<P_35>

<heading>

26 . (FITZH-E1-H,35.3)

HOWE RYE SHULDE BE SHORNE . (FITZH-E1-H,35.4)

</heading>

In the later ende of July , or in the begynnynge of Auguste , is tyme
to shere Rye , the whiche wolde be shorne cleane , and faste bounden .
(FITZH-E1-H,35.6)

And in somme places they mowe it , the whiche is not soo good to the
housbandes profytte , (FITZH-E1-H,35.7)

but it is the sooner done . (FITZH-E1-H,35.8)

For whan it is mowen , it wyll not be so fast bounden :
(FITZH-E1-H,35.9)

and he can not gather it soo cleane , (FITZH-E1-H,35.10)

but there wyll be moche losse , (FITZH-E1-H,35.11)

and taketh more rowme in the barne than shorne corne dothe .
(FITZH-E1-H,35.12)

And also it wyll not kepe nor saue it selfe from rayne or yll wether ,
whan it standeth in the couer , as the shorne corne wyll do .
(FITZH-E1-H,35.13)

<heading>

27 . (FITZH-E1-H,35.15)

HOWE TO SHERE WHEATE . (FITZH-E1-H,35.16)

</heading>

Wheate wolde be shorne cleane , and harde bounden in lyke maner ;
(FITZH-E1-H,35.18)

but for a generall rule , take good hede , that the sherers of all
maner of whyte corne cast not vppe theyr handes hastely ,
(FITZH-E1-H,35.19)

for thanne all the lose corne , and the strawes , that he holdeth not
fast in his hande , flieth ouer his heed , (FITZH-E1-H,35.20)

and are loste : (FITZH-E1-H,35.21)

and also it wyll pull of the eares , and specyallye of the cornes that
be verye rype . (FITZH-E1-H,35.22)

In somme places they wyll shere theyr cornes hyghe , to the entente to
mowe theyr stubble , eyther to thacke or to bren : (FITZH-E1-H,35.23)

if they so do , they haue greate cause to take good hede of the sherers
. (FITZH-E1-H,35.24)

For if the eares of corne croke downe to the erthe , and the sherer
take not good hede , and put up the eare er he cut the strawe : as many
eares as be vnder his hoke or sicle fall to the erthe ,
(FITZH-E1-H,35.25)

and be loste ; (FITZH-E1-H,35.26)

and whan they mowe the stubble , it is great hyndraunce to the profytte
of the grounde . (FITZH-E1-H,35.27)

And in Sommersetshire , about Zelcestre and Martok , they doo shere
theyr wheate very lowe , (FITZH-E1-H,35.28)

and all the wheate-strawe that they pourpose to make thacke of , they
do not thresshe it , (FITZH-E1-H,35.29)

but cutte of the <P_36> eares , (FITZH-E1-H,36.30)

and bynde it in sheues , (FITZH-E1-H,36.31)

and call it rede : (FITZH-E1-H,36.32)

and therwith they thacke theyr houses . (FITZH-E1-H,36.33)

And if it be a newe house , they thacke it vnder theyr fote : the
whiche is the beste and the surest thacking that can be of strawe ,
(FITZH-E1-H,36.34)

for crowes and douues shall neuer hurte it . (FITZH-E1-H,36.35)

<heading>

28 . (FITZH-E1-H,36.37)

TO MOWE OR SHERE BARLEY AND OTES . (FITZH-E1-H,36.38)

</heading>

Barley and otes be moste commonly mowen , (FITZH-E1-H,36.40)

and a man or woman folowythe the mower with a hande-rake halfe a yarde
longe , with .vii. or .viii. tethe , in the lyfte hande , and a syckle
in the ryghte hande , (FITZH-E1-H,36.41)

and with the rake he gethereth as moche as wyll make a shefe .
(FITZH-E1-H,36.42)

And thanne he taketh the barley or otes by the toppes ,
(FITZH-E1-H,36.43)

and pulleth out as moche as wil make a band , (FITZH-E1-H,36.44)

and casteth the band from him on the land , (FITZH-E1-H,36.45)

and with his rake and his syckle taketh vp the barley or otes ,
(FITZH-E1-H,36.46)

& layeth them vppon the bande , (FITZH-E1-H,36.47)

and so the barley lyeth vnbounden .iii. or .iiii. dayes , if it be
fayre wether , (FITZH-E1-H,36.48)

and than to bynde it . (FITZH-E1-H,36.49)

And whan the barley is ledde away , the landes muste be raked ,
(FITZH-E1-H,36.50)

or els there wyll be moche corne loste , (FITZH-E1-H,36.51)

and if the barley or otes lye , they muste nedes be shorne .
(FITZH-E1-H,36.52)

<heading>

29 . (FITZH-E1-H,36.54)

TO REPE OR MOWE PEES AND BEANES . (FITZH-E1-H,36.55)

</heading>

Pees and benes be moste commonly laste reped or mowen , of diuers
maners , some with sickles , some with hokes , and some with
staffe-hokes . (FITZH-E1-H,36.57)

And in some places they lay them on repes , (FITZH-E1-H,36.58)

and whan they be dry , they laye them to-gether on heapes , lyke
hey-cockes , (FITZH-E1-H,36.59)

and neuer bynde them . (FITZH-E1-H,36.60)

