<P_42>

The partes of the mouth are fyue , that is to say , the Lippes , the
teeth , the toung , the Uuila , and the Pallet of the mouth .
(VICARY-E1-P2,42.2)

And first to speake of the lippes : they are members consimile or
official , full of Musculus fleshe , as is aforesayde ,
(VICARY-E1-P2,42.3)

and they were ordeyned for two causes ; (VICARY-E1-P2,42.4)

one is , that they should be to the mouth as a doore to a house , and
to keepe the mouth close tyl the meate were kindly chewed :
(VICARY-E1-P2,42.5)

The other cause is , that they should be helpers to the pronouncing of
the speache . (VICARY-E1-P2,42.6)

The teeth are members consimile or official , spermatike , and hardest
of any other members , (VICARY-E1-P2,42.7)

and are fastened in the cheke bones , (VICARY-E1-P2,42.8)

and were ordeyned for three causes : (VICARY-E1-P2,42.9)

First , that they should chewe a mans meate , or it should passe downe
, that it might be the sooner digested : (VICARY-E1-P2,42.10)

The seconde , that they should be a helpe to the speache ;
(VICARY-E1-P2,42.11)

for they that lacke their Teeth , doe not perfectly pronounce their
wordes : (VICARY-E1-P2,42.12)

the thirde is , that they should serue to beasts as weapons .
(VICARY-E1-P2,42.13)

The number of them is vncertayne ; (VICARY-E1-P2,42.14)

for some men haue mo , and some lesse ; (VICARY-E1-P2,42.15)

they that haue the whole number haue .xxxij. , that is to say .xvj.
<P_43> aboue , and as many beneath , as thus , two <font> Duvallies
</font> , two <font> Quadripulles </font> , two <font> Cannines </font>
, eyght <font> Morales {COM:sic} </font> , and two <font> Cansales
</font> . (VICARY-E1-P2,43.16)

The Toung is a carnous member , compounde and made of many Nerues ,
Lygamentes , Veines and Arteirs , ordeyned principally for three causes
: (VICARY-E1-P2,43.17)

The first is , that when a man eateth , the Toung mighte helpe to turne
the meate tyll it were wel chewed : (VICARY-E1-P2,43.18)

The seconde cause is , that by him is receiued the taste of sweete and
sowre , and presented by him to the common wittes :
(VICARY-E1-P2,43.19)

The thirde is , that by him is pronounced euery speach .
(VICARY-E1-P2,43.20)

The fleshly parte of the toung is white , (VICARY-E1-P2,43.21)

and hath in him nine muskles ; (VICARY-E1-P2,43.22)

and about the roote of him is Glandulus , in the whiche be two welles ,
(VICARY-E1-P2,43.23)

and they be euer ful of spittle , to temper and keepe moyst the toung ,
(VICARY-E1-P2,43.24)

or els it would waxe dry by reason of his labour , &c .
(VICARY-E1-P2,43.25)

The Uuila is a member made of a spongeous fleshe , hanging downe from
the ende of the Pallet ouer the goulet of the throte ,
(VICARY-E1-P2,43.26)

and is a member in complexion colde and dry ; (VICARY-E1-P2,43.27)

and oftentimes when there falleth rawnes or muche moystnes into it from
the head , then it hangeth downe in the throte , (VICARY-E1-P2,43.28)

and letteth a man to swallowe ; (VICARY-E1-P2,43.29)

and it is broade at the vpper ende , and smal at the nether .
(VICARY-E1-P2,43.30)

It was ordeyned for diuers causes : (VICARY-E1-P2,43.31)

One is , that by him is holpen the sounde of speache ;
(VICARY-E1-P2,43.32)

for where the Uuila is lacking , there lacketh the perfect sound of
speache : (VICARY-E1-P2,43.33)

Another is , that it might helpe the prolation of vomites :
(VICARY-E1-P2,43.34)

another is , that by him is tempered and abated the distemperaunce of
the ayre that passeth to the Lunges : (VICARY-E1-P2,43.35)

another is , that by <P_44> him is guyded the superfluities of the
brayne that commeth from the coletures of the Nose ;
(VICARY-E1-P2,44.36)

or els the superfluities should fal down sodenly into the mouth , the
which were a displeasure . (VICARY-E1-P2,44.37)

The Pallet of the mouth conteyneth nothing els but a carnous Pannikle ;
(VICARY-E1-P2,44.38)

and the bones that be vnderneath it haue two diuisions , One along the
Pallet from the diuision of the Nose , and from the opening of the
other Mandible vnto the nether ende of the Pallet , lacking halfe an
inch ; (VICARY-E1-P2,44.39)

and there it diuideth ouerthwart ; (VICARY-E1-P2,44.40)

and the first diuision is of the Mandible , (VICARY-E1-P2,44.41)

and the seconde is of the bone called Paxillarie or Bazillarie , that
sustayneth and byndeth al other bones of the head together .
(VICARY-E1-P2,44.42)

The skinne of the Pallet of the mouth is of the inner parte of the
stomack and of Myre , and of Ysofagus , that is , the way of the meate
into the stomacke . (VICARY-E1-P2,44.43)

The way how to know that such a pannicle is of that part of the
stomacke , may be knowen when that a man is touched within the mouth ,
anone he beginneth to tickle in the stomacke ; (VICARY-E1-P2,44.44)

and the neere that he shal touche vnto the throte , the more it
abhorreth the stomacke , (VICARY-E1-P2,44.45)

and often times it causeth the stomacke to yeld from him that is within
him , as when a man doth vomite . (VICARY-E1-P2,44.46)

Also in the mouth is ended the vppermoste extremitie of the Wesande ,
which is called Myre or Isofagus . (VICARY-E1-P2,44.47)

