<P_28>

<heading>

CHAPTER IV (VICARY-E1-H,28.3)

IN THIS CHAPTER IS DECLARED THE FIUE THINGES CONTEYNED WITHIN THE HEAD
. (VICARY-E1-H,28.4)

</heading>

Next vnder the bones of the head withinfoorth , the first thing that
appeareth is Duramater ; (VICARY-E1-H,28.6)

then is Piamater ; then the substaunce of the Brayne ; and then
Vermy-formes and Retemirabile . (VICARY-E1-H,28.7)

But first to speake of Duramater , whereof and howe it is sprong and
made : (VICARY-E1-H,28.8)

First , it is to be noted of the Veine and <P_29> Arteire that was
spoken of in the laste Chapter before , howe priuyly they entred
through the commissoris or seames of the head , (VICARY-E1-H,29.9)

and there , by their vnion together , they doo not onely bring and geue
the spirite of lyfe and nutriment , (VICARY-E1-H,29.10)

but also doo weaue them selues so togeather , that they make this
pannicle Duramater . (VICARY-E1-H,29.11)

It is holden vp by certayne threedes of him selfe comming through the
sayd commissories , running into Pericranium or pannicle that couereth
the bones of the head . (VICARY-E1-H,29.12)

And with the foresayde Veyne and Arteire , and these threedes comming
from Duramater , is wouen and made this Pericranium .
(VICARY-E1-H,29.13)

Also , why this panicle Duramater is set from the skul , I note two
causes : (VICARY-E1-H,29.14)

the first is , that if the Duramater shoulde haue touched the skul , it
shoulde lightly haue bene hurt with the hardnes of the bone :
(VICARY-E1-H,29.15)

The seconde cause is , that the matter that commeth of woundes made in
the head pearsing the skul , shoulde by it the better be defended and
kepte from Piamater , and hurting of the brayne . (VICARY-E1-H,29.16)

And next vnto this panicle there is another pannicle called <font> Pia
mater </font> , or meeke mother , because it is so softe and tender
vnto the brayne . Of whose creation it is to be noted as of Duramater ,
(VICARY-E1-H,29.17)

for the original of their fyrst creation is of one kind , both-1 from
the Hart and the Lyuer , (VICARY-E1-H,29.18)

and is mother of the very substaunce of the brayne .
(VICARY-E1-H,29.19)

Why it is called Piamater , is , for because it is so softe and tender
ouer the brayne , that it nourisheth the brayne and feedeth it , as
doth a louing mother vnto her tender childe or babe ;
(VICARY-E1-H,29.20)

for it is not so tough and harde as is Duramater . (VICARY-E1-H,29.21)

In this panicle Pia mater , is much to be noted of the great number of
<P_30> Veynes and Arteirs that are planted , ramefying throughout al
his substaunce , geuing to the brayne both spirite and lyfe .
(VICARY-E1-H,30.22)

And this Pannicle doth circumuolue or lappe al the substaunce of the
brayne : (VICARY-E1-H,30.23)

and in some places of the brayne the Veynes and the Arteirs goo foorth
of him , (VICARY-E1-H,30.24)

and enter into the diuisions of the brayne , (VICARY-E1-H,30.25)

and there drinketh of the brayne substaunce into them , asking of the
hart to them the spirite of lyfe or breath , and of the Lyuer ,
nutriment . (VICARY-E1-H,30.26)

And the aforesayde spirite or breath taketh a further digestion ,
(VICARY-E1-H,30.27)

and there it is made animal ; by the elaboration of the spirite vital ,
is turned and made animall . (VICARY-E1-H,30.28)

Furthermore , why there bee moo pannicles ouer the brayne then one , is
this : (VICARY-E1-H,30.29)

If there had beene but one pannicle onely , eyther-2 it must haue beene
harde , or soft , or meane betweene both . (VICARY-E1-H,30.30)

If it had beene harde , it should haue hurt the braine by his hardnes :
(VICARY-E1-H,30.31)

if it had beene soft , it shoulde haue beene hurt of the harde bone :
(VICARY-E1-H,30.32)

and yf it had beene but meanely neyther hard nor soft , it should haue
hurt the braine by his roughnes , and also haue beene hurte of the
harde bone . (VICARY-E1-H,30.33)

Therefore God and nature haue ordeyned two Pannicles , the one harde ,
and the other softe : (VICARY-E1-H,30.34)

the harder to be a meane betweene the softe and the bone ;
(VICARY-E1-H,30.35)

and the softer to be a meane betweene the harder and the braine it
selfe . (VICARY-E1-H,30.36)

Also these Pannicles be colde and dry of complexion , and spermatike .
(VICARY-E1-H,30.37)

Next is the Brayne , of which it is marueylous to be considered and
noted , how this Piamater deuideth the substaunce of the Brayne , and
lappeth it into certen selles or diuisions , as thus :
(VICARY-E1-H,30.38)

The substaunce of the braine is diuided into three partes or ventrikles
, of which the foremost part is the moste : (VICARY-E1-H,30.39)

the seconde or middlemost is lesse : (VICARY-E1-H,30.40)

the third or hindermost is the least . (VICARY-E1-H,30.41)

And from eche one to other be issues or passages <P_31> that are called
<font> Meates </font> , through whom passeth the spirit of life too and
fro . (VICARY-E1-H,31.42)

But here ye shal note that euery Ventrikle is diuided into two partes ;
(VICARY-E1-H,31.43)

and in euery parte God hath ordeyned and set singular and seueral
vertues , as thus : (VICARY-E1-H,31.44)

First , in the foremost Ventrikle God hath founded and set the common
Wittes , otherwise called the fyue Wittes , as Hearing , Seeing ,
Feeling , Smelling , and tasting . (VICARY-E1-H,31.45)

And also there is in one part of this Ventrikle , the vertue that is
called Fantasie , (VICARY-E1-H,31.46)

and he taketh al the formes or ordinaunces that be disposed of the fiue
wittes , after the meaning of sensible thinges : (VICARY-E1-H,31.47)

