  Pullman  in  1864.  The  essen-! 
tial  features  of  the  present  car  were  in­
vented  by  Mr.  Pullman  and  practically 
applied,  and  the  car  of  the  present  day 
is  the  result  of  continuous 
improve­
ments 
looking  to  additional  comfort, 
without,  however,  changing  materially 
the  special  features  of  the  original  de­
sign.

power and  equipment  of  the  railways  of 
our  country  during  the  last  three  score 
and  ten  years,  we  realize,  with profound 
pleasure  and  satisfaction,  the  mental 
and  moral  development  of  the  men  em­
ployed 
in  this  great  work,  and  in  no 
branch of  the  service  have  improvement 
and  progress  been  so  marked.

The  building  of  railways  advanced  so 
rapidly  after  they  were  once  started 
that  it  was  impossible  to  properly  edu­
cate  men  for the  various  duties  to which 
they  were  to  be  assigned,  and  experi­
ence,  frequently  at  the  expense  of  the 
property,  was  the  only  teacher.  This, 
while  thoroughly  efficient,  was  too  often 
costly,  and  careful  training  was 
found 
to  be  absolutely  essential  to  safety  and 
success.  Necessarily,  in  gathering  to­
gether  such  large  bodies  of  men  of  all 
sorts  and  conditions  as  are  required  to 
handle  our  great  railway  properties,  it 
was  to  be  expected  that  some  lawless 
and  reckless  characters  would  be  found 
among  them.  A  careful  and  systematic 
weeding  out  process  has  been  going  on 
for  years  until  now  and  many  years 
back  the  railway  men  of  this  country, 
constituting  one-fourteenth  of  the  entire 
working  population  of  this  country,  are 
recognized  as  the  most 
law-abiding, 
loyal  and  useful  citizens  of  our  Repub­
lic.  This  body  of  men  in  this  day  of 
labor  organizations  could,  if  they  so  de­
sired,  present  one  of  the  most  powerful 
organizations  for  good  or  evil  to  be 
found  in  the  world,  and  it  is  greatly  to 
their  credit  that  their  influence  has been 
unfailingly  found  to  have  been  used 
in 
the  direction  of  good.

Upon  no  other  class  or  body  of  men 
does  such  responsibility  rest  as upon the 
railway  employe,  and  for  that  reason  he 
must,  necessarily,  be  a  man  of  high 
character  and  intelligence,  coupled with 
good  physical  development,  to  enable 
him  to  successfully  carry  the  burden  as­
signed  to  him.  Such  he  is,  and  is  gen­
erally  so  admitted.  While  the  railroad 
employe,  by  virtue  of  his  position,  is 
the  servant  of  the  public,  he  is  at  the 
same  time  the  peer  of  all.  To  him  are 
entrusted  the  lives  and  property  of  m il­
lions,  and  the  safe  and  comfortable 
movement  of  these  millions  at  all  times 
and  under  all  kinds  of  adverse  condi­
tions 
is  the  best  answer  as  to  how  he 
fulfills  that  trust.  We  have  only  to  ride 
upon  the  well-appointed  and  modern 
railways  of  this  country  and  meet  the

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men  entrusted  with  their  care  to  realize 
the  satisfactory  improvement  which  has 
been  effected  in  the  manners  and  meth­
ods  of  the  men  employed.

by 

their 

The  organization  and  perpetuation  of 
many  of  the  mutual  benefit  societies  or 
orders  to  which  the  railroad  men  belong 
have, 
salutary  teachings, 
brought  the  best  qualities  of  the  men  to 
the 
front  and  established  an  esprit  de 
corps  so  essential  to  success.  Excep­
tions,  of  course,  are  found  where  bodies 
of  men  are  misled  by  the  empty  talk  of 
self-elected  leaders  who  never  work  and 
who  could  not  be  made  to  and  who  oc­
cupy  all  their  time  in  trying  to  create 
dissatisfaction  and  discord.  The  good 
sense  of  the  majority  is  gradually  but 
effectually 
class, 
who  are  already  beginning  to  real­
ize  that  their  day  of  prominence  is  fast 
drawing  to  a  close.

eliminating 

this 

The  democracy  of  railroad  life  is  the 
keystone  to  the  railroad  man’s  success. 
No  man 
is  born  to  his  position.  The 
higher  and  more  important  positions  in 
all  the  railroads  in  the  country are  filled 
with  men  who  have  risen  to  them  by 
their  own  efforts.  The 
field  is  open 
alike  to  ali  and  the  opportunities  are  as 
great  to-day  as  they  have  been  in  the 
past,  but  refinement  and  education  are 
now  necessary  qualifications. 
Every 
man 
is  the  maker  of  his  own  future. 
The  presidents  and  general  managers of 
the  roads  twenty-five  years  hence  are 
now  filling  some  minor  positions,  pick­
ing  up  the  threads  of  knowledge  and 
experience  as  opportunities  offer,  and 
thus  fitting  themselves  for  the  work 
which,  on  account  of  the  natural  im­
provement  being  daily  effected,  will 
necessarily  be  more  important even than 
that  of  the  present.

The  establishment  of branch houses  of 
the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  in  the  very  midst  of 
the  busiest  railway  centers  of  the  coun­
try,  thus  affording  a  resting  place  for 
mind  and  body,  surrounded  with 
influ­
ences  of  an  ennobling  instead  of  a  de­
grading  character,  has  done  more  to 
improve  the  tone  and  character  of  the 
great  railway  army  than  any  other  one 
Its  importance  must  not  be  too 
factor. 
lightly  considered, 
for,  unconsciously 
to  the  men,  it  has  been  the  magnet  that 
has drawn  the  good  in  them  to  the  front 
and  enabled  them  to understand  and ap­
preciate  how  much  greater  a  degree  of 
premanent  satisfaction  and  comfort  the 
good  in  a  man,and every man  has  some, 
can  develop  than  the  bad,  frequently  to 
his  surprise,  but  always  resulting  in  a 
permanent  adoption.

Before  leaving  this  subject,  permit 
me  to  call  attention  to  one  phase  in  the 
life  of  a  railway  man  and 
its  relation 
to  his  surroundings  which  has  probably 
attracted 
little  or  no  attention,  which 
has,  in  my  opinion,  as  great  a tendency 
to  encourage  or  discourage  him,  result­
ing  in  improvement  or  neglect,  as  any 
«me,  or  possibly  the  many  forces  he 
comes 
in  contact  with,  and  that  is  the 
aid  and  encouragement  which  he  should 
receive  from  the  public,  that  large  body 
which  he 
is  serving  and  for  which,  if 
loyal  and  honest,  as  the  great 
he 
majority  of  workers  are,  he  is  applying 
all  that  is  best  in  him. 
If  he  finds  that 
his  work^is  appreciated,  that  his  efforts 
to  do  right  are  not  only  observed  but 
have 
left  an  impression  upon  those  he 
is  trying  to  serve,  it  adds  greatly  to  his 
ambition,  gives  him  renewed power  and 
interest 
in  his  work,  which  results  in 
great  benefit  not  only  to  himself,  but  to 
those  he  has  set out to  serve—the public. 
On  the  other  hand,  if  he  is  treated  with 
indifference  or,  worse  still,  with  sus­

is 

M I C H I G A N   T R A D E S M A N

6 3

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Phelps &
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Wind  Mill  Co.,  KALAMAZOO, MICH. 
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picion,  if  he  is  brought  to  realize  that 
the  public  are  disposed  to  belittle  the 
importance  of  his  position,  even  go  so 
far  as  to 
insult  him  by  offering  him 
bribes  to  neglect  his  work  on  the  score 
of  getting  even  with  his employers, who, 
it  is  supposed,  may  not  properly  appre­
ciate  his  work,  which  I  am  glad  to  say 
in  this  day  of  enlightenment  and  conse­
quent  close  relation  between  employer 
and  employe  is  not  true,  he  loses  inter­
est  in  his  work,  succumbs  to  the  temp­
tation  to  do  wrong,  forfeits  the  respect 
and confidence  of  his  employer and loses 
what 
is  of  inestimable  value  to  him— 
the  respect  and  confidence  of  his  fellow 
It  has  probably  never  occurred 
men. 
to  you,  but 
is  nevertheless  true,  as 
has  been  clearly  shown  by  the  close  ob­
servation  and  experience  of  years,  that 
nothing  can  be  more  productive  of  per­
manent 
improvement  in  railway  work 
than  the  exercise  of  a  disposition  on the 
part  of  the  public  to  tender  encourage­
ment  to  the  young  man  starting  out  to 
carve  a  place  for  himself 
in  the  great 
railway  monument  of  the  world,  and 
evidences  of  appreciation  and  an  ex­
pressed  desire  to  aid  rather than impede 
him 
in  his  work  will  be  seed  sown  in 
fertile  ground  and  will  return  you  an 
hundred  fold.  Try  it.

it 

Charles  M.  Heald.

The  Crow  Indians  of  Montana,  who 
raise  a  great  deal  of  wheat,  have  en­
tered 
in to,a  contract  with  the  United 
States  Government  to  supply  the  Chey­
enne  Indians  with  flour.  They  have 
constructed  a  system  of  irrigation  for 
their  farms,  and  have  a  good  flour  mill 
at  the  agency,  while  they  are  building 
another  at  a  distant  part  of  the  reserva­
tion.  They  have  sold  much  farm  prod­
uce  annually  for  several  years  to  buyers 
in  the  country  around,  and  many  cattle 
and  horses.  They  are  rich  in  farms  and 
flocks  and  herds,  but  this 
is  the  first 
time  a  Government  contract  or  a  rail­
way  contract  was  ever  let  to  an  Indian 
— at  least  to  a  “ blanket  Indian’ ’  of  the 
mountains.

The  hens  got  through 

laying  earlier 
this  year  than  last.  That’s  all.  A  hen 
lays  about  so  many  eggs,  and  if  she  be­
gins 
late,  as . she  did  in  the  spring  of 
1899,  she  finishes  late,  but  if  she  begins 
the  campaign  early 
in  March,  as  she 
did  last  spring,  she  gets  tired  when  the 
hot  weather  comes  and  quits.  People 
need  not  wonder  why  eggs  are  not  as 
plentiful 
in  August  as  they  were  last 
year.  A  hen  has  notions  and  ways  of 
her  own,  and  she  is  set  in  her  ideas.

^Platform Delivery Wayoni*

-2^ vs?’’ V?7 vs7 vs7 

•¿s?' vs?"

à

W#

Not  how  cheap  but  how  good.  Write  for  catalogue  and  prices.

THE  BELKNAP  WAGON  CO.,  Grand  Rapids,  Michigan.

No.  113

6 4

M I C H I G A N   T R A D E S M A N

T H E  TRAVELING   SALESM AN.

Im portant  Changes  o f th e  P ast  Two  D e­

cades.

That  the  evolution  oi  the  traveling 
in  the  past  two  decades  has  been 
man 
great 
is  apparent  on  every  hand  and 
can  not  be  gainsaid.  Compared  with 
our  day,  “ the  profession,”   seventeen 
years  ago,  was  an  “ infant 
industry.”  
While  undoubtedly  there  are  many  com­
mercial  travelers  whose  first  trip  ante­
dates  the  first  issue  of  the  Tradesman, 
the  service  of  most  of  “ the  drummers”  
is  much  more  recent.  Many  of  the  then 
travelers  are  to-day  our 
employers, 
sending  us  out  in  their  stead  to  further 
develop  the  route  so  auspiciously  and 
successfully  begun  by  them.  This  is 
one  kind  of  evolution,  a  kind  we  are 
all  working  to  attain.

ing  his  superior  resources  and  creating 
new  markets,  additional  outlets,  for  his 
wares.

it  for  days—ave, 

To  the  pioneer  traveling  man,  in  my 
humble  opinion,  is  due,  primarily,  the 
business  evolution  of  the  traveling man. 
To  those  sturdy,  honest,  hardworking 
missionaries  who  years  ago  started  out 
with  their  “ grip”   and  map,  with  an 
indomitable will,  an  unlimited  amount 
of  pluck  and  endurance,  overcoming 
insurmountable  obstacles, 
seemingly 
staging 
sometimes 
weeks— over all  kinds  of  roads  and  un­
der  all  sorts  of  climatic  conditions—to 
these,  I  say,  are  due  the  enviable  prog­
ress  and  development  of  the  traveling 
man  of  to-day.  They  created  the  road­
man’s  market.  They  demonstrated  to 
the  jobber  and  manufacturer  that  going 
after  the  business  was  the  coming  way 
of  getting  it.  They  laid  the  foundation 
of  the  present  prosperity  and  made  pos­
sible  the  triumphs  of  this  large  body  of

representative,  well-kept  and  well-in­
formed  men.  That  the  business  of  the 
country,  in 
the  past  twenty  or  twenty- 
five  years,  has  been  revolutionized  is  an 
undisputed  fact;  and  equally 
indis­
putable 
is  the  fact  that  this  revolution 
was  made  possible  by  the  evolution  of 
the  traveling  man.  Where  formerly  a 
retailer  bought  his  goods  two,  three  or 
four  times  a  year,  to-day  he 
is  buying 
every  month,  every  week,  every  day. 
Instead  of  tying  up  thousands  of  dollars 
in  inactive  merchandise  as  he  formerly 
did, 
to-day  he  buys  “ from  hand  to 
mouth,”   kindly  allowing  the  jobber  to 
carry  the  stock  for  him  and  drawing 
on  these  “ supply  depots”   as  his  needs 
require. 
In  this  manner  he  keeps  his 
stock  fresh  and clean,  bright  and  attrac­
tive,  new  and  merchantable,  his  patrons 
pleased,  his  account  active.  He  avoids 
larger  insurance.  More­
larger  risks, 
over,  his  stock 
is  worth  nearer  a  hun­
dred  cents  than  under  the  old  regime ;

it  does  not  become  old  and  shopworn, 
out  of  style,  as  “ the  boys”   say,  a 
“ sticker.”   These  new  conditions  called 
for  improved  transportation  facilities, 
increased  mail,  telegraph  and  telephone 
service;  and  the  credit  for  the  better­
ment  o f these  potent  factors  in  commer­
cial  life  to-day  is  claimed  by  the travel­
ing  man.  Perhaps 
it  is  characteristic 
of  the  traveling  man  to  claim  “ every­
thing 
in  sight;”   but  by  his  indomi­
table,  indefatigable  push  and  energy  he 
makes  these  claims  valid.

And  who 

is  nearer  to  or  in  closer 
touch  with  the  merchant,  his  custom­
er,  than  the  traveling  man?  By  dint 
of  his  business  qualifications,  his  in­
sight 
into  his  customer’s  business,  he 
has  made  himself  indispensable  to  him. 
Many  a  retail  stock  is  in  better  shape 
by  virtue  of  his  advice;  many  a  mer­
chant  owes  his  success  in  business  in  a 
greater  or  less  degree  to  him,  as  in  and 
out  of  season  he  stood  by  him,  encour-

aged  him,  advised  him,  perhaps  taught 
him  the 
ins  and  outs  of  buying,  and. 
often  of  selling— in  short,  was  his  best 
friend.  And  it  is  a  palpable  and  grat­
ifying  act  that  such  confidence  imposed 
by  the  merchant  in  the  traveling  man 
is  seldom  if  ever  abused  or  violated,  for 
the  traveling  man  of  to-day,  as  already 
mentioned,  must  be  primarily  endowed 
with  strict  honesty,  unswerving  integ­
rity.  Men  without  these  qualities  are 
shortlived on the  road  and  their  success­
ors  are  soon  appointed.

Strong  personality,  unimpeachable 
character,  sociability,  adaptability— all 
of  these  and  other  qualifications  are  ex­
emplified 
in  the  traveling  man  of  to­
day,  and  to the  greater  or  lesser  endow­
ment  of  which  is  due,  in  a  large  meas­
ure,  his  success  or  failure  on  the  road.
In  enumerating  sociability  as  a  nec­
the  traveling 
essary  qualification 
man 
it  must  not  be  implied  that  this 
means  conviviality.  One  of  the  most 
patent  evolutions 
life  of  the 
traveling  man  is  the  almost  total  disap­
of  these  convivial  habits. 
pearance 
“ The  boys”   of  to-day  have 
little  time 
to  indulge  in  such  habits  and  their  em­

in  the 

in 

ployers  less  time  to  continue  on the road 
men  who  do.

Another,  and  most  gratifying,  evolu­
tion  is  the  moral  standing  of  the  travel­
ing  man of  to-day  in  the  community,  in 
society.  Where  formerly  the  “ horrid 
drummer”   was  proscribed,  to-day  he  is 
a  welcome  guest;  and  this  because  he 
has  proved  that  he  is  a  gentleman  first, 
last  and  all  the  time. 
It  is  not  my  de­
sire  to  reflect  in  any  manner on the trav­
eling  man  of  the  past.  Because  a  few 
“ black  sheep”   (and  they  are  found  in 
all  flocks)  had  made  themselves  liable 
to  censure,  and  even  ostracism,  through 
ignoble  and  scandalous  conduct,  the  en­
tire  fraternity  was  made  to  suffer for  the 
sins  of  the  few.  Thanks  to  the  high 
standard  demanded  in  a  traveling  man 
io-day,  and  the  consequent  high  moral 
tone  of  them  as  a body,  such occurrences 
are  things  of  the  past;  and  this  is  a 
most  desirable  evolution.

only 

travel,  attainable 

Their  rapid  growth,  numerically  as 
well  as  morally,  has  resulted,  perhaps  as 
a  natural  consequence  of  the  spirit  of 
the  times,  in  another  and  perhaps  the 
most  desirable  evolution  of  all— in  the 
banding  of  themselves  together  in  soci­
eties  or  organizations  for  mutual  ad­
vancement  and  protection.  Numerous 
such  orders, 
founded,  fostered,  devel­
oped  and  maintained  by  themselves,  in 
their own  interests  and  those  of  their 
families,  are  to-day 
in  existence,  and 
number  among  their  membership  the 
brains  and  intelligence  of  the  vast  body 
of  commercial  travelers.  These  mutual 
organizations  are  doing  untold  good 
among  their  members. 
They  teach, 
paramountly, 
that  priceless,  God-in­
spired  virtue,  Charity,  which  makes  the 
whole  world  kin  and 
in  time  of  need 
and  distress  so  materially  and  unselfish­
ly  manifests 
itself  toward  an  unfortu­
nate  brother or  his  bereft  loved  ones. 
In  the  proper  evolution  of  these  orders 
lies  the  whole  future  of  the  traveling 
man.  These  movements  demonstrate  to 
the  world  at  large,  and  to  our  employers 
in  particular,  that  we  are  earnest 
in 
our  advocacy  of  and  allegiance  to 
lofty 
principles  and  steadfast practices.  They 
gain  for  us  a  respect  and  standing  per­
haps  otherwise unattainable,  besides  se­
curing  for  us  advantages,  conveniences 
and  preferments,  in  our  constant  round 
through 
of 
united  action.  Affiliation  with 
such 
noble  orders,  conducted  exclusively  by 
and  in  the  interest  of the traveling  man, 
enrolls  us  in  one  gigantic  brotherhood 
and  enlists  us  not  only  individually  but 
collectively  in  a  noble  work.  While 
it 
is  a  charitable  work  we  are  engaged  in, 
it  is  not  charity  the  bereft  or  needy  re­
ceive  at  our  hands,  for  it  is  the  inalien­
able  right  of  every  member  to  share 
in 
all  the  advantages  and  benefits  of  the 
organization. 
If  by  reason  of  accident 
or  other  misfortune  he  finds material  as­
sistance  necessary 
is  rendered  him 
without  the  sacrifice  of  self-respect  (al­
the  acceptance  of 
ways 
charity),  for  he 
is  one  of  the  “ stock­
holders”   and  in  this  manner  draws  his 
“ dividends.”   While  the  orders  are 
comparatively  young,  an  evolution  of 
the  spirit  of  the  times,  this  evolution 
will  not  he  complete  until  every eligible 
traveling  man  (and  there  ought  not  to 
be  an  ineligible  one)  is  enrolled  in  one 
or  more  of  these  orders.  Let  those, 
it 
therefore,  who  are  members  see  to 
that  our  various  organizations 
are 
strengthened  numerically, 
financially, 
morally,  and 
in  this  manner  extend 
their  usefulness,  broaden  their  charity 
and,  by_bringing  to  a  still  higher  stand­
ard  their  already  high position,  increase 
for their own individual selves the regard 
and  respect  of  the  community.
. Thus,  in  summing  up,  we  find  evolu­
tion ^  in _  every  walk  of  the  traveling 
in 
man’s 
character,  in  morals;  evolution 
in­
tellect,  in  importance,  in  strength;  evo­
lution  in  charity,  in  unity,  in  organiza­
tion,  and, 
few  decades 
continue  this  praiseworthy  and  desir­
able  evolution 
in  all  pertaining  to  the 
improvement  and  welfare  of  the  travel­
ing  man,  the  next  generation— our  suc­
cessors—need  no  longer  look  forward  to 
the  coming  of  the  millennium,  for  it 
will be at hand in the perfect evolution of 
i the  traveling  man.  Ed.  J.  Schreiber.

in  business, 
in 

life_—evolution 

if  the  next 

incident  to 

it 

Seventeen  years  ago, 

the  traveling 
man  had  not  secured  the  hold  on  the 
merchant  he  is  enjoying  to-day;  he  was 
not  yet  the  necessary  adjunct  to  the  re­
tail  business  that  he  is  to-day,  as  the 
retailer  had  not  yet  been  taught  the 
manifold  advantages  to  be  derived  from 
daily  intercourse  with  him.  The  manu­
facturer  and  the 
jobber  were  not  so 
fully,  so  completely,  represented  by  the 
traveler  as  they  are  to-day.  While  many 
lines  wrere  represented,  but  few  were 
fully  represented  and  many  firms  had 
not  yet  entered  the  fields  to  distribute 
their  wares  in  this  most  successful  man­
ner. 
The  time  had  not  yet  arrived 
when  the  retail  merchant  could  sit  in 
his  office  and  purchase  from  the  travel­
ing  man  the  various  lines  of  merchan­
dise  necessary  for the  successful  carry­
ing  on  of  his  business.

To-day  the  traveling  man  is  almost 
the  sole  medium  beween  the  jobber and 
retailer.  To-day  the  traveling  man  is 
possessed  of  almost 
plenipotentiary 
powers— is  the  sole  arbiter  of  all  ques­
tions  arising  between  his  firm  and  his 
customers.

tact, 

Equipped  with  more  than  ordinary 
judgment,  honesty 
intelligence, 
and  integrity,  he  is  sent  out  to  roam 
the  country  over  in  search  of  trade.  He 
is  the  power  supreme  and  on  him  de­
pends,  in  a  measure  at  least,  the  suc­
cess  or  failure  of  the  house  he  repre­
sents.  Without  referring  to  statistics, 
perhaps  nine-tenths  of  the  entire  busi­
ness  of  the  country  to-day  is  conducted 
through  the  traveling  man— certainly  a 
most  gratifying  increase  over  a  few dec­
ades  ago.

To  wThat  is  due  this  marvelous  evolu­
tion,  this  unprecedented  progress  and 
development  of  the  traveling  man? 
If 
evolution  has  taken  place  in  the  travel­
ing  man  it  necessarily  follows  that busi­
ness  also  must  have  “ evoluted. ”  
If 
to-day  there  are  ten  men  on  the  road 
where  a  score  of  years  ago  there  was but 
one  there  must  be  a  reason  for  it.

The  employer  of  to-day,  surrounded 
by  keen  competition,  is  not  slow  to  see 
commercial  advantages  and  to  utilize 
them,  thus 
increasing  his  prestige,  his 
lead  on  his  competitor  and  incidentally 
filling  his  coffers. 
If  he  employs  more 
men  on  the  road  to-day  than  he  did  for­
merly,  or  if  others,  who  did  not  solicit 
business 
in  this  manner before,  do  so 
now,  it  is  because  business  sagacity  de­
mands 
If  distributing  his  wares 
through  the  medium  of  the  traveling 
man  has  been  successful  and  profitable 
does  not  the  spirit  of  expansion  and 
progress,  regnant 
in  every  breast,  dic­
tate  increased facilities in this direction? 
Therefore,  he  sends  out  more  men, 
knowing,  realizing,  that  these  men  will 
push  to  the  remotest  comers  of  civiliza­
tion,  expanding  his  business,  advertis­

it. 

M I C H I G A N   T R A D E S M A N

6 5

Ball-Barnbart* 
Putman  Co.

UJboksalc Grocers $ 
Importers of Cea

W hile  we  aim  to  carry  a  stock  which  is  complete 
in  every  department,  we  especially  desire  to  call  attention 
to  the  following  goods,  which  we  control  in  this  territory 
and  which  we  are  able  to  guarantee  to  our  customers  be­
cause  of their  superior  quality  and  uniform  excellence:

Dulutb  Imperial  Spring  UJbcat  Flour 
Diamond  Olinter  ttlbeat  flour 
Elk  Chop  Japan  teas 
Reekin’s  Coffees 
tiger  Brand  Spices 
Michigan  Family  Soap 
Demingway  Canning  Co/s  Extra 

Fancy  Canned  Goods 

Riverside  Cbeese 
Right  Cbing  Five  Cent  Cigars

W e  are  always  “at  home”  to  our  friends  and  trust 
that  those  dealers  who  visit  the  city  during  the  State  Fair 
and  the  Semi-Centennial  celebration  in  October  will  give 
us  an  opportunity  to  shake  hands  and  show  them  through 
one  of the  oldest, 
largest  and  best  equipped  wholesale 

grocery  establishments  in  the  State.

6 6

M I C H I G A N   T R A D E S M A N

T H E   GAS  BUSINESS.

O rigin  and  G row th  o f  th e  Local  In stitu ­

tion.

The  approaching  semi-centennial  of 
incorporation  of  the  city  of  Grand 
the 
Rapids 
is  happily  an  opportune  time 
for  a  review  of  the  industrial  growth  of 
is  to  be 
the  city,  and  the  Tradesman 
congratulated  on 
its 
splendid  special  issue,  embodying some­
what  of  the  history  of  the  progress  of 
those  industries  which have  added to the 
fair  fame  of  Grand  Rapids  as  a  city.

the  occasion  of 

It  is  with  pleasure  and  with  personal 
appreciation  of  the  opportunity  pre­
sented  that 
I  write  of  the  history  and 
growth  of  the  Grand  Rapids  Gas  Light 
Company,  aptly  quoted, 
“ the  model 
corporation  of  the  city,”   and  one  of 
which  the  citizens 
“ our 
company,”   rather  than  by  its  corporate 
name.

speak 

as 

The  Gas  Company  was  born  in  1857, 
but  a  few  years  after  the 
incorporation 
of  the  city  itself,  and  has  steadily  gone 
onward  and  upward,  even  as  the  city 
itself  has  taken  no  step  backward. 
In 
this  day  the  founding  of  a  gas  company 
appears  a  small  task 
in  comparison 
with  the  courage  of  their convictions  re­
quired  by  the 
founders  of  the  Grand 
Rapids  Gas  Light  Company.  To-day 
the 
industrial  uses  of  gas  are  so  well 
understood  and  the  value  of  gas  so  well 
appreciated  that  it  enters into the house­
hold  and  business  life  of  nearly  every 
citizen,  and  great  would  be  the  loss  if 
for  any  reason  an  interruption  should 
come  to  the  supply  of  gas.  In  1857,  the 
use  of  gas  was  but  little  known  and  the 
cost  was  so  comparatively  high—$4 
for 
one thousand cubic feet—that prospective 
profits  were  truly  uncertain,  and  it  is  a 
matter of  record  that  dividends were  not 
paid  for  several  years.  Grand  Rapids 
had 
in  1857  a  population  of  less  than
8,000,  and  of  this  number  but  thirty- 
seven  were  enrolled  as  customers  of  the 
Company  when  gas  was  first  supplied, 
on  Nov.  14,  1857.

light,  heat  and  power,  and  with  these 
three  applications  of  usefulness  there 
is  no  fear  of  the  stability  of  the 
indus­
try.

A  review  of  the  gas  business  divides 
itself  naturally  into the manufacture,  the 
distribution  and  the  management,  and 
along  these  lines  I  will  briefly 
indicate 
the  important  changes:

In  1883  the  manufacture  of gas was ex­
clusively  from  gas  coal,  and  the  works 
were  located  on  Ottawa  street,  near  the 
G.  R.  &  1.  crossing.  This  was  the  site 
of  the  first  works  built  in  1857  and  con­
tinued  to  serve  until  1886,  when  the 
growth  of  the  business  required 
the 
erection  of  works  of  much  increased 
capacity,  at  the  corner  of  Wealthy  and 
Oakland  avenues,  the  site  of  the  works 
to-day.  In  1890  the  manufacture  of  car- 
buretted  water  gas  was  undertaken  and 
the  superior 
light  giving  qualities  of 
this  new  gas  were  soon  apparent.  With 
carburetted  water gas  as  an 
illuminant,

I tion  of  gas  that  we  find  the  greatest 
progress  in  the  seventeen  years  now 
passed.  Since 1883 we have the gas stoves 
for  heating  and  for cooking,  the  famous 
Welsbach  mantle  for  incandescent  gas­
lighting  and  the  superior  gas  engine 
for all  power  purposes. 
In  1883  gas  for 
fuel  was  almost  unknown.  The  stoves 
were  of  poor  and  inefficient  design  and 
the cost of gas was so high  that  the  intro­
duction  and  use  of  fuel  appliances  was 
scarcely  undertaken. 
To-day,  with 
stoves  of  standard  and  efficient  desig 
and  with  the  price  of  gas  so 
low,  there 
are  more  than  7,000  cooking  and  3,000 
heating  appliances  in  use  in  our  city 
and  wherever  the  mains  of  the  company 
extend  it  can  safely  be  said  that  every 
body  who  is  anybody  uses  gas  for  fuel 
So 
important  a  part  of  the  company’: 
business  has  the  appliance  department 
become,  that  a  special  store  is  main 
tained  for  the  convenience  of  the  Com 
pany’s  patrons,  and  that  it 
is  appreci

lighting  efficiency  is  more  than  30  can­
dles  per  cubic  foot  of  gas.  Here,  then, 
is  one  of  the  greatest  steps  forward—a 
gain  of  a  tenfold  efficiency.  How  poor 
the  sixteen  candle  power 
light  looks 
when  compared  with  the  new  incan­
descent  gas 
light  and  how  great  the 
saving  to  the  public!  Since  1883  the 
price  of  gas  has  been  cut  in  two,  but 
intensity  of  light  has 
the  quality  and 
been 
increased 
tenfold. 
Is  not  this 
statement  a  sufficient  proof  of  the  pub­
lic  utility  and  benefaction  of the  gas  in­
dustry?

is  of  recent  growth. 

The  application  of  gas  tor  power  pur­
In  1883  the 
poses 
gas  engine  was  but  a  toy,  expensive 
in 
first  cost  and  built  for  very  small  users. 
To-day  gas  engines  are  in  use  in  Pitts­
burgh  of  more  than  600  horse  power  and 
in  Europe  installations  of  1,000  horse 
power are  recorded. 
In  Grand  Rapids 
there  are  several  engines  as  large  as  35 
horse  power,  and  many  of 
lesser  size 
down  to  the  small  one  and  two  horse 
power  motors  used  for  printing  presses, 
meat  choppers,  ice  cream 
freezers,  etc. 
Gas  engines  are used  not  only  for  power 
purposes,  but 
for  driving  dynamos 
which,  in  turn,  make  electric  light  at 
a  corresponding  saving  of  cost  of  elec­
tric  current  to 
large  consumers.  The 
Gas  Company  itself  has  for  exhibition 
purposes  a  gas  engine  and  dynamo,  in 
its  office  windows,  and  each  night  its 
sign  “ Gas  Electric  Light”   shines  forth 
brightly  with 
incandescent  electric 
lights  to  demonstrate  practically  how 
gas  may  furnish  electric  light.  It  is  the 
opinion  of  several  famous  engineers— 
notably  George  Westinghouse,  of  Pitts 
burgh—that  gas  for  motive  power  will 
largely  supplant  steam,  the  thermal  effi­
ciency  of  the  gas  engine  being  so  far  in 
advance  of  the  steam  engine  that  it  will 
be  unprofitable  to  employ 
latter 
where  gas  can  be  obtained  at  moderate 
prices.

the 

the  Company  supplies 

From  1857  to  1883,  when  the  Trades­
man  was  born,  the  Gas  Company  pros­
pered  with  the  growing  wealth  and 
im­
portance  of  the  city.  The  population 
had 
increased  to  above  40,000  and  of 
this  number  1,602  were  then  customers 
of  the  Company.  The  price  of  gas  had 
steadily  decreased  until  the  two  dollar 
mark  had  been  reached. 
Sales  per 
capita  were  then  1,000  cuhic  feet  per 
annum,  and  but  4  per  cent,  of  the  peo­
ple  were  supplied.  Gas  manufactured 
from  coal  was  then  distributed  exclus­
ively  and  the  cost  of  gas  coal  was  about 
$4  per  net  ton  delivered  in  Grand  Rap­
ids.  To-day,  with  a  city  of  100,000 
people, 
over 
10,000  customers,  or  more  than  10  per 
cent,  of  the  population,  and  the  sales 
per  capita  per  annum  exceed  3,000 
cubic  feet,  and  the  dollar mark  has  been 
reached  in  the  price  of  gas.  This,  too, 
notwithstanding  the  cost  of  gas  coal  is 
but  slightly  reduced—the  price  to-day 
being  about  S3.30  per  net  ton  delivered.
The  past  seventeen  years  have  wit­
in  the  gas 
nessed 
industry,  and  the  spur  of  electric  com­
petition  can  fa.rly  claim  no  small  part 
of  the  credit. 
In  1883  the  gas  industry 
was  devoted  almost  exclusively  to  the 
lighting  interests;  to-day  this  field 
is 
divided  with  the  electric  industry,  but 
gas  has  expanded  into  the  heating  and 
cooking and  power  fields, so  that  the  use 
of  gas  per  capita  has  trebled,  notwith­
standing  the  division  with  electricity  of 
the  lighting  business.  To-day  gas  en­
gineers  hold  that  gas  is  a  form  of  en­
ergy,  and  as  such  can  be  converted  into

important  advances 

even  with  the  now  old-fashioned  open 
flame  burners  the  company  was  more 
its  own  against  the 
than  able  to  hold 
advancing  use  of  electric 
light.  Minor 
changes  have  been  made  at  various 
times,  all  tending  to 
increase  the  ca­
pacity  of  the  works  and  to  add  standard 
apparatus  only  for  the  manufacture, 
purification  and  storage  of gas,  until  the 
works  stand  to-day  fully  equipped  for 
the  best  results. 
In  1897  was  under­
taken  the  erection  of  the  new  gas  holder 
of  one  million  cubic  feet  capacity,  the 
largest  gas  holder 
in  the  State  and  a 
conspicuous  landmark  of  the  city.

The  erection  of  gas  works  apparatus 
little 
can  to-day  be  undertaken  with 
risk  of  becoming  obsolete  before  hav­
ing  become  worn  out  or  destroyed.  The 
type  of  gas  machinery 
is  generally 
standard  and  the  design  uniform.  This 
adds  much  to  the  safety  of  the 
invest­
ment.

It  is  in  the  distribution  aqd  utiliza-

| ated  by  the  public  is  evidenced  by  the 
j  growing  patronage. 
The  Company’s 
offices  in  the  Ledyard  block,  at  the  cor­
ner  of  Ottawa  and  Pearl  streets,  are 
conspicuously  attractive  and  a  cordial 
invitation 
is  extended  to  the  public  to 
take  advantage  of  the  conveniences  of 
the  office.

The  Welsbach  mantle  has  revolution­
ized  gas  lighting.  This  invention,  now 
in  so  general  use,  employs  gas  to  raise 
a  mantle  of  the  oxides  of  rare  earths, 
notably  thorium,  to  incandescence  with 
In  1883 
a  light  of  superior  brilliancy. 
the  open  burner,  then 
in  general  use, 
gave  a  light  of  16  candles  when  using 
gas  at  the  rate  of  five  cubic  feet  per 
hour,  or  the  lighting  efficiency  was  but 
little  more  than  three  candles  per  cubic 
foot.

The  Welsbach  burner  uses  but  three 
cubic  feet  of  gas  per  hour  and,  with  the 
new  “ Yusea”   mantle,  gives  a  light 
equal  to  one  hundred  candles,  or the

fuel  gas 

introduction  of 

Nothing  has  been  said  of  the  at­
tempted 
in 
Grand  Rapids  in  1890.  The  affair  here, 
as  everywhere  else 
it  has  been  tried, 
was  a  total  failure.  Fuel  gas  has  too 
many  practical  disadvantages  to  be  a 
commercial  success.  The  value  of  gas 
for  light,  heat  and  power  depends  upon 
the  thermal  or  heat  units  contained, 
and 
it  is  essential  that  commercial  gas 
should  not  fall  below  650  to  700  heat 
units  per  cubic 
The  heating 
value  standard  to-day  is  quite  as impor­
tant  and  should  be  as  well  understood 
by  the  public  as  the  old-fashioned  rat­
ing  of  “  16  candle  power,”   a  term  now 
almost  obsolete  because  of  no  practical 
application.

foot. 

To  write  of  the  management  of  the 
Gas  Company  brings  to  mind  the  mem­
ory  of  the  names  of  T.  D.  Gilbert  and 
Thomas  Smith.  In  1883  these  gentlemen 
were  active  in  the  management  and  re­
sponsible  for  the  success  of  the  com­
pany.  Mr.  Smith  died  in  1889  and  Mr. 
Gilbert  in  1894.  Upon  the  death  of  Mr. 
Gilbert  the  ownership  of  the  Company 
was  transferred  to  Emerson  McMillin 
and  his  associates,  and  how  well  the 
trust 
imposed  upon  Mr.  McMillin  has 
been  administered  is  evidenced  by  the 
stability  of  the  Company  to-day.  Mr. 
McMillin’s  associates 
in  the  Board  of 
Directors 
include  N.  L.  Avery,  Vice- 
President,  H.  D.  Walbridge,  Second 
Vice-President,  James  M.  Barnett,  An­
ton  G.  Hodenpyl,  Henry  Idema,  T.  J. 
O’ Brien,  J.  Boyd  Pantlind  and  Lester 
J.  Rindge,  and  it  is  generally  conceded 
the  people’s  interests  are  strongly  con­
served  by  so  representative  a  gathering 
of  gentlemen  and  that  the  security  of

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M I C H I G A N   T R A D E S M A N

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M I C H I G A N   T R A D E S M A N

the  investment  to  the  stockholders  can 
not  be  gainsaid.  In  1898  Paul  Doty  suc­
ceeded  H.  D.  Walbridge  as  Secretary 
and  General  Manager  of  the  Company 
and  H.  B.  Wales  became  Treasurer.

In  1899 the Board of Directors  adopted 
a  plan  of  direct  profit  sharing  with  the 
employes’  of  the  company, by  which  the 
employes 
investment  of  labor  is  made 
equal  with  the  stockholders’  investment 
of  capital,  so  that  the  employes  receive 
semi-annally  a  dividend  of  3  per  cent, 
of  the  amount  of  their  yearly  wages. 
This  just  and  generous  plan  of  reward­
ing  faithful  and  meritorious  service  on 
the  part  of  the  employes,  it  is  believed, 
will  solve  the  so-called  labor  problem, 
and  the  public  is  interested  to  the  ex­
tent  of  receiving  cheerful  and  prompt 
service  satisfactorily  rendered.

The  Gas  Company  has  ever  been 
mindful  of  the  interests  of 
its  patrons 
and  has ever responded to  the  increasing 
demands  of  the  growth  of  the  city,  and 
has  extended  its  mains  into  new  terri­
tory,  to  give  to  all  the  citizens  the  com­
fort  and  convenience  of  the  use  of  gas. 
It  has  always  been 
in  the  van  of  the 
cities  of  greater  size  in  the  matter of 
low  priced  gas  and  has  always  re­
sponded  to  the  many  wants  and  needs 
of  its  patrons  by  courteous  attention.  It 
has  not  been  wanting  in  public  spirit 
and  enterprise  and  has  always  believed 
public  service 
is  a  public  trust.  The 
tangible  result  of  all  this  is  that  the  se­
curities  of  the  Company  have  attained  a 
sure  reputation  for  value  and  stability 
and,  notwithstanding  the  competition 
of  electricity  or  otherwise,  has 
it  not 
been  shown  there  is  faith  for  the  hope 
that  the  Company  will  continue to main­
tain  its  deserved  popularity?

Paul  Doty.

Art  o f  B eing  A greeable.

It 

There  is  a  great  deal  more  to  being 
agreeable  than  merely  being  polite. 
Some  excessively  polite  people  are 
densely  stupid  and  awful  bores. 
is 
not  easy  to  tell  wherein  lies  the  charm 
of  manner  wherein  people  who  under­
stand  and 
illustrate  the  art  of  being 
agreeable  radiate.  For  one  thing,  they 
always  have  agreeable 
voices.  No 
charming  woman  ever  spoke  with  a 
harsh  voice or with uncultivated phrases. 
The  art  of  being  agreeable,  which  is  so 
delightfully  comprehended  and  exhib­
ited  by  some  men  and  women 
in  soci­
ety,  and  which  might  be  acquired  by 
others, 
also, 
among  other  things.  One  must  be  mind­
ful  of  others  if  he  would  be  agreeable.
T K e r p   is   a  hrf>P7ir>i»ss  a h n u t  th p  
r l ia r m -
ing  person  that  is  most  refreshing.  The 
agreeable  person  never  probes  a  wound, 
never  overpowers  one  with  kindness, 
never  ignores  one  who  has  any claims at 
all  upon  her  consideration  (be  it  that  of 
guest  or  servant),  keeps  cool  under  try­
ing  circumstances,  and  is  enthusiastic 
over 
events. 
Agreeable  people  always  say  the  right 
thing  in  the  right  place,  and  they  never 
say  the  wrong  thing.— Good  Words.

involves  unselfishness, 

enthusiasm 

justifying 

K an sas  T h rift.

A  druggist 

in  Pratt,  Kan.,  was  con­
victed  of  selling 
liquor  without  a  li­
cense  and  sentenced  to jail.  The sheriff, 
however,  permitted  the  prisoner  to  re­
main  with  his  family  most  of  the  time 
and  did  not 
lock  him  up.  At  the  ex­
piration  of  the  prisoner’s  term 
the 
prisoner’s  wife  sued  the  sheriff  for the 
price  of  board  and 
for  her 
spouse,  alleging  that  the  sheriff  was 
drawing  pay  from  the  county  for  the 
prisoner's  keep.  She  was awarded  judg­
ment  for $21.60,  but  the  sheriff  has  ap­
pealed  to  a  higher court.

lodging 

S U C C E S S   A S   A   G R O C E R .

