<P_255>

<heading>

APRIL (EDWARD-E1-H,255.3)

</heading>

2 . (EDWARD-E1-H,255.5)

The parliement proroged to the secund day of the terme in Octobre next
ensuyng . (EDWARD-E1-H,255.6)

3 . (EDWARD-E1-H,255.7)

Nicholas Ridley , befor of Rochester , made bishop of London ,
(EDWARD-E1-H,255.8)

and received his othe . (EDWARD-E1-H,255.9)

Thomas Thirlby , befor of Whestmuster , made bishop of Norwich ,
(EDWARD-E1-H,255.10)

and received his othe . (EDWARD-E1-H,255.11)

5 . (EDWARD-E1-H,255.12)

The bishop of Chichestre , befor a vehement affirmer of
transubstantiation , did preach against $it at Whestmuster in the
preching place . (EDWARD-E1-H,255.13)

Removing to Grenwich from Whestmuster . (EDWARD-E1-H,255.14)

6 . (EDWARD-E1-H,255.15)

Our hostiages passed the narowseas between Dover and Cales .
(EDWARD-E1-H,255.16)

7 . (EDWARD-E1-H,255.17)

Mon. de Fern~in , gentilman of the kinges privi chamber , passed from
the French king by England to the Scottish quen , to tel her of the
paix . (EDWARD-E1-H,255.18)

An ambassadour came from Gostav the Suethin King , called Andre , for a
surer amiti touching marchandis . (EDWARD-E1-H,255.19)

<P_256>

9 . (EDWARD-E1-H,256.21)

The hostiages delivered on both the sides , for the ratification of the
league with Fraunce and Scoteland , forbicaus som said to mon. Rochepot
, lieutenant , that mon. de Guyse , father to the marquis of Means ,
was ded , (EDWARD-E1-H,256.22)

and therefor the delivery was put over a day . (EDWARD-E1-H,256.23)

8 . (EDWARD-E1-H,256.24)

My lord Warwic made general warden of the North , and mr. Herbert
president of Walis , (EDWARD-E1-H,256.25)

and the one had graunted to him a marc land , th'other , and lord
$Warwick horsmen at my {COM:altered_to_King} charge .
(EDWARD-E1-H,256.26)

9 . (EDWARD-E1-H,256.27)

Licencies signed for the whole counsel , and certaine of the privi
chamber , to kepe amonge them {COM:above_is_written} retainers .
(EDWARD-E1-H,256.28)

. (EDWARD-E1-H,256.29)

My lord $Somerset taken into the counsel . (EDWARD-E1-H,256.30)

Guidotti , the <P_257> beginner of the talk for peax , recompensed with
knightdom , a thousand crounes reward , a crounes pension , and his son
with crounes pencion . (EDWARD-E1-H,257.31)

Certen prisoners for light maters dismissed . (EDWARD-E1-H,257.32)

Agreed for delivery of French prisoners taken in the warris .
(EDWARD-E1-H,257.33)

Petre Van sent embassadour to Venice . (EDWARD-E1-H,257.34)

Lettres directed to certein Irish nobles to take a blind legat coming
from the pope , calling himself bishop of Arcman . (EDWARD-E1-H,257.35)

Commissions for the delivery of Boulein , Lodres , and Dunglas .
(EDWARD-E1-H,257.36)

6 . (EDWARD-E1-H,257.37)

Thre Fleminges men of war wold have passed our shippes without veling
bonet , wich $they seing , shot at them , and drove them at lenght to
vaile bonet , and so depart . (EDWARD-E1-H,257.38)

11 . (EDWARD-E1-H,257.39)

Mon. Trimoul , mon. vicedam de $Chartres , and mon. $Henaudiere , cam
to Dover ; (EDWARD-E1-H,257.40)

the rest taried at Cales til thei had leave . (EDWARD-E1-H,257.41)

12 . (EDWARD-E1-H,257.42)

Order taken that whosoever had benefices given them shuld preach befor
the King in or out of Lent , and every Sonday ther shuld be a sermon .
(EDWARD-E1-H,257.43)

16 . (EDWARD-E1-H,257.44)

The thre hostiages aforsaid cam to London , being met at Detford with
the lord Graye of Wilton , lord Bray , with divers other gentilmen to
the nomber of twenty , and serving men an hundred , and so brought into
the cite` , and lodged there , (EDWARD-E1-H,257.45)

and kept houses every man by themself . (EDWARD-E1-H,257.46)

18 . (EDWARD-E1-H,257.47)

Mr. Sidney and mr. Nevel made gentlemen of the privey <P_258> chamber .
(EDWARD-E1-H,258.48)

Commission given to the lord Chobham deputy of Cales , sir William
Petre chef secretary , and sir Jhon Mason , French secretary , to see
the French king take his oth , with certein instrucion ; and that sir
Jhon Mason shuld be embassadour ligier . (EDWARD-E1-H,258.49)

Commission to sir John $Maurice Denis and sir Wiliam Sharington to
receive the first paiment and deliver the quittaunce .
(EDWARD-E1-H,258.50)

19 . (EDWARD-E1-H,258.51)

Sir Jhon Mason taken into the previe counsel , (EDWARD-E1-H,258.52)

and William Thomas $made clerk of the same . (EDWARD-E1-H,258.53)

Wheras the Emperour's embassadour desired $leave by lettres patentes
that my ladi Mary might have mass , it was denied him ;
(EDWARD-E1-H,258.54)

and wher he said we brake the legue with him by making peax <P_259>
with Scotland , it was answered , that the French king and not I did
comprehend them , saving that I might not $invade them without occasion
. (EDWARD-E1-H,259.55)

. (EDWARD-E1-H,259.56)

Lodres being besieged of the Scotis , the captain , hering that the
peax was proclaimed in England , deliverid it as the peax did will him
, taking sureties that al the bargaines of the peax shuld be kept .
(EDWARD-E1-H,259.57)

18 . (EDWARD-E1-H,259.58)

Monsiur de Guyse died . (EDWARD-E1-H,259.59)

. (EDWARD-E1-H,259.60)

Ordre taken for the chambre that three of th' utter previe-chamber
gentlemen shuld alwaies be here , and tow lie in the palat , and fill
the $rome of $one of the foure knightes ; that the esquieres shuld be
diligent in ther office ; and 5 gromes shuld be alwaies present , of
wich $one to watch in the bedchamber . (EDWARD-E1-H,259.61)