But the beste way is , whan the repes be dry , to bynde them , and to
set theym on the rydge of the landes three sheues to-gether ;
(FITZH-E1-H,36.61)

and loke that your sherers , repers , or mowers geld not your beanes ,
that is to saye , to cutte the beanes so hye , <P_37> that the
nethermoste codde growe styll on the stalke ; (FITZH-E1-H,37.62)

and whan they be bounden , they are the more redyer to lode and vnlode
, to make a reke , and to take fro the mowe to thresshe .
(FITZH-E1-H,37.63)

And soo be not the repes . (FITZH-E1-H,37.64)

<heading>

. (FITZH-E1-H,37.66)

HOWE ALL MANER OF CORNES SHULDE BE TYTHED . (FITZH-E1-H,37.67)

</heading>

Nowe that all these cornes before specyfyed be shorne , mowed , reped ,
bounden vp , and layde vppon the rydge of the lande , lette the
housbande take hede of goddes commaundemente , (FITZH-E1-H,37.69)

and let hym goo to the ende of his lande , and begynne and tell .ix.
sheues , (FITZH-E1-H,37.70)

and let hym caste out the .x. shefe in the name of god , and so to
pervse from lande to lande , tyll he haue trewely tythed all his corne
. (FITZH-E1-H,37.71)

And beware , (FITZH-E1-H,37.72)

and take hede of the sayinge of our lorde by his prophete Malachias ,
the whiche saythe , Quia michi non dedisti decimas et primitias , id
circo in fame et penuria maledicti estis . (FITZH-E1-H,37.73)

That is to saye , Bycause ye haue not gyuen to me your tythes , and
your fyrste-fruytes , therefore ye be cursed , and punysshed with
honger and penury . (FITZH-E1-H,37.74)

And accordynge to that saynte Austyn saythe : Da decimas , alioqui
incides in decimam partem angelorum qui de celo corruerunt in infernum
. (FITZH-E1-H,37.75)

That is to say , Gyue thy tythes truely , (FITZH-E1-H,37.76)

or els thou shalt fall amonge the tenthe parte of aungelles that felle
from heuen in-to hell , the whiche is an harde worde to euery man ,
that oughte to gyue tythes , and doth not gyue them truely .
(FITZH-E1-H,37.77)

But saynte Austyne saythe a comfortable worde again , to them that gyue
theyr tythes truely , (FITZH-E1-H,37.78)

that is to saye : Decimae sunt tributa egentium animarum :
(FITZH-E1-H,37.79)

Tythes are tributes or rewardes to nedye soules . (FITZH-E1-H,37.80)

And ferther he saythe : Si decimam dederis , non solum abundantiam
fructum recipies , sed etiam sanitatem corporis et animae consequeris ,
(FITZH-E1-H,37.81)

That is to saye , If thou haue gyuen thy tythes truely , thou shalte
not onely receyue the profite , and the abundaunce <P_38> of goodes ,
(FITZH-E1-H,38.82)

but also helthe of bodye and soule shall folowe . (FITZH-E1-H,38.83)

Wolde to god , that euerye man knewe the harde worde of our lorde by
his prophete Malachias , and also the comfortable wordes of the holy
saynte Austyn . (FITZH-E1-H,38.84)

For than wolde I truste verely , that tythes shulde be truely gyuen .
(FITZH-E1-H,38.85)

<heading>

31 . (FITZH-E1-H,38.87)

HOWE ALL MANER OF CORNE SHULDE BE COUERED . (FITZH-E1-H,38.88)

</heading>

Nowe these cornes be shorne and bounden , and the tithes cast out , it
is tyme to couer theym , shoke theym , or halfe-throne them ,
(FITZH-E1-H,38.90)

but couerynge is the beste waye of all maner of whyte corne .
(FITZH-E1-H,38.91)

And that is , to set foure sheues on one syde , and .iiii. sheues on
the other syde , and two sheues aboue , of the greatteste , bounden
harde nyghe to the nether ende , the whiche must be set vpwarde , and
the top downewarde spredde abrode to couer all the other sheues .
(FITZH-E1-H,38.92)

And they wyll stand beste in wynde , and saue theym-selfe beste in
rayne , (FITZH-E1-H,38.93)

and they wolde be set on the rydge of the lande , (FITZH-E1-H,38.94)

and the sayde sheues to leane to-gether in the toppes , and wyde at the
grounde , that the winde may go through , to drye them .
(FITZH-E1-H,38.95)

Pees and beanes wolde be set on the rydge of the lande , thre sheues
together , the toppes vpwarde , and wrythen together , and wyde benethe
, that they maye the better wyddre . (FITZH-E1-H,38.96)

<heading>

32 . (FITZH-E1-H,38.98)

TO LODE CORNE , AND MOWE IT . (FITZH-E1-H,38.99)

</heading>

Whanne all these cornes be drye and wyddred ynoughe , than lode theym
in-to the barne , (FITZH-E1-H,38.101)

and laye euerye corne by it-selfe . (FITZH-E1-H,38.102)

And if be a wete haruest , make many mowes : (FITZH-E1-H,38.103)

and if thou haue not housynge ynoughe , thanne it is better to laye thy
pees and benes without vppon a reke , than {COM:it_is_to_lay_outside}
other corne , (FITZH-E1-H,38.104)

and it is better vppon a scaffolde than vppon the grounde :
(FITZH-E1-H,38.105)

for than it muste be well hedged <P_39> for swyne and catel ,
(FITZH-E1-H,39.106)

and the grounde wyll rotte the bottom , (FITZH-E1-H,39.107)

and the scaffolde saueth both hedgynge and rottynge :
(FITZH-E1-H,39.108)

but they must be well couered bothe . (FITZH-E1-H,39.109)