In the other parte of the same Ventrikle is ordeyned and founded the
Imaginatiue vertue , the whiche receyueth of the common Wittes the
fourme or shape of sensitue thinges , as they were receyued of the
common wittes withoutfoorth , representing their owne shape and
ordinaunces vnto the memoratiue vertue . (VICARY-E1-H,31.48)

In the middest sel or ventrikle there is founded and ordeyned the
Cogitatiue or estimatiue vertue : (VICARY-E1-H,31.49)

for he rehearseth , sheweth , declareth , and deemeth those things that
be offered vnto him by the other that were spoken of before .
(VICARY-E1-H,31.50)

In the thirde Ventrikle , and last , there is founded and ordeyned the
vertue Memoratiue : (VICARY-E1-H,31.51)

in this place is registred and kept those things that are done and
spoken with the senses , (VICARY-E1-H,31.52)

and keepeth them in his treasurie vnto the putting foorth of the fyue
or common wittes , or orgaynes , or instrumentes of animal workes , out
of whose extremities or lower partes springeth Mynuca , or marowe of
the spondels : of whom it shall be spoken of in the Anatomie of the
necke and backe . (VICARY-E1-H,31.53)

Furthermore , it is to be noted that from the foremost Ventrikle of the
brayne springeth seuen payre of sensatiue or feeling senews , the which
be produced to the Eyes , the Eares , the <P_32> Nose , the Toung , and
to the Stomack , and to diuers other partes of the body : as it shal be
declared in their anatomies . (VICARY-E1-H,32.54)

Also it is to bee noted , that aboute the middest ventrikle is the
place of Vermiformis , with curnelly fleshe that filleth ;
(VICARY-E1-H,32.55)

and Retemirabile , or wonderful caule vnder the Pannicles , is sette or
bounded with Arteirs onely , whiche come from the harte , in the whyche
the vitayle spirite , by his great labour is turned and made animal .
(VICARY-E1-H,32.56)

And ye shal vnderstande , that these two be the best kept partes of al
the body ; (VICARY-E1-H,32.57)

for a man shal rather dye , then any of these should suffer any manner
of greefes from withoutfoorth ; (VICARY-E1-H,32.58)

and therefore God hath set them farre from the hart .
(VICARY-E1-H,32.59)

Heere I note the saying of Haly Abbas , of the comming of smal Arteirs
from the hart , of whom <paren> sayth he </paren> is made a marueylous
net or caule , in the which caule is inclosed the Brayne ,
(VICARY-E1-H,32.60)

and in that place is layde the spirite of feeling ; (VICARY-E1-H,32.61)

from that place hath the spirite of feeling his first creation ,
(VICARY-E1-H,32.62)

and from thence passeth to other members , &c. (VICARY-E1-H,32.63)

Furthermore , ye shal vnderstand that the brayne is a member colde and
moyst of complexion , thinne , and meanely viscous , and a principal
member , and an official member , and spermatike . (VICARY-E1-H,32.64)

And fyrst , why he is a principal member , is , because he is the
gouernour or the treasurie of the fyue wittes : (VICARY-E1-H,32.65)

And why he is an official member , is , because he hath the effect of
feeling and stering : (VICARY-E1-H,32.66)

And why he is colde and moyst , is , that he shoulde , by his coldnes
and moystnes , abate and temper the exceeding heate and drought that
commeth <P_33> from the harte : (VICARY-E1-H,33.67)

Also , why he is moyst , is , that it should be the more indifferenter
and abler to euery thing that shoulde be reserued or gotten into him :
(VICARY-E1-H,33.68)

Also , why it is soft , is , that it should geue place and fauour to
the vertue of stering : (VICARY-E1-H,33.69)

And why it is meanely viscous , is , that his senewes should be strong
and meanely toughe , and that they shoulde not be letted in their
working throughe his ouermuche hardnes . (VICARY-E1-H,33.70)

Heere Galen demaundeth a question , which is this , Whether that
feeling and mouing bee brought to Nerues by one or by diuers ? or
whether the aforesayde thing be brought substancially or radically .
(VICARY-E1-H,33.71)

The matter <paren> sayth he </paren> is so harde to searche and be
vnderstoode , that it were much better to let it alone and passe ouer
it . (VICARY-E1-H,33.72)

Aristotle , intreating of the Brayne , sayth : The Brayne is a member
continually mouing and ruling al other members of the body , geuing
vnto them both feeling and mouing ; (VICARY-E1-H,33.73)

for if the Brayne be let , al other members be let :
(VICARY-E1-H,33.74)

and if the Brayne be wel , then al other members $of the body be the
better disposed . (VICARY-E1-H,33.75)

Also the brayne hath this propertie , that it moueth and followeth the
mouing of the Moone : (VICARY-E1-H,33.76)

for in the waxing of the Moone , the Brayne followeth vpwardes ;
(VICARY-E1-H,33.77)

and in the wane of the Moone , the brayne discendeth downwardes ,
(VICARY-E1-H,33.78)

and vanisheth in substaunce of vertue : (VICARY-E1-H,33.79)

for then the Brayne shrinketh togeather in it selfe ,
(VICARY-E1-H,33.80)

and is not so fully obedient to the spirit of feeling .
(VICARY-E1-H,33.81)

And this is proued in menne that be lunatike or madde , and also in men
that be epulentike , or hauing the falling sicknesse , that be moste
greeued in the beginning of the newe Moone , and in the latter quarter
of the Moone . Wherefore <paren> sayth Aristotle </paren> when it
happeneth that the Brayne is eyther too drye or too moyst , then can it
not worke his kinde : (VICARY-E1-H,33.82)

for then is the body made colde : (VICARY-E1-H,33.83)

then are the spirites of lyfe melted and resolued away :
(VICARY-E1-H,33.84)

