ABBREVIATIONS
1. LANGUAGE TITLES
Ag.S. Anglo Saxon
Arm. Armenian
Br. Breton
Bulg. Bulgarian
Ch.Sl. Church Slavonic
Cor. Cornish
Corn. Cornish
Dan. Danish
Dial. Dialectic, belonging to a dialect
Du. Dutch
E. Early, as E.Eng.= Early English
Eng. English
Fr. French
G. Gaelic
Gaul. Gaulish
Ger. German
Got. Gothic
H. High, as H.G.= High German
Heb. Dialects of the Hebridees
Hes. Hesychius
I.E. Indo-European
Ir. Irish
Ital. Italian
L. Late, as L.Lat.= Late Latin
Lat. Latin
Lett. Lettic
Lit. Lithuanian
M. Middle, as M.Ir.= Middle Irish
Mod. Modern
N. Norse
N. New, as N.Slav.= New Slavonic
N.H. Dialects of the Northern Highlands
O. Old, as O.Ir.= Old Irish
O.H.G. Old High German
Per. Persian
Pruss. Prussian
Sc. Scottish
Sl. Slavonic
Slav. Slavonic
Slov. Slovenic
Span. Spanish
Sw. Swedish
W. Welsh
Zd. Zend or Old Bactrian
2. BOOKS AND AUTHORITIES
A.M`D Alexander Macdonald's [Gaelic Songs], with vocabulary
Atk. Atkinson's Dictionary to the [Passions and Homilies
from the Leabhar Breac], 1887
Arm.,Arms. Armstrong's [Gaelic Dictionary], 1825
B.of Deer Book of Deer, edited by Stokes in [Goidelica], 1872
Bez.Beit. Bezzenberger's [Beiträge zur Kunde der Idg. Sprachen],
a German periodical still proceeding
C.S. Common Speech, not yet recorded in literature
Celt.Mag The [Celtic Magazine], 13 vols., stopped in 1888
Con. Coneys' [Irish-English Dictionary], 1849
Corm. Cormac's Glossary, published in 1862 and 1868, edited
by Dr Whitely Stokes
D.of L. [The Dean of Lismore's Book], edited in 1862, 1892
Four Mast. Annals of the Four Masters, published in 1848, 1851
Fol. Foley's [English-Irish Dictionary], 1855
Hend. Dr George Henderson, Lecturer in Celtic Languages
and Literature in the University of Glasgow
H.S.D. The Highland Society's [Dictionary of the Gaelic
Language], 1828
Inv.Gael.Soc.Tr Transactions of the Gaelic Society of Inverness, still
proceeding
L.na H. [Lebor na h-uidre], or the Book of the Dun Cow, an
Irish MS of 1100
Lh. Lhuyd's [Archaeologia Brittanica], 1707
Lib.Leinster Book of Leinster, an Irish MS of 1150
M`A. Macalpine's [Gaelic Dictionary], 1832
M`D. Alexander Macdonald's [Gaelick and English Vocabulary],
1741
M`E. M`Eachan's [Faclair], 1862
M`F. M`Farlane's [Focalair] or Gaelic Vocabulary, 1815
M`L. M`Leod and Dewar's [Dictionary of the Gaelic Language],
1831
Nich. Sheriff Nicholson's Gaelic Proverbs
O'Br. O'Brien's [Irish-English Dictionary], 1768 and 1832
O'Cl. O'Clery's Glossary, republished in [Revue Celtique],
Vols. IV, V, date 1643
O'R. O'Reilly's [Irish English Dictionary], 1823
Rev.Celt. [Revue Celtique], a periodical published at Paris, now in
its 17th vol.
R.D. Rob Donn, the Reay Bard; sometimes given as (Suth.)
Rob. Rev. Chas M. Robertson, author of pamphlets on
certain dialects of the Scottish Highlands
S.C.R. The [Scottish Celtic Review], 1 vol., edited by Dr
Cameron, 1885
S.D. [Sean Dana], Ossianic Poems by the Rev Donald Smith
Sh. Shaw's [Gaelic and English Dictionary], 1780
St. Dr Whitley Stokes; see "Authors quoted"
Stew. Vocabulary at the end of Stewart's Gaelic Collection
Wh. John Whyte, Inverness; sometimes entered as (Arg.)
Zeit. Kuhn's [Zeitschrift f. vergl. Sprachforschung], a German
periodical still proceeding
An asterisk (*) denotes always a hypothetical word; the sign (++) denotes
that the word is obsolete. The numeral above the line denotes the number
of the edition or the number of the volume.
AN ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY OF THE GAELIC LANGUAGE
a
, vocative particle, Ir.
a
, O.Ir. [á],
a
; W., Corn., Br.
a
; Lat.
o
; Gr.
w@
?
a
, his, her, Ir.,
a
,
O.Ir. [á], [ái] (accented), W. [ei], Br.
e
,
Celtic [esjo], [esjâs]; Skr. gen. [asyá], [asyâs]. The gen. pl. is
an
, their, O.Ir. [a n-], Celtic [esjon] (Stokes
gives [esan]=Skr. gem. gen. pl. [âsâm]).
a
, who, that (rel. pron.). In G. this is
merely the verbal particle [do] of past time, used also to explain the
aspiration of the future rel. sentence. Oblique cases are done by
[an], [am] (for [san], [sam], O.Ir. [san], [sam]), the neut. of art.
used as rel. (cf. Eng. [that]). The rel. locative is sometimes done
by the prep. [an], [am]: "An coire am bi na caoraich" (1776
Collection, p112).
a
, out of, ex: see
as
.
a
, from, in the advergs
a
nall
,
a nìos
,
a nuas
,
a null
; Ir., O.Ir. [an-], as [anuas], etc.; Celtic
[a(p)ona], a derivative from I.E. [apo], whence Lat. [ab], Gr.
&acom;pó
; Ger. [von], from, is the exact
equivalent of the Celtic. The
a
before [sìos] and
[suas] is due to analogy with [a nìos], [a nuas].
a
, in to, as in
a bhàn
,
a bhos
,
a nis
,
a
stigh
,
a steach
, is the prep.
an
, in, into, q.v.
a
, as in
a rìs
, &c.,
and before verbs, is the prep.
do
, q.v.
a'
, the, at; see [an], the, and [ag], at.
ab
, or
ab ab
, fie! The
Ir. [ab ab], M.Ir. [abb] is an interjection of defiance, [obo], of
wonder; cf. Lat. [babæ], Gr.
babaí
.
Hence doubtless M`A.'s [abab], dirt.
aba
, abbot, Ir. [ab], O.Ir. [abb], W. [abad];
from Lat. [abbas], [abbatis], whence also Eng. [abbot]. Hence
[abaid], abbey. M.Ir. [apdaine], abbacy, in M.G. "abbey lands",
whence placenames Appin, older Abbathania (1310), Abthein (1220),
"abbey lands".
abadh
, syllable, utterance; E.Ir. [apad],
proclamation: [ad-ba-], Celtic [ba], speak; Lat. [fatur], [fama], Eng.
fame.
abaich
, ripe, Ir. [abaidh], M.Ir. [abaid],
E.Ir. [apaig], [*ad-bagi], O.Ir. [apchugud], autumnatio; [*ad-bog-],
Celtic root [bug], as in [bog], q.v.; [ad-bach], root of Eng. [bake];
Gr.
fw/gw
. The W. [addfed] is from a
root [met].
abaideal
, colic (M`A.):
abair
, say, so Ir., O.Ir. [epiur], Celtic
[ád-berô]; Lat. [re-fero]; see root in [beir].
abaisd
, a brat, trifling, impudent person:
abalt
, expert (M`A.); from Sc. [apert]? See
[aparr].
abar
, confluence; only in Pictish place
names: O.Gaelic (B.of Deer) [abbor]; W. [aber], O.W. [aper], Celtic
[ad-bero-], root [ber]; see [beir]. Modern Gaelic pronounces it
obair
(so in 17th cent.), which agrees with the O.W.
[oper]; this suggests [od-bero-], "out flow", as against the "to flow"
of [ad-bero-]. The [od] is for [ud], allied to Eng. [out]. Aporicum:
[*ati-boro-n] (Holden).
abarach
, bold; see [abair] above.
abardair
, dictionary (Shaw); from [abair],
q.v.
abartach
, talkative, bold; from [abair] q.v.
àbh
, hand net; from Norse [háfr], pock-net.
Also
tàbh
, q.v. Spelt less correctly
àmh
and
àbhadh
.
abh
, bark of dog; an onomatopaetic word.
abhainn
, river, Ir. [abhann] (gen. [abhann],
now [aibhne]), O.Ir. [abann], W. [afon], Br. [auon], Gallo-Brit.
[Abona]; Lat. [amnis] ([*ab-nis]). Root [abh]; Sk. [ambhas], water;
Gr.
&acom;fros
(
&ocom;/mbros
, imber) (Zim. Neu., 270).
àbhacas
, sport, irony; see the following
word.>>
àbhachd
, humour, sport, Ir. [adhbhachd]:
abhag
, terrier, Ir. [abhach]; from [abh],
q.v. Cf. E.Ir. [abacc], dwarf; W. [afanc].
abhagas
, rumour, false suspicion:
àbhaist
, custom, Manx [oaysh], Ir. [abhest]
(O'R.), [abaise] (O'B.), [ad-beus]? M.Ir. [ábaisi] (pl.). See [beus],
custom. Ascoli compares the O.Ir. [-abais] of [duabais], teter, and
[suabais], suavis. Meyer suggests from N. [avist], abode : unlikely.
abhall
, an orchard, apple-tree, M.Ir.
[aball], apple-tree. See [ubhal].
abharr
, silly jest (M`A.):
abharsair
, Satan, Ir. [aidhbherseóir], E.Ir.
[adbirseoir]; from Lat. [adversarius] (Eng. [adversary]). Also
aibhistear
.
abhcaid
, a jest; [àbhachd].
abhlan
, wafer, so Ir., O.Ir. [obla], g.
[oblann]; from Lat. [oblationem], an oblation.
abhra
, eyelid; see [fabhra].
abhras
, spinning, produce of distaff, Ir.,
M.Ir. [abhras], O.Ir. [abras], gestus, E.Ir. [abras], handiwork,
spinning, [abairsech], needlewoman. Corm. (B) [abras], who derives it
from L.Lat. [abra], ancilla.
abhsadh
, the slackening of a sail, hoisting
sail (N.H.); from Norse [hálsa], clew up sail, from [hâls], neck,
allied to Lat. [collum]. Eng. [hawser] is also hence. Also
allsadh
.
abhsporag
, a cow's stomach, tripe (H.S.D.),
allsporag
, cow's throttle (M`A.); borrowed
evidently from a Scandinavian compound of [háls], neck. Cf. [abhsadh]
above.
ablach
, a mangled carcase, Ir. [ablach],
carcase: [*ád-bal-ac-], from root [bal], [bel], die, I.E. [gel],
whence Eng, [quell]. Irish has [abailt], death, O.Ir. [epeltu],
[atbail], perit, from the same root and prefix; the first of them
appears in our Gaelic dictionaries through Shaw. From Gaelic comes
Scotch [ablach].
àbran
,
abran
(M`A. and
H.S.D.), an oar-patch on a boat's gunwale; see [aparan].
Abraon
, April, so Ir.; founded on Lat.
[Aprilis] (Eng. [April]). The form is due to folk-etymology, which
relates it to [braon].
abstol
, apostle, Ir. [absdal], O.Ir.
[apstal], W. [apostol]; from Lat. [apostolus], whence Eng. [apostle].
acaid
, a pain, stitch; [*ád-conti-]; see
[urchoid].
acain
, sigh, complaint, E.Ir. [accáine], W.
[achwyn]; [ád+caoin]; see [caoin], weep.
acair
, anchor, Ir. [ancaire], O.Ir. [ingor];
from N. [akkeri]:
acairsaid
, anchorage, from N.
[akkarsaeti], "anchor-seat". From Lat. [ancora], whence Eng.
[anchor].
acair
, acre, Ir. [acra]; from Eng. [acre];
Lat. [ager].
acarach
, gentle; Ir. [acarach], obliging,
convenient, which shades off into [acartha], profit; W. [achar],
affectionate; [ád-car-]; see [càr], friendly. M`A. has
acarra
, moderate in price, indulgence, which belongs to
acartha
.
acaran
, lumber.
acartha
, profit, so Ir.; see [ocar],
interest.
acastair
, axle-tree; borrowed word from Sc.
[ax-tree] of like meaning - Eng. [axle], &c.
ach
, but, Ir. [achd], O.G. (B.of Deer) [act],
O.Ir. [act], [acht], [*ekstos], possibly, from [eks]=[ex]; cf. Gr.
&ecom;któs
, without. For the change of
vowel, cf. [as], from [eks]. The Welsh for "but" is [eithr], from
[ekster]; Lat. [exter-].
ach
, interjection of objection and
impatience; founded on above with leaning upon [och], q.v.>>
achadh
, a field, so Ir., O.G. [achad], O.Ir.
[ached] (locative?) campu lus (Adamnan), [*acoto-]; Lat. [acies],
[acnua], field.
achain
, prayer; dialect for [achuinge], q.v.
acharradh
, dwarf, sprite.
achd
, statute, so Ir., M.Ir. [acht]; from
Lat. [actum], Eng. [act].
achd
, manner, condition, Ir., [achd]; same as
above>>. There may be a native [aktu-] ([*ag-tu], [*pag-tu]?)
underlying some meanings of the word, especially in Irish.
achdarr
,
achdartha
,
methodical, expert (H.S.D.):
achlaid
, chase, pursuit, so Ir., M.Ir.
[acclaid], fishing, E.Ir. [atclaid], fishes, hunts, pursues:
[ad-claidim]; see [claoidh].
achlais
, arm-pit, Ir. [ascall], M.Ir.
[ochsal], W. [cesail]. The divergence from regular philologic
equivalence here proves borrowing - from the Lat. [axilla]; Norse
[öxl], Ger. [achsel], Sc. [oxter].
achlan
, lamentation (M`L.); for [och-lan]?
from [och].
achmhasan
, a rebuke, Ir. [achmhusán], E.Ir.
[athchomsán]; cf. [aithis] for root.
achuinge
, supplication; also
athchuinge
, so Ir., E.Ir. [athchuingid]; [ath+cuinge];
O.Ir. [cuintgim], peto, [con-tek-]; Eng. [thig]. See [atach].
acras
, hunger, Ir. [ocrus], E.Ir. [accorus],
[occorus]: [*ad-co-restu-], possibly the root [pres] of Lat. [premo]:
[*careo] (F
4
. 422).
acuinn
,
acfhuinn
,
apparatus, accoutrements, Ir. [acfuinn], E.Ir. [accmaing], means,
apparatus: [ad-cumang], O.Ir. [cumang], potentia; see further under
[cumhachd].
ad
, hat, M.Ir. [at], W. [het]; from Eng.
[hat], N. [hattr].
ad-
,
adh-
, inseparable
prefix, in force and origin the same as Lat. [ad]. It is to be
separated, though with difficulty, from the [ad-] arising from [aith-]
or [ath-], q.v.
adag
, shock of corn, Ir. [adag]; cf. Sc.
[hat], [hot], [hut], "to put up grain in the field, a small stack
built in the field"; M.E. [hutte], heap.
adag
, a haddock; from the English.
adamant
, adamant, so Ir.; from the English.
adha
,
ae
, liver, Ir.
[aeghe], g. [ae], O.Ir. [óa], [ae], W. [afu], Br. [avu], root [av]/
Cf. [adha] for [ae], [cadha] for [cae].
adhan
, proverb (M`A.); rather
aghan
, root [agh], Lat. [ajo], [adagio], adage; Skr.
[ah], say.
adhal
, flesh hook (Sh.), so Ir., O.Ir. [áel],
tridens: [*pavelo-], Lat. [pavire]? But cf. Eng. [awl], M.E. and
Ag.S. [awel], awl, flesh-hook.
adhaltrach
, adulterous, Ir. [adhaltranach],
E.Ir. [adaltrach]; from Lat. [adulter], whence Eng. [adulterous].
adharc
, horn, so Ir., O.Ir. [adarc: [ad-arc];
root [arq], defend, as in [teasairg], q.v.; Lat. [areceo], &c.
adharcan
, lapwing, "horned bird"; from
[adharc]; Dial.
dhaoireagan
. Ir. [adaircín]
(P.O'C).
adhart
, pillow, so Ir., E.Ir. [adart]:
[ad-art]; [art], stone? See [airtein].
adhart
,
aghart
, "progress"
(Dict.). This is a ghost-word, made from the adverbial phrase [air
adhart], which in M.Ir. is [araird], forward, bring forward; in O.Ir.
[arairt], prorsum. Hence it is [air+àrd], q.v.
adhastar
, halter, Manx [eistyr], Ir.
[aghastor], M.Ir. [adastar]; cf. W. [eddestl], steed.
adhbhal
, vast, awful, so Ir., O.Ir. [adbul]:
[*ad-bol-]; I.E. root [bhel], swell, as in Eng. [bloom], etc. Zimmer
compares it with Skr. [bala], strength. Stokes and Osthoff give root
[bel], [bol], strong, big, Skr. [balam], strength, Gr.
bélteros
, better, Lat. [de-bilis], weak, Ch.Sl.
[bolij&ibreve;], greater; whence
bailceach
(Osthoff) and
bail
,
buil
.
adhlac
, burial, Ir. [adhlacadh], O.Ir.
[adnacul], sepulcrum: [ad-nank-otlo] ([*ad-nagtlo-], Zim.): root verb
[nankô], I bring; Lat. [nanciscor]; further I.E. [nenk], [enk], as in
[thig], q.v.
adhna
, an advocate (Macd.): H.S.D. cfs. Heb.
[adhon], sustentator.
ag
, at, with inf. only; see [aig].
ag
,
agadh
, refusal, doubt;
E.Ir. [ac], refusal, O.Ir. [acc], no! W. [acom], to deny. It is
onomatopoetic? See next.>>
agadh
, hesitancy in speech, Br.
[hak],[hakal]; cf. Skr. [ac], speak indistinctly. See foregoing
word.>>
agair
, plead, so Ir., O.Ir. [acre] (n.), from
[ad-gar-]; root [gar], cry; see [goir].
agallamh
, conversation, Ir. [agallamh], O.Ir.
[acaldam], for [ad-glád-], O.Ir. [ad-gládur], I converse: for root,
see [glaodh].
agh
, a hind, Ir. [agh], O.Ir. [ag], W. [ewig]
([*agîko-]), Celtic [agos-]; Skr. [ajás], buck; Lit. [oz@?ýs], goat.
Zend. [azi], Arm. [ezn] (St.).
àgh
, also
àdh
, happiness,
luck, Manx [aigh], Ir. [ágh], M.Ir. [ada], [buada], late M.Ir. [ád],
luck, [ádh]=sonas (P.O'C); root [āg-], bring; see next.>>
àghach
, warlike, so Ir., E.Ir. [ágach], [ág],
war, [*āgu-]; Skr. [ājís], contest; Gr.
&acom;gw/v
, Eng. [antagonist].
aghaib
, essay (M`A); see [oidheirp].
aghaidh
, face, so Ir., O.Ir. [aged],
[*agitâ]; I.E. roog [ag], lead. It is usually referred to the root
[oq], Lat. [oculus], etc., but the phonetics are unsatisfactory.
aghann
, pan, so Ir., O.Ir., [aigen], Celtic
[aginâ]; Skr. [aga], water jar; Gr.
&acom;/ggos
, a vessel.
agus
, and so Ir., O.Ir. [acus], [ocus], B.of
Deer [acus], O.W. [ac], Br. [hag]; allied is [fagus], near, O.Ir.
[ocus], W. [agos], Br. [hogoz]:
[*aggostu-], [ad-gos-];
root [ges], [gos], carry; Lat. [gero], [aggestu-s], mound (Zimmer).
Stokes refers it to the root [angh], choke, narrow; Celtic [aggúst-],
from pre-Celtic [aghnústu-] (Lat. [angustus]), with accent on
syllable after the root - [gn] with the accent on the following vowel
being supposed, as in Teutonic, to produce [gg]. The derivation from
root [onk], [enk], as in [thig], is not tenable in view of the Welsh.
ai
, sheep, swan (Carm.):
aibheil
, huge (M`E.). See [adhbhal].
aibheis
, sea, the deep; Ir. [aibheis], sea,
abyss; E.Ir. [aibéis], sea. This Stokes refers to a Celtic
[abensi-s], [abhent-ti-s]; root [abh], as in [abhainn]. But cf. O.Ir.
[abis], from Lat. [abyssus]: W. [affwys], bottomless pit.
aibheis
, boasting;
aibhsich
, esaggerate; Ir. [aibhseach], boasting: from
the foregoing?>> Another form of [aibhsich] is
aillsich
.
aibhist
, an old ruin (Stew.):
aibhistear
, the Devil; another form of
[abharsair], q.v.
aibhse
, spectre, so Ir.: see [taibhse].
aibidil
, alphabet, Ir. [aibghitir], O.Ir.
[abbgitir], from L.Lat. [abgetorium], [abecedarium], the
a
,
b
,
c
,
d
, ar alphabet. A dialectic form,
aibirsidh
, comes from the old learning system,
beginning "A per se",
a
by itself=
a
, Eng. [apersie]. Analogised to [caibideal]
(Meyer).
aice
, proximity, Ir. [aice]; see [taic].
aice
, a lobster's burrow, also [faiche].
àicheadh
, deny, Ir. [aithcheo],
contradicting, M.Ir. [aithceód]: [*ati-ceud-](?), "go back on"; cf.
O.Ir. [atchuaid], exposui, which Stokes refers to the root of
[chaidh], went, q.v.
aicheamhail
, reprisal; cf. Ir. [athghabháil];
[ath+gabhail]. ++
aicme
, race, Ir., O.Ir. [aicme],
W. [ach], pedigree, [*akk-], from [ak], edge; Lat. [acies]? Stokes
cfs. Skr. [anka], lap, but this would give G. [àk-] (ā) and a W.
[anc]. Norse [átt], family, Ger. [acht], property.
aidheam
, joyous carol:
aidich
, confess, Ir. [admhuighim], O.Ir.
[addaimim], W. [addef]: [ad-dam-]; root [dam]; Lat. [domo], Eng.
[tame].
aifrionn
, mass, so Ir., E.Ir. [oifrend], W.
[offeren]; from Lat. [offerendum] (Eng. [offer]).
aig
, at, Ir. [ag], O.Ir. [oc]; for root, see
[agus].
àigeach
, young or entire horse; also
òigeach
=[òg+each], q.v. M.Ir. [óc-ech], young steed
(Eriu
2
11).
aigeann
, the deep, Ir.
àigeun
, E.Ir. [oician], W. [eigion]: from Lat.
[oceanus], Eng. [ocean]. There is also a by-form
aigeal
.
aigeannach
, spirited, E.Ir. [aignech]; see
[aigneadh]. Ir. [aigeanta], meditative.
aighear
, mirth, Manx [aigher]; [*ati-gar-];
see [gàirdeachas] for root. Yet Ir. [aiereach], merry, aerial, from
[aier], air, from Lat. [aer], makes the matter doubtful. Ir. [aerach]
(Hyde), merry, airy. Evidently the G. is borrowed from the Lat.
aigilean
, ear-ring, tassel; cf. Sc. [aiglet],
tagged point, jewel in one's cap; [eglie], needlework, from Fr.
[aiguille], needle; Lat. [acus].
aigne
, the swift, anything quick (Carm.):
aigne
,
aigneadh
, mind, so
Ir., O.Ir., [aicned]: [ád-gn-eto-], root [gnā], know, Gr.
gignw/skw
, Eng. [know]. Stokes refers
it to the root of [aicme], as he gives it. Ascoli makes the root
[cen], as in [cineal]. The Gaelic
g
is against
any root with
c
.
àil
, will; better
àill
,
q.v.
ail
,
aileadh
,
ailt
, a mark, impression, Ir. [oil], mark (O'R), M.
and E.Ir. [aile], fence, boundary (Meyer). A
t
stem: [oiledaib], [*al-et]. ++
ail
, rock, Ir. and
O.Ir. [ail], [*alek-], allied to Ger. [fels]; see further under
[mac-talla].
ailbheag
, ring; see [failbhe].
ailbhinn
, flint, precipice; from [ail], rock.
àile
, air, scent, E.Ir. [aél], [ahél]; W.
[avel], C., Br., [awel], wind; Gr.
&acom;élla
(St. Lec.), storm; [*avel-], root [ave],
[ve], wind; Lat. [au-ra], Gr.
&acom;c/r
,
Eng. [air].
aileag
, hiccup, Ir. [fail]; cf. Lat.
[hālo], breathe, Eng. in-[hale].
àilean
, a green: [*ag-li-]? Cf. Lat. [ager].
àilear
, porch:
ailis
, blemish, reproach, O.Ir. [ail],
disgrace, Got. [agls]?
ailis
, mimicing (Wh.); bad [atharrais],
[aith-lis], (M`A.) [aithris].
àill
, desire, so Ir., O.Ir. [áil], W.
[ewyll], Br. [ioul], Celtic [avillo-]; root [av], desire, Lat. [aveo],
Eng. [avidity]. [áil], pleasant, [*pagli], Eng. [fair] (St. Bez.
20
24).
àille
, beauty, E.Ir. [álde], for [álnde]; see
[álainn].
àilleas
,
àilgheas
, will,
desire; Ir. [áilgheas], E.Ir. [ailges], [áilgidim], I desire; from
[áil] and [geas], request, q.v.
ailleagan
, root of the ear, hole of the ear;
also [faillean], q.v.
àilleagan
, darling, so Ir.; from [àille],
q.v.
aillean
, elecampane: cf. Gr.
e`leníon
, Lat. [inula]. M.Ir. [eillinn]
(Rev.Celt.
9
231). inula quam [alain] rustici
vocant (Isidor).
ailleant
, shy, delicate; M.Ir. [ail] (O'Cl.),
shamefaced.
ailleort
, high-rocked; from [aill], rock; see
[mac-talla].
aillse
, diminutive creature, fairy, Ir.
[aillse];
aillse
, cancer, Ir. [aillis], O.Ir. [ailsin],
cancerem:
aillseag
, caterpillar; from above.>>
ailm
, the letter A, elm; Ir. [ailm], palm
(fir?) tree, letter A; borrowed from Lat. [ulmus], Norse [álmr], Eng.
[elm].
ailt
, stately, high; Ir. [ailt], Lat.
[altus], [àilt] (H.S.D.).
aim-
,
aimh-
, privative
prefix; see [am-], [amh-]. See its use in
aimhleas
(=[am-leas]), hurt,
aimhrea
,
aimhreidh
, confusion (=[am-réidh]),
aimbeart
, distress, etc. (= [am-bert]). The vowel in
the root is "small", and hence affects the
a
of
[am].
aimheal
, grief, Ir. [aithmhéal], repentance;
[aith+méala], grief, E.Ir. [méla], sorrow, reproach; [*meblo-], a
shorter form of O.Ir. [mebul], dedecus; Gr.
mémfomai
aimhfheoil
,
ainfheoil
,
proud flesh; from [aimh-] and [feòil], q.v.
aimlisg
, confusion, mischief:
aimrid
, barren, so Ir., M.Ir. [immrit],
barren, E.Ir. [amrit]; [am-ber-ent-], "non-producing"; root [ber] of
[beir]?
aimsichte
, bold (Arms.); [am-meas-ichte],
"un-mannerly"? See [meas].
aimsir
, time, so Ir.; O.Ir. [amser], W.
[amser], Br. [amzer], possibly a Celtic [ammesserâ]; either a compound
of [am], time ([ammensîrâ], from [sîr], long?), or [amb-mensura], root
[mens], measure, Lat. [mensus], Eng. [measure]. Ascoli and Stokes
give the Celtic as [ád-messera], from [ad-mensura].
aimsith
, missing of aim, mischance:
[am-mis-ith], Gaelic root [mis] of [eirmis], q.v.
àin
, heat (Dict.), light (H.M`Lean), O.Ir.
[áne], fulgor, from [án], splendidus, latter a Celtic [āno-s];
Got. [fôn], fire (from [pân]); Pruss. [panno]. Stokes suggests rather
[*agno-s], allied to Lat. [ignis], Skr. [agní], fire.
ain-
, privative prefix; see [an-].
ainbhtheach
, stormy, M.Ir. [ainbthech],
[*an-feth-ech], Gaelic rott [feth], breeze, from [vet], Eng.
[weather], Lat. [ventus], etc. See [anfadh].
ainbi
,
ainbith
, odd,
unusual: [an-bith], "un-world-like". See [bith].
aincheas
, doubt, M.Ir. [ainches], E.Ir.
[ances], dubium.
ainchis
, a curse, rage, Ir. [aingeis], E.Ir.
[aingcess], [ánces], curse, anguish; [an+geas], q.v., or Lat.
[angustia]?
aineamh
, flaw, so Ir., E.Ir. [anim], W.
[anaf], blemish, O.Br. [anamon], mendæ; Gr.
&ocom;/vonai
, blame
àinean
, a liver, liver of fish (N.H.); see
[adha].
àineartaich
, yawning ([aineartaich], M`A.);
see [àinich] below.
aineas
, passion, fury; [an-theas], from
[teas], heat.
aingeal
, angel, so Ir., O.Ir. [angel], W.
[angel], Br. [ael]; from Lat. [angelus], whence also the Eng.
aingeal
, light, fire, Manx [ainle], Ir.
[aingeal] (Lh., O'B.), M.Ir. [aingel], sparkling: [*pangelos], Ger.
[funke], M.E. [funke]; further [ong], fire, hearth; LIt [anglis],
coal, Skr. [añgâra], glowing coal; I.E. [ongli], [ongôl]; allied is
I.E. [ognis], fire, Lat. [ignis]. See
Fick
4
14. Skeat derives Sc. [ingle] from the Gaelic.
Also
ainneal
, a common fire.
aingealachd
, numbness: [ang-eal-ach-], root
[ang], choke (Lat. [ango])?
aingealtas
, perversity, malignity; from the
following.>>
aingidh
, wicked, Ir. [aingidhe], malicious,
O.Ir. [andgid], [angid], nequam, wicked, [andach], sin; [*an-dg-id],
root [deg] of [deagh], good, q.v.
àinich
, panting, also
aonach
; root [ān-], long form of [an], breath
(see [anail]); Skr. [ânana], mouth ("breather").
ainid
, vexing.
ainis
, anise; from the English. M.Ir. [in
ainis], gloss on "[anisum cyminum dulce]".
ainm
, name, Ir. and O.Ir. [ainm], pl.
[anmann], B.of Deer [anim], W. [enw], Br. [hanv], [*anmen-]; Gr.
&ocom;/noma
; Pruss. [emmens], Ch.Sl.
[ime@?]; root [ono], allied to [nō] in Lat. [nomen], Eng.
[name].
ainmhide
, a rash fool; see [òinid].
ainmhidh
, beast, brute, Ir. [ainmhidhe],
M.Ir. [ainmide], [*anem-itio-s], [*anem-], life, soul; Lat. [animal],
etc. Ir. is also [ainmhinte], "animans".
ainmig
, rare; [an-minig], q.v.
ainneamh
, rare; see [annamh].
ainneart
, force; [ain-], excess (see [an-]),
and [neart].
ainnighte
, tame, from [ainneadh], patience
(Sh.); possibly from [an-dam], root [dam], tame.
ainnir
, virgin, E.Ir. [ander], W. [anner],
heifer, M.Br. [annoer] (do.), [*anderâ]; cf. Gr.
anqcrós
, blooming, [&acom;qárioi], virgins (Hes.),
*nqar-
.
ainnis
,
ainniseach
, needy:
[an+dìth], want?
ainstil
, fury, over-fizzing: [an+steall].
air
, on, upon. This prep. represents three
Irish ones: (a)
air
=O.Ir. [ar], [air], ante,
propter, W. [ar], [er], Br. [er], Gaul [are-], Celtic [ari], [arei],
Gr.
pará
,
paraí
, by, before; Lat. [prae]; Eng. [fore],
[for]. This prep. aspirates in Irish, and in Gaelic idioms it still
does so, e.g. [air chionn]. (b)
air
=O.Ir. [for],
"super", O.W. and O.Br. [guor], Br. [voar], [oar], Gaul. [ver-]; Gr.
&ubcom;pér
; Lat. [s-uper]; Eng. [over].
This prep. did not aspirate; it ended originally in
r
in Gaelic; as an inseperable prefix ([vero-],
[viro-] in Gaul.) it aspirated, as in the modern form of old names
like [Fergus], now [Fearghuis] or [Fear'uis] (gen. case). (c)
air
=O.Ir. [iar n-], after, pre-Celtic [epron]; Skr.
[aparám], afterwards, [aparena], after; Got. [afar], after, Eng.
[af-ter]. Further come Gr.
&ocom;pi-
,
behind, [&ecom;pí-], to, Lat. [ob-], [op-]. See [iar].
This is the prep. that is used with the inf. to represent a perfect or
past participle in Gaelic - [Tha mi air bualadh]; "I have struck".
airbhinneach
, honourable; [air+beann]?
airc
, distress, so Ir., O.Ir. [aircur],
pressure; cf. Lat. [parcus], sparing.
àirc
, the Ark, Ir. [airc]; from Lat. [arca].
airchios
, pity, clemency (Hend.): see
[oircheas].
aircill
, to watch, listen, Ir. [aircill]; see
[faircill].
aircleach
, a cripple; [*airc-lach], from
[airc], q.v.
àird
, point (of the compass), Ir. [áird],
E.Ir. [aird], Gr.
&acom;/rdis
, a point.
Hence Sc. [airt].
àird
, preparation, activity.
àird
, preparation, activity:
àirde
, height, Ir. [áirde], E.Ir. [arde]; see
[árd].
àirdeil
, ingenious:
aire
, heed, Ir., O.Ir. [aire], Old.Brit.
[Areanos], native watchers who gave intimation to the Romans
(Ammianus), pre-Celtic [parjâ], [par], seek; Gr.
peîra
, trial; Lat. [ex-perior], Eng.
[experiment].
àireach
, keeper of cattle. There is
confusion in Gaelc between [àireach] and O.Ir. [aire(ch)], lord; the
[bó-aire], cow-lord, was the free tenant of ancient Ireland. For
O.Ir. [aire], see [airidh]. G. [àireach] owes its long vowel to a
confusion with [àraich], rear. See [àiridh] for root.
àireamh
, number, so Ir., O.Ir. [áram], W.
[eirif], [*ad-rîm-], Celtic [rîmâ], number; Ag.S. [rîm], number, Eng.
[rhyme]; Gr.
&acom;riqmós
, number.
DMK
...
used to be @g[...] ie a curly g,
DMK assumed to be a mistake for @G[...] ie Greek
airean
, ploughman, herdsman; Ir. [oireamh],
g. [oiramhan], ploughman, the mythic [Eremon], [Airem(on)],
[*arjamon-], Skr. [Arjaman], further [Aryan](?); root [ar], plough.
++
airfid
, music, harmony; [oirfid].
airgiod
, silver, so Ir., O.Ir. [arget], W.
[ariant], Br. [arc'hant], Gail. [Argento-], [Argento-coxus] (a
Caledonian prince): Lat. [argentum]; Gr.
&acom;/rguros
. Eng. [argent] is from the Lat.
àiridh
, better
àirigh
,
hill pasture, sheiling (
airghe
, in Lh. for Gaelic);
cf. E.Ir. [airge], [áirge], place where cows are, dairy, herd of
cattle; E.Ir. [airgech], herdswoman [of Brigit]; Ir. [airghe], pl.
[áiríghe] (O'B.), a herd of cattle; [airgheach], one who has many
herds; [*ar-egia]; Lat. [armentum]? But see [àraich], rear. Norse or
Danish [erg] from Gaelic equals Norse [setr] (Ork. Sag.). This Norse
form proves the identity of Gaelic with E.Ir. [airge];
[airge]=[ar-agio], [*agio], herd.
airidh
, worthy, Ir. [airigh] (Ulster),
[airigh], nobleman (O'B.), O.Ir. [aire(ch)], primas, lard; Skr.
[árya], good, a lord; [ârya], Aryan, [âryaka], honourable man.
[*parei]?
airilleach
, a sleepy person; from ++[aireal],
bed, M.Ir. [aired] (O'C.):
airleag
, leng, Ir. [airligim], O.Ir.
[airliciud], lending; from [leig], let, which is allied to Eng.
[loan], Got. [leihvan], Ger. [leihen]. See [leig].
airleas
, pledge, earnest, arles; from Sc.
[arles], older [erles], which, through O. French, comes from Lat.
[*arrhula], dim. of [arrha], pledge. Eng. [earnest], whence W.
[ernes], is probably from the same origin. See [eàrlas].
airleig
, a strait:
airmis
, hit; see [eirmis].
àirne
, a sloe, so Ir., M.Ir. [arni], sloes,
W. [eirin], plums, Br. [irinenn], sloe, Celtic [arjanio-] (Stokes);
Skr. [ara&ndot;i], tinder-stick "premna spinosa", [ara&ndot;ka], forest.
àirneach
, murrain in cattle:
airneis
,
àirneis
(M`L.
& D.), furniture; Ir. [áirneis], cattle, goods, etc., M.Ir.
[airnis], tools, furniture. The word can hardly be separated from the
Romance [arnese], accotrements, armour, whence Eng. [harness], armour
for man or horse. The word is originally of Brittonic origin (Br.
[harnez], armour), from [*eisarno-], iron; see [iarunn].
airtein
, a pebble, so Ir., E.Ir. [arteini]
(pl.), O.Ir. [art]; possibly Gaul. [arto-] ([Arto-briga]), [Artemia],
name of a rock.
airtneal
,
airsneal
,
weariness:
àis
, milk (Carm.), M.Ir. [as] (O'Dav.).
àis
, wisdom (Carm.), [ais] (O'Cl.) See
[cnoc] (Carm.).
ais
, back, backwards; so Ir., E.Ir. [aiss],
[daraaiss], backwards; Gaelic
air ais
. The forms
[ais], [rithisd] (rìs], [thairis], seem compounds from the root [sta],
[sto], stand; cf. [fois], [bhos], [ros];
ais
may be
for [ati-sta-], or [ati-sti-]. Ascoli refers [ais] to an unaccented
form of [éis], track, which is used after [tar] and [di] ([di a éis],
post eum; see [déis]) for "after, [post]", but not for "back", as is
[air ais], with verbs of rest or motion.
aisead
, delivery (obstetrical), E.Ir.
[asait], vb. [ad-saiter], is delivered; [*ad-sizd-]; Lat.
[sīdo], [assīdere], a reduplication of the root [sed], of
[suidhe], q.v. From [ad-sem-t], root [sem] as in [taom] (Stokes).
aiseag
, a ferry, Ir. [aiseog] (Fol.):
aiseal
, axle; it seems borrowed from Eng.
[axle], Norse [öxull], but the W. [echel], Br. [ahel], [*aksila],
makes its native origin possible, despite the absence of the word in
Irish.
aiseal
, jollity (Sh., Arms.); see [aisteach].
aisean
, rib, Ir., E.Ir. [asna], W. [eisen],
[asen], Cor. [asen]; cf. Lat. [assula], splinter, [asser], beam
(Stokes). Formerly it was referred to the same origin as Lat. [os],
[ossis], bone, Gr.
&ocom;stéon
,
but the root vowel and meaning are both unfavourable to this
etymology.
aisearan
, weanling (Argyle); from [ais]?
aisg
, a request (Sh.), E.Ir. [ascid];
[*ad-skv-], root [seq]., as in [sgeul], q.v.
aisgeir
, a ridge of high mountains, Ir.
[eiscir], [aisgeir] (Lh. for latter); [*ad-sker-](?), as in Eng.
[skerry], G. [sgeir], q.v. Cf. W. [esgair] (Meyer).
aisig
, restore, so Ir., E.Ir. [assec];
possibly=[*as-ic], "out-bring", [ic]=[enl]; see [thig], come.
aisir
,
aisridh
, path; see
[astar].
aisith
, strife; [as-sìth], [as-], privative,
and [sìth], q.v.
aisling
, a vision, dream, so Ir., O.Ir.
[aislinge]; possibly [*ex-líng-ia], "a jump out of one-self,
ec-stasy", the root being [leng] of [leum], q.v. Nigra suggested the
root [sil], or [sell] of [seall], see, q.v.; he divided the word as
[as-sil-inge], Stokes as [ad-sell-angia] (Beiträge, Vol. VIII)
aisneis
, rehearsing, tattle, E.Ir. same,
O.Ir. [áisndís]l [aisnédim], I relate; ([as-ind-fiad-im], O.Ir.
[in-fiadim], I relate); [fiad]=[veid], know; see [innis]; root [vet],
Lat. [veto] (Stokes), but this does not account for [í] of O.Ir.
[aisndís].
aisteach
, a diverting fellow, Ir. [aisdeach],
witty:
ait
, glad, Ir., E.Ir. [ait], O.Ir. [ait],
euge! adverbium optantis:
àite
, a place, Ir., E.Ir. [áit]. Possibly
Celtic [pōd-ti], [*panti]? root [pōd], [ped], Lat.
[oppidum], Gr.
pédon
, ground, Skr.
[padám], place; as in [eadh], q.v. Stokes has referred [áit] to the
root that appears in Ger. [ort, place, Norse [oddr], O.Eng. [ord],
point, Teutonic [uzd-], I.E. [uzdh-]; but this in Gaelic would give
[ud] or [od].
àiteag
, a shy girl, see [faiteach].
aiteal
, breeze, ray, small portion. In the
sense of "ray", cf. Gr.
&acom;ktís
, ray;
in the sense of "quantulum", it may be divided as [ad-tel], O.Br.
[attal], an equivalent, root [tel], weight, money; see [tuarasdal].
[actualis]?
aiteam
, a people, a tribe (Arms.):
aiteamh
, a thaw; [*aith-tā-m, W.
[toddi], melt; Lat. [tabes]; Gr.
tc/kw
,
melt; Eng. [thaw]. The Ir. word is [tionadh] (O.Ir. [tinaid],
evanescit), Manx [tennue], the root of which is [ten], Lat. [tener],
Eng. [thin].
aith-
, "re-"; see [ath-].
aitheamh
, fathom, O.W. [atem], filum;
[*(p)etemâ]; Eng. [fathom]; I.E. [pet], extend, Lat. [pateo], etc.
aithinne
, fire-brand, Ir., O.Ir. [aithinne]:
[*aith-tén-io-]? Root of [teine]? The root [and], kindle, as in
O.Ir. [andud], accendere,
[adandad], lighting up, is also
possible, [*aith-and-io-] being the form in that case. [amhailte]
(Glen-moriston).
aithis
, a reproach, affront, so Ir., O.Ir.
[athiss]; [*ati-vid-tu-]; Got. [idveit], Eng. [twit]; root [vid],
wit, know.
aithlis
, a disgrace; cf. [leas] in
[leas-mhac].
aithne
, knowledge, so Ir., O.Ir., [aithgne],
W. [adwaen]: [ati-gn-io-] for Ir.; I.E. [gen], [gnā],
[gnō], to know; Lat. [cognosco]; Gr.
gignw/skw
; Eng. [know].
àithne
, command, Ir., O.Ir. [aithne],
depositum, command; [immánim], delego, assign; W. [adne], custody; the
root seems to be [ān] or [an], judging from verbal forms, though
these scarcely agree with the noun forms. See [tiomnadh] further.
aithreach
, repentant, so Ir., O.Ir.
[aithrech], Corn. [edreck], repentance, Br. [azrec] (do.),
[*ati-(p)reko-], [*ati-(p)rekiâ]; root, [prek], Lat. [precor], Ger.
[fragen], ask, etc. Ascoli makes the root [reg], come (see [rach]).
aithris
, tell so Ir. [*ati-ris], E.Ir. [ris],
a story, [*rt-ti], [rat], [rēt], Ger. [rede], speech, Got.
[rathjo], speak, Lat. [ratio]. Cf. O.Ir. [airissim], from [iss].
àitidh
, damp:
aitionn
, juniper, Ir. [aiteann], O.Ir.
[aitenn], W. [aith], [eithin], Cor. [eythinen], O.Br. [ethin] (gl.
rusco), [*akto-], I.E. root [ak], sharp, Lat. [acidus], Eng. [acid],
[edge], Gr. [&acom;/kros], extreme, etc. The nearest words are Lit.
[ákstinas], sting, Ch.Sl. [ostinu]. Also
aiteal
.
[*at-tenn-], "sharp bush or tree"; from root [at], sharp, E.Ir.
[aith], sharp, [*atti-], [atto-]. For [-tenn], see [caorunn]. Cf.
Ir. [teine], furze.
aitreamh
, a building, Ir.
aitreibh
, E.Ir. [aittreb], W. [adref], homewards, Gaul.
[Atrebates]; [*ad-treb-], the Celtic root [treb] corresponding to Lat.
[tribus], Eng. [thorpe].
àl
, brood, Ir. [ál], W. [ael], [al]:
[*(p)aglo-; cf. Lat. [propâgo], Eng. [propogate]. Hence
àlaire
, brood mare. Ger. [adel], nobility.
àlach
, a brood, set, bank of oars (M`E.):
àlach
, nails: [*āl-lach], [āl-],
from [(p)agl-], Lat. [pālus], stake; root [pag], [pāg],
fasten, whence Gr.
pc/gnumi
, Lat.
[pango], fix, Eng. [page].
alachag
,
alachuin
, see
[ealachainn].
àlainn
, beautiful, Ir. [áluin], O.Ir.
[álaind]; [*ad-lainn]; see [loinn]. Stokes prefers referring it to
[áil], pleasant, [*pagli-], Eng. [fair], root [pag]. But [ra-laind],
pleasant, [*ad-pland] (Holden).
all-
, over; see [thall].
allaban
, wandering:
allail
, noble, M.Ir. [all], [aill],
[*al-no-s], root [al], as in Lat. [altus].
alladh
, fame (either good or bad), Ir.
[alladh], excellency, fame, E.Ir. [allud]; see above.>>
allaidh
, fierce, wild, Ir. [allta], O.Ir.
[allaid]; possibly from [all-], over, the idea being "foreign,
barbarous, fierce";, cf. W. [allaidd] of like meanings, from W.
[all], other. See next.>>
allmharach
, a foreigner, foreign, fierce; Ir.
[allmharach], foreigner, transmarine; E.Ir. [allmarach]. From [all-],
beyond, and [muir], sea, "transmarine" (K.Meyer).
allsadh
, a jerk, suspending, leaning to one
side; see [abhsadh].
allsmuain
, a float, great buoy:
allsporag
, cow's throttle (M`A.); see
[abhsporag].
allt
, a stream, Ir. [alt], height ,
(topographically) glen-side or cliff, O.Ir. [alt], shore, cliff, O.W.
[allt], cliff, Cor. [als], Br. [aot], shore; all allied to Lat.
[altus]. The Gaelic form and meaning are are plssibly of Pictish
origin.
all-tapadh
, mishap, ill-luck (Wh.);
mischance: from [all-] and [tapadh].
alm
, alum; from the English.
almsadh
, charity (Hend.), M.Ir. [almsain].
alp
, also
ealp
(Wh.),
ingraft, join closely together: [alp] in tinkers' Ir., a job of work,
hill; [ealp]=Sc. [imper], graft.
alt
, joint, Ir., E.Ir. [alt], [*(p)alto-s];
root [pel], whence Eng. [fold], Norse, [faldr], Ger. [falz], groove;
Gr. [-plásios], doubled, for [plátios]. "air alt"= in order that
(Wh.).
altach
, a grace (at food), Ir. [altughadh],
O.Ir. [attlugud], rendering thanks, [atluchur bude], I give thanks:
[*ad-tlukôr], root, tluq; Lit. [tulkas], interpreter; Lat. [loquor]
for [tloquor].
altair
, altar, Ir., O.Ir. [altóir], W.
[allor], Cor. [altor], Br. [auter]; from Lat. [altare], altar, "high
place".
altrum
, fostering, Ir. [altrom], O.Ir.
[altram], W. [alltraw], sponsor; root [al], nourish, whence Lat.
[alo], Got. [alan], grow, Eng. [old].
àm
, time Ir. [am], pl. [amanna], E.Ir. [am],
[*ammen-], from [*at-s-men-], root [at], Got
am-
, privative prefix; this is the labialised
form of [an-], q.v.; and being labialised, it is also aspirated into
amh-
. The forms before "small" vowels in the
subsequent syllable are
aim-
,
aimh-
.
amach
, vulture, so Ir.:
amadan
, fool, Ir. [amadán]: [am+ment-],
"non-minded", Celtic root [ment] ([dearmad], [farmad], etc.), mind;
Lat. [mens], [menti-s], Eng. [mind], etc. The shorter root [men] is
found in [meanmna].
amail
, mischief; E.Ir. [admillim], I destroy:
[ad+mill], q.v.
amail
, hindrance: [ad+mall]; q.v. But Norse
[hamla], hinder.
amal
, swingle-tree; [*ad-mol]; [mol], a beam,
especially "a mill shaft", E.Ir. [mol]. Cf. Norse [hamla], oar-loop.
amar
, channel, mill lead; E.Ir. [ammor],
[ammbur], a trough, [*amb-or-]; Gaul. [ambes], rivos, rivers,
[Ambris], river name;
Lat. [imber]; Gr.
&ocom;/mbos
, rain; Skr. [ambu], water. Zimmer
considers the Ir. borrowed from Ag. S. [ámber], amphora, Ger.
[eimer]; but the Gaelic meaning is distinctly against his theory. A
borrowing from Lat. [amphora] is liable to the same objection.
amarlaich
, blustering (M`A.):
amarlaid
, blustering female; not [amarlaich].
amart
, need (Hend.). Hend. now questions it,
[aimbeairt].
amhailte
, large ember of wood
(Glen-moriston).
amas
, hitting, O.Ir. [ammus], an aim:
[*ad-mes-]; see [eirmis].
amasguidh
,
aimsgith
,
profane, impure: [*ad-mesc-id-], "mixed"; see [measg].
amh
, raw, Ir. [amh], E.Ir. [om], W. [of];
root [om], [ōm], whence Gr.
&wcom;mós
; Got. [amsa]; Skr. [amsas].
amhach
, neck: [*om-âk-â]; Lat. [humerus],
shoulder (*om-es-os); Gr.
&wcomibre;mós
; Got.
[amsa]; Skr. [amsas].
amhain
, entanglement by the neck (M`A.); from
above.>>
a mhàin
, only, Ir. [amháin], E.Ir. [amáin];
cf. O.Ir. [nammá] (W. [namyn], but?) = [nan-n-má] "ut non sit major"
(?). The main root is [má] or [mó], more, with the negative, but the
exact explanation is not easy; "no more than"(?). [amháin] =[a-(a[
p]
o)+màin], [*mani]; Gr.
mános
, spärlich,
monos
(St.Z.).
amhainn
, river; better [abhainn], q.v.
amhaltach
, vexing; see [aimheil].
amhan
, a marsh, or [lòn] (Glen-moriston).
amharc
, looking, seeing; so Ir., M.Ir.
[amarc], [amharc] =[a-(apo)+marc], Ger. [merken], perhaps Lith.
[mérkti], wink, blink (St.). Roots [marc], [marg].
amhartan
, luck, Ir. [amhantur], [abhantur],
from Fr. [aventure], Eng. [adventure].
amharus
, suspicion, so Ir., O.Ir. [amairess],
infidelitas, [am+iress], the latter meaning "faith"; O.Ir.
[iress]=[air-ess], and [*ess] is from [*sistâ], standing, root [stâ],
stand, reduplicated; cf. Lat. [sisto], etc. The whole word, were it
formed at once, would look like [*am-(p)are-sistâ], or
[*am-are-sistâ].
amhas
,
amhusg
, wild man,
beast man; Ir. [amhas], a wild man, madman; E.Ir. [amos], [amsach], a
mercenary soldier, servant. Conchobar's [amsaig], or mercenaries, in
the E.Ir. saga of Deirdre, appear misunderstood as our [amhusgan],
monsters; there is probably a reminiscence of the Norse "bear-sarks".
Borrowed from Gaul. Lat. [ambactus] (=[servus], Festus), through
[*ambaxus]; Cæsar says of the Gaulish princes: "Circum se [ambactos]
clientesque habent". The roots are [ambi-] (see [mu]) and [ag], go
lead (see [aghaidh]). Hence many words, as Eng.
[ambassador], Ger. [amt], official position, etc. Ir.J., 154, 156, has
[amhas], in G. force.
àmhgar
, affliction, Ir. [amhgar]; [am-](not)
[+gar]; cf. O.Ir. [ingir], tristia, from [gáire], risus. See [gàir],
laughter, for root. E.Ir. [so-gar], [do-gar],
*hara
(St.).
amhladh
, distress, dismay (Hend.). See
[amhluadh].
amhlair
, fool, boor, silly talker or behaver
(Arg.); Ir. [amhlóir], O.Ir. [amlabar], mute; from [am-] (not) and
[labair], speak, q.v. Cf. [suilbhir].
amhlaisg
, bad beer, taplash:
amhluadh
, confusion, distress:
amhra
, wonderful; [*am-porios] (St.),
&acom;/peiros
.
amhran
, song, Ir. [amhrán], [abhrán], M.Ir.
[ambrán], Manx, [arrane]; see [òran]. Cf. Ir. [amhra], eulogy,
especially in verse; [amhra], famous (Lec. 69).
amhsan
(
ansan
), Dial
osan
, solan goose; from Lat. [anser]?
amhuil
, like, as, Ir. [amhluidh], O.Ir.
[amail], [amal], O.W. [amal], W. [mal], Br. [evel]; from a Celtic
[samali-], which appears in [samhail], q.v.
amhuilt
, a trick, deceit (H.S.D., M`E.
àmhuilt
): Cf. [aith-méla].
àmhuinn
, oven, Ir. [òigheann]; borrowed from
Eng. [oven].
amlach
, curled,
amlag
, a
curl, M.Ir. [amlach], from the prep. [ambi-], as in [mu], q.v.
amraidh
,
àmraidh
(M`E.),
cupboard, Ir. [amri] (O'B.), W. [almari]; all borrowed from Eng.
(Gaelic from Sc. [aumrie]?) [ambry] and M.E. [almarie], from O.Fr.
[almarie], from Lat. [armarium], place of tools or arms, from [arma].
an
,
a'
, the, Ir. [an],
O.Ir. [in] (mas. and fem.), [a n-] (neut.); a [t-] appears before
vowels in the nom. masc. ([an t-athair]), and it is part of the
article stem; a Celtic [sendo-s] (m.), [sendâ] (f.), [san] (n.).
[Sendo-s] is composed of two pronominal roots, dividing into
[sen-do-]; [sen], judging by the neuter [san], is a fixed neuter nom.
or acc. from the Celtic root [se] (I.E. [sjo], beside [so-], allied to
Ag.S. [se], the, [seó], now [she]. The [-do-] of [sendo-s] has been
referred by Thurneysen and Brugmann to the pron. root [to-] (Eng.
[tha-t], Gr.
tó
); it is suggested that
[to-] may have degenerated into [do-] before it was stuck to the fixed
form [sen]. [Sen-to-] could not, on any principle otherwise, whether
of accentuation or what not, produce the historical forms. It is best
to revert to the older etymology, and refer [do-] to the pronominal
root appearing in the Latin fixed cases (enclitic) [-dam], [-dem],
(qui[-dam], [i-dem], etc.), the Gr.
dé
,
-de
(as in
&obcom;/-de
, this), Ch.Sl. [da], he. The difference,
then, between Gr.
&obcom;/-de
and Gaelic
[sen-do-s] is this: the Gr. inflects
the first element
(
&obcom;
=[so]) and keeps the
de
fixed, whereas Gaelic reverses the matter by
fixing the [sen] and inflecting the [do-]; otherwise the roots are the
same ultimatley, and used for almost similar purposes.
an
, in, Ir. [a n-] (eclipsing), O.Ir.
i
, [i n-], W. [yn], Br. [en]; Lat. [in]; Gr.
&ecom;n
; Eng. [in], etc. Generally it appears in
the longer form [ann], or even as [ann an]; see [ann].
an
, interrogative particle, Ir. [an], O.Ir.
[in]; Lat. [an]; Got. [an].
an-
, negative prefix, Ir. [an-], O.Ir.,
[an-], [in-]; W., Cor., Br. [an-]; Celtic [an], I.E. [&ndot;-], Lat.
[in-], Gr.
&acom;-
,
&acom;n-
, Eng. [un-], Skr. [a-], [an-], etc. It
appears before labials and liquids (save
n
) as
am-
, aspirated to
amh-
; with
consequent "small" vowels, it becomes
ain-
,
aim-
,
aimh-
. Before
g
, it becomes [ion-], as in [iongantas]. Before
c
,
t
,
s
,
the [an-] becomes [eu-] and the
t
and
c
become medials (as in [beud], [breug], [feusag]).
See also next word.>>
ana-
, negative prefix, O.Ir. [an-], sometimes
aspirating; G.
ana-creidimh
, disbelief, O.Ir.
[ancretem], but [ainfhior], untrue; M.Ir. [ainfhír]. This suggests a
Celtic [anas-] for the first, and [ana-] for the second, extensions of
the previous [an-]; cognate are Gr.
&acom;\nis
,
&acom;\neu
,
without; Ger. [ohne], Got. [inu], without.
ana-
,
an-
,
ain-
, prefix of excess; Ir. [an-], [ain-], M.Ir. [an-];
Ir. aspirates where possible (not
t
,
d
,
g
), Gaelic does so rarely.
Allied are Gr.
&acom;na
, up, Got. [ana],
Eng. [on]. Hence
ana-barr
, excess;
ain-neart
, violence;
ain-teas
,
excessive heat, etc.
anabas
, dregs, refuse, also green, unripe
stuff cut; from [an-abaich].
anabhiorach
, centipede, whitlow:
anacail
, defend, save; Ir. [anacail],
protection, E.Ir. [anacul] (do.). This Ascoli refers to the same
origin as [adnacul]; see [adhlac].
anacair
, sickness, affliction, so Ir.,
[an-shocair]. Ir. Jl. 156. See [acarach].
anadas
, regret (M`D):
anagna
, irregularity, unusualness (Hend.),
[ana-gnáth].
anail
, breath, Ir. and O.Ir. [anál], W.
[anadl], [anal], Cor. [anal], Br. [alan], Celtic [anatlâ]; [an],
breathe, Got. [anan], to breathe, Skr. [anila], wind. See [anam]
also.
anainn
, eaves, top of house wall:
anam
, soul, so Ir., O.Ir. [anim] (d. anmin),
Cor. [enef], M.Br. [eneff], Br. [ene], Celtic [animon-] (Stokes); Lat.
[animus], [anima]; Gr.
&acom;/nemos
, wind.
anamaint
, lust, perversity (Hend.),
[ana+mèin].
anart
, linen, Ir., E.Ir. [anairt], O.Ir.
[annart], [*an-arto-]; root [pan], [pān]; Lat. [pannus], cloth;
Gr. [penós], thread on the bobbin; Got. [fana], cloth, Ag.S. [fana],
small flag, Eng. [vane], [fane].
ànart
, pride:
anasta
, stormy; [*an-fadh_asta]; see
[anfadh], storm.
ancachd
, adversity (Hend.):
an dràsta
, now; for [an-trâth-sa], "the time
here", q.v. ++
anfadh
, storm; proper G. is
[onfhadh], q.v.
anfhann
, weak, Ir. [anbhfann], M.Ir.
[anbfann], [anband]; [an+fann], "excessive faint". See [fann].
anlamh
,
annlamh
,
misfortune; [an-](not)+[lamh]; see [ullamh] for [lamh].
ann
, there, Ir., O.Ir. [and], [*anda]
(Stokes); Cyprian Gr
&acom;/nda
(=
&acom;/utc
, this, she]); Lit. [àndai|, newly, [àns],
[anà], ille, illa; Ch.Sl. [onŭ], that; Skr. [ana], this (he).
ann
,
ann an
, in, Ir.
[ann], E.Ir. [ind], O.Ir. [ind-ium] (in me), Celtic [endo] (Stokes);
Lat. [endo], [indu], into, in; Gr.
&ccom;/ndon
, within,
&ccom;/ndoqen
; Eng. [indo]. The roots are [en] (see
[an]), in, and [do] (see [do]), to. In
ann an
, the
two prepositions [ann] and [an] are used. The form
anns
is used before the article and relative; the [-s]
properly belongs to the article; [anns an], in the, is for [ann san].
++
annaid
,
annoid
, a church,
M.Ir. [annóit], O.Ir. [andoóit], mother-church. Stokes refers it to
L.Lat. [antitas], for [antiquitas], "ancient church". In Scottish
place-names it appears as [Annet], [Clach na h-Annaid], etc. Cf.
[annone], church (O'Dav.), from Hebrew.
annaladh
, era, calendar, Ir. [analach],
chronicle; from Lat. [annalia].
annamh
, rare, M.Ir. [annam], E.Ir. [andam];
[*an-dam-], "non-tame"; root [dam], home, home, etc.; Eng. [domestic],
[tame]. Hence
annas
, rarity.
annlamh
, vexation, etc.; see [anlamh].
annlan
, condiment, E.Ir. [annland], W.
[enllyn]; possibly [an+leann].
annrach
,
ànrach
, wanderer,
stranger; either from [*ann-reth-ach], root [reth], run (see [ruith],
[faondradh]), or from [*an-rath-ach], "unfortunate", root [rath],
luck, q.v.
annrath
, distress, Ir. [anrath]; [an-rath];
see [rath], luck. The E.Ir. [andró] appears to be of a different
origin.
annsa
, dearer, better liked, so Ir., M.Ir.
[andsa], preferable:
ao-
, privative prefix; for [eu-], this is for
[an-] (not), before
c
and
t
.
See [an-]
aobhach
, joyous; see [aoibhinn].
aobhar
, cause, Ir. [adhbhar], O.Ir. [adbar],
[*ad-bero-n]; root [ber], I.E. [bher], whence Lat. [fero], Eng.
[bear], etc.
aobharrach
, a young person or beast of good
promise, hobble-dehoy; from [aobhar], material.
aobrann
, ankle, O.Ir. [odbrann], W. [uffarn]:
[*od-bronn], [*ud-brunn-], "out-bulge"; [ud-]=Eng. [out], and
[brunn-], see [brù], belly.
Stokes ([Academy], June,
1892) makes [od-] to be for [pod], foot, Gr
poús
,
pod-ós
, Eng.
[foot], etc.
aodach
, clothes, Ir. [eudach], O.Ir. [étach],
[*ant-ac-os]; root [pan], as in [anart], q.v. Cf. Lit. [pinti],
plait, twine, Ch.Sl. [pe@?ti], wind, Lat [pannus], etc. Strachan cfs.
Alb. [ent], [int], weave, Gr.
&acom;/ttomai
, weave.
aodann
, face, Ir. [éadan], O.Ir. [étan],
Celtic [antano-] (Stokes); Lat. [ante]; Gr.
&acom;vtí
, against; Eng. [and]; Skr. [ánti],
opposite.
aodraman
, bladder, Ir. [éadromán]; see
[aotrom].
aog
, death; see [eug].
aogas
,
aogasg
, face,
appearance, M.Ir. [écosg] (O'Cl), O.Ir. [écosc], habitus, expression,
[*in-cosc]; see [casg], check. Cf. O.Ir. [in-cho-sig], significat.
aoghaire
, shepherd, so Ir., M.Ir. [aegaire],
O.Ir. [augaire], [*ovi-gar-]; for [ovi-], sheep, see [óisg]. The
[-gar-] is allied to Gr.
&acom;geírw
,
&acom;gorá
, meeting place, market.
aoibh
, civil look, cheerful face, Ir.
[aoibh], pleasant, humour, E.Ir. [áeb], O.Ir. [óiph], beauty,
appearance, [*aibâ] (Thurneysen), mien, look, Prov. Fr. [aib], good
manners. Ascoli refers it to the root of [éibheall] (q.v.), a live
coal, the underlying idea being "shining, sheen". This would agree as
to the original force with [taitinn], please, [taitneach], pleasant.
aoibhinn
, pleasant, joyful, so Ir., E.Ir.
[áibind], [óibind]. See above word for root.>>
aoideag
, hair-lace, fillet, from root of
[aodach].
aoigh
, guest, Ir. [aoidhe], pl. [aoidheadha],
O.Ir. [óegi], pl. [óegid], [*(p)oig-it]; cf. the Teutonic [*faig-iþ-],
whence Norse [feigr], doomed to die, Ag.S. [fáege], doomed, Eng. [fey]
(Schräder). Stokes gives the Celtic as [(p)oik-it], [poik], whence
Eng. [foe] (cf. Lat. [hostis], [hospes]); but the Gaelic [gh] of
[aoigh] is against this otherwise satisfactory derivation. As against
Schräder's etymology, might be put a reference to the form found in
Gr.
o&icom;/homai
, go, Lit. [eigà], going,
gurther root [ei], go; the idea being "journey-taker". Commonly
misspelt
aoidh
.
aoigh
, pleasant countenance, Ir. [aoibh].
aoine
, fast,
Di-haoine
,
Friday, Ir. [aoine], Friday, O.Ir. [oine], fast, Br. [iun]; from Lat.
[jejunium], a fast, fast-day, Eng. [jejune]. Stokes suggests Gr.
peináw
, hunger, as cognate, making it
native: [*poin-io-]. Unlikely.
aoineadh
, a steep brae with rocks, Manx
[eaynee], steep place:
aoir
, a satire, Ir. [aor], E.Ir. [áer], O.Ir.
[áir]. [*aigrâ],
&acom;ishos
, Got.
[aiviski]: [aigh] (St.). Prellwitz gives Gr. and Got. and root.
Ascoli refers this word and O.Ir. [tatháir], reprehensio, to [tàir],
q.v.
aoir
, sheet or bolt-rope of a sail:
aoirean
,
airean
,
ploughman, herdsman, Ir. [oireamh], g. [oireamhan], ploughman, the
mythic [Eremon], [Airem(on)], [*arjamon-], Skr. [Arjaman], further
[Aryan](?); root [ar], plough.
aoirneagan
. See [aonagail].
aois
, age, Ir. [aois], O.Ir. [áes], [áis],
[óis], W. [oes], [*aivestu-]; Lat. [œvum], [œtas], Eng.
[age]; Gr.
a&icom;és
,
a&icom;eí
, always; Eng. [aye]. From [*aie-tu], Lat.
[oitor], [utor],
dí-aita
(Th. St. Arch.
276).
aol
, lime, Ir. [aol], O.Ir. [áel]: [*aidlo-],
from [aidh], light, fire, Gr.
a&icom;qw
,
gleam (St.). See [Mackay].
aolach
, dung, Ir. [aoileach], O.Ir. [ailedu],
etercora, W. [add-ail], eluvies. Ascoli compares O.Ir. [áil],
probrum, but this word is probably cognate with Got. [agls], [aglus],
difficult, shameful, and may not be allied to [aolach].
aolais
, indolence:
aolmann
, ointment: founded on the Eng.
[ointment]. Cf. [iarmailt], [armailt].
aom
, incline, Ir. [aomadh], inclining,
attracting:
aon
, one, Ir. [aon], O.Ir. [óin], [óen], W.,
Cor., Br. [un]; Lat. [unus] (=[oinos]); Got. [ains], Eng. [one].
aonach
, moor, market place, Ir. [aonach],
fair, assembly, O.Ir. [óinach], [óenach], fair, [*oin-acos], from
[aon], one, the idea being "uniting, re-union". Some have compared
the Lat. [agonium], fair, but it would scarcely suit the Gaelic
phonetics.
aonach
, panting; see [àinich].
aonadh
, ascent:
aonagail
,
aonairt
,
aoineagan
, wallowing (H.S.D.); see [uainneart];
[uan]=foam.
aonais
, want; see [iùnais].
aorabh
, bodily or mental constitution:
aoradh
, worship, Ir. [adhradh], O.Ir.
[adrad]; from Lat. [adoratio], Eng. [adoration].
aotrom
, light, Ir. [éadtrom], O.Ir. [étromm];
[*an+trom], "non-heavy". See [trom].
ap
, ape, Ir. [ap], W. [ab]; from Eng. [ape].
aparan
, apron, gunwale patch (N.H.): from the
Eng.
aparr
, expert; from Sc. [apert], from O.Fr.
[aparté], military skill, from Lat. [aperio], open, Eng. [aperient],
[expert], etc.
aparsaig
, knapsack; from Eng. [haversack].
ar
,
ar n-
, our, so Ir. and
O.Ir. [*(s)aron]; this form may have arisen from unaccented
[&ndot;s-aron] (Jub.), like Got. [uns-ar] ([us] of Eng. and [ar]), Ger.
[unser], Eng. [our] (Thurneysen). Stokes refers it to a Celtic
[(n)ostron], allied to Lat. [nostrum]. See further at [bhur].
ar
, seems;
ar leam
,
methinks, Ir. M.Ir. [dar], E.Ir. [indar], [atar], with [la], O.Ir.
[inda], [ata], [da]; where [ta], [tar] is the verb [tha] ([thathar]),
is, with prep. or rel. [in] before it. [Tha leam-sa] (Mrs Grant).
See [na], than.
àr
, plough, E.Ir. [ar], W. [ar], ploughed
land; Lat. [aro]; Lit. [ariù] Got. [arjan], Eng. [ear], plough.
àr
, battle, slaughter, Ir. and O.Ir. [ár], W.
[aer], [*agro-]; root [ag], drive; Gr.
&acom;/gra
, chase; see [àgh].
àra
, kidney, Ir. [ára(nn)], O.Ir. [áru], g.
[áran], W. [aren], [*&ndot;fron-]; Lat. [nefrōnes]; Gr.
nefrós
, Ger. [nieren]. Stokes refers [ára] to
[ad-rên], the [ren] being the same as Lat. [ren].
arabhaig
, strife; cf O.Ir. [irbág], [arbag],
[*air-bāg], Norse [bágr], strife.
àrach
, rearing; see [àiridh], shealing. It
is possible to refer this word to [*ad-reg-], [reg] being the root
which appears in [éirich].
àrachas
, insurance, so Ir., E.Ir. [árach],
bail, contract, [*ad-rig-], root [rig], bind, which see in
[cuibhreach].
àradh
, a ladder, Ir. [aradh], E.Ir. [árad]:
araiceil
, valiant, important, Ir. [árach],
strength, [árachdach], puissant, [*ad-reg-], root [reg], rule, direct.
àraidh
, certain, some, Ir. [áirighe], M.Ir.
[áiridhe], [*ad-rei-]; cf. W. [rhai], [rhyw], some, certain, which
Rhys compares to Got. [fraiv], seed.
ar-amach
, rebellion; for [*eirigh-amach],
"out-rising".
aran
, bread, Ir., M.Ir., [arán]; root [ar],
join, Gr.
arariskw
,
&acom;/rtos
. See next.>>
arbhar
, corn, so Ir., E.Ir. [arbar]; O.Ir.
[arbe], frumentum; Lat. [arvum], field. Also Gaul. [arinca],
"frumenti genus Gallicum" (Pliny), Gr.
&acom;/rakos
, vetch, Skr. [arakas], a plant.
arbhartaich
, dispossess; [*ar-bert-]; [ar]
for [ex-ró]?
arc
fungus on decayed wood, cork,
arcan
, cork, a cork, stopple, Ir. [arcan], cork (Lh.):
archuisg
, experiment (Sh.):
arcuinn
, cow's udder:
àrd
, high, Ir., E.Ir. [ârd], Gaul.
[Ardvenna]; Lat. [arduus]; Gr.
&ocom;rqós
ard-dorus
, lintel, Ir. [ardorus], [fardorus];
[àrd-] here is a piece of folk etymology, the real word being [ar],
[air], upon. See [air] and [dorus].
arfuntaich
, disinherit; [*ar-fonn-]. See
[arbhartaich].
argarrach
, a claimant; [*air+gar]; see
[goir].
argumaid
, argument, Ir. [argumeint], O.Ir.
[argumint]; from Lat. [argumentum].
àrlas
, chimney, E.Ir. [forlés], roof light;
[air+leus], q.v.
arm
, weapon, Ir., O.Ir. [arm], W. [arf]; from
Lat. [arma], whence Eng. [arms]. Stokes says unlikely from Lat.
armadh
, working wool in oil, the oil for
working wool. Cf. [aolmann].
àrmunn
, a hero, Ir. [armann], sn oggivrt,
E.Ir. [armand], from an oblique case of Norse [ármaðr] (g. [ármanns],
harmost, steward.
àrloch
, hamlet, dwelling:
àros
, a dwelling, Ir. [árus], M.Ir. [aros],
W. [araws], [aros]; [*ad-rostu-]; Eng. [rest] is allied to [rostu-].
arpag
, a harpy; from Lat. [harpyia], Eng.
[harpy].
arraban
, distress: [*ar-reub-]?
arrabhalach
, treacherous fellow; see
[farbhalach].
arrachar
, rowing, steering (Arm.):
[*ar-reg-], root [reg], direct.
arrachd
, spectre, Ir., E.Ir. [arracht];
[*ar-rig-]; see [riochd] for root. Ir. has also [arrach], contour,
spectre.
arrachogaidh
, the first hound that gets wind
of, or comes up to the deer (Sh.):
arraghaideach
, careless (Sh.):
arraideach
, erratic: from the Eng.?
[earraid], hermit?
arraidh
,
farraidh
,
suspicion (M`D).
arraing
, a stitch, convulsions, so Ir.;
[*ar-vreng-]? Eng. [wrench], etc.
arral
, foolish pride:
arronta
, bold; see [farranta].
arrusg
, awkwardness, indecency,
arusg
(M`A.):
ars
,
arsa
, quoth, Ir.
[ar], E.Ir. [ar]. The
s
of the Gaelic really
belongs to the pronoun [sé] or [sì], said he, said she, "ar sé, ar
sì". Cf. M.G. "ar san tres ughdar glic" - said the third wise author
([san] being the full art.; now [ars an]. The E.Ir. forms [bar] and
[for], inquit, point to the root [sver], say, Eng. [swear], [answer].
Stokes refers it to the root [ver], [verdh], Eng. [word], adducing
E.Ir. [fordat], [ordat], [oldat], inquiunt, for the [verdh] root.
Thurneysen objects that [ol] or [for] is a preposition, the [-dat]
being the verb [ta] on analogy with other forms [indás], [oldáte].
The original is [al], propter, "further" (see "thall"), like Lat.
[tum] ("tum ille" - then he), later [or] or [for], and later still
[ar] - all prepositions, denoting "further".
àrsaidh
, old, Ir. [ársaidh], O.Ir. [arsid]:
[*ar-sta-]; [sta], stand. It was not observed that Stokes had the
word; but the same conclusion is reached. His stem is [*(p)arostât],
from [paros], before, and [stât], Skr. [purástât], erst.
arsnaig
, arsenic; from the Eng.
arspag
, large species of sea-gull, larus
major:
artan
a stone; see [airtein].
artlaich
, baffle; see [fairtlich].
àruinn
, a forest; [*ag-ro-ni-], root [ag],
Gr.
&acom;/gra
, the chase.
as
,
a
, out of, from, Ir.
[as], O.Ir. [ass],
a
, W.
a
,
[oc], Br.
a
, [ag], Gaul. [ex-]; Lat. [ex]; Gr.
[&ecom;x], etc.
as-
is also used as a privative
particle.
asaid
, delivery; see [aisead].
asair
, also
fasair
, the
herb "asara bacca"; borrowed from Latin name.
asair
, harness, shoemaker, Ir. [asaire],
shoemaker, [assain], greaves, etc., O.Ir. [assa], soccus; Gr.
pax
, sandal (Hes.), Lat. [baxea]; root
[pāg], fit, Gr.
pc/gnumi
(Stokes).
asal
, an ass, so Ir., M.Ir. [assal], W.
[asyn], Cor. [asen]. G. and Ir. are borrowed from Lat. [assellus],
the W. and Corn. from Lat. [asinus].
asbhuain
, stubble; [*as-buain],
"out-reaping", q.v.
ascaoin
, unkind, wrong side of cloth ([caoin
is ascaoin]); [as-], privative, and [caoin], q.v.
ascart
, tow, Ir. [asgartach], M.Ir. [escart],
W. [carth], Br. [skarz], [*ex-skarto-], [*skarto-], dividing, root
[sker], separate; Gr. [skw/r], dung; Eng. [sharn]; etc.
asgaidh
, present, boon, E.Ir. [ascad], O.Ir.
[ascid] (Meyer); for root, see [taisg].
asgailt
, a retreat, shelter; see [fasgadh],
[sgàil]: [*ad-scath-], [ascaid].
asgall
, bosom, armpit, so Ir., Br. [askle],
W. [asgre], bosom. The same as [achlais] (q.v.) be metathesis of the
s
.
asgan
, a grig, merry creature, dwarf (Arm.).
See [aisteach].
asgnadh
, ascending, so Ir.; [*ad-sqendô-];
:at. [scando], etc.
aslach
, request, Ir., O.Ir. [aslach],
persuasio, [adslig], persuades; for root, see [slighe], way.
aslonnach
, prone to tell (Arm.), E.Ir.
[asluindim], I request; [*ad-sloinn], q.v.
asp
, an asp, W. [asp], from the Eng.
àsran
, a forlorn object, Ir. [asránnach],
[astrannach], a stranger: from [astar]?
astail
, a dwelling; see [fasdail].
astail
, a contemptible fellow (M`A.):
astar
, a journey, Ir. [asdar], [astar], E.Ir.
[astur]; [*ad-sod-ro-n], root [sod], [sed], go; Gr.
&obcom;dós
, way, Ch.Sl. [choditi], go; Eng.
[ex-odus]. Stokes (Bez. Beit.
21
1134) now
gives its Celtic form as [*adsîtro-], root [sai] of [saothar], toil.
àsuing
,
àsuinn
,
àsuig
, apparatus, weapon; see [asair](?).
at
, swell, Ir. [at], O.Ir. [att],
[*(p)at-to-], root [pat], extend, as in [aitheamh], q.v. Stokes gives
Celtic as [azdo-] (Got. [asts], twig, etc.); but this would be Gaelic
[ad]. ++
atach
, request, B.of Deer [attác], E.Ir.
[atach], O.Ir. [ateoch], I pray, [*ad-tek-]; Eng. [thig].
atach
, cast-off clothes (Uist,
etc.)=[ath-aodach].
ataig
,
atuinn
, a palisade,
stake:
atamach
, fondling, caressing (M`A):
ath
, next, again: see [ath-].
ath
, flinch; from [ath-], back. Hence
athach
, modest.
ath-
,
aith
, re-, so Ir.,
O.Ir. [ath-], [aith-], [ad-], [*ati], W. [ad-], Br. [at-], [az-];
Gaul. [ate]: Lat. [at], but, [at-] ([atavus]); Lit. [at-], [ata-],
back, Slav. [otŭ]; Skr. [ati], over. Stokes divides Celtic
[ati-] into two, meaning respectively "over" and "re-"; but this seems
unnecessary.
àth
, a ford, Ir., O.Ir. [áth], [*jâtu-];
Skr.[yâ], to go; Lit. [jóti], ride (Stokes).
Beul-àth
:
àth
, a kiln, Ir. [áith], W. [odyn]. Stokes
refers this to a pre-Celtic [apati-], [apatino-], parallel to Eng.
[oven], Got. [auhns], Gr.
&icom;pnós
.
Bezzenberger suggests the Zend. [âtar], fire, as related.
athach
, a giant, Ir. [fathach], [athach];
root [pat], extend? ++
athach
, a breeze, Ir., O.Ir.
[athach]; Gr.
&acom;tmós
, vapour, Eng.
[atmosphere]; Ger. [atem], breath; etc.
athainne
, embers, so Ir.; [*ath-teine](?)
See [aithinne].
athailt
, a scar; see [ath-ail]; see [ail],
mark.
athair
, father, so Ir., O.Ir. [athir]; Lat.
[pater]; Gr.
patc/r
; Skr. [pitár]; Eng.
[father].
athair-neimh
, serpent, Br. [aer], [azr]; for
[nathair-neimh], q.v.
athair-thalmhainn
, yarrow, milfoil, Ir. and
M.Ir. [athair talman]; "pater-telluris!" Also [earr-thalmhainn],
which suggests borrowing from Eng. [yarrow].
athais
, leisure; [ath-fois] = delay, q.v.
athar
, evil effect, consequence (M`A.,
Whyte), [*at-ro-n] from [ath], "re-". See [comharradh]. Sc. [aur] =
[athailt].
athar
, sky, air, Ir. [aiéur], air, sky, O.Ir.
[aér], [aier], W. [awyr]; from Lat. [aer], whence Eng. [air]. See St.
for [aér], [*aver]? Cf. [padhal], [ataidhir], [adhal].
atharla
, heifer; possibly [ath-ar-laogh],
"ex-calf". Cf. E.Ir. [aithirni], calf.
atharnach
, second crop, ground cropped and
ready for ploughing (N.H.) [ath-eòrn-ach]? [*ath-ar-nach], root [ar],
plough.
atharrach
, alteration, Ir. [atharrach], O.Ir.
[aitherrach], Br. [adarre], afresh, [arre], [*ati-ar-reg-], rrot [reg]
of [èirich]. Stokes analyses it into [ati-ex-regô], that is
[ath-éirich].
atharrais
, mocking, imitating (M`K.); (Dial.
[ailis]): [ath-aithris], "re-say", Ir. [aithris], tell, imitation.
See [aithris].
ba!
, part of lullaby; onomatopoetic. Cf.
Eng. [baby], Ger. [bube], etc.
bà
,
bàth
, foolish, Fernaig
MS. [bah]: "deadly", (talky?), root [bā-], kill (speak?); see
[bàs]. Cf. Lat. [fatuus].
babag
, tassle; see [pab].
babhd
, a surmise (M`A.), a quirk; from Lat.
[faut].
babhsganta
,
baosganta
,
cowardly; see [bodhbh]; [babhsgadh], fright, shock (Hend.).
bàbhun
, bulwark, enclosure for cattle, Ir.
[bábhún], whence Eng. [bawn], M.Ir. [bódhún] (Annals of Loch Cé,
1199); from [bó] and [dùn], q.v.
bac
, hindrance, Ir. [bac], M.Ir. [bacaim]
(vb.). See next word.>>
bac
, a crook, Ir. [bac], O.Ir. [bacc], W.
[bach], Br. [bac'h], Celtic [bakko-s]; [*bag-ko-], Norse [bak], Eng.
[back]. Hence
bacach
, lame, E.Ir. [bacach], W.
[bachog], crooked.
bac-mòine
, tuf-pit or bank (N.H.); from Norse
[bakki], a bank, Eng. [bank]. Hence also place-name [Back].
bacastair
, baker,
bacaladh
, oven, Ir. [bacail], baker; all from the Eng.
[bake], [baxter].
bacan
, stake, hinge, Ir. and E.Ir. [bacán].
From [bac].
bach
, drunkenness, Ir. [bach]: from Lat.
[Bacchus].
bachall
, shepherd's crook, crozier, Ir.
[bachul], O.Ir. [bachall], W. [bagl], crutch; from Lat. [baculum],
staff; Gr.
baktcriá
, Eng. [bacteria].
[Bachull gille], slovenly fellow (M`D.).
bachar
, acorn, "Molucca bean", Ir. [bachar];
forrowed from or allied to Lat. [baccar], Gr.
bákkaris
, nard.
bachlag
, a shoot, a curl, Ir. [bachlóg]; from
[bachall] (Thurneysen).
bachoid
, the boss of a shield, Ir. [bocoide],
bosses of shields; from L.Lat. [buccatus], Lat. [bucca], cheek. See
[bucaid].
bad
, a cluster, thicket; cf. Br. [bot],
[bod], bunch of grapes, thicket; common in Breton and Scotch place
names; probably a Pictish word. Cf. Eng. [bud], earlier [bodde]. Cf.
Lat. [fascis] ([*fað-scis]), [*fað-sk-], Norse, Eng. [bast]?
badhal
, a wandering,
bàdharan
; possibly from the root [ba], go, as in
[bothar], q.v. H.S.D. suggests [bà+dol].
bàdhan
, a churchyard (Sutherland), i.e.
"enclosure", same as [bàbhun].
bàdhar
(H.S.D.),
badhar
(Carm.), placenta of cow:
bag
, a bag; from the Eng.
bagaid
, a cluster, troop, W. [bagad], Br.
[bogod]; from Lat. [bacca] (Thurneysen, Ernault).
bagaire
, a glutton; from [bag] in the sence
of "belly".
bagair
, threaten, so Ir., E.Ir. [bacur], a
threat. The W. [bygwl], a threat, etc., is scarcely allied, for it
comes from [bwg], a spectre, bogie, whence possibly the English words
[bogie], [boggle], etc. G. [bagair] may be allied with the root
underlying [bac]; possibly [bag-gar-], "cry-back".
bagaisde
, baggage, lumber (of a person)
(Wh.), from [baggage].
bàgh
, a bay, Ir. [bádh]; from Eng. [bay],
Romance [baja].
baghan
, a stomach ([baoghan], with [ao]
short). Dial.
maghan
(Sutherland); cf. Eng. [maw],
Ger. [magen], Norse [magi].
baibeil
, lying, given to fables; from Eng.
[babble].
baideal
, tower, battlement, ensign,
badealach
, bannered; from M.Eng. [battle],
[battlement], which is of the same origin as [battlement].
bàidh
, love, Ir. [báidhe], M.Ir. [báide],
[báde], [*bâdi-s] (Stokes). Cf. Gr.
fw/tion
, friendly (Hes.), for [fw/qion]; root
[bhā], whence Gr.
fw/s
, man.
baidreag
, a ragged garment; see [paidreag].
bàidse
, musician's fee; from the Eng.
[batch]?
baigeir
, a beggar; from Eng.
baigileis
, looe lumber or baggage (Argyle);
from [baggage].
bail
, thrift, Ir. [bail], success, careful
collection, M.Ir. [bail], goodness, E.Ir. [bulid]:
fulla
; I.E. root [bhel], swell, increase. See
[buil], [bile]. Hence
baileach
. Cf. [adhbhal],
bélteros
.
bailbheag
, a corn poppy; also
beilbheag
,
mealbhag
,
meilbheag
.
bailc
, a ridge, beam, W. [balc], from Eng.
[balk].
bailc
, seasonable rain, showers:
bailceach
, strong, a strong man, E.Ir.
[balc], strong, W. [balch], (Stokes). Likely a Celtic [bal-ko-], root
[bal], as in [bail]. So Ost.; Skr. [balam], strength ([adhbhal]), Gr.
bélteros
; Wh. St. [bolij&ibreve;],
greater; Lat. [debilis].
baile
, town, township, Ir., E.Ir. [baile],
[*balio-s], a pre-Celtic [bhv-alio-], root [bhu-], be; Gr, [fwleós], a
lair; Norse [ból], a "bally", further Eng. [build], [booth].
baileach
, excessive; see [bail]. Also
buileach
.
bàilisdeir
, babbler, founded on Eng.
Scandinavian [balderdash].
bàillidh
, a magistrate, balie; from Sc.
[bailzie] (Eng. [bailiff]), Fr. [bailli].
baineasag
, a ferret, Ir. [baineasóg];
[bán+neas], "white weasel", q.v.
bàinidh
, madness, fury, Ir. [báinidhe]; Ir.
[mainigh] (O'Br.), from Lat. [mania]; see [bà].
bainisg
, a little old woman, female satirist
(Carm.) = [ban=éisg]; from [ban], [bean], q.v.
bainne
, milk, Ir., M.Ir. [bainne]; also
boinne
, milk (Sutherland), a drop, Ir., M.Ir. [bainne],
milk. O.Ir. [banne], drop
Cor., Br. [banne], gutta; root
[bha]; O.Slav. [banja], bath; Eng. [bath], etc.
bàir
, a game, goal, Ir. [báire], hurling
match, goal, M.Ir. [báire]: [*bag-ro-], root [bāg-], strive; see
[arabhaig].
bàireach
, a ball.
baircinn
, side timbers of a house (Sh.):
baireachd
, quarrelling (Carm.); cf.
[bàirseag]. ++
bairghin
, bread, cake, Ir.
[bairghean], E.Ir. [bargen], W., Cor., and Br. [bara], panis,
[*bargo-]; Lat. [ferctum], oblation cake; Ag.S. [byrgan], to taste,
Norse [bergja], taste.
bàirich
, lowing; root of [bó], cow. Cf.
[bùirich].
bàirig
, bestow; from Eng. [ware], as also
[bathar].
bàirleigeadh
,
bàirneigeadh
, warning, summonsl; from the Eng.
[warning].
bàirlinn
, rooling wave, billow; [bàir-linn],
from ++
bàir
, wave, borrowed from Norse [bára],
wave, billow. For [linne], see that word.
bàirneach
, a limpet, Ir. [báirneach] (Fol.),
W. [brenig], Cor. [brennic]: from M.Eng. [bernekke], now [barnacle],
from Med.Lat. [bernaca]. Stokes takes [bàirnech] from [barenn], rock,
as Gr. [lepás], limpet, is allied to [lépas], rock.
bàirneachd
, judgment (Sh.), Ir., W., Br.
[barn], root [ber] in [bràth], q.v.
bàirseag
, a scold (Sh.), Ir. [bairseach],
M.Ir. [bairsecha], foolish talk, [bara], wrath, W. [bâr], wrath.
Stokes refers [bara] to the same origin as Lat. [ferio], I strike,
Norse [berja], smite, etc.
baisceall
, a wild person (Sh.); M.Ir.
[basgell] (i. [geltan], [boiscell]; root in [bà], foolish? [+ciall].
baiseach
, a heavy shower, Ir. [báisdeach],
rain, [bais], water; cf. O.Ir. [baithis], baptism, which may be
borrowed from Lat. [baptisma] (Windish). The root here is [bad], of
[bàth], drown. Ir. [baiseach], raining (Clare), from [baisteadh],
Lat. [baptisma] (Zim.).
baist
, baptise, Ir. [baisd], O.Ir. [baitsim],
from Lat. [baptizo], which is from Gr.
baptízw
, dip.
baiteal
, a battle; from Eng. [battle].
balach
, clown, lad, Ir. [balach], clown,
churl; cf. Skr. [bālakas], a little boy, from [bāla],
young. But cf. W. [bala], budding, root [bhel]. Rathlin Ir.
[bachlach].
balaiste
, ballast; from the Eng.
balbh
, dumb, so Ir., E.Ir. [balb]; borrowed
from Lat. [balbus].
balc
, ridge, etc.; see [bailc]. Also "calf
of leg" (Wh.).
balc
, misdeed:
balcach
, splay-footed (H.S.D.). Cf. Gr.
folkós
, bandy-legged(?).
balg
, belly, bag, Ir. [bolg], O.Ir. [bolc],
W. [bol], [boly], belly, Cor. [bol], Gaulish [bulga] (Festus),
sacculus; Got. [balgs], wine-skin, Norse [belgr], skin, bellows, Eng.
[belly].
balgair
, a fox:
balgum
, mouthful, M.G. [bolgama] (pl.), Ir.
[blogam]; from [balg]. Cf. O.Ir. [bolc uisce], a bubble.
ball
, a member, Ir., O.Ir. [ball]; Gr.
fallós
; Eng. [phallus]; root [bhel],
swell.
ball
, a spot, Ir., M.Ir. [ball],
white-spotted on forehead (of a horse), Br. [bal] (do.). The Gaelic
suggests a stem [bal-no-], Celtic root [bal], white, Gr.
falós
, shining, [fálaros] (phalāros),
white-spotted (of animals); I.E. [bhēl]: [bhale], shine; whence
Eng. [bale]-fire. Stokes says the Irish [ball] seems allied to the
Romance [balla], a ball, Eng. [bale] and [ball](?). Hence
ballach
, spotted. W. [bal], spotted on forehead.
ball
, a ball; from Eng.
balla
, wall, Ir. [balla] (Four Masters),
[fala] (Munster); from M.Eng. [bailly], an outer castle wall, now in
Old Bailey, from Med.Lat. [ballium].
ballaire
, a cormorant; from [ball], spot.
ballan
, a vessel, tub, Ir. [ballán], E.Ir.
[ballan]. Stokes cfs. Norse [bolli], bowl, Eng. [bowl], and says that
the Gaelic is probably borrowed.
ballart
, boasting, clamour; probably from
Norse [ballra], strepere, [baldrast], make a clatter (Eng.
[balderdash]), Ger. [poltern].
balt
, a welt: see [bolt].
bàn
, white, Ir., O.Ir. [bán]; I.E. root
[bhā], shine; Gr.
fanós
(
a
long), bright; Skr.
[bhânù], light; further away is Eng. [bale] ([bale]-fire).
ban-
,
bana-
, she-,
female-; see [bean].
banabachadh
, worse for wear (M`D):
banachag
, dairymaid:
banachdach
, vaccination:
banair
, sheep fold; see rather [mainnir].
banais
, a wedding, wedding feast, Ir.
[bainfheis], wedding feast, M.Ir. [banais], g. [baindse]; from
[ban+féisd]?
banarach
, dairymaidl from [ban-] and
[àireach]. ++
banbh
, a pig, Ir. [banbh], E.Ir.
[banb], W. [banw], Br. [banv], [bano], [*banvo-s]. The word appears
as [Banba], a name for Ireland, and, in Scotland, as Banff. M`L. and
D. gives the further meaning of "land unploughed for a year".
banc
, a bank; from the Eng.
bànchuir
, squeamishness at sea (H.S.D., which
derives it from [bàn] and [cuir]).
bangadh
, a binding, promise (Sh., H.S.D.),
Ir. [bangadh]. (H.S.D. suggests Lat. [pango], whence it may have
come.
bangaid
, a banquet, christening feastl from
Eng. [banquet].
bann
, a belt, band; from Eng. [band]. It
also means a "hinge". Dialectic
spann
.
bannag
, a Christmas cake; from the Sc.
[bannock]. See [bonnach].
bannag
, corn-fan; from Lat. [vannus], Eng.
[fan].
bannal
, a troop, gang, Ir. [banna]; from Eng.
[band]. Cf. E.Ir. [ban-dál], assembly of ladies. Also
pannail
.
bansgal
(Dial. [banasgal]), a female, a
hussy, Ir. [bansgal], E.Ir. [banscál], O.Ir. [banscala], servae; root
of [sgalag].
bantrach
, a widow, E.Ir. [bantrebthach],
landlady: [ban+trebthach], farmer, from [treb] in [treabhadh],
[aitreabh].
baobh
, a wicked woman, witch, Ir. [badhbh],
hoodie crow, a fairy, a scold, E.Ir. [badb], crow, demon, [Badba], the
Ir. war-goddess, W. [bod], kite, Gaul. [Bodv-], [Bodvo-gnatus], W.
[Bodnod]; Norse [böð], g. [boðvar], war, Ag.S. [beadu], g. [beadwe],
[*badwa-] (Rhys.). In Stokes' Dict. the Skr. [bádhate], oppress, Lit.
[bádas], famine, are alone given. Also
baogh
.
baodhaiste
, ill usage from the weather:
baoghal
, danger, so Ir., O.Ir. [baigul],
[baegul]; cf. Lit. [bai-me@?], fear, [bai-gus], shy, Skr. [bhayate],
fear.
baoghan
, a calf, anything jolly; from
[baoth].
baogram
, a flighty emotion (Dialectic);
founded on
baogadh
, a dialectic form of [biog],
q.v.
baoileag
, blaeberry; cf. Eng. [bil]berry,
Dan. [bölle]bær.
baoireadh
, foolish talk; founded on
[baothaire], fool, from [baoth], q.v. ++
baois
,
lust, so Ir., E.Ir. [baes], [*baisso-] (Stokes); compared by
Bezzenberger to Gr.
faidrós
, shining,
and by Strachan to the root [gheidh], desire, Lit. [geidu], desire,
Ch.Sl. [z@?ida], expetere, Goth. [gaidw], a want. Possibly allied to
Lat. [foedus], foul.
baois
, madness, so Ir., E.Ir. [báis]; from
[baoth] (Zim. Z
32
229) = [báithas]. Cf.
[sgìth], [sgìos].
baoisg
, shine forth: see [boillsg].
baoiteag
, a small wite maggot; see [boiteag].
baol
, nearness of doing anything (M`A.);
[baoghal]? Cf. its use in Fern. MS.
baoth
, foolish, so Ir., O.Ir. [báith],
[baeth]; root [bai], fear, as in [baoghal]; Cor. [bad], Br. [bad],
stupidity, are not allied, nor is Goth. [bauths], dumb, as some
suggest. Hence
baothair
, fool.
bara
, a barrow, Ir. [bara], E.Ir. [bara];
from M.Eng. [barowe], Eng. [barrow].
barail
, opinion, Ir. [baramhuil], M.Ir.
[baramail]: [bar+samhail]; for [bar-], see [bàirneachd], [bràth].
baraill
, a barrel, Ir. [báirille], E.Ir.
[barille], W. [baril]; from M.E. [barel], from O.Fr. [baril].
baraisd
,
barraisd
, borage;
Ir. [barraist]; from the Eng. [borage].
baran
, a baron; Ir. [barún], W. [barwn]; from
the Eng.
barant
, surety, warrant, Ir., M.Ir.
[baránta], W. [gwarant]; from M.Eng. [warant], now [warrant]. So St.
barbair
, a barber, Ir. [bearrbóir] (Fol.), W.
[barfwr]; from the Eng.
barbarra
, barbarous, Ir. [barbartha]; from
Lat. [barbarus], Eng. [barbarous].
bar-bhrigein
, silver-weed (Arm.); also
brisgean
(from [brisg]):
barbrag
, tangle tops, barberry; from Eng.
[barberry]. In Lewis, the former is called
bragaire
.
bàrc
, a bark, boat, Ir. [bárc], E.Ir. [barc],
W. [barg], Br. [barc]. These words are all ultimately from the Late
Latin [barca], whence throught Fr. comes Eng. [bark].
bàrc
, rush (as water), Ir. [bárcaim], break
out; cf. M.Ir. [barc], multitude; Lat. [farcio], cram, [frequens],
numerous.
bàrd
, a poet, Ir. [bárd], E.Ir. [bard], W.
[bardd], Br. [barz], Gaul. [bardos], [*bardo-s]; Gr.
frázw
(
frad-
),
speak (Eng. [phrase].
bàrd
, dyke, inclosure, meadow, Ir. [bárd], a
guard, garrison; from Eng. [ward], enclosed pasture land (Liddell 35).
bargan
, a bargain, W. [bargen]; from the Eng.
[bargain].
bàrlag
, a rag, tatter-demalion; cf. Ir.
[barlín], sheet, for [braith-lín], q.v.
bàrluadh
, a term in pipe music; from Eng.
[bar] + G. [luath].
bàrnaig
, a summons; from the Eng. [warning].
barpa
, barrow, cairn (H.S.D., a Skye word).
Cape Wrath is [Am Parph] in Gaelic ([An Carbh], Lewis); from Norse
[Hvarf], a turning, rounding, Eng. [wharf].
bàrr
, top, Ir. [bárr], O.Ir. [barr], W., Cor.
[bar], Br. [barr], [*barso-]; Norse [barr], pine needles, Ag.S.
[byrst], Eng. [bristle], [burr]; Lat. [fastiguim] (for [farstigium],
top; Skr. [bh&rdot;shti], a point. Hence
barrachd
,
overplus.
bàrrlach
, refuse, flotsam (Wh.).
barra
, a spike, bar, Ir. [bárra], W. [bar],
nail, etc.; all from the Eng. [bar].
barra-gùg
,, potato bloom, bud. See [gucag].
Also [barr-guc].
bàrraisg
, boasting, brag,
bàrsaich
, vain, prating; see [bàirseag].
barramhaise
, a cornice (A.M`D.);
[barr+maise]. Also
barr-maisich
(verb), ornament
(M`A.).
barrlait
, a check (Carm.):
bas
, palm of the hand, Ir., O.Ir. [bas],
[bass], [boss], Br. [boz], [*bostâ]; Gr.
&acom;gostós
.
bàs
, death, Ir., O.Ir. [bás]; Celtic root
[bā], [ba], hit, slay, whence Gaul. Lat. [batuere] (Eng.
[battls], etc.); Ag.S. [beadu], war.
basaidh
, a basin; from Sc. [bassie], Eng.
[basin].
bascaid
, a basket, Ir. [basgaod], W.
[basged]; from the Eng. [basket].
basdal
, noise, gaiety; from Norse [bastle],
turmoil.
basdard
, a bastard, so Ir. and M.Ir., W.
[basdardd]; all from the Eng. [bastard].
basgaire
, mourning, Ir. [bascarrach],
lamentation, clapping with the hands, M.Ir. [basgaire]; [bas+gaire],
"palm-noise"; for [baire], see [goir]. Also
basraich
.
basganta
, melodious:
basg-luath
, vermilion; from the obsolete adg.
[basg], red, E.Ir. [basc], and [luath], ashes, q.v. Stokes cfs.
[basc] to Lat. [bacca] (for [bat-ca]), berry.
bat
,
bata
, a stick, Ir.
[bata]; from M.Eng. [batte], stick, now [bat], which comes from O.Fr.
[batte], from Gaul. Lat. [battuere], as under [bàs], q.v. The Br.
[baz] seems borrowed from the Fr. thought it may be native.
bàta
, a boat, Ir. [bád], M.Ir. [bát], W.
[bâd]; all from Ag.S. [bât], Eng. [boat], Norse, [bátr] (Stokes). K.
Meyer takes Ir. and G. from the Norse.
batail
, a fight; see [baiteal].
bàth
, drown, Ir. [báthaim], O.Ir. [bádud]
(inf.), W. [boddi], Br. [beuzi]; I.E. [&gcurly;ādh], sink, Gr.
baqús
, deep,
-bdúw
, sink, Skr. [gāhas], the deep. Gl.
[fodio] (Ern.).
bàth
, vain, foolish (Hend.); see
bà
. Skye.
bàthaich
, a byre, Ir. [bothigh], W. [beudy];
[bó+tigh], "cow-house".
bathais
, forehead, Ir. [baithis], pate, E.Ir.
[baithes], crown of the forehead; [*bat-esti-], from [bat], I.E.
[bhā], shine, Gr.
fásis
,
appearance, [phase]. See [bàn] further. Lat. [facies], face,
appearance, may be allied, though the latest authorities connect it
with [facio], make.
bathar
, wares; from the Eng. [wares]. ++
beabhar
, beaver, Ir. [beabhar] (Lh.), Cor. [befer], Br.
[bieuzr], Gaul. [Bibrax]; Lat. [fiber]; Eng. [beaver], A.S. [béofor].
Gaelic and Ir. are doubtful.
beach
, a bee, so Ir., O.Ir. [bech], W.
[begegyr], drone, [*biko-s]; a root [bi-] appears in Eng. [bee], Ag.
S. [beó] (=[*bija]), Ger. [biene] (=[*bi-nja]), Lit. [bitis]. Stokes
makes the Celtic stem [beko-s], but does not compare it with any other
language.
beachd
, opinion, notice, Ir. [beacht],
certain, E.Ir. [becht], [bechtaim], I certify; [*bhig-to-]; Lat.
[figo] (St. Z.C.P. 71).
beadaidh
, impudent, fastidious, Ir.
[béadaidh], [beadaidh], sweet-mouthed, scoffing; E.Ir. [bet], talking,
shameless girl (Corm.): [*beddo-], [*bez-do-], root [bet],
[&gcurly;et], as in [beul].
beadradh
, fondling, caressing,
beadarrach
, pampered:
beag
, little, Ir. [beag], O.Ir. [becc], W.
[bach], Cor. [bechan], Br. [bic'han], [bian], [*bezgo-]; Lat. [vescus]
(=[gvesgus])? Some have connected it with Gr.
mikrós
, Dor.Gr. [mikkós], and Dr Cameron
suggested Lat. [vix], scarcely.
beairt
, engine, loom: see [beart].
beairtean
, shrouds, rigging; see [beart].
bealach
, a pass, Ir. [bealach], pass, road,
E.Ir. [belach], cf. Skr. [bíla], gap, mouth; [bilako-n] (C.RR. 174).
Cf. W. [bwlch], pass, etc? See [bile].
bealaidh
, broom, Ir. [beallýi] (Lh. [Comp.
Voc.]); cf. Br. [balan], M.Br. [balazn], O.Fr. [balain]; also Fr.
[balai], older [balain], a broom. This might be referred to the
common root [bhel], bloom (prolific as a root, like the corresponding
root of [broom], as in W. [balannu], to bud), but the W. for "broom"
is [banadl], Cor. [banathel], which M. Ernault has compared with Lat.
[genista], broom (root [gen], beget?). Jub. gives Br. as [banadlon]
(R.C.
18
106). The Br. might be a metathesis
of W. [banadl] (cf. Br. [alan] v. [anail]). It is possible that
Gaelic is borrowed from the Pictish; the word does not appear in the
Ir. Dictionaries, save in Lh.'s Celt. part, which perhaps proves
nothing.
bealbhan-ruadh
, a species of hawk (Sh.,
O'R.); for [bealbhan], cf. ++
bealbhach
, a bit,
from [beul], mouth?
bealtuinn
, May-day, Ir. [béalteine], E.Ir.
[beltene], [belltaine], [*belo-te(p)niâ] (Stokes), "bright-fire",
where [belo-] is allied to Eng. [bale] ("bale-fire"), Ag.S. [bael],
Lit. [baltas], white. The Gaul. god-names [Belenos] and [Belisama]
are also hence, and Shakespeare's [Cym-beline]. Two needfires were
lighted on Beltane among the Gael, between which they drove their
cattle for purification and luck; hence the proverb: "Eadar dà theine
Bhealltuinn" - Between two Beltane fires.
bean
, wife, so Ir. [ben], W. [bun], [benyw],
Cor. [benen], sponsa, Celtic [benâ], g. [bnâs], pl.n. [bnâs]; Gr.
[gunc/], Bœot. Gr. [baná]; Got. [ginô], Eng. [queen], Sc.
[queyn]; Skr. [gnâ].
bean
, touch, Ir. [beanaim], beat, touch,
appertain to, O.Ir. [benim], pulso, ferio, Br. [bena], to cut, M.Br.
[benaff], hit; [*bina], root [bin], [bi] (O.Ir. [ro bi], percussit,
[bithe], perculsus), from I.E. [bhi], [bhei], hit; Ch.Sl. [bija],
[biti], strike; O.H.G. [bîhal], axe; Gr.
fitrós
, log. Further is root [bheid], split,
Eng. [bite]. Usually [bean] has been referred to I.E. [&gcurly;hen],
[&gcurly;hon], hit, slay; Gr.
fen-
,
slay,
epefnon
, slew,
fónos
, slaughter,
qeínw
, strike; Skr. [han], hit; but [&gcurly;h] =
G.
b
is doubtful.
beann
, top, horn, peak, Ir. [beann], O.Ir.
[benn], pinna, W. [ban], height, peak, M.Br. [ban], also [benny],
horn, pipe (music), Gaul. [canto-bennicus] mons, "white peak" mount;
proto-Gaelic [bennâ]; root [&gcurly;en-], [&gcurly;n-], as in Eng.
[knoll], Sc. [knowe]. In Scotch Gaelic, the oblique form
beinn
has usurped the place of [beann], save in the
gen.pl.
beannachd
, blessing, so Ir., O.Ir.
[bendacht], W. [bendith]l from Lat. [bendictio], whence Eng.
[benediction].
beannag
, a skirt, corner, coif, Ir.
[beannóg]; from [beann].
beantag
, a corn-fan; see
bannag
.
bearach
, dog-fish (M`A.); O.Ir. [berach],
verutus, from [bior]; cf. Eng. "picked or horned dogfish";
"bone-dog".
bearachd
, judgement (Sh., O'R.); root [bera],
[brâ], as in [bràth], q.v.
bearbhain
, vervain; from Eng. [vervain], Lat.
[verbena].
bearn
, a breach, cleft, Ir. [bearna], E.Ir.
[berna]; I.E. [bher], cut, bore; Lat. [forare], bore; Gr.
fáros
, a plough,
farw
, split; Arm. [beran], mouth; Ch.Sl. [bar],
clip; Eng. [bore]. Also [bern], fen in E.Ir.
beàrr
, shear, Ir. [béarraim], O.Ir.
[berraim], O.W. [byrr], short, Cor. [ber], Br. [berr], short,
[*berso-]; Gr.
fársos
, any piece cut
off; root [bhera], as in [bearn].
bearraideach
, flighty, nimble; from [beàrr]?
beart
, a deed, Ir. [beárt], load, action,
E.Ir. [bert], bundle, birth; Gr.
fórtos
, burden; root, [bher], in [beir], q.v.
Also
beairt
, engine, loom. It is used in many
compounds in the sense of "gear", as in
cais-bheart
, foot-gear, shoes;
ceann-bheart
, head-gear, helmet, etc.
beartach
, rich; from [beart]; W. [berth],
rich, [berthedd], riches.
beatha
, life, so Ir. O.Ir. [bethu], g.
[bethad], Celtic stem [bitât-], divided into [bi-tât]; see [bith]
(i.e. [bi-tu-]) for root. It is usual for philologists to represent
the stem of [beatha] as [bivotât], that is [bi-vo-tât-], the [bi-vo-]
part being the same as the stem [bivo] of [beò]. While the root [bi]
is common to both [beatha] and [beò], the former does not contain
[-vo-]; it is the O.Ir. nom. [beothu] ([*bi-tûs]) that has set
philologists wrong. Hence G. and Ir.
beathach
,
animal. Ir. [beathadhach], dial. of [beathach].
beic
, a curtesy; from Sc. [beck], curtesy, a
dialectic use of Eng. [beck], [beckon]. Hence
beiceis
, bobbing, etc. (M`A.).
beil
, grind; a very common form of [meil],
q.v.
beil
, is; see [bheil].
beilbheag
, corn-poppy; see [mealbhag]. Also
bailbheag
.
béileach
, a muzzle, Ir. [beulmhach], a
bridle, bit, [-mhach] for [bach] termination from [bongim], beat; from
[beul].
béilleach
, blubber-lipped,
béileach
(H.S.D.); from [beul]. The first form
suggests a stem [bél-nac-]. Cf.
béilean
, a prating
mouth. Also
méilleach
.
beilleag
, outer coating of birch, rind; also
méilleag
, q.v.
beince
,
being
(H.S.D.), a
bench; from Sc. [bink]; Eng. [bench]. Cf. Ir. [beinse], W. [mainc],
Br. [menk].
beinn
, hill, ben; oblique form of [beann]
(f.n.), used as a fem.nom., for [beann] sounds masculine beside
[ceann], etc. See [beann].
beinneal
, binding of a sheaf of corn, bundle;
from Sc. [bindle], a cord of straw or other for binding, Eng.
[bundle]; from [bind].
beir
, catch, bring forth, Ir. [beirim], O.Ir.
[berim], W. [cymmeryd], to take, accept, Br. [kemeret] (=[com-ber-]);
I.E. [bher], whence Lat. [fero], Gr. [férw], Eng. [bear], Skr.
[bharami].
beirm
,
bairm
, (Hend.),
barm, yeast; from Sc. [barm] (pronounced [berm], Eng. [barm]; Lat.
[fermentum].
beisear
, plate-rack on dresser (Rob.).
béist
, a beast, Ir. [bíast], [péist], O.Ir.
[béist], W. [bwystfil]; from Lat. [bestia] (Eng. [beast]). Also
biast
.
beith
, birch, so Ir., O.Ir. [bethe], W.
[bedw], Br. [bezuenn], Celtic [betvâ], Lat. [betula], Fr. [boule].
beithir
, a serpent, any wild beast, monster,
a huge skate, Ir. [beithir], wild beast, bear, E.Ir. [beithir], G.
[bethrach]. In the sense of "bear", the word is, doubtless, borrowed;
but there seems a genuine Celtic word [betrix] behind the other
meanings, and the [beithir] or [beithir béimneach] is famed in myth.
Cf. Lat. [bēstia], for [bet-tia]? Norse [bera], bear (fem.),
[beirfhall], bearskin, Eng. [bear] (Zim. K.B.
1
286).
beitir
, neat, clean (M`F.):
beò
, living, Ir., O.Ir. [beó], W. [byw], Br.
[beu], [*bivo-s]; Lat. [vîvus], living, [vîta]; Gr.
bíotos
, a living; Eng. [quick]; Skr. [jîvá],
living; I.E. [&gcurly;ei-], [&gcurly;i-], live. See also [beatha],
[bith].
beóir
, beer, Ir. [beór]; from Ag.S. [beór],
Norse [bjórr] (Eng. [beer]).
beòlach
, ashes with hot embers (M`A.); from
[beò] + [luathach], "live-ashes". Another
beòlach
,
lively youth, hero, stands for [beò-lach]; for [-lach], see [òglach].
beuban
, anything, mangled:
beuc
, roar, Ir. [béic], O.Ir. [béccim], W.
[beichio], [baich], [*beikkiô]; Cor. [begy], Br. [begiat], squeal,
[baeguel], bleat, [*baikiô] (Stokes). The difficulty of the vowels as
between G. and W. ([é] should give [wy]) suggests comparison with
[creuchd], W. [craith], [*crempt-] (Strachan). Thus [beuc], [baich]
suggests [benk-ko-], further [g&ndot;k-ko-], root [&gcurly;em], Lat.
[gemo], etc. The same result can be derived from the root [geng-] of
[geum], q.v.
beud
, mischief, hurt, Ir. [béad], E.Ir.
[bét], [*bento-n]; allied to Eng. [bane].
beul
, mouth, so Ir., O.Ir. [bél], [*bet-lo-],
I.E. [&gcurly;et-], whence Eng. [quoth], Got. [qithan]. The idea is
the "speaker". Some connect W. [gwefl] (=[vo-bel]), but this is
probably [*vo-byl], [byl], edge (Ernault).
beulaobh
, front, E.Ir. [ar-bélaib], O.Ir.
[bélib]; dat.pl. of [beul]; also mixed with this is the O.Ir. acc.pl.
[béulu].
beum
, a stroke, cut, taunt, Ir. and O.Ir.
[béim], nom.pl. [bémen], blow, from the root [beng], [bong], which
appears in [buain]; cf. [ceum] from [ceng-men], [leum] from
[leng-men]. This agrees with Cor. [bom], blow. Some suggest
[beid-men] or [beids-men], root [bheid], Eng. [bite], which suits G.
best as to meaning. The favourite derivation has been [*ben-s-men],
root [ben] of [bean].
beur
,
beurra
, Mbeurtha>,
sharp, pointed, clear; gibe, jeer (Hend.); cf. Ir. [béarrtha],
clipped, from [beàrr]; from [berr-tio-s], with
i
regressive into [berr], giving [beirr].
beurla
, English, language, Ir. [beurla],
speech, language, especially English; O.Ir. [bélre]; [bél]+[re],
[bél], mouth, and the abstract termination [-re] (as in [luibhre],
[buidhre], etc.).
beus
, conduct, habit, so Ir., O.Ir. [bés],
Br. [boaz], [*beissu-], [beid-tu-], root [beid], I.E. [bheidh], Gr.
peiqw
, persuade, Lat. [fides], English
[faith]. Others derive it from [bhend], bind, giving [bhend-tu-] as
the oldest stem. Windisch suggests connection with Got. [bansts],
barn, Skr. [bhâsa], cowstall. The Breton [oa] seems against these
derivations.
bha
,
bhà
, was, Ir. [do
bhámar], we were ([bhá-]), [do bhí], was, M.Ir. [ro bói], was, O.Ir.,
[bói], [bái], [búi], a perfect tense, [*bove(t)], for [bebove]; Skr.
[babhūva]; Gr.
péfu-ke
; I.E.
[bheu], to be, as in Lat. [fui], was (an aorist form), Eng. [be].
bhàn
,
a bhàn
, down; by
eclipsis for [a(n) bh-fàn], "into declivity", from [fàn], a declivity,
Ir., O.Ir., [fán], proclive, W. [gwaen], a plain, planities montana,
[*vag-no-], root, [vag], bow, etc., Lat. [vagor], wander, Ger.
[wackeln], wobble. Ir. has also [fán], a wandering, which comes near
the Lat. sense. In Sutherlandshire, the adj.
fàn
,
prone, is still used.
bheil
, is, Ir. [fuil], [bh-fuil], O.Ir.
[fail], [fel], [fil], root [vel] ([val]), wish, prevail, Lat. [volo],
[valeo], Eng. [will].
bho
,
o
, from Ir. [ó],
[ua], O.Ir., [ó], [úa], [*ava]; Lat. [au]-fero, "away"-take; Ch.Sl.
[u-]; Skr. [ava], from.
bhos
,
a bhos
, on this
side; from the eclipsed form [a(n) bh-fos], "in station", in rest, Ir.
[abhus], O.Ir. [i foss], here, O.Ir. [foss], remaining, staying, rest.
See [fois], rest, for root.
bhur
,
bhur n-
, your, Ir.
[bhar n-], O.Ir. [bar n-], [far n-], [*svaron] (Stokes),
[*s-ves-ro-n]. For [sves-], see [sibh]. Cf. for form Got. [izvara],
Lat. [nostrum] (nos[-tero-], where [-tero-] is a fuller comparitive
form than Celtic [-(e)ro-], [-ro-] of [sves-ro-n], [svaron]).
bi
,
bì
, be Ir. [bí], be
thou, O.Ir. [bíu], sum, [bí] be thou, O.W. [bit], sit, [bwyf], sim,
M.Br. [bezaff]. Proto-Celtic [bhv-ijô], for O.Ir. [bíu], I am; Lat
[fio]; Eng. [be]; I.E. root [bheu], be. See [bha]. Stokes differs
from other authorities in referring [bíu], [bí] to Celtic [beiô], root
[bei], [bi], live, as in [bith], [beatha], Lat. [vivo], etc.
bi
,
bigh
, doorpost,
threshold (Hend.), E.Ir. [di bí] = two posts. M`A. has [bìgh], post,
pillar.
biadh
, food, so Ir., O.Ir., O.Ir. [biad],
[*bivoto-n], whence W. [bywyd], vita, Cor. [buit], cibus, Br. [boed],
food. [bivoto-n] is a derivative from [bivo-] of [beò], living, q.v.
bian
, a hide, Ir., E.Ir. [bían], [*beino-];
root [bhei-], as in Eng. [bite], Lat. [findo]. For force, cf. Gr.
dérma
, skin, from [der], split, Eng.
[tear]. Cf., for root, [bean], hit.
biasgach
, niggardly; from [biast]. In some
parts [biast] is applied to a niggardly person. H.S.D. refers it to
[biadh]+[sgathach], catching at morsels.
biast
, a beast, worthless person; see
[béist]. The word
biast
, abuse, is a metaphoric
use of [biast].
biatach
, a raven (Sh.); cf. [biatach],
[biadhtach], a provider, farmer, from [biadh].
biatas
, betony, beet, Ir. [biatuis], W.
[betys]; from Lat. [bētis], [bēta], Eng. [beet]. Also
biotais
.
biathainne
, earth-worm, hook-bait,
biathaidh
(Dialectic); from [biadh]. Cf. Lat. [esca],
bait, for [ed-sca], [ed]=[eat]. The word
biathadh
in many places means "to entice".
biatsadh
, provisions for a journey,
[viaticum]; formed from [biadh], with, possibly, a leaning on
[viaticum].
bicas
, viscount (Arm.). Founded on the Eng.,
and badly spelt by Armstrong: either
biceas
or
biocas
.
bicein
, a single grain (Arg.). From [bioc],
[pioc]? (Wh.)
biceir
, a wooden dish; from Sc. [bicker],
Eng. [beaker]. Also
bigeir
,
bigein
.
bìd
, a very small portion, a nip, a chirp.
In the sense of "small portion", the word is from the Sc. [bite],
[bit], Eng. [bite], [bit]. In the sense of "chirp, a small sound",
O'R. has an Ir. word [bíd], "song of birds". See
bìog
. Hence
bìdein
, diminutive
person or thing. Cf. W. [bidan], of like force.
bideag
, a bit, bittie; from Sc. [bittock],
dim. of Eng. [bit].
bideag
, a fence (Stew.),
bid
(Sh.), Ir. [bíd], [bídeán] (O'R.), W. [bid],
quickset hedge, [bidan], a twig; [*bid-do-], root [bheid], split?
bidhis
, a vice, screw, so Ir.; from Eng.
[vice].
bidse
, a bitch; from the English.
bìgh
,
bigh
, pith of wood,
gum. See
bìth
/
bil
,
bile
, edge, lip, Ir.
[bil], mouth, E.Ir., [bil], [bile], W. [byl], [*bili-], [bilio-].
Root [bhi], [bhei], split; cf. Skr. [bíla], a hole, mouth of a vessel,
etc.; [vil], edge : W. also [myl].
bileag
,
bile
, a leaf,
blade, Ir. [billeóg], [bileóg], [*biliâ], I.E. root [bhela], [bhale],
[bhlē], [bhlō], as in [blàth]; Lat. [folium]; Gr.
fúllon
, a leaf; further, Eng. [blade].
bilearach
,
bileanach
,
sea-grass, sweet-grass; from [bile].
bileid
, a billet; from the Eng.
bilistear
, a mean, sorry fellow, a glutton,
Ir., E.Ir. [bille], mean, paltry. In the Heb. it means, "rancid
butter" (H.S.D.).
binid
, also
minid
(Arg.),
cheese, rennet, bag that holds the rennet, stomach, Ir. [binid], O.Ir.
[binit], rennet; [*binenti-], "biter", root of [bean]? Cf. [muinne],
stomach.
binn
, melodious, so Ir., O.Ir. [bind],
[*bendi], [*bydi-]; O.Br. [bann] (St.); Skr. [bhandate], joyful,
[bhand], receive loud praise, [bhandána], shouting (Stokes, who adds
Lat. [fides], lyre). The idea may, however, be "high", root of
[beann], peak, [binneach], high-headed. See next also.>>
binn
, sentence, verdict; [*bendi-],
[*benni-]; cf. E.Ir. [atboind], proclaims, [*bonnô], I ban. Cf. Skr.
[bhan], speak, Eng. [ban]. It is clear that Gaelic has an ablaut in
[e:o] connected with the root [bha], speak.
binndich
, curdle; from [binid], q.v.
binnein
, pinnacle; from [beann], q.v.
bìoball
,
pìoball
, Bible,
Ir. [biobla], W. [bebil]; from Lat. [biblia], Eng. [bible].
biod
, pointed top; root in [biodag],
[bidean].
biodag
, a daggar, Ir. [bideóg] (O'R.),
[miodóg], W. [bidog], O.Br. [bitat], resicaret, [*biddo-], [bid-do-],
Celtic root [bid], [beid], I.E. [bhid], [bheid], Lat. [findo], Eng.
[bite], Skr. [bhid], split. Hence Eng. [bodkin], possibly.
biog
,
bìog
, a start, Ir.
[bíodhg], E.Ir. [bedg], O.Ir. [du-bidcet], jaculantur, [*bizgo-], root
[bis], [&gcurly;is], root [&gcurly;i-] of [beò]. Consider
bìogail
, lively, [quick].
bìog
,
biog
, chirp;
onomatopetic; cf. Lat. [pipe], chirp, Eng. [pipe]; also Eng. [cheep].
Also
bìd
, q.v.
bìogarra
, churlish; "cheepish", from [bìog],
cheep.
biolagach
, melodious (M`F.); from ++
biol
, violin; from Eng. [viol], Fr. [viole], violin.
biolaire
, water-cresses, Ir. [biolar], E.Ir.
[biror], W. [berwr], Cor., Br. [beler], [*beruro-], Lat. [berula]
(Marcellus), Fr. [berle], So. [berro]. Possibly allied to the root of
Celtic [bervô], seethe, O.Ir. [tipra], well, G. [tobar], Eng. [burn].
Cf. Ger. [brunnen kresse], water-cress, i.e. "well" cress. The
dictionaries and old glossaries (Cormac, etc.) give [bir], [bior], as
water or well.
biolar
, dainty, spruce (Sh.); for [bior-ar],
from [bior], "sharp"?
biolasgach
, prattling, so Ir. (Lh. O'B.);
from [bil], lip.
bionn
, symmetrical (Carm.): Sc [bien].
bior
, stake, spit, Ir. [bior], O.Ir. [bir],
W. [bêr], Cor., Br. [ber], Celtic [beru-]; Lat. [veru]; Gr.
barúes
, trees (Hes.); Lit. [gìre@?], forest.
Hence
biorach
, sharp.
biorach
, a heifer, colt, Ir. [biorach],
cow-calf:
bioras
, water-lily; same origin as [biolar],
q.v.
biorg
, gush, twich, tingle; from the roots of
[biolar] ([bior-]) and [bior].
biorraid
, a helmet, cap, Ir. [birreud], cap;
from Eng. [biretta], from Late Lat. [birretum].
biorsadh
, a keen impatience: "groading"; from
[bior].
biorsamaid
, a balance; from Sc. [bismar],
Norse [bismari].
bior-snaois
, bowsprit of a sailing boat (N.
Lochaber), forepart of vessel:
biota
, a churn, vessel; from Norse [bytta], a
pail, tub, Ag.S. [bytt], Latin [buttis], Eng. [butt].
biotailt
, victuals, E.Ir. [bitáill], W.
[bitel], M.Br. [bitaill]; from O.Fr. [vitaille], from Lat.
[victualia]. Eng. [victuals] is from the French.
birlinn
, a galley, bark, M.Ir. [beirling];
formed from the Norse [byrðingr], a ship of burthen, from [byrðr],
burden, vb. [bera], Eng. [bear]. The Sc. [bierling], [birlinn] is
from the Gaelic. Cf. [feòirlig]=[fjórðungr].
birtich
, stir up; from [bior], goad.
biseach
, luck; see [piseach].
bith
, the world, existence, Ir., O.Ir.
[bith], W. [byd], Br. [bed], Gaul. [bitu-], [*bitu-s]; root [bi],
[bei], live, I.E. [&gcurly;ei], [&gcurly;i], whence Lat. [vivo], Eng.
[be], etc. Hence [beatha], [beò], [biadh], q.v.
bith
, being (inf. of [bì], be), Ir., E.Ir.
[beith], O.Ir. [buith]. The O.Ir. is from the root [bhu] (Eng. [be],
Lat. [fui]) = [*buti-s], Gr.
fúsis
. The
forms [bith] and [beith], if derived from [bhu], have been influenced
by [bith], world, existence; but it is possible that they are of the
same root [&gcurly;i] as [bith]. Stokes, in his treatise on the
[Neo-Celtic Verb Substantive], takes [bith] and [beith] from the root
[ga], go, Gr. [básis] (Eng. [base]), a root to which he still refers
the O.Ir. aorist [bá], fui (see [bu]).
bìth
, resin, gum, birdlime, Ir. [bigh], O.Ir.
[bí], pix, adj. [bíde], [*geis-], a longer form of [gis-], the root of
[giuthas], fir (Schräder). Otherwise we must regard it as borrowed
from Lat. [pix], [picis], whence W. [pyg], Eng. [pitch], against which
b
and [í] (
i
long) militate.
bìth
, quiet (Arm.):
bith-
, prefix denoting "ever", Ir., O.Ir.
[bith-], W. [byth-]; from [bith], world.
biùc
, difficult utterance:
biùthaidh
, foe, Ir. [bíodhbha], E.Ir., O.Ir.
[bidbe], [bidbid] (gen.), culprit, enemy.
biùthas
, fame,
biùthaidh
,
hero; see [fiù], [fiùbhaidh].
blabaran
, stammerer, Ir. [blabarán], from the
Eng. [blabber], speak inarticulately. It is of onomatopetic origin.
Cf. Eng. [babble].
bladair
, a wide mouth, a flatterer, Ir.
[bladaire], flatterer; from the Eng. [blatterer], bletherer,
blusterer, [blatter], prate; from Lat. [blaterare], prate. Also
blad
a wide mouth (M`F.).
bladh
, fame, Ir. [bládh], E.Ir. [blad]; root
[blad-], [blat-], speak, as in Lat. [blatero], babble, Norse [blaðr],
nonsense, Sc. [blether]. See [bladair]. Cf. [glaodh], shout. Hence
bladhair
, expressive, a boaster.
bladhair
, strong, from
bladh
, pith, W. [blawdd], active; [*blâd-]; root
[blā], swell, bloom, as in [blàth], q.v.
bladhm
, a boast, etc.; see [blaomadh].
blad-shronach
,
blad-spàgach
, flat-nosed, flat-footed; [blad-] is from
Eng. [flat].
blaisbheum
, blasphemy; from Lat.
[blasphemia], Eng. [blasphemy].
blanndaidh
, rotten, stale; from Norse
[blanda], whey "blend".
blanndar
, flattery, dissimulation, so Ir.;
from Lat. [blandiri], Sc. [blander], Eng. [blandish]. ++
blaodh
, a shout, noise, Ir. [blaodh], M.Ir. [blaeded],
W. [bloedd]. Hence
blaodhag
, noisy girl,
boaghan
, calf's cry, etc.
blaomadh
, loud talking, Ir. [blaodhmanach],
noisy person; from [*blaid-s-men]; see [blaodh]. ++
blaosg
, a shell, Ir. [blaosc], M.Ir. [blaesc], testa,
W. [blisg]; see [plaosg].
blàr
, a field, battle, peat-moss; from
[blàr], spotted, the idea being a "spot". See next word.>>
blàr
, having a white face, or white spot on
the face (of an animal); [blāro-s], root [blā], from I.E.
[bhale], shine, [bhā]; Gr.
falorós
(second
a
long),
having a white patch (on the head, as on a dog's head). Cf. Dutch
[blaar], a white spot on the forehead (Whence Fr. [blaireau], badger),
M.Dutch [blaer], bald. See for roots [bealltuinn], [bàn]. Welsh has
[blawr], grey, iron-grey, which seems allied. This word enters
largely into Pictish topography. It is not so used in Argyle (M`K.)
nor in Ireland.
blas
, taste, Ir. [blas], O.Ir. [mlas], W.
[blâs], Br. [blas], [*mlasto-]; Czech [mlasti], lick, be
sweet-toothed, Russ. [molsat&ibreve;], suck (Bezzenberger).
Ultimately the root seems to be [mel], as in [meli-], honey, G. [mil],
and even [meil], grind. Hence Fr. [blasé]?
blas-bheumnaich
, blaspheme (Hend.). See
blaisbheum
.
blàth
, bloom, blossom, Ir., E.Ir. [blàth], W.
[blawd], [blodau], Cor. [blodon], M.Br. [bleuzenn], [*blâto-n]; I.E.
root [blela]: [bhlo], blossom forth; Lat. [flōs], flower; Eng.
[bloom], etc.
blàth
, warm, kind, Ir., E.Ir. [bláith], soft,
smooth, [mláith], [*mlâti]; root [mela], [mlâ], to grind. The
original idea is "ground soft". Cf. W. [blawd], meal.
blàthach
, buttermilk, Ir., M.Ir. [bláthach];
[blā-tac-], root [mel], [mlâ], as in [blàth]. The idea is
"pounded, soured". Cf. [braich], from [mrac-], "soured", and Eng.
[malt], "soured", from [melt]. Hence Sc. [bladach].
bleachdair
, a soothing, flattering fellow,
Ir. [bleachdaire], flatterer, cow-milker; a metaphoric use of the last
word>>, "cow-milker", from [bliochd], milk, q.v.
bleagh
, milk (vb.), Ir. [blighim]; see
[bleoghainn].
bleaghan
, a dibble for digging up shell-fish,
a worthless tool;
bleid
, impertinence, solicitation, Ir.
[bleid], cajolery, impertinence. This seems another word formed on
the word [bladair], [blad], just like Eng. [blatant], [blate] (talk,
prate).
bleideir
, coward; from Norse [bleyði],
cowardice, and Sc. [blate](?).
bleith
, grind, Ir. [bleithim], E.Ir.
[bleith], inf. to O.Ir. [melim], I grind, W. [malu], Br. [malaff];
root [mel], grind, Lat. [molo], Eng. [meal], etc.
bleoghainn
, milking, E.Ir. [blegon], inf. to
[bligim], [mligim]; Lat. [mulgeo]; Gr.
&acom;-mélgw
; Eng. [milk]; Lit. [mélz@?u].
bliadhna
, year, Ir. [bliadhain], O.Ir.
[bliadain], W. [blydd], [blwyddyn], Br. [bloaz], [blizen],
[*bleidni-], [*bleido-]; I.E. [&gcurly;hleidh], whence Eng. [glide]:
"labuntur anni" (Stokes). It is doubtful if I.E. [&gcurly;h] becomes
Celtic
b
.
blialum
, jargon; from the Sc. [blellum].
blian
, the flank, groin, Ir. [bléin], E.Ir.
[blén], O.Ir. [melen], for [mleen], [*mlakno-]; Gr.
malakós
, soft (Strachan, Stokes). The meaning,
if not the phonetics, is not quite satisfactory.
blian
, lean, insipid,
blianach
, lean flesh; cf. W. [blin], tired, O.Br.
[blinion], inertes. These may be referred to [*&gcurly;leghno-], Lit.
[glez@?nus], tender, weak, Gr.
blchrós
,
languid. See, however, the derivation suggested for [blian], above.
For the Brittonic words, Stokes has suggested the stem [blêno-]; Skr.
[glána], tired.
bligh
, milk; see [bleagh].
bliochan
, yellow marsh, asphodel, Ir.
[bliochan]; from [*blioch] = [*melgos-], milk. For phonetics, cf.
[teach], from [tegos-].
bliochd
, milk, Ir. [bleachd], E.Ir. [blicht],
W. [blith], [*m&ldot;ctu-], root [melg], milk. See [bleoghainn].
blìonadh
, basking (Islands): "softening"?
See [blian].
bliosan
, artichoke (Sh., O'B., O'R.), Ir.
[bliosán]: [*blig-s-ān-], "milk-curdler"? Its florets were used
for curdling.
blob
, blubber-lipped (Sh.); from Eng. [blub],
puffed, protruding, [blubber], etc.
blocan
, a little block,
blog
, block (Dialectic), Ir. [bloc], [blocán]; from
Eng. [block].
bloigh
, fragment, half, Ir. [blogh], [blógh],
fragment, E.Ir. [blog], pre-Celtic [bhlog]; Eng. [block], further away
Eng. [balk], Gr.
fálagx
. Stokes refers
it to the root of Eng. [pluck]. (St. now Eng. [blough], Ger.