And the husband may set shepe or catel vnder the same scaffold
(FITZH-E1-H,39.110)

and wyll serue hym in stede of an house , if it be well and surely made
, &c. (FITZH-E1-H,39.111)

<heading>

33 . (FITZH-E1-H,39.113)

THE SECOND STURRYNGE . (FITZH-E1-H,39.114)

</heading>

In August , and in the begynnyng of September , is tyme to make his
seconde sturrynge , (FITZH-E1-H,39.116)

and most commonly it is cast downe and plowed a meane forowe , not to
depe nor to ebbe , so he turne it clene . (FITZH-E1-H,39.117)

And if it be caste , it wolde be water-forowed bytwene the landes ,
there-as the reane shulde be , (FITZH-E1-H,39.118)

and it wyll be the dryer , whan the lande shall be sowen .
(FITZH-E1-H,39.119)

And if the landes lie high in the ridge , & highe at the reane , & lowe
in the myddes of the side , that the water may not ronne easely in-to
the reane , as I se dayly in many places : than let the husband set his
plough .iii. or .iiii. fote from the rydge , and cast all the rydge on
bothe sydes , and whan the rydge is cast , set his plough there-as he
began , and rydge vp the remenant of the lande , (FITZH-E1-H,39.120)

and so is the land bothe cast and rydged , and all at one plowynge .
(FITZH-E1-H,39.121)

And this shall cause the lande to lye rounde , whan it is sowen at the
nexte tyme , (FITZH-E1-H,39.122)

and than shall it not drowne the corne . (FITZH-E1-H,39.123)

<heading>

34 . (FITZH-E1-H,39.125)

TO SOWE WHEAT AND RYE . (FITZH-E1-H,39.126)

</heading>

Aboute Myghelmasse it is tyme to sowe bothe wheate and rye .
(FITZH-E1-H,39.128)

Wheate is mooste commonlye sowen vnder the forowe , (FITZH-E1-H,39.129)

that is to saye , caste it vppon the falowe , (FITZH-E1-H,39.130)

and than plowe it vnder . (FITZH-E1-H,39.131)

And in some places they sowe theyr wheate vppon theyr pees-stubble ,
the whiche is neuer soo good , as that that is sowen vppon the falowe :
(FITZH-E1-H,39.132)

and that is vsed , where they make falowe in a fyelde euery <P_40>
fourthe yere . (FITZH-E1-H,40.133)

And in Essex they vse to haue a chylde , to go in the forowe before the
horses or oxen , with a bagge or a hopper fall of corne :
(FITZH-E1-H,40.134)

and he taketh his hande full of corne , (FITZH-E1-H,40.135)

and by lyttel and lytel casteth it in the sayde forowe .
(FITZH-E1-H,40.136)

Me semeth , that chylde oughte to haue moche dyscretion .
(FITZH-E1-H,40.137)

Howe-be-it there is moche good corne , (FITZH-E1-H,40.138)

and rye is mooste commonlye sowen aboue and harrowed ,
(FITZH-E1-H,40.139)

and two London busshelles of wheate and rye wyll sowe an acre .
(FITZH-E1-H,40.140)

Some grounde is good for wheate , some for rye , and some is good for
bothe : (FITZH-E1-H,40.141)

and vppon that ground sowe blend-corne , that is both wheate and rye ,
the whyche is the surest corne of growyng , and good for the husbandes
houshold . (FITZH-E1-H,40.142)

And the wheate , that shall be medled with rye , muste be suche as wyll
soone be rype , (FITZH-E1-H,40.143)

and that is flaxen wheate , polerd wheate , or whyte wheate .
(FITZH-E1-H,40.144)

And ye shall vnderstande , that there be dyuers maners of wheates .
(FITZH-E1-H,40.145)

Flaxen wheate hath a yelowe eare , and bare without anis ,
(FITZH-E1-H,40.146)

and is the bryghtest wheate in the busshell , (FITZH-E1-H,40.147)

and wyll make the whytest breed , (FITZH-E1-H,40.148)

and it wyll weare the grounde sore , (FITZH-E1-H,40.149)

and is small strawe , (FITZH-E1-H,40.150)

and wyll growe very thycke , (FITZH-E1-H,40.151)

and is but small corne . (FITZH-E1-H,40.152)

Polerde wheate hath noo anis , (FITZH-E1-H,40.153)

thycke sette in the eare , (FITZH-E1-H,40.154)

and wyll soone fall out , (FITZH-E1-H,40.155)

and is greatter corne , (FITZH-E1-H,40.156)

and wyll make whyte breed . (FITZH-E1-H,40.157)

Whyte wheate is lyke polerde wheate in the busshell ,
(FITZH-E1-H,40.158)

but it hath anis , (FITZH-E1-H,40.159)

and the eare is foure-square , (FITZH-E1-H,40.160)

and wyll make white breed : (FITZH-E1-H,40.161)

and in Essex they call flaxen wheate whyte wheate . (FITZH-E1-H,40.162)

Red wheate hath a flat eare , an inche brode , full of anis ,
(FITZH-E1-H,40.163)

and is the greatteste corne , and the brodeste blades , and the
greatteste strawe , (FITZH-E1-H,40.164)

and wyl make whyte breed , (FITZH-E1-H,40.165)

and is the rudeste of colour in the busshell . (FITZH-E1-H,40.166)

Englysshe wheate hath a dunne eare , fewe anis or none ,
(FITZH-E1-H,40.167)

and is the worste wheate , saue peeke-wheate . (FITZH-E1-H,40.168)