<P_34> and then foloweth feebleness of the wittes , and of al other
members of the body , and at the laste death . (VICARY-E1-H,34.85)

<heading>

CHAPTER V . (VICARY-E1-H,34.87)

HEEREAFTER FOLOWETH THE ANATOMIE OF THE FACE . (VICARY-E1-H,34.88)

</heading>

The Front or the Forhead conteyneth nothing but the Skinne and Musculus
fleshe , (VICARY-E1-H,34.90)

for the panicle vnderneth it is of Pericranium , (VICARY-E1-H,34.91)

and the bone is of the Coronal bone . (VICARY-E1-H,34.92)

Howebeit there it is made broade , as yf ther were a double bone ,
whiche maketh the forme of the Browes . (VICARY-E1-H,34.93)

It is called the Forhead or Front , from one Eare to the other , and
from the rootes of the Eares of the head before , vnto y=e= browes .
(VICARY-E1-H,34.94)

But the cause why the Browes were set and reared vp , was , that they
shoulde defende the Eyes from noyaunce withoutfoorth :
(VICARY-E1-H,34.95)

And they be ordeyned with heare , to put by the humour or sweat that
cometh from the head . (VICARY-E1-H,34.96)

Also the Browes do helpe the Eyeliddes , (VICARY-E1-H,34.97)

and do beautifie and make fayre the face ; (VICARY-E1-H,34.98)

for he that hath not his Browes heyred , is not seemely .
(VICARY-E1-H,34.99)

And Aristotle sayth , that ouer measurable Browes betokeneth an enuious
man : (VICARY-E1-H,34.100)

Also high browes and thicke betokeneth hardnes : (VICARY-E1-H,34.101)

and browes with little heare betokeneth cowardnes :
(VICARY-E1-H,34.102)

and meanly , signifieth gentlenes of hart . (VICARY-E1-H,34.103)

Incisions about these partes ought to be done according to the length
of the body , (VICARY-E1-H,34.104)

for there the Muscle goeth from one Eare to the other .
(VICARY-E1-H,34.105)

And there , if any incision should be made with the lenght of the
Muscle , it might happen the Browe to hang ouer the Eye without remedie
, as it is many times seene , the <P_35> more pitie !
(VICARY-E1-H,35.106)

The browes be called Supercilium in Latin ; (VICARY-E1-H,35.107)

and vnder , is the Eye liddes , which is called Cilium , and is
garnished with heyres . (VICARY-E1-H,35.108)

Two causes I finde why the eye-liddes were ordeyned :
(VICARY-E1-H,35.109)

The fyrst is , that they shoulde keepe and defende the Eye from duste
and other outwarde noyances : (VICARY-E1-H,35.110)

the seconde is , when the eye is weery or heauy , then they should be
couered , and take rest vnderneath them . (VICARY-E1-H,35.111)

Why the heyres were ordeyned in them , is , that by them is addressed
the formes or similitudes of visible thinges vnto the apple of the eye
. (VICARY-E1-H,35.112)

<P_54>

The Brest or Thorax is the Arke or Chest of the spiritual members of
man , as sayth the Philosopher : where it is to be noted , that there
be foure thinges conteyning , and eyght conteyned , as thus :
(VICARY-E1-H,54.114)

The foure conteyning are , the Skinne , Musculus fleshe , the <P_55>
Pappes , and the Bones : (VICARY-E1-H,55.115)

The partes conteyned are , the Hart , the Lunges , Panikles ,
Ligamentes , Nerues , Veines , Arteirs , Mire or Isofagus .
(VICARY-E1-H,55.116)

Nowe the skinne and the fleshe are knowen in their Anatomie .
(VICARY-E1-H,55.117)

It is to be noted , that the fleshe of the Pappes differeth from the
other fleshe of the body , (VICARY-E1-H,55.118)

for it is white , glandulus , & spongeous : (VICARY-E1-H,55.119)

and there is in them , both Nerues , Veines and Arteirs ;
(VICARY-E1-H,55.120)

and by them they haue Coliganes with the hart , the lyuer , the brayne
, and the generatiue members . (VICARY-E1-H,55.121)

Also there is in the brest , as old Authors make mention , lxxx. or
.xc. Muskles ; (VICARY-E1-H,55.122)

for some of them be common to the necke , some to the shoulders , and
to the spades , some to Diafragma or y=e= Mydriffe , some to the Ribbes
, some to the Backe , & some to the brest it selfe .
(VICARY-E1-H,55.123)

But I fynde certayne profitablenes in the creation of y=e= Paps , aswel
in man as in woman : (VICARY-E1-H,55.124)

for in man it defendeth the spirituals from annoyannce outwardly :
(VICARY-E1-H,55.125)

and another , by their thicknes they comfort the natural heate in
defience of the spirites . (VICARY-E1-H,55.126)

And in women there is the generation of milke : (VICARY-E1-H,55.127)

for in women there commeth from the Matrix into their Brestes manye
Veines which bring into them menstrual blood , the whiche is turned
<paren> through the digestiue vertue </paren> from red colour into
white , like the colour of the Pappes , euen as Chylley comming from
the stomocke to the Lyuer is turned into the colour of the Lyuer .
(VICARY-E1-H,55.128)

Nowe to speake of the bones of the Brest : (VICARY-E1-H,55.129)

They be sayde to be triple or threefolde ; (VICARY-E1-H,55.130)

and they be numbred to be seuen in the Brest before ;
(VICARY-E1-H,55.131)

and their length is according to the breadth of the brest ;
(VICARY-E1-H,55.132)

and their extremities or endes be grystlie , as the ribbes be .
(VICARY-E1-H,55.133)

<P_56>

And in the vpper ende of Thorax is an hole or a concauitie , in which
is set the foote of the Furklebone , or Canel bone ;
(VICARY-E1-H,56.135)

and in the nether ende of Thorax , agaynst y=e= mouth of the stomacke ,
hangeth a gristle called Ensiforme : (VICARY-E1-H,56.136)

and this grystle was ordeyned for two causes : (VICARY-E1-H,56.137)