[pflug]).
bloinigein
, any plant with crisped leaves,
Ir. [bloinigain] (O'R.); G. and Ir.
bloinigean
gàrraidh
is "spinage". Cameron refers the word to [blonag], fat.
blomas
, ostentation (Sh.). Ir. [blomas]; see
[bladhm]. Ir. [blamaire], means "boaster".
blonag
, fat, Ir. [blonóg], [blainic],
[blunag], M.Ir. [blonac], W. [bloneg], Br. [blonek], [*blon-],
[*blen-], root [bhle], [bhel], swell; a very prolific root. Rhys says
W. is borrowed. [[R.C.
17
102]] ++
blosg
, sound a horn, Ir. [blosgaidhim], resound, sound
a horn, M.Ir. [blosc], voice; W. [bloedd], a shout, from [*blogðo-],
for [bloðgo-]; cf. [mèag], W. [maidd]. [[Zeit
34
502.]] Cf. Gr.
flo&iibre;sbos
, din (=
flos-gos
), Lit. [blázgu], roar.
bó
, a cow, Ir., O.Ir. [bó], W. [buw], O.Br.
[bou-], [*bov-s]; I.E. [&gcurly;ôus], whence Lat. [bos], Gr.
bo&uibre;s
, Eng. [cow], Skr. [go].
boban
,
bobug
, a term of
affection for a boy; cf. M.Ir. [boban], calf, [bóban], from [bó].
Eng. [babe], earlier, [baban], of uncertain origin, may be compared.
boc
, a buck, Ir. [boc], he-goat, O.Ir.
[bocc], W. [bwch], Cor. [boch], Br. [bouc'h], [*bukko-s]; Skr.
[bukka], goat. These may be analysed into [bug-ko-], root [bug],
Zend. [bûza], buck, Arm. [buc], lamb, Eng. [buck], Ger. [bock].
bòc
, swell, Ir. [bócaim]; cf. W. [boch],
cheek, from Lat. [bucca], puffed cheek (Eng. [debouch], [rebuke]).
bòcan
, hobgoblin, Ir. [bocán], E.Ir.
[boccánach]. With these are connected W. [bwg] ([bwci], Cor. [bucca],
borrowed from M.E.?), Eng. [bug], [bugbear], [bogie]; the relationship
is not clear (Murray). For Gadelic a stem [bukko-], from [bug-ko-],
would do, allied possibly to Norse [púki], a Puck, Ag.S. [puca],
larbula. [boc-sithe], apparition, ghost (Perth: Wh.).
bochail
, proud, nimble; cf. the interjection
++
boch
, Ir. [boch], heyday! "O festum diem".
bochuin
, swelling, the sea (Carm.),
[boch-thonn] (H.S.D.):
bochd
, poor, so Ir., O.Ir. [bocht];
[*bog-to-], a participle from the vb. (Irish) [bongaim], break, reap,
Celtic [bongô], break; Skr. [bhanj], break, Lit. [banga], breaker
(wave). See [buain].
bocsa
, a box, so Ir., pronounced in Ir.
[bosca] also, W. [bocys]; from Eng. [box]. Hence
bocsaid
, a thump, Eng. [box].
bodach
, an old man, a carle, Ir. [bodach], a
rustic, carle; [*bodd-aco-], "pēnitus", from
bod
, mentula, M.G. [bod] (D.of Lismore passim), M.Ir.
[bod], [bot], [*boddo-], [*bozdo-]; Gr.
pósqc
, mentula. Stokes suggests the alternative
form [butto-s], Gr.
búttos
, vulva, but
the G.
d
is against this. He also suggests that
[bodach] is formed on the O.Fr. [botte], a clod.
bodha
, a rock over which waves break; from
Norse [boði], a breaker, over sunken rocks especially.
bòdhag
, a sea-lark.
bodhaig
, body, corpus; from the Sc. [bouk],
body, trunk, Norse [búkr], trunk, Ger. [bauch], belly. The G. word
has been compared by Fick with Eng. [body], Ag.S. [bodig], and Murray
says it is thence derived, but the
d
would
scarcely disappear and leave the soft
g
ending
now so hard.
bòdhan
, ham, breech, breast: [*boud-@-no],
[*boud], [bhud-]; cf. Eng. [butt], [buttock].
bodhar
, deaf, so Ir., O.Ir. [bodar], W.
[byddar], Cor. [bodhar], Br. [bouzar]; Skr. [badhirá].
bodhbh
,
bobh
, a fright
(Perthshire), E.Ir. [bodba], dangerous, [*bodv-io-s]; from [bodvo-] in
[baobh], q.v.
bodht
, swampy ground:
bog
, soft, Ir. [bog], O.Ir. [bocc], Br.
[bouk], O.Br. [buc], putris; [*boggo-], [*bug-go-]; I.E.
[bhu&gcurly;], bend, Skr. [bhugna], bent, Got. [biugan], Eng. [bow],
from Ag.S. [boga].
bogha
, a bow, so Ir., M.Ir. [boga]; from
Ag.S. [boga], Eng. [bow]. For root, see under [bog].
bògus
, a timber moth, bug; from Eng. [bug],
Sc. [bōg].
boicineach
, small-pox; root in [bucaid], q.v.
boicionn
, a goat skin, skin; [*boc-cionn],
"buck-skin"; the word ++
cionn
is in O.Ir. [cenni],
scamae, W. [cen], skin, Cor. [cennen], Br. [kenn-], pellis; Eng.
[skinn], Norse [skinn]. [-cionn], skin, Norse [hinna], film (Leiden)
I.F.
5
A 127.
bóid
, vow, Ir. [móid], M.Ir. [móit],
[*monti-], root [mon], [men], think. A borrowing from, or leaning on
Lat. [vōtum] seems possible in view of the Gaelic form. M.Ir.
[in uóit]; from Lat [vôtum], as is also [móid] (Stokes).
bòidheach
, pretty; for [buaidheach], "having
virtues", from [buaidh], q.v.
bòidheam
, flattery (H.S.D.):
bòighear
, puffin, ducker; also [budhaigir],
q.v.
boil
,
boile
, madness, Ir.
[buile], E.Ir. [baile]:
bòilich
, tall talk, boasting; cf. Eng.
[bawl], cry like cows ([bó]).
boillsg
, gleam; [*bolg-s-cio-]; Lat.
[fulgeo], shine, Eng. [effulgent], Lit. [blizgù], glance, shine, Eng.
[blink], I.E. [bhleg], [*fulgeo].
boineid
, a bonnet, Ir. [boineud]; from Eng.
[bonnet].
boinne
, a drop, Ir. [bain] (d.pl [bainnibh]),
O.Ir. [banne], Cor., Br. [banne]; Celt. [bannjâ] (Stokes. See
[bainne]. Hence
boinneanta
, healthy, well-built.
boirche
, a buffalo (Sh., Lh.), so Ir.;
perhaps allied to Lat. [ferus], Eng. [bear].
boireal
, a small auger (M`F.); founded on
Eng. [bore].
boirche
, rising ground, bank (M`D.); same
root as Ger. [berg], mountain, Eng. ice-[berg].
boirionn
, female, feminine, Ir. [bainionn],
[boinionn]; [*bani-], from the word [bean], [ban], q.v. Hence
biorionnach
, a female, which is masc. in gender, having
been originally neuter. Cf. [doirionn] for [doinionn] (Arg.).
bois
, the palm; see [bas].
boiseag
, slap in the face, palmful, Ir.,
M.Ir. [boiseóg], buffet.
boisg
, gleam; [boillsg].
boiteadh
, boiled food for horses (H.S.D.),
Eng. [bait]:
boiteag
, a maggot; see [botus].
boitean
, a bundle of hay or straw; for
[boiteal], from Sc. [buttle], Eng. [bottle], bundle of hay, from O.Fr.
[botte].
boitidh
, the call to pig,
boit
, a taste for (Dialectic):
bòl
, a bowl; from the English.
boladh
, smell, so Ir., O.Ir. [bolad],
[*bulato-]; Lit. [bu'ls], dusty air (Bezzenberger). Stokes has
compared Lit. [bulis], buttock, Skr. [buli], vulva.
bolanta
, excellent; root [bol], as in
[adhbhal], q.v.
bolla
, a boll; from Sc., Eng. [boll]. Hence
also
bolla
, a buoy.
bolt
, a welt, Ir. [balta], welt, border; from
the Lat. [balteus], girdle, Eng. [belt]. Cf. Eng. [welt], W. [gwald].
boma
, a bomb; from the English.
bonn
, foundation, so Ir., O.Ir. [bond]; Lat.
[fundus]; Skr. [budhná]; Eng. [bottom].
bonn
, a coin, so Ir.; possibly from Lat.
[pondo].
bonnach
, cake, bannock, Ir. [boinneóg], oaten
cake. This word, like the Sc., [bannock], appears to be founded on
Lat. [pānicum], [pānis], bread.
bonnanach
, a strapping fellow (Mrs M`Ph.),
[bonnanaich], active young men (Skye):
borb
, fierce, so Ir., O.Ir. [borp]; allied
to, or, more probably, borrowed from, Lat. [barbarus].
borbhan
, a purling sound; [*borvo-], a stem
identical with [bervo-], seethe, Fr. [Bourbon], Lat. [fervo], etc.
Hence
borbhanach
, base, deep.
bòrc
, sprout, swell; see [bàrc].
bòrc-lunn
, swell-wave (Hend.):
bòrd
, a table, Ir., M.Ir., [bord], W.
[bwrdd]; from Ag.S., Norse [bord].
bòrlanachd
,
mòrlanachd
,
compulsory labour for the proprietor; from Eng. [bordland], as under
[bòrlum]. Hence M`Morland. The [cairiste], done for proprietor (M`K.
and Carm.).
bòrlum
, a strip of arable land (Hebridees); a
frequent place namel from M.Eng. [bordland], mensal land, especially
the royal castle lands in the Highlands.
bòrlum
, a sudden flux or vomiting, a flux;
for [bòrc-lum]; see [bòrc]. ++
borr
, knob, pride,
greatness, great, Ir., E.Ir. [borr], [*borso-], [bhorso-]; Lat.
[fastus] (for [farstus]), pride; O.H.G. [parrunga], superbia; allied
to [bàrr], q.v. Hence
borrach
, a haughty man, a
protruding bank, a mountain grass.
bòsd
, a boast, Ir. [bóst] (O'R.(, W., Cor.
[bost]; all from Eng. [boast], itself of unknown origin.
bòsdan
, a little box, Br. [bouist]; the G. is
from early Sc. [boyst], M.Eng. [boiste], from O.Fr. [boiste], Med.Lat.
[buxida] ([bossida]), which is the Gr.
púxida
. Hence also Eng. [box], G. [bosca].
bosgaire
, applause (Sh.); [bas]+[gaire], q.v.
"palm-noise".
bot
, a mound, river bank; cf. [bught],
[botach], a reedy bog.
bòt
, a boot; from M.E. [bote], Eng. [boot].
Also
bòtuinn
, from Sc. [booting], Fr. [bottine],
half-boot.
botaidh
, a wooden vessel (size, half anker);
formed from M.E. [butte], Eng. [butt], Fr. [botte].
both
, perturbation, a plash; see [bodhbh].
both
,
bothan
, a hut,
bothie, Ir., M.Ir. [bothán], [both], W. [bod], residence, Cor. [bod],
[bos], [*buto-]; Lit. [bùtas], house; Eng. [booth], Norse [búð], Ger.
[bude]; root [bhu], be. Hence Eng. [bothie].
bothar
, a lane, street (A.M`D.), Ir. [bothar]
(Con.), [bóthar], E.Ir. [bóthar], [*bâtro-], [*bâtro-], root
[bā], go; Gr.
&ecom;/bcn
, went,
baínu
, go; Skr. [gâ], go; Eng. [path].
botrumaid
, a slattern, (M`F.); see [butrais].
botul
, bottle, Ir. [buideul], W. [potel];
from Eng. [bottle].
botunn
(Lewis), deep water pool (in moors);
Norse, [botn].
botus
, a belly-worm; from M.E. [bottes], pl.
of [bot], [bott], of like meaning; Sc. [batts]. Origin unknown
(Murray).
brà
,
bràth
, a quern, Ir.
[bró], g. [brón], E.Ir. [bró], g. [broon], mill-stone, [*brevon-],
[*bravon-]; Skr. [grâvan-]; Lit. [gìrnos]; Eng. [quern].
brabhd-chasach
, bow-legged.
brabhdadh
, bravado, idle talk,
brabhtalachd
, haughtiness (A.M`D.); from Eng.
[bravado]?
bràc
, curve as of waves before breaking, a
bellow, branch or deer-horn (Carm.), reindeer (Carm.):
bracach
, grayish,
braclach
, brake: see words in [broc-ach], [-lach].
brachag
, pustule; from
brach
, rot (vb.); see [braich], malt. Also
brachan
, putrefaction.
bràchd
, putrescence, fat, rich.
bradach
, thievish,
braid
,
theft, Ir. [bradach], thievish, roguish, E.Ir. [broit], g. [braite]:
[*mraddo-], allied to [brath], betray? Scarcely braom [b&rdot;-ont-],
root [bher], carry, Lat. [fur], etc.
bradan
, salmon, Ir. [bradán], E.Ir. [bratan].
Cf. Lit. [bradà], water, Ch.Sl [broz@?da@?], wade through.
bradan
, a ridgy tumour on the surface of the
body (H.S.D.); metaphorically from above word?>>
bradhadair
, a blazing fire, kindling of a
fire (Hebrides). Possibly [braghadair], from [bragh], q.v. Cf.
braghadaich
, crackling.
brag
(Lewis), a sudden creeking noise, Norse
[brak].
bragaireachd
, vain boasting, Ir.
[bragáireachd], from [bragaire], boaster; from the Eng. [brag].
bragh
, an explosion, peal, O.Ir. [braigim],
pedo; Lat. [fragor], crash, [fragare], Eng. [fragrant]. See [bram].
bràghad
, neck, throat, Ir. [bráighid], O.Ir.
[bráge], g. [brágat], W. [breuant], O.Br. [brehant], [*brâg&ndot;t-];
Eng. [craw], Ger. [kragen], collar, M.H.G. [krage], neck; Gr.
bróghos
, windpipe, Eng. [bronchitis].
Bezzenberger (Stokes' Dict.), refers it ot the root of Norse [barki],
weazand, Gr.
fárugx
, Eng. [pharynx].
[bràghad] is really the gen. of [bràighe].
bragsaidh
, braxy; from Sc., Eng. [braxy].
braich
, malt, so Ir., E.Ir. [mraich], W.,
Cor. [brag], Br. [bragezi], germinate, Gaul. [brace] (Plin.), genus
farris: [*mraki]; Lit. [mèrkti], macerate, [márka], flax-hole for
steeping; Lat. [marcere], fade, [marcidus], decayed, rotten. From W.
[bragod], comes Eng. [bragget].
braid
, theft; see [bradach].
bràid
, horse-collar; see [bràighdeach].
bràighde
, captives, pledges, Ir. [bráighe],
pl. [bráighde], E.Ir. [braga], g. [bragat], hostage, prisoner,
[braig], a chain; Gr.
gróhos
, noose;
Eng. [crank], Ger. [kringel]; I.E. [&gcurly;regh], possibly allied to
I.E. [&gcurly;rēgh], neck, as in [brághad]. Hence
braighdeanas
, captivity, also dialectic
braigh
, hostage, pledge.
bràighdeach
, horse-collar, M.Ir. [braigdech],
older [bráigtech]; from [bràghad]. Also
bràid
.
bràighe
, upper part (of places): this is the
nom. case of [bràghad], which also appears in place names, as
[Bra'id-Albainn], Braidalbane.
braile
, a heavy rain (Sh.):
braile
,
braighlish
, a
rattling noise (Perth). Sc. [bruilze], Fr. [brouille]. See
braodhlach
.
brailis
, wort of ale, Ir. [braithlis], M.Ir.
[braichlis], from [braich].
braim
,
bram
, crepitus
ventris, Ir. [broim], O.Ir. [braigim], pedo, W., Cor., Br. [bram],
[*bragsmen], root [brag], I.E. [bhrag]; Lat. [fragor], crash,
[fragrare], etc. Hence
bramaire
, a noisy fellow.
braisleach
, full-formed, bulky man, M.Ir.
[bras], great, W., Cor., Br. [bras], grossus, [*brasso-]; Lat.
[grossus], Fr. [gros], bulky.
bràist
, a brooch; from the Eng.
braithlìn
, linen sheet, so Ir.: [*brath+lìn];
but [brath]? M`E. suggests [plài-linn].
braman
, misadventure, the Devil; also
dialectic
broman
. M.Ir. [bromán] means a "boor",
[brománach], impertinent. The root seems to be [breg], [brog], [brag]
of [breun], [braim].
bramasag
, a clott-burr, the prickly head of a
thistle (H.S.D.): ++
bran
, a raven, Ir., O.Ir.
[bran], W. [brân], crow, Br. [bran], crow; [*branâ], for [gvranâ],
with which cf. O.Slav. [gavranŭ], raven, but not [vrana] (do.),
as is usually done. The further root is [&gcurly;ra], [&gcurly;era],
cry, whence Eng. [crane], Gr.
géranos
,
crane, W. and Cor. [garan]. Used much in personal and river names.
bran
, bran, Ir., W. [bran], Br. [brenn]; G.,
Ir., and W. are from Eng. [bran], from O.Fr. [bren], [bran], whence
Br.
brang
a slip of wood in the head-stall of a
horse's halter, resting on the jaw; horse's collar;
brangas
, a pillory; from the Sc. [branks], a head
pillory (for tongue and mouth), a bridle with two wooden side pieces,
[brank], to bridle; allied to Ger. [pranger], pillory, Du. [prang],
fetter.
branndaidh
, brandy; from Eng. [brandy], that
is "brand or burnt wine".
branndair
, a gridiron; from Sc. [brander],
from [brand], [burn], etc.
braodag
, a huff (Hend.), also (Perth):
braodhlach
, brawling,
braoileadh
, loud noise, Ir. [braóilleadh], rattling; a
borrowed word, seemingly from Sc., Eng. [brawl], confused with Sc.
[brulye], Eng. [broil].
braoileag
, a whortleberry, Ir. [broileóg],
[breileóg]. Sc. [brawlins], [brylocks], comes from the Gaelic.
braoisg
, a grin, Ir. [braos]:
braolaid
, raving, dreaming; from [breathal]?
braon
, a drop, rain, so Ir., O.Ir. [broen];
cf. Eng. [brine]. The attempt to connect it with Gr.
bréhw
, or with Lat. [rigare],
Eng.
[rain], is unsatisfactory. Stokes derives it from root [ver] (see
[fearthuinn]), [*vroen], but unlikely.
braonan
,
praonan
, an
earth-nut, bunium flexuosum. Perhaps from [braon], a drop - "a bead,
nut".
bras
,
brais
, active, rash,
Ir. [bras], E.Ir. [bras], W. [brys], haste: [*b&rdot;sto-], I.E.
[&gcurly;redh-], as in [greas], q.v.? See also [brisg], active.
brasailt
a panegyric (M`A.); E.Ir.
[bras-scélach], panegyrical; from O.Ir. [bras], great, W. and Br.
[bras]; cf. Lat. [grossus], Eng. [gross]. See [braisleach].
brat
, a mantle, Ir. [brat], O.Ir. [bratt], W.
[brethyn], woolen cloth, Br. [broz], petticoat, [*bratto-],
[*brat-to-]. For root [brat], [brant], see [bréid]. Ag.S. [bratt],
pallium, is borrowed from the Celtic. Hence
bratach
, flag.
bratag
, the furry or grass caterpillar, Ir.
[bratóg], "the mantled one", from [brat]. Cf. [caterpillar] = "downy
cat", by derivation.
brath
, information, betrayal, Ir. [brath],
E.Ir. [brath], treason, and [mrath] also, W. [brad], treachery, Cor.
[bras], Br. [barat], O.Br. [brat], [*mrato-]; Gr.
&abcom;martánw
(
-mart-
),
sin, miss,
&ecom;/mbroton
(past tense).
Cf. [mearachd]. M.Ir. [mairned], treachery.
bràth
, judgement,
gu
bràth
, for ever (pron. [gu bràch]) "till Judgment", so Ir., O.Ir.
[bráth], judgment, W. [brawd], M.Br. [breut], Gaul. [bratu-],
[*brâtu-]; [*brâ], [*bera], judge, decide, from I.E. [bher], in the
sense of "say", as in [abair]. The Ir. [barn], judge, and W. [barn],
judgment, are hence, and may be compared to Gr.
frc/n
,
frc/nes
,
soul, [phrenology]. Hence also
breath
, or
breith
(*b&rdot;t-], q.v. The sense "conflagration" given
in the Dict. is due to "Druidic" theorisings, and is imaginary.
bràthair
, brother, Ir. [bráthair], O.Ir.
[bráthir], W. [brawd], pl. [brodyr], Cor. [broder], pl. [bredereth],
Br. [breur], [breuzr], pl. [breudeur], [*brâtêr]; Lat. [frâter]; Eng.
[brother]; Skr. [bhrā/ta]; etc.
breab
, a kick, Ir. [preab], M.Ir. [prebach],
kicking; perhaps from the root form of the following word.>>
breaban
, a patch of leather, Ir. [preabán],
parcel, piece, patch; from, or allied to, O.Fr. [bribe], a piece of
bread, alms, Sp. [briba], alms; also O.Fr. [bribeur], mendicant,
[briberesse], female vagabondage and harloting; cf. Ir. [preabóg], a
wenching jade (O'B.). Eng. [bribe] is from the French.
breac
, speckled, so Ir., E.Ir. [brecc], W.
[brych], Br. [brec'h], smallpox, [*m&rdot;kko-s], [*m&rdot;g-ko-], root
[m&rdot;&gcurly;]; Lit. [márgas], speckled, pied; Gr.
&acom;marússw
, twinkle. There is an O.Ir. [mrecht],
W. [brith], of like meaning and origin, viz. [mŗk-to], from
[m&rdot;g-to-]. Hence
breac
, smallpox, W. [brech],
and
breac
, trout, W. [brithyll].
breacan
, plaid, Ir. [breacán], W. [brecan],
rug; from [breac]. Rhys regards W. as borrowed from Irish.
breac-shianain
, freckles:
breacag
, a pancake, W. [brechdan], slice of
bread and butter, [b&rdot;g-ko-], [b&rdot;g], as in [bairghin], bread?
(Rev.Celt.
17
102). See [breachdan].
breachd
, seizing =[beireachd].
breachdan
, custard (Lh.), M.Ir. [brechtán], a
roll, W. [brithog]; from [m&rdot;g-to-], Ir. [brecht], W. [brith],
motley, mixed. See under [breac].
brèagh
, fine, Ir. [breágh], M.Ir. [breagha]
(O'Cl.), [*breigavo-s], root [breig], [brîg], as in [brìgh], q.v.?
Ir. [breagh] or [breaghda] = [Bregian], Tir Breg. (Ir.J. No.119).
++
breall
, knob, glens mentulæ, D.of Lismore
[breyl], Ir. [breall], [b&rdot;s-lo-], root [bers], [bors], as in G.
[borr], [bàrr], Eng. [bristle]. Hence [brilleanach], lewd, q.v.
[breall]=[bod] (Glenmoriston).
breaman
, tail of sheep or goat, podex; cf.
Ir. [breim], by-form of [braim], q.v.
breamas
, mischief, mishap, the Devil; an
e
vowel form of [braman]?
breanan
, dunghill (Sh.); from [breun], q.v.
breath
, row, layer: [*b&rdot;tâ], a slice, root
[bher] of [beàrn].
breath
, judgment, so Ir., O.Ir. [breth],
[*b&rdot;tâ], W. [bryd], Gaul. vergo-[bretus], [*b&rdot;to-s]. For root,
see [bràth]. Spelt also [breith].
breathas
, frenzy (M`A.); see [breisleach].
bréid
, a kerchief, so Ir., E.Ir. [bréit],
[*brenti-], roots [brent], [brat]; Skr. [granth], tie, knot,
[grathnâti]; Ger. [kranz], garland, Eng. [crants] (Rhys). The Skr.
being allied to Gr.
grónqos
, fist, seems
against this derivation (Stokes), not to mention the difficulty of Gr.
q
and Skr. [th]
corresponding to Celtic
t
. Possibly from root
[bhera], cut, Gr.
f&aibre;ros
, cloth
(Windisch). Cf. W. [brwyd], braid.
breisleach
, confusion, delirium, nightmare,
Ir. [breisleach] (O'R., Fol.), [breaghaslach] (Lh.) from [breith-],
[*bret], [*bhre-t]; [bhre], mind, as in Gr.
frén
, mind? Cf. E.Ir. [Breslech] Mór Murtheimme;
[brislech], "overthrow".
breith
, bearing, birth, so Ir. and E.Ir.,
[b&rdot;tí-s]; Skr. [bh&rdot;ti-]; Eng. [birth]; etc.: root [bher], bear;
see [beir].
breitheal
, confusion of mind; from [breith-],
as in [breisleach]. Also
breathal
and
preathal
.
breathanas
, judgment, Ir. [breitheamhnus],
E.Ir. [britheamnas]; from [brithem], a judge, stem [britheman], to
which is added the abstract termination [-as] (=[astu-]). From
[britheamh], q.v.
breo
,
breoth
, rot,
putrefy:
breochaid
, any tender or fragile thing
(M`A.); from [breo].
breòcladh
, clumsy patching,
breòclaid
, sickly person: [breódh]+ [clad] (= [cail] of
[buachail]). See [breóite].
breóite
, infirm, Ir. [breóite], [breódhaim],
I enfeeble (Keat.), [*brivod-]; cf. W. [briw], break, [*brîvo-],
possibly allied to Lat. [frivolus].
breolaid
, dotage, delirium; cf. [breitheal],
etc.
breug
,
briag
, a lie, Ir.
[breug], [bréag], O.Ir. [bréc], [brenkâ]; Skr. [bhramça], loss,
deviation.
breun
, putrid, so Ir., E.Ir. [brén], W.
[braen], Br. [brein]; [*bregno-], [bragno-], foul, from root, [breg],
[brag], of [braim]. Strachan takes it from [*mrak-no-]; Lat.
[marcidus], rancid, as in [braich], q.v.
briagail
, prattling:
briathar
, a word, so Ir. and O.Ir. [*brêtrâ]
(O.Ir. is fem.; G. is mas., by analogy?), [*brê], ablaut to [brâ-] of
[bràth], q.v. Bezzenberger would refer it to O.H.G. [chrâjan], Eng.
[crow].
brìb
, a bribe, Ir. [bríb]; from the Eng.
bricein-
, a prefix to certain animal names;
from [breac]. ++
brìdeach
, a dwarf (Arm., Sh.), Ir.
[brideach] (Lh., O'B.). See [brìdeag], little woman. Shaw also gives
it the meaning of "bride", which is due to Eng. influences.
brìdeag
, a little woman, Ir. [brídeag], a
figure of St. Bridget made on the Saint's eve by maidens for
divination purposes. See [Bri&gcurly;hid] in the list of Proper
Names. Shaw gives
bridag
, part of the jaw, which
H.S.D. reproduces as
brìdeag
.
brìdeun
, a little bird, sea-piet (M`A. for
latter meaning): seemingly formed on the analogy of the two foregoing
words.>>
brìg
, a heap (H.S.D., M`A.): "brìg mhòine", a
pile of peats; cf. Norse [brík], square tablet, piece, Eng. [brick].
brìgh
, pith, pwer, Ir. [brígh], O.Ir. [bríg],
W. [bri], dignity, rank, Cor. [bry], Br. [bri], respect, [*brîga],
[*brîgo-]; Gr.
br&iibre;
=
briarós
, strong, mighty,
brímc
(
i
long), strength,
anger; Skr. [jri], overpower, [jrayas], extent; an I.E. [&gcurly;ri-],
[&gcurly;rī-], [&gcurly;rei-]. Bezzenberger suggests Ger.
[krieg], war, striving: [*&gcurly;reigh]? This may be from the root
[brî] above.
brilleanach
, lewd,
briollair
,
briollan
, from [breall],
q.v.
brìm
, pickle (Arg.); from Eng. [brine].
brimin bodaich
, a shabby carle; for
[breimein], a side form of [braman]; root [breg], [brag]? But cf.
Norse [brimill], phoca fetida mas.
brìobadh
, bribing; see [bríb], which also has
the spelling
brìob
.
brìodal
, lovers' language, caressing,
flattery; also
brionnda
, caressing,
brionnal
, flattery; possibly from [brionn], a lie,
dream (Ir.), as in [brionglaid], q.v. M.Ir. [brinneal] means a
beautiful young maid or a matron. Cf. [briagadh]. Arran [brìd],
whisper.
briog
, thrust, Ir. [priocam]; from the Eng.
[prick].
briogach
, mean-spirited:
brìoghas
, fervour of passion; cf. W.
[brywus], [bryw], vigorous.
briogais
, breeches, Ir. [brigis]; from the
Eng. [breeks], [breeches].
briollag
, an illusion (Sh.); Ir. [brionn],
dream, reverie. The G. seems for [brion-lag]. See next.>>
brionglaìd
, a confusion, dream, Ir.
[brionnglóid], a dream; from [brionn], a dream, a lie. In the sense
of "wrangling", [brionglaid] is purely a Scotch Gaelic word, from S.,
Eng. [brangle], of like force.
brionnach
, pretty (M`F.), fair (Sh.),
glittering, Ir. [brinneall], a beautiful young woman, a matron.
brionnach
, brindled, striped; from the Eng.
[brinded], now [brindled].
brìos
, mockery (A.M`D.), half-intoxication
(M`A.):
briosaid
, a girdle (Arm.), from Eng. [brace]?
briosg
, start, jerk, so Ir.; from [brisg],
active, q.v.
briosgaid
, a biscuit, M.Ir. [brisca] (F.M.);
founded on Eng. [biscuit], but by folk-etymology made to agree with
[brisg], brittle (Gaidoz).
briosuirneach
, ludicrous; cf. [brìos],
mockery, etc.
briot
,
briotal
, chit-chat,
Ir. ++[briot], chatter, [briotach], a stammerer: [b&rdot;t-t-], [b&rdot;-t],
root [bar], [ber], as in Lat. [barbarus], Gr.
bárbaros
, [berberízu], I stammer. The reference
of [briot] to the name [Breatnaich] or Briotons as foreigners and
stammerers is scarcely happy.
bris
, break, so Ir., O.Ir. [brissim],
[*brestô], I break, root [bres], [bhres]; O.H.G. [brestan], Ag.S.
[berstan], Eng. [burst], Fr. [briser], break. Distantly allied to
[*berso-s], short, G. [beàrr]. Brugmann has compared the Gaelic to
Gr.
pérqw
, destroy, from [bherdho-],
giving a Celtic stem [b&rdot;d-to-], and [b&rdot;d-co-] for [brisg].
brisg
, brittle, Ir. [briosg], E.Ir. [brisc],
Br. [bresq]: [*bres-co-]; root [bres] of [bris] above.
brisg
, lively, Ir. [brisc], W. [brysg]; all
from the Eng. [brisk], of Scandinavian origin (Johansson, Zeit. xxx.).
brisgein
, cartilage; from Norse [brjósk],
cartilage, [bris], Sw. and Dan. [brusk]; Ger. [brausche], a lump (from
a bruise).
brisgein
,
brislein
, white
tansy; from [brisg], brittle.
britheamh
, a judge, Ir. [breitheamh], O.Ir.
[brithem], g. [britheman]; root [b&rdot;t], of [breath], judgment, q.v.
broc
, a badger, so Ir., E.Ir. [brocc], W.,
Cor., [broch], Br. [broc'h], [*brokko-s]: [*bork-ko-], "grey one";
root [bherk], [bhork], bright, Gr.
forkós
, grey, Lit. [berszti], Eng. [bright]?
Thurneysen cfs. the Lat. [broccus], having projecting teeth, whence
Fr. [broche] (from Lat. [*brocca], a spike, etc.), a spit, Eng.
[broach], [brooch]; he thinks the badger was named [broccos] from his
snout, and he instances the Fr. [brochet], pike, as parallet by
derivation and analogy. If Gr.
brúkw
,
bite, is allied to Lat. [broccus], the underlying idea of [broc] may
rather be the "biter", "gripper".
Bezzenberger suggests
Russ. [barsúkŭ], Turk. [porsuk], Magyar [borz]; or [*brokko-s],
from [*bhrod-ko-s], Skr. [bradhná], dun.
brocach
, greyish in the face, speckled, Ir.
[brocach], [broc], W. [broc], grizzled, roan; from [broc].
brochan
, gruel, porridge, Ir. [brochán],
O.Ir. [brothchán]; [broth-chán], [*broti-], cookery; root [bru], I.E.
[bhru], whence Eng. [broth], Lat. [defrutum], must. See [bruith].
bròchlaid
, trash, farrago; root [bhreu],
[bhru], as in [brochan]; [bhreu] varies with [bhrou], G. [brò].
bròcladh
, spoiling, mangling; see
[breòclaid].
brod
, a lid; from Sc. [brod], side form of
Eng. [board].
brod
, a goad, prickle, Ir. [brod], E.Ir.
[brott], W. [brath], Cor. [broz], Br. [brout], [*broddos], from
[broz-do-]; O.H.G. [brort], edge, Norse [broddr], sting, Eng. [brod],
[brad], Ag.S. [brord], sting.
brod
, the choice of anything; from the
above>>, in the sense of "excess". Cf. [corr].
bròd
, pride,
bròdail
,
proud, Ir. [bród], etc. In Arran (Sc.) we find
pròtail
, which is a step nearer the origin. From the
Eng. [proud]. ++
brodan
, mastiff, E.Ir. [brotchu],
W. [brathgi]; from [brod], "good".
bròd
, a crowd, brood, bròdach>, in crowds;
from the Eng. [brood]?
bròg
, a shoe, Ir. [bróg], M.Ir. [brócc],
E.Ir. [bróc], pl. [bróca], used in compounds for various nether
garments; from Norse [brókr], Ag.S. [bróc], pl. [bréc], Eng. [breech],
[breeks] (Zimmer, Zeit. xxx.). See [briogais].
brog
, stimulate, an awl; from Sc. [brog],
[prog]. Cf. W. [procio], thrust, poke, from M.E. [prokien],
stimulare. Thurneysen takes Sc. and G. from Fr. [broche], Lat.
[*brocca] (see [broc]). Hence
brogail
, "active",
"in good form".
brogach
, a boy, young lad, from [brog]?
broidneireachd
, embroidery, Ir.
[broidineireachd]; from the Eng. [broider], [embroidery]. ++
broigheal
, cormorant, Ir. [broighioll]:
broighleadh
, bustle; from Sc. [brulye] (Eng.
[broil]), Fr. [brouiller], It. [broglio]. See [braodhlach].
broighleag
, whortleberry; see [braoileag].
broigileineach
, substantial; from [broigeil],
a by-form of [brogail]; see [brogach].
broilein
, king's hood; pig's snout
(Badenoch): root [bhru], brow?
broilleach
, a breast, Ir., E.Ir. [brollach]:
[*bron-lach]; for [*bron], see [bruinne].
broineag
, a rag, ill-clad female,
bronag
, a crum (Dialectic); possibly from the root of
[bronn], distribute. Shaw spells it [broinneag], M`F. as above.
broinn
, belly (Dialectic); the dat. of [brù]
used dialectically as nom.; see [brù].
broit
, the bosom; properly the breast
covering (H.S.D., for latter meaning); cf. G. [brot], O.Ir.
[broiténe], palliolum. The word appears to be from [brat], mantle,
with a leaning for meaning on [bruinne], breast.
brolaich
, incoherent talk (as in sleep),
brolasg
, garrulity, Ir. [brolasgach], prattling; cf.
W. [brawl], [brol], boasting, Eng. [brawl], Du. [brallen], boast.
brolamas
, a mess (D.C.Mc.Ph.) (Glenmoriston);
same root as [brollach].
broluinn
,
brothluinn
,
boiling, "æstus", tide-boiling; from [broth], boiling, as in
[brollach], etc.
brollach
, a mess; cf. E.R. [brothlach], the
Fénian cooking pit, from [broth], as in [brochan], q.v.
bromach
, a colt, Ir. [bromach]: [*brusmo-],
[*brud-], [*bru], as in Eng. em-[bryo]?
brón
, grief, Ir., O.Ir. [brón], W. [brwyn],
smarting, sorrow, [*brugno-s]; Gr.
brúhw
(
u
long), gnash the
teeth; Lit. [gráuz@?iu], gnaw, Pol. [zgryzota], sorrow. ++
bronn
, grant, distribute, M.G. [bronnagh] (1408
charter), Ir. [bronnaim], E.Ir. [bronnaim], [brondaim], bestow,
spend: [*brundo-], [*bhrud-no-], I.E. root [bhrud]; Ag.S. [bryttian],
deal out, Norse [bryti], a steward (cf. Gr.
tamías
, steward, "cutter"), [brytja], chop, Eng.
[brittle], Teut. [brut], chop; perhaps Lat. [frustum], bit.
brosdaich
, stir up, Ir. [brosduighim], E.Ir.
[brostugud], inciting. The word is from the root [bros-], in
[brosdo-] of [brod], q.v., being here [bros-to-], which become
[brosso-], and later reverts to [brost], [brosd], or remains as in
brosnaich
. Stokes says it is founded on Low Lat.
[brosdus], [brusdus], broidery, "done by a needle", or [brosd], which
is of Teutonic origin and cognate with G. [brod], already given as
the root. Hence
brosgadh
, stimulation, etc. The
Ir. [brosna], O.Ir. [brosne], faggot, may be hence; the root [bhrud],
discussed under [bronn], has also been suggested.
brosgul
, flattery, fawning (especially of a
dog); possibly from the root form [brost], in [brosdaich], [brosgadh].
brosnaich
, incite; see [brosdaich]. This is
the best G. form; [brosdaich] is rather literary and Irish.
brot
, broth; from the Eng. [broth].
brot
, a veil, upper garment, O.Ir.
[broiténe], palliolum; G. is a by-form of [brat].
broth
, itch, Ir. [broth], [*bruto-]; see
[bruthainn] for root. Also (rarely)
bruth
.
broth
, lunar halo (Arg.), or
brogh
; cf. O.Ir. [bruth], heat, under [bruthainn]. Sc.
[broch], Ulster Ir. [broth].
brothag
, the bosom, a fold of the breast
clothes; [*broso-], root [brus] of [bruinne], breast.
brothas
, farrago, brose, Ir. [brothus], from
M.E. [brewis], Sc. [brose] See [bruthaist], the best G. form.
brù
, g.
bronn
, belly, so
Ir., O.Ir. [brú], [brond]; W. [bru]: [*brûs], [*brus-nos], root
[brus], I.E. [bhrus], [bhreus]; Teut. [breust-], Norse [bfjóst], Eng.
[breast], Ger. [brust]. Stokes refers it to the root [bru], to swell,
Gr.
brúw
, am full,
&ecom;m-bruon
, embryo (whence Eng. [embryo]), or to
Skr. [bhrû&ndot;á], embryo. See [bruinne].
bruach
, a bank, brink, Ir., O.Ir. [bruach]:
[*brou-ko-], I.E. [bhrû], brow, Gr.
&ocom;frús
, eybrow, Eng. [brow], Lit. [bruvis],
O.Ir. [brúad], (dual). Also E.Ir. [brú], bank, border. Stokes
suggests either the root of [brùth], bruise, or Lit. [briau-nà], edge.
bruchaire
, a surly fellow, one that hovers
about, Ir. [bruachaireachd], hovering about; [bruach].
bruadar
,
bruadal
, a dream,
Ir. [bruadair], W. [breuddwyd]: [*braud] or [*brav-]: [fraus],
[fraud]?
bruaillean
,
bruaidlean
,
trouble, grief; from [bruadal], above.
bruais
, crush to peices, gnash (Dialectic):
[*bhraud-so-], Lat. [fraus], Eng. [brittle].
bruan
, thrust, wound; from the root of
[brùth].
bruan
, a fragment; [*bhroud-no-], from
[*bhroud], break, Ag.S. [bréostan], break, Eng. [brittle], etc., as
under [bronn]. Strachan also suggests [*bhroucno-], Lett. [brukt],
crumple, and Stokes the root of [brùth].
brùc
, seaweed cast ashore (Lewis); Norse
[brúk], drid heaps of seaweed.
brucach
, spotted in the face, smutted, Ir.
[brocach]: "badger like"; see [broc]. The Sc. [broukit], [brooked],
is of uncertain origin (Murray). Hence
brucadhadh
,
irregular digging,
brucaniach
, the peep of dawn
(M`A.), etc.
brucag
,
bruchag
, a chink,
eylet (Sh.), dim candle light (H.S.D.). Sh. gives [bruchag], H.S.D.
[brucag], which appears only to apply to the "dim candle light]; from
[brucach].
brùchd
, belch, burst out, so Ir., E.Ir.
[brúchtaim], eructo, vomo, W. [brytheiro] (vb.), [brythar] (n.).
bruchlag
, a hovel; from [brugh], q.v.
bruchlas
, the fluttering of birds going to
rest (Sh.):
bruchorcan
, stool bent, heath rush; said to
be derived from ++[brú], a hind, and [corc-an], oats, "deer's oats".
Also
bruth-chorcan
.
brudhach
, a brae; see [bruthach].
brudhaist
, brose; see [bruthaist].
brugh
, large house, a tumulus, so Ir., E.Ir.
[brug], [mrug], land, holding, mark, W. [bro], country, region, land,
[Cym-mro], a Welshman, pl. [Cymmry] ([*com-mroges]), Br. [bro],
country, Gaul. [Brogi-]: [*mrogi] (for Gadelic); Lat. [margo]; Got.
[marka], border-country, Ag.S. [mearc], border, Eng. [mark], [march].
bruich
, boil, cook; gutturalised form of
[bruith] (cf. [bràth], [bràch]). See [bruith]. The Ir. [bruighim]
appears in O'R., and has been compared to Lat. [frîgo], Gr.
frúgw
, roast; but it is evidently a bad spelling
of [bruith].
bruid
, captivity, I. [bruid], M.Ir. [*brat],
g. [braite], E.Ir. acc. [broit], [*braddâ]. For root, see [bradach].
bruid
,
bruidich
, stab,
goad, Ir. [bruidighim]: the verb from [brod], a goad.
brùid
, a brute, Ir. [brúid]; from Eng.
[brute].
bruidheann
,
bruidhinn
,
talk, conversation, Ir. [bruíghinn], scolding speech, a brawl (also
[bruitheann]), O.Ir. [fris-brudi], renuit, W. [cyfrau], song, O.Br.
[co-brouol], verbialia, [*mru], say; Skr. [brû], [bravati], says, Zend
[mrû], speak. O'Grady (S. Gad. xvi.) connects E.Ir. [brudin],
hospitium; says meaning really is "quarrel". He gives Ir. as
[bruidhen]. Stokes E.Ir. [brudin], [*brodìna], Eng. [board] (Z. 33).
bruidlich
, stir up; see [bruid], stab, goad.
brùill
, bruise, thump; a derivative from
[brùth], q.v.
brùillig
, a person of clumsy figure and gait
(H.S.D., which refers the word to [brù], belly); from [brù]?
bruim-fheur
, switch grass, so Ir.: from
[braim-fheur], a term to denote its worthlessness.
Brùinidh
, the Brownie; from Sc. [Brownie],
the benevolent farmhouse goblin, from Eng. [brown]. Cf. the Norse
[Svart-álfr] or dark elves.
bruinne
, breast, O.Ir. [bruinne], W. [bron],
Cor. and M.Br. [bronn], [*brus-no], root [bhrus], [bhreus]; Norse
[brjóst], Ger. [brust], Eng. [breast]. Stokes gives the root as
[brend], from I.E. [&gcurly;rendh], swell, be haughty, Gr.
brénqúomai
, strut, bear oneself loftily, Lat.
[grandis], Ch.Sl [gra@?d&ibreve;], breast. Usually correlated with
got. [brunjô], breastplate, M.H.G. [brünne], N. [brynja], coat of
mail, M.Eng. [brynie], Sc. [byrnie]: a satisfactory enough derivation,
and ultimatley from the same root as the first one given above (I.E.
[bhru]). Indeed Stokes says the Teut. is borrowed from the Celtic.
bruinneadh
, the from (Dialectic), O.Ir.
[bruinech], prow, Cor. [brenniat], prow, [*bronjo-], to which Bex.
compares Ger. [grans], prow (I.E. [&gcurly;h] = G.
b
?). From root of [bruinne].
bruis
, a brush, Ir. [bruis] (vulg.); from the
Eng. [brush].
bruiteach
, warm; from [*bruth], heat; see
[bruthainn].
bruith
, boil, cook, so Ir., E.Ir. [bruith],
cooking, [*brot-], from the root [bru], I.E. [bhru]; Eng. [broth]
(Teut. [broþo-], I.E. [bhruto-], and [brew] (I.E. [bhreu]); Lat.
[defrutum], must; Thrac. Gr.
br&uibre;ton
,
beer.
brunsgal
, rumbling noise; [bronn]+[sgal]?
From [brù], in any case.
brusg
, a crumb, particle of food, Ir.
[bruscán], [brusgar], broken ware, useless fragments, [brus], refuse
of corn: from [*brus], short form of [*brûs] in [brùth].
brutach
, digging, the act of digging (N.H.
according to H.S.D.): [*brutto-], [*bhrud-to-], root [bhrud], break?
See [bronn].
brùth
, bruise, pound, Ir. [brúighim], E.Ir.
[brúim], [*brûs], strike, graze, pound; Pre. Celt. [bhreus]; Ag.S.
[brýsan], bruise, Eng. [bruise] (influenced by Fr.); perhaps O.Slav.
[brŭsna@?ti], corrumpere, radere.
bruthach
, a brae: [*brut-acos], root [bru],
from [bhru], brow; see [bruach]. Sc. [brae] is of a similar origin,
founded on Norse [brá], eyelid, brow (Murray).
bruthainn
, sultriness, heat, Ir., O.Ir.
[bruth], fervour, W. [brwd], hot, Br. [brout], hot (fire), O.Br.
[brot]: [*brutu-]. For further root see [bruith]. Wider are Lat.
[ferveo], [fervor], Eng. [burn], etc.
bruthaist
, brose; from early Sc., Eng.
[browes], Sc. [brose]; from the Fr., but allied to Eng. [broth].
bu
, was, Ir. [budh], O.Ir. [by]: Proto-Gaelic
[*bu] for a Celtic [bu-t]; Gr.
&ebcom;/fu
(
u
long), aorist
tense; Lat. [fuit]; Skr. [ábhût], was; I.E. [é-bhû-t]. The root is
[bheu], [bhu]; Eng. [be], etc. Both G. and Ir. [aspirate], which
shows the
t
of the 3rd sing. disappeared early.
bubhall
, unicorn, buffalo, M.Ir. [buabhall],
W. [bual]; from Lat. [bubalus], buffalo, gazelle, whence
([būfalus]) Eng. [fuggalo].
buabhall
, a trumpet, Ir. [bubhall],
[buadhbhall], M.Ir. [buaball], W. [bual], bugle; cf. M.Ir.
[buabhall], horn, W. [bual], buffalo horn, M.Ir. [corn buabhaill];
whence the further force of "trumpet".
buachaill
, a herdsman, so Ir., O.Ir.
[bóchaill], [buachaill], W. [bugail], Cor., Br. [bugel]; Gr.
[boukólos], cowherd (Lat. [bucolicus], Eng. [bucolic],
bou-
, cow, and
-kolos
, attendant, Lat. [colo], [cult]ivate.
buachar
, cow-dung, Ir. [buacar], [buachar]
(Con.), Br. [beuzel]; for the stem before the suffix [-ar], cf. W.
[buwch] ([*boukkâ]), though [bou-cor-] or [bouk-cor-], "cow-offcast",
may properly be the derivation for the Gadelic. See [bó] and,
possibly, [cuir]. Cf. [salchar].
buadhghallan
,
buaghallan
,
ragwort, Ir.
buadhghallan
, M.Ir. [buathbhallan],
[buathfallan]: "virtue bearing wort"? More probably it is
[buaf-bhallan], "toad-wort", brom [buaf], toad,
reptile,
from Lat. [bûfo]. The Welsh call it "serpent's weed", [llysiau'r
nedir". Ir. [baufanau] is "mugwort"; [buadharlann] (Hend.).
buaic
, a wick, Ir. [buaic]; from Eng. [wick],
Ag.S. [weoca]?
buaic
, bleaching lees, Ir. [buac]; from M.E.
[bouken], steep in lye, Eng. [buck], Ger. [bauchen]; Fr. [buer], from
a Lat. type [*bûcare]. See [fùcadh].
buaicneach
, smallpox (Suth.); founded on a
later form of Lat. [bucca], as in [bucaid], q.v.
buaidh
, victory, virtue, so Ir., O.Ir.
[buaid], W. [budd], O.Br. [bud], Gaul. [boud-], in many personal
names, whether as the only root (cf. Boudicca, "Victrix") or in
compounds, either initial or as second part: [*boudi-]; Norse [býti],
exchange, Ger. [beute], booty, Eng. [booty], Fr. [butin] (do.).
buaidheam
, fits of inconstancy; cf.
[buathadh].
buail
, strike, so Ir., E.Ir. [bualaim]:
[*budlo-], or [*boudlo-], [*boud], Pre-Celt. [bhoud], [bheud]; Ag.S.
[béatan], Eng. [beat], [beetle], Ger. [beutel], beetle (Strachan).
See [buille]. Stokes gives the form [*buglaô], root [bug], [bhug], as
in Ger. [pochen], Eng. [poke].
buaile
, a fold, pen, so Ir., E.Ir. [buale];
Lat. [bovile]; from [*bov-], cow.
buaill
, place for resting and milking
(Lewis). Cf. Norse [ból].
buain
, reap, Ir., O.Ir. [buain], inf. of
[bongaim], reap, break: [*bogni-] or [*bongni-]? For root, see
[bochd].
buair
, tempt, vex, Ir. [buaidhirim], E.Ir.
[buadraim], O.Ir. [buadartha], turbulentus: [*boud-ro-]; possibly from
[bhoud], strike, the idea coming from a form [*boudro-], a goad,
goading? G. has
buaireadh
,
buair
, a rage.
bual-chòmhla
, sluice (M`L.) ([an fhamh
bhual], water vole); M.Ir. [bual], flowing sluice water, E.Ir.
[roth-búali], water-wheel, [*bogla], Eng. [beck], Ger. [bach] (St.)
(Zim.).
bualtrach
, cow-dung, so Ir. [buartlach]
(Dial. Ir.); from [buar], cattle.
buamastair
, a blockhead.
buan
, lasging, Ir. [buan], lasting, fixed,
E.Ir. [buan]: "being, during", from [*bu], be, I.E. [bhu], be; Lit.
[butinas], being, during, from [buti], be; Norse [búa], dwell, Got.
[bauan], etc. Stokes gives the G. stem as [buvano-s], and cfs. Skr.
[bhûvana], existence. Hence
buanaich
, persevere.
buana
, an idle person who lives on the best
his heighbours can afford (Lewis) (M`A.): ++
buanna
,
a mercenary, a billeted soldier, so Ir.:
buannachd
, profit; from [buain], reap, with
irregularly doubled
n
(see [cinne], [linne],
[seann], [bann-] for [ban-], [miann]? Cf. Ir. [buannacht], soldiers
billeting from a tenant (Joyce).
buar
, cattle, so Ir., E.Ir. [búar], cattle of
the cow kind; from [bó], cow: [*bovâro-]; cf. Lat. [boarius].
buarach
, cow-fetter, Ir., E.Ir. [buarach]:
for [bó-árach], "cow-fetter", [árach] being for [ad-rig-os], root
[rig] of [cuibhreach], q.v.
buathadh
, a rushing, a mad fit:
bùb
, roar, Ir. [bub]: onomatopoetic. Cf.
Lat. [baubor], bay, Gr.
baúzw
, bark,
Lit. [bubauti], roar.
bùban
, coxcomb, Ir. [bubán]; cf. Eng.
[booby].
bucach
, a boy (dial.): "growing one"; founded
on Lat. [bucca] as in the following word.>>
bucaid
, a pustule, Ir. [bucóoid], a spot,
E.Ir. [boccóit]; from Brittonic Lat. [buccâtus], from [bucca], puffed
cheek (Eng. [debouch], [rebuke]).
bucall
, a buckle, Ir. [buccla], W. [bwel];
from M.Eng. [bukyll], Eng. [buckle], from Fr. [boucle], from Lat.
[bucula], cheek-strap, from [bucca], cheek.
bùchd
, size (Sh. [buc]); from Sc. [bouk],
i.e. [bulk].
buchainn
, melodious (A.M`D.):
buchallach
, nestling (adj.): [*buth-chal],
"house tending"? [buchallach] (M`L. Teachd.Gaidh.):
budach
, poult (Suth.): see [pùt].
budagochd
, snipe (M`L.), woodcock (H.S.D.).
It seems a reminiscence of Eng. [woodcock].
budhaigir
, the puffin,
buigire
, (M`A., for St. Kilda), Sc. [bowger], the
coulter-neb; somehow from Norse [bugr], curve, "bent-bill"?
budhailt
, a window-like recess in a wall;
from Sc. [bowall], [boal], [bole]. Origin unknown (Murray).
budhag
, a bundle of straw: root [bud], which
underlies Fr. [botte], bundle? See [boitean].
bugha
, a green spot by a stream (Skye),
[bogha] (Rob.).
buideal
, a bottle, cask, Ir. [buideul], W.
[potel]; from Eng. [bottle]. See [botul].
buidealaich
, a conflagration, Ir. [buite],
fire, [buitealach] (Lh.++, O'Cl., O'B.), [bott] (O'Cl.): [*bud-do-],
root [bhud] (Lat. [fustis], [bhud-tis], Eng. [beetle]), giving the
idea of "faggot", "firewood"?
buidhe
, yellow, so Ir., O.Ir. [buide]; Lat.
[badius], Eng. [bay].
buidhe
, now
buidheachas
,
thanks, Ir. [buidhe], O.Ir. [buide] (W. [boddaw], please, [bodd],
will?), [*budo-], I.E. Pbhudh], [bheudh]; Gr.
peúqomai
, learn by inquiry; Ag.S. [béodan],
command, Eng. for-[bid].
buidhe
, glad to, had to, O.Ir. [buithi],
participle of necessity, from the verb [bí], be: "Is amlid is buithi
do chách" - Thus ought it to be with every one (9th Cent. glosses); G.
"Is buidhe do gach neach".
buidheann
, a company, Ir. [buidhean], O.Ir.
[buden], W. [byddin], O.Br. [bodin], manus, [*bodînâ]; O.H.G.
[chutti], troop, band, O.Fries. [kedde], Ger. [kette], covey; I.E.
[gô]: [go], drive; cf. Lit. [gu@?tas], herd.
buidhinn
, gain,win,
buinnig
, act of gaining, gain; from the Eng. [win],
[winning].
buil
, effect, use, Ir. [boil], [*bol],
[*bel]: Pre-Celt. [bhel], [bhol]; Gr.
&ocom;/felos
, advantage,
&wcom;féléw
, help.
buileach
, total, entirely; another form of
[baileach]. E.Ir. has [bulid], blooming.
buileastair
, a bullace or sloe (M`D., Sh.);
from M.E. [bolaster] = [bullace-tree], from [bolace], now [bullace].
builionn
, a loaf, Ir. [builín]; from O.Fr.
[boulange], ball-shaped loaf (?), which Diez suggests as the basis of
Fr. [boulanger], baker.
buille
, a blow, so Ir., E.Ir. [bulle],
[buille] = [bollia] = [bus-liâ] + [bhud-s-liâ]; root [bhud], beat, as
in [buail], q.v. Stokes gives the stem as [*boldja], allied to Lit.
[béldz@?iu], [belsti], give a blow, [baldas], a beetle; Ger.
[poltern].
buillsgean
, centre, Ir. [boilsceán], M.Ir.
[bolscén], middle, midriff = [bolgán], from [balg], [bolg], belly.
buin
, belong to, Ir. [beanaim]. The Ir. is
from the verb [bean], touch; the G., which has the idea of
relationship or origin ([Cha bhuin e dhomh]: he is not related to me),
seems to confuse [bean] and [bun], stock.
buinne
, a cataract, tide, Ir. [buinne], a
spout, tap, E.Ir. [buinne], wave, rush of water: G.
buinneach
, flux, diarrhœa, so Ir.; see [boinne].
Also [puinne] (Suth.) (W.Ross).
buinneag
, a twig, sprout, Ir. [buinneán],
E.Ir. [buinne]: [*bus-niâ]; root [bus], as in Eng. [bush], [boosky],
Ger. [busch], etc.
buinnig
, winning; see [buidhinn]. ++
buinnire
, a footman, so Ir.; from [bonn], sole of the
foot.
bùir
,
bùirich
, roar,
bellow (as a bull), Ir. [búireadh], roaring; E.Ir. [búraim];
[*bû-ro-], I.E. root [&gcurly;evo], [&gcurly;û], cry; Gr.
boáw
, shout; Lit. [gauju], howl; Skr. [gu], cry.
Strachan gives as G. stem [bucro-], root [buq] as in Lat. [buccina],
horn, Gr.
búktcs
, howling, Skr.
[bukkāras], lion's roar, Norwg. [bura], to bellow, Shet.
[boorik], cow.
buirdeiseach
, a free man, burgess, Ir.
[buirgéiseach]; from the Eng. [burgess].
buirleadh
, language of folly and ridicule;
from the Romance [burla], to jest, etc. See [burraidh].
bùirseach
, a deluge of rain; a rousing fire
(Heb.):
buiseal
, a bhshel, Ir. [buiseul]; from Eng.
[bushel].
bùit
, bashful (Badenoch): a form of
[bòidich]?
buitseach
, a witch, so Ir.; from Eng.
[witch]; "buidseach agus raitseach".
bùlas
, pot hook; from the Sc. [bools], a pot
hook in two parts or "bools", M.Eng. [bool], a pail handle, round part
of a key, Ger. [bügel], arc: from Teut. [beugan], bend, Eng. [bow].
Dialectic
pùlas
.
bumailear
, bungler; from Sc. [bummeler], from
[bummil], bungle, Eng. [bumble]; of onomatopoetic origin (Murray).
Cf. Ger. [bummler], a lounger.
bun
, root, stock, bottom, Ir., E.Ir. [bun],
W. [bon], stem, trunk, O.W. [boned]; Armen. [bun]; N.Pers. [bun], Zd.
[buna-] (Bugge). Rhys has suggested a comnection with Ger. [bühne], a
stage, boards. Ag.S. [bune], "stalk, reed", may be allied. It cannot
be connected with [bonn], for the stem there is [bhuadh-no-], root
[bhudh]. The ultimate root of [bun], in any case, is simply [bhu],
[bhû], grow, swell, Gr.
fúw
,
f&uibre;lon
,a tribe, Eng. [boil] (n.), Ger.
[bheule], a swelling, Skr. [bhumis], earth; [bhû], grow, is identical
with [bhu], be.
bunach
, coarse tow, refuse of flax, so Ir.;
from [bun].
bunait
, foundation, Ir. [bunáit]:
[bun]+[áit], q.v.
bungaìd
, a hussy (Dial.); from Sc. [bungy],
pettish.
bunnlum
, steadiness,
bunntam
, Mbunntamas>, solidity, shrewdness; from [bun],
foundation. Cf. Ir. [buntomhas], well founded opinion:
[bun]+[tomhas], q.v.
bunnsach
, a twig, so Ir., E.Ir. [bunsach];
see [buinneag].
bunnsach
, a sudden rush; from [buinne].
bunntam
, solidity; see [bunnlum].
buntàta
, potato, Ir. [potáta], [fataidhe];
from the English. It contains a piece of folk-etymologising in the
syllable [bun-], root.
buntuinn
, belonging; see [buin].
bùrach
, turning up of the earth, digging;
from the Sc. [bourie], Eng. [burrow]. The Sc. [bourach], enclosure,
cluster, knoll, heap, etc., is the Eng. [bower].
burgaid
, a purge,
Burgadoir
, Purgatory; see [purgaid], [Purgadoir].
bùrlam
, a flood, rush of water (Arg.); see
[bòrlum].
burmaid
, wormwood; from the Eng. M.Ir. [in
uormoint].
bùrn
, water; from Sc. [burn], water,
spring-water, Eng. [bourne], [burn], a stream, Teut. [brunnon-], a
spring, Norse [brunnr], well, Ger. [brunnen].
burrachdadh
, raging:
burraidh
, ablockhead, Ir. [búrraidh]; from
Sc. [burrio] (1535), Fr. [bourrieau], Lat. [burræ], nonsense, Eng.
[burlesque], etc.
burral
, a howl, lamentation, so Ir.; for the
root, which is here short ([*bur-ro-]?), see [bùir]. Cf. [bururus],
however.
burras
, a caterpillar:
burr-
, as in
burr'caid
,
clumsy person,
burr'ghlas
, a torrent of rage, etc,
seems from [borr], great, excessive, q.v.
burr'sgadh
, a burst of passion, may be from Eng.
[borasco], squall of wind.
bùrt
, mockery; from Sc. [bourd], M.Eng.
[bourd], jest, Fr. [bourde], a lie.
burrurus
, infant lisping, warbling, purling;
cf. Eng. [purr] and [purl] (Skeat). Evidently onomatopoetic.
bus
, a mouth, kiss, Ir., M.Ir. [bus],
[*bussu-]; Pre-Celt. [&gcurly;uss-]; Teut. [kuss], Ger. [küssen],
kiss, Eng. [kiss] (Kluge). Bezzenberger cfs. Lit [buczúti], kiss;
others give [buc-sa], allied to Lat. [bucca], cheek.
busgadh
, dressing; from the Sc., Eng. [busk].
busgaid
, a bustle (M`D.); formed from Eng.
[busy]; cf. Ag.S. [bysgy], business.
bustail
, puffing, blowing (Heb.); from [bus].
butadh
, a push; see [putadh].
butag
, oar pin; see [putag].
bùth
, a shop; from the Eng. [booth], Norse
[búð], shop, root [bhu], be. See [bothan].
buthainnich
, thump, thrash, bang; from the
root [bhud], beat (Eng. [beat])? See next.>>
buthuinn
, long straw for thatch; cf.
sputhainn
, straw not threshed, but seedless (Arg.),
which seems from [spoth].
butrais
,
butarrais
, a
mess:
c'
, for [co], [cia], who, what, q.v.
cà
,
ca
, where, Ir. [cá],
how, where, who; a by-form to [cia], [cè], q.v.
cab
, a gap, indentation, mouth, Ir. [cab],
mouth, head, gap, [cabach], babbling, indented. The word is borrowed
from two English words - [gap] and [gab] (M.E. [gabben], chatter); G.
has also [gab], directly from [gab] of the Sc. Hence
cabach
, gap-toothed.
càbag
, a cheese; Sc. [cabback], [kebbock].
The latter form ([kebbock]) is probably from a G. [ceapag], [cepag],
obsolete in G. in the sense of "a cheese", but still used for the
thick wooden wheel of wheel-barrows; it is from G. [ceap]. Sc.
[cabback] is a side form of [kebbock], and it seems to have been
re-borrowed into G. as [càbag]. the real G. word for "a cheese" is
now [mulachag].
cabaist
, cabbage, Ir. [gabáisde]; from the
Eng.
càball
, a cable, Ir. [cabla]; from Eng.
[cable], which, through Fr., comes from Lat. [capulum].
cabar
, a rafter, caber, deer's horn, Ir.
[cabar], W. [ceibr], rafters, O.Br. [cepriou], beams; from a Med.Lat.
[*caprio], a rafter, [capro], [caprones] (which exists as a genuine
8th century word),
Fr. [chevron], rafter. [caprio] is
from [caper], goat; Lat. [capreoli], goat-lets, was used for two beams
meeting to support something, props, stays.
cabasdar
,
cabstar
, a bit,
curb, W. [cebystr], Br. [kabestr]; from Lat. [capistrum], halter,
"head-holder", from [caput].
cabhag
, hurry:
cabhlach
, a fleet, Ir. [cobhlach],
[cabhlach], E.Ir. [coblach]; [*cob-lach]; from [kub], [*qu&gcurly;],
curve, root of Lat. [cymba], boat, Gr.
kúmbc
, boat, cup, especially Lat. [cybaea], a
transport ([*kubaía].
cabhladh
, ship's tackle, Ir. [cábhluighe];
cf. [cabhlach] and Eng. [cable].
càbhruich
, sowens, flummery, Ir.
[cáthbhruith]; from [cáth] and [bruith], q.v.
cabhsair
, causeway, Ir. [cabhsa]; from Eng.
[causey], [causeway], from O.Fr. [caucie], from Lat. [calciata] (via).
cabhsanta
, dry, snug; from Sc. [cosie],
[colsie], Eng. [cosy], whose origin is unknown.
cabhtair
, an issue, drain in the body (M`D.,
who, as [cautair], explains it as "an issue or cauter"); from Eng.
[cauter].
cabhuil
, a conical basket for catching fish;
from M.Eng. [cawell], a fish basket, still used in Cornwall, Ag.S.
[cawl]. Cf. Br. [kavell], bow-net, O.Br. [cauell], basket, cradle;
from Lat. [cauuella], a vat, etc. (Loth, Ernault).
càblaid
, turmoil, hindrance, trouble (Wh.):
See [càpraid].
cabon
, capon (M`D.), Ir. [cabún]; from Eng.
[capon].
cac
, excrement, so Ir., E.Ir. [cacc], Cor.
[caugh], Br. [kac'k], [*kakko-]; Lat. [caco]; Gr.
kákkc
; Skr. [çáka], g. [çaknás].
càch
, the rest, others, Ir., O.Ir. [cách],
quivis, W. [pawb], all, Br. [pep], [*qáqe]; root [qō], [qo],
[qe] of [co] and [gach], q.v.
cachdan
, vexation, Ir. [cacht], distress,
prioner, E.Ir. [cachtaim], I capture, W. [caeth], slave, confined:
[*kapto-], caught; Lat. [capio], [captus]; Got. [haban], Eng. [have].
cachliadh
(Arm.),
cachaleith
(H.S.D.), a gate; [co-cliath], "co-hurdle";
see [cliath], [cleath], hurdle, wattle. Also
cachliag
, (C.S.). It has also been explained as
[cadha-chliath], "hurdle-pass". Carmichael gives alternate
[cliath-na-cadha].
cadadh
, tartan cloth, hose tartan, Manx
[cadee], cotton; Eng. [caddow] (16th cent.), an Irish quilt or cloak;
doubtless from Eng. [caddis], worsted, crewel work, etc., Fr. [cadis],
woolen serge. See also [catas].
cadal
, sleep, Ir. [codladh], O.Ir. [cotlud],
vb. [contulim]: [*con-tul-], root [tol]; Ch.Sl. [toliti], appease,
placare, Lit. [tilas], quiet (Persson). The root [tol], [tel],
appears in [tràth], gentle, Lat. [tolerare], Sc. [thole].
cadan
, cotton (Sh.); from Eng. [cotton].
Properly
codan
, which is the usual dialect form.
See [cotan]. For Ir. [cadás], cotton, see [catas].
cadha
, a pass, narrow pass, entry; cf. Ir.
[caoi], way, road, E.Ir. [cái], which Stokes, however, refers to the
root [ci] as in Lat. [cio], move, Gr.
kíw
, go, a derivation which does not suit the G.
phonetically. [cae] (Meyer).
cadhag
, jackdaw, Ir. [cabhóg], M.Ir. [caog];
[*ca-óg], the [ca]-er or crier of [ca], [caw]; on onomatopoetic
origin. Cf. Eng. [caw]; also [chough], from a West Teut. [kâwa-].
cadhag
, a wedge (M`A. for Skye):
cadhan
, wild goose, barnacle goose, so Ir.;
cf. Eng. [caw], for possibly the name is onomatopoetic. Corm. (B)
[cadan].
cadh-luibh
, the cud-weed (Sh. gives
cad-luibh
, and O'B.), Ir. [cadh-luibh]; from M.Eng.
[code], a cud. M`A. omits the word; it is clearly Irish. The G. is
cnàmh lus
, which is its Lat. name of [gnaphalium]
in folk etymology.
cadhmus
, a mould for casting bullets; from
Sc. [cawmys], [calmes] (16th century), [caums], Eng. [calm], [came].
cagailt
, a hearth, Ir. [cagailt], raking of
the fire (O'R.):
cagar
, a whisper, Ir. [cogar], M.Ir.
[coccur]; [cechras], qui canet, [cairche], sound; root [kar], of Lat.
[carmet], Gr.
k&cibre;rux
, herald (Stokes).
cagaran
, darling: [*con-car-]; root [car],
dear, as in [caraid].
caglachan
, something ground to pulp or dust
(M`D.):
cagnamh
, chewing, Ir. [cognadh], M.Ir.
[cocnum], O.Ir. [cocnom]: [*con-cnámh]; see [cnàmh].
caibe
, a spade, turf cutter, Ir. [coibe],
[cuibe] (O'R., Fol.), W. [caib], O.Cor. [cep].
caibeal
, a chapel (M`D.); from Lat.
[capella]. The G. really is [seipeal], q.v.
caibheis
, giggling, laughing:
caibideil
,
caibdeil
, a
chapter, Ir. [caibidil], E.Ir. [caiptel], W. [cabidwl]; from Lat.
[capitulum], whence O.Fr. [chapitre], Eng. [chapter].
caidir
, cherish, so Ir. See the next word.>>
caidreabh
, fellowship, affection, vicinity,
so Ir., M.Ir. [caidrebh], Celtiberian [Contrebia]: [*con-treb-]; see
[aitreabh], [treabh].
caig
, conversation, claque (Arg.); teaze
(Perth):
caigeann
, a couple (of animals), coupling:
[*con-ceann]; from [ceann], q.v.
caigeann
, a winding pass through rocks and
brushwood, a rough mountani pass (Dial. = [cadha-éiginn]).
caigeann
, scrimmage (M`D.):
càil
, condition, vigour, appetite, anything
([càileigin]), Ir. [cáil], W. [cael], to have, get, enjoy, [*kapli-],
[*kapelo-]: root [qap]; Lat. [capio], Eng. [have].
cailbhe
, a partition wall (of wattle or clay,
etc.); from [calbh], q.v.
cailc
, chalk, Ir., E.Ir. [cailc], W. [calch];
from Lat. [calx], [calcis], whence also Eng. [chalk].
caile
, girl, wench, Ir. [caile], hussy, E.Ir.
[caile]; cf. Br. [plac'h], girl; Gr.
pallakc/
, concubine, Lat. [pellex]. Usually
caileag
, girl.
càileach
, husks, Ir. [cáithleach]:
[cáith-lach]; see [càth]. From [càth] comes also
càilean
, a husk.
caileadair
, philosopher, star-gazer; from the
Eng. [calender], a mendicant dervish, from Pers. [qalander].
cailidear
, snot, rheum (M`F.,
cailidhir
in Sh.). O'R. improves this into
[cailidéar].
cailis
, chalice, Ir. [cailís]; from Lat.
[calix], cup, Eng. [chalice].
cailise
, kails, ninepins (M`D.); from Eng.
[kails], M.Eng. [cailis], from [keyle], a peg, Ger. [kegel], a cane,
ninepin.
cailleach
, old wife, nun, so Ir., O.Ir.
[caillech], "veiled one"; from [caille], veil, which is from the Lat.
[pallium], cloak, Eng. [pall].
caillteanach
, eunuch, so Ir.; from [caill],
lose. See [call].
càimein
, a mote, Ir. [cáim], a stain,
blemish; from [càm].
caimeineach
, saving (Carm.):
caimhleachadh
,
caingleachadh
, restraining (Carm.).
caimir
, a fold:
caimleid
, camlet; from the Eng.
càin
, a tax, a tribute, Ir. [cáin], E.Ir.
[cáin], statute, law: [*kap-ni-], root [qap], as in [càil]? Stokes
refers it to the root [kâs], order, Skr. [çâs] (do.), Lat.
[castigare], [castus], Got. [hazjan], praise. Hence Sc. [cain].
càin
, white: from Lat. [cānus].
càin
, scold, revile, Ir. [cáin], M.Ir.
[cáined], scolding: [*kag-niô] or [kakniô](?); Gr.
kaházw
, laugh,
kagházw
, Lat. [cachinnus]; O.H.G. [huohôn], mock;
Skr. [kakhati], laugh.
cainb
, hemp, Ir. [cnáib], M.Br. [canap]; from
Lat. [cannabis], allied to Eng. [hemp].
caineal
, cinnamon; from Sc. and obsolete Eng.
[cannel], [canel], cinnamon, from O.Gr. [canelle], from Lat.
[canella], dim. of [canna], cane.
caingeann
, a fine (Heb.), Ir. [caingean], a
rule, case, compact, etc.:
Caingis
, Pentecost, Ir. [cingcis], E.Ir.
[Cingcigais]; from the Lat. [quinquagesima] (dies, 50th day from the
Passover).
cainneag
, a mote:
cainneag
, a hamper (Skye):
cainnt
, speech, Ir. [caint]; from [can], say,
q.v. Stokes gives the stem as [*kan(s)ti], root [kans], Skr [çasti],
prise, from [çams], speak, Lat. [censeo].
caiptean
, a captain, Ir., M.Ir. [caiptín];
from M.Eng. [capitain], from O.Fr. [capitaine], Lat. [capitaneus],
[caput], head.
càir
, a blaze, sea foam, etc.; see rather
[caoir].
càir
, the gum, Ir. [cáir] ([cairib], Fol.):
càir
, a peat moss, dry part of the peat moss
(Dial.); from Eng. [carr], boggy ground, Norse [kjarr], brushwood.
Also [càthar], q.v.
cairb
, the bent ridge of a cart saddle
[srathair]. Shaw gives further the meanings "plank, ship, fusec
([cairb a' ghunna]) (Rob), chariot"; Ir. [corb], coach. The word is
the primary stem from which [carbad], chariot, springs; see [carbad].
As "fusee" or "fisil", i.e., "musket", it seems a curtailed form of
[cairbinn].
cairbh
, a carcase, carrion; also
cairb
(Dial.); allied to [corpus]?
cairbhist
, carriage, tenants' rent service;
from M.Eng. [cariage], in all senses (Cf. the charter terms - "Areage
and cariage and all due service"), now [carriage].
cairbinn
, a carabine; from the Eng.
cairbinneach
, a toothless person (Sh.); from
++
cairb
, a jaw, gum, Ir. [cairb]. See [cairb]
above.
cairc
, flesh, person:
càird
, a delay, respite, Ir. [cáirde]; cf.
O.Ir. [cairde], pactum. A special legal use of a word which
originally means "friendship". See next.>>
càirdeas
, friendship, so Ir., O.Ir.
[cairdes]; from [caraid], q.v.
càireag
, a prating girl (Sh., who gives
[caireog]); probably from [càir], gum: "having jaw".
caireal
, noise; see [coirioll]. ++
cairfhiadh
, a hart or stag, Ir. [cáirrfhiadh]:
[*carbh-fhiadh]. For [*carbh], a deer; cf. W. [carw], hart, stag,
Cor. [caruu], Br. [caru]; Lat. [carvus]; Gr.
keraós
, horned.
càirich
, mend, Ir. [cóirighim], E.Ir.
[córaigim], arrange, from [cóir], q.v. Cf. [cairim], sutor, Z. 775.
cairidh
, a weir, Ir. [cora], M.Ir. [coraidh]
for [cora], g. [corad], W. [cored], O.W. and O.Br. [coret], from
Celtic [korjô], I set, put. See [cuir].
cairgein
, sea moss, Ir. moss, Eng
[carrageen], so named from Carragheen (Waterford), in Ireland. This
place name is a dim. of [carraig], rock.
cairis
, corpse, carcase; founded on M.Eng.
[cors], Sc. [corrssys] (pl. in Blind Harry), now [corse].
cairmeal
, wild liquorice; see [carrameille].
cairnean
, an egg-shell:
cairt
, bark (of a tree), Ir. [cairt]; Lat.
[cortex]; root [qert], cut, Lit. [kertù], cut, Eng. [rend].
cairt
, a cart, so Ir., W. [cart]; from the
Eng. [cart].
cairt
, a card, so Ir.; G. is from Sc.
[carte], which is direct from the Fr. [carte]. The Eng. modifies the
latter form into [card]. The are all from Lat. [charta], paper.
E.Ir. [cairt] meant "parchment".
cairt
, cleanse, Ir. [cartaighim], E.Ir.
[cartaim], W. [carthu], purge, [kar-to-]. The root idea is a
"clearing out"; the root [ker], [kar], separate, is allied to [sker]
in [ascart], and especially in [sgar].
cairteal
, a quarter; from Late Lat.
[quartellus], Norse [kvartill], Lat. [quartus], fourth.
caisbheart
,
cais'eart
,
foot gear (shoes or boots), Ir. [coisbheart]; from [cas]+[bheart],
q.v.
caisd
, listen, Ir. [coisteacht], listening,
E.Ir. [coistim], O.Ir. [coitsea], auscultet: [co-étsim], [co] and
[éisd], listen, q.v. O'R. gives the modern Ir. [cóisdeacht] with
o
long, which would seem the most natural result from
[co-éisd].
càise
, chese, Ir., E.Ir. [cáise], W. [caws],
Br. [kaouz]; from Lat. [cāseus], whence Eng. [cheese].
caiseal
, bulwark, castle, Ir. [caiseal],
E.Ir. [caisel], [caissle]; from Lat. [castellum].
caisean
, anything curled, etc.; from [cas],
curled, q.v.
caisg
, check, stop, Ir. [coisgim], O.Ir.
[cosc], castigare, W. [cosp], [*kon-sqo-], [*seqô], I say; Lat.
[inseque]; Gr.
&ecom;/nnepe
, say,
&ecom;/ni-spe
, dixit; Eng. [say], Ger. [sagen].
Càisg
, Easter, Ir. [Cáisg], O.Ir. [cásc], W.
[pasc]; from Lat. [pascha], Eng. [paschal].
caisil-chrò
, a bier, bed of blood, M.Ir.
[cosair chró], bed of blood - to denote a violent death, E.Ir.
[cosair], bed. the expression appears in the Ossianic Ballads, and
folk-etymology is responsible for making G. [casair] into [caisil],
bulwark. The word [cosair] has been explained as [co-ster-], root
[ster], strew, Lat. [sternere], Eng. [strew].
caisleach
, a ford, footpath; from [cas-lach],
rather than [cas-slighe], foot-way.
caislich
, stir up,
caisleachadh
, shaking up, etc.; from [cas], sudden.
caismeachd
, an alarm (of battle), signal,
march tune. The corresponding Ir. is [caismirt], alarm, battle, M.Ir.
[caismert], E.Ir. [cosmert].
caisrig
, consecrate; see [coisrig].
caisteal
, a castle, M.Ir. [castél], E.Ir.
[castíall]; from Lat. [castellum], whence Eng. [castle].
càiteach
, a rush mat for measuring corn, Ir.
[cáiteach], winnowing sheet; from [càite], winnowed, from [càth].
caiteag
, a small bit (H.S.D.), a basket for
trouts (M`A. for Islands), basket (Sh.), a place to hold barley in
(M`L.). For the first sense, cf. W. [cat], a piece, Sc. [cat], a rag.
In Irish Lat. the trout was called [catus] (Giraldus).
caiteas
, scraped linen, applied for the
stoppage of wounds (M`F.); from Sc. [caddis], lint for wounds, M.Eng.
[cadas], [caddis], cotton wool, floss silk for padding, from O.Fr.
[cadas]. See G. [catas]. [caiteas] = sawdust, scrapings (M`D.).
caitein
, nap of cloth, shag, Ir. [caitín],
catkin of the osier, little cat. The Eng. words [caddis], [catkin],
and [cotton] seem to be mixed up as the basis of the G. and Ir. words.
Cf. W. [ceden], shaggy hair.
caith
, spend, cast, Ir., O.Ir. [caithim],
[*katjô], I consume, castaway; Skr. [çâtayati], sever, cast down,
destroy, [çât-ana], causing to fall, wearing out, root [çt]. Allied
to the root of [cath], war.
caithear
, just, right, Ir. [caithear] (Lh.),
[caithfidh], it behoves, M.Ir. [caithfid]; from [caith], doubtless
(Atk.).
caithream
, shout of joy, triumph, Ir.
[caithréim]; from [cath], battle, and [réim], a shout, E.Ir. [rém].
This last word Strachan refers to the root [req] ([*rec-m] or
[*rec-s-m]), Ch.Sl. [reka@?], speak, Lith. [re@?kiù].
caithris
, night-watching:
càl
, kail, cabbage, Ir. [cál], W. [cawl],
Cor. [caul], Br. [kaol]; from Lat. [caulis], a stalk, whence likewise
Eng. [cole] ([cole]wort) and Sc. [kail].
cala
,
caladh
, a harbour,
Ir. [caladh], M.Ir. [calad]. It is usual to correlate this with It.
[cala], Fr. [cale], bay, cove (Diez, Thurneysen, Windisch), and Stokes
even says the G. and Ir. words are borrowed from a Romance [*calatum],
It. [calata], [cala], Fr. [cale], cove. More probably the Celtic
root is [qel], [qal], hide, as in Eng. [hollow], M.Eng. [holh],
hollow, cave, also Eng. [hole], possibly. the root of [cladh], has
also been suggested.
caladair
, calendar, Ir. [calaindéir]; from
M.Eng. [kalendar], through Fr. from Lat. [calendarium], an
account-book, from [calendæ], the Calends or first of the month.
calaman
, a dove; the common form of the
literary [columan], q.v.
calanas
, spinning of wool; seemingly founded
on Lat. [colus], distaff. See [cuigeal]. ++
calbh
,
head, pate, bald, so Ir., E.Ir. [calb]; from Lat. [calva], scalp,
[calvus], bald. H.S.D. gives as a meaning "promontory", and instances
"Aoineadh a' Chailbh Mhuilich", which surely must be the Calf of Mull;
and Calf is a common name for
such subsidiary isles -
from Norse [kálfr], Eng. [calf]. Cognate with Lat. [calva],
[calvaria] (St. Lec.).
calbh
, a shoot, osier, twig, Ir. [colbha],
plant stalk, sceptre, hazel tree, E.Ir. [colba], wand; see [colbh].
calbh
, gushing of water or blood (H.S.D.)
from above?>>
calbhair
, greedy of food (Suth.); from
[càil]?
calc
, drive, ram, caulk, Ir. [calcaim]; from
Lat. [calco], [calx], the heel, Eng. [in-culcate].
caldach
, sharp, pointed (Sh., M`L.):
calg
, awn, beard of corn, bristles, Ir.
[calg], [colg], E.Ir. [colg], a sword, O.W. [colginn], aristam, W.
[cola], beard of corn, sting, [caly], penis, Br. [calc'h] (do.),
[kalgo-], [*kolgo-]; Gr.
kolobós
,
stunted; Got. [halks], poor; further is Lat. [cellere], hit, [culter],
knife; etc. The main root is [qel], [qlâ], hit, break; see
[claidheamh], [cladh]. The Caledonian hero [Calgocos] derives his
name hence. Hence
calg-dhìreach
, direct,
"sword-straight" to a place.
call
, loss, Ir. [caill], E.Ir. [coll], W.
[coll], Cor. [colled], jactura, M.Br. [coll], [*koldo-]; Eng. [halt],
Got. [halts], O.H.G. [halz], lame; root [qel], as above in [calg],
q.v.
calla
,
callda
, tame,
callaidh
(M`A., also Sh., who gives the meaning
"active" to the last form); cf. W. [call], wise; from Lat. [callidus]?
callag
,
calltag
, the black
guillemot, diver; compare Eng. [quail], Fr. [caille].
callaid
, a partition, fence; the same as
[tallaid], q.v.?
caillaid
, a wig, cap (M`F.); from Eng.
[calott], skull-cap.
callan
, a noise, Ir. [callán], [callóich];
from Eng. [call]?
calltuinn
, hazel, Ir. E.Ir. [coll], W.
[collen], Cor. [coll-widen]. M.Br. [quel-vezenn], [*koslo-]; Lat.
[corylus]; Norse [hasl], Eng. [hazel]. [*coll]+[tann].
Calluinn
, New Year's Day, Ir. [calláin],
Calends, or first day of the month, E.Ir. [callaind], the Calends,
particularly the first Jan., W. [calan], Calends; from Lat. [calendæ]
(Eng. [Calends]).
calm
, a pillar (M`A.), Ir. [columhan],
[colbh]; from Lat. [columna], etc.
calm
,
calma
, brave, Ir.,
E.Ir. [calma]. Cf. W. [celf], skill, art, [celfydd], skilled, O.Br.
[celmed], efficax. The root [cal] is to be compared with that in Ger.
[held], hero, [*haleth] or [*calet]. The I.E. root is [qel], as in
Lat. [celsus], high, [columna], column, Eng. [excel].
calman
, dove; see [calaman].
calmarra
, the pike (Wh.)?
calpa
, the calf of the leg, so Ir., E.Ir.
[calpda], bonus pes (Corm.), [colpa], tibia; from the Norse [kálfi],
whence also Eng. [calf].
calpa
, principal set to interest, Sc.
[calpa], dath-duty payable to the landlord, from N. [kaup],
stipulation, pay.
calum
, hardness on the skin (H.S.D.;
cathlum
in M`D.); from Lat. [callum], [callus]. It is
not the obsolete
caladh
, hard, E.Ir. [calad], W.
[caled], O.Br. [calat], [*kaleto-], root [kal], hard; Got [hallus],
stone, Norse [helle], [hallr]; Skr. [çilâ], stone.
cam
, crooked, one-eyed, Ir. [cam], O.Ir.
[camm], W. [cam], Br. [kam], Gaul. [cambo-], root [kemb], wind; Gr.
[kómbos], a band, bond; Lit. [kinge@?], door-bar. It has been
refered to the root of Gr.
skambós
,
crooked (se [ceum]), and to Lat. [camera], whence Eng. [chamber].
Hence
camag
, club,
camas
, bay.
camag-gharuidh
, hoow above the eye, Ir.
[camóg-ara], "the bend of the [ara]", O.Ir. [aire], G. [arach],
tempus; Gr.
pareiá
, cheek.
camart
, wry-neck:
camastrang
, quarrelsome disputation (M`D.):
camhach
, talkative; [*com-ag-ach], root [ag]
in [adhan]?
camhal
, a camel, Ir. [camhall], E.Ir.
[camail], W. [camyll]; from Lat. [camelus].
camhan
, a hollow plain, Ir. [cabhán] (County
[Cavan]); from the Lat. [cavus].
camhanaich
, break of day, twilight, Ir.
[camhaoir]; (M`A. [sgamhanaich], "lights"):
camlag
, a curl:
camp
,
campa
, a camp, Ir.,
M.Ir. [campa]; from the Eng. [camp].
campar
, vexation, grief; from Sc. [cummar],
Eng. [cumber].
can
, say, sing, Ir. [canaim], O.Ir. [canim],
W. [cana], sing. Br. [kana]; Lat. [cano], sing; Gr.
kanázw
; Eng. [hen].
cana
, porpoise, young whale, Ir. [cana]
(O'R.), [cána] (O'B.), whelp, pup, M.Ir. [cana] (do.); from Lat.
[canis]?
canach
, mountain down, cotton Ir. [canach],
O.Ir. [canach], lanugo; Gr.
kn&cibre;kos
,
thistle,
knekós
, yellow; Skr.
[kāncanas], golden, a plant; [*qonak-]. Stokes refers it to
[*casnaka], Lat. [cânus], white ([*casno-]), Ag.S. [hasu], grey, Eng.
[hare].
cànain
, language, Ir. [cánamhuin]. Seemingly
a long-vowel form of the root [qan], cry. See [cainnt].
canal
, cinnamon; see [caineal].
canan
, a cannon; from the Eng.
canastair
, a canister; from the Eng.
cangaruich
, fret; from Sc. [canker], fret,
Eng. [canker].
cangluinn
, trouble, vexation; from Sc.
[cangle].
canna
, a can, so Ir., E.Ir. [cann]; from Eng.
[can].
cannach
, pretty, kind; [*cas-no-], root,
[qas], Lat. [cānus], white ([casnus]), Ag.S. [hasu], grey, Eng.
[haze]? Or it may be allied to Lat. [candidus], white, Skr. [cand],
shine.
canntaireachd
, articulate music, chanting,
Ir. [cantaireachd], singing, [cántaire], a singer; from Lat. [cantor],
[cano], I sing.
cànran
, wrangling, grumbling, muttering, Ir.
[cannrán]; from [can], say, sing.
cantal
, grief, weeping (Sh., M`L.), Ir.
[cantlamh]:
caob
, a clod, a bite, Ir. [caob], clod, M.Ir.
[coep], E.Ir. [caip], [cáep], clot, lump, O.Ir. [caebb oo], jecur.
caoch
, empty (as a nut), blind, so Ir., O.Ir.
[caech], W. [coeg], foolish, Cor. [cuic], [*kaiko-s]; Lat. [caecus];
Got. [haihs], one-eyed.
caoch
,
caothach
, rage; see
[cuthach].
caochan
, a streamlet; from [caoth], blind?
caochail
, change, die,
caochladh
, a change, Ir. [caochluighim], O.Ir.
[caoimchláim cóem-chlóim]: [imchloud], [imchlóad], inversio; for
[co-imm-clóim]; from [clóim], muto: see [claoidh]. The aspiration of
the [mn] of [imb] is unusual, but the history of the word is also
unusual, for it actually appears as [claemchlód] in E.Ir. oftener
than once, and Ir. [claochlódh], [claochladh].
caod Chaluim-chille
, St John's wort (Sh.):
caog
, wink; apparently from Eng. [cock] (the
eye). Cf. Norse [kaga], keek; Sc. [keek]; Shet. [caog], peep slily.
caogad
, fifty, so Ir., O.Ir. [cóica(t)],
[*qenqekont]; Lat. [quinquaginta]; Gr.
pentc/konta
. See [cóig].
caoidh
, lamentation, Ir. [caoi], [caoidh],
E.Ir. [cói], [cái], inf. to [cíim], ploro, [*keiô], root [qei], which
appears in [caoin], q.v., and in Eng. [whine], [whisper], etc.
Bezzenberger suggests [*keipô], and compares Lit. szëptis, grimace,
Ch.Sl. [o-sipna@?ti], raucescere. A former derivation of Stokes' is
repeated by Rhys ([Manx.Pray.]
2
, 26):
[*qesi], root [qes] as in Lat. [questus].
caoillean
, a twig or osier for wicker, M.Ir.
[cóelach]; from [caol], slender.
caoimheach
, a bedfellow (Sh.), Ir.
[caoimhthech], E.Ir. [com-aithech], neighbour; see [aitheach]. Also
caomhach
, friend, bedfellow. The latter seems
from, or influenced by, [caomh].
caoimhneas
, kindness. This word is supposed
by folk etymology to be from [caomh], kind, whereas it is really
allied to O.Ir. [coibnes], affionitas, [*co-ven-estu-], root [ven] of
[fine], q.v.
caoin
, kind, mild, so Ir., O.Ir. [càin],
kind, beautiful [[W. [cain]?]]: [*koini-], root [koi], [kei] of
[caomh], q.v. Stokes gives base as [kaini-], and Bezzenberger
compares Gr.
kaínusqai
, excel, Ch.Sl.
[sina@?ti], gleam forth. If the base idea were "beauty", Eng.
[shine] might be compared.
caoin
, the exterior surface of cloth, right
side, rind, sward; from [caoin], gentle, polished?
caoin
, weep, so Ir., O.Ir. [cóinim],
[cáinim], O.W. [cuinhaunt], deflebunt, Br. [couen], [queiniff],
[*koiniô]; [qein], [qîn]; Eng. [whine], Norse [hvína], whirr; Gr.
kinurós
, wailing. See [caoidh].
caoinich
, dry, make dry (as hay by the sun),
caoin
, seasoned; from the adj. [caoin]?
caoir
, a blaze, stream of sparks, a coal, Ir.
[caor], E.Ir [cáer], [*kairo], Eng. [hoar] ([*kairo-]), Teut. root
[hai] in Norse [heið], atmospheric clearness, O.H.G. [hei], heat, Eng.
[heat]; Skr. [kêtus], light. More near are Gr.
kíris
(lamp, Hes.), Skr. [kirá&ndot;a], a ray,
clear, has been also suggested.
caoran
, a peat
ember.
caoirean
, a plaintive song; also
caoi-ràn
, moaning (H.S.D.). The root word is [caoidh];
possibly [rán], roar, forms the latter part.
caoirnean
, a drop of sheep or goats' dung, a
drop or globule; cf. Ir. [caoirín], a little berry, little sheep,
from [caor], berry, [caora], sheep. The two ideas seem confused in
Gaelic. In Argyle, [gaoirnean]; (Arg. [ao] here is northern [ao]).
From [skar], [sharn]?
caol
, slender, so Ir., O.Ir. [cóil], W., Cor.
[cul], O.Br. [culed], macies, [*koilo-]; Lett. [káils], naked; Lat.
[caelebs], single? Gr.
k&oibre;ilos
,
hollow? Hence
caol
;
caolas
, a
firth or Kyle.
caolan
, gut, intesting, Ir. [caolán], E.Ir.
[coelán], O.W. [coilion], exta; from [caol].
caomh
, tender, kind, so Ir., E.Ir. [coem],
O.Ir. [cóim], W. [cu], O.W. [cum], Br. [cuff], [cun], debonnaire,
[*koimo-], root [kei], lie; Gr.
koimáw
,
put to rest,
k&eibre;imai
, lie; Got.
[háims], a village, Ag.S. [hám]. Eng. [home]. The idea is
"restful".
caomhach
, bedfellow, friend, Ir. [caomthach],
friend; see [caoimheach], and cf. Ir. [caomhaighim], I protect,
cherish, from [caomh].
caomhain
, spare, save,
caomhnadh
, sparing, Ir. [caoimhnaim], preserve, keep,
protect, [caomhaighim], [caomhnuighim], preserve. The last form seems
the most original, if we refer the root to O.Ir. [anich], protegit,
[aingim], I protect ([a-nak]), root [nak] and [nank], as in [adhlac],
[thig], etc. The form [nak] is more particularly allied to Skr.
[náçati], reach, Lit. [neszù], draw. The G. verb may have been
[*com-anich-]. It is possible to derive it from [caomh] with
[caomhuin] as an inf. form which usurped the place of the present
stem.
connag
, strife, tumult, Ir. [caonnóg],
strife, a next of wild bees: [*cais-no-], root [kais], [kai], heat,
Eng. [heat], G. [caoir]?
caor
, berry of the rowan, a mountain berry,
Ir. [caor], O.Ir. [cáer], bacca, W. [cair], berries, [ceirion], berry
[*kairâ]. It is seemingly the same word as [caoir], blaze, the idea
arising probably from the [red] rowan berries.
caora
, a sheep, Ir. [caora], g. [caorach],
O.Ir. [câer], [*cairax], from [*ka(p)erax], alliet to Lat. [caper], a
goat, Gr.
kápros
, a boar, Eng. [heifer].
Cf. W. [caeriwrch], roebuck.
caorrunn
, the rowan tree, Ir. [caorthann],
E.Ir. [caerthann], W. [cerddin], Br. [kerzin], [*cairo-tann], from
[caor], berry, and [*tann], tree, Br. [tann], oak, Cor. [glas-tannen].
The connection with O.H.G. [tanna], fir, oak, M.H.G. [tan], wood, Ger.
[tanne], fir, Eng. [tan], [tanner] (Gr.
qámnos
, bush?) is doubtful; it would necessitate
the idea of borrowing, or that the Celtic word was [dann]. Ogam
[Maqui Cairatini], McCaorthainn. Rhys says W. is borrowed from
Gadelic (C.F.L. 292).
càpa
, a capl from the Eng. [cap].
càpraid
, drunken riotousness (Dial.); from
Lat. [*crâpula].
capull
, a horse, mare (more commonly), so
Ir., E.Ir. [capall], Br. [caval]; from Lat. [capallus], whence Eng.
[cavalry], etc., [caple] (M.Eng. [capil], from Celt.) Norse
[kapall], nag, seems borrowed from Gaelic. The W. is [ceffyl], with
remarkable vocalisation. [capal-coille]?
car
, turn, twist, Ir. [cor], M.Ir. [cor]
(=[cuairt], (O'Cl.)), O.Ir. [curu], gyros, W. [cor-wynt, turbo, M.Br.
[coruent], [*kuro-]; Lat. [curvus]; Gr.
kurtós
, curved. See [cruinn].
càr
, friendly, related to, Ir. [cára(d)], a
friend. See [caraid] for the usual root.
càradh
, condition, usage; from [càirich],
mend.
caraich
, move, stir, Ir. [corruighim], from
[corrach], unsteady. The G. confuses this with [car], turn.
caraid
, a friend, so Ir., O.Ir. [cara], g.
[carat], [*karant-]; O.Ir. verb [carim], [caraim], I love, W. [caraf],
amo, Br. [quaret], amare, Gaul. [carantus], [Caractacus], etc.; Lat
[cârus], dear, Eng. [charity], etc.; Got. [hôrs], meretrix.
càraid
, a pair, couple, Ir. [córaid], E.Ir.
[córait]:
carainnean
, refuse of threshed barley, Ir.
[carra], bran; see [carthuinnich].
caraist
, catechism; from Sc. [carritch], a
corruption of [catechise].
caramasg
, contest, confusion (Arm. M`F.):
from [car] and [measg]?
caramh
, beside; see [caruibh].
càramh
,
càradh
, condition,
treatment:
carathaist
, compulsory labour,
cairiste
,
cairbhist
, which last see.
carbad
, a chariot, so Ir., O.Ir. [carpat], W.
[cerbyd], O.Br. [cerpit], Gaul. [carpentoracte], [Carbantia],
[*karbanto-]; Lat. [corbis], a basket; Norse [hrip], pannier for peats
on horse-back. Lat. [carpentum] (Eng. [carpenter], etc.), seems
borrowed from Gaulish. The root idea is "wicker", referring to the
basket character of the body of these chariots.
carbad
, jaw, jaw-bone, so Ir., W. [car yr ên]
(car of the mouth), Br. [karvan]. The idea is "mouth chariot", from
the resemblance between the lower jaw and the old wicker chariots.
Loth cfs. W. [carfan], beam, rail, row.
carbh
, engrave, carve; from the English.
carbh
, a particular kind of ship or boat
(Islay); from Norse [karfi], a galley for the fiords.
carbhaidh
, carraway-seed; from the English.
carbhanach
, a carp, Ir. [carbhán], Manx,
[caroo]; from Norse [karfi], Eng. [carp].
carcair
, a prison, sewer in a cow-house, Ir.
[carcar], prison, E.Ir. [carcair] (do.); from Lat. [carcer], prison,
barrier. [cacair] in Glenmoriston.
carcais
a carcase; from the English.
ca'rd
, card wool, Ir. [cardaighim]; from the
Eng. [card].
cargo
, a cargo, load; from the English.
Carghus
, Lent, torment, Ir. [Corghas], M.Ir.
[corgus], W. [garawys]; from Lat. [quadragessima].
càrlàg
, a lock of wool (Sh., H.S.D.),
carla
, a wool-card (Sh. Coneys for Ir.); [*card-la-],
from [card] of Eng. For phonetics, cf. [òirleach].
càrlas
, excellence, Ir. [carlamh], excellent,
[*co-er-lam-], [erlam], clever, [*air-lam]? For [lam], see [ullamh].
càrn
, heap of stones, cairn, Ir. [carn],
E.Ir., W. [carn], Br. [karn], [*kar-no-], root [kar], be hard; Gr.
kranaós
, rock (
kra-
,
kar
); further
Eng. [hard], [harsh]. See [carraig].
càrn
, a horning. The G. seems a confusion
between [còrn], horn, Eng. [horn], put to the [horn], and [càrn].
M`F. gives
àir chàrn
for "outlawed",
càrn-eaglais
, excommunication.
càrn
, a sledge, cart, peat cart, Ir. [carr],
dray, waggon, E.Ir. [carr], biga, W. [carr], biga, O.Br. [carr],
vehiculum (gl.), Gaul. [chariot], [career], [carry], [cargo],
charge]); from Celt. [karso-]; Lat. [currus] ([quors-]), from
[q&rdot;s]; Eng. [horse], [hurry].
carnaid
, red; from Eng. [carnation].
càrnag
, (1) a she-terrier, (2) a small fish
found in stony shores at ebb-tide. The first meaning from [cárn],
cairn. Terriers were used for cairn hunting.
carr
, the flesh of the seal and whale (Heb.;
Carmichael); founded on obsolete [carn], flesh?
càrr
, the itch, mange, superficial roughness,
Ir. [carr];
carrach
, scabby, M.Ir. [carrach],
[*karsâko-], from [kars], be rough, hard; ([*kors-ta-); further root
[kar], to be hard, rough. For
càrr
, rocky shelf,
Ir. [carr], rock, see [carraig].
carrachan
, a frog-fish, called "cobler", Ir.
[carrachán], the rock fish called cobler (Coneys). From [carr], a
rock. Also the word means "the wild liquorice root" - [carra-meille],
q.v.
carragh
, a pillar stone, Ir. [carrthadh],
[cartha], E.Ir. [corthe]. The root, despite the vocalic difficulty
caused by the E.Ir. form, is likely the same as in [carraig]; yet cf.
[kor] of [cuir], set.
carraid
, conflict; from the root [kars] in
[càrr], "rough-work"?
carraig
, rock, so Ir., O.Ir. [carric], W.
[careg], O.W. [carrecc], Br. [karrek], [*karsekki-] (so Rhys, R.C.
17
102, who thinks W. borrowed), from root
[kars], hard, rough; Norwegian, [herren], hard, stiff, [harren], hard,
Eng. [harsh], [hard] (root [kar]). See [càrr].
carra-meille
, wild liquorice, wood pease, Ir.
[carra-mhilis]. The name is explained as "knots of honey", the
[carra] being the same as [càrr], and [meille] the gen. of [mil].
Hence Sc. [carmele], etc.
carran
, spurrey, spergula arvensis, Ir.
[carrán], scurvy grass. From the root [kars] of [càrr].
carran
also means a "shrimp", and is of the same
origin.
carran-creige
, the conger; see [carran]
above.
carrasan
, hoarseness, wheezing, Ir. [carsán];
from the root [kars], be rough. See [càrr]. Cf.
kórnza
, catarrh, [rotz].
càrt
, a quart, Ir. [cárt]; from the Eng.
[quart], Lat. [quartus].
cartan
, a small brown insect that eats into
the flesh, Ir. [cartán], a small brown insect that eats into the
flesh, a crab. A Gadelicised form of [partan], q.v.
carthannach
, affectionate, charitable, Ir.
[carthannach]; from Lat. [caritas].
carthuinnich
, dwell apart as in a cave,
separate (M`F.). Cf.
caruinnean
, refuse of
threshed corn,
caruinnich
, winnow. Possibly from
the root [kar], separate, a form of the root of [sgar], q.v.
caruibh
,
an caruibh
,
beside, near. This is the dat.pl. of [car].
cas
, foot, leg, Ir. [cos], O.Ir. [coss], W.
[coes], [*koksâ]; Lat. [coxa], hip; M.H.G. [hahse], bend of the knee;
Skr. [kákshas], armpit.
cas
, steep, sudden, Ir. [casach], an ascent,
M.Ir. [cass], rapid, [*kasto-]; Eng. [haste].
cas
, curled, Ir., M.Ir. [cas], curly,
[casaim], flecto; [&qasto-], root [qas]; Norse [haddr]
([has-da-]), hair, Eng. [hair]; Lit. [kasa], hair-plait, Ch.Sl.
[kosa], hair (Kluge). Stokes compares it with Lat. [quasillum], a
basket, root [quas].
cas
, gnash the teeth, Ir. [cais], hate, W.
[câs], hate, Br. [cas], [*cad-s-to-]; Eng. [hate], Ger. [hass], Got.
[hatis]. Of the same ultimate origin as [cas], sudden (Strachan).
cas
, fire (as a stone) (Suth.), seemingly
founded on Eng. [cast]. Cf. [casadh ar a chéile] = met (Ir.).
càs
, a difficulty, Ir. [cás]; from Lat.
[casus] (Eng. [case]).
casach
, fishing tackle (part attached to
hook): from [cas].
casad
,
casad
, a cough, Ir.
[casachdach], W. [pâs], [peswch], Br. [pas], [*qasto-]; Eng. [host],
Ag.S. [hvósta], Ger. [husten]; Lit. [kósiu]; Skr. [kâsate], coughs.
casag
, cassock, Ir. [casóg]; from the Eng.
The E.Ir. word is [casal], from Lat. [casula].
casaid
, a complaint, accusation, Ir.
[casoid], O.Ir. [cossóit]. The word is a compound, beginning with
[con], and seemingly of the same origin as [faosaid], q.v. Stokes
thinks that the word is borrowed from the Lat. [causatio]; this is not
likely, however. Root [sen], W. [cynhenn], quarrel.
casair
, sea drift, Ir. [casair], a shower,
E.Ir. [casair], hail, W. [cesair] (do.), Br. [kazerc'h] (do.),
[*kassri-], [*kad-tri-]; from root [cad] as in Lat. [cado], fall. The
Ir. and G. (?) [casáir], phosphorescence, seems to be the same word.
casan
, a path, Ir. [casán]; from [cas], foot.
casan
, a rafter, roof-tree; from [cas]?
casgair
, slay, butcher, so Ir., O.Ir.
[coscar], victory, destruction; [*co-scar]; see [sgar].
casnaid
, chips of wood (Arm.), Ir.
[casnaidh]; [*co-]+[snaidh], q.v.
caspanach
, parallel (Sh.), Ir. [cospanach]
(O'R.); [*co-spann]; see [spann].
castan
, a chestnut; from Lat. [castanea],
through M.Eng. [castane], [chestnut].
castaran
, a measure for butter (quarter
stone); from the Eng. [castor].
castreaghainn
, the straw on a kiln below the
grain (Arm., not H.S.D.):
cat
, a cat, so Ir., E.Ir. [catt], W. [cath],
Cor. [kat], Br. [kaz], Gaul. [Cattos]; Lat. [catta], perhaps also
[catulus]; Eng. [cat], Ger. [katze], etc. It is a word of doubtful
origin; possibly, however, Celtic, and applied first to the wild cat,
then to the tame Egyptian cat introduced in the early centuries of the
Christian era.
cata
,
càta
, sheep-cot,
pen; from Eng. [cot].
catadh
,
catachadh
, taming,
càtadh
(M`F.); cf. [tataich].
catag
, potatoe cellar (Dialectic); see
[cata].
catas
, refuse at carding of wool, Ir.
[cadás], cotton, scraping of linen rags; from Eng. [caddis]. See
further under [caiteas].
cath
, battle, Ir., O.Ir. [cath], W. [cad],
O.W. [cat], Cor. [cas], Gaul. [catu-]; O.H.G. [hadu-], fight, Ag.S.
[heaðo-], Ger. [hader], contention; Skr. [çatru], enemy; Gr.
kótos
, wrath.
càth
, chaff, husks of corn, Ir., O.Ir.
[cáith], W. [codem], a bag, husk, pod (?), [*kûti-], root [kât],
[kat], as in [caith], spend, cast.
cathachadh
, provoking, accusing, fighting,
Ir. [cathaighim]; from [cath], fight.
cathadh
, snow-drift, Ir. [cáthadh],
snow-drift, sea-drift; cf. M.Ir. [cúa], gen. [cúadh], W. [cawod],
O.Cor. [cowes], nimbus, Br. [kaouad], [*kavat] (Stokes); allied to
Eng. [shower]. It is possible to refer the G. word to the root of
[caith], [càth].
cathair
, a city, Ir., E.Ir. [cathair], O.Ir.
[cathir] (*kastrex], W. [caer], Br. [kaer], [*kastro-]; Lat.
[castrum], fort (Stokes). The root seems to be [cat], [cats]; the
phonetics are the same as in [piuthar], for the final part of the
word.
cathair
, a chair, Ir. [cathaoir], E.Ir.
[catháir], W. [cadair], Br. [kador]; from Lat. [cathedra], whence
also, through Gr., Eng. [chair].
cathan
, a wild goose with black bill (Heb.);
see [cadhan].
cathan-aodaich
, a web (M`D.):
càthar
, mossy ground; see [càir].
cathlunn
, a corn (Sh.; not in H.S.D.); formed
on Lat. [callum]. See [calum].
catluibh
, cudwort; see [cadhluibh].
cè
,
cèath
, cream, M.Ir.
[ceó], milk; cf. Br. [koavenn], which suggests a form [keivo-] (cf.
[glé] from [gleivo-]), root [kei], [skei], shade, cover, as in Gr.
skiá
, shadow, Ger. [schemen (do.)? The
Br. [koavenn] has been refered to [*co+hufen], W. [hufen], cream. Cf.
[ceò], mist, "covering".
cé
, the earth, used only in the phrase
an cruinne cé
, the (round) earth, Ir., E.Ir. [cé], [for
bith ché], on this earth. The [cé] is supposed to be for "this", from
the pronomial [kei], Gr.
ke&iibre;nos
, he,
Lat. [ce], [cis], Eng. [he]. The root [kei], go, move (Lat. [cio],
Gr.
kíw
), has also been suggested.
cè
, give?
cè
, spouse (Carm.), Ir. [cé]:
ceaba
,
ceibe
, the iron
part of a spade or other delving instrument; see [caibe].
cèabhar
, a fine breeze (Heb.):
ceabhar
(Carm.), sky, (Prov.) [ci'ar]:
ceach
, an interjection of dislike; see the
next word.
ceacharra
, dirty, mean, obstreperous (Carm.),
Ir. [ceachair], dirt, M.Ir. [cecharda], [*kekari-]; from [kek], the
e
form of the root [kak] seen in [cac], q.v.
ceachladh
, digging, Ir. [ceachlaim], O.Ir.
[ro-cechladatar], suffoderunt, [*ce-clad-], a reduplicated or perfect
form of the root [clad] of G. [cladh], q.v.
cead
, permission, so Ir., O.Ir. [cet],
[*ces-do-]; Lat. [cēdo], I yield (for [ces-dô]).
ceadan
, bunch of wool, Ir. [ceadach], cloth,
coarse cloth, W. [cadach], clout. Rhys regards W. as borrowed from
Ir. For all, cf. [cadadh], [caiteas].
ceadha
, the part of the plough on which the
share is fixed. Also
ceidhe
. Both words are used
for Eng. [quay].
ceafan
, a frivolous person (Dialectic):
ceàird
, a trade, E.Ir. [cerd]; see [ceàrd].
ceal
, stupor, forgetfulness, Ir. [ceal],
forgetfulness; from the root [qel] of [ceil], conceal. Cf. E.Ir.
[cel], death. [ceal], end (Carm.). ++
ceal
, same,
similar hue (Carm.):
cealaich
, the fire-place of a kiln:
cealaich
, eat (Kirk), Ir. [cealaim]; root
[qel] as in Lat. [colo]?
cealair
, a virago (Badenoch):
cealg
, guile, treachery, so Ir., E.Ir.
[celg], [*kelgâ]; Arm. [ke??ch??], hypocrisy. The further root is
[qel] of [ceil].
ceall
, g.
cille
, a church,
so Ir., E.Ir. [cell]; from Lat. [cella], a cell, a hermit's cell
especially, whence the Gadelic use. Hence
cealloir
, superior of a cell, and the name Mackellar.
"A retired spot" (Hend.).
cealtar
, broad-cloth, Ir. [cealtair],
clothes, E.Ir. [celtar], [celt], raiment; from [qel], cover, as in
[ceil], q.v.
ceana
, whither, for [c'iona], [c'ionadh]?
Cf. Ir. [cá h-ionad]. See [ionadh].
ceanalta
, mild, kind, so Ir.; from [*cen], as
in [cion], ++[cean], love, desire. See [cion].
ceangal
, a tie, binding, so Ir., E.Ir.
[cengal], W. [cengl]; from Lat. [cingulum], vb. [cingo], I bind, Eng.
[cincture].
ceann
, head, so Ir., O.Ir. [cend], [cenn],
W., Br. [penn], Gaul, [Penno-], [*qenno]. Perhaps for [qen-no-], root
[qen] (labialised), begin, Ch.Sl. [koni], beginning, as in [ceud],
first. The difficulty is that the other labialising languages and the
Britonic branch otherwise show no trace of labialisation for [qen].
Windisch, followed by Brugmann, suggested a stem [kvindo-], I.E. root
[kvi], Skr. [çvi], swell, Gr.
Píndos
,
Pindus Mount; but the root vowel is not
i
, even
granting the possible labialisation of [kvi], which does not really
take place in Greek. Hence
ceannag
, a bottle of
hay,
ceannaich
, buy (="heading" or reckoning by the
head; cf. Dial.
ceann
, sum up),
ceannaich
, head-wind (Hend.),
ceannas
, vaunting (Hend.).
ceannach
, a purchasing, so Ir., E.Ir.
[cennaigim], I buy, O.Ir. [cennige], lixa, [caingen], negotium.
ceannairc
, rebellion, turbulence, so Ir.;
[*ceann+arc]; for root [arc], see [adharc]. For meaning cf. Eng.
[head]strong, W. [pen]ffest (do.).
ceannard
, commander, chief, Ir. [ceannárd],
arrogant, commanding, "high-headed", from [ceann] and [àrd]; M.
[kinnoort], Ir. [ceannphort], commander, authority, head post or city:
[ceann]+[port].
ceannrach
,
ceannraig
,
(Cam.), a brindle or horse's head-gear, Ir. [ceannrach]; from
[ceann]+[rach]. For [rach] (root [rig]), see [cuibhreach], [àrachas].
ceannsaich
, subdue, tame, Ir. [ceannsaighim];
from [ceannas], superiority, "head-ness", from [ceann] and the abst.
termination [as]. Similarly [ceannsal], rule.
ceap
, a block, shoemaker's last, so Ir.,
E.Ir. [cepp], W. [cyff], Br. [kef]; from Lat. [cippus].
ceap
, catch, stop. This word seems borrowed
from the Sc. [kep], of like meaning, a bye-form of Eng. [keep]. The
Ir. [ceap], bound, bind, stop (?), seems from [ceap] above. ++
ceapach
, a tillage plot, Ir. [ceapach]. This Stokes
refers to a Celtic [keppo-], garden, root [kep], [kā], Lat.
[campus], Gr.
k&eibre;pos
, garden, Ger.
[hube], piece of land. Satisfactory though the meaning be, the
derivation is doubtful as involving the preservation of
p
, even though flanked by a second
p
(or [-nó], i.e. [kep-nó-], which is still more
doubtful). Hence the common place name
Keppock
.
ceapag
, a verse, an impromptu verse,
carelessly sung verse, E.Ir. [cepóc], a chorus song: a rare word in
Ir., and said to be Sc. Gaelic for Ir. [aidbsi], great chorus. From
[ceap], catch? cf. Eng. [catch], a chorus verse. Zimmer suggests
that it stands [Ce Póc], "kiss here", (?) sung by the girls as a
refrain at gatherings!
ceapaire
, bread covered with butter, etc. Ir.
[ceapaire]; from [ceap], a block. Cf.
ceapag
, a
wheel-barrow wheel.
cearb
, piece, article of clothing, so Ir.,
E.Ir. [cerp], cutting, [cerbaim]; [*k&rdot;bh], [sk&rdot;bh]; Gr.
kárfos
, twig, Eng. [shrub]; [*(s)ker], cut,
divide. Cf. W. [carp], rag, cerpyn. Bezzenberger cfs. M.H.G.
[herb], asper. St. now [skerb], Eng. [sharp].
cearc
, a hen, so Ir., M.Ir. [cerc], [*cercâ];
from I.E. [qerqo], to sound, hence "a noise-making bird"; Gr.
kérkos
, a cock,
kréx
, a fowl; Lat. [querquedula], a teal, O.Prus.
[kerko], a diver; Skr. [k&rdot;ka-vâkus], a cock.
cearcall
, a hoop, so Ir.; from L.Lat.
[circulus], [circullus], a hoop, from [circulus], a circle.
ceàrd
, a craftsman, Ir. [céard], E.Ir.
[cerd], W. [cerdd], art; Lat. [cerdo], craftsman; Gr.
kérdos
, gain.
ceàrdach
, a smithy, Ir. [céardcha], O.Ir.
[cerddchae]; from [cerd]+[cae], the latter word [cae] meaning a house
in Ir., a Celtic [kaio-n], allied to Eng. [home].
ceard-dubhan
, scarabæbus, dung-beetle, hornet
(H.S.D. for form),
ceardaman
(M`A.); see
[cearnabhan]. [cearr-dubhan] (Carm.), "wrong-sided little black one".
cearmanta
, tidy (Arm.); [cearmanaich], make
tidy (Perth):
ceàrn
, a corner, quarter, Ir. [cearn],
[cearna], angle, corner, E.Ir. [cern]; evidently an
e
form of the stem found in [corn], horn, q.v.
cearnabhan
, a hornet, Ir. [cearnabhán]; from
[*cerno-]. Cf. Eng. [hornet] ([*k&rdot;s-en-]), Lat. [crabro].
ceàrr
, wrong, left (hand), E.Ir. [cerr],
[*kerso-]; Lat. [cerritus], crazed; Gr.
&ecom;gkársios
, slantwise; Lit. [skersas], crooked.
ceàrrach
, a gamester, Ir. [cearrbhach], a
gamester, dexterous gambler. Cf. G.
ceàrrbhag
,
cearrag
, the left-hand, the use of which was considered
in plays of chance as "sinister".
ceart
, right, so Ir., E.Ir. [cert]; Lat.
[certus], certain, sure, [cerno], discern; Gr.
krínw
, judge,
krités
, a judge, Eng. [critic].
ceasad
, a complaint (M`F.), Ir. [ceasacht],
grumbling, M.Ir. [cesnaighim], complain, [ces], sorrow, [*qes-to-];
Lat. [questus], [queror], I complain, [querela], Eng. [quarrel].
++
ceasg
, floss (Carm.), animal with long flossy
hair or wool, Ir. [ceaslach], long hair or wool on fleece legs. See
[Ceus].
ceasnaich
, examine, catechise, Ir.
[ceasnuighim]; from Lat. [quæstio], [quæstionis], Eng. [question].
Stokes (Bk.of Lis.) has suggested that the Lat. and Gadelic are
cognate; though possible ([qais], [qis] may become by umlaut [ces] in
G.), it is improbable from the stem form in
n
persisting in the G. verb.
ceathach
, mist; this is really the old stem
of [ceò], mist, E.Ir. [ciach], q.v. Ir. [ceathach], showery, is from
[cith], a shower.
ceathairne
, yeomanry, the portion of a
population fit for warfare; see [ceatharn].
ceatharn
, a troop, so Ir., E.Ir. [ceithern],
[*keternâ]; Lat. [caterua], troop, [catêna], a chain; O.Sl. [ceta],
company (Stokes). It has also been regarded as borrowed from Lat.
[quaternio], which in the Vulg. means a "body of four soldiers",
quaternion. Hence Eng. [cateran], [kern].
ceidhe
, quay, coulter-place, Ir. [ceigh],
quay. See [ceadha].
ceig
, a mass of shag, clot,
ceigein
, a tuft, a fat man. From Scandinavian [kagge],
round mass, [keg], corpulent man or animal, whence Eng. [keg]; Norse,
[kaggi], cask, Norwegian, [kagge], round mass.
ceig
, a kick; from the Eng.
ceil
, conceal, Ir., [ceilim], O.Ir. [celim],
W. [celu], I.E. [qel]; Lat. [cêle], Eng. con-[ceal]; Ag.S. [helan],
hide, Eng. [Hell]; Gr.
kalúptw
, hide;
Skr. [kála], darkness.
céile
, spouse, fellow, so Ir., O.Ir. [céle],
socius, W. [cilydd] ([y gilydd] = [a chéile] of G. = [eguille] of
Br.), [*keiljo-], "way-farer", from
[kei], go (Lat.
[cio], move, Gr.
kíw
, go, [kínéw], move,
[kinetics]. The idea is the same as in Ir. [sétig], wife, from [sét],
way. Strachan thinks that G. and W. demand a stem [ceglio-]; and Dr
Stokes thinks that, if [céle], servus, is different from [céle],
fellow, it must come from [kak-lio-] (better [keklio-]), and be allied
to Lat. [cacula], a servant. Hence
céilidh
, a
gossiping visit or meeting.
ceileach
, martial (H.S.D.), Ir. [ceallach],
war, M.Ir. [cellach], war; Teut. [hildi-], war, Lat. [per-cellere],
hit.
ceileir
, chirping of birds, Ir. [ceileabhar],
[ceileabhrach], musical, M.Ir. [ceilebradh eoin] singing of birds,
E.Ir. [celebrad], a celebrating or observance, a welcome of joy; from
Lat. [celebratio].
céillidh
, wise, sover, Ir. [céillidhe]; from
[ciall].
ceilp
, kelp; from Eng.
céin
, remote; really the oblique form of
[cian], q.v.
céir
, wax, Ir., M.Ir. [céir], W. [cwyr], O.W.
[kuyr], Cor. [coir], Br. [coar]; from Lat. [cêra], wax.
céir
,
céire
, the buttock;
see [péire].
ceireanaich
, fondle, make much of (Perth);
cf. [ceirein], plaster.
ceirein
, a plaster, a "clout", Ir., M.Ir.,
[céirín], a plaster; from [céir], wax. Eng. [cerate].
ceirtle
, a clew, ball of yarn, Ir. [ceirsle]
(so G. too), [ceirtlín], O.Ir. [certle], glomus, [*kertilliâ]; from
I.E. [qert], wind, bend; Skr. [kart], spin; Lat. [cartilago], Eng.
[cartilage]; Gr.
kártalos
, basket; Eng.
[hurdle].
céis
, a case, hamper; from Eng. [case]. Ir.
[ceis], basket, M.Ir. [ceiss], is a different word, possibly allied
to, if not borrowed from, Lat. [cista] (Stokes). From Ir. [ceis]
comes
ceis-chrann
, polypody, given in H.S.D. from
O'R. Cf. O.Ir. [cass], basket, Lat. [quasillus].
ceisd
, a question, so Ir., E.Ir. [ceist];
from Lat. [quæstio]. Hence
ceisdein
, a sweetheart,
founded on "ceisd mo chridhe" - darling (i.e., question, anxiety) of
my heart.
céiseach
, large, corpulent woman; see [ceòs].
Céitein
, May, O.Ir. [cétam] (g. [cétaman]),
[cetsoman] ([cetshaman]) in Cor.Gl., where it is explained as
[cét-sam-sín], the first weather-motion of [sam] or summer. The word
means the "first of summer" - [cét+sam-], the [sam] of [samhradh],
q.v. The termination is possibly influenced by other time words. See
[Samhainn].
ceithir
, four, Ir. [ceathair] (n.), [ceithre]
(adj.), O.Ir. [cethir], W. [pedwar], Cor. [peswar], Br. [pevar],
Gaul. [petor-], [*qetveres], I.E. [qetvôr]; Lat. [quatuor]; Gr.
téttares
; Got. [fidvôr], Eng. [four];
Lit. [keturi]; Skr. [catvâras].
ceò
, mist, Ir. [ceó], E.Ir. [ceó], g.
[ciach], [*cevox], g. [*gevocos], I.E. [sqevo-], Lat.
[obscūrus], Norse [ský], cloud, Eng. [sky]. The idea is
"covering".
ceòb
, a dark nook, corner:
ceòban
, small drizzle; [ceò]+[boinne] or
[-bainne], "mist-drop". The Ir. is [ceóbhrán], for [ceò]+[braon].
This last is G.
ciùran
, q.v. Hence
ceòpach
(for
ceòbnach
?). Also
ceòpan
. Ir. [ciabhrán], drizzle, fog, M.Ir. [ciabor],
mist.
ceòl
, music, Ir., E.Ir. [ceól], g. [ciúil],
[*kipolo-], a Gadelicised form of [*pipolo]; onomatopoetic root
[pīp], Lat. [pîpilo], chirp, [pipilum], outcry, [pîpo], chirp,
Ag.S. [pípe] , Eng. [pipe] (hence W. [pib], G. [pìob], etc.). Stokes
and Rhys have given a Celtic [qeqlo-] for stem, allied to W. [pib],
pipe. For phonetics, see [feòil]. Stokes now suggests alliance with
Ger. [heulen], hoot, howl, O.H.G. [hiuwilôn].
ceòs
, the hip, podex; see [ceus], poples.
Hence
ceòsach
, broad-skirted, bulky, clumsy.
ceòsan
, burr or light down of feathers; see
[ceus], wool of legs, etc.
ceud
, first, Ir. [céad], O.Ir. [cét], W.
[cynt], formerly, [cyntaf], first, Br. [kent], [kenta] (do.), Gaul.
[Cintu-], [*kentu-]; allied to W. [cann], with Gr.
katá
, down, against (=[k&ndot;ta]); Lat. [contra].
Further allied is possibly ([and this is the usual derivation]) I.E.
[qen], begin, Lat. [re-[cens]), Eng. [recent]; Gr.
kainós
(=
kaniós
),
new; Skr. [kaná], young; Ch.Sl. [koni], beginning. Some again have
compared Teut. [hind] as in Eng. [hindmost].
ceud
, a hundred, so Ir., O.Ir. [cét], W.
[cant], Cor. [cans], Br. [kant], [*k&ndot;to-n]; Lat. [centum]; Gr.
&ebcom;katón
(=[se-k&ndot;ton]); Got. [hund],
Eng. [hund]-red; Lit. [szìmtas]; Skr. [çatám].
ceudfadh
, sense, Ir. [céadfadh], O.Ir.
[cétbaid], W. [canfod], to perceive, [*cant-buti-], "with-being", from
[ceud], with first, and [bu], be.
ceudna
, the same, so Ir., O.Ir. [cétna],
[*centinio-s]; from [ceud], first.
ceum
, a step, Ir. [céim], O.Ir. [ceimm], W.,
Cor. [cam], O.W. [cemmein], gradibus, Br. [kam], [*k&ndot;gmen-], verb
[*kengô], I go, Ir. [cingim], Gaul. [Cingeto]-rix, "king of marching
men" - of warriors: I.E. [khen&gcurly;], limp; Ger. [hinken], limp;
Skr. [khañj], limp.
ceus
, ham, polpes: [*cencso-]; Lit. [kenkle],
hough, bend of the knee, [kinka], knee joint; Ag.S. [hóh] (=[han
&khgr;
]), Eng. [hough] (Strachan for Lit.). The gen.
is
ceòis
, whence [ceòs], etc.
ceus
, the coarse part of the wool on sheep's
legs (Heb.), M.Ir. [céslach]; from [ceus], ham.
ceus
, crucify, Ir. [céasaim], [ceusaim],
O.Ir. [céssaim], suffer, [*kentsô], suffer: I.E. [qentho]; Gr.
pénqos
,
páqos
, suffering, Eng. [pathos]; Lit. [kenczù],
suffering
ceutach
, becoming; see [ciatach].
cha
,
cha'n
, not, Ir.
[nocha n-], O.Ir. [ní con] aspirating. The particle [no] or [nu] is
no part of this negative: only [ní] and [con], "non quod", [con] being
the same as [gu'n]. Aspirating power of it is as yet unexplained.
Ulster Ir. [cha].
chaidh
, went, ivit, Ir. [cochuaidh], O.Ir.
[dochóid], he went, [*coud-]; Skr. [codati], make haste, [codayati],
drive, [códa], a goad; Eng. [shoot]. See [deach].
chaoidh
, for ever, Ir. [choidhche], E.Ir.
[chaidche], [coidchi]; for [co-aidche], [gu oidhche], "till night".
cheana
, already, Ir. [cheana], E.Ir. [chena],
in sooth, quidem, jam, [ol chena], [ar chena], O.Ir. [cene],
[olchene]; from [cen-é], "without this", root in [gun], without,
[cion], want.
chi
, will see, Ir. [chidhim], [chím], O.Ir.
[atchí], videt, [*ad-cesiô], [*kesiô]; Skr. [caksh], see, for
[*ca-kas]; Lat. [canus] ([*cas-no-]?), grey; Ag.S. [hasu], grey, Eng.
[hare]. See [chunnaic], [faic]. The aspiration of [chì] is due to
the lost [ad-] initial, which is confused with the verbal particle
[do],
a
.
cho
,
co
, as, so, Ir.
[comh], W. [cyn]; from [com], with. See [comh-]. Gaelic "Cho dubh ri
feannaig" = Welsh "Cyn ddued a'r frân".
chon
, to; dialectic form of [gu]. The
n
belongs to the article. Also [thun]; q.v. Compare
[chugad] and [thugad] to [chon] and [thun] in phonetics.
chuala
, heard, Ir. [do chuala], O.Ir.
[rochúala], W. [cigleu], [*kuklova]; root [kleu] as in [cluinn], q.v.
chugad
, towards thee, so Ir., O.Ir. [chucut],
[*cu-cu-t], where the prep. [cu] or [gu], to, is reduplicated. See
[gu]. The
t
or [-ut] is for [tu], q.v. So with
chuga
,
chuige
, etc.
chum
,
chùm
,
a chum
, to, for, in order to, Ir. [chum], [do chum],
O.Ir. [dochum n-], [dochom n-]; an idiomatic use of [com], side? Cf.
Eng. [side], [beside].
chun
, to, until; see [chon].
chunnaic
, saw, Ir. [chonacadar], they saw,
O.Ir. [conaca], vidi; from [con]+[faic]; for [con], see [comh-], and
see [faic]. The old past was
chunnairc
, still used
in Ir. as [chonnairc], from [con]+[dearc], q.v.
cia
, who, what, Ir. [cia], O.Ir. [cía], W.
[pwy], Cor. [pyu], Br. [piu], [*qei]; Lat. [qui] (Old Lat. [quei]).
See further under [co].
ciabh
, a lock of hair, so Ir., E.Ir. [ciab]:
[*kes-abu-], [kes] of [cas]?
Ciadaoin
,
Di-ciadaoin
,
Wednesday, Ir. [Céadaoin>, O.Ir. [cétáin], first fast, "Day of the
First Fast". The first weekly fast was the latter half of Wednesday,
the next was Friday - [Di-h-aoine]. Thursday is the day "Between two
fasts" - [Diardaoin], q.v. See further under [Di-].
ciagach
, sly-jumoured (Dialectic):
cial
, side or brim of a vessel; see
[ciobhull].
ciall
, sense, understanding, Ir., O.Ir.
[ciall], W. [pwyll], Cor. [pull], Br. [poell], [*qeislâ]: I.E. [qei],
observe, see, shine; Gr.
pinutós
, wise;
Skr. [cetati], perceive, [cittam], thought, [cinōti], discover;
further Ger. [heiter], clear.
ciamhair
, sad (Sh., Arm.), Ir. [ciamhair],
[ciamhaire] (O'Cl., O'Br.):
cian
, remote, so Ir., O.Ir. [cían],
[*keino-]; from the pronominal root [kei], there, Gr.
k&eibre;inos
, ille, Lat. [cis], [citra], Eng. [he].
Others have referred it to root [qei], [qi], Skr. [ciras], long, Got.
[hveila], time, Eng. [while]. Hence
cianail
, sad,
lonesome, Ir. [cianamhuil].
cianog
, a small measure of arable land (Heb.:
H.S.D.); see [cionag].
ciar
, dusky, Ir., E.Ir. [cíar], [*keiro-s],
"shadowy"; root [sqhei], Gr.
skierós
,
shady,
skiá
, shadow, Skr.
[châyā/], shadow, Ag.S. [scimo] (do.). It has been compared to
Eng. [hoar], Norse [hárr], but the vowels do not suit.
cias
, g.
ceòis
, border,
skirt, fringe:
ciatach
,
ciatfach
,
elegant, becoming, Ir. [céadfadhach], discreet, belonging to the
senses; from [deudfadh], q.v.
cibein
, rump (of a bird, M`D.), Ir. [cibín],
the rump (Con.). Cf. Ir. [giob], a tail.
cìbeir
, a shepherd; from Sc., Eng. [keeper].
cidhis
, a mask, vizard (M`D.),
luchd cidhis
, masqueraders; from Sc. [gyis], a mask,
[gysars], masqueraders, M.Eng. [gīsen], to dress, Eng. [guise],
[disguise]; all from O.Fr. [guise], modus, [desguiser], disguise. The
Sc. was directly borrowed in the Stuart period.
cigil
, tickle (Sh.); see [ciogail].
cìleag
, a diminutive, weakly person (Arg.):
cìleag
, a diminutive, weakly person (Arg.):
cìlean
, a large codfish; from Norse [keila],
gadus longus or "long cod". Also
cilig
(Sutherland).
cill
, a church; locative case of [ceall],
q.v., used for the most part in place-names.
cillein
, a concealed heap, repository, Ir.
[cillín], a purse or store of hoarded cash (O'B.), dim of [ceall],
cell, church, q.v.
cineal
offspring, clan, Ir. [cineul], O.Ir.
[cenél], W. [cenedl], O.W. [cenetl], Corl [kinethel], [*kenetlo-n]:
I.E. [qen], begin; Gr. [kainós], new (
kanjós
); Lat. re-[cens], Eng. [recent]; Ch.Sl.
[koni], beginning; Skr. [kaná], young.
cinn
, grow, increase, spring from, Ir., E.Ir.
[cinim], spring from, descend of; root [qen] of [cineal], q.v. Also
cinnich
, grow, increase.
cinneadh
,
cinne
, tribe,
clan, Ir. [cineadh], [cine], E.Ir. [ciniud] (g. [cineda]); from root
[qen] in [cineal], q.v. Hence
cinnich
, gentiles,
Ir. [cineadhach], a gentile.
cinneag
, a spindle (Sutherland):
cinnseal
, need, desire (Arm.), contact,
origin (M`A.). In the first sense, the word is from [cion], want; in
the second, from [cinn]. In the sense of "contact", as exemplified by
M`A., the Sc. [kinches], correspondence, etc. ("to kep kinches wi'
one"), has to be remembered, a word apparently from [kin].
cinnte
, certain, so Ir., O.Ir. [cinnim],
definio, [écintech], infinitus; from [ceann], head, q.v.
cìob
, bite, wound (Bib. Gl.); see [caob].