Peekewheete hath a red eare , ful of anis , thyn set ,
(FITZH-E1-H,40.169)

and ofte tymes it is flyntered , (FITZH-E1-H,40.170)

that is to saye , small corne wrynkeled <P_41> and dryed ,
(FITZH-E1-H,41.171)

and wyll not make whyte breade , (FITZH-E1-H,41.172)

but it wyl growe vpon colde grounde . (FITZH-E1-H,41.173)

<heading>

35 . (FITZH-E1-H,41.175)

TO THRESSHE AND WYNOWE CORNE . (FITZH-E1-H,41.176)

</heading>

This wheate and rye , that thou shalte sowe , ought to be very cleane
of wede , (FITZH-E1-H,41.178)

and therfore , er thou thresshe thy corne , open thy sheues ,
(FITZH-E1-H,41.179)

and pyke oute all maner of wedes , (FITZH-E1-H,41.180)

and than thresshe it , (FITZH-E1-H,41.181)

and wynowe it cleane , (FITZH-E1-H,41.182)

and so shalt thou haue good clene corne an other yere .
(FITZH-E1-H,41.183)

And in some countreys , aboute London specyallye , and in Essex and
Kente , they do fan theyr corne , the whiche is a verye good gise , and
a great saueguarde for shedynge of the corne . (FITZH-E1-H,41.184)

And whan thou shalte sell it , if it be well wynowed or fande , it wyll
be solde the derer , (FITZH-E1-H,41.185)

and the lyghte corne wyll serue the husbande in his house .
(FITZH-E1-H,41.186)

<heading>

36 . (FITZH-E1-H,41.188)

TO SEUER PEES , BEANES , AND FYTCHES . (FITZH-E1-H,41.189)

</heading>

Whan thou haste thresshed thy pees , and beanes , after they be wynowed
, and er thou shalte sowe or selle them , let theym be well reed with
syues , and seuered in thre partes , the great from the small ,
(FITZH-E1-H,41.191)

and thou shalte gette in euerye quarter a London busshell , or there
about . (FITZH-E1-H,41.192)

For the small corne lyeth in the holowe and voyde places of the greate
beanes , (FITZH-E1-H,41.193)

and yet shall the greate beanes be solde as dere , as
{COM:they_would_be_sold} if they were all together , or derer , as a
man may proue by a famylier ensample . (FITZH-E1-H,41.194)

Let a man bye .C. hearynges , two hearynges for a penye , and an other
.C. hearynges , thre for a peny , (FITZH-E1-H,41.195)

and let hym sell these .CC. hearinges agayne .v. heringes for .ii. d. ;
(FITZH-E1-H,41.196)

nowe hath he loste .iiii. d . (FITZH-E1-H,41.197)

For C. hearinges , .ii. for i .d. , cost v .s. , (FITZH-E1-H,41.198)

and C. hearynges , .iii. for a peny , coste .iii s. and .iiii d. , the
whiche is .viii. s and .iiii. d. ; (FITZH-E1-H,41.199)

and whan he selleth .v. herynges for .ii. d. , xx. heringes cometh but
<P_42> to .viii. d. (FITZH-E1-H,42.200)

and there is but .xii. score heringes , (FITZH-E1-H,42.201)

and that is but .xii. grotes , and xii. grotes , (FITZH-E1-H,42.202)

and that cometh but to .viii. s. (FITZH-E1-H,42.203)

and so he hath lost .iiii. d. (FITZH-E1-H,42.204)

and it is bicause there be not so many bargeins , (FITZH-E1-H,42.205)

for in the bienge of these .CC. heringes there be .v. score bargeins ,
(FITZH-E1-H,42.206)

and in the sellinge of the same there be but .xlviii. bargeyns ,
(FITZH-E1-H,42.207)

and so is there lost .x. hearinges , the whiche wolde haue ben .ii.
bargeyns moo , (FITZH-E1-H,42.208)

and than it had ben euen and mete . (FITZH-E1-H,42.209)

And therfore he that byeth grosse sale , and retayleth , muste nedes be
a wynner . (FITZH-E1-H,42.210)

And so shalt thou be a loser , if thou sell thy pees , beanes , and
fytches together : (FITZH-E1-H,42.211)

for than thou sellest grosse sale . (FITZH-E1-H,42.212)

And if thou seuer them in thre partes , than thou doest retayle ,
wherby thou shalte wynne . (FITZH-E1-H,42.213)

<heading>

37 . (FITZH-E1-H,42.215)

OF SHEPE , AND WHAT TYME OF THE YERE THE RAMMES SHULDE BE PUT TO THE
EWES . (FITZH-E1-H,42.216)

</heading>

An housbande can not well thryue by his corne , without he haue other
cattell , nor by his cattell , without corne . (FITZH-E1-H,42.218)

For els he shall be a byer , a borower , or a begger .
(FITZH-E1-H,42.219)

And bycause that shepe in myne opynyon is the mooste profytablest
cattell that any man can haue , therfore I pourpose to speake fyrst of
shepe . (FITZH-E1-H,42.220)