And with hym is conteyned <font> Trachia arteria </font> , that is ,
the way of the ayre , whose holes be couered with a lap like a tong ,
(VICARY-E1-P2,44.48)

and is gristly , that the meate and drinke mighte slyde ouer him into
Isofagus : The <P_45> whiche grystle , when a man speaketh , it is
reared vp , and couereth the way of the meate : and when a man
swalloweth the meate , then it couereth the way of the ayre , so that
when the one is couered , the other is discouered .
(VICARY-E1-P2,45.49)

For if a man open the way of the ayre when he swalloweth , if there fal
a crum into it , he shal neuer cease coughing vntil it be vp agayne .
(VICARY-E1-P2,45.50)

And this suffiseth for the necke . (VICARY-E1-P2,45.51)

<heading:edcomment:CHAPTER_VI>

<heading>

<font> Heereafter foloweth the </font> Anatomie of the Necke .
(VICARY-E1-P2,45.54)

</heading>

The Necke foloweth next to be spoken of . (VICARY-E1-P2,45.56)

Galen proueth that the Necke was made for no other cause but for the
Lunges ; (VICARY-E1-P2,45.57)

for al thinges that haue no Lungs , haue neither necke nor voyce ,
except fishe . (VICARY-E1-P2,45.58)

And you shal vnderstande , that the necke is all that is conteyned
betweene the head and the shoulders , and betweene the chinne and the
brest . (VICARY-E1-P2,45.59)

It is compounde and made of foure thinges , that is to say , of <font>
Spondillus </font> , or <font> Seruicibus </font> , or <font> Gula
</font> , and of <font> Gutture </font> , the which shal be declared
more playnely hereafter ; (VICARY-E1-P2,45.60)

and through these , passe the waye of the meate and of the ayre ;
(VICARY-E1-P2,45.61)

but they be not of the substance of the necke . (VICARY-E1-P2,45.62)

The Spondelles of the necke be seuen : (VICARY-E1-P2,45.63)

The fyrst is ioyned vnto the lower parte of the head , called
Paxillarie or Bazillarie , (VICARY-E1-P2,45.64)

and in the same wise are ioyned euery Spondel with other , and the
laste of the seuen with the fyrst of the Backe or Ridge :
(VICARY-E1-P2,45.65)

and the Lygamentes that keepe these Spondels together , are not so hard
and tough as those of the backe : (VICARY-E1-P2,45.66)

for why ? those of the necke be more feebler and subtiller :
(VICARY-E1-P2,45.67)

The cause <P_46> is this , (VICARY-E1-P2,46.68)

for it is necessary otherwhile that the head moue without the necke ,
and the necke without the head , the whiche might not well haue beene
done if they had beene strong and boystrous . (VICARY-E1-P2,46.69)

Of these aforesayd seuen Spondels of the necke , there springeth seuen
payre of Senewes , the whiche be diuided into the head and into the
Vysage , to the shoulders , and to the armes . (VICARY-E1-P2,46.70)

From the hole of the first spondel springeth the fyrst payre of senewes
, betwene the fyrst spondel and the seconde ; (VICARY-E1-P2,46.71)

and so foorth of al the rest in like maner as of these .
(VICARY-E1-P2,46.72)

Also these senewes receyue subtil wylle of the senewes of the Brayne ;
of the which wylle , and senewes , and fleshe , with a pannikle , make
the composition of Muskels , Lazartes , and Brawnes , the which three
thinges be al one , and be the instrumentes of voluntarie mouing of
euery member . (VICARY-E1-P2,46.73)

The Muskles of the neck , after Galen , are numbred to be .xx. mouing
the head and the necke . (VICARY-E1-P2,46.74)

Likewise it is to be noted , that there be three maner of fleshes in
the necke : (VICARY-E1-P2,46.75)

the first is called <font> Pixwex </font> or Seruisis ,
(VICARY-E1-P2,46.76)

and it is called of Chylder ' Golde heire , or yellow heire , ' the
whiche are certayne longitudinales lying on the sides of the Spondels
from the head downe to the latter Spondel . (VICARY-E1-P2,46.77)

And they are ordeyned for this cause , that when the Senewes be weery
of ouer muche labour with mouing and $trauayle , that they might rest
vpon them as vpon a bedde . (VICARY-E1-P2,46.78)

The second fleshe is musculus , from whome springeth the Tendons and
cordes that moue the head and the necke , whiche be numbred twentie ,
as is afore declared : (VICARY-E1-P2,46.79)

The thirde fleshe replenisheth the voyde places , &c .
(VICARY-E1-P2,46.80)

The thirde parte of the necke is <P_47> called <font> Gutture </font> ,
(VICARY-E1-P2,47.81)

and it is the standing out of the throte boll . (VICARY-E1-P2,47.82)

The fourth part is called <font> Gula </font> , and the hinder parte
{COM:is_called} <font> Ceruix </font> , (VICARY-E1-P2,47.83)

and hath that name of the Philosophers , because of the marowe comming
to the Ridge bones . (VICARY-E1-P2,47.84)

It is so called , because it is <paren> as it were </paren> a seruaunt
to the brayne : (VICARY-E1-P2,47.85)

For the necke receiueth and taketh of the brayne , influence of vertue
of mouing , (VICARY-E1-P2,47.86)

and sendeth it by senewes to other parts of the body downwardes , and
to al members of the body . (VICARY-E1-P2,47.87)

Heere you shal vnderstand , that the way of the meate , & Mire or
Isofagus , is al one thing ; (VICARY-E1-P2,47.88)

and it is to be noted , that it stretcheth from the mouth to the
stomache , by the hinder part of the necke inwardly , fastned to the
spondels of the necke , vntyl he come to the fyfthe spondel ,
(VICARY-E1-P2,47.89)

and there he leaueth the spondel , (VICARY-E1-P2,47.90)

and stretcheth tyl he come to the $formost part of the brest , &
passeth through Diafragina tyl it come to the mouth of the stomacke ,
(VICARY-E1-P2,47.91)

and there he is ended . (VICARY-E1-P2,47.92)

Furthermore it is to be noted , that this Wesande is compounde and made
of two Tunikles or Cotes , that is to say , of the inner and of the
vtter . (VICARY-E1-P2,47.93)