21 . (EDWARD-E1-H,259.62)

The marquis du Means , the duc d'Anguien , and the constable's sone
arrived at Dover . (EDWARD-E1-H,259.63)

<P_260>

23 . (EDWARD-E1-H,260.65)

Mons. Trimouille and the vicedam of Chartres and mons. Henaudiere cam
to the court , (EDWARD-E1-H,260.66)

and saw the ordre of the garter , and the knightes with the souverain
receive the communion . (EDWARD-E1-H,260.67)

24 . (EDWARD-E1-H,260.68)

Certein articles touching a straighter amytie in marchandis sent to the
king of Suethen , being these : (EDWARD-E1-H,260.69)

First , if the king of <P_261> Suethen sent bullion , he shuld have our
commodites , and pay noe toll . (EDWARD-E1-H,261.70)

Secundly , he shuld bring bullion to non other prince .
(EDWARD-E1-H,261.71)

Thirdly , if he brought ozymus , and stele , and cooper , etc. , he
shuld have our commodites and pai custom as an Englishman .
(EDWARD-E1-H,261.72)

Forthly , if he brought any other , he shuld have free entrecours ,
paing custom as a strangier , etc. (EDWARD-E1-H,261.73)

It was answerid to the duc of Brunswic , that wheras he offered <P_262>
service with men of his band , that the war was endid ;
(EDWARD-E1-H,262.74)

and for the mariage of my lady Mary to him , ther was talk for her
mariag with th'enfant of Portungal , wich being determined , he shuld
have answere . (EDWARD-E1-H,262.75)

25 . (EDWARD-E1-H,262.76)

The lord Clinton captain of Bolein , having sent away befor al his men
saving , and al his ordonnaunce saving that the treaty did reserve ,
issued out of the towne with these , delivering it to mons. Chastillon
, receiving of him the six hostagies English , a <P_263> quittaunce for
delivery of the towne , and save-conduyt to com to Cales , whither when
he $came he placed in the emperour's frontieres . (EDWARD-E1-H,263.77)

27 . (EDWARD-E1-H,263.78)

The marquis du Means , conte d'Anguien , and the constable's son wer
received at Blakheth by my lord of Rutland , my lord Gray of Wilton ,
my lord Bray , my lord Lisle , and divers gentlemen , with al the
pensionaries to the nombre of , besid a great nomber of serving men .
(EDWARD-E1-H,263.79)

It was grauntid that my lord of Somerset shuld have al his movebal
goodes and lesses {COM:leases} , except thos that be alredie given .
(EDWARD-E1-H,263.80)

The kinges of Seuthen embassadeur departid home to his master .
(EDWARD-E1-H,263.81)

29 . (EDWARD-E1-H,263.82)

The conte d'Anguien brother to the duke of Vendosm , and next heir to
the croun after the kinges children , the marquis de Means brother to
the Scottish quen , and mons. Montmorency the <P_264> constable's sone
, cam to the court , wher thei war received with much musike at diner .
(EDWARD-E1-H,264.83)

26 . (EDWARD-E1-H,264.84)

Certein wer taken that went about to have an insurrection in Kent upon
May-day following , (EDWARD-E1-H,264.85)

and the priest who was the cheaf worker ran away into Essex , wher he
was laid for . (EDWARD-E1-H,264.86)

. (EDWARD-E1-H,264.87)

Dunglas was deliverid , as the treaty did require .
(EDWARD-E1-H,264.88)

<heading>

MAY . (EDWARD-E1-H,264.90)

</heading>

2 . (EDWARD-E1-H,264.92)

Jhon {COM:Joan} Bocher , otherwis Jhon {COM:Joan} of Kent , was burnt
for holding that Christ was not incarnat of the Virgin Mary , being
condemned the yere befor , but kept in hope of conversion ;
(EDWARD-E1-H,264.93)

and the of April the bishop of London and the bishop of Elie were to
perswad her . (EDWARD-E1-H,264.94)

But she withstode them , (EDWARD-E1-H,264.95)

and reviled the preacher that preached at her death .
(EDWARD-E1-H,264.96)

<P_265>

The first paiment was paied at Cales , and received by sir Thomas
$Maurice Dennis and mr. Sharington . (EDWARD-E1-H,265.98)

4 . (EDWARD-E1-H,265.99)

The lord Clinton , befor captain of Bolein , come to the courte , where
, after thankes , he was mad Admirall of England , upon the surrendre
of th'erle's of Warwic patent . (EDWARD-E1-H,265.100)

He was also taken into the previe counsel , and promised farther reward
. (EDWARD-E1-H,265.101)

The capitaines also and officers of the town wer promised rewardes .
(EDWARD-E1-H,265.102)

Mons. de Brisay also passed by the court to Scoteland , where at
Grenwich he cam to the King , telling him that the French king wold see
that if he laked any commodite that he had , he wold give it him , and
likewis wold the constable of Fraunce , who then bar al the swinge .
(EDWARD-E1-H,265.103)

5 . (EDWARD-E1-H,265.104)

The marquis du Means departid into Scoteland with mons. de Brisay , to
comfort the quen of the death of the duc of Guise .
(EDWARD-E1-H,265.105)

<P_266>

6 . (EDWARD-E1-H,266.107)

The M=r= of Askin and mon. Morret's brother came out of Scoteland for
th'acceptacion of the peax , who after had pasport to goe into Fraunce
. (EDWARD-E1-H,266.108)

7 . (EDWARD-E1-H,266.109)

The councel drue a boke for every shier , who shuld be lieutenants in
them , and who shuld tary with me ; (EDWARD-E1-H,266.110)

but the lieutenants <P_267> wer appointed to tary till Chastillon's ,
Sarcy , and Bouchetel's coming , and then to depart .
(EDWARD-E1-H,267.111)

9 . (EDWARD-E1-H,267.112)

Proclamation was mad that the soldiars should returne to their mansions
; (EDWARD-E1-H,267.113)

and the mair of London had charge to loke thorowgh al the wardes , to
take them , and send them to thear countries . (EDWARD-E1-H,267.114)

The det of thirty thousand pound and ode money was put over an yere ,
(EDWARD-E1-H,267.115)

and ther was bought cinqtales of pouder . (EDWARD-E1-H,267.116)

11 . (EDWARD-E1-H,267.117)