Than fyrst is to be knowen , what tyme thou shalt put thy rammes to thy
ewes ; (FITZH-E1-H,42.221)

and therin I make a distinction , (FITZH-E1-H,42.222)

for euery man maye not put to theyr rammes all at one tyme ;
(FITZH-E1-H,42.223)

for if they doo , there wyll be greate hurte and losse ;
(FITZH-E1-H,42.224)

for that man , that hath the best shepe-pasture for wynter , and soone
spryngynge in the begynnynge of the yere , he maye suffre his rammes to
goo with his ewes all tymes of the yere , to blyssomme or ryde whan
they wyll : (FITZH-E1-H,42.225)

but for the comon pasture , it is tyme to put to his rammes at the
Exaltation of the holye crosse : (FITZH-E1-H,42.226)

for than the bucke goth to the rut , (FITZH-E1-H,42.227)

and so wolde the ramme . (FITZH-E1-H,42.228)

But for the common husbande , that hath noo pasture but the common
fieldes , it is tyme ynoughe at the feste of <P_43> saynt Mychaell the
archangel . (FITZH-E1-H,43.229)

And for the poore housbande of the Peeke , or suche other , that dwell
in hylly and hyghe groundes , that haue no pastures , nor common
fieldes , but all-onely the comon hethe , Symon and Jude daye is good
tyme for theym , (FITZH-E1-H,43.230)

and this is the reason why . (FITZH-E1-H,43.231)

An ewe goth with lambe .xx. wekes , (FITZH-E1-H,43.232)

and shall yeane her lambe in the .xxi. weke ; (FITZH-E1-H,43.233)

& if she haue not conueniente newe grasse to eate , she maye not gyue
her lambe mylke : (FITZH-E1-H,43.234)

and for wante of mylke , there be manye lambes perysshed and loste :
(FITZH-E1-H,43.235)

and also for pouertye , the dammes wyll lacke mylke , and forsake theyr
lambes , (FITZH-E1-H,43.236)

and soo often tymes they dye bothe in suche harde countreys .
(FITZH-E1-H,43.237)

<heading>

38 . (FITZH-E1-H,43.239)

TO MAKE AN EWE TO LOUE HER LAMBE . (FITZH-E1-H,43.240)

</heading>

If thy ewe haue mylke , and wyll not loue her lambe , put her in a
narowe place made of bordes , or of smothe trouse , a yarde wyde ,
(FITZH-E1-H,43.242)

and put the lambe to her , (FITZH-E1-H,43.243)

and socle it , (FITZH-E1-H,43.244)

and yf the ewe smyte the lambe with her heed , bynd her heed with a
heye-rope , or a corde , to the syde of the penne : (FITZH-E1-H,43.245)

and if she wyl not stande syde longe all the lambe , than gyue her a
lyttell hey , (FITZH-E1-H,43.246)

and tye a dogge by her , that she maye se hym : (FITZH-E1-H,43.247)

and this wyll make her to loue her lambe shortely . (FITZH-E1-H,43.248)

And if thou haue a lambe deed , wherof the damme hath moche mylke ,
fley that lambe , (FITZH-E1-H,43.249)

and tye that skynne vpon an other lambes backe , that hath a sory damme
, with lyttell mylke , (FITZH-E1-H,43.250)

and put the good ewe and that lambe together in the penne ,
(FITZH-E1-H,43.251)

and in one houre she wyll loue that lambe ; (FITZH-E1-H,43.252)

& than mayst thou take thy sory weyke ewe awaye , and put her in an
other place : (FITZH-E1-H,43.253)

and by this meanes thou mayste fortune to saue her lyfe , and the
lambes bothe . (FITZH-E1-H,43.254)

<P_44>

<heading>

39 . (FITZH-E1-H,44.257)

WHAT TYME LAMBES SHULDE BE WAYNED . (FITZH-E1-H,44.258)

</heading>

In some places they neuer seuer their lambes from theyr dammes ,
(FITZH-E1-H,44.260)

and that is for two causes : (FITZH-E1-H,44.261)

One is , in the beste pasture where the rammes goo alwaye with theyr
ewes , there it nedeth not , (FITZH-E1-H,44.262)

for the dammes wil waxe drye , and wayne theyr lambes theym-selfe .
(FITZH-E1-H,44.263)

An other cause is , he that hath noo seuerall and sounde pasture , to
put his lambes vnto whan they shoulde be wayned , he muste eyther sell
them , or let them sucke as longe as the dammes wyll suffre theym ;
(FITZH-E1-H,44.264)

and it is a common sayinge , that the lambe shall not rotte , as longe
as it souketh , excepte the damme wante meate . (FITZH-E1-H,44.265)

But he that hath seueral and sounde pasture , it is tyme to wayne theyr
lambes , whanne they be .xvi. wekes old , or .xviii. at the farthest ,
(FITZH-E1-H,44.266)

and the better shall the ewe take the ramme agayne .
(FITZH-E1-H,44.267)

And the poore man of the peeke countreye , and suche other places ,
where as they vse to mylke theyr ewes , they vse to wayne theyr lambes
at xii. wekes olde , and to mylke theyr ewes fiue or syxe wekes , &c.
(FITZH-E1-H,44.268)

But those lambes be neuer soo good as the other that sucke longe , and
haue meate ynoughe . (FITZH-E1-H,44.269)

<P_95>

<heading>

146 . (FITZH-E1-H,95.272)

WHAT WARKES A WYFE SHULDE DO IN GENERALL . (FITZH-E1-H,95.273)

</heading>

First in a mornyng whan thou arte waked , and purposeste to ryse ,
lyfte vp thy hande , (FITZH-E1-H,95.275)

and blesse the , (FITZH-E1-H,95.276)

and make a sygne of the holy crosse , In nomine patris , et filii , et
spiritus sancti . Amen . (FITZH-E1-H,95.277)