One is , that it shuld defende the stomacke from hurte outwardly :
(VICARY-E1-H,56.138)

The seconde is , that in time of fulnes it should geue place to the
stomacke in time of neede when it desireth , &c. (VICARY-E1-H,56.139)

Nowe to speake of the parts of the backe behindefoorth :
(VICARY-E1-H,56.140)

There be .xij. Spondels , through whom passeth Mynuca , of whom
springeth .xij. payre of Nerues , $bringing both feeling and mouing to
the Muscles of the Brest aforesayde . (VICARY-E1-H,56.141)

And here it is to be noted , that in euery syde there be .xij. Rybbes ;
that is to say , .vij. true , and .v. false , because these .v. be not
so long as the other .vij. be , and therefore be called false Rybbes ,
as it may be perceiued by the sighte of the Eye . (VICARY-E1-H,56.142)

Likewise of the partes that be inwardly ; (VICARY-E1-H,56.143)

and fyrst of the Hart , because he is the principal of al other members
, and the beginning of life : (VICARY-E1-H,56.144)

he is set in the middest of the brest seuerally by him selfe , as Lord
and King of al members . (VICARY-E1-H,56.145)

And as a Lorde or King ought to be serued of his subiectes that haue
their liuing of him , So are al other members of the body subiectes to
the Hart , (VICARY-E1-H,56.146)

for they receyue their liuing of him , (VICARY-E1-H,56.147)

and they doo seruice many wayes vnto him agayne . (VICARY-E1-H,56.148)

The substaunce of the Hart is , as it were , <P_57> Lazartus fleshe ;
(VICARY-E1-H,57.149)

but it is spermatike , and an official member , and the beginning of
life ; (VICARY-E1-H,57.150)

and he geueth to euery member of the body both blood of life , and
spirite of breath and heate : (VICARY-E1-H,57.151)

for if the Hart were of Lazartus fleshe , his mouing and steering
should be voluntarie , and not natural ; (VICARY-E1-H,57.152)

but the contrarie is true , (VICARY-E1-H,57.153)

for it were impossible that the Hart should be ruled by Wyl onely , and
not by nature . (VICARY-E1-H,57.154)

The Harte hath the shape and forme of a Pyneapple ;
(VICARY-E1-H,57.155)

and the brode ende thereof is vpwardes , (VICARY-E1-H,57.156)

and the sharpe ende is downewardes , depending a little towardes the
left side . (VICARY-E1-H,57.157)

And here it is to be noted , that the Hart hath blood in his substaunce
, whereas al other members haue it but in their Veines & Arteirs :
(VICARY-E1-H,57.158)

also the hart is bounde with certayne Ligamentes to the backepart of
the brest , (VICARY-E1-H,57.159)

but these Lygamentes touche not the substaunce of the Hart ,
(VICARY-E1-H,57.160)

but in the ouerpart they spring foorth of him , (VICARY-E1-H,57.161)

and is fastened , as is aforesayde . (VICARY-E1-H,57.162)

Furthermore , the Hart hath two Ventrikles or concauities ,
(VICARY-E1-H,57.163)

and the left is hyer then the right ; (VICARY-E1-H,57.164)

and the cause of this holownesse is this , for to keepe the bloud for
his nourishing , and the ayre to abate and temper the great heate that
he is in , the which is kept in his concauities . (VICARY-E1-H,57.165)

Nowe here it is to be noted , that to the right Ventrikle of the harte
commeth a veyne from the great veyne called Venakelis , that receyueth
al the <P_58> substaunce of the blood from the Lyuer .
(VICARY-E1-H,58.166)

And this veine that commeth from Venakelis , entreth into the hart at
the right Ventrikle , as I sayde before ; (VICARY-E1-H,58.167)

and in him is brought a great portion of the thickest blood to nourishe
the Hart with ; (VICARY-E1-H,58.168)

& the residue that is left of this , is made subtil through the vertue
of the hart ; (VICARY-E1-H,58.169)

and then this blood is sent into a concauitie or pytte in the myddest
of the Harte betweene the two Ventrikles , (VICARY-E1-H,58.170)

and therein it is made hote and pured ; (VICARY-E1-H,58.171)

and then it passeth into the left Ventrikle , (VICARY-E1-H,58.172)

and there is ingendred in it a spirit that is clearer , brighter , and
subtiller then any corporal or bodely thing that is ingendred of the
foure Elementes ; (VICARY-E1-H,58.173)

For it is a thing that is a meane betweene the body and the soule .
Wherfore it is likened of the Philosophers , to be more liker heauenly
thinges then earthly thinges . (VICARY-E1-H,58.174)

Also it is to be noted , that from the left Ventrikle of the Hart
springeth two Arteirs : The one hauing but one cote ,
(VICARY-E1-H,58.175)

and therefore it is called Arterea venalis : (VICARY-E1-H,58.176)

and this Arteir carieth blood from the Hart to the Lungs , the which
Blood is vaporous , that is tried and left of the Harte , and is
brought by this Artery to the Lunges , to geue hym nutriment :
(VICARY-E1-H,58.177)

and there he receyueth of the Lunges ayre , (VICARY-E1-H,58.178)

and bringeth it to the hart to refreshe him with . Wherefore Galen
<P_59> sayth , that he fyndeth that mans harte is natural and frendly
to the Lungs , (VICARY-E1-H,59.179)

for he geueth him of his owne nutrimental to nourishe him with ;
(VICARY-E1-H,59.180)

and the Lunges rewarde him with ayre to refreshe him with agayne , &c.
(VICARY-E1-H,59.181)

The other Arterye that hath two cotes , is called vena Arterialis , or
the great Artery that ascendeth and dissendeth ; (VICARY-E1-H,59.182)

and of him springeth al the other Arteirs that spreade to euery member
of the body , (VICARY-E1-H,59.183)

for by him is vnified and quickneth al the members of the body .
(VICARY-E1-H,59.184)