P ertin en t  H in ts  B y   O ne  o f  M ich igan's 

B est  M erchants.

A  great  many things  may be suggested 
as  regards  the  success  of a grocer.  Many 
men  have  made  a  success  and  attribute 
it  to  various  causes.  Like  all  other 
businesses,  capital 
is  one  of  the  essen­
tials  which  make  the  grocery  business  a 
success,  although  I  have  seen  the  man 
with  money  make  a  failure,  while  some 
poor  boy  who  has  had  no  help 
life, 
except  what  he  has  gained  by  hard work 
and  strict  observance  to  business,  has 
at  last  achieved  success,  climbed  to  the 
top,  and  to-day  is  considered an  author­
ity  in  the  grocery business.  His  advice 
is  sought  for  and  his  assistance 
is 
wanted  in  all  the  avocations of life ;  and 
a  young  man  who  may  have  the  oppor­
tunity  of  engaging  under  such 
instruc­
tion  will  find  it  a  school  worthy  his  at­
tendance. 
I  would  advise  some  old 
grocerymen  to  place  themselves  under

in 

business  the  object  of  conversation  and 
present  new  ideas,  that  the  public  may 
know  that  you  are  not  one  of  the  back 
numbers.

As  we  have  capital  and  location,  now 
we  are  ready  to  purchase  our  first  stock 
of  goods. 
1  would  suggest,  if  young  in 
the  business,  to  obtain  the  services  of 
some  man  who  has  made  a  success  of 
business,  and  knows  the  wants  of  the 
is  posted  on  the  price  of 
people,  and 
in  buying,  so  that  no 
goods,  to  assist 
unsalable  articles  may  be  placed 
in 
stock;  in  fact,  he  will  be a moneymaker 
at  the  start.  Buy  for  cash  and  allow  no 
invoice  to  pass  without  taking  the  dis­
counts,  as  they  will  amount  to  a  good 
profit  at  the  end  of  each year.  It enables 
you  to buy  your  goods  cheaper,  as  you 
are  in  a  position  to  dictate  the  price  as 
well  as  the  quality,  and  good  houses 
will  seek  your  patronage.  Should  they 
have  a  bargain 
lines  of 
goods,  which  at  times  all  do,  you  will

in  certain 

cut  from  one  side  and  have  a  dried 
remnant  of  two  or  three  pounds  to throw 
away. 
It  may  be  your  whole  profit  on 
the  cheese.  Stop  all  leaks  in  the  vin­
egar,  molasses,  etc.,  also  the  money 
drawer,  which 
is  the  most  essential. 
Always  do  as  you  agree  with  your  cus­
tomers  and  be  exact 
in  your  weights 
and  measures  and  success  will  follow.

At  present,  I  would  advise  carrying 
light  stocks  and  buying  as  trade  de­
mands,  and  you  will  have  nothing  to 
lose.

ideas,  shows  you  the 

Always  be  courteous  to  the  traveling 
man.  Remember  that  he  may  have  a 
wife  and  children  whom  he  has 
left  at 
home  while  he  travels  day  and  night  to 
sustain  a  living  and  mget  the  demands 
of  an  unsatisfied  merchant.  He  brings 
you  new 
latest 
styles  of  goods  and  brings  prices  at 
times  that  no  mail  order  would  get  from 
the  house.  He  makes  your  place  of 
business  from  once  to  twice  a  month  to 
convey  to  you  the  latest  reports 
in  re­
gard  to the markets.  The hotel  being  his 
only  home, try  to  make  your  store  pleas­
ant  for  him  and  yourself  courteous  to 
him,  so  that  when  he  leaves  you  he  will 
have  a  thoroughly  sincere  brotherly feel­
ing  for  you.  Always  welcome  him.  You 
are  never  too  busy  to  pass  the  time  of 
day,  as  it  is  a  great  deal  better  than  to 
turn  a  cold  shoulder  to  him.  He  may 
is  worth 
convey  to  you  news  which 
in  busi­
money  to  you,  and  as  you  are 
ness  for  the  money  there 
is 
in 
it,  I 
say  always  hail  the  traveling  man  cor­
dially.

ideas  on  different  subjects 

Next  to  the  traveling  man,  welcome 
another  friend— the  trade  journal.  The 
subject  matter  is  brought  from  various 
cities,- that  you  may  know  the  situation 
of  the  markets.  Always  read  the  trade 
papers,  as  you  will  find  news  which  is 
worthy  of  your  time,  as  no  man  can  be 
too  well  posted  in regard to his business. 
Do  not 
lay  them  away  or  throw  them 
into  the  waste-basket,  but  take  time  in 
reading  them  and,  when  done,  I  assure 
you  your  time  will have  been well spent. 
journals  and  trade  papers  give 
These 
the 
from 
some  of  the  best  merchants  in  the  coun­
try,  conveying  to  you  what  may  have 
cost  years  of  experience  and  a  volume 
of  money  on  their  part,  that  you  may 
gain  by  their  knowledge.  By  no  means 
destroy  a  trade  paper  or  journal  until 
you  know  its  contents,  for,  if  you  do, 
you  are  wasting  money. 
I  would  ad­
vise  either  old or  young  to  subscribe  for 
a  good  trade  paper;  pay  for  it,  read  it, 
follow  its  advice,  and  success  is  yours.
One  more.matter  I  wish  to  lay  before 
you,  and  that 
in  regard  to  credit. 
Should  you  extend  the  same,  be  sure 
that  the  person  is  all  right  and worthy of 
credit.  Should  a  stranger  ask  you 
for 
credit,  you  should  ask  him  for  refer­
ence 
in  regard  to  his  qualifications  to 
pay.  You  are  not  asking  any  more 
than  such  should  be  willing  to  do  and 
a  person  who  will  not  furnish  references 
is  not  worthy  of  credit.  Never  extend 
credit  to  one  who  owes  you  one  dollar 
and  can  not  pay,  but  makes  all  kinds of 
promises;  in  fact,  keep  as  near  cash  as 
possible.

is 

Give  undivided  attention 

to  your 
business,  live  within  your  income,  buy 
for  cash  and  sell  as  nearly  for  cash  as 
possible,  treat  the  traveling  man,  trade 
journal,  wholesale  merchant,  and,  espe- 
cially,  your  customers— in  fact,each  and 
everyone  who  may  enter  your  store— 
with  courtesy  and  respect,  and  success 
as  a  grocer  will  be  with  you.

O.  P.  DeWitt.

such  instruction  at  the  present  time,  as 
I  think  it  is  needed  among  the  old  as 
well  as  the  young.

. 

I

The  grocery  business,  as  well  as  other 
lines  of  trade,  demands  system.  No 
man  can  make  a  success  unless  he  has 
a  system,  and  the  better  the  system, 
the  better  the  success.  By  all  means 
adopt  and 
live  up  to  a  system,  that  at 
all  times  you  can  adapt  yourself  to  the 
best  wants  of  your  business.  Notice 
the  vast  amount  of  business  some  men 
will  accomplish  over  others.  If  you  will 
investigate  the  business  habits  of  those 
men  you  will  find  they  have  a  system 
which  they  work  to,  and  success  is  as­
sured.

One  great  success  in  business depends 
on 
location.  Be  sure  and  locate  your 
business  near  the  center  of  the  busiest 
part  of  your  city  or  town ;  in  fact,  try 
and  get  in  the  way  of  the  people  so they 
will  not  have  to  put  themselves  to  the 
finding  you.  Make  your
trouble  of 

be  offered  the  first  chance  to  obtain  the 
bargain,  which  you  can  sell  at  a  re­
duced  price  and  then  obtain  a  good 
profit.

I  do  not  favor  what  we  call  a  “ Cutter 
and  Slasher.”   While  he  demoralizes 
trade  and  creates  disturbance,  he  has 
nothing  to  show  for  his  work  in the end, 
unless  it  is  failure.

See  that  you  have  fixtures  up-to-date 
and  keep  them  in  good condition.  Make 
them  attractive  and  see  that  they  are  of 
exact  measure  and  weight.  Keep  your 
scales 
in  good  condition,  as  they  turn 
money  in  and  out  of  your  pocket.  Do 
not  sell  seventeen  ounces  when  you  only 
agree  to  give  a  pound,  and  likewise  do 
not  give  fifteen  ounces  and  call  it  a 
pound,  as  it  will  be  found  out  and 
in 
time  will  work  ruin  in  your  business. 
Also  use  measures.  Do  not  allow  your 
clerks  to  measure  a  peck  or half a bushel 
in  a  bushel  basket  and  say  that  it  is 
near  enough.  Turn  the cheese.  Do not

M I C H I G A N   T R A D E S M A N

6 9

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Wholesale  Dealers  in

F R U IT S ,  NUTS,  P R O D U C E ,

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P O U L T R Y ,   V E A L ,   E T C .
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Both  Phones  660. 

G R A N D   R A P ID S ,  M ICH.

249-263 So.  Ionia St. 
Wm. Brummet & Sons,

GRAND  RAPIDS,  MICHIGAN

M A N U F A C T U R E R S

Tinware and  Sheet 
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For  neatness  in  fit  and  choice  dressy 
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Now  is  the  Time  to  Purchase  Your  Fall  Line  of  j t   jt,

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7 n

M I C H I G A N   T R A D E S M A N

coaches  and  the  passengers  was  con-1 
sidered  worthy  of  a  self-coupler  which 
took  up  the  slack  as  the  link  and  pin 
did  not,  thus  not  only  insuring  safety  to 
the  employe,  but 
in  case  of  accident, 
derailment  or  collision  was  in  a  great 
measure  the  preventive  of  telescoping. 
It  also  added  much  to  the  comfort  of 
travel  by  largely  doing  away  with  those 
terrible 
jolts  experienced  when  trains 
were  started  or  stopped.

The  air  brake  was  in  existence,  in  a 
manner,  as  unreliable 
in  action  as  it 
was  crude  in  construction,  as  compared 
with  those  of  to-day.  At  that  time  it 
was,  in  case  of  failure  to  act,  supple­
mented  by  hand  brakes.  Now,  in  case 
of  accident  to  any  of  its  parts,  it  may 
to  work  best;  wheels  are 
be  said 
it  insists  upon  proper  re­
stopped  and 
pairs  and  restored  usefulness. 
For­
merly  its  application  to  different  parts 
of  the  train  was  uneven  and  the  cause 
of  frequent  accidents  from  trains  break­

bring  relief  from  annoying  jars and  ma­
terially  lessen  danger  to  life  and  limb.
On  some  of  the  overland  trains  one 
can  travel  a  week  and  scarcely  miss  a 
single  comfort  afforded  by  the  first-class 
hotel;  seventeen  years  ago  a  berth  in  a 
comparatively  undeveloped  Pullman and 
the  railroad  lunch  counter  were  his 
lot 
on  such  a  trip.

Formerly  the  dusts  of summer  and  the 
blasts  of  winter  met  no  vestibules  to 
block  their  entrance.  The  only  question 
on  the  part  of  railway  managers  to-day, 
in  this  respect,  is  what  supplementary 
convenience  or  luxury  can  be  added— 
whether  this  is  to  be  attributed  to  their 
anxiety  to  furnish  the maximum of  com­
fort  to  those  who  pay  or  to  advertise 
their 
line  as  being  in  the  advance  of 
all  others  can  not  so  easily  be  deter­
mined !  Whatever  the  motive  the  bene­
fit 
is  reaped  by  the  traveling  public, 
who  expect  the  best  and  are  willing  to 
pay  for  it.

R A I L W A Y   T R A F F I C .

T h e   D evelopm en t«  o f  th e  P ast  Seventeen 

Y  ears.

In 

fact 

launched,  for  changes 

looking  over  the  seventeen  years 
which  have  elapsed since the Tradesman 
was 
in  railroad 
construction,  operation  and  manage­
ment,  the  retrospect  at  once  develops 
the 
that  during  all  those  years 
there  has  been  no  new  or  novel  change 
in  the  matter  referred  to.  Development 
and  evolution,  one  and  the  same  thing, 
have,  however,  made  so  many  and  such 
important  strides  in  almost  every  direc­
tion  respecting 
the  mechanism  by 
which  the  commerce  of 
land  is 
mainly  handled  that  much  of  it  seems 
more  than  an 
improvement  upon  old 
methods.

the 

At  the  beginning  of  this  period,  ap­
proximately,  iron  rails  were  still  the 
main  reliance  of  all  but  the  few ;  now 
no  road 
is  poor— we  might  better  say 
rich—enough  to  use  them.  When  their 
life  was,  say,  five  years  and  their  cost 
sixty  dollars  per  ton,  the  steel  rail  now 
has  for  the  same  traffic  an  almost  un­
determined 
length  of  service.  Fifty- 
five  pounds  per  yard  was  the  standard 
of  iron,  while  now  its  successor  weighs 
as  high  as  ninety  pounds.

least,  an 

The  wooden  tie 

is  still  with  us  de­
inventors  and 
spite  the  endeavors  of 
practical  men  to 
find  a  satisfactory 
substitute  for the  reasonably  satisfactory 
but  increasingly  expensive  wooden  ar­
ticle,  the  demand  for  which  has  done 
so  much  forest  robbery.  Still,  there has 
been,  in  appearance  at 
im­
provement  by  squaring  their  ends  and 
making  them  of  uniform  length,  thus 
adding  to  the  appearance  of  the  track 
an  alignment  as  pleasing  to  the  eye  as 
doubtless  conducive  to  evenness 
of 
support  given,as well as  strain  received. 
Then  gravel  was  considered  the  proper 
material  for  the  roadbed,  but  for  econ­
omy  and  convenience  it  often  gave  way 
to  sand  or  the  soil 
adjacent 
ditches;  now  broken  stone,  which 
drains 
itself  perfectly  and  maintains 
the  rigidity  of  tie  and  rail  evenly  and 
firmly,  takes the  place  of  the  earlier  and 
less  satisfactory  material.  In  those  days 
dust  was  accepted  as  a  matter of course ; 
now  a  dressing  of  cheap  oil  reduces  the 
nuisance  to  a  minimum  if  not  to  an  un­
known  quantity.  Note,  too,  in  many 
places  the  neatly  sodded  banks,  the  sta­
tion  grounds  adorned  by  architectural 
efforts  supplemented  by  shrubbery  and 
flowers.

from 

loss  to 

The  switch  and  railroad  crossings 
were  there,  crude  but,  so  long  as  human 
intelligence  was  not  in  fault,  safe,  su­
perseded  now 
in  many  places  and  on 
many  roads  with mechanically improved 
and  automatic  acting  articles  which 
either 
lead  the  reckless  or  wrongly  in­
structed  engineer  on  a  long  siding  or 
safely  land  his  train  in  the  sand  or  soil 
in  such  manner  as  to  result  in  the 
least 
damage  and  give  him  an  opportunity, 
through  timely  notice,  to  reduce  danger 
and 
little  or  none  whatever. 
This  being  only  one  of  the  few  adapted 
contrivances  where  mechanical  arrange­
ments  are  superior  to  human  intelli­
gence,  care  and  oversight,  now  the 
railroad  car—freight,  baggage  or  pas­
senger— which  is  not  equipped  with  a 
modem  self-coupler,  which  is  but  a  de­
velopment  of  the  original  idea,  runs  in 
plain  defiance  of  a  National  law,  which 
may  well  be  regarded  of  more  benefit 
than  any  one  other  of  the  many  legal 
enactments  upon 
Cars 
were  then  coupled  with  the  old-fash­
ioned  mankiller, 
link  and 
the
pin,  except  that  the  safety  of 

like  matters. 

loose 

the 

resigns  himself contentedly  to  the  hands 
of  the  officials,  who,  if  he  is  not  too  ob­
stinate,  will  hardly  allow  him  to  go 
astray,  however  much  he  may  try  to 
thwart  their  good  intentions.

in 

subsequent 

the  breach. 

formerly,  mere 

care.  Originally 

The  shipment  of  freight  of  all  kinds 
to  any  civilized  part  of  the  globe  is  un­
dertaken  with  a  confidence  which  is  the 
result  not  only  of  much  forethought  but 
of 
all 
freight  arriving  at  the  termini  of  a  road 
was  transferred  to  the  connecting  line 
usually  by  drays—this,  by  the  way,  was 
rather  more  than  seventeen  years  ago. 
The  next 
improvement  was  to  run,  by 
special  agreement  and  consent,  a  full 
carload  to  its  destination,  the  road  own­
ing  the  car  charging  for  its  use  while 
absent  $2  per  day.  Now  to  suggest 
reloading  a  car  in  transit  except  in  case 
of  accident  would  raise  a  howl  of  deri­
sion which  could  be  heard  across  a  city. 
It  goes  to  the  destination  of  its  contents 
and  one-half  cent  per  mile  run  is  paid 
by  each  company  hauling  it,  as  rent  to 
the  owner. 
It  may  be  loaded  home  or 
it  may  not,  the  rule  being  to  load  it  to­
is  often 
wards  home,  but  one  which 
honored 
It 
is  often 
months  absent,  each  company  account­
ing  to 
its  owner  by  monthly  reports 
showing  mileage  made  and  acknowl­
edging  a  readiness  to  honor  a  draft  for 
the  amount  earned  as  a  rental.  A  bill 
of  lading  with  a  through  rate  to destina­
tion  is  issued,  which becomes  a  contract 
instead  of,  as 
informa­
tion  as  to  what  the  rate  beyond  the 
initial  line  ought  to  be  and  which  was 
secured  by  enquiry  and  furnished  as  a- 
information  only.  No  one 
matter  of 
phase  of 
long  distance  shipments  is  of 
more  importance  than  that  covering  the 
certainty  of  the  rate  to  be  charged  to 
points  at  home  and 
in  foreign  parts. 
Each  tolerably  well-equipped  office  is 
now  ready  to  contract  for  such, and  with 
few  overcharges,  as  compared  with  the 
old-time  arrangements,  but  which,  be  it 
said  to  the  discredit  of  the  contracting 
road,, are  needlessly  slow  of  settlement. 
This 
is  where  but  little  improvement 
has  been  made,  although  the  field  is 
large  and  no  Edison 
like  genius  re­
quired 
to  suggest  simple  modes  of 
reaching  the  long  and  much,on  the  part 
of  shippers,  desired results.  Why  should 
the  holder  of  a  proper  bill  of  lading, 
which  states  explicitly  that  the  freight 
charges  to  destination  shall  be  a  cer­
tain  sum,  be  required  to  pay  more  and 
be  told  his  only  remedy is  to present  his 
bill  of 
lading  and  receipt  for amount 
paid  to  the  head  of  some  department for 
adjustment  and  a  refund  at  some  future 
time,  as 
is  customary?  The  time  of 
the  payment of  such  claims  is  one of  the 
uncertain  matters  connected  with  the 
freight  departments  of  the  different 
roads.  There  may  be  exceptions  to  the 
rule,  but  they  are  not  numerous  enough 
to  attract  the  commendation  they  de­
serve.  Would  some  head  of  a  depart­
ment  pay  a  grocer's  or  tailor’s  bill  ac­
knowledged  to  be  wrong, and be satisfied 
with  the  explanation  of  the  cashier  that 
he  knew  it  to  be  wrong  but  he  could  not 
deliver  the  groceries  or  suit  until  the 
bill 
its  present  state  was  paid,  the 
cashier  promising  to  refer  the  matter 
to  the  proprietor  for  the  purpose  of  cor­
rection?  We  think  not.  Here is  an  op­
portunity  for  some  live  official  not  only 
to  correct  an  abuse,  but  to  make  the 
heavy  shipper  his  grateful  debtor  and 
permanent  customer.

in 

To  speak  of  another  subject,  almost 
daily  electricity  is  being  adopted,  in 
some  manner,  and  apparently  holds,  in 
the  near  future  at  least,  as  the  motive

on 

is  now 

its  successful  use 

ing  in  two.  This has been  remedied  and 
its  force 
evenly  distributed 
through  the  length  of  the  train,  thus  ad­
mitting 
long 
freight  trains  and  relegating  the  old- j 
time,  somewhat  picturesque  and  flirt- 
loving  brakeman 
into  obscurity  as  the 
handler  of  way  freight;  or,  it  has  lately 
been  suggested  that  he  be  promoted  to 
a  titular  position  as  assistant  conductor!
To  the  reader  of  middle  age  and  a 
tendency  to  baldness  it  is  hardly  neces­
sary  to  describe  the  evolution  of  the 
palatial  day  coach,  parlor  and  sleeping 
car  from  the  old-fashioned,  low-roofed 
passenger  car  with  its  small  w’indows, 
dim  oil  lamps,  wood  or  coal  stoves  and 
lack  of  transoms  for  light  and  ventila­
tion ;  they  are  too  familiar  with  modern 
improvements,  such  as  gas,  ventilation, 
steam  heat, 
libraries,  cafe  arrange­
ments,  barber  and  bath  rooms  and  at­
tendance,  as  well  as  the  light  wheeled 
trucks,  every  inch  and  pound  of  which

The  evolution  of  the 

locomotive  has 
been  equally  great,  but  almost  unno­
ticed  by  the  public. 
Injectors  have 
replaced  the.pump  which  clogged  with 
chips  or  sand  and  froze  at  most 
incon­
venient  times.  A ir  and  steam  relieve 
the  fireman  from  applying  hand  brakes, 
and  steam  rings  the  bell. 
Electric 
headlights  are  replacing  oil.  A  look in­
to  the  cab  reveals  a  multitude  of  ap­
pliances,  confusing  to  the  non-profes­
sional  beyond  measure,  every 
item  of 
which  adds  to  the  efficiency,  safety  or 
convenience  of  the  iron  monster.

Passengers  are  ticketed  by  any  route 
to  any  point,  almost,  at  home  or 
abroad,  when  a  few  years  ago  only  the 
larger offices  had  a 
limited  supply  of 
tickets  beyond  their  own line.  Through- 
route  designating  checks 
insure  bag­
gage  reaching 
its  destination  without 
intervention  of  the  omnibus  agent 
the 
at  each-junction  with  connecting 
lines. 
The  passenger  purchases  his  ticket and

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power,a  place  second  only  to steam,  and 
one  given  to  prophecy  in  such  matters 
might  reasonably  claim 
it  as  an  effi­
cient  and  complete  rival,  ii  not  the  con­
queror.  The  numberless  electric 
lines 
built  and  in  course  of  organization  and 
construction  are  demonstrating 
their 
ability  to  become  more  than  suburban 
and  are  stretching  their  wires  and  rails 
across  the  fields,  not  only  into  territory 
unoccupied  by  steam  roads,but  are  par­
alleling  them  as  competitors,  diminish­
ing  their  earnings  by  the  carrying  of 
competitive  traffic  and  materially  re­
ducing  the  rate  charges.  Eastern  roads 
are  already  adopting  the  electric  motor 
as  an  efficient  and  economical  substi­
tute  for  the  locomotive. 
.That,  some­
thing  positively  new  and  entirely  novel 
will  soon  present  itself  may  well  be  ex­
pected.  The  present  methods  and  con­
veniences  are  heavy  and  clumsy  com­
pared  with  many  other  mechanical  con 
trivances.  Still,  it  must  be  admitted 
that  the  modes  of  rail  locomotion  have 
been 
improved  upon  as  fully  as  any 
other  of  the  thousand  and  one  conven­
iences.  The  old-fashioned 
loom  and 
anvil  contained  the  germ  of  all  that  has 
come  to  their  aid,  the  present  plow  is 
but  the  crotched  stick  highly  developed 
and  our  fruits  and  vegetables  are  but 
improved 
specimens  of  their  acrid, 
gnarled  and  stringy  progenitors.

roadbed, 

cost  with  dividends  added,  and  not  so 
largely,  as  now,  by  the  simple  rule  of 
guessing  at  half  and  multiplying  by 
two.
It 

is  true  there  are  experts  who  pro 
fess  ability  to  separate  the  cost  of 
freight  from  passenger 
service  and 
equitably  to  divide  all  joint  expenses 
just  what  share  the  cost  and 
and  show 
maintenance  of 
telegraph 
station, 
advertising,  superintendence 
and  the  thousand  and  one  other  services 
should  be  apportioned  to  each.  Thei 
claims  are  unquestionably  unfounded 
and  an  exact  solution  of  the  difficulty 
might  show  results  astonishing  to  those 
who  pay  the  bills.  Possibly  one  might 
ride  at  one  cent  per  mile  and  pay  twice 
the  rates  now  charged  upon  freight;  or 
the  reverse  might  be  the  case.  No 
doubt  approximation  has  been  reached ; 
but  nothing  more.  Earnest  and  capa­
ble  men  have  given  this  question  their 
best  efforts,  and  yet  there  are  none,  I 
think,  who  feel  any  certainty  as  to  re­
sults  reached.  Hundreds  of  difficulties, 
some  of  them  as  old  as  the  business, 
many  of  them  new  and  born  of  new 
needs  as  well  as  of  old  methods  revolu­
tionized,  are  being  daily  solved  while 
the  traveler  rides;  and  the  merchant 
and  manufacturer  ship  their  freight  as 
regardless  of  change  as  he 
is  of  the 
weather—his  trust 
in  the 
knowldege  that  he  must  accept  the  one 
as  well  as  the  other.

is  complete 

What  may  we  expect  for  the  future? 
More  substitution  of  mechanical  excel­
lence  must  be  made  to take  the  place  of 
gray  matter.  Can  the  sharp  eye  and 
cunning  hand  of  the  expert  engraver 
compete  with  the  engraving  lathe?  Ar­
guments  in  this  direction  can  be  made 
indefinitely,  hut  the  statement  of  the 
fact  is  ample  to  sustain  the  proposition 
Did  each  train  register  itself  at  every 
station  and  herald  its  approach  to  other 
trains,  as  well  as  to  stations  a  few 
miles  ahead,  the  train  dispatcher  would 
never  be  misled  in  one  manner at  least. 
Such  an  arrangement 
is  easily  within 
the  reach  of  the  electrical  engineer  or 
student.  Were  each  train  conductor  in 
telegraphic 
the 
dispatcher  and  stations,  train  collisions 
might  become  a  dream  such  communi 
cation  has  been  had  successfully;  ex 
perimentallv  only,  it  is  true,  yet,  with 
idea  developed  and  wireless  teleg­
the 
raphy  staring  us 
in  the  face,  it  may 
soon  be  as  common  a  matter  as  is  the 
interlocking  system  of  crossings  or  any 
other of  the  scores  of  safeguards  thrown 
around  travel  by  rail.

communication  with 

the 

Increase 

In  the  direction  of  speed  great  ad 
vances  have  been  made,  but  only  as 
fast  as  safety  appliances  have  been  pro­
vided. 
latter  and  the 
increasing  the  former  is  at 
means  of 
hand.  The  double 
track  systems  are 
as  yet  but a  part  of  the  single  track  and 
so  long  as  they  remain  such  but  a  por 
tion  of  tte  idea  is  available.  The  sec 
ond  tracx 
is  laid  as  closely  to  the  first 
is  possible.  Suppose  the  track  in 
as 
one  direction 
isolates  from  all  others, 
no  switch  connections  to  he  left  open  or 
wrongly  set,  none  but  trains  in  the  one 
direction  allowed  thereon,  and  a  block 
system,  or  train  telegraphy  to  supple­
ment,  with  all  freight  trains  relegated 
to  still  another  track— under  such  con­
ditions,  with  all  that  is  modern 
incor 
porated,  absolute  safety  might  be  ap­
proximated.  With  such  lines  of  four  or 
more  tracks,  some  interesting  problems 
in  railway  figures  might  be  solved. 
It 
would  then  be  possible  to  ascertain  how 
much 
it  costs  to  carry  a  passenger or  a 
ton  of  freight  a  given  distance;  tariffs 
for  freight  and  passenger  service  might 
be  made  upon  a  basis  represented  by

The  changes  made  in  the  way  of  con 
solidating  the 
lesser  lines  into  or  with 
greater ones  are  as  yet  an  undetermined 
factor  of  the  future.  They  furnish  bet­
ter  facilities  in  all  respects,  but  where 
their control  is  used,  as  it  often 
is,  for 
the  benefit  of  the  few  whose  profits  are 
made  by  stock  and  bond  manipulations, 
rather than  by  great  care  for  all 
inter­
ests,  the  two  being  usually  in  entirely 
different  hands,  the  former  being  pro­
prietory,  the  other  that  of  management 
and  special  control,  subordinated  and 
subject  to  the  devious  ways  of  specu­
lating  holders of a  controlling  portion  of 
securities,  evils  from  this  source  are 
perhaps 
lessening— perhaps  they  are 
not. 
If  consolidations  are  determined 
by  care  to  provide  the  greatest  good 
for  the  greatest  number  then  they  must 
and  will  continue. 
is 
true  the  greater  lines  must  fall  apart 
and  resume  their old  place  as  individ­
ual  factors  in  the  question.  Time,  and 
time  only,  can  definitely  determine.
We  may  all  have  our  opinions  as  to the 
final  outcome,  but  more  than  one  life­
time,  it 
is  probable,  will  be  needed  to 
verify  or  prove  them  wrong.  The  mil­
lennium 
in  this  direction  is  not  to  be 
expected  at  once.  To  have  it  would  be 
such  a  shock  that  faith  in  the  ability  of 
our  imagination  to  realize  what  is  in 
store  for  us  would  be  lost.  We  can  only- 
wait  and,  by  waiting  only,  learn  what 
changes  the  future  has  in  store  for  the 
subject  considered. 

If  the  reverse 

A.  M.  Nichols.

R ats  Cause  Fires.

A  Boston  fire  insurance  company  re­
cently made an  interesting  investigation 
to  discover  if  possible  whether  there 
is 
any  reason  for  the  popular  belief  that 
rats  and  mice  set  fires  by  gnawing 
matches.  The  experiment  covered  a 
period  of  three  months. 
Rats  and 
mice,  singly,  or  several  at  a  time,  were 
confined 
containing 
matches  of  various  kinds  and  cotton 
waste.  The  mice,  no  matter  how  hungrv 
they  were,  never  gnawed  the  matches, 
but  the  rats  set  several  fires,  the  sulphur 
matches  being 
in  each  case  the  instru­
ment.

cages 

iron 

in 

Go  to  a  friend  for  advice,  to  a  stran­
ger  for  charity,  and  to  a  relative  for 
nothing.

D EPARTING  SALMON.

W hy  th e  F ish  Is  G etting  Scarce  in  E ng­

land.

British  fish  dealers  as  well  as  British 
anglers  have  become  aiarmed  at  the 
rapid  diminution  of  the  catch  of  salmon 
in  British  rivers.  They have petitioned 
the  Board  of  Trade  to  investigate  the 
causes  of  the  decrease  of  the  salmon 
and  to  find  some  method  for  increasing 
the  supply  and  a  Royal  Commission 
has  been  appointed  to 
into  the 
whole  matter.  This  step  not  without 
reason  excites  the  fears  of  Mr.  Horace 
Hutchinson,  for  Royai  Commissioners, 
'ike  the  mills  of  the  gods,  grind  slowly 
and  the  results  are  often  exceeding 
small.  He  thinks  the  salmon  may  be­
come  extinct  before  the  Royal  Commis­
sion  gets  ready  to  report,  and  in  an  ar­
ticle  in  the  Fortnightly Review suggests 
steps  that  may  be  taken  at  once  to 
preserve  the  fish  for  Britain.

look 

The decrease  of the salmon is admitted 
on  all  sides,  but  there  is  a  divergence 
of  views  about  the  cause,  turning natur- 
lly  on  the  opposing 
interests  of  the 
persons  affected.  Those  who 
supply 
the  market  by  netting  the  fish  ascribe 
the  deficiency  to  the  caprice  of  the  sal­
mon,  which  runs  in  greater numbers 
in 
some  years  than  it  does 
in  others,  and 
for  its  whims  they  seek  reasons  in  con­
ditions  in  the  ocean  and  not  in  the  riv 
ers,  as  for  instance  the  prevalence  or 
scarcity  of  herring,  or  unusual  preva­
lence  of 
icebergs.  They  hold  that  if 
they  did  not  net  the  fish  it  would  be 
lost  to  man  on  its  return  to the deep sea. 
The  rod 
fishers  of  the  upper  salmon 
streams,  on  the  other  hand,  are  agreed 
that  the  fish 
is  being  exterminated  by 
the  greed  of  the  netters  at  the  rivers 
mouths,  who  will  not  spare  the  salmon 
even  when  it  seeks its breeding grounds. 
This  is  Mr.  Hutchinson’s  opinion,  too, 
although  he  admits  that  netting  within 
limits  is  absolutely  necessary  if 
proper 
salmon 
is  to  continue  as  a  staple  food 
for  Great  Britain.  He  brings  together 
many  facts,  some  not  generally  known, 
n  support  of  his  proposition.
The  salmon 

is,  in  the  first  place,  a 
fish  of  eminently  regular  habits. 
It  is 
no  vagrant,  but  returns  year  after  year 
to 
its  own  particular  river  to  breed. 
This  is  shown  by  the  fact  that  marked 
salmon  have  been  found  repeatedly  in 
the  rivers  where  they  were  first  caught, 
while  no  such  salmon  has  ever  been 
taken  in a  different  river.  The  salmon, 
moreover,  enters  fresh  water  rivers  for 
the  sole  purpose  of  spawning  and  dur 
ing  that  process  fasts  the  whole  time.
Dr.  Kingston  Barton,  who  has  made  a 
investigation  of  the  salmon's 
searching 
stomach, 
finds  that  the  catarrh  which 
has  been  noted 
in  fish  found  in  fresh 
water  is  due  entirely  to  decomposition 
after  death  and  occurs  as  well  in  fish 
coming  straight 
In  a 
freshly  killed  fish  there  is  no trace  of  it. 
Food  is  rarely  found  in  the  intestines  of 
salmon  caught 
in  fresh  water,  whereas 
the  fish  just  in  from  the feeding grounds 
its  stomach  gorged,  usually  with 
has 
herring,  the  salmon’s  natural  food. 
It 
's  so  voracious  that  if  it  fed  in  fresh 
water  it  would exterminate very soon  the 
samlet  and 
fresh  trout  in  the  stream. 
The  Royal  Commission  must  study  her­
ring,  too,  before 
it  will  find  out  what 
ails  the  salmon.

from  the  sea. 

Dr.  Heincke,  of  Helgoland, who  stud­
ied  the  herring,  says  that  they  move 
about  in  great  shoals,  coming  in  shore 
to  bred  and  going  to  deep  water to feed, 
but  that  each  herring  sticks  to  its  own 
shoal  and  that  each  shoal  keeps  to  its 
own  grounds  for  breeding  and  feeding

there 

purposes.  Some  shoals  deposit  their 
eggs 
in  spring  and  others  in  the  au­
tumn.  Most  probably  the  salmon  fol­
low  the  herring,  which  would  a c c o u n t  
for  the  spring  and  autumn  runs  of  the 
salmon,  and 
it  may  be  even  that  the 
same  salmon  stick  steadily  to  the  same 
shoal  of  herring.  At  any  rate  they  come 
to  the  estuaries  only  when 
is 
plenty  of  fish,  and  after  they  are  well 
fed,  if  there  is  water  enough  in  the  riv­
ers,  they  work  their  way  up  to  the  head­
waters.  Dr.  Barton,  after  examining  the 
nsides  of  the  fish  at  all  seasons  of  the 
ear,  asserts  that  the  ovaries  and  milt 
are  invariably  small  in  February,but in­
crease  each  month  and  that  the  late 
autumn  and  winter  are  the  salmon’s 
natural  spawning  season.  This 
leads 
to  Mr.  Hutchinson’s  remedy,  namely  a 
close  season  for  salmon,  beginning  with 
the  autumn  run,  a  period  when  the  flesh 
is  poor  to  the  taste  and  the 
of  the  fish 
salmon 
is  besides  hard  to  keep.  He 
would  also  have  the  destruction  of  kelts 
or  samlet  forbidden,  and  shows  that 
the  infant  salmon  do  not  prey  on  sma.. 
fish;  he  would  also  have  restrictions 
put  on  the  capture  of  grilse,  the  young 
salmon  from  the  sea.

In  the  artificial  propagation  of  sal­
mon,  Mr.  Hutchinson  has 
little  faith. 
He  refers  to  unsuccessful  experiments 
n  Great  Britain,  and  dismisses  the 
achievements  of  the  United  States  Fish 
Commission  rather  cavalierly  on 
the 
ground  that  the  American  salmon  is  not 
the  salmon  of  the  British  Isles.  His 
plea  is  for  haste.  Even  although  arti­
ficial  reproduction  is  successful  it  takes 
years  to  bring  a  salmon  to  maturity,and 
the  destructive  processes  of  nature  at. 
such  that  from  a  hundred  thousand  eggs 
successfully  hatched  only  one full-grown 
fish  may  survive.  Meanwhile  the  net­
ters  are  destroying  more  fish  than nature 
and  the  Fish  Commissions  can  produce, 
and  he  sees  the  extinction  of  salmon, 
save  as  a  rarity,  in  the  near  future.

Mr.  Hutchinson  may  be  taking  too 
gloomy  a  view  of  the  salmon  question, 
but  the  danger  he  points  out  is  real. 
The  example  of  the  fur  seal  and  of  the 
buffalo  shows  how  quickly  blind  com­
mercial  greed  can  get  the  better  of  na­
ture’s  power  of  production.  The  en­
dangering  of  the  existence of the British 
salmon  by  the  netting 
industry  may 
serve  as  a  needed  warning  to  the  can- 
ners  of  the  Pacific  coast,  who  are  de­
stroying  recklessly  what  should  be  a 
boundless  source  of  food.  The  salmon 
catch 
in  Oregon  and  British  Columbia 
is  reported  to  be  a  million  cases  less 
than 
last  year’s  catch,  a  deficiency  that 
may  be  reduced  if  Alaska  does  as  well 
as  last  season.  At  best  the world’s  sup­
ply  this  year  will  be  only  2 ,4 0 0 ,0 0 c  
cases  instead  of  the  3 ,1 0 0 ,0 0 0   cases 
in 
1899,  which  were  all  consumed.— N.  Y. 
Sun.

Nuts  For  Food  Purpose«

It 

is  said  that  the  nuts  of  the  world 
alone  could,  if  necessity  arose,  providt 
food  all  the  year around  for  a  total  pop­
times  greater  than  the 
ulation  three 
present. 
It  has  been  pointed  out  to  the 
Washington  Department  of  Agricultur 
that  Brazil  nuts  around  Para  grow  in 
r,fC*r.  Pro*us,on  that  thousands  of  tons 
t  them  are  wasted  every  year;  with  co- 
anuts  it  is  the  same  in  many  centers, 
uts  ground  in  various  ways  are  rapid-
dirt^Ti!!^  -int?  iavor>  and 
is  Pre­
dicted  that  in  the  near  future  nut  flour
will  compete  successfully  with  wheaten

lt 

Not  to  H is  L ikin g.

Bobby  dear,  wouldn’t  you  like  to  be 

a  missionary  when  you  grow  up?
An  g n e t!  Not  on  ybur  life !

M I C H I G A N   T R A D E S M A N

73

i No  Kansas  Wheat i

y w w w w w w w w w w w w v w w w iw v ^

The  Pi I lsbury-Washburn 
Flour  Mills  Co.,  Ltd.

Minneapolis,  Minn.,  U. S. A.

IS  NOT  USING  Kansas  Wheat  and 
DOES  NOT  INTEND  to  use  Kansas  Wheat. 

The  facilities  possessed  by this  Company  for securing- ample  quantities  and  the  finest  qualities  of 
strictly pure  northwestern  grown  S pring  W heat are  such  as to  enable  it to  absolutely  guarantee 
its  flour to  be  made exclusively  from  Spring  Wheat,  no  Kansas  Wheat whatever being used by it.

;

i 

Pillsbury’s  Best  IS the  Best

AFFIDAVIT:

Henry  L.  Little,  being duly  sworn,  deposes  and  says that  he  is the  manager  of the  Pillsbury- 
Washburn  Flour  Mills  Co.,  Ltd.,  and  that this company  does  not  use  and  does  not  intend  to  use 
Kansas  Wheat  in  the  manufacture  of its  Flour. 

H E N R Y   L.  L IT T L E .

Subscribed and sworn to before me this 8th day of August,  1900.  FR A N K   H.  SM ITH,  Notary  Public.

_ 

CLARK=JEWELL=WELLS  CO.,  Distributing  Agents for  Western  Michigan

7 4

M I C H I G A N   T R A D E S M A N

them  through  their  political  inactivity 
and  indifference.

The  breadth  and  depth  of  this  ques­
tion  of  taxation  should  be  appreciated 
by  all  our citizens. 
“ It  is  not  a  ques­
tion  between  the  rich  and  the  poor,  the 
merchant  and  the  farmer,  the tax dodger 
and  the  honest  tax  payer ;  it  is  a  ques­
tion  of  the  wellbeing  and  happiness  of 
every  citizen  of  the  commonwealth,  no 
matter  what  his  occupation  may  be,  no 
matter  what  be  the length of his  purse. ’ ’
involves  both  the  life  and 
morals  of  the  state.  The  examination 
of  the  systems  of  taxation  in  American 
states  and  cities  shows  them  to  be  un- 
progressiv,e  and  entirely 
in 
definite  design  or  plan  except  In  what 
is  known  as  the  gfeneral  property  tax, 
or  the  attempted  uniform  taxation  of  all 
classes  of  property  upon  an  assessed 
valuation  by  local  assessors.

Taxation 

lacking 

In  most  industrial  states,  the  system 
of  taxation  prevailing  is  a  cnaos.  Un­

PR O BLEM   OF  TAXATION.

it s   In tim a te   R ela tio n   to  B usiness  and 

P ro sp erity.

Government  of  the  people, 

for  the 
people  and  by  the  people 
is  expensive. 
The  taxes  paid  by  the  people  of  this 
country  for  state  and  local  purposes  ag­
gregate  about  four  hundred  millions  of 
dollars  annually.  This is  the  tribute  im­
posed 
for  the  rights  and  privileges  of 
state  and  local  government.  It is  a  large 
sum  of  money,  even  in  this  day  of  ag­
gregated  capital.  The  amount  is  stead­
ily  increasing.  There  is  no  escape  from 
it  by  the  people  as  a  whole. 
The 
amount  is  shamefully  excessive,  but  the 
legitimate  taxation  for  such  purposes 
must  be  borne.  The  problem  confront­
ing  the  people  at  this  time  is  the  just 
and  equitable  distribution  of  this  bur­
It  is  essentially  a  financial  prob­
den. 
lem  of 
importance  and 
therefore  appeals  with  special  force  to 
business  men—to the  Tradesman’s  read­
ers.

tremendous 

The  unprogressiveness  and  decay  of 
vigor  and  efficiency  in  state  and  local 
government 
is  the  most  humiliating 
criticism  of  foreign  observers  of  Amer­
ican  affairs.  Such  government  per­
tains  essentially  to  business  matters.
indifference  of  the  public 
generally  and  of  business  men  in  par­
ticular to  affairs  in  its  states,  cities  and 
counties  and  the  official  extravagance 
and  mismanagement  that  have  charac­
terized  them  are  matters  of  common 
knowledge.