[cìbidh] (Hend.).
cìob
, coarse mountain grass, tow, Ir. [cíob],
coarse mountain grass, scirpus cæspitosus. Club rush, flaky peat
(Carm.).
ciobhull
, the jaw (M`D., who writes "na
cíobhuill"),
ciobhal
(Sh.), more properly
giall
(Arm.), q.v. H.S.D. gives the pl. as
cibhlean
.
cìoch
, a woman's breast, Ir. [cíoch], E.Ir.
[cích]; cf. W. [cig], flesh, M.Br. [quic] (do.), [*kîkâ] ([kêkâ]?).
Bez. suggests (with query) connection with Bulg. [cica], teat, Polish
[cyc].
cìocras
, hunger, longing, Ir. [cíocras],
hunger, greed, ravenousness:
ciod
, what, Ir. [cad], O.Ir. [cate], [cote],
lit. "quid est", [co]+[ta], q.v. Ir. [caidé] (North [goidé], O.Ir.
[caté], what is it, O.Ir. [ité], it is.
ciogail
, tickle, Ir. [giglim]; see [diogail].
In the Heb.
ciogailt
, tickling, also signifies
terror, a crisis of timerous determination (H.S.D.).
ciom
, a comb, wool-card, Ir. [ciomam], I comb
(O'B., Sh.); from M.Eng. [kemb], to comb. H.S.D. has not the word.
ciomach
, a prisoner, Ir. [cimidh], O.Ir.
[cimbid], [*k&mdot;biti-] (Stokes), root [kemb], wind; Lat. [cingo],
surround; Gr.
kómbos
, band, Norwegian
[hempa] (do.). See [ceangal], from the same I.E. root [qen&gcurly;].
ciombal
, bell, cymbal, so Ir.,; from Lat.
[cymbalum], Eng. [cymbal].
ciomboll
, a bundle of hay or straw (Heb.);
from Norse [kimbill], a bundle [kimbla], to truss, Sc. [kemple], fory
bottles of hay or straw, [kimple], a piece (Banffshire).
cion
, want; from the root [ken] of [gun],
without.
cion
, love, esteem, Ir. [cion], [cean], M.Ir.
[cen], O.Ir. [fochen], welcome; root [qino-], [qi], I.E. [qei],
notice, as in [ciall]. Further, Gr.
timc/
, honour,
tíw
,
honour,
tínw
, pay penalty. The sense of
honour and punishment is combined in the same word. See [ciont].
cionag
, a small portion of land, one-fourth
of a [cleitig] or one-eighth of a "farthing" land (Heb.), Ir.
[cionóg], a small coin, a kernel; cf. W. [ceiniog], a penny.
cionar
, music (Arm.; Sh. has
cionthar
; H.S.D. has
cion'thar
from
A.M`D., querulous music):
cionn
,
os cionn
, etc.;
this is the old dat. of [ceann], head ([*qennō]).
cionarra
, identical, idem; Ir. [cionda]
(dial. Gaelic
cìonda
), for [ceudna], by metathesis
of the
n
. The G. [-arra] is an adjectival form
of the [-ar] in [aon-ar], etc.
cionnas
, how, Ir. [cionnus], O.Ir. [cindas] =
[co]+[indas]; see [co] and [ionnas].
ciont
, guilt, Ir. [cionnta], O.Ir. [cintach],
injustice, [cin], guilt ([*cin-at-]), dat.pl. [cintaib]; also G. ++
cion
; I.E. [qin], Gr.
tínumai
, punish,
poinc/
, punishment, Lat. [pœna],
punishment, Eng. [pain]. See [cion].
ciora
, a pet lamb or sheep,
cireag
, a petted sheep,
ciridh
, the
call to a sheep to come to one: all from a shorter form of the root
[ka'er] or [kair] (i.e. [kir]) of [caora], q.v.
cioralta
, cheerful,
ciorbail
, snug; from Eng. [cheerful]. Cf. [tìorail].
ciorram
, hurt, damage, wounding, Ir.
[cíorrbhadh], E.Ir. [cirriud], [cirud], [*cir-thu-], root [ker],
destroy, Lat. [caries], decay, Gr.
kc/r
,
death, Skr. [ç&rdot;nâtí], smash. [ro cirrad], was mutilated.
cìosaich
, subdue: "make tributary"; from
[cìs], tribute, tax.
ciosan
, a bread basket, corn-skep (M`D.), Ir.
[cisean], [cis], basket, M.Ir. [ceiss], possibly allied to (if not
borrowed from) Lat. [cista] (Stokes). See [céis]. Sc. [cassie].
ciotach
, left-handed, sinister, so Ir., W.
[chwith], [*sqîttu-] (Stokes), [*sqit-tu-], and [sqit] is an extension
of [sqi], [sqai] in Gr.
skaiós
, Lat.
[scaevas] ([*sqai-vo-]), left.
ciotag
, a little plaid, shawl, O.Ir.
[cétaig], acc. case (Bk.of Armagh);
cìr
, a comb, Ir. [cìor], O.Ir. [cír],
[*kensrâ]; cf. Gr.
ktéis
, g.
ktenós
, (from [skens]), Ch.Sl. [ceslŭ],
Lit. [kasýti], scratch (Stokes, Strachan), root [qes], shave, scratch;
cf. Gr.
xéw
,
xurón
. Zimmer refers it to the root [qers], to
furrow, Skr. [karsha], a scratch, etc.; but [qers] would give a G.
[cerr]. A Celtic [cêra] would be the ideal form, suggesting Lat.
[cêra], wax, "honey-[comb]".
cìr
, cud, Ir., E.Ir. [cír], Manx [keeil], W.
[cil], Br. [das-kiriat], ruminer. Perhaps identical with the above
>>(Windisch). [cir], [ciridh], sheep (Carm.).
cìs
, tribute, tax, Ir. [cíos], O.Ir. [cís];
from Lat. [census], whence Eng. [census].
cisd
,
cist
, a chest, Ir.
[cisde], M.Ir. [ciste], W. [cist]; from Lat. [cista], Ir. [cis], piece
of basket work of osiers. Cf. O.Ir. [cass], basket, Lat. [quasillus].
cìsean
, hamper (Islay); from [cèis].
ciseart
, a light tweed (N.Lochaber).
cistin
, a kitchen; from the Eng.
cith
, a shower, Ir. [cith], [cioth], g.
[ceatha], E.Ir. [cith], O.Ir. [cithech], flebilium; [*citu-]:
cith
, rage, ardour; [*ketu-], cf. [cuthach]:
an cith
, attuned, where [cith] seems from Eng.
[key], mood.
cithean
, a complaining; see [caoin].
cithris-chaithris
, confusion (M`L.):
"hurly-burly"; an onomatopoetic word.
ciùbhran
,
ciùran
,
ciùrach
, small rain, drizzle, Ir. [ceóbhrán]. See
[ceòban]. M.Ir. [ciabor], mist.
ciuchair
, beautiful, dimpling (Sh., Arm.; not
H.S.D.):
ciùcharan
,
ciùcran
, a
low-voiced plaint: from Norse [kjökra], whine, [kjökr], a voice
stifled with tears.
ciùin
, mild, Ir. [ciúin], [*kivo-ni-], I.E.,
[kivo-], [keivo-], akin, dear; Lat. [civis], Eng. [civil]; Norse
[hýrr], mild, Ag.S. [heóre], Ger. [ge-heuer], safe; Ch.Sl.
[po-çivŭ], benignus; Skr. [çivá], friendly.
ciùrr
, hurt, Ir. [cíorrbhaigim], I maim,
wound: see [ciorram]. Cf., however, O.Ir. [dufiurrsa], adteram,
[du-furr], attriveris, [iúrthund], to hurt, root [org] as in
[tuargan].
clab
, an open mouth, Ir. [clab]; from Eng.
[clap], a clap, noise, the human tongue. Hence
claban
, a mill-clapper.
claban
, top of the head, brain-pan (H.S.D.);
cf. W. [clopen], G. [claigionn], q.v. Possibly Pictish?
clàbar
, flith, mire, clay, Ir. [clábar]
(whence Eng. [clabber]); cf. [làban].
clabar-nasg
, the clasp of wooden cow collar
(Arg.):
clabog
, a good bargain, great pennyworth:
clach
, a stone, Ir., E.Ir. [cloch], W.
[clwg], a rock, detached rock, [clog], a rock, [clogan], a large
stone, [*klukâ]; root [kal], [kl-], hard; Got. [hallus], stone, Norse
[hella], flat stone, Skr. [çilâ], a stone. Usually correlated with
Lat. [calculus], a pebble, Eng. [calculate].
clachan
, kirk or kirk town, Ir. [clochán],
monastic stone-cells singly or in group; also G. and Ir. "stepping
stones".
clàd
, comb wool,
clàd
, a
wool comb; from Sc. [claut], [clauts], wool comb, also a "clutching
hand, a hoe or scraper"; from [claw].
cladach
, a shore, beach, so Ir., [*claddo-],
"a score, shore"; from [clad] of [cladh], q.v.
clàdan
, a burr, a thing that sticks, Ir.
[cladán], burr, flake; from [clàd].
cladh
, churchyard, Ir. [cladh], a bank,
ditch, E.Ir. [clad], a ditch, W. [cladd], [clawdd], fossa, Cor.
[cledh] (do.), Br. [cleuz] (do.), [*klado-], [*klâdo]; root [kela],
[kla], break, split, hit; Gr.
kladarós
,
easily broken; Lat. [clâdes]; Russ. [kladu], cut. See further
[claidheamh], sword. Hence
cladhaich
, dig.
cladhaire
, a poltroon, so Ir.; "digger,
clod-hopper", from [cladh]?
clag
, a bell, Ir. [clog], O.Ir. [clocc], W.,
Cor. [cloch], Br. [kloc'h], [*klokko-], [*kloggo-]; root, [klog],
[klag], sound; Lat. [clango], Eng. [clang]; Gr.
klázw
,
klaggc/
,
clang; Lit. [klage@?ti], cackle. Bez. suggests
Bul.
[klŭcam], hit, giving the stem of [clag] as [*klukko-]. Hence
Eng. [clock], etc.
clàideag
, a lock, ringlet; see [clàd],
[clàdan].
claidheag
, the last handful of corn cut on
the farm, the "maiden" (Badenoch); Sc. [claaik-sheaf] (Aberdeen,
etc.), from [claaick], the harvest home; the state of having all the
corn in.
claidheamh
, a sword, Ir. [clóidheamh], O.Ir.
[claideb], W. [cleddyf], Cor. [cledhe], Br. [kleze], [*kladebo-s];
root [klad], Skr. [kladga]: Gr.
kládos
,
a twig; Ch.Sl. [kladivo], a hammer. Further root [kela], [klâ], hit,
split; Lat. [culter], per-[cellere], etc. See [cladh].
claidhean
, better
clàidhean
, the bolt of a door, Ir. [claibín]; from the
same source as [claidheamh]. H.S.D. gives it in supp. as [clàimhean].
claidreach
, a damaging, shattering:
[*claddo-]; root [clad] of [claidheamh].
claigionn
, a skull, Ir. [cloigionn], M.Ir.
[cloicend], W. [clopen], Br. [klopenn], [*cloc-cenn], from [clag] and
[ceann], "bell-head, dome-head". Stokes considers the Ir. borrowed
from the Welsh. Cf. [claban].
clais
, a furrow, ditch, so Ir., E.Ir.
[class], W. [clais], [*clad-s-ti-]; from [*clad] of [cladh]. Br.
[kleus], pit.
clàistinn
, hearing, listening; from
[*clôstâ], ear; see [cluas].
clàiteachd
, gentle rain (Arran):
clambar
, wrangling, Ir. [clampar]; from Lat.
[clamor].
clamhan
, a buzzard:
clamhradh
, a scratching, so Ir.: [*clam-rad];
see [cloimh], itch.
clamhsa
, an alley, close, so Ir.,; from Eng.
[close].
clàmhuinn
, sleet:
clann
, children, clan, so Ir., O.Ir. [cland],
W. [plant], [*qlanatâ]: I.E. root [qel]; Gr.
télos
, company; O.Slav. [celjad&ibreve;], family,
Lit. [kiltis] = Lett. [zilts], race, stock; Skr. [kúla], race. Some
have added Lat. [populus]. Usually regarded as borrowed from Lat.
[planta], a sprout, Eng. [plant], whence G.
clannach
, comatus.
claoidh
, vex, oppress, Ir. [claoidhim], O.Ir.
[clóim], W. [cluddio], overwhelm, [*cloid]; I.E. [klei], incline, as
in [claon], q.v. Windisch and Stokes refer it to [*cloviô], root
[qlov], [qlav], [qlu], shut in, Lat. [claudo], close, [claudus], lame,
Gr.
kleís
,
kleidós
, key.
claon
, inclining, squint, oblique, Ir.
[claon], O.Ir. [clóin]: [*kloino-]; Lat. [clīno],
[acclīnis], leaning, Eng. [incline]; Gr.
klínw
(
i
long), incline; Eng. [lean]; Lit.
[szlë/ti], incline; Skr. [çrayati] (do.).
clap
,
clapartaich
, clap,
clapping; from the Eng. [clap].
clàr
, a board, tablet, Ir., O.Ir. [clár], W.
[claur], O.W. [claur]; Gr.
klc/ros
(for
kl&aibre;ros
), a lot,
kláw
, break; root [qela], [qlâ], break,
etc., as in [claidheamh], [coille], q.v. Hence, [inter alia],
clàrach
, a woman of clumsy figure, "board-built".
clàrsach
, a harp, Ir. [cláirseach]; from
[clár]. Cf. for meaning [fiodhcheall], chess-play,
"wood-intelligence".
clasp
,
claspa
, a clasp,
Ir. [clasba]; from the Eng.
clàtar
, mire (Dial.); from Sc. [clart].
clathnàire
, bashfulness (M`D., who writes
clàthnàire
. H.S.D. gives the form in the text):
[clath]+[nàire]; see [nàire]. [clath] seems from the root [qel],
hide, as in [ceil], q.v. (H.S.D.).
cleachd
, a practice, custom, Ir.
[cleachdadh], E.Ir. [clechtaim], I am wont, [*k&ldot;cto-], root [qel],
as in Lat. [colo], Eng. [cultivate], Gr.
pélomai
, go, be, etc. Cf., however, [cleas].
cleachd
, a ringlet, a fillet of wool, E.Ir.
[clechtaim], I plait (Cam.), W. [pleth]; from Lat. [plecto], Eng.
[plait].
clearc
, a curl, lock of hair:
cleas
, a play, trick, feat, so Ir., E.Ir.
[cless], [*clessu-], [*clexu-]; root [klek], [klok], as in [cluich],
q.v.
cleath
, concealment, hiding; also
cleith
([*kleti-s]); inf. to [ceil], hide, q.v.
cleibe
, an instrument for laying hold of
fish, or of sea-fowls, Ir. [clipe]; from Eng. [clip], a gaff or
cleek, a fastener, Norse [klýpa], to pinch, O.H.G. [chluppa], tongs.
cléir
, the clergy, Ir. [cléir]; from Lat.
[clêrus]. See the next word.>>
cléireach
, a clerk, a cleric, O.G. [clérec]
(Bk.of Deer), Ir. [cléireach], E.Ir. [clérech], Br. [kloarek]; from
Lat. [clēricus], a clerk, cleric, from Gr.
klcrikós
(do.), from
kl&cibre;ros
, a lot, office: "the lot (
kl&cibre;ron
) of this ministry" (Acts i. 17).
cleit
, a quill, feather, down, Ir. [cleite]:
cleit
, a rocky eminence; from Norse [klettr],
rock, cliff. Common in Northern place-names.
cleit
, bar, ridge (Carm.).
cleith
, a stake, wattle, Ir. [cleith],
[cleath], E.Ir. [cleth], tignum, W. [clyd], sheltering, M.Br. [clet],
warm (place); root [qleit], [qlit], O.Sax. [hhlîdan], cover, Got.
[hleiðra], hut, Ch.Sl. [kleti], house. Hence
cleith
, roof; the E.Ir. [cléthe], roof, roof-pole,
appears to be for [kleitio-], the same root in its full vocalic form
(Schräder).
cleith
, concealing, O.Ir. [cleith]; see
[cleath].
cleitig
,
clitig
, a measure
of land - an 8th of the "penny" land:
cleòc
, a cloak, Ir. [clóca]; from the Eng.
cleuraidh
, one who neglects work (Arran):
clì
, vigour:
clì
, left (hand), wrong, Ir. [clí], E.Ir.
[clí], W. [cledd], O.W. [cled], Br. [kleiz], [*klijo]; root [klei],
incline, Got. [hleiduma], left, etc. See further under [claon].
cliabh
, a basket, hamper, the chest (of a
man), Ir. [clíabh], O.Ir. [cliab], corbis, [*cleibo-]. Root [klei]
as in [cliath].
cliadan
, a burr; cf. [clàdan].
cliamhuinn
, son-in-law, Ir. [cliamhuin], G.
and Ir.
cleamhnas
, affinity; root [klei], lean,
Lat. [cliens], Eng. [client], in-[cline], [lean].
cliar
, a poet, hero or heroes, Ir., E.Ir.
[clíar], society, train, clergy; from Lat. [clérus], as in [cléir],
q.v. Hence
cliaranach
, a bard, swordsman. The
Cliar Sheanachain
, (Senchan's Lot) was the mythic
bardic company, especially on its rounds (Gaelic Folk Tales). Hence
cliarachd
, singing, feats.
cliatan
, a level plot of ground:
[*cliath-t-an], a participial formation from [cliath], harrow -
"harrowed, level".
clath
, harrow, hurdle, Ir. [clíath], E.Ir.
[cliath], O.Ir. Vadum [clied] (Adamnan), Dublin, W. [clwyd], hurdle,
Cor. [cluit], Br. [kloned], Gaul. [8clêta], whence Fr. [claie],
hurdle, [*kleitâ]; root [klei], lean; Lett. [slita], wood fence, Lit
[szlité], a rack (of a waggon).
cliath
, tread hens, as cock:
cliathach
, side, the side of the ribs, Ir.
[cliathán], side, breast, [*kleito-], "slope", root [klei], incline;
Norse [klíð], a slope, mountain side, Gr.
klitús
(
i
long), a slope,
hill-side.
clibeag
, a trick, wile (H.S.D.); from
[cleibe], [clip], as [clìchd] from [cleek].
clibist
, a misadventure; see [cliob].
clic
, a hook, gaff: see the next word.>>
clìchd
, an iron hook; from Sc. [cleik], Eng.
[cleek], [click].
clìchd
, a cunning trick; from the above. Sc.
[cleiky], ready to take the advantage, tricky, [cleek], inclination to
cheat: "There's a [cleek] in 'im" (Banffshire).
cliob
, to stumble,
cliobach
, stumbling, awkward. Cf. Sc.
clypock
, a fall. See next.
cliob
, anything dangling, excrescence,
cliobain
, a dew-lap, Ir. [cliob], [clibín]; also Ir.
[cliobach], hairy, shaggy, [clibóg], a (shaggy) colt, etc. Cf. Sc.
[clype], an ugly, ill-shaped fellow: origin unknown (Murray); [clip],
a colt, Ger. [klepper], palfrey. Root [q&ldot;&gcurly;], stumpy, Gr.
kolobós
.
cliopach
, halt in speech (H.S.D.): cf. Eng.
[clip] words.
cliostar
, a clyster; from the Eng.
clip
, a hook, clip, Ir. [clipe], a gaff; from
the Eng. [clip]. See [cleibe].
clipe
, deceit (H.S.D.); see [clibeag].
clis
, active, Ir., M.Ir. [cliste], ready,
quick. Cf. W. [clys], impulse: [*c&ldot;-sto-]; root [kel], as in Lat.
[celer], swift, etc.? "
Na fir chlis
", the Merry
Dancers. From [cleas]. Cf. Ir. and E.Ir. [deil-clis], staff-sling.
clisbeach
, unsteady of foot, cripple; from
[clis]. Also
clisneach
.
clisg
, start, Ir. [cliosg] (Meath Dial.,
[clist]); from [clis].
clisinnean
, boat ribs, [clisneach], rib:
clisneach
, the human body, carcase, outward
appearance (Arm.; not H.S.D.):
clisneach
, a bar-gate (H.S.D.), a rib (Wh.):
cliù
, renown, praise, Ir., O.Ir. [clú], W.
[clyw], sense of hearing, [clod], praise; Gr.
kléos
, fame; Skr. [çravás], I.E. [kleu], hear.
See further under [cluinn].
cliùchd
, mend nets:
cliùd
, a slap with the fingers; from the Sc.
[clout], Eng. [clout], a cuff, "clout".
cliùd
, a small or disabled hand; from Sc.
[cloot], hoof, half-hoof?
clò
,
clòth
, broad-cloth;
from Eng. [cloth], [clothing], etc.
clò
, a print, printing press, M.G. [cló]
(Carswell), Ir. [cló], [clódh] ([clodhuighim], Coneys; E.Ir. [clod],
mark?); cf. the next word.>> Also
clòdh
. ++
clò
, a nail, Ir., E.Ir. [clò], W. [clo], key, Br.
[klao], tool, [*klavo-]; Lat. [clâvus], nail, [clavis], key; Gr.
kleís
, key, etc. See [claoidh].
clò-chadail
, slumber; see [clòth].
clobha
, a pair of tongs; from Norse [klofi],
a fork (of a river), a forked mast, snuffers, [klof], fork of the
legs, "cloven, cleft". The Ir. [clobh(a)] in Con. and Fol., and the
[clomh] of Lh., seems a Scottish importation, for Coneys says the
vernacular is [tlobh]. In fact, the Ir. word is [tlú], [tlúgh]:
"lifter"; root [t&ldot;-] as in Lat. [tollo]?
clobhsa
, a close, lane, farm-yard, Ir.
[clamhsa], W. [claws]; from Eng. [close]. Also, [clamhsa], q.v.
clochranaich
, wheezing in the throat (M`F.;
Sh. has
clochar
, and
clochan
,
respire); from Sc. [clocher], wheezing, [cloch], cough feebly. It is
an onomatopoetic word, like Eng. [cluck], [clock].
clod
, a clod, turf; from the Eng.
clogad
,
clogaid
, a helmet,
Ir. [clogad], M.Ir. [clogat], [at chluic], E.Ir. [clocatt]; from
[ad], hat, q.v., and ++
clog
, head, which see in
[claigionn].
clogais
, a wooden clog; from Eng. [clogs].
cloidhean
, the pitch of the box-tree or any
shrub tree (Arm.; not H.S.D.). Cf. [glaoghan].
cloimh
, scab, itch, Ir. [clamh], scurvy,
E.Ir. [clam], leprosus, W. [clafr], leprosy, [claf], diseased, Cor.
[claf] (do.), M.Br. [claff] (do.), Br. [klanv], [*klamo-], sick; Skr.
[klam], weary; Gr.
klamarós
, weak
(Hes.); Lat. [clêmens].
clòimh
, wool, down of feathers, Ir. [clúmh],
down, feathers, E.Ir. [clúm], pluma, W. [pluf], plumage; from Lat.
[pluma] (Eng. [plumage]).
clòimhdich
, rub or scratch as itchy; same as
[clamhradh] in meaning and root.
clòimhein
, icicle, snot; from [clòimh]
clois
, the herb "stinking marsh, horse tail",
Ir. [clóis], [clo-uisge] (O'R.), "water nail" (Cameron).
cloitheag
, a shrimp, prawn (M`D.), Ir.
[cloitheóg]. Possibly for [claidh-], [*cladi-], root [clad] of
[cladh]: "a digger". M`L. has instead [cloidheag], a small
shore-fish.
clomh
, counteract, subdue (Carm.). See
[caochail].
clomhais
, cloves; from the Eng.
clos
, rest, sleep, stillness; [*clud-to-],
root [klu], [klav]; see [claoidh].
closach
, a carcase; from [clos], q.v.
clòsaid
, a closet, Ir. [closeud]; from the
Eng.
clòth
, mitigate, still; from the root [klav],
of [claoidh], q.v.
cluain
, a green plain, pasture, Ir. and E.Ir.
[cluain]: [*clopni-]; Lit. [szlapti], become wet, [szlapina], a wet
spot; Gr.
klépas
(Hes.), a wet muddy
place (Strachan).
cluaineas
,
cluain
,
intriguing, deceit, Ir. [cluainearachd], [cluain], [*clopni]; Gr.
kléptw
; steal, Eng. [lift], [cattle
lifting] (Strachan). [cluain] = sense (Glenmoriston).
cluaran
, a thistle; cf. W. [cluro], whisk.
cluas
, ear, Ir., O.Ir. [cluas], W. [clust],
[*kloustâ], root [kleus], [klus], [kleu], hear; O.Sax. [hlust],
hearing, Eng. [listen], etc. See [cluinn].
clùd
, a patch, clout, Ir. [clúd], W. [clwt];
from the Eng. [clout], Ag.S. [clút] (Rhys, Murray).
cluich
, play, Ir. [cluiche], a game, E.Ir.
[cluche], a game, O.Ir. [cluichech], ludibundus: [*klokjo-]; Got.
[hlahjan], Eng. [laugh], Ger. [lachen] (Windisch, Stokes). [placere]?
cluigein
, a little bell, anything dangling;
from [clag].
cluinn
, hear, Ir., E.Ir. [cluinim], W.
[clywed] hearing, Cor. [clewaf], audio, Br. [klevet], audire,
[*klevô], I hear; Lat. [clueo], am reputed, in[clustus], famous; Gr.
klevô
, hear; Eng. [loud], [listen]; Skr.
[çru], hear, [crâvas], sound. Hence [cliù], [cluas], etc.
cluip
, cheat: hardly [*kloppi-]; Gr.
kléptw
.
clupaid
, the swollen throat in cattle:
cluthaich
, cover, clothe, Ir. [cluthmhar],
sheltered, warm. Cf. E.Ir. [clithaigim], I shelter, [clith],
clothing, W. [clyd], sheltering; root [qel] of [ceil], q.v. Ir.
[clúdaim], I clothe, cover, from Eng. [clothe], has possibly
influenced the vowel both in G. and Ir.
cluthaich
, chase, Ir. [cluthaighim]:
[*kluto-], [*klu]; see [claoidh]?
cnab
, pull, haul; see [cnap].
cnabaire
, an instrument for dressing flax,
Ir. [cnáib], hemp; see [cainb].
cnag
, a crack, Ir. [cnag]; from the Eng.
[crack].
cnag
, a pin, knob, Ir. [cnag]; from the Eng.
[knag], a peg, Dan. [knag], a peg, Sw. [knagg], a knag.
cnàid
, a scoff, Ir. [cnáid]:
cnàimh
, bone, Ir. [cnáimh], O.Ir. [cnáim],
[*knâmi-s]; Gr.
knc/mc
, leg; Eng. [ham].
cnaimhseag
, a pimple, bear-berry:
cnàmh
, chew, digest, Ir. [cnaoi],
[cnaoidhim], E.Ir. [cnám], gnawing, W. [cnoi]; Gr.
knw/dwn
, a tooth,
knáw
, scrape; Lit. [kandú], bite; Skr. [khâd],
chew. Root [qnē], [qen]. Hence
cnamhuin
,
gangarene.
cnàmhaiche
, matured person (M`D.):
cnap
, a knob, Ir. [cnap], E.Ir. [cnapp]; from
Norse [knappr], a knob, M.Eng. [knap]. Hence also G. and Ir.
cnap
, a blow, Sc. [knap], Eng. [knappe], blow.
cnapach
, a youngster; from [cnap]. But cf.
Norse [knapi], boy, varlet, Eng. [knave]. ++
cnarra
, a ship, Ir. [cnarra]; from Norse [knörr], g.
[knarrar], Ag.S. [cnear].
cnatan
, a cold: [*krod-to-]; Ger. [rotz],
catarrh; Gr.
kóruza
(do.). Also
cneatan
.
cnead
, a sigh, groan, so Ir., E.Ir., [cnet];
from the root [can] of [can], say, sing.
cneadh
, a wound, so Ir., E.Ir. [cned],
[*knidâ]; Gr.
knízw
, sting,
knídc
, nettle; Ag.S. [hnítan], tundere. Cf.
Teut. [hnit], hit; Gr.
knizw
, stick,
cut; [cneidh-ghalar], painful complaint.
cneap
, a button, bead; see [cnap].
cneas
, skin, waist, Ir. [cneas], E.Ir.
[cnes]; from [cen] of [cionn], skin; see [boicionn]; Corn. [knes],
body, W. [cnawd], human flesh.
cneasda
, humane, modest, Ir. [cneasda]; from
[cen] as in [cineal], kin.
cnèatag
, fir cone, shinty ball:
cneisne
, slender (M`D.); from [cneas].
cniadaich
, caress, stroke:
cnò
, a nut, Ir. [cnó], O.Ir. [cnú], W.
[cneuen], pl. [cnau], Cor. [cnyfan], Br. [knaouenn], [*knovâ]; Norse,
[hnot], Ag.S. [hnutu], Eng. [nut], Ger. [nuss].
cnoc
, a hillock, Ir, [cnoc], O.Ir. [cnocc],
O.Br. [cnoch], tumulus, Br. [kreac'h], [krec'henn], hill, [*knokko-];
from [knog-ko-], Norse, [hnakki], nape of the neck, Ag.S. [hnecca],
necl, Eng. [neck]. Some have given the stem as [*cunocco], and
referred it to the root of Gaul. [cuno-], high, W. [cwn], height, root
[ku], be strong, great, as in [curaidh], q.v. Cf. Ag.S. [hnoll],
O.H.G. [hnol], vertex, head. See [ceann].
cnòcaid
, a young woman's hair bound up in a
fillet. Founded on the Sc. [cockernonny].
cnod
, a knot, Ir. [cnota]; from the Eng.
cnòd
, a patch, piece on a shoe; cf. Sc.
[knoit], [knot], large piece.
cnòdaich
, acquire, lay up, Ir. [cnódach],
acquiring (O'R.); see [cnòd].
cnòdan
, the gurnet, Ir. [cnúdán] (Fol.); cf.
Sc. [crooner], so-called from the [croon] or noise it makes when
landed. The G. seems borrowed from Sc. [crooner], mixed with Sc.
[crout], croak.
cnóid
, a sumptuous present (Heb.);
cròid
:
cnoidh
, tooth-ache, sever pain; see [cnuimh].
cnomhagan
, a large whelk, buckie; cf. [cnò],
nut.
cnot
, unhusk barley; from
cnotag
, the block or joint of wood hollowed out for
unhusking barley. The word is the Eng. [knot]?
cnuachd
, head, brow, temple, Ir. [cruaic]
(O'R.); cf. W. [cnuwch], bushy head of hair, [cnwch], knuckle,
[cnuch], joint, [*cnoucco-], "a prominence"; root [kneu], [knu]; Norse
[hnúkr], [hnjúkr], knoll, peak, [hnuðr], a knob. Hence
cnuachdach
, shrewd: "having a head".
cnuas
, gnash, chew, crunch; for [cruas],
[cruais], founded on Eng. [crush], [crunch]?
cnuasaich
, ponder, collect, Ir.
[cnuasuighim], [cnuas], a collection, scraping together, G. and Ir.
cnuasachd
, reflection, collection, [*knousto-];
root [knu], [knevo], scrape, Gr.
knúw
,
scratch, Norse [hnöggr], niggard, Eng. niggard, Ag.S. [hneáw],
sparing. The idea is "scraping together": a [niggard] is "one who
scrapes". Stokes (Dict.) gives the root as [knup], and compares Lit.
[knupsyti], oppress. St. now, possibly, [*knoud-to], Norse, [knúðr],
ball. Cf. [cruinnich], for force.
cnuimh
, a worm; wrong spelling for [cruimh],
q.v.
cnumhagan
, a handful (Heb.); for [crobhagan],
from ++
crobh
, the hand? See [cròg].
co
,
cò
, who, O.Ir.
[co-te], now G. [ciod], q.v.; W. [pa], Cor. [py], [pe], Br. [pe],
quia, root [qo-], [qa], [qe]; Lat. [quod]; Gr.
pó-qi
, etc.; Eng. [who].
co
,
cho
, as, so; see
[cho].
còb
, plenty (Sh.); from Lat. [copia]. Ir.
[cóib], party, followers.
cobhair
, assistance, so Ir., O.Ir. [cobir],
[*cobris], [co]+[ber], root [bher], carry, see [beir]; and cf. for
meaning Gr.
sumférei
, it is of use.
cobhan
, coffer, box, Ir. [cofra]; from Eng.
[coffin], [coffer].
cobhar
, foam, Ir. [cubhar], E.Ir. [cobur]:
[co]+[bur]; for [bar], see [tobar], well.
cobhartach
, spoil, booty:
cobhlach
, fleet. See [cabhlach].
coc
, cock, to cock; from the Eng.
còcaire
, a cook, Ir. [cócaire], M.Ir.
[cocaire], Cor. [peber], pistor; from the Lat. [coquo], I cook.
cochull
, also
coich
(Carm.), husk, hood, Ir. [cochal], O.Ir. [cochull], W. [swcwll], hood,
cowl; from Lat. [cucullus], Eng. [cowl].
cocontachd
, smartness (A.M`D.); see [coc],
[gog].
codaich
, share, divide; from [codach], gen.
of [cuid].
còdhail
, a meeting; see [comhdhail].
cogadh
, war, so Ir., O.Ir. [cocad]:
[*con-cath], "co-battle"; see [cath].
cogais
, conscience, Ir. [cogus], O.Ir.
[concubus]: [con]+[cubus]; and O.Ir. [cubus], conscience, is for
[con-fis], [co] and [fios], knowledge, q.v.
cogan
, a loose husk, covering (H.S.D.), a
small vessel; see [gogan] for latter force.
cogull
, tares, cockle, Ir. [cogal]; borrowed
from M.Eng. [cackel], [cokkul], now [cockle].
coibhneas
proper spelling of [caoimhneas],
which see.
coibhseachd
, propriety, so Ir. [coibhseach],
becoming; cf. M.Ir. [cuibdes], fittingness, from [cubaid]; see
[cubhaidh].
coicheid
, suspicion, doubt:
cóig
, five, Ir. [cúig], O.Ir. [cóic], W.
[pump], E.W. [pimp], Cor. [pymp], Br. [pemp], Gaul. [pempe], [*qenqe];
Lat. [quinque]; Gr.
pénte
; Lit.
[penki]; Got. [fimf]; Skr. [páñca].
coigil
, spare, save, so Ir., E.Ir. [coiclim],
[cicill] (n.); [*con-cel], root [qel], as in Lat. [colo], etc. Also
cagail
. The E.Ir. [cocell], concern, thought, is
for [con-ciall]; [ciall], sense.
coigreach
, a stranger, Ir. [coigcrigheach],
[cóigcríoch], [*con-crích-ech], "provincial", E.Ir. [cocrích],
province, boundary. See [crìoch]. The meaning is, "one that comes
from a neighbouring province".
coilceadha
, bed materials, ++
coilce
, a bed, Ir. [coilce], a bed, E.Ir. [colcaid],
flock bed, O.W. [cilcet], now [cylched]; from Lat. [culcita], a
pillow, Eng. [quilt].
coilchean
, a little cock, water spouting;
from [coileach], q.v.
coileach
, a cokc, so Ir., O.Ir. [cailech], W.
[ceiliog], Cor. [celioc], Br. [kiliok], [*kaljákos], the "caller";
rrot [qal], call; Lat. [calare], summon, Eng. [Calends]; Gr.
kaléw
, call; Lit. [kalba], speech, etc.
coileag
, a cole of hay; from the Sc. [cole],
a cole or coil of hay. See [góileag].
còileag
(Perth.).
coileid
, a stir, noise (Heb.); cf. Eng.
[coil], of like force. The G. seems borrowed therefrom.
coileir
, a collar, Ir. [coiléar]; from the
Eng.
coilionn
, a candle; see [coinneal].
coi'lige
(Dial.), race, course (Hend.):
[coimhliong].
coiliobhar
, a kind of gun; see [cuilbheir].
coille
,
coill
, wood, Ir.
[coill], O.Ir. [caill], W. [celli], Cor. [kelli], [*kaldet-], Gr.
kládos
, a twig; Eng. [holt], Ger.
[holz]. Further root [qla], [qela], split, hit, as in [cladh],
[claidheamh], q.v.
coileag
, a cockle (M`D.), Ir. [coilleóg]
(O'R.), Cor. [cyligi]:
coilleag
, a rural song, a young potato, a
smart blow:
coileag
,
coileig
(accent
on end syllable; Perth.), a smart stroke:
coilpeachadh
, equalizing cattle stock (Heb.);
[colpach].
coilpein
, a rope:
coimeas
, comparison, co-equal, Ir.
[coimheas], E.Ir. [coimmeas]: [com]+[meas]. See [meas].
coimh-
,
co-
; see [comh-].
coimheach
, strange, foreign, cruel, Ir.
[coimhtheach], [cóimhthigheach], [cóimhightheach], strange, M.Ir.
[comaigthe], foreign, O.Ir. [comaigtech], alienigena; for [comaitche]
(Stokes). See [tathaich]. ++
Coimhde
, God, Ir.
[Cóimhdhe], God, the Trinity, O.Ir. [comdiu], gen. [comded] (Bk.of
Deer), Lord, [*com-mediôs], "Providence", root [med], think as in G.
[meas], esteem, Lat. [modus], [mediator], [mediate]. See [meas]. The
fanciful "Coibhi, the Celtic arch-druid", is due to a confusion of the
obsolete [Coimhdhe] with the Northumbrian Coifi of Bede.
coimhead
, looking, watching, Ir. [cóimhéad],
O.Ir. [comét], [*com-entu-]. For [entu], see [dìdean].
comhearsnach
, a neighbour, Ir. [cómharsa],
gen. [cómharsan], E.Ir. [comarse]; from [com] and [ursainn], a
door-post (Zimmer). See [ursainn].
comheart
, a comparison; [*com-bért], root
[ber], of [beir]. Cf. Lat. [confero].
coimheirbse
, wrangling: [com]+[farpauis],
q.v.
coimhirp
, rivalry, striving (Arg.); same root
as [oidhirp].
coimhliong
, a race, course, also
coi'lige
(Dial.); Ir. [cóimhling]; from [com] and
[lingim], I leap. For root, see [leum].
coimsich
, perceive, Ir. [coimighim]:
[com-meas]; see [meas].
coimirc
, mercy, quarter, so Ir.; see
[comairce].
coimpire
, an equal, match; from Eng.
[compeer] or Lat. [compar].
coimrig
, trouble; from Sc., Eng. [cumber],
[cumbering].
coimseach
, indifferent (Sh.); from [coimeas],
co-equal.
coindean
, a kit (Arm.: not in H.S.D.):
còineag
, a nest of wild bees (M`L.); from
[còinneach], moss. See [caonnag].
coinean
, a rabbit, coney, Ir. [coinín], W.
[cwning]; from M.Eng. [cuinin], from O.Gr. [connin], [connil], from
Lat. [cuniculus], whence Eng. [coney], through Fr.
coingeis
, indifferent, same as, no matter;
[con-geas], from [geas], desire, etc. Cf. [àilleas], from [ail-ges].
coingeal
, a whirlpool (H.S.D.):
coingheall
, a loan, Ir. [coinghioll],
obligation; [con]+[giall], q.v.
coingir
, a pair (Sh.):
coinlein
, a nostril; see [cuinnean].
coinn
, fit of coughing; a nostril (Hend.):
coinne
, a supper, a party to which every one
brings his own provisions (Heb.). Cf. E.Ir. [coindem], [coinmed],
coigny, conveth, quartering, [*kond], eat, as in [cnàmh], q.v.
coinne
, woman (Hend.); from N. [kona],
[kvenna] (gen. pl.), woman, Eng. [queen].
coinne
,
coinneamh
, a
meeting, Ir. [coinne], E.Ir. [conne], [*con-nesiâ]; root [nes], come,
dwell, Gr.
némoi
, go,
naíw
, dwell; Skr. [nas], join some one. Stokes
seems to think that [kon-dê-] is the ultimate form here, [dê] being
the I.E. [dhê], set, Gr.
tíqcmi
, etc.
coinneamh
, when used as adverb = [coinnibh],
dat.pl.?
còinneach
, moss, Ir. [caonach], M.Ir.
[cúnnach], O.Ir. [coennich], muscosi:
coinneal
, candle, so Ir., E.Ir. [candel], W.
[canwyll], O.W. [cannuill], Cor. [cantuil]; from Lat. [candela],
whence Eng. [candle].
coinneas
, a ferret; [*con-neas],
"dog-weasel"? See [neas].
coinnseas
, conscience (Hend.):
coinnlein
, a stalk, Ir. [coinlín], M.Ir.
[coinnlin], O.Ir. [connall], stipula, [*konnallo-]; Lat., [canna], a
rood, Gr.
kánna
. Stokes also joins W.
[cawn], reed, [*kâno].
còir
, just, right, Ir., O.Ir. [cóir], W.
[cywir]: [*ko-vêro-], "co-true", from [vêro-], now [fíor], q.v. Hence
còir
, justice, right, share. Also in the phrase
'n an còir
, in their presence; see [comhair].
coirb
, cross, vicious, Ir. [corbadh],
wickedness, E.Ir. [corpte], wicked; from Lat. [corruptus]. Also see
[coiripidh].
coirceag
, a bee-hive (Sh., O'R.):
coire
, fault, so Ir., O.Ir. [caire], O.W.
[cared], W. [cerydd], Br. [carez], [*karjâ]; Lat. [carinare], blame,
abuse; Let. [karinát], banter, Ch.Sl. [karati], punish.
coire
, a cauldron, so Ir., E.Ir. [core],
[coire], W. [pair], Cor., Br. [per], [*qerjo]; Norse [hverr], kettle,
Ag.S. [hwer]; Skr. [carú]; Gr.
kérnos
,
a sacrificial vessel.
coireal
, coral, from the Eng.
coireall
, a quarry, Ir. [coireul], [coilér]
(F.M.); from Fr. [carriere], with dissimilation of
r
's (Stokes).
coireaman
, coriander, so Ir.; founded on the
Lat. [coriandrum], Gr.
koríannon
.
coirioll
, a carol; from the Eng.
coiripidh
, corruptible; from Lat.
[corruptus].
còirneil
, a colonel, Ir. [curnel], [corniel]
(F.M.); from the Eng.
coirpileir
, a corporal; from the Eng.
coiseunuich
, bless (Sh.); [con]+[seun] or
[sian], q.v.
coisich
, walk, Ir. [coiseachd] (n.); from
[cas], [coise], q.v.
coisinn
, win; see [cosnadh].
coisir
, a festive party, chorus, Ir.
[coisir], feast, festive party, [cóisir] (O'R., O'B., and Keat.),
feasting, "coshering":
coisrigeadh
, consecration, O.G. [consecrad]
(Bk.of Deer), Ir. [coisreagadh], O.Ir. [coisecrad]; from Lat.
[consecratio].
coit
, a small boat, Ir. [coit], E.Ir.
[coite]. Cf. Lat. [cotta], species navis, Norse [kati], a small ship,
Eng. [cat]. Stokes suggests that the G. and Ir. are from the Low Lat.
[cotia], navis Indica. Hence Eng. [cot]. Now from [*quontio]; Gaul.
[ponto], whence Eng. [punt].
coitcheann
, common, public, so Ir., O.Ir.
[coitchenn]: [*con-tech-en]?
coiteir
, a cottar, Ir. [coiteóir]; from the
Eng. [cottar].
coitich
, press one to take something:
[*con-tec-], root [tek], ask, Eng. [thig]; see [atach].
col
, an impediment, Ir. [colaim]; root
[qela], [qlâ], break, split? See [call]; and cf. Gr.
kwlúw
, hinder, which is probably from the same
root.
col
, sin, Ir., E.Ir. [col], W. [cwl], O.Br.
[col], [*kulo-]; Lat. [culpa], [colpa], fault. Stokes hesitates
between referring it to the root of Lat. [culpa] or to that of Lat.
[scelus], Got. [skal], Eng. [shall], Ger. [schuld], crime.
colag
, a small steak or collop (Arg.); from
Eng. [collop].
colaiste
, a collage, Ir. [colaisde]; from the
Eng.
colamoir
, the hake (Sh., O'B.), Ir.
[colamóir]; cf. Sc. [coalmie], [colemie], the coal-fish.
còlan
, a fellow-soldier, companion; cf.
[còmhla], together. The Ir. [cómhlach] is for [com-lach], the [lach]
of [òglach].
colann
,
colainn
, a body,
so Ir., O.Ir. [colinn], gen. [colno], W. [celain], carcase, O.W.
[celein], cadaver, [*colanni-] (Brugmann); root [qela], break, the
idea being "dead body"? Cf. for meaning Gr.
nékus
, corpse, from [nek], kill.
colbh
, pillar, Ir. [colbh], E.Ir. [colba], W.
[celff], Br. [kelf]; Lat. [columna], Eng. [column]; root [qel], high.
G.
colbh
, plant stalk, Ir. [colmh], is allied to
Lat. [culmus]. The Celtic words, if not borrowed from, have been
influenced by the Lat.
colc
, an eider duck (Heb.); from Sc., Eng.
[colk], E.Fris. [kolke], the black diver.
colg
, wrath, Ir., [colg]; a metaphorical use
of [calg] (i.e. [colg]), q.v.
colg
, sword (ballads). See [calg].
collachail
, boorish (H.S.D.; O'R. quoted as
authority), Ir. [collach-amhuil]; from Ir. [collach], boar. See
[cullach].
collaid
, a clamour, Ir. [collóid]; see
[coléid].
collaidh
, carnal, sensual, so Ir., E.Ir.
[collaide]; for [colnaide], from [colann], body, flesh.
collaidin
,
codalan
, white
poppy (H.S.D.; O'R. only quoted), Ir. [collaidín], [codalán]; from
[colladh], [codal], sleep.
collainn
, a smart stroke; also
coilleag
.
colman
, a dove; see [calman].
colpack
, a heifer, steer, Ir. [colpack],
M.Ir. [calpach]; apparently founded on Norse [kálfr], a calf. Hence
Sc. [colpindach].
coltach
, like; for [co-amhuil-t-ach]. See
[amhuil], [samhuil].
coltar
, a coulter, Ir. [coltar], E.Ir.
[coltar]; from M.Eng. [cultre], Lat. [culter].
columan
, a dove, Ir. and O.Ir. [colum], W.
[colomen], [cwlwm], Corn. [colom], Br. [coulm]; from Lat. [columbus],
[columba].
cóm
, the cavity of the chest, Ir. [com],
[coim], chest cavity, waist, body. The G. is allied to W. [cwm], a
valley, "a hollow", [*kumbo-]; Gr.
k&uibre;fos
, Lat. [cumbere]; Ger. [haube], hood; root
[kumbo-], bend. The O.Ir. [coim], covering, is from the root [kemb],
wind, as in [cám], q.v.
coma
, indifferent, so Ir., E.Ir. [cuma],
O.Ir. [cumme], idem, [is cumma], it is all the same; from root [me],
measure: "equal measure".
comaidh
, a messing, eating together, E.Ir.
[commaid], [*kom-buti-s], "co-being", from [*buti-s], being. See
[bì], be.
comain
, obligatino, Ir. [comaoin], O.Ir.
[commáin]: [*com-moini-]; Lat. [communis]. See [maoin]. ++
comairce
, protection; see [comraich].
comanachadh
, celebration of the Lord's
Supper; from [comann] or [comunn], society, Lat. [communio], Eng.
[communion].
comannd
, a command; from the Eng. ++
comar
, a confluence, Ir. [comar], [cumar], E.Ir.
[commar], W. [cymmer], Br. [kemper], confluent, [*kom-bero-]; Lat.
[con-fero]. Root [bher], as in [beir].
comas
,
comus
, power, Ir.
[cumas], E.Ir. [commus], [*com-mestu-], [*mestu-], from [med], as in
[meas] (Zimmer, Brugmann).
combach
, a companion; a shortened form of
[companach].
combaid
, company (Dial.):
combaiste
,
compaiste
, a
compass, Ir. [compás]; from the Eng.
comh-
, prefix denoting "with, com-, con-",
Ir. [comh-], O.Ir. [com-], [*kom-]; Lat. [cum], [com-], [con-], Eng.
[com-], [con-], etc. It appears as [comh-], [com-] (before
m
and
b
), [con-] (before
d
,
g
), etc.
comhach
, prize, prey: [*com-agos-]; root
[ag], drive?
comhachag
, owl, W. [cuan], Br. [kaouen],
O.Br. [couann]; L.Lat. [cavannus] (from the Celtic - Ernault), Fr.
[chouette], O.Fr. [choue]. Cf. Ger. [schugu], [uhu]. An
onomatopoetic word originally.
co had
, a comparison (Sh.); [comh]+[fada],
q.v.
co haib
, contention about rights (M`A.):
comhaich
, dispute, assert, contend:
comhailteachd
, a convoy, Ir. [comhailtim], I
join; from
comhal
, a joining, so Ir., E.Ir.
[accomallte], socius, O.Ir. [accomol], conjunctio, W. [cyfall],
[*ad-com-ol]. For [ol], see under [tional], alt.
comhair
, presence, e regione, etc., Ir.
[cómhair], E.Ir. [comair], W. [cyfer], O.W. [cwer]: [com]+[air], the
prep. [comh] and [air], q.v. (Asc.). Cor. [kever]. Cf. [comhghar]
of Ir.
comhairc
, an outcry, appeal, forewarning, Ir.
[cómhairce], E.Ir. [comaircim], I ask: [com]+[arc]. For [arc], see
[iomchorc].
comhairle
, advice, Ir. [cómhairle], O.Ir.
[airle], [air]+[le]. This [le] is usually referred to the root [las],
desire, Skr. [lash], desire, Lat. [lascivus], wanton. Ascoli suggests
the root [lā] of O.Ir. [láaim], mittere, Gr.
&ecom;laúnw
.
comhal
, a joining - an Ir. word; see
[comhailteachd].
comhalta
, a foster-brother, Ir. [cómhalta],
E.Ir. [comalta], W. [cyfaillt], friend, [*kom-altjos], root [al],
rear, Lat. [alo]. See [altrum].
comharradh
, a mark, Ir. [cómhartha], O.Ir.
[comarde]; from [com] and O.Ir. [airde], signum, W. [arwydd], M.Br.
[argoez], [*are-video-]; root [vid], as in Lat. [video], here
[prœ-video], etc.
comhart
, the bark of a dog; from [comh] and
[art], O.Ir. [artram], latratus, W. [cyfarth], [arthio], to bark,
O.Br. [arton]. Cf. Ir. [amhastrach], barking.
còmhdach
, clothing, covering, Ir. [cúmhdach],
veil, covering, defence, E.Ir. [comtuch], [cumtach], covering,
"shrine": [*con-ud-tog]; root [teg], [tog], as in [tigh], q.v. Cf.
[cúintgim], peto: [*com-di-segim].
còmhdaich
, allege, prove: [*com-atach]; see
[atach]?
còmhdhail
, a meeting, Ir. [cómhdháil>, E.Ir.
[comdál]: [com]+[dáil]; see [dáil].
còmhla
, together, Ir. [cómhlámh]:
[com]+[làmh], "co-hand, at hand". See [làmh].
còmhla
, door, door-leaf, Ir. [cómhla], E.Ir.
[comla], gen. [comlad]: [*com-lā], root [(p)lā], fold,
groove (cf. Lat. [sim-plu-s], O.H.G. [zwîfal], two-fold); root [pal],
[pel], as in [alt], joint.
comhlann
, a combat, Ir. [cómhlann], E.Ir.
[comlann]: [*com+lann]; see [lann].
comhluadar
, conversation, colloquy, Ir.
[cómhluadar], company, conversation; from [luaidh], speak
([*com-luad-tro-]). See [luaidh].
còmhnadh
, help, Ir. [cúngnamh], O.Ir.
[congnam], inf. to [congniu], I help: [com]+[(g)nì], "co-doing". See
[nì], do [gnìomh], deed.
còmhnard
, level, Ir. [cómhárd]: [com]+[àrd],
"co-high, equally high".
còmhnuidh
, a dwelling, Ir. [cómhnuidhe], a
tarrying, dwelling, E.Ir. [comnaide], a waiting, delay, (also
[irnaide]): [*com-naide]; root
[nes], [nas], dwell; Gr.
naíw
, dwell,
néomai
, go,
naétes
,
inhabitant; Skr. [nas], join any one.
còmhradh
, conversation, Ir. [còmhradh];
[com]+[ràdh]; see [ràdh].
còmhrag
, a conflict, Ir. [cómhrac], E.Ir.
[comrac], battle, O.Ir. [comracc], meeting, W. [cyfrang], rencounter,
[*kom-ranko-]; root [renk], assemble; Lit. [rìnkti], assemble,
[surinkìmas], assembly.
comhstadh
, a borrowing, loan: [*com-iasad-];
see [iasad]? Cf. E.Ir. [costud], consuetudo.
compàirt
, partnership, Ir. [cómpártas]; from
[com-] and [pàirt], q.v.
companach
, companion, Ir. [cómpánach], M.Ir.
[companach]; from E.Eng. [compainoun], through Fr., from L.Lat.
[compâniô], "co-bread-man", from [pânis], bread. Dialectic
combach
.
comradh
, aid, assistance:
comraich
, protection, sanctuary, Ir.
[cómairce], [comruighe], E.Ir. [comairche], M.Ir. [comairce]; from
the root [arc], defend, as in [teasairg], q.v.
comunn
, society, company, Ir. [cumann]; from
Lat. [communio], Eng. [communion].
con-
, with; see [comh-].
cona
, cat's tail or moss crops (Sh.); see
canach. Cf. [gonan], grass roots.
conablach
, a carcase, so Ir.; for
[con-ablach]; see [con-] and [ablach]. "Dog's carcase" (Atkinson).
conachag
, a conch (M`A.); from the Eng.
concachair
, a sick person who neither gets
worse nor better (M`A.), uproar (M`F.):
cona-ghaothach
, tempest, raging gale (Hend.):
conair
, a path, way (Sh., O'B.), so Ir.,
O.Ir. [conar]:
conaire
, the herb "loose-strife", Ir.
[conair] (O'R.); see [conas].
conal
, love, fruitage (Carm.):
conalach
, brandishing (Sh.; not H.S.D.); cf.
the name [Conall], [*Cuno-valo-s], roots [kuno] (see [curaidh]) and
[val], as in [flath], q.v.
conaltradh
, conversation, Ir. [conaltra]
(O'R.; Sh.): [*con-alt-radh]? For [alt], see [alt], joint.
conas
, a wrangle, so Ir. (O'R., Sh.); from
[con-], the stem of [cù], dog: "currushness"?
conas
,
conasg
, furze,
whins, Ir. [conasg] (O'R., Sh.): cf. [conas] above. Manx [conney],
yellow furze.
condrachd
,
contrachd
,
mischance, curse, E.Ir. [contracht]; from Lat. [contractus], a
shrinking, [contraction].
confhadh
, rage, Ir. [confadh], M.Ir.
[confad]: [con]+[fadh]; for [fadh], see [onfhadh].
cònlan
, an assembly, Ir. [conlán]. H.S.D.
gives as authorities for the Gaelic word "Lh. et C.S.".
conn
, sense, so Ir., E.Ir. [cond]:
[*cos-no-], root [kos], [kes], as in G. [chì], see; Gr.
konnéw
, understand,
kósmos
, array ("what is seen"), world. See
further under [chí] for [kes]. Stokes equates [cond] with Got.
[handngs], wise; but this is merely the Eng. [handy]. It has been
suggested as an ablaut form to [ceann], head. Got. [hugs], sense,
has also been compared; [*cug-s-no-] is possible.
connadh
, fuel, so Ir., O.Ir. [condud], W.
[cynnud], Cor. [cunys], [*kondutu-]; rrot [kond], [k&ndot;d]; Lat.
[candeo], [incendo]; Gr.
kándaros
,
coal.
connan
, lust:
connlach
, straw, stubble, so Ir. O.Ir.
[connall], stipula: [konnallo-]; Lat. [cannula], [canna], a reed,
[canalis], Gr.
kánna
, reed. See
[coinnlein].
connsaich
, dispute; see under [ionnsaich].
connspair
, a disputant: [*con-desbair]; see
[deasbair].
connspeach
, a wasp, Ir. [connspeach] (Fol.);
see [speach], wasp.
connspoid
, a dispute, Ir. [conspóid]; from a
Lat. [*consputatio], for [*condisputatio]. See [deasbud].
connspunn
,
conspull
,
cònsmunn
, a hero, Ir. [conspullach], heroic (O'R.):
constabal
, the township's bailiff (Heb.);
from Eng. [constable].
contraigh
, neaptide, O.Ir. [contracht]; from
Lat. [contractus], shrinking (Zeuss, Meyer). See
condracht
and
traogh
.
contran
, wild angelica, Ir. [contran] (O'R.):
conuiche
, a hornet (H.S.D.),
cònuich
(Arm.),
conuibhe
,
connuibh
(M`L., M`A.); used by Stewart in the Bible
glosses. Same root as [conas].
cop
, foam, M.Ir., E.Ir. [copp]; from Ag.S.,
M.Eng. [copp], vertex, top, Ger. [kopf], head.
copag
, docken, Ir. [copóg], [capóg]; M.Ir.
[copóg]. Founded on the Eng. [cop], head, head-dress, crest, tuft; W.
[copog], tufted. The same as [cop], q.v.
copan
, a boss, shield boss, cup; from the
Norse [koppr], cup, bell-shaped crown of a helmet, Eng. [cup].
copar
, copper, Ir. [copar]; from the Eng.
cor
, state, condition, Ir. [cor], O.Ir.
[cor], positio, "jactus", [*koru-], vb. [*koriô], I place. See
[cuir].
còram
, a faction, a set (M`A.); from the Eng.
[quorum].
corc
, a cork, so Ir.; from the Eng.
corc
, a knife, gully, dirk, Ir. [corc]:
[*korko-], [*qor-qo-], root [qor], [qer] cut; Lit. [kirwis], axe; Gr.
kérma
, a chip,
keírw
, cut. Allied to the root [sqer] of [sgar],
q.v.
corc
, oats, Ir. [coirce], M.Ir. [corca], W.
[ceirch], Br. [kerc'h], [*korkjo-]. Bezzenberger suggests connect
with Lettic [kurki], small corn. Possibly for [kor-ko-], where [kor],
[ker] is the root which
appears in Lat. [Ceres], Eng.
[cereal], Gr.
kóros
, satiety, Lit.
[szérti], feed. The meaning makes connection with Gr.
kórkoros
, pimpernel, doubtful.
corcur
, crimson, Ir. [corcur], scarlet, O.Ir.
[corcur], purple, W. [porphor]; from Lat. [purpura] (Eng. [purple]).
còrd
, a rope, Ir. [corda]; from Eng. [cord],
Lat. [corda].
còrd
, agree, Ir. [cord]; from obsolete Eng.
[cord], agree, bring to an agreement, from Lat. [cord-], the stem of
[cor], heart, whence Eng. [cordial], etc. The Sc. has the part. as
[cordyt], agreed.
cordaidhe
, spasms (Sh.): "twistings", from
[còrd].
còrlach
, bran, refuse of grain (M`D.; O'R has
[corlach]),
còrrlach
, coarsly ground meal,
over-plus. A compound of [còrr], "what is over"?
còrn
, a drinking horn, Ir., E.Ir. [corn], W.
[corn], Br. [korn], [*korno-]; Lat. [cornu]; Eng. [horn]; Gr. [kéras],
horn.
còrnuil
, retching, violent coughing:
[*kors-no-]? For [kors], see [carrasan].
coron
, a crown, Ir., E.Ir. [coróin], [corón],
W. [coron]; from Lat. [corona] (Eng. [crown]).
corp
, a body, Ir., O.Ir. [corp], W. [corff],
Br. [korf]; from Lat. [corpus] (Eng. [corpse], Sc. [corp]).
corpag
, tiptoe (Arm.); seemingly founded on
[corr] of [corrag].
corr
, a crane, Ir., E.Ir. [corr], W.
[crychydd], Cor. [cherhit], O.Br. [corcid], ardea, [*korgsâ],
[korgjo-s]; Gr.
kérhw
, be hoarse,
kerhnc
, a hawk, O.Sl. [kraguj],
sparrow-hawk. Cf. W. [cregyr], heron, "screamer", from [cregu], be
hoarse; Ag.S. [hrágra], Ger. [reiher], heron, Gr.
krízw
,
kríke
,
screech.
còrr
, excess, overplus, Ir. [corr]; G.
corr
, odd, Ir. [cor], [corr], odd; also Ir. [corr],
snout, corner, point, E.Ir. [corr], rostrum, corner. The E.Ir.
[corr], rostrum, has been referred by Zimmer and Thurneysen to [corr],
crane - the name of "beaked" bird doing duty for "beak". The modern
meanings of "excess, odd" (cf. [odd] of Eng., which really means
"point, end") makes the comparison doubtful. Refer it rather to
[kors-], stick out, point, head; Gr.
kórsc
, head; stem [keras-]; Lat. [crista], Eng.
[crest]; further is Gr.
kéras
, horn,
Lat. [cerebrum], Norse [hjarsi], crown of the head; and also [corn],
horn, q.v. Hence
corran
, headland.
corra-biod
, an attitude of readiness to
start; from [còrr], point, and [biod] = [biog], start.
corra-beaga
(M`A.).
corrach
, abrupt, steep, Ir., M.Ir. [corrach],
unsteady, wavering; "on a point", from [corr], point, odd?
corra-chagailt
, glow-worm-like figures from
raked embers, Ir. [corrchagailt]; from [còrr], a point, and
[cagailt].
corradhuil
, first effor of an infant to
articulate. An onomatopoetic word.
corrag
, a forefinger, finger; from [còrr],
point, etc.
corra-ghriodhach
, a heron, crane, Ir.
[corr-ghrian], heron; from [còrr], and (E.Ir.) [grith], a cry, scream,
[*g&rdot;tu-], root [gar], of [goir], q.v.
corran
, a sickle, Ir. [corrán], [carrán],
M.Ir. [corrán], [*korso-], root [kors], [kers], an extension of I.E.
[qero], Gr.
keírw
, etc., as in [corc],
q.v. Cf. I.E. [qerpo], cut, from the same root, which gives Lat.
[carpo], cull, Gr.
karpós
, fruit (Eng.
harvest), Lit. [kerpu], cut, Skr. [k&rdot;pana], sword. G. may be from a
[korpso-], [korso-]. The Gaelic has also been referred to the root
[kur], round, as in [cruinn], Ir. [cor], circuit (O'Cl.).
corran
, headland; see [còrr].
corran
, a spear, barbed arrow (Ossianic
Poems); from [corr], a point, q.v.
corranach
, loud weeping, "coronach", Ir.
[coránach], a funeral cry, dirge: [co]+[ràn-ach], "co-weeping"; see
[rán].
corrghuil
, a murmur, chirping (Heb.); see
[corradhuil].
còrrlach
, coarsely ground meal, overplus; see
[còrlach].
corruich
, anger, rage, Ir. [corruighe], vb.
[corruighim], stir, shake; from [corrach]. The striking resemblance
to M.Eng. [couroux], O.Fr. [couroux] (from Lat. [corruptus]), has been
remarked by Dr Cameron (Rel.Celt. II, 625).
còrsa
, a coast; from the Eng. [course]. Cf.
còrsair
, a cruiser.
cor-shìomain
, thraw-crook; from [cor] or
[car], q.v., and [sìoman], q.v.
cos
, a foot, leg; see [cas].
còs
, a cave, Ir. [cuas], topographically
[Coos], [Coose], M.Ir. [cuas], a cave, hollow: [*cavosto-], from
[cavo-], hollow; Lat. [cavus]. It is possible to refer it to
[*coud-to], [koudh], hide, Gr.
keúqw
,
Eng. [hide], [hut]. The Norse [kjós], a deep or hollow place, is not
allied, but it appears in Lewis in the place-name [Keose].
cosanta
, industrious; see [cosnadh].
cosd
, cost, Ir. [cosdus] (n.), M.Ir.
[costus], W. [cost]; from O.Fr. [cost], Eng. [cost].
cosgairt
, slaughtering; see [casgairt].
cosgaradh
, valuation of the sheep and cattle
which a crofter is entitled to; Norse [kost-gorð], state of affairs
(Lewis).
cosgus
, cost; a by-form of [cost].
coslach
, like,
coslas
,
likeness, Ir. [cosmhuil], like, O.Ir. [cosmail], [cosmailius] (n.):
[con]+[samhail], q.v.
cosmhail
, like; see the above.>>
cosmal
, rubbish, refuse of meat, etc. (M`A.):
cosnadh
, earning, winning, Ir. [cosnamh],
defence, O.Ir. [cosnam], contentio, [*co-sen-], root [sen], Skr.
[san], win, [sangias], more profitable, Gr.
&ecom;\nara
, booty. M.Ir. [aisne], gain,
[*ad-senia], Skr. [sanati], Gr.
&acom;/numi
.
costag
, costmary; from the Eng.
cot
, a cottage; from Eng. [cot].
còta
, a coat; Ir. [cóta]; from the Eng.
cota-bàn
, a groat:
cotan
, cotton, Ir. [cotún]; from the Eng.
cothachadh
, earning support, Ir.
[cothughadh], M.Ir. [cothugud], support; from [teg], [tog], as in
[tigh]?
cothaich
, contend, strive; from [cath],
battle?
cothan
, pulp, froth; see [omhan].
cothar
, a coffer, Ir. [cófra]; from the Eng.
cothlamadh
, things of a different nature
mixed together:
cothrom
, fairplay, justice, Ir. [cómhthrom],
equilibrium, E.Ir. [comthrom], par: [com]+[trom], q.v.
cràbhach
, devout, Ir. [crábhach], O.Ir.
[cráibdech], [crabud], fides, W. [crefydd], [*krab], religion; Skr.
[vi-çrambh], trust.
cracas
, conversation; from Sc., Eng. [crack].
cràdh
, torment, Ir. [crádh], E.Ir. [crád],
[cráidim] (vb.). Ascoli has compared O.Ir. [tacráth], exacerbatione,
which he refers to a stem [acrad-], derived from Lat. [acritas]. This
will not suit the [à] of [cràdh]. Possibly it has arisen from the
root [ker], cut, hurt ([ker], [krâ]).
crà-dhearg
, blood-red, E.Ir. [cró-derg]; see
[crò].
crag
,
crac
, a fissure;
from the Eng. [crack].
craicionn
, skin, Ir. [croiceann], O.Ir.
[crocenn], tergus, Cor. [crohen], Br. [kroc'hen], [*krokkenno-], W.
[croen], [*krokno-] (?) From [*krok-kenn]: [krok] is allied to Ger.
[ru@cken], back, Eng. [ridge], Norse [hryggr]; and [kenn] is allied to
Eng. [skin]. For it, see [boicionn].
craidhneach
, a skeleton, a gaunt figure,
craidhneag
, a dried peat; for root, see [creathach],
[crìon] ([*krat-ni-]).
cràigean
, a frog, from [cràg], [cròg], q.v.:
"the well-pawed one".
craimhinn
, cancer, Ir. [cnamhuinn]; from
[cnàmh], q.v.
cràin
, a sow, Ir. [cráin], M.Ir. [cránai]
(gen. case): [*crācnix], "grunter", root [qreq], as in Lat.
[crōcio], croak, Lit. [krõkti], grunt.
cràiteag
, a niggard woman; likely from
[cràdh].
cràlad
, torment; from [cràdh-lot], [cràdh]
and [lot], q.v.
cramaist
, a crease by folding (Skye):
cramb
, a cramp-iron, Ir. [crampa]; from the
Eng.
crambadh
,
crampadh
, a
quarrel:
cràlaidh
, crawl, crawling; from the Eng.
crann
, tree, a plough, Ir. [crann], a tree,
lot, O.Ir. [crann], W. and Br. [prenn]: [*qrenn-]; cf. Gr.
kránon
, cornel, Lat. [cornus], Lit. [kéras],
tree stump, O.Pruss. [kirno], shrub (Bezzenberger). Windisch
correlated Lat. [quernus], oaken, but this form, satisfactory as it is
in view of the Welsh, rather stands for [quercnus], from [quercus],
oak.
crannadh
, withering, shrivelling, Ir.
[crannda], decrepit; from [crann]: "running to wood".
crannag
, a pulpit, a wooden frame to hold the
fir candles, Ir. [crannóg], a hamper or basket, M.Ir. [crannoc], a
wooden vessel, a wooden structure, especially the "crannogs" in Irish
lakes. From [crann]; the word means many kinds of wooden structures
in Gadelic lands.
crannchur
, lot, casting lots, Ir.
[crannchar], O.Ir. [crannchur]; from [crann] and [cuiir].
crannlach
, the teal, red-breasted merganser;
from [crann] and [lach], duck, q.v.
craobh
, tree, so Ir., E.Ir. [cróeb], [cráeb],
[*croib]? "the splittable", root [krei], [kri], separate; as [tree] of
Eng. and its numerous congeners in other languages is from the root
[der], split; and som other tree words are from roots meaning violence
of rending or splitting ([kládos], [twig], e.g.). For root [kri], see
[criathar].
craoiseach
, a spear, E.Ir. [cróisech]; from
[craobh]?
craoit
, a croft; see [croit].
craos
, a wide, open mouth, gluttony, so Ir.,
E.Ir. [cróes], [cráes], O.Ir. [crois], gula, gluttony. Zimmer cfs. W.
[croesan], buffoon. Possibly a Celtic [krapesty-], allied to Lat.
[crāpula], or to Gr.
kraipálc
,
headache from intoxication.
crasgach
, cross-ways,
crasg
, an across place; for [crosg], from [cros] of
[crois], a cross, q.v.
crasgach
, corpulent (Sh.; H.S.D. for C.S.);
from obsolete [cras], body (O'Cl.), Ir. [cras], for [*crapso-],
[*k&rdot;ps], root [k&rdot;p] of Lat. [corpus]?
cratach
, back of person, side (Skye): [crot]?
crath
, shake, Ir. [crathadh], O.Ir.
[crothim], [*k&rdot;to-]; perhaps allied to Lit. [kresti], [kratýi],
shake. But it may be allied to [crith], q.v. It has been compared to
Gr.
kradáw
, brandish, which may be for
skardáw
, root [sker] in
skaírw
, spring, Ger. [scherz], joke. This would
suit G. [crith], W. [cryd] and [ysgryd].
crè
, clay, Ir., O.Ir. [cré], g. [criad], W.
[pridd], Cor., Br. [pry]. Its relation to Lat. [crêta], which Wharton
explains as from [crêtus], "sifted", from [cerno], is doubtful. If
[cerno] be for [*crino], Gr.
krínw
, we
should have the root [kri], [krei], separate, as in [criathar], and it
is not labialised in any language (not [qrei]). The Celtic phonetics
are not easily explained, however. Stokes gives the stem as [qreid-],
but the modern G. has the peculiar [è] sound which we find in [gnè],
[cè]. This points to a stem [qrē-jâ], root [qrê], which is in
agreement with Lat. [crêta] without doing the violence of supposing
[crino] to give [cerno], and this again [crêtus]. Cf. O.Ir. [clé],
left.
crè
,
creubh
, body; see
[creubh].
crèabag
, a ball for playing, fir cone:
creach
, plunder, so Ir., E.Ir. [crech],
plundering, hosting; cf. Br. [kregi], seize, bite, catch (as fire).
From the root [ker], cut, ultimately. See [corc], knife, and
[creuchd].
creachag
, a cockle, Ir. [creach], scollop
shell (O'R.); cf. W. [cragen], a shell, Cor. [crogen], Br. [krog].
creachan
,
creachann
, bare
summit of a hill wanting foliage, a mountain: "bared", from [creach]?
creachan
, pudding mad with a calf's entrails
(M`L.):
creadhonadh
, a twitching, piercing pain
(Heb.); possibly for [cneadh-ghonadh], "wound-piercing".
creag
, a rock, so Ir.; a curtailed form of
[carraig]. Also (Dialectically)
craig
. Hence Eng.
[crag].
creamh
, garlic, Ir. [creamh], earlier [crem],
W. [craf]; Gr.
krómuon
, onion; Ag.S.
[hramse], Eng. [ramsons]; Lit. [kermúsze@?], wild garlic.
crean
,
crion
, quake, tear
up (Carm.):
creanair
, sedition (Arm.; not H.S.D.), so Ir.
(O'R.):
creanas
, whetting or hacking of sticks (M`F.;
H.S.D. considers it Dialectic), neat-handed (M`L.):
creapall
, entanglin, hindering, so Ir.; it is
an Ir. word evidently, from Lh.; founded on Eng. [cripple].
creapall
, a garter,
crepailld
(Skye); (Arm. [creapull]):
creathach
, (faded) underwood, firewood, Ir.
[creathach], hurdle, brushwood, faggots (O'R.): [*k&rdot;to-]; cf.
[crìon].
creathall
, cradle, from Northern M.Eng.
[credil], Sc. [creddle], Eng. [cradle], Ag.S. [cradol]. Further
derivation at present uncertain (Murray).
creathall
, a lamprey:
creatrach
, a wilderness, so Ir. (Lh., etc.);
M`A. gives the word, but it is clearly Ir. Cf. [creathach].
creic
, sell, M.Ir. [creicc], sale, E.Ir.
[creic], buying, O.Ir. [crenim], I buy, W. [prynn], buy; Skr.
[krînami] (do.). There seems a confusion in G. and E.Ir.with the word
[reic], sell, q.v.
creid
, believe, Ir. [creidim], O.Ir.
[cretim], W. [credu], Cor. [cresy], Br. [cridiff], [*kreddiô], O.Ir.
[cretim], W. [credu], Cor. [cresy], Br. [cridiff], [*kreddiô]; Lat.
[cred]; Skr. [çrad-dadhâmi]. From [cred-dô], "I give heart to".
creigeir
, a grapple (M`D.); from some
derivative of Norse [krækja], to hook, [krækill], a crooked stick,
Eng. [crook]?
creim
,
creidhm
, gnaw,
chew, nibble, Ir. [creimim], [creidhmim], M.Ir. [créim]. Ir. is also
[creinim], W. [cnithio], [cnoi] (which also means "gnaw"): from
[knet], [knen], [knō], [ken], bite, scratch, as in [cnàmh], q.v.
The
n
of [kn] early becomes
r
because of the
m
or
n
after the first vowel.
crein
, suffer for (W. H.. Allied to the
O.Ir. [crenim], buy: "You will [buy] for it!" See under [creic].
créis
, grease; from Sc. [creische], from
O.Fr. [craisse], [cress], from Lat. [crass], [crassus], thick. Eng.
[grease] is of like origin.
creithleag
, a gadful, so Ir. (Fol.), M.Ir.
[crebar], W. [crëyr], root [creb], scratch? Cf. Lett. [kribinát],
gnaw off. Ir. [creabhar], horse-fly.
creòth
, wound, hurt (Dialectic), Ir. [creo],
a wound (O'R.);
creonadh
, being pained: [*krevo-]
as in [crò], blood.
creubh
,
creubhag
,
cré
, the body; cf. M.Ir. [crí], [*kreivio-], flesh,
body; Got. [hraiva-], Norse [hrae], body, O.H.G. [hreô], corpse. It
is possible to refer [crí], [cré] to [*krepi-], Lat. [corpus], O.H.G.
[href], Ag.S. [hrif], body, Eng. mod-[riff]. Stokes: [crí],
[k&rdot;pes].
creubh
, dun, crave; from the Eng. [crave].
creubhaidh
, tender in health; seemingly from
[creubh].
creuchd
, wound, Ir. [créachd], O.Ir.
[crécht], W. [craith], scar, [creithen], M.Br. [creizenn] (do.),
[*crempto-]; root [kerp], [ker], Lit. [kerpù], cut, Skr. [k&rdot;pana],
sword (Strachan). Stokes gives the Celtic as [krekto-s], and Bez.
cfs. Norse [hrekja], worry. This neglects the [é] of Gadelic.
creud
, what, Ir. [creud], [créad], E.Ir.
[crét]; for [ce rét]. See [co] and [rud].
creud
, creed, Ir. [créidh], M.Ir. [credo], W.
[credo]; from Lat. [credo], I believe; the first word of the Apostles'
[Creed] in Lat.
creutair
, creature, Ir. [créatúr], W.
[creadwr]; from Lat. [creatura].
criadh
, clay, so Ir. Really the oblique form
of [cré], q.v.
criathar
, a sieve, Ir., O.Ir. [criathar],
O.W. [cruitr], Cor. [croider], M.Br. [croezr], [*kreitro-]; Ag.S.
[hridder], [hriddel], Eng. [riddle], Ger. [reiter]; further Lat.
[crîbrum] ([*kri-
&thgr;
??ro-n]); root [kri],
[krei], separate, whence Gr.
krínw
, Eng.
[critic], etc.
criachadh
, proposing to oneself; from
[crìoch], end. Cf. Eng. de[fine], from [finis] and [end], used for
"purpose".
cridhe
, heart, Ir. [croidhe], O.Ir. [cride],
W. [craidd], Br. [kreis], middle, [*krdjo-n]; Gr.
kradía
,
kardía
;
Lat. [cor], [cordis]; Eng. [heart], Ger. [herz]; Lit. [szirdis].
crìlein
, a small creel (M`E.), a box, small
coffer (H.S.D.),
crilein
(Arm., M`L.), a box, Ir.
[crilín], E.Ir. [criol], coffer, [*krêpolo].
criol
(Arran, Perth). Stokes gives the stem as [krêpo-], and Bez. adds Skr.
[çū/rpa], winnowing basket (Cf. for phonetics [lìon], and Skr.
[pûrna], full). Sc., Eng. [creel], which appears about 1400, is
usually derived hence; but as the G. form itself is doubtful, and,
from all appearance, taken from Lh., it is best to look elsewhere for
an etymology for [creel], as, through Fr., from Lat. [craticula]. The
G. [criol] exists only in Sh., who found it in Lh. See [croidhleag].
crìoch
, end, Ir. [críoch], O.Ir. [crích],
[*krîka],from the root [krei], separate, as in [criathar], q.v.
Stokes and Bezzenberger join W. [crip], a comb, and compare Lit.
[kreikti], strew, and, for sense, appeal to the Ger., Eng. [strand],
"the strewed", O.Slav. [strana], side. It has also been referred to
the root of Lat. [circus], circle, Gr.
kríkos
.
criom
, nibbling,
criomag
,
a bit; see [creim].
crìon
, little, withered, Ir. [críon], E.Ir.
[crín], W. [crin], fragile, dry, Br. [krin], [*krēno-s]; the
root [krē] appears to belong to root [kēr], [kera],
destroy, Skr. [ç&rdot;&ndot;ā/mi], break, rend, Lat. [caries], decay,
Gr.
&acom;kc/ratos
, pure, untouched, Got.
[hairus], sword. Stokes allies it to Skr. [çrâ&ndot;a], cooked, [çrâ],
cook, possibly a form of the root [kera], mix, Gr.
kéramai
, mix.
crioncanachd
, a strife, quarrelsomeness, Ir.
[críoncánachd]: an Ir. word from Lh., apparently. Perhaps
[críon-cán], "small reviling".
crionna
, attentive to small things, prudent,
so Ir. ([críonna], Con.); also dialectic
crìonda
,
which shows its connection with [crìon]. Cf. W. [crintach], sordid.
criopag
, a wrinkle, Ir. [criopóg]; founded on
Eng. [crimp], [crumple]. M`A. has
criopag
, a clew
of yarn.
crios
, a belt, girdle, so Ir., O.Ir. [criss],
[fo-chridigedar], accingat, W. [crys], shirt, E.W. [crys], belt,
M.Br. [crisaff], succingere, Br. [kreis], middle. Bez. suggests
comparison with Lit. [skritulýs], circle, knee-cap, [skreiste@?],
mantle. It has been referred also to the root [krid] of [cridhe],
heart.
Crìosdaidh
, a Christian, Ir. [Criosduighe],
M.Ir. [cristaige]; from the G. [Crìosd], Ir. [Críosda], Christ; from
Lat. [Christus], Gr.
Hriostós
, the
Anointed One.
criostal
, a crystal, so Ir; from the Eng.
criot
, an earthen vessel (Dialect, H.S.D.),
Ir. [criotamhail], earthen, made of clay (O'B.), [criot], an earthen
vessel (O'R.):
criotaich
, caress; see
cniadaich
.
criplich
, a cripple; from the Eng. [cripple].
crith
, shake, quiver, Ir., E.Ir. [crith], W.
[cryd], O.W. [crit], [*kritu-]; Ag.S. [hriða], fever, Ger. [ritten],
fever. See [crath], to which [crith] has been suggested as cognate
(root [k&rdot;t], [krot], [kret].
critheann
,
critheach
, the
aspen tree, Ir. [crann-critheach]; from [crith].
crò
, a sheep cot, pen, Ir. [cró], M.Ir. [cró
caerach], ovile, [crò na muice], pig-stye, W. [craw], hovel, pig-stye,
Br. [kraou], [crou], stable, [*krâpo-s], a stye, roof; Ag.S. [hróf],
Eng. [roof], Norse [hróf], a shed (Stokes). The Norse [kró], small
pen, Sc. [croo], seem borrowed.
crò
, the eye of a needle, Ir., E.Ir. [cró],
W. [crau], M.Br. [cräo], Br. [kraouenn]. ++
crò
,
blood, E.Ir. [cró], [crú], W. [crau], Cor. [crow], [*krovo-s]; Lat.
[cruor], gore; Lit. [kraújas], blood; Skr. [kravis], raw flesh; Gr.
kréas
, flesh; Eng. [raw]. ++
crò
, death, Ir., E.Ir. [cró]. From the same origin as
[crò], blood. This is the Sc. [cro], the weregild of the various
individuals in the Scoto-Celtic Kingdom, from the king downwards.
cròc
, beat, pound (Dialectic, H.S.D.):
cròc
, a branch of a deer's horn; cf. Norse
[krókr], Eng. [crook].
cròcan
, a crook; from the Norse [krókr], Eng.
[crook].
croch
, hang, Ir. [crochaim], [croch], a
cross, gallows, E.Ir. [croch], cross, W. [crog]; from the Lat. [crux],
[crucis].
cròch
, saffron, Ir. [cróch]; from Lat.
[crocus], from Gr.
krókos
, [crocus], and
its product saffron.
crodh
, cattle, Ir. [crodh], a dowry, cattle,
M.Ir. [crod], wealth (cattle): [*krodo-], I.E. [qordh], [qerdh]; Eng.
[herd], Ger. [herde]; Lit. [kerdz@?us], herd (man), Ch.Sl. [creda], a
herd; Skr. [çardhas], a troop.
cròdha
, valiant, Ir. [cródha], E.Ir. [cróda],
valiant, cruel, [*croudavo-s], "hardy"; root [croud] of [cruaidh],
q.v.
crodhan
, hoof, parted hoof, Ir. [crobhán], a
little hoof or paw, See [crubh].
crog
, an earthen vessel,
crogan
, a pitcher, Ir. [crogán], pitcher, E.Ir.
[crocann], olla, W. [crochan], [*krokko-]; Gr.
krwssós
, pitcher (
*krwkjos
); to which are allied, by borrowing
somehow, Eng. [crock], Ag.S. [crocca], Norse [krukka], Ger. [krug].
G. and W. phonetics (G.
g
= W. [ch].) are
unsatisfactory. Schrader derives these words from O.Ir. [crocenn],
skin - a "skin" vessel being the original.
crog
, an aged ewe; from the Sc. [crock]; cf.
Norw. [krake], a sickly beast, Fries. [krakke], broken-down horse,
etc.
cròg
, large hand, hand in paw form,
*crobhag
, Ir. [crobh], hand from wrist to fingers, paw,
hoof, O.Ir. [crob], hand. See [crubh].
crogaid
, a beast with small horns (M`A.);
from [crog]?
crogan
, a gnarled tree (Arg.); cf. [cròcan].
crògan
, thornbush (Arg.), from [cròg], W.
[crafanc], claw.
cròic
, foam on spirits, rage, difficulty,
cast sea-weed:
croich
, gallows, Ir. [croch], gallows, cross,
E.Ir. [croch], cross, W. [crogbren], gallows; from Lat. [crux],
[crucis].
cròid
, a sumptuous present (Heb.); see
[cnòid].
cròidh
, pen cattle, house corn; from [crò].
Dialectic for latter meaning is
cródhadh
.
croidhleag
, a basket, amall creel; see
[crìlein].
cròilean
, a little fold, a group; from [crò].
crois
, a cross, so Ir., E.Ir. [cross], W.
[croes]; from Lat. [crux].
crois
, a cross, so Ir., E.Ir. [cross], W.
[croes]; from Lat. [crux].
croistara
,
cranntara
, also
-tàra
,
-tarra
, the fiery cross:
[crois]+[tara]; see [crois] above. As to [tara], cf. the Norse
[tara], war (Cam.).
croit
, a hump, hillock, Ir. [croit], W.
[crwth], a hunch, harp, [croth], a protuberant part (as calf of leg),
[*crotti-]; from [krot], [kurt], root [kur], round, as in [cruinn],
[cruit], q.v.
croit
, a croft; from the Eng. [croft]. In
the sense of "vulva", cf. W. [croth], Br. [courz], which Stokes
refers to [cruit], harp; but the G. may be simply a metaphorical use
of [croit], croft.
cròlot
, wound dangerously; [crò]+[lot], q.v.
cròm
, bent, Ir. E.Ir. [crom], O.Ir. [cromm],
W. [crwm], Br. [krom], O.Br. [crum], [krumbo-]; from the same root as
[cruinn]? The Ag.S. [crumb], crooked, Eng. [crumple, Ger. [krumm],
have been compared, and borrowing alleged, some holding that the
Teutons borrowed from the Celts, and [vice versa]. Dr Stokes holds
that the Celts are the borrowers. The Teutonic and Celtic words do
not seem to be connected at all in reality. It is an accidental
coincidence, which is bound to happen sometimes, and the wonder is it
does not happen oftener.
cromadh
, measure the length of the middle
finger, Ir. [cruma], [cromadh]; from [crom].
croman
, kite, hawk, from [crom].
cron
, fault, harm, Ir. [cronaim], I bewitch;
cf. M.Ir. [cron], rebuking. The idea is that of being "fore-spoken"
by witchcraft. See next.>>
cronaich
, rebuke, Ir. [cronuighim], M.Ir.
[cronaigim], [cron], rebuking, E.Ir. [air-chron] (do.), [*kruno-]; cf.
Teut. [hru], noise, Norse [rómr], shouting, Ag.S. [hréam], a din.
crònan
, a dirge, croon, purring, Ir., E.Ir.
[cronán]. O'Curry (Mann. and Cust. III., 246) writes the Ir. as
[crónán], and defines it as the low murmuring or chorus to each verse
of
the [aidbsi] or choral singing. Sc. [croon], [croyn]
(15th century), corresponds to Du. [kreunen], groan, M.Du. [krönon],
lament, M.Low G. [kronen], growl, O.H.G. [chrônan], M.L.G. [kroenen],
chatter (Murray, who thinks the Sc. came from Low Ger. in M.Eng.
period). It seems clear that the Gadelic and Teutonic are related to
each other by borrowing; seemingly the Gadelic is borrowed.
cropan
, deformed person (Suth.); from Norse
[kroppinn], deformed. See under [crùb].
crosach
, crossing, thwarting, Ir. [crosanta];
also G.
crosan
(and
crostan
), a
peevish man; all from [cros], the basis of [crois], cross, q.v.
crosanachd
, from [crosan], poet, chorister.
crosda
, perverse, irascible, so Ir.; from the
G. base [cros] of [crois], cross.
crotal
, lichen, especially for dyeing,
cudbear: [*crottal]; [*crot-to-], from [krot], cf. Gr.
krotw/nc
, an excrescence on a tree. Hence Sc.
[crottle]. M.Ir. [crotal] means "husk" (which may be G.
crotal
above), "kernel, cymbal". In the last two
senses the word is from the Lat. [crotalum], a rattle; the Irish used
a small pear-shaped bell or rattle, whence the Ir.Eng. [crotal]
(Murray).
cruach
, a pile, heap, Ir., E.Ir. [cruach], W.
[crug], Cor. [cruc], O.Br. [cruc], [*kroukâ]; Lit. [kráuti], to pile,
[krúvi], heap; Norse [krúga], heap. Others have compared the Norse
[hraukr], a small stack, Ag.S. [hreác], Eng. [rick].
cruachan
,
cruachainn
, hip,
upper part of the hip, E.Ir. [cruachait]; from [cruach], heap, hump.
Stokes translates the Ir. as "chine", and considers it like the
corresponding Ger. [kreuz], derived from Lat. [crûcem], cross. The
Gaelic meaning is distinctly against this.
cruaidh
, hard, Ir. [cruaidh], O.Ir. [cruaid],
[*kroudi-s]; root [kreva], to be blood, raw, whence [crò], blood,
q.v.; Lat. [crûdus], Eng. [crude]. Hence
cruailinn
, hard, rocky.
crùb
, squat, crouch, Ir. [crúbadh], to bend,
crook; also G.
crùbach
, cripple, Ir. do.; from
Norse [krjúpa], to creep, kneel (Eng. [creep], etc.), [kroppinn],
crippled, root [kreup], [krup], as in Eng. [cripple], Sc. [cruppen
thegether], contracted, bowed. Cf. W. [crwb], bent.
crùb
, bed recess (Carm.):
crùban
, the crab-fish, Ir. [crúban], W.
[crwban]. From [crùb] above.
crubh
, a horse's hoof, Ir. [crobh], paw,
hoof, E.Ir. [crù], [*kruvo-], hoof; Zend [çrva], [çruva], nail, horn;
further Gr.
kéras
, horn, and [corn],
q.v. (Stokes).
crudha
, horse shoe, Ir. [crúdh]: seemingly
from the above word.>>
crùidein
, the king-fisher, Ir. cruidín>:
cruidhean
, paw (Arm.) = [crùibhean].
cruimh
, a worm, Ir. [cnuimh], O.Ir. [cruinn],
W., Cor. [pryf], Br. [prenv], [*q&rdot;mi-]; Lit. [ki??rmis], Lett.
[sérms]; Skr. [k&rdot;mis], [krímis].
cruinn
, round, so Ir., O.Ir. [cruind], W.
[crwn], Br. [krenn], [*krundi-s]; root [kuro-], circle, turn, as in
[car], q.v. Cf. Lat. [curvus]; Gr.
kurtós
, bunt,
korw/nc
, ring, Lat. [corona], Eng. [crown].
Bezzenberger cfs. the form [crundi-] from [kur] to Lat. [rotundus]
from [rota].
crùisgein
, a lamp, jug, Ir. [crúisgín]; from
M.Eng. [cruskyn], from O.Fr. [creusequin], from Teut. [krûs], whence
Eng. [cruse].
crùisle
,
crùidse
,
mausoleum, hollow vault of a church; from M.Eng. [cruddes], vault,
crypt, [crowd], by-form of Eng. [crypt].
cruit
, a harp, so Ir., O.Ir. [crot], W.
[crwth], fidicula, Late Lat. (600 A.D.) [chrotta], [*krotta]:
[krot-ta-], from [krot], [kurt], root [kur], as in G. [cruinn], round,
q.v., Gr.
kurtós
(do.): "the curved
instrument". Stokes refers it to the root [krot], strike, as in Gr.
krotéw
, rattle, clap. Hence Eng.
[crowd].
cruithneachd
,
cruineachd
,
wheat, Ir. [cruithneachd], O.Ir. [cruithnecht]: [*k&rdot;t-on-], root
[kert], [ker], cut, "that which is cut"; Lit. [kertù], cut; Gr.
keírw
, Lat. [curtus], etc. (Rhys). It
has been compared to the Lat. [Ceres], Eng. [cereal], and Lat.
[cresco], [creo], as in [cruth].
crùlaist
, a rocky hill (H.S.D., from MSS.);
from [cruaidh]? Cf. [cruailinn].
crumag
, the plant skirret; Sc. [crummock].
From Gaelic [crom] (Cameron).
cruman
, the hip bone, Ir. [crumán], hip bone,
crooked surgical instrument; from [crom].
crùn
, crown, Ir. [crún]; from M.Eng. [crune],
from O.Fr. [coronne], from Lat. [corona].
crunnluadh
, a quick measure in pipe music:
[cruinn]+[luath].
crup
, crouch, contract, Ir. [crupaim];
founded on the M.Eng. [cruppel], cripple, a root [crup], appearing in
Sc. [cruppen], contracted. See [crùbach].
crùsbal
, crucible (Hend.).
cruscladh
, wrinkling:
cruth
, form, figure, O.Ir. [cruth], W.
[pryd], [*q&rdot;tu-s], root [qer], make; Lat. [cerus], creator, [creo],
Eng. [create]; Lit. [kuriù], build; Skr. [kar], make, [k&rdot;tas], made.
cruthach
, placenta of mare:
cù
, a dog, Ir., O.Ir. [cú], g. [con], W.
[ci], pl. [cwn], Cor., Br. [ki], pl. Br. [koun], [*kuô], g. [*kunos];
Gr.
kúwn
; Lat. [canis]; Eng. [hound];
Skr. [çvâ], g. [çúnas].
cuach
, a cup, bowl, Ir. [cuachóg], O.Ir.
[cúach]: Lat. [caucus], Gr.
ka&uibre;ka
;
Skr. [koça]. It is generally held that [cuach] is borrowed from the
Lat., though phonetically they may be cognate. Thw W. [cawg] is
certainly borrowed.
cuach
, curl, so Ir.; from the above.
cuag
, an awkward curve, kink, an excrescence
on the heel; also
guag
(Dialectic): [*kouggâ],
[*kouk-gâ]; root [qeuq], bend; Skr. [kuc], bend. Lit. [kuku], hook?
cu'ag
,
cubhag
, cuckoo, Ir.
[cuach], O.Ir. [cúach], W. [côg], of onomatopoetic origin - from the
cuckoo's cry of [kuku], whence Eng. [cuckoo], Lat. [cucûlus], Gr.
kókkux
, Skr. [kôkilas], [koka].
cuailean
, the hair, a lock, curl, Ir.
[cuailen] (Stokes). This Stokes refers to a stem [*koglenno-], and
cfs. Gr.
kóhlos
, a spiral-shelled
shell-fish,
kohlías
, spiral-shelled
snail, Lat. [cochlea]. As the Gr. may be for [hóhlos], the derivation
is uncertain. Ir. [cuailín], a bundle, faggot, suggests that a
similar derivation from [cual] was used metaphorically for a "bundle
or cord of hair".
cuaille
, a club, bludgeon, Ir., E.Ir.
[cuaille], [*kaullio-]; Gr.
kaulós
,
stalk; Lat. [caulis], stalk; Lit. [káulas], a bone (Stokes). It may,
however, be for [*coud-s-lio-], from [qoud], Lat. [cûdo], strike.
cuairsg
, roll, wreathe, so Ir.; from
[cuairt], with the termination [-sqô].
cuairt
, circuit, so Ir., O.Ir. [cúairt].
Stokes gives the stem as [kuk&rdot;ti], from [kur], circle, as in
[cruinn].
cual
, a faggot, burden of sticks, Ir. [cual],
[M.Ir. [cual], heap, [*kuglo-], root [kug], [qeu&gcurly;]; Eng.
[heap]; Lat. [cumulus] (=[cub-lus]?); Lit. [kúgis], heap.
cuallach
, herding or tending cattle:
cuallach
, society, family, Ir.
[cuallaidheachd], society, [cuallaidhe], a companion:
cuan
, the ocean, Ir., M.Ir. [cuan], harbour,
[copno-]; Norse [köfn], Ger. [hafen], Eng. [haven].
cuanal
,
cuantal
, a
company, a band of singers, flocks (Carm.), E.Ir. [cúan], host,
[*koupn-], Lit. [kupa], heap, Eng. [heap](?).
cuanna
,
cuannar
, handsome,
fine, Ir. [cuanna]; also
cuanta
, robust, neat:
[*kaun-navos], from [kaun], [skaun]; Ger. [schön]. ++
cuar
, crooked, Ir. [cuar], E.Ir. [cúar], [*kukro-],
root [kuc], bend; Skr. [kucati], bend, Lit. [kuku@?], hook
(Strachan). But cf. [cuairt].
cuaradh
, paining, tormenting; cf. W. [cur],
pain, care, [curio], beat. The Dictionaries refer the word to
[ciùrr], as a Dialectic form.
cuaran
, a brogue, sock, Ir. [cuaróg], M.Ir.
[cúarán], W. [curan], a covering for the foot and leg [*kourano-],
"mocassin": [*keu-ro-]; root [keu], [ku], as in Lat. [cu-tis], skin,
Eng. [hide], Ag.S. [hýd] (*kûtí-]).
cuartach
,a fever (Arg.); from [cuairt].
cuartag
, ringworm (Hend.):
cuas
, a cave; see [còs].
ciat
, sweetheart (Carm.):
cùb
, a tumbril, box-cart; from Sc. [coop],
[coup], box-cart, etc., probably the same as Eng. [coop], basket.
Dialectic
coba
.
cùbaid
, pulipt; ultimately from Lat.
[pulpitum], a speaking platform, whence Eng. [pulpit], Sc. [poopit].
Dialectic
bùbaid
.
cùbair
, a cooper; from the Eng.
cubhag
, cuckoo; see [cu'ag].
cubhaidh
, fit, so Ir., O.Ir. [cobaid], fit,
[cubaithiu], concinnior: [*convedo-], "suiting"; root [ved], bind, as
in [feadhainn].
cùbhraidh
, fragrant, Ir. [cumhra], [cúmhra],
M.Ir. [cumra], [cumrae], E.Ir. [cumrai] (i n-aballgort chumrai);
[*com-rae]:
cubhraig
,
cubhrainn
, a
coverlet; founded on the Eng. [cover], [coverlet]. Dialectic
cuibhlig
.
cuchailte
, a residence (Arm.; not H.S.D.),
Ir., [cuclaidhe]; [*concladh-]; from [cladh], q.v.
cudaig
, the fish cuddy, young of the
coalfish, Ir. [cudóg], [códog], haddock, [*cod-do-]; Eng. [haddock]?
Sc. [cuddy], [cudden], may be of G. origin (Murray). A.so
cudainn
.
cùdainn
, a large bushel or tub; cf. Norse
[kútr], cask, Sc. [coodie], [quiddie], small tub. M.Ir. [cuidin],
[coithin], catînus, is probably from a Celt. [kotîno-], Gr.
kotúlc
, cup, Lat. [catînus], a dep vessel.
cudrom
,
cudthrom
, weight:
[*con-trom-], "co-heavy"; O.Ir. [cutrumme], similis. See [trom].
Dialectic
cuideam
.
cugann
, delicacy, "kitchen", E.Ir. [cuicen];
from Lat. [coquina].
cugan
, food (Carm.):
cugar
, mab, or wild cat (Carm.):
cugullach
, precarious, unstable (Carm.):
cuibheas
, sufficiency:
cuibheasach
, tolerable, middling, Ir.
[cuibheasach], decent, pretty good, fairly good (in health),
[cuibheas], decency, [cuibhe], decent. See [cubhaidh] for stem. The
Ir. [cuibhe] shows that it is possible to derive the word from
[*con-vesu-], root [vesu] of [feabhas].
cuibhle
,
cuibhill
, a
wheel; from Eng. [wheel].
cuìbhne
, deer's horn (Arm., M`L.), deer's
tibia (H.S.D.):
cuibhreach
, a bond, chain, so Ir., O.Ir
[cuimrech], vb. [conriug], ligo, W. [rhwym], vinculum, Br. [rum],
[kevre], [*kom-rigo-n]; [rigo-], a bond; Lat. [corrigia], shoe-lace;
M.H.G. [ric], band, string.
Stokes (rightly) now gives
root is [rek], bind, Skr. [raçana], cord, rope, [raçmi] (do.).
cuibhrig
, cover, coverlet; see [cubhraig].
cuibhrionn
, portion, so Ir., E.Ir.
[cuibrend], W. [cyfran]: [*com-rann]; see [rann].
cuicheineach
, coquetting, secretly hobnobbing
(Arg.): [co-ceann].
cuid
, share, part, Ir. [cuid], g. [coda],
O.Ir. [cuit], W. [peth], res, pars, Cor. [peth], Br. [pez], [*qezdi-],
[*qozdi-]; [qes], [qos], seemingly from the pron. root [qo], [qe] (see
[co]). Cf. Lat. [quotidie], [quota], Br. [ped], how much.
Bezzenberger compares Lit. [kede@?ti], burst, Sl. [ce@?sti], part;
root [qed]. Hence Eng. [piece]. Some have suggested comparison with
Lat. [costa], rib, Eng. [coast].
cuideachd
, company, Ir. [cuideachda], O.Ir.
[cotecht], coitio, conventus: [*con-techt]; see [teacht].
cuideag
, a spider (H.S.D.), Ir. [cuideog]
(O'R.):
cuideal
, pride (Arm.),
cuidealas
(M`A.); from [cuid]?
cuideam
, weight; see [cudrom].
cuidh
,
cuith
, inclosure
(Barra); from Norse [kué], Orkney [quoy], a pen, Orkney and Shetland
[quey], [quay], enclosed land.
cuidhe
, wreath of snow; see [cuith].
cuidhtich
, quit, requite, Ir. [cúitighim];
from Eng. [quit]?
cuidich
, assist, Ir. [cuidighim], M.Ir.
[cuitigim], share; from [cuid].
cuidridh
, common (Sh.; not H.S.D.), Ir.
[cuidri(dh)], entertainment, commons: [*con-trebi-], as in
[caidreabh]?
cuifein
, the wadding of a gun; from Sc.
[colfin].
cuigeal
, a distaff, so Ir., M.Ir. [cuigel],
W. [cogail], Corn. [cigel], Br. [kegel]; from M.Lat. [conucula], for
[colucula], from [colus]. From Lat. [conucula] comes Ger. [kunkel],
Fr. [quenouille].
cùil
, corner, recess, Ir. [cúil], O.Ir.
[cuil], W. [cil], [*kûli-]. See [cùl]
cuilbheart
, a wile, trick; from
[cùil]+[beart].
cuilbheir
, a gun; from the Eng. [culverin].
cuilc
, reed, cane, Ir. [cuilc], [*kolki-];
root [kol], as in Lat. [culmus], stalk, Gr.
kálamos
, reed, Eng. [haulm].
cuile
, an apartment where stores are kept,
O.Ir. [cuile fínda], vinaria, [*koliâ]; Gr.
kalía
, hut, Skr. [kulā/ya], hut, nest
(Stokes); from [*kol-io-], root [qel] of [ceil].
cuileag
, a fly, Ir. and E.Ir. [cuil], W.
[cylion], flies, Cor. [kelionen], Br. [quelyenen], [*kuli-s],
[kuliâno-s]; Lat. [culex].
cùileagan
, feast (in a corner) (Carm.).
cuilean
, a whelp, Ir. [cuileán] (O'B.),
[cuileann] (O'R.), E.Ir. [culén], W. [colwyn], Cor. [coloin], catulus,
Br. [kolenn], young of quadrupeds; Gr.
kúlla
=
skúlaz
, whelp
(Bez.). It may be from [cù], [*kun], dog. Ernault, [*culenos]: root
of
kúos
; M.Br. [colen], so D'Arbois.
Rhys says W. borrowed.
cuilidh
, cellar, secret place, treasury; see
[cuile].
cuilionn
, holly, so Ir., E.Ir. [cuilenn], W.
[celyn], Cor. [celin], Br. [kelenn] (pl.), [*kolenno-]; Eng. [holly],
Ag.S. [holegn]
cuilm
, a feast; Dialectic for [cuirm], q.v.
cuimein
, the plant cumin, Ir. [cumín]; from
Lat. [cuminum], Eng. [cumin].
cuimhne
, rememberance, so Ir., O.Ir. [cuman],
[cuimnech], memor, W. [cof], Cor. [cov], M.Br. [couff], [*co-men];
root [men], as in Lat. [memini], I remember, Eng. [mention], [mind],
etc.
cuimir
, brief, handsome, so Ir., E.Ir.
[cumbair], [*com-berro-]; for [berr], see [bearr].
cuimrig
, trouble; see [coimrig].
cuimse
, a mark, aim, moderation, Ir.
[cuimse]; from [com]+[meas]; see [meas]. Cf. [eirmis].
cuin
, when, E.Ir. [cuin], W., Br. [pan]; Lat.
[quum]; Eng. [when]; see [co]. The Ir. [can] (O'Cl.) is allied to
Lat. [quando], and more nearly than [cuin] to W., Br. [pan].
cuing
, a yoke, Ir., E.Ir. [cuing]:
[*con-jungi-], root [jung], [jug], as in Lat. [jungo], Eng. [joke].
For phonetics, see next.>> Stokes since gives the stem as [ko-jungi-].
cuinge
, narrowness, O.Ir. [cumce]; see
[cumhang].
cùinn
, coin; from the Eng.
cuinneag
, a pail, milk pail, Ir. [cuinneóg],
M.Ir. [cuindeog], W. [cunnog], [cynnog]; cf. Lat. [congius], a quart.
cuinnean
, a nostril:
cuinnlein
, a stalk of corn, a nostril; for
the first meaning, see [connlach]; for the second, [cuinnean] above.
cuinnse
, a quince; from the Eng.
cuinnsear
, a dagger, sword; from the Eng.
[whinger].
cuip
, a whip; from Eng. [whip].
cuir
, put, Ir., E.Ir. [cuirim], O.Ir.
[cuiriur], W. [hebgor], put aside, [*koriô], I put. The root is
likely [ker], [kor], of [cruth], q.v. For meaning cf. Lat. [facio]
and Gr.
tíqcmi
. Bezzenberger compares
it to Skr. [kaláyati], drive, bear, do, Lit. [karta], position, lie.
cuircinn
, a particular kind of head-dress for
women, Ir. [cuircín], head, crest, comb (O'R.); from [currachd]? Sc.
[courche], [curges] (pl.), a covering for a woman's head, Eng.
[kerchief]. E.Ir. [cuirce], bow, knot; which makes the Sc. and Eng.
comparison doubtful.
cuireadh
, an invitation, so Ir.; from [cuir],
q.v.
cuireall
, a kind of pack-saddle (H.S.D. from
MSS.):
cuireid
,
cuirein
, turn,
wile; from [car], q.v.
cuirinnein
, the white water-lily (H.S.D.,
which quotes only O'R.), Ir. [cuirinín] (O'R.):
cuirm
, a feast, so Ir., E.Ir. [coirm],
[cuirm], M.W. [cwrwf], W. [cwrw], beer, Cor. [coref], Gaul.
ko&uibre;rmi
, [cervisia] [*kurmen]; Lat. [cremor],
broth (Eng. [cream]; Gr.
keránnumi
, mix;
Skr. [çrâ], [ç&rdot;], cook; I.E. [kera], [kra], mix.
cuirnean
, a small heap of stones, dew-drop,
ringlet, Ir. [cuirneán], head of a pin, brooch, ringlet. In the first
sense, it is from [cárn], and possibly also in the other two senses,
the idea being "cluster, heap".
cuirpidh
, wicked, corrupt; see [coirbte],
[coirb].
cùirt
, court, Ir. [cúirt]; from the Eng.
cùirtein
, a curtain,
cùirteir
, plaiding (Dialectic); formed on Eng.
[curtain].
cùis
, cause, matter, Ir., E.Ir. [cúis], O.Ir.
[cóis]; from Lat. [causa].
cuisdeag
, the little finger (Sh., H.S.D.),
Ir. [cuisdeog] (O'R.):
cuiseag
, a stalk, kind of grass, Ir.
[coisín], a stem, stalk, little foot; from [cas], foot. But see
next.>> [di fetchoisig], "by piping".
cuisle
, pulse, vein, pipe, Ir. [cuisle],
E.Ir. [cuisli], g.pl. [cuislend], a pipe for music, O.Ir. [cusle], g.
[cuslen], [cuislennach], a piper. It has no connection with Lat.
[pulsus], and its etymology is obscure (Stokes). Cf. Eng. [hose].
cuiste
, a couch, Ir. [cúiste], [cuiste]
(O'B.); from Eng. [couch].
cuith
, a wreath of snow, a pit, Ir., E.Ir.
[cuithe], a pit, W. [pydew]; from Lat. [puteus], Eng. [pit].
cuithe
, pen for sheep (Carm.); see [cuidh].
cùitich
, quit, requite; see [cuidhtich].
cùl
, back, Ir., O.Ir. [cúl], W. [cil], Cor.
[chil], Br. [kil], [*kûlo]; Lat. [cûlus]. Hence [cùlaist], recess.
culadh
, a good condition of the body,
culach
, fat, sleek: "well-covered", from [cul] of
[culaidh]?
culaidh
, apparel, so Ir.; root [qel], [qol],
cover; Ger. [hülle], a covering, Lat. [occulo]. See [ceil].
culaidh
, boat (Suth.):
cùlag
, turf for the back of the fire, sitting
behind another on horseback, a collop; all from [cùl].
cùlan
, tresses, hair; from [cùl].
cùlaobh
, behind, the back; E.Ir. [cúlaib]
(dat.pl.), [cúlu] (acc.pl.); from [cùl]. The dat. (and acc.) pl. of
[cùl] used locatively - for rest (and motion). Compare [beulaobh].
cularan
, a cucumber, Ir. [cularán], W.
[cylor], earth nuts, Br. [coloren], earth nut. Ernault makes the
Celtic word to be [*carul-an-], and compares Gr.
kárnon
, nut.
cullach
, a boar, Ir., E.Ir. [cullach], O.Ir.
[callach], [cullach], [caullach], Br. [kalloc'h], "entire", [qellecq],
epithet for stallions and boars, [*kalluâko-s], from [*kalljo-],
testicle, W. [caill], testiculus, M.Br.
[quell]; root
[kal], hard, as in [clach], q.v., Norse [hella], flat stone, etc.
(Bezzenberger). Cf. Lat. [cuelleus], bag, scrotum, whence O.Fr.
[couillon], Eng. [cullion], testicles, Sc. [culls]. Hence
cullbhoc
, wether-goat, Ir. [culbhoc].
cullachas
, impotence,
cullach
, eunuch; from [coll, [call]; see [call].
culraoìnidh
, goal-keeper (Suth.); from [cùl]
and [raon]?
culuran
, birth-wort, cucumber; see [cularan].
cum
, keep, hold, Ir. [congbhaighim], inf.
[congmhail], O.Ir. [congabin]; from [con] and [gabh], take. The G.
[cum] is for [congv] or [congbh], and the [gv] becomes
m
as in [ìm], [ciomach], [tum], etc.
cuma
, Mcumadh>, shape, form, Ir. [cuma],
E.Ir. [cumma], vb. [cummaim]:
cumail
, keeping, Ir. [cumail], [congmhail];
inf.to [cum], i.e., [cum-gabhail].
cuman
, a
milking pail; Gr.
kúmbc
,
kúmbos
, cup; Ger. [humpen], bowl.
cumanta
, common, Ir. [cumann]; from the Eng.
[common].
cumha
, mourning, so Ir., E.Ir. [cuma]: I.E.
root [qem], [qom]; Eng. [hum], Ger. [hummen].
cumha
, a stipulation, Ir. [cumha], E.Ir.
[coma], bribe, gift, condition: [*com-ajo-], "co-saying", O.Ir. [ái],
a saying, Lat. [ajo]? See [adhan]. Cf. [cunnradh].
cumhachd
, power, so Ir., O.Ir. [cumachte], W.
[cyfoeth], power, riches, [*kom-akto], root [ag], drive, carry, Lat.
[ago], Gr.
&acom;/gw
, Eng. [act], etc.
(Stokes). The O.Ir. [cumang], potestas, is doubtless a nasalised form
of the root [ag] (=[ang]); it has been referred to the root [ang],
Lat. [angere], etc., as in [cumhang] below, but the meaning is
unsatisfactory. The word [cumhachd] has also been analysed as
[co-mag-tu-], where [mag] has been bariously referred to I.E. [meg],
great (G.
mégas
, Eng. [much]), or I.E.
[mēgh] (Eng. [may], Lat. [machina], [machine]).
cumhang
, narrow, Ir. [cúmhang], O.Ir.
[cumang], W. [cyfang], [*kom-ango-s]; root [ang]; Gr.
&acom;\gw
, choke,
&acom;/ghi
, near; Lat. [ango], [angustus]; Ger.
[eng].
cùmhlaidean
, stipulations (Hend.):
cùmhnant
, covenant; from M.Eng., Sc.
[conand], [couenant], Eng. [covenant], from O.Fr. [convenant], Lat.
[convenire]. M.Br. has [comanant], W. [cyfammod]. Dial. plurals are
cùmhlaichean
and
cùmhlaidean
.
cumraich
, cumber; from the Eng.
cunbhalach
, constant, steady, Ir.
[cungbhailteach], firm, miserly; from [cungbhail], keeping, Ir. inf.
of [cum], q.v.
cungaidh
, instrument, accoutrements:
[*con-gen-], root [gen] of [gnìomh], deed. See next.>>
cungaisich
, help, co-operate, Ir. [cunghas],
co-operation, vb. [cungnaighim], I help, [cungantach], helpful, E.Ir.
[cungnam], assistance: [*con+gníom]; see [còmhnadh].
cunnart
, danger, M.G. [cunntabhart] (M`V.),
Ir. [cuntabhairt], [contabhairt], danger, doubt, O.Ir. [cumtubart],
[cundubart], [contubart], [doubt], [*con-to-bart], root [ber], of
[beir], q.v. (Cam.).
cunnradh
,
cùnradh
,
bargain, covenant, Ir. [connradh], [cunnradh], O.Ir. [cundrad],
[cunnrath], Manx [coonrey]: [*con-rádh]; see [ràdh], say. Corm.
derives from [ráth], surety.
cunnt
, count, Ir. [cunntas], [cuntas],
reckoning, [cuntaim], I count; from the Eng.
cunnuil
, an objection (Sh.), Ir. [cunuil]
(Lh.):
cùp
, box-cart, coup; see [cùb].
cupa
, a cup, Ir. [cúpán], W. [cib]; from Lat.
[cûpa], tub, Eng. [cup], [coop], etc.
cupull
, a couple, Ir. [cúpla], [cupall], W.
[cwpl]; from M.Eng. [couple].
cur
, a placing, setting; inf. to [cuir], q.v.
curach
, a boat, coracle, Ir., E.Ir. [curach],
Irish Lat. [curucis], dat.pl. (Adamnan), W. [corwc], [cwrwg],
[cwrwgl], [*kuruko-] (Stokes); Armen. [kur], a boat, O.Sl. [korici], a
kind of vessel. The Lat. [carina] has been compared, but the vowels
are unsuitable. Hence Eng. [coracle].
cùradh
, affliction, obstacle,
curabh
(Lh.), obstacle. In the sense of affliction,
cf. [cuaradh].
curaideach
, frisky, cunning; see [cuireid].
curaidh
, a champion, Ir. [curadh], E.Ir.
[cur], g. [curad], [caur], W. [cawr], Cor. [caur], gigas, Gaul.
Kaúaros
(Polyb.), [Cavarillus], etc.,
[*kauaro-s], a hero, mighty, root [keva], [kû], be strong; Skr.
[çavîra], mighty, [çū/ra], hero; Gr.
kúrios
, lord,
k&uibre;ros
, might.
cùraing
,
cùrainn
, a
coverlet (Dialectic, H.S.D.); founded on Eng. [covering]. M`A. has
cùrainn
, plaiding (felt); of the same origin.
cùram
, care, Ir. [cúram]; from Lat. [cura].
curcag
, sandpiper, M.Ir. [cuirrcech], plover;
from [currech], a marsh (K. Meyer). See next.>>
curcais
, bulrush, so Ir. (O'B., etc.), E.Ir.
[curcas], O.Ir. [curchas], O.W. [cors], cannulos, W. [corsen], reed,
Br. [corsenn], reed, [*korokasto-], [korkasto]; Lat. [cârex] (Stokes,
Ernault). The E.Ir. [currech], a marsh, is allied, [*g&rdot;siko-],
Gaul. [*parriko-], A.S. [pearroc], Gr. [parc] (St.), Lat. [cursus].
Perhaps Eng. [hurst] (St.).
cùrr
, corner, pit, Ir. [curr], Keat. [curr],
pit, [corr], well, cistern; cf. w. [cwr], corner.
curracag
, a bubble on the surface of liquids;
see [currachd].
currachd
, hood, cap, night-cap, Ir. [currach]
(O'R.), M.Ir. [curracach], cuculatus (Stokes, Ir. Gl. 598, who
suggested connection with W. [pyrchwyn], crest of a helmet). Sc.
[curch], [courchie], Eng. [kerchief], seem to be the origin of the G.
word.
currachdag
, peat-heap (M`A.); cf. [gurracag].
curradh
, a crowding together (Macpherson's
[Ossian]):
curraidh
, exhausted (H.S.D.),
currtha
(Sh., O'B.), Ir. [currtha]; cf. [ciùrr].
curran
,
curral
, a carrot,
root, radish, Ir. [currán], any kind of tap-rooted plant (O'R., Sh.):
[*cors], head, as in [corr]? Cf. Eng. [carrot], ultimately from Gr.
karwtón
, carrot, from
kára
, head, top; [*cors] and [kar] of
kára
are ultimately from the same source.
curran
,
curral
,
horse-panniers for heavy loads; cf. Sc. [currack], [corrack] (do.),
Eng. [crooks].
currucadh
, cooing of pigeons, Ir. [currúcadh]
(O'R.), Sc., Eng. [curr], [curring]. The word is onomatopoetic.
currucag
, the lapwing: see [curcag].
currusan
, a milk-pail:
cùrsa
, course, manner, Ir. [cúrsa], from the
Eng. [course].
curta
, bad (Sh.; not H.S.D.), [curtsa]
(O'R.); from Eng. [curst], [cursed].
cus
, sufficiency, overplus:
cusag
, a wild mustard (Sh., Arm.; not
H.S.D.):
cusp
, a kibe:
cuspair
, an object, mark, Ir. [cuspóir],
M.Ir. [cuspóir] (Keat., Oss.
3
296). Dialectic
cuspair
, a customer (see [cuspunn]).
cuspunn
, custom, tribute, also
cusmunn
; founded on Eng. [custom].
cut
, hank of yarn, Ir. [cuta], one-twelfth of
a hank of yarn; from Eng. [cut].
cut
, to gut (fish); from Eng. [gut].
cutach
, bobtailed, so Ir., E.Ir. [do-chotta],
they cut short, W. [cwta]. The relationship, if any, existing between
[cut], [cutach], and Eng. [cut], is one of borrowing; the history of
Eng. [cut] is obscure, and the Celtic words mean "short, shorten", not
"to cut" with a knife. Besides, the E.Ir. appears a century and a
half earler than the Eng. (1139
v
. 1275). Stokes
has suggested a borrowing from Fr. [couteau] (= [cultellus], knife)
for the E.Ir. form. Rhys says W. is Eng. [cutty], borrowed.
cuthach
,
caothach
, rage,
Ir. [cuthach], [*koti-aca-]; root [kot], Gr.
kótos
, wrath. See [cath]. Stokes says Pict.
Skr. [kváthati], seethe, Got. [hvapjan], foam.
dà
, two, Ir. [dá], O.Ir. [dá] (m.), [dí]
(f.), [da n-] (n.), W. [dau] (m.), [dwy] (f.), Cor. [dou], [diu], Br.
[daou], [diou], (f.), [*dvâ], [*dvâu] (m.), [dvei] (f.), [dvabin]
(dat.); Skr. [dvau], [dvâ], [dve] (f., n.); Gr.
dúw
; Lat. [duô]: Got. [tuai], Eng. [two].
dabhach
, a vat, a measure of land (either one
or four ploughgates, according to locality and land), O.G. [dabach]
(Bk.of Deer), Ir. [dabhach], a vat, [*dabâkâ]; Gr.
qáptw
, bury,
táfos
,
grave; root [dhabh], [dhôbh], deepen, dig out. Cf. Lit.
[důbiú], hollow out. Bezzenberger suggests alliance with Eng.
[top], Ger. [topf]. Eng. [tub], if allied to the Ger. [zuber], is
from the root of [two], "a two-eared" vessel. Also
dabhoch
, and in place-names
Doch-
.
dàcha
, more likely; see [dócha].
dachaidh
, home (adverb), a home, Ir. [do
thigh], M.Ir. [dia tig], home, E.Ir. [dia thaig]; from [do] and
[tigh]. In Ir. the phrase is a prepositional adverb; in Gaelc it
ceases to be a phrase and becomes a welded noun.
dad
, anything, aught, tittle, M.G. [dad],
mote (in sunbeam), Ir. [dadadh], [dadamh], aught, a jot, etc.,
[*da-z-dho-], root [da], divide, Lit. [dalìs], part, Gr.
dasmós
, division? See ++[dàil]. Hence
dadmun
, a mote, and
dadum
= [dad].
dag
, a pistol; from M.Eng. [dag], a pistol,
from Fr. [dague], a dagger, whence Br. [dag]. The change of meaning
from "dagger" to "pistol" is one which occurs in the history of
"pistol" itself, for it originally meant "dagger". Eng. [dagger] is
allied.
daibhir
, poor, Ir. [daidhbhir], M.Ir.
[daidber]: [*do-adberi-], from [do-] and [adber], [*ád-bherô], Lat.
[adfero]. See [saoibhir].
dàicheil
, handsome, Ir. [dóigheamhuil], well
appointed, decent; see [dácha], [dócha], [dòigh].
daidein
, daddy, Ir. [daidín], [daid], M.Ir.
[datán], foster-father, [datnait], foster-mother, W. [tad], Cor.
[tat]; Lat. [tata]; Gr.
tétta
; Lit.
[tetýtis], Ch.Sl. [teta]; Skr. [tatás]. Eng. [dad] is borrowed from
the Welsh (Skeat).
daigeil
, firm or well-built (of a man) - Arg.
Cf. [daingean].
dail
, a wooden collar for cattle; cf. W.
[dal], a hold, catch, Br. [dal], a holding; root [dhê], [dhô], set?
Cf. Gr.
qc/kc
, repository,
tíqcmi
, place, Lat. [facîo], etc. But see
[dáil], delay.
dail
, a dale, meadow, from Norse [dalr], Eng.
[dale].
dàil
, delay, credit, Ir. [dáil], M.Ir. [dál],
gen. [dála], respite, [*dâli-]; from [dvôl], [dvel], whence Eng.
[dwell], Norse [dvöl], delay.
dàil
, a meeting, so Ir., O.Ir. [dál], O.W.
[datl], forum, W. [dadl], sermo, O.Br. [dadlou], curiæ, Br. [dael],
[*datlâ], root [dha], [dhê], set, as in [dail] (Ernault). Stokes
suggests connection with O.Sl. [dê], dicere. ++
dàil
, ++
dàl
, portion, tribe, Ir. and
O.Ir. [dáil], [dál], Bede [daal] = part, [Dalreudini], later
[Dál-riata], [Dalriada], the early Scotic kingdom of Argyle, etc:
[*dâlo-], root [dâ], divide, Gr.
datéomai
, divide,
dasmós
, division, Lit. [dalis], a part, Skr.
[dā/ti], cut off, [dalas], part. The verb
dailich
, distribute, is given in H.S.D. as a dialectic
form; the Ir. is [dáilim]. Zimmer thinks [dáil], meeting, and [dáil],
part, are originally the same.
dailgneachd
, prophetic vision. See
[tairgneachd].
dàimh
, relationship, Ir. [dámh], tribe,
family, E.Ir. [dám]: [*dâmâ], tribe, company; Gr.
d&cibre;mos
, Dor.
d&aibre;mos
, people, tribe, Eng. [demo]cracy. It is
usual to compare O.W. [dauu], cliens, W. [daw] ([dawf]), son-in-law,
M.Br. [deuff], Br. [den] (do.); but these words may be allied to Gr.
dámar
, spouse, and be from the root
[dam], [dom], house.
daingean
, strong, firm, so Ir., O.Ir.
[daingen], W. [dengyn], barbarous, [*dangeno-], firm, hard, verb
[*dengô], E.Ir. [dingim], press. Bezzenberger compares Norse
[tengja], fasten, tie together, Ag.S. [tengan], press, O.H.G.
[gi-zengi], conjunctus. Thurneysen compares W. [tengyn], obstinate,
and Gr. [tangoner], press. It is possible to connect [daingean] with
Norse [dyngja], heap, women's apartment, Ag.S. [ding], carcer, Lit.
[dengiu], cover; perhaps O.H.G. [tunc], earth-house, Eng. [dung].
dàir
, inire vaccam, Ir. [dáir], M.Ir. [dair],
[*dârô], root [dh&rdotmacr;-], [dhoro], Gr.
qrw/skw
, spring,
qorós
, semen viri, Skr. [dhā/ra], stream,
seed.
dairireach
, rattling noise, E.Ir.
[der-drethar], cries, W. [dâr], noise, [daredd], tumultuous noise,
root [der], [dher], as in Gr.
qr&cibre;nos
,
dirge, Skr. [dhra&ndot;], sound, Eng. [drone]. See [dùrd] and
[stairirich].
dais
, a heap of hay or peats, O.Ir. [ais], a
heap, W. [dâs], O.W. [das], M.Br. [dastum], to mass, [*dasti-] (for
G. and W.); Ag.S. [tass] (whence Fr. [tas]). Bezzenberger and Stokes
correlate it with Norse [des], hay heap, Sc. [dass].
dais
,
dois
, a blockhead
(H.S.D.),
daiseachan
, insipid rhymer (Arm.);
seemingly borrowed from the Sc. [dawsie], stupid, [dase] stupefy. For
root, see [dàsachd]. Norse [dasi], lazy fellow.
dais
, a musical instrument:
daithead
, a diet; from the Eng. See [dìot].
dala
, one of two; see under [dara].
dall
, blind, Ir., E.Ir. [dall], W., Br.
[dall], Cor. [dal], [*dvalno-], I.E. [dhv&ldot;-no-]; Got. [dvals],
foolish, Eng. [dull]; Lat. [fallo], cheat (= [dhalnó]); Gr.
qolerós
, turbid. Hence [inter alia],
dallag
, a field shrew, a mole, Ir. [dallóg].
dallanach
, a winnowing fan; from [dall].
dalma
, bold, forward, obstinate: "vigorous"?,
root [dh&ldot;] in [duille].
dalta
, foster-son, god-son, O.G. [dalta]
(Bk.of Deer), Ir. [dalta], O.Ir. [dalte], [*daltaio-s], root [dhê],
[dhêl], suck; Gr.
q&cibre;lus
, female; Lat.
[fêlo], suck, femina; etc. (Stokes, Strachan). See [deoghail]. It
has been usual to refer [dalta] to the root [al] of [altram], the
d
being considered as the remains of [de], the
prepositional prefix ([*de-altjo-s]).
dàm
, a dam; from the Eng.
dàmais
, draughts,
bord
dàmais
, draught board; from the Sc. [dams], [dambrod], Ger.
[dambrett], from Fr. [dame], dame, draughts, Lat. [domina].
damh
, ox, stag, so Ir., O.Ir. [dam], Cor.
[da], dama, M.Br. [dauat], sheep, Br. [danvad], sheep, [demm], roe,
[*damo-s]; Lat. [dâma], [damma], deer; Gr.
damálcs
, a stier,
dámalis
, a calf; Skr. [damya], untamed stier.
Allied is Eng. [tame], Lat. [domare], Eng. [domestic], etc.
dàmhair
, rutting time; for [damh-dhàir], from
[damh] and [dàir] (H.S.D.).
dàmhair
(H.S.D.),
damhair
(Sh., Arm.), earnest, keen:
damhan-allaidh
, spider, Ir. [damhán-alla],
O.Ir. [damán n-allaid] (g.pl.), "wild little deer"; see [damh] and
[allaidh].
damnadh
, cursing, condemnation, so Ir., M.Ir.
[damnad]; from Lat. [damnatio].
dàn
, fate, destiny, Ir. [dán]; cf. M.Ir.
[dán], gift, W. [dawn], gift, talent, Lat. [dônum], root [dó], Gr.
dídwmi
, give, Skr. [dâ], give.
dàn
, a poem, Ir. [dán], song, O.Ir. [dán], g.
[dáno], ars. [*dâsnu-], root [dâs], know; Gr.
dc/nea
, plans, arts,
dac/mon
, skilful; Ch.Sl. [danhanh], wisdom; Skr.
[damsána], miracle (Stokes).
dàn
, bold, Ir. [dána], O.Ir. [dáne], [dána],
[*dâsnavo-s], from the root of [dán] above (Stokes).
danns
, dance (thou),
dannsa
,
damhsa
, a dance, Ir.
[damhsa], W. [dawns]; from the Eng.
dao
, obstinate, O.Ir. [doe], g. [doi],
tardus, [*dausio-s]; Ag.S. [dysig], foolish, Eng. [dizzy], O.H.G.
[tusîc], stultus, Ger. [thor], foolish (Stokes, Windisch).
daobhaidh
, wicked, perverse (Heb.); see
[dao].
daoch
, strong dislike, horror,
daochan
, anger (Sh.):
daoi
, wicked, a wicked man, Ir. [daoi], a
wicked or foolish person; opposite of [saoi] (with [do-], [*du-]),
which see for root.
daoimean
, a diamond; from the Eng.
daol
,
daolag
, a beetle,
Ir. [daol], E.Ir. [dael], [doel], [dail]: [*daoilo-], root [dei],
[di], as in [dian], q.v. Stokes connects with M.Ir. [dael],
grightsomeness, root [dvei], fright, Gr.
déos
, a fright, Skr. [dvis], hate.
daolair
, a lazy man, a niggard, Ir. [daol],
lazy (O'R.):
daonnan
,
daondan
,
continually, always [*d'aon-tan] (?), "from one time". Cf. [greis].
daor
, enslaved, so Ir., O.Ir [dóir]; opposite
of [saor] (with negative (do), [*du-]), which see for root.
daor
, dear, Ir. [daor], [daoradh], making
dear (Four Masters); from M.Eng. [deere], [deore], dear (Stokes).
daorach
, intoxication; cf. Sc. [deray],
mirthful noise at a banquet, M.Eng. [derai], disorder, from Fr.
[desroi], dis-[array].
dar
, when (conj.), Northern form for
'n uair
; probably [d'uair] = [do-uair].
dara
, second, so Ir.; M.G. [darle] (Oss.
Ballad, Fernaig MS), [*ind-araile], "the other", from [ind] = [an],
the, and O.Ir. [araile], alius = [ar]+[aile], [air]+[eile], q.v.,
[alalijos], Br. [arall]. Also
an dala
, the one of
two, O.Ir., [indala], from [ind] and [aile], that is [an] and [eile].
Further,
dàrna
(= [dala]), E.Ir. [indarna],
[*ind-araile n-ai], the one of them (two), O.Ir. [indala n-ai], where
[ái], eorum, is the pl. of
a
, his.
darach
, oak, Ir. [dair], [darach], E.Ir.
[dair], gen. [darach], W., Cor. [dar], [*darik-]; Lat. [larix], Eng.
[larch]; Gr. (Maced.)
dárullos
, oak,
dr&uibre;s
(do.), [dóru], spear; Eng.
[tree], etc. Hence
darach
, body of a boat.
darcan
, the hollow of the hand (Dialectic,
H.S.D.); cf. [deàrna].
darcan
, a teal:
dàrna
, one of two; see under [dara].
darnaig
, darn, darning; from the Eng.
[darning], which is itself from W. [darn], piece, patch (root [dera],
split, Eng. [tear]).
dàsachd
, rage, madness, M.G. [dásacht]
(M`V.), Ir. [dásachd], O.Ir. [dásacht], insania; Ag.S. [dwáes],
foolish, Sc. [dawsie], Du. [dwaas], senseless (Strachan).
dath
, colour, Ir., E.Ir. [dath], [*datu-];
from the root [dha], [dhê], place, as in [dail], etc.?
dàth
, singe, Ir. [doghaim], E.Ir. [dóthim],
inf. [dóud], [daif] (n.), Br. [deuiff], to burn, [*daviô], I burn;
Gr. [daíw], burn; Skr. [du], [dunóti], burn, [davas], a brand.
dathas
, fallow deer;
damhasg
,
dabhasg
; from
[damh]+[seasg] (?).
de
, of, Ir. [de], O.Ir. [de], [di], O.W.
[di], W.
y
, Cor. [the], Br. [di], [*de], [*di],
[*dê]; Lat. [dê]; from [dvê], a case-form from [dvô], two. Gaelic and
Irish confuse this prep. with [do], to; a confusion
which even extends to O.Ir. in pre-accentual [de] compounds. Hence
do
of the past tenses: [do chaidh], went, i.e.,
[deach]; [do rinn], did, from [do-gníu], I do, etc.
dé
, what; also
gu dé
; a
curtailed form of [ciod è], "what is it"; from [ciod] and [è], q.v.
Ir [caidé], Galway [godé].
dé
,
an dé
, yesterday, Ir.
[ané], ([andé]), O.Ir. [indhé], W. [y ddoe], Br. [deac'h], M.Br.
[dech], [*sendi-gesi], art. [an] and [*gesi]; Lat. [heri] (= [*hesî]);
Gr.
hqés
; Eng. [yesterday]. The Celtic
forms are all influenced by the word for "to-day", G. [an diu], O.Ir.
[indiu], W. [heddyw], [dyw]; from [diu], [*divo], day, q.v. Zimmer in
fact refers the word to the root of [diu] (Zeit.
30
17). [*jesi], [ghjesi], [heri], etc. (St.).
dé
:
teine dé
, M.Ir. [tene
díait], lightning; [*deia], shine with [-anti] or [-anta] (n.) (St.).
dèabh
, drain, dry up,
dèabhadh
(pronounced [dè-u], shrinking (as the staves
of a wooden vessel), Dialectic
deò
; I.E. [dhevo-],
run, Eng. [dew], Gr.
qéw
, run, Skr.