For the spirite that is reteyned in them , is the instrument or
treasure of al the vertue of the soule . (VICARY-E1-H,59.185)

And thus it passeth vntil it come to the Brayne ; (VICARY-E1-H,59.186)

& there he is turned into a further digestion , (VICARY-E1-H,59.187)

and there he taketh another spirite , (VICARY-E1-H,59.188)

and so is made animal , and at the Lyuer nutrimental , and at the
Testikles generatiue ; (VICARY-E1-H,59.189)

and thus it is made a spirite of euery kinde , so that he , beeing
meane of al maner of operations and workinges , taketh effect .
(VICARY-E1-H,59.190)

Two causes I fynde why these Arteirs haue two cotes :
(VICARY-E1-H,59.191)

One is , that one cote is not sufficient nor able to withstande the
violent mouing and steering of the spirite of lyfe that is caryed in
them : (VICARY-E1-H,59.192)

The seconde cause is , that the thing that is caried about from place
to place , is of so precious a treasure that it had the more neede of
good keeping . (VICARY-E1-H,59.193)

And of some Doctors this Arteir is called Pulsatiue veyne , or the
beating veyne : (VICARY-E1-H,59.194)

for by him is perceyued the power & might of the Hart , &c. Wherfore
God and Nature haue ordeyned that the Arteirs should haue two cotes .
(VICARY-E1-H,59.195)

Also there is in the Harte three Pelikels , opening and closing the
gooing in of the Harte blood and spirite in conuenient time .
(VICARY-E1-H,59.196)

Also the Hart hath two <P_60> little Eares , by whome commeth in and
passeth out the ayre that is prepared for the Lunges .
(VICARY-E1-H,60.197)

Also there is founde in the Hart a Cartilaginus auditament , to helpe
and strength the selfe Harte . (VICARY-E1-H,60.198)

Also the Harte is couered with a strong Pannikle , which is called of
some , Capsula cordeo , or Pericordium , the whiche is a strong case ,
vnto whome commeth Nerues , as to other inwarde members .
(VICARY-E1-H,60.199)

And this Panicle Pericordium springeth of the vpper Pannicle of the
Midriffe . (VICARY-E1-H,60.200)

And of him springeth another Panikle , called Mediastinum , the which
departeth the Brest in the middest , and keepeth that the Lunges fal
not ouer the Hart . (VICARY-E1-H,60.201)

Also there is an other Pannikle that couereth the Ribbes inwardly ,
that is called Plura , of whom the Midriffe taketh his beginning .
(VICARY-E1-H,60.202)

And it is sayde of many Doctors , that Duramater is the originall of
all the Pannicles within the body : (VICARY-E1-H,60.203)

and thus one taketh of another , &c. (VICARY-E1-H,60.204)

<heading>

CHAPTER VIII . (VICARY-E1-H,60.206)

THE ANATOMIE OF THE LUNGES . (VICARY-E1-H,60.207)

</heading>

The Lunges is a member spermatike of his fyrst creation ;
(VICARY-E1-H,60.209)

and his natural complexion is colde and dry ; (VICARY-E1-H,60.210)

and in his accidental complexion he is colde <P_61> and moyste , lapped
in a Nerueous Pannikle , bicause it should gather togeather the softer
substaunce of the Lunges , and that the Lunges might feele by the
meanes of the Pannicle , that whiche he might not feele in himselfe .
(VICARY-E1-H,61.211)

Nowe to proue the Lunges to be colde and drye of kinde , it appeareth
by hys swift steering , (VICARY-E1-H,61.212)

for he lyeth euer wauing ouer the hart , and about the harte .
(VICARY-E1-H,61.213)

And that he is colde and moyst in rewarde , it appeareth wel , that he
receyueth of the brayne many cold matters , as Cataries , and Rumes ,
whose substaunce is thinne . (VICARY-E1-H,61.214)

Also I fynde in the Lunges , three kinds of substaunce :
(VICARY-E1-H,61.215)

One is a Veyne comming from the Liuer , bringing with him the Crude or
rawe parte of the Chylle to feede the Lunges : (VICARY-E1-H,61.216)

Another is Arterea venalis , comming from the hart , bringing with him
the spirite of lyfe to nourishe him with : (VICARY-E1-H,61.217)

The third is Trachia arteria , that bringeth in ayre to the Lunges ;
(VICARY-E1-H,61.218)

and it passeth through al the left part of them to doo his office .
(VICARY-E1-H,61.219)

The Lunges is deuided into fiue Lobbes or Pellikels , or fiue portions
, that is to say , three in the right side , and two in the left side .
(VICARY-E1-H,61.220)

And it was done for this cause , that if there fel any hurt in the one
part , the others shoulde serue and doo their office .
(VICARY-E1-H,61.221)

And three causes I finde why the Lunges were principally ordeyned :
(VICARY-E1-H,61.222)

First , that they should drawe colde winde , and refreshe the hart :
(VICARY-E1-H,61.223)

The seconde , that they shoulde <P_62> chaunge and alter , and purifie
the ayre before it come to y=e= hart , least the hart were hurte and
noyed with the quantitie of the ayre : (VICARY-E1-H,62.224)

The thirde cause is , that they shoulde receyue from the harte the
fumous superfluities that he putteth foorth with hys breathing , &c.
(VICARY-E1-H,62.225)

Behinde the Lunges , towarde the Spondels , passeth Mire or Isofagus ,
of whom it is spoken of in the Anatomie of the necke .
(VICARY-E1-H,62.226)

And also there passeth both Veynes and Arteirs ; (VICARY-E1-H,62.227)

and al these with Trachia arteria doo make a Stoke , replete vnto the
Gullet with Pannikles , and strong Lygaments , and Glandulus fleshe to
fulfil the voyde places . (VICARY-E1-H,62.228)