Yet  the 

This  condition 

is  doubtless  due  in 
great  measure  to  the 
importance  at­
tached  to  National  affairs  during  the 
past  few  decades.  This period is marked 
by 
intense  public  absorption  in  federal 
affairs,  and  the  extension  of  the  govern­
mental  powers  of  the  Union 
in  all 
branches  in accord with national growth, 
and  corresponding  neglect  of  the  states 
and  cities,  especially 
in  matters  of 
finance.

equal  taxation. 
“ Let  every  man  bear 
his  share  according  to  his  strength, ” 
was  the  first  canon  of  such  taxation.

This  property  tax  was  based  upon  the 
sound  principle 
laid  down  by  Adam 
Smith,  that  the  subjects  of  every  state 
ought  to  contribute  towards  the  support 
of 
its  government  as  nearly  as  possible 
in  proportion  to  their  respective  abili­
ties.

It  was  assumed  that  a  man’s  property 
at  a  full  valuation,  uniform  with  other 
property  valuation,  was  a  fair  measure 
of  his  ability  and  obligation  to  contrib­
ute  to  the  support  of the government.  In 
an  early  day,  under  simple  industrial 
conditions,  when  substantially  all  prop­
erty  was  in  form  of  real  estate  and  tan­
gible  personalty,  this  was  a  reasonably 
fair test  of  ability  to pay taxes.  A man’s 
property  was  assessed  by  a local assessor 
familiar  with  his  property  affairs.  The 
essential  qualifications  of  such  assessor 
were  fairly  good  eyesight  and  the  abil-

It  would  be  obviously  necessary,  also, 
that  a  uniform  standard  of  full  value 
obtain  throughout  the  state  for equitable 
apportionment  of  state  taxes.

This  simple  system,  carefully  admin­
istered,  was  fairly  adapted  to  primitive 
industrial  conditions  and 
time 
when  the  burdens  of  state  and  local gov­
ernment  were  easily  borne.

to  a 

has  enormously 

During  the  period  refernd  to,  how­
ever,  a  complete  revolution  in  economic 
and 
industial  conditions  has  occurred. 
The  forms  of  property  have  changed 
and  multiplied.  Forms  and 
relative 
values  of  real  estate  have  materially 
changed.  Forms  of  tangible  personal 
property  have  changed  and  manifold 
forms  of 
intangible  elusive  personalty 
have  developed.  The  volume  of  per­
sonal  property,  as  compared  with  real 
increased. 
property, 
This  period 
the 
rapid  rise  of  corporations,notably  trans­
mission  companies,the  growth  of  wealth 
in  the 
forms  of  stocks,  bonds,  notes, 
mortgages  and  other  securities  and 
intangible  property,  the  de­
forms  of 
velopment  of 
large  incomes,  irrespec­
tive  of  accumulated  property  or  landed 
estates,  and  other  material  changes 
which  have  so  transformed  conditions as 
to  render  the  general  property  tax 
in­
efficient  and  inapplicable,  and  demand 
corresponding modifications and changes 
in  the  methods  of  apportioning  the  bur­
dens  of  taxation.

is  characterized  by 

Under  such  conditions,  property 

is 
not  a  general  measure  of  ability  to  pay 
taxes.  The  various 
forms  of  existing 
property  are  not  and  can  not  be  uni­
formly  assessed  or  even  assessed  at  all. 
Our  tax  is  applied  in  utter  disregard  of 
any  sound  principle  and.  as  a  rule,  is 
based  on  nothing  more  reliable  than 
arbitrary  guesswork.

Assessments, 

the  very  basis  of  the 
system,  are marked  by incapacity,  igno­
rance,  injustice  and  favoritism;  in fact, 
assessors  are  not  infrequently  charged 
with  aiding  in  undervaluation  of  prop­
erty.  Asessements  are  as  unlike  as  the 
“ complexion,, temperament  and  dispo­
sition  of  assessors.”

Inequality,  discrimination  and  un­
inevitably 
dervaluation  generally  and 
prevail 
in  the  assessment  of  the  prop­
erty  that  reaches  the  tax  rolls,  while  an 
enormous  portion  of  existing  property 
escapes  entirely.  The  apportionment  of 
state  taxes  to  counties  has  resulted  in 
a  system  of  competitive  unoervaluation 
among  assessors  for  the  purpose  of  se­
curing  local  advantage.

This  neglect  is  nowhere  more  appar­

ent  than  in  matters  of  taxation.

During  recent  years,  however,  public 
sentiment,  especially 
in  Michigan,  has 
been  forcibly  directed  to  the  subject  of 
state  and 
local  taxation,  creating  a 
pressing  and  widespread  demand 
for 
reform,  and  made 
it  the  live  business 
issue  of  our  time.  Although  in  our own 
State  the  definite  practical  results  that 
have  accrued  from  recent  agitation  are 
meager,  the  issue  is  firmly  fixed  in  the 
minds-of  the  people  and  will  not  down.
The  people  of  Michigan  will  solve 
this  problem  of  tax  revision  in  some 
way.  Whether  the  matter  of  solution 
shall  be  directed  by  fairness,  justice 
intelligence  will  depend  upon  the 
and 
in  control.  Like 
character  of  forces 
other  public  questions, 
it  will  be 
wrought  out  through  politics  under the 
direction  of  the 
influences  and  forces 
predominating 
in  the  practical  politics 
of  the  state.  The  changes  and  modifica­
tions  in  our  system  of  taxation  that  will 
occur  will  be  made  to  apply  directly  to 
the  various  classes  of  business  property 
not  fully  or  fairly  reached  under  our 
present  system,  and for  the  relief  of  real 
estate  and  tangible  personality  now 
bearing  a  disproportionate share  of  pub­
lic  burden.

Business  men  who  are  so  absorbed  in 
their  private  affairs  as  to  be  indifferent 
to  politics  or  who  affect  to disdain polit­
ical  effort  and  influence  should  realize 
that,  in  some  respects,  politics  is  busi­
ness  and  that  this  question  of  taxation, 
so  vitally  affecting  their  property  in­
terests,  will  be  decided  in  the  forum  of 
politics  and  possibly  with 
injustice  to

der  modern 
industrial  conditions,  the 
general  property  tax  is  a  practical  fail­
ure,  entirely  indefensible  and  advanced 
states  are  gradually  abandoning  it  or  at 
least  modifying  or  supplementing 
it 
with  other  methods.

This  failure  is  in  great measure trace­
industry 

able  to  the  radical  changes  in 
and  forms  of  wealth  in  recent  years.

Prior  to  the  Civil  War,  the  conditions 
of  life'and  industry  in  the  country  were 
comparatively  simple.  Property  existed 
largely 
in  simple  forms,  in  real  estate 
and  visible  tangible  personal  property. 
The  systems  of  taxation  gradually  de­
veloped  in  the  states  were  equally  sim­
ple  and  in  a  measure  adapted  to  exist­
ing  conditions  and  fairly  equitable  and 
just 
in  their operation.  The  assessing 
of  all  property  at  its  full  valuation  at  a 
uniform  rate  was  the  object  and  pur­
pose  sought  to  be  attained  by  the  meth­
ods  employed.  They  were  based  upon 
certain  fixed  recognized  prinicples  of

Comparatively 

I  ity  to  make  legible  letters  and  figures.
little  property  would 
escape,  and  where 
the  property  was 
known  not  only  to  the  assessor,  but  to 
the  owner’s 
indirectly 
affected  by  the  tax  upon  it,  approxi­
mately  fair  and  uniform  valuation  was 
comparatively  simple  and  easy.

neighbors, 

The  equity  and  justice  of  the  system 
depended  upon  two  things— uniform  as­
sessment  at  full  uniform  value  in  all 
taxing  districts  and  uniform  rates  of 
taxation.  Neglect  or  departure 
from 
either  condition  destroyed  equality  of 
taxation.  Equality  in  taxation  is  a  re­
sult  and  not  a  means.  With  unequal 
valuation,  equal  taxation  is  impossible. 
If  the  assessor  saw  all  the  property,  real 
and  personal,  put 
it  upon  the  roll  at  a 
uniform  standard  of  valuation,  at  uni­
form  rates,  the  result  was  fairly  equal 
taxation.  Neglect  or  failure  in  any  of 
these  particulars  eliminated  the  adjec­
tive  from  the  phrase  “ equal  taxation.”

No  administration  of  this  general sys­
tem  ever  has  or  ever  will  equalize  as­
sessment  valuation  or  reach  more  than  a 
portion  of  existing  property.

No  legislation  or  listing  systems  ever 
have  or  ever  will  be  devised  sufficiently 
severe  or  drastic  to  bring  about  equal 
assessment  or  reach  all  property  under 
the  general  property  tax.

Unmodified  or  unchanged,  it 

is  an 
eggregious,  palpable  failure,  so  recog­
nized  in  most  civilized  countries  of  the 
world  and  by  statesmen,  economists  and 
public  officials  in  our  own  country  who 
have  looked  into  the  question.  In  prac­
tice,  it  is  a  travesty  on  justice.

Professor  Seligman,  an  eminent  au­
thority  on  taxation,  describes  it  as  fol­
lows :

Practically,  the  general  property  tax 
as  actually  administered,  is  beyond  all 
doubt  one  of  the  worst  taxes  known 
in 
the  civilized  world.  Because  of  its  at­
tempt  to  tax 
intangible,  as  well  as 
tangible  things,  it  sins  against  the  car­
dinal  rules  of  uniformity,  of  equality 
and  of  universality  of  taxation. 
It  puts 
a  premium  on  dishonesty  and debauches

M I C H I G A N   T R A D E S M A N

Several Hundred Second=Hand

National  Cash  Registers, 
Taken  in  Part  Payment  for

Hailwoods,

For  Sale  Cheap

THIS  IS WHAT  DID  IT

Drop a Postal to

Hailwood  Cash  Register  Company

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7 6

M I C H I G A N   T R A D E S M A N

the  public  conscience;  it  reduces  de­
ception  to  a  system  and  makes a science 
of  knavery;  it  presses  hardest  on  those 
least  able  to  pay;  it 
imposes  double 
taxation  on  one  man  and  grants  entire 
immunity  to  the  next. 
In  short  the 
general  property  tax  is  so  flagrantly  in­
equitable,  that  its  retention  can  be  ex­
plained  only  through  ignorance  and  in­
ertia. 
It  is  the  cause  of  such crying  in­
justice  that 
its  alteration  or  its  aboli­
tion  must  become  the  battle  cry  of 
every  statesman  and  reformer.

Taxation  affects  all  our  people,  men, 
women  and  children,  in  ali  conditions 
and  avocations  of  life.  A  system  that 
operates  with  injustice  and  discrimina­
tion  can  not  and  should  not  long  be 
It  will  not  be,  when  public 
tolerated. 
attention  is  once  clearly  directed  to 
it. 
The  injustice  is  imposed  upon the small 
property  owner,  the  owner  of  visible 
property,  the  honest  man,  who  will  not 
evade,  women  and  children  who  can 
not.

Under  this  system, 

the  man  who 
evades  or  escapes  taxation  is  the  man 
most  able  to  contribute  to  the  support 
of  the  state.  The  property  that  eludes 
the  assessor  is  that  most  able  to  pay 
tribute. 
It  is  said  that  the  pubiic  con­
science  is  becoming  elastic  on  this  sub­
ject.  A  Congressional  Committee  who 
recently  investigated  this  subject  in  the 
District  of  Columbia  said :

It  would  be  a  better  expression  of  the 
truth  to  say  that  in  matters  of  taxation 
there  seems  to  be  very  little  public  con­
science  left  and  that  the  general  senti­
ment 
is  that  no  one  is  bound  in  honor 
or  honesty  to  pay  any  tax  that  he  can 
by  any  device  escape  from;  and  men 
whose  word 
is  as  good  as  their  bond, 
who  would  feel  themselves  disgraced  in 
depriving  a  private  creditor  of  a  penny 
of  his  due,  make  no  scruple whatever  in 
defrauding  the  Government  of  its  claim 
and  shirking  their  responsibility 
for 
what 
is  held  to  be  their  due  to  society 
in  return  for  the  benefits  they  receive 
from  society.

The  country 

is  still  ringing  with  a 
phi Hi pic  upon  this  subject,  from  which 
we  quote  the  following :

The*  men  who  have  wealth  must  not 
hide  it  from  the  tax  gatherer  and  flaunt 
it 
in  the  street.  Such  things  breed  a 
great  discontent.  All other men  are hurt. 
They  bear  a  disproportionate burden.  A 
strong  soldier  will  carry  the  knapsack 
of  a  crippled  comrade,  but  he  will  not 
permit  a  robust  shirk  to  add  so  much  as 
his  tin  cup  to  the  burden.  The  special 
purpose  of  my  address  is  to  press  home 
this  thought  upon  the  prosperous  well- 
to-do  people  of  our  communities,  and 
especially  of  our great  cities—that  one 
of  the  conditions  of  the  security  of 
wealth  is  a  proportionate  and  full  con­
tribution  to  the  expenses  of  the  state 
and  local  governments. 
It  is  not  only 
it  is  unsafe  to  make  a  show 
wrong  but 
in  our  homes  and  on  the  street  that  is 
not  made  in  the  tax  return.

This  quotation 

is  not  taken  from  an 
anarchist  speech  or  even  from  Governor 
Pingree,  but  from  Ex-President  Harri­
son,  one  of  the  sanest  and  ablest  men 
this  country  has  produced.  The  ques­
tion  of reform  is  upon  us. 
It  is  a  finan­
cial  question,  a  question  for  the  careful 
consideration  of  business  men, 
one 
which  should  be  solved  fairly,  intelli­
gently,  conservatively,  courageously.

The 

The  unequal 

limitations  of  a  single  article 
preclude  discussion  of  particular  modi­
fications  or  changes  and  confine  us  to  a 
few  suggestions.
Separation  of  State  and  Local Taxation.
valuation,  overvalua­
tion  and  escape  of  property  from  the 
rolls,  are  largely  the  result  of  inefficient 
methods,  of 
local  assessment  and  the 
competitive  valuation  arising  through 
the  desire  to  attain  advantage  for  local­
ities,  in  apportionment  of  state  reve­
nues.

The  separation  of  state  and  local  tax­
ation,  the  raising  of  state  revenues  by 
the  state  from  corporations  chartered  by 
the  state,  and  confining 
local  assess­
ment  of  property  to  real  estate  and  tan­
gible  personalty  for 
local  purposes  is 
the  first  and  principal  reform  suggested 
by  authorities  on  taxation  as  a  remedy 
for existing  evils.

The  assessment  of real  estate  and  tan­
gible  personalty, 
in  a  single  taxing 
district,  at  a  fairly  uniform  standard  of 
valuation,  and  a  uniform  rate  comes 
within  the  scope  and  ability  of 
local 
assessors  under  the  general  property  tax 
system,  while 
is  obvious  that  the 
state  can  more  effectively  reach  special 
and  elusive  forms  of  property  for  taxa­
tion  upon  a  basis  of  uniformity.

it 

The  existing  system  is  especially 

in­
adequate  for  taxation  of  corporate  and 
intangible  forms  of  property.  This  in­
disputable  statement  suggests  the neces­
sity  for  the  adoption  of  modified  or 
changed  methods  as  to  taxation  of  va­
rious  forms  of  such  property,  which  are 
simple,  direct,  equitable  certain  and 
imposing  a  moderate  and  fixed  burden 
from  which  there  can  be  no  escape,  thus 
supplementing  by  special  method  the 
general  property  tax.

Several  of  the  more  advanced  states, 
have  already  recognized  the  essential 
difference  between  corporate  property, 
especially  of  a  public  character,  and 
private  property  and  have  adopted  dif- 
erent  methods  for taxing it, most  of  them 
based  upon  what  is  termed  the  “ Unit 
rule  of  valuation” —the  assessment  of 
the  corporation  as  an  entity  or  upon 
earnings.

The  methods  for  raising  revenues  for 
state  purposes  and  for  the  relief  of  real 
estate  and  tangible  personalty,  usuallv 
suggested  by  taxation  authorities  and 
adopted  by  some  of  the  advanced  states 
in  taxation,  are  in  part  as  follows :

The  taxation  by  state  officials  of  cor­
porations,  especially  those  of  a  quasi­
public  character,  as  railroads  and  other 
transmission  companies,  gas  and  water 
companies,  etc.

The  basis  of  such  taxation  proposed 
and  as  put  into  practice  by  states  that 
attempt  to  realize  justice  in  taxation  is 
a  valuation  by  state  boards,  equivalent 
to  the  value  of  the  bonds  and  stock  of 
such  corporations—a  valuation  based  on 
earning  capacity  and 
including  fran­
chises;  or  a  fixed  tax  upon  gross  earn­
ings,  as 
in  our  state  in  the  taxation  of 
railroads.

The  principle  of  these  kinds  of  taxa­
tion,  recognized  by  states  and  sustained 
by  the  courts,  is  that  property  is  worth 
for  taxation  what  it  is  worth  to  sell  or 
to  earn  profits,  whether  it  exists  in  the 
form  of  real  estate,  visible  personalty, 
rights, 
franchises  or  anything  else  of 
value.

By  such  methods,  full  and  complete 
franchises,  are 
them 

valuations, 
easily  ascertainable,  and 
there  is  no  escape.

including 

from 

The  rates  of  taxation,  however,  under 
such  methods  are  generally  made  to cor­
respond  with  the  valuation  and  fixed  by 
law.  To  subject  property  so  valued  to 
rates  of  taxation  applied  to  property 
assessed under present local assessment is 
generally regarded  as  manifestly  unjust.
Rates  of  taxation  arc,  therefore,  made 
with  respect  to  the  method  employed, 
whether  valuation  upon bonds and stocks 
or  earning  capacity  or  upon the earnings 
themselves.

Other  special  methods  employed  are 

as  follows :

The  taxation  of  bank  stock  and  de­

posits  directly  by  the  state  at some fixed 
rate.

The  taxation  of  insurance  companies 

upon  value  of  stock  or  earnings.

Transfer  or 

inheritance  tax— a  fixed 
graduated  rate  on  estates  of  decedents.
Corporate  organization  tax  and  other 
special  methods  that  can  not  be  here 
enumerated.

Revenues  raised  by  the  state  through 
special  methods 
in  excess  of  its  needs 
can  easily  be  apportioned  among  the 
counties. 
The  expense  of  collecting 
revenues  by  such  methods  is  nominal 
and  there 
is  absolutely  no  escape  from 
them.

These  methods  of  valuation  with  the 
arbitrary  power to  fix  rates  of  taxation 
manifestly  place  such  property  at  the 
mercy  of  the  taxing  powers  of  the  state. 
Hence  the  universal  apprehension  on 
the  part  of  owners  of  corporate  property 
over  changes  suggested.

It  is  not  just  or  politic to exercise that 
power  unjustly  by  subjecting  such  prop­
erty  to  excessive  rates  of  taxation,either 
rates  fixed  by  law  or  “ uniform”   rates 
applied  to  other  property  at  a  much 
lower  valuation.

Corporate  forms  of  property  should 
and  must  be  subjected  to  a  proportion­
ate  share  of  public  burdens,  as  under 
modem  methods  of  taxation  they  easily 
can  be,  but  should  not  be  unfairly  or 
excessively  taxed.  The  methods  ap­
plied  should  subject  corporations  to  fair 
and  equitable  contribution,  not 
impose 
an  embargo  upon  business.

rate 

The  “ average 

Property  subjected  to  taxation  under 
a  rule  of  valuation  which  reaches  only 
part  of 
its  value,  may  have  very  just 
cause  of  complaint  when  subjected  to 
an  entirely  different  method  of  taxa­
tion,  from  which  no  element  of  value 
can  escape,  if  the  same  rate  is  retained.
of  taxation”  
throughout  the  state,  where  the  assessed 
value  of  property  is  but  a  small  portion 
of  the  real  value,  applied  to  a  full  val­
uation  of  a  single  class  of  property,  was 
what  made  the  famous  Atkinson  bill  in 
Michigan 
illegal  as  a  law  and  unsound 
in  principle.
Equal Taxation by Diversity of Methods.
The  common  phrase  that  a  man’s 
property  is  taxed  is  somewhat  mislead 
It  is  designed  to  tax  men  person­
ing. 
ally. 
It  is  the  individual  who  is  under 
obligation  to  the  state.  The  relations 
of  the  state  are  with  persons  rather than 
property. 
Property  may  perhaps  be 
more  accurately  regarded  as  a  rough 
measure  of  a  citizen’s  ability  to  con­
tribute  to  the  support  of  the  state  and 
his  obligation  to  the  state.  The  duty 
is  imposed  upon  the  individual.

If  viewed  in  this  light,  much  confus­
ion  will  be  avoided  in  the  considera­
tion  of  the  subject,  especially  as  to 
“ double  taxation’ ’  and  kindred  topics.
Equal  taxation  does  not  require  that 
all  kinds  of  property  be  taxed  by  the 
same  method;  indeed, 
the  attempt  to 
apply  one  method  to  all  kinds  of  prop­
erty  might  destroy  equal taxation.  D if­
ferent  kinds  of  taxes  are  expressly  pro­
vided  by  our  state  constitution  and  we 
have  two  general  classes  designated  as 
“ general  taxes”   and  “ specific  taxes.”  
It 
immaterial  what  or  how 
many  methods  are  applied  if the desired 
result  of  fair  and  equitable  contribu­
tion  according  to  ability  is  obtained.

is  entirely 

If  the  general  property  tax  of the state 
could  be  sucessfully applied  to  all  forms 
of  existing  property,  their  equal  taxa­
tion  would  thereby  be  attainab le.

If  it  is  not  and  in  practice  can  not  be 
so  applied,  then  diversity  of  methods  is 
not  only  advisable  but  essential to  equal

taxation. 
The  general  property  tax 
never  has  and  never  will  subject  all 
kinds  of  property  to  equal  contribution 
or  adequately  measure  the  ability  of 
property  owners  to  pay  taxes.

It  is,  therefore,  advisable  and  essen­
tial  to  equal  taxation,  while  retaining 
that  method  and  applying  it  to  real  es­
tate  and  certain  forms  of  tangible  per­
sonalty,  to  apply  other  methods  to  other 
classes  of  property  where  they  are  of 
such  character  that  special  methods 
constitute  better  measures  or  test  of 
their  owners’  ability  to  pay.

A  local  assessor,  if  honest  and  intelli­
gent,  can,  in  a  way  estimate  by  some 
fairly  uniform  standard  the  value  of  a 
man’s  farm,  his  horses  and  cattle  or  of 
a  house  and  lot,  and  thereby  determine 
approximately  the  comparative  ability 
of  their owners  to  pay  taxes,  who  can 
not  even  approximately  estimate  the 
ability  of  the  owners  of  a  gas  company 
to  pay  by  viewing  the  gas  tanks,  the 
land  on  which  they  rest,  and  sizing  up 
the  President  and  Secretary.  If  he  tries 
to  do  both,  the  former  will 
inevitably 
bear  a  disproportionate  share  of  the 
public  burdens. 
It  may,  therefore,  be 
essential  to  equality  of  taxation  to  let 
the  local  assessor assess  the  former  class 
and  apply  some  other  method  to  the  lat­
ter.

The  value  of  these  classes of property, 
so  entirely  different 
in  character,  can 
not  be  measured  by  the  same  standard 
any  more  than  gas  and  real  estate  can 
be  measured  by  the  surveyor’s  chain. 
The  one  may  be  measured  by  tangible 
property  value,  the  other  must  be  sub­
jected  to  a  special  method  based  upon 
earning  capacity  which  takes  in through 
one  resistless  sweep,  real  estate,  per­
sonal  chattels,  franchise  and  all  other 
forms  of  value.  The  only  requisite  to 
legality  and  practicability 
is  that  the 
method  be  applied  to all  property  of  the 
same  class  in  the  state.

Equal  taxation 

means.

is  an  end,  not  a 

The  farmer  who  insists  that  a  railroad 
he  taxed  by  the  same  method  that  his 
farm  and  stock  are  taxed  is  standing 
in  his  own  light  and  progressing  back­
wards.  To  be  consistent,  he  should  go 
back  to  Buck  and  Bright  and  the  har­
vest  sickle.

In  this  connection,  it  should  be  re­
membered  that  it  is  a  very  serious thing 
to  change  an  established  system  of  tax­
ation,  even  a  poor  one,  and  it should  be 
done  carefully,  cautiously,  intelligently, 
conservatively  but  courageously.  The 
political  agitator  may  serve  a  useful 
purpose 
in  arousing  public  sentiment 
upon  the  subject  of  tax  reform,  but  is 
apt  to  be  a  most  dangerous  man  to  d i­
rect  changes  in  an  established system.

Reform  is  change  but  change may  not 
be  reform.  Changes  in  methods and sys­
tems  of  taxation  to  conform  to  modem 
economic  conditions should  be  directed 
by  careful,  cautious, 
intelligent,  con­
servative,  practical,  courageous  men, 
skilled  and 
in  taxation  ques­
tions  and  possessed  of  practical  busi­
ness  and  political  experience.  When 
made,  they  should  operate  with  strict 
justice  to  rich  and  poor,  to  corporate 
and  individual  property.

learned 

As  new  forms  of  property  come  into 
existence  and  develop,  new  taxes  must 
be  laid,  not  necessarily  upon  the  prop­
erty,  but  upon  the  separate  sources  of 
new  wealth.  This course  must  continue 
until  the  theory  and  practice  of  taxation 
accord  with  existing  conditions.  What 
escapes  under  one  method  must  be 
reached  by another.

M I C H I G A N   T R A D E S M A N

7 7

Fairbanks»Morse  Gas  and 

Gasoline  Engines

Are  the  products  of  sixteen  years  of  constant  work  spent  in  research, 
experiment  and  development.  The  final  result  is  an  engine  that  is
ECONOMICAL,  SAFE,  DURABLE
and  simple,  and  the  only  En­
gine  that  embodies  all  these 
essential 
their 
fullest  extent.

features 

to 

The  adoption  of  gas  and 
gasoline  engines  is  rapidly 
increasing  and  the  demand 
will  still  further  increase  as 
fast  as  the  public  becomes 
better  acquainted  with  the 
many  advantages  they  pos­
sess.  Their  great  economy
convenience  e n t i t l e  
in 

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v  and 
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These  engines  are  built  in 
several  different  sizes —  all 
the  way  from  a 
up  to  a 
50-horse  power  and  even  larger,  and  can  be  used  for  a  large  number 
of  purposes.

Catalogues  mailed  on  application.  Correspondence  solicited.

A D A M S  &   H ART,

12  West  Bridge  Street,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.

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Made  of  the  best  material  to  be  found  on  the  market, 
w ith the m ost perfectly constructed bottom , allow ing every 
particle of cream and milk  to be drawn,  without disturbing 
the can,  thereby  preventing all liability  of rem ixing cream 
and milk after being separated, a point w hich  is utterly  im ­
possible  w ith any other separator  on  the  market. 
It  w ill 
do equaliv as g o  *d  work as  the  best  centrifugal  separator 
on  th*»  market costing from  $75 to $150 and can  be cleaned 
in  three - qu  rters  o f  the  tim e,  and  require’«  no  labor  nr 
strength  to  operate.  O n e   A g e n t   W a n t e d  
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T o w n .  L ib e r a l D is c o u n t s .

THE  LAWRENCE  MFG.  CO.,

Manufacturers  of  Dairy Supplies,

TOLEDO,  OHIO.

Concave Bottom
Patented August  15th  1893

Do your customers  want

Healthful  Pancakes

M attie  Mitchell  Self-Rising  Com   Flour

makes them.

Retails for  io cents;  25  per  cent,  profit.  Write  us  for  Free  Samples. 

Order trial  case from your jobber.

The  Mattie  Mitchell Co.,  Cleveland,  Ohio

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Brilliant  seif Making Gas  Lamp!

Third  Season  and  Still  in  the  Lead

Claims  That  Interest  Buyers

W e  don’t  claim  to  make  the 
cheapest  lamp,  but  we  do  claim  to 
make  the  best,  most  reliable  and 
practical lamp  in  the  market.

One  without  fault  or  objection, 
that  is  always  right  and  ready.
There  are  more  of  them  in  use 
than  all  other  Gasoline lamps com­
bined,  giving  perfect  satisfaction 
and  taking  the  place  of  thousands 
of  the  others  that  are  thrown  aside 
as  failures;  that’s  why  the  trade 
want  the  Brilliant  for  their  stores, 
their homes  and  to sell. 
It’s light, 
not  fixture,  that  is  wanted.

Brighter  than  Electricity,  Safer 

and  Better  than  Kerosene  or  Gas

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Start  it  right.  Don’t  be  misled  by 
impossible  claims  of  irresponsible 
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An  agent  wanted  in  every  town.

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Grand Rapids, 

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Alexander  Warm  Air  Furnaces \
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Are made  in  all  sizes  and  for  all  kinds  of 
fuel.  They have many  points  of  merit  not 
found  in  any  other  furnace  Our  tubular 
combination  hard  or  soft  coal  and  wood 
furnace is

Absolutely  Self  Cleaning

Before buying write  us  for  full  particulars. 
We  are  always  pleased  to  make  estimates 
and help our  agents  in  securing  contracts. 
When we have  no  agent  will  sell  direct  to 
the consumer at  lowest  prices. 
If  you  are 
in need of a good  furnace  write  us  at  once.

Alexander  Furnace &  Mfg.  Co.

420 Mill St. So. 

Lansing, Mich

7 8

M I C H I G A N   T R A D E S M A N

P IO N E E R   T A V E R N S .

F iv e   G rand  R ap ids  H otels  in   Existen ce 

Before  1850.

Grand  Rapids  from  its  infancy  has  a 
good  record  for  hospitality  in  taverns 
and  hotels.  In  this  semi-centennial  year 
of  the  city  it  is  well  to  remember  that 
with  only  five  hotels  prior  to  1850  the 
traveling  public  were  well  served  and 
entertained  by  large-hearted  and  gentle­
manly 
landlords,  even  although  not  in 
the  gilt-edged  style  of  this  day  and 
generation.  We  must  remember,  too, 
that 
in  the  village  days  there  were  no 
paved  streets,  only  a  small  part  even  of 
the  two  main thoroughfares being graded 
to  equal  a  fair  country  road.  The  cit­
izens,  however,  felt  proud  of  their  vil­
lage  and  its  taverns  as  well  as  trade,  as 
tokens  to  the  stranger  within  its  gates 
of  the  happy  progress  they  were  mak­
ing  toward  becoming  the  chief  town  of 
Western  Michigan.  The  settlement  was 
only  seventeen  and  the  village  only

Nevertheless, 

the  holders  of 

Taxation  of  Obligations  and  Securities.
The  taxation  of  notes,  mortgages  and 
other  securities 
in  the  hands  of  the 
holders  under  existing  methods  of  full 
face  valuation,  and  rates  uniform  with 
other  classes  of  property  inadequately 
valued,  never  has  been  and  perhaps 
never  will  be  successful.  Evasion  and 
escape  are  inevitable  and  unavoidable.
such 
property  should  and  must  pay  taxes  ac­
cording  to  ability  as  other  citizens. 
Their  accumulations  are  made 
and 
maintained  under  the  protection  of  our 
laws  and  government.  They  have  the 
benefit  of  our  courts.  The  obligations 
of  citizenship  rest  upon  them  and  must 
not  be  shirked  by  any  specific  plea  of 
double  taxation  or  that  such  stuff  is  not 
property.  The  design  of  the  law  is  to 
tax  men  personally  through  the  measure 
or  test  of  property.

Some  practical  method  should  there­
fore  be  devised  for  reaching  such  hold­
ers  and  property  fairly,  and  that  will 
impose  a  just  but  not  excessive  burden 
directly  and  subject  them  to  the  just 
rule  of  equality  of  sacrifice  for  the  com­
mon  good.

Among  methods  employed 

in  some 
states  are  a  tax  upon 
incomes  and  a 
small  fixed  rate  levied  and  enforced  di­
rectly  by  the  state  upon  face  valuation, 
and  recourse  to  public  records  and 
list­
ing.

State  Board  of  Tax  Commissioners.
The  purpose  of  the  law  creating  this 
Board  is  commendable  and  a  step 
in 
the  right  direction. 
It is  designed  sim­
ply  to  secure  the  enforcement  of  the 
taxation  laws  of  the  state  and 
intelli­
gently  direct  changes  and  modifications 
in  our  laws  and  methods.  The  scope  of 
the 
is  much  broader  than  people 
generally  think.

law 

it  the  worse 

While  the  attempt  of  the Commission­
ers  to  enforce  the  laws  as  they  exist 
is 
laudable,  whether  it  will  not  in  the  end 
prove  futile,remains  to  be  seen.  Wheth­
er 
it  will  not  in  the  end  vindicate  the 
statement  of  an  eminent  authority  on 
taxation  with  reference  to  the  general 
property  tax  system,  “ the  more  you  im­
it  is,”   time  alone 
prove 
will  tell.  They  are  performing  an 
im­
portant  duty  in  trying  to  bring  property 
upon  the  tax  rolls  under  an  antiquated 
in  doing  so  are 
inefficient  system,  and 
subjected  to  unjust  criticism. 
They 
must 
levy  taxes  upon  the  principle  of 
self-assessment  with  arbitrary  correc­
tive  power.  They  did  not  make  the 
system.  Perhaps  the  best  way  to  im­
prove  the  system  is  to  enforce  it.

to-day.  This  house  was  always  popular 
and  well  patronized.  The  old  wooden 
structure  was  burned 
in  1883  and  the 
brick  one  erected  in  its  place  has  since 
been  kept  by  J.  K.  Johnston,  as  a  tem 
perance  house.

It  was 

it  The  National. 

The  second  hotel  was  built  by  Hiram 
Hinsdill,and  was  purchased  and  opened 
hy  Myron  Kinsdill 
in  1836  and  called 
Hinsdill’s  Hotel.  About  1840  it  passed 
into  the  hands  of  Canton  Smith,  who 
renamed 
pretty  two-story  wooden  building,  with 
a  capacious  hall  or  ball  room  on  the 
second  floor.  Canton Smith  was  a  model 
inn-keeper  of  those  days.  He  was  also 
widely  known  as  a  deer  hunter—an  ex 
cellent  marksman  with  the  rifle. 
It  was 
an  almost  daily  experience  with  early 
risers  to  meet  Mr.  Smith  about  sunrise 
with  the  carcass  of  a  fine  deer  across 
his  shoulders,  coming 
in  from  the  di 
rection  of  Plaster  Creek. 
Indeed,  he 
kept  the  tables  of  The  National  well

of  Pantlind  &  Co.,  has  a  deservedly 
nation-wide  reputation.  Some  further 
personal  reminiscences  might  appro­
priately  he  given,  hut  the  writer  has 
become  practically  a  stranger in the past 
ten  years.

Next  after  The  National  the  Bridge 
Street  House  was  built  by  C.  H.  Car- 
roll,  in  1837. 
It  was  first  called  Kent 
Hotel,  afterward  Grand River Exchange 
and  finally  Bridge  Street  House.  It  was 
a  two-story  wooden  building,  with  a 
frontage  on  Bridge  street  of  forty  feet, 
with  a  portico  and  steps  the  entire 
length. 
It  was  in  the  marsh  and  a  fine 
brook  came  down  there  from  the  Kus- 
terer  spring,  so  called. 
Its  first  land­
lord  was  John  Thompson.  After  him 
(father  of  the 
came  Solomon  Withey 
late  Judge  S.  L.  Withey).  Then 
it 
changed  hands 
frequently  until  1850. 
In  the  village  days  this  was  a  favorite 
place  for  holding  elections. 
In  1837  the 
first  State  election  was  held  there,  and 
as  the  district  comprised  Western Mich­
igan  north  of  Kalamazoo  River,  with 
as  many  as  200  or  300 voters  in  all,  we 
may  well 
imagine  that  it  was  a  noisy 
time  in  this  neck  o’  the  woods.  Then 
in  1840  was the famous “ Tippecanoe and 
Tyler  too”   election,  with  more  noise 
and  cider than  the  other.  Well,  every­
body  knows  the  history  of  the  Bridge 
Street  House  since  the  city  came  in 
fifty  years),  so  we  will  pass  that  by.
The  Rathb'm  House  was  first  Louis 
in  1834.  A 
Campau’s  dwelling,  built 
lay  the  cellar  wall  is 
man  who  helped 
living  on  Lagrave 
Robert  M.  Barr, 
street— 87  years  old. 
About  1840  a 
boarding  house  was  kept  there,  it  after­
ward  becoming  a  hotel—the  Mansion 
House.  The  name  was  changed 
to 
Rathbun  House  by  Charles  Rathbun, 
about  1845. 
It  was  where  the  Widdi- 
comb  building  now  stands.  Around 
it 
cluster  many  interesting  recollections  of 
the  early  days.  Some  of  us,  alas,  shall 
never  see  their  like  again.

The  Michigan  House,  on  the  south­
west  corner of  Louis  and  Ottawa streets, 
and  opened  hy  Charles 
was  built 
Trompe 
It  was  owned  after­
ward  and  occupied  by  Jacob  Nagel 
during  his  life. 

Albert  Baxter.

in  1848. 

The  weakness,  as  enforced  by  the 
Board,  is  its  application  to  particular, 
separate  instances,  rather  than  to  classes 
of  property.  Under  that  system  the  man 
whose  property  is  brought  strictly  with­
is  dispro­
in  the  provisions  of  the  law 
portionately  taxed,  says 
so  more  or 
less  emphatically  and  arrays  himself 
against  the  enforcement  of  the  law.

The  result  of  the  work  of  the  Board 
this  year  will  be  to  increase  the  total 
assessed  valuation  of  the  state  about 
$300,000,000,  this  increased  amount  be­
ing  about  equally  distributed  between 
real  and  personal  property,  the  propor­
tionate 
in  personal  being 
greater  than  real  estate.

increase 

This  should  afford  some  relief  to  real 
estate  in  general,  although  not  so  much 
as  would  at  first  glance  appear,  but 
whether  it  will  result  in  greater equality 
of  taxation  is  questionable.

The  State  Tax  Commission,  however, 
is  probably  the  beginning  of  substantial 
reform. 

George  Clapperton.

it  put  on  its  supplied  with  vension  and  wild  turkey 
thirteen  years  old  when 
now
city  clothes.  Only  three  of  the  now  nearly  all  the  time  prior  to  1850,  when
prominent  hotels  stand  on  the  site  of 
he  leased  the  premises  and  went  to  Cal­
location  in  the  pioneer  days,  and 
their 
ifornia.  He  resumed  possession  a  few 
a 
few  of  those  old-timers  we  will  pro­
years  later.  Among  its  landlords  in  the 
ceed  to  notice:
intermin  were  Cary  &  Collins,  Granger 
&  Whittemore,  Hall,  Mills  and  Theo 
dore  H.  Rathbun. 
In  September,  1855, 
the  house  was  burned,  but  was  quickly 
replaced  with  a  four-story  one,  also  of 
wood.  Mr.  Smith’s  two  sons,  James  A. 
and  Gen.  1.  C.,  became  proprietors 
after the  Civil  War,  and  after them  John 
T.  Barker  and  Mrs.  Barker. 
In  con­
junction  with  that  hotel  the  “ town 
pump,”   in  the  middle  of  Ionia  street, 
was  a  well-known 
landmark,  especially 
to  horsemen  with  thirsty  teams.  Again 
the  structure  was  burned,  September  20, 
1872,  and  then  came 
fine  block 
which,  after  successive  changes  and 
enlargements,  has  hecome  the  imposing 
cuinoe,  me  morion  Mouse  otto-day 
edifice, 
the  Morton  House  of  to-day,
which,  under .he  enceUen.  management | ’¿ T n   e q u a lîy 'g S  S

The  firstborn  of  the  hotels  was  the 
Eagle,  at  the  comer  of  Waterloo  and 
it  still  retains  the 
Louis  streets,  and 
name  by  which  it  was  christened. 
(By 
the  way  that  name  must  have  been  a 
peculiar  favorite  in  those  days. 
In  1844 
the  Eagle  newspaper  was  issued  from  a 
room  across  the  street  from  that  inn.) 
J.  S.  Potter,  a  new-comer  among  the 
settlers,  began  the  building  and  Louis 
Its  first 
Campau  finished 
landlord  was  William  H.  Godfrey. 
It 
changed  proprietors  no  less  than  seven 
times  before  the  city  days.  Among them 
were  Louis  Moran,  Canton  Smith,  He- 
man  Leonard,  Marston  C.  Luce  (father 
of  R.  C.  Luce),  and  others  who  will  be 
remembered  by  many  old  residents  of

it,  in  1834. 

î . ere 

the 

in 

An  amusing  story  is  told  of  a  Grand 
Rapids  woman  who  thought  that 
it 
would  be  great  fun  to  take an apartment 
in  Paris  this  summer  in  order  to  see 
the  Exposition 
luxurious  ease.  So 
she  took  with  her  many  of her  cherished 
household  gods  “ for  company”   and 
started.  After  weary  search  she  found 
an  apartment  not  altogether  beyond  the 
bounds  of  reason  as  to  rent,  and  estab- 
ished  herself  therein just as the  Exposi­
tion  opened  its  unfinished  doors.  And 
then  began  her  woes!  The  great  fair 
was  not  ready;  bridges  fell,  destroying 
nnocent  promenaders  below;  pavilions 
caught  fire,  bombs  exploded,  the  smart 
Parisians  fled  the  town,  leaving  Paris 
to  the  provincials,  and  social  life  was 
at  a  standstill.  The  theaters put  up  only 
venerable  and  timeworn  pieces,  the  E x­
position  side  shows  were  a 
failure,  the 
grounds  swarmed with hordes of tourists. 
Then  came  the  great  heat.  The  water 
failed,  the 
sun  burned  and 
scorched  the  hapless  beings  on 
the 
glaring  Paris  pavements, while  the  odors 
of  the  Seine  cried  aloud  to  heaven.  The 
experiment,  in  short,  although  a  suffi­
ciently  costly  one,  had  not  been  alto­
gether  a  success.  When  last  heard  from 
she  had  taken  a 
ticket  which  would 
eventually 
the  highest 
habitable  spot  in  Switzerland.

land  her  on 

torrid 

Reports  from  Louisiana  indicate  that 
large  cane  sugar crop
  S“ " ,!  “

P*  a 

f

f

Jt

f i

M I C H I G A N   T R A D E S M A N

79

The  *st 

^nfw w w m w w w w m nfw w w w w nrw nntrw m w w nnnw nnfrw w iTrw nrw w nfw w nfw m nFW w m w w nm fW E «
^  

I DeVILBISS  COMPUTING  SCALES p

-

E  

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12

Both  Weight  and  Value 

Are  instantly  shown  when  the  article 

to  be  weighed  is  placed 

upon  the  platform.