Proclamation was made that al wolwinders shuld take an <P_268> oth that
$they wold make good cloth ther as the lord chauncelour wold apoint
them , according to an acte of parliement made by Edward the thirde .
(EDWARD-E1-H,268.118)

7 . (EDWARD-E1-H,268.119)

The lord Cobham , the secretary Petre , and sir Jhon Mason cam to the
French king to Amyens , going on his journey , wher thei were received
of al the nobles , and so brought to thear loginges , wich were wel
dressed . (EDWARD-E1-H,268.120)

. (EDWARD-E1-H,268.121)

The French king toke the othe for th'acceptation of the treaty .
(EDWARD-E1-H,268.122)

12 . (EDWARD-E1-H,268.123)

Our embassadours departid from the French court , leving sir Jhon Mason
as legier . (EDWARD-E1-H,268.124)

14 . (EDWARD-E1-H,268.125)

The duke of Somerset was taken into the prive chambre ,
(EDWARD-E1-H,268.126)

and likewise was the lord admirall $Clinton . (EDWARD-E1-H,268.127)

15 . (EDWARD-E1-H,268.128)

It was apointed that al the light horsmen of Bolein and the men of
armes shuld be paid their wages , and be led by the lord marquis of
Northampton , capitain of the pensionaries , and al the gard of Bolein
under the lord admiral . Also that the chiefest capitaines shuld be
sent , with with them , to the strenghthening of the frontieres of
Scoteland . (EDWARD-E1-H,268.129)

<P_269>

The comprehension of peax with Scoteland was accepted so fare as the
league went , and sealed with the {COM:unfinished} .
(EDWARD-E1-H,269.131)

16 . (EDWARD-E1-H,269.132)

The maister of Eskin departed into Fraunce . (EDWARD-E1-H,269.133)

17 . (EDWARD-E1-H,269.134)

Removing to Whestmuster from Grenwich . (EDWARD-E1-H,269.135)

18 . (EDWARD-E1-H,269.136)

The French king came to Bolein to visit the pieces lately delivred to
him , and to apoint an ordre and stay in thinges there ; wich done , he
departid . (EDWARD-E1-H,269.137)

19 . (EDWARD-E1-H,269.138)

Peter Van went as embassadour to Venice , (EDWARD-E1-H,269.139)

and departid from the court with his instruccions .
(EDWARD-E1-H,269.140)

. (EDWARD-E1-H,269.141)

The lord Cobham and sir Wiliam Petre cam hom from ther journey ,
delivering both the oth , the testimoniall of the oth , witnessid by
divers noblemen of Fraunce , and also the treaty , sealed with the
great seal of Fraunce ; (EDWARD-E1-H,269.142)

and in the oth was confessid that I was Suprem Hed of the Church of
England and $Irland , and also King of Irland . (EDWARD-E1-H,269.143)

23 . (EDWARD-E1-H,269.144)

Mon. $Chastillon and Mortier , and Bouchetel , accompanied <P_270> with
the Ringrave , Dandelot , the constable's secound sone , and Chenault
the ligier , cam to Durasme place , where in their journei thei wer met
by mr. tresoror $Cheyne and threscore gentlemen at <P_271> Whulwhich ,
and also saluted with great peales both-3 at Whulwich , Dettford , and
the Towre . (EDWARD-E1-H,270.145)

24 . (EDWARD-E1-H,270.146)

The embassadours came to me , presenting the ligier , and also
delivering lettres of credaunce from the French king .
(EDWARD-E1-H,270.147)

<P_272>

25 . (EDWARD-E1-H,272.149)

The embassadours came to the court , where thei saw me take the oth for
th'acceptation of the treaty , and afterward dined with me ;
(EDWARD-E1-H,272.150)

and after diner saw a pastime of tenne against tenne at the ring ,
wherof on th'one $side were the duke of Sowthfolk , the vicedam , the
lord Lisle , and seven other gentlemen , appareled in yelow ; on the
other , the lord $Strange , mons. Henadoy , and yeight other , in blew
. (EDWARD-E1-H,272.151)

26 . (EDWARD-E1-H,272.152)

The embassadours saw the baiting of the bearis and bullis .
(EDWARD-E1-H,272.153)

27 . (EDWARD-E1-H,272.154)

The embassadours , after thei had hunted , sat with me at souper .
(EDWARD-E1-H,272.155)

28 . (EDWARD-E1-H,272.156)

The same went to see Hampton court , where thei did hunt , and the same
night retourne to Durasme place . (EDWARD-E1-H,272.157)

<P_273>

25 . (EDWARD-E1-H,273.159)

One that , by way $of {TEXT:have} mariage , had thought to assemble the
peple , and so to make an insurrection in Kent , was taken by the
gentlemene of the shier , and afterward punished .
(EDWARD-E1-H,273.160)

29 . (EDWARD-E1-H,273.161)

The embassadours had a fair souper made them by the duke of Somerset ,
(EDWARD-E1-H,273.162)

and afterward went into the tems {COM:on_the_Thames}
(EDWARD-E1-H,273.163)

and saw both the beare hunted in the river , and also wilfier cast out
of botis , and many prety conceites . (EDWARD-E1-H,273.164)

. (EDWARD-E1-H,273.165)

The embassadours toke ther leve , (EDWARD-E1-H,273.166)

and the next day departid . (EDWARD-E1-H,273.167)

<P_353>

13 . (EDWARD-E1-H,353.169)

Proclamacion signed touching the calling in of testornes and grotes ,
that they that list might cum to the minte and have fine silver of
twelve pence for tow testornes . (EDWARD-E1-H,353.170)

3 . (EDWARD-E1-H,353.171)

Prior de Capua departed the French kinges service ,
(EDWARD-E1-H,353.172)

and went to his ordre of knightes in Malta , partly for displeasur to
the conte Villars , the conestable's brother in law , partly for that
Malta was assayled often by the Turkis . (EDWARD-E1-H,353.173)

7 . (EDWARD-E1-H,353.174)

Sir Thomas Paulmer came to th'erl Warwike , since that time duke of
Northumberland , to deliver him his cheine , being a very faire one ,
for every lince wayed ane ounce , to be delivered to Jarnac , and so to
receive as much . Wherupon in my lord's gardein he declared a
conspiracye . How , at St. George's day last , my lord of Somerset ,
<paren> who then was going to the North , if the master of the hors ,
sir William Harbert , had not assured him on his honour that he shuld
have no hurt , </paren> went to rayse the peple , and the lord Grey
before , to know who were his frendes . (EDWARD-E1-H,353.175)