And last of al is the Midriffe ; (VICARY-E1-H,62.229)

and it is an official member , made of two Pannikles , and Lazartus
flesh ; (VICARY-E1-H,62.230)

and his place is in the middest of the body ouerthwart or in bredth
vnder the region of the spirituall members , departing them from the
matrix . (VICARY-E1-H,62.231)

And three causes I finde why the Midriffe was ordeyned :
(VICARY-E1-H,62.232)

First , that it should diuide the spirituals from the nutrates :
(VICARY-E1-H,62.233)

The seconde , that it should keepe the vital colour or heate to
dissende downe to the nutrates : (VICARY-E1-H,62.234)

The last is , that the malicious fumes reared vp from the nutrates ,
should not noye the spirituals or vytals , &c. (VICARY-E1-H,62.235)

The wombe is the region or the citie of al the Intrils ; the whiche
reacheth from the Midriffe downe vnto the share inwardly , and
outwardly from the Reynes or Kydnes , downe to the bone Pecten , about
the priuie partes . (VICARY-E1-H,62.236)

And thys wombe is compounde and made of two thinges , that is to say ,
of <font> Syfac </font> and <font> Myrac </font> . (VICARY-E1-H,62.237)

<font> Syfac </font> is a Pannicle , and a member spermatike , official
, <P_63> sensible , senowy , compound of subtil Wyl , and in complexion
colde and drye , hauing his beginning at the inner Pannicle of the
Midriffe . (VICARY-E1-H,63.238)

And it was ordeyned because it shoulde conteyne and bind together al
the Intrals , and that he defende the Musculus so that he oppresse not
the natural members . (VICARY-E1-H,63.239)

And that he is strong and tough ; it is because he should not be
lightly broken , and that those thinges that are conteyned goo not
foorth , as it happeneth to them that are broken , &c.
(VICARY-E1-H,63.240)

<font> Myrac </font> is compound and made of foure things , that is ,
of skin outwardly , of fatnes , of a carnous pannicle , and of Musculus
fleshe . (VICARY-E1-H,63.241)

And that it is to be vnderstanded , that all the whole from Sifac
outwarde , is called Myrac , it appeareth wel by the wordes of Galen ,
where he commaundeth , that in al woundes of the wombe , to sewe the
Sifac with the Myrac ; (VICARY-E1-H,63.242)

and by that it proueth , that there is nothing without the Sifac , but
Myrac . (VICARY-E1-H,63.243)

And in this Myrac or vtter parte of the wombe , there is noted eyght
Muscles , two Longitudinals , proceeding from the sheelde of the
Stomache vnto Os Pecten : two Latitudinales comming from the
backe-wardes to the wombe : and foure Tranuerse , of the which , two of
them spring from the Ribbes on the right side , and go to the left side
, to the bones of the Haunches , or of Pecten : (VICARY-E1-H,63.244)

and the other two spring from the Ribbes on the left syde ,
(VICARY-E1-H,63.245)

and come ouer the wombe to the righte partes , as the other before doth
. (VICARY-E1-H,63.246)

Heere it is to be noted , that by the <P_64> vertue of the subtyl wyl
that is in the Musculus longitudinal , is made perfect the vertue
attractiue : (VICARY-E1-H,64.247)

and by the musculus Tranuerse is made the vertue retentiue :
(VICARY-E1-H,64.248)

and by the musculus Latitudinale is made the vertue expulsiue .
(VICARY-E1-H,64.249)

It is thus to be vnderstoode , that by the vertue attractiue , is
drawen downe into the Intrals al superfluities , both water , wynde ,
and dyrt : (VICARY-E1-H,64.250)

By the vertue retentiue , all thinges are withholden and kept , vntil
nature haue wrought his kinde : (VICARY-E1-H,64.251)

And by the vertue expulsiue , is put foorth al thinges when Nature
prouoketh any thing to be done . (VICARY-E1-H,64.252)

Galen sayth that woundes or incisions be more perillous in the middest
of the wombe then about the sides , (VICARY-E1-H,64.253)

for there the partes be more tractable , then any other partes be .
(VICARY-E1-H,64.254)

Also he sayth , that in wounds persing the womb there shal not be made
good incarnation , except Sifac be sewed with Myrac .
(VICARY-E1-H,64.255)

Nowe to come to y=e= parts conteyned within : (VICARY-E1-H,64.256)

Fyrst , that which appeareth next vnder the Sifac is <font> Omentum
</font> , or <font> Zirbus </font> , the which is a pannicle couering
the stomacke and the Intrals , implanted with many Veynes and Arteirs ,
and not a little fatnes ordeyned to keepe moyst the inwarde partes .
(VICARY-E1-H,64.257)

This Zirbus is an official member , (VICARY-E1-H,64.258)

and is compound of a veyne and an Arteir , the which entreth and maketh
a line of the vtter tunikle of the stomacke , vnto whiche tunikle
hangeth the Zirbus , and couereth al the guttes downe to the shayre .
(VICARY-E1-H,64.259)

Two causes I finde why they were ordeyned : (VICARY-E1-H,64.260)

one is , that they shuld defend y=e= nutratiues outwardly :
(VICARY-E1-H,64.261)

the seconde is , that through his owne power & vertue he should
strength and comfort the digestion of al the Nutrates , because they
are more feebler then other members be , bicause they haue but a thin
wombe or skinne , &c. (VICARY-E1-H,64.262)

<P_65>

Next Zirbus , appeareth the Intrals or guttes , of which Galen saith ,
that the Guttes were ordeined in the fyrst creation to conuey the
drosse of the meate and drinke , & to clense the body of their
superfluities . (VICARY-E1-H,65.264)

And here it is to be noted that there be sixe portions of one whole
Gutte , which both-3 in man and beast beginneth at the nether mouth of
the stomacke , and so continueth foorth to the end of the Fundament .
(VICARY-E1-H,65.265)