The  Ideal  Scale for  Meat  Markets  and  the 

Butter Box  Department  in Grocery Stores.

If you  are  in  the  market 

for  Computing  Scales,  don’t fail 

to  investigate  our  system 

before  buying.

Write  for  Catalogue  illustrating  our 

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MANUFACTURED

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No.  2.  P rice  $45.00.

The  Star  Green  5c  Cigar

m

4ft

Grows  in 
Favor  Daily

Quality  the  | 
i
Cause  of  It 

B.  J.  REYNOLDS,  Distributor,

Telephone  172 

Grand  Rapids,  Mich.

8 0

M I C H I G A N   T R A D E S M A N

H A I R   D R E S S IN G .

Som e  o f  th e  C han ges  D am e  F ash io n   H as 

D ictated.

The  mode  of  wearing  the  hair  at  any 
time  is  determined and  regulated  by  the 
dress  of  that  period.  Fashion,  accord­
ingly,  exhibits  the  same  caprice  and 
in 
extravagance 
the  history  of  hair 
dressing  as 
in  the  history  of  dress. 
The  two  are  intimately  connected ;  but, 
in  this  article  only  a  very  brief  account 
of  historic  hair  dressing  will  be  at­
tempted.

The  most  ancient  fact  concerning  the 
arrangement  of  the  hair  is  found  in  the 
Vishnu  Purana,  a  system  of  Hindu 
mythology  and  tradition  which  dates  as 
far  back  as  6,000  B.  C.  An  account 
is 
given  of  Sagara,  a  king,  who  imposed 
upon  the  vanquished  tribes  as  a  penalty 
peculiar distinguishing marks.  He made 
the  Yuvanas  shave  their  heads  entire­
l y ;  the  Paradas  wore  their  hair  long; 
the  Sakas  he  compelled  to  shave  the 
forepart  of  the  head;  and  there  is  much 
evidence  to  show  that  the 
latter  mode 
is  the  origin  of  the  present  custom  of 
wearing  the  fore  part  of the head shaven 
and  gathering  the  back  hair  into  a  tail, 
as  worn  by  the  Chinee.  This fact affords 
an  example  of  how  this  strange  and 
is  wont  to  follow  with 
mysterious  race 
religious  tenacity  all 
its  ancient  cus­
toms.

According  to  Plutarch,  Abantes  intro­
duced  the  custom  among  the  Greeks  of 
fore  part  of  the  head, 
shaving  the 
which  custom  was 
the 
Lacedaemonians.  What Oriental people 
wore  their  hair  long,  except  at  the  back 
of  the  head,  is  questionable;  but  the 
usage  would  be  characteristic  rather  of 
the  Teutonic  and  Gothic  nations.

followed  by 

The  proverb, 

“ Woman’s  crowning 
glory  is  her  hair,’ ’  has  been  applicable 
as  far  back  as  the  knowledge  of  man 
can  trace.  The  Rig  Vedas,  the  most 
ancient  books  known,  mentioned  the 
hair  of  the  deities  as  a  feature 
inciting 
the  greatest  adoration.  Twenty-five  cen­
turies  ago,woman took  the  same  precau­
tion  to  maintain  a  youthful  appearance 
by  the  preservation  of  her  hair  as  she 
does  to-day.  Dyes  and  washes— which, 
by  the  way,  reached a far better standard 
of  excellence  than  any  modern  prepara­
tion  of  the  kind— retained  the  color  and 
the  deficiencies  of  nature  were  made  up 
for  by  the  wearing  of  false  hair.

Considering  the  modes  of  arranging 
the  hair,  it  is  found  that  whatever  style 
— the  severe  or  the  graceful—character­
izes  the  architecture  and  costuming  of 
a  race,  that  style  may  also  be  used  to 
define  the  hair  dressing  of  that  race. 
The  arrangement  of  plaits,  as  worn  by 
the  Egyptians, 
illustrates  the  severe; 
and  the  favorite  mode  among the Greeks 
of  gathering  the  hair  back  from the tem­
ples 
into  a  knot  behind  or  above  the 
temples  is  an  example  of  the  graceful.
The  chief  characteristic  of  the  head­
dress  of  the  Roman  ladies  was  the  elab­
orateness.  The  hair  was  curled  and 
braided  in  an  intricate  manner and then 
adorned  with  ornaments  of  gold,  pearl 
or  precious  stones,  garlands  of  flowers 
and  ribbons  of  various  hues.  Rows  of 
curls  framed  the  face  and  sometimes 
pendant  curls  dangled  to  the  shoulders. 
In  his  “ Last  Days  of  Pompeii”   Lord 
Lytton  describes  Julia's  head-dress  as 
made  up  of  a  mass  of  small  curls,  the 
false  being  woven  with  the  true  and  the 
whole  carried  to  such  a  height  that 
seemed  to  place  the  head  almost  at  the 
center  of  the  human  form.

Long  hair  has  always  been  a  distin­
guishing  characteristic  of  the  Teutonic 
tribes.  Among  the  Franks  flowing  ring-

lets  were  a  mark  of  the  highest  rank. 
The  Danes  took  great  pride 
in  their 
long  hair.  When  the  Normans  came  in­
to  England,  they  were  fascinated  by  the 
long  hair  of  the  Saxons,  and  changed 
from  closely  cropped  heads  to  the  op­
posite  extreme. 
The  Saxon  women 
wore  veils or  couvrechefs  (coverchiefs), 
which  covered  the  head  completely,  the 
ends  being  wrapped  around  the  neck 
and  passed  over the  shoulders.  A  later 
style,  which  prevailed  until  the  reign 
of  Henry  III.,  was  to  wear  the  hair 
bound  upon  the  head  with  fillets  of  silk 
or  some  other  rich  material ;  in other in­
stances  it  was  confined  in  a  net  or  caul.
During  the  reign  of  Henry  III.  the 
conventional  head-dress  made 
its  ap­
pearance,  and  from  that  time  on  woman 
taxed  to  the  utmost  her  ingenuity  in de­
vising  peculiar  and  extravagant  con-

George  III.  instances  are  cited  where 
the  ladies  wore  false  locks  set  on  wire 
to  make  them  stand  at  a  distance  from 
the  head.  The  projections  were  deco­
rated  with  wreaths  of  pearls  and  three 
ringlets  dangled  from  each  side  of  the 
head.

During  the  Eighteenth  Century  the 
styles  in  hair  dressing  rose  to  the  high­
est  pitch  of  extravagance.  The  art  of 
hair  dressing  was  greatly  exercised  and 
the  cost  of  a  dressing  was  such  that 
sometimes  one  arrangement  was  made 
to  last  as  long  as  two  weeks.  A  revival 
of  this  monstrous  style  occurred  in  1870. 
The body of the erection was made of tow, 
over  which  the  hair  was  turned.  False 
hair  was  then  added  and  the  whole  was 
powdered, elaborately decorated and  then 
surmounted  by  feathers.

To-day  the  French  have  introduced 
the  most  successful  mode,  namely,  the 
in  favor,  with  a  proportion-1 pompadour.  About  a  year  ago  some  of 
in  size.  At  times  there | the  authorities  prophesied,  in  view  of

increased 
ate 

increase 

Before  women  thoughtlessly  adhere  to 
fashion  without  regard  to  individual­
ity,  it  would  be  well  to  remember  that 
the  beauty  of  woman  depends  upon  the 
harmony  of  her  features.  The  rules  for 
proportion  and  harmony  should  be  ob­
served 
in  arranging  the  hair,  as  in  any 
other  art.  The  following  are  established 
rules:  To suit  a  long,  narrow  face,  the 
hair  should  be  dressed  round;  for  a 
sharp 
featured  face,  dress  the  hair  low 
or  else  quite  on  to p ;  for  a  round  face, 
narrow  dressings  are  preferable,  but 
should  be  kept  h igh ;  exceedingly  tall 
people  should  wear  their  hair  dressed 
rather  low  and  decidedly  round;  very 
short  women  should  always  wear  their 
hair  dressed  high.

if  her 

In  general,  the  women  of  to-day  do 
not  give  the  proper  amount  of  consider­
ation  and  attention  to  their  hair.  A 
Greek  writer  said:  “ Let  a  woman  be 
beautiful,  learned  and  ever  so  exquis­
itely  dressed,  but 
locks  be  ill 
dressed,  she  will  not please. ”   A woman 
will  often  pride  herself  upon  the  genu­
ineness  and  purity  of  her  diamonds, 
and  at  the  same  time  consider  it  no  de­
parture  from  good  taste  to  fasten  her 
locks  back  with  cheap  imitation  combs. 
Nothing  reveals  a  woman’s  taste  and re­
finement,  her  perception  of  quality,  as 
the  combs  and  pins  which  she  wears  in 
her  hair.

It 

It  requires  skill  and  knowledge  of  or­
namental 
form  to  devise  for  each  indi­
vidual  woman  a  tasteful  arrangement  of 
the  hair,  and  that 
is  the  reason  very 
few  women  are  successful  in  dressing 
their  hair. 
is  never  denied  that  a 
designer of  furniture,  iewelry  or  tapes­
try  could  succeed  without  this  knowl­
edge  of  ornamental  composition,  but 
is  thought  about  the  art  of 
not  much 
hair  dressing.  Why 
is  not  as  much 
taste  required  to  adapt  the  correct  form 
of  head-dress  to  a  woman’s  face  and 
figure,  adjust 
lace  and  ribbon,  arrange 
ornaments  and  feathers,  as  to  ornament 
a  screen  or  design  furniture?

Estella  B.  Hibbard.

Cut  This  Out

the 
increasing  height  of  this  modish 
coiffure,  that  women  were  returning  to 
the  extravgance  of  the  Eightenth  Cen­
tury.  However, 
the  prediction  was 
false.  The  fashionable  woman  of  to-day 
will  wear  her  hair  so  that  the  outline 
of  her  head  is  at  least  visible,  and  will 
draw  her  back  hair  up  tight  enough  to 
reveal  the  contour  of  her  head.  She  will 
effect  this  mostly  by  placing  the  cor­
rectly  shaped  ornament  into  its  correct 
place.

There  are  various ways  of wearing  the 
hair  to-day,  but  they  are  all  founded 
upon  one  way.  The 
loose  coil  at  the 
middle  of  the  back  of the  head  is  sup­
plemented  by  an  environing  puff.  The 
variety 
is  obtained  by  arranging  the 
coil 
low  or  high;  by  parting  or  pom- 
padouring  the  front  hair,  and,  lastly, 
by  the  wide  range  of  fancy  pins  and 
head-dresses  that  are  offered.  To-day 
one  does  not  attempt  to  execute  a  mod- 
i sh coiffure wi tuothan arti Stic adornment.

Length 129* in.  Width 115^ in.  Thickness 3 in. 

Send  it  to  us  with  $2.25  and 
we  will  forward  to  you,  freight 
charges  prepaid,  one  dozen 
Security  File  Cases  (style  like 
cut).  These  cases  are  extra 
strong  and  well  made,  having 
wood  piece 
front,  back  and 
ends,  a  strong  wire  holder  for 
the 
index  and  cover  page, 
both  of  which  are  of  the  best 
manilla  stock.  Order  at  once. 
Offer  holds  good 
for  short 
time  only.

Fasoldt  Brothers,

Makers of

Security  File  Cabinets

41  South  Division  Street,  Qrand  Rapids,  Mich.

were  departures  from  the  style,  caused 
by  the  ridicule  of  the  satirists  or  the 
fierce 
invectives  of  the  holy  men ;  but 
each  time  the  head-dress  would  spring 
up  with  renewed  vigor. 
It  is  a  histor­
ical  fact  that  Isabella  of  Bavaria  wore  a 
head-dress  which  was  so  high  that  the 
doors  of  the  palace  at  Vincennes  were 
obliged  to  be  altered  to  allow her to pass 
through  them. 
It  would  fill  volumes  to 
give  a  description  of  the  various  shapes 
and  combinations  that  have  appeared 
at  various  times.

The  fashion  of  wearing  false  hair  be­
came  prevalent  during  the  reign  of 
Queen  Elizabeth.  The  Queen  herself 
possessed  as  many  as 
two  hundred 
pieces  of  false  hair,  following  the  cus­
tom  of  the  time  to appear at  different 
times  with  a  distinct  arrangement  of 
the  hair.  Later the  wearing  of  wigs be­
came  general  and  reached  the  maxi­
time  of 
mum 
Queen  Anne.  During 
the  time  of

importance  during  the 

M I C H I G A N   T R A D E S M A N

8 1

MICA 

AXLE

Your
L i r e

has become known on account of its  good  qualities.  Merchants  handle 
Mica because their customers want the best  axle grease they can get for 
their money.  Mica is the best because  it  is  made  especially  to  reduce 
friction,  and friction  is  the  greatest  destroyer  of  axles  and  axle  boxes. 
It is becoming a  common  saying  that  “Only  one-half  as  much  Mica  is 
required for satisfactory lubrication as of any other axle  grease,” so  that 
Mica is not only the best  axle  grease  on  the  market  but  the  most  eco­
nomical as well.  Ask  your  dealer  to  show you  Mica  in  the  new white 
and blue tin packages.

ILLUMINATING  AND 
LUBRICATING OILS

WATER WHITE HEADLIGHT OIL IS THE 

STANDARD THE WORLD OVER

HIOHB8T  PRICE  PAID  FOR  EMPTY  CARBON  AND  GASOLINE  BARRELS

STANDARD OIL CO.

One-third  of it is spent at your desk— if you’re 
an  office  man.  W hy  not  take  that  one-third 
as  comfortably  as  you  can?  First  in  impor­
tance  is  your  desk;  have  you  one  with  con­
venient  appliances— have  you  a  good  one? 
If  not you want  one— one  built for wear, style, 
convenience  and  business.  Dozens  of  differ­
ent patterns  illustrated  in  catalogue  No.  6—  
write for it.

S A  M  PIE Fu R N ITU R E10.
Retailers  of  Sample Furniture 
LYON  PEARLS OTTAWA  STS.
Grand Ra pid s Mich.

We  issue  ten  catalogues  of  HOUSEHOLD  FU R N ITU R E— one  or 
all'to be had  for the asking.

A f t e r   a  H a r d   D a y ’s W  or k

to  know 
its  pleasant 
that  your  labor  has  had 
its  reward,  and  that  you 
are  better  off  financially 
than  you  were  at  the 
beginning  of  the  day. 
T his 
cessful  business.
The  Money  W eight sys­
tem  will  make  business 
better.
O ur  scales  are  sold  on 
easy  monthly  payments.

is  business—suc­

The  Com puting  Scale  Co.,  D ayton,  Ohio

82

M I C H I G A N   T R A D E S M A N

L A K E   T R A N S P O R T A T IO N .

H ig h ly   S tim u la tin g   to  th e  C om m erce and 
- 

In d u stries  o f  M ich iga n .

The  influence  that  lake  transportation 
has  exercised  upon  the  growth  of  Mich­
industries,  and 
igan’s  commerce  and 
its  present  effect  is  a  topic  of  great 
in­
terest,  well  worthy  an  abler  and  more 
exhaustive  treatise  than  this  brief  and 
incomplete  sketch.

immigation, 

Waterways  have  always  been  an 

im­
portant  mode  of  transportation,  possibly 
more  so  in  the  past,  before  the  present 
development  of  railroads,  than  they  are 
destined  to  be  in  the  future.  The  broad 
rivers  of  the  United  States  and  its  in­
lakes  were  the  chief  avenues  of 
land 
commerce, 
migration, 
travel,  warfare,  hunting, 
trapping  and 
scouting,  both  for  the  dusky  savage  and 
the  hardy  pioneer.  Witness  the 
im­
portance  attached  in  earlier  days  to  the 
natural  highway  of  waters  between  New 
York  and  Montreal  formed  by  the  Hud­
son  and  St.  Lawrence  Rivers  and  Lakes 
George  and  Champlain,  as  evidenced 
by  the  building  of  important  forts  upon 
them.  The  history  of  all  our  other  im­
portant 
lakes  and  rivers  bears  similar 
evidence.

To-day,  although  railroad  transporta­
tion  has  been  perfected  to  a  degree  that 
it  a  closer  competitor  for  water 
makes 
routes,  yet  the 
latter  still  retain  their 
position  of  pre-eminence  over  all  other 
transportation  channels  and  furnish  up­
on  their  banks  the  sites  of  our  largest 
cities  and  the  avenue  of  approach  to 
our  most  prosperous  sections.

In  character  of  service  rendered  and 
in  cheapness  of  it,  water  transportation 
is  to-day  far  in  advance  of  the  railroad. 
Wheat  and  corn  at  date  of  writing  are 
being  carried  from  Chicago  to  Buffalo 
at 
to  1 1/2  cents  per  bushel  and  the 
rate  has  been  as  low  as  a  cent  and  sel­
dom  above  2  cents  in  recent  years.  Iron 
ore  and  coal  on  the  lakes  are  moved  at 
equally 
low  rates  and  a  great  deal  of 
is  absolutely 
the  heavy  freight  traffic 
dependent  upon 
its 
movement  coming  to  a  stop  when  nav­
igation  closes  in  the  fall.

lake  navigation, 

instance,  fruit— our 

If  we  turn  to  another  class  of  freight 
— that  of  a  perishable  nature  requiring 
quick  and  cool  transportation,  such  as, 
for 
lake  steamers 
furnish  a  better  service  than  the  express 
service  of  railroads  and  at 
lower  rates.
On  general  merchandise  shipments 
the  merchant  or  manufacturer  at  our 
lake  ports  or  near  to  them  practically 
gets  express  service,  so  far  as  time  is 
concerned,  and  gets  it  at  the 
low  rates 
of  slow  freights.

In  passenger  service  the  superiority 
of  the  steamer over  the  railroad  is  even 
more  marked.  Compare  mentally,  first, 
the  relative  rates  of  fare  and,  next,  the 
steamer,  with  its  private  stateroom  and 
roomy  cabins,  with  the  ordinary  coach 
or  even  the  best  Pullman  or  Wagner  car 
service.  As  to  safety,  the  records  of 
the  passenger service on the Great  Lakes 
in  1898  show  that  not  a  single  passen­
ger’s 
life  was  lost  during  that  season, 
although  many  hundreds  of  thousands 
were  carried.  I  have  not  seen  the  record 
for  1899,  but  there  were  no  serious  dis­
asters  that  season  and  the  loss  of  life,  if 
any,  must  have  been  very  small.  Mich- 
therefore,  be  regarded  as 
gan  may, 
most  fortunate 
in  possessing  so  exten­
sive  a  lake  coast  line,  and the  lakes  sur­
rounding 
it  do  not  separate  it  from  its 
markets,  but  bring  it  nearer  to  them. 
While  it  held  an  eminent  position,  on 
account  of  its  forest  products,  the  lakes 
furnished  the  principal  means  of  con­
In
veying  these  to  the  outside  world. 

those  earlier  days  its  ports  bristled  with 
the  masts  of  the  fleets  of  schooners  con­
veying  lumber,  bark,  staves  and  wood. 
Gradually  these  shipments  were  partly 
displaced  by  manufactures,  such as  salt, 
furniture  and  the  varied  products  of 
Michigan  factories,  and  to  these  were 
supplemented 
products, 
particularly  fruit  from  its  western shore. 
Its  fleets  were  changed  from  schooners 
to  steamers.

agricultural 

If  we  'may  attempt  to  predict  as  to the 
future,  it  seems  inevitable  that  the 
in­
fluence  of  lake  transportation  will  be 
highly  beneficial  and  stimulating  to  the 
agriculture,  commerce  and 
industries 
of  our  State.

A  very  marked  tendency  on  the  part 
of  railroads  to  combine  has  been  evi­
dent  in  recent  years  and,  whiie  reason­
ably  profitable  freight  rates  are  just  and 
proper,  it  is  a  question  whether the rail­
roads  would  always  be  satisfied  with 
only  a  reasonable  profit. 
In  the  event

amaenam  circumspice” — If  you  would 
behold  a  beautiful  peninsula,  look  about 
thee. 

C.  J.  DeRoo.

A lon e  in  th e  Crowd.

Written  for the Tradesman.

A 

is  never 

little  enquiry’  outside  the  trading 
world  will  bring  out  the  fact  that a great 
many  people  think  that  a  traveling  man 
is  made  up  differently  from  his  fellow 
mortals.  He 
lonesome.  A 
happy-go-easy  fellow,  he  roams 
the 
wide  world  over,  as  glad  to  get  into  a 
is  to  get  out  of  it ;  ever 
place  as  he 
meeting  and  parting ;  a 
laugh  here,  a 
joke  there  and  a  story  somewhere  else, 
and  the  world  wags  on.  Once  he  was 
not  thought  well  of  as  a  citizen,  but  all 
that  is  changed.  Now  he  is  a  sober,  re­
frequently 
spectable  member  of  a 
changing  society.  Except 
in  solitary 
instances  he  differs  from  his  race—they 
are  sometimes  cast  down  and  lonesome, 
he  never  is.

That  conceded,  the  world  as  a  class

that  they  should  not  be,  our  great water­
ways  will  always  act  as  a  check  to  in-  ! 
ordinate  greed  on  their  part.

The  governments  of  Canada  and  of 
the  State  of  New  York  have  in  recent 
years  given  marked  evidence  of  their 
appreciation  of  the  importance  of  inter­
nal  public  water  highways—the  former 
in  the  development  of  its  St.  Lawrence 
River  route  and  its  new  locks, at  Sault 
Ste.  Marie,  and  the  latter  in 
improve­
ment  of  the  Erie  Canal.  On  other  con­
tinents  public  works  of  like  nature  and 
some  of  stupendous  magnitude  are  in 
progress.  Most  fortunate  then 
is  the 
state  possessing  these  facilities  as  Na­
ture’s  free  gift,especially  when  this  gift 
is  linked  to  such an unusual  diversity  of 
Nature’s  gifts  as  are  possessed  by  our 
State.  Witness the  richness  and  variety 
of  our  mines,  of  our  forests  and  of  our 
farm  products.  Well  chosen  was  the 
motto  which  appears  on  our  State  coat 
“ Si  quaeris  peninsulam
of 

arms, 

in  him. 

goes  farther  and  believes  that  there  is 
little  heart 
“ A  man  always 
joking  never  does  anything  else.”  
“ Light  heads  are  always  the  compan­
ions  of  light  heels.’ ’  The  list is not ex­
hausted,  but  they  all  confirm  the  idea 
that  these  qualities  are  in  some  unac­
intimately  associated 
countable  way 
with  the  drummer. 
The  facts,  how­
ever,  do  not  carry  out  that  idea.  The 
maxims  may  be  true  enough  as  expres­
sions  of  condensed  wisdom, but  they  are 
not  often  applicable  to  the  man  on  the 
road.  He  takes  his  home  and  its  life 
along  with  him.  That 
inside  pocket 
where  he  carries  the  photographs  often 
gives  up  its  treasure on the road between 
points  and  gives  him  better  thinking 
material  than  what  is  too  often  ascribed 
to  him.  Like  his  fellow  traveler,  the 
author  of  “ Home,  Sweet  Home,”   he 
thinks  of  that  “ dearest  spot”   oftener 
than  his  more  fortunate  brother  who  is 
never  out  of  sight  of  the  smoke  of  his

own  chimney,  and  who  on  that  account 
can  neither  feel  nor  understand  the utter 
loneliness  which  often  comes  to  the 
stranger 
in  the  crowd.  Then,  if  ever, 
he  sees  his  happiness,  if  he  has  any, 
“ through  another  man’s  eyes.”   That 
one  may  come  and  go,  but  “ troops  of 
friends  attend  him ,”   to  see  him  off, 
and  others  await  his  coming  at  the  end 
of  the  journey,  and  the  traveling  man, 
feeling  that  he 
is  alone  in  the  world, 
yields  to  the  human  nature  that  is  with­
in  him  and  envies  the  welcome  which 
never  comes  to  the  man  with  the  grip.
“ 1  think  I  feel  this  most,”   recently 
said  a  traveling  man  in  whose hair “ the 
gray  is mingled with the brown,’ ’  “ when 
is  approaching  a  large  city- 
the  train 
after  dark. 
It  begins  with  the  bustle 
and  preparation  of  arrival.  There  is  no 
need  of  hurrying  on  my  part.  The  day 
is  over-and  the  blank  bare  walls  of  the 
room  waiting  for  me  somewhere  hold 
little  to  cheer  me. 
I  used  to  hurry  out 
through  the  crowds  waiting  to  greet  the 
coming  friend,  but  I  do  that  no  longer.
I  stay  with  my  misery  in  the  car  and 
wait  until  the  crowds  have  gone.  My 
seat  in  the  rear  of  the 
long  train  pre­
vents  my  seeing  the  welcome  I  can  not 
have  and  the  huge  station,  with  here 
and  there  an  employe,  is  a  fitting  pre­
lude  to  the  desolation  ahead  of  me.  At 
first  I  used  to  think  I  didn’t  care.  What 
were  these  men  and  the  women  kissing 
them  to  me?  My  wife  was  at  home, 
and  I  should  be  pretty  soon—that  was 
all  there  was  to  that;  but  when,  one 
night— it  was  years  ago—after  my  baby 
died,  I  saw  a  fellow  traveling  man  rush 
from  the  train  to  take  into  his  arms  and 
kiss  his  bright-eyed  boy,  the  age  of 
mine,  I  found  out what  it  all  was  to  me; 
and  so  1  wait  until  the  baggagemen  and 
I  have  the  station  to  ourselves.  Men 
say  they  get  used  to  it.  Perhaps  they 
do;  but  I  believe  there  are  times  with 
the  most  of  them  when,  with  me,  they 
long  for  "the  touch  of  a  vanished  hand 
and  the  sound  of  a voice  that  is still. ’  ”
is  we  are  ill  human.  The 
man  with  the  grip  is  one  of  us;  and, 
while  the  laugh  may  bespeak  the  merry 
heart,  it  also,  oftener  than  we  are  aware 
of,  emphasizes  the  fact  that  “ Sorrow’s 
crown  of  sorrow  is remembering happier 
things. ’ ’

The  fact 

People  who 

intend  to  indict  the  ac­
curacy  of  the  census  must  be  well  forti­
fied  by  facts  to  succeed.  At  the  census 
office 
in  Washington  are  filed  maps  of 
every  city,  and  the  enumerators’  returns 
by  streets, numbers  of  houses  and  names 
taken  for  each  house.  These  data  are 
all  in  order  and  readily  referred  to,  and 
the 
the  superintendent  will 
“ kicker”   to  specify 
the 
shortage  is  that  he  claims.

require 
just  w’here 

WATER  PROOF 

WOOD SOLE SHOES

Price $1.10 net.

With iron nails on bottom, $1.25.

Oil Grain Uppers.  Sizes 6 to 12.  Best shoes for 
Butchers, Brewers, Farmers, Miners,  Creamery- 
men, Tanners,  etc.  This  sole  Is  more  service­
able and cheaper than a leather sole where  hard 
service is required.
A.  H .  R IE M E R   C O .,

Patentees and Mfrs.,  MILWAUKEE,  WiS.

M I C H I G A N   T R A D E S M A N

83

Gum
S ea l

♦

*
♦f
*4*
*
•t*

OUR RUBBERS Brands

*§**>**1* *§**$**§**§**§* *!**§* *§**§**§**§**1* *§**§**§**§**§*
♦
♦ir
♦
*t
tt
♦t
t
t
♦
♦
*
ir
ir
ir
ir

Pure
G old

At  Special  Net  Prices.

t
irt
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♦t
Quality
♦
Rubber Co. *♦  
♦  
t  
♦  
t
*  
ir  
ir  
ir
*   GOODYEAR  RUBBER  CO.,  Milwaukee  |

BOURS

A M A Z O N   K I D « «

Orders Ailed  the  day  received.
BRADLEY & 
METCALF
ee.,

Made  from   a  F ine Goat  Skin 
th at  w ill  w ear  w ell  and  give 
com fort  to  tired  Feet.
Made in Bals only, 
cap toe D, E & E E. 

Goodyear W elts,  $8.25 pair. 
M cKay Sewed, 
$2.00 pair.

382  and  384  East  Water  St. 

W.  W.  W allis,  Manager. 

^

as>
#
<st>
m

Write for sample dozens. 

Milwaukee,  Wis.

&  

At  25,  10  and  5 Per Cent.

COFFEES
MAKE BUSINESS

Pure  Food 

L aw

W e guarantee  our
York  State 
and  Michigan 

Pure  Apple  Vinegar

to  be  law proof.

Correspondence  solicited.

Chicago,  111.

Why Not Become 
A Philanthropist?

Grow two  blades  of  trade  grass  where  only  one 
sprouted  before.  You  must  sell  salt;  why  not  sell 
a salt that will  give a new quality and an increased 
value to the  dairyman’s butter?  It’s  good business 
for  you— you’ll  make  profit  on  both  butter  and 
salt.  Let us write you  about

Diamond  Crystal  Salt

“ The Salt  that’s  All  Salt.”

The  only  salt  that’s  above  99  per  cent,  pure  by 
analysis,  by practical  test. 
It  is the  only salt  that 
IM M E D IA T E L Y   dissolves  in  the  butter  and 
leaves it  free of  grit  and spots. 
It gives butter the 
flavor all  the  good  buyers  are  after  all  the  time.

Send for our salt booklet.

Diamond  Crystal Salt Co.,  St.  Clair,  Mich.

8 4

Shoes  and  Leather

"   T h e   W o rk   o f  Learning:  to  Sell  Shoes.

When  I  entered  upon  a  career  as  a 
shoe  clerk,  I  determined  to  gain  such  a 
knowledge  of  the  business  that  I  could 
become  a  thorough  shoe  salesman  and 
increase  my  salary,  and  thereby  assure 
success. 
I  was  as  much  interested  in 
the  store  and  its  success  as  my  employ­
er. 
1  did  not  think,  as  some  salesmen 
do,  that  I  was  doing  all  the  work  and 
some  one  else  getting  all  the  profits. 
I  looked  at  it  in  a  different  light.  1 took 
it  up 
in  this  manner:  My  employer’s 
success  means  my  success.  The  more 
business  we  do  the  more  salary  I  shall 
receive  and,  as  I  was 
for 
money,  not  to  pass  the  time  away,  I 
also  thought,  the  more  business  we  do, 
the  more  I  hustle,  the  more  opportu­
nities  will  come  to  me  to  secure  a better 
position,  and  that  means  more  wages, 
which  means  success.

looking 

Our  competitors,  it  seemed  to  me, 
were  jealous, as  we  were  doing  the  busi­
ness  of  the  town,  and the more  I  thought 
of  them  the  harder  I  worked,  for  I  be­
lieved  they  would  have  a  better  impres­
sion  of  me.

Case  after  case  of  goods  came  rolling 
in  every  day,  and  as  I  did  not  want 
the  salesmen  of  higher  authority 
to 
bother  about.  this  part  of  the  work,  for 
fear  of  discourtesy  to  some  of  the  cus- j 
tomers  through  some  mistake  or  other,  I 
learn  to  handle  and  to 
determined  to 
sort  these  goods  myself,  as  I  thought 
if 
I  had  to  find  the  way  to  tell  these  goods 
apart,  I  would  always  remember  them 
afterwards. 
it  my  business  to 
watch  this  work  and  do  it,  and  to  have 
it  done  at  the  time  needed—never  after­
wards.

I  made 

Now  when  this  work  was  done  I  paid 
strict  attention  to  selling  and  keeping 
the  store  in  condition,  never  missing  a 
chance  and  never  giving  my  employer 
a  chance  to  tell  me  to  do this  and  that.
I  always  tried  to  do  things  without  be­
ing  told,  and  to  do  them  to  the  best  of 
my  ability.  I never laid  around  the store 
idle.  Always  and  at  all  times  I  kept 
on  the  go,  finding  work  to  do  of  one 
kind  or  another,  and  in  this  way  time 
soon  flew  by.  There  were  no  idle  mo­
ments  for the  salesmen. 
I  had  my  work 
on  my  mind  and  gained  a  knowledge  of 
everything  about  the  store— when,  where 
and  what  to  do—and  I  can  tell  you  I 
soon 
it,  and  the 
same  came  to  be  a  pleasure  to  me. 
What  I  thought  at  one  time  would  be  an 
undesirable  task  has  proved  to  me  to 
be  a  pleasure.

learned  how  to  do 

Now  in  relation  to  selling : 

It  seems 
to  me  as  though  it  came  to  me  natural­
I  tried  at  all  times  to  get  rid  of 
ly. 
goods 
in  the  same  way,  at  the  same 
time  securing  fair  prices.  When  I  say

fair  prices,  I  mean  the  “ all right”  kind 
— not  too  high,  not  too  low,  but  high 
enough  to  pay  well  and  1  w  enough  to 
keep  my  patrons. 
I  always  selected  the 
stayers  off  the  shelves  first,  and  tried 
with  all  my  power  to  sell  these  before 
showing  new  goods,  and  in  many  ways 
it  proved  to  the  customers  sometimes  to 
be  more  satisfactory.  When  I  got  hold 
of  a  customer  and  after  trying  all  pos­
sible  ways  and  at  the  same  time  keep­
ing  my  anxiety  down  (keeping  cool), 
showing  each  and  every  pair  of  shoes 
that  I  thought  might  possibly  do  and 
also  showing  goods  that  1 thought  would 
not  answer,  I  sometimes  found  them  to 
be  the  ones  wanted.  It  is  no  trouble  to 
work  and  show  goods  when  working  to 
gain  experience.

You  might  ask  why  1  showed  goods 
that  I  thought  might  never  answer.  But 
I  showed  these  goods  to  find  out  what 
the  customer  did  not  want,  at  the  same 
time  showing  him  that  I  was  anxious  to 
suit  him 
if  he  could  be  suited  at  all. 
At  the  same  time  I  kept  my  counters 
clean.  When  a  customer  knows  you 
are  not  too  lazy  to  find  what  he  wants he 
will  wait  for  it. 
If  I  failed  to  suit  my 
customers  I  always  tried  to  entertain 
them  by  showing  them  the  different 
makes  of 
leather,  the  shapes,  styles, 
etc.,  until  one  of  the  other  salesmen  of 
higher  authority  got  through,  and  I  then 
related  my  case  to  him  and  in  this  way- 
held  a  great  proportion  of  trade  which 
otherwise  would  have  been  lost,  and 
when  a  customer  is  lost  through 
inex­
perienced  salespeople,  he  or  she  rarely 
comes  back  again.

I_  began  to  think  that  if  others  could 
satisfy  these  cranks—as  I  class them— 1 
could  do  it  as  well. 
I  felt  as  if  I  could 
do  anything  that  anyone  else  could  do. 
And  let  me  tell  you, I  soon  learned  how.
1  was  not  long,  and  I 
think  that  my 
employer  will  agree  with  me  on  that 
In  all  my  experience  1  must 
point. 
confess  that  as  far  back  as  I  can  re­
member,  and  I  think  I  can  recall  it  all, 
we  never  had  many  dissatisfied  custom­
ers.  We  feared  not  the  loss  of  their 
trade,  but  the  harm  they  could  do,  for 
we  thought  one  dissatisfied  customer 
could  do  as  much  harm  as  a dozen satis­
fied  ones  could  do  good.  This  is  the 
stand  we  took»  and  it  proved  to  be  a 
successful  one. 
If  our  customers  in­
sisted  on  anything  we  let  it  go  at  that, 
at  the  same  time  always  trying  to  give 
advice  in  as  courteous  a  manner  as  pos­
sible,  at  all  times  acting  pleasantly  to 
all  people  in  and  out  of  the  store.

Now  as  for  shoe  salesmen,  there  are 
plenty;  but  the  great  majority  of  them 
are  not  successful;  they  are  not  profit­
able  to  their  employers; 
they  work 
when  they  have  to;  their  attention  is 
often  somewhere  else  than  on  the  shoes 
on  the  shelves  and  on  the  customers. 
I 
have  always  made 
it  my  duty,  if  pos­
sible,  to  do  more  work  when  my  em­
ployer 
is  out  than  when  he  is  in  the 
store;  but  at  all  times  doing  what 
I 
could  and  trying  in  dead  earnest  to  do 
it  right,  as  I  took  it  for  granted  that  my 
employer  knew  at  all  times,  or  ought  to 
know,  of  all  connected  with  his  busi­
ness.— Wm.  F.  Sullivan  in  Boot  and 
Shoe  Recorder.

M I C H I G A N   T R A D E S M A N

Climax  Box  Lifter

With  a  Climax  Box  Lifter 
you  can take down and replace 
boxes  on the top  shelves with­
out 
injuring  the  covers  or 
boxes.  The weight of the box 
on  lower  hooks  firmly  grips 
the  cover  and  holds  box  from 
slipping.  Also  a  great  con­
venience  for  taking  shoes  out 
of  show  windows.  Strong  and 
durable.  W ill  last  a  lifetime 
for 

Sample  sent  prepaid 

fi.o o  by
The  Nevenzel  Mfg  Co.,
Grand  Rapids, Mich.

OR

Hirth,  Krause &  Co.,

Grand  Rapids, Mich.

BREAKING  THE  RECORD 
AND  HOW  W E  DID  IT

Last year we largely  increased  our  business,  and  this 
year,  unless  all  signs  fail,  the  increase will  be  still 
greater.  The  reason?  W e  s e l l   t h e   b e s t   g o o d s, 
and  we are wide awake to give our customers  the  most 
prompt and careful  service  Our stock of  goods  is  al­
ways  clean,  fresh  and  up  to  date  in  every  respect. 
Try us and see.  We sell the  following old  reliable  and 
popular  brands:  AMERICAN,  CANDEE,  WOONSOCKET, 
FEDERAL,  PARA  and  RHODE  ISLAND.  Also Wool  Boots, 
Combinations and  Lumbermen’s Stockings.
If you  begin  to trade with  us you  will keep  right on.

H.  KRUM  &  CO.,  Detroit,  Michigan,

W holesale  Rubber  Footwear  Exclusively.

ssss

S
S
\S
S

ESTABLISHED  18C8

H. M. REYNOLDS & SON

Manufacturers of

STRICTLY  HIGH  GRADE TARRED FELT
Send  us your  orders, which will  be  shipped  same  day  received.  Prices 
with  the  market and qualities above it.

G R A N D   R A P ID S ,  M ICH .

I MAYER S

SCHOOL

LIKE

HERE  WE  MAKE  THE  SHOES.

|f  

HERE WE  CARRY  THE  STOCK.

and styleronTc^dfitfinflasisThai S ^ to -d a m  "  o™ y° “ Ca? .increaSe yo“r trade' b«ty MAYER'S  MILWAUKEE CUSTOM-MADE  SHOES.  We make  all grad.
heavy and medium weight every-day shoe« from oil 
S ^  ^ dies  FINE  SHOES and OXFORDS, but we also make an extremely good line  c

eignt every-day shoes from oil gram, kangaroo kip and  calf.  Send for samples, or write us, and we  will have our salesman call on you

** 

MICHIGAN  TRADESMAN

85

SHOULD  HAVE  K IC K ED .

Shoe  M erchant  W ho  Lacked  M oral  Cour­

Written for the Tradesman.

age.

“ Y es,”   said  the  shoe  merchant,  re­
flectively,  “ I  have  a  good  trade  here, 
and 
it  wasn’t  for  one  thing  I’d  be 
content  to  stay  here  for  the  remain­
der  of  my  business  career.”

if 

“  That  one  thing  must  be  something 
serious,”   I  said,  glancing  about  his 
well  stocked,  pleasant  establishment, 
shaded  with  noble  elms  and  maples  in 
front  and 
looking  out  on  a  miniature 
park  of  river  bank  and  grove  at  the 
rear. 
“ If  you  have  a  good  trade,  you 
ought  to  he  perfectly  happy  here.”

“ Oh,  it’s  the  old  story  over  again,”  
replied  the  merchant. 
“ Trade  makes a 
slave  of  a  man,  physically  and  morally, 
in  a  town  of  this  size.  The  store  rides 
one’s  neck  like  the  famous  Old  Man  of 
the  Sea.  It  is  always  the  store,  until  the 
store  becomes  an  offensive,  critical, 
domineering  personality.”

“ Moneymakers  always  are  domineer­
in g,”   I  suggested,  “ whether  a  twenty- 
five-foot  store, with  shade  trees  in  front, 
or  a  gouty  old  banker,  with  mutton- 
chop  whiskers  and  a  bald  head.  Money 
not  only  talks, but  talks  loudly enough to 
drown  all  other  voices.”

“ You’ve  said 

it,”   was  the  reply. 
“ It’s  always  ‘ What  will  the store think’ 
or 
‘ What  will  the  store  do?’  or  ‘ How 
will  this  or that  affect  the  store?’  ‘ The 
store’ 
is  the  head  of  my  family,  I  can 
tell  you,  and  I’m  getting  tired  of  it.”  

“ Don’t  get  tired  of  a  good  thing,”   I 

said.

it,”   was 

“ Can’t  help 

the  reply. 
“ Here  only  the  other  day  a  man  came 
along  and  asked  me  to  sign  a  petition 
to  the  school  board  to  hire  a  French 
teacher.  Well,  there  are  a  lot  of  hogs 
in  town  who  want  their  children to learn 
French  at  the  expense  of  the  people and 
these  hogs  happen  to  be  my  customers. 
So  I  signed  it,  cursing myself  for  a  sub­
servient, 
idiot  while  I 
was  doing  it. ”

time-serving 

“ The  thing  would  have  gone  through 
anyway,”   I  said,  “ so  your  signature 
did  no  harm. ”

“ without 

“ I  ought  to  have  the  right  to  express 
my  opinion  on  such  points,”   said  the 
merchant, 
interfering  with 
my  bread  and  butter.  Here  we  have 
about  2,000  pupils  in  the  public  schools 
and  this  year  the  graduating  class  con­
sisted  of  ten,  all  girls  but  one,  and  all 
the  children  of  parents  wealthy  enough 
to  pay  for  anything  above  the  eighth  or 
ninth  grade.  The  children  of  poor peo­
ple  are  obliged  to  quit  school  at  the 
eighth  grade  and  go  to  work,  yet  half 
our  school  money  is  spent  in  the  high 
school,  where  they  get  no  benefit  from 
just  wanted  to  get  out  and  make 
it. 
a  howl  and  fight  that  petition 
for  a 
French  teacher,  but  the  store  held  me 
back.  The  school  money  should  be 
spent 
in  the  primaries,  where  all  can 
get  the  benefit  of  it,  the  poor  as  well  as 
the  rich.  Oh,  the  store!”