[dhav], run, flow.
deacaid
, boddice, jacket; from Eng. [jacket].
deacair
, difficult, surly, Ir. [deacair],
O.Ir. [deccair]; for [di-acar]: prep. [de] and [acar], as in [socair],
q.v.
deach
, went; the post-particicle or enclitic
form of [do chaidh], q.v. Ir. [deachaidh], O.Ir. [dechud].
deachd
, dictate, so Ir., [deachdadh] (n.);
from Lat. [dicto], [dictatio], whence Eng. [dictation].
deagh
, good, Ir. [deagh], O.Ir. [deg-],
[dag-], W. [da], Cor. [da], bonum (gl.), Gaul. [Dago-], [*dago-],
[*dego-], "good, acceptable"; Gr.
déhesqai
, receive. Further allied to Gr.
dexiós
, right,
dékomai
receive; Lat. [dexter], right, [decus],
[doceo]; Gaelic [deas], O.Ir. [dech], best (superlative to [deagh] or
[maith]).
deaghad
, living, diet, morals (Uist); see
[dìot].
deaghaidh
: see [déidh].
deal
, friendly (H.S.D., M`E.); see [dìleas].
deal
,
deala
, a leech, Ir.
[deal], a blood-sucker (O'R.); from I.E. root [dhê], suck, as in
[deoghail], q.v. Cf. Lit. [de@?le@?], leech; also Ir. (and G. in
Dict. therefrom)
deala
, teat, E.Ir. [del].
dealaich
, separate, Ir. [dealuighim], E.Ir.
[deligim], [deil], separation; I.E. [delo-], to split, Skr. [dalítas],
split, Gr.
déltos
, tablet, Lit.
[dalis], part. Cf. ++[dàil], part.
dealan
,
dealanach
,
lightning, Ir. [dealán], spark, flaming coal, [*dilo-]: root [di],
[dei] ([dêi]), [deya] (Fick), shine; Gr.
déelos
(=
déj-elos
), conspicuous,
d&cibre;los, clear; Skr. [dî
, shine; further is
[*dei-vo-s], whence G. [dia], etc. M.Ir. [tene-gelain], "lightning",
now "will o' the wisp"; [tene-gelan], fireflaught.
dealan-dé
, butterfly, Ir. [dalán-dé],
[dealán-dé]. The G. also means the phenomenon observed by shirling a
stick lighted at the end. Apparently the meaning is "God's fire".
For [dé], see [dia].
dealan-doruis
, door-bolt (Sh., O'R.); see
[deil].
dealas
, zeal,
dealasach
,
zealous; from the Eng. [zeal], [zealous].
dealbh
, form, so Ir., O.Ir. [delb], W.
[delw], Br. [-delu], [*delvo-], root [del]; Lat. [dolare], hew,
[dolo], a pike; Gr.
daidállw
, embellish,
work cunningly; O.H.G. [zol], log; Ch.Sl. [dely], vat.
dealg
, a pin, skewer, so Ir., O.Ir. [delg],
M.W. [dala], sting, fang, W. [dal], a catch, Cor. [delc], monile,
[*delgos]; Ag.S. [telgan] virgultum, twig, Du. [telg], M.H.G. [zelge],
Norse [tjálgr], a prong; Lit. [dalgís], scythe (?). Bezzenberger
compares Norse [dálkr], a cloak pin; cf. Ag.S. [dalc], buckle.
dealradh
, brightness, so Ir., E.Ir.
[dellrad], jubar; from [deal-], as in [dealan], q.v.
dealt
, dew, Ir. [dealt], M.Br., Br. [delt],
moist, damp:
dealunn
, loud barking (H.S.D.); see
[deileann].
deamhan
, a demon, so Ir., O.Ir. [demon]; from
Lat. [daemon], from Gr.
daímwn
, Eng.
[demon].
deamhais
,
deimheis
,
shears, Ir. [deimheas] (pronounced [díos]), E.Ir. [demess],
[*di-mess], "two-edged"; from [di] of [da], two, and E.Ir. [mess],
edge (Cormac's Gl.), "cutter", from root [met], mow, cut, as in
[meath], [meith], cut, prune, Lat. [meto]. Cf. Gaul, [mataris].
déan
, do, Ir. [déan] (imper.), O.Ir. [dén],
[dénim]: enclitic or post-particle form of O.Ir. [dogníu], G. [nì], I
do; from [de], of, and [gnî] of [gnìomh], q.v. Inf.
dèanamh
(= [de-gnîmu-]).
deann
, haste, speed; cf. E.Ir. [denmne],
haste, which Cormac explains as [di-ainmne], "non-patience", from
[ainmne], patience; root [men], wait (Lat. [maneo], etc.).
deannag
, a small pinch, a grain,
deannach
, mill dust, Ir. [deanóg], a pinch, grain:
deannal
, conflict, stir, so Ir. (O'R.); from
[deann]. In the sense of "flash" (H.S.D.),
deannal
seems a metathetical form of [dealan].
deanntag
, a nettle, Ir. [neantóg], M.Ir.
[nenntóg], E.Ir. [nenaid], [*nenadi-], for [*ne-nadi], a reduplicated
form; Ag.S. [netele], Eng. [nettle]; Lit. [néndre@?], pipe, tube. The
t
of G. and Ir. is due to the same phonetic law
that gives [teine] the pl. [teintean].
dearail
, poor, wretched, Ir. [dearóil], E.Ir.
[deróil], feeble, O.Ir. [deróil], penuria, from [der-], privative
prefix (see [deargnaidh]), and [óil], abundance, which Windisch has
referred to [*pâli-], a form of the root [p&ldot;], [pel], full, as in
[lán].
dearbadan
,
dearbadan-dé
,
butterfuly (M`D., H.S.D.):
dearbh
, certain, so Ir., O.Ir. [derb],
[*dervo-]; I.E. [drevo-], whence Ag.S. [treówe], Eng. [true], Ger.
[treu].
dearc
,
dearcag
, a berry,
so Ir., O.Ir. [derc], [*derkes-], Skr. [drâkshâ], grape, vine
(Stokes); root [derk], see, the idea being "conspicuous". Cf. Gr.
drákwn
, dragon,
dorkás
, gazelle, from the root [derk], see. See
[dearc], behold. The O.Ir. [derucc], g. [dercon], glans, is, like
Ger. [eichel], glans (from [eiche], oak), from the root of [darach],
oak (Zimmer).
dearc
,
dearc-luachrach
, a
lizad, Ir. [earcluachra], the "[earc] of the rashes", M.Ir. [erc],
speckled, red, Ir. [earc], salmon, W. [erch], fuscus, darkish,
[*erko-s], for [perko-]; Gr.
perknós
,
dark-blue,
pérkc
, a perch; Skr.
[p&rdot;çnis], speckled; Ger. [forelle], a trout, O.H.G. [forhanna]. For
meaning, cf. [breac], a trout, "the speckled one". The
d
of G. [dearc] belongs to the article. ++
dearc
, an eye, a cave, hole, Ir. [dearc] (do.), O.Ir.
[derc] (do.); from the root [derk], behold. See verb [dearc]:
"eye-pit" gives the meaning "cave". Shaw has [deirc] for "pit" in
Engl.Gael. section.
dearc
, behold, see, Ir. [dearcaim], O.Ir.
[dercaim], video, [derc], eye, [*derkô], I see, perfect [*dedorka]
(cf. [chunnairc] = [con-darc] I.E. [derk], see; Gr.
dérkomai
,
dédorka
,
have seen; O.H.G. [zoraht], bright; Skr. [darç], see.
dearg
, red, so Ir., O.Ir. [derg],
[*dhergo-s]; Eng. [dark], Ag.S. [deorc].
deargad
,
deargant
, a flea,
Ir. [deargán], [dreancuid], [deargnuid], E.Ir. [dergnat]:
[*derg-nat], "reddener", from [dearg], red?
deàrgnaidh
, unlearned (Arm.; M`A. says
"Irish"), Ir. [deargnaidh], [*der-gnadi-]; from [der-], privative
prefix ([di]+[air], see [de] and [air]), and root [gnâ], [gen], know,
as in [aithne].
deàrlan
, brimful; [*der-lán]; from intensive
prefix [der] (= [de]+[ro]) and [làn], full.
dearmad
, neglect, forgetfulness, so Ir.,
O.Ir. [dermet], [*der-mét]; from [der-], priv. particle (see
[deàrgnaidh]) and [mét], [*mento-], mind; root [men], think; Lat.
[mens], [mentio], [commentum]; Eng. [mind]; etc.
dearmail
, anxiety (M`D.), anxious (H.S.D.):
deàrn
, do, Ir. [deárnaim], O.Ir. [derninn],
facerem, [*di-ro-gnî-], a side form of [dèan] with infixed [ro]. See
[dèan].
deàrna
, the palm of the hand, Ir. [déarna],
E.Ir. [derna]; cf. Gr.
d&wibre;ron
, palm,
handbreadth,
dáris
, the distance between
the thumb and little finger, a span (Hes.),
dare&ibcom;r
, the distance between the big and little
fingers (Hes.). It is further referred to the I.E. root [der], split,
open (Fick, Prellwitz).
dearras
, keenness, obstinacy; see [diarras].
deàrrsach
, a swig of liquor (Wh.):
deàrrsadh
, radiance, effulgence, Ir.
[dearsgaim], [dearsgnaim], I polish, burnish, M.Ir. [dersnaigim],
explain, make clear, [*de-ro-sec-], root [sec], see, Eng. [see]?
Hence
deàrrsgnuìdh
burnished, brilliant. The word
++
deàrsgnaidh
, excellent, is allied to O.Ir.
[dersigem], præcellimus, [dirósci], excels, [doroscai], præstet,
[*di-roscag-] (Thur.), [*roscag] = [ro-od-sec-], root [sec], pass, as
in [seach]? E.Ir. [dersciagthech], splendid.
deas
, right, south, Ir. [deas], O.Ir. [dess],
W. [deheu], Cor. [dyghow], M.Br. [dehou], [*dekso-s], [*deksivo-s]
(Stokes); Lat. [dexter]; Gr.
dexiós
;
Got. [taihsva]; Lit. [deszine@?] (n.), Ch.Sl. [des&ibreve;nŭ],
right; Skr. [daksina-s].
deasbair
, a disputant,
deasbaireachd
, disputation, Ir. [deaspoirim] (O'R.,
Sh.); cf. [cuspair].
deasbud
, a dispute; from the Eng. [dispute],
Lat. [disputo].
deasgainn
, rennet, barm,
deasgadh
, lees, yeast, Ir. [deasgadh], lees, O.Ir.
[descad], faex, fermentum, leaven [*desc-âtu] (Z. 803): [*disc-atu-];
cf. Lat. [faex], for [ðaix]. Gaelic root [dik], whence [dik-sko],
then [desc-].
deasgraich
, a terogeneous mass (=
[dreamsgal], H.S.D.):
deasmaireas
, curiosity,
deasmas
(Sh.), Ir. [deismireach], [deismis], curious
(O'B., O'R.):
deasoireach
, spicy (Sh., H.S.D.):
deat
, an unshorn year-old sheep or wedder,
deathaid
, [*det-anti-], "sucking one"; from [det],
[de], suck. See [deoghail].
deatam
, anxiety; cf. O.Ir. [dethitiu],
[dethiden], care. For root, see [dìdean]. M`A. has also
deatamach
, necessary, which seems allied.
deathach
,
deatach
, smoke,
Ir., M.Ir. [deatach], O.Ir. [dé], g. [diad], E.Ir. [dethach],
[detfadach], smoky, W. [dywy], vapour. From I.E. root [dhêu], [dheu],
[dhu], [dhve], smoke, air; Lat. [fûmus], smoke; Gr.
qumiáw
, to smoke; Ch.Sl. [dymŭ] (n.); Skr.
[dhûmas]. Ir. [dé] is for [dīvâ], from [dhêu], or [dhêv]; the
gen. [diad] is phonetically like the nom. [biad], food ([*bivoto-n]).
The form [deatach] is probably for [*dett-acos], [dett] being from
[dhve] (cf. Gr.
qeós
, for
qes-ós
, from [dhve-s-]). The
t
(= [tt]) of [deatach] is difficult to account for.
For phonetics cf. [beathach].
déibhleid
, a feeble or awkward person, M.Ir.
[déblén], E.Ir. [dedblén], weakling, from [dedbul], weak; the opposite
of [adhbhal], q.v. ([di-adbul]). Stokes allows the alternate
possibility of it being from Lat. [dêbilis]; see [dìblidh].
deic
(
cha deic
),
convenient; cf. O.Ir. [tecte], becoming, [anas tecte], quod decet:
deich
, ten, so Ir., O.Ir. [deich n-], O.W.
[dec], W. [deg], Cor. [dek], Br. [dec], [*dek&ndot;]; Lat. [decem]; Gr.
déka
; Got. [taihun], Eng. [ten]; Skr.
[dáçan].
deicheamh
, tenth, O.Ir. [dechmad], W.
[decvet], Cor. [degves], Br. [decvet], [*dek&mdot;meto-s] (Brug.), an
extension (by the superlative suffix -to-) of [*dek&mdot;mo-s], Lat.
[decimus].
déide
,
déideadh
,
toothache, Ir. [déideadh]. See [deud].
déideag
, a pebble, toy; cf. [éiteag].
déidh
, desire; a noun formed from the
adverbial phrase [an déidh], after.
déidh
,
an déidh
, after,
Ir. [a n-diaigh], O.Ir. [i n-dead], post, E.Ir. [i n-diaid], from
O.Ir. [déad], finis, W. [diwedd], finis, Cor. [deweth], Br. [diuez],
[*dê-ved-on] (Stokes); from the root [ved], lead, as in [toiseach],
q.v. (Stokes prefers [ved] of [feadhainn]. Also
deidh
,
déigh
, the latter a bad form
etymologically. The O.Ir. had also the form [degaid] (= [di-agaid]),
the opposite of [i n-agid], now [an aghaidh], against, adversus.
deidhinn
,
mu dheidhinn
,
concerning, of; cf. E.Ir. [dágin], [daigind], [im dágin], because of,
because, [dáig], [déig], for the sake of, because (prep. and conj.),
O.Ir. [dég], quia. See [dòigh].
deifir
, haste, speed, Ir. [deifir],
[deithfir], M.Ir. [deithbhireach] (O'Cl.), speedy, busy; to which
Stokes and Ernault compare W. [difrif], serious, M.Br. [adevry],
seriously.
deigh
, ice, Ir. [oighear], snow,
[leac-oighir], ice, O.Ir. [aig], g. [ega], [aigred], W. [ia], Cor.
[iey], glacies, Br. [yen], cold, [*jagi-], ice; Norse [jaki], piece of
ice, [jökull], iceberg, Ag.S. [gicel], piece of ice, Eng. [icicle] (=
[ís-gicel]); Lit [iz@?as], ice lump. The
d
of G.
is prothetic, arising from the art.: O.Ir. [ind-aig].
deighlean
, a quire of paper (Sh., O'B.), Ir.
[deighleán]:
deil
, an axle, Ir. [deil], an axle, rod,
turner's lathe, O.Ir. [deil], rod, Cor. [dele], antempna, O.Br.
[deleiou], antemnarum, Br. [delez], [*deli-], [*deljo-]; I.E. root
[del], split. See [dealaich]. Stokes refers it to the root [dhel],
whence Ger. [dolde], umbel, O.H.G. [tola], racemus, Gr.
qálos
, a short twig; as in [duileag], q.v.
deil
,
dil
, keen, diligent
(Arg.); formed from [dealas], zealous.
deil
, leech; Dialectic for [deal].
deilbh
, a forming, warping (for weaving), so
Ir.; see [dealbh].
déile
, a plank, deal; from the Eng. [deal].
deileann
, loud, sharp barkings, E.Ir.
[deilm], stem [delmen], noise, alarm:
deileas
, a grudging, eagerness; see [dealas].
deilgneach
, thorny, prickly, Ir.
[deilgneach], thorns; from [dealg].
Cadal-deilgneach
, the prickly sensation in a numbed
limb.
déilig
, deal with, a dealing; from Eng.
[dealing].
deillseag
, a slap with the open hand,
déiseag
:
deiltreadh
, gilding, lacquering;
[*deilt-rad], from ++
deilt
, separation, root [del]
of [dealaich]?
deimheis
, a shears; see [deamhais].
deimhinn
, certain, Ir. [deimhin], O.Ir.
[demin], [demnithir], certius, [*demeni-], I.E. root [dhê], set, fix,
[dhemen-], setting, Gr.
qémenai
, set,
qéma
, a pledge, theme,
qémis
, law, "something laid down"; Eng. [doom],
[deem]; etc.
déine
, eagerness; see [dian].
deir
,
a deir
, says (said),
inquit, Ir. [deirim], O.Ir. [adbeir], dicit; [deir] is the
root-accented fort ([*ad-bérô]) of [abair] (the prepositional
accuented form, [*ád-berô]). See [abair]. The
a
of [a deirim] belongs to the [ad-], while the
d
of it takes the place of
b
in the root ([ber]).
déirc
, alms, so Ir., M.Ir. [déarc],
[desheirc], O.Ir. [dearc], [deircc], [desercc] (caritas), for
[de-shercc]; see [searc], love.
deireadh
, end, so Ir., O.Ir. [dered], O.G.
[derad] (Bk.of Deer): [*der-vedo-n], root [ved] as in [déidh], q.v.?
Ascoli suggests that [der] is the basis, the opposite of [er], front,
from the proposition [air] ([*pare]). Hence
deireas
, injury.
déis
,
an déis
, after, so
Ir., O.Ir. [di éis], retro, O.G. [daneis], after them ([di-an-éis]),
O.Ir. [éis], footstep, track, [*in-sti], root [sto], [sta], stand,
Lat. [instare]? Strachan gives the stem as [*encsi-], from [eng],
footstep, as in [eang], q.v.; Stokes takes it from [*pend-ti], root
[ped], as in [eadh], Eng. [foot].
deis-dé
, a sanctuary, halting place, halt
(Wh.); [dess dé], "God's right hand" (K.Meyer in "King Eochaid").
deisciobul
, a disciple, Ir. [deisciobal],
O.Ir. [descipul], W. [dysgybl], Br. [diskibil]; from Lat.
[discipulus].
deise
, a suit of clothes; from [deas]. Ir.,
M.Ir. [deise], a robe; E.Ir. [deis], entourage of chief. Cf. for
meaning Eng. [suit].
déiseag
, a slap; see [deillseag].
deiseil
, southward, sun-ward, E.Ir. [dessel];
from [deas] and [sel] ([*svel]), W. [chwyl]. See [deas] and [seal].
deismireach
, curious; see [deasmaireas].
déistinn
,
déisinn
,
disgust, Ir. [déistion], edge (set the teeth on edge), disgust. Cf.
M.Ir. [déistiu], refuse of everything, posterity, from [déis]?
deithneas
,
deithneamhach
,
etc.; from [déine], from [dian].
deò
, breath, Ir. [deó] in [gu deo], ever,
[*dveso-]; I.E. [dhves], breathe; W. [dywy]? Lit. [dve@?sti], breath,
[dváse@?], spirit, breath, Russ. [dvochati]; Gr.
qeós
, god (=
qes-ós
); M.H.G. [getwâs], ghost.
deoch
, a drink, Ir. [deoch], g. [dighe],
O.Ir. [deug], g. [dige], [*degu-]. To [degu-] Bezzenberger cfs. Lit.
[daz@?ýti], dip, wet, tinge. W.
[diod], M.Br. [diet],
are referred by Stokes to the root [dhê], suck, as in [deoghail], or
to [*dê-patu] (Lat. [potus]).
deòdhas
,
deòthas
,
eagerness, desire (
deothas
, M`F., O'R.); from
[dhevo-], Gr.
qéw
, run,
qumós
, soul, etc. See [deathach].
deoghail
, suck, Ir. [diuilim], [deolaim],
M.Ir. [diul] (n., dat.), [*delu-], root [del] as in [deal], leech;
I.E. [dhê], suck; Lat. [fêlare], suck, [fêmina], woman, "suck-giver";
Gr.
q&cibre;lus
, female,
qclc/
, teat,
qclázw
, suck; Skr. [dháyati] (do.). The Breton
forms show
n
; Br. [dena], suck. See [dìonag].
deòidh
,
fa dheòidh
, at
last, finally, Ir. [fá dheoidh], O.Ir. [fo diud], postremo; dat. case
of O.Ir. [déad], end. See [déidh] for derivation.
deòin
, assent, Ir., E.Ir. [deóin], [*degni-];
I.E. root [deg], [degh]; Gr.
dokéw
,
seem,
dóxa
, opinion,
didahc/
, teaching, Lat. [doceo], [doctrina], etc.
See [deagh], good.
deóradh
, an alien, Ir. [deóraidh], a
stranger, exile, M.Ir. [deorad]. Stokes thinks the word is borrowed
from Brittonic - Br. [devroet], depaysé, "dis-countrified"
([di-brog-], see [brugh]), Cor. [diures], exul. [deòradh]: opposite
of [urradh], guarantor, = [di-urradh] (Jub.). [air-rad] (Meyer).
Hence the name [Dewar].
dethein
, a heated boring iron: [*déthéine],
the accent being on the second portion [teine], fire. For [dé], see
[dealan-dé].
detheoda
, henbane (M`D.):
detìach
,
deteigheach
, the
gullet, weasand (M`D., Sh., etc.): peculiar as accented on [iach],
properly [det-íach]; Dial.
it-ioch
, epiglottis
(Arg.).
deubh
, shrink; see [dèabh].
deubhann
, a fetter for a horse:
deuchainn
,
diachainn
, a
trial, attempt, Ir. [d'fhéachain], to see. See [feuch], [feuchainn].
deud
, a tooth, Ir. [déad], O.Ir. [dét], W.
[dant], Cor. [dans], Br. [dant]. [d&ndot;tâ] (Stokes); Lat. [dens]
([dentis]); Gr.
&ocom;doús
(g.
&ocom;dóntos
); Eng. [tooth], Got [tunþus]; Lit.
[dantìs]; Skr. [dant-].
deug
,
diag
, -teen, e.g.,
cóig-deug
, fif-teen, Ir. [déag], O.Ir. [déc],
[deac], W. [deng], ten (?). The exact relationship of [deug] to
[deich] is difficult to decide. The other I.E. languages, as a rule,
make 13 to 19 by combining the unit numeral with 10, as Ger.
[drei-zehn], Ag.S. [ðríténe], Lat. [tridecim]. [*dvei-penge] (St.).
deur
,
diar
, a tear, drop,
Ir. [déar], [deór], O.Ir. [dér], W., Cor., [dagr], O.Br. [dacr], M.Br.
[dazrou], tears, [*dakru]; Gr.
dákru
;
Lat. [lacrima], for [dacrima]; Eng. [tear], Got. [tagr].
Di-
, [-day]; the prefix in the names of the
days of the week, Ir., O.Ir. [dia], [die] (O.Ir.), W. [dydd], Cor.
[det] (for [dedh]), Br. [dez],
[dijas] (*dejes-?); Lat.
[diês]; Skr. [dyáús], day, sky; Gr.
Zeús
,
Diós
, Jove.
Allied to [dia], god.
Di-dòmhnuich
, Sunday, Ir.
[Domhnach], E.Ir. [domnach], from Lat. (dies) [dominica], Lard's day -
[dominus], lord;
Di-luain
, Monday, Ir. [Dia-luain],
M.Ir. [luan], W. [Dydd Llun], from Lat. dies [Lunæ], "day of the
moon";
Di-màirt
, Tuesday, Ir. [Dia-mairt], E.Ir.
[máirt], W. [Dydd mawrth], from Lat. dies [Martis], "day of Mars";
Di-ciaduinn
,
Di-ciadaoin
,
Wednesday, Ir. [Dia-céadaoine], O.Ir. [cétáin], [cétóin], [de cétain]
([de] = [dia] = Lat. [die]), [dia cetáíne], from [ceud], first, and
[aone], fast, q.v., E.Ir. [áine]: "day of the first fast", Friday
being the second and chief day;
Diardaoin
,
Thursday, Ir. [Dia-dhardaoin], E.Ir. [dardóen] = [etar dá óin],
"between two fasts" - the day between the two fasts of Wednesday and
Friday;
Di-haoine
, Friday, Ir. [Dia-aoine],
[Dia-haoine], E.Ir. [áine], [dia áine], O.Ir. [dia oine dídine] (day
of the last fast): "day of the fast", from [aoin], fast, q.v.;
Di-sathuirn
, Saturday, Ir. [Dia-sathuirn], M.Ir.
[satharn], [dia sathairn], from Lat. dies [Saturni], day of Saturn..
The days of the week were originally named (in Egypt) after the seven
planets of the ancients - Sun, Moon, Mars, Mercury, Jove, Jove, Venus,
Saturn.
di-
, negative prefix, Ir. [dí], [dío-], O.Ir.
[dí], W. [di], [*dê]; Lat. [dê], of. See [de]. Also
dim
,
diom-
([dìmeas], [dimbrigh],
[diombuaidh], [diomal]).
dia
, a god, so Ir., O.Ir. [día], W. [duw],
O.W. [duiu], Cor. [duy], Br. [doe], Gaul. [dêvo],
Deiouona
= Dîvona, [*deiuo-s]; Lat. [dîvus] (for
[deiuos]), deified one, [deus]; Gr.
d&iibre;os
, divine; Norse [tívar], gods, Eng.
[Tues]-day, "day of [Tiw]", the war-god; Lit. [d&eacutuml;vas], Pruss.
[deiwas]; Skr. [devá]. Hence
diadhaidh
, pious, Ir.
[diadha], O.Ir. [diade], divinus.
diabhol
, devil, Ir. [diabhal], O.Ir.
[diabul], W. [diawl], Br. [diaoul]; from Lat. [diabolus], whence also
Eng. [devil].
diachadaich
, especially (Heb.):
diallaid
, a saddle, so Ir., M.Ir. [diallait],
cloak, O.Ir. [dillat], clothes, W. [dillad], M.Br. [dillat].
dialtag
, a bat, Ir. [ialtóg]. See [ialtag].
diamhain
, idle; see [dìomhain] rather.
diamhair
, secret, Ir. [diamhair], M.Ir.,
E.Ir. [diamair], O.Ir. [diamair], [dimair]. Root [mar], remain;
[dí-mar], disappear?
dian
, keen, hasty, so Ir., O.Ir. [dían],
[*deino-s]; root [dei], [dî], hasten; Gr.
díemai
, hasten; Skr. [dî], [dîyati], hurry,
allied to the root [dî], [div], shine.
dianag
, a two-year-old sheep; cf. O.Ir.
[dínu], lamb, from the root [dhê], suck. See [deoghail]. But Sc.
[dinmont]?
Diardaoin
, Thursday; see [Di-].
diardan
, anger, Ir. [díardaoin], E.Ir.
[diartain]; from [di-], intensive prefix (E.Ir. [dí], as in [dímór],
excessively great), from [de], and [ardan], pride. Cf. [andiaraid],
wrathful.
diarras
,
dìorras
,
stubbornness, vehemence, Ir. [díorruisg], fierceness, rashness:
[dí-réidh]?
dias
, an ear of corn, so Ir., O.Ir. [días],
W. [twys] (pl.): [*steipsâ], root [steip], stiff, Lat. [stipes],
stake, stipula, Eng. [stiff]? Cf. [geug] and W. [cang], [ysgainc],
for phonetics.
dibheach
, an ant (H.S.D. quotes only O'R.,
while Arms. makes it obsolete; M`A. has it), Ir. [dibheach]:
[*de+beach]?
dibhfhearg
, vengeance, indignation, Ir.
[dibhghearg], [díbhfearg] (Keat.), E.Ir. [díbérg]; from [dim] and
[fearg]; see [di-] of [diardan].
dibhirceach
, diligent (Sh.; H.S.D., which
refers to C.S., but neither in M`A. nor M`E.), Ir. [dibhirceach],
diligent, violent (O'B., etc.):
dìbir
, forsake; see [dìobair].
dibith
,
dimbith
, luckless,
lifeless (Carm.):
dìblidh
, abject, vile, Ir. [díbligh], O.Ir.
[diblide], senium; seemingly from Lat. [dêbilis], weak, feeble (Eng.
[debilitate], etc.). Zim. (Zeit.
24
) has
suggested [*dí-adbul], "un-great", from [adbul], i.e. [adhbhal], q.v.
dìbrigh
,
dimbrigh
,
contempt, Ir. [dimbrigh]; from [dim-], [dí-], and [brìgh], q.v.
dìchioll
, diligence, Ir. [díthchioll]:
[*dícell-]; for [cell], see [timchioll]. Or from [ciall], sense;
"attention to"?
Di-ciadaoin
, Wednesday; see [Di-].
dìd
, a peep; an onomatopoetic word.
dìdean
, protection, a fort, Ir. [dídean],
O.Ir. [dítiu], g. [díten], [*di-jemtion-] (Stokes); root [jem], cover,
protect, Lett. [ju'mju], [ju'mt], cover a roof. The O.Ir. verb is
[do-emim] tueor. Ascoli makes the root [em], as in Lat. [emo], buy.
Cf. [eiridinn].
Di-dòmhnuich
, Sunday; see [Di-].
difir
, difference, Ir. [difir], [dithfir],
M.Ir. [dethbir]; from Lat. [differo], Eng. [differ].
dìg
, a wall of loose stones, a dike; from the
Sc. [dike], Eng. [dike].
dil
, eager, keen. See [deil].
dìl
,
dìle
,
dìlinn
, a flood, Ir. [díle], pl. [díleanna], E.Ir.
[díli], g. [dílenn], diluvium; from Lat. [diluvium] (Stokes), whence
Eng. [deluge].
dile
, dill (M`D.); from the Eng.
dìleab
, a legacy, Ir. [dilb] (O'R.):
dileag
, a small drop; from [dìle], flood.
dìleas
, dear, faithful, Ir. [díleas], O.Ir.
[díles], proprius, own, [*dêlesto-], [dêl], I.E. [dhêl], [dhê], suck,
Lat. [filius], [femina], etc. See [deoghal]. Zeuss has suggested
[di+leas], from [leas], advantage.
dìleigh
, digest,
dìleaghadh
, digesting, Ir. [dìleaghadh], from
[di-leagh], root of [leagh], melt.
dileum
(accent on [leum]), a shackle;
[di+leum], q.v.
dìlinn
,
leac dhìlinn
, a
stone [in situ], a rock appearing above ground: "natural", from [dìl-]
as in [dìleas].
dìlleachdan
, an orphan, Ir. [dílleachda],
O.Ir. [dilechtu], orfani: "de[re]lict", from [di-] and [leig], let go
([di-lēc-], let go).
dimbrigh
, contempt; see [dìbrigh].
dìmeas
, contempt, Ir. [dímheas], O.Ir.
[dímess]; from [dí-], [dím-], and [meas].
dinn
, press, force down, squeeze, Ir.
[dingim], [ding], a wedge, E.Ir. [dingim], perf. [dedaig], [*dengô];
Ag.S. [tengan], press, Norse [tengja], fasten (Bezzenberger). See
[daingean]. Brugmann refers it to [*dhinghô], Lat. [fingo], mould,
feign, I.E. [dheigh], Eng. [dough].
dinnein
, a small heap, Ir. [dinn], a hill,
fortified hill, E.Ir. [dinn] [dind] (do.), [*dindu-]; Norse [tindr],
spike, peak, Ger. [zinne], pinnacle, Eng. [tine]. But cf. Gr.
qís
,
qinós
(
i
long), a heap,
Skr. [dhanvan].
dìnneir
, a dinner, Ir. [dinnéar]; from the
Eng.
dinnsear
, ginger, Ir. [gingsear], M.Ir.
[sinnsar]; from M.Eng. [ginger], Lat. [zingiber].
dìobair
, forsake, Ir. [dìbirim]; [for
[dì]+[ìobair], q.v. [di-ud-ber] (St.).
dìobhail
, loss, Ir. [díoghabhail], O.Ir.
[dígbail], deminutio; [dì-] and [gabhail], q.v.
dìobhargadh
, persecution,
dìobhargach
, fierce, keen, Ir. [dibheargach],
vindictive; see [dibhfhearg].
dìobhuir
, vomit: [*de+beir], Lat. [defero];
from [de] and [beir].
diocail
, lower, diminish (H.S.D., which
quotes MSS. only); [dí]+[ad-cal]; from [càil]?
dìochain
, forgetfulness; Dialectic for
[dichuimhne], that is [di-] and [cuimhne].
diod
,
diodag
, a drop; from
the Eng. [jet]? [jot]?
diog
, a syllable, Ir. [digim], [diugam],
cluck as a hen: G.
diug
, the call to hens.
Onomatopoetic.
diogail
, tickle, Ir. [giglim], O.Ir.
[fogitled] (for [fogicled]?). The G. seems borrowed from the Eng.
[tickle], [kittle]; and possibly all are onomatopoetic, and reshaped
in later times. Cf. Eng. [giggle], Lat. [cachinnus].
diogair
, eager, Ir. [díogar] (O'R.), E.Ir.
[dígar] (?):
dìogan
, revenge, Ir. [díogan] (O'B., etc.);
the word is Irish (not in M`A.; M`E. marks it doubtful.):
dìoghail
,
dìol
, avenge,
pay, Ir. [díoghalaim], [díolaim], O.Ir. [dígal] (n.), W., Cor. [dial],
[*dê-galâ]. See [gal], valour, etc.
dìoghluim
, glean,
dìoghluim
, a gleaning, Ir. [díoghluim] (n.):
[*ge-gluim]; for [gluim], see [foghlum].
dìol
, pay, Ir. [díolam], M.Ir. [dílaim]; see
[dìoghail].
dìolan
, illegitemate, M.G. [diolain] (M`V.),
Ir. [díolanlas], fornication (O'B.): [*dílánamnas], "non-conjugium"?
See [lánain].
diomadh
, discontent, pain, Ir. [diomadh],
[diomdha]; see [diùmach].
diomarag
, clover seed:
diomasach
, proud, Ir. [díomus], pride, M.Ir.
[díumus], pride, "too great measure": [dí-od-mess], root [mess] of
[comus] (Zimmer).
diombach
,
diombuidheach
,
displeased, Ir. [diombuidheach], unthankful; from [diom-], [dim-],
un-, and [buidheach], thankful, q.v. Confused with [diùmach], q.v.
diombuaidh
, unsuccessfulness,
diombuan
, transitory: negative compounds of [buaidh]
and [buan], q.v.
dìomhain
, idle, Ir. [díomhaoin], O.Ir.
[dímáin]; from [dí-] and [maoin], "office-less"; see [maoin].
dìomhair
, secret; see [diamhair].
dìon
, protection, Ir. [díon], E.Ir. [dín], g.
[dína], [*dênu-]; root [dhê], set?
diong
, match, equal, pay, E.Ir. [dingbain],
ward off, [dingbála], worthy: [*din-gab], "off-give". See [gabh].
diongmhalta
, perfect, Ir. [díongmhalta],
perfect, sure. See [diong] above.>>
dionnal
, a shot, fight; see [deannal].
diorachd
, ability (H.S.D.): Cf. Ir. [dír],
proper, [*dêr].
dìorras
, vehemence, vehement anger; see
[diarras].
diosd
, a jump, kick with the heels
(Dialectic); from Sc. [jisk], caper.
dìosg
, barren,
dìosgadh
,
barrenness, not giving milk, Ir. [díosc], [díosg]: [dī-sesc-];
see [seasg]. For its composition, see [déirc].
diosg
, a dish; from Lat. [discus], Norse
[diskr], Ag.S. [disc], Eng. [dish].
dìosgan
, a creaking or gnashing noise, Ir.
[díosgán]. See [gìosgan].
dìot
, a meal,
dìot mhór
,
dinner, M.Ir. [diet], [diit], E.Ir. [díthait]; from Lat. [diaeta],
Eng. [diet]; [dithit], feast during day (Meyer), [dithait]
([&ibreve;]) (Táin).
dìpin
, a deepening (in a net), a certain
measure of a net; from Sc. [deepin], a net, Eng. [deep].
dìr
, ascend; curtailed from [dìrich].
dìreach
, strait, Ir. [díreach], O.Ir.
[dírech], [*dê-reg], root [reg], stretch; Lat. [rego], [directus],
Eng. [direct], etc. The root is found also in [éirigh], [rach], etc.
Hence
dìrich
, straighten, ascend.
dis
, susceptible to cold, Ir. [dís], poor,
miserable, E.Ir. [diss], [dis], weak, [*de-sti-]? Root [sta].
dìsleach
, stormy, uncouth, straggling, Ir.
[dísligheach], deviating, [dí-slighe], [slighe], path, q.v. In the
sense of "stormy", the derivation is doubtful.
dìsne
, a die, dice, Ir. [dísle]; from M.Eng
[dys], dice.
dìt
, condemn, Ir. [díotach], condemnatory,
[díotáil], an indictment; from the M.Eng. [dîten], indict, Sc. [dite]
- a parallel form to [indict], [endit], from Lat. [indicto], [dicto],
dictate, [dico], say. Further Sc. [dittay].
dith
, press together,
dithimh
, a heap (Sh.):
dìth
, want, defeat, Ir. [díth], O.Ir. [díth],
destruction, [*dêto], from [dê] (as in [de], of, [dì-], un-); Lat.
[lêtum] (=[dêtum]), death (Stokes).
dìthean
, daisy, darnel, blossom, M.Ir.
[dithen], darnel, Manx [jean] (do.):
dithis
, a pair, two, Ir. [dís], O.Ir. [dias],
g. [desse], dat. and acc. [diis] (also [días], [díis]), duitas,
[*dveistâ], from the fem. [*dvei], O.Ir [dí], two. See [dà]. O.Ir.
[dias], [*dveiassa]: cf. Lat. [bes], [bessis], from [*bejess] (St.).
dìthreabh
, a desert, Ir. [díthreabh], O.Ir.
[dithrub]; from [dí-] and [treb]; see [treabh], [aitreabh].
diu
,
diugh
(to)-day,
an diu
, to-day, Ir. [andiu], [aniu], O.Ir. [indiu], W.
[heddyw], M.Br. [hiziu], Br. [hirio], [*divo-] (Stokes); Skr. [divâ];
Lat. diû. See [Di-], day. The
an
(O.Ir. [in]) is
the article.
diù
, worth while: [*do-fiù]; see [fiù].
diùbhaidh
,
diùgha
, refuse,
the worst,
diu
(M`F., M`E), Ir. [díogha]; opposite
of [rogha]. See [roghainn].
diùbhail
, mischief, loss; see [dìobhail].
diùbhras
, difference,
diubhar
(Arm.): [*divr], [*difr], from [differ] of Lat.
[differo]. See [difir].
diuc
, the pip, a sickness of fowls:
diùc
, a duke, Ir. [diubhce], [diúic] (Keat.);
from the Eng. [duke].
diùcair
, a ducker, a bladder for keeping nets
at the proper depth under water; from the Eng. [ducker].
diuchaidh
, addled:
diùdan
, giddiness,
diudan
(Arm.):
diug
, an interjection to call hens, cluck,
Ir. [diugam], cluck: onomatopoetic. See [diog].
diugan
, mischance (H.S.D., which marks it as
Dialectic):
diugh
, to-day; see [diu].
diùid
, tender-hearted, a spiritless person,
Ir. [diúid], O.Ir. [diuit], semplex:
diùlanas
, bravery, Ir. [díolúntas], earlier
[diolmhaineach], soldier, mercenarius; from [dìol], pay.
diùlt
, refuse, Ir. [diúltaim], E.Ir.
[díultaim], O.Ir. [díltuch], refusing, [doríltiset], negaverunt,
[*di-îlt] (Thu.). Zimmer suggests the root of Lat. [lateo], lurk,
Stokes gives [*de-laudi] ("Celt. Dec."), and Ascoli hesitates between
[*di-la-] ([la], throw, Gr.
&ecom;laúnw
)
and [*di-shlond]. Possibly an active form of [till], return.
[díltud], v.n. of [do-sluindi].
diùmach
, displeased, Ir. [díomdhach], M.Ir.
[dímdach], [dimmdach]: [*dim-med-], root [med], mind, as in [meas].
dleas
,
dleasnas
, duty, Ir.
[dlisdeanas], legality, E.Ir. [dlestanas] (do.), [*dlixo-],
[*d&ldot;g-so-], right; see [dligheadh].
dligheadh
, law, right, Ir. [dlígheadh], O.Ir.
[dliged], W. [dyled], [dled], debt, [*dligeto-n], Cor. [dylly],
debere, Br. [dle], debt, [*d&ldot;gô], I owe; Got. [dulgs]; Ch.Sl [dlugu]
(do.).
dlo
, a handful of corn,
dlò
(M`L., M`E.), Ir. [dlaoigh], a lock of hair or
anything, E.Ir. [dlai], a wisp; cf. W. [dylwf], wisp, and Lat.
[floccus]?
dluigheil
, handy, active (Dial.), Ir.
[dlúigh], active (O'B.), M.Ir. [dluigh], service, E.Ir. [dluig],
service, [*dlogi-]; same root as [dligheadh].
dlùth
, close, Ir. [dlúth], E.Ir. [dlúith],
O.Ir. [dlútai], (pl.), [dlúthe], adhaerendi, [*dluti-]. Cf. Gr.
qláw
, crush. [dru]?
dlùth
, the warp of a web, Ir., O.Ir [dlúth],
stamen, W. [dylif] ([*dlû-mi-]?; from the above root ([dlû]).
do
, to, Ir. [do], O.Ir. [do], [du], Cor.
[dhe], O.Br. [do], Br. [da]; Eng. [to], Ag.S. [tó], Ger. [zu]; Lat.
[-do] ([endo], [indu]); Gr.
-de
. Stokes
derives the prep [do] from the verbal particle [do], [to]. See the
next word.>>
do
, a verbal particle denoting "to, ad", Ir.
[do], O.Ir. [do-], [du-], also [to-], when it carries the accent (e.g.
[dobiur], I give, [*do-bérô], but [tabair], give, [*tó-bere]; W.
[du-], [dy-],
y
. Cf. Gat. [du], to prep. and
prefix, for [*þu]?
do
, thy, Ir. [do], O.Ir. [do], [du], W. [dy],
E.W. [teu], Cor. [dhe], Br.[da], [*tovo]; Lat. [tuus]; Skr. [táva],
etc. See [tu].
do-
,
du-
, prefix of
negative quality, Ir. [do-], [dó-], O.Ir. [do-], [du-], [*dus-]; Skr.
[dus-]; Gr.
dus-
; Got. [taz-], Ger.
[zer-]. Its opposite is [so], q.v. Following the analogy of [so], it
aspirates the consonants though originally it ended in
s
.
dobair
, a plasterer (M`D.), Ir. [dóbadóir],
W. [dwbiwr]; from M.Eng. [dauber], Eng. [daub].
dòbhaidh
, boisterous: [*du-vati-], root
[vet], as in [onfhadh], q.v. ++
dobhar
, water, Ir.
[dobhar], E.Ir. [dobur], W. [dwfr], Cor. [dofer], Br. [dour], Gaul.
[dubrum], [*dubro-n], [*dub-ro-], root [dub], deep, as in [domhain],
q.v. Cf. Lit. [dumblas], mire, Lett. [dubli] (do.); Lit. [duburys],
a place with springs, [dumburýs]; Ger [tümpel], a deep
place in flowing or standing water. Hence
dobharchu
("water-dog") and
dobhran
,
the otter.
docair
, grievous, hard, trouble, E.Ir.
[doccair], uneasiness, trouble.
docha
, preferable,
is
docha
, prefer; see [toigh].
dòcha
, more likely, Ir. [dócha], O.Ir.
[dochu]; comparative of [dóigh], O.Ir. [dóig], likely, [*dougi-],
[*douki-]; Gr.
deúkei
, thinks,
&acom;deukc/s
, unseemly; Ger. [zeuge], witness;
further allied is Lat. [dûco]. Connection with Gr.
dokéw
has been suggested, and Zimmer has analysed
it into [*do-ech], [*do-sech], root [sec], say (as in [casg], etc.:
Cam.), citing the by-form [toich] (G.
toigh
), which
is a different word. Hence
dòchas
,
dòigh
.
dochair
,
dochar
, hurt,
damage, so Ir., E.Ir. [dochor]; from [do-] and [cor-], i.e., [cor],
state: [dochar], "bad state". See [cor], [sochair]. Hence
dochartach
, sick.
dochann
, injury, hurt, M.Ir. [dochond],
ill-fortune, O.Ir. [conaichi], felicior, from [*cuno-], high, root
[ku] (as in [curaidh])?
dòchas
, hope, Ir. [cóchas], M.Ir. [dóchus];
see [dòcha].
docran
, anguish (Sh., Arm.; not H.S.D.); cf.
[docrach], hard, from [docair].
dod
, a tantrum, fret, Ir. [sdoid] (n.),
[sdodach] (adj.), [dóiddeach], quarrelsome (Con.). Cf. Sc. [dod].
dòdum
, a teetotum (Dialectic); from the Eng.
dog
, a bit; from the Eng. [dock].
dogadh
, mischief (Sh.), O.Ir. [dodcad]
(Str.).
dogail
, cynical,
doganta
,
fierce; from the Eng. [dog].
dògan
, a sort of oath (Dialectic, M`L.); Sc.
[daggand, Eng. [doggonit], Amer. [doggond].
dogha
, a burdock, Ir. [meacan dogha]; Eng.
[dock], Ag.S. [docce].
doibhear
, rude, uncivil, so Ir. (Lh., which
H.S.D. quotes, O'B., etc.): "ill-bearing"; from [do-] and [beus].
doicheall
, churlishness, Ir. [doicheall], g.
[doichle]; E.Ir. [dochell], grudging, inhospitality: opposed to E.Ir.
[sochell], meaning "kindness", [soichlech]. Root is that of
[timchioll]. Gaul. [Sucellos], a god's name.
dòid
, the hand, grasp, Ir. [dóid], E.Ir.
[dóit], O.Ir. [inna n-doat], lacertorum, [*dousenti-]; Skr [dos]
([*daus]), [doshan], fore-arm, Zend [daosha], shoulder. Strachan, who
cites the meanings "hand, wrist", suggests a stem [*doventi-], from
I.E. [dheva] (move violently), comparing Gr.
karpós
, wrist, from [q&rdot;p], turn. Hence
dòideach
, muscular.
dòid
, a small farm: "a holding"; from [dòid],
hand. Cf.
dòideach
, firmly grasping.
dòideach
, frizzled up, shrunk (of hair); from
[dàth], singe.
dòigh
, manner, manner, trust, Ir. [dóigh].
For root, see [dòcha].
doilbh
, difficult (H.S.D.), dark (Sh., O'B.),
Ir. [doilbh], dark, gloomy: cf. [suilbh].
doileas
, injury; from [do-] and [leas].
doilgheas
, sorrow, so Ir.; from [doiligh],
sorry, the Ir. form of [duilich], q.v.
doilleir
, dark, Ir. [cóiléir]; see
[soilleir].
doimeag
, a slattern; cf. Ir. [doim], poor,
and for root, see [soimeach].
doimh
, bulky, gross; see [dòmhail].
doimh
,
doimheadach
,
vexing, galling: [*do-ment-], "ill-minded".
doimheal
, stormy (Sh.; not H.S.D.):
dòineach
, sorrowful, baneful (Arm., who has
[doineach] with short
o
), O.Ir. [dóinmech],
[dóinmidh]. Dr. N. M`L. "fateful". [dàn]?
doinionn
, a tempest, Ir. [doineann], O.Ir.
[doinenn]. See [soineann].
doirbeag
, a minnow, tadpole, Ir. [dairb], a
marsh worm, murrain caterpillar, E.Ir. [duirb] (acc.), worm,
[*dorbi-]: I.E. [derbho-], wind, bend, Skr. [darbh], wind, M.H.G.
[zerben], whirl.
doirbh
, hard, difficult, so Ir., O.Ir.
[doirb]; see [soirbh].
doire
, grove, Ir. [doire], [daire], O.Ir.
[daire] (Adamnan), [Derry], W. [deri], oak grove; see [darach].
doireagan
, peewit; Dialectic form of
[adharcan].
doireann
,
doirionn
,
(Arg.), tempestuous weather; see [doinionn]. For phonetics, cf.
[boirionn].
doirionta
, sullen, so Ir.; cf. the above
word.
dòirling
,
dòirlinn
,
isthmus, beach, Ir. [doirling], promontory, beach: [*do-air-líng-]
(for [ling], see [leum])? For meaning, see [tairbeart]
dòirt
, pour, Ir. [doirtim], [dórtadh] (inf.),
E.Ir. [doirtím], O.Ir. [dofortad], effunderet, [dorortad], was poured
out, [*fort-], root [vor], [ver], pour, E.Ir. [feraim], I pour, give;
Lat. [ûrina], urine; Gr.
o&ucomibre;ron
;
Norse [úr], drizzling raing, Ag.S. [vär], sea; Skr. [vā/ri],
water. to this Stokes refers [braon] (for [vroen-], [veróenâ]?).
doit
, foul, dark (H.S.D. only):
dòit
, a small coin less than a farthing; from
the Sc. [doit].
dol
, going, Ir. [dul], O.Ir. [dul], inf. to
[doluid], [dolluid], ivit, from [luid], went, [*ludô], from I.E.
[leudho], go, Gr.
&ecom;leúsomai
, will
come,
&ccom;/luqon
, came. Stokes and
Brugmann refer [luid] to [*(p)ludô, root [plu], [plou] of [luath],
q.v.
dòlach
, destructive: "grievous"; from ++
dòl
, grief, Sc. [dool], from Lat. [dolor].
dolaidh
, harm, so Ir., E.Ir. [dolod], O.Ir.
[dolud], damnum, O.G. [dolaid], burden, charge; its opposite is E.Ir.
[solod], profit: [*do-lud], "mis-go"; from [lud] of [luid], go
(Ascoli).
dòlas
, grief, Ir. [dólas]: formed from
[sòlas], consolation on the analogy of other [do-] and [so-] words.
See [sòlas].
dòlum
, mean, surly, wretchedness, poverty.
Cf. [dòlach].
dom
, the gall, gall-bladder; see [domblas]>
domail
, damage; apparently founded on Lat.
[damnum].
domblas
, gall, bile, Ir. [comblas], M.Ir.
[domblas ae], i.e., "bitterness of the liver"; from M.Ir. [domblas],
ill-taste; from [do-mlas]. See [blas].
domhach
, a savage; see [doimh].
dòmhail
, bulky: M.Ir. [derg-domla], pl., from
[*domail], root of [meall]: [*do-fo-mell]?
domhain
, deep, so Ir., O.Ir. [domain], W.
[dwfn], Br. [don], [*dubni-s], [*dubno-s]; Eng. [deep], Got [diups];
Lit. [dubùs], deep [dumburýs], a hole in the ground filled with water,
[dauba], ravine, Ch.Sl. [dŭbr&ibreve;], ravine: I.E. [dheub].
See also [dobhar].
domhan
, the Universe, so Ir., O.Ir. [domun],
Gaul. [Dubno-], [Dumno-] (in many proper names, as [Dubnotalus],
[Dumnorix], "World-king", Gaelic [Domhnall], [*Dumno-valo-s], W.
[Dyfnual], Celtic [*dubno-], the world, the "deep"; another form of
[domhain] above. Cf. Eng. [deep] for the "sea". D'Arbois de
Jubainville explains [Dubno-] of Gaulish names as "deep", [Dumnorix],
"deep king", "high king"; and he has similarly to explain [Biturix] as
"king for aye", not "world king": all which seems a little forced.
Dòmhnach
, Sunday, so Ir., E.Ir. [domnach];
from Lat. [dominica], "the Lord's". See under [Di-].
don
, evil, defect, Ir. [don]; see next
word.>>
dona
, bad, so Ir., E.Ir. [donae], [dona],
wretched, bad; opposite to [sona], [son], happy. See [sona].
dongaidh
, moist, humid; from the Sc. [donk],
Eng. [dank].
donn
, brown, Ir. O.Ir. [donn], W. [dwn],
Gaul. [Donnus], [Donno-]; [*donno-s], [*dus-no-]; Lat. [fuscus]; Eng.
[dusk], [dust]. Eng. [dun] may be hence.
donnal
, a howl, complaint; [*don-no-], I.E.
[dhven], whence Eng. [din], Skr. [dhvana], sound. Meyer says: "Better
[donal], fem." G. is masc.
dorbh
,
dorgh
, a hand-line,
Ir. [dorubha]; also
drogha
, q.v.
dorc
, a piece (Dialectic): [*dorco-], root
[der], split, Eng. [tear]; N. [dorg].
dorch
, dark,
Ir. [dorcha], O.Ir. [dorche]; opposed to [sorcha], bright,
[*do-reg-io-], root [reg], see, Lit. [regiù], I see. See [rosg]. The
root [reg], colour, Gr.
&rbcom;éxw
, colour,
&ecom;/rebos
, Erebus, Norse [rökr],
darkness, [Ragna-rökr], twilight of the gods, is allied. Ascoli and
Zimmer refer it to the Gadelic root [rich], shine, O.Ir. [richis],
coal, Bret. [regez], glowing embers, Skr. [ric], [&rdot;c], shine.
dòrlach
, a handful, quantity: [*dorn-lach],
from [dòrn], a fist.
dòrn
, a fist, Ir. [dorn], O.Ir. [dorn], W.
[dwrn], Cor. [dorn], O.Br. [dorn], Br. [dourn], hand, Gaul.
[Durnacos], [*durno-]; Gr.
d&wibre;ron
,
palm,
dáreir
,
dárin
, a span; Lettic [dúrc], fist; I.E. root
[der] split. [*dver], [*dur], strong.
dorra
, more difficult, Ir. [dorrach], harsh,
M.Ir. [dorr], rough, [*dorso-]; Czech [drsen], rough (Stokes,
Strachan).
dorran
, vexation, anger, Ir. [dorrán], M.Ir.
[dorr], [*dorso-]; see above word.>>
dòruinn
, pain, anguish, Ir. [dóghruing. Cf.
E.Ir. [dogra], [dógra], lamenting, anguish, [dogar], sad, from [do-]
and [gar], q.v.
dorus
, a door, Ir., O.Ir. [dorus], W. [drws],
Cor. [daras], O.Cor. [dor], Br. [dor], [*dvorestu-]; Lat. [fores]; Gr.
qúra
; Eng. [door]; Lit. [dùrys]; Skr
[dvā/r].
dos
, a bush, tuft, Ir. [dos], O.Ir. [doss],
[*dosto-], root [dus]; Lat. [dumus] (= [dus-mus]), thicket; Eng.
[tease], [teasel].
dosdan
, a kind of food given to horses; from
Eng. [dust].
dosgadh
,
dosgainn
,
misfortune; cf. Ir. [dósgathach], improvident. From [do-] and
[sgath], q.v. Ir. [dosguidhtheach], morose, extravagant.
dotarra
, sulky; see [dod].
doth
, a doating on one; cf. Sc. [daut], dote,
M.Eng. [doten].
dràbach
, dirty slovenly, Ir. [drabaire],
[drabóg], slut, [drab], a stain; from Eng. [drab]. See [drabh].
Hence
drabasda
, obscene.
drabh
, dissolve,
drabhag
,
dregs,
drabhas
, filth, E.Ir. [drabar-slog], rabble;
from Eng. [draff], allied to Ger. [treber], Norse [draf]. Stokes
thinks that the G. is allied to, not derived from, the Eng. The Eng.
word [drab] is allied to [draff], and so is [dregs].
dràbh
, scatter, dissolve (M`A., Arg.), not
drabh
(H.S.D., which, however, has
drabhach
, rifted).
dràbhach
,
wide-sutured, rifted (Arg.):
dràc
, a drake; from the Eng. See [ràc].
dragh
, trouble, O.Ir. g. [mor-draige],
roughness: [*drago-], I.E. [dregho-], Ag.S. [trega], vexation, Norse
[tregr], dragging, slovenly, [trega], grieve; Skr. [drâgh], pain; Gr.
*tarahc/
,
trāhús
(St.).
dragh
, pull, draw, Ir. [dragáil]; from the
Eng. [drag], [draw], Norse [drega].
dràgon
, a dragon, Ir. [dragún], E.Ir. [drac],
g. [dracon]; from Lat. [draco(n)], Eng. [dragon].
dràichd
, a slattern (Arm.):
draighlichd
, a trollop, draggle-tail (Arg.);
from Eng. [draggle-tail]? Cf. [draghlainn] under [draoluinn].
draillsein
, a sparkling light (Sh., H.S.D.);
see [drillsean].
draimheas
, a foul mouth; cf. Ir. [drabhas], a
wry mouth, [dramhaim], I grin. The G. seems from [drabh] above.
draing
, a snarl, grin; see [dranndan].
dràm
,
dram
, a dram, Ir.
[dram]; from the Eng.
dramaig
, a foul mixture, crowdie (Sh.,
H.S.D.); from the Sc. [dramock].
drannd
,
dranndan
, a hum,
snarl, Ir. [draint], [dranntán], M.Ir. [drantaigim], I snarl; from a
Celtic [*dran], I.E. [dhreno-], sound, drone; Eng. [drone]; Gr.
qr&cibre;nos
, dirge; Skr. [dhra&ndot;], sound,
murmur.
drann
,
dranna
, a word
(M`A., Arg.); same as [drannd].
draoch
, a fretful or ghastly look, hair
standing on end, Ir. [driuch], fretfulness, angry look: root [dhrigh];
Gr.
qríx
,
trihós
, hair. For meaning, cf. [snuadh], hue,
hair.
draoi
,
draoidh
,
druidh
, a magicician, druid, Ir. [draoi], gen. pl.
[druadh], E.Ir. [drai], [drui], g. [druad], Gaul. [druides] (Eng.
[druid]). Its etymology is obscure. Stokes suggests relationship
with Eng. [true], G. [dearbh], q.v., or with Gr.
qréomai
, cry, (as in [drannd], [dùrd]), or Gr.
&acom;/qréw
, look sharp, Pruss. [dereis],
see. Thurneysen analyses the word as [dru], high, strong, see
[truaill]. Brugmann and Windisch have also suggested the root [dru],
oak, as Pliny did too, because of the Druids' reverence for the oak
tree. Ag.S. [drý], magus, is borrowed from the Celtic. [draoineach],
[druineach], artisan, "eident" person (Carm.); [draoneach], "any
person that practices an art" (Grant), agriculturist; [druinneach],
artist (Lh.). Ir. [druine], art needlework;
qróna
, flowers in embroidery drugs.
draoluinn
, delay, tediousness, drawling; from
the Eng. [drawling], Sc. [drawl], to be slow in action, [drawlie],
slow and slovenly. Dialectic
draghlainn
, a
slovenly person, a mess.
drapuinn
, tape; from the Eng. [drape].
draos
, trash, filth, Ir. [draos]. Cf. Eng.
[dross].
dràsda
,
an dràsda
, now,
Ir. [drásda], M.Ir. [trasta], for [an tràth sa], this time.
drathais
, drawers; from the Eng.
dreach
, aspect, Ir. [dreach], E.Ir. [drech],
W. [drych], M.Br. [derch], [*d&rdot;kâ], [*d&rdot;kko-], root [derk] as in
[dearc], q.v.
drèachd
,
dreuchd
, duty,
office, Ir. [dréacht], song, O.Ir. [drécht], portio, [*drempto-], root
[drep], Gr.
drépw
, pluck, cull
(Strachan).
dreag
,
drèag
, a meteor or
portent; from the Ag.S. [dréag], apparition, Norse [draugr], ghost.
Also
driug
.
dreall
,
dreoll
, door-bar,
dreallag
, a swingle-tree: [d&rdot;s-lo-], root [der],
split, Eng. [tree]? Cf. W. [dryll], [*dhruslo],
qrauw
.
dreallaire
, an idler; see [drollaire].
dreallsach
, a blazing fire; see [drillsean].
dream
, a tribe, people, Ir. [dream], E.Ir.
[dremm]; from
dream
, bundle, handful, manipulus,
Br. [dramm], a sheaf, [*dregsmo-]; Gr.
drágma
, a handful,
drássomai
; Ch.Sl. [drazhaiti], grasps; Skr.
[darh], make fast, I.E. [dergho-], fasten. Hence
dreamsgal
, a heterogeneous mass. [dreg]: [dreng],
tramp? Cf. [drong].
dreamach
, peevish,
dream
,
snarl; cf. Ir. [dreamhnach], perverse, E.Ir. [dremne], fierceness,
from [dreamh], surly, [*dremo-], from [drem], [drom], rush, Gr.
drómos
, a race. G. [dreamach] may be
for [*dregsmo-], root [dreg] as in [dreangan].
dreangan
, a snarler, Ir. [drainceanta],
snarling, [drainc], a snarl, also [draint], W. [drengyn], a surly
chap, [dreng], morose, [*drengo-], root [dreg], from [dhre] of
[dranndan].
dreas
, bramble, bramble-bush, Ir. [dreas];
see [dris].
dreasair
, a dresser (house-furniture).
dreathan-donn
, wren, Ir. [dreaán], [drean],
W. [dryw], [*drivo-], [*d&rdot;-vo-], root [der], [dher], jump? See
[dàir]. Cf. for sense Gr.
tróhilos
. or
from [dhrevo], cry, Gr.
qréomai
, G.
[drannd], q.v.
dreigas
, a grin, peevish face, E.Ir. [dric],
wrathful; [*dreggo-], root [dreg] as in [dreangan].
dreimire
, a ladder, Ir. [dréimire], E.Ir.
[dréimm], ascent, vb. [dringim], W. [dringo], scandere, [*drengô].
Bezzenberger compares the Norse [drangr], an up-standing rock (cf.
[cliff] and [climb]. The root [dreg] of [dreimire] has also been
compared to Ger. [treppe], staircase, Eng. [tramp]. See [dream],
people, "goers". Ir. [ag dreim], advancing.
dréin
, a grin: [*dreg-ni-], root [dreg] of
[dreangan].
dreòchdam
, the crying of the deer; from
[dhrevo], [dhre], cry.
dreòlan
, a wren, Ir. [dreólán]: [*drivolo-];
see [dreathan].
dreòlan
, a silly person, Ir. [dreólán], W.
[drel], a clown; from Eng. [droll]? Thurneysen prefers to consider
these words borrowed from Eng. [thrall], Norse [þrœl]. The word
appears as
dreòlan
,
dreallaire
,
drollaire
. In the sense of "loiterer", these words
are from the Norse [drolla], loiter, Eng. [droil].
dreòs
, a blaze:
dreugan
, a dragon (Dialectic); see [dràgon].
driachan
, plodding, obstinacy, Ir.
[driachaireachd]: [*dreiqo-]; cf. Eng. [drive], from [dhreip].
driamlach
, a fishing line, Manx [rimlagh],
E.Ir. [ríamnach]: [*reimmen-]; see [réim].
driceachan
, tricks (M`D.).
drifeag
, hurry (Heb.); see [drip].
dril
, a spark, sparkle, Ir. [dril],
[drithle], pl. [drithleanna], M.Ir. [drithle], dat. [drithlinn], also
[drithre], [*drith-renn-] (for [-renn-], see [reannag]), [*drith].
Hence
drillsean
, sparkles, from [drithlis], a
spark. [drìllsean], rushlight, rush used as wick.
driodar
, dregs, lees, Ir. [dríodar], gore,
dregs: [*driddo-], [*d&rdot;d-do-], root [der], Eng. [tear]. Cf. Sc.
[driddle].
driog
, a drop, Ir. [driog] (dríog], Con.),
[driogaire], a distiller; seemingly borrowed from Norse [dregg],
M.Eng. [dreg], dregs.
driongan
, slowness, Ir. [driongán], a
plaything, worthless pastime:
drip
, hurry, confusion, Ir. [drip], bustle,
snare: [*drippi-], [*dhribh], Eng. [drive]? N. [drepa], hit.
dris
, a bramble, brier, Ir. [dris], O.Ir.
[driss], O.W. [drissi], W. [dryssien], Cor. [dreis], Br. [drezen],
[*dressi-]. Bezzenberger suggests a stem [*drepso], M.H.G. [trefs],
Ger. [trespe], darnel, M.Eng. [drauk] (= [dravick] of Du.), zizanium.
It must be kept separate from [droighionn], O.Ir. [draigen], Celtic
root [d&rdot;g], thought G. [dris] might be for [*d&rdot;g-si-], for the W.
would be in [ch], not
s
. See [droighionn].
drithlean
, a rivet:
drithleann
, a sparkle, Ir. [drithlinn];
oblique form of [dril].
driubhlach
, a cowl, so Ir. (O'R.); Sh. has
[dribhlach].
driùcan
, a beak, Ir. [driuch]. M`A. gives
also the meaning, "an incision under one of the toes". See [draoch].
driuch
activity (M`A.):
driuchan
, a stripe, as in cloth (M`A.):
driug
, a meteor, portent; see [dreag].
dròbh
, a drove; from the Eng.
drobhlas
, profusion, so Ir.:
droch
, evil, bad, Ir. [droch], O.Ir. [droch],
[drog], W. [drwg], Cor. [drog], malum, M.Br. [drouc], [*druko-].
Usually compared to Skr. [druh], injure, Ger. [trug], deception.
Stokes has suggested [dhruk], whence Eng. [dry], and Bezzenberger
compares Norse [trega], grieve, [tregr], unwilling (see [dragh]).
drochaid
, a bridge, Ir. [droichiod], O.Ir.
[drochet]:
drog
, a sea-swell at its impact on a rock
(Arg.):
drogaid
, drugget, Ir. [drogáid] (O'R.); from
the Eng.
drogha
, a nad fishing line; also
dorgh
,
dorbh
, Ir. [dorubha],
[drubha]; Norse [dorg], an angler's tackle.
droich
, a dwarf, Ir. [droich], [*drogi-],
allied to Teut. [dwergo-], Ger. [zwerg], Norse [dvergr], Eng.
[dwarf].
droigheann
, bramble, thorn, Ir. [droigheann],
O.Ir. [draigen], W. [draen], Cor. [drain], [drein], Br. [drean],
[*dragino-]: cf. Gr.
trahús
, rough,
qrássw
, confuse, Eng. [dregs].
Bezzenberger compares Lit. [drìgne@?s], black henbane, Gr.
drábc
. Ebel referred
it to the
same origin as Gr.
térhnos
, twig. Also
droighneach
, (1) thorn, (2) lumber, "entanglement".
droinip
, tackle:
drola
, a pot-hook, Ir. [drol], [droltha],
M.Ir. [drol], [drolam], handle, E.Ir. [drolam], knocker, ring:
droll
, an animal's tail, a door bar, unwieldy
stick; cf. [drallag] for the last two meanings.
droll
,
drollaire
, a lazy
fellow; see [dreòlan].
droman
, the alder tree; see [troman].
drong
,
droing
, people,
tribe, Ir. [drong], E.Ir. [drong], O.Br. [drogn], [drog], factio,
Gaul. [drungus], whence Lat. [drungus], a troop (4th century),
[*drungo-]; Got. [driugan], serve as a soldier, Ag.S. [dryht], people,
Norse [drótt], household, people.
drongair
, a drunkard; from the Eng.
dronn
, the back, Ir. [dronnóg]: [*dros-no-],
root [dros] of [druim], q.v.
dronng
, a trunk; from the Eng.
drothan
, a breeze (M`D.):
druabag
, a small drop,
druablas
, muddy water,
druaip
,
dregs, lees. The first is from Eng. [drop]; [druablas] is from M.Eng.
[drubli], turbid, Sc. [droubly]; and [druaip] is from Norse [drjúpa],
drip. [drubhag] and [drùigean] (Wh.).
drùb
, a wink of sleep, a mouthful of liquid;
from Norse [drjúpa], drip. See the above words.
drùchd
, dew, Ir. [drúchd], E.Ir. [drúcht],
[*drūb-bu], root [dhreub]; Ag.S. [dréapian], trickle, Eng.
[drip], [drop], Norse [drjúpa], drip, Ger. [triefen].
drùdh
, penetrate, pierce,
drùidh
; see the next.>>
drùdhadh
, oozing, soaking; cf. Skr. [dru],
[dráva], melt, run, Got. [ufar-trusian], besprinkle. Cf. Gaul.
[Druentia] (Gaelic [Druie], a river in Strathspey).
drugair
, a drudge, Ir. [drugaire]; from
M.Eng. [druggar], a dragger, Eng. [drudge].
druid
, close, Ir. [druidim], E.Ir. [druit],
close, firm, trustworthy: [*druzdo-], [*drus], W. [drws]. See
[dorus]. Stokes now refers [*druzdi-] to the same source as Eng.
[trust].
druid
, a starling, Ir. [druid], E.Ir.
[truid], Manx [truitling], W. [drudwy], Br. [dred], [dret]:
[*struzdi]; Lat. [turdus], thrush; Lit. [stázdas] (Bohemian [drazd]),
thrush, Eng. [throstle].
druidh
, a magician; see [draoi].
drùidh
, penetrate; see [drùdh]. Cf. Ir.
[treidhim]; [treaghaim] (Sh.).
druim
, back, ridge, so Ir., O.Ir. [druimm],
pl. [dromand], W. [trum], [*drosmen-]; Lat. [dorsum].
drùis
, lust,
drùiseach
,
drùth
, lecherous, Ir. [drúis], adultery, E.Ir.
[drúth], lewd, a harlot, [*drūto-]. Cf. M.Eng. [drüð], darling,
O.Fr. [drud] (do.), [druerie], love, whence M.Eng.
[druerie], Sc. [drouery], illicit love. Mayhew refers the Fr. and
Eng. to O.H.G. [drút] dear (also [trút], [drúd]): a Teut. [dreuð]?
Cf. Ger. [traut], beloved (Kludge).
druma
, a drum, Ir., M.Ir. [druma]; from the
Eng.
druman
, elder; see [troman].
drumlagan
, a cramp in back, wrists, etc.
(M`D.):
dù
, meet, proper, Ir., E.Ir. [dú]. This
Stokes regards as borrowed from O.Fr. [dû] (= [debntus]), whence Eng.
[due]. But see [dùthaich], [dual].
du-
,
do-
, prefix denoting
badness of quality, Ir., O.Ir. [du-], [do-], [*dus]; Gr.
dus-
; Got. [tuz-], Norse [tor-]; Skr. [dus-].
See [do-].
duaichnidh
, gloomy, ugly, Ir.
[duaichniúghadh], to disfigure. See [suaicheantas].
duaidh
, a horrid scene, a fight, Ir.
[dúaidh], evil (O'B.): [*du-vid]?
duairc
, uncivil, Ir., E.Ir. [duairc]:
opposite of [suairc], q.v.
duaireachas
, a squabble, slander:
[du-aireachas]. See [eireachdail].
duairidh
,
dubharaidh
, a
dowry; from the Eng.
duais
, a reward, so Ir., E.Ir. [duass], gift:
[*dovestâ]; Gr.
do&uibre;nai
, to give (=
[douénai]): Lit. [důti] (do.), dovanà, a gift; Lat. [duint] (=
[dent]). Root [dô], give.
dual
, a lock of hair, Ir., E.Ir. [dual],
[*doklo-]; Got. [tagl], hair, Ag.S. [taegl], Eng. [tail], Norse
[tagl], horse's tail.
dual
, hereditary right, so Ir., M.Ir. [dúal],
[*dutlo-]; see [dúthaich]. Stokes refers it to Fr. [dû], as he does
[dù], q.v. Ir. [dúal], just, proper, might come from [*duglo-], root
[dhugh], fashion, Gr.
teúhein
, Got.
[dugan], Eng. [do].
duan
, a poem, song, so Ir., E.Ir. [dúan],
[*dugno-]; Lettic [dugát], cry as a crane (Bez.). Stokes derives it
from [dhugh] above under [dual].
duarman
, a murmur; cf. [torman] from [toirm].
dùbailte
, Ir. [dubâilte]; from M.Eng.
[duble], O.Fr. [doble], Lat. [duplex].
dubh
, black, Ir. [dubh], O.Ir. [dub], W.
[du], O.W. [dub], Cor. [duv], Br. [du], [*dubo-]; Gr.
tuflós
(= [quf-lós], blind; Got. [daubs], deaf,
Ger. [taub], Eng. [deaf], also [dumb]. Cf. Gaul. river name [Dubis],
now [Doubs].
dubhach
, sad, Ir. [dúbhach], O.Ir. [dubach];
see [subhach].
dubhailc
, wickedness, Ir. [dúbhailce]; see
[subhailc].
dubhailteach
, sorrowful; founded on [dubh].
dubhair
, said; see [thughairt].
dùbhaith
, a pudding:
dubhan
, a hook, Ir. [dubhán], M.Ir. [dubán]:
dubhchlèin
, the flank (H.S.D. from MSS.):
dùbhdan
, a smoke, straw cinders, soot; from
[dubh]. Cf. Ir. [dúbhadán], an inkstand.
dùbhlaidh
, gloomy, wintry; cf.
dubhlà
, a dark day, day of trial. From [dubh].
dùbhlan
, a challenge, Ir. [dubhshlán]; from
[dubh] and [slàn]; Ir. [slán], defiance.
dubhliath
, the spleen, O.Ir. [lue liad], [lua
liath], Cor. [lewilloit], W. [lleithon], milt of fish. Cf. Lat.
[liēn].
dubhogha
, the great grandson's grandson; from
[dubh] and [ogha]: [dubh] is used to add a step to [fionnogha], though
[fionn] here is really a prep., and not [fionn], white. See
[fionnogha].
dùc
,
dùcan
, (Perth), a
heap (Arm.); [*dumhacán], E.Ir. [duma], mound, heap. Root of [dùn].
dùchas
, hereditary right; see [dùthaich].
dud
, a small lump (M`A.); see [tudan].
dùd
, a tingling in the ear, ear, Ir. [dúd].
See next word.>>
dùdach
, a trumpet, M.G. [doytichy] (D.of
Lis.), Ir. [dúdóg]: onomatopoetic. Cf. Eng. [toot].
dùdlachd
, depth of winter:
duìdseag
, a plump woman of low stature
(Perth); "My old Dutch"; [dùitseach] (Arm.). [Dutch]man, docked
cock..
dùil
, expectation, hope, Ir. [dúil],
[*dûli-], root [du], strive, Gr.
qumós
,
soul; Lit [dumas], thought (Stokes for Gr.).
dùil
, an element, Ir. [dúil], O.Ir. [dúil],
[dúl], [*dûli-]; Skr. [dhûli-], dust; Lit. [dulke@?s] (do.); Lat.
[fuligo], soot. Stokes (Dict.) refers it to [*dukli-], root [duk],
fashion; Ger. [zeugen], engender; further Lat. [duco]. Hence
dialectic
Na dùil
, poor creatures! Ir. [dúil]
means "creature" also. Hence also
dùileag
, a term
of affection for a girl.
duileasg
, dulse, Ir. [duileasg], M.Ir.
[duilesc], W. [dylusg], what is drifted on shore by floods. Hence Sc.
[dulse]. Jamieson suggests that the G. stands for [duill' uisge],
"water-leaf".
duilich
, difficult, sorry, Ir. [doiligh],
E.Ir. [dolig]; cf. Lat. [dolor], grief.
duille
, a leaf, Ir., M.Ir. [duille], W.
[dalen], M.Br. [del]; Gr.
qúlla
, leaves,
qállw
, I bloom; Ger. [dolde], umbel:
root [dh&ldot;] [dhale], bloom, sprout. Gaul.
pempe-doula
, "five leaved", is allied.
duillinnean
, customs, taxes (M`D.):
dùin
, shut, Ir. [dúnaim] "barricading"; from
[dùn], q.v.
duine
, a man, Ir., O.Ir. [duine], pl. [dóini]
(= [*duáñji], W. [dyn], pl. [dyneddon], Cor., Br. [den], [dunjó-s]:
"mortal"; Gr.
qan&eibre;in
, die,
qánatos
, death,
qnctós
; Eng. [dwine]; Skr. [dhvan], fall to
pieces.
duircein
, the seeds of the fir, etc.,
duirc-daraich
, acorns. See [dorc]. O.Ir. [derucc],
glans, is referred by Windisch to the root of [darach], q.v.
duiseal
, a whip; from M.Eng. [duschen],
strike, of Scandinavian origin, now [dowse].
dùiseal
,
dùsal
, slumber;
from Norse [dúsa], doze, Eng. [doze].
duisleannan
, ill-natured pretences, freaks
(Dialectic, H.S.D.),
dùisealan
(M`E.); from
[dúiseal]: "dreaming"?
dùisg
, awake, Ir. [dúisgim], [dúisighim],
O.Ir. [diusgea], expergefaciat, [*de-ud-sec-], root [sec] as in
[caisg], q.v.
dul
,
dula
, a noose, loop,
Ir. [dul], [dol], snare, loop, W. [dôl], noose, loop, [doli], form a
ring or loop; Gr.
dólos
, snare; Lat.
[dolus], etc.
dula
, a pin, peg, Ir. [dula]; cf. Lat.
[dolo], a pike, M.H.G. [zol], a log.
dùldachd
, a misty gloom; see [dúdlachd].
dùmhlaich
, increase in bulk; see [dòmhail].
dùn
, a heap, a fortress, Ir., O.Ir. [dún], W.
[din], Gaul. [dûnum],
-dounon
,
[*dûno-n], [*dûnos-]; Ag.S. [tún], Eng. [town], Ger. [zaun], hedge,
Norse [tún] (do.); Gr.
dúnasqai
, can.
Root [deva], [dû], to be strong, hard, whence also [dùr].
dunach
,
dunaidh
, woe; from
[dona]?
dùr
, dull, stubborn, Ir., E.Ir. [dúr], W.
[dir], force, Br. [dir], steel, Gaul. [dûrum], fortress, [*dûro-],
Lat. [dûrus]. For further connections see [dûn].
dùrachd
,
dùthrachd
, good
wish, wish, diligence, Ir. [dúthrachd], O.Ir. [dúthracht],
[*devo-traktu-s-], [*trakkô], press; Ag.S. [thringan], Ger.
[dringen], press forward, Eng. [throng] (Stokes). Windisch has
compared Skr. [tark], think, which may be the same as [tark] of
[tarkus], spindle, Lat. [torqueo]. Verb
dùraig
.
dùradan
,
durradan
, an
atom, mote, Ir. [dúrdán]; from the root [dûr] as in [dùr] above: "hard
bit"?
durc
, a lumpish person:
durcaisd
,
turcais
,
pincers, nippers, tweezers; from Sc. [turkas], from Fr. [turquoise],
now [tricoises], "Turkish" or farrier's pincers.
dùrd
, a syllable, sound, humming, Ir., E.Ir.
[dórd], [dordaim], mugio, W. [dwrdd], sonitus, [tordd], [*dordo-s],
root [der], sound, I.E. [dher]; Lettic [darde@?t] rattle. Further Gr.
qr&cibre;nos
, dirge,
tonqrús
, muttering, Norse [drynr], roaring, Eng.
[drone]; root [dhre].
durga
, surly, sour, Ir. [dúrganta]. Cf. Ir.
[dúranta], morose. G. seems to be from Norse [durga], sulky fellow,
Eng. [dwarf].
durlus
, water-cress; from [dur] = [dobhar]
and [lus], q.v.
durraidh
, pork, a pig,
durradh
! grumphy! Cf. [dorra].
durrag
, a worm:
durrghail
, cooing of a dove, Ir. [durdail];
also
currucadh
, q.v.
durrasgach
, nimble (Dial., H.S.D.):
dursann
, an unlucky accident, Ir. [dursan],
sorrowful, hard (O'R.); from the stem of [dorra].
dus
, dust,
duslach
, from
Eng. [dust].
dùsal
, a slumber; from the Eng. [doze]. See
[dùiseal].
dùslainn
, a gloomy, retired place:
dùth
, hereditary; see [dù].
dùthaich
, a country, district, Ir.
[dúthaigh], O.Ir. [duthoig], hereditary (M.Ir. [dúthaig], G.
dùthchas
, hereditary right: root [dû] as in [dùn]? Cf
[dù].
duthaich
, great gut (M`Lagan):
duthuil
, fluxus alvi =
dubh-ghalar
; from [dubh] and [tuil].
e
, accented
è
, he, it, Ir.
[é], [*ei-s]: root [ei],
i
; O.Lat. [eis] (= [is],
he, that), [ea], she (= [eja]); Got [is], Ger. [er], [es]; Skr.
[ayam]. The O.Ir. neuter was [ed], now
eadh
(as in
seadh
,
ni h-eadh
.
ea-
,
èa-
, privative
prefix; see [eu-].
eabar
, mud, puddle, Ir. [abar], marshy land,
Adamnan's [stagnum Aporicum], Loch-aber, E.Ir. [cann-ebor] (see
[Innear]), [*ex-bor], [*ad-bor], the [bor] of [tobar], q.v.
eabon
, ebony, so Ir.; from Lat. [ebenum],
Eng. [ebony].
eabur
, ivory, so Ir.; from Lat. [ebur].
each
, a horse, so Ir., O.Ir. [ech], W.
[ebol], colt, Br. [ebeul], Gaul. [Epo-], [*ekvo-s]; Lat. [equus];
Ag.S. [eoh], Got. [aihva-]; Skr. [açva-s].
eachdaran
,
eachdra
, a pen
for strayed sheep; see [eachdranach] for root.
eachdraidh
, a history, Ir. [eachdaireachd],
history, [eachdaire], historian, E.Ir. [echtra], adventures; from
E.Ir. prep. [echtar], without, [*ekstero], W. [eithr], extra; Lat.
[extra], [externus]; from [ex] (see
a
, [as]).
eachrais
, confusion, mess; cf. Ir.
[eachrais], a fair, E.Ir. [echtress], horse-fight. See [each] and
[treas].
èad
, jealousy; see [eud].
eadar
, between, Ir. [eidir], O.Ir. [eter],
[itir] [etar], W. [ithr], Cor. [yntr], Br. [entre], Gaul, [inter],
[*enter], i.e., [en-ter], prep. [en]; Lat. [inter]; Skr. [antár],
inside. ++
eadh
, it
seadh
, yes,
O.Ir. [ed]; see
e
.
eadh
, space, E.Ir. [ed], root [ped]; Gr.
pedíon
, a plain; Lat. [oppidum], town;
Ch.Sl. [pad], tread. Root [pedo], go, as in Eng. [foot], Lat. [pes],
[pedis], etc.
eadha
, the letter
e
, an
aspen tree, Ir. [eadhadh]:
eadhal
, a brand, burning coal (Bibl. Gloss.);
see [éibheall].
eadhon
, to wit, namely, viz, so Ir., O.Ir.
[idón], [*id-souno-], "this here"; for [id], see [eadh], and [souno-]
is from [*sou], [*so], as in [so]. Cf. Gr. [o&ubcomibre;-tos]. Stokes
(Celt. Decl.) takes [id] from [it], is, goes, root
i
, go, of Lat. [eo], Gr.
e&icomibre;mi
, etc.; he regards [id] as part of the
verb substantive.
eadradh
, milking time, Ir. [eadarthra], noon,
milking time; from [eadar]+[tràth].
eadraig
, interpose,
eadragainn
, interposition, Ir. [eadargán], separation;
from [eadar].
eag
, a nick, notch, Ir. [feag], Manx [agg],
W. [ag], cleft, [*eggâ-]: [peg]?
eagal
,
feagal
, fear, Ir.
[eaguil], [eagla], E.Ir. [ecla], O.Ir. [ecal] (adj.), [*ex-gal]; see
[gal], valour.
eagan
, perhaps; Dialectic for [theagamh].
eagar
, order, row, so Ir., E.Ir. [ecor],
[*áith-cor]; from [aith-] and [cuir].
eaglais
, a church, Ir. [eagluis], O.Ir.
[eclais], W. [eglwys], Br. [ilis]; from Lat. [ecclêsia], Eng.
[ecclesiastic].
eagna
, wisdom, so Ir., O.Ir. [écne],
[*aith-gen-]; see [aith-] and [gen] of [aithne]. In fact [aithne] and
[eagna] are the same elements differently accented ([*aith-gén-],
[áith-gen-].
eàirlig
, want, poverty,
airleig
; cf. [airleag], lend, borrow.
eàirlin
, keel, bottom, end: [*air-lann]; see
[lann], land.
eàirneis
, furniture; see [airneis].
eala
, a swan, so Ir., M.Ir. [ela], W.
[alarch], Corn. [elerhc], [*elaio], [*elerko-s]; Gr.
&ecom;léa
, reedwarbler,
&ecom;las&aibre;s
, grosbeak,
&ecom;le&aibre;s
, owl,
&ecom;leiós
, falcon; Lat. [olor], swan. Gr.
péleia
, wild dove, Lat. [palumba],
dove, O.Prus. [poalis] (do.), have been suggested.
ealach
,
ealachainn
, a peg
to hang things on, E.Ir. [alchuing], [elchuing], dat. [alchaing], pl.
[alchningi].
ealadh
, learning, skill, ealaidh, knack, Ir.
[ealadh], E.Ir. [elatha], gen. [elathan], W. [el], intelligence: root
[el]::[al] (of [eilean])?
èaladh
,
euladh
, a creeping
along (as to catch game), Ir. [euloighim] steal away, E.Ir. [élaim],
I. flee, O.Ir. [élud], evasio; Ger. [eilen], hasten, speed; root [ei],
i
, go, Lat. [i-re], etc. Hence [èalaidhneach],
creeping cold. Strachan derives it from [*ex-lâjô], root [lâ], [ela],
go, Gr.
elaúno
(as in [eilid], etc.).
Stokes now [*ass-lúim].
ealag
, a block, hacking-stock; see [ealach].
ealaidh
, an ode, song, music; see [ealadh].
ealamh
,
eathlamh
, quick,
expert, Ir. [athlamh], E.Ir. [athlom], [athlam], [*aith-lam]; [*lam]
is allied to [làmh], hand ("handy" is the idea). See [ullamh] for
discussion of the root [lam].
ealbh
, a bit, tittle, Ir. [ealbha], a
multitude, a drove, W. [elw], goods, profit, [*elvo-]; cf. Gaul.
[Elvetios], [Elvio], etc.; [*pel-vo-], root [pel], full?
ealbhar
, a good for nothing fellow (Suth.);
from Norse [álfr], elf, a vacant, silly person.
ealbhuidh
, St John's wort, Ir. [eala bhuidh]
(O'R.): ++
ealg
, noble, so Ir., E.Ir. [elg]: [Innis
Ealga] = Ireland. Cf. [Elgin], Glen-[elg].
ealla
nothing ado ("Gabh [ealla] ris" - have
nothing ado with him):
eallach
, burden, so Ir., M.Ir. [eallach],
trappings or load; cf. Ir. [eallach], a drove, O.Ir. [ellach],
conjunctio, [*ati-slogos] (Zimmer), from [sluagh]. See [uallach] and
[ealt].
eallach
, cattle (Arran), so Ir.: cf. O.Ir.
[ellach], conjunction, [*ati-slôgos] (Zimmer).
eallsg
, a scold, shrew:
ealt
,
ealta
, a covey,
drove, flock, Ir. [ealta], E.Ir. [elta]: [*ell-tavo-], from [peslo-],
a brute, Cor. [ehal], pecus; O.H.G., [fasal], Ag.S. [fäsl], proles
(Stokes for Cor.). See [àl]. Ascoli joins O.Ir. [ellach], union,
and Ir. [eallach], a drove, cattle, with [ealt]. See [eallach].
ealltuinn
, a razor, Ir. [ealtín], O.Ir.
[altan], W. [ellyn], O.Cor. [elinn], O.Br. [altin], Br. [aotenn],
[*(p)altani]; Ger. [spalten], cleave; Skr. [pa]t, split; Old.Sl.
ras-[platti], cut in two.
eaman
, tail; see [feaman], q.v.
eanach
, honour, praise, E.Ir. [enech],
honour, also face; hence "regard" (Ascoli): [*aneqo-], W. [enep]; root
[oq] of Lat. [oc-ulus], etc.
eanach
, dandriff, scurf, down:
eanach-gàrraidh
, endive, Ir.
[eanach-garraidh]; evidently a corruption of Lat. [endiva] (Cameron).
eanchaill
,
eanchainn
,
brains, Ir. [inchinn], E.Ir. [inchind], W. [ymmenydd], Cor.
[impinion] (= [in]+[pen-]), [in]+[ceann], "what is in the head".
eang
, foot, footstep, track, bound, Ir.
[eang], E.Ir. [eng], track; cf. root [ong] given for [theagamh].
eang
, a gusset, corner; cf. Lat. [angulus],
Eng. [angle].
eangach
, a fetter, net, Ir. [eangach], a net,
chain of nets. From [eang], foot.
eangarra
, cross-tempered (H.S.D.): "having
angles"; from [eang].
eangbhaidh
, high-mettled, M.Ir. [engach],
valiant; from [eang], a step.
eangladh
, entanglement; possibly from the
Eng. [tangle]; not likely founded on [eangach].
eanghlas
, gruel, milk and water, Ir.
[eanghlais], E.Ir. [englas] (fem.
a
stem), milk
and water, green water (Corm.), from [in] and M.Ir. [glas], milk,
[*glagsa]; Gr.
glágos
,
gála(ktos)
, milk, Lat. [lac] (= [*glak-t]).
Cormac says it is from [en], water, and [glas], grey. [en] = water,
[*pino] (St.).
eanntag
, nettles; see [deanntag].
eanraich
,
eanbhruith
,
soup, juice of boiled flesh, Ir. [eanbhruithe], E.Ir. [enbruthe], from
[in] and [bruith], boil. Corm. and O'Cl. have an obsolete [broth],
[bruithe], flesh, and explain it as "water of flesh". For [en],
water, see [eanghlas]. Most dialects make it "chicken-soup", as from
[eun]+[bruith].
ear
,
an ear
, the east,
from the east, Ir. [soir], eastern, [anoir], from the east, O.Ir.
[an-air], ab oriente; really "from before", the prep. [an] ([*apona])
of [a nall] (see
a
, from), and [air] (= [*ari]),
before. The observer is supposed to face the sun. The opposite is
iar
,
an iar
, from [iar], behind,
q.v.
earail
, an exhortation, O.Ir. [eráil],
[iráil], [*air-áil]; from [àill], desire. Hence
earal
, provision, caution.
earar
,
an earar
, the day
after to-morrow, Ir. [oirthior], eastern, day following, day after
to-morrow, O.Ir. [airther], eastern, [*ariteros] [*pareiteros] (Gr.
paroíteros
), comparative of [air],
before.
eararadh
, a parching of corn in a pot before
grinding: [*air-aradh], root [ar], as in Lat. [aridus], arid?
earasaid
, a square of tartan worn over the
shoulders by females and fastened by a brooch, a tartan shawl:
[*air-asaid]? Cf. [asair] for root.
earb
, a roe, so Ir., E.Ir. [erb], O.Ir.
[heirp], [*erbi-s], Gr.
&ecom;/rifos
.
earb
, trust (vb.),
earbsa
(n.), Ir. [earbaim], O.Ir. [erbaim], [nomerpimm], confido, [*erbiô],
let, leave; M.H.G. [erbe], bequeath, Ger. [erbe], heir, Got. [arbja],
heir: all allied to Lat. [orbus], Eng. [orphan].
earball
, a tail, so Ir., E.Ir. [erball],
[*áir-ball]; from [air] (= [*ari]) and [ball], q.v. [urball] in Arran
and the West.
earc
, heifer (Carm.), cow, Ir. [earc], E.Ir.
[erc], cow (Corm.):
earchall
,
earachall
,
misfortune: [*air-cáll]; from [air] and [call], q.v.
earghalt
, arable land; [air]+[geadhail],
which see.
eargnaich
, inflame, enrage: [*áir-gon-]; from
[air] and [gon]? Also [feargnaich], which suggests [fearg] as root.
earlachadh
, preparing food (Suth.); from old
adj. [erlam], ready. See [ullamh].
eàrlaid
, expectation, trust: [*ari-lanti-],
root [lam] of [lamh].
eàrlas
, earnest, arles; see [airleas].
eàrnach
, murrain, bloody flux in cattle:
eàrr
, end, tail, Ir. [earr], E.Ir. [err],
[*ersâ]; Gr.
&ocom;/rros
, rump; Ag.S.
[ears], Eng.
earr
, scar (Lewis); Norse [örr], [arr] (do.).
earrach
, spring, so Ir., O.Ir. [errech]
[*persâko-], from [pers], which is from [per], as [eks], (= [ex]) is
from [ek]; [per], before, Lat. [per], [prœ], Eng. [for], [fore];
as in [air], (= [ari]). The idea is the "first of the year". Cf.
Ger. [fru"hling], spring, of like descent. Such is Stokes'
derivation. Another view is that [earrach] is from [eàrr], end (cf.
for form [tòs] and [toiseach], and [earrach], lower extremity) meaning
the "end of the year', the [céitein], May, "first of summer", being
the beginning of the year. Not allied to Lat. [ver].
earradh
, clothes, so Ir., E.Ir. [earrad],
[eirred], [*áir-rêd], [*ari-reido-n]; from [reid] of [réidh]. Eng.
[array] comes from the Gaul. equivalent ([*ad-rêdare]), and Eng.
[ready] is allied. Hence
earradh
, wares.
earradhubh
, the wane, the wane of the moon:
[*earr]+[dubh]?
earrag
, a taunt (a blow, Arms.):
earrag
, a shift, refuge, attempt (H.S.D.,
from MSS.):
earraghlóir
, vain glory: [*er-glòir]; the
[er] is the intensie particle; Lat. [per].
earraid
, a tip-staff,
tearraid
,
tarraid
(Dial.): form Eng.
[herald]?
earraigh
, a captain (H.S.D.); see [urra].
earran
, a portion, Ir. [earrunn], M.Ir.
[errand], [*áir-rann]; from [rann], portion.
earras
, wealth; see [earradh].
earrlait
, ground manured one year and
productive next (Carm.):
eàrr-thalmhuinn
, yarrow; see
[athair-thalmhuinn].
eas
, a waterfall, Ir. [eas], g. [easa], E.Ir.
[ess], g. [esso], [*esti-] [*pesti]; Skr. [â-patti], mishap
("mis-fall"); Lat. [pessum], down, [pestis], a pest; Slav. [na-pasti],
casus (Bez.).
eas-
, privative prefix, Ir. [eas-], O.Ir.
[es-], W. [eh-], Gaul. [ex-], [*eks]. See
a
,
[as], ot.
easach
, thin water-gruel; from [eas].
easag
, a pheasant, a squirrel (M`D.), Ir.
[easóg], pheasant (Fol.), weasel, squirrel. For the "squirrel-weasel"
force, see [neas], [nios]. As "pheasant", it may be founded on the
M.Eng. [fesaunt], O.Gr. [faisan].
easaraich
, boiling of a pool, ebullition,
bustle; from G. and Ir.
esar
, a cataract, from
[eas]. [*ess-rad-]?
easar-chasain
, thorough-fare; cf. [aisir].
easbalair
, a trifling, handsome fellow
(M`A.):
easbaloid
, absolutino, Ir. [easbalóid]; from
Lat. [absolution].
easbhuidh
, want, defect, so Ir., E.Ir.
[esbuid], [*ex-buti-s], "being out" of it; from roots [as] and [bu],
q.v.
easbuig
, a bishop, Ir. [easbog], O.Ir.
[espoc], [epscop], W. [esgob], Br. [eskop]; from Lat. [episcopus],
whence Eng. [bishop]. ++
easg
, a ditch, fen, Ir.
[easgaidh], quagmire, [easc], water, E.Ir. [esc], water, fen-water,
O.British
&Icom;ska
, the Exe (Scotch
[Esks]), [*iskâ], water, [*(p)idskâ]; Gr.
p&iibre;dax
, well,
pidúw
, gush. The W. [wysg], stream, O.W. [uisc]
requires, [*eiskâ], from [peid], [pîd].
easg
,
eagann
, eel, Ir.
[eascu], g. [eascuinne], O.Ir. [escung], "fen-snake", i.e. [esc], fen,
and [ung], snake, Lat. [anguis]. See [easg], ditch. ++
easga
, the moon (a name for it surviving in Braemar
last century), O.Ir. [ésca], [ésce], [œsca], [*eid-skio-]; from
root [eid], [îd], as in Lat. [idus], the [ides], "full light", i.e.
full moon (Stokes): [*encscaio-], Skr. [pñjas], light, Gr.
féggos
, light (Strachan).
easgaid
, hough; better [iosgaid], q.v.
èasgaidh
, ready, willing, Ir. [éasguidh],
E.Ir. [escid], W. [esgud], Br. [escuit]; from [eu-] and [sgìth], q.v.
easgraich
, a torrent, coarse mixture; see
[easg].
easp
, door latch (Lewis); Norse, [hespa]
(do.).
easradh
, ferns collected to litter cattle,
E.Ir. [esrad], strewing, [*ex-sratu-], root [ster], strew, Lat.
[sternere], etc. See [casair], bed, under [caisil-chrò].
easriach
, boiling of a pool, bustle; see
[easaraich].
eathar
, a boat, Ir. [eathar], ship, boat,
O.Ir. [ethar], a boat, [*itro-], "journeyer"; from [ethaim], I go,
[*itâo], go, root [ei],
i
; Lat. [eo]; Gr.
&ecomibre;imi
; Lit. [eimi]; Skr. [émi].
eatorra
, betweeen them, so Ir., O.Ir.
[etarro], [*et&rdot;-so], [*enter-sôs]. For [sôs], see [sa].
éibh
, cry; see [éigh].
eibheadh
, the aspen, letter
e
, Ir. [eadha]; also [eadhadh], q.v.
éibheall
,
éibhleag
, a live
coal, spark, Ir. [eibhleóg], E.Ir. [óibell], spark, fire, W. [ufel],
fire, [*oibelos], fire, spark (Stokes).
éibhinn
, joyous; see [aoibhinn].
eibhrionnach
,
eirionnach
,
a young gelded goat; from Sc. [aiver] (do.), with G. termination of
[firionnach], etc. [Aiver] is also [aver], worthless old horse, any
property, Eng. [aver], property, from Lat. [habere].
éideadh
,
éididh
, clothing,
a suit; see [aodach].
eidheann
, ivy, Ir. [eidhean], E.Ir. [edenn],
W. [eiddew], Cor. [idhio], [*(p)edenno-], root [ped], fasten, hold on;
Lat. [pedica], a fetter; Eng. [fetter], etc. For sense, cf. Lat.
[hedera], ivy, from [ghed], catch, [prœhendo], Eng. [get].
eididh
, a web; apparently a shortened form of
[éideadh].
éifeachd
, effect, so Ir.; from Lat.
[effectus].
eige
, a web,
eididh
(on
analogy of
éididh
, [*veggiâ], root of [figh].
eigh
, ice; see [deigh]. Hence
eighre
,
oighre
, Ir. [oidhir], E.Ir.
[aigred], W. [eiry], snow.
eigh
, a file, Ir. [oighe]: [*agiâ]; root [ag]
of Eng. [axe], Got [aqizi].
éigh
, a cry, Ir. [éigheamh], O.Ir. [égem],
Celtic root [eig]; Lettic [ígt]. Cf. also Lat. [aeger] (Stokes, Zim).
eighreag
, a cloudberry; see [oighreag].
éiginn
, necessity, Ir. [éigin], O.Ir. [écen],
W. [angen], [*enknâ] (Stokes); Gr.
&acom;nágkc
(= [&acom;n-ágkc]). Allied by root
([ank]:[enk]) to [thig], etc.
eildeir
, an elder; from the Scotch, Eng.
[elder].
eile
, other, another, Ir. [eile], O.Ir.
[aile], W. [aill], [all], Br. [eil], [all], Gaul. [allo-], [*aljo-],
[*allo-]; Lat. [alius]; Gr.
&acom;/llos
;
Eng. [else].
eileach
, mill-race, mill-dam, embankment;
from [ail], stone, "stone-work".
eilean
, an Island, Ir. [oilean], E.Ir.
[ailén]; from Norse [eyland], Eng. [island].
eilean
, training; see [oilean].
eileir
, the notch on the staves of a cask
where the bottom is fixed. (In Arg. [èarrach]):
eileir
, a deer's walk,
eileirig
, where deer were driven to battue them. Hence
the common place-name [Elrick]. Bk.of Deer [in d-elerc]?
eileir
, sequestered region, etc.; see
[eilthir].
eilgheadh
, levelling of a field for sowing,
first ploughing; cf. Ir. [eillgheadh], burial, to which Stokes cfs.
Umbrian [pelsatu], Gr.
qáptein
,
[pelsans], sepeliundus. H.Maclean compared the Basque [elge], field.
eilid
, a hind, so Ir., O.Ir. [elit], W.
[elain], cerva, [*elinti-s], [*elanî], Gr.
&ecom;llós
, fawn, [&ecom;/lafos] (= [&ecom;/lnfos]), stag;
Lit [élnis], stag; Arm. [e
&lgr;
n]; etc.
eilig
, willow-herb, epilobium; from Lat.
[helix].
eilitriom
, a bier (H.S.D. for Heb.), Ir.
[eletrom], [eleathrain], M.Ir. [eilitrum]; from Lat. [feretrum]
(Stokes).
eilthir
, a foreign land,
eilthireach
, a pilgrim, Ir. [oilithreach], O.Ir.
[ailithre], pilgrimage; from [eile] and [tìr], q.v.
eiltich
, rejoice:
eineach
, bounty, Ir. [oineach]. Cf. O.Ir.
[ainech], protectio, root [nak], attain, as in [tiodhlac]. Hence the
H.S.D.
eineachlann
, protection (from Ir.).
eirbhe
, dyke or wall between crop-land and
hill-land (M`F.):
eirbheirt
, moving, stirring; E.Ir. [airbert],
use, [airbiur], dego, fruor: [air] and [beir], q.v.
eirbhir
, asking indirectly: "side-say";
[air]+[beir]; cf. [abair].
eirbleach
, slack-jointed or crippled person;
cf. Sc. [hirplock], lame creature, [hirple]. The possibility of
[air-ablach] (cf. [conablach]) should be kept in view.
eirc-chomhla
, portcullis (M`D.):
eire
, a burden, Ir. [eire], E.Ir. [ere],
O.Ir. [aire]: [*pario], root of [air]. Cf. Lat. [porto].
eireachd
, an assembly, Ir. [óireachdus],
E.Ir. [airecht], O.Ir. [airect], [*air-echt], [echt] being from the
root of [thig]. Stokes refers it to the same origin as W. [araeth],
speech, root [req], as in O.Slav. [reka], speak, Lat. [raccare], cry
as a lion.
eareachdail
, handsome, O.Ir. [airegde],
præstans, from [aire(ch)], primas. See [airidh].
eireag
, a pullet, young hen, Ir. [eireog]
(Fol., O'R.), M.Ir. [eirin], W. [iaren], Cor. [yar], gallina, Br.
[iarik], [*jari-], hen; Lit. [jerube@?], heathcock, N.Slav.
[jertŭ], nuthatch (Bez.).
eireallach
, a monster, clumsy old carle
(Dial., H.S.D.); from [eire].
eiriceachd
, heresy, so Ir., E.Ir. [éres],
O.Ir. [heretic], hereticus; from the O.Ir. form somehow, which itself
is from Lat. [hœreticus].
éirich
, rise,
éirigh
,
rising, Ir. [éirighim], [éirghe], E.Ir. [érigim], [éirgim], inf. O.Ir.
[éirge], [érge], [*eks-regô]; Lat. [ērigo], erect, Eng.
[erect], [rego], I govern; Gr. [&ocom;régw], extend; Eng. [right]; I.E.
root [reg]. See [rach].
eiridinn
, attendance, patience, O.Ir.
[airitiu], g. [airiten], reception, [airema], suscipiat,
[*ari-em-tin-], root [em], grasp, take; Lat. [emo], buy; Lit. [imù],
hold.
éirig
, ransom, Ir. [éiric], E.Ir. [éric],
[éiricc]: [*es-recc], "buying or selling out", from [reic]. Vb.
[as-renim], reddo, enclitic [érnim], impendo.
eirmis
, hit, find out, O.Ir. [ermaissiu],
attaining, [irmadatar], intelligunt, [irmissid], intelligatis,
[*air-mess-], [*air-med-]; root, [med], as in [meas], judgement, q.v.
éis
, delay, impediment; founded on [déis]?
éisd
, listen, hear, Ir. [éisdim], O.Ir.
[étsim]. Ascoli analyses it into [*étiss], [*aith-do-iss], animum
instare; the [iss] he doubtless means as from the reduplicated form of
the root [sta] (cf. O.Ir. [air-issim], I stand). [an-tus-], great
silence! Cf. Ir. [éist do bhéal] = hush! Root of [tosd].
eisg
,
eisgear
, satirist,
Ir. [eigeas], pl. [eigse], a learned man, E.Ir. [écess]:
[*ád-gen-s-to]? See [eagna].
eisimeil
, dependence, obligation, M.Ir.
[esimol], [an esimul], [*ex-em-mo-lo], root [em] of [eudail]. Cf.
Lat. [exemplum].
eisiomplair
, example, Ir. [eisiompláir],
M.Ir. [esimplair]; from Lat. [exemplar].
eisir
,
eisiridh
, oyster,
Ir. [eisir], [oisre]; from M.Eng. [oistre], from Lat. [ostrea].
eisleach
, the withe that ties the tail-beam
to the pack-saddle, crupper:
éislean
, grief: [*an-slàn]; cf. Ir.
[eislinn], weak, E.Ir. [eslinn] (do.): [*ex-slàn]; see [slàn].
eislinn
, boards on which the corpse is laid,
a shroud (H.S.D., from MSS.; M`E.):
eite
, unhusked ear of corn (M`E.):
éite
,
éiteadh
, stretching,
extending:
eiteach
, burnt roots of heath:
éiteag
, white pebble, precious stone; from
Eng. [hectic], lapis [hecticus], the white hectic stone, used as a
remedy against dysentery and diarrhœa (Martin, [West Isles],
134). See [eitig].
eitean
, a kernel, grain, Ir. [eitne]
[eithne], E.Ir. [eitne] (n.).
eithich
, false, perjured, Ir. [eitheach], a
lie, perjury, O.Ir. [ethech], perjurium; root [pet], fall? Cf. Ir.
[di-thech], denial on oath, [for-tach], admission on oath, [di-tongar
i. séntar], [fortoing], proved by oath: [*tongô], swear. See
[freiteach] for root.
eitich
, refuse, Ir. [eitighim]. For root,
etc., see under [freiteach].
éitigh
, fierce, dismal, O.Ir. [étig], turpe,
[adétche], abomination. Scarcely [*an-teg-], "un-wonted,
un-[house]-like" (Zim.), for G. would be [éidigh]. This Stokes (Bez.
Beit
21
) makes [*an-teki-s], not fair, W.
[têg], fair, Gr.
tíktw
, produce,
téknon
, child, Eng. [thing]. Still G.
should be [éidigh].
eith
, go (Sutherland),
dh'eithinn
, would go, Ir. [eathaim], E.Ir. [ethaim],
[*itâô]; root [ei],
i
; Lat. [ire], [itum]; Gr.
e&icomibre;mi
, etc.
eitig
, consumption; from Sc. [etick], from
Fr. [étique], [hectique], Eng. [hectic].
eitreach
, storm, sorrow: [*aith-ter-]? See
[tuirse].
eòisle
, a charm; a metathesis of [eòlas].
eòl
,
eòlas
, knowledge, Ir.
[eól], [eolas], E.Ir. [eólas], O.Ir. [heulas], [d-eulus]:
[*ivo-lestu]?
eòrna
, barley, Ir. [eórna], E.Ir. [eorna],
[*jevo-rnio-], [*jevo-]; Gr.
zeiá
,
spelt; Skr. [yáva], corn, barley; Lit. [jawai], corn.
eothanachadh
, languishing (H.S.D. gives it as
Dial.; M`E.); see [feodhaich].
eu-
, negative prefix, Ir. [ea-], [éu-], O.Ir.
[é-]. It stands for [an-] before
c
,
t
,
p
, and
s
. See [an-].
eucail
, disease: [an]+[cáil], q.v.
euchd
, a feat, exploit, Ir. [éachd], feat,
covenant, condition; E.Ir. [écht], murder, slaughter, from [éc]
(St.).
euchdag
, a fair maid, a charmer: "featsome
one", from [euchd].
eud
, jealousy, zeal, Ir. [éad], O.Ir. [ét],
W. [addiant] (= [add-iant]), longing, regret, Gaul. [iantu-] in
Iantumarus, [*jantu-]; Skr.
[yatná], zeal; Gr.
zctéw
, seek,
z&cibre;los
, zeal, Eng. [zeal]; root [jâ], [jat],
strive.
eudail
, treasure, cattle, Ir. [éadáil],
[eudáil], profit, prey, E.Ir. [étail], treasure, booty, E.Ir. [ét],
herds, riches: [*em-tâli-], root [em], hold, as in Lat. [emo] (see
[eiridinn]). Also
feudail
. [éd] = [áirneis no
spréidh], O'Cl.
eug
, death, Ir. [eug], O.Ir. [éc], W.
[angeu], Cor. and O.Br. [ancou], [*enku-s], [*enkevo-]; Lat. [nex],
death; Gr.
nékus
, corpse; Skr. [nac@?],
perish.
eugais
,
eugmhais
,
as eugais
, without, Ir. [égmhuis], want, dispensation,
E.Ir. [écmais]: [*an-comas], "non-power"?
eug-
, negative prefix, as in
eugsamhuil
= [an-con-samuil]: see [cosmhail].
euladh
, creeping away; see [èaladh].
eumhann
, a pearl (H.S.D. from MSS.), O.Ir.
[ném], g. [némann], pearl, [níam], sheen, [níamda], bright, W. [nwyf],
vigour, [nwyfiant], brightness, vigour: [*neim]. Cf. [neamhnuid].
eun
, a bird, Ir. [eun], O.Ir. [én], O.W.
[etn], W. [edn], Cor. [hethen], Br. [ezn], [*etno-s], [*petno-], root
[pet], fly; Gr.
pétomai
, fly,
petcná
, fowls; Lat. [penna], wing; Eng.
[feather]; Skr. [pátati], fly. Hence
eunlaith
,
birds, E.Ir. [énlaith].
eur
, refuse, Ir. [eura], refusal, E.Ir.
[éra], [eraim], [*ex-rajo-] (n.), root [râ], give, W. [rhoi], give,
Cor. [ry], Br. [reiff], give; Skr. [ráti], give, Zend [râ]. See
[rath], luck, favour.
fa
, under, Ir. [fa], E.Ir. [fa] (as in
distributive numbers); a side form of [fo], q.v., used in adverbial
expressions. ++
fa
, was (past of
is
), M.G. [fa] (D.of Lis.), Ir. [fa], [fa h-] (Keat.),
M.Ir. [fa h-], E.Ir. [ba h-], [*bât], [*(e)bhu-â-t]; Lat. [-bat],
[-bamus], of [refe-bam], etc.; root [bheu], to be. See [bu], the form
now used.
fàbhar
, favour, Ir. [fábhar], W. [ffafr];
from Lat. [favor].
fabhd
, a fault; from Sc. [faut], from Fr.
[faute].
fabhra
,
fabhrad
,
abhra
, eyelid, eyebrow, Ir. [abhra], [fabhra], eyelid,
E.Ir. [abra], n.pl. [abrait], Cor. [abrans], Br. [abrant], eyebrow,
Mac. Gr.
&acom;bro&uibre;tes
; further
&ocom;frús
, brow, Eng. [brow]. There is an E.Ir.
[bra], pl. [brói], dual [brúad], [*bruvat-]. The phonetics are not
clear. Stokes has suggested Lat. [frons], [frontis], as allied,
[*bhront-] with the prep. [a(p)o] (= E.Ir. [-a-]), ab.
fabhradh
, swirl, eddy (Carm.). Cf. O.Ir.
[fobar] (St.).
facal
,
focal
, word, Ir.
[focal], O.Ir. [focul], from Lat. [vocabulum] (through [*focvul],
Güterbock). Stokes and Wind. take it from Lat. [vocula].
fachach
, the puffin - a water fowl (Sh.);
root [va], blow? Onomatopoetic: [f-ah-ah], call of bird?
fachail
, strife (Sh.; H.S.D. marks it
Dialectic); cf. Ir. [fachain], striving.
fachant
, puny (H.S.D. for N.High.):
fachaint
, ridicule, scoffing; from
[fo-cainnt], "sub-speaking". Cf. W. [gogan], satire, Br. [goge],
[*vo-can], root [can], sing, say.
fad
,
fad
, long, Ir. [fad],
O.Ir. [fota], longus, [fot], length, [*vad-dho-] or [vaz-dho-], Lat.
[vastus], vast? Hence
fadal
, delay, desiderium,
Keat. [faddáil], "long delay", from [fad] and [dáil].
fàdadh
,
fadadh
, kindling,
Ir. [fadadh], [fadaghadh], [fadógh] (Keat.), Mid.Ir. [fatód], E.Ir.
[átúd], which Zimmer analyses as [*ad-soud] ([soud] of [iompaidh]),
but unsatisfactorily; E.Ir. [adsúi] tenid, kindles, [adsúithe],
kindled (Meyer). Cf. [fód].
fadharsach
, trifling, paltry,
fagharsach
:
fadhbhag
, cuttle-fish:
fafan
, a breeze:
fàg
, leave, Ir. [fágaim], O.Ir. [foacbaim],
[fácbaim], [*fo-ad-gab-]; root [gab] of [gabh], q.v.
fagus
,
faisg
, near, Ir.
[fogus], E.Ir. [focus], [ocus], O.Ir. [accus], W. [agos], Br.
[hôgoz], [*aggostu-]. See [agus].
faic
, see, Ir. [faic], O.Ir. [im-aci],
vides-ne, [*ád-cî], see [chì]. The
f
is
prothetic.
faich
,
faiche
, a green (by
the house), Ir., E.Ir. [faithche], the field nearest the house, E.Ir.
[faidche], [*ad-cáio-], "by the house", Celtic [kaio-n], house; see
[ceardach]. Ascoli refers it to O.Ir. [aith], area (an imaginary
word), and Jubainville allies it with W. [gwaen], plain, Ger. [weide]
(see [bhàn] for W.).
faiche
, a crab, or lobster's, burrow (M`A.);
see [aice]:
faichd
, hiding place, den, mole's burrow; see
[aice].
faicheil
, stately, showy; cf. Ir.
[faicheallach], luminous:
faicill
, caution, guard, E.Ir. [accill],
preparation, watch: [*ád-ciall]; from [ciall], sense? CF. [dìchioll].
fàidh
, a prophet, Ir. [fáidh], O.Ir. [fáith],
[*vâti-s]; Lat. [vates]; Norse [óðr], sense, song, M.Eng. [wood], Sc.
[wud] (= mad), Ger. [with], rage. W. has [gwawd], carmen: [*vâto-].
faidhbhile
, a beech, Ir. [feagha],
[fagh-vile] (Lh., [Comp.Voc.]), W. [ffawydden], Br. [fao]; from Lat.
[fagus]. G. adds the old word [bile], a tree, which is the same in
origin as [bile], leaf.
faidhir
, a fair, Ir. [faidhrín]; founded on
Eng. [fair], [faire] (from Lat. [feria]). For phonetics, cf.
[paidhir] from [pair], and [staidhir] from [stair].
faidseach
, lumpish (Sh.);
faidse
, lump of bread (M`A.):
faigh
, get, Ir. [faghaim], E.Ir. [fagbaim],
O.Ir. [ní fogbai], non invenis, from [fo-gabim], root [gab] of [gabh],
q.v.
faighe
, begging, etc.; see [faoighe].
faighnich
,
foighnich
, ask:
[*vo-gen-], root [gen], know, as in [aithne]. Cf. E.Ir. [imma
foacht], asked. Windisch refers to [iar-faigim], [iarfacht], I asked,
= [iarmifoacht], root [ag], say. [iarmi-fo-siag] (St. R.C.
19
177).
fail
,
foil
, corrupt,
putrefy, parboil; root [vel], bubble, boil; Norse [vella], boil, Eng.
[well], Ger. [wallen], bubble.
fail
,
foil
, a stye, Ir.
[fail], O.Ir. [foil], [mucc-foil], hara, [trét-foil], W. [gwâl],
couch, [*vali-], root [vel], cover, encircle; Gr.
e&icom;lúw
, envelop ([*velu-]),
e&icom;@?nlar
, shelter; Skr. [valá], cave, [vali],
projecting thatched roof. In the sense of "encircling, rolling", add
Lat. [volvo], [volumen], Eng. [volume], [wallow], etc. Further allied
is G. [olann], wool, Eng. [wool], Lat. [lâna], etc.
fail
,
fàil
, a ring, Ir.
[fáil], O.Ir. [foil], g. [falach], [*valex]; Gr.
&ebcom;lix
, a twist, spire, vine-tendril; root [vel],
"circle", as above in [fail]. Cf. for vowel [fàl], dike; Br.
[gwalen], "bague sans chaton". Also
failbhe
, Ir.
[failge], for
failghe
; from the stem [falach] or
[falagh] condensed to [falgh].
failc
, bathe, lave, Ir. [folcadh], O.Ir.
[folcaim], W. [golchi], Br. [goalc'hi], wash, [*volkô]; Lettic
[wa'lks], damp, [wa'lka], flowing water, swampish place. Further
allied is G. [fliuch], q.v. Possibly here place [Volcae], the Rhine
Gauls, after whom the Teutons named the Celts; whence [Wales],
[Welsh], etc.
failcin
, pot-lid (Arran),
failceann
(Rob.); from [fail], ring (Rob.).
fàile
, smell, savour; see [àile].
fàileag
, dog-brier berry (= [mucag]):
faileagan
, little lawns (Carm.): cf.
[àilean].
faileas
, shadow,
aileas
(Dial.); from [fo-leus]? or allied to [ail], mark?
failleagan
,
ailleagan
,
faillean
, root or hole of the ear,
faillean
, sucker of a tree: [*al-nio-], root [al],
nourish?
fàillig
,
fàilnich
, fail,
fàillinn
, failing, Ir. [faillighim], E.Ir. [faill],
failure, W. [gwall], Br. [goall], [*valni-]; root [val] of [feall],
q.v. Borrowing from Eng. [fail], from Lat. [fallo], is however,
possible in the modern languages.
failm
, a helm; from the Norse [hjálm], Eng.
[helm].
failmean
, kneepan (M`A.); from [fail], ring
(Rob.). See [falman].
fàilt
,
fàilte
, welcome,
hail! Ir., O.Ir. [fáilte], [*vâletiâ], root [vâl], [vel], glow; W.
[gwawl], lumen; Gr. [&acom;léa], warmth, sun's heat; Got.
[vulan], be hot, O.H.G. [walm], heat (Bez.). Cf. Caesar's
[Valetiacus]. Borrowing from Lat. [valête] seems to be Zimmer's view
(Zeit.
30
28). Rhys suggests W. [gwell];
Hend., Eng. [wealth].
fainear
, under consideration, Ir. [fa deára],
remark, [fé ndeár], [fé ndeara] (Munster). Foley gives [tabhair fa
d'aire] = "observe". "Thoir fainear" = observe, consider. The above
may be a fixed [fa d'aire] = [fa-deara], with
n
from the plural [an], their.
fainleag
, Mainleag>, a swallow, Ir.
[áinleóg], O.Ir. [fannall], W. [gwennol], Cor. [guennol], Br.
[gwenneli] [*vannello]. Cf. Fr. [vanneau], lapwing, It. [vannello],
Med.Lat. [vannellus], which is usually referred to Lat. [vannus], fan.
[*vat-n-allo-s] (Holden).
fàinne
, a ring, Ir. [fáinne], [áinne], O.Ir.
[ánne], [*ânniâ]; Lat. [ânus], Eng. [annular].
fair
,
fàir
,
far
, fetch, bring; a curtailed form of [tabhair]
through [thabhair] or [(tha)bhair]? Cf. [thoir].
fàir
, dawn, E.Ir. [fáir], W. [gwawr], Br.
[gouere-], morning, [gwereleuen], morning-star, [*vâsri-], Lit.
[vasará], summer, Skr. [vâsará], early shining, morning (adj.), Lat.
[ver], spring, Gr.
&ecom;/ar
, spring
(Stokes).
fàir
,
fàire
, ridge,
sky-line; from [fàir], dawn? Cf., however, Ir. [faireóg], hillock,
and [fàireag], below.
fairc
, bathe; see [fathraig].
fairc
, links, lands sometimes covered by the
sea (M`A., who says that in Islay it means "hole"); from Eng. [park]?
fairce
,
fairche
(M`D.), a
mallet, Ir. [farcha], [farcha], [farca], M.Ir. [farca], E.Ir. [forcha
tened], thunderbolt; root [ark] as in [adharc]?
faircill
, a cask or pot lid, E.Ir. [farcle]:
[*vor-cel-], root [cel], cover.
faire
, watching, Ir., E.Ir. [faire]; see
[aire].
fàireag
, a gland, swollen gland, Ir.
[fáireóg] (Fol., O'R.); cf. W. [chwaren], gland, blotch, root [sver],
hurt, Ger. [schwer], difficult. The W. precludes comparison with Lat.
[vărus], pimple, [varix], dilated vein, Eng. [varicose].
fairge
, the ocean,Ir. [fairrge], O.Ir.
[fairgge], Ptolemy's [Vergivios], the Irish Atlantic; from the same
root as [fearg]. In Sutherland [fairge] means the "ocean in storm".
Usually pronounced as if [fairce]. W. [Môr Werydd], the Atlantic.
fairgneadh
, hacking, sacking:
fairich
, perceive, feel, Ir. [airighim],
O.Ir. [airigur], sentio; same root as [faire] (Stokes, Beit.
8
341).
fairleas
, an object on the sky-line (H.S.D.
from MSS.); [*f-air-leus]; from [leus], light.
fairmeil
, noisy: allied to [seirm]. See
[foirm]?
fairsing
, wide, Ir., O.Ir. [fairsing], W.
[eang] (= [*ex-ang], [ehang]), [*f-ar-ex-ang]: "un-narrow", root
[ang], narrow (Stokes for W.).
fairtlich
,
fairslich
,
baffle; [*vor-t&ldot;-], "over-bear", root [tel], [tol], bear (Lat.
[tolero], Eng. [tolerate])?
faisg
, pick off vermin: for root see [caisg].
faisg
, near: see [fagus].
fàisg
, squeeze, wring, Ir. [fáisge], E.Ir.
[faiscim], W. [gwasgu]. premere, O.Br. [guescim], Br. [goascaff],
stringere, [*vakshô]; Skr. [vâhate], press; Eng. [wedge]; further
Lat. [vexo]. [*fo-ad-sech] (Asc.).
fàisne
, a pimple, weal (H.S.D., Dial.):
fàisneachd
,
fàistine
,
prophecy, omen, Ir. [fáisdineachd], [fáisdine], O.Ir. [fáitsine]; for
[fáith-sine], where [th] is deaspirated before
s
;
from [fáith], with the termination [-sine] ([-stine]?) Zeuss
2
777.
faisneis
, speaking, whispering, Ir.
[fáisnéis], rehearsal, M.Ir. [faisnéis], E.Ir. [aisnéis], vb.
[aisnédim], narrate, [*as-in-feid-], [infíadim], root [veid], [vid],
know; see [innis].
fàite
, a smile, Ir. [faitbe] (O'R.), laugh,
O.Ir. [faitbim], I laugh, [*fo-aith-tibim], [tibiu], I laugh,
[*stebiô]; Lit. [stebiůs], astonish.
faiteach
,
fàiteach
,
timorous, shy, Ir. [fáiteach], [faitcheas], fear (Keat.), O.Ir.
[faitech], cautus: [*f-ad-tech], "home-keeping"?
fàitheam
, a hem, Ir. [fáithim], [fathfhuaim];
[fo] and [fuaim]. See [fuaigh].
fàl
, turf, sods, dike, Ir. [fál], hedge,
fold, O.Ir. [fál], saepes, W. [gwawl], rampart, Pictish [fahel],
murus, [*vâlo-]; Lat. [vallum], Eng. [wall]. See further under
[fail], stye.
fàl
, a spade, peat spade, Manx [faayl], W.
[pâl], Cor. [pal]; from Lat. [pâla]. Also "scythe" (Wh.).
falach
, a hiding, covering, Ir., E.Ir.
[folach], W., Br. [golo], [*vo-lugô], [*lugô], hide, lie; Got
[liugan], tell a lie, Eng. [lie] (Stokes). Ernault refers it to the
root [legh], [logh], lie, as in G. [laighe]: "under-lie", in a
causative sense.
falachd
, spite, malice, treachery, Ir.
[fala]. See [fàillig], [feall] for root.
faladair
, orts (M`D.):
fàladair
, a scythe, really "man who works the
scythe", a turfer, from [fàl]: "scythe" properly is [iarunn fàladair].
fàladair
, bare pasture (H.S.D. for Heb.):
"turf-land", from [fàl].
fala-dhà
, a jest, irony, fun; see
[fealla-dhà].
falair
, an interment, funeral entertainment
(Stew.) = [farair]?
fàlaire
, an ambler, mare, Ir. [falaire],
ambling horse; seemingly founded on Eng. [palfrey]. The form
àlaire
, exists, in the sese of "brood-mre" (M`Dougall's
[Folk and Hero Tales]), leaning upon [àl], brood, for meaning. Ir.
[falaradh], to amble.
falaisg
, heath-burning, Ir. [folosg] (do.),
E.Ir. [foloiscim], I burn slightly; from [fo] and [loisg], q.v.
falamh
, empty, Ir. [folamh], M.Ir. [folum],
E.Ir. [folom], [folomm]; cf. O.W. [guollung], M.Br. [gollo], Br.
[goullo]. Windisch derives the G. from [lom], bare, but the modern
aspiration of [folamh] makes this derivation doubtful. Ernault refers
the Br. to the root of Lat. [langueo].
falbh
, go
falbhan
, moving
about, walking, waving, Ir. [foluamhain], bustling, running away,
E.Ir. [folúamain], flying; see [fo] and [luainech]. O.Ir. [fulumain],
volubilis, allied to Lat. [volvo], Eng. [wallow], would suit the
phonetics best, but it does not appear in the later dialects. The
verb [falbh] is made from [falbhan]. Hennessey referred the G. to
[falamh], empty. Cf. E.Ir. [falmaigim], empty, quit (Zim.).
falbhair
, the young of live stock, a follower
as a calf or foal; from the Sc. [follower], a foal, Eng. [follower].
falcag
, common auk,
falc
(Heb.); from Norse [álka], Eng. [auk].
fallaid
, dry meal put on cakes:
fallain
, healthy, Ir. [falláin], E.Ir.
[follán]; for [fo]+[slàn], q.v.
fallsa
, false (M`D.), Ir., M.Ir. [fallsa];
from the Lat. [falsus].
falluing
, a mantle, so Ir., M.Ir. [fallaing],
Latinised form [phalingis] (Geraldus), dat.pl., W. [ffaling]; from
Lat. [palla], mantle, [pallium]. Cf. O.Fr. [pallion], M.Eng.
[pallioun]. M.E. [falding], sort of coarse cloth (Hend.).
fallus
, sweat, Ir. [fallus], [allus], O.Ir.
[allas]: [*jasl], root [jas], [jes], seethe, yeast, W. [jas], what
pervades, Br. [goell] (= [vo-jes-l]), leaven; Eng. [yeast], [zeal];
Gr.
zéw
, boil.
falmadair
, the tiller: "helm-worker", from
falm
, helm, from Norse [hjálm], helm. See [failm].
falmair
, a kind of fish (H.S.D. for Heb.),
falmaire
, herring hake:
falman
, kneepan:
falt
, hair, Ir. [folt], O.Ir. [folt], W.
[gwallt], Cor. [gols], caesaries, O.Br. [guolt], [*valto-s] (Stokes),
root [vel], cover; Lat. [vellus], fleece, [lána], wool, Gr.
lásios
, hairy (= [vlatios]); Eng. [wool]; Lit.
[velti], hairs, threads. Stokes compares only Russ. [volot&ibreve;],
thread, Lit. [waltis], yarn, Gr.
lásios
.
Same root as [olann], wool, [*vel], [*vol], [*ul].
faltan
, a tendon, snood; for [altan], from
[alt].
famhair
, a giant, Ir. [fomhor], pirate,
giant, E.Ir. [fomór], [fomórach], a Fomorian, a mythic race of
invaders of Ireland; [*fo-mór], "sub-magnus" (Zimmer). Stokes refers
the [-mor], [-morach], to the same origin as [mare] of [nightmare],
Ger. [mahr], nightmare. Rhys interprets the name as "sub-marini",
taking [mor] from the root of [muir], sea. The [ó] of [mór], if it is
long (for it is rarely so marked) is against these last two
derivations.
famhsgal
,
fannsgal
, hurry,
confusion (Arg.):
famh-thalmhainn
,
fath
, a
mole,
fadhbh
(Lh.), W. [gwadd], Corn. [god], Br.
[goz]; M.Eng. [wont], talpa. Dialectic
ath-thalmhain
.
fan
, stay, Ir. [fanaim], O.Ir. [anaim]; root
[an], breathe, exist, as in [anam], [anail]: "gabhail anail" = taking
rest. Stokes suggests [an] = [&mdot;m], root [men], remain, Lat.
[maneo], Gr.
ménw
, a phonetic change not
yet proved for Gaelic. W. [di-anod], without delay.
fanaid
, mockery, Ir. [fonomhad], E.Ir.
[fonomat]: [*vo-nom-anto-], root [nem], take, for which see [nàmhad].
fanaigse
, dog violet (H.S.D. quoting O'R.),
Ir. [fanaigse] (O'R.): from [pansy]?
fànas
, a void space; from Lat. [vanus].
fang
, a sheep-pen, fank; from Sc. [fank].
fang
, a vulture, Ir. [fang], raven.
fann
, faint, Ir., E.Ir. [fann], W., Br.
[gwan], Cor. [guan], debilis, [*vanno-s], root [vâ], [ven], spoil,
wound; Got. [wunns], affliction, [winnan], to suffer, Eng. [wound],
[wan]; Gr.
&acom;/te
, infatuation, etc.
Others have connected it with Lat. [vannus] and with Eng. [want].
[fannan-feòir], weak breeze (M`D.).
fannadh
, fishing with a feathered hook
(H.S.D. for Heb.):
faob
, an excrescence, knob, piece, Ir.
[fadhb] (Lh.++), O.Ir. [odb], obex, W. [oddf]: [*ud-bhv-o-],
"out-growth", root [bhu], be (see [bu]). Stokes gives a Celtic
[*odbós], from [eðgo-s], [ozgo-s](?), allied to Gr.
&ocom;/shc
, twig? Lat. [obex]; or to Lit.
[ůdega], tail. Lidén equates Lat. [offa], a ball. Stokes now
&ocom;sfús
.
faobh
, booty, Ir. [fadhbhaim], I despoil,
O.Ir. [fodb], exuvias: [*vodvo-], from I.E. [vedh], slay, thrust; Skr.
[vadh], slay; Gr.
&wcom;qéw
, push. The
root may be [vedh], pledge, Gr.
&acom;/eqlon
, war prize, Eng. [wager].
faobhag
, the common cuttle-fish (Heb.).
faobhar
, edge, so Ir., E.Ir. [faebur], O.Ir.
[faibur], machera, sword, [*vaibro-s], Lat. [vibro], vibrate,
brandish, Lit. [wyburti], wag (Stokes). Cf. further W. [gwaew], pl.
[gweywyr], a lance.
faoch
,
faochag
, a
periwinkle, Ir. [faochóg], M.Ir. [faechóg]; cf. W. [gwichiad].
faoch
, curve (Carm.):
faochadh
, a favourable crisis in sickness,
relief; see [faothaich].
faochainn
, entreat earnestly, strive, inf.
faochnadh
(M`A., Arg.):
faochaire
, knave (Carm.):
faod
,
feud
, may, Ir.
[féadaim], I can, E.Ir. [fétaim], can, [sétar], [seitir], potest,
[*sventô]; Got. [swinþs], strong, Ag.S. [swíð] (do.), Norse [svinnr],
clever, Ger. [geschwind], swift (Stokes).
fadail
, goods found by chance or lost, waif:
"foundling", E.Ir. [étaim], I find, [*pentô], Eng. [find]. See
[eudail].
faodhail
, ford, a narrow channel fordable at
low water, a hollow in the sand retaining tide water: from N.
[vaðill], a shallow, a place where straits can be crossed, Shet
[vaadle], Eng. [wade].
faoghaid
,
faghaid
,
faodhailt
, starting of game, hunting:
faoghar
, a sound; see rather [foghar].
faoighe
,
faighdhe
,
begging, asking of aid in corn, etc., M.Ir. [faigde], O.Ir. [foigde],
mendicatio, [*fo-guide]; from [fo] and [guidhe], beg, q.v.
faoilidh
, liberal, hospitable, Ir.
[faoilidh], joyful, O.Ir. [fáilidh], blithe, [*vâleti-s], allied to
[fáilt], welcome (Stokes). Hence
faoilte
, welcome,
delight. Root, [*vil], Gr.
&ibcom;larós
,
gay?
faoileag
,
faoileann
, a
sea-gull, Ir. [faoileán], O.Ir. [faoilenn], W. [gwylan], Br.
[gwelan], whence Fr. [goëland] and Eng. [gull]. For root, Stokes
compares Eng. [wail].
faoilleach
,
faoillteach
,
the month extending from the middle of January to the middle of
February, Ir. [faoillidh] (do.), [faoilleach] (do.), holidays,
Carnival. The idea is "Carnival" or month of rejoicing; from
[faoilidh]. Usually referred to [faol], wolf: "wolf-month". Cf.
[féill]. February in Ir. = [mí na Féile Bríghde].
faoin
, vain, void, Ir. [faon], M.Ir. [faen],
weak:
faoisg
, unhusk,
faoisgeag
,
a filbert, unhusked nut, O.Ir. [áesc], concha, [aesc], classendix,
Lat. [aesculus]? (Stokes). Cf. W. [gweisgion], husks, [gweisgioni],
to husk.
faoisid
,
faosaid
,
confession, Ir. [faoisdin], O.Ir. [fóistiu], [*vo-sestamtion-]
(Stokes), [furoissestar], confessus: [fo] and [seasamh], q.v. Cf. Gr.
&ubcom;fístcmi
, submit. ++
faol
,
faolchu
, a wolf, so Ir., E.Ir.