Neuerthelesse he hath diuers shapes and formes , and diuers operations
in the body ; (VICARY-E1-H,65.266)

and therfore he hath diuers names . (VICARY-E1-H,65.267)

And here-vpon the Philosophers say , that y=e= lower wombe of a man is
like vnto the wombe of a swine . (VICARY-E1-H,65.268)

And lyke as the stomack hath two tunikles , in like maner haue al the
Guttes two tunikles . (VICARY-E1-H,65.269)

The fyrst portion of the Guttes is called Duodenum ,
(VICARY-E1-H,65.270)

for he is .xij. ynches of length , (VICARY-E1-H,65.271)

and couereth the nether parte of the stomacke , (VICARY-E1-H,65.272)

and receyeth al the drosse of y=e= stomacke : (VICARY-E1-H,65.273)

The second portion of the Guttes is called Ieiunium ,
(VICARY-E1-H,65.274)

for he is euermore emptie ; (VICARY-E1-H,65.275)

for to him lyeth euermore the chest of the Gal , beating him sore ,
(VICARY-E1-H,65.276)

and draweth forth of him al the drosse , (VICARY-E1-H,65.277)

and clenseth him clene : (VICARY-E1-H,65.278)

The .iij. portion of gutte is called Yleon , or final gutte ,
(VICARY-E1-H,65.279)

and is in length .xv. or .xvj. Cubites . (VICARY-E1-H,65.280)

In this gutte oftentimes falleth a disease called Yleaca passio .
(VICARY-E1-H,65.281)

The .iiij. gut is called Monoculus , or blind <P_66> gut ;
(VICARY-E1-H,66.282)

and it seemeth to haue but one hole or mouth ; (VICARY-E1-H,66.283)

but it hath two , one neere vnto the other ; (VICARY-E1-H,66.284)

for by the one al thinges go in , (VICARY-E1-H,66.285)

and by the other they goo out agayne : (VICARY-E1-H,66.286)

The fyfth is called <font> Colon </font> , (VICARY-E1-H,66.287)

and receyeth al the drosse depriued from al profitablenesse ;
(VICARY-E1-H,66.288)

and therefore there commeth not to him any veynes Miseraices , as to
the other : (VICARY-E1-H,66.289)

The syxte and last is called <font> Rectum </font> or Longaon ,
(VICARY-E1-H,66.290)

and he is ended in the Fundament , (VICARY-E1-H,66.291)

and hath in his nether end foure Muscles , to holde , to open , to
shutte , and to put out , &c. (VICARY-E1-H,66.292)

Next is to be noted of Mesenterium , the which is nothing else but a
texture of innumerable veynes Miseraices , ramefied of one veyne called
Porta epates , couered and defended of Pannicles and Ligamentes comming
to the Intrals , with the backe ful of fatnes and glandulus fleshe ,
&c. (VICARY-E1-H,66.293)

The stomacke is a member compound and spermatike , <P_67> senowy and
sensible ; (VICARY-E1-H,67.294)

and therein is made perfect the fyrst digestion of Chile .
(VICARY-E1-H,67.295)

This is a necessarie member to al the body ; (VICARY-E1-H,67.296)

for if it fayle in his working , al the members of the body shal
corrupte . Wherefore Galen sayth , that the stomacke was ordeyned
principally for two causes : (VICARY-E1-H,67.297)

The first , that it shoulde be to al the members of the body , as y=e=
earth is to al that are ingendred of the earth , that is , that it
shoulde desire sufficient meate for al the whole body :
(VICARY-E1-H,67.298)

The seconde is , that the stomacke should be a sacke or chest to al the
bodie for y=e= meate , and as a Cooke to al the members of the body .
(VICARY-E1-H,67.299)

The stomacke is made of two pannicles , of which the inner is Nerueous
, and the vtter Carneous . (VICARY-E1-H,67.300)

This inner pannicle hath musculus longitudinales that stretcheth along
from the stomacke to the mouth , by the which he draweth to him meate
and drinke , as it were handes . (VICARY-E1-H,67.301)

Also he hath Tranuers wyl , for to withholde or make retention .
(VICARY-E1-H,67.302)

And also the vtter pannicle hath Latitudinal wyl , to expulse and put
out ; (VICARY-E1-H,67.303)

and that by his heate he shoulde helpe the digestiue vertue of the
Stomacke , and by other heates geuen by his neighbours , as thus :
(VICARY-E1-H,67.304)

It hath the lyuer on the right side , chafing & heating him with his
lobes or figures : & the Splen on the left syde , with his fatnes , and
veynes sending to him melancolie , to exercise his appetites :
(VICARY-E1-H,67.305)

and aboue him is the Harte , quickening him with his Arteries :
(VICARY-E1-H,67.306)

Also the brayne , send to him a braunche of Nerues to geue him feeling
. (VICARY-E1-H,67.307)

And <P_68> he hath on the hinder parte , dissending of the partes of
the backe , many Lygamentes , with the which he is bounde to the
Spondels of the backe . (VICARY-E1-H,68.308)

The forme or figure of the Stomacke is long , in likenes of a gowrde ,
crooked : (VICARY-E1-H,68.309)

and that both holes be in the vpper part of the body of it , is because
there should be no going out of it vnaduisedly of those thinges that
are receyued into it . (VICARY-E1-H,68.310)

The quantitie of the stomacke commonly holdeth two pitchers of water ,
(VICARY-E1-H,68.311)

and it maye suffer many passions ; (VICARY-E1-H,68.312)

and the nether mouth of the stomacke is narrower then the vpper ,
(VICARY-E1-H,68.313)

and that for three causes : (VICARY-E1-H,68.314)

the first cause is , that the vpper receyueth meate great and boystrous
in substaunce , that there beeying made subtile , it might passe into
the nether : (VICARY-E1-H,68.315)

The second is , for by him passeth al the meates , with their
chilositie , from the Stomacke to the Lyuer : (VICARY-E1-H,68.316)