I 

“ Merchants  are  not  the  only  ones 

handicapped  by  policy,”   I  said.

“ I  suppose  not,”   was  the  reply,  “ but 
if  all  the  people  so  held  down  feel  as 
despicable  about  it  as  I  do,  there  must 
be 
little  self-satisfaction  in  the  world. 
When  I  get  up  to  the  golden  gate  and 
St.  Peter  asks  what  good  things  I  have 
done,  I’ m  going  to  take  out  my 
ledger 
it  at  him.  All  the  good  1 
and  throw 
have  ever  done  thus  far  is  recorded 
there.  He  can  send  me  out  to  push 
clouds  for  three  or  four  hundred  years 
if  he  wants  to,but he’ ll  have  the  truth.”  
The  merchant  got  up  to  give  away  a

pair  of  shoestrings  and  came  back  to 
his  desk.

“ I  belong  to  the  Up-and-Up  church 
organization  here,”   he  said,  in  a  mo­
ment,  “ and  I've  outraged  all  sense  of 
honesty  there,  too.  We  had  a  preacher 
who  was  bright, 
learned,  honest  and 
gentlemanly.  He  talked  plain  truths 
because  he  believed  in being outspoken. 
One  day  one  of  his  sermons  hit  an  old 
settler  who  made  his  first  money  steal­
ing  timber  from  Government  land  and 
selling  whisky  to  the  Indians.  The  old 
settler  has  money,  his  sons have  money, 
his  daughters  have  married  men  who 
have  money  and  they  all  belong  to  the 
Up-and-Up  church.  From  that  day  on 
there  was  war  on  the  preacher,  and  that 
sneaking,  penurious,  ignorant,  purse- 
proud  gang  won  out.  Yes,  and  I  signed 
their  petition  for  a  new  pastor.  What 
do  you  think  of  that?”

“ I  wouldn’t  have  done  it,”   I  said.
“ Oh,  yes,  you  would,”   said  the  mer­
chant. 
“ That  gang  can  ruin  me  as 
easily  as  it  ruined  the  preacher.  That’s 
why  I’m  going  to  sell  out  here  and  go 
large  city,  where  all  this  social 
to  a 
friction  does  not  exist. 
Before  the 
preacher  went  away  I  told him  just what 
I  thought  and  gave  him  a  check,  but 
what  good  was  that,  after  he  had  been 
sent  away  with  a  mud  patch  on  his 
back?”

“ The  check  probably helped, ”   I said.
“ And  then  the  way  taxes  are  assessed 
here  makes  me  tired.  We  have  an  as­
sessor  who  lets  the  rich  down  easy  and 
puts  it  onto  the  mechanics  and  laborers 
to  beat  the  band.  There  was  a  move  to 
heat  him  last  spring,  and  what  do  you 
think  I  had  to  do?  Sign  a  paper  sup­
porting  him  and  get  out  and  work  for 
I  know  of  a 
his  re-election.  Why, 
widow  who 
is  paying  $24  a  year  taxes 
on  a  place  that  won’t  sell  for $1,200  and 
I  also  know  of  a  business  man  who  is 
paying  $30  taxes  on  a  place  for  which 
he  has  refused  $5,000.  I  know  of  a  man 
land 
who  paid  $10,000  for  a  piece  of 
and  put  a  building  worth  $25,000  on 
it, 
and  that  property 
is  now  assessed  for 
less  than  the  naked  land  was.  How’s 
that?”

“ Why  don’t  you  get  up  and  howl?”   I 

asked.

“ What’s  the  use?”   was  the  reply. 
“ The  people  my  talk  interfered  with 
would  stop  trading  with  me  and  work 
against  me  all  they  could,  while  the 
people  I  tried  to  benefit  would  give  me 
the 
laugh  and  go  somewhere  else  to 
trade.  Oh,my talk wouldn’t  do  any  good 
in  any  event,  but  I wouldn’t  feel  so  like 
a  sneak  all  the  time. 
I  do  not  want  to 
make  a  howl  for the  benefit  of  the  pub­
lic,  but  to  ease  my  own  conscience.”
“ And  you  are  really  going  away?"
“ You  bet  I  am.  The  gang  has  got 
possession  of  this  town,  and  no  man 
with  any  self-respect  will  cater  to  it. 
I’m 
in  business  to  make  money  if  I 
can,  and  not  make  enemies,  but  this 
is  getting  too  strong.  Other  merchants 
are  going  for the  same  reason.  The  old 
gang,  the  members  of  which  have  rela­
tives 
in  the  State  prison,  can  run  the 
town  if  they  can,  but  they  can’t  run  me 
with  it.  And so  you  see  why  the  store is 
like  the  Old  Man  of  the  Sea.”

And  a  good  many  merchants  are 
thinking  the  same  way,  but  I  never 
knew  one  to  lose  by  modestly  asserting 
his  own  opinions. 

Alfred  B.  Tozer.

® 
4» 
I 

Hood  Rubbers

First Every Time.

Discount  25  and  5  per  cent.  Payable  Dec.  1.

Old  Colony

Best Seconds Made.

Discount  25,  5  and  10  per  cent.  Payable  Dec.  1.

'¡i 
^  
<$  An  extra 5 percent, discount allowed  if paid promptly  Dec.  1.
® 
#
?  
?
4P 4ft 4f> 4P 4P 4P 4P 4P 4P 4P 4£ 4P 4£ 4P 4 M $4 P  4P 4MP 4P 4P 4P 4P 4P

Hirth,  Krause & Co., 

Grand  Rapids,  Mich, 

Out of the Old

Into the New

^ ^ e  have  moved  across  the  street  from  our  former  location  to  the  William 
Alden  Smith building,  corner  South  Ionia and  Island  streets,  where  we  have 
much  more floor space and  greatly  increased  facilities  for  handling  our  rapidly 
growing business  in boots,  shoes and  rubbers.  The increased  room  will  enable us 
to enlarge our line and serve our  customers  even  more  acceptably  than  we  have 
undertaken  to serve them  in  the  past.  Customers  and  prospective  customers  are 
invited  to call and  inspect our establishment  when  in  the  city.

Qeo.  H.  Reeder & Co., Grand  Rapids.

NScis3GE=?K21t3i£

'm m a m m

Distinct  in  Style

Reliable  for  W ear

M oney  Talks.

Mr.  Travelingman,  you  are  not  much 
of  a  talker.  No,  but  there  is $5,000  in 
the  State  Bank  of  Michigan  which  talks 
all  the  time. 
It  says  that  the  Exemplar 
5c  cigar  is  clear  Havana  filler.

Right  in  Price

Herold=Bertsch  Shoe  Co.

Makers of Shoes,  12, 14 & 16 Pearl Stn Grand  Rapids,  Mich.

86

M I C H I G A N   T R A D E S M A N

B A S K E T   B U SIN E SS.

O rig in   and  D eve lo p m e n t  o f  th e   M an u fac­

tu r in g   In d u stry.

There  is  no  article  which  has  been  in 
more  commom  use 
in  all  ages  and 
among  all  peoples  than  a  basket.  We 
read  of  them  in  the  history of all nations 
and  their  use  is  as  varied  as  it  is  wide.
The  difference  in  the  methods  of  con­
struction,  also,  is  without  limit  and  the 
materials  used  as  well.  To  give  an  ex­
tended  history,  under  such  conditions, 
would  be  an  impossibility,  and  we  can 
only  take 
it  up  at  the  time  it  began  to 
be  an  organized  industry.

In  America,  the  Indians  were  doubt­
less  the  first  basket  makers,  and  their 
method  was  to  pound  off  the  splints 
from  second  growth  ash  logs  by  means 
of  hammers. 
Indeed,  there  are  tribes 
who  make  this  a  business  still  and  some 
beautiful  fancy  baskets  are  made  by 
them,  and  one  firm  in  New  York  City 
takes  the  entire  production  of  several 
of  these  tribes  in  Maine  and  Northern 
New  York.

The  old  farm  basket,  braided  from 
narrow  pounded  ash  splints  and  with 
bound  rims,  will  be  remembered  by 
many  at  the  present  time.  These  were 
all  made  by  hand  throughout  and,  in 
fact  all  braided  baskets  are  to-day  so 
made,  except  the  preparation  of  the ma­
terials.

The  first  attempt  to  organize  a  sys­
tematic  business  in  this  country,  so  far 
as  I  can  ascertain,  was  in  Huntington, 
Mass.,  by  R.  Bartlett,  sometime  during 
the  ’ 50s.  Soon  after  L.  B.  Williams  be­
came  interested  and  took  the  manage­
ment  of  the  office  and  sales  department, 
Mr.  Bartlett  looking  after  the  manufac­
ture.  When  the  war  broke  out,  the 
firm  lost  heavily  from  Southern  custom­
ers  and  it  became  necessary  to  reorgan­
ize, which  was  done  under  the  name  of 
the  Williams  Manufacturing  Co.  and 
the  factory  was  removed  to  Northamp­
ton,  Mass.,  where  the  firm  is  still  doing 
business,  several  members  of  the  firm 
having 
fortunes 
largely  through  this  business.

accumulated 

liberal 

In  those  days baskets were all braided, 
using  the  old  method  of  pounding  out 
ash  splints  and  riving  out  oak,  but  this 
being  slow  and  expensive,  different  de­
vices  were  tried  for  cutting  splints from 
the  edge  of  a  plank,  and  were  soon 
adopted  entirely,  and  for ten  or  fifteen 
years  this  was  the  only  method  em­
ployed.  Among  the  other  pioneers  of 
the  business  were  A.  W.  Wells  &  Co., 
of  St.  Joseph,  Mich.,  whose  business 
was  established  in  1868.  They  were  in­
corporated 
in  1888  under  the  name  of 
the  Wells-Higman  Co.  and  have  been 
one  of  the  very  few  successful  basket 
manufacturing  concerns.  I  am  indebted 
to  John  Higman,  Jr.,  Secretary  and 
Treasurer  of  this  company,  for some  of 
my 
information;  also  to  a  workman 
over  seventy  years  of  age,  J.  R.  Clem­
ons,  now 
in  our  employ,  who  worked 
for  the  Williams  Manufacturing  Co. 
from  1862  to  1891.

Jones  &  Gibbs,  of  Dowagiac,  Mich., 
were  also  pioneers  in  the  business,  but 
have  been  out  of  business 
for  many 
years.  The  manufacture  of  baskets  in 
this  country,  aside  from  those  made  by 
Indians,  is  largely  of  two  classes— fruit 
packages  and  farm  baskets  and  heavier 
goods  for  mercantile  uses  of  a  thousand 
and  one  varieties.

The  introduction  of  the  rotary  veneer 
machine,  commonly  called  the  “ Peel­
er,”   in  the 
latter  part  of  the  ’60s,  was 
the  first  great  stride  toward  the  cheap­
ening  of  the  cost  of  fruit  packages  and 
at  once  reduced  this  about  one-half.  '

A.  W.  Wells  &  Co.  were  the  first  to 
manufacture  the  now  common 
stave 
basket,  cutting  the  stock  direct  from  the 
log. 
I  am  not  able  to  ascertain  who 
made  the  first  Diamond  market  basket, 
but  Wells  &  Co.  were  among  the  first, 
and  they  sold  readily  for S i.50  to $1.75 
per  dozen,  while  at  present  they  sell  for 
25  cents.  Of  course,  many 
improve­
ments  have  been  made  in  methods  of 
manufacture,  so  that  the  difference  was 
by  no  means  all  profit.  The  fruit  pack­
age  industry  in  the  West  was  then  in  its 
infancy  and,  although  competition  was 
but  slight,  comparatively  speaking,  yet 
the 
in  the  volume  of  business 
may  be  shown  from  the fact that in those 
feet  of  logs 
days  200,000  to  300,000 
would  have  been  a 
large  stock  for  a 
year’s  business  of  that  concern,  while 
at  present  they  use  about  4,000,000  feet 
annually,  and  there  are  numerous  other 
factories 
large 
amounts.

in  Michigan  using 

increase 

A  characteristic  of  the  fruit  package 
business  at  the  present  time  is  the  tre­

mendous  bulk  of  the  goods,  as  com­
pared  with  their  value,  which  gives  an 
erroneous 
impression  to  the  casual  ob­
server  as  to  the  volume  of  business  be­
ing  done,  which  has  served  as  an  al­
lurement  to  many  to  embark 
in  the 
business,  and  probably  no  greater  per­
centage  of  failures  in  any business could 
be  found.  Prices  in  recent  years  have 
been  demoralized  to  such  an  extent  that 
many  larger  concerns  are  this  year  cut­
ting  their  logs  into  veneers  and  in  some 
instances  into  lumber.
In  braided  baskets 

for  mercantile 
purposes,  the  changes  have  not  been  so 
great,  although  many 
improvements 
have  been  made,  and  prices  are  far  be­
low  those  of  twenty  years  ago.

The  writer  has  been  in  the  business 
about  twelve  years,  having  developed  a 
somewhat different  line  of  business  than 
most  factories.  Heavy  baskets 
from 
pounded  ash  had  been  made  in  some­
what  of  a  primitive  manner  for  use  in 
the  large  textile  and  paper  mills of  New 
England  for  years,  taking  their  methods 
largely  from  the  Indians.  The  work  was 
all  hand  work. 
In  1888,  owing  to  the 
death  of  a  maker of  such  baskets,  who 
employed  three  or  four  men,  it  occurred 
to  the  writer  that  a  business  of  some 
importance  might  be  developed  and,  as 
junior  partner,  the  firm  of  M.  E.  Ballou 
&  Son,  of  Becket,  Mass.,  was  estab­
lished,  some  special  machinery  was  se­
cured  and  gradually  improved  methods 
were  adopted,as the  business  developed. 
Three  years  later,  under  inducements  of 
Belding  Bros.,  the  writer  came  to  Beld-

The  F u ller  M op

Ask 
for

prices 

on 
the 

Fuller 

and 
other 
mops

Manufactured 

by

F.  C.  Ewing,

Ludington,  Michigan.

Ballou  flaskets  flre  Best

Is  conceded.  Uncle  Sam  knows  it  and 

uses them by the thousand.

We make all  kinds.

Market  Baskets,  Bushel  Baskets,  Bamboo  De­
livery Baskets, Splint Delivery  Baskets,  Clothes 
Baskets,  Potato  Baskets,  Coal  Baskets,  Lunch 
Baskets, Display Baskets. Waste  Baskets,  Meat 
Baskets,  Laundry  Baskets,  Baker  Baskets, 
Truck Baskets.

Send for catalogue.

Jobbers of Stoneware

A warehouse tilled  with  all  sizes.  We 
are ready for your trade.  Send us your 
orders.

W.  S.  & J.  E. Graham,  Agents, 

■49-151 Commerce St., 

Orand Rapids, Mich. 

We are taking orders for spring.

Aluminum Money

W ill Increase Your Business.

Cheap and Effective.

Send  for samples /nd  prices.
C .  H .  H A N S O N ,

44  S.  Clark  St.,  Chicago.  III.

Y U S E A   M A N T L E S .

W e  are  the  distributing 
agents  for  this  part  of  the 
State  for  the  Mantle  that 
is  making such  a  stir in  the 
world.

It gives  100 candle power, 
is  made  of  a  little  coarser 
mesh  and  is  more  durable.

Sells  for 50  cents.
Will  outwear  three  ordi­
nary  mantles  and  gives 
more  light.

BALLOU BASKET WORKS, Belding, Mich.

G R A N D   R A P ID S   G A S   L IG H T   CO., 

G rand  R apids,  M ich.

I ®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®® ®® 

TOLEDO 

MAKES THE PRICE ON 

We buy  Clover,  Timothy and  other seeds  from
sample  or  sell  on  consignment  at  Board  of 
I-*,«  p . \ / p p   Q p p p .   Trade  rates.  Our  weekly  quotation  card  will 
^ V
Prompt 
returns for consignment sales.  Ask for special  quotations  on  corn,  oats,  bar­
ley,  flax, potatoes and garden seeds in  any quantity.

  v b b u   be  mailed  to  you  for  the  asking 

L

n

The  MERRELL  BUGGY,  IMPLEMENT  &   SEED CO,

224  and  226  Superior  St. 

TOLEDO,  OHIO.  §
D®®®®®®®®®®®®©®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®!

The  Grand  Rapids  Paper  Box  Co.

M anufacture

Solid  Boxes for Shoes, Gloves,  Shirts and  Caps,  Pigeon  Hole  Files  for 
Desks,  plain and fancy  Candy  Boxes,  and  Shelf  Boxes  of  every  de­
scription.  We  also  make  Folding  Boxes  for  Patent  Medicine,  Cigar 
Clippings,  Powders, etc., etc.  Gold and  Silver  Leaf work  and  Special 
Die Cutting done  to suit.  Write for prices.  Work guaranteed.

GRAND  RAPIDS  PAPER  BOX  CO.,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich

WE  W ANT  TO   ° , , v

-2 HONEY =-

A LS O   N E E D   P E A C H E S ,  P LU M S,  P E A R S .

STRANGE 6l NOKES,  C l e v e l a n d ,  o h i o .

W R ITE  U S.

Qeo.  N.  Huff & Co.,

WHOLESALE  DEALERS  IN

Butter, Eggs, Poultry, Game, Dressed Meats, Etc.

COOLERS  AND  COLD  STORAGE ATTACHED.

Consignments  Solleited. 

74 East Congress St., Detroit, Mich.

M I C H I G A N   T R A D E S M A N

ing,  Mich.,  and  started  a  factory  under 
the  name  of  the  Ballou  Basket  Works, 
on  a  larger  scale,  manufacturing  a  larg­
er  variety  of  goods,  and  at  present  with­
out  question  producing  more  factory, 
laundry  and  warehouse  baskets than  any 
other  concern, 
in 
Becket  coming  in  a  close  second.

the  original  plant 

There  are  several  other  kinds  of  bas­
kets  which  have  attained  more  or  less 
prominence  for  some  purposes.  The 
willow  clothes  basket  is  widely  known 
and  used.  They  are  not  made  in  facto­
ries,  but 
families  who  eke 
out  an  existence  selling  them  to  some 
dealers.

largely  by 

in 

limited  numbers 

The  round  rattan  cane  baskets  are 
in  several 
made 
large  cities,  generally 
in  basements, 
and  entirely  by  hand  work  done  by  im­
migrants largely— Germans  and  Russian 
Jews.  The  rattan  trust  makes  a  line  of 
rattan  goods 
in  regular  factory  way. 
Baskets  are  also  made  from  rawhide  for 
some  purposes,  but  are  very  expensive. 
Leatheroid  baskets 
likewise  have  at­
tained  some  standing  and  are frequently 
seen 
in  wholesale  dry  goods  houses. 
Slats  interwoven  with  wire  are  used  by 
one  or  two  concerns,  but  are  not  a  great 
success.

The  growing  demand  for  fruit  pack­
ages  and  the  surely-approaching  scar­
city  of  timber  would  seem  to  make 
higher  prices  for  such  goods  an  abso­
lute  necessity,  else  the  timber  will  be 
used  for  other  purposes.  The  future  of 
this  business  is  not  overpromising  from 
the  fact  that  a  large  amount  of  capital 
is  not  necessary  to  embark  in  a  small 
way  and,  deceived  by  the  apparent  vol­
ume  of  business,  many  continue  to  rush 
in,  only  to find  experience  a  dear  teach­
er.  To  secure  trade,  low  prices  are  too 
frequently  made,  to  the  demoralization 
of  legitimate  profit.  And  while  two  or 
three  years  frequently  terminates  their 
existence,  enough  such  concerns  compel 
the  older  and  well  established  to  do 
business  on  very  narrow  margins  of 
profit.  Wha*  the  next  decade  may  bring 
forth,  we  are  unable  to  prophesy.

W.  D.  Ballou.

Swiss  V illa g e ’s  Stru ggle  W ith   Mud. 

From the London Sphere.

The  village  of  Klosters,  near  Davos- 
Platz,  Switzerland,  at the  top  of  the  val­
ley  of  Prattigau,  is  struggling  under  six 
feet  of  mud.  High  above  it  towers  the 
Rhatikon,  a  stately  range  of  mountains 
which  have  the  nasty  habit  of  occasion­
ally  sending  an  avalanche  of  mud  and 
stones  and  trees  down  upon  the  inoffen­
sive  village  which 
feet. 
Thirty  years  ago  was  the  date  of the last 
of  these  disasters  until  recently,  when 
a  heavy  rainstorm  brought  down  a  mud 
avalanche  on  Klosters,  which 
lies  in 
front  of  an 
infold  of  the  mountain. 
Enormous  boulders  were  pitched  for­
ward 
in  a  giant’s 
game  of skittles.

like  balls  thrown 

lies  at 

its 

T e a   G ro w in g  in  South  Carolina.

From the Providence Journal.

In  South  Carolina  there  is  a  tea  farm 
where  it  is  said  that  a  very  high  grade 
of  tea  can  be  and  is  grown;  indeed  we 
are  told  that  the  tea  raised  there  is  now 
selling 
in  the  American  market  on  its 
merits  at  the  price  of  Si  a pound,  which 
is  a  higher  price  than  most  of  the  Chin­
ese  tea  commands  in  the  same  market. 
To  raise  the 
in  this  country  re­
quires  special  care  and  study  and  high­
in  curing,  and  that  is 
ly  trained  skill 
the  reason  why  the  crop 
is  not  more 
generally  tried  in  those  portions  of  the 
South  where  the  soil  is  favorable.

leaf 

Talk  about  rubbing  it  in!  The  Ger­
man  manufacturers  of  velvet  ribbons 
have  entered 
into  an  agreement  by 
which  prices  of  velvet  ribbons  which, 
as 
is  well  known,  have  been  in  such 
great  demand  of 
late,  have  been  ma­
terially  advanced.

lady 

is  an  old 

H is  W ife  Cost  H er  W e ig h t  in  G old.
“ There 
living 

in 
Southern  California,  at  the  patriotic 
little  mountain  settlement  known  as 
American  Flag,  who 
is  an  object  of 
much  interest  to  strangers  from  the  fact 
that  she  is  probably  the  only  woman  on 
earth  the  valuation  of  whose  person 
tver  was 
literally  appraised  at  her 
weight  in  gold,”   said  Major  H.  Gard­
ner,  late  of  the  Census  Bureau.

“ She 

is  68  years  old  now,  and  the 
widow  of  one  Jesus  Castro,  a  Mexican. 
This  Mexican  was  one  of  the  first  min­
ers  who  struck  a  fortune  in  gold  in  the 
pioneer  days  of  California.  He 
lived 
in  the  Santa  Catalina Mountains  and  re­
turned  home  more  than 
loaded  down 
with  gold  dust.  He  fell  passionately  in 
love  with  his  brother’s  daughter,  a 
handsome  girl  of  17.  She  returned  her 
uncle’s 
love  and  consented  to  marry 
him.  The  priest  to  whom  they  applied, 
learning  of  their  close  blood  relation­
ship,  refused  to  marry  them.  Castro 
offered  as  high  as  $5,000  to  the  church 
as  an  inducement  for  the  priest  to  per­
form  the  marriage  ceremony,  but  the 
offer  was  refused.  Then,  as  the  old 
widow’s  story  goes,  Castro  asked  what 
amount  of  wealth  would  induce  him  to 
marry  them.  The  priest,  with  the 
in­
tention  and  expectation  of  impressing 
Castro  with  the  hopelessness  of  his  ap­
peal,  replied :

“   ‘ The  girl's  weight  in  gold.’
“ Now  the  Mexican  maiden,  while  not 
being  over-buxom,  was  well-to-do 
in 
figure  for  one  of  her  age,  but  Castro 
did  not  even  pause  long  enough  to  as­
certain  what  her  weight  might  be.  He 
exclaimed :

“   'Good,  holy  father!’
“ Then  he 
ordered 

scales  to  be 
brought,  and,  begging  the  girl  to  stand 
on  one  side  of  them,  be  poured  glitter­
ing  gold  dust  into  the  other  side  until 
the  precious  stuff  balanced  the weight of 
his  inamorata.  The  priest  was  dumb 
with  amazement,  and  it  was  a  long  time 
before  he  recovered  sufficiently  to  say 
the  promised  words  that  made  the twain 
one.  Castro  had  won  his  bride  at  the 
cost  of  125  pounds  of  his  hoarded  gold. 
He  had  a  snug  lot  left,  however,  and 
the  story  is  that  he  lived  long  enough  to 
see  the  time  that  he  would  have  taken  a 
great  deal  less  than  her  weight  in  gold 
for the  wife  on  which  his  youthful  ardor 
placed  so  great  a  value.”

The 

immense  popularity  of  beaded 
bags  and  purses  suggests  the 
idea  that 
some  manufacturer  get  up  a  line  of  fin­
ger  purses  in  beaded  effects.  It  does not 
seem  by  any  means  an  impossibility  to 
manufacture  these  goods,  and  it  is  more 
than  likely  that  they  would  have  a  large 
sale.  Possibly  it  might  be  well  to  have 
the  beading  on  the  back  only,  as  if  the 
flap  were  beaded 
it  might  not  stand 
wear.

Complete  and 
New  **  <m

If 

Our  new  harness 
catalogue  g i v e s  
you  lots  of  valu- 
a b l e   information 
about  our  h a r ­
nesses. 
you 
have  not  one  on 
your  desk,  write 
us  and  we  will 
mail  you  the  most 
complete  harness 
catalogue that you 
could  ask  for.

E v e ry   H arn ess  in   it   is 
g u a r a n te e d   by  us.  T h a t ’s 
w orth   so m eth in g .

Brown  &  Sehler

Grand Rapids, Mich.

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4 

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Do  You  Know 

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4

K.B. Simmons?

He has been  for nearly ten years 

the  Michigan  representative for

Foley & Company,

Manufacturers of

Foley’s

...Honey and Tar...

The greatest

Throat  and  Lung  Remedy,

Foley’s  Kidney Cure 

I  
f  
t   ..Cream  and  Banner Salve..

Foley’s

All guaranteed preparations 

9 9

Give  Simmons  an  order  for  the  £ 
best  medicines  and  you  will  re-  X 
ceive  the  best  line  of  advertising  T 
furnished  by  any  house 

♦
£
▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼  W f
A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A  

in  the 

■ business. 

87

A S K   Y O U R  

J O B B E R

3 

dozen  size............................$i  oo box

“ 

“ 

............................ 

Quality guaranteed.
Works while you  sleep.

5o  "

BURRO W S Y E A S T   F A C T O R Y  

D E T R O IT .  M ICH.

Michigan  Fire  and  Marine 

Insurance  Co.

Organized  1SS1.

Detroit, Michigan.

Cash  Capital, $400,000. 

Net Surplus, $200,000.

Cash Assets, $800,000.

D .  W h i t n e y , J r .,  Pres.

D.  M .  F e r r y ,  V ice  Pres,

F . H .  W h i t n e y ,  Secretary.
M.  W .  O ’ B r ie n , Treas.

E . J.  B o o t h ,  A s s t   Sec’y. 

D i r e c t o r s .

D.  W hitn ey, Jr.,  D.  M. F erry, F .J . Hecker,
M . W . O ’Brien, Hoyt Post, Christian  Mack, 
A llan   Sheldon, Simon J.  M urphy,  W m .  L . 
Smith,  A .  H.  W ilkinson, James  E dgar,  H. 
K irke  W hite,  H.  P .  Baldwin,  H ugo 
Scherer,  F .  A .  Schulte,  Wm*  V .  Brace,  =
'  James  M cM illan,  F .  E .  D riggs,  H enry  ® 

Hayden,  Collins  B.  Hubbard,  James  E>. 
Standish,  Theodore D.  Buhl,  M.  B.  M ills, 
A lex.  Chapoton, Jr.,  Geo.  H .  Barbour,  S.
G.  G askey,  Chas.  Stinch field,  Francis  F . 
Palm s,  W m .  C.  Y aw k ey ,  David  C.  W h it­
ney, Dr. J.  B.  Book, Eugene Harbeck, Chas.
F.  Peltier, Richard P. Joy,  Chas.  C . Jenks.

T h e above cut represents our grocery display counter.  T hese counters should be  seen  to  be  ap ­

preciated.  W e build them in three different  w ays,  all  having a sim ilarity in  design.
No.  ■ ,  like above cut, is fitted  with  plate glass,  has  16 display  fronts,  and a paper  rack  the  entire 
length,  below  that sliding doors.  Quarter sawed oak top  i %  inches thick.  T h e  projectiles  both  front 
ana  back are so arrangea that the feet never  mar  the  wood  work. 
It  is  handsomely  finished  built  in 
■ oand  12 foot lengths.  W ith  parties contem plating rem odeling  their  stores  w e  solicit  correspondence 
as  w e  w ill make special prices  for complete outfits o f store furniture.

McGRAFT  LUMBER  CO.,  Muskegon,  Mich.

* * * *

r. 

* * * * *   £

\  I  A 1 1

ï  i  n  ?

£**t
2  
2  
i  s fUr î 

* * * .   ★
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j *

 

i \   ****  t \  
5 0   C I G A R

* * *   * * * * *  

★
*

A *  

| \ î

*  

I 
t**k t

S O L D   B Y   A L E  J O B B E R S

uTm,;  c e l e b r a t e d

Sw eet Loma

NEW  SCOTTEN  TOBACCO  CO. 

p£%  TOBACCO.
(.Against  the  Trust.)

83
Window  Dressing

PV uctical  H in ts 

in 

th e   P rep aration   o f 

Show   W indow s.
When  shoes  are  carried 

in  stock  a 
neat ¡arrangement  of  shoes  and  clothing 
is  to  put  trousers  on  stands  and  stiffen 
the  legs  just  enough  to  make  them  hold 
their  position  when  they  are  drawn  over 
the  shoes  on  the  floor.  The  shoes  at  the 
end  of  the  trousers  leg  give  a  finished 
appearance  that  adds  much  to  the  effec­
tiveness  of  a  trim  of  clothing.  Just  be­
hind  the  trousers  the  coat  and  vest  of 
the  suit  are  placed,  so  that  the  observer 
can  see  the  general  effect  at  a  glance.

*  *  *

is  a 

The  most  effective  method  of  dis­
playing  fine  hosiery 
is  on  a  model  of 
the  human  leg.  The  full  beauty  of  fine 
open  work 
in  socks  can  not  otherwise 
be  shown  to  advantage  nor  can  a  cus­
tomer see  the  precise  effect  of  a  pattern 
when  worn,  which  is  often  quite  differ­
ent  from  its  effect  when displayed in the 
box.  A  trim  of  hosiery 
is  therefore 
made  much  more  effective  by  the  dis­
play  of  one  or  two  of  its  patterns  on 
models  of  the 
leg.  Models  in  papier 
mache  or  wood  are  not  expensive  nor 
hard  to  obtain  and  will  fully repay  their 
cost,  but  for the  benefit  of  small  dealers 
who  have  more  time  and  ingenuity  than 
money  to  expend  on  window  trims  we 
suggest  a  method  by  which  they  can 
make  as  many  plaster-of-Paris 
foot 
models  as  they  please.  All  that  is  re­
quired 
little  ingenuity,  some  raw 
linseed  oil  and  a  quantity  of  plaster-of- 
Paris.  Let  the  person  who  is  to  serve 
as  model  cover  his  lower  limb thorough­
ly  with  oil  and  then  draw  on  a  tightly 
fitting 
light  cotton  stocking  thoroughly 
saturated  with  oil.  This  is  to  prevent 
the  plaster-of-Paris  sticking  to  the  leg. 
After  mixing  a  sufficient  quantity  of 
plaster-of-Paris  with  water  to  the  con­
sistency  of  cream  and  adding  a  handful 
of  salt  to  make  it  harden  quickly,  take 
a  pasteboard  box  large  enough  to  con­
tain  the  model’s  lower  leg  in  a  natural 
posture  and  pour  in  the  plaster-of-Paris 
to  the  depth  of  an  inch.  After the model 
has  set  his  foot  on  this,  fill  the  box  with 
the 
liquid  plaster-of-Paris  to  the  nec­
essary  height  and 
let  it  harden.  The 
solid  block  of  plaster  can  he  partly 
sawed  through  and  then  gently  broken 
by  a  small  chisel  along  the  line  of  the 
saw-cuts  so  as  to  separate  the  block  into 
a  few  large  pieces  that  will  fit  together. 
After  the  mold  thus  formed  has  been 
thoroughly  saturated  with  oil  to  prevent 
the  plaster  sticking,  it  may  be  filled 
with  plaster-of-Paris  and  the  required 
foot  form  made. 
If  the  pieces  of  the 
mold  are  well  oiled  they  will  come 
apart  without  difficulty  and  may be used 
again  and  again.  Care  should  be  taken 
to  mix  enough  plaster-of-Paris  at  the 
start,  as  it  hardens  quickly,  and  when 
once  hard  will  not  unite  with  fresh 
liquid  plaster.  Models  thus  made  can 
be  tinted  with  flesh  color  and  if  used 
carefully  will  last  a  long  time.

*  *  *

The  length  of  time  that  a  trim  should 
be  in  a  window  depends  on  the  nature 
of  the  goods  displayed  and  on  the  char­
acter  of  the  business  done. 
In  a  large 
city  store  windows  are  changed  at  least 
once  a  week  and  more  often  twice  a 
week. 
injured 
by  light  and  dust  if  they  remain  in  the 
window 
is  particularly 
true  of  goods  exhibited  in  windows  that 
are  not  shut  off  from  the  store. 
It  is 
far  better  to  trim  windows  simply  and 
change  them  often  than  to trim  them 
elaborately  and  let  them  stand  until  the

Delicate  fabrics  are 

long,  and  this 

M I C H I G A N   T R A D E S M A N

S H IR T S

When  in  Lansing stop  in and  leave your measure with

COLLVER  -

He makes  them  to  fit  you;  also  Collars,  Cuffs  and 
Underwear to order.  Write  for measurement blanks.

C O L L V E R   S H IR T   F A C T O R Y

103  W ashtenaw   St.  E.,  L an sin g,  M ich.

. .  WHEN  BUYING  .  .

HAY

. AND  .

STRAW

Always  Remember and  Figure with

MICHIGAN  PRODUCE  CO.,  Lansing,  Mich.

T h e  Largest  H ay  Shippers in  the  State.  W arehouses at Lansing,  Mason, Grand L ed ge, Perry.

The Victor Incandescent 

Vapor Lamp

Produces  ioo  Candle  Power  32%  hours  on  a 
consumption  of  two  quarts  of  gasoline.  Ap­
proved by the  National  Board of  Underwriters, 
Chicago.  Made in fifteen different styles  from 
Solid  Brass,  beautifully  finished  and  guaran­
teed ONE  YEAR.

Street Lamps in  Three Styles

The Cheapest and  Best method  of  lighting any 
city.  Avoid combinations.  Municipal owner­
ship 
is  the  watch  word.  Write  for  “ The 
Book.” 

It shows styles and prices.

The  Reserve F oundry  a n d  Mfg.  Co.

Department 22

Cleveland,  Ohio

goods  are  dusty  or  faded.  When  trims 
are  changed 
the  windows  should  be 
cleaned.  Obvious  as  this  seems,  one  is 
sometimes  surprised  to  see  how  the 
cleanliness  of  windows,  especially  win­
dows  kept  heavily  trimmed, 
is  neg­
lected.  A  window  ought  to  be  thorough­
ly  swept  and  dusted  at  the  very  least 
every  time  a  new  trim  is  put 
in.  The 
merchant  always  loses  by  carelessness 
in  this  matter.  If  the  dust  is  visible 
it 
spoils  the  effect  of  the  trim :  if  it  is  in­
visible,  it  is  still  there  to  work  into  the 
texture  of  goods  and  to  injure  or to  ruin 
them.  Elaborate  trims  are  particularly 
in  need  of  attention  of  this  kind. 
It 
is  the  only  way  in  which  the  freshness 
of  goods  can  be  preserved.

*  *  *

A  striking  attraction  for  a  window 
can  be  made  with  a  spider-web.  Stout 
cords  of  the  color  and  diameter  pre­
ferred  can  be  drawn  across  the  middle 
of  the  window  and  tied  together  after 
the  fashion  of  the  strands  of  a web.  The 
web  should  be  drawn  tightly,  but  will 
look  all  the  better  if  there  is  a  little  ir­
regularity  about 
it.  A  toy  spider  can 
be  placed  at  the  center,  if  preferred, 
and  the  meshes  of  the  web  used  for  hos­
iery  and  neckwear.  Against  a  black 
background  a  carefully  strung  web  of 
white  would  be  particularly  effective.

A   N ew   D efinition.

Aunt  Rhoda— Did  you  know  ’t  Merry 
Jane  Preskitt  hed  merried  a  Unitarian?
Aunt  Hitty—A  Unitarian!  Fur  the 
land's  sake,  what’s  that?  Them  as  only 
eats  vegetables?

The  new  broom  corn  crop  is  starting 
off  at  $100  per  ton.  The  trust  claims  to 
control  all  but  about  1,000  tons  of  the 
total  crop.

The-

Gregg System

of

is

Brief,

No  Position, 

Legible, 

No Shading, 

Speedy. 

Easy to  Write 

Easy to  Read, 

Easy to  Learn.

Superior,

Investigate  It.

j t

Touch  Method

Jt

In  Fact the  Latest and

. . Best in ..

Business,  Shorthand  and 

Typewriting

Taught at the

GRAND  RAPIDS 

BUSINESS  UNIVERSITY
75-77-79- 81-83  Lyon  St., Grand  Rapids, Mich.

For  Printed  Matter Address

A.  S.  Parish.

M I C H I G A N   T R A D E S M A N

8 0

CommercialTravelers

Michigan  Knights  of the  Grip

President,  E.  J.  S c h k e i b e r ,  Bay  City;  Sec­
retary,  A.  W.  S t i t t ,  Jackson;  Treasurer, 
O .  C .  G o u l d ,  Saginaw.

President,  A.  M a r y m o n t ,  Detroit;  Secretary 

Michigan  Commercial  Traielers’  Association 
and Treasurer, G e o .  W .  H i l l ,  Detroit.
United  Commercial  Travelers  of Michigan 

Grand  Counselor,  J .   E .  M o o r e ,  Jackson; 
Grand  Secretary,  A .  K e n d a l l ,  H ills d a le ; 
Grand Treasurer, W.  S.  M e s t , Jackson.

Grand  Rapids  Conncil  No.  131,  D.  C.  T.

Senior  Counselor,  J o h n   G .  K o l b ;  Secretary- 

Treasurer, L. F. Baker.

Michigan  Commercial  Traielers’  Mutual  Accident  Association 
President, J .   B o y d   P a n t l i n d ,  Grand  Rapids; 
Secretary  and  Treasurer,  G e o .  F .  O w e n , 
Grand Rapids.

Q u a rterly  M eeting  o f  B oard  o f  Directors 

M.  K .  o f G .

In  a 

Jackson,  Sept.  6—The  regular  quar­
terly  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Directors 
of  the  Michigan  Knights  of  the  Grip 
was  called  to  order  by  President  Schrei- 
ber  at  the  Vincent  House,  Saginaw, 
Saturday,  Sept.  I. 
few  remarks 
he  encouraged  every  member  of  the 
Board  by  calling  attention  to  the  prog­
ress  we  are  making,  and  the  able  man­
ner  in  which  our  work  is  being  pushed 
forward  by  those  assisting  him;  he 
spoke  of  the  Northern  mileage book  and 
complimented  Mr.  Waldron,  chairman 
of  the  Railroad  Committee,  for  the  ex­
cellent  work  done  by  him.

G E N E R A L   FU N D   R E C E IP T S .

The  Secretary’s  report  of  receipts 
last  meeting  was  read,  ap­

since  the 
proved  and  placed  on  file,  as  follows:
1900 Annual dues 1537  to  1576.................... $  42 00
G E N E R A L   FU N D   D IS B U R S E M E N T S .
Aug. 4—To O. C. Gould, Treasurer, check
No.  19.........................................................  $  35 00
Aug. 27—ToO. C. Gould, Treasurer,check 
No. 22 ...........................................................  
7 00
$  42 00
Asst  No. 1—1298 to  1308.............................. $  20 00
“  2—1 to 1296 ....................................  2590 00
$2610 00

D E A T H   F U N D   R E C E IP T S .

D E A T H   F U N D   D ISB U R SE M E N T S.

June 23—To  O.  C.  Gould,  Treas.,  check
July  7—To  O.  C.  Gould,  Treas.,  check
July 14—To  O.  C.  Gould,  Treas.,  check
July  21—To  O.  C.  Gould.  Treas.,  check
Aug  4—To  O.  C.  Gould,  Treas.,  check
Aug.  27—To  O.  C.  Gould,  Treas.,  check 

No. 15...........................................................$ 600  00
No.  16 ..........................................................   500  00
No.  17...........................................................   1000  00
No.  18 ...........................................................  300 00
No.  19..........................................................   150  00
No. 23 ...........................................................  60  no
$2610 00
15 New members, $2 each...........................$  30 00
Old members.................................................  
15 00
$  45  00

D E P O S IT   F U N D   R E C E IP T S .

** 

 
 

 
 

D E P O S IT   F U N D   D IS B U R S E M E N T S .

Aug.  27—To  O.  C.  Gould.  Treas.,  check 

T O T A L   R E C E IP T S .

N O.  24.......................................................... $  45 00
Death fund......................................................$2610 oo
General iund..................................................  
42 oo
45 00
Deposit fund................................................... 
$2697 00
The  Treasurer’s  report  was  read  and 

“ 
“ 

** 
“ 

“ 
“ 

“ 
“  

approved,  as  follows:
General fund receipts................................. $ 519 73
“ 
Death 
159J  69
116  0 ■
Deposit  “ 
Total.........................................................$2235  32
General fund disbursements.....................$ 435  21
-  
Death 
....................   2300 00
Deposit  “ 
7100
..................... 
Total.........................................................$2806  21
Balance on hand general fund.................. $  84  52
...................   399  59
•• 
** 
45 00
.................... 
Total........................................... •;..........$ 529  11
47  16
Grand total for all funds on  hand —  $ 576  27
The  Finance  Committee  reported  that 
the reports of the Secretary and Treasurer 
were  correct.  Adopted.

Received  for  expenses  of  Mrs.  Tenant 
fund.............................................................. 

••  death 
*•  deposit 

The  report  of  the  Secretary  on  the 
Mrs.  Tenant  fund  was  approved  and 
accepted,  as  follows;
Received up to present time........................ $ 
Paid to Mrs. Tenant fund...........................  101  00
Expenses  on  this  fund  as  follows: 
Printing  circular  letters,  envelopes and
receipt books................................................$ 
Postage on circular letters and receipts.. 