[fáel], [fael-chú], W. [gweilgi], the sea ("wild dog"), [*vailo-s];
Arm. [gail].
faolainn
, a stony beach (Heb.): "the beach",
[vaðlinn].
faolum
, learning; see [foghlum].
faomadh
, fainting from closeness or
excitement, falling (Lewis); from [aomadh].
faondradh
, wandering, exposure, O.Ir.
[airndrethach], errantia [= [air-ind-reth-]; G. is for [fo-ind-reth-],
root [ret], run, of [ruith], q.v. For [ind], see [ionn-].
faotainn
, getting, E.Ir. [foemaim], I
receive, root [em], grasp, hold, Lat. [emo]. G. is for [*vo-em-tin-].
faothaich
, relieve, be relieved from fever,
etc., Ir. [faothamh], recovery after a crisis, alleviation:
[*fo-thàmh]?
far
, upon,
far an
(
am
), where, Ir. [mar a n-], where; from [mar] and rel.,
not from [for].
far
, with,
far rium
, with
me, Ir. [a bh-farradh], with (lit. "in company of", with gen.). See
[farradh] and [mar ri].
far
, freight (a ship), Ir. [faraim],
[faraighim], [farthadh] or [faradh], a freight:
far
, bring; see [fair].
far-
, over; see [far], upon, and [air] (b).
far-ainm
, nick-name;
far-cluais
,
listening, etc.
farachan
, death watch beetle: "hammerer";
from [fairche], hammer, Ir. [farachan], a hammer (also Gaelic, Wh.).
The possibility of its being from [faire] must not be overlooked.
faradh
, a roost, Ir. [faradh] (do.), E.Ir.
[forud], a bench, seat, shelf: [*for-sud], root [sed], seat, as in
[suidhe], q.v. Cf. W. [gor-sedd], a seat. E.Ir. [forad], platform
[*ver-podo-].
faraich
, a cooper's wedge; see [fairce].
farail
, a visit, inquiry for health; from
[far] or [for] and [-ell-], [-eln-], go, root [el], as in Lat.
[amb-ulare], Gr.
&ecom;lqe&iibre;n
. See
further under [tadhal].
faraire
; see [forair].
faraire
, lykewake:
farasda
, easy, gentle, Ir. [farasda],
[forasda], solid, reasonable, "staid": [*for-asda]; for [asda], see
[fasdadh]. [farasda] is confused with [furasda], q.v.
farbhail
, a lid; from [far-bheul],
"super-os", from [beul], mouth.
farbhalach
, a stranger; from [falbhalach],
from [falbh]?
farbhas
, a surmise; [*far-meas], from [meas],
judge. Cf. [eirmis].
farbhas
, noise:
fàrdach
, a mansion, hearth, home; cf.
[dachaidh].
fàrdadh
, alder bark for dyeing black (H.S.D.,
Dial.), lye, or any colour in liquid (M`A.); from [far] and [dath]?
fàrdal
, delay, M.Ir. [fordall], staying,
E.Ir. [fordul]:
fardan
, a farthing, Ir. [fardín]; from the
Eng.
fàrdorus
, lintel, Ir. [fárdorus], E.Ir.
[fordorus], porch, W. [gwarddrws], lintel; from [for], [far] and
[dorus].
farfonadh
, a warning (H.S.D.); see root in
[fathunn]: [*vor-svon].
fargradh
, a report: [*vor-gar], root [gar] as
in [goir].
fàrlus
, chimney or roof-light, E.Ir.
[forlés]; from [for] and [leus], q.v. Cf. [àrlas].
farmachan
, a sand lark (H.S.D., Dial.):
farmad
, envy, Ir. [formad], O.Ir. [format]:
[*for-mad], the [mad] being for [mento-] ([*ver-mento-], Stokes), root
[men], Lat. [mens], Eng. [mind]. See [dearmad].
farmail
, a large pitcher (Heb.):
farpas
, refuse of straw or hay (H.S.D.,
M`E.); cf. [rapas].
farpuis
, strife,
co-fharpuis
:
fàrr
, off! be off!
farrach
, violence, Ir. [farrach], [forrach];
see [farran]. ++
farradh
, company, vicinity, M.G.
[na warri] (D.of L.), Ir. [farradh], E.Ir. [farrad], [i fharrad],
near, O.Ir. [in arrad]; from [ar-sod-], "by-seat", root [sod], [sed],
sit, as in [suidhe]. Hence Ir. compound prep. [a bh-farradh]; and
from the same source comes the G. [mar ri], q.v.
fàrradh
, litter in a boat:
farragan
, a ledge (Arran), = [faradh], [dh]
hardened.
farraid
, ask, inquire;
faghairt
(Perth), which suggests [fo-gar-t], root
[gar], speak. Cf. [iarr].
farral
,
farran
, anger,
force, Ir. [farrán], vexation, anger, [forrán], oppression, M.Ir.
[forrán], destruction, E.Ir. [forranach], destructive. Hence G.
farrant
, great, stout, Ir. [farránta] (O'B.). Also
farrach
. The root seems to mean "superiority"; root
[vers], [vors], as in [feàrr], q.v.?
farusg
, a peeling, inner rind; M.Ir.
[forrusc]; from [for] and [rùsg], q.v.
farruinn
, pinnacle; from [far] and [rinn].
farsaing
, wide; better [fairsing], q.v.
farspach
,
farspag
,
arspag
, a seagull:
farum
, noise, Ir. [fothrum], E.Ir. [fothrom],
[fothrond], W. [godornn], tumultuous nois (Hend.); for [fo-thorm],
from [toirm]. Stokes suggest [fo-thrond], from [torann]. The roots
are allied in either case.
fàs
, grow, Ir. [fásaim], O.Ir. [ásaim],
[fásaim], root [aux], [au&gcurly;], increase, Lat. [augeo], Gr.
a&ucom;/xw
, Eng. [eke], [wax]. Stokes and
Strachan refer [fás] to a stem [(p)ât-to-], [pát], [pat], eat, feed,
Gr.
patéomai
, eat, Eng. [feed], [food].
Lat. [pasco], [pastum].
fàs
, empty, waste,
fàsach
,
a desert, Ir. [fás], [fásach], O.Ir. [fás], [fáas], vanus, [fásach],
desert: [*vâsto-s], a waste; Lat. [vastus], vastare; Eng. [waste],
Ger. [wüste]. Hence
fàsan
, refuse of grain:
"waste". [fásach], desert, is neuter, see M`A. pref. VIII.
fasair
, harness, girth-saddle; see [asair].
fasan
, fashion; from the Eng.
fadadh
, hiring, binding, Ir. [fastogh],
hiring, see [foisteadh].
fasdail
,
astail
, a
dwelling, E.Ir. [fastud], holding fast, vb. [astaim], [fastaim], O.Ir.
[asstai], moratur, [adsaitis], residentes, [*ad-sod-], root [sed],
[sod] of [suidhe] (Thur.). W. [eistedd], sitting, is for
[*ex-sod-ijo]. It is possible to refer [astaim] to [*ad-stâ-], root
[sta], stand, Lat. [sto]; the [-asda] of [farasda], "staid", seems
from it (cf. [tairis]).
fasgadh
, shelter, Ir. [fosgadh], O.Ir.
[foscad], umbra: [*fo-scáth], "sub-umbra"; see [sgàth], shade.
fasgaidh
, a picking or cleansing off of
vermin. See [faisg]. [fasgnadh]?
fasgnadh
, winnowing,
fasgnag
,
asgnag
, corn-fan, Ir.
[fasgnaim], I purge.
faspan
, difficulty, embarrassment:
fath
, a mole; see [famh].
fàth
, vista (Carm.):
fàth
, a cause, reason, Ir. [fath], [fáth],
E.Ir. [fáth], [*vât-u-]; root [vât] as in [fàith]? See next.>>
fathamas
, a degree of fear, awe, a warning;
also
fothamas
: [*fo-ted-mess-], root of [meas],
[tomhas], etc.
fathamas
, occasion, opportunity:
[*fo-tad-mess-], see [amas].
fathan
,
athan
, coltsfoot,
Ir. [fathán] (O'R.):
fathanach
, trifling, silly:
fathraig
,
fothraig
, bathe,
Ir. [fothrugaim], O.Ir. [fothraicim], [fothaircthe], balnearum,
[fothrucud], a bath, [*vo-tronkatu-] (Stokes), W. [trochi], mergere,
balneare, Br. [go-zronquet]; Lit. [trinkti], wash, bathe (Bez.).
fathast
, yet, M.Ir., E.Ir. [fodesta],
[fodechtsa], for [fo-fect-sa], the
d
being otiose
and caused by analogy (Zim., Zeit.
30
21).
Atkinson suggests with a query [fo'nd(fh)echt-sa]. The root word is
[fecht], time: "under this time, sub hoc tempus". See [feachd], time.
Hence also
feasd
(= [i fecht-sa]).
fathunn
, news, floating rumour,
fabhunn
(Dial.): [*vo-svon], root [sven], sound (see
[tabhann]), or root [bon], [ban], Eng. [ban], O.Ir. [atboind],
proclaims?
fè
,
fèath
, (
fèith
,
fiath
), a calm, M.Ir.
[feith], E.Ir. [féth], O.Ir. [féth], Gadelic root [vei], [*ve-jo-],
root [ve], [vê], blow, Gr.
&acom;c/r
, air,
(whence Eng. [air]), Ger. [wehen], to blow, Eng. [wind], especially
[weather] (root [vet]) for the G. sense.
feabhas
,
feobhas
,
goodness, "betterness", Ir. [feabhus], O.Ir. [febas], superiority,
[feib], distincion, [*visus], g. [vesv-iás] (Thur., Zeit.
28
149, and Brug.), from [vesu-] or [vesv-], as
in [fiù], q.v. Stokes doubtfully compares Lat. [vigeo], Eng. [vigour]
(Bez. Beit.
19
75).
feachd
, an army, host, expedition, Ir.
[feachd], an expedition, E.Ir. [fecht] ([ar fecht agus sluagad]), W.
[gwaith], action, work. This Zimmer refers to O.Ir. [fichim], I fight
(Lat. [vinco], Got. [veihan], root [viq]), as well as ++
feachd
, time, Ir. [feachd], E.Ir. [fecht], [oenfhecht],
once, W. [gwaith], turn, [vicem]. Stokes separates the latter (
feachd
, time, E.Ir. [fecht], journey), giving as stem
[vektâ], root [vegh] (Lat. [veho], Eng. [waggon]); for [fecht],
campaign, hosting, he gives the Celtic [viktâ], root [viq], as Zimmer
does. The words seem, as Stokes has it, from two roots, but now they
are indistinguishably mixed. Osthoff regards [feachd], time, as
allied to Lat. [vices]; see [fiach].
fead
, a whistle, Ir. [fead], M.Ir. [fet-],
[fetán], a flute, a whistle, W. [chwythell], a whistle, [chwyth], a
blast, breath, [*wviddo-], [*svizdo-], Lat. [sibilus], Eng.
[sibilant]. See further under [séid].
feadh
, lenght, extent, so Ir.; see [eadh].
feadhainn
, people, some people, troop, Ir.
[feadhainn], E.Ir. [fedain], company, [cobeden] conjugatio, W.
[gwedd], team, yoke, root [ved], I.E. [vedh], Eng. [wed], Lat. [vas],
[vadis], surety, Skr. [vi-vadhá], shoulder-yoke.
fealan
, (M`A.
feallan
,
itch, hives; it also means "worm" (see [fiolan]), M.Ir. [filún],
glandular disease, [fiolún saith], anthrax, malignant struma, all
which Stokes takes from L.Lat. [fello], strumae.
feall
, treachery, Ir. [feall], E.Ir. [fell]
(*velno-], W. [gwall], defect, Br. [goall] (do.), Cor. [gal], malus,
malum, Br. [gwall] (do.), root [vel], cheat; Lit. [ap-vilti],
[vilióti], cheat, Lett. [wilát], deceitful; Norse [vél], a deceit,
wile, Eng. [wile]; Zend [vareta], error. Stokes hesitates between the
above and [vel] from [u(p)el], Got. [ubils], Eng. [evil].
fealla-dhà
, joking, irony: [*feall]+[dhà],
"double-dealing".
feallsanach
, philosopher, Ir.
[feallsamhnach], [feallsamh], philosopher, O.Ir. [felsub]; from Lat.
[philosophus].
feamach
, groos, dirty (Sh., O'R.): from
[feam], tail, as in [feaman].
feamainn
, sea-weed, Ir. [feamuin], E.Ir.
[femnach], W. [gwymon], Fr. [goëmon], [*vit-s-máni-], root [vi],
[vei], wind, as in [fèith], vein? Stokes gives the stem as [vemmâni-]
([vembani-]?), which suggests [*ve&gcurly;vo-], root [ve&gcurly;], as
in [feur].
feaman
, a tail, Ir. [feam], M.Ir. [feam],
mentula, Manx [famman]; also G.
eaman
, [*engvo-],
Lat. [inguen], groin.
feann
, flay:
feannadh
, skinning, excessive cold; see
[fionnadh]. The idea of "cold" is metaphorical. E.Ir. [fennaim], I
skin, is referred by Stokes to the root of Eng. [wound]: he gives the
stem as [*venvo-].
feannag
, hooded crow, Ir. [feannóg],
[fionnóg]: cf. [fionna], pile, for root: "piled crow"?
feannag
, a lazy-bed; older [fennoc], trench:
from [feann], flay.
fear
, a man, Ir. [fear], O.Ir. [fer], W.
[gwr], O.W. [gur], Corn. [gur], Br. [gour], [*viro-s] (Rhys thinks
the Celtic start was [ver]: cf. W. [gwr] = [ver], super, and G.
[eadh], O.Ir. [ed] = Lat. [id], etc.): Lat. [vir]; Ag.S. [wer], Norse
[verr], Eng. [werwolf]; Lit. [wýras]; Skr. [vîra].
fearann
, land, so Ir., E.Ir. [ferand], also
[ferenn], a girdle, garter, root [vera], enclose, look after; Skr.
[vara&ndot;á], well, dam, [v&rdot;&ndot;oti], cover, enclose; Gr.
&ecom;rusqai
, draw, keep; Ch.Sl. [vrêti], claudere:
further Lat. [vereor], Eng. [ware].
fearg
, wrath, so Ir., E.Ir. [ferg], O.Ir.
[ferc], [ferg], [*vergâ]; Gr.
&ocom;rgc/
;
root [vergo], swell, be puffed up. Hence
feargnadh
, provocation.
feàrna
, alder tree, Ir. [fearn], [fearnóg],
E.Ir. [fern], [fernog], W. [gwern], Corn. [gwernen], Gaul. [verno-],
Fr. [verne], [*verno-]; Gr.
&ecom;rnia
,
wild figs (? Bez.).
feàrr
, better, Ir. [feárr], O.Ir. [ferr],
[*vers], [*ver(i)s], a comparative in [-is] from the prep. [ver] (= G.
[far], [for], super); now comparative
for [math], but
evidently once for [fern], good, [*verno-s], Lat. [supernus] (cf.
[-no-] of [magnus] disappearing in [major], and [-ro-] of Celtic
[mâros] in G. [mò]). Stokes refers [ferr] to [vers], raise,
[*uersos-], height, top; Lat. [verruca], steep place, Lit. [wirzùs],
top, Skr. [varshman-], height, [várshîyas], higher. Cf. W. [goreu],
best (= Lat. [supremus]).
feàrsaid
, a spindle, Ir. [fearrsaid], M.Ir.
[fersaid], [*versatti-], [*verttati-], W. [gwerthyd], Cor. [gurthit],
O.Br. [guirtilon], fusis, M.Br. [guerzit], root [vert], turn; Lat.
[vertô], [vortex]; Ger. [werden], to be, Eng. [worth], be, M.H.G.
[wirtel], spindle ring. Skr. [vártate], turn, roll, [vartulâ],
spindle ball.
fearsaideag
, thrift or sea gilly-flower; from
ovs.
fearsad
, estuary, sand-bank, passage across at
ebb-tide, whence place-name [Fersit], and in Ireland [Belfast]; for
root se [feart].
feart
, attention, notice; Br. [gortos], to
attend, root [vert], [vort]; Ger. [warten], attend, Eng. [ward], from
[ware], Nor. [varða], ward. An extension of root [ver], watch, Lat.
[vereor], etc.
feart
, a virtue, efficiency, deed, Ir.
[feart], O.Ir. [firt], pl. [ferta], W. [gwyrth]; from Lat. [virtus]
(Windisch, Stokes). ++
feart
, a grave, Ir. [feart],
O.Ir. [fert], tumulus, [*verto-]; root [ver], cover, enclose, which
see under [fearann]. Cf. Skr. [v&rdot;ti], enclosure, hedge.
fearthuinn
, rain, Ir. [fearthuinn], E.Ir.
[ferthain], inf. to [feraim], I pour, give, [*veraô], rain: Lat.
[ûrína], urine, Gr.
o&ubcomibre;ron
(do.):
Norse [úr], a drizzle, Ag.S. [wär], sea; Skr. [vā/ri], water,
Zend, [vâra], rain. See [dòirt].
feascradh
, shrivelling, so Ir. (O'R.):
feasd
,
am feasd
, for ever,
Ir. [feasda], henceforward, E.Ir. [festa], [ifesta], now, from this
point forward, [i fecht-sa]; from [feachd] by metathesis of the
s
. See [fathast].
feasgar
, evening, Ir. [feascar], O.Ir.
[fescor], [*vesqero-], W. [ucher], [*eksero-] for [*esqero-]; Lat.
[vesper]; Gr.
&ebcom;spéros
.
feathachan
, slight breeze; see [feothachan].
féile
, generosity, hospitality, Ir. [féile],
E.Ir. [féle]; from [fial], q.v. ++
féile
, charm,
incantation, E.Ir. [éle], [héle], [mo fhele]; from Norse [heill],
auspice, omen, Eng. [hale], etc.; allied to O.Ir. [cél], augurium, W.
[coel], omen, O.W. [coil] (Zim., Zeit.
33
147). For G. [féile], see [Inv. Gaelic Soc. Tr.
17
243]. Stokes regards Zimmer's derivation
from N. a failure, and compares W. [wylo], wail, weep, as Ir. [amor],
music = W. [afar], grief, and G. [ceòl] = Ger. [heulen], howl. Rhys
cfs. W. [eli], oil, ointment.
féile
,
féileadh
, a kilt,
E.Ir., O.Ir. [fíal], velum: O.Ir. [ronfeladar], he might clothe us;
from Lat. [vêlum], a covering, [vêlare], Eng. [veil]. In Islay,
Jura, etc., it is [an t-sibhleadh]. McL. and D.
also
give [éibhleadh]. Hend. questions if Lat. See [uanfebli] in Fled Br.
68. Root [sveil] as in [fill], [spaoil], etc?
féill
, a fair, feast, Ir. [féil], festival,
holiday, O.Ir. [féil], W. [gwyl], festum, Br. [goel], [*vegli-]; Lat.
[vigilia], Gr. [veille], a watch, vigil, Eng. [vigil], [wake]. The
Celtic words are borrowed from Lat. (Windisch, Stokes). Hence
[féillire], an almanack.
féin
, self, Ir., O.Ir. [féin], [*sve-j-sin],
"self there", [*sve-j], [*sve], Pruss. [swaiss], Ch.Sl.
[svoj&ibreve;]; Lat. [suus], [sē]; Gr.
&ebcom;/
,
&obcom;/s
. Zeuss
explains [féin], as [bé-shin], "quod sit hoc", [bé] being the verb to
be. This explanation is due to the divers forms of the O.Ir. word for
"self, selves": [fésine] (= [bé-sin-é], sit id hoc), [fésin],
[fadesin] (= [bad-é-sin]), [fodén], etc.
Féinn
, g.
Féinne
, the
Fingalians, Ir. [Féinne], [Fiann], E.Ir. [fíann], [*veinnâ], also
E.Ir. [fían], a hero, [*veino-s], root [vein], strive; Lat. [vênari],
hunt; Skr. [vénati], go, move, desire. Zimmer takes the word from
Norse [fjándi], an enemy (Eng. [fiend], which he supposes the Irish
tropps called themselves after the Norsemen.
feirm
, a farm, Ir. [feilm]; from m.Eng.
[ferme], Eng. [farm].
féisd
,
féis
, a feast;
better [feusd], q.v.
feith
, wait, Ir. [feithim], E.Ir. [fethim],
inf. [fethem] (= G.
feitheamh
), [*vetô], root
[vet]; Lat. [vetus], old, Eng. [veteran]; Gr.
&ecom;/tos
, year; Eng. [wether] ("yearling").
féith
, a sinew, a vein, Ir., O.Ir. [féith],
fibra, [*veiti-s], root [vei], [vi], wind, bend; Lat. [vînem], with,
[vîtis], a vine; Gr.
&icom;téa
(long
i
), willow; Eng.
[withe]; Lit. [výtis], willow-wand, Ch.Sl. [viti], res torta; Skr.
[vayati], weave, flecto. The W. shows a stem [*vittâ], vein, W.
[gwythen], Br. [gwazen], Cor. [guid-]; cf. Lat. [vitta], fillet.
Hence
féith
, a bog channel (Ir. [féth], a marsh,
bog-stream), and
feithleag
, honeysuckle, M.Ir.
[feithlend], woodbine, W. [gwyddfid] (do.).
feitheid
, a bird or beast of prey (M`A.), Ir.
[feithide], Ir. [feithide], a beast:
feochadan
, corn-thistle, thistle (Arm.,
H.S.D.), Ir. [feochadan] (O'R.), [feóthadán] (O'B.), and [feóthán].
Cf. [fobhannan].
feòcullan
, the pole-cat, Ir. [feochullan]
(Fol., O'R. has [feocullan] like Sh.). Cf. Sc. [fethok], [fithowe],
pole-cat, M.Eng. [ficheu], now [fitchew].
feobharan
, pith, puff (
feo'ran
) - Dial.; [feodharan], root, [*vet], [vetu-]?
feobhas
, goodness; see [feabhas].
feòdar
, pewter, Ir. [péatar], W. [ffeutar];
from the Eng. [pewter].
feodhaich
, decay, Ir. [feodhaim], M.Ir.
[feodaigim], wither: "senesco"; [*vetu-], root [vet], as in Lat.
[vetus], G. [feith]? O.Ir. [feugud], W. [gwyw], Lat. [vietus];
[*vivagatu]?
feòil
, flesh, Ir. [feoil], E.Ir. [feóil],
O.Ir. [feúil], [*vepoli-s]; Skr. [vapâ], fat, [vápus], body, form?
feòirlig
, a farthing land,
feòirling
; from Ag.S. [feorþling], Eng. [farthing].
feòirne
, chess, Ir. [feoirne] (Sh., O'R.,
Fol.):
feòrag
, a squirrel, Ir. [feoróg] (Sh., O'R.,
Fol.), W. [gwiwer], Br. [gwiber]; Lit. [vovere@?], Lettic [wâweris],
Pruss. [weware]; Lat. [viverra], ferret (Pliny).
feòraich
, inquire,
fiafraigh
(Kintyre Dial.), Ir. [fiafruighim], O.Ir.
[iarfaigim]: [*iar-fach], prep. [iar] and [fach], E.Ir. [faig], dixit,
[*vakô], say; Lat. [vocô], call, [vox], voice; Skr. [vac], say. The
r
of G. and modern Ir. has shifted to behind the
f
, while a prothetic
f
is
added.
feòrlan
, a firlot; see [feòirling].
feothachan
,
feothan
(Arran), a little breeze; root [vet], as in [onfhadh].
feuch
,
fiach
, behold, see,
try, Ir. [feuch], [féach], E.Ir. [féchaim], [fégaim], [*veikô]; Gr.
[e&icom;kw/n], image (Eng. [iconoclastic]),
e&ocom;/ika
, I seem,
e&icom;kazw
, conjecture; Skr. [vic@?], appear,
arrive.
feud
, may, can; see [faod].
feudail
, cattle; usual spelling of [eudail],
q.v.
feudar
,
's fheudar
, it is
necessary, M.Ir. [is eidir], it is possible, for [is ed fhétir], it is
what is possible. [feudar] is the pres. pass. of [feud], may. In G.
the "may" has become "must". The negative,
cha 'n
fheudar
, is common in E.Ir. as [ni fhétir], [ni étir], cannot be.
feum
, use, need, Ir. [feidhm], pl.
[feidhmeanna], need, use, duty, need-service of a vassal, E.Ir.
[feidm], effort, [*védes-men-], "need-service"; root [ved], as in
[feadhainn]. Hence
feumannach
, a steward: "a
servitor".
feun
, a waggon, wain, O.Ir. [fén], W.
[cywain], vehere, [*vegno-], root [vegh], carry; Lat. [veho],
[vehiculum], vehicle; Gr.
&ocom;/hos
,
chariot; Eng. [waggon], [wain]; Skr. [vahati], carry.
feur
,
fiar
, grass, Ir.
[feur], O.Ir. [fér], W. [gwair], Cor. [gwyr], [*vegro-], I.E. root
[ve&gcurly;], increase, be strong; Lat. [vegeo], quicken, [vigor],
vigour, Eng. [vegetation]; Ag.S. [wacan], nasci, Eng. [waken].
Strachan and Stokes refer it to the root [ve&gcurly;], [u&gcurly;], be
wet, moist, Lat. [uvidus], moist, Eng. [humour], Gr.
&ubcom;grós
, wet, Norse [vökr], moist; but judged by
the Latin, the Celtic should be [vebro-], which would not give W.
[gwair].
feursa
, a canker,
veursann
, a worm in the hide of cattle:
feusag
,
fiasag
, a beard,
Ir. [féusóg], [féasóg], E.Ir. [fésóc], beard, [fés], hair, [*vanso],
O.Pruss., [wanso], first beard, Ch.Sl. [vasŭ], beard.
feusd
,
feusda
, (
féisd
,
féis
), a feast, Ir. [féis],
[feusda], E.Ir. [feiss]; from Lat. [festia], Eng. [feast].
feusgan
,
fiasgan
, a
mussel:
fhuair
, found, invent, Ir. [fuair], O.Ir.
[fúar], inveni, [frith], inventus est, [*vovora], root [ver]; Gr.
e&ubcomibre;ron
, I found,
e&ubcom;/rcka
(Strachan, Prellwitz). The root [ver]
is likely that found in Gr.
&obcom;ráw
, I
see, Lat. [vereor], Eng. [ware].
fiabhras
, a fever, Ir., M.Ir. [fiabhrus];
from Lat. [febris].
fiacaill
, a tooth, Ir., O.Ir. [fiacail].
There is an E.Ir. [fec] for [féc], a tooth, a stem [*veikkâ]:
fiach
, value, worth; see next.>>
fiach
,
fiachan
, debt,
value, Ir. [fiach], O.Ir. [fíach], [*veico-], Lat. [vices], change,
Ger. [wechsel], exchange, Skr. [vishtí], changing, in turn (Osthoff).
This is the right derivation.
fiadh
, a deer, Ir. [fiadh, E.Ir. [fíad],
O.Ir. [fíadach], venatio, W. [gwydd], Br. [guez], [goez], savage,
[*veido-s], wild; O.H.G. [weide], a hunt, Ger. [weide], pasturage,
Norse [veiðr], hunting; further is G. [fiodh], wood, Eng. [wood].
Hence
fiadhaich
, wild.
fiadhaich
, invite, welcome (Skye):
fiadhair
, lay or fallow land; from the above
root of [fiadh]. Cf. Ger. [weide], pasture. Also G.
fiadhain
, wild, Ir. [fiadháin], wild, uncultivated.
fial
, generous, Ir. [fial], E.Ir. [fíal],
modest, W. [gwyl]. Bez. suggests [*veiplo-], Teutonic [vîba-], Ger.
[weib], Eng. [wife]. Cf. Ir. [fialus], relationship. The underlying
idea is "kindness, relationship".
fiamh
, awe, reverence, Ir. [fiamh], fear,
reverence, ugly, horrible, E.Ir. [fiam], horrible:
fiamh
, aspect, appearance, trace, Ir.
[fiamh], track, trace, chain, [fíamh] (O'Cl.) = lorg, E.Ir. [fiam], a
chain, [*veimo-], root [vei], wind, as in [féith].
fiamh ghàire
,
fèath ghaire
(Arg.), a
slight smile, is in Ir. [fáetheadh an gháire], appearance of a smile,
E.Ir. [féth], aspect.
fianaidh
, peat cart; [carn-fianaidh] (Ross);
see [feun].
Fiann
, the Fingalians; see [féinn]. This is
the real nom. case.
fiantag
, the black heath-berr; root [vein] as
in the above word.>>
fianuis
, witness, a witness, Ir.
[fiadhnuise], [fiadhan], a witness, O.Ir. [fiadnisse], testimony,
[fiadu], acc. [fiadain], testem, [*veidôn], I.E. root [veid], [vid],
know, see, as in [fios], q.v.; Ag.S. [witta], a witness, Eng.
[witness], root, [wit], know.
fiar
, crooked, Ir. [fiar], E.Ir. [fíar], W.
[gwyr], Gr. [goar], [gwar], [*veiro-]; root [vei], wind as in [féith];
Eng. [wire], Ag.S. [wîr], wire.
fiat
,
fiata
, wild; a
participial formation from [fiadh]. Also
fiadhta
,
so Ir.
fiatach
, quiet and sly (Skye):
fiathail
, calm; see [fè].
fich
, an interjetion denoting "nasty"! Eng.
[fie], Norse [fý], Ger. [pfui]. Also Dial.
fuich
,
fuidh
, which leans on Norse [fúi], rottenness ("Cha
bhi fuidh ach far am bi fàile").
fichead
, twenty, Ir. [fiche], [ar fhichid],
O.Ir. [fiche], g. [fichet], W. [ugeint], [ugain], Cor. [ugens],
[ugans], Br. [ugent], [*vik&ndot;s], [uik&ndot;tos]; Lat. [vîginti]; Gr.
e&icom;/kosi
; Zend [vîçaiti].
fideadh
, a suggestion (H.S.D.): [*vid-dho-],
root [vid], wit.
fideag
, a small pipe, reed, flute, Ir.
[fideóg]; for root, see [fead]. Shaw also gives the meaning "small
worm". M`L. has
fìdeag
.
fidean
, a green islet or spit uncovered at
high tide, web of sea-clam (Isles); from the N. [fit], webbed foot of
waterfowl, meadow land on the banks of firths or rivers, [fitja], to
web, Eng. [fit].
fìdhleir
, a fiddler; from [fiodhull]. Ir.
[fidiléir] is Eng. [fiddler] directly borrowed. Hence G.
fidleireachd
, restlessness; "fiddling" about.
fidir
, know, consider, Ir. [fidir], knows,
O.Ir. [fetar], scio, [fitir], novit, [*viddetor], [*vid-dho-] (the
[-dho-] as in [creid], Windisch); root [vid], see, as in [fios].
Thurneysen explains it as [*videsar] (aorist stem [vides-]) becoming
[vid-shar], but [d-sh] does not produce
t
or
d
without an
n
before it.
fige
,
figis
, a fig, Ir.
[fíge]; from Lat. [fîcus], Eng. [fig].
figh
, weave, Ir. [fighim], E.Ir. [figim],
O.W. [gueig], testrix, W. [gweu], to weave, Cor. [guiat], tela, Br.
[twea], M.Br. [tweaff], [*vegiô]; Ger [wickeln], roll, wind, curl,
[wieche], wick, Eng. [wick], Ag.S. [wecca] (Stokes). Usually
referred to the root [vei], [vi], wind.
file
,
filidh
, a poet, Ir.
[file], g. [filidh], O.Ir. [fili], g. [filed], [*velet-], "seer"; W.
[gwelet], to see, Br. [guelet], sight, [*velô]. Cf. Norse [völva],
prophetess, sibyl. Old Germanic [Veleda], a prophetess (Tacitus).
fill
, fold, Ir. [fillim], fold, return, O.Ir.
[fillim], flecto, [*velvô]; Lat. [volvo], roll, [volumen], Eng.
[volume]; Gr.
e&icom;lúw
, envelop; Got.
[af-valvjan], roll away, Eng. [wallow]. Cf. W. [olwyn], a wheel
(Stokes). Windisch ([Curt. Et.]) suggests [vald] as root, allied to
Norse [velta], roll, Got. [valtjan], Eng. [welter], Ger. [walze],
roll, waltz. See especially [till].
fillein
, a collop: a "roll"; from [fill].
fine
, a tribe, kindred, Ir., O.Ir. [fine],
O.Br. [coguenou], indigena, [*venjâ], kinship; Norse [vinr], a friend,
Ag.S. [wine], O.H.G. [wini] (do.); I.E. root [ven], love, Lat.
[Venus], [veneror], Eng. [venerate], Skr. [van], love.
fìnealta
, fine, elegant, Ir. [fínealta]; cf.
M.Ir. [fín-] in [Fínscothach], fair-flowered, [Fin-shnechta],
bright-snow, root [svén]; Gr.
&ccom;noy
,
bright (Stokes for M.Ir.).
finiche
, jet (m`D., M`A.),
finichd
, black as jet (M`E.):
finid
, end; from Lat. [finit], the colophon
of so may tales when written.
finideach
, wise, so Ir. (Lh., Sh., H.S.D.,
which gives C.S. as authority):
finne
, a maiden (Arm., M`A., M`E.):
"fairness, beauty"; from [fionn] ([*vindiâ]).
finnean
, a buzzard. ++
fioch
, wrath, Ir. [fíoch], E.Ir. [fích], feud, I.E.
[*veiqo-], fight; Got. [veihan], strive, O.H.G. [wîgan], fight; Lat.
[vinco]. Hence
fiochdha
, angry.
fiodh
, wood, so Ir., O.Ir. [fid], W. [guid],
[gwydd], [gwydden] (sing.), Corn. [guiden], Br. [gwezenn], tree,
[gwez], trees, Gaul. [vidu-] [*vidu-]; Eng. [wood], Ag.S. [wudu],
O.H.G. [witu]. Hence ++
fiodhcheall
, chess play,
E.Ir. [fidchell], W. [gwyddbwyll], "wood-sense", from [fiodh] and
[ciall]. Also
fiodhag
, wild fig,
fiodhan
, cheese-vat.
fiodhradh
, an impetuous rush forward (Heb.):
fodhull
, a fiddle, E.Ir. [fidil], from Low
Lat. [vitula], whence Fr. [viola], Eng. [viol], [violin]. Cf. Eng.
[fiddle], from Med.Lat. [fidula], Lat. [fidis].
fioghuir
, a figure, Ir. [fíoghair], M.Ir.
[figur]; from Lat. [figura].
fioagan
, a field-mouse (Arran.):
fiolan
,
fiolar
, an earwig,
nesscock, W. [chwil], beetle, [chwiler], maggot, Br. [c'houil]; Gr.
sílfc
, cockroach, Eng. [sylph]. Cf.
[feallan].
fiomhalach
, a giant (Sh.); from [fiamh].
fìon
, wine, Ir. [fíon], O.Ir. [fín], W.,
Cor., Br. [gwin]; from Lat. [vinum].
fìonag
, a mite, insect, a miser, Ir.
[fineóg], a mite in cheese, etc.:
fionn
, white, Ir. [fionn], O.Ir. [find], W.
[gwyn], Corn. [guyn], Br. [gwenn], Gaul. [vindo-], [*vindo-], a
nasalised form of root [vid], [veid], see, as in [fios]. Cf. Servian
[vidný], clear.
fionn-
, to, against, Ir. [fionn-], [ionn-],
O.Ir. [ind-]; see [ionn-].
fionna
,
fionnadh
, hair,
pile, Ir. [fionnadh], E.Ir. [finda], [findfad], O.Ir. [finnae],
pilorum, [*ves-niâ], root [ves], clothe, Lat. [vestis], Eng.
[vestment]. Stokes has compared it to Lat. [villus], hair, which he
takes from [*vin-lus], but which is usually referred to the root [vel]
of [vellus], [lana], etc. The [-fad] of E.Ir. is for [*vida], aspect,
W. [gwedd], root [vid], see.
fionnachd
, refreshment: "coolness",
[*ionn-fhuachd]: cf. [fionnar].
fionnan-feòir
, grasshopper, Ir. [finnín
feoir] (O'R.):
fionnairidh
, a watching: [*ind-faire]; see
[fionn-], to, and [faire].
fionnar
, cool, Ir. [fionnfhuar], M.Ir.
[indfhuar]; from [fionn-], and [fuar].
fionnas-gàrraidh
, parsley (M`L.):
fionndairneach
, randk grass, downy beard
(H.S.D.): ++
fionndruinne
, (white) bronze, E.Ir.
[findruine], white bronze: [*find(b)ruine (Hend.), Eng. [bronze].
fionnogha
, grandson's grandson, Ir.
[fionnúa]; from [fionn-], ad-, and [ogha].
fionnsgeul
, a romance, Ir. [finnsgeul]; from
[fionn-] and [sgeul]: [ande-sqetlon].
fìor
, true, Ir. [fíor], O.Ir. [fír], W.
[gwir], O.W. [guir], Br. [gwir], [*vêro-]; Lat. [vêrus]; Ger. [wahr].
Root [ver], [vor], [var], see, as in Eng. [beware], [ward]. Before
the noun the word is
fìr
. Hence
fìrean
, righteous man, O.Ir. [fírian], W. [gwirion],
[*vêriâno-s].
bios
, knowledge, Ir. [fios], O.Ir. [fiss],
[*vid-tu-], root [vid], [veid], know; Lat. [video], see; Gr.
e&icomibre;don
,
&icom;de&iibre;n
, saw,
o&icomibre;da
, know, Got. [vitan], watch, Eng. [wit];
Skr. [vid], know, [vetti], to know. Hence
fiosrach
, knowing.
fir-chlis
, the northern lights; see [fear]
and [clis].
fir-chneatain
, backgammon men:
fire faire
, interjection - "what a pother";
from the Sc. [fiery-fary], bustle.
fireach
, hill ground, mountain: cf.
[fearann], root [*ver].
firead
, a ferret, Ir. [firéad]; from the Eng.
fireun
, an eagle, Ir. [fír-én]: "true-bird";
from [fìor] and [eun]. So in E.Ir. [fír-iasc] is the salmon. So in
Reay Country (Rob.).
firionn
, male, so Ir.; E.Ir. [firend]; from
[fear].
fise faise
, interjection - noise of things
breaking, talking secretly.
fitheach
, a raven, Ir., O.Ir. [fiach]; this
is a dissylable, [*vivo-ko-]; the phonetics being those of [biadh].
Stokes gives [*veijako-s] or [*veivako-s]. It is still distantly
allied to Ger. [weihe].
fithreach
, dulse, so Ir. (Lh., O'B., etc.):
fiù
, worthy, Ir. [fiú], O.Ir. [fiú], W.
[gwiw], Cor. [guiu], O.Br. [uuiu], Gaul. [vesu-], [*vesu-], [vêsu-],
good; Skr. [vásu], good; root [ves], be, Eng. [was]. Some give
[*visu] ([*vîsu-]) as the stem, Gr.
&icom;/sos
, like (= [visvo-s]), Skr. [vishu], æque.
Hence
fiùbhaidh
, a prince, valiant chief, Ir.
[fiúbhas], dignity; also
fiùghanta
, generous, Ir.
[fiughantach], [fiúntach] (Keat.), worthy.
fiughair
, expectation, E.Ir. [fiugrad],
praedicere; from Lat. [figura]. Ir. has [fíoghair], figure, fashion,
sign.
fiùran
, a sapling, Ir. [fiúrán] (Sh., O'R.,
Fol.):
fiùthaidh
(
fiùbhaidh
), an
arrow; see [iùthaidh]).
flaiche
, a sudden gust of wind (Sh., O'R.):
flaitheanas
, heaven, glory,
flaitheas
, sovereignty, Ir. [flaitheamhnus], O.Ir.
[flaithemnas], gloria; from [flaithem], lord, g. [flaitheman]; see
[flath]. ++
flann
, red, blood-red, so Ir., E.Ir.
[fland], blood, red: [vl-ando-], root [vol] of [fuil], q.v.
flasg
, a flask, W. [fflasg]; from the Eng.
flath
, a chief, prince, Ir. [flaith], O.Ir.
[flaith], chief, dominion, [flaithem(an)], chief ([*vlatimon-]), W.
[gwlad], region, M.W. [gulatic], rex, Corn. [gulat], patria, Br.
[gloat], realm, Gaul. [vlatos], [*vlato-s], [*vlati-s], root [vala],
[vla], be strong; Lat. [valere], Eng. [valid]; Got. [valdan], Ger.
[walten], rule, Eng. [weild], Walter; Ch.Sl. [vlada@?], rule, Russ.
[vladiete], rule, O.Pruss. [waldnika-], king. Also [*valo-s] as the
final element of certain personal names -
Domhnall
,
[*Dumno-valo-s] (see [domhan]),
Conall
,
[*Kuno-valo-s] ([*kuno-s], high, root [ku], as in [curaidh], q.v.,
Teutonic [Hûn-], Humbold, Humphrey, Hunwald, etc.),
Cathal
, [*Katu-valo-s] (see [cath]), etc.
fleachdail
, flowing in ringlets (H.S.D., from
MSS.); from Lat. [plecto], plait.
fleadh
, a feast, Ir. [fleadh], O.Ir. [fled],
W. [gwledd], O.W. [guled], pompae, [*v&ldot;dâ], root [vel], wish; Gr.
e&icom;lapínc
, feast,
&ecom;\ldomai
, wish, [&ecom;lpís], hope; Lat.
[voluptas]; Eng. [will], [well].
fleadhadh
, brandishing; Eng. [wield]; see
[flath].
fleasg
, a rod, wreath, Ir. [fleasg], garland,
wand, sheaf, O.Ir. [flesc], rod, linea, [*vleska], from [*vledska],
root [v&ldot;d]; Ger. [wald], wood, Eng. [wold]; Gr.
&acom;/lsos
, grove; Ch.Sl. [vladi], hair. From the
Celtic comes the Fr. [flèche], arrow, whence Eng. [Fletcher],
arrow-maker. See [fleisdear].
fleasgach
, young man, bachelor, so Ir., M.Ir.
[flesgach]: "wand-bearer". From [fleasg], above. The Ir. [fleasgaigh
ealadhna], itinerant medicine men, carried [fleasgan] to denote their
profession.
fleasgair
, a barge or boat hung with
festoons; from [fleasg].
fleisdear
, arrow-maker; from Sc. [fledgear],
M.Eng. [flecchere], now [fletcher], from O.Fr. [flechier]. See
[fleasg] further.
fleodradh
, floating (Heb.),
fleodruinn
, a buoy; from Norse [fljóta], to float, Eng.
[float].
fleogan
, an untidy, flabby person, a flat
fish (Arms.),
fleoidhte
, flaccid (Sh.):
fliodh
, chickweed, a wen, Ir. [fliodh],
[fligh], chickweed, W. [gwlydd], chickweed, soft stems of plants,
[*v&ldot;du-]. Same root as in [fleasg].
fliuch
, wet, Ir., O.Ir., [fliuch], W.
[gwlyb], O.W. [gulip], Corn. [glibor], humor, Br. [gloeb], wet,
[*v&ldot;qu-s], wet; Lat. [liquidus] (= [fliquidus]); Lit. [wa'lks], wet,
[wa'lka], swampy place. See [failc].
flò
, hallucination (H.S.D. for N.H.):
flod
, a state of floating; from Eng. [float],
Norse [floti], a raft.
flodach
, lukewarm; see [plodadh].
flùr
,
plùr
, flower, Ir.
[plúr], M.Ir. [plúr]; from the M.Eng. [flour], O.Fr. [flour], Lat.
[florem], G.
flùr
is from the Scotch.
fo
, under, Ir., O.Ir. [fo], W. [go-], O.W.
[guo-], Cor. [go-], Cor., Bret. [gou-], Gaul. [vo-]: [*vo], for
[*u(p)o]; I.E. [upo]; Gr.
&ubcom;pó
; Lat.
[s-ub]; Got. [uf]; Skr. [upa], hither.
fò
, brink (Carm.):
fobhannan
(
fòthannan
), a
thistle, Ir. [fóbhthán], [fóthannán], E.Ir. [omthann], [*omo-tanno-],
"raw or rough twig"? See [amh] and [caorrunn]. Dial.
fonntan
(Arran).
focal
, word; see [facal].
fochaid
, scoffing, Ir. [fochmhuid],
[fochuidbheadh], M.Ir. [fochmaid], E.Ir. [fochuitbiud],
[*fo-con-tib-], root [teb], smile, O.Ir. [tibiu], laugh; Lit.
[stebiůs], be astonished.
fochair
, presence,
am
fochar
, coram, Ir., M.Ir. [fochair]: [*fo-char], [car] being
[cor], put.
fochann
, young corn in the blade, Ir.
[fochan], M.Ir. [fochon]; [*vo-kuno]? Root [kun], [ku], increase,
Gaul. [cuno-], high, etc. See [curaidh].
fód
, a peat, turf, Ir. [fód], O.Ir. [fót]:
[*vonto-]?
fodar
, fodder, Ir. [fodar]; from the Eng.
[fodder].
fògair
, expel, banish, Ir. [fógair], command,
proclaim, O.Ir. [fócairim] (do.), [fócre], monitio: [*fo-od-gar-];
root [gar] of [goir]. ++
fogh
, quiet, careless
(Stew.):
foghail
, a hostile incursion, Ir. [foghail],
E.Ir. [fogal]; [*fo-gal]: root [gal], valour, war. See [gal].
foghail
,
fòghail
, noise,
bustle, merriment; for first sense, see [foghair], for second, see
[othail].
foghainteach
, valorous, Ir. [fóghainteach],
good, fit, serviceable, [fóghaint], ability: "capable"; from
[foghainn], suffice. See [fòghnadh]. Ir. [foghaintidhe], a servant.
foghair
, a sound, tone, so Ir., O.Ir.
[fogur], sonus: [*fo-gar-]; root [gar] of [goir]. Strachan makes the
root part [fog], and refers it to [fuaim], q.v.
foghar
, harvest, Ir. [fóghmhar], M.Ir.
[fogamur], autumn, E.Ir. [fogamur], [fogomur], last month of autumn:
[*fo-gamur], the [gamur] being from the root of [geamhradh], winter,
q.v. The idea is "sub hiemem". Cf. W. [cynauaf], harvest, O.W.
[kynnhaeaf], from [cyn], before, and [gauaf], winter.
fòghlum
, learning, Ir. [fóghluim], O.Ir.
[foglaim], vb. [fogliunn]: [*vo-glendô], [*glendô], make clear; Eng.
[glance], Ger. [glanz], splendour; Ch.Sl. [gle@?edati], show.
fòghnadh
, sufficiency, service, Ir.
[foghnamh], O.Ir. [fognam], service; from [fo] and [gnìomh], deed.
foichein
, a wrapper, infant's clout:
foichlean
, a sprout, young corn (Arm.),
faichean
(Arg.), Ir. [foichnín]; see [fochann].
fóid
, a peat; see [fód].
fòidheach
, a beggar; see [faoighe].
foidhearach
, naked (H.S.D., Dial.):
foidhidinn
, patience, Ir. [foighid], O.Ir.
[foditiu], toleratio ([*vo-dam-tin-]), vb. [fodamim], patior, root
[dam]; Lat. [domo], I tame, subdue; Gr.
damáw
(do.); Eng. [tame]; Skr. [dâmyati], tame.
foighnich
, ask; see [faighnich]. Also, more
Dialectic,
foinich
.
foil
, macerate, broil; see [fail]. Hence
foileag
, a cake suddenly and imperfectly toasted.
foil
, pig-stye; see [fail].
fòil
, slow, stately,
fòill
, composure, Ir. [fòil], [fóill], softly! a while,
M.Ir. [co fóill], slowly, for a while, E.Ir. [co foill], slowly:
foileadh
, slow development:
foill
, treachery, O.Ir. [foile], astutia. G.
is for [*volni-], Ir. for [*foliâ], both side-forms to [feall],
treachery, q.v.
foillsich
, reveal, O.Ir. [foillsigim]
[*svolnestikiô]; see [follus].
foinich
, ask; see [faighnich].
foinne
, a wart, Ir. [faine], [faithne], W.,
Cor. [gwenan], blister, Br. [gwennhaenn], a wart; Eng. [wen], Ag.S.
[wenn] (Ern.).
foinneamh
,
foinidh
,
handsome, genteel; cf. next word, also Lat. [vinnulus], delightful,
root [ven], as in G. [fine], etc.
foinnich
, temper, Ir. [foinnim], temper,
knead, [foinnighte], tempered, kneaded. Cf above word.>>
foir-
, prefix meaning "super", same as
for-
: see [far], [air](b).
fòir
, help, Ir. [fóir] (vb. and n.), E.Ir.
[foriuth], I. help, O.Ir. [don-fóir], to help us: [*vo-ret-]; root
[ret] of [ruith], run. For force, cf. [furtachd]. The W. [gwared],
release, Br. [goret], are of like elecents. Similarly
foirbheart
(an Ir. word really), assistance, is from
[foir-] and [beir].
foirbhillidh
, acceptable (M`D); from [for]
and [bail], good?
foirceadal
,
foircheadal
,
instruction, catechism, Ir. [foircheadal], O.Ir. [forcital], doctrina,
vb. [forchun], doceo: [*for-can-]; root [can], say, sing. See [can].
foireann
,
foirionn
, a
band, crew, Ir. [fuirionn], E.Ir. [fairenn], O.Ir. [foirinn], O.W.
[querin], W. [gwerin], people, M.Br. [gueryn], [*vorênâ], [*vorinni-],
multitude, root [ver], enclose; Ag.S. [vorn], multitude, caterva; Lit.
[worà], long row in Indian file; Skr. [vrā/], troop, company.
See [fearann].
foirfe
, perfect, Ir. [foirfe], complete, old,
O.Ir. [foirbthe], pefectus, [forbe], perfectio, vb. [forbanar],
perficitur, [forfenar], consummatus: [*for-ben-]; root [ven], [va], go
(Lat. [venio], Gr.
baínw
,
&ecom;/bcn
, practically a verb "to be" (Stokes
[Neo-Celtic Verb. Subst.]).
fòirin
, assistance, E.Ir. inf.dat.
[foirithin]; see [fòir].
foirinn
, border land (Cam.)
foirm
, noise; side form of toirm?
fòirmeil
, brisk, lively (Sh., etc.): from
Eng. [formal] (Rob.).
foirmeilich
, formalists.
fòirne
, a band, dwellers, Ir. [foirne]
(O'B.); an oblique form of [foireann], g. [foirne].
fòirneadh
intruding; see [teirinn],
[teàrnadh].
fòirneis
, a furnace; see [fùirneis].
foirneata
, conspicuously brave; see [niata].
fois
, rest, Ir. [fois], O.Ir. [foss],
residence, remaining, rest, W. [ar-os]; [*voss-]; root [ves], be,
rest; Gr.
&acom;/stu
, city ([*vastus]);
Skr. [vástu], place; Lat. [Vesta]; Eng. [was], Ger. [wessen], be, Got.
[visa], remain. So all etymologists till Windisch (1892) suggested
the root [stâ], tat is [*vo-sto-]. Stokes still holds by old (1903).
Hence
foisdin
, taciturnity, Ir. [foisdine].
foisteadh
, wages, hire, Ir. [foistighim], I
hire; M.Ir. [foss], servant, W. [gwas] (Eng. [vassal]); from the same
root as [fois]. Also
fasdadh
.
folach
, covering, hiding; see [falach].
fòlach
, rank grass growing on dunghills;
[*vog-lo-], root, [vog], [veg] of [feur].
folachd
, a feud, bloodiness; see [fuil].
folachdain
, water-parsnip (H.S.D. quotes only
O'B.), Ir. [folachtain]:
follas
, publicity,
follaiseach
, public, Ir. [follus], public, manifest,
O.Ir. [follus], clear, shining, manifest, [*svolnestu-s]; see [solus].
fonn
, land, Ir. [fonn], E.Ir. [fond]; from
Lat. [fundus], which, again, is connected with G. [bonn], q.v.
fonn
, a tune, Ir. [fonn], tune, desire,
delight, M.Ir. [adbonn], a strain; [*svonno-], root [sven], sound,
Lat. [sonus], Eng. [sound]. See [seinn].
fonnsair
, a trooper (M`A.):
for-
, super-, Ir., O.Ir. [for-]; prep. [for],
for which see [far], [air](b).
forach
,
forch
, projection
into the sea (Carm.):
forail
, command, Ir. [foráilim]. See
[earail] for formation and root.
forair
, watch, Ir. [foraire]; from [for] and
[aire].
forasda
, sedate, so Ir.; see [farasda], in
the sese of "staid".
forbhas
, ambush (Sh., H.S.D., which quotes
Lh. and C.S.), Ir. [forbhas], E.Ir. [forbas], siege:
forc
, a fork, Ir. [forc], E.Ir. [forc] (=
[gobul]); for Lat. [furca], Eng. [fork].
forfhais
, Mforas>, information, inquiry, Ir.
[foras], E.Ir. [foras], [forus], true knowledge: [*for-fiss], from
[fiss] or [fios], knowledge, q.v. [foras feasa], "basis of
knowledge".
forgan
, keenness, anger; from a side-form
[forg] ([*vorg]) of [fearg]?
fòrlach
, a furlogh; from the Eng.
forluinn
, spite, hatred (H.S.D.), Ir., M.Ir.
[forlonn]; from [for] and [lonn], fierce.
forman
, a mould, Ir. [formán]; from Lat.
[forma].
forradh
, gain (H.S.D.), excrescence, shift
(M`E.); from [for] and [rath]? See [rath].
forsair
, a forester; from the English.
fortail
, strong, hardy, (an Ir. word
clearly), Ir. [foirteamhail], [fortail], brave, stout, E.Ir.
[fortail], predominant, strong; from Lat. [fortis].
fortan
, fortune, Ir. [fortún]; from Lat.
[fortuna].
fortas
, litter, refuse of cattle's food,
orts; from the Eng. [orts]. Lh. has an Ir. [fortas], straw.
fòs
, yet, still, Ir. [fós], M.Ir. [fós],
beos], O.Ir. [beus], [beius]. Stokes makes it a comparative in
s
from [beo-], allied to Lat. [beô], gladden,
[be-ne], well.
fosg
,
fosgag
, the lark
(Carm.):
fosgail
, open, so Ir., E.Ir. [oslaicim]:
[*f-od-as-leic]; Gaelic root [leic] or [leig], let. See [leig] and
cf. [tuasgail].
fosgarach
, open, frank:
fosglan
, porch (Carm.):
fosradh
, pounded bark (or anything) to stop
leaks; cf. Ir. [fosradh], scattering, from [*vo-ster-], root [ster],
strew.
fosradh
, hand feeding of cattle (Heb.):
fothach
, the glanders in horses, Ir.
[fothach], [fóthach]:
fòtus
, a flaw, refuse (M`A. says "rotten
pus", and gives
fòt
, rotten earth): from Sc.
[faut], as in [fabhd].
frabhas
, refuse, small potatoes (Arg.):
frachd
, freight; from Sc. [fraught], Eng.
[freight].
fradharc
, vision, sight, Ir. [rádharc], E.Ir.
[rodarc]: [*ro-darc]; root [derk], see, as in [dearc], q.v.
fraigein
, a brisk, warlike fellow; see
[frogan].
fraigh
, wattled partition, E.Ir. [fraig]:
[*vragi-], root [verg]; Skr. [vraja], hurdle; Gr.
e&icom;rgw
, shut in.
fraileach
, sea-weed (Sh., O'R.):
frangalus
, tansy;
lus na
Fraing
(Cameron), the French herb; from [Fraing], France. Ir.
[lus na bhfhrancach], M.Ir. [frangcan], tansy (St.).
fraoch
, heather, Ir. [fraoch], O.Ir.
[froech], W. [grug], Cor. [grig], M.Br. [groegon], [*vroiko-]; Gr.
&ecom;reíkc
. Hence G.
fraoch
, wrath, Ir. [fraoch], E.Ir. [fraech], furor.
fraochan
, toe-bit of shoe;
"heather-protector", from [fraoch]?
fraoidhnidh
, flourishing:
fraoidhneis
,
froinis
, a
fringe; from the Eng.
fraoileadh
, a flustering by liquor; Dial.
sraoileadh
:
fraon
, a place of shelter in the mountains
(Sh., O'R.), [fraoinibh] (D.Bàn):
fras
, a shower, Ir. [fras], E.Ir. [frass],
[*vrastâ]; Gr.
&ecom;/rsc
, dew; Skr.
[farsham], rain.
freagair
, answer, Ir. [freagairim], E.Ir.
[frecraim]: [*frith-gar-], root [gar] of [goir].
freasdal
, serving, attending, Ir.
[freasdail], O.Ir. [frestal], [fresdel]: [*fris-do-el-]; for root see
[fritheil]. Dr Cameron referred it to [fris] and [tal], which see in
[tuarastal].
freiceadan
, a guard, watch:
[*frith-coimhead-an]; from [coimhead], guard, look, q.v.
freiteach
, a vow, interdictory resolution,
E.Ir. [fretech], [fristoing], repudiation, renunciation, O.Ir.
[fristossam], renuntiaverimus; root [tong], [tog], swear, Lat.
[tongeo], think, Eng. [think]. Stokes gives the final root as [tag],
take, Lat. [tangere]. Ir. [tong], swear, is allied to W. [tyngu].
freòine
, fury, rage:
freothainn
, bent-grass (Arg.):
freumh
,
friamh
, a root,
Ir. [fréamh], E.Ir. [frém], W. [gwraidd], [gwreiddyn], Cor.
[grueiten], Br. [grisienn], [*v&rdot;d-mâ], [*v&rdot;djo-], [*v&rdot;dnu-]:
Lat. [radix], root; Gr.
&rbcom;íza
; Got.
[vaurts], Eng. [wort], [root].
frìde
, a tetter, ring-worm, M.Ir. [frigde],
flesh-worm, E.Ir. [frigit], W. [gwraint], M.Br. [gruech],
[*v&rdot;g&ndot;tiâ], root [verg]; Eng. [wriggle].
frìdeam
, support, attention:
frighig
, fry; from the Eng. [frying].
friochd
, a second dram, a nip:
friochdan
, a frying pan, Ir. [friochtán]; cf.
Ir. [friochtalaim], I fry. From [fry] of the Eng.
frioghan
,
friodhan
, a
bristle, pig's bristle; M.Ir. [frighan] i. [guairech muc]; root
[v&rdot;g] as in [fraigh]? Cf. W. [gwrych], hedge, bristles,
[*v&rdot;g-ko-]. Hence
frioghail
, sharp, keen.
frionas
, fretfulness: [*friogh'n-as],
"bristlines"; from [frioghan].
friotach
, fretful (Stew.); see [frith], wour
look. ++
frith
, an incantation to discover if
far-away persons live (Heb.), fate (Sh., O'R.); from the Nrose
[frétt], enquiry of the gods about the future, Sc. [fret], [freit].
frith
,
frioth
, small,
trifling (Sh., O'R.), which M`A. says antecedes the noun, is the prep.
[frith] or [ri].
frith
, a sour or angry look (A.M`D.),
frithearachd
, peevishness, Ir. [frithir], peevish:
[*v&rdot;ti-]; root of [ri] "against"?
frìth
, a forest, deer forest, Ir. [frith],
wild, mountainous place, W. [ffridd], forest; from M.Eng. [frið],
deer park, Ag.S. [frið].
frith-
,
fre-
,
freas-
, prefix = prep. [ri] by force and derivation;
which see.
fritheil
, attend, Ir. [friotholaim] (Con.
[friothólaim], E.Ir. [frithailim], root [-al-] (Ascoli), go; root
[al], [el], [eln] of [tadhal], q.v.
frithir
, earnest, eager (Stew.), Ir.
[frithir], earnest, peevish; cf. [frith], sour look.
fròg
, a hole, fen, den,
ròg
(Suth.).
frogan
, liveliness, a slight degree of
drunkenness:
froighnighe
, a dampness oozing through the
wall; from [fraigh] and [snighe].
froineadh
, a sudden tugging, rushing at
(M`D.):
froìnis
, a fringe; see [fraoidhneis].
fròmhaidh
, hoarse, rough:
fruan
, acclivity (Carm.):
fuachd
, cold, so Ir., O.Ir. [uacht], [ócht],
[*aukto-]; Lettic [auksts], cold (adj.), Lit [áuszti], cold, be cold.
fuadaich
, drive away, Ir. [fuadaighim], drive
away, snatch away, E.Ir. [fúataigm]: [*fo-od-tech](?); see [teich].
Hence
fuadan
, wandering.
fuadarach
, hasty, in a hurry (Stew., Arm. and
H.S.D.), Ir. [fuadar], haste; from [fuad-] of [fuadaich]? Cf. Sc.
[foutre]>
fuagarthach
, exiled; see [fògair].
fuaidne
, loose pins of warping stakes. Cf.
O.Ir. [fuat].
fuaigh
, stitch,
fuaigheal
,
sewing, so Ir., E.Ir. [fúagaim], [úagaim], O.Ir. [úaimm] (n.):
[+out-s-men-]; root [poug], [pug], stitch, stick; Lat. [pungo], Eng.
[punch]. Zimmer (in 1882), referred it to the root of [òigh], the
idea being "integrate", from [óg], [uag], "integer". O.Ir.
[óigthidi], sartores.
fuaim
, noise, so Ir., E.Ir. [fúaimm] (pl.
[fuamand]). Neither [*vog-s-men] (Strachan; root [vog] of Skr.
[vagnú], sound, Got. [vôpjan], cry, Eng. [whoop]) nor [*voc-s-men]
(Stokes; root [voq], voice, Lat. [voco]) can give [ua], only
[&obreve;] or [ă].
fuaithne
, loom posts (Uist), Ir. [uaithne],
pillar, post, E.Ir. [úatne], a post (bed post). So Henderson;
[fùidne] (Wh.):
fual
, urine, so Ir., O.Ir. [fúal]: [*voglo-]
or [*voblo-]; root [vo&gcurly;], [ve&gcurly;], [u&gcurly;], be wet;
Gr.
&ubcom;grós
, wet, Eng. [hygrometer];
Lat. [humidus], [uveo], (for [ugveo]), be moist, Eng. [humour]; Norse
[vökva], moisture.
fuar
, cold, Ir. [fuar], E.Ir. [uar], W.
[oer], Cor. [oir]; [*ogro-], root [ug], [aug], of [fuacht], q.v.
Stokes refers it to the root [ve&gcurly;], [u&gcurly;], discussed
under [fual], especially Gr.
&ubcom;grós
,
wet; a root which would rather be [vob] in Celtic (cf. Lat.), and this
would not give W. [oer]. Strachan suggests either Ch.Sl.
[ogn&ibreve;], fire (Lat. [ignis]), or Gr.
págos
, frost (root [pâg], fix, fit). Hence
fuaradh
, windward side,
fuaran
, a
well,
fuarraidh
, damp,
fuarralanach
(Ir. [fuarálach], chill), cold feeling,
etc.; [fuar bhalla], an outside wall; [fuar-shlat], the rough strong
hoop used to bend in staves at the end of casks (Wh.).
fuasgail
, loose, untie, so Ir., E.Ir.
[fuaslaicim]; see [tuasgail].
fuath
, hatred, so Ir., M.Ir. [fúath]; cf.
E.Ir. [uath], awe, terror, terrible, and see [uath] for root.
fuath
, a spectre, so Ir., O.Ir. [fúath],
figura, forma:
fùcadh
, fulling cloth, M.G. [owkki
t]
(D.of L.), Ir. [úcaire], fuller; cf. [pùc].
fudag
, a shoe-strap (H.S.D. says Dial.):
fudaidh
, mean, vile; from Sc. [footy],
[fouty].
fùdar
, powder, Ir. [púdar]; from the Eng.
fùdraic
, smart, in good condition:
fuidh
! an interjection. See [fich].
fuidheall
, remainder, Ir. [fuigheall], O.Ir.
[fuidell], W. [gweddill]; also G.
fuidhleach
,
remains, E.Ir. [fuidlech]: [*vodilo-], [dîl], allied to Eng. [deal],
[dole], Ger. [teil] (St. with query).
fuidir
, a fool (Carm.):
fùidreadh
, commixing, pulverising; from
[fùdar]. Dial.
fùdradh
, turning hay in the
sunshine to dry it.
fùidsidh
, craven; from Sc. [fugie], one who
flies from the fight.
fuigheag
, a thrum, Ir. [fughóg]; from a short
vowel form of root of [fuaigh].
fuil
, blood, Ir., O.Ir. [fuil], gen. [fola],
[folo]: [*voli-], root [vol], [vel], well; Eng. [well]. Stokes
agrees.
fuilear
,
cha 'n fhuilear
dhomh
, I need, must; for [furail], O.Ir. [foráil], excessive
injunction, infliction, same root as [earail].
fuilig
,
fuiling
,
fulaing
, suffer (thou), Ir. [fulangaim], E.Ir.
[fulangim], O.Ir. [fuloing], sustinet, inf. [fulang]: "under-go"; from
[fo] and [*long], going, root [leng], spring, go, as in [leum], q.v.
Further allied is Ger. [verlangen], desire, Eng. [long], Lat.
[longus].
fuin
, bake, Ir. [fuinim], I knead, bake,
boil, E.Ir. [fuinim], bake, cook. Zimmer takes the word to mean "to
fire, bake", from the Norse [funi], flame, fire, E.Ir. [oc-fune] =
Norse [við funa], a-roasting; but unlikely. Possibly [*voni-],
"dress", root [ven], [von], Lat. [Venus], Eng. [venerate].
fuirbidh
, a strong man, also
fuirbearnach
; compounds of [bì] and [beir], with [for],
super.
fuirearadh
, a parching of corn; see
[eararadh].
fuirich
, stay, Ir. [fuirighim], E.Ir.
[fuirigim], noun [fuirech], O.Ir. [fuirset] (
s
future): [*vo-reg]; root [reg], stretch, go; Lat. [porrigo], [rego].
See [rach].
fuirm
, stools, a form, Ir. [fuirm], W.
[ffurf]; from Eng. [form].
fùirneis
,
fòirneis
, a
furnace, Ir. [furnéis]; from the Eng.
fuithein
,
fuifein
, a
galling, taking off the skin by riding (M`D.): [fo-bian]?
fulaing
(vb.),
fulang
(n.); see [fuilig].
fulaisg
, rock; from [fo]+[luaisg], q.v.
fulbh
, gloom (Arg.); see [suilbh].
fulmair
, a species of petrel, fulmar; from
Sc., Eng. [fulmar].
fulpanachd
, articulation, jointing (Sh.,
O'R., H.S.D.); cf. [alp].
funntainn
, benumbment by cold; see
[punntuinn]. Sc. [fundy].
furadh
, parching corn (Carm.), also
[furaradh]. See [fuirearadh].
furail
, incitement, command, Ir. [furáil],
E.Ir. [uráil], [furáil], O.Ir. [iráil]; the same as [earail], q.v.
furan
, a welcome, Ir. [furán], [foran]
(Connaught); root [ver], as in E.Ir. [feraim fáilti], I welcome. The
root means in E.Ir. "give rain" (see [fearthuinn]). The root of
[fhuair] seems mixed with that of [fearthuinn]. See [fearthuinn].
furas
, patience: [*f-air-asta], [asta]
(standing, staying) being for [ad-sta-], [ad] and [sta], stand.
furasda
(
furas
), easy,
easier, Ir. [furas], [furasda], E.Ir. [urusa]: [*air-usa], from [usa],
easier, q.v.
furbaidh
, wrath (Sh., O'R.),
furban
(H.S.D., from MSS); see [fuirbidh].
furbhailt
,
furailt
,
courtesy, kindly reception; also
furmailt
. For the
latter Armstrong gives "ceremony" as force, which may be from Eng.
[formality]. The words, otherwise, seem from [for-fàilte].
furm
, a stool; see [fuirm].
fùrlaich
, hate, detest (Arms.), revolt
against (Rob.):
furtachd
, relief, help, so Ir., O.Ir.
[fortacht] (gen. in [-an]): [*for-tiacht]; for Gaelic root [tiagh],
[tigh], see [tighinn].
fusgan
, a heather brush; cf. Sc. [whisker], a
bunch of feathers for sweeping, Eng. [whisk].
futhar
, the dog-days; from Sc. [fure-days].
gab
, a tattling mouth; from Sc. [gab] (do.),
M.Eng. [gabben], to chatter, mock, Norse [gabb], mockery, O.Fris
[gabbia], accuse.
gàbairt
, a transport vessel (Heb.); from Sc.
[gabert], a lighter, from Fr. [gabarre], storeship, lighter.
gabh
, take, Ir. [gabhaim], O.Ir. [gabaim],
[gaib], capit, inf. [gabáil], W. [gafael], prehensio (Eng.
[gavelkind]), Cor [gavel]: [*gabô], capio, do, [*gabagli]; Got.
[giban], give, Ger. [geben], Eng. [give]; Lit. [gabénti], bring.
gàbhadh
, danger, peril, Ir. [gábha(dh)],
E.Ir. [gába], [gábud]: cf. E.Ir. [gád], danger, Gr.
házw
, retire,
hzíos
, want,
hwrís
,
Lat. [hé-res].
gabhagan
, a titlark (Sh., O'R.,
H.S.D.):
gabhal
, fork; see best G. form in [gobhal].
gabhann
, flattery (Kirk, etc.; O'R.), gossip
(Perth); from [gabh]: "take in"?
gabhar
, goat; see best G. form in [gobhar].
gabhd
, a craft trick; from Sc. [gaud], a
trick. Cf. M.E. [gaude], specious trick (Chaucer), from Lat.
[gaudium], Eng. [gaud].
gabhlan
, a wandering, a man devoid of care
(H.S.D., which makes it Dial.; M`E.):
gach
, each, every, Ir. [gach], O.Ir. [cach],
[cech], omnis, quivis, W. [pob], O.W., Cor. [pop], Br. [pep], [pob]:
[*qo-qa], [*qe-qa], root [qo], [qe], of interrogative [co]; Lat.
[quisque]: Skr. [kac@?-ca]; etc.
gad
, a withe, switch, Ir. [gad], E.Ir. [gat]:
[*gazdo-]; Got. [gazds], goad, O.H.G. [gart], sting, rod, Norse,
[gaddr], sting, Eng. [yard]; Lat. [hasta], spear (from [ghaz-dhâ]?).
gàd
,
gàt
, an iron bar;
from Sc. [gad], a bar of metal, Eng. [gad], wedge of steel, M.Eng.
[gad], spike, bar, Norse, [gaddr], as under [gad].
gadaiche
, thief, Ir. [gaduigh], E.Ir.
[gataige]; see [goid].
gadair
, tie the fore feet of a horse, etc.
(H.S.D., Dial.); from [gad].
gadhar
,
gaothar
, lurcher
dog, Ir. [gadhar], mastiff, hunting dog, M.Ir. [gadar], mastiff, E.Ir.
[gagar]; from Norse [gagarr], dog (K.Meyer)? The Norse has [gagg],
the fox's cry, [gagl], a wild-goose; this seems to prove that the
Norse has a root [gag], howl, and is likely the original source of
[gagar].
gadluinne
, a slender, feeble fellow, a salmon
after spawning (Sh.): [*gad]+?
gadmunn
, hair insect, nit (H.S.D., M`A.):
fàdraisg
, tumult, confusion (H.S.D., Dial.):
gafann
, henbane (Sh., O'B., H.S.D.), Ir.
[gafann], Cor. [gahen]:
gàg
, a cleft, chink, Ir. [gág]: [*gâggâ],
[gâs-g], I.E. root [ghâ&gcurly;], further [ghô], [gha]; Eng. [gap],
[gape]; Gr.
háskw
, yawn,
háos
, abyss, Eng. [chaos]; Lat. [fauces],
throat. Cf. W. [gag]. Skeat takes hence Eng. [jag].
gagach
, stuttering (Sh., O'R.), Br. [gak]; an
onomatopoetic word. Cf. Eng. [gag], which Skeat queries if from G.
gagan
, a cluster:
gaibhteach
, a person in want, craver; from
[gabh].
gailbheach
, stormy, prodigious, E.Ir.
[gailbech], blustering; cf. Eng. [gale], Scandinavian origin, Dan.
[gal], furious, Norse [galinn] (do.). Also
gailbhinn
, a storm at sea, a storm of snow.
gailbhinn
, a great rough hill (Sh.,
"gailebhein", H.S.D.):
gaile
, excitement (M`D.):
gaill
, surly look, etc.; see [goill].
gàilleach
,
gailleach
, the
gum, a swelling of the gum (in cattle), seam of shoe uppers, or
junction of inner and outer barks of trees, Ir. [gailleach] (O'B):
gailleag
, a blow on the cheek, Ir.
[gailleóg]; from [gaill]. Cf. [sgailleag].
gaillionn
, a storm; cf. Norwegian [galen],
wind-storm, Norse [galinn], furious, Eng. [gale].
gaillseach
, an earwig, so Ir.:
gaillseach
, a mouth overcharged so that the
cheeks swell out, a mouthful of flesh. See [goill].
gaineamh
, sand, so Ir., E.Ir. [ganem]; root
[gâ] of Gr.
ga&iibre;a
, earth? Stokes gives
the stem as [gasnimâ], root [ghas], Lat. [harēna], sand. But
[gasn-] should give G. [gann]. Also
gainmheach
,
E.Ir. [ganmech].
gainisg
,
gainisgeag
,
sedge, a small divinity in marshes and sedges by water, moaning for
deaths to come (Carm.):
gainne
, a dart, arrow (Sh., O'B., H.S.D.,
M`E.),
gàinne
, arrowhead (Arg.), Ir. [gainne]:
[gasniâ]; root [gas] of [gad], q.v.
gainntir
, a prison, Ir. [gaintir] (Fol.):
gair
, near; see [gar].
gair
, call, crow; see [goir].
gàir
, a shout, outcry, Ir., E.Ir. [gáir], W.
[gawr], clamor: [*gâri-]; Gr.
g&cibre;rus
(Dor.
g&aibre;rus
), voice; root [gar],
[ger], as in [goir], q.v.
gàir
, laugh,
gàire
, a
laugh, Ir. [gáirim], [gáire], E.Ir. [gáire] (n.); from root [gar], as
in the foregoing word. Stokes give the stem as [*gâsriâ], and cfs.
Skr. [hasrá], laughing, [has], laugh.
gairbh
, a greedy stomach, deer's paunch:
gairbheil
,
gaireal
,
freestone, gravel, Ir. [gairbhéal], pron. [grabheal]; from Eng.
[gravel].
gairbhtheann
, a species of wild grass
(H.S.D.):
gàirdeachas
, rejoicing, Ir. [gáirdeachas],
M.Ir. [gáirdechad], delighting; from [gáir], laugh. K.Meyer regards
this as from older [*gartiugud], shortening or whiling time, from
[goirid], E.Ir. [urgartiugud], while time, amuse; with a leaning on
[gàir], laugh. Cf. W. [difyru], amuse, divert, from [byr], short.
gàirdean
,
gaoirdean
, an
arm; from Sc. [gardy], arm, [gardis], yards, same as [yard].
gairgean
, from Eng. [garlic] and G. [garg],
bitter, by popular etymology.
gairgein
, stale wine, Ir. [gairgín], dung;
from [garg].
gaireas
,
goireas
,
convenience; see [goireas].
gairsinn
, disgust, Ir. [gairseamhuil],
obscene, wanton:
gairm
, a call, office, Ir. [gairm], pl.
[garmanna], O.Ir. [gairm], W., Br. [garm], a shout: [*garsmen-]; root
[gar] of [goir], q.v.
gàirneal
, a meal chest, Ir. [gairnéal], a
meal magazine, garner; from Sc. [garnell], [girnell], Eng. [garner],
from O.Fr. [gernier], from Lat. [granarium], granary.
gàirneilear
, a gardener; from the English.
gais
, a torrent (H.S.D. and Ir.), surfeit;
from Eng. [gush]?
gàis
, wisdom, lance, plenty (Carm.):
gais
, shrivel up; from [gas], twig? For
sense, cf. [crannadh].
gaisde
, a trap (Sh., O'B., H.S.D.), Ir.
[gaisde], O.Ir. [goiste], noose; from [gaoisd], horse hair?
gaisde
, a wisp of straw (H.S.D.); cf.
[gaoisd].
gaise
, a daunting (M`A.); cf [gais], shrivel.
gaisge
, valour, Ir. [gaisge], bravery, E.Ir.
[gaisced], [gasced], bravery, feats of arms, armour, weapons; the idea
seems to be "feats" and the root the same as in [gasda], q.v.
gal
, weeping, Ir. [gul], E.Ir. [gol], I.E.
[&gcurly;el], pain; Ger. [qual], pain, [quälen], torment; Lit [gélti],
to smart. Cf. [galar]. ++
gal
, valour, war, E.Ir.
[gal], O.Br. [gal], puissance, [*galâ], W. [gallu], posse, Br.
[galloet] (do.), Cor. [gallos], might: [*galno-]; Lit. [galiu], I
can, Ch.Sl [golemŭ], great. Hence the national name [Galatae],
Galatian, also [gallus], a Gaul (but see [Gall]).
galad
, good girl, brave girl, fem. for
[laochan], used in encouraging address:
a ghalad
.
Root is [gal] ([*galnat]), brave.
galan
, a gallon, Ir. [galun]; from the Eng.
galar
, a disease, Ir., O.Ir. [galar], W.
[galar], grief, Br. [glar], [glachar], (do.); [*galro-n]. Bez.
suggests as allied Norse [galli], flaw, Umbr. [holtu], Ch.Sl.
[zŭlŭ], bad, sore. But cf. [gal], weep.
galc
, thicken cloth, fulling; from the Eng.
[walk], [waulk].
Gall
, a Lowlander, stranger, Ir. [Gall], a
stranger, Englishman, E.Ir. [gall], foreigner; from [Gallus], a Gaul,
the Gauls being the first strangers to visit or be visited by the
Irish in Pre-Roman and Roman times (Zimmer). for derivation see
[gal], valour. Stokes takes a different view; he gives as basis for
[gall], stranger, [*gallo-s], W. [gal], enemy, foe: [*ghaslo-]? root
[ghas], Lat. [hos-tis], Eng. [guest]. Hence he derives [Gallus], a
Gaul, so named from some Celtic dialect.
galla
, a bitch; cf. W. [gast], a bitch. G.
is possibly for [*gas-liâ]. Pott has adduced Spanish [galgo],
greyhound, which, however, is founded on [canis Gallicus]. See
[gasradh] for root.
gallan
, a branch, a youth (fig.): [*gas-lo-],
root [gas] of [gas], q.v. Cf. W. [gelin], a shoot.
galluran
, wood angelica, so Ir.:
[gal]+[flùran].
galuban
, a band put upon the dugs of mares to
prevent the foal sucking (H.S.D., Dial.):
gàmag
, a stride, Ir. [gámus], proud gait or
carriage: [*gang-mo-](?); Sc. [gang], Ger. [gang], gait. Cf. [gòmag].
gamhainn
, a year-old calf, a stirk, Ir.
[gamhuin], a calf, E.Ir. [gamuin], pl.g. [gamna], year-old calf; from
[gam], winter: "winter-old". For root, see [gamhradh]. Confirmed by
the proverb: "Oidhche Shamhna, theirear gamhna ris na laoigh" - On
Hallowe'en the calves are called stirks. Similarly and from the same
root are Norse [gymbr], a year-old ewe lamb, Sc. [gimmer], Gr.
hímaros
, a yearling goat (Dor.). Hence
gamhnach
, farrow cow.
gamhlas
, malice,
gannlas
,
ganndas
(Dial.); from [gann]?
ganail
, rail, fold (Sh., O'B., H.S.D.), Ir.
[ganail]: cf. gunwale.
gangaid
, deceit (Sh., O'B., etc.), bustle,
light-headed creature (Sh.), Ir., M.Ir. [gangaid], deceit, falsehood:
gann
, scarce, Ir. [gann], O.Ir. [gann],
[gand]: [*gando-s]; Skr. [gandháyate], hurt; Lit. [gendù], be injured
(Stokes).
gànradh
, a gander, Ir. [gandal]; from the
Eng.
gànraich
, roaring noise as of billows or
birds:
gaog
, a lump as in yarn or cloth; cf.
[goigean].
gaoid
, a blemish, Ir. [gaoid], a stain; cf.
E.Ir. [góet], a wound: [*gaizdo-]; Lit. [z@?aizda], a wound.
gaoir
, a noise, a cry of pain or alarm,
sensation or thrill of pain (Perth.); from [gàir], shout?
gaoisd
,
gaoisid
, horse
hair, M.Ir. [goisideach], crinitus, O.Ir. [goiste], suspendium,
laqueus: [*gaissinti-], [*gait-tinti]; Gr.
haítc
, mane, flowing hair.
gaoistean
, a crafty fellow (H.S.D. from
MSS.), Ir. [gaistín]; cf. [gaisde], a trap.
gaoithean
, a fop, empty-headed fellow; from
[gaoth], wind.
gaol
, love, Ir. [gaol], kin, family, E.Ir.
[gáel], relationship: [*gailo-]; Lit. [gailùs], compassionate; Got.
[gailjan], gladden, Ger. [geil], wanton; Gr.
fílos
, friendly. Stokes and Strachan agree.
gaorr
, fæces, ordure in the intestines, gore,
Ir. [garr], probably from Eng. [gore], Ag.S. [gor], dirt. Hence
gaorran
, big belly, a glutton. In Arg. pronounced with
Northern [ao] sound; in North, pronounced with [ao] broad as in Arg.
Consider [skar] in sharn (Sc.); cf [gaoirnean] or [gaoirnean].
gaorsach
, a bawd, slut: "dirty wench"; from
[gaorr] and the female termination [-sach]? Cf. [siùrsach].
gaort
,
giort
, a saddle
girth; from the Eng.
gaoth
, wind, so Ir., E.Ir. [gaeth], [goeth],
O.Ir. [gáith]: [*gaito-], from root [gai], I.E. [ghai], [ghei], [ghi],
drive, storm, as in G. [geamhradh], q.v. Eng. [ghost] (I.E.
[ghoizdo-s]) is allied. Stokes refers it to the root of [gath]
solely, which is [ghai] as above.
gar
, warm, Ir. [goraim], O.Ir. [gorim], Br.
[gor], burning, W. [gwrês], heat: [*gorô], I warm; Gr.
qeros
, summer heat,
qermós
, warm, Eng. [thermo-]meter; Lat. [furnus],
oven, furnace; Ch.Sl.
[gorêti], burn; further Eng.
[warm] (I.E. [*&gcurly;h
u
ormo-], Teut.
[gwarm].
gar
,
gair
,
gaire
, near proximity, Ir. [gar], near (adj. and adv.),
M.Ir. [gar], shortly, W. [ger], [gar], near. See [gairid] for root.
gar
, although (Dial.): [*ga-ro]. For [ga],
see [ge]; [ro] is the verbal particle.
gàradh
,
gàrradh
, a garden,
Ir. [gardhadh], M.Ir. [garrda]; from the Norse [garðr], a yard, M.Eng.
[gard], [garþ], Eng. [yard], [garden].
garadh
,
garaidh
, a den,
copse,
garan
, thicket, Ir. [garán], underwood,
thicket, [garrán], grove, root [gar], bristle, be rough, I.E. [gher],
stand stiff, tear, scratch; Gr.
hárax
, a
stake,
harádra
, ravine; Lat.
[hir-sutus], hirsute, [hēr], hedge-hog, [furca], a fork; Lit.
[z@?eriù], scrape, etc. See [garbh].
garbh
, rough, so Ir., O.Ir. [garb], W.
[garw], Br. [garu], hard, cruel: [*garvo-]; I.E. [gher], scratchy,
rough, tearing; Gr.
hc/r
, hedgehog, Lat.
[hēr] (do.), hirsutus, hirsute, Skr. [gárshati], be stiff. See
[garadh] further. Some join it with Lat. [gravis], but as this is
allied to Gr.
barús
, heavy, the G. would
rather be [barbh]. Lat. [horreo]?
garbhag
, sprat, garvie (Dial.); from the Sc.
[garvie]. In Arran,
garbhanach
, is the sea-bream,
but this is from G. [garbh].
garbhan
, the gills of a fish (N.H.). See
[giùran].
gàrcan
, a hen's complaint; onomatopoetic.
See [gráchdan].
garg
, fierce, angry, bitter, Ir. [garg],
O.Ir. [garg], [gargg]: [*gorgo-s]; Gr.
gorgós
, rough, frightsome. There is an obsolete
M.Ir. [gearg], [*gergo-s].
gàrlach
, a screaming infant, little villian,
vagabond, Ir. [garlach]; from [gar], cry, with the termination [-lach]
(see [òglach]).
garluch
, a mole (Sh., O'B., H.S.D.), Ir.
[garluch]: [*gar-luch]; [luch] and [gar](?).
garmainn
,
garman
, a
weaver's beam, Ir., E.Ir. [garmain], O.Ir. gen. [garmne], W.
[carfan]; from the root of [cuir], put? [*ger], [*gher], spear?
garrach
, a glutton, gorbelly, dirty creature,
Ir. [garrfhiach], a glutton (O'B.); allied to Eng. [gorbelly], [gore],
by borrowing(?).
gàrradh
, a garden; better spelling than
[gàradh], q.v.
garrag
, a young crow; cf. Wng. [gorcrow],
root [gor] of Eng. [gore], as in [garrach].
garrag
, a sudden yell, Ir. [gartha], clamour,
roaring; from [gar] of [goir].
gart
, surly aspect, gloom; cf. [goirt], sore,
sour.
gart
, standing corn, Ir. [gort], cornfield,
O.Ir. [gort], seges; Gr.
hórtos
,
fodder. See [goirtean] further.
gartan
, a garter; from the Eng.
gas
, twig, a stalk, Ir. [gas]: [*gastâ]; Lat.
[hasta] (see [gad]). Bez. queries if not from [*gasksâ], Lit.
[zagarai], brushwood.
gàsaid
, fraw (Dial.):
gasda
, excellent, Ir. [gasda], clever,
ingenious, E.Ir. [gasta] (do.): [*gassavo-s], [*gas-tavo], root [gad]
([gad-s]); Gr.
ágaqós
, Eng. [good], Lat.
[habilis]?
gasg
, a tail: [*gad-sko-]; Zend [zadhañh],
podex, Gr.
hézw
, cacare.
gasgag
, a step, stride: [*gad-sko-], root
[gad], go, M.Ir. [gaid], goes; Eng. [gait], Ger. [gasse], way.
gasradh
, salacity in female dogs, W. [gast],
a bitch; root [gas], [gat-s], M.Br. [gadales], meretrix, Fr. [gouïne],
O.Ir. [goithimm], futuo.
gasraidh
, rabble, mercenary soldiers, Ir.
[gasradh], band of domestic troops, "youths", from [gas], military
servant; borrowed from the W. [gwas], whence Eng. [vassal]. See
[fasdadh].
gàt
, an iron bar; see [gàd].
gath
, a dart, sting, Ir. [gath], E.Ir. [gai],
[gae], Gaul. [gaiso-n]; Norse [geirr], spear, Ag.S. [gâr], Eng.
[gar]-lic; Gr.
ha&iibre;os
, shepherd's
crook; Skr [héshas], missile.
ge
, whoever,
ge b' è
,
whatever, whoever, Ir. [gibé], E.Ir. [cé bé]; for [ge], see [co], the
interrogative pronoun; [bé] is the subh. of [bì].
ge
, though, Ir. [gidh], O.Ir. [ce], [ci],
[cía]; same root as above. See also [ged].
geacach
, sententious, pert; from Sc. [geck],
to sport, to deride, Ger. [gecken], hoax.
gead
, a spot of arable land, a garden bed, a
spot in a horse's forehead, Ir. [gead]:
gead
, a lock of hair (H.S.D.); aso "to clip":
geadas
, a pike, Ir. [geadus]; from Norse
[gedda], Sc. [ged], allied to Eng. [goad].
gèadh
, a goose, Ir. [géadh], E.Ir. [géd], W.
[gwydd], O.Cor. [guit], auca, Cor. [goydh], goose, Br. [goaz], [gwaz]:
[*gegdo-], root [geg], cry like a goose; Norse [gagl], wild goose,
M.H.G. [gage], [gige], cry like a goose, [gigze] produce inarticulate
sound; Lit. [gagónas], goose-like, Servian [gagula], a water-fowl,
Russ. [gagara], silver-diver (Stokes). It cannot be referred to the
roots of Eng. [goose] and [gander] ([ghans-], [ghandro-].
geadhail
, a ploughed field, park (Arg., M`A);
hence
earghalt
, arable land: same root as
gead
, viz., [ged], hold, Eng. [get].
geal
, a leech, E.Ir. [gel], W. [gel], Cor.
[ghel], Br. [gelaonen]; Gr.
bdélla
,
blétues
, leeches (Hes.); Skr. [jalûka],
blood-leech; I.E. root [gel], devour, Lat. [gula], throat, Eng.
[gullet], etc.
geal
, white, Ir. [geal], E.Ir. [gel]:
[*gelo-], I.E. root [&gcurly;hel], clear, shine, glow; Lit. [geltas],
pale-yellow; Eng. [gleam], glow; Gr.
hlíw
, be warm,
hális
, unmixed wine; etc. Stokes connects it
with Lit. [z@?ila-s], grey; the usual derivation joins it with Lat.
[helvus], light bay, Eng. [yellow], Lit [z@?élti], grow
green, Ch.Sl. [zelenŭ], green. Hence
gealach
, the moon, so Ir.;
gealan
, a
linnet.
gealbhan
, a fire, little fire: [*gelvo-],
I.E. [ghel], glow; Eng. [glow], [gleam]; Gr.
hlíw
, be warm. See [geal].
gealbhonn
, a aparrow, so Ir., M.Ir.
[gelbund], W. [golfan], Cor., Br. [golvan]; from [geal], white. Cf.
Gr.
helidw/n
, swallow, Norse [gal]
(do.).
geall
, a pledge, Ir. [geall], O.Ir. [gell],
pignus: [*gis-lo-], root, [gis], [geis], of [giall], hostage, q.v.
Stokes derives it thus: [*geldo-s], [*geldo-n], now [*gelno-n],
[gislo-n-], Got. [gild], tribute, Ger. [geld], money, Eng. [yield],
[guild]; Gr.
&ocom;féllw
, owe,
télqos
(Hes.), debt.
geall
, desire, longing, Ir. [geall]: in the
G. phrase,
an geall air
, Keating's [i ngeall], in
need of; from [geall]; from [geall] above.
gealtach
, cowardly, Ir. [gealtach], fearful;
see [geilt].
geamradh
, winter, Ir. [geimhreadh], E.Ir.
[gemred], O.Ir. [gaimred], O.W. [gaem], W. [gauaf], Cor. [goyf], Br.
[goam], M.Br. [gouaff]: [*gimo-] (for Gadelic), [*gaiamo-], [*gaimo-]
(for Brittonic, Stokes); I.E. [ghim], [gheim], [ghiem]; Skr. [himá],
cold, Zend [zima], winter; Ch.Sl. [zima]; Gr.
heimw/n
; Lat. [hiems]. The O.Ir. [gam], for
[gem], has its vowel influenced by the analogy of [samh] of [samhradh]
(Thur.). Thur. now suggests Celt. [*giamo]; cf. Gaul. [Giamillus].
geamhta
,
geamhd
, anything
short and thick, Ir. [geamhdóg], a little cake of bread (O'R.); for
root, cf. [geimheal]. Cf. Ir. [giobhta], [giota], a piece.
geamnaidh
, chaste, Ir. [geanmnuidh], E.Ir.
[genmnaid], O.Ir. [genas], casitas; from the root [gen], birth, Eng.
[genteel], [gentle]. See [gin].
gean
, mood, humour, good humour, Ir. [gean],
favour, approval, affection; cf. Lat. [genius], [ingenium], root
[gen], Eng. [kin], [kind]. E.Ir. [gen], laugh, may be compared to Gr.
gános
, joy (Bez.); Stokes suggests
[*gesno-], Skr. [has], laugh.
geangach
, crooked, thick and short; see
[gingein].
geanm-chnò
, chestnut, Ir. [geanmchnù]:
"chastity tree"; a mistaken translation of Lat. [castanea], chestnut,
as if from [castus], chaste.
geannair
, a hammer, wedge, Ir. [geannaire];
see [geinne].
gearan
, a complaint, Ir. [gearán], M.Ir.
[gerán], root [ger], cry; O.H.G., [quëran], sigh, [chara], weep, Ag.S.
[cearu], sorrow, Eng. [care]; further allied is root [gar], sound, as
in [goir]. Cf. W. [gerain], cry, squeak, and Gr.
dúromai
, lament.
gearasdan
, a garrison, Ir. [gairision]; from
the Eng.
geàrnal
, girnell; see [gàirneal].
geàrr
, short, cut (vb.), Ir. [géarr],
[geárraim], E.Ir. [gerr], [gerraim]: [*gerso-s]. Stokes cfs. Gr.
hereíwn
,
heírwn
, worse, Skr. [hrasva], short. Cf. M.Eng.
[garsen], gash, O.Gr. [garser].
geàrr
, a hare, Ir. [geirrfhiadh]: short
deer"; from [geàrr] and [fiadh], the latter word being omitted in G.
geàrrach
, diarrhœa, bloody flux:
gearraidh
, the pasture-land between the
shor-land and the moor-land (Heb.); from N.
gerði
, fenced field, garth. Shet. [Gairdi].
gearran
, a gelding, Ir., M.Ir. [gearrán];
from [geàrr], cut.
Gearran
, the 4 weeks dating from 15th March
onwards (H.S.D.). This forms a part of the animal nomenclature given
to the several periods of Spring-time: first the
Faoilleach
, explained as "Wolf-month"; then the
Feadag
, or Plover, a week's length; then the
Gearran
, or Gelding, variously estimated as to length
and time; then came the
Cailleach
, or Old Woman, a
week's time; then perhaps the three days of the
Oisgean
, or ewes. See Nich. pp 412-414.
geas
, spell, taboo, charm, Ir., E.Ir. [geis],
taboo, [gessim] (vb.): [*gessô], [*ged-to], root [ged] of [guidhe],
q.v.
geata
, gate, so Ir., M.Ir. [geta]; from Ag.S.
[geat], Eng. [gate].
ged
, although: [*ge-ta]; same as [ciod].
geìl
, a bubble, well (Carm.); also [boil]:
géill
, yield, submit, Ir. [géillim], E.Ir.
[gíallaim], O.Ir. [geillfit], dedentur; from [giall], hostage.
geilt
, terror, fear, Ir. [geilt], a
distracted person, wild, M.Ir. [geltacht], flying, E.Ir. [geilt], mad
by fear; Norse [verða at gjalti], to turn mad with terror (borrowed
from Celtic, Stokes, Thurneysen; borrowed into Celtic, Zimmer).
Stokes refers it to a root [ghel], fly, suggested by Gr.
helidw/n
, a swallow.
geimheal
, a fetter, chain, Ir. [géimhiol],
E.Ir. [geimel], [gemel]: [*gemelo-], root [gem], fasten; Gr.
génto
, grasped (
*gém-to
),
gámos
,
marriage; Lat. [gemini], twins; Ch.Sl. [z@?ima@?], comprimere.
geimhleag
,
géimhleag
,
(Wh.), a crow-bar, lever; from Sc. [gaie-lock], a spear, [javelin],
Ag.S. [gafeloc], spear, possibly from an early form of W. [gaflach], a
dart, the root being that in [gobhal], fork.
geinn
, a wedge, so Ir., E.Ir. [geind], W.
[gaing], Br. [genn], O.Br. [gen], M.Br. [guenn]: [*genni-], root
[gen], as in Lettic [dfenis], the wood wedged into the fork of the
ploughshare, [dfenulis], sting, Ch.Sl. [z@?e@?lo] (do.). N. [gand],
[gann], a peg, stick, Lat. [offendo], [*fendo], Eng. [offend] (Stokes
and Liden). Cf. Ir. [ding].
geintleach
, a heathen, Ir. [geinteach], M.Ir.
[genntlige] (adj.), [gennti], gentiles; from the Lat. [gens]
([gentis]), [gentilis].
geir
, tallow, Ir., E.Ir. [geir], W. [gwer],
[gired], grease. Cf. Gr.
hríw
, anoint,
Skr. [gharsati] (do.), [*ghrsjô].
geis
, gestation, gestators; milk (Carm.):
géisg
, creaking noise; see [gìosgan].
geòb
, a wry mouth; from the Eng. [gape],
Ag.S. [geapian].
geòc
,
geoic
, a wry neck;
formed on Eng. [cock]? Cf. Sc. [gekk], grimace.
geòcaire
, a glutton, Ir. [geócaire], a
glutton, stroller, parasite, M.Ir. [geocach], mimus; formed on Lat.
[jocosus] (Stokes).
geòdh
,
geodha
, a creek:
from the Norse [gjá], a chasm, whence N. Scotch [geo].
geòla
, ship's boat, yawl; from the
Scandinavian - Mod.Norse [jula], Swedish [julle], Dan. [jolle], Sc.
[yolle], Eng. [yawl], [jolly]-boat.
geòlach
, a wooden bier, the shoulder-bands of
the dead; for root, see [giùlan]?
geòpraich
, a torrent of idle talk; cf.
[geòb].
geolan
, a fan
geulran
(Sh.), Ir. [geóilrean]; from the root of [giùlan]?
geòtan
, a spot of arable ground (H.S.D.), a
driblet or trifling sum (M`A.):
geuban
,
giaban
, the craw
or crop of a bird; see [geòb].
geug
, a branch, Ir. [geug], [géag], E.Ir.
[géc]: [*g&ndot;kâ], [k&ndot;kâ], W. [cainc], [ysgainc]; Skr. [c@?añkú],
twig, stake; Ch.Sl. [sa@?kŭ], surculus.
geum
, a low, Ir. [geim], a lowing, roar,
E.Ir. [géim], shout, [géssim], I low: [*gengmen-]; Lit. [z@?vengiu],
neigh; Ch.Sl. [zve@?ga@?] sound. Cf. Eng. [squeak]. Cf. Ch.Sl.
[gangnati], murmur.
geur
,
giar
, sharp, Ir.
[geur], O.Ir. [gér]:
gheibh
, will get, Ir. [gheibhim];
root-accented form of [faigh], q.v.
giaban
, gizzard; see [geuban].
giall
, a jaw or cheek, jowl, Ir., M.Ir.
[giall], faucibus; the G. form
ciobhall
, seems
borrowed from Ag.S. [ceafl], Eng. [jowl]; perhaps all are from the
Eng. ++
giall
, a hostage, pledge, Ir. [giall],
O.Ir. [giall], W. [gwystl], hostage, Cor. [guistel], obses, Br.
[goestl], Gaul. [Co-gestlos], [*geislo-], [*geistlo-]; O.H.G.
[gîsal], Ger. [geisel], Norse [gísl], Ag.S. [gîsel].
giamh
,
giomh
, a fault,
blemish:
gibeach
, hairy,
gibeag
, a
rag, bundle, Ir. [giobach], [giobóg], and [giob], tail, rag, O.Ir.
[gibhne], cirrus:
gibeach
, neat; for [sgibeach]? See
[sgiobalt].
gibein
, a piece of flesh (M`E.); from [gib]
of [giblion].
giblean
, April:
giblion
, entrails of a goose,
gibean
(St. Kilda), grease from the solan goose's
stomach:
gibneach
, cuttle-fish: [*gebbi-]; Ger.
[quappe], turbot?
gìdheadh
, nevertheless, Ir. [gidheadh]: for
an older [cid]+[ed] "though it (is)"; Lat. [quid id]. See [co] and
[eadh].
gigean
,
geigean
, master at
death revels (Carm.):
gigean
, a diminutive man, little mass; native
form of [ceig], q.v.
gighis
, a masquerade, so Ir.; from Sc.
[gyis], a mask, [gysar], a harlequin, one that disguises himself at
New Year, [gys], to disguise, M.Eng. [gîsen], dress, prepare, from
O.Fr. [(de)guiser], Eng. dis-[guise].
gilb
, a chisel: [*g&ldot;bi-]; cf. Gr.
gláfw
, carve. But cf. W. [gylyf], sickle, O.Cor.
[gilb], foratorium, allied to G. [guilbneach], q.v.
gille
, lad, servant, Ir. [giolla], E.Ir.
[gilla]; cf. Eng. [child], Ag.S. [cild]. Zimmer thinks it is
borrowed from the Norse [gildr], stout, brawny, of full worth, Eng.
[guild], Ag.S. [gild], payment (see [geall]), [gilda], fellow, used in
the names of Norsemen converted to Christianity instead of [maol],
slave. [gille-fo-luinn], sea-grass (Wh.).
gilm
, a buzzard:
gilmean
, a fop, flatterer; see [giolam].
gimleid
, a gimlet, Ir. [gimléad]; from the
English.
gin
, beget, Ir. [geinim], M.Ir. [genar], was
born, O.Ir. [ad-gainemmar], renascimur, [gein], birth, W. [geni],
nasci, Br. [ganet], born, [*genô], nascor; Lat. [gigno], [genui],
begat; Gr.
gígnomai
, become, [génos],
race; Eng. [kin]; Skr. [jána], race, stock, [jánâmi], beget. Hence
gin
, anyone.
gineal
, offspring, W. [genill]; Ir.
[ginealach], a generation, G.
ginealach
, M.Ir.
[genelach], genealogy, from Lat. [genealogia], root [gen] as in [gin].
gingein
, a cask, barrel, thick set person
(not H.S.D.):
giobag
,
gibeag
, fringe,
rag, Ir. [giobóg]. See [gibeach].
gioball
, vesture, cast clothes, Ir. [giobál];
see [gibeach].
gioball
, a chap, odd fellow; a bad fellow
(Perth); a metaphoric use of [gioball], above.
giodaman
, a perky fellow:
giodar
, dung, ordure (H.S.D. for C.S.), Ir.
[giodar] (do.), [geadan], buttock: [*geddo-], root [ghed], cacare; Gr.
hézw
, cacare,
hódanos
, the breech; Skr. [had], cacare, Zd.
[zadhañh], podex.
giodhran
, a barnacle (bird), Ir. [giodhrán],
O.Ir. [giugrann], W. [gwyrain]: [*gegurannâ]; root [geg] as in
[gèadh], q.v. Fick has compared Lat. [gingrum], goose. Also
giùran
. In Is. of Arran, [giúraing], a shell fish that
bores holes in wreckage.
gìog
, cringe; aslo "peep" (M`A.):
gìogan
, a thistle (Sh., O'R. [giogun]):
giolam
,
gileim
, tattle,
Ir. [giolmhaim], solicit: ++
giolc
, reed, Ir.
[giolcach], E.Ir. [gilcach]:
giolc
, stoop, aim at (M`A):
giolcair
, a flippant fellow:
giolcam-daobhram
, animalcule (H.S.D.):
giomach
, a lobster, Ir. [giomach],
[gliomach](?), W. [ceimwach]:
gìomanach
, a hunter; from the Eng. [game].
gionach
, greed, M.Ir. [ginach], craving; from
++
gin
, mouth, O.Ir [gin], W. [gên], gena, mentum,
Cor. [genau], os, Br. [quen], check: [*genu-]; Gr.
génus
, chin; Lat. [gena], cheek; Eng. [chin].
giorag
, panic, apprehension, noise, Ir.
[giorac], noise ([gíorac], Con.):
giort
, a girth, Ir. [giorta]; from the Eng.
gìosgan
, creaking gnashing, Ir. [gíosgán];
also Ir. [díoscán].
giseag
, a fret or bit of superstition, a
charm; see [geas].
gith
, a shower, series (H.S.D.); cf. E.Ir.
[gith], way of motion, Skr. [hi], set in motion, impel, [hiti],
impelling.
githeilis
, running to and fro on trifling
errands, trifling, E.Ir. [gith], way, motion. See above word.>>
githir
,
gìr
, corn-reapers'
wrist pain:
giùd
, a wile:
giugas
, refuse of fish left on shore:
giùig
, a drooping of the head, languor:
giùlan
, a carrying: [*gesu-lo-], root [qes],
carry, Lat. [gero], [gestum].
giulla
,
giullan
, a lad,
boy, Ir. [giolla], servant, footman. From the same source as [gille].
giullaich
, prepare, manage well; from
[giulla], the idea being "serving"; cf. Ir. [giolla] above, and Ir.
[giollas], service.
giùmsgal
, flattery:
giùram
, complaining, mournful noise (H.S.D.);
cf. I.E. [gevo-], cry, as in [guth], q.v.
giùran
, gills of a fish,
garbhan
: [*gober-], root of [gob]?
giùran
, barnacle goose; see [giodhran].
giuthas
, fir, Ir. [giumhas], E.Ir. [gius]:
[*gis-usto], root [gis]; Ger. [gien], resinous wood, [kien-baum],
Scotch fir, [kiefer] ([kien-föhre]), pine, Ag.S. [cén], fir-wood,
[*ki-n] (Schräder). Cf. root [gis] of [gaison], O.Ir. [gae]. Ag.S.
[gyr], abies.
glac
, take, seize, Ir., M.Ir. [glacaim],
[glaccad], grasping, E.Ir. [glace], hand, handful: [*glapko-](?),
Eng. clasp. See [glas].
glag
, noise of anything falling, noise,
horse-laugh, Ir. [glagaire], a babbler, [glagan], mill clapper:
[*glag-ko-]; Gr.
glazw
([*glagjô]),
sing, noise; Eng. [clack], M.Eng. [clacke], mill clack, Norse [klaka],
chatter bird-like; aslo Eng. [clap]. There is a degree of
onomato-poesy about these words. Cf. [clag].
glàib
, dirty water, puddle, Ir. [gláib]; cf.
[láib].
glaim
, complaint, howling, Ir. [gláim], M.Ir.
[gláimm]: [*glag-s-mâ-]; Ger. [klagen], weep (Strachan, Stokes).
glainne
,
glaine
, a glass,
Ir. [gloine], E.Ir. [gloine], [glaine], W. [glain], a gem, what is
pur; from [glan], clean.
glaiseach
, foam (M`A.),
glais-sheile
, water-brash, from obs. [glais], stream,
E.Ir. [glaiss], same root as [glas].
glaisleun
, lesser spear-wort (Sh.), Ir.
[glaisleun]; from [glas] and [leun] or [lèan], a swamp (Cameron).
glaistig
, water imp; from [glas], water. So
Carm. Manx [glashtyn], kelpie, etc.
glàm
, devour, Ir. [glámaim], devour, gobble,
[glámaire], glutton: [*glad-s-mo-]; Ch.Sl. [gladu], hunger. Sc.
[glam].
glamair
, a smith's vice; from the Norse
[klömbr], a smith's vice, Ger. [glemmem], pinch, jam.
glamhsa
, a snap as by a dog; for form,
compare Ir. [glamhsan], a murmur, which is an aspirated form of
[glaim], howling. The G. is similarly from [glàm], devour, with
possibly a leaning on the idea of noise as in [glaim]. H.S.D. has
glamhus
, open chops.
glomhas
, open
chasm (Wh.).
glan
, clean, pure, Ir., O.Ir. [glan], W.
[glain], Br. [glan], Gaul. river name [Glana]: [*glano-s], root [glê],
[gel], [gla], shine; Gr.
glc/nea
, shows,
glc/nc
, eyeball,
gele&iibre;n
, shine (Hes.), and
glainoí
, bright ornamentation (Hes.), from root
[glai], from which Eng. [clean] comes (thus: [glê], [gla]: [glêi],
[glai]).
glang
, a ringing noise; see [gliong].
glaodh
, a cry, call, Ir. [glaodh], M.Ir.
[gloed], a shout; cf. O.Ir. [adgládur], appello, Skr.
[hrā/date], sound, Gr.
gl&wibre;ssa
,
tongue (
*glwqia
?), Ir. and G. would then
be from an O.Ir. [*gláid], from [*glâdi-]. Hence
glaodhar
,
glaoran
, a noise, prating.
O.Ir. [gloidim], ringo.
glaodh
, glue, Ir. [glaodh], M.Ir. [glóed],
E.Ir. [gláed]; [*gloi-do-], from I.E. [gloi], [glei], be sticky; Gr.
gloiá
,
glía
,
glínc
, glue:
Lat. [gluten]; Ch.Sl. [glénu], mucus; Eng. [clay], Ger. [klei],
slime. W. [glud] and M.Br. [glut] are from the Lat.
glaodhan
, pith of wood; from [glaodh] the
idea being "resinous or gluey stuff".
glaomar
, a fooish person (Dial.): "noisy
one"; from [glaodh].
glaoran
, blossom of wood-sorrel: [*gloiro-],
"bright", root [glei] of [glé]?
glas
, a lock, Ir., O.Ir. [glas]: [*glapsâ];
Eng. [clasp].
glas
, grey, Ir. [glas], green, pale, E.Ir.
[glass], W., O.W., Br. [glas], green: [*glasto-], green; Ger. [glast],
sheen (Bez.), root [glas], to which Ger. [glass], Eng. [glass], are
probably allied.
glé
, very, Ir. [glé], very, pure, O.Ir.
[glé], bright, W. [gloew], bright, O.W. [gloiu], liquidum: [*gleivo-],
I.E. [&gcurly;hlei-], shine; Eng. [gleam], [glimmer], Ger. [glimmen];
Gr.
hlíw
,
hliarós
, warm (Kluge). Bez. refers it to the
root of Eng. [clean] (see [glan]).
gleac
, a wrestle, fight, Ir. E.Ir. [gleic]:
[*glekki-], [*gleg-ko-], I.E. [&gcurly;leghô], wager; Ag.S. [plegen],
Eng. [pledge], [play]; Skr. [glah], play at dice, cast in wappenshaw.
gleadh
, an onset, deed (H.S.D.); cf. Ir.
[gleó], g. [gliadh], tumult, E.Ir. [gliad], battle:
gleadh
, tricks (Sh., O'B. [gleádh], H.S.D.);
Ir. [gleadh] (O'R.); for [gleadh], [gleg], root of [gleac]?
gleadhraich
,
gleadhair
,
noise, rattling, clang of arms, Ir. [gleaghrach], shout, noise; cf.
Norse [gleðir], Christmas games, [gleðr], merriment, Eng. [glad]. Ir.
[gliadrach], loquacious. If E.Ir. [glechrach] means "noisy", the
stem is [glegar], which also appears ([Mart. Gorman], edited by
Stokes).
gleann
, a glen, so Ir., E.Ir. [glenn],
[glend], W. [glan], brink, shore, M.Br. [glenn], country, Br. [glann],
river bank: [*glennos] (a neuter
s
-stem). Stokes
compares M.H.G. [klinnen], Swiss [klänen], to climb, Norse [klunna],
cling to. Norse [gil]?
gléidh
, preserve, keep, Ir. [gléithim], keep,
clear up, cleanse, E.Ir. [gléim], make clear, put in order, lay by.
See [glé] for root, and also [gleus].
gleithir
, a gadfly (M`D., Sh., O'R.):
[*glegh-]; cf. Sc. [cleg], Norse [kleggi], gadfly.
gleò
, dazzling haziness about the eyes:
gleog
, a drooping, silly look; cf.
[sgleogair].
gleòid
, a sloven, Ir. [gleoid]. See
[sgleòid].
gleòisg
,
gleosg
, a vain,
silly woman, Ir. [gleosg]. See next word.>>
gleòman
, a silly, stupid fellow, Ir.
[gleodhmán]:
gleòrann
, cresses, wild angelica, Ir.
[gleórann], wild angelica; cf. E.Ir. [gleóir], sheen, M.Ir.
[gleordha], bright; root is likely that of [glé] ([*glivo-ro-]).
gleus
, order, trim, tune, Ir. [gleus], E.Ir.
[glés]; for root, see [glèidh] and [glé]. Strachan adduces E.Ir.
[glése], brightness, and takes it from [*glent-t-], allied to Ger.
[glanz], splendour, Eng. [glance]. Cf. W. [glwys], fair, pleasant.
Hence
gleusda
, diligent. ++
glib
, a lock of hair, Ir. [glib]: [*g&ldot;b-bi]; cf. Eng.
[clip]. Hence Eng. [glib].
glìb
, sleet
glibshleamhuinn
, slippery with sleet (Sh., who gives
glib
, slippery); from Sc. [glib], slippery, Eng.
[glib].
glic
, wise, Ir. [glic], O.Ir. [glicc]:
[*g&ldot;kki-]. Stokes compares Gr.
kalhaínw
, ponder, and takes from G. the Sc.
[gleg].
glidich
, move, stir:
glinn
, pretty, (Strathspey and Lochbroom
Dialects for
grinn
), Ir. [glinn], bright; Eng.
[glint], [gleam], [glance].
gliog
,
gliogar
, a
tinkling, clink, Ir. [gliogar]; Eng. [click], [clack]: an
onomatopoetic root.
gliogram
, a staggering; from [gliogar], the
idea being "noise-making"? Cf. Ir. [glingin], drunkenness. Also G.
gliogach
, clumsy, unstable.
gliomach
, slovenly, long-limbed fellow; cf.
Ir. [gliomach], a lobster.
gliong
, ringing noise, Ir. [glionc] (O'R.);
allied to, or from the Eng. [clink], Teut. [kling].
gliostair
, a clyster; from the Eng.
gliùchd
, a blubbering, crying:
gloc
, the clucking of a hen, noise, loud
note; Eng. [clock], [cluck], W. [clwc]; Lat. [glocire]; etc.
Onomatopoetic.
gloc
, swallow greedily,
glochdan
, a wide throat; from the Sc. [glock], gulp,
[glog], swallow hastily, E.Eng. [glucchen], [gulchen], swallow
greedily, Ger. [glucken], [gulken], [klucken].
glochar
, a wheezing, difficult respiration,
Ir. [glocharnach]; cf. Sc. [glag], [glagger], make a noise in the
throat as if choking, [glugger], to make a noise in the throat
swallowing. Allied to [gloc], etc.
gloc-nid
, a morning dram taken in bed; from
[gloc] and [nead].
glodhar
, ravine, chasm (Kintyre); in Lewis
names N. [gljúfr].
glog
, a soft lump,
glogair
, a stupid fellow: "unstable one"; from [glug],
[gluig].
glog
, a sudden, hazy calm, a dozing (M`A.):
glòic
, having hanging cheeks, as in hens:
gloichd
,
gloidhc
,
gloibhc
(Wh.), a senseless woman, an idiot; from the
Sc. [glaik].
gloin
,
gloine
, glass; see
[glain].
glòir
, glory, Ir., E.Ir. [glóir], Br.
[gloar]; from Lat. [gloria], whence, Eng. [glory].
glòir
, speech, Ir. [glór], E.Ir. [glórach],
noisy; same as [glòir], glory.
glòirionn
, spotted in the face (H.S.D.),
drab-coloured (M`A.):
glòmadh
,
glòmainn
, the
gloaming; from the Eng.
glomhar
, a muzzle, an instrument put into a
lamb or kid's mouth to prevent sucking, E.Ir. [glomar], bridgel; root
[glom], [glem]. Ger. [klemmen], jam, M.H.G. [klammer], tenaculum,
Lat. [glomus], a clew.
glomhas
, a rock, cleft, chink:
glong
, a slimy substance; root [&gcurly;len],
be slimy, Gr.
blénna
, slime snot, O.H.G.
[klenan], cleave. See [sglongaid].
glonn
, a deed of valour, Ir. [glonn], E.Ir.
[glond], a deed: [*gl-onno-], root of [gal]?
glonn
, loathing, qulm, Ir. [glonn], E.Ir.
[glonn], crime: "facinus"; extended use of the above word.>>
glothagach
, frog's spawn (Sh., O'R.):
gluais
, move, Ir., E.Ir. [gluaisim], O.Ir.
[gluas-]; [*gl-eusso-], from root [&gcurly;el], Lat. [volo-], fly, Gr.
gállw
? So Dr Cameron.
gluc
, socket of the eye:
glug
, noise of liquid in a vessel when moved,
Ir. [glug] (do.), [glugal], clucking of a hen; Eng. [cluck]. All are
onomatopoetic. See [gloc]. Also
glugach
,
stammering: "clucking". Cf. Sc. [glugger], to make a noise in the
throat by swallowing any liquid.
gluig
, addled (of an egg); from the above
word. Cf. W. [clwc], soft, addled (of an egg).
glumadh
, a great mouthful of liquid,
glumag
, a deep pool; allied to [glug] above.
glumraidh
, hungriness, devouring (as sea
waves) (Hend.):
glùn
, the knee, Ir., O.Ir. [glún], W., Br.
[glin]: [*glûnos]. Stokes compares Albanian [g/u] ([g/uri], [g/uni]),
knee. Possibly by dissimilation of the liquids for [*gnûnos], from
[*gnû], [*gneu], allied to Eng. [knee], Gr.
gnúx
, on the knee.
glupad
, dropsy in throat of cattle and sheep
(Carm.):
glut
, voracity,
glutair
, a
glutton, W. [glwth] (do.), Br. [glout] from Lat. [glutire], swallow,
Eng. [glutton]; M.Ir. [glota], belly.
gnàithseach
, arable land under crop (M`A.):
gnamhan
, periwinkle (Sh., O'B., H.S.D.), Ir.
[gnamhan]:
gnàth
, custom, usual, Ir. [gnáth], O.Ir.
[gnáth], solitus, W. [gnawd], custom: [*gnâto-], Lat. [(g)nôtus],
known; Gr.
gnwtós
(do.); Skr. [jnâta]
(do.); root [gnô], [gnâ], [gen], know, Eng. [know], etc.
gnè
, nature, kind, Ir. [gné], O.Ir. [gné],
gen. [gnée], pl. [gnéthi] (neuter
s
-stem):
[*gneses-]; root [gen], beget, Lat. [genus], Gr.
génesis
, genesis,
genos
, Eng. [kind].
gnìomh
, a deed, Ir. [gníomh], O.Ir. [gním]:
[*gnêmu-]; root [gnê], do, from [gen], beget, as in [gin]. Hence
dèan
,
nì
,
rinn
.
gnò
,
gnodh
, gruff (Arm.);
cf. Ir., E.Ir. [gnó], derision.
gnob
, a bunch, tumour: from the Eng. [knob].
gnog
, a knock; from Eng. [knock].
gnogach
, sulky (Sh., O'R., etc.),
gnoig
, a surly frown (H.S.D.); cf [gnù], [grùig].
gnoigean
, ball of rosin put on horns of
vicious cattle (Skye):
gnoimh
, visage, grin (Arm., M`D., M`A.),;
gnòimh
(Rob.); cf. [gnùis].
gnoin
, shake and scold a person (M`A.):
gnomh
, grunt of a pig (M`A.), for [gromh],
Ir. [grossachd]: an onomatopoetic word, allied to Lat. [grunnire],
grunt, Gr.
gr&uibre;
, swine's grunt, Eng.
[grunt], [grumph]. See [gnòsd].
gnòmhan
, groaning (of an animal), grunting; a
long-vowel form of [gnomh]?
gnos
, a snout (especially of a pig), Ir.
[gros], [grossach], having a large snout: [*grupso-]; Gr.
grúy
, a griffin, "hook-nosed",
grupós
, bent, Ger. [krumm].
gnòsd
,
gnòsad
,
gnùsd
, low noise of a cow, Ir. [gnúsachd]; [*grum-so];
see [gnomh], grunt, and [gnòmhan]. Aran Ir. [gnosacht], grunt of pig.
gnothach
, business, Ir. [gnòthuig] (pron.
[gnathuigh]), [gnó] (pl. [gnóthaidhe]): [*gnavo-], active, Lat.
[gnavus], active, Eng. [know]. See [gnìomh] and [gnàth], for root.
gnù
,
gnò
, surly,
parsimonious,
gnùgach
, surly. See [gnò] and
[grùig].
gnùis
, the face, countenance, Ir., O.Ir.
[gnúis], (fem.
i
-declension; [*gnûsti-]; root
[gen], know, Eng. [know], etc.
gò
, a lie, fault, Ir. [gó], lie, fraud, O.Ir.
[gó], [gáo], gáu], W. [gau], Br. [gau], [gaou]: [*gavo-]. Cf. Gr.
gausós
, crooked,
gausádas
, a liar (Ernault). Bezzenberger gives
several alternatives; Lit. [pri-gáuti], deceive, or Persian [zûr],
false, or Gr.
ha&uibre;nos
, spongy,
háos
, abyss.
gob
, a beak, bill, Ir. [gob], bill, mouth,
E.Ir. [gop-chóel], lean-jawed; [*gobbo], root [gobh], [gebh]; Gr.
[gamfclaí], [gamfaí], jaws; Ch.Sl. [za@?bu], tooth, [zobati], eat;
Skr. [jambhas], a tooth. Stokes compares it ([*gobh-nó-]) to Zend.
[zafan], mouth. The relationship to Eng. [gobbet], [gobble], Fr.
[gobet], O.Fr. [gober], devour, is not clear. But cf. also Eng.
[gab], [gabble], G. [gab].
gobha
,
gobhainn
, a smith,
Ir. [gobha], g. [gobhann], O.Ir. [goba], g. [gobann], O.W. [gob], W.
[gof], pl. [gofion], Cor. [gof], Br. [go], Gaul. [Gobann-]: [*gobân];
root [gobh], as in Gr.
gómfos
, a bolt,
Eng. [comb] (Windisch), for which see [gob]. Lat. [faber] may,
however, be allied, and the root then be [ghob]. [gobha-uisge], water
ousel; aslo [gobha-dubh].
gobhal
, a fork, Ir. [gabhal], fork, gable,
O.Ir. [gabul], W. [gafl], Br. [gaol]: [*gabulu-]; Eng. [gable], Ger.
[gabel], fork; Gr.
kefalc/
, head.
gobhar
, a goat, Ir. [gabhar], O.Ir. [gabor],
W. [gafr], Corn. [gauar], Br. [gabr], [gaffr], Gaul. [gabro-]:
[*gabro-]; root [gab] of [gabh], take, as Lat. [caper] is allied to
[capio], take (Loth)? Stokes gives the stem as [*gam-ro], root [gam]
of [geamhradh], winter, and [gamhuinn], I.E. [ghim]; but [im] of
[ghim] could not change to Gaul. [ab] in [gabro-].
goc
, a tap, cock; from the Eng. [cock].
gocaman
, an usher, attendant, sentinel, or
look-out man; Martin's ([Western Isles], p.103) [gockmin], [cockman];
from Scandinavian [gok-man], look-out man (Arms.; Mackinnon says it is
Danish). For root, cf. Ger. [gucken], peep. Norse [gauksman]; [gauk
maðr], cuckoo man. Norse [gaukr], cuckoo; Sc. [gawk].
gòdach
, giddy, coquettish (Sh., etc.); cf.
[gabhd]. [godadh nan ceann], tossing of one's head (Wh.).
godsag
, a titbit:
gog
, a nod, tossing of the head, Ir. [gog];
from Eng. [cock].
godadh
(Arg.).
gogaid
, a giddy female, Ir. [gogaide]; from
Eng., Fr. [coquette].
gogail
, cackling, noise of liquor issuing
from a cask, Ir. [gogallach]; Eng. [cackle]. The words are
onomatopoetic. Also
goglais
.
gogan
, a wooden milk-pail, also
cogan
; from Sc. [cogue], [cog], apparently allied to
M.Eng. [cog], ship, Norse [kuggi], a small ship, Teutonic [kuggon-],
ship.
goic
, a tossing of the head in disdain, a
scoff, Ir. [goic]; founded on the Eng. [cock], like [gog], q.v.
goid
, steal, Ir. [goidim], E.Ir. [gataim]:
[*gad-dô], root [gad], [&gcurly;had], [&gcurly;hed], seize; Gr.
handánw
,
&ecom;/hadon
, hold, contain; Lat. [prehendo], seize;
[praeda], booty, [hedra], ivy; Eng. [get]. Thur. has compared the
Lat. [hasta], spear, giving a stem [*ghazdho-].
goigean
, a bit of fat meat, cluster, thread
tangle or kink; cf. [gagan]: [*gaggo-]; cf. Gr.
gagglíon
, ganglion, a "knot", Eng. [kink].
goil
, boil, Ir. [gailim], seethe, boil:
[*gali-]; I.E. [&gcurly;el], well, Ger. [quellen], gush. See next.>>
goile
, a stomach, appetite, Ir. [goile],
[gaile], stomach, appetite, throat, M.Ir. [gaile]; also O.Ir. [gelim],
I consume; Lat. [gula], throat (Eng. [gullet]), [glutire], swallow
(Eng. [glutton]); Skr. [gilati], swallow; I.E. [&gcurly;el], allied
to root of [goil].
gòileag
, a haycock, cole; from the Sc.
[gole], Eng. [coll].
goileam
, tattle, chattering, also
gothlam
(
l
=[le]); see [gothlam].
goileam
, fire (kindling) (Carm.):
goill
, distorted face, angry face, grin,
blubber lipl cf. Ir. [gailleóg], a blow on the cheek, G. [gailleag].
Cf. for root Gr.
he&iibre;los
, lip,
*heslos
= Skr. [ghas], eat, swallow.
goillir
, a Lewis bird of the size of the
swallow, which comes to land in winter (Arms.):
goimh
, anguish, pain, Ir. [goimh]: [*gomi-],
root [gom], [gem], press, Lat. [gemo], groan, Ch.Sl. [z@?ima@?],
compress.
goin
,
gointe
; see [gon].
goir
, call, cry, crow, Ir. [goirim], E.Ir.
[gairim], O.Ir. [adgaur], convenio: [*garô], speak, I.E. [&gcurly;er],
cry; Gr.
géranos
, crane,
deiri&aibre;n
, abuse; Skr. [járate], cry, crackle;
further Lat. [garrio], chatter ([*gars-]); Eng. [garrulous], Lit.
[garsas], noise; also root [gâr], as in Gaelic [gàir], Gr.
g&cibre;rus
, voice, etc.
goireas
, convenience, apparatus; from [gar],
near, and [goirid].
goirid
, short, Ir. [gairid], O.Ir. [garit].
For root, see [geàrr] (Skr. [hrasva], short, etc.), from which comes
the comparative
giorra
. Also [gar], near, q.v.
goirt
, sore, sour, Ir. [goirt], sore, salt,
E.Ir. [goirt], bitter: [*gorti-], I.E. [gher], be rough, as in
[garbh].
goirtean
, a little field of corn, croft, Ir.
[goirtín], [gort], garden, corn-field, O.Ir. [gort], seges, W.
[garth], enclosure, Br. [garz] (do.): [*gorto-]; Lat. [hortus]; Gr.
hórtos
, straw-yard; Eng. [garden],
[garth], etc.
goisear
(pl.
-an
),
guisers, waits, singers about Christmas, etc. (Carm.):
gòisinn
,
gòisne
, a snare,
Ir. [gaisde], O.Ir. [goiste], suspendium. Cf. [gaoisid].
gaoisridh
, company, people; see [gasraidh].
goisdidh
, gossip, godfather, M.Ir.
[goistibe], godfather; from M.Eng. [godsibhe], now [gossip].
golag
, a gudget: [*gulo-]; Gr.
gúlios
, wallet, O.H.G. [kiulla].
gòlanach
, two-headed (H.S.D.): "forked", from
[gobhlan]?
gomag
, a nip, pinch (M`L.,
gòmag
), [gàmag], large bite (Skye):
gon
, wound, bewitch, Ir. [gonadh], wounding,
E.Ir. [gonim]: [*gonô], I wound, I.E. [&gcurly;hen]; Gr.
fónos
, slaughter,
qeínw
, hit; Norse, [gunnr], battle, O.H.G.
[gundea] (do.); Skr. [han], strike, slay.
gonan
, grass roots; cf. [cona].
gòrach
, silly, Ir. [gorach]; Gr.
ga&uibre;ros
, exulting, skittish, haughty; root
gau
, be free, Lat. [gaudium], Eng.
[joy].
gorm
, blue, green, Ir., E.Ir. [gorm], blue,
W. [gwrm], dusky: [gorsmo-], root [gor], warm ("warm colour"), as in
G. [gar] (Stokes).
gòrsaid
, a cuirass, gorget; from Eng.
[gorget]. ++
gort
, a field, standing corn, Ir.
[gort]; see [gart], [goirtean].
gort
,
goirt
, famine, Ir.
[gorta], O.Ir. [gorte]; I.E. [gher], desire, want; Gr.
hréos
, necessity,
hrcï/zw
, wish; Eng. [yearn].
goth
, toss the head contemptuously or giddily
(M`A.);
gòth
, airy gait (Arm.,
gothadh
, Sh., O'R): possibly from Eng. [go]. Cf. W.
[goth], pride.
gothlam
, prating noise, M.Ir. [gothach],
noisy; from [guth].
grab
, interrupt,
grabadh
,
hindrance, Ir. [grabadh]; apparently from Eng. [grab]. Cf. W. [crap],
prehensio, Romance [graffo].
grabh
, abhorrence:
grabh
,
grabhail
, engrave,
Ir. [grabháil]; from Eng. [grave], engrave.
gràchdan
, querulous noise of hens, Ir.
[gràgoill], clucking of a hen, crow's crowing. See [gràg].
grad
, sudden, Ir. [grad], [grod]: [*groddo-],
root [grod], [gred], as in [greas], q.v.
gràda
, ugly; usual form of [grànda], q.v.
gradan
, snuff, corn kilned by burning its
straw, the meal derived from the foresaid corn, Ir. [gradán]. Cf.
[greadan].
gràdh
, love, Ir. [grádh], E.Ir. [grád]:
[*grâdo-], [*grâ-dho-], root [&gcurly;râ]; Lat. [grātus], Eng.
[grateful]; Skr. [gûrdháya], praise; Gr.
géras
, honour.
gràdran
, compaining noise of hens;
onomatopoetic. See [grág].
gràg
, croaking of crows, Ir. [grág]; Eng.
[croak], [crake]. Onomatopoetic words. Cf. I.E. [&gcurly;ráq], Lat.
[graculus], [gracillare], hen's cry, M.H.G. [kragelen], crackle.
gragair
, glutton (Sh., O'B., etc.), Ir.
[gragaire] (O'B.), [grágaire] (Con.):
graigh
, stud, flock of horses; see [greigh].
gràin
, abhorrence, disgust, Ir. [gráin],
E.Ir. [gráin], W. [graen], grief, rough: [*gragni-] (Strachan,
Stokes). Ch.Sl. [groga], horrible.
gràineag
, a hedgehog, Ir. [gráineóg]: the
"horrent one"; from [gráin], above.
graing
, disdain, a frown, Ir. [grainc]. Cf.
[sgraing].
gràinne
, a grain, small quantity, Ir.
[gráinne], O.Ir. [gráinne], granulum, [grán], granum, W. [grawn], Cor.
[gronen], Br. [greun], (pl.): [*grâno-]; Lat. [grânum] ([*g&rdotmacr;no-]);
Eng. [corn] (Stokes). Some hold that the Celtic is borrowed from the
Latin.
grainnseach
, a grange, Ir. [gráinseach]; from
the Eng.
grainnseag
, a cracknel (M`F.), bear berry
(H.S.D. for N.H.):
gràis
, prosperity, blessing (N.H.); from
[gràs].
gràisg
, a rabble, Ir. [gráisg], [gramhaisg],
[gramaisg]:
gramaich
, hold, keep fast, ir. [gramuighim];
see [greim].
gramur
, refuse of grain (H.S.D.):
gràn
, kiln-dried grain, Ir. [grán], corn,
O.Ir. [grán]; see [gràinne].
grànda
,
gràda
, ugly, Ir.
[granda], [granna], E.Ir. [gránde], [gránna], teter, dirus; from
[gràin], q.v.
gràpa
, a graip, dung fork, Ir. [grápa]; from
Sc. [graip].
gràs
, grace, Ir., M.Ir. [grás], W. [gras];
from Lat. [gratia].
grath
, terror (Dial., H.S.D.):
grathuinn
, a while; for [*tràthain], from
[tràth], influenced by [greis]?
gread
, wound, whip, burn, Ir. [greadaim]; cf.
W. [greidio], scorch: [*greddo-]; root [ghredh]; cf. Eng. [grind],
Lat. [frendo], [*ghrendho] (St.). Cf. also Eng. [grist], Lat.
[hordeum]. Swedish [grädda], bake, may be compared.
greadan
, a considerable time with all one's
might at anything (M`A.); from [gread].
greadan
, parched corn; from [gread]. Cf.
[gradan]. Ir. [greadóg] means "griddle". Eng. [griddle], W.
[greidell], are allied. Cf. [grist], [hordeum],
kriqc/
.
greadhan
,
greadhuinn
, a
convivial party, happy band. Ir. [greadhanach], drolling, G.
greadhnach
, joyful; root [gred], go, as in [greas],
q.v.? M.Ir. [greadan], exulting shouts. Root
har
?
grealach
,
greallach
,
entrails: [*gre-lach], root [g&rdot;], I.E. [gh&rdot;], gut; Gr.
hordc/
, gut, Eng. [cord]; Lat. [haru-spex],
diviner, "entrails-inspector", [hernia], rupture. Shaw has
[greathlach]. Hence
greallach
, dirty, Ir.
[greallach], clay, dirty. Cf. Eng. [gore].
greallag
, a swingle-tree:
greann
, hair, bristling of hair, surly look,
also "cloth", "rough piled clothing", Ir. [greann], beard, fair hair,
E.Ir. [grend], beard, W., Br. [grann], eyelid, cilium: [*grendâ]; Ger.
[granne], beard of corn or cat, Norse [grön], moustache, Span.
[greña], tangled hair, Prov.Fr. [gren], O.Fr. [grenon], beard of cheek
and lip; Albanian [kra@?nde].
greanndag
, rag,
tatter. Hence
greannar
.
greas
, hasten, urge, Ir. [greasuighim], M.Ir.
[gressim]: [*gred-to-]; I.E. [&gcurly;hredh], step out, go; Lat.
[gradior], gradus], step; Got. [grids], a step; Ch.Sl. [gre@?da@?],
stride, come; Skr. [g&rdot;dhyati], step out. The E.Ir. [grísaim], I
incite, is a different word, coming from [grís], fire.
greidil
, a gridiron, Ir. [greidil],
[greideal], M.Ir. [in t-slissin gretli], Sean. Mor. [gretel], W.