In the name of the father , the sonne , and the holy gooste .
(FITZH-E1-H,95.278)

And if thou saye a Pater noster , an Aue , and a Crede , and remember
thy maker , thou shalte spede moche the better . (FITZH-E1-H,95.279)

And whan thou arte vp and redy , than first swepe thy house ,
(FITZH-E1-H,95.280)

dresse vp thy dyssheborde , (FITZH-E1-H,95.281)

and sette all thynges in good order within thy house :
(FITZH-E1-H,95.282)

milke thy kye , (FITZH-E1-H,95.283)

socle thy calues , (FITZH-E1-H,95.284)

sye vp thy mylke , (FITZH-E1-H,95.285)

take vppe thy chyldren (FITZH-E1-H,95.286)

and araye theym , (FITZH-E1-H,95.287)

and prouyde for thy husbandes brekefaste , dynner , souper , and for
thy chyldren and seruauntes , (FITZH-E1-H,95.288)

and take thy parte with theym . (FITZH-E1-H,95.289)

And to ordeyne corne and malte to the myll , to bake and brue withall
whanne nede is . And meete it to the myll , and fro the myll ,
(FITZH-E1-H,95.290)

and se that thou haue thy measure agayne besyde the tolle ,
(FITZH-E1-H,95.291)

or elles the myller dealeth not truely with the , (FITZH-E1-H,95.292)

or els thy corne is not drye as it shoulde be . (FITZH-E1-H,95.293)

Thou must make butter , and chese whan thou maist , serue thy swyne
bothe mornyng and euenynge , and gyue thy poleyn meate in the mornynge
; (FITZH-E1-H,95.294)

<P_96> and whan tyme of the yere cometh , thou must take hede howe thy
hennes , duckes , and geese do ley , and to gather vp theyr egges , and
whan they waxe brodye , to sette them there as noo beastes , swyne ,
nor other vermyn hurte them . (FITZH-E1-H,96.295)

And thou muste knowe , that all hole-footed fowles wyll sytte a moneth
, (FITZH-E1-H,96.296)

and all clouen-footed fowles wyll sytte but three wekes , excepte a
peyhenne , and greatte fowles , as cranes , bustardes , and suche other
. (FITZH-E1-H,96.297)

And whan they haue broughte forthe theyr byrdes , to see that they be
well kepte from the gleyd , crowes , fullymartes , and other vermynne .
(FITZH-E1-H,96.298)

And in the begynnynge of Marche , or a lyttell afore , is tyme for a
wyfe to make her garden , and to gette as many good sedes and herbes as
she canne , and specially suche as be good for the potte , and to eate
: (FITZH-E1-H,96.299)

and as ofte as nede shall requyre , it muste be weded ,
(FITZH-E1-H,96.300)

for els the wedes wyl ouergrowe the herbes . (FITZH-E1-H,96.301)

And also in Marche is tyme to sowe flaxe and hempe ,
(FITZH-E1-H,96.302)

for I haue harde olde houswyues saye , that better is Marche hurdes
than Apryll flaxe , (FITZH-E1-H,96.303)

the reason appereth : (FITZH-E1-H,96.304)

but howe it shulde be sowen , weded , pulled , repeyled , watred ,
wasshen , dryed , beaten , braked , tawed , hecheled , spon , wounden ,
wrapped , and wouen , it nedeth not for me to shewe ,
(FITZH-E1-H,96.305)

for they be wise ynough ; (FITZH-E1-H,96.306)

and therof may they make shetes , bordclothes , towels , shertes ,
smockes , and suche other necessaryes , (FITZH-E1-H,96.307)

and therfore let thy dystaffe be alwaye redye for a pastyme , that thou
be not ydle . (FITZH-E1-H,96.308)

And vndouted a woman $can $not {TEXT:can-not} gette her lyuynge
honestely with spynnynge on the distaffe , (FITZH-E1-H,96.309)

but it stoppeth a gap , (FITZH-E1-H,96.310)

and muste nedes be had . (FITZH-E1-H,96.311)

The bolles of flaxe , whan they be ripeled of , must be rideled from
the wedes , and made drye with the son , to get out the sedes .
(FITZH-E1-H,96.312)

Howe be it one maner of linsede , called loken sede , wyll not open by
the son : (FITZH-E1-H,96.313)

and therfore , whan they be drye , they muste be sore brused and broken
, the wiues knowe howe , and than winowed and kepte drye , tyll
yere-tyme come <P_97> agayn . (FITZH-E1-H,97.314)

Thy female hempe must be pulled from the churle hempe ,
(FITZH-E1-H,97.315)

for that beareth no sede , (FITZH-E1-H,97.316)

and thou must do by it , as thou dydest by the flax .
(FITZH-E1-H,97.317)

The churle hempe beareth sede , (FITZH-E1-H,97.318)

and beware that byrdes eate it not , as it groweth :
(FITZH-E1-H,97.319)

the hemp therof is not soo good as the female hempe ,
(FITZH-E1-H,97.320)

but yet it wyll do good seruyce . (FITZH-E1-H,97.321)

May fortune somtime , that thou shalt haue so many thinges to do , that
thou shalt not well knowe where is best to begyn . (FITZH-E1-H,97.322)

Than take hede , which thing shulde be the greattest losse , if it were
not done , and in what space it wold be done : (FITZH-E1-H,97.323)

than thinke what is the greatest losse , (FITZH-E1-H,97.324)

& there begyn . (FITZH-E1-H,97.325)