31  36

241 90

45 °0

v 

$ 
as stated........................................................$ 

Remitted  to treasurer  Gould,  expenses
Cash on hand in bank....................... ......... 
93  74
for  which  I  submit  statement fiom bank.

47 16
47 16

I  feel  that  our  President  and  Board  of 
Directors  should  be  proud  of  our  mem­
bers  for the  cheerful  and  hearty  man­
ner  in  which  they  have  contributed,  and 
I  wish  to  apologize  to  you  for those  who 
have  failed  to  contribute. 
It  is  not  that 
they  did  not  want  to  do  so,  but  most  of 
our  members  are  very  busy  men  and 
are  apt  to  forget  the  small  things.

I  do  not  believe  we  have  a  member 
who  would  not  give 
if  he  understood 
the  case  as  we  do.  We  received  from 
one  member  a $io check ;  two $5 checks ; 
quite  a  number  of  $2.50 and  $2 ;  a 
few 
of  50  and  25  cents  each,  but  the  average 
amount  for  each  was  $1,  all  of  which  I 
respectfully  submit  to  you.

Moved  by  Treasurer  Gould  that  the 
$47.16,  the  expense  of  sending  out  the 
special 
letter,  paid  from  the  general 
fund,  be  returned  to  the  general  fund. 
Carried.

Mr.  Howarn,  who  was  appointed  at 
the  last  Board  meeting to investigate the 
claim  of  Mrs.  Ester  Goldman,  mother 
of  the  late  Ruben  Goldman,  of  Detroit, 
reported  as  follows:

application 

for  membership 

I  have  found  nothing  in  the  way  of 
evidence  that  would  go  to  show  that 
Mr.  Goldman  had  any  knowledge  that 
he  had  consumption  at the  time  of  mak­
ing 
in 
this  order,  therefore  I  would recommend 
that  his  claim  be  allowed. 
I  would 
further  recommend,  in  view  of  the  fact 
that  he  left  an  invalid  child  and  a  wife 
without  any  visible  means  of  support, 
that  the  claim  of  $500 be  made  payable 
in  full  to  Mrs.  Jennie  Goldman,  wife  of 
deceased,  and  that  we  ignore  the  claim 
of  Mrs.  Ester  Goldman,  mother  of  de­
ceased.

that  the 

Mr.  Howarn  moved 

full 
amount  of  the  claim  be  paid  to  Mrs. 
Jennie  Goldman,  wife  of  Ruben  Gold­
man.  After a  lengthy  and  careful  dis­
cussion  by  all  members  of  the  Board, 
the  motion  was  unanimously  carried 
and  the  Secretary  was  instructed  to  no­
tify  Mrs.  Ester  Goldman,  mother  of  the 
late  Ruben  Goldman,  that  after  careful 
investigation  her  claim  of  $250  was 
found  invalid.

The  following  claims  were  approved 

and  allowed :

No.  4,910.  Ruben  Goldman,  Detroit, 
died  May  11  of  tuberculosis.  Wife 
beneficiary.

No.  4,964.  Clarence  R.  Vane,  Chi- 
ago.died  May  12  of  apoplexy.  Daughter 
beneficiary.
No.  3474.  John  Smyth,  Grand  Rap- 
dis,  died  May  26  of  apoplexy.  Wife 
beneficiary.
No.  62.  John  N.  Alexander,  Lansing, 
died  July  12  of  nervous  trouble.  Wife 
beneficiary.

No.  2,280.  M.  F.  Conine,  Plainwell, 
died  Aug.  20  of  paralysis.  Wife  benefi­
ciary.

President  Schreiber  called  on  Mr. 
Waldron, 
chairman  of  the  Railroad 
Committee,  who  explained  the  railroad 
situation  fully,  and  offered  the  follow­
ing  resolution:

Whereas—The  commercial 

travelers 
of  Michigan,  by  their  persistent  agita­
tion  and  earnest  efforts  for  years,  awak­
ened  the  Michigan  railroads  to the point 
where  they  deemed  it  expedient  to  ac­
quiesce  to  such  appeal  and  very  largely 
through  the  instrumentality  of  the  or­
ganization  of  the  Michigan  Knights  of 
the  Grip,  working  in  conjunction  with 
the  said  railroads,  the  Northern mileage 
book  was  the  outcome ;  and
Whereas—The  Northern  mileage book 
has  proven  to  be  one  that  is  satisfactory 
to  the  traveling  fraternity,  and  to  show 
our  appreciation  of  the  good  faith  of 
those  who  now  make  up  this  member­
ship  of  the  Northern  Mileage  Bureau, 
and  to  also  express  our  feelings,  with 
reference  to  the  withdrawal  of  the  Lake 
Shore  Railway,  we  submit  the following 
resolutions;  therefore  be  it

Resolved— That  the  Michigan  roads 
who  now  make  up  the  Northern  Mile­
age  Bureau  be  made  to  feel  that  we  ap­
preciate  their  efforts  in  the  past,  with 
reference  to  the  Northern 
interchange­
able  mileage book,and  do  not hesitate  to 
pronounce 
it  the  best  mileage  book  in 
existence  in  the  United  States.

Resolved— That  we  heartily  appre­
ciate  the  stamina  manifested  by  the 
present  members  of  the  Northern  Mile­

age  Bureau  by  their  insisting  on  such  a 
book,  as  they  know  meets  the views  and 
wishes  of  the  traveling  public.

Resolved—That  we  emphatically  ex­
press  our  disapproval  of  the  action  of 
the  Lake  Shore  Railway,  in  withdraw­
ing  from  the  Northern  Mileage  Bureau, 
and  construe  such  action  on  the  part  of 
said  railway  as  manifestly  ignoring  the 
wishes  of  the  Michigan  traveling  pub­
lic,  and 
in  direct  antagonism  of  their 
best  interests,  and  the  only  natural  out­
come  of  such  action 
is  that  the  Michi­
gan  Knights  of  the  Grip  and  commer­
cial  travelers  generally  will  influence 
their  business 
in  the  territory  covered 
by  the  said  Lake  Shore  and  divert  such 
business  to  the  members  of  the  North­
ern  Mileage  Bureau,  wherever  possible, 
and  further  enlist  the  shipping 
inter­
ests  of  the  State  in  the  same  direction.
Resolved— That  the Michigan Knights 
of  the  Grip  take  up  this  subject  with 
their  sister  organizations 
in  Ohio  and 
Indiana,  and  assist  them  wherever  pos­
sible 
in  their  efforts  to  have  the  form 
and  uses  of  the  Northern  mileage  book 
extended  to  their  territory,  thus  doing 
away  with  the  present  friction  existing 
between  the  Northern  and  Central  ter­
ritory.
The 

resolutions  were  unanimously 

adopted  by  the  Board.

Mr.  Howarn  offered  the  following  res­

olution,  which  was  adopted :

Whereas— Our  Committee  on  Rail­
roads  has  taken  up  the  matter  of  the 
mileage  question  and  the  withdrawal  of 
the  L.  S.  &  M.  S.  Railway  from  the 
Northern Mileage Bureau ; therefore be  it
Resolved—That  the  Board  of  Direc­
tors  of  the  Michigan  Knights  of  the 
Grip, 
in  regular  meeting  assembled, 
heartily  commend  the  good  work  and 
zeal  of  our  Railroad  Committee,  under 
the  able  management  of  its  chairman,
E.  P.  Waldron,  and  that  we  realize  that 
the  railroad  interests  of  our organization 
are  amply  safeguarded  in  the  hands  of 
this  competent  Committee.

Mr.  Gould  moved  that  the  Secretary 
confer  with  the  various  organizations  of 
commercial  men  in  Ohio,  Indiana  and 
Illinois,  and  ask  for  their  co-operation 
with  us 
in  our  efforts  to  extend  the 
Northern  Mileage  Bureau.  Adopted.

The 

following 

report  was  received 

and  adopted :

Your  Committee  on  Amendments  to 
the  Constitution,  appointed  to  investi­
gate  the  advisability  of  amending  the 
constitution  by  changing  the  present 
application  blank,  with  a  view  to  ex­
cluding  undesirable  applicants  on  ac­
count  of  disability  or  bodily  ailments, 
deem  it  inadvisable  to  change  the  pres­
ent  form  of  application,  believing  that 
the  present  form  covers  all  requirements 
of  a  benevolent  organization.

Mr.  Weston  moved  that  the  Secretary 
be 
instructed  to  send  out  the  assess­
ment  notices  with  two  cent  stamps.

Carried.
The  following  resolution  was  offered 

by  President  Schreiber ;

Whereas—Article  VII.,  Sec.  1,  of  the 
constitution  provides  that  the  annual 
meeting  shall  be  held  on  the  last  Tues­
day  and  Wednesday of each  year,  unless 
either  of  such  days  falls  on  a  holiday, 
when  the  same  shall  be  called  at  such  a 
time  as  may  be  decided  upon  by  the 
Board  of  Directors,  and

Whereas—Christmas  of  this  year  falls 

on  Tuesday ;  be  it  therefore

Resolved—That  the  annual  meeting 
of  the  Michigan  Knights  of  the  Grip  be 
held  on  Thursday  and  Friday,  Decem­
ber  27  and  28,  1900.  Carried.

Director  Randall  moved  that  an  as­
sessment  be  called  Sept.  10  to close Oct. 
10.  Carried.
Mr.  Smith  moved  that  the  Secretary
be  allowed  $50  for  postage  for  next  as­
sessment.  Carried.
that  a  special 
Board  meeting  be  held in  Detroit,  Nov. 
17  at  the  Griswold  House.  Carried. 

Mr.  Smith  moved 

The  following  bills  were  allowed;
Hunt Printing  Co............................................ $34 64
C. & J. Gregory, printing..............................  
3 25
Office supplies.................................................. 
6 63
A. W. Stitt,  stamps........................................   50 00
Secretary’s salary............................................  441 00
Treasurer's  salary..........................................  53 04
A. W. Stitt, stamps July 31...........................  60 00
E. J. Schreiber................................................. 
3 02
Geo. H. Randall............................................... 
3 02
6 31
J. A. Weston..................................................... 

E X P E N S E S   O F  B O A R D   M E E T IN G .

\

M. E. Stockwell..............................................  
M. Howarn......................................................  
A. W.  Stitt....................................................... 

8  20
4  88
7  75
On  motion  of  Mr.  Gould,  the  follow­

ing  resolution  was  adopted  ;

Resolved—That  pending  the  invita­
tion  from  any  city  for the  annual  meet­
ing  of  the  Michigan  Knights  of  the 
Grip,the  President  is  hereby  authorized 
to  locate  at  his  discretion  the  place  of 
meeting.

The  following  resolutions  was  unani­

mously  adopted :

Whereas—The  genial  proprietors  of 
the  Hotel  Vincent  have  extended  so 
many  courtesies  to  this  Board  and  their 
ladies  on  the  occasion  of  the  quarterly 
Board  meetings ;  be  it  therefore

Resolved— That  a 

rising  vote  of 
thanks  be  tendered  the  proprietors  of 
this  popular  hostelry  for  the  kind  treat­
ment  and  many  favors  extended ;  and 
be  it  further

Resolved—That  these  resolutions  be 
spread  on  the  minutes  of  the  meeting 
and  a  copy  be  transmitted  to  Messrs. 
Peterson 
it  Clark ;  also  that  these  reso­
lutions  be  published 
in  the  Michigan 
Tradesman,  Storekeeper and  other trade 
journals.

President  Schreiber  complimented 
the  Board  on  the  careful,  earnest  work 
done  by  each of them,  from 8  a.  m.  until 
5  p.  m.,  except  a  short  time  taken  for 
lunch.  He  spoke  of  the  different  com­
mittees  and  the  work  they  are  doing 
and  felt  we  had  made  no  mistake  in  our 
selection  of  members  of  the  Board.

A.  W.  Stitt,  Sec’y.

H e  Understood  th e  Situation.

Teacher— If  your  father  gave  your 
mother  $3  to-day  and  $10 to-morrow, 
what  would  she  have?

Small  Boy— She’d  have  a  fit.

ILIUtJLiUtitJLiLIULIL&JLiUUULlUtiULgJUtjl

1  Geo. 5.  Smith

3  

99 N. Ionia St. 

^

®j  Phone  1214 

Grand Rapids, Mich,  r

3  

2 
3 

M A K E R   O F 

Store and  Office 

Fixtures 

C

jo
E

3   them  right, too.  Maybe you wish 
2   to know more about  it;  if  you  do,
2   send  in your plans and let  me  fig-
3   ure with you. 
If  I  furnish  plans  I  C
2   charge  a  fair  price  for  them,  but  g  
2   they are right. 
»
mnrmr» mmmrvnnnnnrmrmnnnr

Young  men  and  women  admitted  any  week  In 
the year  Every graduate  secures  employment. 
Living expenses low.  Write for catalogue.

E.  C.  BISSO N ,  M uskegon,  M ich.

American  Jewelry  Co.,

Manufacturers and Jobbers of

Jewelry  and  Novelties

45  and  46  Tower  Block,
Grand  Rapids,  Mich.

Bryan Show Cases

Always  please.  Write for 
handsome  new  catalogue.

Bryan  Show  Case  Works,

Bryan, Ohio.

9 0

M I C H I G A N   T R A D E S M A N

W H O LESALE  DRUG T R AD E.

Som e  Im p ortan t  Changes  W ith in  Four 

D erades.

If  a  drug  jobber  of  i860  should  awake 
from  a  Rip  Van  Winkle  sleep 
in  1900 
at  the  same  desk  and,  with  the  drug 
documents  before  him  of  the  present 
day,  begin  his  daily  routine  of  work,  he 
would  be  lost  indeed.  Should  the  power 
be  given  him  to  go  back  and  pick  up 
the  threads  of  the  changes  that  have 
taken  place,  to  bring  him  up  to  date, 
he  would  have  many  surprises  and  too 
much  to 
few  years  in 
which  he  had  to  live.

for  the 

learn 

Drugs  in  plenty,  chemicals  and essen­
tial  oils  in  good  supply,  he  had ;  patent 
medicines,  pharmaceutical  preparations 
and  medicated  plasters  in  very 
limited 
1  believe  I  am  right  in  stat­
quantity. 
ing  that  in  the  ’60s  there  was  only  one 
prominent  manufacturer  of  fluid 
ex­
tracts  and  pharmaceutical  preparations, 
while  to-day  the  druggists  are  supplied

macist,  but  a  middleman,  distributing 
patent  medicines,  pharmaceutical  prep­
arations,  patented  chemicals,  etc.  He 
finds  that  his  careful  study  and  knowl­
edge  of  the drug business  proper are now 
of  little  use  to  him,  manufacturers  do­
ing  all  the  work  for  him,  posting  the 
retail  druggist  and  physician  with  lit­
erature  covering  the  medicinal  value 
and  beauty  of  their  productions.

The  nauseous castor  oil  ¡snow  in  cap­
sules  and  the  bitter  aloes 
in  sugar 
coated  pills  and  all  other crude drugs  he 
formerly  sold  are  now  administered  in 
tasteless  form.

The  success  of  the  wholesale  drug 
business  of  to-day  depends  upon  care­
ful  buying  and  stocking  only  the  best 
drugs  and  essential  oils  and  products  of 
the  most  carefully  managt-d laboratories. 
It  is  said  that  there  is  a  patent  medi­
cine  born  every  hour  of  the  day.  An­
other  authority  says,  “ Out  of  the  five 
thousand  patent  medicines  put  on  the

T he  Drug:  Market..

Opium— Is 

changed.

steady  and  price  un­

Morphine— Is  steady.
Quinine—There  has  been  no  change 
in price  during  the  past week.  German 
and  American  manufacturers  are  both 
selling  at  the  same  price.

Alcohol—Advanced  4c  per  gallon  on 
Friday,  on  account  of  the  improved  de­
mand  and small stocks, and higher prices 
for  corn.

Cantharides— Are  very  scarce  and  the 

price  is  very  firm.

Cocaine— Manufacturers 

ad­
vanced  their  price  75c  per  ounce,  due 
to  the  active  demand  and  small  stocks, 
both  here  and  abroad.  Raw  material  is 
also  scarce.

have 

Cocoa  Butter— Prices  are  firm  and 

have  again  advanced.

Cod  Liver  Oil— Is  firm.  As  the  con­
suming  season  is  at  hand,  higher  prices 
are  looked  for.

Nitrate  Silver— Has  been  advanced  ic 
per  ounce,  on  account  of  higher  prices 
for  metal.

Essential  Oils— Caraway  seed  has  ad­
vanced,  on  account  of  higher  price  for 
seed.  Cedar 
is  very  scarce  and 
has  almost  doubled  in  price  in  the  last 
three  months.  Pennyroyal  has  declined. 
Wormwood  is  lower.

leaf 

Gum  Camphor— Is  very  firm  at  the 
recent  advance  and  higher  prices  are 
looked  for.

Golden  Seal—Is  very  firm. 

Stocks 

are  small  and  the  demand  is  good.

Linseed  Oil— Has  declined.

Rurning;  Your  M oney.

Instead  of  burning  your  money  why 
not  bum  the  Exemplar  5c  cigar  and  get 
the  worth  of  your  money?

It  pays to  push

Maus’
Headache
Powders

25c size $135  per doz. 
10c  size 
.50  per doz.

A   beautiful  S patula 
free  with  the  first  or­
der  of  one  dozen  or 
more.

Ask  your  jobber  to 
send  you  a  dozen  with 
your  next  order  or 
write
Maus’  Drug  Store

Kalamazoo,  Mich

IDO you sell wall paper

■
■

 
 

* 

£  

by  seven  or eight  very large institutions. 
The  line  is  growing  and  is  developing 
into  one  of great  importance.  He  would 
find  his  crude  drugs  being  sold  in  the 
form  of  tablets,  pills  and  fluid  extracts.
The  mortar  and  pestle  are  under  the 
counter,  the  pill  machine  is  on  a  back 
shelf,  and  the  plaster  iron  has  been  lost 
sight  of.  He  would  find  his  large  paint, 
oil,  varnish  and  brush 
trade  in  the 
hands  of  a  few  manufacturers  selling 
direct  to  his  customers,  with  the  excep­
tion  of  the  staples  on  which  there  is  no 
profit,  such  as  lead,  oil  and  turpentine. 
In  dye  stuff,  his  carload  orders  for  log­
wood, 
fustic,  ceroons  of 
cochineal  and  many  other  articles  used 
in  family  dyeing have passed to package 
dyes  and  anilines.

nickwood, 

During  his  sleep 

the  drug  sundry 
business  was  greatly  enlarged  upon  and 
then  passed  to  the  bazaar  and  dry goods 
stores;  in  fact,  he  finds  himself  no  long­
er  a  drug  dealer,  catering  to  the  phar-

Therefore  much 

market  each  year,  less  than  one hundred 
survive.”  
caution 
must  be  used  in  buying  this  line,  so  as 
not  to  accumulate  dead  stock  by  pur­
chasing  the  forty-nine  hundred  that  do 
not  succeed.  Great  care  is  necessary  in 
the  conduct  of  the  business,  and,  not­
withstanding  the  enormous  amount  of 
poison  handled  by  the  jobber,  I  do  not 
know  of  an  instance  where  carelessness 
on  his  part  has  caused  a  single  fatality.
Credits  are  more closely looked to than 
formerly  and  time  is  reduced.  The  suc­
cessful  retail  drug  merchant  of  the  day 
discounts  his  bills,  and  at  the  present 
time  75  per  cent,  of  the  accounts  of  the 
drug  jobber  take  care  of  themselves.  In 
olden  times  four  months  was  given. 
This  has  been reduced  to sixty  davs  and 
the  question  of  thirty  days’  time  is  now 
being  agitated.

The  wholesale  drug  business  was 
never 
in  so  healthful  a  condition  as  at 
present.  Sales  are  very  large  and  col­
lections  good.  Prices  are  fairly  steady 
and  no  radical  changes  are  expected  for 
the  remainder of  the  year.

Henry  B.  Fairchild.

If  so,  you  of  course  desire  to  see  the  line  that  is
the  most  advantageous  for  you  to  buy  from  a 
point  of  profit  and  selection.  We  want  to  say 
emphatically  that  we  will  show  for  the  coming
season  the  Finest  and  Most  Select  assortment  of
Wall  Paper  on  the  market.  W e  have  selected 
with  extreme  care  the  best  and  most salable  pat­
terns  from  the very foremost factories in the  U. S.

Our  Prices  Will  Certainly  Interest

You

In  addition  to  our  new line  we have to  offer over
1,000,000  rolls  of  Snaps 
in  Wall  Papers  of  very 
desirable  patterns.  W e  purchased  the  entire 
stock  on  hand  of  two  of  the  leading  factories, 
therefore  we  are  in  position  and  will  offer  these 
It  will  be  decidedly  to 
at  v e r y  
your  interest  to  defer  placing  any  orders  for  Wall 
Papers,  whether  for  immediate  or  future  use, 
until  you  see  our  assortment.  Our  salesman 
will  call  in  due  season  or,  if  not  soon  enough, 
write  us  and  we  will  gladly  send  samples.

l o w   p r i c e s . 

^
m
■
a

HEYSTEK  & CANFIELD CO.

The  Michigan  W all  Paper Jo b b ers 

Grand  Rapids,  Mich.

M I C H I G A N   T R A D E S M A N

« 1

WHOLESALE  DRUG  PRICE  CURRENT

A d van ced —Cocaine, Alcohol. Nitrate Silver  Oil Cedar 
D eclin ed—Oil Wormwood, Oil Pennyroyal,  Linseed Oil.

A cidum

e
£
if
14

4® 
6® 
13® 
12® 

Aceticum  .................$  6@$ 
£
70®  71
Renzoicum, German. 
Boracic......................  
i;
@ 
Carbolicum............... 
30®  4‘,
46®  4£
Citricum..................... 
3® 
t
Hydrochlor.............. 
8®  K
Nltrocum..................  
Oxallcum................... 
12®  
14
®  U
Phosphorluni,  d il... 
Sallcyllcum  .............. 
56®  61
Sulphuricum............  Hi® 
f
Tannicum.................   l  10®  l  21
Tartaricum  .............. 
38®  4(
A m m onia
Aqua, 16 deg.............. 
Aqua, 20 deg.............. 
f  arbonas................... 
Chloridum................. 
A n ilin e
Black..........................  2  00® 2  21
Brown........................  
80®  1  0C
Red............................. 
48®  5C
Yellow........................  2  50® 3 0«
Baccae
Cubebae...........po,25  22© 
.1 uni [terns..................  
6© 
Xauthoxylum..........  
75© 
Balsam nm
Copaiba..................... 
Peru  .......................... 
Terabln,  Canada__  
Tolutan................... 
Cortex
Abies, Canadian....... 
Cassia*........................  
Cinchona  Klava....... 
Kuonymus atropurp. 
Myrlca Cerlfera, po. 
Primus Vlrglnl........  
QuUlata, g r d ............ 
Sassafras........po. 15 
Ulmus...po.  15. gr’d 
Extractum
Glycyrrhiza  Glabra. 
Glycyrrhiza,  po.......  28© 
30
11©  12
Haematox, 15 lb. box 
14
13© 
Haematox. i s ............ 
Haematox,  Ms..........  
14© 
15
Haematox,  Ms— ... 
16© 
17

5E
©  l  85
45
45

50© 
40© 
40© 

l£
12
i£
30
20
12
12
12
15

24
£
8«

24© 25

Ferro

Carbonate  l’reclp... 
Citrate and  Quinia.. 
Citrate  Soluble......... 
Ferrocyanidum Sol.. 
Solut. Chloride......... 
Sulphate,  com’l....... 
Sulphate,  com’l,  by
bbt, per  cwt..........  
Sulphate,  pure......... 

Flora

Arnica.......................  
Anthemls................... 
Matricaria................. 

F olia

16
2  26
76
40
15
2
80
7

15@ 
22® 
30© 

li
25
35

30
25
30
20
10

28© 
20© 
25© 
12© 
8© 

Barosma....................  
Cassia Acutifol,  Tin-
nevelly................... 
Cassia, Acutifol, Alx. 
Salvia officinalis,  14s
and M s................... 
UvaUrsi..................... 
G um m i
65
© 
Acacia, 1st picked... 
© 
46
Acacia,2d  picked... 
35
© 
Acacia, 3d  picked... 
@ 2 8
Acacia, sifted  sorts. 
Acacia, po.................  
65
45© 
12© 14
Aloe, Barb. po.l8@20 
Aloe, Cape__ po. 15. 
© 12
@ 3 0
Aloe,  Socotri.. po. 40 
60
55® 
Ammoniac.................  
30
Assafcetida.. ..po. 30  28© 
Benzoinum...............  
55
50® 
13
© 
Catechu, i s ...............  
14
© 
Catechu, Ms.............. 
Catechu, Ms.............. 
io
@ 
73
(  am [>h on e................ 
6»® 
40
Euphorbium...po. 35  @ 
Gatbanum.................  
® 1 0 0
70
Gamboge..............po  65® 
Guaiacum........po. 25 
® 30
Kino............po. $0.76 
® 
75
Mastic  ......................  
@  60
Myrrh...............po.  45  @ 4 0
Opii__ po.  4.80@5.0't  3  50®  3 60
25®  35
Shellac......................  
Shellac, bleached—  
40®  45
Tragaeanth............... 
50® 
80
H erba

Absinthium. .oz. pkg 
Eupatorium..oz. pkg 
l o b elia .........oz. pkg 
Majorum__ oz. pkg 
Mentha Pip. , oz. pkg 
Mentha Vfr..oz. pkg 
Rue................oz. pkg 
Tanacetum V oz. pkg 
Chymus, V .. .oz. pkg 
M agnesia
Calcined, Pat............ 
Carbonate, Pat......... 
Carbonate,  K. & M.. 
’arbonate, Jennings 

O leum

25
20
25
28
23
25
39
22
25

55®  60
18®  20
18®  20
18®  20

38® 

Absinthium..............  5 75®  6  00
Amygdalae,  D ulc.... 
65
Amygdalae,  Amarae.  8 00® 8 25
A nisi..........................  2  10®  2 20
Auranti Cortex.........  2 25®  2 
Bergamll...................  2  75®  2 85
Cajiputl.....................  80®   85
Caryophylll............... 
75® 
80
50®  70
Cedar........................  
Chenopadil...............  
@ 2  76
Cinnamonli..............  l  30®  l 40
Cltronella.................  
38®  40

Conium Mac.............  
so®
Copaiba....................   i  is@
Cubebae.....................  i  20®
Exechthitos.............   l  oo@
Erigeron...................  i  oo®
Gaultheria...............  a oo®
Geranium, ounce.... 
@
Gossippii, Sem. gal.. 
50®
Hedeoma...................   l no®
Junipera....................  i so®
Lavendula  ...............  90®
Limonis................... 
i  40®
Mentha  Piper..........  l  26®
Mentha Verld...........   l 50®
Morrhuae, S al..........   l  20®
Myrcia......................  4  00®
75®
Olive.......................... 
Picis  Liquida..........  
10®
@
Plcls Liquida,  gal... 
Rlcina........................  i  co®
Rosmarini.................  
@
Rosae. ounce..............  6 00@
Succini......................  
40®
Sabina......................   90®
Santal........................   2 75®
Sassafras...................  60 a
Sinapis,  ess., ounce. 
@
Tiglii.........................   1  50®
Thyme........................  40©
Thyme, opt...............  
@
Theobromas  ............ 
15 a
Potassium
Bi-Carb......................  
15®
I3@
Bichromate.............. 
52@
Brom ide................... 
12®
C arb.......................... 
Chlorate... po. 17® 19 
16®
Cyanide..................... 
35®
Iodide........................   2 60®
Potassa, Bitart, pure  28® 
Potassa, Bitart. com.  @ 
Potass Nitras, opt... 
7@
Potass  Nitras..........  
6®
Prussiate................... 
23®
Sulphate  po.............. 
is®

Radix

Aconitum...................  20@
Althae........................ 
22®
Anchusa................... 
io®
Arum  po................... 
©
Calamus....................  
20®
12®
Gentiana........ po. 15 
16®
Glychrrhiza..  |>v.  15 
@
Hydrastis  Canaden. 
@
Hydrastis Can., po.. 
Hellebore, Alba. po. 
12®
Inula,  po................... 
is®
Ipecac, po.................  4  25®
Iris  plox.,.po. 35@38  35®
Jalapa,  pr................. 
25®
@
Maranta,  Ms............ 
22®
Podophyllum,  po... 
Rhei...........................  
75®
@
Rhei,  cut................... 
Rhei, pv....................  
75©
35®
Spigelia..................... 
Sauguinaria..  |»o.  15 
®
Serpentaria.............. 
40®
60®
Senega......................  
Smilax, officinalis H.  @
Smilax, M.................  
@
Scillae............. po.  36  10®
Symplocarpus, Foeti-
dus,  po................... 
@
Valeriana. Eng. po.30  @
Valeriana,  German. 
15@
Zingiber a ................. 
12®
Zingiber J................... 
2S@

Semen

Anisum.......... po.  15  @
Apium (graveleons). 
13@
Bird, is ......................  
4®
Canii............... po.  18  12®
Cardamon.................   1  25®
Coriandrum............... 
8®
Cannabis Sativa.......  4  @
Cydonium.................  
75®
10®
Cnenopodium..........  
Dipterlx Odorate__   1  00®
Fceniculum............... 
@
7@
Fcenugreek, po........  
L ini............................  3M@
Lini, grd.......bbl. 3M 
4®
Lobelia...................... 
35®
Pharlaris Canarian..  4M@
R apa.........................   4M@
Sinapis  Alba............ 
9®
Sinapis  Nigra..........  
ll@
Spiritus

Frumenti,  W. 1). Co.  2 00@
Frumenti,  I). F.  R..  2 00®
Frumenti..................  1  25®
Juniperls Co. O. T...  1  65®
Junlperis  Co............  1  75®
Saacharum  N. E __   1  90@
Spt. Vini Galli..........  1  75®
Vini  Oporto..............  1  25®
Vini Alba..................   1  25®

Sponges 
Florida sheeps’ wool
carriage.................  2  50®
Nassau sheeps’ wool
carriage..................  2 50®
Velvet extra sheeps’
wool, carriage....... 
@
Extra yellow sheeps’
@
wool, carriage....... 
Grass  sheeps’  wool,
carriage.................  
@
Hard, for slate use.. 
@
Yellow  R e e f,  for
slate use.................  
@
Syrups
A cacia....................... 
Auranti Cortex......... 
Zingiber..................... 
Ipecac........................  
Ferri Iod................... 
Rhei  Arom...............  
Smilax  Officinalis... 
Senega......................  
Scillae.......................... 

@
@
@
@
@
@
50®
@
®

30

Scillae  Co................... 
Tolutan...................... 
Prunus  virg.............. 
T inctures
Aconitum Napellis K 
Aconitum Napellis F 
A loes........................  
Aloes and Myrrh__  
A rnica......................  
Assafoetida................ 
Atrope Belladonna.. 
Auranti Cortex........  
Benzoin..................... 
Benzoin Co................ 
Barosma....................  
Cantharides.............. 
Capsicum.................. 
Cardamon................. 
Cardamon Co............ 
Castor........................ 
Catechu..................... 
Cinchona................... 
Cinchona Co.............. 
Columba................... 
Cubebae......................  
Cassia Acutifol........  
Cassia Acutifol Co... 
Digitalis..................... 
Ergot.......................... 
Ferri  Chloridum__  
Gentian..................... 
Gentian Co...............  
Guiaca........................ 
Guiaca ammon........  
Hyoscyamus.............. 
Iodine  ..................... 
Iodine, colorless___ 
Kino  .......................... 
Lobelia...................... 
Myrrh........................ 
Nux Vomica.............. 
Opii............................. 
Opii, comphorated.. 
Opii, deodorized....... 
Quassia..................... 
Rhatany..................... 
Rhei...........................  
Sauguinaria............. 
Serpentaria.............. 
Stramonium.............. 
Tolutan..................... 
Valerian  ................... 
Veratrum  Veride... 
Zingiber....................  

@ 5 0
@  50
@  50

60
50
60
60
50
50
60
50
60
50
50
75
50
75
76
1  00
5o
5o
60
So
5o
5o
5o
5o
5o
36
5o
60
5o
60
So
75
75
5o
5o
5o
80
75
60
1  5o
5o
5o
5o
5p
By
60
6jj
5j,
5q
2y

M iscellaneous 

30@  36
Ether, Spts. Nit. ? F 
34®  38
.Ether, Spts. Nit. 4 F 
Alum en.......  ..........   2M@ 
3
Alumen,  gro’d..po. 7 
3® 
4
Annatto.....................  
50
40® 
4® 
Antimoni, po............ 
5
Antimoniet Potass T  40®  50
®  26
Antipyrin.................  
20
© 
Antiiebrin  ...............  
50
Argenti Nitras, oz... 
@ 
Arsenicum............... 
  10®  
12
Balm  Gilead  Buds.. 
33®  40
Bismuth S. N............  1  90®  2  00
@ 
Calcium Chlor.,  Is... 
9
@  10
Calcium Chlor.,  Ms.. 
@  12
Calcium Chlor.,  Ms.. 
@  75
Cantharides, Rus.po 
@  16
Capsici Fructus, a f.. 
@  15
Capsici  Fructus, po. 
@  16
Capsici Fructus B, po 
Caryophyllus.. po.  15 
12@  14
Carmine, No. 40....... 
@ 3 00
Cera Alba.................  
50®  55
40®  42
Cera  Flava...............  
Coccus...................... 
@  40
@ 3 5
Cassia  Fructus........  
Centraria................... 
10
@ 
Cetaceum................... 
@  45
Chloroform  .............. 
55® 
60
Chloroform,  squibbs  @  1  10 
Chloral Hyd Crst..,.  1  65@  1  90
Chondrus.................. 
20®  25
Cinchonidine.P. & W  38®  48
38@  48
Cinchonidine, Germ. 
Cocaine......................  6  55® 6 75
70
Corks, list, dis. pr. ct. 
Creosotum................. 
@  35
2
@ 
Creta............. bbl. 75 
Creta, prep...............  
@ 
5
Creta,  precip............ 
9® 
11
Creta,  Rubra............ 
©  
8
18
Crocus...................... 
15® 
Cudbear....................  
24
@ 
8
Cupri  Sulph..............  6H@ 
10
7® 
Dextrine................... 
Ether Sulph.............  
75@  90
Emery, all numbfc.s. 
@ 
8
Emery, po................. 
@ 
6
Ergota.......... po. 90  85@  90
Flake  White............ 
12® 
15
@  23
Galla.......................... 
Gambler................... 
9
8® 
@ 
Gelatin,  Cooper....... 
60
60
Gelatin, French....... 
36@ 
75 &  5
Glassware,  flint, box 
Less than box....... 
70
11® 
Glue, brown.............. 
13
Glue,  white.............. 
25
15@ 
Glycerina...................  17 M@ 
25
Grana Paradisi......... 
@  25
Humulus................... 
25®  55
Hydrarg  Chlor  Mite  @  95
Hydrarg  Chlor Cor..  @  85
@  1  05 
Hydrarg  Ox  Rub’m. 
©   1  17 
Hydrarg  Ammoniati 
HydrargUnguentum 
50@  60
Hydrargyrum.......... 
@  85
IcnthyoDolla,  Am... 
65@  70
Indigo........................ 
75©  1  00
Iodine,  Resubi........   3 85®  4  00
Iodoform...................  3 85®  4  00
Lupulln......................  
@ 5 0
Lycopodium.............. 
70®  75
M acis........................ 
65®  75
Liquor Arsen et  Hy­
drarg Iod...............  
@ 2 5
LiquorPotassArsinit 
12
10® 
2® 
Magnesia,  Sulph—  
3
Magnesia, Sulph, bbl  @  1M 
Mannia, S,  F . . ........ 
80®  60

@ 40
©

18 Linseed,  bo iled   .

Menthol....................
@ 3 50 Seidlltz Mixture.......
20® 22 Linseed, pure raw...
68
65
Morphia, S., P.& W. 2  25® 2 50 Sinapis......................
69
Morphia, S., N. Y. Q.
Sinapis,  opt..............
@ 30 Neatsfoot. winter str
60
54
& C. Co................... 2  15® 2 40 Snuff, Maccaboy, De
4S
55
Spirits  Turpentine..
Moschus  Canton__
V oes......................
@ 41
Myristica, No.  1.......
65© 80 Snutf.Scotch.DeVo’s
@ 41
Paints
B B L .
L B .
Nux Vomica...po.  15
10 Soda, Boras..............
9® 11
Os Sepia....................
9® 11 Red  Venetian..........
35® 37 Soda,  Boras, po.......
1M  2 @8
Pepsin Saac. II. & P.
23® 25 Ochre, yellow  Mars. Hi  2 @4
Soda et Potass Tart.
D  Co......................
1M@ 2 Ochre, yellow B er...
@ 1 00 Soda,  Carb...............
1M  2 @3
Picis Liu. N.N.M gal.
5 Putty,  commercial..
Soda,  Bi-Carb..........
2M  2M@3
3®
doz..........................
@ 2 00 Soda,  Ash.................
4 Putty, strictly  pure.
2M  2M®3
3M®
Picis Liq., quarts__
@ 2 Vermilion,  P r im e
@ 1 00 Soda,  Sulphas..........
Picis Liq.,  pints.......
13® 15
American..............
@ 85 Spts. Cologne............
@ 2  60
Pil Hydrarg. ..po.  80
70® 75
50® 55 Vermilion. English..
@ 50 Spts. Ether  Co........
@  2  00 Green,  Paris............
14® 18
Piper  Nigra., .po. 22
@ 18 Spts. Myrcia Dom...
13® 16
Green, Peninsular...
Piper  Alba.. ..po. 35
® 30 Spts. Vini Rect.  bbl.
@
Pilx Burgun..........
Lead,  red..................
6  @ 6M
7 Spts. Vini Rect. Mbbl
©
@
Plumb! Acet......
Lead,  white.............. 6  @ 6M
10@ 12 Spts. Vini Rect. lOgal
@
Whiting, white Span
Pulvis Ipecac et Opii 1  30® 1 50 Spts. Vini Rect. 5 gal
® 86
@
Strychnia, Crystal... 1  05® 1  25 Whiting, gilders’__
Py rethrum, boxes 11.
@ 90
2M@ 4 White, Paris, Amer.
& P. I). Co., doz...
@ 75 Sulphur.  Subl..........
@ 1  26
Pyrethrum,  pv.........
2M@ 3M Whiting, Paris,  Eng.
25@ 30 Sulphur, Roll............
cliff.........................
Quassia*....................
® 1  40
8® 10 Tamarinds...............
-  8® 10
28® 30 Universal  Prepared. 1  10® 1  20
Quinia, S. P. &  W...
39® 49 Terelienth  Venice...
Quinia, S.  German..
39® 49 Theobroma*...............
60® 65
Quinia, N. Y..............
39@ 49 Vanilla...................... 9 00® 16  00
Rubla Tinctorum....
12® 14 Zinci Sulph..............
7®
8
Saccharum Lactis pv
18® 20
Oi Ik
Kalactn...................... 4  50@ 4 75
Sanguis  Draconis...
40® 50
Sapo,  W....................
12® 14 Whale, winter....
Sapo M ......................
10® 12 Lard, extra................
Sapo  G ......................
@ 15 Lard, No. 1...............

No. 1 Turp  Coach... 1  1C® 1  20
Extra Turp............... 1  60® 1  70
B B L .  C. A L Coach  Body.............. 2  75® 3  00
1  no® 1  10
70 No. 1 Turp Film.
70 Extra Turk  Damar.. 1  55® 1  60
50 Jap.Dryer.No.lTurp
7l@ 7F

Varnishes

70
60
45

OUR

HOLIDAY

LINE

W ill  be  displayed  at

Grand  Rapids,  Mich.

State  Fair  W eek

Sept.  24  to  29

1900

W e  invite you  to  come  in 

and  inspect  the  most  complete  line  of 

Holiday  Goods  ever  shown  in 

Michigan.

Hazeltine  &  Perkins 

Drug  Co.

92

M I C H I G A N   T R A D E S M A N

GROCERY  PRICE  CURRENT

Guaranteed  correct  at  time  of  issue.  Not  connected

P ea rl  B a rle y

Common.................................
Chester................................... 2 75
Empire....................................3  16

Walsh-DeRoo  Co.’s Brand.

G rits

with  any jobbing* house.

A D V A N C E D

C leaned  C urran ts 
J e lly   in   P a ils 
C h in a  Cassia

'

C elery  Seed  M ustard  Seed

A L A B A S T I N E

■White in drums..................... 
9
Colors in drums.....................  10
White in packages................  10
Colors in packages................ 
ll
Less 40 per cent discount.

doz.  gross

A X L E   G R E A S E
Aurora............................55 
Castor  Oil.......................60 
Diamond........................ 50 
Frazer’s ..........................75 
IXL Golden, tin boxes 75 

6 00
7 00
4 25
9 00
9 00

M ica, tin  boxes..........75 
Paragon....................... 55 

9  00
6  00
Per Doz.
Arctic 12 oz. ovals.................  85
Arctic pints, round............... l  20

AMMONIA

BA K IN G   POW DER 

A cm e

A rctic
Egg

14 lb. cans 3 doz...................  45
4  lb. cans 3 doz...................  75
1 
lb. cans l  doz...................l  00
Bulk.........................................   10
6 oz. Gng. Tumblers..............  90
M lb. cans,  4 doz. case......3 75
4  lb. cans.  2 doz. case......3 75
1 lb. cans, 
l doz. case......3  75
5 lb. cans.  4  doz. case......8 00
5 lb. cans, 4  doz. in case__ 8  on
1 lb. cans,  4 doz. in case__ 2 00 j
9 oz. cans,  4 doz  in case__ 1 25
6 oz. cans,  6 doz. in case__   75
X  lb. cans per doz...............  75
4  lb. cans per doz...............l  20
1 
lb. cans per doz...............2 00 |
X  lb. cans, 4 doz. case........   35 j
4  lb. cans, 4 doz. case.........  55
1 
lb. cans. 2 doz. case.........  90

El  Purity

T h e  “ 400”

H om e

JAXON

Queen  F la k e

X  lb. cans, 4 doz. case........   45
X lb. cans, 4 doz. case.........  85
1 
lb. cans. 2 doz. case........ 1  60
3 oz., 6 doz. case......................2 70
6 oz., 4 doz. case......................3 20
9 oz., 4 doz. case......................4 80
1 lb., 2 doz. case......................4 00
5 lb.,  l doz. case......................9 oo

R o ya l

10c size__   86
X  lb.  cans  1  30 
6 oz. cans,  l  80 
Yt lb.  cans  2  40 
X lb.  cans 3 60 
1 lb.  cans.  4  65 
31b.  cans. 12  75 
5 lb.  cans.21  oo

BATH  BRICK

American................................   70
English....................................   so

B L U IN G

CtpwsED
¡3® S l5k
B tu lfiG

BROOMS

¡small 3 uoz.............................   ^
Large, 2 doz................................75
Arctic, 4 oz, per gross...........4 00
Arctic, 8 oz, per gross...........6 00
Arctic, pints, per  gross___ 9 00
No. 1 Carpet.................................3 00
No. 2 Carpet................................. 2 75
No. 3 Carpet................................. 2 50
No. 4 Carpet................................. 2 05
Parlor  Gem................................ '2 50
Common Whisk............  
95
Fancy Whisk...........................1  25
Warehouse........................   3  75
Electric Light, 8s..................12
Electric Light, 16s.................124
Paraffine, 6s..................  
104
Paraffine, 12s .....................   n
Wicking................................... 20

CANDLES

 

Package 

New York Basis.