[greidel], [gradell], O.W. [gratell]; from Late Lat. [graticula], from
[cratis], wicker-work, Eng. [crate], [grate], [grill], [hurdle]. Eng.
[griddle], M.Eng. [gredel], are the same as the Celtic words. Skeat
has suggested [gread] above as the orogin of the Celtic forms; cf. Ir.
[greadóg], a griddle. Hence
greidlean
, an
instrument for turning the bannocks on the griddle.
gréidh
, prepare, dress, Ir. [gréasaim]; see
[gréis]. [gréidhear], [gré'ar], grieve (N.Gael.).
greigh
, a stud of horses, Ir., M.Ir.
[groigh], E.Ir. [graig], W. [gre]: [*gragi-]; Lat. [grex], flock; Gr.
[gargara], heaps; O.H.G. [quarter], herd.
greim
, a hold, a morsel, so Ir., O.Ir.
[greim], [greimm], a hold, strength, W. [grym], force, strength:
[*gredsmen-]; root [gher], hold, Gr.
héir
, hand, Skr. [gáras], grip. Stokes separates
[greim], morsel, from [greim], hold, strength. [greim], morsel, he
refers to [*gresmen], a bite, Skr. [grásati], devour, Gr.
gráw
, eat, Norse [krás], a dainty.
greis
, prowess, onset, slaughter, a champion,
E.Ir. [gress], [gréss], attack; from the root of [greas] above
(Stokes).
greis
, a shile, Ir. [do ghréas], always,
O.Ir. [do grés], do [gress], semper, M.Ir. [do-gres]: [*grend-to-],
going on, root [grend], [gred], I.E. [ghredh] as in [greas]. Strachan
gives [*grencs-], and compares Norse [kringr], round, Ger. [kring].
See
treis
.
gréis
,
greus
, embroidery,
needle-work, Ir. [obair-ghréis], from [gréas], E.Ir. [gréss], any work
of art or trade; see [greusaich].
greód
, a crowd (Arg.); from Eng. [crowd].
greòs
, expansion of the thighs,
greòsgach
, grinning (H.S.D.): [*grencs-]; Norse
[gringr], round, Ger. [kring].
greusaich
,
griasaich
,
shoemaker, any worker in embroidery or gurniture, Ir. [gréasaidhe],
shoemaker: [*greid-to-]; Gadelic [greid], dress, broider, I.E.
[&gcurly;hrei], rub; Gr.
hroiá
,
hr&wibre;ma
, hide, skin, colour,
hríw
, anoint (Christus).
grian
, sun, Ir., O.Ir. [grían]: [*greinâ],
[&gcurly;hr-einâ], root [&gcurly;her], warm, as in [gar]. Cf. Skr.
[gh&rdot;&ndot;is], sunshine, [ghramsa], heat; W. [greian], what gives
heat, sun. See further under [grìos]. Hence
grianan
, sunny place, summer house, [solarium] of Lat.,
from [sol], sun.
griasaich
, a species of aculeated fish:
"cobbler" fish; from [griasaich], shoemaker.
grìd
, substance, quality; from Sc. [grit],
grain of stones, grit, grain, Eng. [grit]. Hence
grìdeil
, industrious (M`A.).
grigirean
, the constellation of Charles'
wain,
grigleachan
, a constellation; see
[grioglachan].
grìleag
, a grain of salt, any small matter:
[*gris-il-], root [greis], gravel, as in [grinneal].
grìmeach
, grim, surly; from Eng. [grim],
Norse [grimmr].
grìmeil
, warlike (H.S.D.), Ir. [grimeamhuil]
(Lh., O'B.), [grim], war; from the Norse [grimmr], fierce, wroth?
grinn
, pretty, Ir. [grinn], E.Ir. [grind]:
[*g&rdot;nni-], "bright"; root [&gcurly;her], as in [grian], [grìos].
Cf. [glinn].
grinneal
, bottom of the sea, gravel, Ir.
[grinnioll], channel, bed of a river, sand of the sea, sea bottom,
M.Ir. [grinnell]: [*gris-ni-], root, [greis], [gris], gravel, E.Ir.
[grían], gravel ([*greisano-]), W. [graian], gravel, [greienyn] a
grain of gravel. Rhys (Hib.Lect., 571) refers these words to the root
of [grian], sun, the particle of gravel being supposed to be "a
shining thing". This view is supported by
grioglachan
and
griogag
, q.v.
griob
, nibble (Heb.); from Sc. [gnip], gnaw,
eat, Eng. [nip], [nibble].
griobh
, a pimple (M`A.):
griobhag
, hurry:
grìoch
, a decaying or lean young deer,
grìochan
, consumption (Dial., H.S.D.):
griogag
,
grìogag
(Glen-Urquhart), a pebble, bead: [*grizgu-], root [gris], [greis],
gravel, as in [grinneal].
grioglach
, Pleiades,
grigleachan
, a constellation, Ir. [griogchán],
constellation. For root, see [griogag].
griomacach
, thin-haired,
griomagach
, shrivelled grass (H.S.D.):
grioman
, a certain species of lichen, malt
bud (H.S.D.):
grìos
, entreat, pray, Ir. [gríosaim],
encourage, incite, rake up a fire; from earlier [gríos], heat, which
see in [grìosach].
grìosach
, burning embers, Ir. [gríosach],
coals of fire, burning embers, M.Ir. [gríssach], E.Ir. [grís], fire,
embers, Br. [groez], heat: [*grens], [*g&rdot;ns], heat; Skr. [ghramsa],
sun, heat, sunshine; root [&gcurly;her] of [gar], q.v. Hence
grìs
, inflammation; Ir. [grís], pimple.
grìs
, horror; from Sc. [grise], to shudder,
M.Eng. [grīs], horror, [grīseful], [grīse],
horrible, Eng. [grisly].
grìsionn
, grindled,
grìs-ghion
, "gray-white",
grìs
(Sh.
[gris]), gray; from M.Eng. [grīs], gray fur.
griùrach
, the measles,
griuthach
(do.),
grìobhach
(M`A.),
griùragan
, indefinitely small particle, pustules on
the skin; root [&gcurly;hru], as in [grothlach]; [grúlach] (Skye) =
[griobhlach].
gròb
, join by indentation, serrate; cf.
M.Eng. [grōpin], to groove, also [groupe] and [grave]. A
borrowed G. word.
gróbag
, a poor shrivelled woman; from [gròb].
groban
, top or point of a rock, hillock:
gròban
, mugwort (N.G.):
gròc
, croak, frown on; from Eng. [croak].
grod
, rotten, E.Ir. [grot], [gruiten], stale
butter, small curds in whey; a metathesis of [goirt]?
groganach
, wrinkled (as heather), Ir. [grug],
a wrinkle; cf. [grùig].
gròig
, awkwardness, perverseness,
gròigean
, awkward man; see [grùig].
gròiseid
, a gooseberry; from the Sc.
[groset], from O.Gr. [*grose], [grosele], goose-berry, whence Eng.
[gooseberry] for [grooseberry].
gròmhan
, a groaning, growling; the same as
[gnòmhan].
gros
, snout; correct spelling of [gnos], q.v.
gròta
, a groat; from the Eng.
grothlach
, a gravel pit, abounding in gravel
(O'B., Sh., etc.), Ir. [grothlach], W. [gro], pebbles, Cor. [grow],
gravel, Br. [grouan]. From these come Eng. [gravel], O.Gr. [gravele].
Cf. Norse [grjot], stones, Ag.S. [greót], Eng. [grit], root [grut],
Lit. [grústi], pound, bray, Gr.
hrusós
,
gold (=
hrud-sós
).
grotonach
, corpulent (O'B., Sh., etc.), so
Ir.: "heavy-breeched" (Arms.) - [*grod-tónach].
gruag
, hair of the head, a wig, Ir. [grúag]:
[*grunkâ], root [&gcurly;ru], Eng. [crumple]? Hence
gruagach
, a maiden, brownie.
gruaidh
, cheek, brow, Ir. [gruaidh], cheek,
E.Ir. [gruad], W. [grudd], Cor. [grud], maxilla: [*groudos]. Bez.
suggests the root [ghrud], [ghreud], as in [grothlach], above, the
idea being "pounding, mashing" (Lit. [grústi], bray, pound), and the
original force "jaw": cf. Lat. [maxilla] and [macero], macerate.
Stokes queries if it is from the root of Eng. [great]. Eng. [proud]?
gruaigean
, a species of sea-weed (H.S.D. for
Heb.), birses (M`A.); "little hairy one" (Carm.), from [gruag].
[miorcan] in Lewis.
gruaim
, gloom, surly look, Ir. [gruaim]:
[*grousemen-]; root [&gcurly;reul], [&gcurly;rût], Lat. [brûtus],
dull, Eng. [brute], Lettic, [grúts], heavy, Stokes cfs. only Ch.Sl.
[sŭ-grustiti se@?] grieve over.
grùdair
, a brewer, Ir. [grúdaire], [grúid],
malt: [*grûddi-]; Ag.S. [grút], coarse meal, Ger. [grütze], groats,
Dan. [gröd]; Lit [grúdas], corn. Eng. [grit], [groats] are allied.
Hence
grùid
, lees.
grùig
, a drooping attitude, churlishness,
churlish, Ir. [grúg], a grudge, anger, [gruig], churlishness (O'B.),
[gruc], sulky (O'Cl.); cf. Eng. [grudge], M.Eng. [grucchen], O.Fr.
[grouchier], [groucier]. Also
grùgach
, wrinkled.
gruilleamach
, prancing, leaping suddenly
(H.S.D.):
grunnaich
, sound, fathom; see [grunnd].
grunn
,
grunnan
, a handful,
lot, crowd (Dial.
grainnean
), O.Ir. [grinne],
fascis, fasciculum, Br. [gronn], a heap: [*grendio-], [*grondo-]; Gr.
grónqos
, closed fist, Skr. [grantha],
bind, etc. (Stokes for O.Ir.). Cf. for root [bréid].
grunnasg
, groundsel; formed on the Eng.
grunnd
, bottom, ground, thrift; from Sc.
[grund], bottom or channel in water, Norse [grunnr], bottom of sea or
river, Eng. [ground]. Hence
grunndail
, steadfast,
solid, sensible.
grùnsgul
, a grunting; from [*grunn], grunt,
Lat. [grunnire], Eng. [grunt].
gruth
, curds, Ir., M.Ir. [gruth]: [*grutu-];
Eng. [curds], M.Eng. [crud], Sc. [crowdie], [croods]; Gr.
grúsei
, will melt, [grútc] (
u
long), frippery; I.E. [&gcurly;ru], Eng. [crumb],
Ger. [krauen], Gr.
gr&uibre;
, morsel. Hence
gruitheam
, curds and butter: [gruth]+[ìm].
grùthan
,
grùan
, liver, Ir.
[aeu. grúan] (Lh. [Comp.Voc.] sub "jecur"): [*grûso-]: root [ghru],
gritty, of [grothlach].
gu
, to, ad, Ir. [go], [gu], O.Ir. [co], [cu],
W. [bw] in [bwy gilydd], to its fellow: [*qos]; Ch.Sl. [kŭ],
to; cf. Lat. [usque] for [*quos-que]? (Bez.). Used adverbially in
[gu math], [gu h-olc]. Cf. Gr. [kas], [kai], Skr. [-ças].
guag
, a giddy, whimsical fellow, Ir. [gúag],
[guaigín], folly, silly one; from M.Eng. [gowke], [gōki], a
fool, Sc. [gowk], Eng. [gawky].
guag
, a splay-foot; see [cuag].
guaigean
, thick, little and round:
[*goug-go-], root [&gcurly;u], bend.
guailisg
, false, falsity (Carm.):
guaillean
, a coal of fire; see [gual]. Cf.
[caoirean], a peat, cinder, ember.
guaillich
, go hand in hand: "shoulder to
shoulder"; see [guala].
guaimeas
, quietness; see [guamach].
guaineas
, briskness, liveliness; see
[guanach].
guairdean
, vertigo; cf. Ir. [gúairdeán],
whirlwind; from [cuairt]?
guairsgeach
, curled, crinitus, Ir. [gúaire],
hair of the head; from I.E. [&gcurly;u], bend, as in [guala].
guait
, leave ("Gabh no guait e" -- Take or
leave it); from Eng. [quit]? [g-uait]?
gual
, coal, Ir. [gual]: [*goulo-], [*geulo-];
root [geul], [gul]; Teutonic [*kola-], Norse [kol], coals, Ger.
[kohle], Eng. [coal]. W. [glo], Br. [glaou], [*glôvo-] (Stokes), is
allied to the Eng. [glow].
guala
,
gualann
, shoulder,
Ir. [guala], g. [gualann], E.Ir. [gualu], g. [*gualand]: [*goulôn],
root [&gcurly;eu], [&gcurly;u], [gu], bend; Gr.
gu&iibre;on
, limb,
gúalon
, a hollow,
gúcs
, ploughtree (Lat. [bura]); Old Bactrian =
Zend, [gāo], hand. Strachan and Stokes give the root [gub],
bend, stem [*gublôn-], I.E. [gheubh], bend, Gr.
kufós
(
u
long), bent,
stooping; Lettic [gubt], stoop.
guamach
, neat, snug, smirking; also
"plentiful" (Sh., O'R.), careful, managing (Arran):
guanach
, light, giddy, Ir. [guanach],
[guamnach], M.Ir. [guamnacha], active (O'Cl.); root [guam] of
[guamach] above.
gucag
, a bubble, bell, globule, bud:
[*gukko-], Ger. [kugel], ball.
gùda
, a gudgeon, Ir. [guda]; formed on Eng.
[gudgeon], M.Eng. [gojon].
gudaleum
,
gudarleum
, a
bound, wild leap (Arg.):
guga
, the solan goose, a fat, silly fellow,
Ir. [guga]. See the next word for root.>>
gugail
, clucking of poultry, Ir. [gugailim]:
an onomatopoetic word. Cf. Eng. [chuck]. See also [gogail].
gugairneach
, a fledgling:
guidh
, pray,
guidhe
, a
prayer, wish, Ir. [guidhim], [guidhe], O.Ir. [guidiu], [gude],
[guide]: [*godio-], root [ged], [god], I.E. [&gcurly;hedh], ask; Gr.
póqew
, desire,
qéssasqai
, pray for; Got. [bidjan], ask, Ag.S.
[giddan], Eng. [bid].
guil
, weep, Ir., E.Ir. [guilim]; see [gal].
guilbneach
, the curlew: "beaked one", E.Ir.
[gulbnech], beaked, O.Ir. [gulban], beak, O.W. [gilbin], acumine, W.
[gylf], bill, beak, [gylfant], Cor. [gilb], foratorium, [geluin],
rostrum: [*gulbano-]; Ger. [kolben], piston, knob, gun-stock. Bez.
compares only N.Slovenic [golbati], gnaw. Cf. Lit. [gulbe@?], swan.
guileag
, the swan's note, warbling (Sh. has
guillag
, chattering of birds, O'R. [guilleog]);
root [gal], cry, call, Lat. [gallus], cock, Eng. [call]?
guileagan
, custom of boiling eggs outside on
Easter Sunday = [latha guileagan] (M`D.):
guim
,
cuim
, conspiracy
(Carm.):
guin
, a wound, O.Ir. [guin]: [*goni-]; see
[gon].
guir
, hatch, lie on eggs,
gur
, hatching, Ir. [gur], W. [gori], to brood; from the
root [gor], [gar], warm. See [gar].
guirean
, a pimple,
gur
, a
festering, Ir., M.Ir. [guirín], pustule, E.Ir. [gur], pus, W. [gôr],
pus, [goryn], pustula: [*goru-], fester, "heat"; root [gor], [gar],
warm, as in [gar].
guisead
, a gusset; from the Eng.
guit
, a corn-fan, unperforated sieve:
[gottiá]:
gulm
, a gloom, forbidding look; from the
Eng.?
gulmag
, sea-lark (H.S.D.):
gun
, without, Ir. [gan], O.Ir. [cen]; Gr.
keneós
, empty; root [keno-]. So O.H.G.
[hina], [hinweg], Ag.S. [hin-].
gu'n
,
gu'm
, that, Gr.
&obcom;/ti
, Ir. [go], O.Ir. [co], [con].
Windisch considers this the prep. [con], with, and [co], to; Zim. and
Thur. regard it as from [co], to (see [gu]). The latter explains the
n
as the relative: [*co-sn], a view supported by
the verbal accent being on the first syllable and by the occasional
form [conn](?) See [cha'n].
gùn
, gown, Ir. [gúna]; from the eng. [gown],
from W. [gwn] ([*gwun]), from Celtic [*vo-ouno-], root in Lat.
[ex-uo], doff, [ind-uo], don, Lit. [aunù], put on shoes, [áuti].
gunna
, a gun, Ir., M.Ir. [gunna]; from M.Eng.
[gunne], Eng. [gun].
gur
, that, Ir. [gur]: [*co-ro]; see [gu'n]
for [co]. Uses are: [Gur cruaidh e] = O.Ir. [corrop cruaid é];
[corrop] is now Ir. [gurab], that is [co-ro-ba] ([ba], verb "to be").
[gur] = [gun ro], [con ro-] (St.).
guraiceach
, a blockhead (Sh., H.S.D.):
guraiceach
, unfeathered bird, lump (Arg.),
from [gur].
gurpan
, crupper; from Sc. [curpon], Eng.,
O.Fr. [croupon].
gurracag
, a blot (Arg.):
gurrach
,
gurraban
,
crouching, crouching on the hunkers: [*gurtha-] from [gur], brooding
as in [guir]? Cf. Sc. [curr], to "hunker", [currie], a stool, Eng.
[cower]. The Perthshire
curraidh
, hunkering, is
from Scotch.
gurrach
, fledgling,
gurach
(Arg.):
gurt
, fierceness, sternness of look; also
[gart], q.v.
gus
, to, Ir. [gus], O.Ir. [cossin], to the,
to which; prep. [gu], [co], and the article or relative. The
s
of the article is preserved after the consonant of
[co] (= [qos]).
gus
, anything (Arg.):
gusair
, sharp, keen, strong, Ir. [gusmhar],
strong; from [gus], force, smartness: [*gustu-], "choice", root [gu],
Eng. [chose].
gusgan
, a hearty draught:
gusgul
, refuse, dirt, idle words, roaring:
guth
, voice, Ir., O.Ir. [guth]: [*gustu-];
I.E. [gu]; Gr.
góos
, groan; Skr. [hu],
call, cry, [havat@-], calls; Ch.Sl. [zova@?], to call. This is
different from I.E. [&gcurly;u], Gr.
boc/
, shout, Lat. [bovare], cry (Prellwitz,
Osthoff).
i
, she, Ir. [í], [sí], O.Ir. [í], [hí], [sí],
W., Br. [hi]: [*sî]; Got. [si], ea, Ger. [sie], they; Skr.
[syā/]: I.E. [sjo-], [shā-] (Brug.). See [sa], [so],
[sin].
iach
, a yell, cry, Ir. [íachdadh], O.Ir.
[iachtaim]: [*eicto-], [*eig-to-], from [eia] of [éigh]. ++
iach
, a salmon, E.Ir. [có], g. [iach], W., Br. [eog],
W. [ehawc], Cor. [ehog]: [*esax]; Lat. [esox]: Basque [izokin]
(borrowed from Celtic).
iad
, they, Ir. [iad], E.Ir. [iat], O.Ir. only
in [olseat-som], say they, W. [hwynt]: confusion of roots [ei] [sjo]
with the 3rd plur. in [nt]. Of E.Ir. [iat], [siat], Brugmann says:-
"These have the ending of the 3rd plur. of the verb;; later on [iat],
[siat] were detached, and began an independent existence". Stokes
similarly says they are [se] and [hwy] with the [nt] of the verbal 3rd
pl. added.
iadach
, jealousy, Ir. [éad]; see [eud].
iadh
, encompass, Ir. [iadhaim], join, shut,
surround, E.Ir. [iadaim]: [*eidâô], [*ei-dho-], root [ei], go? Stokes
analyses it into [*ei-] [dâmô], for [epi-dâmô], Skr.
[api-dā/nā], a lock: for [epi], see Gr.
&ecom;pí
under [iar]; and [dâmô] is from [dhô],
[dhê], place, Gr.
tíqcmi
, Lat. [facio].
It has also been correlated to Gr.
piézomai
, press, Skr. [pîdayti], press
([*pisdā]), from [pise], stamp, press, Lat. [pistor], etc.
ial
, moment, season, gleam of sunshine; a
poetic word, seemingly a metaphoric use of [iall]. Galway Ir. [iall],
moment, [iall deireannach dá shaoghal].
iall
, a thong, Ir. [iall], E.Ir. [íall]:
[*peisla]; cf. [pileus], felt, etc. ++
iall
, a
flock of birds, Ir. [iall], a flock of birds, E.Ir. [iall], grex;
[*eisla], Gr.
&icom;/lc
, Hence [eallach]
(St.). Cf Ir. [éilín sicini], brood or clutch of chickens.
DMK Gr. above used to be @Gr. - assumed to be a mistake.
iallach
, jaunty, lithe; cf [uallach].
ialtag
, a bat, Ir. [ialtóg], E.Ir. [iathlu]
(iatly, O'Cl.), W. [ystlum]: [*isatal-] (Ascoli). Dial.
dealtag anmoch
; Lat. [vesper-tilio].
ian
, a bird; see [eun].
iar
, after, Ir. [iar], O.Ir. [iar n-], post:
[*e(p)eron; Skr. [aparam], afterwards; Got. [afar], post; further Gr.
&ocom;/piqen
, behind,
&ecom;pí
, to, on, Skr. [ápi], Lit. [ape@?], to, on,
Lat. [op]. See [air(c)].
iar
,
an iar
,
siar
, west, Ir. [iar], [siar], O.Ir. [íar], occidens,
[aníar]: a special use of the prep. [iar] above. See [ear] for force.
iarbhail
, anger, ferocity; from [air] and
[boile]?
iarbhail
, a consequence, remains of a
disease:
iargainn
, pain, Ir. [iargan], groans of a
dying man (O'B.); from [air] and [gon].
iargail
, the west, evening twilight, Ir.
[iargúl], remote district, [iargcúl] (Con.); from [iar] and [cúl],
back: "begind", west.
iargalta
, churlish,
inhospitable, surly, turbulent (M`A.), Ir. [iarcúlta], churlish,
backward.
iargall
, battle, contest, so Ir., O.Ir.
[irgal]: [air]+[gal], the [air] being [air(a)]. See [gal].
iarghuil
, sound, noise; see [uirghioll].
iarla
, an earl, Ir. [iarla], M.Ir. [íarla];
from Norse [jarl], Eng. [earl]. W. has [iarll].
iarmad
, offspring, remnant, Ir. [iarmat],
offspring (O'B.), [iarmart], consequences of anything, [iarmhar],
remnant; root [mar], remain. See [mar].
iarmailt
, the firmament, for [*fiarmaint],
Ir. [fiormaimeint], M.Ir. [firmeint], E.Ir. [firmimenti (g.); from
Lat. [firmamentum]. Cf. [Tormailt], Norman.
iarna
, a hank of yarn, Ir. [íarna], a chain
or hank of yarn; from Eng. [yarn].
iarnaich
, smooth with an iron; from [iarunn].
iarogha
, great grandson, O.Ir. [iarmui],
abnepotes; from [air] and [ogha]: "post-nepos".
iarr
, ask, Ir., E.Ir. [iarraim], I seek, ask,
[iarrair], a seeking, [iarair]: [*iarn-ari-], "after-go", root
[(p)ar], [per], go, seek, bring, through, Gr.
pe&iibre;ra
, experience, Lat. [ex-perior], try, Eng.
[experience], etc. (Stokes). See [aire] further for root.
iarunn
, iron, Ir. [iarann], M.Ir. [iarund],
O.Ir. [iarn], W. [haiarn], [hearn], Corn. [hoern], O.Br. [hoiarn], Br.
[houarn], Gaul. [isarnodori], ferrei ostii: [*eisarno-]; Got.
[eisarn], O.H.G. [isarn], Ger. [eisen], Eng. [iron] (all borrowed
from Celtic according to Brugmann, Stokes, etc.). Shräder regards the
[eis] or [îs] of [eisarno-] as only a different vowel-scale form of
I.E. [ayos], [ayes-], metal, whence Lat. [aes], Eng. [ore].
iasachd
,
iasad
, a loan,
Ir. [iasachd], E.Ir. [iasacht]:
iasg
, fish, Ir. [iasg], O.Ir. [íasc],
[œsc], g. [éisc]; [*eisko-], [*peisko-]; Lat. [piscis], fish;
Got. [fisks], Eng. [fish]. ++
ibh
, drink, M.G.
[ibh] (M`V.), Ir. [ibhim] (Con. [íbhim]), O.Ir. [ibim], O.W. [iben],
bibimus, Cor. [evaf], Br. [eva]: [*ibô], [*pibô]; Lat. [bibo]; Skr.
[pibamî].
ic
, cure, heal, so Ir.; see [ioc].
ìc
, an addition, [eke], frame put under a
beehive (Carm.); Sc. [eik].
idir
, at all, Ir. [idir], O.Ir. [itir],
[etir]: [*enteri], a locative case of [enter], the stem of the prep.
[eadar], q.v.
ifrinn
, hell, Ir. [ifrionn], E.Ir.
[ifern(d)], O.Ir. [ifurnn]; from Lat. [infernum], adj. [infernus],
Eng. [infernal].
igh
, tallow (Sh.), fat (H.S.D., which marks
it as obsolete), M.Ir. [íth], g. [itha], Manx [eeh]: root [pi],
[pei], Gr.
píwn
, Skr. [pínas], fat.
igh
,
ì
, a burn, a small
stream with green banks (Suth.). This is the Suth. pronunciation of
[ùidh], a ford, etc.
ilbhinn
, a craggy mountain ("Mar ilbhinn
ailbhein craige", Oss. Ballad); if not mere jingle, it means "many
peaked": [iol]+[bheann].
ileach
, variegated, Ir. [ile], diversity; see
[iol-].
ìm
, butter, Ir. [im] (g. [íme], Coneys),
E.Ir. [imb], W. [ymenyn], Cor. [amenen], Br. [amann], [amanen]:
[*emben-] or [*&mdot;ben-]; Lat. [unguen], Eng. [unguent], vb. [unguo], I
smear: Ger. [enke], butter; Skr. [áñjas], a salve, ointment.
im-
, about, also with intensive force, Ir.
[im-], O.Ir. [im-], [imm-]; it is the prefixive form of prep. [mu],
q.v. Also [iom-].
imcheist
, anxiety, doubt, O.Ir. [imchesti],
contentiones; from [im-] and [cheist].
imeachd
, journeying,
imich
, go, Ir. [imtheachd], [imthighim], O.Ir.
[imthecht]; from [im-] and [teachd], [tighinn]:
imich
is for [imthigh], root [tig] [teig] of [tighinn],
q.v.
imisg
, a sarcasm, scandal: [*im-isc]; for
[isc], see [inisg].
imleag
, navel, Ir. [imleacan], [imlinn],
E.Ir. [imbliu], acc. [imblind], [imlec], [imlecán]: [*embiliôn-],
[*embilenko-]; Lat. [umbilîcus]; Gr.
&ocom;mfalós
; Eng. [navel]; Skr. [nā/bhi],
[nâbhîla]; I.E. [onbhelo-], [nobhelo-].
imlich
, lick, Ir. [imlighim], [lighim];
[im-lighim]. "about-lick". With [lighim] is cognate O.Ir. [lígim], I
lick, W. [llyaw], [llyad], licking, Br. [leat] (do.): [*leigô],
[*ligo]; Lat. [lingo]; Gr.
leígw
; Eng.
[lick]; Ch.Sl. [lizati] (to lick); Skr. [lihati].
imnidh
, care, diligence, Ir. [imnídhe], O.Ir.
[imned], tribulatio: [*&mdot;bi-men-eto-], root [men] of [menmna].
Ascoli analyses the O.Ir. as [*imb-an-eth], root [an], breathe.
impidh
, a prayer; see [iompaidh].
impis
,
imis
, imminence,
an impis
, about to, almost, M.Ir. [imese catha],
imminence of battle, root [ved] of [tòiseach] (Stokes).
imreasan
, controversy, Ir. [imreasán], O.Ir.
[imbresan], altercatio, [imbresnaim], I strive, W. [ymryson],
contention, dispute: [*imbi-bres-], root [bres] of M.Ir. [bressa],
contentions, battles, Br., Cor. [bresel] (from [bris], break)?
Windisch suggests for Gadelic [*imm-fres-sennim] (prep. [imm] or [im]
and [fris], [frith]), from O.Ir. [sennim], I drive, [*svem-no-],
allied to Eng. [swim].
imrich
, remove, flit, Ir. [imircim], E.Ir.
[immirge], journey, expedition: [*imbi-reg-], root [reg], go, stretch
(as in [rach]). Windisch suggests [imm-éirge], from [éirigh].
in-
,
ion-
,
ionn-
, a frefix of like force as Lat. [in-], used
especially before medials, liquids, and
s
([ionn-] only before
s
), Ir. [in-], [ion-],
[inn-], [ionn-] (before
s
), O.Ir. [in-]; it is
the Gadelic prep. [in], [ind], now [an], [ann], in (q.v.), used as a
prefix.
inbhe
, quality, dignity, rank, Ir. [inmhe],
patrimony, estate, M.Ir. [indme], rank: [*ind-med-], prep. [ind]
([ann]) and root [m@-], [med], of [meas]? Ir. [inme], wealth, better
[indme] or [indbe] (St.).
inbhir
, a confluence of waters, Ir.
[innbhear], [inbhear], E.Ir. [indber], [inbir], [inber], W. [ynfer],
influxus: [*eni-bero-s] (Stokes), from [eni] or modern [an], in, and
[bero-], stem of [beir], Lat. [fero]. The combination is the same as
Lat. [infero], Eng. [inference].
inghean
, a daughter, Ir. [inghean], O.Ir.
[ingen], Ogam [inigena]: [*eni-genâ]; root [gen], beget (see [gin])
and prep. [an]; Lat. [indigena], native; Gr.
&ecom;ggónc
, a grand-daughter. Also
nighean
, q.v. Lat. [ingenuus]?
inich
, neat, tidy, lively:
inid
, Shrove-tide, Ir. [inid], E.Ir. [init],
W. [ynyd], Br. [ened]; from Lat. [initium] ([jejunii], beginning of
Lent.
inisg
a reproach; cf. M.Ir. [indsce], O.Ir.
[insce], speech: [*eni-sqiâ], root [seq], say, as in [sgeul], q.v.
Gr.
&ecom;/nispe
, Lat. [inseque], say, are
exactly the same as Ir. in root and prefix.
inn-
,
ionn-
, (
innt-
before
s
), prep. prefix of
like force with [frith], [ri], against, to Ir. [inn-], [ionn-], O.Ir.
[ind-] ([int-] before
s
), [inn-], [in-]:
[*&ndot;de], Gaul. [ande-]: [*ande], from [&ndot;dh], Goth. [und], for,
until, O.H.G. [unt-as], until; Skr. [ádhi], up to ([&ndot;dhi]).
inndrich
, originate, incite:
inne
, a bowel, entrail, gutter, sewer, kennel
(M`A.), Ir. [inne], [innighe], M.Ir. [inne], [inde], a bowel, viscer
(pl.), E.Ir. [inne], [inde], O.Ir. [inna], d.pl. [innib], viscus,
viscera: prep. [in]+? Cf. Gr.
&ecom;\vteron
, a bowel, Ger. [innere], Skr.
[antaram]; also Dial. Eng. [innards] (for [inwards]).
inneach
, woof, so Ir., E.Ir. [innech]:
[*(p)&ndot;-niko-], root [pan], thread, Lat. [pannus], cloth, Gr.
[pcnós], woof thread on the bobbin? See further under [anart]. A
compound with [in] or [ind] is possible: [in-neg-], Lat. [in-necto]?
inneadh
, want (M`F.):
inneal
, an instrument, arrangement, Ir.
[inneal], arrangement, dress, E.Ir. [indell], yoke, arrangement; G.
innil
, prepare, ready, Ir. [inniollaim], arrange,
E.Ir. [indlim], get ready: [*ind-el-], root [pel], join, fold, as in
[alt], q.v. Ascoli joins O.Ir. [intle], insidiæ, [intledaigim],
insidior, and G.
innleachd
, q.v.; but gives no
root.
innean
, an anvil, Ir. [inneóin], E.Ir.
[indeóin], O.Ir. [indéin], W. [einion] [[[engion]?]], Cor. [ennian],
Br. [anneffn]: [*ande-bnis], "on-hit", from [inn-] and [benô], hit as
in [bean], q.v. Osthoff gives the stem [*endivani-], "on-hit", Zd.
[vaniti], hit.
innear
, dung, M.Ir. [indebar]: [*ind-ebar];
cf. E.Ir. [cann-ebor] (= [cac], O'Cl.), on the analogy of which Stokes
suggests that
[ind-] of [indebar] is for [find], white,
but G. is against this. O'Dav. has [find-ebor], dung; so Meyer, but
not O'Dav.!
innil
, prepare, ready; see [inneal].
innis
, an island, Ir. [inis], O.Ir. [inis],
W. [ynys], Cor. [enys], Br. [enez], pl. [inisi]: [*inissî], from
[&ndot;ss], Lat. [*inssa], [insula], Gr.
n&cibre;sos
(Dor.
n&aibre;asos
). The connection of the Celtic, Lat.,
and Gr. is almost certain, though the phonetics are not clear.
Strachan suggests for Celtic [*eni-stî], "in-standing", that is,
"standing or being in the sea".
innis
, tell, Ir. [innisim], E.Ir. [innisim],
[indisim]: [*ind-fiss-], from [fiss], now [fios], knowledge; root
[vid]. Cf. [adfíadim], narro ([*veidô]), [infíadim]. [vet] (St.)?
innleachd
, device, mechanism, Ir.
[inntleachd], device, ingenuity: [*ind-slig-tu-], root [slig] of
[slighe], way? Ascoli joins O.Ir. [intle], insidiæ, [intledaigim],
insidior, and W. [annel], a gin, Cor. [antell], ruse, Br. [antell],
stretch a snare or bow, and Ir. [innil], a gin, snare. The O.Ir.
[intliucht], intellectus (with [sliucht], cognitio), is considered by
Zimmer to be a grammatical word from Lat. [intellectus]. Stokes
disagrees. Hence
innlich
, aim, desire.
innlinn
, provender, forage: "preparation",
from [innil], prepare.
innsgin
, mind, courage (H.S.D. form MSS.),
also in A.M`D.'s song, "[Am breacan uallach]"; [innsgineach],
sprightly (Sh., O'R.):
inntìnn
, mind, Ir. [inntinn]: [*ind-seni-];
root [sen] or [senn], as in Ger. [sinn], sense? Kluge, however, gives
[*sentno-] as the earliest form of the Ger. Possibly it may be a
plural from O.Ir. [inne], sensus, meaning the "senses" originally.
The Gadelic words can scarcely be from a depraved pronunciation of
Lat. [ingenium].
inntreadh
,
inntreachduinn
,
a beginning, entering; from Eng. [entering].
iob
, a raw cake, lump of dough (H.S.D. for
N.H.); also
uibe
, q.v.
ioba
, pl.
iobannan
,
tricks, incantations (Arg.); see [ubag].
iobairt
, an offering, sacrifice, Ir.
[íodhbuirt], M.Ir. [édpart], O.Ir. [edpart], [idpart]:
[*aith-od-bart-], root [bert], [ber] of [beir], q.v. Cf. W. [aberth]
(= [ad-bert]), a sacrifice.
ioblag
, a victimised or despised female, a
trollop (Glenmoriston):
ìog
, pay, remedy,
iocshlaint
, a cure, salve, remedy, Ir. [íocaim], pay,
remedy,
iocshlaint
, a cure, salve, remedy, Ir.
[íocaim], pay, remedy, [íocshláinte], a cure, remedy, E.Ir. [ícaim],
heal, pay, O.Ir. [íccaim], heal, W. [iachäu], to cure, [iach], sound,
Cor. [iach], sanus, Br. [iac'h], healthy, O.Br. [iac]: [*jakko-],
sound; Gr.
&acom;/kos
, a cure; Skr.
[yaças], grandeur. The long vowel of
the Gadelic forms
is puzzling, and these have been referred to [*isacco-], from [iso-],
[eiso-], Gr.
&icom;aomai
, heal, Skr.
[ishayati], refresh.
iochd
, clemency, humanity, Ir. [iochd],
clemency, confidence, M.Ir. [icht], protection, E.Ir. [icht],
progeny, children: [*pektus], root [pek], [pak], Lat. [pectus],
breast, [paciscor], paction; allied to [uchd]. For [iochd], progeny,
cf. Norse [átt], family (Rhys). See [aicme].
ìochdar
, the lower part, bottom, Ir.
[íochdar], O.Ir. [íchtar]. It is formed from [ìos], [ís], down, on
the analogy of [uachdar]. See [ìos].
iod
, alas! Cf. Eng. [tut]. Also
ud
, oh dear!
iodhal
, an image, Ir. [íodhal], O.Ir. [ídal];
from Lat.
idolum
, Eng.
idol
.
iodhlann
, a cornyard, Ir. [iothlann],
granary, O.Ir. [ithla], g. [ithland], area, W. [ydlan], O.W. [itlann],
area: [*(p)itu-landâ], "corn-land"; O.Ir. [ith] (g. [etho]), corn, W.,
Cor. [yd], Br. [ed], [it]; Skr. [pitu], nourishment, eating, Zend
[pitu], food. For further connections, see [ith], eat. For [-lann],
see [lann].
iodhnadh
, pangs of child-birth, Ir.
[iodhana], pangs, E.Ir. [idu], pl. [idain]: [*(p)idôn-]; Got.
[fitan], travail in birth.
ìogan
, deceit, fraud:
ioghar
,
ioghnadh
; see
[iongar], [iongnadh].
iol-
, prefix denoting "many", Ir. [iol-],
O.Ir. [il], multus: [*elu-], [*pelu-], many; Got., O.H.G. [filu], Ger.
[viel], many; Gr.
polús
, many; Skr.
[purú]. the root is [pel], [plâ], [plê], as in G. [làn], [lìon], Eng.
[full], etc.
iola
, a fishing station, fishing rock,
fishing bank (Heb. and N.H.); Shet [iela].
iolach
, a shout, pæan, Ir. [iolach],
merriment, O.Ir. [ilach], pæan; W. [elwch], a shout. [*elukko], root
[pel], roar;
pelagos
? (St.). Cf. Ag.S.
[ealá], oh, alas.
iolair
, eagle, Ir. [iolar], M.Ir. [ilur], for
[irur], [*eruro-s], W. [eryr], Cor., Br. [er]; Got. [ara], O.H.G.
[aro], Ger. [aar], Ag.S. [earn]; Lit. [erélis], Prus. [arelie]; also
Gr.
&ocom;/rnis
, a bird.
iolar
, down (Perthshire), also
urlar
: a degraded adverbial form of [urlar]? Or for
[*ior-ar], [*air-air], "on-by"?
iolla
, view, glance; [gabh iolla ris], just
look at it; cf. [ealla].
iollagach
, frolicsome; see [iullagach].
iollain
, expert (H.S.D.; Sh., O'R.
iollan
); from [ealaidh].
iom-
, the broad-vowel form of the prefix
[im-], q.v.
ioma
,
iomadh
, many, many
a, Ir. [ioma], [iomdha], E.Ir. [immad], multitudo, O.Ir. [imbed],
copia, [immde], multus (*imbde), [immdugud], exuberantia: [*imbeto-],
from the prep. [imbi], [embi], now [im-], [mu], about (Z.
2
64). Bez. queries if allied to Lat.
[pinguis], thick, Gr.
pahús
, but
[&gcurly;h], [&gcurly;hu] gives in Gadelic a simple
g
(Ost. [Ind. For.]
4
). Also
G.
iomad
, many,
iomaididh
,
superabundance, Ir. [iomad], a multitude, much. For
d
cf. [liuthad].
iomadan
, concurrence of disasters, a
mourning:
iomagain
,
iomaguin
,
anxiety: [*imb-ad-goni-], root [gon] of [iargain]?
iomain
, a driving (of cattle, etc.), Ir.
[iomáin], tossing, driving, E.Ir. [immáin], a driving ([*embi-agni-]),
inf. to [immagim], circumago; Lit. [ambāges], going around,
windings; root [âg], [ag], drive; Lat. [ago], Gr.
&acom;/gw
, etc.
iomair
, a ridge of land, Ir. [iomaire], E.Ir.
[immaire], [imbaire]: [*embi-ario-], root [ar], plough; see [ar].
iomair
, need, behove: "serve"; Ir.
[timthire], servant, O.Ir. [timmthirim], I serve. For force, cf.
[feum]. The root is [tìr], land?
iomair
, employ, exercise, play, noun
iomairt
, Ir. [imirt], a game, E.Ir. [imbert], O.Ir. vb.
[imbrim], infero, etc.: for [imb-berim], root [ber] of [beir], q.v.
iomall
, a border, limit, Ir. [imiol], E.Ir.
[imbel], W. [ymyl]: [*imb-el], "circuit", root [el], go, Lat.
[amb-ulare], walk, which reproduces both roots. See further under
[tadhal]. Hence
iomallach
, remote.
iomarbhaidh
, a struggle, Ir. [iomarbhaidh],
E.Ir. [immarbág]: [*imm-ar-bág-]; root [bâg], strive, Norse [bágr],
strife, O.H.G. [bâga], vb. [pâgan]. See [arabhaig]. M`A. gives
iomarbhuìdh
, hesitation, confusion.
iomarcach
, very numerous, superfluous
(Carswell's
imarcach
), Ir. [iomarcach], M.Ir.
[imarcraid], superfluity (also "carrying", from [immarchor], [cor],
place, as in [iomarchur]). M`A. gives the meaning as "in many
distresses, distressed", and the root as [arc] of [airc]. ++
iomarchur
, a rowing, tumbling, straying, Ir.
[iomarchur] (O'B), E.Ir. [immarchor] (= [imm-ar-cor], from [cor] or
[cuir], put), carrying, errand.
iomchan
, carriage, behaviour:
iomchar
, carriage, behaviour, Ir. [iomchar],
E.Ir. [immchor]; from [imm-] and [cuir], q.v.
iomchoire
, blame, a reflection; from [iom-]
and [coire].
iomchorc
, regards, salutation, petition, also
G., Ir.
iomchomharc
, O.Ir. [imchomarc],
interrogatio, salutatio: [*imm-com-arc-], from [arc], ask, W.
[archaff], I ask, [erchim], Cor. [arghaf], M.Br. [archas], will
command: [*(p)arkô], ask, root [perk], [prek], [p&rdot;k]; Lat. [precor],
Eng. [pray], [prosco] (= [porcsco]), demand; Ger. [frage],
[forschung], question, inquiry; Lit. [praszýti], beg; Skr. [pracnas],
question.
iomchuidh
, proper, Ir. [iomchubhaidh], M.Ir.
[immchubaid]; from [iom-] and [cubhaidh], q.v.
ìomhaigh
, an image, Ir. [iomhaigh], M.Ir.
[iomáig], [imagin], Cor. [auain]; from Lat. [imago].
iomlag
, the navel; see [imleag].
iomlaid
, and exchange, Ir. [iomlut]; possibly
from the G. root [lud], go (see [dol]).
iomlan
, whole, E.Ir. [imshlán], quite whole.
iompaidh
, a turning, conversion, Ir.
[iompógh], O.Ir. [impúd], [impúth], W. [ymod], a turn: [*imb-shouth],
O.Ir. [sóim], averto: [*soviô], root [su], [sou], Lat. [sucula],
windlass. It has also been referred to the root [sup], Lat.
[dissipo], Lit. [supù], swing.
iomradh
, fame, report, Ir. [iomrádh], O.Ir.
[immrádud], tractatio, cogitatio; from [iom-] and [ràdh], say.
iomrall
, an error, wandering, Ir.
[iomrolladh], [iomrulladh], E.Ir. [imroll], mistake: [*ambi-air-al],
root [al], [el], go, as in [iomall].
iomram
,
iomramh
, rowing,
Ir. [iomramh], [iomrámh] (O'B.), E.Ir. [immram], vb. [immráim]; from
[iom-] and [ràmh].
ion
, fit,
ion-
, prefix
denoting fitness, Ir. [ion-], prefixed to passive participles, denotes
fitness (O'D., who quotes [inleighis], curable, [inmheasta],
believable): a particular use of [in-], in-, which see. [ion is
iomlan], almost perfect (Hend.).
ion-
, negative prefix [an] before
b
,
d
,
g
,
Ir. [ion-], O.Ir. [in-]; see [an] for derivation. The primitive [&ndot;]
before
b
,
d
,
g
. becomes [in] in Gadelic.
ionad
, a place, Ir. [ionad], [ionnad]; the
E.Ir. has [inad] only, pointing to modern [ionadh]:
iona(dh)
, in
c'iona
,
c'ionadh
, whether: [co] and [ionadh] or [iona], E.Ir.
[inad], place. See above. The Modern Ir. is [ca hionad].
ionaltair
, a pasturing, pasture; from [in-]
and [*altair], a shorter form of [altrum]. Cf. for form Ir.
[ingilim], I pasture, from [in-] and [gelim], I eat (root [gel], as in
G. [goile]). [iomair ionailt], browsing rig (Carm.).
ionann
, alike, Ir. [ionnan], O.Ir. [inonn],
[innon], [inon]. Possibly for [*sin-ôn], [*sin-sôn], "this-that"; see
[sin], and [sôn] of O.Ir. is for [*sou-n], [*sou], hoc, Gr.
o&ubcomibre;-tos
(for root, see [sa]). Cf. for form
Lat. [idem] = [is-dem], Gr.
&obcom; a&ucom;tós
.
ionbhruich
, broth; see [eanraich].
ionga
, g.
ingne
, pl.
ìngnean
,
ìnean
, a nail, Ir. [ionga],
g. [iongan], O.Ir. [inga], g. [ingen], W. [ewin], Cor. [euuin], Br.
[ivin]: [*engînâ] (Stokes); Lat. [unguis]; Gr.
&ocom;/nux
, g.
&ocom;/nuhos
; Got. [nagljan], Eng. [nail]; Skr.
[nakhá]. Fick gives the I.E. root as [no&gcurly;h], [&ndot;&gcurly;h],
with stems [no&gcurly;hlo-], [&ndot;&gcurly;hlo-],
iongantach
, wonderful, so Ir. [ingantach];
formed from the noun [iongnadh], wonder.
iongar
,
ioghar
, pus:
[*in-gor], root [gor] of [guirean], q.v. Dr Cam. compared Gr.
@'/hwr
, blood of the gods (Gael, No.
548). [*ping-aro-], [pi], swell?
iongnadh
, wonder, so Ir., O.Ir. [ingnád],
[ingnáth] (adj. and n.); for [in-gnáth], "not wont"; see [ion-] (neg.
prefix) and [gnàth].
ionmhas
, treasure, Ir. [ionmhas], [ionmhus],
E.Ir. [indmass]; from [in-] and [-mass] of [tomhas], measure, q.v.
Ascoli connects it with O.Ir. [indeb], lucrum, M.Ir. [indbas], wealth.
ionmhuinn
, dear, Ir. [ionmhuin], O.Ir.
[inmain]: [*eni-moni], root [mon], [men], mind, remember, for which
see [cuimhne]. See [muinighin].
ionn-
, prefix of the same force as [fri],
[ri]; see [inn-] further.
ionnairidh
, a watching at night; from [ionn-]
and [aire].
ionnaltoir
, a bath, Ir. [ionnaltóir] (O'R.),
bather (Con.); see [ionnlad]. ++
ionnas
, condition,
status,
ionnas gu
, insomuch that, so that,
cionnas
, how, Ir. [ionnus], so that, O.Ir. [indas],
status: [*ind-astu-], "in adstatu", from [ad-sta], root [sta]. Zeuss
2
derives it from [ind] and the abstract
termination [-assu] ([-astu-]), seemingly giving it the idea of
"to-ness".
ionndruinn
, missing: [*ind-reth-in],
"wandering"; see [faondra].
ionnlad
, washing, Ir. [ionnlat], O.Ir.
[indlat], Ir. vb. [innuilim], M.Ir. [indalim]. There is also an
E.Ir. [indmat], washing of the hands. From [*ind-luttto-], [*lutto]
from [lu], [lov], bathe, Lat. [lavo], etc.?
ionnsaich
, learn, E.Ir. [insaigim], seek out,
investigate, noun [saigid], seeking out, [saigim]: [in-] and [sag],
root [sag], seek; Lat. [sa!-gio], am keen, [sagax], acute; Gr.
&cbcom;géomai
, lead; Got. [sôkjan], seek,
Eng. [seek]; I.E. [sâg], [sag]. The G.
connsaich
is from [co-in-saigim], [sagim], say, dispute; Got. [sakan], dispute,
Eng. [forsake], [sake].
ionnsuidh
, attempt, approach, Ir.
[ionnsuigh], E.Ir. [insaigid], a visit; from [in-] and [saigid],
seeking out, visiting. See [ionnsaich]. Hence the prep.
[dh'ionnsuidh].
ionntag
, a nettle; see [deanntag].
ionntlas
, delight (H.S.D.); from [in-] and
[tlàth]?
ionntraich
, miss (Dial.); see [ionndruinn].
ionraic
, righteous, Ir. [ionnruic], O.Ir.
[inricc], dignus: [*ind-rucci-] (Ascoli); possibly [*rucci-] is for
[*rog-ki], root [rog], [reg] of [reacht].
ioraltan
, harmless tricks: [*air]+[alt].
ioras
, down; from [air] and [ìos]. Dial.
uireas
.
iorbhail
, infection, taint: [*air]+[bail],
"on-issue".
iorcallach
, a robust man: "Herculean"; from
Iorcall
, Hercules, a Gaelic word formed from the
Latin one.
iorghuil
, fray, strife, so Ir., O.Ir.
[irgal]; from [air] and [gal], q.v. Also
iorgull
.
iorrach
, quiet, undisturbed:
iorram
, a boat song: [*air-rám], "at oar"
song. Cf. [iomram] for phonetics. ++
ìos
, down,
Ir. ++[íos], in phrases
a nìos
, from below,
sìos
, to below, so Ir.; O.Ir. [ís], [íss], infra, W.
[is], comp. [isel], sup. [isaf], Br. [is], [iz], [isel], comp.
[iseloch]: [*enso] or [*endso], from [en], now [an], in; Lat.
[īmus], lowest, from [*ins-mus], from [in]. Stokes cfs. rather
Skr. [adhás], under (&ndot;dhas), Eng. [under], giving the prehistoric
form as [*insô]; and there is much in favour of this view for the
meaning's sake, though most philologists are on the side of [en] or
[end], now [an], being root. Lat. [imus] or [infimus] would then
follow the Celtic.
ìosal
, low, Ir. [iosal], O.Ir. [ísel]:
[*endslo-s]; see [ìos] above.
iosgaid
, hough, poples, Ir. [ioscaid], M.Ir.
[iscait], E.Ir. [escait]:
iosop
, hyssop, Ir. [íosóip]; from Lat.
[hyssopum], whence Eng.
ìotadh
, thirst, Ir. [íota], O.Ir. [ítu], g.
[ítad]: [*isottât], root [is], desire, seek; Gr. [&icom;ótcs], wish,
[&ibcom;/meros], desire; Ch.Sl. [iskati], seek; Skr. [ish], seek, Zend.
[ish], wish.
iothlann
, cornyard; see [iodhlann].
ìre
, progress, state, degree of growth, O.Ir.
[hire], [ire] ([íre]), ulterior: [*(p)ereio-], from [per], through,
over; Gr.
pera&iibre;os
, on the other side.
Stokes makes the proportional comparison of these forms thus:-
[(p)ereios]:
pera&iibre;os
= [(p)arei] (now
[air]):
paraí
.
iriosal
, humble: [*air-ìosal], q.v.
iris
, hen-roost, basket or shield handle,
M.Ir. [iris], pl. [irsi], suspender, shield handle, stchel strap:
[*are-sti-], from [air] and [sta], stand. See [ros], [seas].
is
, is, Ir., O.Ir. [is], O.Ir. [iss], O.W.
[iss], [is] = Gr.
&ecom;stì
; Lat. [est],
is; Eng. [is], etc.
is
, and, Ir., E.Ir. [is]; seemingly an
idiomatic use of [is], is. Consider the idiom; "Nì e sin is mise an
so" - "He will do it and I here"; literally: "He will do it, I am
here". It is usually regarded as a curtailment of [agus], and hence
spelt variously as
a's
,
'us
.
isbean
, a sausage; from Norse [íspen], a
sausage of lard and suet (= [í-spen], from [speni], a teat).
isean
, a chicken, young of any bird, Ir.
[iséan], E. Ir. [essíne], O.Ir. [isseniu], pullo: [*ex(p)et-nio-]?
Root [pet], fly; that is, [*ex-én-], [én] being [eun], bird,
isneach
, a rifle gun; from [oisinn], corner?
Meyer suggests from [isean], young of birds, comparing
"fowling-piece".
ist!
whist! Eng. [whist!] [hist!] Lat. [st!]
Onomatopoetic.
ite
, a feather, Ir. [iteóg], O.Ir. [ette]:
[*ettiâ], [*pet-tiâ], root [pet], fly; Gr.
pétomai
, I fly; Lat. [penna], a wing ([*pet-na]),
Eng. [pen]; Eng. [feather], Ger. [fittich]; etc. See [eun]. W.
[aden], wing, is near related.
iteachan
, a spool,
weaver's bobbin.
iteodha
, hemlok. Cameron (29) suggests a
derivation from
ite
, the idea being
"feather-foliaged".
ith
, eat, Ir., O.Ir. [ithim]: [*itô],
[*pitô], I eat; Ch.Sl. [p&icom;tati], feed: Skr. [pitu], nourishment,
Zend [pitu], food; further Gr.
pítus
,
pine. Also ++
ith
, ++
ioth
, corn,
as in [iodhlann], q.v.
iubhar
, yew, Ir. [iubhar], E.Ir. [ibar],
Gaul.
Eburos
; Ger. [eberesche], service-tree
([*ebarisc]). So Schräder. It does not seem that Ir. [eó], W. [yw],
Br. [ivin], [*ivo-], Eng. [yew], can be allied to [iubhar]. Hence
iubrach
, a yew wood, stately woman, the mythic boat of
Fergus Mac Ro in the Deirdre story. [Eboracum]?
iuchair
, a key, Ir. [eochair], E.Ir.
[eochuir], Manx [ogher], W. [egoriad], key, [egor], [agor], opening:
[*ekûri-]; root stem [pecu-], fastening, whence Lat. [pecu], cattle,
Eng. [fee]. Cf. W. [ebill], key, auger.
iuchair
, the roe, spawn, Ir., M.Ir.
[iuchair]: [*jekvuri], Lat. [jecur], liver?
iuchar
, the dog-days:
iugh
, a particular posture in which the dead
are placed:
iùl
, guidance, Ir. [iul]; cf. [eòlas].
iullag
, a sprightly female,
iullagach
, sprightly:
iùnais
, want, E.Ir. [inguáis], O.Ir.
[ingnais], absence: [*in-gnáth], from [gnáth], known, custom; see
[gnàth]. Aslo
aonais
.
iunnrais
, stormy sky:
iunntas
, wealth:
iurpais
, fidgeting, wrestling; cf. [farpuis].
++
iursach
, suspensory (Oss. Ballads), applied to
the mail-coat. From [iris]. H.S.D. gives the meaning as "black,
dark".
iuthaidh
,
fiuthaidh
,
iùthaidh
, arrow, gun, etc.:
iutharn
, hell; for [*ifhern], a side-form of
[ifrinn].
là
,
latha
, day, Ir. [lá],
g. [laoi], O.Ir. [lathe], [laithe], [lae], g. [lathi], d. [lau],
[lóu], [ló]: [*lasio-], root [las], shine; Skr. [lásati], shines; Gr.
láw
, behold.
làban
,
làban
, mire, dirt,
Ir. [lábán]; also
làib
. Cf. for root [làthach]
([*làth-bo-]).
labanach
, a day-labourer, plebeian, Ir.
[labánach] (O'B., etc.; Sh.); from Lat. [labor]?
labhair
, speak, Ir. [labhraim], E.Ir.
[labraim], O.Ir. [labrur], [labrathar], loquitur, W. [llafar],
vocalis, [lleferydd], voice, Corn. [lauar], sermo, Br. [lavar], Gaul.
river [Labarus]: [*labro-], speak; Gr.
lábros
, furious,
lábreúomai
, talk rashly. Bez. prefers the root
of Eng. [flap]. Others have compared Lat. [labrum], lip, which may be
allied to bothe Celtic and Gr. (
labreúomai
). Hence G. and Ir.
labhar
, loud, O.Ir. [labar], eloquens, W. [llafar],
loud, Gr.
lábros
.
la-bhallan
, water shrew (Suth.),
la-mhalan
(Forbes):
lach
, a wild duck, Ir., E.Ir. [lacha]; cf.
the Lit. root [lak], fly.
lachan
, a laugh; from the Sc., Eng. [laugh].
lachduinn
, dun, grey, tawny, Ir., M.Ir.
[lachtna], grey, dun; cf. Skr. [rakta], coloured, reddened, rañj],
dye, whence Eng. [lake], crimson.
làd
,
lòd
, a load, Ir.
[lád]; from the M.Eng. [laden], to lade.
lad
, a mill lead; from the Eng. [lead],
[lade]. For the N.H. meaning of "puddle", see
lod
.
ladar
, a ladle; from the Eng. [ladle] by
dissimilation of the liquids.
ladarna
, bold, so Ir., M.Ir. [latrand],
robber, W. pl. [lladron], theives; from Lat. [latro], [latronis], a
thief.
ladhar
, a hoof, fork, so Ir., E.Ir. [ladar],
toes, fork, branch: [*plaðro-n], root [pla], extend.
lag
, a hollow, Ir. [log], a pit, hollow:
[*luggo-], root [lu&gcurly;], bend; Gr.
lugízw
, bend; Lit. [lugnas], pliant. Stokes
gives the basis as [*lonko-], root [lek], [lenk], bend, Lit. [lànkas],
a curve, [lanka], a mead, Ch.Sl. [lakŭ], bent; but this would
give [à] in G.; Ger. [lücke], gap, blank.
lag
, weak, Ir. [lag], E.Ir. [lac], M.Ir.
[luice] (pl.), W. [llag], sluggish: [*laggo-s], root [lag]; Lat.
[langueo], Eng. [languid]; Gr.
laggázw
,
slacken,
lagarós
, thin; Eng. [slack],
also [lag], from Celtic. Cf.
lákkos
.
làgan
, sowens: [*latag-ko-]? Root [lat], be
wet, Gr.
latax
, drop, Lat. [latex]. See
[làthach].
lagh
, law, Ir. [lagh] (obsolete, says Con.);
from the Eng. The phrase
iar lagh
, set in
readiness for shooting (as of a bow) is hence also.
laghach
, pretty, Ir. [lághach], [laghach]
(Donegal); cf. M.Ir. [lig], beauty, root [leg], Lat. [lectus], chosen,
Eng. [election]? Cf. O.W. [lin], gratia. Kluge says Eng. [like].
làidir
, strong, Ir., E.Ir. [láidir]:
laigh
,
luigh
, lie, Ir.
[luigh], E.Ir. [laigim], O.Ir. [lige], bed, W. [gwe-ly], bed (Cor.
[gueli], Br. [guele]), Gaul [legasit] (= posuit?): [*logô],
[legô], to lie, [*legos], bed, I.E. root [le&gcurly;h], lie; Gr.
lehos
, bed,
léhetai
, sleeps (Hes.); Got. [ligan], Ger.
[liegan], Eng. [lie], etc.
laimhrig
, landing place, harbour: from N.
[hlað-hamarr], pier or loading rock, Shet. [Laamar]. Also [lamraig].
laimhsich
, handle, Ir. [laimhsighim]:
[*lám-ast-ico-], from [*lamas], handling, from [làmh], q.v.
lainnir
, brightness, polish, E.Ir.
[lainderda], glittering, glancing; also
loinnear
,
bright, q.v.
lainnir
, a falcon (Carm.):
laipheid
, an instrument for making
horn-spoons:
làir
, a mare, Ir., O.Ir. [láir], g. [lárach]:
[*lârex]. Stokes suggests connection with Alban. [pelé],
[pēlé], mare.
lairceach
, stout, short-legged, fat,
lairceag
, a short, fat woman:
làirig
, a moor, sloping hill, a pass; cf.
M.Ir. [laarg], fork, leg and thigh, O.Ir. [loarcc], furca. Often in
place names:
laisde
, easy, in good circumstances; cf. Ir.
[laisti], a heavy, stupid person; from [las], loose?
laisgeanta
, fiery, fierce; from [las], q.v.
laithilt
, a weighing as with scales, Ir.
[laithe], scales: [*platio-], root [plat], [plet], as in [leathan].
lamban
, milk curdled by rennet (Dial.); see
[slaman].
lamh
, able, dare, Ir. [lamhaim], E.Ir.
[lamaim], O.Ir. [-laimur], audeo, W. [llafasu], audere, Cor. [lavasy],
Br. [lafuaez]: [*plamô], a short-vowel form of the root of [làmh],
hand, the idea being "manage to, dare to"? Stokes says it is probably
from [*tlam], dare, Gr.
tólma
, daring,
Sc. [thole]; see [tlàth]. Windisch has compared Lit. [lemiù],
[lemti], fix, appoint.
làmh
, hand, Ir. [lámh], O.Ir. [lám], W.
[llaw], Cor. [lof], O.Br. [lau]; [*lâmâ], [*plâmâ]; Lat. [palma], Eng.
[palm]; Gr.
palámc
; Ag.S. [folm],
O.H.G. [folma]. Hence
làmhainn
, glove, E.Ir.
[lámind]. [làmh], axe (Ross), [làmhaidh] (Suth.); [làmhag], a small
hatchet (Arg.), M.Ir. [laime], axe; O.Slav. [lomifi], break, [*lam],
Eng. lame (St.).
lamhrag
, a slut, awkward woman,
lamhragan
, awkward handling; from [lámh]: "underhand".
làn
, full, Ir., O.Ir. [lán], W. [llawn], O.W.
[laun], Cor. [leun], [len], Br. [leun]: [*lâno-], [*plâno-], or
[p&ldotmacr;-no-] (Brug.), root [p&ldotmacr;], [plâ], [pel]; Skr. [pûr&ndot;ás],
full; further Lat. [plênus]; Gr.
plc/rcs
,
polús
,
many; Eng. [full], etc. See also [iol], [lìon], [lìnn].
lànain
, a married couple, Ir. [lánamhain],
E.Ir. [lánamain], O.Ir. [lánamnas], conjugium: [*lag-no-], root
[log], [leg], lie, as in [laigh]? Stokes divides the word thus:
[lán-shamain]. For [samhain], assembly, see [samhainn].
lànan
, rafter beam, from [lànain].
langa
, a ling; from Norse [langa], Sc.
[laing], Eng. [ling].
langadar
, seaware with long leaves (Lewis):
langaid
, a fetter, fetters (especially for
horses),
langar
, Ir. [langfethir] (O'B.; Lh. has
++[langphetir]), E.Ir. [langfiter] (Corm. Gr., "English word this"),
W. [llyfethar], M.W. [lawhethyr]; from Eng. [lang] (long) and
[fetter]. The Sc. has [langet], [langelt], which is the origin of G.
[langaid].
langaid
, the guillemote (Heb.); from Sc.
(Shetland) [longie], Dan. [langivie] (Edmonston).
langaiseachadh
, pulling a boat along by a
rope from the bank:
langan
, lowing of the deer; from the Sc.,
Eng. [lowing]?
langasaid
, a couch, settee; from Sc.
[langseat], [lang-settle], "long seat".
lan
, a blade, sword, Ir. [lann], also "a
scale, scale of a fish, disc" (Arg., M`A.): [*lag-s-na]? Root [lag],
as in E.Ir. [laigen], lance, W. [llain], blade, Lat. [lanceo], Gr.
lóghc
, lance-point. Thur. ([Zeit. 28])
suggests [*plad-s-na], "broad thing"; Gr.
plaqánc
, Ger. [fladen], flat cake, further G.
[leathann], broad, etc. O.Ir. [lann], squama, is referred by Stokes
to [*lamna], allied to Lat. [lamina], [lamna]; which would produce
rather O.Ir. [*lamn], Modern [lamhan]. Ir. [lann], gridiron, is
doubtless allied to O.Ir. [lann].
lann
, an inclosure, land, Ir. [lann], E.Ir.
[land], W. [llan], O.W. [lann], area, ecclesia, Br. [lann]: [*landâ];
Teut. [land], Eng. [land]. See [iodhlann].
lannsa
, a lance, Ir. [lannsa]; from the Eng.
lanntair
, a lantern, Ir. [laindéar]; from the
Eng.
laoch
, a hero, Ir. [laoch], a soldier, hero,
E.Ir. [láech], a hero, champion: [*laicus], soldier, "non-cleric",
E.Ir. [láech], laicus, W. [lleyg]; all from Lat. [laicus], a layman,
non-cleric.
laogh
, a calf, so Ir., E.Ir. [lóeg], W.
[llo], Cor. [loch], Br. [leué], M.Br. [lue]: [*loigo-s], calf,
"jumper", root [leí&gcurly;], skip, Got. [laikan], spring, Lit.
[láigyti], skip, Skr. [réjati], skip (see [leum] further). It is
possible to refer it to root [leigh], lick: "the licker".
laodhan
, pith of wood, heart of a tree, Ir.
[laodhan], [laoidhean]; also G. [glaodhan], q.v.
laoighcionn
,
lao'cionn
,
tulchan calf, calf-skin; from [laogh] and ++[cionn], skin, which see
under [boicionn].
crann-laoicionn
, wooden block
covered with calf-skin (Wh.).
laoidh
, a lay, so Ir., E.Ir. [láed], [láid],
O.Ir. [lóid]: [*lûdi-]? Alliance with Teutonic [liuþ], Eng. [lay],
Fr. [lai], Ger. [lied], is possible if the stem is [lûdi-]; cf. for
phonetics [draoidh] and ancient [drûis], [drûidos], Druid, Gaul. Lat.
[druidæ] (Stokes).
laoineach
, handsome; cf. [loinn].
laoir
, drub lustily (M`A.),
laoireadh
, rolling in the dust (H.S.D.). Cf. [léir].
laoiscionn
, thin membrane inside of sheep and
cattle (Lewis); N. [lauss-skin], loose skin?
laoisg
, a group, crowd (disparagingly)
(Skye):
laom
, a crowd, lodge (as corn), Ir.
[laomdha], bent, M.Ir. [loem], crowd, heap:
laom
, a blaze, Ir. [laom]; from Norse
[ljómi], ray, Ag.S. [léoma], Sc. [leme], to blaze.
laom
, go to shaw (as potatoes) (Skye):
laom-chrann
, main beam of a house (Wh.):
laosboc
, a castrated goat:
laoran
, a person too fond of the fire-side:
lapach
, benumbed, faltering; cf. [lath].
[lapanaich], bedraggle (Perth).
làr
, the ground, Ir., O.Ir. [lár], W.
[llawr], O.Cor. [lor], O.Br. [laur], solum, Br. [leur]: [*lâro-],
[*plâro]; Eng. [floor], Ag.S. [flór], Norse [flór], Ger. [flur]; root
[plâ], broad, broaden, Lat. [plânus], Eng. [plain], etc.
làrach
, a site, Ir. [láithreach], O.Ir.
[láthrach]; from [làthair], q.v.
las
, loose, slack, W. [llaes]; from Lat.
[laxus], Eng. [lax].
las
, kindle,
lasair
,
flame, so Ir., E.Ir. [lassaim], [lassair], W. [llachar], gleaming:
[*laksar-]; Skr. [lakshati], see, show, O.H.G. [luogên] (do.). Also
by some referred to [*lapsar-], Gr.
lámpw
, shine, Eng. [lamp], Pruss. [lopis], flame.
See [losgadh]. Windisch has compared Skr. [arc], [&rdot;c], shine.
Hence
lasgaire
, a youth, young "spark";
lastan
, pride, etc.
lasgar
, sudden noise:
lath
, benumb, get benumbed. Cf. W. [llad].
làthach
, mire, clay, Ir., E.Ir. [lathach],
coenum, W. [llaid], mire, Br. [leiz], moist: [*latákâ], [*latjo-],
root [lat], be moist; Gr.
látax
,
látagés
, drops; Lat. [latex], liquid.
lathailt
, a method, a mould (Wh.):
làthair
, presence, Ir. [láthair], O.Ir.
[láthar], [lathair]: [*latri-], [*lâtro-], root [plât], [plâ], broad;
Lettic [plât], extend thinly; further in G. [làr] above. Asc. refers
it to the root of O.Ir. [láaim], I send, which is allied to Gr.
&ecom;laúnw
, I drive, etc. Hence
làrach
.
le
, by, with, Ir. [le], O.Ir. [la], rarer
[le]: [*let]; from [leth], side.
lèabag
, a flounder; see [leòb]. Also
leòbag
.
leabaidh
, a bed,
leabadh
,
Ir. [leaba], [leabuidh], E.Ir. [lepaid], [lepad], g. [leptha]:
[*lebboti-], [*leg-buto-] "lying-abode", from root [leg],
leh
, lie, as in [laigh]? W. [bedd].
leabhar
, a book, so Ir., O.Ir. [lebor], W.
[llyfr]; from Lat. [liber].
leabhar
, long, clumsy, M.Ir. [lebur], O.Ir.
[lebor], long: [*lebro-], root [le&gcurly;], hanging, Gr.
lobós
, a lobe; Eng. [lappet]; also Lat. [liber],
book.
leac
, a flag, flag-stone, so Ir., E.Ir.
[lecc], W. [llech]: [*liccâ], [*&ldot;p-kâ], root [lep], a shale; Gr.
lépas
, bare rock; Lat. [lapis], stone.
Stokes and Strachan refer it to the root [p&ldot;k], flat, Lat. [planca],
Eng. [plank], Gr.
pláx
, plain.
leac
, a cheek,
leacainnn
,
a hill side, Ir. [leaca], cheek, g. [leacan], E.Ir. [lecco], g.
[leccan]: [*lekkôn-]; O.Pruss. [laygnan], Ch.Sl. [lice], vultus.
Root [liq], [li&gcurly;], appearance, like, Gr.
-líkos
, Eng. [like], [lyke]-wake, Ger.
[leichnam], body.
leadair
, mangle, so Ir., E.Ir. [letraim],
inf. [letrad], hacking: [*leddro-]:
leadan
, flowing hair, a lock, teasel, Ir.
[leadán], M.Ir. [ledán], teasel. Root [li], stick; see [liosta].
leadan
, notes in music, Ir. [leadán], musical
notes, litany; from Lat. [litania], litany.
leag
, throw down, Ir. [leagaim], inf.
[leagadh] [*leggô], from [leg], root of [laigh], lie (cf. Eng. [lay])?
The preserved
g
may be from the analogy of
[leig], let; and Ascoli refers the word to the O.Ir. root [leg],
[lig], destruere, sternere: [foralaig], straverat, [dolega], qui
destruit.
leagarra
, self-satisfied, smug (Arg.):
leagh
, melt, so Ir., O.Ir. [legaim], [legad],
W. [llaith], moist, [dad leithio], melt, Br. [leiz]: [*legô]; Eng.
[leak], Norse [leka], drip, Ger. [lechzen].
leamh
, foolish, insipid, importunate, Ir.
[leamh]; cf. E.Ir. [lem], W. [llefrith], sweet milk, Corn. [leverid],
[liuriz]; O.Ir. [lemnact], sweet milk); consider root [lem], break, as
in Eng. [lame], etc.
leamhan
, elm, Ir. [leamhann], [leamh], M.Ir.
[lem]: [*&ldot;mo-]; Lat. [ulmus], Eng. [elm]: [*elmo-]. W. [llwyf]
([*leimá]) is different, with which is allied (by borrowing?) Eng.
[lime] in [lime-tree].
leamnacht
, tormentil, Ir. [neamhain]:
leamhnad
,
leamhragan
, stye
in the eye, W. [llefrithen], [llyfelyn]: [*limo-], "ooze"? Cf. Lat.
[līmus], mud, [lino], smear, Eng. [loam].
lèan
,
lèana
, a lea, swampy
plain, Ir. [léana] (do.): [*lekno-]? Cf. Lit. [lëkns], [lëkna],
depression, wet meadow (cf. Stokes on [lag] above); this is Mr
Strachan's derivation. The spelling seems against referring it, as
Stokes does, to the root [lei], Gr.
leimw/n
, meadow, Lit. [léija], a valley; though
W. [llwyn], grove, favours this. Cf. W. [lleyn], low strip of land.
lean
, follow, Ir. [leanaim], O.Ir. [lenim],
W. [can-lyn], [dy-lyn], sequi: [*linami], I cling to; Skr. [linâmi],
cling to; Lat. [lino], smear; Gr.
&acom;línw
(do.); [*lipnâmi], Lit. [lipti], cleave
to; root [lî], [li], adhere. Inf. is
leanmhuinn
.
leanabh
, a child, Ir. [leanbh], E.Ir.
[leanab]: [*lenvo-]; from [lean]? Corm. gives also [lelap], which, as
to termination, agrees with G.
leanaban
. Cf.
alofurmoai
.
leann
, ale, see [lionn].
leannan
, a sweetheart, Ir. [leannán], a
concubine, E.Ir. [lennan], [lendan], concubine, favourite: [lex-no-],
root [leg], lie, as in [laigh]? From [lionn]; cf. [òlach]?
lear
, the sea (poetical word), Ir. [lear],
E.Ir. [ler], W. [llyr]: [*liro-], root [li], flow, as in [lighe],
flood. Stokes gives the Celtic as [lero-s], but offers no further
derivation.
learag
, larch; from Sc. [larick], Eng.
[larch], from Lat. [larix] ([*darix]), as in [darach], q.v.).
learg
, ,leirg>, plain, hillside, Ir. [learg],
E.Ir. [lerg], a plain; cf. Lat. [largus], Eng. [large].
learg
, diver bird (Carm.):
leas
, advantage, Ir. [leas], O.Ir. [less], W.
[lles], Cor. [les], Br. [laz]: [*lesso-], root [pled], fruit; Slav.
[plodŭ], fruit (Stokes, Bez.).
leas-
, nick-, step-, Ir. [leas-], O.Ir.
[less-], W. [llys-] (W. [llysenw] = G. [leas-ainm]), Br. [les-]; same
as [leas] above: "additional". Cf. Fr. use of [beau], [belle] for
[step-]. Stokes suggests [*liss-], blame, root [leid], Gr.
loidoréw
, revile (Lat. [ludere]?); others compare
[leas-] to Ger. [laster], vice (see [lochd]); Bez. queries connection
with Ag.S. [lesve], false, Norse [lasinn], half-broken.
leasg
,
leisg
, lazy, Ir.
[leasg], O.Ir. [lesc], W. [llesg]: [*lesko-s]; Norse [löskr], weak,
idle, O.H.G. [lescan], become extinguished, Ger. [erloschen]
(Stokes). Brugmann and other give stem as [*led-sco-], comparing Got.
[latz], lazy, Eng. [late], to which Norse [löskr] may be referred
([*latkwa-z]); root [lêd], [lad].
&ecom;linnuw
, rest (Zeit.
34
, 531).
leasraidh
, loins, Ir. [leasruigh], pl. of
[leasrach]; see [leis].
leathad
, declivity hillside; cf. Ir.
[leathad], breadth. See [leud].
leathan
, broad, so Ir., O.Ir. [lethan], W.
[llydan], O.W. [litan], Br. [ledan], Gaul. [litano-s]: [*&ldot;tano-s],
Gr.
platús
, broad; Skr. [práthas],
breadth; Lat. [planta], sole of the foot, sprout: root [plet], [plat],
extend.
leathar
, leather, so Ir., E.Ir. [lethar], W.
[lledr], M.Br. [lezr], Br. [ler]: [*letro-]; Eng. [leather], Ger.
[leder], Norse [leðr]. To prove that the Teutons borrowed this word
from the Celts, it is asserted that the original Celtic is
[*(p)letro-], root [pel] of Gr.
pella
,
hide, Eng. [fell].
leatrom
, burden, weight,
leatromach
pregnant, Ir. [leathtrom] burden, pregnancy;
from [leth] and [trom].
leibhidh
, race, generation (McIthich, 1685);
from Eng. [levy]?
leibhidh
, amount of stock (Carm.):
leibid
, a trifle, dirt,
leibideach
, trifling, Ir. [libideach], dirty, awkward.
léideach
, strong, shaggy, Ir. [léidmheach],
strong (O'B.), O.Ir. [létenach], audax:
leig
let Ir. [léigim], O.Ir. [léiccim],
[lécim]: [*leingiô]; Lat. [linquo]; Gr.
leípw
: Got. [leihvan], Eng. [loan].
léigh
, a physician,
leigheas
, a cure, Ir. [léigheas], M.Ir. [leges]; see
[lighiche].
léine
, a shirt, so Ir., E.Ir. [léne], g.
[lénith], pl. [lénti]: [*leinet-], from [lein], [lîn]; Lat. [lînum],
flax, Eng. [linen], Sc. [linder]; Gr.
l&iibre;ta
, cloth
línon
, flax. See [lìon]. Strachan refers it, on
the analogy of [deur] = [dakro-], to [laknet-], root [lak], of Lat.
[lacerna], cloak, [lacinia], lappet.
léir
, sight, Ir. [léir], sight, clear, O.Ir.
[léir], conspicuous. If Strachan's phonetics are right, this may be
for [*lakri-], root [lak], see, show, W. [llygat], eye, Cor. [lagat],
Br. [lagad], eye, Skr. [lakshati], see, show, O.H.G. [luogên] (do.),
as in [las], q.v.
léir
,
gu léir
, altogether,
Ir. [léir], M.Ir. [léir], complete, W. [llwyr], total, altogether:
[*leiri-s]:
léir
, torment, to pain: [*lakro-], root
[lak], as in Lat. [lacero] lacerate?
leirg
, a plain; see [learg].
leirist
, a foolish, senseless person slut
(
leithrist
):
leis
, thigh, Ir. [leas], [leis], hip, O.Ir.
[less], clunis; [*lexa], root [lek]; Eng. [leg], Gr.
láx
, kicking (St.). Nigra connects it with
[leth], side. See [slios].
leisdear
, arrow-maker; from the Eng.
[fletcher], from Fr. [flèche], arrow. See [fleasg].
leisg
, laziness, lazy, Ir. [leisg] (n.); see
[leasg].
leisgeul
, excuse; from [leth] and [sgeul],
"half-story".
leithid
, the like, so Ir., E.Ir. [lethet];
from [leth], half, side.
leithleag
,
léileag
print
for frocks:
leitir
, a hillside slope, E.Ir. [lettir], G.
[lettrach], W. [llethr], slope: [*lettrek-]. It may be from
[*leth-tír], "country-side", or from [let] of [leathan]; cf. W.
[lleth], flattened, "broadened".
leòb
, a piece, shred, Ir. [léab] a piece,
[leadhb], a patch of old leather. M.Ir. [ledb]: [*led-bo-]; for root
[led], cf. [leathar]? Hence
leòb
, a hanging lip,
leòbag
,
lèabag
, a flounder. Cf.
Norse [leppr], a rag (Craigie).
leobhar
, long clumsy; see [leabhar].
leòcach
, sneaking, low:
leòdag
, a slut, prude, flirt:
leog
, a slap in the head (M`D.):
leogach
, hanging loosely, slovenly:
leòir
, enough, Ir., E.Ir. [leòr], [lór],
O.Ir. [lour], W. [llawer], many: [*lavero-], root [lav], [lau], gain,
Lat. [lûcrum], gain, Laverna, Skr. [lóta], booty, Eng. [loot], etc.
Stokes refers W. [llawer] to the comparative stem of [plê], full; see
[liuth].
leòm
, conceit,
leòmais
,
dilly-dallying; cf. Ir. [leoghaim], I flatter, [leom], prudery.
leómann
, mothe, Ir. [leomhan], [léamhann],
E.Ir. [legam].
[leómhann
,
leoghann
, lion,
Ir. [leomhan], O.Ir. [leoman]; from Lat. [leo], [leonem].
leòn
, wound, Ir. [leónaim], E.Ir. [lénaim],
wound, [lén], hurt; this Strachan refers to [*lakno-], root [lak],
tear, as in Lat. [lacero], lacerate, Gr.
lakís
, a rent. But cf. [leadradh], E.Ir. [leod],
cutting, killing, [*ledu], root [led], [ledh], fell, Lat. [labi], Eng.
[lapse].
leth
, side, half, Ir., O.Ir. [leth], W.
[lled], O.Br. [let]: [*letos]; Lat. [latus]. Brugmann refers it to
the root [plet], broad, of [lethan].
leth-aon
, twin,
leth-uan
:
E.Ir. [emuin], twins, [*jemnos]:
lethbhreac
, a correlative, equal, match; from
[leth] and [breac](?).
lethcheann
(pron.
lei'chean
), the side of the head, cheek; from [leth]
and [ceann], with ossibly a leaning on the practically lost [leac],
[leacann], cheek.
leud
,
lèad
, breadth, Ir.
[leithead], O.Ir. [lethet]; see [leathan].
leug
, a precious stone, Ir. [liag], a stone,
M.Ir. [lég], [lég-lógmar], O.Ir. [lia], g. [liacc]: [*lêvink-]; Gr.
l&aibre;igx
, g.
láiggos
, a small stone,
l&aibre;as
, stone; Ger. [lei], stone, rock, Ital.
[lavagna], slate, schist.
leug
, laziness, lazy, slow; see [sléig].
leugh
,
lèagh
, read, Ir.
[léaghaim], M.Ir. [légim], O.Ir. [legim], [rolég], legit, [legend],
reading; from Lat. [l&ebreve;go], I read, Eng. [lecture], etc.
leum
, a jump, Ir., O.Ir. [léim], [léimm], W.
[llam], Br. [lam], O.Br. [lammam], salio: [*lengmen-], O.Ir. vb.
[lingim], I spring, root [leg], [leng]; Skr. [langhati], leap, spring;
M.H.G. [lingen], go forward, Eng. [light], etc. The O.Ir. perfect
tense [leblaing] has made some give the root as [vleng], [vleg], Skr.
[valg], spring, Lat. [valgus], awry, Eng. [walk]; and some give the
root as [svleng], from [svelg]. It is difficult to see how the
v
or [sv] before
l
was lost
before
l
in [leum].
leus
,
lias
, a torch,
light, Ir. [leus], E.Ir. [lés], [léss], O.Ir. [lésboire], lightbearer:
[*plent-to-], from [plend], [splend], Lat. [splendeo], Eng.
[splendid] (Strachan). Cf. W. [llwys], clear, pure.
lì
, colour, O.Ir. [lí], [líi], W. [lliw] Cor.
[liu], colour, Br. [liou], O.Br. [liou], [liu]: [*lîvos-]; Lat.
[lîvor], [lividus], Eng. [livid]. ++
lia
, a stone,
O.Ir. [lia], g. [liacc]; see [leug].
liagh
, a ladle, Ir., M.Ir. [liach], O.Ir.
[liag], trulla, scoop, W. [llwy], spoon, spattle, Cor. [loe], Br.
[loa]: [leigâ], ladle, root [leigh], [ligh], lick (as in [limlich],
q.v.); Lat. [ligula], spoon, ladle.
liath
, gray, so Ir., E.Ir. [líath], W.
[llwyd], canus, O.Br. [loit], M.Br. [loet]: [*leito-], [*pleito-],
for [*peleito-]; Gr.
pelitnós
, livid;
Skr. [palitá], gray; Lat. [pallidus]; Eng. [fallow], Ag.S. [fealo],
yellow. Cf. O.Fr. [liart], dark grey, Sc. [lyart] ([*leucardus]?).
liathroid
, a ball (M`D., [liaroid]):
liatrus
, blue-mould,
liathlas
,
liatas
: [liath]+?
lid
,
liod
, a syllable,
lisp,
lideach
,
liotach
, lisping,
Ir. [liotadh], a lisp (Fol.); cf. Gr.
litc/
, prayer, Lat. [lito], placate.
lidh
, steep grassy slope: N. [hlið]?
ligeach
, sly; from the Sc. [sleekie],
[sleekit], sly, smooth, Eng. [sleek].
lighe
, a flood, overflow, Ir., E.Ir. [lia],
O.Ir. [lie], eluvio, W. [lli], flood, stream, [lliant], fluctus,
fluentum, Br. [livad], inundation; root [lî], [leja], flow; Skr.
[riyati], let run; Lit. [lë/ti], gush; Gr.
límnc
, lake,
le&iibre;os
, smooth, Lat. [levis], level, [lîmus],
mud; etc. Stokes hesitates between root [li] and roots [pleu] (Eng.
[flow]) and [lev], [lav], Lat. [lavo], [luo].
lighiche
, a physician, Ir. [liaigh], g.
[leagha], E.Ir. [liaig], O.Ir. [legib], medicis: Got. [leikeis], Eng.
[leech].
lìnig
, lining; form the Eng.
linn
, an age, century, offspring, Ir. [linn],
O.Ir. [línn], [lín], pars, numerus: [*lûnu-], from [plên], as in
[lìon], fill (Brug.), q.v.
linne
, a pool, linn Ir. [linn], E.Ir. [lind],
W. [llyn], M.W. [linn], Cor. [lin], Br. [lenn]: [*linnos], root [li],
[lî], flow; Gr.
límnc
, lake, etc.; see
[lighe].
linnean
, shoemaker's thread; from Sc.
[lingan], [lingel], from Fr. [lingneul], Lat. [*lineolum], [linea],
Eng. [line].
linnseag
, shroud, penance shirt; founded on
the Eng. [linsey].
liobarnach
, slovenly, awkward, so Ir.;
founded on Eng. [slippery]?
liobasda
, slovenly, awkward, so Ir.; see
[slibist].
liobh
, love (Carm.):
liod
,
lide
, syllable; see
[lid].
lìomh
, polish, Ir. [líomhaim], [liomhaim],
M.Ir. [límtha], polished, sharpened, W. [llifo], grind, whet, saw;
Lat. [lîmo], polish whet, [lîmatus], polished, root [lî], [lei],
smooth, flow.
lìon
, flax, lint, Ir. [líon], E.Ir. [lín], W.
[llin], Cor., Br. [lin]: [*lînu-]; Lat. [lînum], flax; Gr.
línon
, flax,
l&iibre;ta
, cloth; Got. [lein], O.H.G. [līn];
Ch.Sl. [l&ibreve;nŭ]; root [lei], [li], smooth, flow.
lìon
, a net, Ir. [líon], O.Ir. [lín]; from
the above word.
lìon
, fill, Ir. [líonaim], O.Ir. [línaim]:
[*lênô], [*plênô]; Lat. [plênus], full; Gr.
plc/rcs
, full; root [plê], [plâ], as in [làn],
q.v. Hence
lìonar
,
lìonmhor
,
numerous.
lìon
,
cia lìon
, how many;
same as [linn], O.Ir. [lín].
lionn
,
leann
, ale, so Ir.,
O.Ir. [lind], M.Ir. [lind dub], W. [llyn]: [*lennu-]; same root and
form (so far) as [linne], q.v. This is proved by its secondary use in
G. and Ir. for "humours, melancholy". Stokes suggests for both
connection with Gr.
pladarós
, moist.
lìonradh
, gravy, juice; from [lìon],
"fullness"?
lios
, a garden, Ir. [lios], a fort,
habitation, E.Ir. [liss], [less], enclosure, habitation, W. [llys],
aula, palatium, Br. [les], court, O.Br. [lis]: [*&ldot;sso-s], a dwelling
enclosed by an earthen wall, root [plet], broad, Eng. [place], Gr.
platús
, broad; O.H.G. [flezzi], house
floor, Norse [flet], a flat. For root, see [leathan].
liosda
, slow, tedious, importunate, so Ir.,
M.Ir. [liosta], [lisdacht], importunity, E.Ir. [lista] slow:
[*li-sso-], root [li], smooth, Gr.
lissós
, smooth,
le&iibre;os
, as in [lighe].
liosraig
, smooth, press (as cloth after
weaving), dress,
sliosraig
(Badenoch); compare the
above word for root and stem.
liotach
, stammering, lisping. See [lid].
lip
,
liop
liob
, a lip Ir. [liob]; from Eng. [lip].
lipinn
,
lìpinn
, a lippie,
fourth of a peck; from Sc. [lippie].
lìrean
, a species of marine fungus (H.S.D.):
lit
, porridge, M.Ir. [lité], E.Ir. [littiu],
g. [litten], W. [llith], mash: [*littiôn-] (Stokes), [*p&ldot;t-tiô],
from [pelt], [polt], Gr.
póltos
,
porridge, Lat. [puls], [pultis], pottage.
litir
, a letter, so Ir., E.Ir. [liter], W.
[llythyr], Br. [lizer]; from Lat. [litera].
liubhar
(H.S.D.
liùbhar
),
deliver; from the Lat. [libero], Eng. [liberate].
liùg
, a lame hand or foot sneaking look, Ir.
[liug] a sneaking or lame gait, [liugaire], cajoler, G.
liùgair
(do.):
liuth
,
liutha
,
liuthad
, many, many a, so many, Ir., O.Ir. [lia], more,
O.W. [liaus], Br. [liez]: [*(p)lêjôs], from [plê] full, Gr.
pleíwn
; Lat. [plus], [plûres], older [pleores];
Norse [fleiri], more.
liùth
, a lythe; from the Sc.
liuthail
,
liuil
, bathing,
from [liu], [li], water (Carm.); M.Ir. [lia], flood (Stokes, 249).
loban
,
lòban
,
lòpan
, a creel for dyring corn basket, wooden frame put
inside corn-stacks to keep them dry, basekt peat-cart, peat-creel;
from N. [laupr] basket timber frame of a building, Shet. [loopie],
Ag.S. [léap].
lobanach
, draggled,
lobair
, draggle; from
lob
, puddle
(Armstrong): [*loth-bo-], [loth] of [lòn] q.v.?
lobh
, putrefy Ir. [lobhaim], O.Ir. [lobat],
putrescant, inf. [lobad], root [lob], wither waste; Lat. [lâbi] to
fall, [lâbes], ruin, Eng. [lapse].
lobhar
, a leper, so Ir., O.Ir. [lobur],
infirmus, W. [llwfr], feeble, O.W. [lobur], debile, M.Br. [loffr],
leprous, Br. [laour], [lovr], [lor], leper. For root see above word.
lobht
, a loft, Manx [lout], Ir. [lota]
(Connaught); from Norse [lopt], Eng. [loft].
locair
, plane (carpenter's), Ir. [locar];
from Norse [lokar], Ag.S. [locer].
loch
, a lake, loch, Ir., E.Ir. [loch]:
[*loku-]; Lat. [lacus]; Gr. [lákkos], pit.
lochd
, a fault, so Ir., O.Ir. [locht],
crimen: [*loktu-], root [lok], [lak], Gr.
lak-
,
láskw
, cry;
O.H.G. [lahan], blame, Ag.S. [leahan], Ger. [laster], a fault, vice,
Norse [löstr]. Eng. [lack], [leak], [*lak]?
lochdan
, a little amount (of sleep), Ir.
[lochdain], a nap, wink of sleep (Arran and Eigg, [lochd]):
lòchran
, a torch, light, Ir. [lóchrann],
O.Ir. [lócharn], [lúacharn], W. [llugorn], Cor. [lugarn]:
[*loukarnâ], root [louq], [leuq], light; Lat. [lŭcerna], lamp,
[lux], light; Gr.
leukós
, white.
lod
,
lodan
, a puddle, Ir.
[lodan]: [*lusdo-], [*lut-s], root [lut], [lu], Lat. [lutum], mud,
Gr.
l&uibre;ma
, filth.
lòd
, a load, Ir. [lód]; from the Eng.
lodhainn
, a pack (of dogs) a number: "a
leash"; see [lomhainn].
lodragan
, a clumsy old man, plump boy:
logais
,
logaist
, awkward,
unwieldy person, loose slipper or old shoe (Arg.); from Eng. [log].
Cf. Sc. [loggs]. Eng. [luggage]?
logar
, sea swash (Lewis):
logh
, pardon, Ir. [loghadh] (n.), E.Ir.
[logaim], O.Ir. [doluigim]. Stokes refers it to the root of [leagh],
melt.
lòghar
, excellent:
loguid
, a varlet, rascal, soft fellow, M.Ir.
[locaim], I flinch from:
loibean
, one who works in all weathers and
places; cf. [làib], under [làban].
loiceil
, foolishly fond, doting, Ir.
[loiceamhlachd], [lóiceamhlachd] (O'B.), dotage:
loigear
, an untidy person, ragged one:
lòine
, a lock of fine wool, tuft of snow: Cf.
lahnc
;
loinid
, churn staff, Ir., M.Ir. [loinid].
Stokes takes from N. [hlunnr]. O.R. has [lunn], churn-dasher.
lòinidh
, rheumatism,
greim-lòinidh
:
loinn
, good condition, charm, comeliness,
joy, Ir. [loinn], joy, M.Ir. [lainn], bright; from [plend], Lat.
[splendeo], Eng. [splendid]. Hence
loinnear
,
bright. So Stokes.
loinn
, glade, area; oblique form of [lann],
the locative case in place names.
loinn
, a badge; a corruption of [sloinn]?
loinnear
, bright, elegant, E.Ir. [lainderda],
glittering: [*lasno-], from [las], flame, q.v.? Cf. [lonnrach]. See
[loinn].
loinneas
, a wavering:
loirc
, wallow,
loir
(Perth):
loirc
, a deformed foot,
lorcach
, lame; cf. [lurc], [lorc].
loireag
, a beautiful, hary cow; a plump girl,
pan-cake, water-nymph (Carm.); cf. [lur], [lurach].
loireanach
, male child just able to walk; cf.
[luran].
lòiseam
, pomp show:
loisneach
, cunning: "foxy"; Ir. [loisi],
[los], a fox: [*luxo-]; Gr.
lúgx
, lynx,
O.H.G. [luhs], Ag.S. [lox], lynx.
loistean
, a lodging, tent, Ir. [lóistín];
from the Eng. [lodging].
loithreach
, ragged (Hend.):
lom
, bare, Ir. [lom], O.Ir. [lomm], W.
[llwm]: [*lummo-], [*lups-mo-], root [lup], peel, break off; Lit.
[lupti], peel, Ch.Sl. [lupiti], detrahere; Skr. [lumpami], cut off.
Hes. has Gr.
lumnós
=
gumnós
, which Stokes suggests alternately. Hence
lomradh
, fleecing, O.Ir. [lommraim], tondeo,
abrado, [lommar], bared, stripped; which last Stokes compares rather
to Lat. [lamberat], scindit ac laniat.
lombair
, bare; cf. O.Ir. [lommar], bared (see
[lom]). Possibly the
b
is intrusive, as in Eng.
[number], [slumber].
lomchar
, bare place; from [lom] and [cuir],
[cor].
lomhainn
, a leash, Ir. [comna], a cord
(O'Cl.), O.Ir. [loman], funis, lorum, W. [llyfan], Cor. [louan], Br.
[louffan], tether: [*lomanâ].
lomhair
, brilliant:
lomnochd
, naked, so Ir., E.Ir. [lomnocht];
from [lom] and [nochd], naked.
lompair
, a bare plain; see [lombair], which
is another spelling of this word.
lompais
, niggardliness, Ir. [lompais]; from
[*lommas], from [lom].
lòn
, food, Ir., M.Ir. [lón], O.Ir. [lóon],
adeps, commeatus, O.Br. [lon], adeps: [*louno-]. Strachan and Stokes
cf. O.Sl. [plŭti], caro, Lat. [plutà], a crust, Lettic [pluta],
a bowel. Bez. queries if it is allied to L.Ger. [flôm], raw suet,
O.H.G. [floum]. It was usual to refer it to the same root as Gr.
plo&uibre;tos
, wealth; and Ernault has
suggested connection with [blonag] ([*vlon]), which is unlikely.
lòn
, marsh, mud, meadow (Arg.), water (Skye):
[*lut-no-], root [lut], muddy O.Ir. [loth], mud, Lat. [lutum]; further
root [lu], [lou], as in [lod]. It may be from [*louno-], with the
same root; cf. M.Ir. [conluan], hounds' excrement.
lon
,
lon-dubh
, the
blackbird, Ir., M.Ir., O.Ir. [lon]. Stokes refers it to [*lux-no-]
(root [leuq], light, Lat. [lux], etc.), but this in the G. would give
[lonn].
lon
, elk, M.G. [lon] (D.of L.), Ir. [lon]:
[*lono-]; cf. O.Slav. [lani], hind, and, further, Celtic [*elanî], roe
(see [eilid]).
lon
, a rope of raw hides (St Kilda): possibly
a condensation of [lomhainn]
lon
,
lon-chraois
,
gluttony, M.Ir. [con cráis]. Kuno Keyer, ([Vision of M`Conglinne])
translates [lon] separately as "demon". For [craois] see [craos].
[lon], water (Carm.) + [craos]?
lon
, prattle, forwardness, Ir. [lonaigh], a
scoff, jest, W. [llon], cheerful: [*luno-], root [lu], [lav], enjoy,
win, W. [llawen], merry; Gr.
&acom;polaúw
,
enjoy; Got. [laun], reward. See further under [luach].
[làn-aighear], boisterous mirth (Wh.)?
long
, a ship Ir. [long], E.Ir. [long], vessel
(vas), ship W. [llong], ship: [*longâ]; Norse [lung], ship (Bez.); cf.
Lat. [lagena], flagon (Stokes). Usually supposed to be borrowed from
Lat. (navis) [longa], war ship. Cf. Ptolemy's River
Lóggos
, the Norse [Skipafjörðr, now Loch Long.
[*plugnâ]? Eng. [fly]?
longadh
, a diet, so Ir. E.Ir. [longad],
eating; a side form of [slug], which see for root.
longphort
, harbour, camp, palace, Ir.
[longphort] (do.); from [long] + [port]. Hence
lùchairt
, palace; [longart], [lunkart], in placenames.
lonn
, timber put under a boat for launching
it; from Norse [hlunnr], a roller for launching ships.
lonn
, anger, fierce, strong, Ir. [lonn],
O.Ir. [lond], wild. Stokes ([Zeit].
30
, 557)
doubtfully suggests connection with Skr. [randhayati], destroy,
torment.
lonnrach
, glittering, so Ir.; cf. [loinnir].
[lònrach], well fed (Hend.).
lòpan
, soft, muddy place (Suth.): see
làban
.
lorc
, shank (Carm.):
lorg
, a staff, Ir., E.Ir. [lorg], Cor.
[lorc'h], baculus, Br. [lorc'hen], temo: [*lorgo-], Norse [lurkr], a
cudgel (Bez., Cam.).
lorg
, track, footstep, Ir., E.Ir. [lorg],
O.Ir. [lorc], trames, [lorgarecht], indago, W. [llyr], course duct,
Cor. [lergh], [lerch] Br. [lerc'h], track: [*lorgo-]. Bez. compares
L.Ger. [lurken], creep. Rhys adds W. [llwrw], direction ([Manx
Pray.]
2
, 127).
los
, purpose, sake, Ir., E.Ir. [los] sake,
behalf, part, M.Ir. [los], growth; [a los], "about to" (Wh.); [in
doghran losleathan], beaver (ooter of broad tail), Ir. [los], tail,
end (O'Cl), W. [llost], Br. [lost], [*losto-], [lostâ]:
losaid
, a kneading trough, Ir. [losad], E.Ir.
[lossat]: [*lossantâ], [*lok-s-], root [lok], [lek]; Gr.
lékos
, a dish, pot; Lit [lekmene@?], a puddle;
Lat. [lanx], dish.
losgadh
, a burning, Ir. [loscadh], E.Ir.
[loscud], W. [llosg], urere, Cor. [losc] (n.) Br. [losk]: [*loskô], I
burn, [*lopskô], root, [lop], [lap]; Gr.
lámpw
, shine; O.Pruss. [lopis] flame, Lett.
[lapa], pine-torch (Stokes). See [lasair], to whose root it is
usually referred.
losgann
, a toad, Ir. [loscain], E.Ir.
[loscann]; from [losg] above, so named from the acrid secretions of
its skin.
lot
, wound, so Ir., E.Ir. [lot], damage,
[loitim], laedo: [*lottô], [*lut-to-], root [lut], [lu], cut; Skr.
[lû-], cut; Gr.
lúw
, loose; Eng. [loss],
[lose]; Pruss. [au-laut], die. Stokes refers it to a stem [*lud-nó-],
root [lud], Teut. root [lut], Eng. [lout], [little],
Norse [lúta], to lout, bow, Ag.S. [lot], dolus, etc.
lot
, share, etc., one's croft (Lewis):
loth
, a colt, Manx, [lhiy], W. [llwdn], young
of deer, sheep, swine, hens, etc., Cor. [lodn] (do.), M.Br. [lozn],
beast, Br. [loen], animal: [*pluto-], [*plutno-]; cf. Lat. [pullus],
foal, Eng. [filly].
loth
, marsh (Suth.), O.Ir. [loth], mud; see
further under [lòn]. Hence [Loth], parish.
lothail
, the plant brook-lime, Ir. [lothal]
(O'B.), [lochal]:
luach
, worth, value, Ir. [luach] O.Ir. [lóg],
[luach]: [*lougos], root [lou], [lû], gain; Lat. [lûcrum], gain,
[Laverna], the thieves' goddess; Got. [laun], a reward, Ag.S. [léan]
(do.); O.Slav. [lovŭ], catching.
luachair
, rushes, Ir., E.Ir. [luachair]:
"light-maker", from [louk], light (Lat. [lux], etc.), M.W. [lleu
babir], rush-light.
luadh
, fulling cloth; cf. Ir. [luadh],
motion, moving, root [ploud] (Lit. [plaudz@?u], wash, Eng. [fleet]), a
side-form of the root of [luath]. But compare [dol].
luaidh
, mention, speaking, Ir. [luadh], O.Ir.
[luad]: [*laudo-]; Lat. [laus], [laudis], praise. Hence
luaidh
, beloved one: "spoken or thought of one".
luaidh
, lead, Ir., M.Ir. [luaidhe]:
[*loudiâ]; Eng. [lead], Ag.S. [léad] ([*lauda-]), Ger. [loth].
luaimear
, a prattler, Ir. [luaimearachd],
volubility; see next word.>>
luaineach
, restless, Ir. [luaimneach], E.Ir.
[luamnech], volatile (as birds), [lúamain], flying; root [ploug], fly;
Eng. [fly], Ger. [fliegen], Norse [fljúga].
luaireagan
, a grovelling person, a fire-fond
child; from [luaith], ashes: "one in sackcloth and ashes"?
luaisg
, move, wave,
luasgadh
(n.), Ir. [luasgaim], M.Ir. [luascad], O.Br.
[luscou], oscilla, Br. [luskella], to rock: [*louskô], [*ploud-sko-],
root [ploud] or [plout], [plou], go, flow, move, as in [luath], q.v.
Bez. queries connection with Lit. [plúskát], [plúkt], pluck, tear.
luan
, moon, Monday, so Ir.; M.Ir., O.Ir.
[luan], moon, Monday: [*loukno-], Lat. [lux], [luceo], [lûna], moon.
The Gadelic is possibly borrowed from Lat. Ir. [go lá an Luain], till
doomsday.
luaran
, a dizziness, faint:
luath
, ashes, Ir. [luaith], E.Ir. [lúaith],
W. [lludw], Cor. [lusu], Br. [ludu]: [*loutvi-]. Bez. queries if it
is allied to Ger. [lodern], to flame.
luath
, swift, Ir. [luath], O.Ir. [lúath]:
[*louto-], root [plout], [plou], go, flow, be swift; Eng. [fleet],
Norse [fljótr], swift (root [pleud]); Gr.
pléw
, I sail; Lat. [pluit], it rains; Skr.
[plavate], swim, fly.
lùb
, bend, Ir., M.Ir. [lúbaim], E.Ir.
[lúpaim] ([ro-lúpstair], they bent, L.Leinster): [lúbbô], root [leub],
[lub]; Eng. [loop], M.Eng. [loupe], noose;
lugízw
see [lag]. Skeat regards the Eng. as
borrowed from the Celtic. Hence
lùib
, a fold,
creek, angle.
luch
, a mouse, Ir., O.Ir. [luch], g.
[lochat], W. [llyg], [llygoden], Corn. [logoden], Br. [logodenn], pl.
[logod]: [*lukot-], [*pluko-], "gray-one"; Lit. [pilkas], gray,
[pele], mouse; root [pel], [pol], gray, as under [liath]. Stokes
refers it to the Gadelic root [luko-], dark (read [lauko-] or
[louko-]), whence E.Ir. [loch] (read [lóch]), which he takes from I.E.
[leuq], shine (Lat. [lux], etc.), comparing W. [llwg], vivid, blotchy,
to which add W. [llug], blotch, dawning. From this obsolete G. word
[lóch], dark, comes the name of the rivers [Lòchaidh], Adamnan's
[Nigra Dea] or [Loch-dae], which we may take as the G. form of it from
another of his references.
lùchairt
, a palace, castle; see [longphort].
luchd
, people, Ir. [luchd], O.Ir. [lucht], W.
[llwyth], tribe: [*lukto-], from [plug], [pulg], Eng. [folk], Ger.
[volk], whence O.Slov. [pluku], a troop.
luchd
, a burden, Ir. [luchd], E.Ir. [lucht],
W. [llywth] a load: [lukto-]. The O.W. [tluith] (or
[maur-dluithruim], multo vecte) has suggested [*tlukto-], allied to
Lat. [tollo], raise (Stokes). Eng. [flock]?
lùdag
, the little finger, Ir. [lughadóg],
O.Ir. [lúta], dat. [lútain]: [*lûddôn-], root [lûd], [lud], Eng.
[little], Ag.S. [lýtel], O.H.G. [luzil]; root [lu], [lû], Eng. [loss],
[-less], Gr.
lúw
, etc.
lùdag
,
lùdan
,
lùdnan
, a hinge,
ludanan
, hinges,
Ir. [lúdrach] (Fol.), [ludach] [ludann] (O'R.):
ludair
, a slovenly person,
ludraig
, bespatter with mud,
luidir
,
wallow Ir. [ludar] (n.), [ludair] (vb.); two words from [lod], mud,
and [luid], rag.
ludhaig
, permit, allow: from the Eng.
['lowing], [allowing]. [lughaic], stipulate for (Hend.).
lùgach
, having crooked legs,
lùgan
, a deformed person,
lùigean
, a
weakling: [*lûggo-], root [leug], [lug], bend, Gr.
lugízw
, bend, Lit. [lugnas], pliant.
lugh
, swear, blaspheme, O.Ir. [luige], oath,
W. [llw], Br. [le]: [*lugio-n], oath, "binding"; Got. [liugan], wed,
O.H.G. [urliugi], lawless condition, Ag.S. [orlege], war.
lugh
, a joint (M`A.),
luighean
, a tendon, ankle, Ir. [luthach], joints,
[luighéan], a nave, M.Ir. [luíthech], sinew.
lugha
, less, Ir. [lugha], O.Ir. [lugu],
[laigiu], positive, [lau], [lú], little, W. [llai], less, from [llei],
Br. [lei], from [lau]: [*legiôs], from [*legu-s], little: Lat.
[levis]; Gr.
&ecom;lahús
, little; Skr.
[laghá-s], light, Eng. [light].
luibh
, an herb, Ir. [luibh], O.Ir. [luib],
[lubgort], herb-garden, garden, W. [lluarth], garden, Cor. [luvorth],
Br. [liorz], garden: [*lubi-], herb; Norse [lyf], herb, Got.
[lubja-leisei], witchcraft, "herb-lore", O.H.G. [luppi], poison,
magic, Ag.S. [lyb] (do.).
luid
,
luideag
, a rag, a
slut, Ir. [luid]: [*luddi], root [lu], cut, lose, as under [lot].
luidhear
, a vent, chimney, louvre, W.
[llwfer]; from M.Eng. [louere], [lover], smoke-hole, O.Fr. [lover].
The Norse [ljóri], a louvre or roof-opening is from [ljós], light.
luidse
, a clumsy fellow; from the Sc.
[lotch], lout, [louching], louting.
lùigean
, a weak person; see [lúgach].
luigh
, lie; see [laigh].
luighean
, an ankle; cf. E.Ir. [lua], foot,
kick, O.Ir. [lue], heel:
luighe-siùbhladh
(
laighe-siùbhladh
), child-bed, Ir. [luidhsiúbhail]
(Fol.), M.Ir. [ben siuil], parturient woman, [luige seola], child-bed.
Stokes refers [siuil] to M.Ir. [siul], bed, and compares the Eng.
phrase [to be brought a-bed]. The G. and Ir. seem against this, for
the idea of [luighe-siùbhladh] would then be "bed-lying"; still worse
is it when [leabaidh-shiùladh] is used. Consider [siubhal], bearing.
luigheachd
, requital, reward: [*lugi-], root
[lug], [loug], as in [luach].
luim
, a shift, contrivance:
luimneach
, active (Smith's S.D.); cf.
[luaineach].
luinneag
, a ditty, Ir. [luinnioc], chorus,
glee, M.Ir. [luindiuc], [luindig], music-making; [*lundo-], root
[lud], as in [laoidh], Eng. [lay]?
luinneanach
, tossing, floundering, paddling
about; see [lunn], a heaving billow.
luinnse
, luinnsear>, a sluggard, lazy
vagrant, Ir. [lunnsaire], idler, watcher; from Eng. [lungis]
(obsolete), [lounger].
lùir
, torture, drub (M`A.); see [laoir].
lùireach
, a coat of mail, Ir. [lúireach],
E.Ir. [lúirech], w. [llurig]; from Lat. [lôrîca], from [lôrum], a
thong. Hence
lùireach
, a patched garment, an
untidy female.
luirist
, an untidy person, tall and pithless:
lum
, part of the oar between the handle and
blade; from N. [hlumr], handle of an oar.
luma-làn
, choke-full, also
lom-làn
and
lumha-lan
(Hend.); from
[lom]+[làn].
luman
, a covering, great-coat, Ir. [lumain],
E.Ir. [lumman] (g. [lumne], M`Con.). In some dialects it also means a
"beating", that is a "dressing".
lùnasd
,
lùnasdal
,
lùnasdainn
, Lammas, first August, Ir. [lughnas],
August, E.Ir. [lúgnasad], Lammas-day: "festival of Lug"; from [Lug],
the sun-god of the Gael, whose name Stokes connects with Ger.
[locken], allure, Norse [lokka] (do.), and also [Loki](?). E.Ir.
[nassad], festival (?), is referred by Rhys to the same origin as Lat.
[nexus], and he translates [lúgnasad] as "Lug's wedding" ([Hib.Lect],
416).
lunn
, a staff, oar-handle, lever; from Norse
[hlunnr], launching roller. See [lonn]. Dial.
lund
lunn
, a heaving billow (not broken); also
lonn
. See [lonn], anger.
lunndair
, a sluggard; cf. Fr. [lendore], an
idle fellow, from M.H.G. [lentern], go slow, Du. [lentern]. Br.
[landar], idle, is borrowed from the Fr.
lunndan
, a smooth grassy plot (possibly
"marshy spot", Rob.). Hence place-name [An Lunndan].
lunndraig
, thump, beat; from the Sc.
[lounder], beat, [loundering], a drubbing.
lur
, delight,
lurach
,
lovely,
luran
, darling, a male child; [*luru-],
root [lu], [lau], enjoy, as in [lon].
lurc
, a crease in cloth; from Sc. [lirk], a
crease, M.Eng. [lerke], wrinkle.
lurcach
, lame in the feet; see [loirc].
lùrdan
, cunning, a sly fellow; from Sc.
[lurdane], worthless person, M.Eng. [lourdain], lazy rascal, from
O.Fr. [lourdein] (n.), [lourd], dirty, sottish, from Lat. [luridum].
lurg
,
lurgann
, a shank,
Ir., E.Ir. [lurgu] g. [lurgan]; W. [llorp], [llorf], shank, shaft.
lus
, an herb, plant, Ir. [lus] E.Ir. [luss],
pl. [lossa], W. [llysiau] herbs, Cor. [les], Br. [louzaouen]:
[*lussu-], from [*lubsu-], root [lub] of [luibh].
luspardan
, a pigmy sprite, Martin's
[Lusbirdan]; from [lugh] little (see [lugha]), and [spiorad].
lùth
strength, pith, Ir. [lúth], E.Ir.
[lúth]; cf. O.Ir. [lúth], velocity, motion, from the root [pleu],
[plu] of [luath]. Or [tlúth], from [tel]?
ma
, if, Ir. [má], O.Ir. [má], [ma], Cor., Br.
[ma] (also [mar]); cf. Skr. [sma], [smâ], an emphatic enclitic (=
"indeed") used after pronouns etc., the [-sm-] which appears in the
I.E. pronoun forms (Gr.
&acom;mme
=
[&ndot;s-sme], us).
mab
, a tassel; a side-form of [pab], q.v.
màb
, abuse, vilify:
mabach
, lisping, stammering; cf. M.Eng.
[maflen], Du. [maffeln], to stammer.
mac
, a son, Ir. [mac], O.Ir. [macc], W.
[mab], O.W. [map], Cor. [mab], Br. [map], [mab], Ogam gen. [maqvi]:
[*makko-s], [*makvo-s], son, root [mak], rear, nutrire, W. [magu],
rear, nurse, Br. [maguet]: I.E. [mak], ability, production; Gr.
makrós
, long,
mákar
, blessed; Zend [maçanh], greatness; Lettic
[mázu], can, be able. Kluge compares Got. [magaths], maid, Ag.S.
[magþ], Eng. [maid], further Got. [magus], boy, Norse [mögr], which,
however, is allied to O.Ir. [mug] (pl. [mogi]), slave.
The Teut. words also originally come from a root denoting "might,
increase", Gr.
m&cibre;hos
, means, Skr.
[mahas], great. Hence
macanta
, mild: "filial".
macamh
, a youth, generous man, Ir. [macamh],
[macaomh], a youth, E.Ir. [maccoem]: from [mac] and [caomh].
mach
,
a mach
, outside
(motion to "out"), Ir. [amach], E.Ir. [immach]; from [in] and [magh],
a field, [mach] being its accusative after the prep. [in], into: "into
the field". Again
a muigh
, outside (rest), is for
E.Ir. [immaig], [in] with the dat. of [magh]: "in the field". See
[an], [ann] and [magh].
machair
, a plain, level, arable land, Manx
[magher], Ir., M.Ir. [machaire], [macha]; [*makarjo-], a field; Lat.
[mâceria], an enclosure (whence W. [magwyr], enclosure, Br. [moger],
wall). So Stokes. Usually referred to [*magh-thìr], "plain-land",
from [magh] and [tìr].
machlag
, matrix, uterus, Ir. [machlóg] (O'B.,
etc.), M.Ir. [macloc]; cf. Ger. [magen], Eng. [maw].
macnas
, sport, wantonness, Ir. [macnas]
(do.), [macras], sport, festivity; from [mac].
mactalla
,
macalla
, echo,
Ir., M.Ir. [macalla]; from [mac] and obsolete [all], a cliff, g.
[aille] ([*allos]), allied to Gr.
pélla
,
stone (Hes.), Norse [fjall], hill, Eng. [fell]. See also ++
ail
, which is allied.
madadh
, a dog, mastiff, so Ir., M.Ir.
[madrad]: E.Ir. [matad] (McCon.), [maddad] (Fel.), W. [madog], fox
(cf. W. [madryn], reynard): [*maddo-], [*mas-do-], the [mas] possibly
being for [mat-s], the [mat] of which is then the same as [math-] of
[mathghamhuin], q.v. Connection with Eng. [mastiff], Fr. [mâtin],
O.F. [mestiff], from [*mansatinus], "house-dog", would mean borrowing.
madadh
, mussel:
màdog
,
madog
, a mattock,
W. [matog]; from M.Eng. [mattok], now [mattock], Ag.S. [mattuc].
màdar
, madder, Ir. [madar], the plant madder;
from the Eng.
madhanta
, valiant, dexterous in arms, Ir.
[madhanta]: "overthrowing", from the E.Ir. verb [maidim], overthrow,
break, from [*matô], Ch.Sl. [motyka], ligo, Polish [motyka], hoe
(Bez.).
maduinn
, morning, Ir. [maidin], O.Ir.
[matin], mane, [maten]; from Lat. [matutina], early (day), Eng.
[matin].
màg
, a paw, hand, lazy bed, ridge of arable
land, E.Ir. [mác]: [*mankâ], root [man], hand, Lat. [manus], Gr.
márc
, Norse [mund], hand. Sc. [maig] is
from Gaelic.
magadh
, mocking, Ir. [magadh], W. [mocio];
from the Eng. [mock].
magaid
, a whim; from Sc. [maggat], [magget].
magairle(an)
, testicle(s), Ir. [magairle],
[magarla], E.Ir. [macraille] (pl.): [*magar-aille], "[magar] stones";
[magar] and [all] of [mactalla]: [magar] = [*maggaro-], root [mag],
[meg], great, powerful, increas? Cf., however, [mogul].
màgan
, toad; properly
mial-mhàgain
, "squat beast"; from [màg] above.
magh
, a plain, a field, Ir. [magh], O.Ir.
[mag], W. [ma], [maes] ([*magestu-]), Cor. [mês], Br. [maes], Gaul.
[magos]: [*magos], [*mages-], field, plain, "expanse", from root
[magh], great, Skr. [mahî], the earth, [mahas], great; Gr.
m&cibre;hos
, means, Lat. [machina], machine; Got.
[magan], be able, Eng. [may].
maghan
, stomach: N. [magi].
maghar
, bait for fish, so Ir., E.Ir. [magar]
(Corm.), small fry or fish:
maibean
, a cluster, bunch; see [mab].
maide
, a stick, wood, Ir., E.Ir., [matan], a
club: [*maddio-], [*mas-do-]; Lat. [malus] (= [*mâdus]), mast; Eng.
[mast].
màidhean
, delay, slowness:
màidse
, a shapeless mass:
màidsear
, a major; from the Eng.
Màigh
, May, E.Ir. [Mái]; from Lat. [maius],
Eng. [May].
màigean
, a child beginning to walk, a fat,
little man: from [màg].
maighdeag
, concha veneris, the shell of the
escallop fish; from [maighdean]? Cf. [madadh], mussel.
maighdean
, a maiden, so Ir., late M.Ir.
[maighden] (F.M.); from M.Eng. [magden], [maiden], Ag.S.
[mœden], now [maiden].
maigheach
, a hare, Ir. [míol bhuidhe] (for
[míol mhuighe]), E.Ir. [míl maighe], "plain beast"; from [mial] and
[magh]. The G. is an adj. from [magh]: [*mageco-], "campestris".
maighistir
,
maighstir
,
master, Ir. [maighisdir], M.Ir. [magisder], W. [meistyr], Cor.
[maister]; from Lat. [magister], Eng. [master].
màileid
, a bag, wallet, knapsack, Ir.
[máiléid], [máilín]; see [mála].
maille ri
, with, Ir. [maille re], O.Ir.
[immalle], [malle]; for [imb-an-leth], "by the side", [mu an leth]
now.
màille
, mail armour; from the Eng. [mail].
mainisdir
, a monastery, so Ir., E.Ir.
[manister]; from Lat. [monasterium].
mainne
, delay, Ir. [mainneachdna]; cf. O.Ir.
[mendat], residence, O.G. [maindaidib] (dat.pl.), Skr. [mandiram],
lodging, habitation; Lat. [mandra], a pen, Gr.
mándra
(do.).
mainnir
, a fold, pen, goat pen, booth, Ir.
[mainreach], [mainneir], M.Ir. [maindir]; Lat. [mandra], Gr.
mándra
, pen, as under [mainne]. K.Meyer takes it
from early Fr. [maneir], dwelling, Eng. [manor].
mair
, last, live, Ir. [mairim], O.Ir.
[maraim]: [*marô]; Lat. [mora], delay [*m&rdot;-].
màireach
, to-morrow, Ir. [márach], E.Ir.
[imbârach], to-morrow, [iarnabárach], day after to-morrow, W. [bore],
[boreu], morning, [y fory], to-morrow, M.W. [avory], Br. [bure],
morning, [*bârego-] (Stokes, Zimmer): [*m&rdotmacr;-ego-], root [m&rdotmacr;gh],
[m&rdot;gh] ([m&rdot;g]?); Got. [maurgins], morning, [da maurgina],
to-morrow, Eng. [morrow], Ger. [morgen], etc.
mairg
, pity! Ir. [mairg], E.Ir. [marg], vae:
[*margi-]; Gr.
márgos
, mad, Lat.
[morbus](?). Usually referred to [*mo-oirc], [*mo oirg], "my
destruction", from [org], destroy (See [tuargan]).
mairiste
, marriage; from the Eng.
màirneal
, a delay, Ir. [mairneulachd],
tediousness, a sailing:
mairtir
, a martyr, so Ir., E.Ir. [martir], W.
[merthyr]; from Lat. [martyr], from Gr.
mártus
[márturos], a witness.
maise
, beauty, so Ir., E.Ir. [maisse], from
[mass], comely; root [mad], [med], measure, Eng. [meet], Ger.
[mässig], moderate; further Eng. [mete], etc.
maistir
, urine, so Ir.; [*madstri], root
[mad], Lat. [madeo].
maistreadh
, churning, so Ir.; root [mag]: Gr.
magís
,
mássw
, Ch.Sl. [masla], butter.
maith
,
math
, good, Ir.,
O.Ir. [maith], W. [mad], Cor. [mas], M.Br. [mat]: [*mati-s], root
[mat], [met], measure, I.E. [mê], measure, as in [meas], q.v.? Bez.
suggests as an alternative Skr. [úpa-mâti], affabilis, Gr.
matís
(=
mégas
,
Hes.).
maith
,
math
, pardon, Ir.
[maitheam] (n.), E.Ir. [mathem], a forgiving, W. [maddeu], ignoscere,
root [mad], "be quiet about", Skr. [mádati], linger, [mandas],
lingering, Got. [ga-môtan], room; see [mainnir]. Rhys regards the W.
as borrowed from Ir.; if so, G. is same as [maith], good.
màl
, rent, tax, M.Ir. [mál], W. [mâl],
bounty; from Ag.S. [mál], tribute, M.Eng. [māl], now [mail]
(black-[mail]), Sc. [mail].
màla
, a bag, budget, Ir. [mála]; from the
M.Eng. [māle], wallet, bag (now [mail]), from O.Fr. [male], from
O.H.G. [malha].
mala
, pl.
malaichean
([mailghean in Arg., cf. [duilich], [duilghe]), eyebrow, Ir. [mala],
O.Ir. [mala], g. [malach], M.Br. [malvenn], eyelash: [*malax]; Lit.
[blakstenai], eyelashes, [blakstini], wink, Lettic [mala], border,
Alban. [mal'], hill, border.
malairt
, an exchange, so Ir., M.Ir.
[malartaigim], I exchange, also "destroy": in E.Ir. and O.Ir.
[malairt] means "destruction", which may be compared to Lat. [malus],
bad.
malc
, putrefy: [*malqô]; Lit. [nu-smelkiù],
decay, Servian [mlak], lukewarm (Strachan), O.H.G. [moa(h)wên], tabere
(Bez.). It has also been referred to the root [mel], grind.
màlda
, gentle, Ir. [málta]; Gr.
malqakós
, soft (see [meall]).
mall
, slow, Ir., O.Ir. [mall] (W. [mall],
want of energy, softness?); Gr.
méllw
,
linger ([*melno-]); Lat. [pro-mello], litem promovere.
It has also been refered to the root of Gr.
malqakós
, soft (see [meall]), and to that of Lat.
[mollis], soft, Eng. [mellow].
mallachd
, a curse, so Ir., O.Ir. [maldacht],
W. [mellith], Br. [malloc'h]; from Lat. [maledictio], Eng.
[malediction].
màm
, large round hill, Ir. [mam], mountain,
M.Ir. [mamm], breast, pap (O'Cl.): "breast, pap", Lat. [mamma],
mother, breast, Eng. [mamma], etc. Hence
màm
, an
ulcerous swelling of the armpit.
màm
, a handful, two handfuls, Ir., M.Ir.
[mám], handful, W. [mawaid], two handfuls: [*mâmmâ] (Stokes), from
[*manmâ], allied to Lat. [manus], hand? Cf., however, [màg].
màn
, a mole on the skin, arm-pit ulcer; side
form [màm].
manach
, a monk, Ir., E.Ir. [manach], M.Ir.
[mainchine], monkship, monk's duties (cf. [abdaine]), W. [mynach], Br.
[manac'h]; from Lat. [monachus], Eng. [monk]. Hence
manachainn
, a monastery.
manach
, the angel fish:
manachan
, the groin:
manadh
, an omen, luck, E.Ir. [mana], omen;
Lat. [moneo], warn, advise; Ag.S. [manian], warn, exhort.
mànas
, the portion of an estate famed by the
owner, a large or level farm; from the Sc. [mains], Eng. [manor].
mandrag
, mandrake, Ir. [mandrác]; from the
Eng. W. [mandragor] is from M.Eng. [mandragores], Ag.S. [mandragora].
mang
, a fawn, M.Ir. [mang], E.Ir. [mang]
(Corm.): Celtic root [mag] ([mang]), increase, Eng. [maiden], Got.
[magus], boy (see [mac]).
mangan
, a bear; see [mathghamhain].
mannda
,
manntach
, lisping,
stammering, Ir. [manntach], toothless, stammering, E.Ir. [mant], gum,
O.Ir. [mend], dumb, etc., Ir. [meann], dumb (O'Br.), W. [mant], jaw,
[mantach], toothless jaw: [*mand@?to-], jaw; Lat. [mandere], eat,
[mandibula], a jaw; further is Eng. [meat], Gr.
masáomai
, chew, eat, root [mad].
mànran
, a tuneful sound, a cooing, humming,
Ir. [manrán]:
maodail
, a paunch, stomach, ruminant's pouch,
Ir. [méadail], [maodal], [meadhail] (Lh.), M.Ir. [medhal] (Ir.Gl.,
235), [métail]: [*mand-to-]? Root [mad], [mand], eat, as under
[mannda]?
maoidh
, grudge, reproach, Ir. [maoidhim],
grudge, upbraid, bra, E.Ir. [máidim], threaten, boast, O.Ir. [móidem],
gloriatio: [*moido-]; root [moid], [meid]; M.H.G. [gemeit], grand,
O.H.G. [kameit], jactans, stolidus, O.Sax. [gemêd], stupid, Got.
[gamaids], bruised. See [miadh].
maoidhean
, personal influence, interest; from
Sc. [moyen] (do.), Fr. [moyen], a mean, means, Eng. [means], from
Lat. [medianus], median, middle.
maoile
, brow of a hill; see [maol].
maoim
, terror, onset, eruption, surprise, Ir.
[maidhm], a sally, eruption, defeat, E.Ir. [maidm], a breach or
breaking, defeat: [*matesmen-] (Stokes), [*matô], break; Ch.Sl., Pol.
[motyka], a hoe. Some give the root as allied to Skr. [math], stir,
twirl, Lit. [mentùris], whorl.
maoin
, wealth, Ir. [maoin], O.Ir. [máin]:
[*moini-]; Lat. [mūnus], service, duty, gift (Eng.
[munificence]), [communis], common; Got. [ga-mains], common, Eng.
[mean]; Lit. [maínas], exchange.
maoineas
, slowness; see [màidhean].
maoirne
, a bait for a fishing hook (N.H.),
maoirnean
, the least quantity of anything; cf.
[maghar], root [mag], grow.
maois
, a large basket, hamper,
maois-eisg
, five hundred fish, Ir. [maois], W. [mwys],
hamper, five score herring, Cor. [muis], [moys]; Sc. [mese], five
hundred herring, Norse [meiss], box, wicker basket, [meiss síld],
barrel-herrings, O.H.G. [meisa], a basket for the back; Lit.
[maiszas], sack, Ch.Sl. [me@?chŭ]. The relationship, whether
of affinity or borrowing, between Celtic and Teutonic, is doubtful.
The Brittonic might come from Lat. [mensa], a table, and the Gadelic
from the Norse.
maoiseach
,
maoisleach
, a
doe, heifer: [maol-sech] ([maol], harnless); see [mís].
maol
, bald, Ir. [maol], O.Ir. [máel], [máil],
W. [moel], Br. [maol]: [*mailo-s]; Lit. [mailus], something small,
smallness, Ch.Sl. [m&ldot;lŭkŭ], small; further root [mei],
lessen (see [maoth]). The Ir. [mug], servant, has been suggested as
the basis: [*mag(u)lo-], servile, "short-haired, bald"; but this,
though suitable to the W., would give in G. [mál]. Cf. Ir. [mál],
prince, from [*maglo-]. Hence
maol
, brow of a hill
or rock, W. [mael], a conical hill?
maolchair
, the space between the eyebrows;
from [maol].
maol-snèimheil
, lazy, careless, indifferent
(H.S.D.), [maol-snè(imh)], [maol-snìomh] (Rob.), a lazy one:
maor
, an officer of justice or of estates,
Ir. [maor], an officer, O.G. [mœr], [máir] (B.of Deer), W.
[maer], steward; from Lat. [major], whence Eng. [mayor].
maorach
, shell-fish, Ir. [maorach]; cf. Gr.
múraina
(
u
long),
lamprey,
sm&uibre;ros
, eel.
maoth
, soft, Ir. [maoth], E.Ir. [móeth],
O.Ir. [móith]: [*moiti-s]; Lat. [mîtis], mild; further root [mei],
lessen (see [mìn]).
mar
, as, Ir., M.Ir. [mar], E.Ir., O.Ir.
[immar], quasi: [*ambi-are], the prepositions [imm] (now [mu]) and
[air]? W. [mor], as, Corn., Br. [mar], is explained by Ernault as
unaccented Br. [meur], G. [mór], big.
mar ri
, M.G. [far ri] (D.of L.): from [mar]
and [ri].
màrach
, a big, ungainly woman (Arg.); from
[mór], with neuter termination [ach]. Also
màraisg
.
marag
, a pudding, M.Ir. [maróc], hilla, E.Ir.
[mar], sausage; from the Norse [mörr], dat. [mörvi], suet,
[blóð-mörr], black pudding.
marasgal
, a master, regulator, Ir., M.Ir.
[marascal], regulator, marshal; from M.Eng. and O.Fr. [marescal], now
[marshal].
marbh
, dead, Ir. [marbh], O.Ir. [marb], W.
[marw], Cor. [marow], Br. [maro], M.Br. [marv]; [*marvo-s], root
[m&rdot;]; Lat. [morior], die; Lit. [mirti], die; Gr.
maraínw
, destroy; Skr. [mar], die.
marc
, a horse, G. and Ir.
marcach
, a horseman, E.Ir. [marc], horse, W., Cor., Br.
[march], Gaul.
marka-n
(acc.):
[*marko-s], [*markâ]; O.H.G. [marah], mare, [meriha], horse, Norse
[marr], mare, Ag.S. [mearh], Eng. [mare] and [marshal].
marg
, a merk: from the Eng. [mark], Sc.
[merk], Norse [m&ocom;rk], g. [markar].
margadh
, a market, so Ir., M.Ir. [margad],
[marcad], E.Ir. [marggad] from M.Eng. [market], from Lat. [mercatus].
màrla
, marl, Ir. [márla], W. [marl]; from
Eng. [marl]. The G. has the sense of "marble" also, where it confuses
this word and Eng. [marble] together.
marmor
, marble, Ir. [marmur]; from Lat.
[marmor]. A playing marble is in the G. dialects
marbul
, a marble.
màrrach
, enchanted castle which kept one
spell-bound, labyrinth, thicket to catch cattle (M`A.). Root [mar],
[mer], deceive, as in [mear], [brath].
marrum
,
marruin
, cream,
milk, and their products (Carm.). Cf. [marag].
màrsadh
, marching, Ir. [marsáil]; from the
Eng.
mart
, a cow, Ir. [mart], a cow, a beef, E.Ir.
[mart], a beef; hence Sc. [mart], a cow killed for family (winter) use
and salted, which Jamieson derives from [Martinmas], the time at which
the killing took place. The idea of [mart] is a cow for killing:
[*martâ], from root [mar], die, of [marbh]?
Màrt
, March, Ir. [Márt], E.Ir. [mairt], g.
[marta], W. [Mawrth]; from Lat. [Martius], Eng. [March].
martradh
, maiming, laming, Ir. [mairtrighim],
murder, maim, martyrise, O.Ir. [martre], martyrdom; from Lat.
[martyr], a martyr, whence Eng.
màs
, the buttock, Ir. [más], E.Ir. [máss]:
[*mâsto-]; Gr.
mc/dea
, genitals,
mastós
,
mazós
, breast, cod,
madáw
, lose hair; Lat. [madeo], be wet; root
[mád], [mad].
mas
, before, ere: see [mus].
màsan
, delay, Ir. [masán] (O'B., etc.):
masg
, mix, infuse; from the Sc. [mask], Swed.
[mäske], to mash, Fries. [mask], draff, grains, Eng. [mash].
masgul
, flattery:
masladh
, disgrace, Ir. [masla], [masladh],
despite, shame, disgrace:
math
, good, Ir. [math]; see [maith]. This is
the commonest form in G., the only Northern Dialect form.
math
, forgive: see [maith].
mathaich
, manure land; from [math]?
màthair
, mother, Ir. [máthair], O.Ir.
[máthir], W. [modryb], dame, aunt, O.Br. [motrep], aunt: [*mâtêr];
Lat. [mâter]; Gr.
mc/tcr
, Dor. [mátcr]
(
a
long); Norse [móðir], Eng. [mother]; Skr.
[mâtâr].
mathghamhuin
, a bear, Ir. [mathghamhuin],
E.Ir. [mathgaman], from [math-] and [gamhainn]; with [math], bear (?),
cf. W. [madawg], fox, and possibly the Gaul. names [Matu-genos],
[Matuus], [Teuto-matus], etc.
meacan
, a root, bulb, Ir. [meacan], any
top-rooted plant, O.Ir. [meccun], [mecon], Gr.
mc/kwn
, poppy; O.H.G. [mági], Ger. [mohn]; Ch.Sl.