The vtter tunikle is but simple , (VICARY-E1-P2,47.94)

for he needeth no retention but onely for his owne nourishing :
(VICARY-E1-P2,47.95)

but the inner Tunikle is compounde and made of Musculus Longitudinal
Wyl , by which he may drawe the meate from the mouth into the stomack ,
as it shal be more playnely declared in the Anatomie of the stomacke .
(VICARY-E1-P2,47.96)

Furthermore , <font> Caua pulmonis via , trachia arteria </font> , al
<P_48> these be one thing , that is to say , the throte boll ;
(VICARY-E1-P2,48.97)

and it is set within the necke besides y=e= Wesande towardes <font>
Gula </font> , (VICARY-E1-P2,48.98)

and is compounde of the grystle knytte eache with other .
(VICARY-E1-P2,48.99)

And that pannikle that is meane betweene the Wesand and the throte bol
, is called <font> Isinon </font> . (VICARY-E1-P2,48.100)

Also ye shal vnderstand , that the great Veines which ramefie by the
sydes of the necke to the vpper part of the head , is of some men
called <font> Gwidege </font> , & of others <font> Vena organices
</font> , the incision of whom is perillous . (VICARY-E1-P2,48.101)

And thus it is to be considered , that the Necke of man is compounde
and made of skinny fleshe , Ligamentes , and bones .
(VICARY-E1-P2,48.102)

And this suffiseth for the necke and the throte . (VICARY-E1-P2,48.103)

<heading:edcomment:CHAPTER_VII>

<heading>

<font> The Anatomie of the </font> Shoulders and Armes .
(VICARY-E1-P2,48.106)

</heading>

And fyrst to speake of the bones : It is to be noted , that in the
shoulder there be two bones , that is to say , the Shoulder bone , and
the Cannel bone ; (VICARY-E1-P2,48.108)

and also the adiutor bone of the arme are ioyned with y=e= shoulder
bones , (VICARY-E1-P2,48.109)

but they are not-1 numbred among them , but amongst the bones of the
armes . (VICARY-E1-P2,48.110)

In the composition of the shoulder , the fyrst bone is <font> Os
spatula </font> , or shoulder blade , whose hinder part is declined
towards y=e= chinne , (VICARY-E1-P2,48.111)

& in that ende it is broade , & thin , (VICARY-E1-P2,48.112)

and in the vpper part it is round , in whose roundnes is a concauitie ,
which is called y=e= boxe or coope of the shoulder , into which
entereth the Adiutor bones ; (VICARY-E1-P2,48.113)

and they haue a bynding $together {TEXT:togethers} <P_49> with strong
flexible Senewes , (VICARY-E1-P2,49.114)

and are conteyned faste with the bone called <font> Clauicula </font> ,
or the Cannel bone : (VICARY-E1-P2,49.115)

and this Cannel bone stretcheth to bothe the shoulders , one ende to
the one shoulder , and another to the other ; (VICARY-E1-P2,49.116)

and there they make the composition of the shoulders .
(VICARY-E1-P2,49.117)

The bones of the great arme , that is to say , from the shoulder to the
fingers endes , be .xxx . (VICARY-E1-P2,49.118)

The first is the Adiutor bone , whose vpper ende entreth into the
concauitie or boxe of the shoulder bone : (VICARY-E1-P2,49.119)

It is but one bone , hauing no felowe , (VICARY-E1-P2,49.120)

and it is hollowe , and ful of marowe ; (VICARY-E1-P2,49.121)

and it is also crooked , because it shoulde be the more habler to grype
thinges ; (VICARY-E1-P2,49.122)

and it is hollowe , because it should be lighter and more obedient to
the steering or mouing of the Brawnes . (VICARY-E1-P2,49.123)

Furthermore , this bone hath two emynences , or two knobs in his nether
extremitie , or in the iuncture of the Elbowe , of the which the one is
more rising then the other , (VICARY-E1-P2,49.124)

and are made lyke vnto a Polly to drawe water with ;
(VICARY-E1-P2,49.125)

and the endes of these bones enter into a concauitie proportioned in
the vppermoste endes of the two Focel bones ; of whiche two bones , the
lesse goeth from the Elbowe to the Thombe , by the vppermoste part of
the arme , and the greater is the nether bone from the Elbowe to the
little finger . (VICARY-E1-P2,49.126)

And these two bones be conteyned with the Adiutor bone ,
(VICARY-E1-P2,49.127)

and bee bounde with strong Ligamentes , and in like maner with the
bones of the hande . The whiche bones be numbred .viij. ;
(VICARY-E1-P2,49.128)

the .iiij. <P_50> vppermost be ioyned with the .iiij. nethermost
towardes the handes : (VICARY-E1-P2,50.129)

and in the thirde warde of bones , be .v. (VICARY-E1-P2,50.130)

and they are called <font> Ossa patinis </font> , (VICARY-E1-P2,50.131)

and they are in the palme of the hande . (VICARY-E1-P2,50.132)

And to them be ioyned the bones of the Fingers and the Thombes , as
thus ; in euery fynger .iii. bones , and in the thombe two bones : that
is to say , in the fingers and thombe of euery hand .xiiij. called
<font> Ossa digitorum </font> ; in the palm of the hand .v. called
<font> Patinis ; </font> and betweene the hande and the wryste , .viij.
called <font> Racete ; </font> and from the wryst to the shoulder .iij.
bones : al which beeing accompted together , ye shal finde thirtie
bones in eche hand and arme . (VICARY-E1-P2,50.133)

To speake of Senewes , Lygamentes , Cordes and Brawnes : Here fyrst ye
shal vnderstand that there commeth from Mynuca , thorowe the Spondels
of the necke , foure senewes , which most playnly do appeare in sight ,
as thus : (VICARY-E1-P2,50.134)

one commeth into the vpper parte of the arme , another into the nether
parte , and one into the inner side , and another into the vtter side
of y=e= arme ; (VICARY-E1-P2,50.135)

and they bring from the brayne and from Minuca , both feeling and
mouing into the armes , as thus : (VICARY-E1-P2,50.136)