But in case that thynge , that is of greateste losse , wyll be longe in
doynge , and thou myghteste do thre or foure other thynges in the meane
whyle , thanne loke well , if all these thynges were sette together ,
whiche of them were the greattest losse ; (FITZH-E1-H,97.326)

and if all these thynges be of greater losse , and may be all done in
as shorte space , as the other , than doo thy many thynges fyrste .
(FITZH-E1-H,97.327)

It is conuenyente for a housbande to haue shepe of his owne , for many
causes , (FITZH-E1-H,97.328)

and than maye his wife haue part of the woll , to make her husbande and
her-selfe some clothes . (FITZH-E1-H,97.329)

And at the leaste waye , she may haue the lockes of the shepe ,
eyther-1 to make clothes or blankettes & couerlettes , or bothe .
(FITZH-E1-H,97.330)

And if she haue no woll of her owne , she maye take wol to spynne of
clothe-makers , (FITZH-E1-H,97.331)

and by that meanes she maye haue a conuenyent lyuynge , and many tymes
to do other warkes . (FITZH-E1-H,97.332)

It is wyues occupation , to wynowe all maner of cornes , to make malte
, to wasshe and wrynge , to make heye , shere corne , and in tyme of
nede to helpe her husbande to fyll the mucke-wayne or dounge-carte ,
dryue the ploughe , to loode hey , corne , and suche other . And to go
or ride to the market , to sel butter , chese , mylke , egges , chekyns
, capons , hennes , pygges , gese , and all maner of cornes . And also
to bye all maner of necessarye thynges belongynge to houssholde , and
to <P_98> make a trewe rekenynge and a-compte to her housbande , what
she hath payed . (FITZH-E1-H,98.333)

And yf the housbande go to the market , to bye or sell , as they ofte
do , he than to shewe his wife in lyke maner . (FITZH-E1-H,98.334)

For if one of them shoulde vse to deceyue the other , he deceyueth
hym-selfe , (FITZH-E1-H,98.335)

and he is not lyke to thryue . (FITZH-E1-H,98.336)

And therfore they muste be trewe eyther to other . (FITZH-E1-H,98.337)

I coulde peraduenture shewe the housbandes dyuerse poyntes that the
wyues deceyue them in : and in lyke maner , howe husbandes deceyue
theyr wyues : (FITZH-E1-H,98.338)

but if I shulde do so , I shulde shewe mo subtyll poyntes of deceypt ,
than eyther of them knewe of before . (FITZH-E1-H,98.339)

And therfore me semeth beste to holde my peace , least I shoulde do as
the knyght of the toure dyd , the whiche had many fayre doughters , and
of fatherly loue that he oughte to them , he made a boke , to a good
entente , that they myghte eschewe and flee from vyces , and folowe
vermes . In the whiche boke he shewed , that if they were wowed , moued
, or styred by any man , after suche a maner as he there shewed , that
they shulde withstande it . In the whiche boke he shewed so many wayes
, howe a man shoulde atteyne to his purpose , to brynge a woman to vice
, the whiche wayes were so naturall , and the wayes to come to theyr
purpose were soo subtylly contryued , and craftely shewed , that harde
it wold be for any woman to resyste or deny theyr desyre .
(FITZH-E1-H,98.340)

And by the sayd boke hath made bothe the men and the women to knowe
more vyces , subtyltye , and crafte , than euer they shulde haue knowen
, if the boke had not ben made : in the whiche boke he named hym-selfe
the knight of the towre . (FITZH-E1-H,98.341)

And thus I leue the wyues , to vse theyr occupations at theyr owne
discreation . (FITZH-E1-H,98.342)

<heading>

147 . (FITZH-E1-H,98.344)

TO KEPE MEASURE IN SPENDYNGE . (FITZH-E1-H,98.345)

</heading>

Nowe thou husbande and huswyfe , that haue done <P_99> your diligence
and cure , accordynge to the fyrste artycle of the philosopher , that
is to saye : Adhibe curam . And also haue well remembred the sayeng of
wyse Salomon : Quod ociosus non gaudebit cum electis in caelo : sed
lugebit in aeternum cum reprobis in inferno : Thanne ye must remembre ,
obserue , and kepe in mind , the seconde article of the sayinge of the
philosopher , that is to saye , Tene mensuram : (FITZH-E1-H,99.347)

That is to saye in englysshe , holde and kepe measure .
(FITZH-E1-H,99.348)

And accordynge to that sayenge , I lerned two verses at grammer-schole
, (FITZH-E1-H,99.349)

and they be these , Qui plus expendit , quam rerum copia rendit : Non
admiretur , si paupertate grauetur : (FITZH-E1-H,99.350)

he that dothe more expende , thanne his goodes wyll extende , meruayle
it shall not be , thoughe he be greued with pouertee .
(FITZH-E1-H,99.351)

And also accordynge to that sayenge speketh sayncte Paul
(FITZH-E1-H,99.352)

and saythe , Iuxta facultates faciendi sunt sumptus , ne longi temporis
victum , breuis hora consumat : (FITZH-E1-H,99.353)

That is to saye , $After thy faculty or thy honoure , make thyne
expences , leste thou spende in shorte space that thynge , that thou
shouldest lyue by longe . (FITZH-E1-H,99.354)