[maku]: [*mekkon-], root [mek], [mak] of [mac]?
meachainn
, mercy, an abatement,
meachair
, soft, tender,
meachran
,
hospitable person, Ir. [meach], hospitality:
meadar
, a wooden pail or vessel, Ir.
[meadar], a hollowed-out drinking vessel, churn, M.Ir. [metur]; from
Lat. [metrun], measure, metre, meter.
meadar
, verse, metre; for root, etc., see
above word.
meadhail
, joy; see [meadhrach].
meadh-bhlàth
, luke-warm: "mid-warm"; O.Ir.
[mid-], mid-, root [med], [medh], as in next.
meadhon
, the middle, so Ir., O.Ir. [medón],
[im-medón], M.W. [ymeun], W. [mewn], within, Br. [y meton], amidst;
cf. for form and root Lat. [mediânum], the middle, Eng. [mean],
further Lat. [medius], middle; Gr.
mésos
; Eng. [middle]; etc.
meadhrach
, glad, joyous, Ir. [meadhair],
mirth, [meadhrach], joyous, E.Ir. [medrach]: [*medro-]; Skr. [mad],
rejoice, be joyful, [máda], hilarity. But [medu], ale?
mèag
, whey, Ir. [meadhg], E.Ir. [medg], W.
[maidd] ([*meðjo-]), Cor. [maith], O.Br. [meid], Gallo-Lat. [mesga],
whey, whence Fr. [mègue]: [*mezgâ], whey; O.Slav. [mozgu], succus,
marrow (Thurneysen), to which Brugmann adds O.H.G. [marg], marrow
(Eng. [marrow]), Lit. [mazgoti], wash, Lat. [mergo], merge.
meaghal
, barking, mewing, alarm; see
[miamhail].
meal
, possess, enjoy, Ir. [mealadh] (n.),
M.Ir. [melaim], I enjoy: possibly from the root [mel], [mal], soft, as
in [mealbhag]. Cf. O.Ir. [meldach], pleasant, Eng. [mild].
mealasg
, flattery, fawning, great rejoicing;
see [miolasg].
mealbhag
, corn poppy; cf. Lat. [malva],
mallow, whence Eng. [mallow]; Gr.
maláhc
, root [mal], [mel], soft, "emollient", Gr.
malakós
, soft, Lat. [mulcere].
mealbhan
, sea bent (Suth.), sand dunes with
bent (W.Ross):
mealg
, milt of fish; for
*fealg
=
sealg
?
meall
, a lump, hill, Ir. [meall], lump, knob,
heap, E.Ir. [mell], Br. [mell], joint, knot, knuckle, Gaul.
[Mello-dunum] (?), now [Melun]: [*mello-], from [*melno-]; O.Slav.
[iz-molêti], just out, proturberate (Bez. with query); [*m&ldot;so]; cf.
Gr.
mélos
, limb, part.
meall
, deceive, entice, Ir. [meallaim], M.Ir.
[mellaim], deceive, E.Ir. [mell], error: [melsô] (Stokes), root
[mel], [mal], bad; Lat. [malus]; Lit. [mìlyti], mistake, [mélas], lie;
Gr.
méleos
, useless; Armen. [me
&lgr;
], peccatum. O.Ir. [meld], pleasant (?), Gr.
&acom;malós
, root [mela], grind.
meallan
,
clach-mheallain
,
hail, Ir. [meallán] (Fol., O'R.); from [meall], lump?
membrana
, parchments, Ir. [meamrum], O.Ir.
[membrum]; from Lat. [membrana], skin, membrane, from [membrum].
meamhair
,
meomhair
,
memory, Ir. [meamhair], O.Ir. [mebuir], W. [myfyr]; from Lat.
[memoria], Eng. [memory].
meamna
,
meanmna
, spirit,
will, Ir. [meanma] (n.), [meanmnach] (adj.), O.Ir. [menme], g.
[menman], mens; [*menmês], g. [menmenos], root [men], mind, think;
Skr. [mánman], mind, thought, [manye], think; Lat. [memini], remember,
[mens]; Gr.
mémona
, think,
mn&cibre;ma
, monument; Eng. [mean], [mind]; etc.
mean
,
meanbh
, small, E.Ir.
[menbach], small particle: [*mino-], [*minvo-], root [min]; Lat.
[minus], Eng. [diminish], Lat. [minor], [minutus], minute; Gr.
minúqw
, lessen; Got. [minus], less: root
[mi], [mei]. See [mi-]. Stokes gives also an alternate root [men],
Skr. [manâk], a little, Lat. [mancus], mamed, Lit. [mènkas], little.
meanachair
, small cattle, sheep or goats
(Dial.); for
meanbh-chrodh
.
mèanan
, a yawn, Ir. [méanfach], E.Ir.
[mén-scailim], I yawn, "mouth-spread", [mén], mouth, [ménogud],
hiatus; cf. W. [min], lip, edge, Cor. [min], [meen], Br. [min], snout.
Strachan and Stokes suggest the stem [*maknâ], [*mekno-], root [mak];
Ag.S. [maga], stomach, Ger. [magen], Eng. [maw].
meang
, guile, Ir. [meang], E.Ir. [meng]:
[*mengâ]; Gr.
mágganon
, engine (Eng.
[mangle]),
magganeúw
, juggle; Lat.
[mango], a dealer who imposes. Cf. N. [mang], traffic, [monger].
meang
, whey; Dial. for [mèag].
meangan
,
meanglan
, a twig,
Ir. [meangán], [beangán]: [*mengo-], Celtic root [meg], [mag],
increase; see under [maighdean], [mac]. Cf. M.Ir. [maethain],
sprouts.
meann
, a kid, Ir. [meannán], [meann], W.
[myn], Cor. [min], Br. [menn]: [*mendo-], kid, "suckling"; Alban.
[m
&egr;
nt], suck; O.H.G. [manzon], ubera;
perhaps Gr.
mazós
, breast (Stokes,
Strachan)
It may be from the root [min], small
([*minno-]), a form which suits the W. best.
meannd
, mint; from the Eng.
meantairig
, venture; from Eng. [venturing].
W. [mentra].
mear
, merry, Ir. [mear]; cf. Eng. [merry],
Ag.S. [merge], [myrige], O.H.G. [murg], [murgi] (root [m&rdot;gh]). The
E.Ir. [mer], mad, is allied to [mearachd]. O.Ir. [meraigim], prurio.
Lat. [meretrix].
mearachd
, error, Ir. [mearaighim], I err,
[mearughadh], a mistaking, erring, M.Ir. [merugud], wandering, root
[mer], [m&rdot;]; Gr.
&abcom;martanw
, miss
(see [brath]); Eng. [mar], Got. [marzian], cause to stumble. Cf.
E.Ir. [mer], mad, [meracht], mad act, O.Ir. [meraige], a fool, O.Br.
[mergidhaam], I am silly, which Loth joins to Gr.
márgos
, mad.
mearcach
, rash; from the root of [mear].
mearganta
, brisk, lively,
meargadaich
, be impatient (Suth), Ir. [mearganta],
brisk; from [mear].
mèarsadh
, marching; see [màrsadh].
mearsuinn
, vigour, strength; cf. [marsainn],
abiding, from [mar], remain.
meas
, fruit, Ir. [meas], fruit, especially
acorns, [measog], acorn, E.Ir. [mess], fruit, W. [mes], acorns, Cor.
[mesen], glans, Br. [mesenn], acorn: [*messu-], root, [med], [mad],
eat (see [manntach]), and, for force, cf. Eng. [mast], fruit of forest
trees, Ag.S. [maest], fruit of oak or beech, Ger. [mast].
meas
, judgement, opinion, respect, Ir.
[meas], O.Ir. [mess], [*messu-], root [med]; Lat. [meditari], think,
[modus], method; Gr.
médomai
, think of;
Got. [mitan], measure, Eng. [mete]: further root [mê], measure, Eng.
[metre], [meter], etc.
measan
, a lapdog, Ir. [measán], E.Ir.
[measan], [meschu]:
measair
, a tub, measure; see [miosar].
measara
, temperate, modest, Ir. [measarrdha],
O.Ir. [mesurda]: [mensura] (Stokes). But it may be from [meas],
judgment.
measg
,
am measg
, among,
Ir. [measg], [a measg], among, W. [ym mysg], M.Br. [e mesg]:
[*med-sko-], root [med], [medh], as in [meadhon], middle.
measg
,
measgach
, mix, Ir.
[measgaim], E.Ir. [mescaim], W. [mysgu]: [*miskô], [*mig-skô], root,
[mig], [mik]; Gr. [mígnomi], [mísgw]; Lat. [misceo]; Eng. [mix], Ger.
[mischen]; Lit. [maiszýti]; Skr. [miksh].
measgan
, a dish to hold butter, Ir.
[míosgan]; see [miosgan]. But cf. E.Ir. [mescan], a lump of butter,
M.Ir. [mesgan], masa; from [measg], mix?
meat
,
meata
, feeble, soft,
cowardly, Ir. [meata], E.Ir. [meta], cowardly: [*mit-tavo-]; see
[meath]. W. has [meth], failure. [*mettaios] (St.)
meath
, fail, fade, become weak, dishearted,
Ir. [meathaim], fail, droop, soften, E.Ir. [meth], failure, decay:
[*mitô], root [mit], the short form of root [meit], [moit] (see
[maoth]).
meidh
, a balance, Ir. [meadh], O.Ir. [med],
d. [meid], W. [medd], centre of motion: [*medâ], root [med], mete;
Lat. [modius], a peck: Gr.
médimnos
, a
measure (6 [modii]); Eng. [mete]. See [meas] further. Hence
meidhis
, a measure, instalment (Arg., M`A.).
meidhinnean
,
mèigean
,
hip-joints:
meigead
, the bleating of a goat or kid, Ir.
[meigiodaigh]; Gr.
mckáomai
, bleat,
mc/kas
, she-goat, "bleater"; Ger.
[meckern], bleat; Skr. [makakas], bleating; root [mêk], [mek], [mak],
an onomatopoetic syllable.
mèil
, bleat, Ir. [méidhlighim], M.Ir.
[meglim], I bleat, [megill], bleating; Ger. [meckern]: see [meigead].
G. is for [*megli-] or [*mekli].
meil
,
beil
, grind, Ir.
[meilim], O.Ir. [melim], W. [malu], Br. [malaff]: [*melô]; Lat.
[molo]; Gr.
múllw
; O.H.G. [malan], grin,
Eng. [meal], [mill]; Lit. [málti], molo. Hence
meildreach
,
meiltir
, a quantity of
corn sent to grind,
meiltear
, miller.
meilcheart
, chilblain (Arg.), Ir.
[miolcheárd] (Kerry), [miolchartach], [miolcartán], [milchearta]
(Tirconnell); root in [meilich].
meile
, the thick stick by which the quern is
turned, a quern, Ir. [meile], hand-mill: "grinder"; from [meil]?
meilearach
, long sea-side grass; from Norse
[melr], bent.
meilich
, become chill with cold, be benumbed;
from the root [mel], crush, grind. See [meil].
meilgeag
, sea-pod, husk of peas, etc.:
meill
, the cheek, Ir. [meill]; G.
méill
, blubber-lip (M`L., M`E.),
méilleach
,
beilleach
, blubber-lipped
(
meilleach
, H.S.D.); see [béilleach].
méilleag
,
beilleag
, outer
rind of bark:
mèin
,
mèinn
, ore, mine,
Ir. [méin], [mianach], E.Ir. [míanach], W. [mwyn]: [*meini-],
[meinni-], root [mei], [smei], [smi]; O.Sl. [mêdi], aes; O.H.G.
[smîda], metal, Eng. [smith] (Schräder).
mèin
,
meinn
, disposition,
Ir. [méin], M.Ir. [mèin], mind, disposition: "metal, mettle";
seemingly a metaphoric use of the foregoing word. A root [mein],
mind, mean, appears to exist in Eng. [mean], Ger. [meinen]; cf. W.
[myn], mind. Thurneysen compares Eng. [mien].
mèineil
, flexible, sappy, substantial; from
[méin], ore: "gritty"?
meirbh
, spiritless, delicate, so Ir., E.Ir.
[meirb], W. [merw]: [*mervi-]; O.H.G. [maro], soft, mellow, Ger.
[mürbe], Ag.S. [mearo], Norse [merja], crush; Gr.
maraínw
, destroy,
márnamai
, fight; Lat. [martus], hammer,
"crusher"; etc. See [marbh] from the same root ultimately ([mer],
[mar]). Hence
merbh
, digest.
meirean nam magh
, agrimony, Ir. [meirín na
magh] (O'B., [méirín] (Con.):
meirg
, rust, Ir. [meirg], O.Ir. [meirg],
[meirc], Br. [mergl]: [*mergi-], "red, dark"; Eng. [murk], Ag.S.
[mirce], Norse [myrkr] (cf. G. [dearg] and Eng. [dark]). Ernault
compares Gr.
márgos
, senseless; and it
has been joined to O.W. [mergid], debilitas, O.Br. [mergidhehan],
evanesco, root [mar], [mer], fade, die.
meirghe
, a banner, Ir. [meirge], E.Ir.
[mergge]; from the Norse [merki], a banner, mark, Eng. [mark]
(Zimmer).
meirle
, theft,
meirleach
,
thief, Ir. [meirleach], E.Ir. [merle], theft, [merlech], thief; root
[mer], [mra] (as in [bradach]); see [mearachd]. Stokes compares Gr.
&acom;meírw
, deprive; but this is likely
[&ndot;-
merjw
], privative [&ndot;] or
a
and root [mer] (
méros
, share).
meirneal
, a kind of hawk; from the Eng.
[merlin].
meiteal
, metal, Ir. [miotal]; from the Eng.
[metal], Lat. [metallum].
mèith
, fat, sappy, Ir. [méith], [méath],
O.Ir. [méth], W. [mwydo], soften: [*meito-]; the
e
grade of the root seen in [*moiti-] (in [maoth],
q.v.), the root being [mit], [meit], [moit] ([meath], [mèith],
[maoth]).
meòg
, whey; better than [mèag].
meòraich
, meditate, remember, Ir.
[méamhruighim], M.Ir. [mebrugud], rehearsing, remembering; from Lat.
[memoria]. See
meamhair
, also spelt
meomhair
, with the verb
meomhairich
=
meòraich
.
meuchd
, mixture (Dial.): [*meik-tu], root
[meik], [mik], as in [measg].
meud
,
miad
, size, Ir.
[méid], [méad], W. [maint], Cor. [myns], Br. [meñt]: [*m&ndot;ti-],
[ment], "measure", a nasalised form of the root [met], measure, Lat.
[mensus], having measured, [mētior] (vb.), Gr.
métron
, measure; etc. Bez. queries its alliance
only with Norse [munr], importance. Usually referred to the root
[mag], [meg] ([*maganti-]), great, or to that of [minig], q.v.
meur
,
miar
, a finger, Ir.
[meur], O.Ir. [mér]. Strachan suggests the stem [*makro-], root
[mak], great, mighty, Gr.
makrós
, long,
Lat. [macer], lean, [macte], good luck, Zend. [maç], great. Brugmann
has compared it to Gr.
mókrwna
(Hes.),
sharp (Lat. [mucro]).
mhàin
,
a mhàin
, only, Ir.
[amháin], E.Ir. [amáin]. It has been divided into a prefix and root
form: [a-máin], the latter being parallel to Dor. Gr.
m&wibre;nos
, Gr.
mónos
,
alone. Cf. O.Ir. [nammá], tantum, "ut non sit magis" ([na-n-má],
Zeuss).
mi
, I, Ir., O.Ir. [mé], W. [mi], Cor. [my],
[me], Br. [me]: [*mê], [*me]; Lat. [mê]; Gr.
me
; Eng. [me]; Skr. [mâ].
mi-
, un-, mis-, Ir., O.Ir. [mí-], root [mî],
[mei], [mi], lessen; Gr.
meíwn
, less;
Lat. [minus], less; Eng. [mis-], Got. [missa-] ([*miþto-]). See
[maoth], [mìn]. Stokes makes [mí-] a comparative like
meíwn
, and rejects the Teutonic words.
miadan
,
miadar
,
miad
, a meadow, mead; from the Eng. [meadow].
miadh
, respect, esteem, so Ir., O.ir. [míad],
fastus, dignity, O.Br. [muoet], fastu: [*meido-], fame: O.H.G.
[kameit], iactans, stolidus, M.H.G. [gemeit], bold, O.Sax. [gemêd],
haughty (Bez.); allied to Eng. [meed], Gr.
misqós
, pay, Lat. [miles], soldier. Cf. Gr.
timc/
, fame, price.
mial
, louse, animal, Ir. [míol], animal,
whale, louse, E.Ir. [míl], W. [mil], beast, Cor., Br. [mil]:
[*mêlo-n], animal: Gr. [m&cibre;lon], sheep; Norse [smali], sheep, Eng.
[small]. Hence G.
mial-chu
, greyhound, W. [milgi],
Cor. [mylgy].
mialladh
, bad-fortune (N.H.):
mialta
, pleasant (H.S.D.), O.Ir. [meld],
[melltach], pleasant; Eng. [mild]; G.
malqakós
, soft. See [malda].
miamhail
, mewing (of cat), Ir. [miamhaoil];
Eng. [mewl], from O.Fr., Fr. [miauler]: an onomatopoetic word.
miann
, desire, Ir. [mian], O.Ir. [mían]:
[*meino-]; Eng. [mean], Ger. [meinen], to mean; O.Slov [me@?nja@?]
(do.). Cf W. [myn], desire, Br. [menna], to wish, which may be from
the short form [min] beside [mein]. (Otherwise Loth in [Voc.
Vieux-Br.], 145).
mias
, a dish, Ir. [mías], a dish, mess,
platter, E.Ir. [mias]; from L.Lat. [mêsa], mensa, a table, whence
Ag.S. [mýse], table, Got. [mes], table, dish.
mil
, honey, Ir. [mil], O.Ir. [mil], g.
[mela], W. [mêl], Cor., Br. [mil]: [*meli-]; Lat. [mel]; Gr.
méli
; Got. [miliþ]; Arm. [me
&lgr;
r].
milc
,
meirc
, sweet,
sweetness (Carm.):
milcean
, solid warm white whey (Carm.):
mìle
, a thousand, a mile, Ir. [míle], O.Ir.
[míle], a thousand, W., Br. [mil], Cor. [myl], [myll]; Lat. [mîle]
(whence Eng. [mile]), [mille]. The Celtic words are borrowed
doubtless.
mileag
, a melon; from the Eng.
mileart
, honey dew (N.H.):
mìlidh
, a champion, Ir. [mileadh], [mílidh]
(O'B.), E.Ir. [mílid]; from Lat. [miles], [militis], soldier.
milis
, sweet, Ir., O.Ir. [milis], W. [melys]:
[*melissi-]; from [mil].
mill
, destroy, Ir., O.Ir. [millim]:
[*mel-ni-], root [mele], fail, miss; Lit. [mìlyti], fail; Gr.
méleos
, useless, wretched,
&acom;mblískw
, cause, miscarriage. the root of Eng.
[melt] ([*meld], Gr.
&acom;maldúnw
,
destroy) has been suggested, the [mel] of which is the same as above.
It may be root [mel], crush, mill.
millteach
, mountain grass, good grass; Norse
[melr], bent grass.
min
, meal, Ir. [min], g. [mine], O.Ir. [men]:
[*miná], root [min], lessen. Strachan suggests two derivations;
either allied to (1) Lit. [mìnti], tread, Ch.Slav. [me@?ti], crush,
Gr.
matéw
, tread on, from root [men],
tread, or from (2) [*mecsn], root [meq], [menq], grind,
Ch.Slav. [ma@?ka], meal, Gr.
mássw
,
knead. But [mexn-] would give G. [menn].
mìn
, soft, delicate, Ir., E.Ir. [mín], W.
[mwyn], gentle, Cor. [muin], gracilis, Br. [moan], fine: [*mîno-],
[meino-], root [mei], lessen; Gr.
meíwn
, less,
minúqw
, lessen; Lat. [minor], less, [minister].
Hence
mìnich
, explain. Stokes has apparently two
derivations for [mìn] - the one above and [*mêno-], allied to Gr.
manós
(
a
long),
thin.
minidh
, an awl, Ir. [meanadh], E.Ir. [menad],
W. [mynawyd], Br. [minaoued], M.Br. [menauet]: [*minaveto-]; Gr.
sminúc
, mattock,
smílc
(
i
long), chiesel.
minicionn
, mid's skin; from [meann] and
[*cionn] (see [boicionn]).
minig
,
minic
, often, Ir.
[minic], O.Ir. [menicc], W. [mynych], Cor. [menough]: [*menekki-s];
Got. [manags], many, Ger. [manach], Eng. [many].
minis
, degree, portion (M`A.), root of
[mion].
ministear
, a minister, Ir. [mínistir]; from
Lat. [minister], servant, whence Eng. [minister].
miobhadh
, ill-usage, as by weather; from
[mi-bhàidh].
mìobhail
, unmannerly (Arg.); [mi]+[modhail].
miodal
, flattery, Ir. [miodal]:
miodhoir
, a churl, niggard one; see
[miùghair].
mìog
,
miog
, (H.S.D.), a
smile, sly look, Ir. [míog]: [*smincu-], root [smi], smile, Eng.
[smile], Gr.
meidáw
, Skr. [smayate],
laughs.
miolaran
, low barking or whining of a fawning
dog: see next word.>>
miolasg
, flattery, fawning (as a dog), keen
desire; from the root [smi], smile? See [míog].
mion
, small, so Ir.; root [min], Lat.
[minor], etc. Also [mean], [meanbh], q.v.
mionach
, bowels, so Ir., E.Ir. [menach]; cf.
W. [monoch].
mionaid
, a minute, Ir. [minuit] (dat.); from
the Eng.
mionn
, an oath, Ir. [mionn], g. [mionna],
E.Ir. [mind], oath, diadem; the [mind] was the "swearing reliques" of
a saint, O.Ir. [mind], a diadem, insignia, O.W. [minn], sertum:
[*menni-]; cf. O.H.G. [menni], neck ornament, Ag.S. [mene], neck
chain, Lat. [monile]. See [muineal] further. Stokes gives the stem
as [*mindi-], but no etymology. Windisch (Rev.Celt.
5
) equates [minn] with Lat. [mundus], ornament,
world.
miontan
, a titmouse, Ir. [miontán]; from
[mion], small, [*minu-], Lat. [minor], etc., as under [mín].
mìorbhuil
, a miracle, Ir. [míorbhuil], E.Ir.
[mírbail]; from Lat. [mīrabile], Eng. [marvel].
miortal
, myrtal, Ir. [miortal] (Fol.); from
the English. W. has [myrtwydd], myrtle trees.
mìos
, a month, Ir. [mí], [míos], g. [míosa],
O.Ir. [mí], g. [mís], W. [mis], Cor. [mis], Br. [mis], [miz]: [*mêns],
g. [*mensos]; Lat. [mensis]; Gr.
mén
:
Skr. [mâs]; further Eng. [month].
mios
,
miosa
, worse, Ir.
[measa], O.Ir. [messa]: [*missôs]; Got. O.H.G. [missa-], mis-, Eng.
[mis-], [miss]. See [mi-].
mìosach
, fairy flax, purging flax, Ir.
[míosach]: "monthly"; from [mìos], "from a medicinal virtue it was
supposed to possess" (Cameron).
miosar
, a measure (as of meal), Ir. [miosúr],
E.Ir. [messar], phiala, O.Ir. [mesar], modus, W. [mesur]; from the
Lat. [mensura], Eng. [measure].
miosgan
, butter kit, Ir. [míosgán]; from
[mias], a dish.
miosguinn
, envy, malice, Ir. [mioscuis]
([míoscuis], Con.), E.Ir. [miscen], hate, O.Ir. [miscuis]; Gr.
m&iibre;sos
(= [mītos]); Lat. [miser],
wretched (= [mit-s-ro-s]); root [mit], [mi].
miotag
, a mitten, Ir. [miotóg], [mitín],
mittens; from Eng. [mitten], O.Fr. [mitaine].
mìr
, a bit, piece, Ir., O.Ir. [mír], pl.
[mírenn]: [*mêsren], piece of flesh; Skr. [mâmsá], flesh; Got. [mimz]
(do.); Lit. [me@?sà], flesh (Stokes, Thur., Brug.). Allied also is
Lat. [membrum], member; I.E. [mêmso-m], flesh.
mircean
, kind of sea-weed; cf. N.
[máru-kjarni], fucus vesiculosus (Lewis).
mire
, pastime, Ir. [mire], sport, madness,
M.Ir. [mire], madness; see [mear].
mirr
, myrrh, Ir. [miorr], E.Ir. [mirr], W.
[myr]; from Lat. [myrrha], Eng. [myrrh].
mìs
,
mìseach
,
maoilseach
, goat, doe (Carm.) = [maoisleach].
misd
, the worse for, Ir. [misde], [meisde],
M.Ir. [meste], E.Ir. [mesai-die] = [messa-de], "worse of"; from [mios]
and [de], of.
misg
, drunkenness, Ir. [meisge], [misge],
E.Ir. [mesce], O.Ir. [mescc], drunk: [*mesko-], [*meskjâ], from
[*med-sko-], also E.Ir. [mid], g. [meda], mead, W. [medd], hydromel,
O.Cor. [med], sicera, Br. [mez], hydromel: [*medu-]; Gr.
méqu
, wine; Eng. [mead]; Ch.Slav. [medŭ],
honey, wine; Skr. [mádhu], sweet, sweet drink, honey.
misimean-dearg
, bog-mint, Ir. [misimín
dearg]:
mìslean
, a mountain grass, sweet meadow grass
(Cameron); for [milsean], from [milis], sweet; cf. Ir. [milsean mara],
a sort of sea-weed; [mìsleach], sweetness (Hend.).
misneach
,
misneachd
,
courage, Ir. [meisneach], M.Ir. [mesnech]: [*med-s-], root [med] of
[meas]: "think, hope".
mistear
, a cunning, designing person; from
[misd].
mith
, an obscure or humble person; from the
root [mi], [mei] as in [mi-], [miosa].
mithear
, weak, crazy, Ir. [mithfir], weak;
see [mith].
mithich
, proper time, tempestivus, Ir.
[mithid], O.Ir. [mithich], tempestivus: [*meti-], Lat.
[māturus], Eng. [mature].
mithlean
, sport, playfulness:
miùghair
, niggardly; from [mi] and [fiù] or
[fiù-mhor]? cf. [miodhoir].
mo
, my, O.Ir. [mo], [mu], W. [fy], M.W. [my]
(from [myn]), Corn., Br. [ma] (which aspirates): [*mou], [*movo]:
formed on the analogy of [do], [du], from the pronomial root [me] (see
[mi]). W. [myn] or [my n-] is allied to Zend. [mana], Lit. [manè]
(for [me-né]), Ch.Sl. [mene].
mò
, greater, Ir. [mó], O.Ir. [móa], [máo],
[máa], [móo], [mó], W. [mwy], O.W. [mui], Corn. [moy], Br. [mui]:
[*mâjôs]; Lat. [mâjor], greater (Eng. [major]); Got. [mais], more
(adv.), [maiza], greater, Eng. [more]: root [mâ] of [mór], q.v.
mobainn
, maltreating, handling roughly; see
[moibean].
moch
, early, Ir. [moch], early, O.Ir. [moch],
mane: [*moq-]; also O.Ir. [mos], soon, W. [moch], early, ready, Corn.
[meugh]: [*moqsu]; Lat. [mox], soon; Zend. [moshu], Skr. [mokshú],
soon: also Gr.
máy
, idly, rashly. See
[mus]. Hence
mocheirigh
, early rising,
mochthrath
, early morning, M.Ir. [mochthrath], O.Ir.
[mochtratae], matutinus.
mochd
, move, yield (Oss. Ballads); cf. M.Ir.
[mocht], gentle, weak, W. [mwytho], soften, pamper, Eng. [meek], Norse
[mjukr], soft, meek.
mòd
, a court, trial, meeting; from the Norse
[mót], meeting, town-meeting, court of law, Ag.S. [mót], [gemót], Eng.
[moot], [meet].
modh
, manner, Ir. [modh], O.Ir. [mod], W.
[modd]; from Lat. [modus]. Hence
modh
, respect,
E.Ir. [mod]; cf. Eng. [manners] for sense.
modhan
, the sound of a bagpipe or other
musical instrument (H.S.D., also
moghun
):
mòdhar
, soft, gentle (
modhar
, M`A.); from [modh].
mòg
, clumsy hand or foot; see [màg], [smòg].
mogach
, shaggy, hairy:
mogan
, a footless stocking; from the Sc.
[moggan], [moggans].
mogan
, spirits from oats (Uist):
mogul
, a husk, mesh (of a net), Ir. [mogal],
cluster, mesh of a net, husk, apple of the eye, E.Ir. [mocoll] (do.),
O.Ir. [mocul], subtel: [*mozgu-], I.E. [mozgho], knot, mesh; Lit.
[mázgas], knot, mesh; O.H.G. [mascâ], Ger. [masche], Eng. [mesh]; Gr.
móshos
, sprout, calf. Lat. [macula], a
mush, is not allied. Dialect G.
mugairle
, bunch
of nuts (Glenmoriston).
mogur
, bulky, clumsy:
moibean
,
moibeal
, a mop,
broom, Ir. [moipal]; from Eng. [mop].
moiblead
, a gnawing, half-chewing: "making a
mop of"; from above.>>
móid
, a vow, Ir. [móid], M.Ir. [móit], E.Ir.
[moit] (Corm.): [*monti-], W. [gofuno], to vow, O.Br. [guomonian],
polliceri], which Bugge and Stokes connect with W. [mun], hand (cf.
Ag.S. [mund], Lat. [manus]). But see [bóid]. Stokes now says
[votum].
mòid
, the greater, Ir. [móide], more, M.Ir.
[móti]: [*mò]+[de]. Cf. [misd].
moighre
, robust, handsome:
moil
, matted hair; see [molach] ([*m&ldot;-]).
moilean
, a fat, plump child, a lump; cf. Ir.
[moil], [molan], a heap. To this Lat. [môles] may be compared.
mòin
,
mòine
, peat, moss,
Ir. [móin], g. [móna], E.Ir. [móin], pl. [móinte], W. [mawn], peat,
turf: [*mân-]; Lat. [mâno], flow, Eng. [emanate]. Strachan takes it
from [*mokni-], root [mok], [mak], Ch.Sl. [mokrŭ], wet, Lit.
[makone], puddle; Stokes agrees, giving Celtic as [*mâkni-], [môkni-].
It is doubtful if W.
k
would disappear before
n
(cf. [deur]). W. has also a form [migen], [mign],
a bog.
moineis
, false delicacy (M`A.),
moinig
, vanity, boasting; from root [mon], [men], mind?
moire
,
a more
, certainly,
hercle, Ir. [iomorro], indeed, however, O.Ir. [immurgu], autem.
moirear
, a lord, O.G. [mormær] (Book of
Deer), M.G. [morbhair] (M`V.), M.Ir. [mormhaer] (Muireach Albanach),
[murmor] (M`Firbis); from [mór] and [maor], "great steward".
mòirneas
, creat cascade, streams (Oss.
Ballads); from [mór] and [eas]?
moit
, pride, sulkiness, Ir. [moiteamhuil],
sulky, nice, pettish (Con., O'R., M`F.); cf. E.Ir. [mochtae],
magnified, [*mog-tio-s], root [mog], [mag], great. O.Ir. [móidem],
boasting, praise.
mol
, praise, advise, Ir. [molaim], O.Ir.
[molid], laudat, W. [moli], [mawl], laus, Br. [meuli]: [*molô],
[*mâlo], "magnify"; root [mōl], [mel], be strong; Gr.
mála
, very; Lat. [melior], better; Lit. [milns],
very many, Ch.Slav. [iz-molêti], eminere (Stokes). Windisch has
compared it to Ch.Sl. [moliti], ask, Lit. [myleti], love, Gr.
méle
, friend,
meílihos
, gentle.
mol
,
mal
, a shingly beach;
from Norse [möl], g. [malar], pebbles, bed of pebbles on the beach;
root [mel], grind.
molach
, hairy, rough, Ir. [mothlach], rough,
bushy (O'R.), [muthalach], shaggy (Fol.). If the Irish form is right,
it cannot be allied to I.E. [m&ldot;o-s], wool, Gr.
mallós
, wool, tuft, Lit. [millas], woolen stuff.
moll
, chaff, Ir. [moll] (O'R.), W. [mwl]:
[*muldo-]; Eng. [mould], Got. [mulda], dust, O.H.G. [molt], dust,
mould; root [mel], grind. Borrowed from Welsh?
mollachd
, a curse; the Northern form of
[mallachd], q.v.
mòlltair
, a mould; from Eng. [moulter],
[mould].
molltair
, miller's share of the grain or meal
(Lewis) = [multure]:
monahdh
, a mountain range, W. [mynydd], mons,
Cor. [menit], [meneth], O.Br. [-monid], M.Br. [menez], mountain:
[*monijo-], [*menijo-], root [men], eminere, Eng. [eminent]. Cf.
Welsh inscription [Monedorigi], "mountain-king"; also middle G. name
of St Andrews - [Rig-monath] (Chronicles). The Ir. [monadh] appears
only in Lh.; O'Br. gives [mónadh]. The G. word may have been borrowed
from the Picts along with the place-names in which it appears: it is
rare in Argyle topography.
monaid
, heed:
monais
, slowness, negligence; root [men],
stay, Gr.
ménw
.
monar
, a diminutive person or thing,
monaran
, a mote; see [munar].
monasg
, chaff, dross; from the root of the
above.>>
monmhur
,
monaghar
, a
murmuring noise, Ir. [monmhar], [monbhar], murmuring, [monghair],
[monghar], roaring: [*mon-mur]; cf. Lat. [murmur].
mór
, great, Ir. [mór], O.Ir. [mór], [már], W.
[mawr], O.W., Cor. [maur], Br. [meur], Gaul. [-mârós]; Gr.
-mwros
, great, famed (
&ecom;ghesí-mwros
) in spear-throw; Got. [-mêrs],
famed, [mêrian], proclaim, O.H.G. [mâri], famed, [-mar] in Germanic
names Ger. [märchen], a tale, Norse [mœrr], famous; Slav.
[-meru] ([Vladimir], etc.); Lat. [merus], Eng. [mere]. A shorter form
of the stem ([*mâro-]) appears in [mò], greater ([mâ]), q.v.
morbhach
, land liable to sea flooding, Ir.
[murbhach], M.Ir. [murmhagh]; from [muir] and [magh]. Hence the
locative [A' Mhor'oich], the G. name of Lovat. Aran Ir. [muirbheach],
sandy soil by the seaside.
morghath
, a fishing spear; "sea-spear", from
[muir] and [gath]? M.Ir. [murgai] (B.of Lis.).
mòrnan
, a small timber dish, Ir. [mórnán]:
mort
, murder, Ir. [mort], M.Ir. [martad],
slaughtering; from Lat. [mort-] of [mors], [mortis], death.
mortar
, mortar, Ir. [mortaoil]; from the Eng.
-KPD: Connection of [mortaoil] with [aol]?
mosach
, nasty, dirty; see [musach].
mosgail
, waken, arouse, Ir. [músguilim],
[músglaim], M.Ir. [romuscail], he awoke, [musclait], they wake:
[*imm-od-sc-al], root [sec] of [dùisg].
mosradh
, coarse dalliance,
mosraiche
, smuttiness; from [mos] with suffix [radh].
See [musach] for root.
mothaich
, perceive, Ir. [mothuighim], M.Ir.
[mothaigim], perceive, O.Ir. [mothaigid], stupeat (?); root [mot],
[met], Lit. [matyti], see, Lettic [matít], perceive, Ch.Slav.
[motriti], spectare, Gr.
mateúw
, seek.
mothan
, bog violet:
mòthar
, loud noise, swelling of the sea,
mothar
, noise as from a cave (M`A.):
mothar
, a park, clump of trees (Arm.), M.Ir.
[mothar], enclosure, a place studded with bushes:
mu
, about, Ir. [um], [im], O.Ir. [imb],
[imm-], W. [am], Cor., Br. [am-], [em], Gaul. [ambi]: [*ambi],
[*&mdot;bi]; Lat. [ambi-]; Gr.
&acom;mfí
;
Ag.S. [ymb].
muc
, a pig, Ir. [muc], O.Ir. [mucc], W.
[moch], pigs, Br. [moc'h], pigs: [*mukku-]; Lat. [mûcus], [muccus],
mucus; Gr.
múxa
, phlegm,
&acom;pomússw
, wipe the nose,
muktc/r
, nose; Skr. [muñcáti], let loose.
mucag
, a hip or hep, fruit of the dog-rose,
M.Ir. [mucóra]; from [muc] above. Cf. Gr.
múkcs
, a mushroom, from the same root.
mùch
, smother, press down, Ir., O.Ir.
[múchaim], also E.Ir. [múch], smoke, W. [mwg], smoke, Cor. [mok],
[megi], stifle, Br. [mik], suffocation, [miga], be suffocated,
[moguiet], smoke: [*mûko-], root [smûk], [smûg], ([smûgh], [smaugh]),
DMK [smûg] above was originally [sm^g]
Eng. [smoke], Gr.
smúhw
,
smoulder (
v
long). Stokes suggests old borrowing
from the Ag.S. Hence
mùchan
, a vent or chimney,
Ir. [múchán] (O'B.).
mùdan
, a covering, covering for a gun:
mugha
, destruction, decay, Ir. [múgha], a
perishing, straying, M.Ir. [mugud], slaying, [mogaim], I slay:
mugharn
, ankle, so Ir.; cf. W. [migwrn],
ankle, joint, Br. [migorn], cartilage, which Stokes compares to Lat.
[mucro], point.
muidhe
, a churn, E.Ir. [muide], a vessel,
[buide], a churn, W. [buddai], churn. Stokes compares [buide] and
[buddai] to Gr.
píqos
, jar, Lat.
[fedelia], pot, which is related to Eng. [body]. The form [muidhe]
has been compared to Lat. [modius], a peck, Fr. [muid], hogshead.
muidse
, a mutch; from the Sc. [mutch], Ger.
[mütze].
mùig
,
mùg
, cloudiness,
gloom, surliness, Ir. [múig]: [*munki-], root [muk], smoke, as in
[mùch]? Or [*mūggi-], allied to Eng. [muggy]?
muigh
,
a muigh
, outside;
see [mach].
muilceann
, fell-wort, Ir. [muilcheann]:
muileach
, dear, beloved: [*molico-], from
[mol], praise?
muileag
, a cranberry:
muileann
, a mill, so Ir., O.Ir. [mulenn],
[muilend], W., Corn., Br. [melin]; from Lat. [molîna], a mill,
[molo], grind (see [meil]). G.
muillear
, miller,
E.Ir. [muilleóir], is for [*muilneóir].
muileid
, a mukle, Ir. [múille]; from Lat.
[mulus].
muillean
, a husk, particle of chaff; from
[moll].
muillean
, a truss (of hay or straw): cf. Sc.
[mullio] (Orkney), and see under [mul], heap.
muillion
, a million, Ir. [milliun]; from the
L.Lat. [millionem], coined from [mille], a thousand.
muilteag
, a certain small red berry (Dial.
H.S.D.). See [muileag].
muime
, a step-mother, nurse, Ir. [buime],
[muime], a nurse, E.Ir. [mumme], nurse, stepmother: [*mud-s-mjâ],
nurse, "suckler", root [mud], suck; Lat. [mulier], woman; Gr.
múxw
, suck,
múdos
,
damp; Lit. [máudyti], bath. It has also been paralleled to Lat.
[mamma], Ger. [muhme], mother's sister, stepmother.
muin
, teach, instruct, Ir. [múinim], O.Ir.
[múnim]:
muin
, the back, Ir. [muin], E.Ir. [muin],
back, neck, W. [mwn], neck: [*moni-], neck; Skr. [mányâ], neck; Lat.
[monile], necklace; O.H.G. [menni], neck ornaments, Ag.S. [mene],
neck-chain; Ch.Slav. [monisto], necklace. See [muineal], [muing].
Gaulish had also
maniákcs
, collar or
torque.
mùin
, micturate, Ir. [mún], urine, E.Ir.
[mún], root [meu] [mû], befoul; Skr. [mū/tra] urine; possibly
also Lat. [mûto], [mutto], penis, E.Ir. [moth], ball ferda.
muineal
, the neck, Ir. [muineul], E.Ir.
[muinél], W. [mwnwgl]: [*moniklo-]; from [*moni-] of [muin], back,
q.v.
muineasach
, depressed (Glenmoriston):
muing
, a name, Ir. [muing], O.Ir. [mong], W.
[myng] (m.), M.Br. [móe], Br. [moue]: [*mongâ], [*mongo-], root [mon]
of [muin], back, q.v. Further is Eng. [mane], Norse [mön], Ger.
[mähne]; Swed. and Dan. [manke] is especially close to Gaelic.
muinichill
,
muilichinn
(Arg.), a sleeve, Ir. [muinichille], [muinchille], E.Ir. [munchille];
from Lat. [manicula], [manica], long sleeve, from [manus], hand.
muinighin
, confidence, trust, so Ir., E.Ir.
[muinigin]; from [*moni-], love, desire, Norse [munr], love, O.Sax.
[munilîk], lovable; root [men], think (Lat. [mens], Eng. [mind],
etc.).
muinne
, stomach (Arg.). Cf. [mionach].
muinnte
,
munnda
,
beauteous; cf. Lat. [mundus].
mùinnteachd
, disposition (Dial.); for root
see [muinighin], and cf. O.Ir. [muiniur], I think.
muinntir
, household, people, Ir. [muinntir],
O.Ir. [muinter], [muntar]. This is regarded by Stokes, Zimmer, and
Güterbock as an early borrowing from the Lat. [monasterium],
monastery; the word [familia] is often applied to monasteries by Irish
writers.
muir
, the sea, Ir. [muir], O.Ir. [muir], gen.
[mora], W. [môr], Cor., Br. [mor], Gaul. [mor-]: [*mori-], sea; Lat.
[mare]; Eng. [mere], Ger. [meer]; Ch.Slav. [morje].
mùire
, leprosy; from [mùr], a countless
number, q.v.
muirgheadh
, a fisihing spear; see [morghath].
muirichinn
, children, family, Ir.
[muiridhin], a charge, family: [*mori-], care, charge, root [mer],
[smer], remember; Lat. [memoria], memory; Gr.
mérimna
, care; Skr. [smarati], think, mind,
[*mori-gen-].
mùirn
, joy, affection, Ir. [múirn], [múirnín]
(Eng. [mavourneen], my darling), M.Ir. [múirn], [muirn]: [*morni-],
root [mor], [mer], [smer], as in [muirichinn] above.
mùiseag
, a threat,
muiseag
(Arm.); from [mus] of [musach].
muisean
, a mean, sordid fellow; see [musach]
for the root.
mùisean
, a primrose, Ir. [múiseán] (O'B.):
muiseal
, a muzzle, Ir. [muisiall]; from the
Eng.
muisginn
, an English pint, mutchkin; from the
Sc. [mutchkin], Dutch [mutsje], an eighth part of a bottle.
mul
, a conical heap, mound, Ir. [mul],
[moil], E.Ir. [mul-], eminence: [*mulu-]; cf. Norse [múli], jutting
crag, "mull", Ger. [maul], snout. Cf. Gr. [mulon], little heap of
dried grass. [mul-conain], conical suppurating sore.
mul
, axle, Ir. [mul], [mol], shaft; cf. Gr.
melíc
, ash, spear.
mulachag
, a cheese, Ir., M.Ir. [mulchán]:
mulad
, sadnmess; root [mu], mutter?
mulart
, dwarf elder, Ir. [mulabhúrd],
[malabhúr], [mulart] (O'B.):
mulc
, push, butt; cf. Lat. [mulceo], [mulco],
stroke, beat.
mulc
, a shapeless lump, lump;
mulcan
, a pustule; cf. [meall]:
mullach
, the top, Ir., O.Ir. [mullach]:
[*muldâko-], [*muldo-], top, head; Ag.S. [molda], crown of the head;
Skr. [mûrdhán], top, head.
mult
, a wedder, Ir., O.Ir. [molt], W.
[mollt], Cor. [mols], vervex, Br. [maout], a sheep (mas.): [*molto-],
root [mel], [mol], crush, grind, "mutilate"; Russ. [molit&ibreve;],
cut, cut up, O.H.G. [muljan], triturate. Hence M.Lat. [multo], whence
Fr. [mouton], a sheep, Eng. [mutton].
munar
, a trifle, a trifling person,
monar
, diminutive person or thing:
minganachd
, bullying:
mùnloch
, a puddle, Ir. [múnloch], gen.
[múnlocha]; from [mún] and [loch].
mur
, unless, Ir. [muna] (Donegal Ir. [mur];
Monaghan has [amur] = [acht muna], unless), M.Ir. [mun], [moni],
[mona], E.Ir., O.Ir. [mani]; from [ma], if, and [ni], not: "if not".
The G.
r
for
n
is possibly
due to the influence of [gur] and of the verbal particl [ro-] (in
[robh]); [mun-robh] becoming [mur-robh].
mùr
, a wall, bulwark, palace, Ir., E.Ir.
[múr], W. [mur]; from Lat. [mûrus], a wall.
mùr
, countless number (as of insects), E.Ir.
[múr], abundance; Gr.
muríos
(
u
long), countless, ten thousand; Skr. [bhûri], many.
Stokes compares rather Gr.
-mura
of
plc/mura
(
u
long),
plcmurís
(
u
short
or long), flood tide, flood.
mùr
, leprosy =
countless number.
muran
, sea-bent, Ir. [muraineach], bent
grass; from [muir], the sea. Norse has [mura], goose-grass.
murcach
, sorrowful, Ir. [murcach], [múrcach];
cf. M.Br. [morchet], anxiety, now [morc'hed], Cor. [moreth], chagrin.
Eng. [murky], Norse [myrkr] could only be allied by borrowing. Cf.
Lat. [marceo], droop.
mùrla
, a coat of mail:
murlach
, the king-fisher:
murlag
,
murluinn
, a kind
of basket,
murlach
, fishing basket (M`A.), Ir.
[muirleog], a rod basket for sand eels and wilks (Donegal). Cf. Sc.
[murlain], a narrow-mouthed basket of a round form.
murlan
, rough head of hair:
murrach
, able, rich, [murrtha], successful,
M.Ir. [muire], [muiredach], lord, Murdoch; Ag.S. [maere], clarus,
Norse [maerr], famous (Stokes), same root as [mór].
murt
, murder; see [mort].
murtachd
, sultry heat, weariness produced by
heat:
mus
, before, ere; cf. O.Ir. [mos], soon, mox,
used as a verbal particle; it is allied to [moch], being from
[*moqsu], Lat. [mox].
musach
, nasty, Ir. [mosach] (O'R., Sh.), W.
[mws], effluvia, stinking, Br. [mous], muck, [mouz], crepitus ventris:
[*musso-], [*mud-so-], root [mud], be foul or wet; Gr.
músos
(=
múd-sos
),
defilement,
múdos
, clamminess, decay;
Lit. [mudas], dirty sea-grass: root [mu] ([mū]), soil, befoul,
G. [mùin], Eng. [mud], etc.
musg
, a musket, Ir. [músgaid], L.M.Ir.
[muscaed] (F.M.); from the Eng.
mùsg
, rheum about the eyes, gore of the eyes;
from the root [mû], befoul, be wet, as discussed under [musach],
[mùin].
musgan
, dry-rot in wood, Ir. [musgan],
mustiness, mouldiness; Lat. [muscus], moss; Eng. [moss], [mushroom];
Lit. [musai] (pl.), mould. This word is not in H.S.D., but it is
implied in Arm. and is in M`E.; also in common use.
mùsgan
, pith of wood, porous part of a bone
(H.S.D.). Armstron gives also the meanings attached to
musgan
, above; the words are evidently the same.
mùsgan
, the horse fish:
mùsuinn
, confusion, tumult, Ir. [múisiún],
codlata, hazy state preceding sleep. From Eng. [motion]?
mutach
, short, E.Ir. [mut], everything short:
[*mutto-], root [mut], dock; Lat. [mutilus], maimed (Eng. [mutilate]),
[muticus], docked; Gr.
mítulos
,
hornless.
mùtan
,
mutan
, a muff,
fingerless glove, also
mutag
(Arms.); from
[miotag], with a leaning on [mutach], short. Thurneysen takes
it from [mutach] without reference to [miotag]. Ir. has
[muthóg] (Con.).
mùth
, change, M.W. [mudaw]; from Lat. [mûto],
I change.
n-
, from, in
a nuas
,
a nìos
, Ir., O.Ir. [an-]; see
a
number 5.>>
na
, not, ne, Ir., O.Ir. [na]: used with the
imperative mood solely. It is an ablaut and independent form of the
neg. prefix [in] (see [ion-], [an-]), an ablaut of I.E. [nê], Lat.
[nê], Gr.
nc-
; shorter from Lat.
[n&ebreve;-], Got. [ni], Eng. [not] (ne-á-wiht]), etc.; further I.E.
[&ndot;-], Gr.
&acom;n-
, Lat. [in-], Eng.
[un-], Gaelic [an-]. See [nach], which is connected herewith as Gr.
o&ucom;k
,
o&ucom;
; the W. is [nac], [nag], with imperative,
Br. [na].
na
, or, vel, Ir. [ná], E.Ir., O.Ir. [nó], W.
[neu]: [*nev] (Stokes, who allies it to Lat. [nuo], nod, Gr.
neúw
, Skr. [návate], go remove; but, in 1890,
Bez. Beit.
16
51, he refers it to the root
[nu], Eng. [now]). It can hardly be separated from [neo], otherwise,
q.v. Strachan agrees.
na
, than, Ir. [ná], M.Ir. [iná], E.Ir.
[inda], [indás], O.Ir. [ind as], [indás], pl. [indate] (read
[indáte]); from the prep. [in] and [tá], to be (Zeuss
2
, 716-7, who refers to the other prepositional
comparative conjunction [oldaas], from [ol], de). The use of [in] in
O.Ir. as the relative locative may also be compared.
na
, what, that which, id quod, M.Ir. [ina],
[ana], inna n-], E.Ir. [ana n-]; for [an a], O.Ir. rel. [an] (really
neuter of art.) and G. rel
a
, which see. Descent
from [ni] or [ni], without any relative, is favoured by Book of Deer,
as [do ni thíssad], of what would come. Possibly from both sources.
'na
,
'na-
, in his, in her,
in (my); the prep. [an] with the possessive pronouns:
'nam
,
'nar
,
'nad
(also
ad
, E.Ir. [at], [it]),
'nur
,
'na
,
'nan
.
nàbaidh
,
nàbuidh
, a
neighbour; from the Norse [ná-búi], neighbour, "nigh-dweller", the
same in roots as Eng. [neighbour].
nach
, not, that not (conj.), that not = quin
(rel), noone? Ir., E.Ir. [nach], W. [nac], [nag], not, Br. [na]:
[*nako], from [na], not, which see above, and [ko] or
k
as in Gr.
o&ucom;k
against
o&ucom;
(Stokes). The [ko] has
been usually referred to the same pronominal origin as [-que] in Lat.
[neque]; it does appear in [neach].
nàdur
, nature, Ir. [nádúr], W. [natur]; from
Lat. [natura].
naid
, a lamprey (Sh., O'B.), Ir. [naid]:
naidheachd
, news, Ir. [núaidheachd], W.
[newyddion]; from [nuadh], new.
nàile
, yea! an interjection:
nàird
,
a nàird
, upwards,
Ir. [anáirde], E.Ir. [i n-ardi], [i n-airddi]; prep. [in] (now [an])
into, and [àirde], height: "into height". This adverb is similar in
construction to [a bhàn], [a mach], [a steach], etc., for which see
a
number 6.>>
nàire
, shame, Ir. [náire], E.Ir. [náre]:
[*nagro-], shameful, root [nagh], be sober, Gr.
nc/fw
(do.), Ger. [nüchtern], fasting, sober.
nàisneach
, modest; compare the next word.>>
nàistinn
, care, wariness; from Norse [njósn],
spying, looking out, Got. [niuhseini], visitation (
&ecom;piskopc/
), Ag.S. [neósan], search out.
naitheas
, harm, mischief:
nall
, from over, to this side, Ir., O.Ir.
[annall]; from [an] (see
a
5>>) and [all] of
[thall], q.v.
nàmhaid
, an enemy, Ir. [námhaid], g.
[namhad], O.Ir. [náma], g. [námat], pl.n. [námait]: [*nâmant-], root
[nôm], [nem], seize, take; Gr.
némesis
,
wrath, nemesis,
nwmáw
,
némw
, distribute; O.H.G. [nâma], rapine, Ger.
[nehmen], take, Eng. [nimble]; Zend. [nemanh], crime, Alb. [name], a
curse. Cf. W., Corn., and Br. [nam], blame.
na'n
, ([na'm]), if (with false supposition),
M.G. [dane], [da n-], [da m-] (D.of Lis.), Ir. [da], [dá] (for [da
n-], eclipsing), E.Ir. [dá n-], [día n-], O.Ir. [dian]: the prep. [di]
or [de] and rel. [an]; Manx [dy]. The G. form with
n
for
d
is puzzling, though its
descent from [da n-] seems undoubted.
naoi
, nine, so Ir., O.Ir. [nói n-], W., Corn.
[naw], Br. [nao]: [*neu&ndot;]; Lat. [novem]; Gr.
&ecom;n-néa
; Eng. [nine], Ger. [neun]; Skr. [návan].
naoidhean
, an infant, so Ir., O.Ir. [nóidiu],
gen. [nóiden]: [*ne-vid-], "non-witted"? Cf. for force Gr.
nc/pios
, infant (=
nc-pios
, not-wise one), from
-pi
f
os
, wise,
pinutós
(do.), root [qei] of [ciall], q.v. So
Stokes in Celt.Ph.
2
; now [*no-vidiôn] ([no] =
[ne]); cf. Gr.
nc/pios
.
naomh
, holy, Ir. [naomh], E.Ir. [nóem],
[nóeb], O.Ir. [nóib]: [*noibo-s]; O.Pers. [naiba], beautiful, Pers.
[nîw] (do.). Bez. suggests the alternative of Lettic [naigs], quite
beautiful.
naosga
, a snipe, Ir. [naosga]: [*snoib-sko-],
root [sneib], [snib] of Eng. [snipe]?
nar
, negative particle of wishing: [*ni-air],
for not; [air] and [nì].
nàsag
, an empty shell:
nasg
, a band, tieband, collar, Ir., E.Ir.
[nasc]: [*nasko-]; O.H.G. [nusca], fibula, Norse [nist], brooch:
[*&ndot;dh-sko-], root [&ndot;dh] (Brug.). The verg [nasg], O.Ir.
[-nascim], appears in Br. as [naska]. The root [nedh] is in Skr.
[nahyati]. Others make the root [negh] of Lat. [nexus], etc., and the
root [snet] of [snàth], q.v., has been suggested. See [snaim]
further.
nasgaidh
, gratis, free, Ir. [a n-aisge],
freely, [aisge], a gift. See [asgaidh].
natar
, nitre; from Eng. [natron], [nitre],
nathair
, a serpent, so Ir., O.Ir. [nathir],
W. [neidr], Corn. [nader], M.Br. [azr]: [*natrîx]; Lat. [natrix],
water snake; Got. [nadrs], Norse [naðr], Eng. [adder]. The Teutonic
words are regarded by Kluge as scarcely connected with Lat. [natrix],
whose root is [nat], swim.
-ne
, emphatic participle added to the pl. of
1st pers. pron. [sin-ne], [ar n-athair-ne], "our father"; O.Ir. [ni],
[-ni], used independently (= [nos]) and as a suffix. See further
under [sinne].
neach
, anyone, Ir. [neach], O.Ir. [nech],
aliquis, W., Cor., Br. [nep], [neb], quisquam: [*neqo-], [ne-qo-];
Lit. [nekàs], something, [nekúrs], quidam, Let.. [ká ne ká], anyhow.
Stokes takes the [ne] from the negative root [ne] (se [na]); the [qo]
is the pronominal stem of the interrogative (cf. Lat. [-que],
[neque]).
nead
, a nest, Ir. [nead], E.Ir. [net], W.
[nyth], Corn. [neid], Br. [nez], [neiz]: [*nizdo-s]; Lat. [nîdus];
Eng. [nest]; Skr. [nîdas]. Supposed to be from [*ni-sed-], "sit
down".
nèamh
, heaven, Ir. [neamh], O.Ir. [nem], W.,
Corn. [nef], M.Br. [neff], now [env]: [*nemos]; Skr. [námas], bowing,
reverence; Lat. [nemus], grove; Gr.
némos
, pasture: root [nem], distribute, Gr.
némw
(do.), Ger. [nehmen], take.
Gaulish has
nemcton
or
nemeton
, O.Ir. [nemed], sacellum. Often, and
lately (1895) by Prof. Rhys, referred to the root [nebh], be cloudy,
Gr.
néfos
, cloud, Lat. [nebula] (see
[neul]); but the Gaelic nasalized [èa] is distinctly against this, as
also is the Br. [env] (Stokes).
neamhnuid
, a pearl, Ir. [meamhunn], M.Ir.
[niamnuid], pearl, E.Ir. [nemanda], pearly, O.Ir. [ném], onyx (for
[nem]?); root [nem] of [nèamh].
neanntag
, nettle, Ir. [neantóg], E.Ir.
[nenntai], nettles, [nenaid]. See [deanntag].
neapaicin
, a napkin, Ir. [naipicín]; from
Eng.
nèarahd
, happiness, usually
mo
nèarachd
, lucky to, Ir. [moigheanéar], happy is he (O'B.), [is
meanar duit-se], happy it is for you (O'Growney), M.Ir. [mo ghenar
duit], good luck to you (F.M.), [mongenar] (L.B.), E.Ir. [mogenar].
The root seems to be [mag] (I.E. [magh]), increase (see [mac]); cf.
Lat. [macte], root, [mak], great.
nearag
, a daughter (Oss. Ballads); if a word
properly handed down, it is interesting to compare it with the root of
the following.>>
neart
, strength, Ir. [neart], O.Ir. [nert],
W., Corn. [nerth], Br. [nerz], Gaul. [nerto-], root [ner]; Skr. [nár],
man; Gr.
&acom;nc/r
(root [ner]); Lat.
Umbr. [nerus], viros, Sab. [Nero], fortis; Teut. [Nerthus], Norse
[Njörðr]; Lit. [nore@?ti], to will.
neas
, weazel; see [nios].
neasg
,
neasgaid
, a boil,
Ir. [neascóid], E.Ir. [nescoit]: [*ness-conti-], from E.Ir. [ness],
wound ([*snit-so-], root [snit], cut. Ger. [schneide], S. [sned]), and
[-conti-] found in [urchoid]? Stokes regards E.Ir. [ness], wound, as
from [*nesko-], root [neg].
neimh
, poison, Ir. [nimh], [neimh], O.Ir.
[nem], pl. [neimi]: [*nemes-], "something given", root [nem-],
distribute (as in [nèamh])?
nèip
, a turnip; from the Sc. [neep], M.Eng.
[nēpe], from Lat. [nâpus].
neo
,
air neo
, otherwise,
alioquin (conj.); see next.>>
neo-
, un-, Ir. [neamh-], [neimh-], M.Ir.
[nem], O.Ir. [neb-], [neph-]: [*ne-bo-]; the [ne] is the negative seen
in [na], [ni], but the [bo] is doubtful. Zimmer suggests that
b
is what remains of the subj. of [bu], be: "be not".
neòinean
,
neònan
, the
daisy, Ir. [nóinin]: "noon-flower", from [nòin], noon. Cf. the Eng.
[daisy] for force.
neònach
, eccentric, curious: [*neo-gnàthach],
"unwont".
neonagan
, a stye in the eye (Arg.); cf.
[leamhnad]. Also [steònagan]; cf. Sc. [styen].
neoni
, nothing, a trifle, O.Ir. [nephní];
from [neo-] and [ni], thing.
neul
,
nial
, a cloud, Ir.
[neul], O.Ir. [nél], pl.acc. [níula], W. [niwl], mist: [*neblo-s];
Lat. [nebula]; Gr.
nefélc
; Ger. [nebel],
mist; O.Slav. [nebo], sky; Skr. [nabhas], mist.
ni
, not, Ir. [ní], O.Ir. [ní], [ni], W. [ni]:
[*nei]; O.Lat. [nei], Lat. [ni-], [nê]; O.H.Ger. [ni], Ger. [nein];
O.Slav. [ni], neque; Zend [naê]; Gr.
nc-
. Thur. says [*ne-est] = [*nést], Celtic
[níst], [nìs], [ni h-] non-aspirating.
ni
, a thing, Ir. [nidh], O.Ir. [ní], res,
probably a curtailed form of O.Ir. [aní], id quod, from the art.neut.
and the pronominal suffix [ei], which Zimmer compares to Got. [ei],
that (conj.), [sa-ei], [that-ei], which is either the locative of
pronominal [o-] (Gr.
e&icom;
, I.E. [ei-so],
this here), or the particle seen in Gr.
o&ubcom;tos-í
(
i
long), an
instrumental of Lat. [is], Gaelic
e
, he. Some
have regarded [ni] as from [*gnithe], factum, which see in [ní], will
do.
nì
, cattle; this is the same as [ni], thing.
nì
, will do, Ir. [gním], I do, O.Ir. [dogní],
facit; see [dèan], [gnìomh].
niata
, courageous, Ir. [nia], gen. [niadh], a
champion, [niadhas], valour, M.Ir. [forniatta], brave, E.Ir. [nia], g.
[níath], possibly Ogam [neta], [netta] (*nêta]?): [*neid-], Gr.
&ocom;neidos
, revile, Lit. [náids], hatred,
Skr. [nind], mock, or [*ni-sed-], down-setter? Rhys ([Lect.]) cfs.
the Teut. [nanþ], venture, strive; this would give Gaelic preserved
d
.
nic
, female patronymic prefix, M.Gaelic [nee]
(D.of L.), Ir. [ní], M.Ir. [iní], an abbreviation of O.Ir. [ingen],
now [inghean] or
[nighean] and [ui], nepotis (Stokes).
The G. [nic], really "grand-daughter", stands for [inghean mhic] or
[ní mhic]; we have recorded in 1566 [Ne V
c
Kenze] (M`Leod Charters).
nigh
, wash, Ir. [nighim], E.Ir. [nigim],
O.Ir. [dofonuch], lavo, [nesta], laveris: [*ligô], I.E.
[nei&gcurly;ô]; Gr.
nízw
,
níptw
; Eng. [nick], [Auld Nick], a water power,
Ger. [nix]; Skr. [nij], clean.
nighean
, a daughter; a corruption of
[inghean], q.v.
nimh
, poison, Ir. [nimh]; see [neimh].
nior
, not (with perfect tense), Ir. [níor],
E.Ir. [nír] = [ní-ro]; [ro] is the sign of past tenses.
nios
,
neas
, a weazel, Ir.
[neas], [eas(óg)], O.Ir. [ness]:
nìos
, from below, up, Ir. [aníos], E.Ir.
[anís]; from [an] (see
a
number 5>>) and [ìos].
nis
, now, Ir. [anois], M.Ir. [anosa], E.Ir.
[innossai], O.Ir. [indossa]; [ind] (now [an]) of the article and G.
[fois], rest. The word appears in
a bhos
, q.v.
The form [indorsa], this hour (= now), is rejected by Ascoli as a
misspelling for [indossa].
ni 's
, id quod, the usual classical Gaelic
with the verb substantive to denote comparative state:
tha i ni's fheàrr
, she is better, Ir [nios], M.Ir. [ní
is]: "thing that is", from [ni] and [is]. The usual and true Gaelic
form
na 's
is not a degraded form of Ir. [ni 's].
The G. [na] of [na 's] is simply
na
= id quod (see
na
); the Ir. is some mediæval development with
[ní], for old [ana], id quod, was lost, the simple
a
(art.) being used now in its stead, as in O.Ir. As
it was impossible to use
a
in the comparative
construction with clearness, recourse was had to [ní is]. Thus Ir.:
An tan do thógradh ní ba mó do dheunamh = G. An [tan] a thogradh e na
bu mhò a dhèanamh. Hence
ni 's
should never have
been used in Sc. Gaelic.
niùc
, a corner; from the Sc. [neuk], M.Eng.
[nōk]. Dial.
iùc
. Skeat thinks the Eng. is
the borrower.
no
, or, vel, Ir. [ná], E.Ir., O.Ir. [nó], W.
[neu]; see [na].
nochd
, to-night, Ir. [anochd], O.Ir.
[innocht], hac nocte: the art. and [nochd], night, W. [henoeth], corn.
[neihur], Br. [neyzor], [nos]: [*nokti-]; Lat. [nox], [noctis]; Gr.
núx
,
nuktós
; Got. [nahts], Eng. [night]; Lit.
[naktìs]; Skr. [nákti].
nochd
, naked, Ir. [nochdadh], manifestation,
O.Ir. [nnocht], W. [noeth], Corn. [noyth], Br. [noaz]: [*noqto-]; Got.
[naqaþs], O.H.G. [nacot], Eng. [naked]; further cf. Lat. [nûdus]
([*nogvidus]); Slav. [nagŭ]; Skr. [nagná].
nodadh
, a nod, suggestion; from the Eng.
nodha
, new; see [nuadh].
noig
, the anus:
noig
, old-fashioned face; [noigeiseach],
snuffy; [noigeanach] (D. Bàn):
noigean
, a noggin, Ir. [noigin]; from the
Eng. [noggin]. Skeat thinks the Eng. are the borrowers; but this is
unlikely.
nòin
, noon, Ir. [nóin], g. [nóna], evening,
noon, E.Ir. [nóin], [nóna], W. [nawn]; from the Lat. [nôna] hora,
ninth hour of the day, or 3 o'clock.
noir
, the east, Ir. [anoir], O.Ir. [anair],
"from before", if one looks at the morning sun; from [an] (see
a
number 5>>) and [air].
nollaig
, Christmas, Ir. [nodlog], E.Ir.
[notlaic], W. [nadolig]; from Lat. [natalicia], the Nativity.
norra
, a wink of sleep (Arran),
norradh
(M`Rury):
nòs
, a custom, Ir., E.Ir. [nós], W. [naws],
M.Br. [neuz]: [*nomzo-], Gr.
nomos
,
law, Lat. [numerus]. Thurneysen thinks the Gadelic words are borrowed
from the Welsh [naws], from [gnaws] (see [gnàth]). Stokes gives
[*nomso-] as stem for Gadelic alone; the W. he regards as from [gnâ],
as above. The ideal stem would be [*nâsto-], root [nâd].
nòs
, a cow's first milk, E.Ir. [nus]; from
[nua], new, and [ass], milk.
nòtair
, a notary, Ir. [nótadóir], O.Ir.
[notire]; from Lat. [notarius].
nothaist
, a foolish person:
nuadarrra
, angry, surly; see [nuarranta].
nuadh
, new, Ir. [núadh], O.Ir. [nue],
[núide], W. [newydd], O.Br. [nouuid], Br. [neuez], Gaul. [novio-]:
[*novio-s]; Lat. [novus], Novius]; Gr. [néos], young, new; Got.
[niujis], Eng. [new]; Lit. [naújas]; Skr. [navya].
'nuair
, when, "the hour that", Ir. [anuair],
E.Ir. [innúair]: the art. and word [uair], q.v.
nuall
,
nuallan
, a howling,
cry, Ir. [nuaill], E.Ir. [núall]: [*nouslo-n]; Skr. [nu], cry,
[navati]; Lettic [nauju], cry; O.H.G. [niumo], praise, rejoicing.
nuarranta
, sad, surly; cf. the Ir.
interjection [mo nuar], my woe, root [nu] as above.
nuas
, down, from above, Ir. [anuas]; see
a
number 5>> and [uas].
nuaig
, as far as, O.G. [gonice] (B. of Deer),
Ir. [nuige], [go nuige], E.Ir. [connici]: [*con-do-icci]; see [thig],
come.
nuimhir
, number, so Ir.; from Lat. [numerus].
Usually [uimhir], q.v.
'n uiridh
, last year, Ir.
'nuraidh
, E.Ir. [innuraid]; the art. and O.Ir. dat.
[urid]. See [uiridh].
null
, over, to beyond; for [nunn] on the
analogy of [nall], and for dissimilation of the
n
s. See [nunn], the only Argyllshire form.
nunn
, over, beyond, Ir. [anonn], O.L.
[inunn]; from the prep. [an] (see
a
5>>) and
[sund], here ("from here"), W. [hwnt], Br. [hont]: ([so-u-to-s]),
this. The pronominal forms beginning in [so] and [to], or
s
and
t
without
o
, are all from the roots [so] and [to] ultimately.
o
, the interjection "O! oh!" Ir.
o
; see vocative
a
.
o
, from,
ab
, Ir. [ó],
O.Ir. [ó], [ua] ([hó], [hua]): [*ava]; Skr. [áva], away, off; Lat.
[au-], as in [aufero], take away; Ch.Sl. [u-], Pruss. [au-]. Also
bho
, q.v.
o
, since, when, with the rel. as
o 'n
, Ir. [ó], O.Ir. [ó], ex quo; it is merely the
prep.
o
used as a conjunction.
ob
, refuse, Ir. [obaim], O.Ir. [obbaim],
[obbad] (inf.); referred to [ud-bad], "out-speak", the prefix [ud-],
out (allied to Eng. [out], Skr. [ud], out, of) and [ba], speak, I.E.
[bha], Lat. [fari], Gr.
fa
in
fcmí
. Ascoli gives the root as [ben] (see
[bean]), repellere.
òb
, a creek; from NNorse [hóp], small
land-locked bay, Sc. [hope], Ag.S. [hóp], valley.
obaidh
, a charm; see [ubag].
obair
, a work, so Ir., E.Ir. opair], [oper],
O.Ir. [opred], operatio; from Lat. [opus] (g. [operis]), [opera].
++
obair
, a confluence; the usual pronunciation of
the [Aber-] in place names. See [abar].
obann
, sudden, Ir. [obann], E.Ir. [opond]:
[*od-bond], e vestigio, from [bonn]? Stokes refers it to the root of
Gr.
&acom;/fnw
, O.Slav. [abije],
immediately, suggesting [*ob-nó-]. W. [buan] also suggests itself.
ocar
, interest on money, Ir. [ocar], W.
[ocr]; from Norse [okr], usury, Ag.S. [wocer], Got. [wokrs], Ger.
[wucher]; root [ve&gcurly;].
och
, an interjection, alas! Ir. [och], [uch],
O.Ir. [uch], vae, [ochfad], sighing: [*uk]; Got. [aúhjôn], make a
noise, Norse [ugla], Eng. [owl]; Let. [auka], stormwind, Srb. [uka],
a cry.
ochd
, eight, Ir. [ochd], O.Ir. [ocht n-], W.
[wyth] ([*okti]), Br. [eiz]: [*oktô]; Lat. [octo]; Gr.
&ocom;ktw/
; Got. [ahtau]; Skr. [ashtaú].
ochòin
, alas, Ir. [och ón]; literally "alas
this"! From [och] and the old pronoun [ón], discussed under [eadhon].
ocras
, hunger, Ir. [ocrus], [ocarus], E.Ir.
[accorus]. See [acras]. The Lat. [careo], want, may be suggested as
allied; root [ker], [kor].
od
, yonder, yon; see [ud].
oda
, tongue of land; [oddr].
oda
, horse-race (Uist), race, race-course
(Carm.); cf. N. [at], horse-fight.
odhar
, dun, so Ir., E.Ir. [odar]: [*odro-s],
for [*odh-ro-], shady, Lat. [umbra] (= [*o-n-dhra]), [âter], dark,
Umbrian [adro], atra. Bez. suggests, with query, [*jodras], allied
to Lit. [jůdas], dark. Thurneysen has referred [*odro-s] to
I.E. [udro-], otter, hydra, watery, the idea being "otter-like" or
"water-like" (Gr.
&ubcom;/dwr
, Eng.
[water]).
ofrail
, an offering, Ir. [ofráil], M.Ir.
[offráil], E.Ir. [oifrend]; from Lat. [offerendum].
òg
, young, Ir. [óg], O.Ir. [óc], [óac], W.
[ieuanc], Corn. [iouenc], Br. [iaouank], Gaul. [Jovinc-illos]:
[*jov&ndot;ko-s], comparative [jovôs]; Lat. [juvenis], [juvencus]; Eng.
[young], Got. [juggs]; Skr. [yuvaçá], juvenile, [júvan], young.
ogha
, grandchild, Ir. [ó], [ua], g. [ui], a
grandson, descendant, O.Ir. [ua], [aue], [haue], g. [haui]:
[*(p)avio-s]; Gr.
país
, for [pafís],
boy; further Lat. [puer], for [pov-er]; W. [wyr]; root [pu], [pav],
[pov], beget. Brug. ([Grund.
2
122) refers it
to [*avio-s], an adj. from [avo-s], grandfather, etc., Lat. [avus].
Eng. [eame]. ++
oghum
, the "Ogam" writing, so Ir.,
E.Ir. [ogum], [Ogma ma Elathan] (son of knowledge), the Hercules of
the Gaelic gods, Gaul. [Ogmios], the Gaul. Hercules and god of
eloquence: [*Ogambio-s]. Cf. Gr.
&ocom;/gmos
(
*g-mos
?),
a furrow, line, Skr. [ájmas], course, run, root [ag]: the comparison
is very doubtful. See [oidheam].
òglach
, a youth, servant, Ir. [óglach], O.Ir.
[óclach]; from [óg] and suffix [-lach] (see [teaglach]).
ogluidh
, gloomy, awful, bashful, Ir.
[ogluidh], bashful; from Norse [uggligr], fearful, Eng. [ugly].
oich
, interjectionn of pain, Ir., O.Ir.
[uch]. See [och].
oide
, foster-father, step-father, Ir. [oide],
O.Ir. [aite]: [*attio-s]; Gr.
&acom;/tta
,
father; Got. [atta], father; Ch.Sl. [otici], father; Skr. [attâ],
mother.
oidhche
,
oiche
, night, Ir.
[oidhche], O.Ir. [aidche], later [oidche], also [adaig]: [*ad-aqiâ],
[*ad-aqî], root [aq], dark; Lat. [aquilus], dark; Lit. [aklas], blind;
Gr.
&acom;/karon
, blind (Hes.). Skr.
[andhas], darkness, with root [andh], [adh], Lat. [ater], etc., have
been suggested, the [ad] of [*ad-aqia] being made the root and not the
[aq] (see [odhar]). ++
oidheadh
, tragical death, so
Ir., E.Ir. [oided], [aided]; root [pad], [ped], fall, Lat. [pestis]
(Stokes). See [eas].
oidheam
, a secret meaning, inference, idea
(M`A., M`E.), a book (M`F., H.S.D.). Properly [oigheam], the same as
[ogham] above (zeuss, Rhys' [Hib.Lect.]).
oidheirp
,
oirpe
, an
attempt: [*ad-erb-], root [erb] of [earb], q.v.?
oifig
, an office, Ir. [oifig], M.Ir.
[oifficc]; from Lat. [officium] (Eng. [office]).
òigeach
, a stallion, young horse; from [òg]
and [each]. Commonly
àigeach
, q.v.
òigh
, a virgin, Ir. [óigh], E.Ir. O.Ir. [óg],
[uag], integer: [*augi-], root [au&gcurly;], increase; Lat. [augeo];
Got. [áukan], increase; Lit. [áugu], (Brug.). Bez. (in Stokes'
[Urkel.Spr.]) suggests Czech [pouhý], pure, and a stem [*pougo-s].
oigheam
, obedience, homage; cf. [gaidhe].
oighionnach
,
aigheannach
,
a thistle (Perth, according to M`A.): see [fobhannan].
oighre
, ice, Ir. [oidhir], M.Ir. [óigred],
E.Ir. [aigred], snow; see [deigh].
oighre
, an heir, so Ir., M.Ir. [oigir];
founded on Lat. [heres], possibly on M.Eng. [heir] rather, which is
from [heres].
oighreag
, cloudberry; founded on Sc.
[averin].
oil
, vexation, offence, Ir. ++[oil]. The
E.Ir. [áil] has
a
long, and is for [agli-], Got.
[agls], disgraceful (Strachan). The G. is perhaps from the root of
[oillt].
oil
, rear, educate, Ir. [oilim], O.Ir.
[ailim]; root [al] as in [altrum].
oilbheum
, offence, stumbling-block, Ir.
[oilbhéim], M.Ir. [ailbéim]: "stone-dashing", "stone-stumbling"; from
[ail], rock, and [beum], blow, q.v. (Atk.).
oilean
,
eilean
, training,
nurture, Ir. [oileamhuin], nurture, M.Ir. [oilemain], inf. to
[ailim], I rear; root [al], as in [altrum], q.v.
oillt
, horror, disgust, Ir. [oilt]:
[*aleti-], root [pal], strike, whence Lat. [palma], palm, [palpo],
palpitate, etc.?
oineach
, liberality, Ir. [oineach], mercy,
liberality. See [eineach].
òinid
, a fool, Ir. [óinmhid], E.Ir. [óinmit],
[onmit]; from [ón-], foolish, and [ment], mind. See next.>>
òinnseach
, a foolish woman, Ir. [óinseach];
from [ón], foolish, and the feminine termination [-seach].
oir
, edge, border, Ir., E.Ir., O.Ir. [or], W.
[gor-or], ora superior: [*oro-]. Cf. Lat. [ôra], coast, from which
Thur. regards it as borrowed; it is not allied to Ger. [ufer], coast.
oir
, for, O.Ir. [ar], [air]; the prep. [air]
(*[are]) used as a conj. The Ir. [óir], because, for, O.Ir. [óre],
[úare], abl. of O.Ir. [uar], [huar], is from Lat. [hôra], Gaelic
[uair].
oir-
, prefix denoting "ad" or "on", Ir.
[oir-], O.Ir. [air-], [ar-]; this is the prep. [air] ([*are]). Hence
oirbheart
, a good deed, Ir. do., from [beart];
oirbheas
, act of charity, from [beus], conduct, etc.
Sometimes confused with
òr-
, gold, as prefix; cf.
[óirdheirc].
oircheas
, pity, charity, Ir. [oircheasachd],
need, charitableness; cf. O.Ir. [airchissecht], gratia, indulgentia,
vb. [airchissim], parcit, indulget: [air]+[cess]; root of [cead]?
òirde
, a piece or lump of anything; see
[ord].
òirdheirc
, glorious, Ir. [óirdhearc], O.Ir.
[airdirc], [erdirc]; from [air] and [dearc], see: "con-spicuous". See
[oir-] for the [òir-].
oirfeid
, music, Ir. [oirfid], E.Ir.
[air-fitiud], playing, inf. to [arbeitim], [arpeitim]; from [air] and
[peitim], M.ir. [peiteadh], music; [peit] or [pet] is from [svettâ],
whistle, pipe, G. [fead], q.v.
òirleach
, an inch, Ir. [órlach], [ordlach],
M.Ir. [ordlach], [tri hordlaighe], three inches; from [ordu], thumb,
now G. [òrd-ag], q.v.
oirthir
, the east, so Ir., O.Ir. [airther];
comparative of [air], ante - "in front", as one faces the sun in the
morning.
oirthir
, border, coast, so Ir., M.Ir.
[airer]; from [air] and [tìr].
òisg
, a sheep, yearling ewe, E.Ir. [óisc];
for [ói-shesc], [ói], sheep, and [seasg], barren, q.v. The word [ói]
is from [*ovi-s]; Lat. [ovis]; Gr.
o&icom;/s
; Lit. [avis]; Skr. [ávis].
oisinn
, a corner, Ir. [isinn], the temple,
[fán na hoisean], along the temple, E.Ir. [na-h-usine], the temples:
[*ad-stani-], "out-standing"(?). See [ursainn], [tarsainn].
oisir
, an oyster, Ir. [oisre]; from M.Eng.
[oistre], from Fr. [oistre], from Lat. [ostrea].
oistric
, ostrich, Ir. [ostrich]; from the
Eng.
oit
, an interjection to denote the sense of
burning heat; cf. O.Ir. [uit mo chrob], alas for my hand!
oiteag
, a breeze, puff of wind, Ir. [oiteóg]:
[*atti-], root [at], as in Gr.
&acom;tmós
,
vapour, Eng. [atmosphere]; Ag.S. [aeðm], breath; Skr. [âtmán],
breath, soul.
oitir
, a ridge or bank in the sea, a low
promontory, Ir. [oitír]: [*ad-tír], from [tír], land, "to-land".
òl
, drink, drinking, Ir. [ól], [ólaim], E.Ir.
[ól], inf. to [ibim], O.Ir. [oul], [*povolo] (St.), drinking:
[*potlo-], root [po], [pô], drink; Lat. [póto], Eng. [potate], etc.;
Skr. [pâ-], drink. Zimmer considers it borrowed from Norse [öl], Eng.
[ale]. The root [pele], [plê], full, has also been suggested; but it
is unlikely here.
ola
, oil, Ir., O.Ir. [ola], W. [olew], O.W.
[oleu], Br. [eol]; from Lat. [oleum], Eng. [oil].
òlach
, a hospitable person: "boon-companion";
from [òl].
olann
, wool, so Ir., E.Ir. [oland], O.W.
[gulan], W. [gwlan], Corn. [gluan], Br. [gloan]: [*vlanâ], [*vlano-];
Lat. [lâna]; Gr.
l&aibre;nos
,
l&cibre;nos
; Eng. [wool], Got. [vulla]; Lit. [wilna];
Skr. [ū/rnâ]; I.E. [v&ldot;nâ], [v&ldotmacr;nâ].
olc
, bad, Ir. [olc], O.Ir. [olcc], [olc]; cf.
Lat. [ulciscor], revenge, [ulcus], wound, Eng. [ulcer]; Gr.
&ebcom;\lkos
, wound. Bez. suggests O.H.G. [ilki],
hunger, Lit. [alkti], Ch.Sl. [alkati], hunger.
ollabhar
, a great army (M`F.), Ir.
[ollarbhar]: [oll]+[arbhar]. For [oll], see next word>>; E.Ir.
[arbar], a host, is from [ber] (see [beir]).
ollamh
, a learned man, a doctor, so Ir.,
O.Ir. [ollam], g. [ollaman]; from Ir. [oll], great (root [pol], [pel],
[plê], full, fill).
òmar
, amber, Ir. [omra], W. [amfer]; from the
Eng.
omhail
, attention, heed, Ir. [úmhail]; cf. G.
[umhal], obedient.
omhan
,
othan
, froth of
milk or whey, whey whisked into froth (Carm.), Ir. [uan], E.Ir. [úan],
froth, foam, W. [ewyn], Br. [eon]: [*eveno-], [*poveno-]; Lit. [putà],
foam, Lettic [putas].
onagaid
, confusion, row (Dial.); cf.
[aonagail].
onfhadh
, a blast, storm, raging of the sea,
Ir. [anfadh], E.Ir. [anfud], for [an-feth], "excess-wind", [feth],
aura; root [vê], [ven], blow; Skr. [vā/ta], wind; Gr.
&acom;/cmi
, blow,
&acom;c/r
, Lat. [aer], Eng. [air]; Lit. [ve@?jas],
wind; further Lat. [ventus] and Eng. [wind].
onchon
, a standard (M`F., O'B.), so Ir., also
Ir. [onchú], leopard, E.Ir. [onchú], banner, leopard; the idea of
"leopard" is the primary one. From Fr. [onceau], [once], Eng.
[ounce], leopard.
onoir
, respect, honour, Ir. [onóir], E.Ir.
[onóir], [onoir]: from Lat. [honor].
ònrachd
, solitude, Ir. [aonarachd]; from
[aonar], [aon].
òr
, gold, Ir., O.Ir. [ór], W. [aur], Cor.
[our], Br. [aour]; from Lat.
aurum
.
òr-
, prefix [air], [oir], confused often with
the prefix
p\r-
, gold; e.g.
òrbheart
, good (golden!) deed, which is for [oirbheart]
(see [oir-]).
òrag
, sheaf of corn (H.S.D.), [orag] (M`F.,
Arm.):
oragan
, an organ, Ir., M.Ir. [orgán], E.Ir.
[organ], W. [organ]; from Lat. [organum], Eng. [organ].
òraid
, a speech, Ir. [óraid], prayer,
oration, E.Ir. [orait], prayer, orate; from Lat. [orate], pray ye,
[oratio], speech.
òran
, a song; this is for [*auran], from the
correct and still existing form
amhran
, Ir.
[amhrán], M.Ir. [ambrán], Manx [arrane]; from [amb], i.e. [mu], about,
and [rann]? Ir. [amhar], E.Ir. [amor], music. Cf. Ir. [amhra],
eulogy, especially in verse. Cf. [amra] (Cholumcille), panegyric.
orair
, a porch (
orrar
,
M`D.): "front", from [air-] or [ar-] and [air], a reduplication really
of [air], "on-before".
òrais
, a tumultuous noise (H.S.D. from MSS.):
òrd
, a hammer, Ir., M.Ir. [ord], O.Ir.
[ordd], W. [gordd], O.Cor. [ord], Br. [orz], [horz], Gallo.Brit.
[Ordo-vices](?): [*ordo-s], [*urdo-s], root [verdh], [urdh], raise,
increase, whence or allied are Gr.
&ocom;rqós
, Lat. [arduus], G. [àrd], etc.;
especially Skr. [vardhate], raise, increase, grow. See [òrdag].
Thur. thinks it perhaps possible that Romance [urtare], hit, thrust,
Fr. [heurter], Eng. [hurt], are hence, and Ascoli that Fr. [ortail],
big toe ([orddu] = [ortu]), is from [òrd], the basis of [òrdag], q.v.
òrd
, a mountain of rounded form
(topographical only); from above.>>
òrdag
, thumb, Ir. [ordóg], O.Ir. [orddu], g.
[ordan]: [*ordôs], [*urdôs]; same root as [òrd] above.
òrdugh
, order, Ir. [ord], [ordughadh], O.Ir.
[ord], [ordaad], ordination, W. [urdd], [urddawd], ordaining, Br.
[urz]; from Lat. [ordo].
organ
, organ; see [oragan].
orra
,
ortha
,
orr'
,
or
, a charm, incantation, Ir.
[orrtha] ([órrtha], Con.), [ortha], prayer, charm (in this last sense
pronounced [arrtha]), E.Ir. [ortha], acc. [orthain], prayer
(especially in verse); from Lat. [ôrâtionem], Eng. [oration].
orrais
, squeamishness, nausea:
os
, above, Ir. [os], [ós], [uas], O.Ir. [os],
[uas], W. [uch], Br.
a
, [us]; see [uasal] for
root.
os
, an elk, deer, Ir. [os] (O'B.), E.Ir.
[os], [oss], W. [uch], pl. [uchen], bos, Corn. [ohan], boves, Br.
[oc'hen] (do.), O.Br. [ohen], boum: [*okso-s] (for G.), [*uksen-] (for
Brittonic); Got. [auhsa(n)], Eng. [ox], [oxen]; Skr. [ukshán], bull.
os
, quoth; for [ors'], from [or], [ar], say;
see [arsa].
òs
, mouth of a river, harbour bar; from Norse
[ôss], river mouth; Lat. [ostium].
osadh
, desisting, Ir. [osadh], truce, E.Ir.
[ossad] (do.): [*ud-sta-] "stand out"; root [sta], stand.
osag
, a blast, breeze: [*ut-sâ], root [ut],
[vet], [ve], blow, as in [onfhadh].
osan
, a hose, stocking, Ir. [assan], caliga,
O.Ir. [ossa], [assa], soccus, W. [hosan], Cor. [hos]; from Ag.S.
[hosa], g. [hosan], now [hose], [hōsen], Norse [hosa].
oscach
, eminent, superior (Sh., O'B.), Ir.
[oscách]; from [os] and [cách].
oscarach
,
oscarra
, bold,
fierce, Ir. [oscar], champion; from the heroic name
Oscar
, son of
Oisian
(Ir. [Oisín],
little deer or [os], q.v.). Possibly
Oscar
stands
for [*ud-scaro-], "out-cutter", root [scar] of [sgar], q.v. Zimmer
derives it from Norse [Ásgeirr], spear of the Anses or gods, and
[Oisian] from the Saxon [Óswine], friend of the Anses; which should
give respectively [Ásgar] and [Óisine], but the initial vowels are
both
o
short in [Oscar] and [Oisian]. Doomsday
Book has Osgar.
òsd
,
òsda
,
tigh òsda
, an inn, Ir. [tigh ósda]; from M.Eng.
[ooste], [hóst], hotel, house, hospitium, through Fr. from Lat.
[hospitium]. Stokes takes it direct from O.Fr. [oste].
osnadh
, a sigh, so Ir., O.Ir. [osnad], W.
[uchenaid], [uch], Br. [huanad]. Zimmer has analysed this into [os],
up, and [an] (root of [anail]), breat: "up-breath"; cf. Lat.
[suspirium], from [sup-spírium], "up-breath". But consider [*ok-s],
from [uk] of
och
. Cf. E.Ir. [esnad], M.Ir.
[easnadh], song, moaning.
ospag
,
osmag
, a gasp, sob,
sigh, pang, Ir. [ospóg], [uspóg], [osmóg]; cf. [osnadh]. Also
[uspag], q.v.
ospairn
, gasping quickly, sobbing, sighing;
from [os] and [spairn], q.v. Cf. [uspairn].
othail
,
odhail
, confusion,
hubbub, also (Dial., where pronounced [ow-il]), rejoicing; spelt also
foghail
,
fòghail
; root [gal], as
in [gal]? For [odhail], rejoicing, cf. M.Ir. [odhach], ceolmar, also
[uidheach], [od], music; root [ved]; Gr.
údéo
, sing, praise, Skr. [vadati], sing, praise;
Lit. [vadinu], rufe, root [ved], [vad], [ud], rufen.
othar
, ulcer, abscess, Ir. [othar], sick:
[*putro-]; Lat. [puter], Eng. [putrid]; root [pû], [pu], Eng. [foul],
etc.
òtrach
, dunghill, Ir., M.Ir. [otrach],
dunghill, O.Ir. [ochtrach] (= [othrach]?), excrement: [*puttr-], root
[put], [pu], Lat. [pûteo], [puter], as under [othar]. Ir. [othrach],
dung, [*putr].
pab
, shag, refuse of flax, wooly hair, and
(M`A.) tassel (=
bab
), M.Ir. [papp], [popp], sprig,
tuft, E.Ir. [popp], bunch, which Stokes refers to a Celtic [*bobbú-],
[*bhobh-nú-], from [*bhobh], [*bhabh], Lat. [faba], bean, Gr.
pomfós
, blister, [pémfix], bubble, Lettic
[bamba], ball, I.E. [bhembho-], inflate. Eng. [bob], cluster, bunch,
appears in the 14th century, and Sc. has [bob], [bab] correspondingly;
the Gadelic and Eng. are clearly connected, but which borrowed it is
hard to say. the meaning of
pab
as "shag, flax
refuse" appears in the Sc. [pab], [pob]. Borrowing from Lat.
[papula], pimple, root [pap], swell, has been suggested.
pac
, a pack, Ir. [paca]; from Eng. [pack].
Hence
pacarras
, a mass of confusion.
pacaid
, a packet; from the Eng.
padhadh
, thirst, Manx [paa]; seemingly formed
by regressive analogy from the adjective
pàiteach
,
thirsty, a side-form of
pòiteach
, drinking,
bibulous, from
pòit
, Lat. [pôtus], drunk. M.Ir.
[paadh] is explained by Stokes as [*spasâtu-], root [spas] or [spes],
Lat. [spiro], breathe, W. [ffun], breath, from [*sposnâ]. For
phonetics see [piuthar].
padhal
, ewer, Ir. [padhal], ewer, pail, W.
[padell], pan; from Eng. [pail]; cf. [adhal], [paidhir], [staidhir],
[faidhir], [rathad].
pàganach
, heathen, Ir. [páganach], [págánta],
M.Ir. [pagánta]; from Lat. [paganus], villager, pagan, whence Eng.
[pagan].
pàidhneachas
, a penalty, pledge; from
[pàigh], with leaning on [peanas].
paidhir
, a pair; from English [pair], M.Eng.
[peire], Fr. [paire], from Lat. [par]. Cf., for phonetics, [faidhir]
(fair) and [staidhir] (stair).
paidir
, the Lord's prayer, so Ir., M.Ir.
[paiter], O.Ir. [pater], W. [pater]; from Lat. [pater] in [Pater
noster], etc., which begins the prayer.
paidreag
, a patch, clout:
paidrean
, a cluster of grapes, posy, string
of beads, Ir. [paidrín], rosary, necklace; from [paidir].
pàigh
,
pàidh
, pay, Ir.
[paidhe], payment; from Eng. [pay].
pail-chlach
, pavement, Ir. [páil-chlach],
stone pavement, [páil], [pabhail], pavement; formed from the Eng.
[pave], [pavement].
pailleart
, a box on the ear, a blow with the
palm: [*palm-bheart], "palm-action", from Lat. [palma], palm; cf. W.
[palfad], stroke of the paw, Br. [palfod], blow on the cheek.
pàilliun
, a tent, Ir. [pailliún]; from M.Eng.
[pailyoun] (Barbour), [pavilon], Fr. [pavillon], from Lat.
[papilionem], a butterfuly - tents being called after the butterfly
because spread out like its wings. Stokes takes it direct from the
Fr.
pailm
, palm tree, Ir., M.Ir. [pailm]; from
Lat. [palma], whence Eng. [palm].
pailt
, plentiful,
pailteas
, plenty, Manx [palchys], Cor. [pals],
plenteous, M.BR. [paout], numerous, Br. [paot], many, much; the G. is
in all likelihood a Pictish word - a root [qalt], I.E. [qel],
company, collection, as in [clann], q.v.
paindeal
, a panther; founded on the Eng.
[panther], M.Eng. [pantere].
painneal
, a panel, Ir. [paineul], W. [panel];
from the Eng., M.Eng., Fr. [panel].
painnse
, a punch; from the Sc. [painch],
[pench], Eng. [pauch].
painntear
, a snare, Ir. [painteur], M.Ir.
[painntér]; from M.Eng. [pantere], snare for birds, O.Fr. [pantiere].
Hence Eng. [painter], boat rope.
pàipeir
, paper, Ir. [pâipeur], W. [papyr];
from Lat. [papyrus], whece Eng. [paper].
paipin
, poppy, Ir. [paipín], W. [pabi]; from
Lat. [popaver], whence Eng. [poppy].
pàirc
, a park, Ir. [páirc], W. [parc],
[parwg]; from M.Eng. [park], [parrok], now [park].
pairilis
, palsy, Ir., M.Ir. [pairilis], W.
[parlys]; from Lat. [paralysis], whence Eng. [palsy].
pàirt
, a share, part, Ir. [páirt], E.Ir.
[pairt], W. [parth]; from Lat. [pars], [partis], a part, whece Eng.
[part]. M.Ir. [pars], point of time less than a minute.
pàisd
, a child, Ir. [páisde]; formed from
M.Eng. [páge], boy, Sc. [page], boy, now Eng. [page].
paisean
, a fainting fit, Ir., M.Ir. [páis],
E.Ir. [paiss], passio, suffering; from Lat. [passionem], [patior],
suffer.
paisg
, wrap; see [pasgadh].
pait
, a hump, lump, Ir. [pait], M.Ir. [pait],
mass; also Ir. [paiteóg], small lump of butter; from Eng. [pat].
Skeat thinks the Eng. is from the Gaelic, but the
p
is fatal to the word being native Gadelic.
pàiteag
, a periwinkle (H.S.D., for Heb.):
palla
, green shelf in a rock (Lewis); N.
[pallr], step, dais.
palmair
, a rudder, Ir. [palmaire]; see
[falmadair].
pàlas
, a palace, Ir. [pálas], W. [palas];
from Lat. [palatium], whence Eng. [palace].
panna
, a pan; from M.Eng. [panne], now [pan].
pannal
,
pannan
, a band or
company, also
bannal
, q.v.; from Eng. [band].
pàp
, the pope, Ir. [pápa], O.Ir. [papa], W.,
Br. [pab]; from Lat. [papa], father, pope, Eng. [pope].
parcas
, a rhapsody (M`A.):
paradh
, pushing, brandishing; cf. [purr].
pàrant
, a parent; from Eng. [parent].
pardag
, a pannier (Arm.):
pàrlamaid
, parliament, Ir. [pairliméid],
M.Ir. [pairlimint]; from Eng. [parliament].
parraist
, a parish, Ir. [parraisde]; from
Eng. [parish], M.Eng. [parische].
pàrras
, paradise, Ir. [parrthas], O.Ir.
[pardus], W. [paradwys], Br. [baradoz]; from Lat. [aradisus].
partan
, a crab,
portan
(Skye), Ir. [partán], [portán], M.Ir. [partan]; Sc. [partan]. E.Ir.
[partar], [partaing], ruby?
pasgadh
, a wrapping, covering,
pasgan
, a bundle,
pasg
, a faggot;
cf. Ir. [faisg], a pen, W. [ffasg], bundle, which last is certainly
from Lat. [fasces].
pasmunn
, expiring pang (H.S.D.); from Eng.
[spasm]? H.S.D. gives also the meaning "cataclysm applied to the
sores of a dying person".
peabar
,
piobar
, pepper,
Ir. [piobar], W. [pubyr]; from Lat. [piper], Eng. [pepper], Norse
[piparr].
peacadh
, sin, so Ir., O.Ir. [peccad], g.
[pectho], W. [pechod], Br. [pechet]; from Lat. [peccatum], [peco],
Eng. [peccant].
péa-chearc
, pea-hen: from the Eng. [pea].
See [peucag].
peall
, skin, hide, E.Ir. [pell]; from Lat.
[pellis], hide, allied to Eng. [fell].
peallach
, shaggy, matted in the hair, from
peall
, mat, hairy skin; see [peall] above.
peallaid
, sheepskin; from Scotch [pellet], a
woolless sheepskin, Eng. [pelt], from Lat. [pellis] through Fr.
peanas
, punishment, Ir. [píonús]; from Lat.
[poena], with possibly a leaning on the English [punish].
peann
, a pen, so Ir., E.Ir. [penn], W. [pin];
from Lat. [penna].
pearluinn
, fine linen, muslin; from Sc.
[pearlin], lace of silk or thread, Eng. [purl], edgin of lace, from
Fr. [pourfiler], Lat. [filum], thread.
pearsa
, a person, Ir. [pearsa], g. [pearsan],
O.Ir. [pearsa], g. [persine]; from Lat. [persona], Eng. [person].
perasail
, parsley, Ir. [pearsáil]; from
M.Eng. [persil], Eng. [parsley].
peasaire
, pease, Ir. [pis], a pea, pl.
[piseanna], W. [pys], Br. pl. [piz]; from Lat. [pisum], Eng. [pease].
peasan
, impudent fellow, varlet; from Eng.
[peasant].
peasg
, gash in skin, chapped gashes of hands,
cranny, W. [pisg], blisters; G. is possibly of Pictish origin. The
Sc. [pisket] shrivelled has been compared.
peata
, a pet, Ir. [peata], E.Ir. [petta];
Eng. [pet]. Both Eng. and Gadelic are formed on some cognate of Fr.
[petit], little, Eng. [petty] (Stokes).
peic
, a peck, Ir. [peic], W. [pec]; from Eng.
[pec].
peighin
, a penny, Ir. [pighin], E.Ir.
[pingin]; from Ag.S. [pennding], Norse [peningr], now Eng. [penny].
peilig
, a porpoise; from Sc. [pellack].
peileasach
, frivolous; cf. Sc. [pell], a
soft, lazy person.
peileid
, cod, husk, bag:
peileid
, a slap on the head, the skull or
crown of the head; in the last sense, cf. Sc. [pallet], crown of the
head, M.Eng. [palet], head-piece. In the sense of "slap", cf Eng.
[pelt].
peileir
, a bullet, Ir. [peileur], L.M.Ir.
[pelér]: from some French descendant of Lat. [pila], ball, and allied
to Eng. [pellet], O.Fr. [pelote], ball, Sp. [pelote], connon ball.
peilisteìr
, a quoit, flat stone; formed from
the above stem?>>
pellic
, a covering of skins or coarse clothe,
Ir. [peillic], a booth whose roof is covered with skins, E.Ir.
[pellec], basket of untanned hide; from Lat. [pelliceus], made of
skins, from [pellis].
peineag
, a chip of stone for filling crevices
in wall; from Sc. [pinning], [pinn] (do.), allied to Eng. [pin].
peinnteal
, a snare; another form of
[paintear], q.v.
peirceall
, the jaw, lower part of the face,
corer, Ir. [peircioll], cheekblade, corer: [*for-ciobhull], "on-jaw"?
See [ciobhull].
peirigill
, deger, Ir. [peiriacul]; from Lat.
[periculum].
péire
, the buttocks, Ir. [péire] (O'R.); cf.
Cor. [pedren], buttock, W. [pedrain]. The word
peurs
, lente perdere (M`A.), is doubtless connected.
peireid
, ferret (M`A.).
péiris
, testiculi (H.S.D.); apparently from
Fr. [pierre].
peiteag
, waistcoat, short jacket; from Sc.
[petycot], a sleeveless tunic worn by men, Eng. [petticoat]. Manx has
[pettie], flanel waistcoat, [peddee], waistcoat.
peithir
, a forester (
pethaire
, M`D.),
peithire
, a message
boy (M`A.); cf. Sc. [peddir], a pedlar, Eng. [pedlar].
peithir
,
beithir
,
thunderbolt; a mythic and metaphoric use of [beithir], q.v.
peitseag
, a peach; Ir. [peitseóg]; from the
Eng.
peòdar
, pewtar, Ir. [péatar], W. [ffeutar];
from Eng. [pewter]. Also
feòdar
, q.v.
peucag
, pea-hen, Ir. [pêacóg], peacock
(Fol.); from Eng. [peacock].
peur
, a pear, Ir. [piorra], [péire] (O'R.),
W. [peran]; from Eg. [pear].
peurda
, flake of wool off the cards in the
first carding:
peurdag
,
piartag
, a
partridge, Ir. [pitrisg] (Fol.); G. is from Sc. [pertrik], a side
form of Eng. [partridge], Lat. [perdic-em].
peursair
, perchman, shore herd (Carm.):
pian
, pain, Ir. [pían], poena, W. [poen],
pain, Cor. [peyn], Br. [poan]; from Lat. [poena], Eng. [pain].
pibhinn
, lapwing; from Sc. [peeweip], Eng.
[peewit]. The true G. is
adharcan
, "horned one"
(from [adharc], because of the appearance of its head).
pic
, pitch, Ir. [pic], W. [pyg]; from M.Eng.
[pik], now [pitch].
pìc
, a pike, Ir. [pice], W. [pig], from the
Eng.
piceal
, pike, Ir. [picill] (Fol.); from the
Eng.
pigeadh
,
pigidh
, earthen
jar, Ir. [pigín], W. [picyn]; from Eng., Sc. [piggin], [pig], which
is a metaphoric use of Eng. [pig], sow.
pighe
,
pigheann
, a pie,
Ir. [píghe]; from the Eng.
pigidh
, robin redbreast (H.S.D.); a confused
use of Eng. [pigeon]?
pilig
, peel, peeling (Dial.); from the Eng.
See [piol].
pill
, a sheet, cloth, the cloth or skin on
which corn is winnowed; a particular use of the oblique form of
[peall], q.v. M.Ir. [pill] or [pell] means "rug".
pill
, turn, Ir. [pillim], better [fillim]
(O'B.); see [till] for discussion of the root.
pillean
, pack-saddle, pillion, Ir. [pillín],
W. [pilyn]; Eng. [pillion] is allied, if not borrowed, according to
Skeat. All are formed on Lat. [pellis] (see [peall]). Sc. has
[pillions] for "rags"; Br. [pill] (do.).
pine
, a pin, peg, Ir. [pionn] (Lh.), W.
[pin]; from M.Eng. [pinne], now [pin].
pinnt
, a pint, Ir. [piúnt] (Fol.); from the
Eng.
pìob
, a pipe, a musical instrument, Ir.
[píob], E.Ir. [píp], pl. [pipai] (Lib.Leinster), (music) pipe; from
Med.Lat. [pîpa], whence Ag.S. [pîpe], Eng. [pipe], Ger. [pfeife],
Norse [pípa]. W., Cor., and Br. have [pib], pipe, similarly borrowed.
piobar
, pepper; see [peabar].
pìobull
, the bible (Dial.): see [bìobull].
pioc
, pick, Ir. [piocaim]; from Eng. [pick].
Thur. thinks that W. [pigo] is ultimately from the Romance [picco]
(point), Fr. [pique], or allied thereto. Skeat takes the Eng. from
Celtic; but see Bradley's [Stratmann].
piocach
, a saith, coalfish (Wh.):
piocaid
, pickaxe, Ir. [piocóid]; from [pioc],
Eng. [pick], a pickaxe, from Fr. [pic] (do.). Whether the termination
is Gadelic or the Fr. word [piquet], little pickaxe, Eng. [picket],
was borrwed at once, it is hard to say.
pìochan
, a wheezing, Manx [piaghane],
hoarseness, Ir. [spiochan]; Sc. [pech], [pechin], panting, [peught],
asthmatic. Onomatopoetic Cf. Lat. [pipire], chirp, pipe. W. has
[peuo], pant.
pioghaid
,
pigheid
, a
magpie, Ir. [pioghaid] (Fol.), [pighead] (O'R.); from Sc. [pyat],
[pyet], diminutive of [pie], M.Eng. [pye], now usually [mag-pie].
piol
, nibble, pluck; from Eng. [peel],
earlier, [pill], [pyll], peel, pluck, ultimately from Lat. [pellis].
Also
spiol
, q.v. W. has [pilio], peel, strip.
piollach
, (1) neat, trim (M`F., H.S.D.,
Arm.), (2) hairy (=
peallach
, of which it is a side
form, H.S.D., etc.), fretful, curious-looking (M`A.). The second
sense belongs to [peallach], the first to [piol]: "pilled".
piollaiste
, trouble, vexation: "plucked"
state, from [piol]?
pioraid
, hat, cap; see [biorraid].
pìorbhuic
,
piorrabhuic
,
periwig, Ir. [peireabhuic]; from the Eng.
piorr
, scrape or dig (H.S.D.), stab, make a
lunge at one (M`A.); the first sense seems from Sc., Eng. [pare]; for
the second, see [purr].
piorradh
, a squall, blast; from L.M.Eng.
[pirry], whirlwind, blast, Sc. [pirr], gentle breeze, Norse [byrr],
root [bir], [pir], of onomatopoetic origin (Skeat, sub [pirouette],
for Eng.).
pìos
, a piece, Ir. [píosa]; from Eng.
[piece], Fr. [pièce], Low Lat. [pettium], from Gaulish [*pettium],
allied to G. [cuit], Pictish [pet] (see [pit]).
pìos
, a cup, Ir. [píosa]; from Lat. [pyxis],
box (Stokes).
piostal
, a pistol, so Ir.; from Eng.
piphenaich
, giggling (M`D.):
piseach
, prosperity, luck, Manx [bishagh],
Ir. [biseach], M.Ir. [bisech]. Cf. Ir. [piseóg], witchcraft, M.Ir.
[pisóc], charm, Manx [pishag], charm, Cor. [pystry], witchcraft, M.Br.
[pistri], veneficium, which Bugge refers to Lat. [pyxis], medicine box
(see [pìos]).
piseag
, a kitten, Ir. [puisín]; from Eng.
[puss]. Aran Ir. [piseóg], see bream.
pit
, hollow or pit (Dict. only),
kúsqos
, M.G. [pit] (D.of L.), Manx [pitt], Ir.
[pit]; from Ag.S. [pyt], pit, well, now [pit], from Lat. [puteus],
well. for force, cf. Br. [fetan], fountain, [fete],
kúsqos
. The non-existent Dict. meaning is due to
the supposed force of topographic [pit] discussed in the next
article.>>
Pit-
, prefix in farm and townland names in
Pictland, meaning "farm, portion"; O.G. [pet], [pett], g. [pette]
(B.of Deer), a Pictish word allied to W. [peth], part, Gaelic [cuid].
See further under [cuid] and [pìos].
piùg
, a plaintive note (H.S.D.); cf. W.
[puch], sigh. Onomatopoetic?
piuthar
, sister, Ir. [siur], E.Ir. [siur],
[fiur], g. [sethar], [fethar], O.Ir. [siur], W. [chwaer], Corn.
[huir], Br. [hoar]: [*svesôr], g. [svestros] (Stokes); Lat. [soror] (=
[sosor]); Eng. [sister]; Lit. [sesu@ó]; Skr. [svâsar].
plab
, soft noise as of a body falling into
water; from Sc. [plope], Dial. Eng. [plop]: onomatopoetic like
[plump]. Skeat compares Eng. [blab]. See [plub].
placaid
, a wooden dish; through Sc. (?) from
Fr. [plaquette], [plaque], a plate, whence Eng. [placard], Sc.
[placad]. M`A. gives also the meaning "flat, broad, good-natured
female", which is a metaphoric use.
plaibean
, a lump of raw flesh, a plump boy;
founded on Sc. [plope], as in [plab] above. Cf. Eng. [plump].
plaide
, a blanket, Ir. [ploid]; Eng. [plaid],
Sc. [plaiden], coarse woollen cloth, like flannel, but twilled: all
are founded on Lat. [pellis], but whether invented by Gadelic or
English is at present doubtful. Skeat says it is Celtic, a view
which, as the case stands, has most to say for it; cf. G.
peallaid
, sheepskin. Dunbar's "Hieland [Pladdis]".
plàigh
, a plague, Ir. [pláigh], E.Ir. [plág],
W. [pla]; from Lat. [plâga], disaster, M.Eng. [pláge], Eg. [plague].
plais
, a splash; from Sc. [plash], to strike
water suddenly, Eng. [plash], [splash].
plam
, anything curdled: cf. Br. [plommein], a
clot, as of blood. See [slaman]. M`A. gives it the meaning of "fat
blubber cheek". Arg. has "
bainne plumaichte
",
curdled or soured mild.
plang
, a plack - a Scots coin; from Sc.
[plack], a copper coin equal to four pennies Scots, which came with
the Flemish, etc., and is allied to Fr. [plaque], used of coin, though
really a "metal dish, etc.". See [placaid].
plangaid
, a blanket; Ir. [plainceud] (Fol.);
from the Eng.
plannta
, a plant, Ir. [planda]; from Eng.
[plant], Lat. [planta].
plaosg
, a husk, shell, Manx [pleayse], Ir.
[plaosg], W. [plisg] (pl.), Br. [pluskenn]. This Ernault considers
borrowed from Romance - Fr. [peluche], shag, plush, Eng. [plush], from
Lat. [*pilucius], hairy, [pilus], hair: an unlikely derivation.
Seemingly
blaosg
is another form (Manx [bleayst],
M.Ir. [blaesc], W. [blisg]): [*bhloid-sko-], root [bhlōi],
[bhlē], [bhel], swell, etc.; Gr.
floiós
(
*bhlovio-
?), bark, shell,
flédwn
, bladder.
plàsd
, a plaster, Ir. [plasdruighim]; from
the Eng.
plàt
, a sort of cloth made of straw; from Sc.
[plat], plait, Eng. [plait]. M`A. has the meaning "thrust, clap on",
from Sc. [plat], a stroke to the ground, blow with the fist, M.Eng.
[platten], strike, throw down, Ag.S. [plaettan].
plath
,
pladh
, a flash,
glance, puff of wind; from [*sv&ldot;-], root [svel] of [solus]?
pleadhag
, a dibble, paddle; also
bleaghan
,
spleadhan
, q.v.
pleadhart
, a buffet, blow; from [pailleart]?
pleasg
, a noise, crack, Ir. [pléasg]
([pleasg] Lh.) - an Ir. word (M`A.), Ir. [pleasgan] or [pléascán],
noise: cf. Sc. [pleesk], [plesk], plash, [pleesh-plash], dabbling in
water or mud.
pleasg
, a string of beads:
pleat
, a plait; from Sc. [plett], Eng.
[plait].
pleid
, solicitationn; see [bleid].
pleigh
, quarrel, fight, Ir. [pléidh], debate;
Sc. [pley], quarrel, debate, all from M.Eng. [pleie], [plege], Ag.S.
[plega], game, fight, Eng. [play].
pleoisg
,
plodhaisg
, a
booby, simpleton; cf. W. [bloesg], a stammerer ([mlaisqo-]), Skr.
[mlecchati], talk barbarously, [mleccha], foreigner, Lat. [blaesus],
Gr.
blaisós
.
pleòdar
, pewter; from Eng. [spelter], with
leaning on [peòdar].
pliad
(H.S.D., Dial.), a plot of ground; of
Scandinavian origin - Swed [plaetti], a plot of ground, Eng. [plot],
[plat] (Dr Cameron).
pliadach
, flat, as of foot (Carm.):
pliadh
, a splay foot; from Eng. [splay].
pliaram
, babbling (H.S.D.); for [*bliaram];
see [blialum], from Sc. [blellum].
plionas
, a hypocritical smile (Wh.):
pliotair
(
pliodaire
,
M`A.), a fawner, cajoler; cf. Ir. [pleadail], pleading; from Eng.
[plead].
pliut
, a clumsy foot; cf. Sc. [ploots], the
feet when bare (Shet.), [plootsacks], feet. Hence
pliutach
, a seal. See [spliut].
ploc
, a roud mass, clod, block (rare), Ir.
[bloc], a block, W. [ploc], block, plug, Br. [bloc'h], block, mass:
Gadelic and W. are from Eng. [block], from Fr. [bloc], of German
origin - Ger. [block], clod, lump, from the root of Eng. [balk].
plod
, a clod; from Sc. [plod], [ploud], a
green sod (Aberdeen).
plod
, a fleet, Manx [plod]; from Norse
[floti], Eng. [fleet], [float], etc.
plod
, a pool of standing water, Manx, Ir.
[plod]; from M.Eng. [plodde], a puddle, Eng. [plod], originally "to
wade through water", [ploude], wade through water (Grose), Sc.
[plout], [plouter] (do.).
plodadh
, parboiling; from Sc. [plot], to
scald or burn with boiling water, [plottie], a rich and pleasant hot
dring made of cinnamon, cloves, etc. Also "floating" wood down river.
ploic
, the mumps; see [pluic].
plosg
, palpitate, throb, Ir. [plosg] (O'R.,
Fol.), [blosgadh], sounding, E.Ir. [blosc] ("ro clos blosc-béimnech a
chride", the hitting sound of his heart). See [blosg].
plub
, a plump, sudden fall into water; from
Eng. [plump]. Cf. [plab]. Hence
plubraich
,
gurgling, plunging; etc.
plub
, an unweildy mass or lump; from the Eng.
[plump].
plubair
, a booby, one speaking indistinctly,
blubberer; from Eng. [blubber].
pluc
, a lump, pimple, Manx [plucan], pimple;
seemingly a side form of [ploc]. M.Ir. has [plucc], club or mace.
Cf. Sc. [pluke], a pimple.
pluc
, pluck, Manx [pluck]; from the Eng.
plùc
, beat, thump; from M.Eng. [pluck], a
stroke.
plucas
, the flux; founded on Lat. [fluxus]?
plùch
, squeeze, compress, Ir. [pluchaim],
Manx [ploogh], suffocation:
pluic
, cheek, blub cheek, Ir. [pluc]: "puffed
cheek"; from [ploc].
pluideach
, club-footed; see [pliut].
plùirean
, a flower, Ir. [plúr]; from M.Eng.
[flour] (now [flower]), O.Fr. [flour] (now [fleur]).
plum
, plunge into water; see [plumb].
plùm
, one who sits stock still, dead calm:
pluma
,
plumba
, a plummet,
Ir. [plumba]; from Eng. [plumb], Fr. [plomb], from Lat. [plumbum],
lead.
plumb
, noise of fallinng into water, plunge;
from Eng. [plump].
plumbas
,
plumbais
, a plum,
Ir. [pluma]; from M.Eng. [ploume], now [plum].
plundrainn
, plunder, booty; from Eng.
[plundering].
plùr
, flour, Ir. [flúr]; from M.Eng. [flour];
same as Eng. [flower], [flour] being for "flower of wheat".
plutadh
, falling down, as of rain; from Sc.
[plout], Belg. [plotsen], Ger. [plotzlich], sudden, from [*plotz],
"quickly falling blow".
pobull
, people, Ir. [pobal], O.Ir. [popul],
W., Br. [pobl], Cor. [pobel]; from Lat. [populus], whence Eng.
[people].
poca
, a bag; from Sc. [pock], Ag.S. [poca],
Norse, [poki], O.Fr. [poche].
pòca
,
pòcaid
, pocket,
pouch, Ir. [póca], [pócait] (F.M.), bag, pouch; from M.Eng. [póke],
Ag.S. [poca], as above.>> Eng. [pocket], M.Eng. [poket], is a
diminutive. K.Meyer takes the Ir. from the Norse [poki].
pòg
,
pàg
, a kiss, Manx
[paag], Ir. [póg], O.Ir. [póc], [pócnat], osculum, W. [póc], Br.
[pok]; from Lat. [pâcem], "the kiss of peace", which was part of the
ritual for the Mass; hence in Church Lat. [dare pacem], means "to
give the kiss". The old Celtic liturgies generally carry the rubric
"Hic pax datur" immediately before the Communion.
pòireagan
, rag, rags (M`D.):
poit
, a pot, Ir. [pota], W. [pot], Br. [pod];
from Eng. and Fr. [pot], from Lat. [potare] ultimately. See next.>>
pòit
, drinking, tippling, Ir. [póit]: from
Lat. [pôtus], drunk (Eng. [potation], [poison], etc.). See [òl].
poitean
, a small truss of hay or straw; see
[boitean].
poll
, a pool, a hole, mud, Ir., E.Ir. [poll],
W. [pwll], Cor. [pol], Br. [poull]; from Late Lat. [padulus], pool, a
metathesis of [palus], [paludis], marsh (Gaidoz), whece It. [padula],
Sp. [paúl]. Teutonic has Ag.S. [pól], Eng. [pool], Du. [poel], O.H.G.
[pfuol], Ger. [pfuhl]. Skeat considers that [poll] is from Low Lat.
[padulis], and that the Ag.S. [pól] was possibly borrowed from the
British Latin or Latin remains seen in place-names having [port],
[street], [-chester], etc. ([Principles
1
437).
poll
,
pollair
, nostril,
Ir. [polláire], [poll-sróna]; from [poll].
pollag
, the fish pollock or lythe - gadus
pollachius, of the cod and whiting genus, Ir. [pullóg]; from [poll]?
Hence the Eng. name. The Irish Eng. [pollan], Sc. [powan], is a
different fish - of the salmon genus.
pollairean
, the dunlin (Heb.), polidna
alpina. Mr Swainson ([Folklore of British Birds]) translates its
Gaelic name as "bird of the mud pits ([poll])", an exact description,
he says.
ponach
, boy, lad (Dial.),
poinneach
(W.Ross); cf. Manx [ponniar], a boy, a small
fish basket? In ARg.
boinnean
(Wh.), from
[boinne]. Cf. use of
proitseach
. The word is for
[bonach].
pònaidh
, a pony; from the Sc. [pownie], from
O.Fr. [poulenet] (
l
lost as usual), little colt,
now [poulain], a colt, from Med.Lat. [pullanus], from Lat. [pullus],
foal, Eng. [foal], [filly].
pònair
, bean or beans, Ir. [pónaire], M.Ir.
[ponaire]; from Norse [baun], O.H.G. [pôna], Ger. [bohne], Eng.
[bean], Du. [boon] (Stokes' [Celt. Dec.]).
pong
, a point, note,
pongail
, punctual; see [punc].
pòr
, seed, spore, Ir. [pór], seed, clan, W.
[par], germ; from Gr.
spóros
, seed,
Eng. [spore].
port
, harbour, port, Ir. [port], harbour,
fort, O.Ir. [port], W., Corn. [porth], Br. [pors], [porz]; from Lat.
[portus], Eng. [port].
port
, a tune, Ir. [port], M.Ir. [ceudport],
rhyme, prelude: "carry = catch"; from Lat. [porto], carry. Sc.
[port], catch, tune, is from Gaelic. Cf. Eng. [sport], from Lat.
[dis-port].
pòs
, marry, O.G. [pústa], wedded (B.of Deer),
M.Ir. [pósaim]; from Lat. [sponsus], [sponsa], betrothed, from
[spondeo], I promise (Eng. [spouse], [respond], etc.).
post
, post, beam, pillar, Ir. [posda],
[posta], W. [post]; from the Eng. [post], from Lat. [postis]. Pl.
[puist], slugs for shooting (Wh.).
prab
, discompose, ravel ([pràb], H.S.D.),
prabach
, dishevelled, ragged, blear-eyed, Ir. [prábach]
(O'R.): "suddenly arrayed", from [prap]?
pràbar
,
pràbal
, a rabble;
from [pràb], [prab], discompose. See above word.>>
prac
, vicarage dues, small tithes, which were
paid in kind (N.H. and Isles),
pracadair
, tithe
collector; from Sc. [procutor], Eng. [proctor], [procurator].
pracas
, hotch-potch; cf. Sc., Eng.
[fricasse].
pràcais
, idle talk; from Eng. [fracas]?
pràdhainn
, press of business, flurry (M`A.
for Islay), Ir. [praidhin], O.Ir. [brothad], a moment; see [priobadh].
prainnseag
, mince collops, haggis; from
[prann], pound (M`A.), a side form of [pronn], q.v.
prais
, brass, pot-metal (Arm.), pot (M`A.),
pràis
, brass (H.S.D., M`L., M`E.), Manx [prash],
Ir. [práis], [prás], W. [pres]; from M.Eng. [bras], Ag.S. [bræs].
Hence
praiseach
, bold woman, concubine, meretrix.
praiseach
, broth, pottage, etc., Ir.
[praiseach], pottage, kale, M.Ir. [braissech], W. [bresych],
cabbages; from Lat. [brassica], cabbage.
pràmh
, a slumber, slight sleep:
pràmh
,
priam
, heaviness;
properly "blear-eyed-ness"; cf. Ir. [srám], eye-rheum.
praonan
, an earthnut; see [braonan].
prap
, quick, sudden, Ir. [prab], M.Ir.
[prap]; see under [priobadh].
prasach
, a manger, crib,
frasach
, (M`Rury):
prasgan
,
brasgan
, a group,
flock; cf. Ir. [prosnán], a troop, company (O'R.):
prat
, a trick (Wh.);
pratail
, tricky; see protaig.
preachan
, a crow, kite, moor-bittern, Ir.
[preachan], crow, kite, osprey (accordinng to the adj. applied), M.Ir.
[prechan], crow, raven:
preachan
, a mean orator (M`A.), Ir.
[preachoine], crier, M.Ir. [prechoineadha], præcones; from the Lat.
[praeco(n)], crier, auctioneer.
preas
, a bush, brier, W. [prys], burshwood,
covert: [*q&rdot;st-], root [qer] of [crann]? The G., which is borrowed,
is doubtless of Pictish origin.
preas
, a press, cupboard, Manx, [prest]; from
the Eng. [press].
preas
, a wrinkle, fold; from the Eng.
[press].
preathal
, confusion of mind, dizziness; see
[breitheal].
prighig
, fry; from the Eng. [frying].
prìne
, a pin; from the Sc. [preen], M.Eng.
[prēon], Ag.S. [préon], Norse [prjónn], Ger. [pfriem].
priobadh
, winking, twinkling (of the eye),
Ir. [prap] in [le prap na súl], in the twinkling of the eyes
(Keating), from [prap], sudden, [preaba] in [na bi preaba na sula
muich] (B.of Moyra), M.Ir. [prapud], brief space (as twinkling of the
eyes), [la brafad súla], older [friha brathad sula], where we get the
series [prapud], [brafad], [brathad] (g. [brotto]), O.Ir. [brothad],
moment. Stokes compares the similar Gothic phrase - [in brahva
augins], where [brahv] might = a British [*brap], borrowed into Irish.
The form [frafad] could easily develop into [brap]; the difficulty is
the passinng of [th] of [brothad] (which gives g. [brotto]) info
f
of [brafad] (but see [Rev.Celt.]
10
57). The G.
priobadh
has
its vowel influenced by
preabadh
, kicking, that is,
[breabadh], q.v. Zim. (Zeit.
32
223) cites
[brofte], momentary, and says [brafad] is made from [bro], eyebrow,
falsely.
priobaid
, a trifle,
priobair
, a worthless fellow; from Sc. [bribour], low
beggarly fellow, M.Eng. [bribour], rascal, thief; from O.Fr.
[bribeur], beggar, vagabond, [briber], to beg, [bribe], morsel of
bread, Eng. [bribe]. Hence
priobaid
is from an
early Northern form of Eng. [bribe]. See [breaban] further.
prìomh
, prime, chief, Ir. [príomh], a
principal, [primh], prime, O.Ir. [prím], W. [prif]; from Lat.
[primus], first, Eng. [prime].
prìonnsa
, a prince, so Ir., M.Ir. [prindsa];
from M.Eng. and Fr. [prince] (Stokes takes it from Fr. direct).
prìosan
, prison, Ir. [príosún], M.Ir.
[prísún]; from M.Eng. [prisoun], from O.Fr. [prison] (Stokes takes it
from O.Fr. [prisun]).
prìs
, price, W. [pris]; from M.Eng.
[prīs], from O.Fr. [prīs], Lat. [pretium].
probhaid
, profit; from the Eng.
procach
, a year-old stag (Rob Donn):
proghan
, dregs, lees:
proinn
, a dinner, O.G. [proinn] (B.of Deer),
Ir. [proinn], O.Ir. [proind], [praind]; from Lat. [prandium].
pròis
, pride, haughtiness; from Sc.
[prossie], [prowsie], nice and particular, Dut. [prootsch],
[preutsch], proud, Eng. [proud]. The Arran Dial. has [pròtail] for
[pròiseil].
proitseach
, a boy, stripling; cf.
brod balaich
,
brodan
, boy, from
[brod]. The termination is [-seach], really a fem. one. In Arg.
propanach
, a boy, from [prop], also
geamht
.
pronn
, foon; see [proinn].
pronn
, bran, Manx [pronn]; see next word.
Hence Sc. [pron].
pronn
, pound, bray, mash, Manx [pronney],
pouding; see, for root and form, [bronn], distribute, from the root
[bhrud], break, which thus in G. means (1) distribute, (2) break or
crush. Hence
pronnag
, a crumb, Sc. [pronacks].
pronasg
, brimstone; formed on Sc.
[brunstane], Norse [brenisteinn], Eng. [brimstone]. Dial. of Badenoch
has the form
pronnasdail
.
pronndal
, muttering, murmering (Dial.
brundlais
):
prop
, a prop, Ir. [propa]; from Eng. [prop].
propanach
, a boy (Wh.):
prosnaich
, incite; see [brosnaich].
protaig
, a trick; from Sc. [prattick], trick,
stratagem, Ag.S. [prœtt], craft, [prœtig], tricky, Eng.
[pretty], Norse [prettr], a trick.
prothaisd
, a provost; from the Eng.
pubull
, a tet, Ir. [pupal], g. [puible],
O.Ir. [pupall], W. [pabell], [pebyll]; from Lat. [papilio], butterfly,
tent, Eg. [pavilion]. See [pàilliun].
pùc
, push, jostle; from the Sc. [powk],
thrust, dig, M.Eng. [pukken], [pouken], [póken], to thrust, poke, Eng.
[poke], Ger. [pochen], knock, Dial.
fùc
.
pucaid
, a pimple; see [bucaid].
pudhar
, harm, injury, Ir. [púdhar] (O'B.),
M.Ir. [pudar], E.Ir. [púdar], [pudar]; from Lat. [pudor], shame.
Usually taken as borrowed from Lat. [pûtor], rottenness, Eng.
[putrid].
pùic
, a bribe:
puicean
, a veil, covering, Ir. [puicín]:
puidse
, a pouch; from the Eng.
puinneag
, sorrel:
puinneanach
, beat, thump; from M.Eng.
[pounen], now [pound], Ag.S. [punian].
puinse
, punch, toddy; from Eng. [punch].
puinsean
,
puision
, poison;
from the Eng. Manx has [pyshoon].
pùirleag
, a crest, tuft, Ir. [puirleógach],
crested, tufted (O'B., Sh.), [puirleog] (O'R.) - an Irish word. See
[pùrlag].
pulag
, round stone, ball, pedestal, also
pulag
; from M.Eng. [boule], a ball or bowl, now
[bowl], Fr. [boule].
pulaidh
, turkey cock: Fr. [poulet].
pùlas
, pot-hook (Dial.); see [bùlas].
punc
, a point, note, Ir. [punc], O.Ir.
[ponc], W. [pwnc]; from Lat. [punctum], Eng. [point].
punnan
, a sheaf, Manx [bunney], Ir.
[punnann], E.Ir. [punann], [pundand] (Corm.); from Norse [bundin], a
sheaf, bundle, Eng. [bundle], [bind].
punnd
, a pound, Ir. [punta], [punt], M.Ir.
[punt]; from the Eng.
punnd
, a place for securing stray cattle, a
pound; from the Eng. [pound].
punntainnn
,
funntainn
,
benumbment by cold or damp; cf. Eng. [swoon], M.Eng. [swoghne],
[*swog-]. Cf. Sc. [fundy].
purgaid
, a purge, Ir. [purgóid]; from Lat.
[purgatio], Eng. [purgation], [purge].
purgadoir
, purgatory, Ir. [purgadóir], E.Ir.
[purgatoir], Br. [purgator]; from Lat. [purgatorium], Eng.
[purgatory].
pùrlag
, a rag, tatter, fragment:
purp
,
purpais
, sense,
mental faculty; from Eng. [purpose].
purpaidh
,
purpur
, purple,
Ir. [purpuir], M.Ir. [purpuir], W. [porphor]: from Lat. [purpura],
Eng. [purple]. The old Gadelic form, borrowed through British, is
[corcur].
purr
, thrust, push; from Sc. [porr], thrust,
stab, Du. [porren], poke, thrust, Low.Ger. [purren], poke about;
further Eng. [pore].
pus
, a cat, Ir. [pus]; from the Eng.
put
, the cheek (Stew., H.S.D.); from Eng.
[pout].
put
, thrust, push; from Sc. [put], push,
thrust, M.Eng. [puten], push, now Eng. [put]. Also G.
but
,
butadh
.
pùt
, young of moorfowl; from Sc. [pout]
(do.), Eng. [poult], chicken, from Fr. [poulet], from Lat. [pulla], a
hen, [pullus], young fowl.
pùt
, a large buoy, usually of inflated
sheepskin; seemingly of Scand. origin - Swedish Dial. [puta], be
inflated; cf. Eng. [pudding], W. [pwtyn], a short round body, Cor.
[pot], bag, pudding.
putag
, oarpin, also
butag
;
from Eng. [butt]. Cf. [Am Buta Leòdhasach], the Butt of Lewis.
putag
, a pudding, Ir. [putóg]; from the Eng.
putag
, a small rig of land (H.S.D.):
putan
, a button, W. [botwn]; from Eng.
[button].
puth
, puff, sound of a shot, syllable;
onomatopoetic. Cf. Eng. [puff], etc.
puthar
, power (M`A.); from the Eng. [power].
ràbach
, litigious, Ir. [rábach], litigious,
bullying:
rabhadh
, a warning, so Ir., E.Ir. [robuth],
forewarning: [ro]+[buth], latter from [*buto-], root [&gcurly;u], cry,
Gr.
boc/
, shout, Skr. [gu], be heard.
W. [rhybudd] is from the Root [qu] (Stokes, [Rev.Celt.]
12
).
rabhart
,
reothairt
,
springtide, Manx [royart], Ir. [romhairt], [rabharta], M.Ir.
[robarta], O.Ir. [robarti], malinas, (sing. [*robarte]), W.
[fhyferth]: [ro]+[bertio-], "pro-fero", root [bher] of [beir].
rabhan
, rhapsody, repetition, Ir. [rabhán],
repetition: from [ro] and [*ba], say, root [bhâ], Lat. [fâri], speak,
Eng. [fame], [fate].
rabhart
, upbraiding, senseless talk; from
[ro] and [ber] of [abair], say, q.v.
rabhd
, idle talk: [*ro-bant], root [ba],
speak, as in [rabhan].
rac
, the ring kepping the yard to the mast,
the "traveller"; from Norse [rakki] (do.).
ràc
, a rake, Ir. [ráca], W. [rhacan]; from
M.Eng. [rake], Eng. [rake].
ràc
, a drake; from the Eng., earlier Eng.
[endrake]. The loss of
d
is due to the article.
racadh
, tearing; see [sracadh].
racadal
, horse-radish (Sh., H.S.D., Arm.),
ràcadal
(M`E.), Ir. [rácadal]; see [rotacal].
racaid
, noise; cf. the Sc., Eng. [racket].
Skeat takes the Eng. from the Gaelic, referring the G. to [rac], to
make a noise like geese or ducks. See next word.>>
ràcail
, noise of geese (H.S.D.); cf. Sc.
[rackle]. See next word.>>
ràcain
, noise, riot, mischief,
ràcaireachd
, croaking, Ir. [racan]; cf. Br. [rakat],
[rakal], croak, [raklat], cry as a hen; Lat. [raccare], cry as a
tiger, Lit. [re@?kti], cry, root [rak]. The words are greatly
onomatopoetic.
racan
, a bandy or crooked stick; cf. [rac].
racas
, sail hoop; see [rac].
rach
, go, Ir. [rachad], I will go, E.Ir.
[ragat], ibo, O.Ir. [doreg], veniam; root [reg], stretch. See
[éirich] for the root connections.
rachd
, vexation, moan, Ir. [rachd], a fit as
of crying or tears: cf. [racaid].
rachd
, strength (Carm.):
rachdan
, a tartan plaid worn mantle-wise:
racuis
, rack, roasting apparatus, Ir. [raca];
from the Eng. [rack], M.Eng. [racke].
radan
, a rat; from Sc. [ratton], M.Eng.