The senewes that come from the Brayne and from the marow of the backe
that is called Minuca , when they come to the iuncture of the shoulder
, there they are mixed with the Lygamentes of the selfe shoulder ,
(VICARY-E1-P2,50.137)

and there the Lygamentes receyue both feeling and mouing of them ;
(VICARY-E1-P2,50.138)

and also in their medling together , they are made a Corde or a Tendon
. (VICARY-E1-P2,50.139)

Three <P_51> causes I find why the senewes were medled with the
Lygamentes : (VICARY-E1-P2,51.140)

The first cause is , that the excellent feeling of the senewes , whiche
many waies be made weery by their continual mouing , should be
repressed by the insenciblenesse of the Lygaments :
(VICARY-E1-P2,51.141)

The seconde is , that the littlenesse of the Senewes shoulde be
fulfilled through the quantitie of the Lygaments .
(VICARY-E1-P2,51.142)

The third is , the feeblenesse of the senewe , that is insufficiente
and too feeble to vse his offices , but by the strength and hardnes of
the Lygamentes . (VICARY-E1-P2,51.143)

Nowe to declare what a Corde is , what a Ligament , and what a Muskle
or a Brawne , it is ynough rehearsed in the Chapter of the Simple
members . (VICARY-E1-P2,51.144)

But if you wyl , thorough the commaundement of the Wyl or of the Soule
, drawe the arme to the hinder part of the body , then the vtter Brawne
is drawen together , (VICARY-E1-P2,51.145)

and the inner is inlarged : (VICARY-E1-P2,51.146)

And likewise inwards , when the one brawne dothe drawe inwardes , the
other doth stretche ; (VICARY-E1-P2,51.147)

& when the arme is stretched in length , then the Cordes be lengthened
: (VICARY-E1-P2,51.148)

but when they passe the iuncture of the shoulder and of the Elbowe , by
three fingers breadth or thereabout , then it is deuided by subtill wyl
, and medled with the simple fleshe : (VICARY-E1-P2,51.149)

and that whiche is made of it is called a Brawne .
(VICARY-E1-P2,51.150)

And three causes I find why that the simple fleshe is medled with the
Corde in the composition of the brawne : (VICARY-E1-P2,51.151)

The fyrst is , that the aforesayde Wylle might drawe in quiet through
the temperaunce of the fleshe . (VICARY-E1-P2,51.152)

The seconde is , that they temper and abate the drought of the cord
with his moystnes , the which drought he getteth through his manifold
mouing . (VICARY-E1-P2,51.153)

The thirde is , that the forme of the brawny members shoulde be the
more fayre , and of better shape : wherefore God and nature haue
clothed it with a Panikle , that it might be the better kept .
(VICARY-E1-P2,51.154)

And it is called of <P_52> y=e= Philosophers ' Musculus , ' because it
hath a forme like vnto a Mouse . (VICARY-E1-P2,52.155)

And when these Brawnes come neere a Ioynt , then the Cordes spring
foorth of them , (VICARY-E1-P2,52.156)

and are medled with the Lygaments agayne , (VICARY-E1-P2,52.157)

and so moueth that Ioynt . (VICARY-E1-P2,52.158)

And so ye shall vnderstande , that alwayes betweene euery two Ioyntes ,
is ingendred a Brawne , proportioned to the same member and place ,
vnto the last extremitie of the fingers , so that aswell the least
iuncture hath a proper feeling and mouing when it needeth , as hath the
greatest . (VICARY-E1-P2,52.159)

And after Guydo , there be numbred .xiiij. in the arme and hande , as
thus : .iiij. in the Adiutor , mouing the vpper part of the arme : and
.iiij. in the Focels , mouing that part of the arme : and fiue in the
hande , mouing the fyngers . (VICARY-E1-P2,52.160)

Now to speake somewhat of the Veynes and Arteirs of the arme : It is to
be vnderstoode , that from <font> Venakelis </font> there commeth two
braunches , (VICARY-E1-P2,52.161)

the one commeth to the one arme pyt , (VICARY-E1-P2,52.162)

and the other commeth to the other . (VICARY-E1-P2,52.163)

And nowe marke the spreading ; (VICARY-E1-P2,52.164)

for as it is of the one , so it is of the other , as thus :
(VICARY-E1-P2,52.165)

when the braunch is in the arme pyt , there he is deuyded into two
braunches ; (VICARY-E1-P2,52.166)

the one braunche goeth along in the inner side of the arme vntil it
come to the bought of the arme , (VICARY-E1-P2,52.167)

and there it is called <font> Bazilica </font> or <font> Epatica
</font> , (VICARY-E1-P2,52.168)

<P_53>

and so goeth downe the arme til it come to the wryst ,
(VICARY-E1-P2,53.170)

and there it is turned to the backe of the hand , (VICARY-E1-P2,53.171)

and is found betwene the little fynger and the next ,
(VICARY-E1-P2,53.172)

and there it is called <font> Saluatella </font> .
(VICARY-E1-P2,53.173)

Nowe to the other braunche that is in the arme hole , which spreadeth
to the vtter side of the shoulder , (VICARY-E1-P2,53.174)

and there he deuideth in two : (VICARY-E1-P2,53.175)

y=e= one goeth spreading vp into y=e= carnous parte of the head ,
(VICARY-E1-P2,53.176)

and after discendeth through the bone into the Brayne , as is declared
in the Anatomie of the head : (VICARY-E1-P2,53.177)

The other braunche goeth on the outward side of the arme ,
(VICARY-E1-P2,53.178)

and there he is deuided in two also ; (VICARY-E1-P2,53.179)

the one parte is ended at the hande , (VICARY-E1-P2,53.180)

and the other part is folded about the arme , tyl it appeare in the
bought of the arme , (VICARY-E1-P2,53.181)

and there it is called <font> Sephalica : </font> (VICARY-E1-P2,53.182)

from thence it goeth to the backe of the hande , (VICARY-E1-P2,53.183)