This texte toucheth euery manne , from the hyest degree to the loweste
; wherfore it is necessary to euerye manne and womanne to remembre and
take good hede there-vnto , for to obserue , kepe , and folowe the same
; (FITZH-E1-H,99.355)

but bycause this texte of sayncte Paule is in latyn , and husbandes
commonely can but lyttell laten , I fere leaste they $can $not
{TEXT:can-not} vnderstande it . And thoughe it were declared ones or
twyse to theym , that they wolde forgette it : Wherfore I shall shewe
to theym a texte in englysshe , (FITZH-E1-H,99.356)

and that they maye well vnderstande , (FITZH-E1-H,99.357)

and that is this , Eate within thy tedure . (FITZH-E1-H,99.358)

<heading>

148 . (FITZH-E1-H,99.360)

TO EATE WITHIN THE TEDURE . (FITZH-E1-H,99.361)

</heading>

Thou husbande and huswife , that intend to folowe the sayinge of the
philosopher , that is to saye , kepe <P_100> measure , you muste spare
at the brynke , and not at the bottom , (FITZH-E1-H,100.363)

that is to vnderstande , in the begynnynge of the yere , sellynge of
thy cornes , or spendynge in thy house , vnto the tyme that thou haue
sowen agayne thy wynter-corne , and thy lente-corne ,
(FITZH-E1-H,100.364)

and than se what remayneth to serue thy house , (FITZH-E1-H,100.365)

and of the ouerplus thou mayste sell and bye suche other necessaryes ,
as thou must nedes occupie . (FITZH-E1-H,100.366)

And if thou spende it in the begynnynge of the yere , and shall want in
the hynder ende , than thou doste not eate within thy tedure ,
(FITZH-E1-H,100.367)

and at the laste thou shalte be punyshed , as I shal proue the by
ensample . (FITZH-E1-H,100.368)

Take thy horse , (FITZH-E1-H,100.369)

and go (FITZH-E1-H,100.370)

tedure him vpon thyne owne lees , (FITZH-E1-H,100.371)

flytte hym as ofte as thou wylte , (FITZH-E1-H,100.372)

no manne wyll saye ' wronge thou doste ' ; (FITZH-E1-H,100.373)

but make thy horse to longe a tedure , (FITZH-E1-H,100.374)

than whan thou haste tyed hym vppon thyne owne lees , his tedure is so
longe , that it recheth to the middes of an-other mans lees or corne :
(FITZH-E1-H,100.375)

Nowe haste thou gyuen hym to moche lybertye , (FITZH-E1-H,100.376)

and that man , whose corne or grasse thy horse hath eaten , wyll be
greued at the , (FITZH-E1-H,100.377)

and wyll cause the to be amerced in the court , or elles to make hym
amendes , or bothe . (FITZH-E1-H,100.378)

And if thy horse breake his tedure , and go at large in euery mans
corne and grasse , than commeth the pynder , (FITZH-E1-H,100.379)

and taketh hym , (FITZH-E1-H,100.380)

and putteth hym in the pynfolde , (FITZH-E1-H,100.381)

and there shall he stande in prison , without any meate , vnto the tyme
thou hast payde his raunsome to the pynder , and also make amendes to
thy neyghbours , for distroyenge of theyr corne . (FITZH-E1-H,100.382)

Ryght so , as long as thou eatest within thy tedure , that thou nedest
not to begge nor borowe of noo man , soo longe shalte thou encrease and
growe in rychesse , (FITZH-E1-H,100.383)

and euery man wyll be content with the . (FITZH-E1-H,100.384)

And if thou make thy tedure to longe , that thyne owne porcyon wyll not
serue the , but that thou shalte begge , borowe , or bye of other :
that wyll not longe endure , (FITZH-E1-H,100.385)

but thou shalte fall in-to pouertye . (FITZH-E1-H,100.386)

And if thou breake <P_101> thy tedure , and ren ryot at large , and
knowe not other mennes goodes frome thyne owne , than shall the pynder
, that is to saye , the sheryffe and the bayly , areste the , and putte
the in the pynfolde , that is to say , in prison , there to abyde tyll
the truth be knowen : (FITZH-E1-H,101.387)

and it is meruayle , if thou scape with thy lyfe , (FITZH-E1-H,101.388)

an therfore eate within thy tedure . (FITZH-E1-H,101.389)

<heading>

149 . (FITZH-E1-H,101.391)

A SHORTE LESSON FOR THE HUSBANDE . (FITZH-E1-H,101.392)

</heading>

One thinge I wyl aduise the to remembre , and specially in wynter-tyme
, whan thou sytteste by the fyre , and hast supped , to consyder in thy
mynde , whether the warkes , that thou , thy wyfe , & thy seruauntes
shall do , be more auauntage to the than the fyre , and candell-lyghte
, meate and drynke that they shall spende , (FITZH-E1-H,101.394)

and if it be more auantage , than syt styll : (FITZH-E1-H,101.395)

and if it be not , than go to thy bedde (FITZH-E1-H,101.396)

and slepe , (FITZH-E1-H,101.397)

and be vppe betyme , (FITZH-E1-H,101.398)

and breake thy faste before day , that thou mayste be all the shorte
wynters day about thy busynes . (FITZH-E1-H,101.399)

At grammer-scole I lerned a verse , (FITZH-E1-H,101.400)

that is this , Sanat , sanctificat , et ditat surgere mane .
(FITZH-E1-H,101.401)

That is to say , Erly rysyng maketh a man hole in body , holer in soule
, and rycher in goodes . (FITZH-E1-H,101.402)

And this me semeth shuld be sufficient instruction for the husbande to
kepe measure . (FITZH-E1-H,101.403)