Afterward a devise was made to call th'erl of Warwike to a banket ,
with the $marquess of Northampton and divers other , and to cutte of
there heades . (EDWARD-E1-H,353.176)

Also if he found a bare company about them by the way , to set apon
them . (EDWARD-E1-H,353.177)

11 . (EDWARD-E1-H,353.178)

He declared also that mr. Vane had men in readines .
(EDWARD-E1-H,353.179)

Sir Thomas Arrondel had ashuerid my lord , that the Towre was sauf .
(EDWARD-E1-H,353.180)

Mr. Partrige shuld raise London , and take the great seale <P_354> with
the printes {COM:apprentices} of London . (EDWARD-E1-H,354.181)

Seymour and Hammon should wayt apon him , (EDWARD-E1-H,354.182)

and al the hors of the gend'armory shuld be slayne .
(EDWARD-E1-H,354.183)

15 . (EDWARD-E1-H,354.184)

Removing to Westmister , bicaus it was thought this matter might
easlier and surelier be dispachid there , and likewise al other .
(EDWARD-E1-H,354.185)

14 . (EDWARD-E1-H,354.186)

The duke sent for the secretary Cicel to tell him he suspected some ill
. (EDWARD-E1-H,354.187)

Mr. Cicel answerid that if he were not gilty he might be of good
courage ; (EDWARD-E1-H,354.188)

if he were , he had nothing to say but to lament him . Wherupon the
duke sent him a lettre of defiaunce , and called Paulmer , who after
denial $made of his declaracion was let goe . (EDWARD-E1-H,354.189)

16 . (EDWARD-E1-H,354.190)

This morning non was at Westmister of the conspiratours .
(EDWARD-E1-H,354.191)

The first was the duke , who came , latter then he was wont , of
himself . (EDWARD-E1-H,354.192)

After diner he was apprehendid . (EDWARD-E1-H,354.193)

Sir Thomas Paulmer on the tarrase walking there . (EDWARD-E1-H,354.194)

Hammon , passing by mr. vice-chamberlaines doore , was called in by
Jhon Piers to make a match at shoting , and so taken .
(EDWARD-E1-H,354.195)

Nidegates was called for as from my lord <P_355> his master , and taken
. (EDWARD-E1-H,355.196)

Likewise wer Jhon Seymour and Davy Seimour . (EDWARD-E1-H,355.197)

Arrondel also was taken , and the lord Grey , comming out of the
countrey . (EDWARD-E1-H,355.198)

Vanne upon tow sendings of my lord in the morning fledd at the first
sending ; (EDWARD-E1-H,355.199)

he said my lord was not stout , and if he could get home , he cared for
non of them all , he was so strong . (EDWARD-E1-H,355.200)

But after he was found by Jhon Piers in a stable of his man's at
Lambeth , under the straw . (EDWARD-E1-H,355.201)

Thies went with the duke to the Toure this night , saving Paulmer ,
Arrondel , and Vane , who were kept in chambers here apart .
(EDWARD-E1-H,355.202)

17 . (EDWARD-E1-H,355.203)

The duches , Crane and his wife , with the chaumber keaper , were sent
to the Towr for devising thies treasons ; Jaymes Wingfeld also , for
casting out of billes sediciouse . (EDWARD-E1-H,355.204)

Also mr. Partrig was attached , and sir Jaymes $Thomas Holcroft .
(EDWARD-E1-H,355.205)

18 . (EDWARD-E1-H,355.206)

Mr. Banister and mr. Vaugham were attached , and sent to the Towre ,
(EDWARD-E1-H,355.207)

and so was mr. Stanhope . (EDWARD-E1-H,355.208)

<P_356>

19 . (EDWARD-E1-H,356.210)

Sir Thomas Paulmir confessed that the gendarmerie on the mustar day
shuld be assaulted by footmen of mr. Vannis , and my lordes hundred
hors , besides his frendes wich stood by and the idle peple wich toke
his parte . (EDWARD-E1-H,356.211)

If he were overthrowen , he wold rune through London , and crie <font>
Liberty , liberty </font> , to raise the prentises ,
(EDWARD-E1-H,356.212)

and if he could , he wold goe to th'isle of Wight , or to Poole .
(EDWARD-E1-H,356.213)

22 . (EDWARD-E1-H,356.214)

The dowagier of Scoteland was by tempest driven to land at Portesmouthe
, (EDWARD-E1-H,356.215)

and so she sent word she wold take the benefite of the save-counduit ,
to goe by land , and to see me . (EDWARD-E1-H,356.216)

<P_357>

26 . (EDWARD-E1-H,357.218)

She came from Portesmouthe to mr. White's house . (EDWARD-E1-H,357.219)

24 . (EDWARD-E1-H,357.220)

The lords sate in the starre-chambre , (EDWARD-E1-H,357.221)

and their declared the matters and accusations layed against the duke ,
meaning to stay the mindes of the pepull . (EDWARD-E1-H,357.222)

25 . (EDWARD-E1-H,357.223)

Certain Germain princes , in the beginning of this month , desired ayd
in caus of relligion , of dalers , if they shuld be driven to make
shift by necessite` , (EDWARD-E1-H,357.224)

and offered the like also if I entred into any warre for them .
Wherupon I callid the lordis , and considered , as apperith by a scrole
in the board at Westmuster ; and therupon apointed that the secretary
Peter , and sir William Cicell , $and another secretary $Wotton , shuld
talke with the messenger <P_358> to know the matter precisly , and the
names of thos that wold entre the confederacy . (EDWARD-E1-H,358.225)

28 . (EDWARD-E1-H,358.226)

The dowagier came to sir Richard Cotton's house . (EDWARD-E1-H,358.227)

29 . (EDWARD-E1-H,358.228)

She came from sir Richard Cotton's to th'erle of $Arrondel's to diner ,
(EDWARD-E1-H,358.229)

and $was brought to mr. Browne's house , wheare met her gentlemen of
Sussex . (EDWARD-E1-H,358.230)

. (EDWARD-E1-H,358.231)

She came (EDWARD-E1-H,358.232)

and was conveyed by the same gentlemen to Gilford , where the lord
Wiliam Haward and the gentlemen of Surrey met her .
(EDWARD-E1-H,358.233)