& appeareth betweene the thombe and the formost fynger ;
(VICARY-E1-P2,53.184)

and there it is called <font> Sephalica occularis </font> .
(VICARY-E1-P2,53.185)

The two braunches that I spake of , whiche be diuided in the hinder
part of the shoulders ; from eche of these two <paren> I say </paren>
springeth one ; (VICARY-E1-P2,53.186)

and those two meete together , (VICARY-E1-P2,53.187)

and make one veyne , <P_54> which appeareth in the bought of the arme ,
(VICARY-E1-P2,54.188)

and there it is called <font> Mediana </font> , or <font> Cordialis
</font> , or <font> Commine </font> . (VICARY-E1-P2,54.189)

And thus it is to be vnderstoode , that of <font> vena Sephalica
</font> springeth <font> vena occularis ; </font> and of <font> vena
Bazilica </font> springeth <font> vena Saluatella ; </font> and of the
two veynes that meete , springeth <font> vena Mediana ; </font>
(VICARY-E1-P2,54.190)

and in ramefying from these fyue principal Veines springeth innumerable
, of the whiche a Chirurgion hath no great charge ,
(VICARY-E1-P2,54.191)

for it suffiseth vs to knowe the principale . (VICARY-E1-P2,54.192)

To speake of Arteirs , you shall vnderstande , that wheresoeuer there
is founde a Veine , there is an Arteire vnder him :
(VICARY-E1-P2,54.193)

and if there be founde a great Veine , there is found a great Arteir ;
(VICARY-E1-P2,54.194)

and where as is a little Veine there is a little Arteir :
(VICARY-E1-P2,54.195)

For whersoeuer there goeth a veine to geue nutriment , there goeth an
Arteir to bring the spirite of lyfe . Wherfore it is to be noted , that
the Arteirs lye more deeper in the flesh then the Veines doo :
(VICARY-E1-P2,54.196)

for they cary and kepe in them more precious blood than doth the Veine
; (VICARY-E1-P2,54.197)

and therefore he hath neede to be further from daungers outwardly :
(VICARY-E1-P2,54.198)

and therefore God and Nature haue ordeyned for him to be closed in two
cotes , where the Veine hath but one , &c . (VICARY-E1-P2,54.199)

{COM:insert_helsinki_sample}

<P_71>

Nowe to speake of the Gal , or the chest of the Gal :
(VICARY-E1-P2,71.202)

it is an official member , (VICARY-E1-P2,71.203)

and it is spermatike and senowy , (VICARY-E1-P2,71.204)

and hath in it a subtil wyl ; (VICARY-E1-P2,71.205)

and it is a purse or a pannicular vesike in the holownesse of the Lyuer
, about the middle particle or lobe , ordeyned to receyue the Cholerike
superfluities which are ingendred in the Lyuer . The which purse or
bagge hath three holes or neckes : (VICARY-E1-P2,71.206)

by the fyrste , he draweth to him from the Lyuer the choler , that the
blood be not hurt by the choler : (VICARY-E1-P2,71.207)

by the seconde necke , he sendeth to the bottome of the stomacke ,
Choler to further the digestion of the stomacke : (VICARY-E1-P2,71.208)

And by the third neck , he sendeth the choler regularly from one gutte
to another , to chense them of their superfluities and drosse :
(VICARY-E1-P2,71.209)

and the quantitie of the purse may conteyne in it halfe a pinte , &c .
(VICARY-E1-P2,71.210)

And next is the Splen or the Milte , the which is a spermatike member ,
as are other members , and official , and is the receptory of the
melancolious superfluities that are ingendred in the Liuer .
(VICARY-E1-P2,71.211)

And his place is on the lefte side transuerslye lincked to the stomacke
, (VICARY-E1-P2,71.212)

and his substaunce is thinne . (VICARY-E1-P2,71.213)

And two causes I finde why he was ordeyned there :
(VICARY-E1-P2,71.214)

The first is , that by the melancolious superfluities that are
ingendred of the Lyuer which he draweth to him , he is nourished with :
(VICARY-E1-P2,71.215)

The seconde cause is , that the nutritiue blood should by <P_72> him be
made the more purer and cleane , from the drosse and thicking of
melancolie , &c . (VICARY-E1-P2,72.216)

And next of the Reynes and Kidnes : (VICARY-E1-P2,72.217)

It is to be vnderstoode , that within the region of the Nutrites
backwardes , are ordeyned the Kidnes , to clense the blood from the
waterie superfluities , (VICARY-E1-P2,72.218)

And they haue ech of them two passages , or holes , or neckes :
(VICARY-E1-P2,72.219)

by the one is drawen the water from Venakelis by two veynes , whiche
are called <font> vena emulgentes </font> , the length of a fynger of a
man , (VICARY-E1-P2,72.220)

and issueth from the Liuer : (VICARY-E1-P2,72.221)

and by the other is sente the same water to the Bladder ,
(VICARY-E1-P2,72.222)

and is called <font> Poros vrithides </font> . (VICARY-E1-P2,72.223)

The substaunce of the Kidnes is Lazartus fleshe , hauing Longitudinal
wyl . (VICARY-E1-P2,72.224)

And their place is behinde on eache side of the Spondles ,
(VICARY-E1-P2,72.225)

and they are two in number ; (VICARY-E1-P2,72.226)

and the righte Kidney lyeth somewhat hyer then the lefte ,
(VICARY-E1-P2,72.227)

and is bounde fast to the backe with Lygamentes . (VICARY-E1-P2,72.228)

The Philosopher sayth , that mans kidneys are like to the kidnes of a
Cowe , ful of harde knottes , hauing in him many harde concauities ,
(VICARY-E1-P2,72.229)

and therefore the sores of them be harde to cure .
(VICARY-E1-P2,72.230)