The thirde is , for that through him passeth al the drosse of the
Stomacke to the guttes . (VICARY-E1-H,68.317)

And this suffiseth for the Stomacke , &c. (VICARY-E1-H,68.318)

The Lyuer is a principal member , and official ; and of his first
creation , spermatike ; complete in quantitie of blood , of him self
insencible , (VICARY-E1-H,68.319)

but by accidence he is sencible , (VICARY-E1-H,68.320)

and in him is made the seconde digestion , (VICARY-E1-H,68.321)

and is lapped in a Senowy pannicle . (VICARY-E1-H,68.322)

And that he is a principall member , it appeareth openly by the
Philosophers , by Auicen and Galen . (VICARY-E1-H,68.323)

And it is official , as is the stomacke ; (VICARY-E1-H,68.324)

and it is of spermatike matter , and senowy , of the which is ingendred
his Veynes . (VICARY-E1-H,68.325)

And because it was little in quantitie , nature hath added to it cruded
blood , to the accomplishment of sufficient quantity ,
(VICARY-E1-H,68.326)

and is lapped in a senowy pannicle . (VICARY-E1-H,68.327)

And why the Lyuer is cruded , is , because y=e= Chile which <P_69>
commeth from the stomacke to the Lyuer , should be turned into the
colour of blood . (VICARY-E1-H,69.328)

And why the Lyuer was ordeined , was , because that al the nutrimental
blood shoulde be ingendred in him . (VICARY-E1-H,69.329)

The proper place of the Lyuer is vnder the false Ribbes in the righte
side . (VICARY-E1-H,69.330)

The forme of the lyuer is gibbous or bunchy on the back side ,
(VICARY-E1-H,69.331)

& it is somewhat hollow , like the insyde of an hande .
(VICARY-E1-H,69.332)

And why it is so shapen , is , that it should be plycable to the
stomacke , like as a hande dothe to an apple , to comforte her
digestion ; (VICARY-E1-H,69.333)

for his heate is to the stomacke as the heate of the fyre is to the
Potte or Cauldron that hangeth ouer it . (VICARY-E1-H,69.334)

Also the Lyuer is bounde with his pellikles to the Diafragma , and with
strong Lygamentes . (VICARY-E1-H,69.335)

And also he hath Colyganes with the Stomack and the Intrals , and with
the Hart and the Raines , the Testicles , and other members .
(VICARY-E1-H,69.336)

And there are in hym fiue Pellikles like fiue fingers .
(VICARY-E1-H,69.337)

Galen calleth the Lyuer Massasanguinaria , conteyning in it selfe foure
substances , Natural and Nutrimental . (VICARY-E1-H,69.338)

The naturals is sent with the blood to all partes of the body to be
ingendred and nourished . (VICARY-E1-H,69.339)

And the nutrimentals be sequestrate , and sent to places ordeyned for
some helpinges . (VICARY-E1-H,69.340)

These are the places of the humors : the blood in the Lyuer , Choler in
the chest of gal , Melancolie to the Splen , Flegme to the Lunges and
the Iunctures , the watery superfluities to the Reynes and the Vesike .
(VICARY-E1-H,69.341)

And they goo with y=e= <P_70> blood , (VICARY-E1-H,70.342)

and sometime they putrifie and make Feuers ; (VICARY-E1-H,70.343)

and some be put out to the skin , (VICARY-E1-H,70.344)

and be resolued by sweat , or by skab , by Pushes , or by Impostumes .
(VICARY-E1-H,70.345)

And these foure natural humours , that is to say , Sanguin , Choler ,
Melancoly , & Fleme , be ingendred and distributed in this maner :
(VICARY-E1-H,70.346)

First ye shal vnderstande , that from the Spermatike matter of the
Liuer inwardly , there is ingendred two greate veynes , of the whiche
the first and the greatest is called <font> Porta </font> , and commeth
from the concauitie of the Lyuer , of whom springeth al the smal veynes
<font> Miseraices </font> ; (VICARY-E1-H,70.347)

and these <font> Miseraices </font> be to Vena porta as the braunches
of a tree be to the stocke or tree . (VICARY-E1-H,70.348)

For some of them be conteyned with the botome of the stomacke , some
wyth Duodenum , some with Ieiunium , some with Yleon , & some with
Monoculus or Saccus . (VICARY-E1-H,70.349)

And from al these guttes they bring to Vena porta the succozitie of
Chiley gooing from the stomacke , (VICARY-E1-H,70.350)

& distribute it into the substaunce of the Lyuer . (VICARY-E1-H,70.351)

And these veynes <font> Miseraices </font> be innumerable .
(VICARY-E1-H,70.352)

And in these vaynes is begon the seconde digestion , and ended in the
Lyuer , like as is in the Stomacke the fyrst digestion .
(VICARY-E1-H,70.353)

So it proueth that Vena porta and vena Miseraices serue to bring al the
succozitie of the meate and drinke that passeth the Stomacke , to the
Liuer , (VICARY-E1-H,70.354)

and they spreade them selues thorough the substaunce of the Liuer
inwardly ; (VICARY-E1-H,70.355)

and al they stretche towards the gibbos or bowing part of the Liuer ,
(VICARY-E1-H,70.356)

and there they meete (VICARY-E1-H,70.357)

and goe al into one vnitie , (VICARY-E1-H,70.358)

& make the seconde great veine called Venakelis , or Concaua , or Vena
ramosa , (VICARY-E1-H,70.359)

al is one ; (VICARY-E1-H,70.360)

and he with his rootes draweth out al the blood ingendred from the
<P_71> Lyuer , (VICARY-E1-H,71.361)

and with his braunches ramefying vpwardes and downewardes , carieth and
conueyeth it to al other members of the body to be nourished with ,
where is made perfect the thirde digestion . (VICARY-E1-H,71.362)

And also there goeth from the Lyuer , veines bearing the superfluities
of the thirde digestion to their proper places , as it shal be declared
hereafter . (VICARY-E1-H,71.363)