Al this month the Frenchmen continued spoiling of th'emperour's
frountiers , (EDWARD-E1-H,358.234)

and in a skirmish at Ast thei slew Spaniardes . (EDWARD-E1-H,358.235)

31 . (EDWARD-E1-H,358.236)

A lettre directed to sir Arthur Darcy to take the charge of the Towre ,
and to discharge sir Jhon Mercame {COM:Markham} , upon this , that ,
without making any of the counsel privey , he suffered the duke to
walke abrood , and certain lettres to be sent and answerid , between
Davy Seymour and mrs. Poings , with other divers suspicions .
(EDWARD-E1-H,358.237)

17 . (EDWARD-E1-H,358.238)

There were lettres sent to all emperours , kinges , embassadours ,
<P_359> noblemen , and chief men in countreys , of the late conspiracy
. (EDWARD-E1-H,359.239)

31 . (EDWARD-E1-H,359.240)

She came to Ampton court conveyed by the same lord and gentlemen
aforesaid , (EDWARD-E1-H,359.241)

and tow mile and a haulfe from thence , in a valley , ther mete her the
lord marcus of Northampton , accompanied with th'erl of Wiltshier soone
and heir to the lord hie treasaurour marcus of Winchester , the lord
Fizwater soone to th'erl of Sussex , the lord Yuers , the lord Bray ,
the lord Robart Dudley , the lord Garet , sir Nicolas Throckmerton ,
sir Edward Rogers , and divers other gentlemen , besides al the
gentlemen pensionars , men of armes , and usshers , sewers and carvers
, to the nombre of gentlemen , (EDWARD-E1-H,359.242)

and so she was brought to Ampton court . (EDWARD-E1-H,359.243)

At the gate therof met her the lady marcus of Northamton , the
countesse of Penbroke , and divers other ladies and gentlewomen to the
nomber of threscore , (EDWARD-E1-H,359.244)

and so she was brought to her lodging on the quene's side , wich was al
hanged with arrase , (EDWARD-E1-H,359.245)

and so was the hale , and al the other logings of mine in the house ,
very finely dressed . (EDWARD-E1-H,359.246)

And for this night and the next day al was spent in dauncing and
pastime , as though it were a court , (EDWARD-E1-H,359.247)

and great presence of gentlemen resorted thither .
(EDWARD-E1-H,359.248)

26 . (EDWARD-E1-H,359.249)

Lettres were written for bicause of thies busines , to differ the
mustars of the gendarmery , tile the {COM:blank} day of December .
(EDWARD-E1-H,359.250)

<P_360>

<heading>

NOVEMBRE . (EDWARD-E1-H,360.253)

</heading>

1 . (EDWARD-E1-H,360.255)

The dowagier perused the house of Ampton court , (EDWARD-E1-H,360.256)

and saw some coursing of dere . (EDWARD-E1-H,360.257)

2 . (EDWARD-E1-H,360.258)

She came to the bishop's palaice at London , (EDWARD-E1-H,360.259)

and there she lay , (EDWARD-E1-H,360.260)

and al her traine lodged about her . (EDWARD-E1-H,360.261)

3 . (EDWARD-E1-H,360.262)

The duke of Southfolke , to th'erl of Warwicke , Wiltshier , and many
other lordis and gentlemen , were sent to her to welcome her , and to
saye , on my behaulf , that if she lakid any thing she shuld have it ,
for her bettir furniture , and also I wold willingly see hir the day
folowing . (EDWARD-E1-H,360.263)

<P_361>

The 26. of October , Crane confessed the most part even as Paulmir did
before , and more also ; how that the place wher the nobles shuld have
bene bankettid and there heddis striken of was the lord Pageit's house
, and how th'erl of Arrondel knew of the mattier as wel as he , by
Stanop , who was a messinger betwene them . (EDWARD-E1-H,361.265)

Also some part how he went to London to get friendes , once in August
last , faining himself sike . (EDWARD-E1-H,361.266)

Hammon also confessed the watch he kept in his chaumbre at night .
(EDWARD-E1-H,361.267)

Bren also confessid much of this matter . (EDWARD-E1-H,361.268)

The lord Straung confessid how the duke willed him to sturre me to mary
his third daughter the lady Jane , and willed him to be his spie in al
mattieres of my doynges and saynges , and to knowe when some of my
counsel spake secretly with me . (EDWARD-E1-H,361.269)

This he confessed to himself . (EDWARD-E1-H,361.270)

<P_362>

<heading>

NOVEMBRE . (EDWARD-E1-H,362.273)

</heading>

4 . (EDWARD-E1-H,362.275)

The duke of Southfolke and lord Fizwater , the lord Bray , and divers
other lordis and gentlemen , accompanied with his wife the ladie
Fraunces , the ladie Margaret , the duchesses of Richmond and of
Northumberland , the ladie Jane daughter to the duke of Southfolke ,
the marquessis of Northampton and Winchester , the countessis of
Arrondel , Bedford , Huntingdon , and Rutland , with other ladies and
gentlewomen , went to her , (EDWARD-E1-H,362.276)

and brought her throwgh London to Westmyster . (EDWARD-E1-H,362.277)

At the gate their receved her <P_363> the duke of Northumberland great
master , and the treasorer and controller and th'erl of Penbroke , with
al the sewers and carvers , and cupberears , to the nombre of thirty .
(EDWARD-E1-H,363.278)

In the hall I met her with al the rest of the lords of my counsell , as
the lord treasourour , the marquis of Northampton , etc. .
(EDWARD-E1-H,363.279)

and from the utter gate up to the presence-chaumber , on both sides ,
stode the gard . (EDWARD-E1-H,363.280)

The court , the hall , and the staires were full of servingmen , the
presence-chambre , great chaumbre , and her presence-chaumbre of
gentlemen ; (EDWARD-E1-H,363.281)

and so having brought her to her chaumbre , I retired to mine .
(EDWARD-E1-H,363.282)

I went to her to diner . (EDWARD-E1-H,363.283)

She dined under the same cloth of estate , at my left hand .
(EDWARD-E1-H,363.284)

At her reward dined my cousen Fraunces and my cousen Magret .
(EDWARD-E1-H,363.285)

At mine sate the French embassadour . (EDWARD-E1-H,363.286)

We were served by tow services , tow sewers , cupberears , carvers and
gentlemen . (EDWARD-E1-H,363.287)

Her maistre d'hostel cam befor her service , and mine officers befor
mine . (EDWARD-E1-H,363.288)