Also they are more harder in substaunce then any other fleshy member ,
(VICARY-E1-P2,72.231)

and that for two causes : (VICARY-E1-P2,72.232)

one is , that he bee not muche hurt of the sharpnesse of the vrin :
(VICARY-E1-P2,72.233)

The other is , that the same vrin that passeth from him might the
better be altered and clensed throughe the <P_73> same .
(VICARY-E1-P2,73.234)

Also there commeth from the harte to eche of the kydnes an Arteir ,
that bringeth with him blood , heate , spirite , and lyfe .
(VICARY-E1-P2,73.235)

And in the same maner there commeth a veyne from the Lyuer , that
bringeth blood to nourishe the kydnes , called ' blood nutrimental . '
(VICARY-E1-P2,73.236)

The grease of these kydnes or fatnes is as of other inwarde members ,
(VICARY-E1-P2,73.237)

but it is an official member , made of thinne blood , congeled & cruded
through colde : (VICARY-E1-P2,73.238)

and there is ordeyned the greater quantitie in his place , because it
should receayue and temper the heate of the kydnes , which they haue of
the biting sharpnesse of the water . (VICARY-E1-P2,73.239)

Nowe by the kydnes vpon the Spondels passeth <font> Venakelis </font> ,
or <font> venecaua </font> , which is a veyne of a great substaunce ,
(VICARY-E1-P2,73.240)

for he receyueth al the nutrimental blood from the Lyuer :
(VICARY-E1-P2,73.241)

and from him passeth many smal pypes on euery side ;
(VICARY-E1-P2,73.242)

and at the Spondel betweene the Shoulders , he deuideth him selfe whole
into two great braunches ; (VICARY-E1-P2,73.243)

the one goeth into the one arme , and the other into the other ,
(VICARY-E1-P2,73.244)

and there they deuide them selues into many veynes and branches : as it
is declared in the armes <paren> p. 52 </paren> . (VICARY-E1-P2,73.245)

<heading:edcomment:CHAPTER_IX>

<heading>

<font> The Anatomie of the </font> Hanches and their parts .
(VICARY-E1-P2,73.248)

</heading>

The Hanches are the lower parte of the wombe , ioyning to the Thies ,
and the secret members . (VICARY-E1-P2,73.250)

And three thinges there are to be noted thereof : (VICARY-E1-P2,73.251)

the first is of the partes conteining : (VICARY-E1-P2,73.252)

the seconde is of the partes conteyned : (VICARY-E1-P2,73.253)

and the thirde is of the partes proceeding outwardes .
(VICARY-E1-P2,73.254)

The partes conteyning outwardly be <font> Myrac </font> and <font>
Sifac </font> , the <font> Zirbus </font> , and the bones .
(VICARY-E1-P2,73.255)

The partes conteyned inwardly , are the <font> Vezike </font> , or
bladder , the spermatike vessels , the Matrix in women , <P_74> <font>
Longaon </font> , Nerues , Veynes , and Arteirs dissending downwards .
(VICARY-E1-P2,74.256)

The partes proceeding outwardes , are The Buttockes , and the Muscles
dissending to the Thies , of whiche it is to be spoken of in order .
(VICARY-E1-P2,74.257)

And first of the partes conteyning , as of Myrac , Sifac , and Zirbus ,
there is ynough spoken of in the Anatomie of the wombe .
(VICARY-E1-P2,74.258)

But as for the bones of the Hanches , There be of the partes of the
backe , three Spondels of <font> Ossa sacri </font> , or of the Hanches
, and three <font> cartilaginis </font> spondels of <font> Ossa caude
</font> , called The tayle bonne . (VICARY-E1-P2,74.259)

And thus it is proued , that there is in euery man , woman and childe
.xxx. spondels ; (VICARY-E1-P2,74.260)

and thus they are to be numbered : In the Necke .vij. , in the Ridge
.xij. , in the Reynes .v. , and in the Hanches .vj.
(VICARY-E1-P2,74.261)

And it is to be noted , that euery spondel is hollowe in the middest ,
through which holownesse passeth Nuca from the Brayne , or the marowe
of the backe . (VICARY-E1-P2,74.262)

And some Authors say , that Mynuca is of the same substaunce that the
Brayne is of , (VICARY-E1-P2,74.263)

for it is like in substaunce , (VICARY-E1-P2,74.264)

and in it selfe geueth to the Nerues both-1 the vertue of mouing and
feeling . (VICARY-E1-P2,74.265)

And also euery Spondel is holed on euery side , through the which holes
both Arteirs and veynes doo bring from the hart and the Lyuer both lyfe
& nourishment , like as they doo to the brayne : (VICARY-E1-P2,74.266)

and from the pannicle of Minuca or the marowe of the backe , through
the holes of the sides of the spondels , springeth forth Nerues motiues
; (VICARY-E1-P2,74.267)

and there they intermedle them selues with the strong Lygamentes <P_75>
that be insencible ; (VICARY-E1-P2,75.268)

and so the Lygamentes receayue that feeling of the Nerue which the
Nerue taketh of Mynuca . (VICARY-E1-P2,75.269)

And by this reason may Autors proue , that Mynuca is of the same
substaunce that the Brayne is of , and the panicles of the Nuca is of
the substaunce of the pannikles of the Brayne , &c .
(VICARY-E1-P2,75.270)

And eche of these spondels be bounde fast one with another , so that
one of them maye not wel be moued without another .
(VICARY-E1-P2,75.271)

And so al these spondles together , conteined one by another , are
called y=e= Ridgbone , which is the fundation of al the shape of the
body . (VICARY-E1-P2,75.272)

They , with the laste spondel , be conteyned or ioyned to the bones of
the Hanches , (VICARY-E1-P2,75.273)

and they be the vpholders of al the spondles . (VICARY-E1-P2,75.274)

And these bones be smal towardes the tayle bone , and broade towardes
the Hanches , and before they ioyne and make <font> Os pectinis </font>
. (VICARY-E1-P2,75.275)