E xtract

Substitutes

Arbuckle.....................................13 00
Delworth.....................................13 00
Jersey.....................................13  00
Lion........................................ 12 00
M cL aughlin’s X X X X  
McLaughlin’s  XXXX  sold  to 
retailers  only.  Mail  all  orders 
direct  to  W.  F.  McLaughlin  & 
Co., Chicago.
Valley City 4   gross..............  75
Felix 4  gross................................1 15
Hummers foil  4 gross.........  85
Hummel’s tin  4  gross........ 1  ■
Crushed Cereal Coffee Cake
12 packages, 4 case...............1  '
24 packages,  1 case 
.......3 50
COCOA  SHELLS
20 lb. bags........................
Less quantity...................
Pound packages..............
CLOTHES  LINES
Cotton, 40 ft.  per doz.............1  00
Cotton, 50 ft.  per doz.............1  20
Cotton, 60 ft.  per doz...........  1  40
Cotton, 70 ft.  per doz.............1  60
Cotton, 80 ft.  per doz............ 1  80
Jute, 60 ft. per doz...............   80
Jute. 7? ft. per «loz.............. 
95
CONDENSED  M ILK
4 doz in case.
Gail Borden E agle................6  75
Crown.......................................6  26
Daisy........................................ 5 75
Champion............................... 4 50
Magnolia.................................4  25
Challenge................................4  00
Dime............ 

 
COUPON  BOOKS 
50books,any  denom... 
l  50 
100 books, any  denom...  2  50 
500books,any  denom...  11  50
1.000 hooks, any  denom ...  20  00 
Abovequotations arefor either
Tradesman. Superior, Economic 
or  Universal  grades.  Where
1.000 books areordered at a time 
customer r eceiv es  s p e c ia lly  
printed  cover  without  extra 
charge.

 

D ECLIN ED

C O C O A

Webb....................................  
30
Cleveland.................................  41
Epps  .......................................   42
Van Houten, 4 s ....................   12
Van Houten, 4 s ....................
Van Houten, 4 s ....................
Van Houten,  is ....................
Colonial,  4 s  ..........................
Colonial, 4 s ............................
Huvler.....................................
Wilbur, 4 s .............................
Wilbur.  4 s ..............................  42

C IG A R S  

The Bradley Cigar Co.’s  Brands
A dvance...................................$35 00
Bradley....................................   35 00
Clear Havana  Puffs...........  22 00
“ W. H.  B.”..............................  55 00
“ W. B. B.” ...............................  55 00

H. & P.  Drug Co.’s brands.

Fortune  Teller........................  35 00
Our M anager.........................  35 00
Quintette..................................   35 00
G. J. Johnson Cigar Co.’s brand.

Lubetsky Bros.’ Brands.

S. C. W.......................................  36 00
B. L.............................................$33 00
Gold Star..................................   35 00
Phelps. Brace & Co.’s Brands. 
Royal  Tigers. 
.  55®  80 00
Royal  Tigerettes........ 35
Vincente Portuondo ..35®  70 00
Ruhe Bros. Co..............25® 70  00
Hllson  Co.....................35® no 00
T. J. Dunn & Co..........35®  70 00
McCoy & Co.................35®  70 00
The Collins Cigar  Co  . 10®  35 00
Brown  Bros.................15®  70 00
Bernard Stahl Co........ 35©  90 00
Banner Cigar  Co........ 10@  35 00
Seidenberg  & Co.........55@125  00
Fulton  Cigar  Co........ 10®  35 00
A. B. Ballard & Co... ,35@175 00 
E. M. Schwarz & Co...35@110 00
San Telmo.....................35©  70 00
Havana Cigar Co.........18®  35 00
C. Costello & Co.......... 35®  70 00
LaGora-FeeCo............36®  70 00
S.  I. Davis & Co.......... 35@186 00
Hene & Co....................35® 90  00
Benedict & Co.......... 7.50®  70  00
Hemmeter Cigar Co.. .35.®  70 00 
G.J. JohnsonCigarCo.35@  70 00
Maurice Sanborn  ___ 50@175  00
Bock & Co..................... 65®300 00
Manuel  Garcia............80@375 00
Neuva Mundo.  ...........85®175  00
Henry Clay....................85®550 00
La Carolina...  ............96@200 00
Standard T. & C. Co.  .35® 70 00
Star G reen...................... 35  OO

H. Van Tongeren’s Brand. 

C O F F E E
R oasted

_   HIGH GRADE.
Coffees

Special  Combination...........  20
French  Breakfast...............   25
Lenox................. 
30
Vienna................................   35
Private Estate......................  38
Supreme...............................  40

 

Less 3 3 4   per  cent.

R io

Common............................... 104
F a ir .................................... n
Choice................................. 13
Fancy..................................15

Santos

Common.............................  n
F a ir .................................... 14
Choice................................. 15
F an cy................................. 17
Pea berry..............................13

M aracaibo

F a ir .....................................12
Choice................................. 16

M exican

Choice................................. i6
Fancy.................................. 17

G ua tem a la

Choice..................................16

J a v a

African................................ 124
Fancy A frican.................   17
O.  G...................................  ¿5
P G ..................................29

A rabian...,,........................ 21

M ocha

 

A pples

Credit  Checks

Coupon  Pass  B ooks 
denomination from $10 down.

Can be made to represent any 
50  books..........................  1  50
100  books..........................  2  50
500  books................. 
11  50
,000  books..........................  20  00
500, any one denom.........  2 00
.000, any one denom.........  3 00
.000, any one denom.........  5 00
Steel  punch........................ 
75
CREAM  TARTAR
and 10 lb. wooden  boxes....... 30
Bulk in sacks..............................29
D R IE D   FRUITS—D om estic 
Sundrled...........................  @
Evaporated. 50 lb. boxes.64@  7 
Apricots.......................   @10
Blackberries................
Nectarines...................
Peaches........................  9  @11
Pears.............................
Pitted Cherries............ 
Prunnelles...................
Raspberries...............
100-120 25 lb. boxes.........  @
90-100 25 lb. boxes.........  @ 4 4
so - 90 25 lb. boxes.........  @ 5
70 - 80 25 lb. boxes.........  @ 5 4
60 - 70 25 lb. boxes.........  @ 6
50 - 60 25 lb. boxes.........  @ 6 4
40-50 25 lb. boxes.........  @ 7
30 - 40 25 lb. boxes......... 
84
4  cent less in 50 lb. cases 

C alifornia  Prunes

C alifornia  Fruits

74

R aisins

Citron

Currants

1  75
2 00
2 25
64
74
84
9
10

London Layers 2 Crown. 
London  Layers 3 Crown. 
Cluster 4 Crown.................  
Loose Muscatels 2 Crown 
I.oose Muscatels 3 Crown 
Loose Muscatels 4 Crown 
L. M., Seeded, choice ... 
L. M.. Seeded, fancy__  
D R IE D   FRUITS—F oreign 
Leghorn.......................................11
Corsican......................................12
Patras, cases..........................
Cleaned, bulk.........................114
Cleaned,  packages................ 124
Citron American 19 lb. bx... 13 
Lemon American 10 lb. bx.. 104 
Orange American 10 lb. bx.. 104 
Sultana 1 Crown....................
Sultana 2 Crown...................
Sultana 3 Crown.....................
Sultana 4 Crown.....................
Sultana 5 Crown....................
Sultana 6 Crown....................
Sultana package...................

R aisins

P eel

B eans

Cereals

FARINACEOUS  GOODS 
Dried Lima.............................  64
Medium Hand  Picked  2 25®2 35
Brown Holland......................
Cream of Cereal......................   90
Grain-O, sm all.......................1  35
Grain-O, large........................2  25
Grape Nuts.............................. 1 35
Postum Cereal, small........... 1  36
Postum Cereal, large........  2  26
24 1 lb. packages.....................1 25
Bulk, per 100 lbs......................3 00
36  2 lb. packages.................... 3 00
Barrels.....................................2 so
Flake. 50 lb. drums................. 1 00
M accaroni  and V erm icelli
Domestic, 10 lb. box................  60
Imported, 25 lb. box............ 2  50

H askell’s W heat Flakes

H om iny

Farina

CANNED  GOODS 

90
85

Com

1  65®1  85

M ushroom s

B lackberries

G ooseberries

18® 20 
22©25
1  00 
1  80

A pples
3 lb. Standards  .......
80 
Callous, standards..
2  30
standards.................  
75
Beans
Baked........................  1  on@i  30
Red  Kidney............ 
75®  85
String....................... 
80
Wax................... 
85
B lueberries 
Standard......................
85
Clams.
Little Neck.  1 lb...
I Little Neck, 2 lb.......
Cherries
Red  Standards............
White............... ............
Fair........................  .,
Good..........................
Fancy
Standard..................
H om iny
Standard  ...................
Lobster
Star,  4  lb.................
Star. 1  lb...................
Picnic Tails...............
M ackerel
Mustard. 1 lb............
Mustard, 2 lb............
Soused, 1 lb................
Soused, 2 lb..............
Tomato, 1 lb..............
Tomato, 2 lb..............
Hotels..........................
Buttons......................
Oysters
Cove, 1 lb...................
Cove. 2 lb ...................
Peaches
P ie .............................
Y ellow .....................
Pears
Standard................
Fdncy......................
Peas
Marrowfat..............
1  00 
Early June..............
1  00 
Early June  Sifted.
1  60
Grated.......................  1  25@2  75
Sliced..........................  1  35@2  25
P u m pk in
Fair............................ 
70
Good..........................  
75
85
Fancy........................  
R aspberries
Standard....................  
90
Columbia River........   2 00@2  15
Red Alaska.
1  40 
Pink Alaska.............
1  10
Shrim ps
Standard...................
Sardines
Domestic, 4 s ............
Domestic, 4 s ..........
Domestic,  Mustard.
California,  4 s ..........
French,  4 s................
French, 4 s................
Standard...................
85
Fancy ........................
1  25
Succotash
Fair.............................
90
Good..........................
1  00
Fancy.........................
1  20
Tom atoes
Fair............................
90
Good..........................
95
Fancy........................
1  15
Gallons.......................
2 45
CATSUP
Columbia,  pints............ .......2  00
Columbia,  4  pints.........
....1  25
Acme...................
@114
Amboy.....................
@11
Carson City.
®ll
Elsie............
@11
Emblem___
@11
Gem............
@12
Gold Medal.
@11
Ideal...........
@104
Jersey.........
@11
Riverside.
@114
ii@ 12
Brick.......................... 
Edam.........................  
@90
Leiden....................... 
@17
io@n
Limburger.................  
Pineapple.................   50  @75
Sap  Sago............ 
@18

Straw berries

P ineapple

CHEESE

Salm on

C H O C O L A T E  

Walter Baker & Co.’s.

Runkel Bros.

German  Sweet.......................  23
Premium.................................  35
Breakfast Cocoa...................*  46
Vienna Sw eet................... 
21
Vanilla.................................  
  28
Premium....................... 
31
C H IC O R Y
Bulk....................... 
5
Red...................................... ?

if
2f
24

Satchel
Bottom

P A P E R   BAGS

PICKLES
M edium

1......................   44
2......................   54
3......................   66

Union
Square
53
66
88
1  08
1  36
1  58
1  84
2  16
2 58
2  82
3 32
4  48
4 86
5 40

M O LA SSE S 
N ew   O rleans
F air...............................
Good..............................
Fancy.............................
Open Kettle.................
Half-barrels 2c extra
MUSTARD

Black.......................
...  124
..  25@3£
Horse Radish, 1 doz... .......1  75
Horse Radish, 2 doz... .......3 5f
Bayle’s Celery,  1  doz.. .......1  75
4.................  28
4.................  34
4.................  76
5.................  90
6................. 1  06
8................. 1  28
10................. 1  38
12................. 1  60
14................. 2  24
16................. 2 34
20................. 2 52
Barrels, 1,200 count__ ....6 00
Half bbls, 600 count__..... 3 00
Barrels. 2,400 count ......... 6  00
Half bbls, 1,200 count....... 3  60
Clay, No. 216...............
Clay, T. D., full count..__ :  65
Cob, No. 3..................
....  85
Babbitt’s........................ 4  00
Penna Salt Co.’s.........
Carolina  head............
..... 7
Carolina  No. l...........
..... 54
Carolina  No. 2...........
..... 44
Broken.....................
Japan,  No.  1.............. 64@6
Japan,  No.  2. ...
Java, fancy head........ 5  @54
Java, No.  1................ 5  @
Table........................
.  @
Deland’s........
Dwight’s  Cow............
Emblem....................
L.  P..........................
Sodlo........................ __3  1
Wyandotte, 100  4 s.....
.. ..3 00
Granulated,  bbls........
....  8
Granulated, 100 lb. cases....  9f
Lump, bbls................
...  75
Lump, 145 lb. kegs........

Church’s Arm and Hammer. 3  i

Packed 60 lbs. in box.

SALERATUS

48 cans In case.

SAL  SODA

Im ported.

D om estic

POTASH

PIPE S

. . . 3  00

....1  70

.......4Û,

Sm all

RICE

44@5

SALT

D iam ond  C ry sta l’ 

Table, cases, 24 3 lb. boxes.. 1  40 
Table, barrels, 1003 lb. bags.2  85 
Table, barrels, 40 7  lb. bags.2 50 
Butter, barrels, 280 lb. bulk.2  60 
Butter, barrels, 20 14lb.bags.2  60
Butter, sacks, 28 lbs..............  27
Butter, sacks, 66 lbs..............  62
100 3 lb. sacks......................... 2  15
60 5 lb. sacks......................... 2 05
28 10 lb. sacks........................ 1  95
561b. sacks..........................   40
28  lb. sacks..........................  
22

Com m on  Grades

W arsaw

A sh ton

56 lb. dairy in drill bags.......  30
28 lb. dairy in drill bags.......  16
56 lb. dairy in linen sabks...  60 
56 lb. dairy in linen  sacks...  60 
66 lb.  sacks..............................  28
Granulated  Fine...................1  os
Medium  Fine..........................1  jo

Solar  R ock

Com m on

H ig gin s

S O A P

JAXON

Single box..... ......................... 3  00
5 box lots, delivered.............2 9s
10 box lots, delivered.............2 go

(MS.S  M i   CO.'SBMIIDS.

American Family, wrp’d___3 ri)
Dome.............................................2 80
Cabinet.......................................... 2 40
Savon..............................................2 80
White  Russian.............................2 80
White Cloud................................. 4 00
Dusky Diamond, 50 6 oz....... 2  00
Dusky Diamond, 50 8 oz....... 2  50
Blue India, 100 4  lb...............3 oc
Klrkoline......................................3 50
Eos.................................................2 65

10012 oz bars...........................3  00

100 big bars (labor saving). .3 60

SEARCH-LIGHT
SILVER

Single box................................ 3 00
Five boxes, delivered............2 95

Scouring

Sapolio, kitchen, 3  doz..........2 40
Sapolio. band, 3 doz............... 2 40
I-V, per gross........................ 10 00

W a sh in g  Ta b lets
120 samples free.

!

Peas

24 2 lb. packages.........................2 00
100 lb.  kegs..............................3 00
200 lb. harrels.........................5 70
100 lb. bags..............................2  90
Green, Wisconsin, bu........... 1  30
Green, Scotch, bu....................... 1 35
Split, bu..................................  
3
Rolled Avena, bbl..................3 75
Steel Cut,  bbl.........................3 90
Monarch, bbl............................... ? 40
Monarch,  4  bbl...........................l 86
Monarch, 90 lb. sacks........... 1  65
Quaker, cases.........................;  20

R olled  Oats

Sago

German................................... 
4
East India..............................   34
F lake.....................................   44
3  35
Pearl........................................  44
Pearl,  24 1 lb. packages.......64

Tapioca

W heat

Cracked, bulk........................  34
24 2 lb. packages....................2 50
FLAVORING  EXTRACTS 
Vanilla D. C. .2 oz 1  10  4 oz  1  so 
Lemon D. C  ..2 oz  70  4 oz 1  35 
Van. Tonka 
.2oz  75  4 o z i4 5

D eB oe’s

F O O T E   &   J E N E S ’

JA X O N

H ig h est  G rade  E xtracts
Vanilla 
Lemon

oz full m . 1  20 
2 oz full m . 2  10 
No. 3 fan’y.3  15

1 oz full  m .  80
2 oz full m  l  25 
No. 3fan’y .i  75

Vanilla 

Lemon

2 oz panel..1  20  2 oz panel.  75
3 oz taper. .2 00  4 oz taper.. 1  50 

J en n in gs’

A r ctic

2 oz  full meas. pure  Lemon.  75 
~ oz. full meas. pure Vanilla. 1  20 
2 oz. oval Vanilla Tonka__   75
2 oz. oval Pure Lemon........   75

B ig   V alue

Flavor ■ ng'extra^

Standard

Perrlgo’s

N orthrop  Brand

Reg. 2 oz.  D. C. Lemon........  75
No. 4 Taper D. C.  Lemon ... 1  52
Reg. 2 oz.  D. C.  Vanilla........1  24
No. 3 Taper D. C.  Vanilla  . .2 08 
2 oz. Vanilla Tonka...............  70
2 oz. flat Pure Lemon............  70
Lem.  Van.
2 oz. Taper Panel_  76 
1  20
2oz. Oval.................  75 
120
3 oz. Taper Panel____ 1 35  2  00
4 oz. Taper Panel.... 1  60  2  25
Van.  Lem. 
doz. 
doz.
XXX, 2 oz. obert____ 1 25 
75
XXX, 4 oz. taper____ 2 25  1  25
XX, 2 oz. obert........ 1  00
No. 2, 2 oz. obert_  75
2 25
XXX I) D ptchr, 6 oz 
1  75
XXX D 1) ptchr, 4 oz 
K. P. pitcher. 6 oz. 
2  25
Perrigo’s Lightning,  gro____2 50
Petrolatum, per doz..............  75
Sage..............................................15
H ops............................................15
Madras, 5 lb.  boxes.................55
S. F., 2,3 and  5 lb. boxes........50

FLY  PA P E R

INDIGO

HERBS

JELLY

LICORICE

Doz.
5 lb. pails............................  200
15 lb. palls...............................   42
301b. pails..............................   70
Pure.........................................  30
Calabria..................................   25
Sicily........................................  14
Root.........................................   10
Condensed. 2 doz.................. 1  20
Condensed, 4 doz...................2 25
Diamond Match Co.’s brands.
No.  9  sulphur........................1  65
Anchor Parlor......................1  50
No. 2 Home............................1  30
Export Parlor........................ 4 00
Wolverine...............................1  50

MATCHES

LYE

M I C H I G A N   T R A D E S M A N

93

SALT  FISH  

Cod

(Georges cured..............
¡Georges  genuine.........
¡Georges selected.........
¡Grand Bank...................
Strips or  bricks........ 6
Pollock.....................
H alibut.

Strips..........
'Chunks.......

H erring

@ 5 
@ 5(4 
@ 5% 
@4(4 
@  9 
@ 'i'Á

----15

Holland white hoops,  bbl.  u  00 
Holland white hoops Vi bbl.  6 00 
Holland white hoop,  keg.. 
80
i Holland white hoop mens. 
85
Norwegian.......
Hound Too lbs................... ..  3  60
Hound 40 lbs.................... ..  1  75
Sealed..............................
16(4
Bloaters............................. ..  1  50

M ackerel

Mess 100 lbs...................... ..  17  00
Mess  40 lbs..................... ..  7  10
Mess  10 lbs..................... ..  1  86
Mess  8 lbs..................... ..  1  51
No. 1  100 lbs..................... ..  15  00
No. 1  40 lbs....................
..  6  30
No. 1  10 lb s .................... ..  1  65
No. 1  8 lbs..................... ..  1  35
No. 2 100 lbs..................... ..  9  50
No. 2  40 lbs..................... ..  4  10
No. 2  10 lbs..................... ..  1  10
No. 2  8 lbs.....................
91

Trout

No. 1100 lbs..................
No. 1  40 lbs..................
No. 1  10 lbs..................
No. I  8 lbs..................
W hitehall

100  lb s.... ....  7 50 7  00
40 lbs__ ....  3 30 3  10
.... 
10  lbs...
85
8  lbs__ .... 
71

No. 1 No. 2 Fam
2  50
1  30
40
35

90
76
SEEDS

Anise 
....................................   9
Canary, Smyrna.....................  4
Caraway.................................  8
Cardamon, Malabar..............60
Celery.....................................   12
ilemp, Russian......................   4«,
Mixed  Bird.............................   4(4
Mustard, white......................   9
C6ppy........................................10
Rape...........................................  4 y*
* uttle Bone..............................15

SPICES 

W hole Spices

 

AllspiCt................................. 
12
Cassia, China in mats....... 
li
Cassia, Batavia, in bund... 
28
Cassia, Saigon, broken__  
38
55
('Cassia, Saigon, in rolls__  
17
Cloves, Amboyna................ 
gloves, Zanzibar................  
  14
55
lace............... 
 
50
Nutmegs,  75-80................... 
Nutmegs,  105-10.................  
40
Nutmegs, 115-20..................  
35
Pepper, Singapore, black.  15(4
Pepper,  Slngagore. white. 
23
Pepper, shot........................   16(4
P ure Ground in B ulk
Allspice................................ 
Cassia, Batavia................... 
Cassia, Saigon..................... 
Cloves, Zanzibar................. 
Ginger,  African.................  
Ginger, Cochin................... 
Ginger,  Jamaica...............  
Mace...................................... 
Mustard...............................  
Pepper, Singapore, black. 
Pepper, Singapore, white 
Pepper. Cayenne...............  
8age......................................  

16
28
48
17
15
18
25
66
18
19
25
20
20

STARCH

K ingsford’s  Corn
40 i-lb. packages.................  
20 l-lb. packages................. 
6 lb. packages................. 
K in gsford’s Silver Gloss 
40 l-lb. packages.......
7
6 lb. boxes................
7(4

6(4
6%
7(4

Com m on ¿Corn

20 l-lb.  packages................ 
40 l-lb.  packages...............  

Com m on Gloss 

l-lb. packages..................... 
5- 
lb. packages. 
6- lb. packages..................... 
40 ana 50-lb. boxes.............. 
Barrels................................. 
STOVE  POLISH

4%
4(4

4(4
4(4
5
3%
3 (4

SNUFF

Scotch, in bladders...............   37
Maccaboy, in jars.................   35
French Kappee, in  jars.......  43
Boxes.......................................  514
Kegs,  English........................  4«

SODA

SUGAR

Below  are  given  New  York 
prices  on  sugars,  to  which  the 
wholesale dealer adds  the  local 
freight from New  York  to  your 
shipping point, giving you credit 
on  the  invoice  for  the  amount 
of freight  buyer  pays  from  the 
market  in  which  he  purchases 
to his  shipping  point,  including 
20 pounds for the  weight  of  the 
barrel.
Domino................................  6 40
Cut  Loaf..
6 55 
Crushed ......................
6 55 
Cubes............................ ..
6 30 
Powdered..............]]]]
6  25 
Coarse  Powdered.
6  25 
XX XX  Powdered.........
6 30 
Standard  Granulated..
6  15 
Fine Granulated............ •
6  15 
Coarse  Granulated.......
6  30 
Extra Fine Granulated.
6  25 
Conf.  Granulated..........
6  40 
2 lb.  bags Fine  Gran... 
6  25 
5 lb. bags Fine  Gran...
6  25 
Mould A ..........................
6 40 
Diamond  A.....................
6  15 
Confectioner’s  A.
5 95
1, Columbia A............  5  80
2, Windsor A.............   5  80
3, Ridgewood A .........  5  80
4, Phoenix  A ..............  5  75
No.  5, Empire A ...............   5  70
No.  6....................................  6  60
No.  7....................................  5  50
No.  8....................................  5  40
No.  9....................................  6  30
No. 10....................................  5  25
No. 11....................................  5  25
No. 12....................................  5  20
No. 13....................................  5  15
No. 14..................................   5  15
No. 15....................................  5  ir
No. 16....................................  5  15

SYRUPS

Corn

Barrels.................................... 20
Half  bbls................................22
1 doz. 1 gallon cans..............3  2*>
1 doz.  »4 gallon cans............. 1  95
2 doz.  14 gallon cans..............  95
Fair.........................................  
i6
Good.......................................   20
C hoice....................................  25

Pure  Cane

TA BLE  SAUCES
LEA & 
PERRINS’ 
SAUCE

The Original and 
Genuine 
W o rc esters hire.

Lea & Perrin’s, large.........  3  76
Lea & Perrin’s,  small.......  2  50
Halford, large.....................  376
Halford, small....................   2 26
Salad Dressing, large.......  4  55
Salad Dressing, small.......  2  75

TEA
Japan

Simdried, medium................28
Sundried, choice................... 30
Sundried, fancy.....................40
Regular, medium...................28
Regular, choice.....................30
Regular, fancy.......................40
Basket-tired, medium  ......... 28
Basket-tired, choice.............. 35
Basket-fired, fancy............... 40
Nibs........................................ 27
Siftings............................ 19@21
Fannings.........................20@22

Gunpowder

Moyune, medium..................26
Moyune, choice.....................35
Moyune,  fancy.......................50
Pingsuey,  medium................25
l’iugsuey,  choice................... 30
Pingsuey, fancy.....................40

Young  H yson

India

Oolong

E nglish Breakfast

Choice......................................30
Fancy.......................................36
Formosa, fancy......................42
Amoy, medium...................... 25
Amoy, choice..........................32
Medium................................... 27
Choice.......................  
34
Fancy.......................................42
Ceylon, choice........................32
Fancy.......................................42
Scotten Tobacco Co.’s Brands.
Sweet Chunk plug................34
Cadillac fine cut.................... 57
Sweet Loma fine  cut............ 38
Malt White Wine, 40 grain..  8 
Malt White Wine, 80 grain.. 11
Pure Cider, Red Star.............12
Pure Cider, Robinson........... 11
Pure Cider,  Silver..................11

TOBACCO

VINEGAR

W ASHING  POW DER

No. 4,3 doz in case, gross..  4  50 
No. 6, 3 doz in case, gross..  7 20

WICK.ING

Rub-No-More, 100 12 o z .......3 50
No. 0, per gross.......................20
N o .', per gross.......................25
No. 2, per gross.......................35
No. 3. per gross.......................56

W OODENW ARE

B askets

Tubs

B utter  Plates

Clothes  Pins
Mop  Sticks

Bushels.................................... 1  16
Bushels, wide  band...............1  25
Market....................................  30
Willow Clothes,  large...........7 00
Willow Clothes, medium...  6 50
Willow Clothes,  small...........5 60
No. 1 Oval, 260 in  crate......... 1  80
No. 2 Oval, 260 in crate......... 2 00
No. 3 Oval, 250 in crate......... 2  20
No. 5 Oval, 250 in crate......... 2 60
Boxes. 5 gross boxes......... 
65
Trojan spring........................  85
Eclipse patent spring..........   86
No 1 common.........................  7«
No. 2 patent brush holder..  80
12 1b. cotton mon heads__   1  25
P ails
hoop Standard.......l 50
2- 
hoop Standard.......1 70
3- 
2- 
wire,  Cable............ l 60
3- 
wire,  Cable............ i 85
Cedar, all red, brass  bound. 1  25
Paper,  Eureka............................2 25
Fibre............................................. 2 40
20-inch, Standard, No. 1.............7 00
18-lnch, Standard, No. 2............ 6 00
16-inch, Standard, No. 3.............5 00
20-inch, Cable,  No. 1...................7 50
18-inch, Cable,  No. 2...................6 50
16-inch, Cable,  No. 3...................5 50
No. 1 Fibre...................................9 45
No. 2 Fibre...................................7 95
No. 3 Fibre...................................7 20
Bronze Globe............................... 2 60
D ew ey.......................................... l 76
Double Acme............................... 2 75
Single Acme................................. 2 25
Double  Peerless..........................3 20
Single  Peerless............................2 50
Northern Queen........................ 2 50
Double Duplex............................3 oo
Good Luck...................................2 76
Universal......................................2 26
li in. Butter............................  76
13 in. Butter..................................l oo
15 in. Butter..................................l 76
17 in. Butter................................. 2 50
19 in. Butter
Assorted 13-15-17..  .............
Assorted 15-17-19  ................
Magic, 3 doz..........................
Sunlight, 3 doz......................
Sunlight, 1(4  doz.................
Yeast Cre  m, 3 doz..............
Yeast Foam, 3  doz__
Yeast Foam, 1(4  doz...........

YEAST  CAKE

W ash  Boards

W ood  B ow ls

.3 00 
.1  75

Crackers

Soda

Oyster

... 
.............. ... 
... 
Sweet  Goods—Boxes

Seymour.......................
6
... 
New York.....................
6
... 
Family...........................
6
... 
Salted............................
6
... 
Wolverine.....................
6(4
... 
Soda  XXX...................
6(4
... 
Soda,  City.....................
... 
8
Long Island  Wafers__ ...  12
Zephyrette...................
...  10
Faust.............................
Farina...........................
6
Extra Farina 
6(4
Saltine  Oyster..............
6
Animals......................... ...  10
Assorted  Cake.............. ...  10
Belle Rose.................... . ... 
8
Bent’s  Water............... ...  16
Buttercups... 
....... ...  12
Cinnamon Bar............... ... 
9
Coffee Cake,  Iced......... ...  10
Coffee Cake, Java......... ...  10
Cocoanut Taffy............. ...  10
Cracknells..................... ...  16
Creams, Iced.................
8
Cream Crisp...................
..  10
Crystal Creams,.
...  10
Cubans............................ ...  11(4
Currant  Fruit................ ...  11
F’rosted Honey.............. ...  12
F’rosted Cream.............. ... 
9
Ginger Gems, lg. or  sm ... 
8
Ginger Snaps, NBC__ .. 
8
Gladiator....................... ...  10
Grandma Cakes............ ... 
9
Graham Crackers......... ... 
8
Graham  Wafers............ ...  12
Grand Rapids  Tea....... ...  16
Honey F’ingers.............. ...  12
Iced Honey  Crumpets. ...  10
Imperials....................... ... 
8
Jumbles. Honey............
..  12
Lady Fingers................. ...  12
Lemon  Wafers.............. ...  16
Marshmallow................
..  16
Marshmallow Walnuts....  16
8
Mary  Aun......................
Mixed  Picnic.................
-■  11(4
Milk Biscuit...................
7(4
.. 
Molasses  Cake..............
8
9
Molasses Bar.................
Moss Jelly Bar..............
••  12(4
..  12
Newton...........................
8
.. 
Oatmeal Crackers.........
..  12
Oatmeal Wafers............
.. 
9
Orange Crisp.................
.. 
8
Orange  Gem.................
Penny Cake....................
.. 
8
Pilot Bread,  XXX.........
7(4
.. 
Pretzels, hand  made...
7(4
.. 
Sears’ Lunch.................
8
.. 
Sugar Cake.....................
Sugar Cream, XXX— .. 
8
.. 
8
Sugar Squares..............
. . 1 6
Tuttl  Frutti...................
Vanilla Wafers............... ..  16
Vienna Crimp.................

« I

Grains and  Feedstuffs
W heat................................. 
72
W inter  W heat  F lour

W heat

Local Brauds

Worden Grocer Co.’s  Brand

Patents................................  4  50
Second  Patent.....................  4  00
Straight................................  3 80
Clear....................................  3  25
Graham...............................  3  75
Buckwheat..........................  4  50
Rye.......................................   3  26
Subject  to usual  cash  dis­
count.
Flour in bbls.. 25c per  bbl. ad­
ditional.
Ball-Barnhart-Putman’s Brand
Diamond  (is........................  4  00
Diamond  (4s ........................  4  00
Diamond  (4s........................  4  OO
Quaker (4s...........................   3  90
Quaker (4s...........................  3  90
Quaker (4s...........................  3  HO
Clark-Jewell-Wells  Co.’s  Brand
Pillsbury’s  Best (4s..........   4  75
Pillsbury’s  Best 54s . .........  4  65
Pillsbury’s  Best (4s..........   4  55
Pillsbury’s Best (4s paper.  4  65
Pillsbury’s Best (4s paper.  4  55
Ball-Barnhart-Putman’s Brand
Duluth  Imperial (4s..........  4  50
Duluth  Imperial (4s..........  4  40
Duluth  Imperial (4s..........  4  30
Lemon & Wheeler Co.’s Brand
Wingold  (4s......................   4  «0
Wiugold  « S ......................   4  50
Wingold  (is......................   4  40

Spring  W heat  F lour 

Olney & Hudson's Brand

Worden Grocer  Co.’s Brand

Ceresota (4s........................   4  75
Ceresota (4s ........................  4  66
Ceresota (4 s ........................  4  55
Laurel  (4s...........................   4  65
Laurel  (4s ............................  4  55
Laurel  (4s............................  4  45
Laurel (is and (is paper 
4  45
Washburn-Crosby  Co.’s  Brand.

COLO  M[0AL

j % # ¡

lMWBURN CROSWCOSL 

Í

Meal

Feed  and  Millstuil's

Prices  always  right. 
Write or wire Mussel- 
man  Grocer  Co.  for 
special quotations.
Bolted..................................   2  00
Granulated..........................  2  20
St. Car Feed, screened__   18  50
No. 1 Corn and  Oats.........  is  00
Unbolted Corn  Meal.........  17  50
Winter Wheat Bran..........  14  00
Winter Wheat  Middlings.  15 00
Screenings..........................  15  00
Corn, car  lots.....................  44
Less than car lots..............
Car  lots................................  25(4
Car lots, clipped.................   29(4
Less than car lots..............
No. 1 Timothy car  lots__   12  00
No. 1 Timothy ton  lots__   13  00

Corn

Oats

Hay

Hides  and  Felts
The Cappon & Bertsch Leather 
Co., 100 Canal  Street,  quotes  as 
foUows:
H ides
Green  No. 1..............
@ 6(4 
Green  No. 2..............
@ 5(4
Cured  No. 1..............
Cured  No. 2..............
@ 6% 
Calf skins,green No. 1 
@  8 @ 6(4
Call skins,green No. 2 
Calfskins,cured No. 1
Calf skins,cured No. 2
@ 7(4
Pelts,  each................
50@1  25
Lamb............................. ..25@  50
Tallow
No. 1...........................
@ 3%
No. 2............................
@ 2%
W ool
Washed,  fine............
Washed,  medium...
Unwashed,  fine.......
Unwashed,  medium.
Oils
B arrels

20@22
22@24
14@i5
18® 20

P elts

Eocene..........................  @11(4
Perfection.....................  @10
XXXW.W.Mich.Hdlt  @10
W. W. Michigan........   @9(4
Diamond White..........   @ 9
D., S.  Gas.....................  @D(4
Deo. Naphtha..............   @10%
Cylinder........................29  @34
Engine......................... 19  @22
Black, winter.............. 

.11(4

Fresh  Meats

Carcass....
Forequarters..........  
Hindquarters 
Loins No. 3...
Ribs...............
Rounds..........
Chucks..........
Plates ............
Pork
Dressed.....................
Loins.........................
Boston  Butts............
Shoulders.................
Leaf  I.ard.................
M u t t o n
Carcass......................
Spring Lambs..........
Veal
Carcass......................

6(4®  8
5(4®  6
8(4®  9*/4 
10  @14 
10  @14 
@  8 
5(4® 6 
4  @ 5

@ 7 
® 94 
@ 8 
@  8

7(4® 8 
@12

P r o v i s i o n
B arreled  Fork

Mess......
B ack........................
Clear back...............
Short cut...............
P ig .............................
Bean...............
Fam ily......................
Bellies......................
Briskets....................
Extra shorts..............

D ry  Salt  M eats

Sm oked  Meats

@12  50
@14  50
@14 25
@14 25
@17 00
@11  00
@14  75
*y2

@  11
@  10(4
@  10(4
@  10
@  12
@
11  @  \iv.
@  7%
@  11
@  !6
@  12(4
@  9
@  9

Lards—In Tierces

Hams,  12 lb. average.
Hams, 14 lb. average.
Hams, 16lb.average.
Hams, 20 lb. average.
Ham dried  beef.......
Shoulders (N. Y.cut)
Bacon, clear..............
California hams.......
Boneless  hams.........
Boiled  Hams...........
Picnic Boiled Hams
Berlin  Hams..........
Mince Ham s..........
Compound.................
Kettle.........................
V egetole...............
55 lb. Tubs.. advance
80 lb. Tubs.. advance
50 lb. Tins... advance
20 lb.  Pails, .advance
10 lb. Palls.. advance
5 lb.  Pails.. advance
3 lb. Pails.. advance
Sausages
Bologna.....................
Liver ...................
Frankfort................
I’o r k ...................
Blood........................
Tongue......................
Headcheese...............
B eef
Extra Mess...............
Boneless....................
Rump........................
Kits, 15  lbs...............
Ü bbls., 40 lbs..........
(4 bbls., 80 lbs..........
Tripe
Kits, 15  lbs...............
(4, bbls., 40  lbs..........
(4 bbls., 80  lbs..........
Casings
F ork ..........................
Beef  rounds..............
Beef  middles............
Sheep......................
Hut ter ine
Rolls, dairy...............
Solid, dairy.......
Rolls,  creamery.......
Solid,  creamery.......
Corned  beet, 2 lb__
Corned beet, 14 lb ...
Roast beef, 2 lb........
Potted ham,  (4s .......
Potted ham,  (4s.......
Deviled ham,  (¿s__
Deviled ham,  (4s__
Potted tongue,  (4s..
Potted tongue.  (4s..

F igs’  Feet

Canned  M eats

%
k
*
%
1
1
5% 
6
7(4
7(4
6%
9
6

10 75
12 50
12  75
80
1  50
2  75
70
1  25
2  25
20
3
10
60

13(4
13
19
18(4
2  75
17  50
2 75
5-
90
50
»0
50
90

Fish  and  Oysters

Fresh  Fish
Per lb. 
White fish.....................
@  10
Trout............................. @  10
Black  Bass................... 9@  12
Halibut......................... @  15
Ciscoes or Herring__ @  4
Bluefish ........................ @  11
Live  Lobster............... @  19
Boiled  Lobster............ @  21
Cod................................ @  10
Haddock...................... @  7
No. 1 Pickerel.............. @  9
P ike............................... @  7
Perch............................ @  6
Smoked  White............ @  8
Red  Snapper.............. @  9
Col River  Salmon....... ©  13
Mackerel...................... @  14
F. H.  Counts............
40
F. J. D. Selects.........
35
Selects......................
30
F. J. D. Standards..
32
Anchors.....................
28
Standards............... .
25
Favorite.....................
Sh ell Goods. 
Clams, per 100..............
Oysters, per ion

Oysters in Can s.

@ 

Candies
Stick  Candy

M ixed  Candy

F“ucy—1»* Bulk

bbls.  pails
@ 8 
@ 8 
@ 8(4
@  9 
cases 
@ 7(4 
@ 10(4 
@10 
@ 8
@ 6(4 
@ 7 
@  7%
@  8‘/j
@  8(4 
@
@
@  9 
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@14 
@ 5 
@ 9(4 
@10 
@10 
@12
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Fancy—In 5 lb. Duxes
@55
@60
@65
@80
@90
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@75
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@55
@55
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@65
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Standard...........
Standard H.  H. 
Standard  Twist 
Cut Loaf............
Jumbo, 32 lb............
Extra H .H ..............]
Boston Cream..........
Beet Root..................
Grocers......................
Competition...  ..."
Special..................
Conserve...........
R oyal............... ] ]]]]
Ribbon ..............
B roken ..........] . . ] ] ' "
Cut Loaf..............
Euglish Rock.........
Kindergarten..........
French Cream.........
Dandy Pan...............
Hand  Made  Cream
m ixed.....................
Nobby............... ] ]” *
Crystal Cream mix.
„ 
San Bias Goodies...
Lozenges, plain....
Lozenges, printed...
Choc. Drops..............
Eclipse Chocolates.'.’.
Choc.  Moniunentals.
Gum Drops...............
Moss  Drops.......
Lemon Sours 
.......
Imperials................. .
Ital. Cream Opera." 
ital. Cream Bonbons
20 lb. pails..............
Molasses  Chews,  is
lb. pails..............
Pine Apple Ice 
Iced Marshmeliows. 
Golden Waffles......... 
Lemon  Sours ... 
Peppermint Drops.
Chocolate  Drops__
H. M. Choc. Drops'
H. M. Choc.  Lt.  and
Dk. No. 12............
Gum Drops..........
Licorice  Drops...]!]
A. B. Licorice Drops 
Lozenges,  plain.. 
Lozenges, printed.
Imperials...................
Mottoes............... ]]]
Cream  Bar__ ]]]]]]
Molasses Bar__ ,;].']
Hand Made Creams.  80 
Cream Buttons, Pen.
String Rock............ ]
Burnt  Almonds.......1  25
W intergreen Berries 
„  
Caramels
No. 1 wrapped,  3  lb.
boxes.......
Penny Goods

and  Wint.........

@50
65@60

Fruits

25©
@
®

Orauges 
fancy  Navels
Extra Choice............
Late  Valencias...........
Seedlings...................
Medt. Sweets...........
•I amaicas........
Rod!....................V,  *
@  5 10
Lem ons 
Strictly choice 360s..
@6 00
Strictly choice 300s..
@7 00
Fancy 300s.................
@7 25
Ex. Fancy  300s....... ]
(CL 7 50
Fancy 360s 
..............
@6 50
Bananas 
Medium bunches...
75@2 00
Large  bunches.........  2  ou@2  a
F oreign   D ried   F ru its 
<9

F igs

Californias,  Fancy..
Cal. pkg,  10 lb. boxes 
Extra  Choice,  10  lb. 
boxes, new Smprna 
Fancy, 12 lb. boxes new 
Imperial Mikados, 18
lb. boxes................. 
Pulled, 6 lb. boxes... 
Naturals, in bags.... 
Fards In 10 lb. boxes 
Fards In 60 lb. cases. 
Persians,  P. H. V ... 
lb.  cases, new....... 
Bairs. 60 lb. cases.... 
Nuts
Almonds, Tarragona

D ates

soft shelled.