There were tow cupboards , one of gold 4 stages heyght , another of
massy silver 6 stages . (EDWARD-E1-H,363.289)

In her great chaumbre dined at three bordes the ladies only .
(EDWARD-E1-H,363.290)

After diner , when she had hard soome musike , I brought her to the
halle , (EDWARD-E1-H,363.291)

and so she went away . (EDWARD-E1-H,363.292)

5 . (EDWARD-E1-H,363.293)

The duke of Northumberland , the lord treasorour , the lord marquis of
Northampton , the lord prive seal , and divers other , went to see her
, and to deliver a ring with a diamont and tow nagges , as a token from
me . (EDWARD-E1-H,363.294)

<P_364>

6 . (EDWARD-E1-H,364.296)

The duke of Northumberland with his band of hundred , of wich were in
blacke velvet with wight and blacke sleves , in cloth ; th'erl of
Penbroke with his band and more , th'erl of Wiltshier with 58 of his
father's band , al the pensioners , men of armes , and the euyrey ,
with divers ladies , as my cousen Marget , the duchesses of Richmond
and Northumberland , brought the quene to Shordech throw Chepeside and
Cornehil , (EDWARD-E1-H,364.297)

and there met her gentlemen of Midelsex hors , (EDWARD-E1-H,364.298)

and so she was conveyed out of the realme , met in every shere with
gentlemen . (EDWARD-E1-H,364.299)

<P_365>

8 . (EDWARD-E1-H,365.301)

th'erl of Arrondel committed to the Tower , with sir $Thomas Straodley
{COM:Stradling} and S. Albon his men , bicaus Crane did more and more
confess of him . (EDWARD-E1-H,365.302)

<P_366>

7 . (EDWARD-E1-H,366.304)

A Frenchman was sent againe into Fraunce to be delivered againe to the
Frenchmen at the borders , bicaus of a murder he did at Diep ,
(EDWARD-E1-H,366.305)

and therupon he fled hither . (EDWARD-E1-H,366.306)

14 . (EDWARD-E1-H,366.307)

Aunswere was given to the Germains , wich did require dalers , if nede
so required , for maintenaunce of religion ; first , that I was very
well inclined to make peace , amity , or bargain with them I knew to be
of mine religion <paren> forbicause this messaunger was sent only to
know my inclination and will to entre , and not with full resolution of
any matters </paren> . (EDWARD-E1-H,366.308)

Secondly , I wold know whither they could gette unto them any such
strenght of other princes as were able to maintein the warre , and to
doe the reciproke to me again , if nede should soe require .
(EDWARD-E1-H,366.309)

And therefore willed thos three princes , duke Maurice of Saxon , the
duke of Mecelbourough , and the marquis Jhon of Brandenbourg , from
wich he was sent , to open the matter to the duke of Prussia , and to
al princes abought them , and somwhat to get the good will of
Hamborough , Lubeke , Breme , <P_367> etc. , shewing them an inkling of
the matter . (EDWARD-E1-H,367.310)

Thirdly , I wold have the matter of religion made more plain , lest
when warre shold be made for other querelles , they should say it were
religion . (EDWARD-E1-H,367.311)

Fourthly , he shuld come with more ample commission from the same
states to talke of the summe of mony and other appurtenances .
(EDWARD-E1-H,367.312)

This aunswere was given lest if I assented $wholly at the first , they
wold declare mine entent to the stedes and hole senats , and so to cume
abrode , wherby I shuld runne into daunger of breaking the leag with
th'emperour . (EDWARD-E1-H,367.313)

16 . (EDWARD-E1-H,367.314)

The lord admiral toke his leave to goe into Fraunce , for christening
of the French kinges soone . (EDWARD-E1-H,367.315)

18 . (EDWARD-E1-H,367.316)

Mr. Fossey , secretarie to the duke Maurice , who was here for matter
above specified {COM:unfinished} (EDWARD-E1-H,367.317)

. (EDWARD-E1-H,367.318)

A proclamacion apointed to goe furth , for that there went one before
this time , that sett prices of beaf , oxen , and muttons , wich was
ment to continew but to November , when as the parliement should have
bene , to abrogate that , and to appointe certein commissionars to caus
the grasiers to bring to the market , and to sell at prices reasonable
. (EDWARD-E1-H,367.319)

And that certein overseers shuld bee besides to certifie of the
justices' doings . (EDWARD-E1-H,367.320)

23 . (EDWARD-E1-H,367.321)

The lord tresaurour apointed high stuard for th'arraingment {COM:sic}
of the duke of Somerset . (EDWARD-E1-H,367.322)

<P_368>

At this time duke Maurice began to shew himself frend to the
Protestantes , who before that had apeired there enemy .
(EDWARD-E1-H,368.324)

27 . (EDWARD-E1-H,368.325)

The foresaid proclamacion proclaimed . (EDWARD-E1-H,368.326)

17 . (EDWARD-E1-H,368.327)

th'erl of Warwicke , mr. Harie Sidney , mr. Hary Nevel , and mr. Harie
Gates did chaleng al commers at tilt the 3. of January , and at turnay
the 6. of January , (EDWARD-E1-H,368.328)

and this chaleng was proclaimed . (EDWARD-E1-H,368.329)

28 . (EDWARD-E1-H,368.330)

Newes came that Maximilian comming out of Spain , 9 of galees with his
stuff , and genettes and his threasor was taken by the French .
(EDWARD-E1-H,368.331)

<P_369>

24 . (EDWARD-E1-H,369.333)

The lord admiral entred Fraunce , (EDWARD-E1-H,369.334)

and came to Bollein . (EDWARD-E1-H,369.335)

26 . (EDWARD-E1-H,369.336)

The capitan of Portesmouth had word and commaundement to bring the
model of the castell and plate , to th'intent it might be fortefied ,
bicaus baron de la Garde hadde seene it , having an ingenir with him ,
and , as it was thought , had the platte of it . (EDWARD-E1-H,369.337)

. (EDWARD-E1-H,369.338)

22 pearis , az nobles , besides the councell , hard sir Thomas <P_370>
Paulmer , mr. Hammond , mr. Crane , and Neudigat sweare that their
confessions was true , (EDWARD-E1-H,370.339)

and thei did say that that was saied without any kind of compulsion ,
force , envy , or displeasure , but as favorably to the duke as they
could sweare to with sauf consciense . (EDWARD-E1-H,370.340)

24 . (EDWARD-E1-H,370.341)