And so they be brode in the partes of Iles , (VICARY-E1-P2,75.276)

and therefore some Authors calleth it <font> Ilea </font> .
(VICARY-E1-P2,75.277)

And ech of these two bones toward the lyuer hath a great rounde hole ,
into the whiche is receyued the bone called <font> Vertebra </font> ,
or The whorle bone ; (VICARY-E1-P2,75.278)

Also besides that place there is a great hole or way , through the
which passeth from aboue Musculus , veynes and Arteirs , and go into
the Thees . (VICARY-E1-P2,75.279)

And thus it is to be noted , that of this bone <font> Pecten </font> ,
and the bone <font> Vertebra </font> , is made the iuncture of the Thye
. (VICARY-E1-P2,75.280)

<P_76>

Nowe to speake of the parts conteined : The first thing that commeth to
sight is the Bladder , the which is an official member , compounde of
two Neruous Pannicles , in complexion colde and dry , whose necke is
carnous , and hath Muscles to withholde , and to let go :
(VICARY-E1-P2,76.282)

And in men it is long , (VICARY-E1-P2,76.283)

and is conteyned with the yard , passing through <font> Peritoneum ;
</font> (VICARY-E1-P2,76.284)

but in women it is shorter , (VICARY-E1-P2,76.285)

and is conteyned within the <font> Vulua </font> .
(VICARY-E1-P2,76.286)

The place of the bladder is betweene the bone of the Share and the
tayle gutte called <font> Longaon ; </font> (VICARY-E1-P2,76.287)

and in women it is betweene the foresayde Bone and Matrix .
(VICARY-E1-P2,76.288)

And in it is implanted two long vessels comming from the kidnes , whose
names be <font> Torri vrichides </font> , bringing with them the Urin
or water from the kidnes to the bladder , whiche priuily entreth into
the holes of the pannicles of the bladder by a natural mouing betweene
tunicle and tunicle ; (VICARY-E1-P2,76.289)

and there the vrin fyndeth the hole of the nether tunikle ,
(VICARY-E1-P2,76.290)

and there it entreth priuily into the concauitie of the bladder ;
(VICARY-E1-P2,76.291)

and the more that the bladder is filled with vrin , the straighter be
the two tunicles comprised togeather ; (VICARY-E1-P2,76.292)

for the holes of the tunicles be not euen , one agaynst another ;
(VICARY-E1-P2,76.293)

and therefore if the bladder be never so ful , there may none goe backe
agayne . (VICARY-E1-P2,76.294)

The forme of it is rounde ; (VICARY-E1-P2,76.295)

the quantitie is a pitcher full ; in some , more ; & in some , lesse ,
&c . (VICARY-E1-P2,76.296)

Also there is founde two other vessels , called <font> vaza seminaria
</font> , or the spermatike vessels . (VICARY-E1-P2,76.297)

And they come from Venakelis , bringing blood to the Testikles , as wel
in man as in woman , in the which , by his further digestion , it is
made sparme or nature in men . (VICARY-E1-P2,76.298)

They be put outwarde , (VICARY-E1-P2,76.299)

for the Testikles be without ; (VICARY-E1-P2,76.300)

but <P_77> in women it abydeth within , (VICARY-E1-P2,77.301)

for their Testicles stande within , as it shal be declared hereafter .
(VICARY-E1-P2,77.302)

Next foloweth the Matrix in women : (VICARY-E1-P2,77.303)

The Matrix in woman is an official member , compounde and Nerueous ,
and in complexion colde and dry . (VICARY-E1-P2,77.304)

And it is the felde of mans generation ; (VICARY-E1-P2,77.305)

and it is an instrument susceptiue , that is to say , a thing receying
or taking : (VICARY-E1-P2,77.306)

and her proper place is betweene the bladder and the gutte <font>
Longaon : </font> (VICARY-E1-P2,77.307)

the likenes of it is as it were a yarde reuersed or turned inwarde ,
hauing testikles likewise , as aforesaid : (VICARY-E1-P2,77.308)

also the Matrix hath two concauities or selles , and no more ;
(VICARY-E1-P2,77.309)

but al beasts haue as many selles as they haue pappes heades .
(VICARY-E1-P2,77.310)

Also it hath a long necke lyke an vrinal ; (VICARY-E1-P2,77.311)

& in euery necke it hath a mouth , that is to saye , one within , and
an other without . (VICARY-E1-P2,77.312)

The inner in the tyme of conception is shutte , (VICARY-E1-P2,77.313)

and the vtter parte is open , as it was before : (VICARY-E1-P2,77.314)

and it hath in the middest a Lazartus pannicle , whiche is called in
Laten <font> Tentigo </font> . (VICARY-E1-P2,77.315)

And in the creation of this Pannicle is founde two vtilities :
(VICARY-E1-P2,77.316)

The first is , that by it goeth forth the vrin , (VICARY-E1-P2,77.317)

or els it should be shed through out al the Vulua :
(VICARY-E1-P2,77.318)

The seconde is , that when a woman doth set hir thies abrode , it
altereth the ayre that commeth to the Matrix for to temper the heat .
(VICARY-E1-P2,77.319)

Furthermore , the necke that is betweene these two foresayde mouthes ,
in her concauitie hath many inuolutions and pleates , ioyned together
in the maner of Rose leaues before they be fully spread or ripe ,
(VICARY-E1-P2,77.320)

and so they be shut togeather as a Purse mouth , so that nothing may
passe foorth but vrin , vntil the time of chylding .
(VICARY-E1-P2,77.321)

Also about the middle of this necke be certain veynes in Maydens , the
which in tyme of deflouring be corrupt & broken . (VICARY-E1-P2,77.322)

Furthermore , in the <P_78> sides of the vtter mouth of the mouth are
two testicles or stones , and also two vessels of sparme , shorter than
mans vessels ; (VICARY-E1-P2,78.323)

and in time of coyt the womans sperme is shed downe into the bottome of
the Matrix . (VICARY-E1-P2,78.324)