Walnuts, Grenobles. 
Walnuts, soft shelled 
California No. 1...

@12
@13
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@  9
@  6
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@ 5
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@17
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Ohio,  new.

:s, pe: 
Fe

Roasted

Roasted

( 
£

5  @

@ 6(4

• (4®  8

M ICH IG A N   TRADESM AN

84

G L A S S   T R A D E .

H ow   th e   B u siness  H as  C han ged  In  T h irty  

Tears.

My  first  experience  in  the  glass  busi­
ness  was 
in  1865.  At  that  time  nearly 
all  of  the  glass  used  was  French,  espe­
cially  for  store  and  house  work.  Some 
American  glass  was  made  in  New  York 
State,  but  the  most  in  Pittsburg,  Pa. 
The  Pittsburg  manufacturers  had  only 
two  qualities—first  and  second.  Their 
glass  was  of  a  deep  blue  color.  The 
glass  made 
in  New  York  State  was  a 
better  color,  but  stained  occasionally. 
About  the  largest  glass  made  in  double 
thick  at  that  time  was  40x60;  while now 
our 
is  about  60x70,  and 
even  larger  sizes  are  occasionally  made. 
The  price  of  double  thick  made  in  this 
country  was  twice  the  price  of  single 
thick.  The  cost  of  large  glass  was  four 
or  five  times  then  what  it  is  now.  Great 
improvement  has been made  in  the man­
ufacture  of  window  glass,  the  present 
third  quality  being  fully  as  good  as  the 
first  quality  made  thirty  years  ago.  The

largest  glass 

in 

very  good  and  it  was  difficult  to  get  or­
ders  filled.  About  ten  years  later,  the 
Crystal  Plate  Glass  Co.,  of  St.  Louis, 
Mo.,  became  quite  prominent 
the 
business  and  produced  a good  quality  of 
glass;  also  the  factories  built  by  the 
Fords  around  Pittsburg,  so  that  from 
that  time  onward,  the  plate  glass  man­
ufactured  in  this  country  has  been  of 
about  as  good  quality  as  the  foreign  ar­
ticle,  and  now  the  importations  are  al­
most  entirely  cut  off.  Nearly  all  of  the 
glass  made 
in  this  country,  even  for 
mirrors,  is  manufactured  here.  Plate 
glass,  until  about  fifteen  years  ago,  was 
cut  to  size  in  New  York  or  at  the  fac­
tories  and  shipped  to  different  points 
where  wanted.  About  1884,  I  laid  in  a 
•stock  of  stock  sheets,  and  shortly  after 
other  jobbing  centers  in  the  West  did 
likewise,  so  that  the  glass  is  now  cut 
from  stock  sheets  and  shipped  to  differ­
ent  points  where  required.  The  amount 
of  plate  glass  probably  used  about 
thirty  years  ago  was  from  1,000,000  to
2.000. 000  square  feet  in  a  year and  the 
quantity  now 
12,000,000  to
000  square  feet.  Wm.  Reid.
15.000. 

from 

is 

The  “ Exemplar”   is  not  beautiful  to 

look  at,  but  it  is  a  beautiful  smoke.

DeYoung &  Schaafsma
112 M onroe St., Gram!  Rapids. M ich. 

Importers and Manufacturers’ Agents  of  Crock­

ery, Glassware,  Lamps,  Holiday  Goods. 

Headquarters Decorated Opalware. 

BARREL  A

P in Tray 

rich 

5c  and  lOc  assortment
All  pieces 
gold 
traced  and hand painted. 
Contains  1  dozen each of 
12 varieties of articles, as 
pin  trays,  ash  receivers, 
match  holders,  etc.  A 
good  many  of  them  are 
sold for 1 Oc.

ESTABLISHED  1890.

Hermann 6. Naumann & Go.

Wholesale  Butchers,  Produce  and 

Commission  Merchants.

Our Specialties:  Creamery and  Dairy  Butter,  New-Laid  Eggs,  Poultry  and  Game. 

Fruits of all  kinds in  season.

388  HIGH  ST.  E.,  Opposite  Eastern  Market,  DETROIT, MICH.  Phone  1793. 

REFERENCES:  The Detroit Savings Bank,  Commercial  Agencies,  Agents  of  all Railroad  and 

Express Companies,  Detroit, or the trade generally.

WE  PAY  C A S H

F.  O.  B.  your  station  for  E G G S  and  all 
grades  of  B U T T E R . 
It  will  pay  you  to 
write  or wire  us  before  you  sell.

HARRIS  ¿l  FR U TCH EY ,  D e t r o it.  M ich.

For Spot  Cash

and  top  market  prices  ship your  BU TTER   AND  EGGS  to

R.  Hirt,  Jr.,

M holesale  Dealer in  Butter,  Eggs  and  Produce.

34 and 36 Market  St.,  Detroit,  Mich. 

Cold Storage, 435-437-439  Winder St.

References:  Dun or Bradstreet, City Savings Bank.

Walker Egg& Produce Co.,

54-56  Woodbridge  Street, W.  24 Market  Street.  484  18th  Street,  Detroit,  Mich.

150  King  Street,  161-163  King  Street, Chatham,  Ontario.

Commission Merchants and

Wholesale  Butter and  Eggs.

We are  in  the market  for

200,000  lbs.  Dairy  Butter,  100,000  doz.  Eggs.
Write  us for prices.  We  pay CASH  on arrival.  We handle in  our  Detroit 
stores a full  line of Country  Produce,  Fruits, Cheese,  Beans,  Peas, etc.  We 
can handle your  consignments  promptly  and  make  satisfactory  returns. 
Send  us your shipments.  Established  15  years.

References:  Any  Detroit or Chicago bank.

0
0
0
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0
#
0
0
0

000

#

00 00 0000000000Q 000000

000000000000000000000

00
<0>

Sporting  Goods,  Ammunition,  Stoves, 
W indow  Glass,  Bar  Iron,  Shelf  Hard­
ware, etc.,  etc.

Foster,  Stevens &  Co.,

3 *, 3 3 , 3 5 . 3 7 . 39 Louis St. 

10 & 12 Monroe St.

Grand Rapids, Mich.

0
0

Sells for 5c
size 4 in. 

54 dozen of  each of 
12 varieties of arti­
cles, as comb trays, 
spoon holders, tea­
pot  stands,  jewel 
boxes,  e tc .  A ll 
sell for 10c.
_  

®

Comb  Tray

Sells for lOc

size 9 in.

All together  18  dozen  .assorted  deco­

rations for $9.00.

Comb and  B rush Tray

BARREL  D

Contains  3  dozen

assortment  as  fol­
lows:

size s x lo in.

H doz.  Eau  de  Cologne  bottles,  10  in.  high •  y. 
doz. Eau de Cologne bottles. 954 in. high;  «   <loz. 
complex brush  trays,  see  cut,  size  8xio  in.;  y. 
doz. cuff boxes.6!4 in.  high;  54  doz.  cigar  hold­
ers, 554 in. high;  «  doz. collar boxes.  5 in.  high; 
M  doz.  handkerchief  boxes,  size  4x5*4  in  •  «  
doz. fancy shape comb and brush  trays,  «   doz. 
writing sets,  complete,  3  pieces;  «doz.  mani­
cure sets, complete. 3  pieces;  «   doz  smokers 
sets, complete. 4  pieces;  «   doz.  rose  bowls.—3 
doz. at $2—$6.00.  Most all the pieces are worth 
double the money and  are  sold  in  many  stores 
for35cor50c.  BarrelsAandDtogether.~$ 15.00. 
Barrels,  35c  each.  Write  for  catalogues  of 
opalware.

WANTED!

One  Million  Feet

of

Green  Basswood  Logs

Over  12  inches.

GRAND  RAPIDS MATCH  CO.,

GRAND RAPIDS, MICH.

finish  of  the  glass  is  much  better  than  it 
was  formerly,  being  well  flattened  and 
almost  as  straight  as  a  piece  of  plate 
glass.  Great  progress  has  been  made 
in  the  handling of glass by  the railroads. 
Two  hundred  to  300  boxes  of  glass  used 
to  constitute  a  carload,  while  now  it 
is 
quite  common  to  ship  from  500  to  700 
boxes 
I  must  not  for­
get  to  mention  that  the  use  of  natural 
gas 
in­
creased  the  production  immensely  and 
caused  Ohio  and  Indiana  to  become 
very  prominent 
in  the  manufacture  of 
that  article. 
I  have  no  statistics  before 
me,  but  believe  that  the  product  now  is 
ten  times  what  it  was  at  that  period.

the  manufacture  of  glass 

in  one  carload. 

in 

During  the  same  time,  great  advance 
has  been  made 
in  this  country  in  the 
manufacture  of  cathedral  and  rough  and 
ribbed  glass  for  skylights.  All  of  this 
material  was  formerly 
imported  and 
used  to  cost  from  four  to  five  times  the 
price  that 
is  now  sold  for  in  this 
country.

it 

The  plate  glass  business  in  this  coun­
try  thirty  years  ago  was  almost  nothing 
in  the  West,  not  more  than  one  or  two 
stores 
in  this  city  having  plate  glass 
fronts  at  that  period.  The  cost  of  a store 
front  then  was  about  $600. 
It  could  be 
sold  now  for $100  or $125.  The  price, 
however,  declined  somewhat,  and  many 
of  the  old  window  glass  fronts  were 
taken  out  and  polished  plate put in their 
place.  About  1876  or  later  plate  glass 
was  being  made  at  New  Albany,  Ind., 
by  DePauw,  but  the  quality  was  not

M ICH IG A N   TRAD ESM AN

05

R E T A IL ,  M E A T   BU SIN ESS.

Strong  P lea   F o r  a  Local  P a ck in g   E stab­

lishm ent.

In  writing  upon  this  subject  I  can 
only  give  facts  as  I  have  seen  them 
in 
the  past  and  what  seems  to  me  ought  to 
be  done  in  the  near  future.  Something 
is  certainly  lacking  in  the  meat  trade 
in  Grand  Rapids—that  in a city of  near­
ly  100,000  population  and  a  good  sur­
rounding  territory  to  work  on,  we  have 
not  a  packing  or  wholesale  meat  house 
doing  business  here  that  we  can  call  a 
strictly  home  concern.  By  this  I  mean 
a  plant,  complete  in  operation,  having 
its  own  stock  yards,  abattoir,  refriger­
ating  plant,  sausage  manufactory  and 
If  such  a  plant  were  in 
curing  rooms. 
operation  here 
it  ought  to  receive  the 
hearty  support  of  the  merchants  in  this 
community. 
It  would  add  another  in­
dustry  to  Grand  Rapids,employing from 
150  to  200  people.  Its  products  could  be 
disposed  of  at  home,  thus  saving  thou­
sands  of  dollars 
in  freight  rates  yearly 
paid  by 
local  dealers  and  consumers. 
The  recent  hot  weather  has  demon­
strated,  beyond  a  doubt,  the  fact  that  we 
must  work  on  the  same  lines  laid  down 
by  the  big  packing  concerns  in  other 
cities.

The  butchers  of 

to-day  do  more  or 
less  packing  business 
the  winter 
months,  but  when  summer  comes  their 
capacity  in  most  cases  is  limited  and 
not  satisfactory  at  the  best. 
It  is  true 
that  we  have  a  branch  house  of  Nelson 
Morris  &  Co.,  and  one  of  L.  F.  Swift 
&  Co.,  of  Chicago;  also the U.  S.  Pack­
ing  Co.,  which  buys  most  of  its  goods 
outside  of  the  State.  They  are  all  do­
ing  a  good  business  and  I  can  see  no 
reason  why  a  good  local  packing  house 
would  not  also  prove  successful.

in 

With  few  exceptions  the  retail  mar­
kets  of  Grand  Rapids  of  to-day  are  not 
run  on  the  same  lines  as  was  the  cus­
tom  a  few  years  ago.  To-day  the  meat 
is  handling  everything  in  the 
dealer 
canned  goods 
including  butter, 
eggs  and  cheese,  and  some  are  even

line, 

handling  farm  produce.  A  few  years 
ago  the  retail  butcher  would  not  think 
of  handling  anything  that did  not  per­
tain  to  his  business. 
In  those  days  it 
was  the  custom  of  the  retail  butchers  to 
put  up 
in  the  winter  months  enough 
hams,  bacon,  lard and  salt  pork  to  carry 
them  through  the  summer.  The  hams 
and  bacon  were  put  up  in  sacks,  but  by 
July  and  August  all  the  hams  and  bacon 
which  were  unsold  were 
really  of 
the  consistency  of  rubber,  being  hard 
and  dry. 
It  would  be  a  hard  problem 
to  solve  in  getting  rid  of  such  goods  to­
day.  This  tends  to  sustain  my  claims 
that 
it  stands  in  hand  for  even  the  re­
tailer to  work  along  the  lines  laid  down

by  the  large packing  concerns.  The idea 
is  to  do  a  certain  amount  of  packing  or 
curing  of  meats  the  year  around.  The 
people  demand  fresh  cured  goods. 
I 
think  the  time 
is  not  far  distant  when 
most  retailers  will  enlarge  their  cooling 
or  refrigerator  rooms  in  order  to  handle 
meats  by  the  carcass,  as  therein  lies  the 
profit,  and  especially  is  it  true  with  the 
Pig-

Another  feature  which  is  peculiar to 
the  present  time 
is  the  handling  of 
cooked  goods  by  the  meat  dealer,  such 
as  cooked  corned  beef,  boiled  ham  and 
veal 
loaf,  for  the  convenience  of  the 
people  who  do  light  housekeeping  and 
those  who  are  so  unfortunate  as  to  live 
at  boarding  houses  where  they  do  not 
get  enough  to  eat.  Some  of  the  meat 
dealers  have  lately  tried  to  build  up  a 
trade  on  cooked  roast  beef,  but  the 
price  is  too  high  to  enable  the  dealer  to 
score  a  success,  unless  he  is  running  a 
high-toned  delicatessen  store.

In  the  meat  business,  as  well  as  in 
many  other  branches  of  business,  the 
dealer  takes  too  many  chances,  is  too 
anxious  to  sell  goods  and  gets  too  many 
bad  accounts  on  his  books.  This  is  a 
serious  problem  and  will  never  be  fully- 
solved  until  the  meat  business  is  done 
on  a  cash  basis  or  so  close  to  cash  that 
the element  of  credit  is practically elim­
inated.  The  butcher  handles  a  product 
as  staple  as  money,  but  I  never  heard 
of  a  butcher  who  treats  his  patrons  as 
the  banker  treats  his  customers—com­
pels  them  to  carry  a  cash  balance  to 
meet  any  requisitions  he  may  make  on 
the  dealer  for  supplies.  There  is  no 
more  reason  why  the  butcher  should 
send  out  meat  broadcast  than  there  is 
why  the  banker  should  honor  every 
check  presented  at  his  counter,but  com­

petition  appears  to  cut  more  of  a  figure 
in  the  meat  trade  than  it  does  in  the 
banking  business, 
in  consequence  of 
which  every  meat  dealer  in  the  land ap­
pears  to  be  breaking  his  back to see how 
much  business  he  can  do,  irrespective 
of  the  profit  or  loss  involved.

S.  J.  Hufford.

On  account  of  some  dealers  placing 
union  goods  in  our  boxes  we  have  been 
compelled  to  brand  the  letters  S.  C.  W. 
on  all  S.  C.  W.  cigars.

It’s  as  hard  to  forgive  an  injury  as  to 

remember  a  kindness.

Crushed  Cereal  Coffee  Cake.

Better than  coffee.
Cheaper than  coffee.
More healthful than coffee.
Costs the consumer less.
Affords the  retailer larger profit. 
Send for sample case.
See quotations  in  price current.

Crushed  Cereal  Coffee  Cake  Co.

Marshall,  Mich.

A.  BOMERS,

..Commercial Broker..

And  Dealer  in

Cigars and  Tobaccos,

157  E.  Fulton  St. 

GRAND  RAPIDS,  MICH. 

Representing

M.  Brilles & Co., Allegheny City,  Pa. 
Parker T.  Conrad,  Richmond,  va.
E.  R.  Wiersenia,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.
G. P.  Kramer,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.

OUR  LEADERS 

Doc Andrus, 
Robin  Hood, 
Three Sisters, 

Plaindealer,
Little  Barrister,
Old  Pards,  Etc.

We Make a Specialty of Leather Top Lumberman’s  |

and  Carry  the  LARGEST  and  MOST  COMPLETE  line Made. 

«   1  anrccT  — 1  imcT  r r w im i etc  i: 

'w

TWO  OF  OUR  STRONG  SELLERS

GRANT

MANITOBA

BEACON  FALLS

RUBBER SHOE CO.

PURE  GUM  DUCK.

Made  in

8  in.,  10  in.,  12  in.  and  14 

in. 

Heights.

SAMPLES  SENT  PREPAID

PURE  GUM  RIBBED  OVER

207 ancHicAconroe st’  Beacon  Falls  Rubber  Shoe  C o.,

BEACON  FALLS, 

CONN.

Send  for  Leather  Top  Catalogue.

98

T h e  G rain   M ark et.

the 

larger  quantities 

Wheat  has  ruled  easy  during  the 
week.  Fluctuations  have  been  few, with 
an  upward  tendency.  The  bearish  fea­
ture  at  present  is  the  steady  accumula­
tion  of  the  visible.  Our  exports  while 
large  a  quantity  as  last  year 
not  of  as 
it  not  for  the  lack 
are  very  fair.  Were 
of  tonnage  undoubtedly 
exports 
would  be  larger.  The  foreign  demand 
appears  to  be  good.  Another  feature 
which  holds  wheat  from  being  exported 
in 
is  the  change  in 
the  freight  rates  to  the  seaboard,  which 
have  been  advanced  very  materially 
owing  to  the  lack  of  vessel  room.  While 
the  visible 
increased,  the  amount  on 
passage  decreased  2,600,000  bushels. 
Shipments  from  all  exporting  countries 
were  only  5,500,000  bushels and about  50 
per  cent,  from  the  United  States.  Ar­
gentine  shipped  less  than 200,000,  bush­
els,  which  seems  to  indicate  that  their 
granaries  are  being  depleted. 
It  might 
also  be  mentioned  that  receipts  at  Du­
luth  are  remarkably  small.  Minneapolis 
has  only  very  moderate  receipts  and, 
were 
it  not  for  the  large  importations 
from  Kansas— which,  of  course,  is  win­
ter  wheat—her  receipts  would  be  con­
siderably 
less.  However,  there  seems 
to  be  plenty  of  wheat  for  present  use, 
so  we  will  not  borrow trouble  for the  fu­
ture.

Corn  also  has  not  changed  for  either 
cash  or  future..  While  cash  corn 
is 
wanted  very  much,  prices  are  not  en­
hanced,  as  was  stated  heretofore.  The 
Government  crop  report  estimates  the 
yield  at  2,000,000,000  bushels—that 
is, 
with  ordinary  weather 
from  now  on, 
which 
is  considered  only  a  fair  yield— 
no  bumper  crop  by  any  means.

Oats  have  been  depressed  and  prices 
have  declined  about  ic  in  grain centers. 
While  the  farmers  are  not  in  a  mood  to 
accept  the decline,  they  will  have  to  be­
fore  long.

Rye  is  very  steady  at  present,  with  a 

large  yield.  We  look, for  no  advance.

The  flour  trade,  both 

local  and  do­
mestic,  has  been  good,  and  prices  are 
sustained.  There  is  quite  an  export  en­
quiry,  but  prices  are  hardly  up  to  what 
millers  want.  Mill  feed  seems  to  be 
wanted.

Millers  are  having  sale  for all  they 
make.  The  city  mills  are  running  full 
time.

Railroad  receipts  have  been:  39  cars 
of  wheat,  5  cars  of  corn,  19  cars of  oats,
1  car of  hay,  1  car of  straw.

The 
mills. 

local  market  is  72c  for  wheat  at 

C.  G.  A.  Voigt.

T h e  B oys  B eh in d  th e  C ounter.

Ironwood—Chas.  Peterson,  who  has 
been  connected  with  the  grocery  depart­
ment  of  the  Ironwood  Store  Co. 
for 
twelve  years,  has  resigned  to  take  a 
similar  position  with  Olson  Bros.

Coldwater— C.  Long,  who  has  been 
head  clerk  in  Freidman  &  Co.’s  store, 
has  finished  his  year  there  and  has  be­
gun  work  at  Woodward  &  Co. ’s  store.

Quincy— M.  J.  Condra,  Jr.,  has  re­
signed  his  position  with  Pearce  & 
Lyon,  where  he  has  had  charge  of  their 
shoe  department,  and  gone  to  Adrian  to 
take  charge  of  the  shoe  department  of 
Wood,  Crane  &  Wood.

Battle  Creek—Albert  Henry,  formerly 
clerk  with  C.  B.  Whipple,  has  taken  a 
position 
in  the  grocery  store  of  James 
Redner.

Shepherd— Ernest  W.  Mills,  of  Mid­
is  clerking  in  the  drug  store  of  J, 

land 
D.  McKenna.

Three  Rivers— Fred  Moss  has  re­
at

signed  his  position  as  salesman 

M ICHIGAto  TRAD ESM AN

Kapp’s  shoe  store.  Amasa  Dukette,  of 
Mendon,  has  taken  his  place.

Dowagiac—Charles  Tuttle  has  trans­
ferred  himself  from  the  White  Front 
dry  goods  store  to  the  Economic  store.

G eneral S e llin g  A g e n t o f th e  B an iga n  Cine.

Edward  R.  Rice,  General  Selling 
Agent  of  the  Banigan Rubber Company, 
with  stores  at  Buffalo  and  Chicago.

The  Tradesman  is  informed  that  the 
10  per  cent,  reduction  in  fire  insurance 
rates,  which  took  place  about  two  years 
ago,  will  shortly  be  abrogated  and  rates 
restored  to  the  former  basis,  due  to  an 
agreement  which 
con­
cluded  between  leading  representatives 
of  the 
insurance  companies  and  the 
State  Insurance  Commission.

is  practically 

Clare  Courier:  H.  T.  Carson  has 
quit  the  employ  of  A.  S.  Rhoades  and 
is  now  traveling  salesman  for the whole­
sale  house  of  Marskev  Bros.  &  Co., 
Limited,  of  Saginaw.  His  territory 
is 
Michigan,  Wisconsin  and  Indiana.

F. 

H.  Counter, 

former 

landlord  of 

the  Dexter  House,  at  Grand  Ledge,  has 
assumed  control  of  the American House, 
at  Mason,  having  purchased  the  prop­
erty  of  David  Erwin.

If  a  man  knows  where  he  lost  his  ap­
petite  he  would  stand  a  better  chance 
in  finding  it.

A  padded  census  in  an  expansion city 

is  not  worth  the  padding.

Some  people  give  sharp  answers  for 

fear  of  being  called  dull.

Summer  wants  to  linger  in  the  lap  of 

fall  and  keep  it  warm.

A d vertisem en ts  w ill  be  inserted  under 
th is  head  for  tw o  cents  a  w ord  th e  first 
insertion  and  one  cen t  a  w ord  for  each 
subsequent  insertion.  No  advertisem ents 
tak en   for  less  than   85  cents.  A d van ce 
paym ents.

B U SIN E SS  C H A N C E S .

6V2

I  ¡'OR  SALE—ONE  SET  DAYTON  COMPUT- 
ing scales and one  medium-sized  safe.  Ad­
dress C. L.  Dolph, Temple, Mich. 
Ho t e l  f o r   r e n t   o r  s a l e - s t e a m  

heat, electric lights,  hardwood  floors,  etc.; 
located in Bessemer, Mich., county seat  Gogebic 
county.  Address  J.  M.  Whiteside,  Bessemer,
Mich.________________  
1 ITANTED—TO  BUY  BANKRUPT  STOCK 
dry goods or dry goods and  shoes,  former 
line preferred.  Address,  with  particulars—size 
of stock, etc.—Box 9», Mason.  Mfch. 
I  ¡'OR  SALE—STOCK  OF  BOOKS,  STATION- 
ery, wall paper, etc., and only complete news 
depot in town;  also  daily  paper  route;  a  good 
paying business and an excellent opportunity for 
the right party.  Ill health  the  only  reason  for 
selling.  Write or call  on  M.  Van  Putten,  Hol­
land, Mich. 

519

521

523

 

517

520

FOR  SALE — GENERAL  MERCHANDISE 
stock, invoicinK about  $8,000,  store  building 
and fixtures.  Stock is  in  At  shape.  Trade  es­
tablished  over  twenty  years,  would  accept 
house and lot or farm  in  part  payment.  Splen­
did chance for the right person.  Reason for sell­
ing,  wish  to  retire  from  business  and  take  a 
needed  rest.  Address  No.  520,  care  Michigan 
Tradesman. 
Tj'OR  SALE—FINE  DRY GOODS BUSINESS, 
r   Stock  will  invoice  $18,000.  Will  reduce  it. 
Best city in Michigan of 20.000.  Cash trade sales 
$40,000 per  year.  Will  sell  all  or  half  interest. 
Have other business to look after.  If you do not 
mean business don’t write.  No attention paid to 
trades.  Address No. 518, care Michigan  Trades­
man;__________________________________ 518
D’RUG  STOCK  WANTED 
INVOICING 
from $500 to  $1,200;  small  town  preferred. 
Write quick.  Address P. H.  D.,  care  Michigan 
Tradesman. 
IT'OR  RENT—A  GOOD  BRICK  STORE 
building centrally located in a  good business 
town.  Address Mrs. E. F. Colwell, Lake Odessa, 
Mich.__________________ 
516
Fi'O R   SALE—DRUG  STOCK  INVOICING 
fifteen hundred  ($1,500) dollars,  in  Southern 
Michigan.  Will retain half interest or sell entire 
stock.  Good place to make money.  Reason  for 
selling, have  other  business.  Address  No.  515, 
care Michigan Tradesman. 
Dr u g   s t o r e   f o r   s a l e —g o o d   l o c a - 
Tradesman.______________________  
y O R   SALE  CHEAP—GENERAL  STOCK  OF 
I  merchandise, invoicing $2,500.  Will rent store 
building and fixtures very cheap.  Good farming 
couutry and excellent potato region roundabout. 
Dealer could  handle farm produce to advantage. 
Do  not  care  for  money  payment.  Will  accept 
ample security.  Reason for selling,  poor  health 
and need of rest.  Address No.  511,  care  Michi­
gan Tradesman.  _____________ 
I POR  SALE—GOOD  PAYING  DRUG  STORE 
in Milwaukee; clean stock and new fixtures; 
no cutting;  sales average $22 per day.  Excellent 
opportunity for right  man.  Address P.  O.  Box 
434, Milwaukee. Wis.___________  

509

514

515

511

tion;  nice clean  stock.  Reason  for  selling, 
other business.  Address  No. 514, care  Michigan 

504

■  GOOD  CLEA N   STOCK  OF  SHOES.  RUB- 

bers,  gloves,  hosiery,  groceries  and  store 
fixtures for sale at 65 cents on the dollar of cost: 
good town,  good  location,  good  trade;  best  of 
reasons for selling.  Stock invoices  about  $4,300. 
If you cannot pay cash at the price, do not bother 
me.  H. W. Clark. Portland, Mich.________ 508
|X >R   SALE — CIGAR  WHEEL,  BICYCLE 
r   style, almost new.  Address Parrish  & Wat- 
son, Ithaca, Mich._______ _____________ 
y O R   RENT-THE  BEAUTIFUL  DOUBLE 
r   store  building  now  occupied  by  Deutsch 
Bros, in best location in Beatrice, Neb.,  suitable 
for  dry  goods,  clothing  or  department  store, 
SO x 100.  Address P. O.  Box  217,  Michigan  City, 
Ind. 
506
W HAT  HAVE  YOU  TO  TRADE  FOR 
improved  real  estate,  southwest  corner 
Wealthy and  Paris  avenues,  Grand  Rapids?  I 
prefer Detroit  suburban  or  Petoskey  business 
property.  Mortgaged  property  will  not  be 
looked  at.  Address  P.  Medaiie,  Mancelona, 
Mich., or Jas. Campbell,  Giant  Clothing  Build­
ing, Grand Rapids, Mich. 
498
STORE  TO  RENT  IN  LANSING,  MICH?, 
106  Washington  avenue,  size  24  x  65.  Will 
rent for boot and shoe business; this is  the  very 
best location; now occupied  by clothing but will 
be vacated by Sept. 15.  Write  Geo.  H.  Sheets, 
Grand Ledge, Mich. 
495
I?OR  SALE-FRUIT  FARM  NEAR  TRAV- 
erse  City;  or  would  exchange  for  grocery 
stock  or  country  store  property.  G. L. Clapp, 
Archie,  Mich. 
493
I F  YOU  WISH  TO  SELt,  YOUR  STOCK“OF 
merchandise; or  If  you  wish  to  purchase  a 
stock of merchandise; or if  you wish  to  make  a 
good business investment, it will  be  to  your  in­
terest  to  write  Clark’s  Business  Exchange,  23 
Monroe  St.  (Telephone  349),  Grand  Rapids,
Mich._____________________ _____________499
y O R  SALE—NATIONAL  CASH  REGISTER, 
P   No. 95 B.  Has been used only  three  weeks. 
Apply to J. H. Travis. Elsie. Mich.________ 491
Fi'OR  SALE —  146  ACRES  OF  LAND  IN 
Marion  county,  Florida.  Over  100  acres 
cleared.  Suitable for fruit, vegetables and stock 
growing.  Price $15 per acre.  No trades.  L.  D. 
Stark, Cascade, Mien. 
486
STORE  TO  RENT  IN  CADILLAC;  CEN- 
trally located; formerly used for  drug  store, 
later for grocery store.  Dr. John Leeson.  377 
y O R   SALE—WATER  WORKS  PLANT AND 
I  
franchise in Northern  Michigan.  Write  for 
particulars to D.  Reeder, Lake City, Mich.  424
F'OR  SALE  OR  EXCHANGE  FOR  GEN- 
eral  Stock  of  Merchandise—Two  80  acre 
farms;  also double store building.  Good trading 
point.  Address No. 388,  care  Michigan  Trades- 
man. 
_____________________________388
Fi'O R   SALE—GENERAL  STOCK,  LOCATED 
at good  country  trading  point.  Stock  and 
fixtures will inventory about $2,000;  rent  reason­
able:  good place  to  handle  produce.  Will  sell 
stock  complete  or  separate  any  branch  of  It. 
Address No. 292, care Michigan Tradesman.  292 
ARTIES  HAVING  STOCKS  OF  GOODS 
of any kind, farm or city  property  or  manu­
facturing plants,  that  they  wish  to  sell  or  ex­
change, write us for our free 24-page catalogue of 
real estate and business chances.  The Derby  & 
Choate Real Estate Co., Lansing. Mich. 
FIOR  SALE  CHEAP — $3,000  GENERAL 
stock and  building.  Address  No.  240,  care 
Michigan Tradesman.________  

240

259

M IS C E L L A N E O U S .

510

WANTED  —  DRUG  CLERK.  MUST  BE 
registered in Wisconsin;  married man pre­
ferred; permanent  position  to  right  man.  Ad­
dress P. O.  Box 434, Milwaukee,  Wis. 
OUNG  MAN  VANTS  A  POSITION  IN  A 
drugstore.  Graduate  of  school  of  phar­
macy.  No  experience.  Address  No.  503,  care 
Michigan Tradesman. 
503
A  RELIABLE  MAN  OF  NINE  YEARS’ EJU 
perience,  acquainted  with  several  depart­
ments, desires store or office position  in  Central 
or  Southern  Michigan.  Write  for  particulars. 
Address  No. 502. care Michigan Tradesman.  502 
\E 7A N TE D  — A  FEW  GOOD  RELIABLE 
tt  agents to sell  our  new  improved  lighting 
machine.  Makes the finest, cheapest and safest 
light  on  earth.  This  machine  has  just  been 
brought  out.  Write  for  terms  and  territory. 
The improved Gasoline Incandescent  Light  Co., 
Howell, Mich. 

482

The  demand  for  our

High
Grade
Show
Cases

is so great that we have 

Removed to

More Commodious Quarters 

Big Cylinder Sander

Corner South Ionia and Bartlett Streets, 
Two blocks from new Union Depot.
We  have  doubled  our  capac­
ity  and  purchased  s e v e r a l  
THOUSAND  DOLLARS’  WORTH 
of  new,  improved  machinery, 
including a

When you  come  to  the  State 
Fair  or  whenever  you  visit 
Grand  Rapids  call  and  in­
spect  our  plant  and  our  com­
plete  line  of  show  cases  and 
office fixtures.

■ gflOPQOOQOOffpoftffftgflft

Grand  Rapids  Fixtures  Co.

Villiam  Reid

t  and  Jobber  of  Polished 
Plate,  Window  and  Ornamental

Glass

Paint,  Oil,  White  Lead,  Var­

nishes and  Brushes

GRAN D  RAPIDS,  MICH.

L  BUTLER 
Resident Manager

YYTT»TfftnryYr»yrinnnr»

G A S  AN D   G ASO LIN E  

M A N T L E S

ANTED—POSITION  AS  BOOKKEEPER 
by young lady who has had about  a  dozen 
years’  experience  in  store  and  office  and  can 
give  best  of  references  as  to  character  and 
ability.  Address No. 513, care Michigan Trades­
man. 

6X3

Shades,  Burners,  Chimneys,  Mica Goods 
etc.,  at  lowest  prices.  Write  for  price 
sheet.

G lover’s  W holesale  M erchandise  Co.

8 and 9 Tower Block, 

Grand Rapids, Mich.

Holiday  Goods

W e  have  on  display  a  complete  line  of 
everything  suitable  for  Christmas  trade, 
consisting in  part  of Fancy  China,  Dinner 
Ware,  Glassware,  Leather,  Celluloid  and 
Fancy  Goods,  Dolls,  Books,  Games, 
Toys,  etc.

We  handle  all  our  lines  on  a  strictly 
commission  basis,  representing  the  lead­
ing manufacturers  in  their  various  prod­
ucts,  and  we  cordially  invite  you  to  call 
Upon  us  and  see  for  yourself  the  differ­
ence 
in  prices  between  our  up-to-date 
methods  and  the usual  channels.

You can make one good profit  on  your 

goods by placing your orders with us.

Frank  B.  Taylor  C o .

Importers  &  Commission  Merchants

135  Jefferson  Ave.,  Detroit,  Michigan

W

fW

w
#

w
w

THE  IMPROVED

WELSBACH
..LAMPS.

HYDRO-CARBON

(G ASOLINE)

Manufactured Under U.  S.  Letters  Patent. 
Approved by  Fire  Insurance Underwriters.

100 Candle-Power  Light for 25c a  Month.

WELSBACH  HYDRO-CARBON  MANTLE,  Made Expressly for this Lamp.

F IT T E D   W ITH   TH E

Send for Catalogue showing different designs and Trade Prices.  Address

A. T.  KNOWLSON, 233 Griswold  St.,  Detroit,  Mich.

(Conducting Michigan Supply Depot for Welsbach Goods.)

Fleischm ann   &   Co.’s  

j
Com pressed  Y east j
■
l

Strongest  Yeast 
Largest  Profit 

Greatest  Satisfaction 

to  both  dealer  and  consumer^  3^ 
Fleischmann  & Co.,

419 Plum Street, Cincinnati, Ohio.

Grand  Rapids Agency, 29 Crescent Ave.  Detroit Agency,  ill  West  Lamed  Street.

kem pis  &   Gallm eyer  Foundry  C o .

Manufacturers of all kind  of

Lawn  and  Park  Settees  and  Vases,  Iron,  Brass  and 

Aluminum  Castings 

- =

60 to 68  NORTH  FRONT  ST.

GRAND  RAPIDS,  MICH.

M A N U F A C T U R E R S   O F

The  Rempis’

P A T E N T

Oscillating

Sleigh
Knees

The  “ Standard”  has  been  in  use 
eleven  winters  and  has  given  good 
satisfaction  to  the  sleighmakers.  It 
has  found  a  ready  sale  in  varjons 
parts of the country and the call for it 
will  be  increased  wherever  sleighs 
are in use.

Our  “ Lumberman”  knee is designed 
and adapted for  extra  heavy  logging 
service, and makes the stoutest sleigh 
for  woods  work.  The  knee  has  a 
square socket which fits between two 
blocks and rests  on  both  the  runner 
and blocks.  The blocks are 514 inches 
apart  and  3%  inches  wide,  any  de­
sired  length.  Four  inches  from  top 
of runner to bottom of knee.

1 Standard ”

T h e  “ L u m b erm a n ”  D etached

Baldwin, Tuthill & Bolton, Grand Rapids, Mich.  Edwards & Chamberlain Hardware Co.. Kalamazoo, 
[Mich.

■  Suelflohn & Seefeld, Milwaukee, Wis. 

S. D.  Kimbark, Chicago, 111. 

Morley Bros., East Saginaw, Mich. 

Nicols & Dean, St. Paul, Minp.

Belknap  Wagon Co., Grand Rapids, Mich. 

Limbach, Sons & Co., Detroit, Mich.

S A L E S   A G E N T S

WORLD'S  BEST

.C.W5 C .  CIGAR.  ALL  J O B B E R S   AND

<3. Jl  JO H N S O N  C IG A R  CO.

G R A N D   RAPID S.  MICH.

Fibre  Butter  Packages

Convenient and Sanitary

Lined with parchment paper.  The best class 
of  trade  prefer  them.  Write  for  prices  to 
dealers.

Gem  Fibre  Package Co.

Detroit,  Michigan

CIGAR

A  lvVA y4

8 E 4 T .

OLD
REU'

TRADE

W IN N E R S

FOR
1900

Rich Fancy Goods, 
Toilet Cases, Collar 
and Cuff Boxes, 
Shaving Outfits, 
ITanicure Sets, Glove 
and Handkerchief 
Boxes, Necktie Cases, 
Celluloid Novelties, 
Real Ebony Articles, 
Ebonized  Fancy 
Goods, Sterling Sil­
ver Novelties, Art 
Metal Wares, Fancy 
Mirrors,  Candelabra, 
Ink Stands, Writing 
Desks, Work Boxes, 
Pearl Novelties, Gold 
Pens, Fountain Pens, 
Fancy Baskets, Ploto 
Albums, Scrap 
Books, Autograph 
Albums, Medalions, 
Silver Plated Ware, 
Nut Picks and 
Cracker,  Fruit 
‘Cnives, Smokers’ 
Articles, Leather . 
Goods, Pocket and 
Bill Books, Purses 
and Chatelaines, Hoi- 
iday China, Cups and 
Saucers,  Ornamental 
Pottery, Bisque 
Figures, Holiday 
Perfumery,  Perfume 
Atomizers, Toilet Ar= 
tides, Bulk Perfum­
ery, Druggist Sun­
dries, Fine Station­
ery, Games and 
Blocks, Home Amuse­
ments, Dolls and 
Toys.  Positively the 
largest assortment 
in Michigan.
Juvenile Books,  Mis­
cellaneous Books, 
Holiday Booklets, 
Fancy Calendars, 
Christmas Cards.
See our Holiday Cir­
cular for further par­
ticulars of the vari- 
J ^ o u s j i n e s ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^

A Holiday Line Unequaled

FRED  BRUNDAGE,

Wholesale Druggist, Stationery 

and Holiday Goods,

32=34 Western Ave., Muskegon.

We take  pleasure  in  announcing  that 
our New Line of  Holiday  Specialties  for  the 
Season of  1900 is  now  ready  for  inspection 
in  our  Daylight  Sample  Room  (3,000 
square  feet)  and,  so  far  as  possible,  will 
be  shown  by  our  travelers  on  the  road. 
Our Assortment— always  large— is  this sea­
son  more complete than ever, and comprises 
everything desirable in  holiday  articles,  es­
pecially  selected  to  meet  the  require­
ments  of  the  Drug,  Stationery  and  Bazaar 
Trades.  As  there is  every  prospect  of  a 
large  business,  would  advise  our  friends 
to  place their orders early for immediate  or 
later  shipment.  A  personal  visit  to  our 
Sample Rooms will  be found  the  most  sat­
isfactory  way  to  make  selections  and  to 
those  who  favor  us  with  a  call  a  liberal 
expense  allowance  will  be  made  on  their 
holiday  purchases.

Kindly  advise  us  in  advance,  if  con­
venient,  the  date  of your  proposed  visit, 
so  we  can  arrange  to  wait  upon  you 
promptly.  We  solicit  your  orders  for 
any  goods  in  our line.

FRED  BRUNDAGE,

M U SK E G O N ,  M IC H . 

Prompt  Shipment. 

Liberal  Terms.

Everything  at  the  Right 

oe  ’¿if  Price  é t  é f

Holiday
Announcement

Our  assortment of  Holiday  Goods  for  this  sea­
son’s  trade  is  complete,  and  we  have  on  sale 
the  Largest  and  Brightest  line  of

Bric-a-Brac

Art  Pottery

Bohemian  Glass 

Novelties  in  French  and 

German China

we  have ever offered.  Our  Michigan  represen­
tatives  are now in  the  State with complete  sam­
ple  lines,  and  we  will  be  pleased  to  make 
arrangements  for you  to  see  them.  Write  for 
particulars.

Kinney  &  Levan

Importers and Jobbers in Crockery,  Glass,  Lamps  and 

House  Furnishing  Goods 

Cleveland,  Ohio

The  Daudt  Glass  &  Crockery  Co.
Earthenware,  China,  Glassware,  Lamps, 

Wholesale

Dolls,  Toys,  Etc.

236 Summit  and  230,  232,  234,  235 &  236 Water Streets, 

TOLEDO,  OHIO

Announcement:

lines  of  Holiday 
Our  various 
Goods  are  now  complete  and 
ready  for  your 
inspection.  We 
herewith 
invite  you  to  examine 
our samples of
French,  German  and  Austrian  Decor­

ated  China.

Bohemian  Cut  and  Decorated  Glass­

ware.

English  Decorated  Dinnerware.

Lamps and  Lamp Goods.

Dolls, Toys,  Books and  Pictures. 
Metal and  Celluloid  Fancy Goods.

W e shall be  pleased  to  have  you 
pay  us a visit.  W e will endeavor 
to  make  the  same  both  pleasant 
and profitable for you.

The  Daudt Glass  &  Crockery  Co.