The lord admiraull came to Paris . (EDWARD-E1-H,370.342)

<heading>

DECEMBER , A=O= D'NI 1551=O= , 5=O= A=O= R=I= R=S= E. 6=I= . 5=A=
CHARTA . (EDWARD-E1-H,370.344)

</heading>

1 . (EDWARD-E1-H,370.346)

The duke of Somerset cam to his triall at Westmyster halle .
(EDWARD-E1-H,370.347)

<P_371>

The lord treasaurour sat as high stuard of England , under the cloth of
estate , on a benche betwene tow postes , 3 degrees high :
(EDWARD-E1-H,371.349)

al the lordes , to the nombre of 26 , videlicet : (EDWARD-E1-H,371.350)

<P_460>

<heading>

OCTOBER . (EDWARD-E1-H,460.353)

</heading>

3 . (EDWARD-E1-H,460.355)

Bicause I had a pay of li. to be paid in December , and had as yet but
beyond sea to pay it withal , the merchauntis did give me a loane of
li. , to be paid by them the last of December , and to be repaied again
by me the last of Marche . (EDWARD-E1-H,460.356)

The maner of levieng this loane was of the clothes , after the rate of
s. of a cloth . (EDWARD-E1-H,460.357)

For they caried out at this shipping brod clothes .
(EDWARD-E1-H,460.358)

This graunt was confirmed the 4. day of this month by a company
assembled of merchauntis adventurers . (EDWARD-E1-H,460.359)

2 . (EDWARD-E1-H,460.360)

The bulwarkes of earth and boardes in Essex , wich had a continual
<P_461> allowance of soudiars in them , ware dischargid , bi wich was
saved presently li. , and hereafter li. or more . (EDWARD-E1-H,461.361)

4 . (EDWARD-E1-H,461.362)

The duke d'Alva and the marques of Marignan set forth with a great part
of th'emperour's army , having al the Italians and Spaniardes with them
, towards Treves , wheare the marques Albert had set enseignes of
launce knigtes to defend it , and taried himself with the rest of his
army at Landaw besides Spires . (EDWARD-E1-H,461.363)

6 . (EDWARD-E1-H,461.364)

Bicause sir Andrew Dudley capitain of Guisnes had indetted himself very
moch by his service at Guisnes , also bicause it shuld seem injurious
to the lord Willoughby that for the contention betwen him and sir
Andrew Dudley , he shuld be put out of his office , therfore it was
agreed that the lord Wiliam Howard shuld be deputy of Calles , and the
lord Gray capitain of Guisnes . (EDWARD-E1-H,461.365)

<P_462>

Also it was determined that sir Nicholas Sturley shuld be capitaine of
the new fort at Barwike , that Alexander Bret shuld be porter , and one
Rokesby shuld be mershal . (EDWARD-E1-H,462.367)

7 . (EDWARD-E1-H,462.368)

Upon report of lettres written from mr. Pikering , how that Stucley had
not declared to him , al the while of his being in Fraunce , no one
word touching the communication afore specified and declared , and also
how mr. Pikeringe thought and certainly advertised , that Stucley never
hard the French king speake no soch worde , nor never was in credit
with him , or the constable ; save ons , whan he becam an interpretour
betwen the constable and certein English pioners ; he was committed to
the toure of London . (EDWARD-E1-H,462.369)

Also the French embassadour was advertised how we had committed him to
prison , for that he untruly slaunderid the king our good brother
<paren> as other such runnagates doe dayly the same </paren> .
(EDWARD-E1-H,462.370)

This was told him <P_463> to make him suspect th'English runnagates
that bee there . (EDWARD-E1-H,463.371)

A like lettre was sent again to mr. Pikering . (EDWARD-E1-H,463.372)

8 . (EDWARD-E1-H,463.373)

Le seigneur de Villandry cam in post from the French king with this
message : First , that although mr. Sidney's and mr. Winter's matters
ware justly condemned , yet the French king , bicause thei both ware my
servauntes , and one of them about me , was content gratuito to geve
mr. Sidney his ship and all the goodis in her , and mr. Winter his ship
and al his owne goodes . Wich offre was refused , sayng we required
nothing gratuito , but only justice and expedition .
(EDWARD-E1-H,463.374)

Also Villandry declared that the King his master wished that ane
agreement ware made betwen th'ordannances and customs of England and
Fraunce , in marin affaires ; to wich was answerid , that oure
ordinaunces ware nothing but the civil law , and certein very old
additions of the realme ; that we thought it reason not to be bound to
any other law then their old laws , wich had ben of long time
continewed , and no faut found with theme . (EDWARD-E1-H,463.375)

Also Villandry brought furth tow new proclamations , wich for things to
cum were very profitable for England , for wich he had a lettre of
thankes to the king his master . (EDWARD-E1-H,463.376)

He required also pardon and releasment of emprisonment for ceirtein
Frenchmen taken on the sea cost . (EDWARD-E1-H,463.377)

It was shewid him they ware pirates ; (EDWARD-E1-H,463.378)

now some of them shuld by justice be punished , some by clemency
pardoned ; (EDWARD-E1-H,463.379)

and with this dispach he departed . (EDWARD-E1-H,463.380)

. (EDWARD-E1-H,463.381)

Removing to Westmyster . (EDWARD-E1-H,463.382)

11 . (EDWARD-E1-H,463.383)

Horne deane of Durham declared a secret conspiracy of th'erl of
Westmurland , the yeare of th'apprehension of the duke of Somerset ,
how he wold have taken out treasur at Middelham , and wold have robbed
his mother , and sold li. land , and to please the peple wold have made
a proclamation for the bringing up of the coyne , bicause he saw them
grudge at the fall . (EDWARD-E1-H,463.384)

He was commaunded to kepe this matter close . (EDWARD-E1-H,463.385)

<P_464>

6 . (EDWARD-E1-H,464.387)

Mr. Morison , embassadour with th'$emperour , declared to th'emperour
the matter of the Turkes before specified ; whose aunswere was , he
thanked us for our gentle offre , and wold cause the regent to send a
man for the same purpose to know our further meaning in that behalf .
(EDWARD-E1-H,464.388)

11 . (EDWARD-E1-H,464.389)