Also from the Lyuer there commeth to the Matrix many veynes , bringing
to the childe nourishing at the time of a womans beeing with childe :
(VICARY-E1-P2,78.325)

and those veynes , at suche time as the Matrix is voyde , bring therto
superfluities from certayne members of the body , whereof are ingendred
womans flowres , &c . (VICARY-E1-P2,78.326)

And forasmuche as it hath pleased almightie God to geue the knowledge
of these his mysteries and workes vnto his creatures in this present
worlde , Here I purpose to declare what thing Embreon is , and his
creation . (VICARY-E1-P2,78.327)

The noble Philosophers , as Galen , Auicen , Bartholomeus , and diuers
other writing vpon this matter , say , That Embreon is a thing
ingendred in the mothers wombe , the original whereof is y=e= sparme of
the man and the woman , of the which is made , by the might and power
of God , in the mothers wombe a chylde , as hereafter more at large
shal be declared . (VICARY-E1-P2,78.328)

First , the feelde of generation called the Matrix , or the mother , is
knowen in the anatomie , whose place is properly betwixt the Bladder
and Longaon in the woman , in which place is sowen , by the tillage of
man , a couenable matter of kindly heate ; (VICARY-E1-P2,78.329)

for kindly heate is cause efficeens bothe-1 of dooing and working , and
spirite that geueth vertue to the body , and gouerneth and ruleth that
vertue : the which seede of generation commeth from al the partes of
the body , both-4 of the <P_79> man and the woman , with consent & wyl
of al members , and is shed into the place of conceyuing , where ,
through the vertue of Nature , it is gathered together in the selles of
the matrix or the mother , in whom - by the way of the working of mans
seede , and by the way of suffering of the womans seede mixte together
, so that eche of them worketh in other , and suffereth in other -
there is ingendred Embreon . (VICARY-E1-P2,79.330)

And further it is to be noted , that this sparme that commeth both-3 of
man and woman , is made & gathered of the most best and purest drops of
blood in all the body ; (VICARY-E1-P2,79.331)

and by the labour and chafing of the testikles or stones , this blood
is turned into another kinde , (VICARY-E1-P2,79.332)

and is made sparme . (VICARY-E1-P2,79.333)

And in man it is hotte , white , & thicke , wherfore it may not spread
nor runne abroade of it selfe , but runneth and taketh temperaunce of
the womans sparme , which hath contrarie qualities ;
(VICARY-E1-P2,79.334)

for the womans sparme is thinner , colder , and feebler .
(VICARY-E1-P2,79.335)

And as some Authors holde opinion , when this matter is gathered into
the right side of the matrix , then it happeneth a male kinde ; and
likewise on the left , the female ; (VICARY-E1-P2,79.336)

and where the vertue is most , there it sauoureth most .
(VICARY-E1-P2,79.337)

And further it is to be noted , that lyke as the Renet of the Cheese
hath by him selfe the way or vertue of working , so hath the mylke by
way of suffering : (VICARY-E1-P2,79.338)

and as the Renet and mylke make the cheese , so doth the sparme of man
and woman make the generation of Embreon , of the which thing springeth
, by the vertue of kindly heate , a certayne skinne or caule , into the
which it lappeth it selfe in , wherewith afterwardes it is tyed to the
mothers wombe , the whiche couering commeth foorth with the byrth of
the childe ; (VICARY-E1-P2,79.339)

and if it happen that any of the skinne remaine after the byrth of the
childe , then is the woman in peril of her lyfe . (VICARY-E1-P2,79.340)

<P_80>

Furthermore it is sayde , that of this Embreon is ingendred the Hart ,
the Lyuer , the Brayne , Nerues , veynes , Arteirs , Cordes ,
Lygamentes , Skinnes , Gristles , & Bones , receyuing to them by kindly
vertue the menstrual blood , of whiche is ingendred both fleshe and
fatnes . (VICARY-E1-P2,80.342)

And as wryters say , the fyrst thing that is shapen be the principals ,
as is the Harte , Lyuer , and Brayne . (VICARY-E1-P2,80.343)

For of the Hart springeth the Arteirs , of the Lyuer the Veynes , and
of the Brayne the Nerues : (VICARY-E1-P2,80.344)

and when these are made , Nature maketh & shapeth Bones and grystles to
keepe & saue them , as the bones of the head for the Brayne , the
Brest-bones and the Ribbes for the Harte and the Lyuer .
(VICARY-E1-P2,80.345)

And after these springeth al other member , one after another .
(VICARY-E1-P2,80.346)

And thus is the childe bred foorth in four degrees , as thus :
(VICARY-E1-P2,80.347)

The first is , when sayde sparme or seede is at the fyrst as it were
mylke : (VICARY-E1-P2,80.348)

The seconde is , when it is turned from that kinde into another kinde ,
(VICARY-E1-P2,80.349)

$it is yet but as a lumpe of blood ; (VICARY-E1-P2,80.350)

and this is called of Ypocras , <font> Fettus : </font>
(VICARY-E1-P2,80.351)

The thirde degree is , when the principals be shapen , as the Hart ,
lyuer , and Brayne : (VICARY-E1-P2,80.352)

The fourth and laste , as when al the other members be perfectly shapen
, then it receyeth the soule with life and breath ;
(VICARY-E1-P2,80.353)

and then it beginneth to moue it-selfe alone . (VICARY-E1-P2,80.354)

Nowe in these foure degrees aforesayde , in the fyrst , as milke , it
containeth vij. dayes : in the seconde , as Feetus , ix. dayes : in the
thirde , as a lumpe of fleshe ingendring the principals , the space of
ix. dayes : (VICARY-E1-P2,80.355)

and the fourth , vnto the tyme of ful perfection of al the whole
members , is the space of xviij. dayes : (VICARY-E1-P2,80.356)

So is there xlvj. dayes from the day of conception vnto the day of ful
perfection and receyuing of the soule , as God best knoweth .
(VICARY-E1-P2,80.357)