Mr. Pikering declared to the French king , being then at Reims ,
Stukleis matter , confession , and the cause of his imprisonment ; who
, after protestation made of his own good meaning in th'amite` , and of
Stukleis ingratitud toward him , leudnes , and il demeanour , thankid
us mich for this so gentil an uttering of the matter , that we wold not
be ledde with fals brutes and tales . (EDWARD-E1-H,464.390)

15 . (EDWARD-E1-H,464.391)

The bishop $Tunstal of Durham was deprived of his bishoprike .
(EDWARD-E1-H,464.392)

<P_465>

In this month Mons. de Rue , Martin Rossen , and an army of Flemminges
<paren> while the French had assembled his men of warre in Lorrain ,
had sent the constable to the army wich lay 4 leages from Verdeun , the
duke de Guise with men to Metz , and the mareschal St. Andrew at
Verdeun </paren> , rased and spoiled betwen the rivier of Some and Oise
many tounes and villages , as Noyon , Roy , Chamy , Nelle , Follambray
a new bilt house of the kinges , etc. , insomuch that the French kinge
sent the admiral of Fraunce to help the duke of Vendosme against that
army . (EDWARD-E1-H,465.394)

Ther was at this time that reigned a great plage in sondry partes of
Fraunce , of wich many men died . (EDWARD-E1-H,465.395)

. (EDWARD-E1-H,465.396)

A man of th'erl of Tyron's was committed to the Toure , bicause he had
made an untru suggestion and complaint against the deputy and the holle
counsel of Irland . (EDWARD-E1-H,465.397)

Also he had bruted certein il brutes in Irland , how the duke of
Northomberland and th'erl of Pembroke were fallen out , and $one
against another in the feld . (EDWARD-E1-H,465.398)

17 . (EDWARD-E1-H,465.399)

The Flemminges , and the Englishmen that toke their partes , assaulted
by night Hamleteu ; (EDWARD-E1-H,465.400)

the Englishmen were on the walles , and some of the Flemminges also ,
(EDWARD-E1-H,465.401)

but by the couardise of a great part of the Flemminges the enterpris
was lost , and many men slain . (EDWARD-E1-H,465.402)

The nomber of the Flemminges was ; the nomber of the men within
Hamleteu . (EDWARD-E1-H,465.403)

The capitain of this entrepris was mons. de Vandeville , capitain of
Gravelin . (EDWARD-E1-H,465.404)

<P_466>

6 . (EDWARD-E1-H,466.406)

Mons. de Boissy entred Treves with a Flemmish army to the nomber of
footmen and horsmen Bourgignons , without any resistauns , bicause
th'enseignes there left by marques Albert ware departed ,
(EDWARD-E1-H,466.407)

and therupon the duke d'Alva and the marques of Marignan marched toward
Mets ; (EDWARD-E1-H,466.408)

th'emperour himself , and the marques Hans of Brandenburg , having with
him the rest of his army , the 9. day of this month , departed from
Landaw towards Mets . (EDWARD-E1-H,466.409)

Monsieur de Boissy his army also joyned with him at a place called
Twaybrug or Deuxpont . (EDWARD-E1-H,466.410)

23 . (EDWARD-E1-H,466.411)

It was agreed that , bicause the state of Irland could not be knowne
without the deputy's presence , that he shuld in this ded time of the
yere leave the gouvernaunce of the realme to the councel there for the
time , and bring with him the hole estat of the realme , whearby such
ordre might be taken as the superfluous charg might be advoyded , and
also the realme kept in quietnes , and the revenu of the land better
and more profitablie gathered . (EDWARD-E1-H,466.412)

25 . (EDWARD-E1-H,466.413)

Wheras one George Paris , Irishman , who had ben a practiser <P_467>
betwen th'erl of Desmond and other Irish lordes and the French king ,
did now , being wery of that mater , practise meanes to cum hom , and
to have his old landes in Irland againe ; his pardon was graunted him ,
and a lettar written to him from my counsel , in wich he was promised
to be considered and holpen . (EDWARD-E1-H,467.414)

Ther fel in this month a great contention among the Skottis .
(EDWARD-E1-H,467.415)

For the Carris slew the lord of Bouclugh in a fray in Edinborough ,
(EDWARD-E1-H,467.416)

and assone as they had done they associated to them the lord Hume and
al his kinne . (EDWARD-E1-H,467.417)

But the gouvernour therupon sommoned an army to goe against them .
(EDWARD-E1-H,467.418)

But at lenght , bicause the dowagier of Scotland favoured the Carris
and Humes , and so did al the French faction , the French king also
haveng sent for Scotish footmen and horsmen , for his ayd in theis
warres , the gouvernour agreed the footmen , under the leading of
th'erl of Cassels , and lighthorsmen , of wich the Carris and Humes
shuld be capitaines , shuld go with such hast into Fraunce that they
might be in such place as the French king wold point them to serve in
by Christmas , or Candlemas at the furdest . (EDWARD-E1-H,467.419)

And thus he trusted to be wel ridde of his most mortal enemies .
(EDWARD-E1-H,467.420)

27 . (EDWARD-E1-H,467.421)

The Scottis , hearing that George Paris practised for pardon ,
committed him to ward in Sterling castel . (EDWARD-E1-H,467.422)

25 . (EDWARD-E1-H,467.423)

Mons. de Rue , having burnt in Fraunce 18 leages in lenght , and three
leages in bredth , having burnt , pilled , sakked , and raised the
faire tounes of Noyon , Roye , Nelle , and Chamy , the kinges new house
of Follanbro , and infinit other villages , bulwarkes , and gentlemen's
houses in Champaine and Picardy , returned into Flanders .
(EDWARD-E1-H,467.424)

<P_468>

23 . (EDWARD-E1-H,468.426)

th'emperour in his person cam to the toune of Mets , with his army ,
wich was rekened footmen , as the brut went , and horsmen .
(EDWARD-E1-H,468.427)

The duke d'Alva , with a good band , went to vieu the toune , upon whom
issued out the soudiars of the toune and slew of his men about , and
kept him play til the maine force of the camp cam doune , wich caused
them to retire with losse . (EDWARD-E1-H,468.428)

On the French party was the duke of Nemours hurt on the thigh .
(EDWARD-E1-H,468.429)

Ther was in the toune as capitain the duke of Guise ,
(EDWARD-E1-H,468.430)

and ther were many other great lords with him , as the prince of
Roussirion , the duke of Nemours , the vicedam of Chartres , Pierro
Strossy , mons. Chastileon , and many other gentlemen .
(EDWARD-E1-H,468.431)