[raton], now [rat].
ràdh
, sayinng, Ir. [rádh], O.Ir. [rád],
[ráidiu], I speak: I.E. [rôdh-éjô]; Got. [rôdja], I speak; Skr.
[râdhayati], brings about; root [rēdh], [rē-dh],
[rē], of Lat. [reor], think, [ratio], reason.
radharc
, sight, Ir. [radharc], E.Ir.
[radarc], [rodarc]: [ro]+[darc]; for [darc] see [dearc], behold.
rag
, a wrinkle, Ir. [rag] (O'B., etc.); see
[roc].
rag
, stiff, benumbed, unwilling, Manx, [rag],
stiff, Ir. [rag] (Fol.); [*razgo-], root [reg], [rag], Lat. [rigeo],
rigid, Eng. [rack], N. [rakr], straight, Lit. [rezgù], knit. Hence
rogaim
(so Ir. in Lh., etc.), sneeze-wort (Cam.).
rag
, a rag; from the Eng.
ragair
, extortioner, villain; from Eng.
[rack], as in [rack-rent]. Dial. G. has
rògair
,
for and from "rogue".
raghan
,
raghadh
, choice;
see [roghainn].
raghan
, churchyard (Sutherland); cf. Ir.
[ráth], barrow, the same as G. [ràth].
raghar
,
radhar
, an arable
but untilled field (H.S.D., Dial.):
ràichd
, impertinence, idle prating (M`F.,
etc.):
ràideil
, inventive, sly, Ir. [raideamhuil],
cunning, sly:
raidhlich
, rag, cast off clothes (Suth.);
Lat. [reliquiae].
ràidse
, a prating fellow; founded on [ràdh]>
ràinig
, came, Ir. [ránaig], O.Ir. [ránic],
vênit; for [r-ánic], [ro-ánic]; see [tháinig].
raip
, filth, foul mouth,
raipeas
, foul mouth,
rapach
,
slovenly, foul-mouthed; M.Ir. [rap], annimals that draw food to them
from earth, as the pig and its like (O'Cl.), E.Ir. [rap] (Corm., [rop]
for cows, etc.): [rab-tho-], root [rab], [srab], Lat. [sorbeo]?
Stokes gives the stem as [*rapno-], root [rap] of Lat. [rapio], I
seize. The Ger. [raffen], seize, snatch, has also been suggested.
raisean
, goat's tail:
ràite
, a saying, dictum; for [ràdhte], a
participial formation.
ràiteach
, covenanting, affiancing (Suth.);
see [ràth], [ràthan].
ràith
, a quarter of a year, Ir. [ráithe],
M.Ir. [raithe]: [*râtio], from [&rdotmacr;t-], Skr. [&rdot;tu], season of the
year, appointed time for worship, Zend ([ratu]) do.
ràith
, a threatening:
raith
, prating largely (M`D.):
raithneach
,
raineach
,
fern, Ir. [raithneach], [raith], W. [rhedyn], cor. [reden], O.Br.
[raten], Br. [raden], Gaul. [ratis]: [*pratis]; Lit. [papartis],
Russ. [paporot&ibreve;]; Eng. [fern].
ramachdair
, a coarse fellow:
ramair
, a blockhead, a romp; cf. [ramalair].
ramasg
, sea tangle:
ràmh
, an oar, Ir. [rámha], O.Ir. [ráme], W.
[rhaw], spade, Corn. [rêv], oar, Br. [roenv]: [*râmo-]; root [ere]
[rē], [rō]; Lat. [rêmus], ([resmo-]); Gr.
&ecom;retmós
; Eng. [rudder]; Skr. [aritras].
ramhlair
, humorous, noisy fellow; from Eng.
[rambler]. Also, Badenoch Dial.,
ramalair
,
rambler.
ràn
, roar, cry; Skr. [râ], bark, [ra&ndot;],
sound, [râya&ndot;a], crying; Ch.Sl. [rarŭ], sonitus, Lettic
[rát], scold; and cf. Lat. [rânu], frog.
rangoir
, a wrangler; founded on the Eng.
rann
, a division, portion, Ir., O.Ir. [rann],
W. [rhan], Cor. [ran], later [radn], O.Br. [rannou], partimonia:
[*(p)rannâ], [*pratsnâ], root [par], [per]; Lat. [pars], [partis],
[portio]; Gr.
pore&iibre;n
, supply,
pépwtai
(perf.pass. of
pore&iibre;n
).
rann
, a quatrain, stave, Ir. [rann], E.Ir.
[rann], [rand]; from [rann] above ([rann], stave, is mas. in E.Ir.,
the other [rann] is fem.).
ranndair
, a murmuring, complaining (H.S.D.,
Dial.); cf. [ràn].
rannsaich
, search, scrutinize, Ir.
[rannsuighim]; from Norse [rannsaka], search a house, ransack, whence
Eng. [ransack].
ranntair
, a range, extent of territory:
"division", from [rann].
raog
, a rushing (H.S.D., Dial.); cf. [ruaig].
raoic
,
raoichd
, hoarse
sound or cry, wild roaring, as of bull;
raibheic
(M`A.), pronounced [raoi'c], roar: [*ro-beuc].
raoine
, a young barren cow that had calf; cf.
Sc. [rhind], as in [rhind mart], Ger. [rind], cattle, beeves. In
Suth. [reithneach].
raoir
,
an raoir
, last
night, Ir. [a raoir], [a réir], O.Ir. [aréir], [*pre-ri], root as in
[riamh] (Asc., St.). The Skr. [râtri], night, has been compared, but
the phonetics do not suit, and also Lat. [retro]. Cf. also [earar],
[uiridh].
raoit
, indecent mirth; from Sc. [riot] (do.),
Eng. [riot].
raon
, a field, plain, road, so Ir., E.Ir.
[roen], road, O.Ir. [roe], [rói], plain: [*roves-no-], [*roves-jâ]?
Lat. [rus], [rûris]; Eng. [room]. Norse [rein], a strip of land,
suggests the possibility of a Gadelic [*roino-].
rapach
, dirty-mouthed; see [raip].
ràpach
, noisy,
ràpal
,
noise, Ir. [rápal], noise, bustle; founded on Eng. [rabble].
ras
, a shrub (M`F., not M`A. or M`E.), Ir.
[ras] (O'B., etc.):
ràsan
, harsh, grating noise, loquacity,
ràsanach
, discordant, Ir. [ráscach], clamorous,
talkative; cf. [ràn], for ultimate root.
ràsdail
, a rake, harrow, E.Ir. [rastal]; from
Lat. [rastellus], rake, hoe, [rastrum], from [râdo], scrape, Eng.
[raze], [rash], etc.
ràsdail
, sound of frying meat; cf. [ròsd].
rath
, prosperity, so Ir., O.Ir. [rath],
gratia, W. [rhad], grace, favour: [*rato-n], root [râ], give; Skr.
[râti], gift, [râs], [rayis], property, Zend [râta], gift; Lat. [rês].
ràth
, a raft, Ir. [rathannaibh], (on) rafts
(F.M.); Lat. [ratis]. The root is the same as that of [ràmh] (=
[ret], [rât] here).
ràth
,
ràthan
, surety,
vadimonium, Ir. [rath] (O'B., O'Cl.), O.Ir. [ráth]; cf. O.Br. [rad],
stipulationes, which Stokes equates with Ir. [rath], and says that it
is from Lat. [rătum] ([ratum facere] =
"ratify"),
a derivation to which Loth objects. Hibernian Lat. has [rata] for
surety. The Lat. and G. are ultimately from the same root in any case
(see [ràdh]). ++
ràth
, a fortress, residence, Ir.
[ráth], E.Ir. [ráth], [ráith], g. [rátha], Gaul. [ratin],
[Argento-ratum]: [*râti-s], [*râto-n]; cf. Lat. [prâtum], a mead. W.
[rhath], cleared spot; borrowed from G.? (Rhys).
rathad
, a road, Ir. [ráthad], [ród]; from
M.Eng. [roade], road, Ag.S. [rád]; cf. M.Ir. [ramhad] (O'Cl.), E.Ir.
[ramut] (Corm.).
ré
, the moon, Ir., O.Ir. [ré], luna: [*revi],
Skr. [ravi], sun.
ré
, time, space, Ir. [ré], O.Ir. [ré], g.
[ree], space: [*revesi-], the
e
form of O.Ir.
[rói], [*rovesjâ], discussed under [raon], q.v. Hence the prep.
ré
, during, which governs the genitive.
reabh
, wile, trick,
reabhair
, subtle fellow,
reabhradh
,
disporting, as boys (Badenoch), Ir. [reabh] (O'Cl.), [reabhach],
mountebank, the devil, [reabhradh], E.Ir. [rebrad], boys playing,
sporting; root [reb], play. Bez. compares M.H.G. [reben], move, stir,
Swiss [räbeln], to brawl, be noisy, to which add Eng. [rabble]. Cf.
Zim. [Stud.]
1
83,84.
reachd
, law, statute, so Ir., O.Ir. [recht],
W. [rhaith], Br. [reiz], just: [*rektu-], from the root [reg]; Lat.
[rectum], right, [rego], rule; Eng. [right].
reachd
, a loud sob, keen sorrow, Ir. [rachd]
(also G.
rachd
), E.Ir. [recht]; cf. Eng. [reck].
reamhar
, fat, Ir. [reamhar], [ramhar], E.Ir.
[remor] ([remro-]), W. [rhef], thick; root [rem], to be thick; Norse
[ramr], strong, stark. Stokes gives the alternatives of M.H.G.
[fram], [vrom], sound, brave, O.Sax. [furm], or Gr.
prémnon
, stem, thick end.
reang
, a wrinkle in the face: "a rib"; see
[reang], boat-rib.
reang
, a rank, series; from early Sc. [renk],
M.E. [reng], now [rank]; Ir. [ranc], W. [rheng], Br. [renk]; O.Fr.
[renc].
reang
, a boat-rib,
rangan
(Sutherland), [reang], a bar, pole (Carm.); from Norse [röng], g.
[rangar], a ship-rib. See [rong].
reang
, kill, starve (M`F.), E.Ir. [ringim], I
tear, [reangadh], to hang, [reng], piercing or tearing. See
[tarruing].
reannach
, spotted, striped: "starred"; see
[reannag].
reannag
, a star, Ir. [reannán], O.Ir. [rind],
constellation, signum, sidus: [*rendi-], root [red], [&rdot;d], order;
Lit. [rinda], row, order, Ch.Slav. [re@?dŭ], ordo; Gr.
&ecom;rcrédetai
, fixed; Lat. [ordo] (Fick,
Prellwitz).
reasach
, talkative, prattling (H.S.D.,
Dial.), Ir. [réascach], [ráscach]; see [rásan].
reasgach
, stubborn, irascible, restive:
reic
, sell, Ir. [reic], a sale, O.Ir. [recc],
a sale, [reccaim] (vb.), also [renim], I sell: root [per], through,
over ("sell over sea"); Gr.
[peraw], sell, pass
through,
pipráskw
,
perncmi
, I sell; Lit. [pirkti], [perkù], buy.
The Gadelic and Lit. how a secondary root [perk], [prek], Gadelic
[*(p)rek-kâ], while O.Ir. [renim] and Gr.
perncmi
give a stem [pernā-],
[prenă-] (Ir.).
réic
, roar, howl (H.S.D.):
réidh
, plain, smooth, Ir. [réidh], O.Ir.
[réid], W. [rhwydd], O.W. [ruid], O.Br. [roed], M.Br. [roez], Br.
[rouez]: [*reidi-]; Eng. [ready], Ger. [bereit], Got. [garaids],
ordered. Also O.Ir. [riadaim], I drive, Gaul. [rêda], waggon, allied
to Eng. [ride], Ger. [reiten], etc.
réilig
, a burying ground, Manx [ruillick],
Ir. [reilig], [roilig], E.Ir. [relic(c)], [relec(c)], O.Ir. [reilic],
cemeterium; from Lat. [reliquiæ], relics.
réim
, dominion, power, Ir. [réim]:
réim
, course, order, Ir. [réim], O.Ir.
[réimm], inf. to [rethim], I run: [*reid-s-men-], root [reid] of
[réidh], O.Ir. [riadaim], I drive. Strachan suggests as alternates
root [rengh], spring, leap (cf. W. [rhamu], soar), Gr.
rímfa
, quickly, Ger. [ge-ring], light, Lit.
[rengtis], hurry; or root [ret], run (see [ruith]), [*retmen], or
rather, [*ret-s-men], which would only give [r&ebreve;mm].
réir
,
a réir
, according
to, Ir. [a réir], [do réir]; dat. of [riar], q.v.
réis
, a race; from the Eng. (H.S.D.). Cf.
[réise], span, of E.Ir.
réis
, a span, Ir. [réise]: [*prendsiâ], from
[sprend], Lit. [spréstî], to measure a span, root [sprend] (Strachan).
reisimeid
, a regiment; from the Eng.
réit
,
réite
, concord,
conciliation, Ir. [réidhteach]; [réidh], with terminal [-tio-].
reithe
,
reath
, a ram, Ir.
[reithe], E.Ir. [rethe]: [*retio-]; cf. Lat. [aries] ([*eriét-]),
Umbrian [erietu] (from [eri-]), Gr.
&ecom;/riofos
, etc., as in [earb].
reodh
,
reotha
, frost, Ir.
[reó], [reodhadh], E.Ir. [reo], [reod], O.Ir. [reúd], W. [rhew], Corn.
[reu], gelu], Br. [reo], [rev]. Stokes gives the stem as [*regu-],
even suggesting that the Gadelic forms are borrowed from the Cymric;
O.Ir. [réud] he refers to [*presatu-]. I.E. [preus], whence Lat.
[pruina], Eng. [freeze], has been suggested, but the vowels do not
immediatley suit ([preus] would give [rua-], [ró-] or [ro-], in G.);
yet [*prevo-], a longer form (with or without
s
)
of [preu-s], can account for the Celtic forms.
reub
,
riab
, tear, wound,
Ir. [reubaim], [réabaim], E.Ir. [rébaim], [rép-gaeth], rending wind:
[*reibbo-], root [reib], Eng. [reap], [ripe], and [rip](?). Stokes
gives the stem as [*reip-nó-], root [reip] of Gr.
&ecom;reípw
, dash down, Lat. [rîpa], Eng. [rive],
[rift], Norse [rifna], rumpi, [rífa], break. G.
reubainn
, rapine, leans for its form and force on Lat.
[rapina]. W. [rheibio], seize, is from Lat. [rapio].
reubal
, a rebel; from the Eng.
reudan
, a timber moth; cf. O.Ir. [rétan],
recula, small thing, from [rét], now [rud], q.v.
reul
, pl.,
reultan
, star,
Ir. [reult], g. [réilte], E.Ir. [retla], g. [retland], [retglu], g.
[retgland] ("[rét glé], bright thing", Corm.); perhaps [rét], thing,
and [*gland], shining, Ger. [glanz] (see [gleus]).
reumail
, constant (Arms.); from [réim],
course.
reusan
, reason, Ir. [reusun], M.Ir. [résún],
from M.Eng. [reisun], now [reason].
reusbaid
, a beggar's brat (Arran), a rascal:
ri
, to, against, Ir. [re], O.Ir. [ri], [fri],
in composition [frith-], [fris-], [fre-], W. [gwrth], [wrth], versus,
contra, re-, Cor. [orth], Br. [ouz]; [*v&rdot;ti], root [vert], turn;
Lat. [versus], against, to, [verto], turn; Eng. [-wards], etc.
riabhach
, brindled, greyish, so Ir., M.Ir.
[riab], a stripe: [*reibâko-], Lit. [raíbas], mottled grey, Lett.
[raibs], motley, O.Pruss. [roaban], striped.
riabhag
, a lark, Ir. [riabhóg], "grey one",
from [riabhach].
riach
, cut the surface, graze. Although
there is I.E. [reiko-], notch, break (Gr.
&ecom;reíkw
, tear, Lit [raikýti], draw a furrow,
etc., Ger. [reihe], row, Eng. [row]), yet it seems most probable that
[riach] is a variant of [strìoch], q.v.
riachaid
, a distributing:
riachlaid
, tattered garment (Suth.):
riadh
, interest; from an older [ríad],
running, course (see [réidh] for root). Cf. for force M.Ir. [rith],
interest: "running".
riadh
, a drill (as of potatoes, Badenoch):
"course, running", as in the case of [riadh] above. See [riamh].
riadh
, a snare: [*reigo-], root [rig] in
[cuibhreach]?
riaghailt
, a rule, Ir. [riaghail], O.Ir.
[riagul], [riagol]; from Lat. [rêgula], Eng. [rule]. Hence also
riaghail
rule thou.
riaghan
, a swing, swinging; cf. Ir. [riagh],
gallows, [riaghadh], hanging, gibbeting, O.Ir. [riag], gibbet. Cf.
[riadh], snare.
riamh
, a drill (of potatoes, turnips, etc,
M`A. for Skye); see [riadh]. H.S.D. gives the meaning of "series,
number", Ir. [ríomh], O.Ir. [rím], number, W. [rhif], as in
[àireamh], q.v.
riamh
, ever, before, Ir. [riamh], O.Ir.
[riam], antea: [*reimo-], [preimo-], I.E. [pri], [prî], belonging as a
case to [pro], before, and [per]; Lat. [pri-] (in [pris cus],
[primus], etc.), Lith. [pri], Got. [fri-], See [roimh].
rian
, order, mode, sobriety, Ir. [rian], way
or path, E.Ir. [rian], way, manner: [*reino-], root [rei]; Lat.
[rîtus], Eng. [rite] (Strachan).
riar
, will, pleasure, Ir. [riar], O.Ir.
[riar], voluntas: [*prîjarâ] (Stokes), root [prî], love, please; Eng.
[friend], Got. [frijon], to
love; Ch.Sl. [prijati], be
favourable; Skr. [prī/yate], be gratified, [prî&ndot;âti], enjoy.
riasail
, tear asunder,
riasladh
, mangling, tearing asunder: [*reik-so-], root
[reik], notch, break; Gr.
&ecom;reíkw
,
tear? Cf. [riastradh] [riach]; and [riaghan], a swing.
riasg
, dirk-grass, morass with sedge, land
covered with sedge or dirk-grass, Manx [reeast], wilderness, Ir.
[riasg], moor or fen, E.Ir. [riasc], morass; [*reisko-]; cf. Lat.
[rûscum] ([*roiscum]?), butcher's broom, Eng. [rush]. Sc. [reesk],
coarse grass, marshy land, is from G.
riasglach
, a mangled carcase (H.S.D., Dial.);
from stem of [riasail].
riaspach
,
riasplach
,
confused, disordered; see next word.>>
riastradh
, turbulance, confusion, wandering,
E.Ir. [ríastrad], distortion. For root, cf. [riasail]. W.
[rhywstro], obstruct (Hend.).
riatach
, wanton, illegitimate; cf. Eng.
[riot].
rib
, hair, snare, Ir. [ribe], [ruibe], hair,
whisker. See next words.
ribeag
, rag, tassel, fringe,
ribean
, riband, Ir. [ribeóg], rag, tassel, [ribleach],
a long line, anything tangled, [ribín], riband; from M.Eng. [riban],
O.Fr. [riban] (Br. [ruban]).
ribheid
, a reed, bagpipe reed, musical note,
Ir. [ribheid]; from M.Eng. [rēod], now [reed].
rìbhinn
,
rìoghann
, a
nymph, young lady, quean, Ir. [ríoghan], queen, E.Ir. [rígan], a
derivative of [rìgh], king. Gaelic leans, by proper etymology, on
[rìgh-bhean].
rideal
, a riddle; from the Eng.
ridhe
, field, bottom of a valley (H.S.D.);
better
righe
. See [ruighe].
ridir
, a knight, Ir. [ridire], E.Ir.
[ritire], W. [rheidyr]; from Ag.S. [ridere], horseman, [ridda(n)],
knight, Ger. [ritter], knight, Norse [riddari], rider, knight; from
the verb [ride] (see [réidh]).
rìgh
, a king, Ir. [rígh], O.Ir. [rí], g.
[ríg], W. [rhi], Gaul. [-rix], pl. [-riges]: [*rêks], g. [rêgos]; Lat.
[rex], [rêgis]; Got. [reiks], ruler, Eng. [rich], [-ric]; Skr. [râj],
king, our [rajah].
righ
, stretch (on a death bed), Ir. [righim],
stretch, reach, E.Ir. [rigim], Lat. [rego], etc., as under [righinn].
righil
, a rell, dance; see [ruithil].
righinn
, tough, pliant, tenacious, Ir.
[righin]: [*reg-eni-]; root [reg], stretch, Gr.
&ocom;régw
, stretch, Lat. [porrigo], [rego], etc.
See [éirich].
rinn
, a point, promontory, Ir. [rind], O.Ir.
[rinnd], [rind], W. [rhyn], [pehrhyn], cape. It has been analysed as
[ro-ind], "fore-end", E.Ir. [ind], end, Eng. [end]. Cf. [reannag],
however.
rinn
, did, Ir. [rinn], O.Ir. [rigni], fecit;
from [ro] and [gni] of [nì], will do, q.v. See also [gnìomh].
riochd
, appearance, form, Ir. [riochd], O.Ir.
[richt], W. [rhith]: [*riktu-], [*&rdot;ktu-] (?); for root, see that of
[dorch].
riodag
, kind of sea-gull (Lewis); N. [rytr],
sea-gull.
riof
, the reef of a sail; from the Eng.
riofa
, brimstone (Nunro's Gr.):
rìomhach
, fine, costly, handsome, Ir.
[rímheighe], finery, delicateness: [*rîmo-], "measured"; root [rîm] of
[àireamh]?
rionnach
,
reannach
, a
mackerel: "streaked, spotted", from [reann], star, connstellation.
See [reannag].
riopail
, mangle, tear (H.S.D.); founded on
Eng. [rip].
riplis
, weakness in the back (Suth); Sc.
[ripples].
rìreadh
,
a rìreadh
,
really, in earnest, Ir. [ríreadh], [da ríreadh] or [ríribh], revera;
from [*ro-fhìr], very true?
risteal
, a surface plough, used in the
Hebrides, drawn by one horse and having a sickle-like coulter, Sc.
[ristle]; from the Norse [ristill], ploughshare, from [rísta], cut.
rithisd
,
rithis
,
rìs
,
a rithisd
, etc., again, Ir.
[arís], O.Ir. [arithissi], [afrithissi], rursus. Ascoli suggests
[*frith-éisse], from [éis], vestigium (see [déis]). Others have
derived it from [*ar-fithis], O.Ir. [fithíssi], absidas, [fithis], a
circle, orbit. The
a
at the beginning is for
[ar-]: [*ar-frithissi], that is, [air], by, on, q.v. The root may
well be [sta], stand, reduplicated to [*sistio-]: thus
[*frith(sh)issi-], "resistere, backness".
ro
, very, Ir. [ró], O.Ir. [ro-], W. [rhy-],
Br. [re], O.Br. [ro-], [ru-], Gaul. [ro-] ([Ro-smerta], [Ro-danos],
etc.): [*ro-], [*pro-], which is both a verbal and an intensive
particle; Lat. [pro]; Gr.
pró
, before;
Eng. [fore], [for]; Skr. [pra], before.
ròb
, coarse hair; founded on Eng. [rope].
robair
, a robber; from the Eng. The Ir. has
[robail] for "rob".
robhas
, notification, information about
anything lost; cf.
robhadh
for root, the old form
of [rabhadh], q.v.
robhd
, a runt; Eng. [rout?]
roc
, a rock; from the Eng. [roc], a tempest
covered rock (Heb.), so M`K., who derives from N. [rok].
roc
, a wrinkle, crease, Ir. [rocán], [rug];
from the Norse [hrukka], wrinkle, fold, Eng. [ruck], fold
(Thurneysen). See [rug].
ròc
, a hoarse voice; founded on the Norse
[hrókr], rook, croaker, G. [ròcas], crow, Norse [hrókr], rook. W. has
[rhoch], grunt, groan, Br. [roc'ha], which Stokes refers to [*rokka],
Gr.
régkw
, snore.
rocail
, tear, corrugate; in the latter sense,
it is from [roc], wrinkle, and, probably, the first meaning is of the
same origin. See, however, [racadh].
ròcas
, a crow; from Norse [hrókr], M.Eng.
[rook], Ag.S. [hr/oc].
ròchd
, a cough, retching (Dial.); see [ròc].
ròd
, a way, road, Ir. [ród], E.Ir. [ród];
from Ag.S. [rád], M.Eng. [rode], now [road].
ròd
, a quantity of sea-weed cast on the
shore; cf. Ir. [ród], a cast, shot (O'R.), E.Ir. [rout].
ròd
, a rood (of land or mason-work); from the
Eng.
rodach
, sea-weed growth on timber under
water; cf. [ròd], sea weed.
rodaidh
, ruddy, darkish, M.Ir. [rotaide]:
[*rud-do-], root [rud], [roud] of [ruadh], q.v.
ròg
,
rògair
, a rogue; from
the Eng.
roghainn
, a choice, Ir. [rogha], g. [roghan],
E.Ir. [rogain], n.pl., O.Ir. [rogy]: [*ro-gu], root [gu], [gus], of
[taghadh], q.v. Stokes gives the stem as [*rogôn] and the root as
[rog], which ([Bez.Beit.]
18
) he correlates
with Lat. [rogo], ask. Bez. suggests Lit. [rogáuti], to cost.
ròib
, filth, sqalid beard, filth about the
mouth; cf. [ròpach] for root.
ròic
, a sumptuous but unrefined feast;
seemingly founded on the Sc. [rouch] as applied to a feast -
"plentiful but rough and ready".
ròic
, tear (H.S.D.; Sh. and Arm. have
[roic]); see [rocail].
roid
, bog myrtle, Ir. [rideog] (O'R.), M.Ir.
[raidleog], darnel, [raideog], bogmyrtle (St.): [*raddi]. Cf. [ras].
roid
, a race before a leap, a bounce or
spring: [*raddi-], [*raz-di-], root [ras], as in Eng. [race]?
roilean
, snout of a sow; really the "rolled"
up part of the snout, and so possibly from Eng. [roll].
roileasg
, a confused joy,
roille
, a fawning or too cordial reception; cf. Ir.
[róthoil], exceeding pleasure, from [toil], will. Also G.
roithleas
.
roimh
, before, Ir. [roimh], O.Ir. [rem-]:
[*(p)&rdot;mo-] (Stokes), root [per], as in [ro] (= [pro]); in form,
nearest allied to Eng. [from], Got. [fruma], Lit. [pirm], before. In
the pronominal compounds, where
s
begins the
pronoun, the
m
and
s
develop
an intermediate
p
coincident with the eclipse of
the
s
: [rompa] = [*rom-p-shu], where [su] = [sôs]
(see [sa]).
ròin
,
ròineag
(also
ròinn
,
ròinneag
), Ir. [róine],
[róinne], a hair, especially a horse hair, W. [rhawn], coarse long
hair, Cor. [ruen], Br. [reun], a hair, bristle, Skr. [roman], hair,
etc: [*râni-]; cf. Ir. [ruain], hair of tail of cow or horse,
[ruainne], a hair.
roinn
, division, share, Ir. [roinn], M.Ir.
[roinded], divided: [*ranni-], an
i
stem from
[rann], q.v.
ròisead
, rosin; from the Sc. [roset], Eng.
[rosin].
roiseag
, a small potato (M`D.):
ròiseal
, surge of a wave, the impetus of a
boat, an assault, boasting; from the Sc. [roust], strong tide or
current, Norse [röst], a stream or current in the sea. In the sense
of "boast", it is from Sc. [rouse], [roose], Norse [rausan], boasting.
ròisgeul
, a romance, rhodomontade; from [ro],
very, and [sgeul], a tale, q.v.
ròist
, roast, Ir. [rósdaim], W. [rhostio];
from the Eng. [roast], O.Fr. [rostir], from O.H.G. [rôst], craticula.
roithlean
, a wheel, pulley, Ir. [roithleán];
from [roth], q.v.
rol
,
rola
, a roll, volume,
Ir. [rolla]; from M.Eng. [rolle], O.Fr. [rolle], Lat. [rotula]; now
Eng. [roll].
ròlaist
, a romance, exaggeration; cf. Sc.,
Eng. [rigmarole].
ròmach
, hairy, rough:
romag
, meal and whisky (Sutherland):
ròmhan
, wild talk, raving, rigmarole (Dial.);
from Eng. [row]? from [Roman]? Cf. W. [rhamant], romance, Ir.
[ramàs], romance.
-KPD: Ir. [raméis]?
ròn
, the seal, Ir. [rón], O.Ir. [rón] (before
900), W. [moelron]: [*râno-]; Lettic [rohns], seal (W.Meyer,
[Zeit.]
28
119). Stokes holds [rón] as an
old borrow from Ag.S. [hron] or [hrón], [hrán], whale, while the Lit.
[rùinis], Lettic [rõnis], seal, must be from Teutonic. Zimmer
suggests Norse [hreinn], reindeer, Ag.S. [hrán]. Cf. names [Rónán],
[Rónóc], [Mac Ronchon].
rong
, a joining spar, rung, boat-rib,
rongas
,
rungas
(Dial.), Ir.
[runga]; from M.Eng. [ronge], rung of a ladder, [runge], Ag.S.
[hrung]; now Eng. [rung]; N. [röng], main rafter, pole. The words
[reang] and [rang] or [rangan], "boat-rib", are from the Norse.
rong
, the vital spark, life:
rongair
, a lounger; cf. next word.>>
rongair
,
rong
, a lean
person; from [rong], rung: "like a ladder". The Sc. has [rung] in
this sense: "an ugly, big-boned animal or person".
ronn
, a slaver, a spittle, E.Ir. [ronna],
running of the nose: [*runno-]; cf. Eng. [run].
ròp
, a rope, Ir. [rópa]; from M.Eng. [rope],
[roop], Ag.S. [ráp]; now Eng. [rope].
ròpach
, slovenly, squalid, Ir. [rúpach], a
young slut: [*roub-tho-]; cf. Eng. [rub].
ròram
, dealing extensively with a family in
provisions, etc.; liberality (M`A.):
ros
, seed,
ros lìn
, flax
seed (Armstrong's only use for it), Ir. [ros], flax seed, M.Ir. [ros],
genealogy, E.Ir. [ross lín], flax seed
(Corm.), [ros],
genealogy, to which Strachan compares Got. [frasts], for
[fra-s@?t-s], from [pro-sto] (Stokes), a child. A usual word for seed
is
fras
, which also means a "shower", but both are
ultimately from [*verso], flow, whence Gr.
&ecom;/rsc
,
&ebcom;rsc
,
dew, and
&acom;rscn
, male. Dr. Cameron
compared Gr.
práson
, leek ([*p&rdot;so]),
Eng. [furze].
ros
, a promontory, Ir. [ros], promontory
(North Ireland), wood (South Ireland; its usual Ir. meaning), E.Ir.
[ross], promontory, wood; in the former sense from [*pro-sto-s],
"standing out before", root [sta], stand, Lat. [sto], Eng. [stand],
etc.; especially Skr. [prastha], plateau. In the sense of "wood",
[ros] is generally regarded as the same word as [ros], promontory,
explained as "promontorium nemorosum", with which is compared W.
[rhos], a moor, waste, coarse highland, Br. [ros], a knoll.
ròs
, rose, Ir. [rósa], M.Ir. [rós], W.
[rhosyn]; from the M.Eng. [rose], Ag.S. [róse], from Lat.
[r&obreve;sa]. The word [ròs] has also the metaphoric meaning of
"erysipelas".
ròs
, knowledge (Carm.):
rosad
, mischance, evil spell: [*pro-stanto-],
"standing before, obstruction", root [sta]. Cf. [faosaid].
rosg
, an eye, eyelid, Ir. [rosg], O.Ir.
[rosc], oculus: [*rog-sko-], root [reg], [rog], see, Ir. [réil], clear
([*regli-]); Lit. [regiù], I see (Bez. apud Stokes). See [dorch].
rosg
, aincitement (to battle), war ode, Ir.
[rosg], E.Ir. [rosc]: [*ro-sqo-], root [seq], say, as in [sgeul],
[cosg], q.v.
rot
, a belch, bursting as of waves (H.S.D.,
Dial.); from Fr. [rot].
rotacal
, horse radish; from Sc. [rotcoll].
rotach
, a rush at starting, a running:
rotach
, rough weather, [rótach]? (Lewis); N.
[róta], storm.
rotach
, a hand rattle to frighten cattle:
rotach
, a circle of flith on one's clothes
(M`A. for Islay),
rotair
, a sloven:
rotadh
, cutting, dividing; from Sc. [rot],
lines drawn on the ground to show the work to be done, to furrow, rut;
cf. Eng. [rut].
rotal
, a ship's wake; cf. Eng. [rut],
[route], Lat. [ruptâ].
roth
, a wheel, Ir., O.Ir. [roth], W. [rhod]
(f.), Br. [rod]: [*roto-], root [ret], [rot]; Lat. [rota], wheel; Ger.
[rad]; Lat. [rátas], Lett. [rats]; Skr. [ráthas], waggon. Same root
as [ruith], q.v. Hence
rotha
, a roll (of tobacco),
rothaich
, roll thou, swathe.
rotha
, a screw or vice:
ruadh
, red, ruddy, Ir. [ruadh], E.Ir. [rúad],
W. [rhudd], Corn. [rud], Br. [ruz]: [*roudo-]; Lat. [rûfus], [rûber];
Gr.
&ecom;ruqrós
; Got. [rauþs]. Ag.S.
[réad], Eng. [red] (Sc. [reid], [Reid]); Lit. [raudà], red colour.
ruag
, pursue,
ruaig
,
flight, Ir. [ruaig] (n.), E.Ir. [ruaic]: [*rounko-], [rouk], root
[rou], Lat. [ruo], rush, fall.
ruaim
, a flush of anger on the face, Ir.
[ruaim], [ruamnadh], reddening: [*roud-s-men], from [*roud] of
[ruadh].
ruaimhsheanta
, hale and jolly though old
(M`A. for Islay):
ruaimill
, rumble (M`A.); from the Eng.
ruaimle
, a dry pool, muddy water (Sh.), Ir.
[ruaimle]. In G. the word means also the same as [ruaim] above,
whence indeed [ruaimle] as "muddy pool" may also be. Cf. Sc.
[drumblie].
ruaimneach
, strong, active, M.Ir. [ruamach],
E.Ir. [rúamna] (?): [*rous-men-]; Lat. [ruo], rush.
ruais
, a rhapsody (M`A.):
ruamhair
, dig, delve, Ir. [rómhairim],
[róghmhar], digging, E.Ir. [ruamor]; root [rou], [reu], [rû], dig;
Lat. [ruo], dig, [râta], minerals; Lit. [ráuti], dig up.
ruapais
, rigmarole (M`A.):
ruathar
, violent onset, skirmish, spell, so
Ir., E.Ir. [rúathar], W. [rhuthr], impetus, insultus: [*routro-],
root [rou], to rush on; Lat. [ruo], rush.
rub
, rub; from the Eng.
rùbail
, a tumult, rumbling (M`A.); formed on
Eng. [rumble].
ruc
,
rucan
(H.S.D., M`A.),
rùc
,
rùcan
(M`E., etc.), a rick
of hay; from Sc. [ruck], Eng. [rick], [ruck], Norse [hraukr], heap.
rucas
, jostling kind of fondness:
rùchan
,
rùcan
, the throat,
wheezing; cf. Sc. [roulk] (= [rouk]), hoarse, Fr. [rauque], hoarse,
from Lat. [raucus].
rùchd
, a grunt, belch, rumbling noise; from
Lat. [ructo], belch, [erûgere], epit out, Lit. [rúgiu], belch. Cf.
Sc. [ruck], belch.
rud
, a thing, Dial.
raod
(Arg., Arran),
rudach
(Arran
raodach
), hospitable, Ir. [rud] (g. [roda]), [raod],
O.Ir. [rét], g. [réto]: [*rentu-s]; Skr. [rátna], property, goods;
also root [râ] of [rath], q.v.
rùdan
, a knuckle, a tendon: [*runto-]:
rudha
, a promontory, Ir. [rubha], E.Ir.
[rube]: [*pro-bio-], "being before"; from root [bu] of the verb "to
be"; see [bi].
rudha
, a blush, E.Ir. [ruidiud]; from root
[rud], a short form of [roud] in [ruadh], q.v.
rudhag
,
rùdhag
(Suth.), a
crab, partan:
rudhagail
, thrift (M`A.):
rùdhan
, a small stack of corn (H.S.D., M`E.);
see [rùthan], peat heap, with which and with [rùcan] this form and
meaning are made up.
rùdhrach
, searching, groping, Ir. [rúdhrach],
a darkening:
rug
, wrinkle, Ir. [rug]; from Norse [hrukka],
a wrinkle, fold, Eng. [ruck], a crease.
rub
, caught, Ir. [rug], E.Ir. [ruc], [rucc],
tulit, O.Ir. [rouic]: [*ro+ucc-], where [ucc] = [*ud-gos-a], root
[ges], carry, Lat. [gero], [gestum]. See [thug].
ruga
, rough cloth (M`A.); from Eng. [rug],
M.Eng. [ruggi], hairy, Swed. [ruggig].
rugadh
, a greedy grasping of anything; from
Sc. [rook], deprive of, [rookit], cleared out.
rugaid
, a long neck (H.S.D.):
rugair
, a drunkard (H.S.D. says Dial., M`A.
says N.); from the Eng. For phonetics, cf. [ràc], drake.
rugha
, a blush; see rather [rudha], but
[rucce] (Corm.) shame, reddening (O'Cl.).
ruic
, undesirable fondness (M`D.):
ruicean
, a pimple: [*rud-ki-], from [rud],
[roud], red, as in [ruadh].
ruidhil
,
ruidhle
(Arg.), a
dance; see [ruithil].
ruidhil
, a yarn reel; from M.Eng. [reel],
[hréol], Ag.S. [hréol].
ruidhleadh
, rolling; from [ruith], [roth].
ruidhtear
, a glutton, riotous liver; from
Eng. [rioter].
ruididh
, merry, frisky, Ir. [ruidéiseach],
from [ruidéis], a sporting mood. Cf. [ruidhtear].
ruig
, half castrated ram; from Eng. [rig],
[ridgeling].
ruig
, reach, arrive at, O.Ir. [riccim],
[riccu]; from [ro] and [iccim], for which see [thig]. Hence
gu ruig
, as far as, O.G. [gonice] (B.of Deer), E.Ir.
[corrici].
ruighe
, an arm, forearm, Ir. [righ], E.Ir.
[rig], forearm: [*regit-], root [reg], stretch, Lat. [rego], etc. See
[ruigheachd].
ruighe
, the outstretched part or base of a
mountain, shealing ground, E.Ir. [rige], [rigid], a reach, reaches;
from the root [reg], stretch, as in the case of the foregoing words.
ruigheachd
,
ruighinn
,
reaching, arriving, Ir. [righim], I reach, inf. [riachdain],
[rochdain], E.Ir. [rigim], porrigo: [*regô]; Lat. [rego], [erigo],
[porrigo], I stretch; Gr.
&ocom;régw
,
stretch; further is Eng. [right], etc. See [éirich].
ruighean
, wool-roll ready to spin; from the
same rroot as [ruighe].
ruinn
, a point; see [rinn].
ruinnse
, a long stick or stake, an animal's
tail, rump:
ruinnse
, a rinsing, rinser; from Eng.
[rinse].
ruis
, a rash; formed from the Eng. Cf. Lit.
[russus], root [rud].
ruiteach
, ruddy, E.Ir. [rutech]:
[*rud-tiko-], from [rud], [roud] of [ruadh]. Stokes ([Rev.Celt.]
8
366) explained it as [*rudidech], but this would
give G. [ruideach].
ruith
, run, Ir. [riothaim], O.Ir. [rethim],
perf. [ráith], inf. [rith] (d. [riuth], W. [rhedu], to run, [rhed],
race, Br. [redek], Gaul.
[petor-ritum], four wheeler:
[*retô]; Lit., Lett. [ritù], I roll; Lat. [rota], wheel, [rotula],
Eng. [roll], Lat. [rotundus], Eng. [round]. See [roth].
ruithil
, a reel, dance, also
righil
,
ruidhil
: [*retoli-], root
[ret], run, wheel, as in [ruith]; Lat. [rotula], little wheel,
[rotulare], revolve, Eng. [roll]. Hence Eng. [reel] (Skeat). The
borrowing may be, however,, the other way, and Eng. [reel], dance, be
the same as [reel], a spindle or bobbin. [*roteli]?
rùm
, a room, Ir. [rúm], M.Ir. [rúm], floor
(O'Cl.); from the Eng.
rumach
, a marsh:
rumpull
, the tail, rump; from the Sc.
[rumple], Eng. [rump].
rùn
, intention, love, secret, Ir., O.Ir.
[rún], W. [rhin]: [*rûnes-]; Got., O.H.G., Norse [rúnar], Eng.
[runes]; Gr.
&ecom;reunáw
, seek out; root
[revo], search.
rùsal
, search, turn over things, scrape,
rùsladh
,
rusleadh
, rusling, moving
things about (Perth); from Eng. [rustle]; for ultimate root, see above
word.>>
rùsg
, a fleece, skin, husk, bark, Ir. [rusg],
O.Ir. [rúsc], cortex, W. [rhisg], cortex, Cor. [rusc], cortex, Br.
[rusgenn], [rusk], bark: [*rûsko-]; whence Fr. [ruche], beehive (of
bark), O.Fr. [rusche], [rusque], Pied. [rusca], bark. Stokes thinks
the Celtic is probably an old borrwo from the Teutonic - M.H.G.
[rusche], rush, Eng. [rush], rushes; but unlikely. The Cor. and Br.
vowel
u
does not tally with Gadelic [û]; this
seems to imply borrowing among the Celts themseles.
rùta
, a ram, ridglinng; from Norse [hrútr],
ram.
rùtachd
, rutting: from the Eng.
rutaidh
, surly (Carm.): [rut], ram (Carm.).
rùtan
, the hor of a roebuck:
ruth
, desire (Carm.):
rùthan
(better
rùghan
), a
peat heap (= [dais]); from the Norse [hrúgi], heap.
rutharach
, quarrelsome, fighting (H.S.D.
marks it obsolete; Arms.), Ir. [rútharach] (O'R.); from [ruathar].
-sa
-se
,
-san
, emphatic pronominal particle attached to personal
pronouns and to nouns preceded by the possessive pronouns:
mi-se
, I myself,
thu-sa
,
sibh-se
,
i-se
(she),
e-san
,
iad-san
;
mo
cheann-sa
,
a cheann-san
, his head. So also
modern Ir., save that [esan] is [ésean]: O.Ir. [-sa], [-se] (1st
pers.), [su], [-so], pl. [-si] (2nd pers.), [-som], [-sem] (3rd pers.
[m.] and [n.], sing., and pl.), [-si] (3rd pers. [f.]). All are cases
of the pronominal root [so-], [-se]; Gr.
&obcom;
, the (=
so
);
Ag.S. [se], the (m.), Eng. [she]. See [so], [sin].
sabaid
, a brawl, fight; see [tabaid]:
Sàbaid
, Sabbath, Ir. [Sabóid], M.Ir.
[sapoit]; from Lat. [sabbatum], whence Eng. [sabbath]; from Hebrew
[shabbáth].
sabh
, sorrel, Ir. [samh]; better [samh], q.v.
sabh
, ointment, salve; from Sc. [saw], Eng.
[salve].
sàbh
, a saw, Ir. [sábh]; from the Eng.
sàbhail
, save, Manx [sauail], Ir. [sabhailim]
([sábhálaim], O'B.); from Lat. [salvare], to save. Kuno Meyer says
from Eng. [save].
sabhal
, a barn, so Ir., M.Ir. [saball],
Ir.Lat. [zabulum]; through Brittonic from Lat. [stabulum], a stall,
Eng. [stable]. Cf. M.Ir. [stéferus] = zephyr.
sabhd
, a lie, fable (H.S.D., Dial.),
straying, lounging; cf. [saobh].
sabhs
, sauce, Ir. [sabhsa]; from the Eng.
sabhsair
, a sausage; founded on the English
word.
sac
, a sack, Ir. [sac], E.Ir. [sacc], W.
[sach]; from Ag.S. [sacc], Eng. [sack], Got. [sakkus], Lat. [saccus].
sac
, a load, burden, Ir. [sacadh], pressing
into a sack or bag, Low Lat. [saccare] (do.); from Fr. [sac],
pillage, the same as Eng. [sack], plunder, all borrowed from
[saccus], a sack or bag.
sachasan
, sand-eel:
sad
, dust shaken from anything by beating, a
smart blow,
sadadh
, dusting, beating.
sad
, aught (M`D.: Cha 'n' eil sad agam, I
have naught):
sagart
, a priest, Ir. [sagart], O.Ir.
[sacart], [sacardd]; from Lat. [sacerdos], whence Eng. [sacerdotal].
saidealta
,
soidealta
, shy,
bashful, Ir. [soidialta], rude, ignorant; from [sodal], q.v.
saidh
, an upright beam, prow of a ship, a
handle or the part of a blade in the handle:
saidh
, bitch; see [saigh]:
saidh
,
saidhean
, the saith
fish (Arg.); from N. [seiðr], the gadus virens, now [sei].
saidhe
, hay; formed from the Eng. [hay] by
the influence of the article ([an t-hay] becoming a supposed
de-eclipsed [say]).
saidse
, sound of a falling body, a crash,
noise (Badenoch Dial.
doidse
, a dint):
saigean
, a corpulent little man:
saigh
, a bitch, Ir. [saith] (Con., Lane,
etc.), [sagh], [saighín] (O'Br.), M.Ir. [sogh], [sodh], E.Ir. [sod],
bitch, she-wolf:
saighdear
, soldier, archer, Ir. [sáighdiur]
(do.), M.Ir. [saigdeoir], sagittarius, W. [sawdwr], soldier; from
M.Eng. [soudiour], [sougeour], Sc. [sodger], now [soldier], confused
in Gadelic with an early borrow from Lat. [sagittarius], archer.
saighead
, an arrow, so Ir., O.Ir. [saiget],
W. [saeth], Cor. [seth], Br. [saez]; from Lat. [sagitta]. For root
see [ionnsuidh].
sail
, a beam, Ir. [sail]: [*spali-], allied
to Ger. [spalten], split, Eng. [spill], [split].
sàil
, a heel, Ir., O.Ir. [sál], W. [sawdl],
Br. [seuzl]: [*sâtlâ]. Ascoli has lately revived the old derivatino
from [*stâ-tlô-], root [sta], stand; but [st] initial does not in
native words become
s
in Gadelic.
saill
, fat or fatness, Ir. [saill], fat,
bacon, pickle: [*saldi-]; Eng. [salt], etc.; Lit. [saldùs], sweet.
See [salann] further.
saill
, salt thou, Ir., O.Ir. [saillim],
condio, [*saldio], salt: [*salni-]; see [salann].
sailm
, a decoction, oak-bark decoction to
staunch blood, a consumption pectoral; founded on M.Eng. [salfe], now
[salve]?
sàimhe
, luxury, sensuality, Ir. [sáimhe],
peace, luxury, E.Ir. [sáim], pleasant: [*svadmi-]; Eng. [sweet], Gr.
&ebcom;dús
, etc. But cf. [sàmhach].
saimir
, the trefoil clover (A.M`D.), Ir.
[seamar]; see [seamrag].
sainnseal
, a handsel, New Year's gift; from
Sc. [handsel], M.Eng. [hansell], i.e. [hand-sellan], deliver.
saith
, the back bone, joint of the neck or
backbone, Ir. [saith], joint of neck or backbone (Lh., O'B., etc.):
sàl
, also
sàil
,
sàile
, sea, Ir. [sáile], E.Ir. [sál], [sáile]:
[*svâlos], root [sval], [svel]; Lat. [salum], sea; Eng. [swell]
(Stokes, who also refers Br. [c'hoalen], salt). Shräder equates
Gadelic with Gr.
&abcom;/ls
, salt, the sea,
and Lat. [salum], root [sal].
salach
, dirty, Ir., so O.Ir. [salach], W.
[halawg], [halog], Cor. [halou], stercora, O.Br. [haloc], lugubri:
[*salâko-s] (adj.), root [sal], to dirty; Eng. [sallom], O.H.G.
[salo], dusky, dirty. [sal], filth, is used.
salann
, salt, Ir., O.Ir. [salann], W.
[halen], Cor. [haloin], Br. [halenn] (*[salên]): [*salanno-s], salt;
Lat. [sal]; Gr.
&abcom;ls
, salt, sea; Eng.
[salt], Ger. [salz]; Ch.Sl. [sol&ibreve;].
salldair
, a chalder; from Sc. [chalder], Eng.
[chalder], [chaldron], from O.Fr. [chaldron], a caldron.
salm
, a psalm, Ir., O.Ir. [salm], W. and Br.
[salm]; from Lat. [psalmus], Eng. [psalm].
saltair
, trample, Ir. [saltairim]; from Lat.
[saltare], dance.
samh
, the smell of the air in a close room,
ill odour:
samh
, sorrel, Ir. [samh]:
samh
, a god, giant (Carm.):
samh
, a clownish person; cf. Sc. [sow], one
who makes a dirty appearance, "a pig".
samhach
, wooden haft, handle, Ir.
[samhthach], O.Ir. [samthach]; cf. O.Ir. [samaigim], pono (which
Ascoli refers to [*stam], root [sta], stand). Cf. [sam], together, of
[samhuinn].
sàmhach
, quiet, Ir. [sámhach] (Coneys has
[samhach]), still, pleasant, from [sámh], ([samh]), pleasant, still,
E.Ir. [sám], [sáme], rest, quiet, [sáim], mild, quiet: [*sâmo-].
Possibly allied to Eng. [soft], O.H.G. [samfto], softly, Got.
[samjan], please; and the root [sam] of [samhradh]. Stokes suggests
connectino with Zend [hâma], like, Ch.Sl. [samŭ], ipse, Norse,
[sömr], [samr], Eng. [same]; or Gr.
&cbcom;meros
, tame. Cf. [sàimhe].
samhail
,
samhuil
,
likeness, like, Ir. [samhail], like, [samhuil], likeness, simile, W.
[hafal], similis, O.W. [amal], Corn. [haval], [avel], Br. [haual]:
[*samali-]; Gr.
&obcom;omalós
, like; Lat.
[similis]; Eng. [same].
samhan
, savin-bush, Ir. [samhán]; from Eng.
[savin], M.Eng. [saveine], Ag.S. [savine], Lat. [sabina].
samhnan
,
samhnachan
, a
large river trout (H.S.D., Dial.):
samhradh
, summer, Ir. [samhradh], [sámhradh],
E.Ir. [samrad], [sam], W., Corn. [haf], M.Br. [haff], Br. [hanv]:
[*samo-]; Skr. [sámâ], year, Zend [hama], summer, Arm. [am], year;
further Eng. [summer], Gr.
&cbcom;méra
,
day. The termination [rad] = [rado-n] (n.).
samhuinn
, Hallow-tide, Ir. [samhain], E.Ir.
[samuin], [samain], [samfhuin]: usually regarded as for [*sam-fuin],
"summer-end", from [sam], summer, and [fuin], end, sunset, [fuinim], I
end, [*vo-nesô], root [nes], as in [còmhnuidh], q.v. (Stokes). For
[fuin], Kluge suggests [*wen], suffer (Got. [winnan], suffer); Zimmer
favours Skr. [van], hurt (Eng. [wound]); and Ascoli analyses it into
[fo-in-]. Dr Stokes, however, takes [samain] from the root [som],
same (Eng. [same], Gr.
&obcom;mós
, like,
Lat. [simul], whence Eng. [assemble]; see [samhuil]), and makes
[*samani-] mean "assembly" - the gathering at Tara on 1st November,
while [Cét-shamain], our [Céitein], was the "first feast", held on 1st
May.
samplair
, a copy, pattern, Ir. [samplair],
[sampla]; from Eng. [sampler], [sample].
-san
, as in
esan
, ipse,
iadsan
; see [-sa].
sanas
, whisper, secret, Manx [sannish],
whisper, Ir., E.Ir. [sanas]; [*sanastu-], root [sven]; Lat. [sonare],
Eng. [sound]; Skr. [svánati], to sound.
sannt
, desire, inclination, Ir., O.Ir.
[sant], W. [chwant], Cor. [whans], Br. [c'hoant]: [*svand@?tâ],
desire, root [svand], [svad], desire, please: Gr.
&abcom;ndánw
, please,
&cbcom;dús
, sweet; Skr. [svad], relish; further Eng.
[sweet], etc.
saobh
, erroneous, apt to err, dissimulation,
Ir. [saobh] (adj.), O.Ir. [sáib], [soib], later [saeb], falsus,
pseudo-: [*svoibo-s], turning aside, wavering, W. [chwifio], turn,
whirl; Eng. [sweep], [swoop].
saobhaidh
, den of a wild beast, fox's den:
saod
, journey, intention, condition, good
humour (Arg.), Ir. [saod], [seud], journey, O.Ir. [sét], way, journey,
W. [hynt], Br. [hent], O.Br. [hint]: [*sento-s]; Got. [sinþs],
journey, way, O.H.G. [sind], Eng. [send]. Hence
saodaich
, drive cattle to pasture: Cf. [saod], drive
animals slowly (Shet.), N. [saeta], waylay, [sát], ambush.
saoghal
, the world, an age, life, Ir.
[saoghal], O.Ir. [saigul], [saegul]; from Lat. [saeculum], race, age,
from [*sai-tlom], allied to W. [hoedl], life.
saoi
,
saoidh
, a good,
generous man, a warrior, a scholar, Ir. [saoi], a worthy man, a
scholar, pl. [saoithe], E.Ir. [sái], [sui], a sage, g. [suad]:
[*su-vid-s], root [vid] of [fios] (Thurneysen). Stokes ([Mart.Gorm.])
prefers [su-vet-], root [vât], say (see [fàith]). Rhys agrees.
saoibh
, foolish, perverse, Ir. [saobh] (do.);
see [saobh].
saoibhir
, rich, Ir. [saidhbhir], E.Ir.
[saidber], opposed to [daidber]: [*su-adber], from [*ad-beri-] (Lat.
[adfero]), root [bher] of [beir], bring, q.v.
saoibhneas
, peevishness, dulness; from
[saoibh], [saobh]. Ir. has [saobhnós], bad manners; but G. seems a
pure derivative of [saobh].
saoidhean
, young saith (Lewis); cf. N.
[seiðr].
saoil
, a mark, seal; see [seul].
saoil
, think, deem, Ir. [saoilim], E.Ir.
[sáilim]; cf. Got. [saiwala], Eng. [soul], which Kluge suggests may be
allied to Lat. [saeculum], root [sai].
saoitear
, oversman, tutor (Suth.); see
[taoitear].
saor
, free, Ir. [saor]. E.Ir. [sáer], O.Ir.
[sóir], [sóer]: [*su-viro-s], "good man", free; from [su] (= [so-])
and [viro-s], [fear], q.v.
saor
, a carpenter, Ir. [saor], W. [saer],
Cor. [sair]: [*sairo-s], from [*sapiro-s], root [sap], skill, Lat.
[sapio], [sapientia], wisdom, Ag.S. [sefa], understanding, sense
(Stokes, who thinks the Brittonic may be borrowed).
saothair
, labour, toil, Ir. [sothar], E.Ir.
[sáthar], O.Ir. [sáithar], g. [sáithir]: [*sai-tro-n]; also E.Ir.
[sáeth], [sóeth]: [*sai-tu-]; root [sai], trouble, pain; Got. [sair],
Ag.S. [sár], Eng. [sore], Ger. [sehr], [*sai-ra-]; Lat. [saevus],
wild; Lit. [síws], sharp, rough.
sapair
,
sapheir
, sapphire,
Ir. [saphír]; from Lat. [sapphirus], whence Eng. also.
sàr
, oppression,
sàraich
,
oppress, Ir. [sáruighim], O.Ir. [sáraigim], violo, contemno [sár],,
outrage, contempt W. [sarhäed] contumelia: [*sâro-n], [*spâro-n], root
[sper], kick, spurn; Lat. [sperno]; Eng. [spurn]; Lit. [spìrti],
kick; Skr. [sphur], jerk (Stokes). The W. has the
a
pretonic short; is it borrowed from Ir. (Stokes)?
sàr
, excellent, Ir., E.Ir., O.Ir. [sár-], W.
[hoer], positive, stubborn, assertion, Ogmic [Netta-sagru],
[Sgerettos], [Sagrammi]: [*sagro-s], strong, root [seg]; Gr.
&ocom;hurós
, strong, fast,
&ecom;/hw
, have; Ger. [sieg], victory; Skr.
[sáhas], might.
sàrdail
, a sprat; from the Eng. [sardel]
(Bailey), now [sardine].
sàs
, straits, restraint, hold, E.Ir. [sás], a
trap, fixing; from [sàth], transfix, q.v.
sàsaich
, satisfy, Ir. [sásaighim], O.Ir.
[sásaim]; from [sàth], q.v.
sàth
, plenty, satiety, Ir. [sáth], [sáith],
E.Ir. [sáith]: [*sâti-]; Got. [sóþ], satiety, Ger. [satt] (adj.); Lit.
[sótis]; Lat. [sat], enough, [satur], full, whence Eng. [satisfy],
etc.
sàth
, thrust, transfix, Ir. [sáthadh], a
thrust, push, M.Ir. [sáthud], driving, thrusting, E.Ir. [sádim]
(L.U.), O.Ir. [im-sadaim], jacio, W. [hodi], shoot; possibly from
[sô], [sê], hurl, as in [sìol]:
sath
,
saith
, bad (Dial.
[maith na saith, math na sath]), M.Ir. [sath] (Lecan Glossary),
[saith], O.Ir. [saich] ([cid saich no maith]): [*saki-s], root [svak],
[svag], weak, Ger. [schwach].
Sathairn
,
Di-sathairn
,
Saturday; see under [di-].
sè
,
sèa
,
sia
, six, Ir. [sé], O.Ir. [sé], W. [chwech], Cor.
[wheh], Br. [c'houec'h]: [sveks]; Lat. [sex]; Gr.
&ebcom;/x
; Got. [saíhs], Eng. [six]; Skr. [shash].
seabh
, stray (M`A.): see [seabhaid].
seabhach
, trim, neat (H.S.D., Dial.):
seabhag
, a hawk, Ir. [seabhac], E.Ir.
[sebac], O.Ir. [sebocc], W. [hebog], E.W. [hebauc]; from Ag.S.
[heafoc], now [hawk], Ger. [habicht], Norse [haukr], root [haf], I.E.
[qap], Lat. [capus], hawk, allied to [capio].
seabhaid
, an error, wandering, Ir.
[seabhóid], error, folly, wandering: [*sibo-], a short form of the
root of [saobh]?
seac
, wither, Ir. [seacaim], E.Ir. [seccaim],
[secc], siccus], W. [sychu] to dry, [sych], dry, Cron. [seygh], Br.
[sec'h], dry; from Lat. [siccus]. See further under [seasg].
seach
, by, past, Ir. [seach], O.Ir. [sech],
ultra, praeter, W. [heb], without, Corn. [heb], Br. [hep], without:
[*seqos]; Lat. [secus], otherwise, by, [sequor], I follow (Eng.
[prosecute], etc.); Gr.
&ebcom;pomai
, I
follow, Skr has [sácâ], with, together, Zend [haca], out, for. Hence
G. and Ir.
seachad
, past, G. and Ir.
seachain
, avoid.
seachd
, seven, Ir. [seachd], O.ir. [secht
n-], W. [saith], Corn. [seyth], Br. [seiz]: [*sept&ndot;]; Lat.
[septem]; Gr.
&ebcom;ptá
; Got., O.H.G.
[siban], Eng. [seven]; Lit. [septyni]; Skr. [saptá].
seachduin
, a week, Ir. [seachdmhain], O.Ir.
[sechtman], Corn. [seithum], Br. [sizun]; from Lat. [septimana], from
[septem].
seachlach
, a heifer barren though of age to
bear a calf; cf. O.Ir. [sechmal], præteritio (= [sechm], past, and
[ell], go, as in [tadhal]). Ir. [seachluighim], lay aside. H.S.D.
suggests [seach-laogh], "past calf". [seach-la], surviving, still
spared (Suth.).
seachran
, wandering, error, Ir. [seachrán],
E.Ir. [sechrán]: [*sech-reth-an], from [seach] and [ruith], run?
seadh
, yes, it is, Ir. ['seadh], for [is
eadh], it is; see [is] and [eadh], it.
seadh
, sense; usual spelling of [seagh], q.v.
seagal
, rye, so Ir., M.Ir. [secul]; from Lat.
[secale], whence also Br. [segal].
seagh
, sense, esteem, Ir. [seagh], regard,
esteem, strength, [seaghdha], learned (O'Cl.), M.Ir. [seg], strength,
Gaul. [sego-]: [*sego-], strength, pith; Norse [sigr], victory, Ger.
[sieg]; Skr. [sáhas], might; further Gr.
&ecom;hw
, have; I.E. [segh], hold.
seal
, a while, space, Ir. [seal], O.Ir.
[sel], W. [chwyl], versio, turning, Br. [hoel], "du moins", root
[svel], turn. Bez. (apud Stokes) compares Lettic [swalstit], move
hither and thither; to which cf. Gr.
saleúw
, I toss.
sealbh
, possession, cattle, luck, Ir.
[sealbh], E.Ir. [selb], O.Ir. [selbad], W. [helw], possession,
ownership: [*selvâ], possession, root [sel], take, E.Ir. [selaim], I
take, Gr.
&ebcom;le&iibre;n
, take; Got.
[saljan], offer, Eng. [sell]. Windisch has compared Got. [silba],
Eng. [self] (pronominal root [sve]).
sealbhag
, sorrel, Ir. [sealbhóg]; usually
regarded as for [searbhag], "bitter herb" (cf. Eng. [sorrel] from
[sour]). The change of
r
to
l
is a difficulty, but it may be due to the analogy
of [mealbhag].
sealbhan
, the throat, throttle: [*svel-vo-],
Eng. [swallo] ([*svel-ko-])?
sealg
, a hunt, Ir. [sealg], O.Ir. [selg], W.
[hela], [hel], to hunt, O.W. [helghati], venare, Cor. [helhia],
British [Selgovae], now Solway: [*selgâ], a hunt, root [sel], capture
(see [sealbh]).
sealg
, milt, spleen, Ir. [sealg], M.Ir.
[selg], Br. [felc'h]: [*selgâ], [*spelgâ]; Gr.
splághna
, the higher viscera,
splc/n
, spleen ([*splghēn]); Lat.
[liēn]; Skr. [plîhán], spleen; Ch.Sl. [slēzena], Lit.
[bluz@?nis]; also Eng. [lung].
seall
, look, E.Ir. [sellaim], [sell], eye, W.
[syllu], to gaze, view, Br. [sellet]; cf. [solus]. Stokes gives the
Celtic as [*stilnaô], I see, comparing the Gr.
stilpnós
.
sèam
,
seum
, forbid,
enjoin:
seaman
, (
sèaman
, H.S.D.),
a nail, small riveted nail, a small stout person, Ir. [seaman], small
riveted nail, E.Ir. [semmen], W., M.W. [hemin], rivet: [*seg-s-men],
root [seg], [segh], hold, as in [seagh].
seamarlan
, chamberlain, M.Ir. [seomuirlìn];
from the Eng.
sèamh
, mild, peasceful ([seamh], Arms.), Ir.
[séamh]; see [séimh], M`A. gives its meaning as an "enchantment to
make one's friends prosper". See [seamhas].
seamhas
, good luck, also
seanns
, good chance,
seamhsail
,
seannsail
, lucky; from Eng. [chance].
seamlach
, a cow that gives milk without her
calf, an impudent or silly person; Sc. [shamloch], a cow that has not
calved for two years (West Lothian):
seamrag
, shamrock,
seamair
(M`A.), Ir. [seamróg], M.Ir. [semrach] (adj.), E.Ir. [semmor] (B.L.):
seamsan
, hesitation, quibbling, delay, sham;
from the Eng. [sham], Northern Eng. [sham], a shame, trick?
sean
, old, Ir. [sean], O.Ir. [sen], W.,
Corn., and O.Br. [hen], Gaul. [Seno-]: [*seno-s], old; Lat. [senex],
g. [senis], old man; Gr.
&ebcom;nos
, old;
Got. [sinista], oldest, Eng. [seneschal]; Lit. [sénas]; Skr. [sánas].
seanachas
, conversation, story, Ir.
[seanachas], [seanchus], tale, history, genealogy, O.Ir. [senchas],
vetus historia, lex, O.W. [hencass], monimenta. Stokes refers this
to [*seno-kastu-], "old story", from [*kastu-], root [kans], speak
(see [cainnt] and Stokes' derivation of it). Regarded by others as a
pure derivative of [*seno-] or its longer stem [*seneko-] (Lat.
[senex], Got. [sineigo], old, Skr. [sanakás], old), that is
[*senekastu-]. Hence
seanachaidh
, a reciter of
ancient lore, a historian, Ir. [seanchuidh], a form which favours the
second derivation.
seanadh
, a senate, synod, Ir. [seanadh],
[seanaidh], E.Ir. [senod], W. [senedd], Corn. [sened], Br. [senez];
from the Lat. [synodus], now Eng. [synod].
seanagar
, old-fashioned, knowing; cf. Ir.
[senfha], W. [henwr]:
seanair
, a grandfather, Ir. [seanathair],
M.Ir. [senathair], literally "old father".
seang
, slender, lean, Ir. [seang], E.Ir.
[seng]: [*svengo-s]; Norse [svangr], slender, thin, Sc. [swank],
[swack], supple, Ger. [schwank], supple, allied to Eng. [swing].
seangan
, an ant (S.Inverness and Perthshire
snioghan
), Manx [sniengan], Ir. [sangán], M.Ir.
[sengán], E.Ir. [segon] (Corm.); cf. Gr.
skníy
(
i
long), g.
[skniofós] or
sknipós
,
skíy
, root [skene], [kene], scratch (see
[cnàmh]), Lit. [skanùs], savoury (kittling), Stokes ([Bez]
18
65) refers it to [*stingagno-], Eng. [sting],
Gr.
stízw
, prick; K.Meyer derives it
from [seang], slender.
seanns
, luck; see [seamhas].
sèap
, slink, sneak off, flinch, Ir.
[seapaim]: "turn tail"; see next word.>>
seap
, a tail, an animal's tail hangin down
(as a dog's when cowed):
sear
, eastern; see [ear].
searadoir
, a towel (Sh. [searbhadair]); from
Sc. [serviter], [servet], napkin, from Fr. [servietta], from [servir],
serve, Lat. [servio].
searbh
, bitter, Ir. [searbh], O.Ir. [serv],
W. [chwerw], Corn. [wherow], Br. [c'houero]: [*svervo-s]; O.H.G.
[sweran], dolere, Ger. [sauer], Eng. [sour]; Lit. [swarùs], salty.
searbhant
, a servant maid: from the Eng.
[servant].
searg
, wither, Ir. [seargaim], O.Ir.
[sercim], [serg], illness: [*sego-]; Lit. [sergù], I am ill; O.H.G.
[swërcan], O.Sax. [swercan], become gloomy.
searmon
, a sermon, Ir. [searmóin], M.Ir.
[sermon]; from Lat. [sermo], [sermonis], Eng. [sermon].
seàrr
, a sickle, saw, E.Ir. [serr], O.W.
[serr]; from Lat. [serra].
searrach
, a foal, colt, so Ir., E.Ir.
[serrach]: [*serso-]; Gr.
&ebcom;\rsai
,
young lambs?
searrag
, a bottle; founded on the Eng. [jar]?
sears
, charge or load (as a gun); from Eng.
[charge].
searsanach
, a sheriff officer, estate
overseer,
seirseanach
, auxiliary (Arm., Sh., O'B.);
Gaelic is from the Sc. [sergean], [sergeand], an inferior officer in a
court of justice, Eng. [serjeant], from Fr. [serjant], Lat.
[serviens], etc. M.Ir. has [sersénach], foot soldier [sèarsaigeadh],
charging, citation (Suth.).
seas
, stand, Ir. [seasaim], E.Ir. [sessim],
O.Ir. [tair(sh)issim], E.Ir inf. [sessom], G.
seasamh
: [*sistami], I stand, [*sistamo-] (n.), root
[sta]; Lat. [sisto], stop, [sto]; Gr.
&ibcom;stcmi
, set; Eng. [stand]; Skr. [sthâ]. The W.
[sefyll], stare, Cor., Br. [sevell], Br. [saff], come from [*stam]
(Stokes).
seasg
, barren, dry, Ir. [seasg], E.Ir.
[sesc], W. [hysp], Br. [hesk], [hesp]: [*sisqo-s], from [sit-s-qo-],
root [sit], dry; Lat. [siccus] (= [sit-cus]), dry, [sitis], thirst;
Zend [hisku], dry.
seasgair
, one in comfortable circumstances,
comfortable, Ir. [seasgair], cosy, dry and warm, quiet; from [seasg].
seasgan
, a shock or truss of corn, gleaned
land:
seasgann
, a fenny country, marsh, Ir.
[seisgeann], E.Ir. [sescenn]; from [*sesc], sedge, Ir. [seisg], sedge,
W. [hesg] (pl.), Cor. [hescen], Br. [hesk], whence Romance [sescha],
reed; cf. Eng. [sedge], I.E. root [seq], cut. Zimmer refers
[seasgann] to [seasg], dry, though it denotes [wet] or marsh land.
seat
, satiety of food (Dial.): see [seid].
seic
, a skin or hide, peritoneum, brain
pellicle; see [seich].
seic
, meal-bag made of rushes (Lewis); N.
[sekk], sack.
seic
, a rack, manger; from Sc. [heck], also
[hack]. See next.>>
seiceal
, a heckle (for flax); from Sc. and
Eng. [heckle]. The W. is [heislan], from Eng. [hatchel].
seich
,
seiche
, a hide,
skin, Ir. [seithe], E.Ir. [seche], g. [seched]: [*seket-]; Norse
[sigg], callus, hard skin. The root is I.E. [seq], cut, Lat. [seco],
etc.; cf. for force Gr.
dérma
, skin,
from
déirw
, flay, Eng. [tear], Lat.
[scortum] and [corium], from [sker], Eng. [shear], etc.
seid
, a belly-full, flatulent swelling,
seideach>, swollen by tympany, corpulent:
seid
, a truss of hay, a bed spread on the
floor (especially
seideag
in the latter sense):
[*seddi-]:
séid
, blow, Ir. [séidim], E.Ir. [sétim], W.
[chwyth], a blast, M.Br. [huéz], Br. [c'houeza], blow, Cor. [whythe],
to blow: [*sveiddo-], [*sviddo-] from [*sveizdho-], [*svizdho-];
Ch.Slav. [svistati], sibilare; Lat. [sîbilus], whistling (=
[sîdhilus]), Eng. [sibilant].
seidhir
, a chair, from Eng. [chair].
seilcheag
, a snail, Ir. [seilide],
[seilchide], [seilmide], [slimide], O.Ir. [selige], testudo; cf. Gr.
sésilos
(
i
long),
sésclos
,
sesilítcs
, a snail. Stokes gives the root as
[sel], allied to Lit [saléti], creep, [slékas], earthworm, O.Pruss.
[slayx] (do.). Stokes now, Lit. [seleti], creep.
seile
, placenta (Carm.):
seileach
, willow, Ir. [saileóg], E.Ir.
[sail], g. [sailech], W. [helyg], willows, Corn. [heligen], salix, Br.
[halek] (pl.): [*saliks]; Lat. [salix]; Gr.
&ebcom;líkc
(Arcadian); Eng. [sallow].
séileann
, sheep-louse, tick:
seilear
, a cellar, Ir. [seiléir], M.W.
[seler]; from Eng. [cellar].
seilisdeir
, yellow iris or yellow water-flag,
Ir. [soileastar], [feleastar] (O'B.), [elestrom] (O'B.), M.Ir.
[soilestar], W. [elestr], fleur de lys, iris, O.Br. [elestr]. Cf.
L.Lat. [alestrare], humectare (Ernault, Stokes in [R.C.]
4
329).
seillean
, a bee,
teillean
(Perth),
tilleag
(Suth), W. [chwil], beetle; root
[svel], turn, as in [seal]? W. [telyn], harp?
sèim
, a squint:
sèimh
, mild, placid, Ir. [séimh] (O'R.,
Fol.), [seimh] (Con.):
seinn
, sing, Ir. [seinnim], M.Ir. [sendim],
O.Ir. [sennim], play an instrument, psallo, perf. [sephainn]
([*sesvanva], Stokes); root [sven], sound, as in Lat. [sonare],
[sonus], Eng. [sound], Skr. [svânati], sound.
seipeal
, a chapel, so Ir., M.Ir. [sépél];
from M.Eng. and O.Fr. [chapele], now Eng. [chapel].
seipein
, a quart, choppin; from the Eng.
[choppin], from Fr. [chopine], [chope], a beer glass, from Ger.
[schoppen].
seirbhis
, service, Ir. [seirbhís]; from the
Eng.
seirc
, love, Ir. [searc], [seirc], O.Ir.
[serc], W. [serch], Br. [serc'h], concubine, M.Br. [serch]: [*serkâ],
[*serko-]; Got. [saúrga], care, Ger. [sorge], sorrow, Eng. [sorrow];
Skr. [sûrkshati], respect, reverence, take thought about something.
The favourite derivation is to ally it to Gr.
stérgw
, I love, which would give a G. [teirg].
seircean
, burdoch (Carm.):
seirean
, a shank, leg, spindle-shanked
person; for connections see [speir].
seirm
, sound, musical noise, ring as a bell,
O.Ir. [sibrase], modulabor; Celtic root [sver], sing, I.E. [sver],
sound; Skr. [svara],
sound, musik; Eng. [swear],
[answer], Got. [svaran], swear; Lat. [sermo], speech, Eng. [sermon].
The W. [chwyrnu], hum, snort, is also allied.
seirsealach
, robust (
séirsealach
, H.S.D.), Ir. [séirsean], a strong person
(O'R.); cf. [searsanach] for origin.
seis
, one's match, a friend, sufficiency, Ir.
[seas], ship's seat, Lewis [sis], bench, seat; cf. Norse [sessi],
bench-mate, oar-mate, from [sessa], a ship's seat (I.E. root [sed],
sit).
seis
, anything grateful to the senses, Ir.
[seis], pleasure, delight: [*sved-ti-], root [sveda], [svâd], sweet;
Gr.
&ecom;danós
, sweet,
&ccom;dús
(do.); Lat. [suavis], sweet; Eng. [sweet].
seis
, anuas, the seat (Suth.):
seisd
, a siege; formed from the Eng. [siege].
seisean
, session, assize, Ir. [seisiún]; from
Lat. [sessio], [sessiônis], a sitting, session.
seisreach
, a plough, six-horse plough, the
six horses of a plough, Ir. [seisreach], a plough of six horses, E.Ir.
[sesrech], plough team; from [seiseir], six persons, a derivative of
[sè], six.
séist
, the melody of a song, a ditty, M.Ir.
[séis], a musical strain: [*sven-s-ti-], root [sven], [seinn].
seòc
,
seòcan
, a helmet
plume, a helmet; cf. Eng. [shock].
seochlan
, a feeble person; from the Sc.
[shochlin], waddling, infirm, [shachlin], verb [shachle], shuffle in
walking, allied to Eng. [shackle], [shake].
seòd
,
siad
, a hero, a
jewel, Ir. [seód], a jewel; see [sud], jewel.
seòg
, swing to and fro, dandle; from Sc.
[shog], M.Eng. [shoggin], M.Du. [shocken].
seòl
, method, way, Ir. [seól] a method of
doing a thing, [seólaim], I direct, steer; E.Ir. [seól], course; W.
[hwyl], course, condition. From [seól], sail.
seòl
, a sail Ir. [seól], O.Ir. [séol],
[seól], [seol], g. [siúil], W. [hwyl], O.W. [huil]: usually referred
to [*seghlo-] (root of [seagh]) or to Teutonic [seglo-], sail (also
from [*seghlo-]), borrowed into Celtic. In either case we should
expect Ir. [*sél], W. [*hail], but we have neither. Strachan suggests
that [seól] is formed from g. [siúil] on the analogy of [ceól], etc.;
while W. [hwyl] may have been effected by a borrow from Lat. [vêlum]
(Cor. [guil], Br. [goel]).
seòmar
, a chamber, Ir. [seómra], M.Ir.
[seomra]; from M.Eng. and Fr. [chambre], Lat. [camera].
seòrsa
, a sort, kind, Ir. [sórt]; from the
Eng.
seot
a short tail or stump, the worst beast,
a sprout; from Sc. [shot], rejected sheep ("shot" from [shoot]),
shoot, stern of a boat, from the root of Eng. [shoot]. Cf. Norse
[skott], fox's tail,, [skotta], dangle.
seotal
, shuttle of trunk (M`D.):
seth
in
gu seth
,
severally, neither (after negative); cf. Lat. [se-cum]; "by
one-self".
seuchd
, a tunic or [léine] (Oss.Ballad of
[Ionmhuin]):
seud
, a jewel, treasure, hero, Ir. [seud],
O.Ir. [sét], pl. [séuti], pretiosa, Med.Ir., Lat. [sentis]; from
[*sent-], real, "being", I.E. [sents], being, participle from root
[es], be; Lat. [-sens], [praesens], etc.; Gr.
e&icom;s
.
seul
,
seula
,
saoil
, a seal, Ir. [seula], M.Ir. [séla], W. [sel],
O.Br. [siel]; from Lat. [sigillum], M.Eng. and Fr. [seel], Ag.S.
[sigle].
seum
, earnest entreaty; see [sèam].
seun
, a charm, defend by charms, Ir. [seun],
good luck, E.Ir. [sén], blessing, sign, luck, O.Ir. [sén], benedic],
W. [swyn], a charm, magic preservative; from Lat. [signum], a sign,
"sign of the cross".
seun
, refus, shun, Ir. [seunaim], [séanaim],
M.Ir. [sénaim]; probably from the above.
seunan
,
sianan
, in
breac-sheunain
, freckles:
seusar
, acme or perfection (M`A. for Islay);
from [seizure], crisis?
sgab
, scab,
sgabach
,
scabbed; from the Eng.
sgabag
, cow killed for winter provision
(M`F.):
sgabaiste
, anything pounded or bashed
(H.S.D.), Ir. [sgabaiste], robbery:
sgaball
, a hood, helmet, M.G. [sgaball], a
hood or cape (M`V.); Ir. [scabal], a hood, shoulder guard, helmet, a
scapular; from Lat. [scapulae], shoulder-blades, whence Eng.
[scapular].
sgabard
, scabbard; from the Eng.
sgabh
, sawdust, Ir. [sgabh] (Lh.); Lat.
[scobis], sawdust, powder.
sgad
, a loss, mischance; from the Sc.
[skaith], Eng. [scathe], [scath] (Shakespeare), Norse [skaði], scathe,
Ger. [schaden], hur.
sgadan
, a herring, Ir. [sgadán], E.Ir.
[scatan] (Corm.), W. [ysgadan] (pl.); cf. Eng. [shad], "king of
herrings", Ag.S. [sceadda], Prov. Ger. [schade].
sgadartach
, a set of ragamuffins (H.S.D.),
anything scattered (M`A.); from Eng. [scatter].
sgafair
, a bold, heary man (H.S.D., Arm.,
O'B.), a handsome man (H.S.D.), a scolding man (M`A.), Ir. [sgafaire],
a bold, hearty man, spruce fellow, a gaffer; from the Eng. [gaffer]?
sgag
, split, crack, winnow, filter, Ir.
[sgagaim], filter, purge; cf., for root [gàg].
sgaipean
, a ninny, dwarf:
sgàil
, a shade, shadow, Ir. [sgáile],
[scáil], M.Ir. [scáil], O.Br. [esceilenn], cortina, curtain:
[*skâli-], root [skâ], of [sgàth], q.v.
sgailc
, a smart blow, a slap, skelp, Ir.
[sgailleóg]; root [skal], make a noise by hitting; Norse [skella],
slap, clatter ([skjalla]), Ger.
[schallen], resound;
Lit. [skaliu], give tongue (as a hunting dog). Cf. Sc. and M.Eng.
[skelp]. Also
sgailleag
.
sgailc
, a bald pate, baldness,
sgall
, baldness, Ir. [sgallta], bald, bare, [scallach],
bald; from Norse [skalli], a bald head, Swed. [skallig], bald,
[skala], peel, [skal], husk, Eng. [scale]. The G. [sgailc] is
possibly from M.Eng. [scalc], scalp; but
sgall
is
clearly Norse.
sgàin
, burst, rend, Ir. [sgáinim]:
[*skad-no-], root [skhad], [sked], [skha], split, rend, cut; Gr.
skedánnumi
, scatter; Skr. [skhádate],
split,
sgainneal
, a scandal, Ir. [scannail], M.Ir.
[scandal]; from the Lat. [scandalum].
sgainnir
, scatter,
sganradh
(n.), Ir. [scanruighim], scatter, scare; cf.
Eng. [squander], allied to [scatter].
sgàinnteach
, a corroding pain, pain of
fatique; from [sgàin].
sgàird
, flux, diarrhœa, Ir. [sgárdaim],
I squirt, pour out: [*skardo-]; I.E. [skerdo-]; Lat. [sucerda],
swine-dung, [muscerda], mouse-dung = [mus-scerda-]; Skr. [chard],
vomit; Ch.Sl. [skare@?dŭ], nauseating; Eng. [sharn]. Another
form is [*skart], W. [ysgarth], excrement, Br. [skoarz], [skarz],
void, cleanse, Gr.
sk&wibre;r
, g.
skatós
, Skr. [çák&rdot;t], dung.
sgaireach
, prodigal (Sh., etc.); from the
root [skar] of [sgar].
sgàireag
, one year old gull, young scart;
from Norse [skári], a young sea-mew.
sgàirn
, howling of dogs, loud murmur; see
[sgairt].
sgairneach
, a continuous heap of loose stones
on a hill side, the sound of such stones falling (
sgairm
, M`A.); cf. Sc. [scarnoch], crowd, gumult, noise
(Ayr). See [sgairn]. Badenoch Dial.
sgarmach
.
sgairt
, a loud cry, Ir. [sgairt]:
[*s-gar-ti-], root [gar]?
sgairt
, activity, Ir. [sgairteamhuil],
active: root [skar], skip, spring; Gr.
skaírw
, skip,
skáros
, a leap, run; Zend [çhar], spring.
sgairt
, midriff, intesting caul, Ir.
[scairt]: "separater", from [skar] of [sgar]?
sgait
, a skate; from the Eng. [skate], Norse
[skata].
sgaiteach
, sharp, edged, cutting,
sgait
, a prickle, a little chip of wood in one's flesh
(Dial.); from [sgath], lop.
sgal
, howl, shriek, yell, Ir. [sgal], M.Ir.
[scal], root [skal], sound, cry; Norse [skjalla], clash, clatter,
[skvala], squall, squeal, Ger. [schallen]; Lit. [skaliu], give tongue
(as a dog); Gr.
skúlax
, whelp: I.E. root
[sqel], make a sound, allied to [sqel], split, hit? Cf. W. [chwalu],
prate, babble, spread, root [sqvel], [sqval].
sgalag
, a servant, Ir. [sgológ] (fem.),
husbandman, rustic, M.Ir. [scolóc] (= [gille]), E.Ir. [scoloca]; from
Norse [skálkr], servant, slave, Got. [skalks], servant, Ger. [schalk],
knave, Eng. [marshal],
[seneschal]. It could hardly be
from Lat. [scholasticus], as Skene ([Celt.Scot.]
1
448) thinks.
sgàlain
, scales for weighing, Ir. [scála], a
balance, [scali] (B.of Deer); from the early Eng. [scale], Ag.S.
[scále], Norse [skál], a balance.
sgàlan
, hut, scaffold, Ir., M.Ir. [scálán];
from the Norse [skáli], hut, shed. Stkes (Bez.Beit.
18
65) refers it to a stem [*scânlo-], cognate
with Gr.
skcnc
(Dor.
sk[ā
ná]), a tent, roof, [skhâ], cover,
shade.
sgald
, burn, scald, Ir. [sgall], scald,
singe; from the Eng. [scald].
sgall
, baldness, Ir. [sgallta], bald, bare;
see under [sgailc].
sgalla
, an old hat (M`A.):
sgàlla
, a large wooden dish cut out of a tree
(M`A.):
sgallais
, insult, contempt; from the Norse
[sköll], mockery, loud laughter, [skjal], empty talk, [skjall],
flattering (H.S.D. gives "flatter" as a meaning): allied to [sgal],
q.v.
sgamal
, a scale, squama, Ir. [sgamal]; from
Lat. [squâmula], [squâma]. In G. and Ir. Bibles, [Acts]
8
18, "Scales fell from his eyes" - [sgamail].
sgamal
, effluvia, phlegn, Ir. [sgamal]: same
as above.>>
sgamh
, dross, dust; see [sgabh].
sgamhan
, the lungs, liver, Ir. [sgamhán],
lungs, M.Ir. [scaman], W. [ysgyfaint], lights, Cor. [skefans], Br.
[skeveñt]; from Ir. [scaman], levis, W. [ysgafn], light, Cor. [scaff],
Br. [skanv], light (cf. for force Eng. [lights], Russ. [legkoe],
lungs, from [legkii], light): [*skamno-]; cf. Norse [skammr], short,
O.H.G. [scam], short.
sgann
, a multitude, drove:
sgann
, a membrane, Ir. [sgann]; cf. Norse
[skán], a thin membrane, film, [skaeni], film, membrane; [*skad-no]?
sganradh
, dispersing, terror; see [sgainnir].
sgaog
, a foolish, giddy girl; cf. Sc.
[skeich], [skeigh], skittish, Eng. [shy].
sgaoil
, spread, scatter, let go, Ir.
[sgaoilim], M.Ir., E.Ir. [scáilim]; cf. W. [chwalu], disperse, strew,
root [sqval], [sqvôl], allied to root [sqel], split (as in [sgoilt],
q.v.). Rhys says W. is borrowed.
sgaoim
, a fright, a start from fear,
skittishness: for [sgeum]? If so, for [sceng-men], E.Ir. [scingim], I
start; Gr.
skázw
, I limp,
skimbázw
, limp; Ger. [hinken] (do.); Skr. [khanj]
(do.). See [sgeun].
sgaoth
, a swarm (as of bees), Ir. [scaoth],
[scaoith]: [*skoiti-], from [skheit], separate; Ger. [scheiden], Eng.
[shed]; further Lat. [scindo] (from root [skjeid], split), split.
sgap
, scatter, Ir. [scapaim]: [*skad-bo-]
(from [skad], divide, Gr.
skedánnumi
,
scatter), developing into [skabb], which, as [skabb-th], becomes
[sgap]? But consider Eng. [scape], [escape].
sgar
, sever, separate, Ir. [sgaraim], O.Ir.
[scaraim], W. [ysgar], separate, O.Br. [scarat], dijudicari:
[*skaraô], root [sker], separate,
sunder; Lit. [skiriú],
separate; O.H.G. [scëran], Ger. [scheren], shear, cut, Eng. [shear];
further Gr.
keírw
, cut, etc.
sgarbh
, cormorant; from the Norse [skarfr],
N.Sc. [scarf] (Shet., etc.).
sgarlaid
, scarlet, Ir. [sgárlóid], M.Ir.
[scarloit]; from M.Eng. [scarlat], [scarlet], Med.Lat. [scarlatum].
Stokes and K.Meyer take it direct from Lat.
sgat
, a skate (Dial.); see [sgait].
sgath
, lop off, Ir. [sgathaim], E.Ir.
[scothaim]; I.E., root [skath], cut; Gr.
&acom;skcqc/s
, unscathed,
sjázw
, cut; Eng. [scathe], Ger. [schaden], hurt;
Skr. [chá], lop. The root appears variously as [skhê], [ska], [skêi],
[ske] (Gr.
skedánnumi
). It is possible
to refer [sgath] to the root [seq], cut, Lat. [seco], Eng. [section].
See [sgian].
sgàth
, a shade, shadow, Ir. [sgáth], [sgáth],
O.Ir. [scáth], W. [ysgod], Cor. [scod], umbra, Br. [skeud]:
[*skâto-s]; Gr.
skótos
, darkness; Eng.
[shade], Got. [skadus], shade, shadow, Ger. [schatten]; Skr. [cháya],
shadow.
sgath
(sh., Arm.,
sgàth
,
H.S.D.), a wattled door:
sgeach
,
sgitheag
, hawthorn
berry, Ir. [sgeach], sweet-briar, haw, E.Ir. [scé], g. [sciach], also
g.pl. [sciad], W. [ysbyddad], hawthorn, Cor. [spedhes], Br. [spezad],
fruit, currant: [*skvijat-]:
sgeadaich
, dress, adorn, Ir. [sgeaduighim],
adorn, mark with a white spot, [sgead], speck, white spot, [sgeadach],
speckled, sky-coloured; also
gead
, spot:
sgealb
, a splinter, Ir. [sgealpóg], splinter,
fragment, [sgealpaim], smash, split, make splinters of; see [sgolb].
Cf. Sc. [skelb], [skelf], a splinter, [skelve] (vb.).
sgeallag
, wild mustard, Ir. [sgeallagach],
M.Ir. [scell], a grain, kernel; root [sqel], separate, Eng. [shell],
etc. Stokes equates Ir. [scellán], kernel, with Lat. [scilla],
squill, sea-onion, Gr.
skílla
.
sgealp
, a slap; from Sc. [skelp], M.Eng.
[skelp].
sgeamh
, yelp, Ir. [sceamh], E.Ir. [scem],
[scemdacht]; cf. next word.>> Also G.
sgiamh
,
sgiamhail
, to which Ernault compares M.Br. [hueual],
cry like a fox.
sgeamh
, severe or cutting language, Ir.
[sgeamhaim], I scold, reproach: [*skemo-]; Norse [skamma], to shame,
to scold, Eng. [shame], [sham]? The word
sgeamh
also means "a disgust" in Gaelic; also, according to M`A., "a speck on
the eye", "membrane". Also Ir. (and G.?)
sgeamh
,
polypody.
sgean
, cleanliness, polish; cf. for ofigin
Norse [skína], Eng. [shine].
sgèan
, sudden fright or start, a wild look of
the face; see [sgeun].
sgeaunag
, a kind of sea weed, so called from
resembling a knife blade (Arg.).
sgeann
, a stare, gazing upon a thing:
sgeap
, a beehive; from the Sc. [skep], M.Eng.
[skeppe], a skep, carrying basket, Norse [skeppa], a measure.
sgeig
, mockery, Ir. [sgige], M.Ir. [scige]:
[*skeggio-]:
sgeigeach
, having a prominent chin or a beard
of strong, straight hair (Sutherland); from Norse [skegg], a beard,
from [sgaga], jut out, Eng. [shaggy].
sgeilcearra
, supple, active; cf.
[sgiolcarra].
sgéile
, misery, pity, Ir. [sceile] (O'Cl.,
Lh. as obsolete, O'B.), [scéile] (O'R.):
sgeileid
, a skillet, Ir. [sgiléad]; from the
Eng.
sgeileas
, a beak, thin face, talkativeness
(H.S.D.); see [sgeilm].
sgeilm
, boasting, prattling (H.S.D., Arms.),
a thin-lipped mouth, a prater's mouth (M`A.); also
sgiolam
,
sgeinm
. Root [skel], as in
[sgal].
sgeilm
,
sgeinm
, neatness,
decency; cf. [sgean].
sgeilmse
, a surprise, sudden attack:
sgeilp
, a shelf; from Sc. [skelf], Ag.S.
[scylfe], now [shelf].
sgèimh
, beauty, Ir. [sgeimh]; see [sgiamh].
sgeimhle
, a skirmish, bickering, Ir.
[sgeimhle]:
sgéinnidh
, twine, flax or hep thread; cf. Ir.
[sgainne], a skein or clue of thread. The Sc. [skiny], pack thread
(pronounced [skeenyie]), is apparently from G.; Eng. [skein] is from
M.Eng. [skeine], O.Fr. [escaigne]. Skeat derives the Eng. from
Gaelic. The G. alone might be referred to [*skein], from [s@?hein],
[s&gcurly;hoin], rope, string, Lit. [geinis], string, Lat. [fûnis],
Gr.
sho&iibre;nos
.
sgeir
a rock in the sea, skerry; from Norse
[sker], a rock in the sea, whence Eng. [skerry], [scaur]: "cut off",
from root of Eng. [shear], G. [sgar].
sgeith
, vomit, Ir. [sceithim], E.Ir. [scéim],
[sceithim], W. [chwydu], Br. [c'houeda]: [*sqveti-]; cf. Gr.
spatígc
, thin excrement as in diarrhœa
(Bez.). [sgeith-féith], varicose vein.
sgeò
, g.
sgiach
, haze,
dimness (Heb.): see [ceò].
sgeòc
, a long neck; cf. [geòc].
sgeò
, a torrent of foolish words, also
sgeog
:
sgeul
,
sgial
, a tale, Ir.
[sgeul], O.Ir. [scél], W. [chwedl], Cor. [whethl], Br. [quehezl]
([que-hezl], [que] = [ko-]): [*sqetlo-n] ([sqedlo-n], Rhys), root
[seq], say: Lat. [inseque], dic, [inquam] (= [in-squam]?), say I; Gr.
[&ecom;nnépw], I tell,
&ecom;/ni-spe
, dixit;
Ger. [sagen] Eng. [say]; Lit. [sakýti], say.
sgeun
, dread, disgust, look of fear, Ir.
[sgéan], fright, wild look, M.Ir. [scén], affright: [*skeng-no-], from
[skeng], start, spring, E.Ir. [scingim], start, spring (for root see
[sgaoim]). Strachan refers it to [*skakno-], root [skak], spring,
Lit. [szókti], spring, Ch.Sl. [skakati], Norse [skaga], jut out.
sgiab
, a snatch, sudden movement, Ir.
[sgiob]; see [sgiobag].
sgiamh
, beauty, Ir. [sgiamh], O.Ir. [scíam]:
[*skeimâ]; cf. Got. [skeima], a light, Ag.S. [scíma], Norse [skími],
a gleam of light, further Eng. [shine], [shimmer].
sgiamh
, a squeal, yell, mew; see [sgeamh].
sgian
, a knife, Ir. [sgian], E.Ir. [scían],
W. [ysgíen] slicer, scimitar, [ysgi], citting off Br. [skeja], cut:
[*scêenâ], vb. [skêô], cut; Skr. [châ], cut off, Gr.
sházw
, cut,
sháw
;
I.E. root [skjê], [skha],
DMK
...
used to be @g[...] ie a curly g,
DMK assumed to be a mistake for @G[...] ie Greek
split, cut. Lindsay refers Gadelic to [*scênâ], allied to Lat.
[scêna], a priest's knife, whose side-form is [sacena], from [seco],
cut, Eng. [section], [saw]. Others have compared Lat. [scio], know,
Gr.
keíw
, cut.
sgiath
, a shield, Ir. [sgiath], O.Ir.
[sciath], W. [ysgwyd], O.W. [scuit], O.Br. [scoit] Br. [skoued]:
[*skeito-]; Ch.Sl. [stitŭ], shield; O.Pruss. [scaytan], Norse
[skíð], firewood, billet of wood, tablet (Schräder); to which Bez.
queries if Lat. [scûtum] ([*skoito-]?) be allied.
sgiath
, a wing, Ir. [sgiathán], [sgiath],
E.Ir. [sciath] ([sciath n-ete], shoulder of the wing), O.I. [scíath],
ala, pinaa, W. [ysgwydd], shoulder, Cor. [scuid], scapula, Br.
[skoaz]: [*skeito-], [*skeidâ], shoulder-blade; I.E. root [sqid], Lat.
[scindo]; Gr.
shízw
, split; Skr. [chid],
cut; further Ger. [scheiden], divide (I.E. [shheit]), which agrees
with the Gadelic form.
sgibeach
,
sgibidh
, neat;
see [sgiobalta].
sgid
, a little excrement (M`A.); from the
Eng.
sgideil
, a plash of water; see [sgiodar].
sgil
, skill; from the Eng.
sgil
, unhusk, shell, Ir. [sgiollaim],
[sgilc], shellings of corn,
sgilice
, the operation
of the mill in shelling corn: [*skeli-], I.E. [sqel], separate; Norse
[skilja], separate, Eng. [skill], shell], etc. See [scoilt]. Cf. Sc.
[shillin], shelled or unhusked grain.
sgilbheag
, a chip of slate (Arg.); from Sc.
[skelve] a thin slice, Eng. [shelf].
sgilig
, shelled grain (Dial.), fom Norse,
whence Sc. [shillin], which see under [sgil]. Ir. [sgilige],
[sgileadh], [sgiolladh], shelling grain.
sgillinn
, a penny, Ir. [sgillin], shilling,
M.Ir. [scilling], [scillic], from Ag.S. [scilling], Norse [skillingr],
Ger. [schilling].
sgilm
, a mouth expressive of scolding
aptitude (M`A.); see [sgiolam].
sgimilear
, a vagrant parasite, intruder; from
Sc. [skemmel]. Cf. [sgiomalair].
sginn
, squeeze out, gush out, Ir. [scinn],
gush, start, E.Ir. [scendim], spring; Skr. [skand], leap; Lat.
[scando]; Gr.
skándalon
, Eng.
[scandal]. Arm. has
sginichd
, squeezing; Badenoch
Dial. has
sging
, a squeeze, hardship.
there is an E.Ir. [scingim], I spring, from [skeng], discussed under
[sgaoim].
sgioba
, ship's crew; from the Norse [skip], a
ship.
sgiobag
, a slap given in play, a hasty touch
or snatch,
sgiob
,
sgiab
, snatch,
Ir. [sgiobaim], I snatch, W. [ysgip], [ysgipiol]; cf. Manx [skibbag],
skip, hop, from Eng. [skip].
sgiobair
, a skipper; from the Sc. [skippare],
Eng. [skipper], Norse [skipari], a mariner.
sgiobal
,
sgìobal
(Suth.),
a barn, Ir. [sgiobál]:
sgioball
, loose folds or skirts of a garment:
sgiobalta
, clever, neat, Manx [skibbylt],
active, a skipping, Ir. [sgiobalta], active, spruce; also G.
sgioblaich
, adjust the dress, etc., tidy up. Cf. Norse
[skipulag], order, arrangement, [skipa], put in order, Eng. [ship
shape]. The Gadelic is borrowed.
sgiodar
, a plashing through bog and mire,
diarrhœa; from Sc. [scutter], [skitter].
sgiogair
, a jackanapes, Ir. [sgigire], a
buffoon, mocker; see [sgeig].
sgiolam
, forward talk, also
sgeilm
; also
giolam
. See [sgeilm].
[sgiol] (Lewis), empty talk; N. [skjal].
sgiolc
, slip in or out unperceived; cf. Eng.
[skulk].
sgiolbhagan
, fibs (Wh.):
sgiomalair
, an instrument to take the suet
off a pot (M`A.); from Eng. [skim]?
sgìonabhagan
, "smithereens" (Arg.); from
[sgian]?
sgionnadh
, starting, eyes starting with fear;
see [sginn].
sgionn-shuil
, a squint eye; from Eng.
[squint], with a leaning on G. [sgionn], [sginn], start, protrude.
sgiord
, squirt, purge, Ir. [sgíordadh] (n.),
sgiurdaim (O'R.); either cognate with or borrowed from Eng. [squirt]
(Stokes' [Lis.]).
sgiorr
, slip, stumble, Ir. [sciorraim]:
sgiort
, a skirt, edge of a garment, Ir.
[sgiorta]; from Eng. [skirt]. O'Cl. has Ir. [sguird] for tunic or
shirt.
sgiot
, scatter; from Norse [skjóta], shoot,
[skyti], shooter. M`A. says the word belongs to the North Highlands;
Arm. does not have it. Ir. has [sgiot], a dart, arrow: "something
shot".
sgìre
, a parish; from Ag.S. [scír], county,
now [shire], O.H.G. [scîra], charge.
sgirtean
, a disease in cattle - black spauld
or quarter-ill (H.S.D.): "stumbling disease", from [sgiorradh]?
sgìth
, tired, Ir. [sgíth], weariness, O.Ir.
[scíth], Corn. [sqwyth], [skîth], Br. [skouîz], [skuîz]: [*skîto-],
[*skîtto-] (Brittonic [*skvîtto-], according to Stokes); rrot [skhei]
beside [khsei], decay, destroy, Gr.
fqíw
,
fqísis
,
phthisis, Skr. [kshi], destroy, [kshitás], exhausted (Strachan,
[Bez.Beit.]
17
300).
sgithiol
, a shealing hut (Carmichael); from
Norse [skýli], a shed, [skjól], a shelter, Dan. and Swed. [skjul],
shed, Eng. [sheal].
sgiùcan
,
sgiùchan
, the
cackling or plaint of a moorhen:
sgiùgan
, a whimper; cf. the above word.>>
sgiùnach
, a charm for getting all the fish
about a boat or headland into one's own boat amidst the amazement of
the neighbours (M`A.):
sgiùnach
, a bold, shameless woman (H.S.D.):
sgiurdan
, a squirt; from the Eng.
sgiùrs
, scourge, Ir. [sgiúrsaim], W.
[ysgors]; from M.Eng. [scourge], Lat. [excoriare].
sgiùthadh
, a lash, stroke with a whip (H.S.D.
says Dial.; M`A. says North):
sglabhart
, a blow on the side of the head;
from Sc. [sclaffert] (do.), [sclaff], a blow, Prov.Fr. [esclaffa], to
beat (Ducange), Med.Lat. [eclaffa].
sglàib
, ostentation (Hend.):
sglaim
, questionably acquired wealth,
sglaimire
, usurper (M`A.); see [glam].
sglamhadh
, a seizing greedily upon anything,
Ir. [sclamhaim], I seize greedily, scold; also G.
sglamadh
(M`E.); see [glam].
sglamhruinn
, a scolding, abusive words; cf.
Sc. [sclourie], vilify, abuse, bedaub. Ir. [sglamhadh] means also
"scold:, and G.
sglamhadh
, scold of a sudden
(M`A.). Sc. has [sklave], to calumniate.
sglamhradh
, clawing one's skin for itch
(M`A.); see [clamhradh].
sgleamhas
, meanness, sordidness,
sgleamhraidh
, a stupid or mean fellow.
gleamaic
, plaster (vb.), daub filthily
(M`A.),
sgleamaid
, snotters (M`A.):
sglèap
, ostentation, Ir. [sgléip]; M`A. gives
the force of "to flatter, stare open-mouthed at one".
sgleò
, dimness of the eyes, vapour:
sgleò
, boasting, romancing, Ir. [scleo],
boasting, high language:
sgleò
, misery, Ir. [scleo] (O'Cl.):
sgleòbach
, sluttish:
sgleobht
, a chunk (M`D.):
sgleog
, a snot, phlegm, a knock:
sgleogair
, a troublesome prattler, liar:
sgleòid
, a silly person, slattern, Ir.
[scleóid]; also
gleòid
:
sgliamach
, slippery-faced (M`L.):
sgliat
, slate, Ir. [scláta]; from M.Eng.
[sclat], now [slate].
sglìmeach
, troublesome, as an unwelcome
guest:
sgliobhag
, a slap (Dial.); cf. Sc. [sclaff],
[sclaffert].
sgliùrach
(
sgliurach
,
H.S.D.), a slut, gossip, Ir. [sgliurach]. The G. also means "young of
the sea-gull till one year old", when they become
sgàireag
.
sglongaid
, a snot, spit; see [glong].
sgob
, snatch, bite, sting, Ir. [sgoballach],
a morsel, peice; also G.
sgobag
, a small wound, a
small dram. Seemingly formed from
gob
, a bill,
mout (cf. O.Fr. [gobet], morsel, [gober], devour, Eng. [gobble]).
sgoch
, gash, make an incision; for [scoth];
see [sgath].
sgòd
, the corner of a sheet, the sheet of a
sail, a sheet-rope, M.Ir. [scóti], sheets; from Norse [skaut], the
sheet or corner of square cloth, the sheet rope, a hood, Got.
[skauts], hem, Eng. [sheet].
sgog
, a fool, idler,
sgogach
, foolish, Ir. [sgogaire] (O'R.), W. [ysgogyn],
fop, flatterer:
sgòid
, pride, conceit, Ir. [sgóid]; G.
sgoideas
, pageantry, ostentation:
sgoid
, drift-wood (Lewis); N. [skiða].
sgoil
, school, Ir. [sgoil], E.Ir. [scol], W.
[ysgol], Br. [skol]; from Lat. [schola], whence Eng. [school].
sgoileam
, loquacity; see [sgiolam].
sgoilt
, split,
sgoltadh
,
splitting, Ir., M.Ir. [scoiltim], inf. [scoltad], O.Ir. [siuscoilt],
scinde ([St.Gal.Incant.]), Cor. [felja], Br. [faouto], split:
[*sgoltô], split, root [sqvel]; Lit. [skélto], split, [skiliù], split;
Norse [skiljan], separate, Ger. [schale], shell, Eng. [shale],
[skill]; Gr.
skállw
, hoe,
skúllw
, tear.
sgoim
, wandering about, skittishness (Hend.);
cf. [sgaoim].
sgoinn
, care, efficacy, neatness:
sgoirm
, throat, lower parts of a hill (M`P.
[Ossian]); for latter force, see under [sgairneach].
sgoitich
, a quack, mountebank:
sgol
, rinse, wash; from Norse [skola], wash,
Swed. [skölja], rinse, wash, Dan. [skylle].
sgolb
, a splinter, Ir. [sgolb], M.Ir.
[scolb], a wattle, W. [ysgolp], splinter, Br. [skolp]: [*skolb-], root
[skel], [skol], split (see [sgoilt]), fuller root [skel-&gcurly;]; Gr.
kolobós
, stunted,
skóloy
(
skólopos
),
stake; Swed. [skalks], a piece, also Got. [halks], halt, Eng. [shelf],
[spelk] (Perrson [Zeit.]
ee
290 for Gr. and
Teut.).
sgonn
, a block of wood, blockhead;
[sgonn-balaich], lump of a boy: [*skotsno-], "section"; from the root
of [sgath].
sgonsair
, an avaricious rascal (M`D.):
sgop
, foam, froth (M`D.):
sgor
, a mark, notch, Ir. [sgór]; from Eng.
[score], Norse [skor], mark, notch, tally (G. is possibly direct from
Norse).
sgòr
,
sgòrr
, a sharp rock;
from Sc. [scaur], Eng. [scar], cliff, of Scandinavian origin, Norse
[sker], skerry; O.H.G. [scorra], rock; further Eng. [shore], Ag.S.
[score]. See [sgeir] further.
sgòrnan
, a throat, Ir. [scornán]:
sgot
, a spot, blemish, small farm; cf. Sc.
[shot], a spot or plot of ground.
sgoth
, a boat, skiff, a Norway skiff; from
Scandinavian - Dan. [skude], Norse [skúta], a cutter, small craft.
++
sgoth
, a flower, Ir. [sgoth]; Lat. [scateo], gush
(St. [Zeit.]
33
.
sgrabach
, rough, ragged, Ir. [sgrábach],
[sgrabach] (Lh.); from Eng. [scrap], [sgrappy], Norse [skrap],
scraps.
sgrabaire
, the Greenland dove; hence Sc.
[scraber].
sgragall
, gold-foil, spangle (Sh., Lh., etc.;
not M`A. or M`E.), Ir. [sgragall]:
sgraideag
, small morsel, diminutive woman,
Ir. [sgraideóg]. M`A. gives
sgràid
, a hag, old
cow or mare, and H.S.D.
sgraidht
(do.). Cf. Sc.
[scradyn], a puny, sickly child, [scrat], a puny person, Norse
[skratti], wizard, goblin.
sgraig
, hit one a blow:
sgràill
(
sgraill
, H.S.D.),
rail at, abuse:
sgraing
, a scowling look, niggardliness; I.E.
[sqren&gcurly;o-], shrink; Eng. [shrink]; Gr.
krámbos
, blight.
sgràist
, a sluggard, Ir. [scraiste] (Lh.,
etc.):
sgrait
, a shred, rag:
sgràl
, a host, a large number of minute
things (Heb.); cf. [sgriothail].
sgrath
, outer skin or rind, turf (for
roofing, etc.), Ir. [sgraith], green sward, sod, [sgraithim], I pare
off the surface, W. [ysgraf], what pares off, [ysgrawen], hard crust;
cf. Norse [skrá], dry skin, scroll ([*skrava]), Sc. [scra], a divot
(Dumfries).
sgrathail
, destructive, Ir., [sgraiteamhuil]
(O'R.):
sgreab
, a scab, blotch, crust, Ir.
[sgreabóg], a crust; from Eng. [scrape]?
sgread
, a screech, cry, Ir. [sgread], M.Ir.
[scret]: [*skriddo-], W. [ysgri], root [skri], [skrei]; O.H.G.
[scrīan], cry, Ger. [schrei], Eng. [scream], [screech]; Lat.
[screô] (= [screjô]), a hawk.
sgreag
, dry, parch; from the Scandinavian -
Norwegian [skrekka], shrink, parch, Swed. [skraka], a great dry tree,
Eng. [shrink], [scraggy] (from Scandinavian).
sgreamh
, abhorence, disgust, Ir. [screamh]:
[*skrimo-], root [skri], [skrei]; Norse [skrœma], scare away,
Swed. [skräma], Dan. [skrœmme].
sgreamh
, thin scum or rind, ugly skin (M`A.);
root [sk&rdot;] of [sgar].
sgreang
, a wrinkle: [*skrengo-], I.E.
[sqren&gcurly;], shrink; Eng. [shrink] (Dr Cameron). See [sgraing].
sgreataidh
, disgusting, horrible:
[*skritto-], root [skri] of [sgreamh], q.v. Cf. N. [skrati], a
monster, "Old Scratch".
sgreubh
, dry up, crack by drought,
sgreath
(M`A., who has
sgreoth
,
parch as cloth); cf. Eng. [shrivel], from a Scandinavian source - base
[skriv-], O.Northumbrian [screpa], pine, Norwegian [skrypa], waste; or
Sc. [scrae], dry, withered person, old withered shoe, Norwegian
[skrae].
sgreuch
,
sgriach
, a
scream, screech, Ir. [sgréach], E.Ir. [screch]: [*skreikâ], root
[skrei], as in [sgread], q.v. Eng. [screech], [shriek] are from the
same root (not stem). W. [ysqrêch], seems borrowed from the Eng.
sgreunach
, shivering (Arran), boisterous (of
weather, Arg.): [*sqreng-no-]; see [sgraing].
sgriach
, a score, scratch (Dial.); cf.
[stríoch].
sgribhinn
, rocky side of a hill or shore
(Arm., M`A.); for [sgridhinn], from the Norse [skriða], pl. [skriðna],
a lnadslip on a hill-side. See [sgrìodan].
sgrid
, breath, last breath of life:
[*skriddi-], root [skri] of [sgread].
sgrìob
, a scratch, furrow, line, Ir.
[scríob], E.Ir. [scríb], mark, [scrípad], scratching; from Lat.
[scribo], write, draw lines, whence also Norse [skrifa], scratch,
write, W. [ysgrif], a notch.
sgrìobh
, write, Ir. [sgríobhaim], O.Ir.
[scríbaim], W. [ysgrifo], Br. [skriva], [skrifa]; from Lat. [scribo],
write.
sgrìodan
, a stony ravine on a mountain side,
track of a mountain torrent, a continuous run of stones on a mountain
side; from Norse [skriða], pl. [skriðna], a landslip on a hill-side,
[skríða], to glide, Ger. [shreiten], stride; Prov.English [screes],
sliding stones, Sc. [scriddan] (from the Gaelic).
sgrios
, destroy, Ir. [scriosaim], M.Ir.
[scrisaim]: [*skrissi-] for [*sk&rdot;-sti], root [skar] of [sgar], q.v.
sgriotachan
, a squalling infant; from
[scread].
sgrioth
, gravel (Islay),
sgriothail
, a lot of small items (Badenoch) (do.) as of
children (Wh.): [*skritu-], root [sker]; cf. Eng. [short], I.E.
[sk&rdot;dh], little, short.
sgròb
, scratch, Ir. [scrobaim]: [*skrobbo-],
from [skrob], scratch; Lat. [scrobis], a ditch, [scrōfa], a pig
("scratcher up"); Eng. [scrape]; Lettic [skrabt], scrape, Ch.Sl.
[skreb], scrape.
sgròban
, a bird's crop, Ir. [scrobán]; cf.
Eng. [crop], Ger. [kropf].
sgrobha
, a screw, so Ir.; from the Eng.
sgrog
, the head or side of the head (in
ridicule), a hat or bonnet; vb.
sgrog
, put on the
bonnet firmly, scrog; from the Sc. [scrog], [scrug], Eng. [shrug].
In the sense of "head" compare [sgruigean].
sgrog
,
sgrogag
, anything
shrivelled, a shrivelled old woman, old cow or ewe,
sgrog
, shrivel; from the Sc. [scrog], a stunted bush,
[sgroggy], stunted, Eng. [scraggy], Dan. [skrog], Swed. [skrokk],
anything shrunken, Norse [skrokkr].
sgroill
, a peeling or paring, anything torn
off; from Scandinavian - Dan. [skrael], peelings or parings of apples,
potatoes, Norse [skríll], a mob.
sgrub
, hesitate,
sgrubail
,
a hesitating, Ir. [scrub], hesitate, [sgrubalach], scrupulous; from
Eng. [scruple].
sgrùd
, examine, search, Ir. [scrúdaim], O.Ir.
[scrútaim]; from Lat. [scrûtor], Eng. [scrutiny].
sgruigean
, neck of a bottle, the neck (in
ridicule), Ir. [sgruigín], neck of a bottle, short-necked person; cf.
[sgrog].
sgruit
, an old shrivelled person, a thin
person, Ir. [sgruta], an old man, [sgrutach], lean, [sgrut], a
contemptible person; cf. Norse [skrudda], a shrivelled skin, old
scroll.
sgrùthan
(
sgrù'an
), a
shock of corn (Assynt); from Norse [skrúf], hay-cock.
sguab
, a broom or besom, Ir. [sguab], E.I.
[scúap, O.Ir. [scóptha], scopata, W. [ysgub], Br. [skuba]; from Lat.
[scôpa].
sguaigeis
, coquetry; cf. [guag].
sguainseach
, hussy, hoyden (Arg.); possibly
from Sc. [quean]: [*-quean-seach]; cf. [siùrsach].
sguan
, slur, scandal (Carm.):
sguch
, sprain, strain a joint: "spring"; cf.
E.Ir. [scuchim], I depart, root [skak], Lit. [szókti], jump, spring
(see [sgeun]).
sgud
, lop, snatch; cf. W. [ysgûth], scud,
whisk, Eng. [scud], Sc. [scoot], [squirt], etc. G. is borrowed.
sgùd
, a cluster:
sgùd
, a scout; from the Eng.
sgudal
, fish-guts, offal; cf. [cut].
sguga
, coarse clumsy person,
sgugach
, a soft boorish fellow; see [guga].
sguidilear
, a scullion; from the Sc.
[scudler], [scudle], cleanse.
sguids
, thrash, dress flax, Ir. [sguitsim];
from Eng. [scutch].
sgùillear
, rakish person (Glenmoriston):
sguir
, cease, stop, Ir. [sguirim], O.Ir.
[scorim], desist, unyoke: [*skoriô], root [sker], [skor], separate;
see [sgar].
sgùird
,
sgùirt
, the lap, a
smock, apron, Ir. [sguird]; from Eng. [skirt], Norse [skirta], a
shirt.
sguit
, the foot board in a boat:
sguit
, a wanderer (
scuìte
,
Shaw): Macpherson's [scuta], whence he derives [Scotti] - an invention
of his own?
sgùlan
, a large wicker basket; from
Scandinavian - Norse [skjóla], a bucket, Sc. [skeil], tub, [skull],
shallow basket of oval form. In Sutherland,
sgulag
means "a basket for holding the linen".
sgulanach
, flippant, evil tongued (Carm.):
sgùm
, scum, foam; from Norse [skúm], foam,
M.Eng. [scūm], now [scum], Ger. [schaum], foam.
sgùman
, a skirt, tawdry head-dress, corn
rick; from [sgùm], "skimmer"? [sguman] (Arran).
sgumrag
, a fire-shovel, a Cinderella:
sgùr
, scour, Ir. [sgúraim]; from the English.
sgùrr
, sharp hill; Heb. for [sgorr].
sì
, she, Ir., O.Ir. [sí]; see
i
.
sia
, six, Ir. [sé]; see [sè].
siab
, wipe, sweep along, puff away, Ir.
[sìobadh], blowing into drifts; [*sveibbo-], root [wveib], Eng.
[sweep]; Norse [sveipr], sweep, Eng. [sweep]. Also
siabh
, Hence
siaban
, sand drift,
sea-spray.
siabh
, a dish of stewed periwinkles (Heb.):
siabhas
, idle ceremony:
siabhrach
, a fairy,
sìobhrag
(Arran),
siobhrag
(Shaw),
sìbhreach
(M`A.), Ir. [siabhra], E.Ir. [siabrae],
[siabur], fairy, ghost, W. [hwyfar] in [Gwenhwyfar], [Guinevere] (?):
[*seibro-]:
siabunn
,
sìopunn
, soap,
Ir. [siabhainn] (fol.), W. [sebon]; from Lat. [sapo(n)], from Teut.
[saipô], whence Eng. [soap], Ger. [seife], Norse [sápa].
siach
, sprain, strain a joint:
siachair
, a pithless wretch; another form of
[sìochair].
siad
, a stink: [*seiddo-], blow; see [séid].
Cf. Eng. [shite].
siad
, sloth, Ir. [siadhail], sloth:
sian
, a scream, soft music (Carm.), Ir.
[sian], voice, shout, sound, E.Ir. [sian]: [*svêno-], which Stokes
([Zeit.]
28
59) explains as [*sesveno-], root
[sven], sound (see [seinn]).
sian
, a pile of grass, beard of barley, Ir.,
E.Ir. [sion], foxglove, W. [ffion], digitalis, [ffuon], foxglove,
O.W. [fionou], roses, Br. [foeonnenn], privet. Stokes gives the
Celtic as [*(p)êâno-]. Gadelic might be allied to Lat. [spîna],
thorn.
sian
, a charm; see [seun].
sian
, storm, rain, Ir. [síon], weather,
season, storm, O.Ir. [sín], tempestas, W. [hin], weather, M.Br.
[hynon], fair weather: [*sênâ]; root [sê] ([sêi]) as in [sìn], [sìor];
Norse [seinn], slow, late, M.H.G. [seine], slowly, Eng. [sith],
[since].
sianan
,
breac-shianain
,
freckles; from [sian], foxglove? See [seunan].
siar
, westward, aside, Ir. [siar], O.Ir.
[síar]; from [s-iar], see [iar], west, and [s-] under [suas].
siaranachadh
, languishing,
siarachd
, melancholy (Dial.); from [siar], "going
backwards"?
siasnadh
, wasting, dwining (Suth.):
siatag
, rheumatism; from Lat. [sciatica].
sibh
, you, ye, Ir. [sibh], O.Ir. [sib], [si],
W. [chwi], O.W. [hui], Cor. [why], Br. [c'houi]: [*sves], for [s-ves]
(Brug.; Stokes has [*svês]); Gr.
sf&wibre;ï
, you two, Got. [izvis] ([iz-vis]); the
[ves] is allied to Lat. [vos]. The form [sibh] is for [*svi-svi].
sic
, the prominence of the belly (H.S.D.),
peritoneum (M`A.):
sicear
, particle, grain (Carm.):
sicir
, wise, steady; from Sc. [sicker],
M.Eng. [siker], from Lat. [securus], now Eng. [sure]. W. [sicr] is
from M.Eng.
sìd
, weather, peasceful weather after storm,
tide: [*sizdi-], "settling", root [sed], sit? Ir. has [síde] in the
sense of "blast", from [séid]. Also [tìd], which suggests borrowing
from N. [tíð], tide, time, Eng. [tide].
sil
, drop, distil, Ir. [silim], perf.
[siblais], stillavit, Br. [sila], passez: [*sviliô]. Stokes gives the
root as [stil], Lat. [stillo], drop, Gr.
stílc
(do.). Hence
silt
, a
drop. Cf. Eng. [spill]; [*spild], destroy, spoil.
sile
, spittle, saliva, Ir. [seile], O.Ir.
[saile], W. [haliw], Br. [hal], [halo]: [*salivâ] (Stokes); Lat.
[saliva]. Stokes says that they appear to be borrowed from Lat.,
while Wharton thinks the Lat. is borrowed from Gaulish.
sìliche
, a lean, pithless creature: "seedy",
from [sìol]?
simid
, a mallet, beetle, Ir. [siomaide]:
similear
, a chimney, Ir. [seimileur],
[simnear], [simne]; from Eng., Sc. [chimley], Eng. [chimney].
simleag
, a silly woman; from the next word.>>
silpidh
, simple, Ir. [simplidhe], silly,
simple; from Lat. [simplex], whence Eng. [simple], W. [syml].
sin
, that, Ir., O.Ir. [sin], O.W. [hinn], W.
[hyn], [hwn], [hon], Corn. [hen], [hon] (fem.), Br. [hen], Gaul.
[sosin] (= [so-sin]); from root [so] ([sjo]), as in [-sa], [so], q.v.
sìn
, stretch, Ir., O.Ir. [sínim]: [*sêno-],
root [sê], mittere, let go; Lat. [sino], [situs]; Gr.
&ibcom;cmi
, send. Cf. [sìr] (from [*sêro-], long).
Allied is root [sêi], [sei], [si], mittere, Norse [síðr], long,
[seinn], slow, Lit. [seinyti], reach.
sine
, a teat, Ir., E.Ir. [sine], [triphne],
tree-teated: [*svenio-] for [*spenio-], root [spen] of Lit.
[spe@?nýs], udder teat, O.Pruss. [spenis], teat, Norse [speni], teat,
Du. [speen], udder, Sc. [spain], wean.
sineubhar
, gin, juniper tree (Suth.); Fr.
[geniêvre].
sinn
, we, us, Ir. [sinn], E.Ir. [sinn],
[sinne], O.Ir. [ni], [sni], [snisni], [sninni], W. [ni], [nyni], Cor.
[ny], [nyni], Br. [ni]: [*nes] (Brug.; Stokes gives [nês]), accusative
form, allied to Lat. [nôs], Skr. [nas], Gr.
nw/
. The
s
of [sni] is due
to analogy with the
s
of [sibh], or else
prothetic (cf. [is-sé], he is).
sinnsear
, ancestors, Ir. [sinnsear],
ancestors, an elder person, E.Ir. [sinser], elder, ancestor:
[*senistero-], a double comparative form (like Lat. [minister],
[magister]) from [sean], old, q.v.
sìnte
, plough traces, from [sìn].
sìnteag
, a skip, pace; from [sìn].
sìob
, drift as snow (M`A.); see [siab].
siobag
, a blast of the mouth, puff, Ir.
[siobóg]; cf. [siab].
sìoban
, foam on crest of waves; see [siaban].
sìobail
, fish, angle (M`A.),
sìoblach
, fishing:
siobhag
, a straw, candle wick:
sioblach
, a long streamer, long person
(M`A.); from [siab]?
sìobhalta
, civil, peaceful, Ir. [sibhealta],
from Ir. [síothamhuil], peaceable, E.Ir. [sídamail]. Borrowing from
Eng. [civil] has been suggested ([Celt.Mag.]
12
169).
sìochaint
, peace, Ir. [síocháin], peace,
[síothchánta], peaceful, [síodhchan], atonement, M.Ir. [sídchanta],
peaceful; from [síth].
sìochair
, a dwarf, fairy, M.Ir. [sidhcaire],
fairy host, [síthcuiraibh] (dat.pl.), E.Ir. [síthchaire]; from [síth],
fairy, and [cuire], host (Ger. [heer], army, Eng. [herald]).
sìoda
, silk, Ir. [síoda], E.Ir. [síta], W.
[sidan]; from L.Lat. [sêta], silk from Lat. [sêta], a bristle, hair;
whence Ag.S. [síde], silk, Eng. [satin].
sìogach
, pale, ill-coloured, Ir. [síogach],
streaked, ill-coloured, [síog], a streak, a shock of corn:
siogach
, greasy (M`A.), lazy (M`F.):
siogaid
, a starveling, lean person; from Lat.
[siccus]?
sìol
, seed, Ir. [síol], O.Ir. [síl], semen,
W. [hil]: [*sêlo-n], root [sê], sow; Lat. [sêmen]; Eng. [seed], Ger.
[saat]; Lit. [pa-se@?lýs], a sowing.
siola
, a gill; from the Eng.
siola
, a gill; from the Eng.
siola
, a wooden collar for a plough horse;
from Scandinavian - Swed. [sela], a wooden collar, Norse [seli],
harness, [sili], a strap, Sc. [sele], a wooden collar to tie cattle to
the stalls.
siola
, a syllable, Ir. [siolla], E.Ir.
[sillab]; from Lat. [syllaba], whence Eng. [syllable].
sìoladh
, straining, filtering, Ir.
[síolthughadh], E.Ir. [sithlad], W. [hidlo], [hidl], a filter; also
O.Ir. [síthal] = Lat. [situla], a bucket; from Lat. [situla] (Stokes
[Lismre]). G.
sìoladh
, also means "sibsiding", and
leans for its meaning, if not its origin, upon [sìth], peace.
sìolag
, a sand-eel:
siolc
, snatch, pilfer:
siolgach
, lazy, swarfish:
sioll
, a tun, rotation (M`A.), W. [chwyl];
see [seal]. Cf. Ir. [siolla], whiff, glint, syllable; root of [seal].
siolp
, slip away, skulk (Skye):
sìolta
, a teal, small wild duck; from Eng.
[teal]?
sìoman
, a rop of straw or hay; from the Norse
[sima], g.pl. [símna], a rope, cord, Sc. [simmonds], heather ropes
(Orkneyu), Teut. [*sîmon-], Ag.S. [síma], fetter, Shet. [simmen]; Gr.
&ibcom;monía
(
i
long),
well rope; I.E. [sîmon-], a bond, band, [seio-], bind.
siomlach
; see [seamlach].
sìon
, something, anything; also "weather",
for [sian], whence possibly this meaning of "anything" comes.
sionadh
, lord (M`Pherson's [Fingal]
1
, 341): if genuine, the root may be [sen], old; cf.
Lat. [senior], now Eng. [sir].
sionn
, phosphorescent, solus
sionn
, phosphorus, also
teine-sionnachain
. For root see next.>>
sionnach
, valve of bellows, pipe-reed,
pìob-shionnaich
, Irish bagpipe. From root [spend],
swing, play, Skr. [spand], move quickly. Gr.
sfedónc
, sling, Lat. [pendeo], hang, Eng.
[pendulum].
sionnach
, a fox, so Ir., E.Ir. [sinnach],
[sindach], O.Ir. [sinnchenae], vulpecula:
sionnsar
, bagpip chanter, Ir. [siunsoir];
from the Eng. [chanter].
siop
, despise; [cuir an siop], turn tail on
(Hend.); see [sèap].
sìopunn
, soap; see [siabunn].
sìor
, long, continual, Ir. [síor], O.Ir.
[sír], comparative [sía], W. [hir], compar. [hwy], Cor., Br. [hir]:
[*sêro-s]; Lat. [sêrus], late, Fr. [soir], evening, Eng. [soiree];
Skr. [sâyá], evening. See [sian], [sìn].
siorra
(M`A., M`E.),
siorraimh
,
siorram
(H.S.D.), a
sheriff,
siorrachd
,
siorramachd
,
county, Ir. [sirriamh], M.Ir. [sirriam]; from M.Eng. [shirreve], now
[sheriff], "shire-reeve". The Sc. is [shirra] usually.
siorradh
, a deviation, onset: [*sith-rad],
from [sith]?
sìorruidh
, eternal, Ir. [síorruidhe]; from
[*sír-rad], eternity, [sìor].
sìos
, down, Ir. [síos], O.Ir. [sís]: [*s-ís],
from [s-] (see [suas]) and [ís], or [ìos], q.v.
siosar
, a scissors, Ir. [siosur]; from the
Eng.
siota
, a blackguard, a pet; from Sc. [shit].
sir
, search, Ir. [sirim] ([sírim], Con.),
E.Ir. [sirim]: [*s(p)eri-], root [sper], foot it; Norse [spyrja], ask,
track, Sc. [spere], ask after, Ger. [spüren], trace, track, also
further Eng. [spur]; Lat. [sperno] (Eng. [spurn] allied), etc. The
vowel of [sir] is short (otherwise
Stokes' [Dict.], Rhys
[Manx Pray.]
2
71, who compares W. [chwilio].
siris
,
sirist
, a cherry,
Ir. [siris], W. [ceirios]; from M.Eng. [*cheris], from O.Fr. [cerise],
Lat. [cerasus], Gr.
kérasos
.
siteag
, a dunghill; from the Eng. Cf. N.
[saeti].
sith
, a stride, onset, a dart to, Ir.
[sidhe], gust, M.Ir. [sith], onset; cf. Ir. [sith-], intensive prefix
(O'Don. [Gr.] 277), [*setu-], [seti-], may be root [es],
etumós
(Bez.
21
123),
E.Ir. [sith], long, W. [hyd], to, as far as, O.W. [hit], longitudo,
usque ad, Br. [hed], length, during: [*seti], root [sê], as in [sìor],
long (Stokes). Cf. N. [síðr], long, Eng. [sith]; root [sit].
sìth
, peace, Ir. [síth], [síoth], E.Ir.
[síth], O.Ir. [síd]: [*sêdos] (neut.
s
stem),
root [sed] ([sêd]) of
suidhe
, q.v.; Lat. [sêdo],
settle; Lit. [se@?dáti], sit. W. [hedd], peace, is from
[s&ebreve;d].
sìth
, a fairy,
sìthich
(do.), Ir. [sídh], a fairy hill, [sígh], a fairy, [sígheóg] (do.),
O.Ir. [síde], dei terreni, whose dwelling is called [síd]; in fact,
[síde], the fairy powers, is the pl. (ge. s. ?) of [síd], fairy
dwelling or mound, while its gen. sing. appears in [mná síde], [fir
síde]: [*sêdos], g. [sêdesos], as in the case of [sìth], peace, which
is its homonym (Stokes); root [se], [sêd], Gr.
&ebcom;dos
, a temple or statue, literally an "abode"
or "seat"; Lat. [noven-sides], [noven-siles], the new gods imported to
Rome. Thurneysen has compared Lat. [sîdus], a constellation,
"dwelling of the gods". Hence
sìthean
, a green
knoll, fairy knoll.
sithionn
, venison, Ir. [sídh], and [sídheann]
(O'R.), M.Ir. [sieng], [sideng], deer, W. [hyddgig] (= "stag's
flesh"), from [hydd], stag, red deer: [*sedi-], deer; to which is to
be referred M.Ir. [segh] (= agh allaidh, O'Cl.), E.Ir. [ség] (= oss
allaidh, Corm.).
sitig
, the rafter of a kiln laid across, on
which the corn is dried:
sitinn
, roller for a boat:
sitir
,
sitrich
, neighing,
Ir. [sitreach]: cf. [séid], blow ([*svid-tri-]).
siubhal
, walking, so Ir., M.Ir. [siubal], for
[*siumal], W. [chwyf], motus, [chwyfu], move, stir, M.Br. [fifual],
now [finval], stir; root [svem], move; O.H.G., Ag.S. [swimman], Eng.
[swim]. Cf. W. [syflyd], move, stir.
siubhla
; see [luighe-siubhla].
siuc
, a word by which horses are called:
siucar
(
siùcar
, H.S.D.),
sugar, Ir. [siúcra], W. [sugr]; from M.Eng. [sugre], Fr. [sucre].
siùdadh
, swinging; from Sc. [showd], swing,
waddle, O.Sax. [skuddian], shake, O.Du. [schudden] (do.), Eng.
[shudder].
siug
, call to drive away hens; cf. Eng.
[shoo]!
siunas
, lovage plant; see [sunais].
sìup
, a tail, appendage; cf. [sèap].
siùrsach
, a whore; from the Eng., with the G.
fem. termination [-seach] (see [òinnseach]).
siuthad
, say away, begin, go on: [*seo-tu],
"here you", from [so] and [tu]? Cf. [trobhad], [thugad].
slabhag
, pith of a horn: Sc. [sluch]?
slabhagan
, a kind of reddish sea-weed, sloke,
Ir. [slabhacán]; from Eng. [sloke], Sc. [sloke], [slake].
slabhcar
, a slouching fellow (Suth.), a
taunter; from Norse [slókr], slouching fellow, whence Eng. [slouch].
slabhraidh
, a chain, Ir. [slabhra], O.Ir.
[slabrad]: [*slab-rad], from [slab], root [la&gcurly;], of Gr.
lambánw
, I take, catch, Eng. [latch].
slachd
, thrash, beat, Ir. [slacairim]; root
[slag], [sleg], or [s&ldot;g], E.Ir. [sligim], beat, strike, [slacc],
sword: [*slegô], beside I.E. [slak] as in Got. [slaha], strike, Ger.
[schlagen] (do.), Eng. [slay] (Stokes for [sligim]); further Lat.
[lacerare], lacerate, Gr.
lakízw
, tear
(Kluge). Hence
slachdan
, beetle, rod.
slad
, theft, Ir. [slad], M.Ir. [slat]:
[*sladdo-]. Stokes gives the Celtic as [*stlatt-], allied to Lat.
[stlâta] ([stlatta]), pirate ship, and Eng. [steal]. The modern forms
point to Gadelic [*sladdo-], for [*st&ldot;-ddo-], allied to Eng.
[steal]?
sladhag
, a sheaf of corn ready to be thrashed
(H.S.D.):
sladhaigeadh
, a kind of custard spread over
bread (M`D.):
slag
, a hollow (Lewis); N. [slakki], slope,
North Eng. [hollow].
slàib
, mire; see [làban]. Skeat refers Eng.
[slab], slime, but it is likely native (cf. [slop], etc.).
slaid
, a minificent gift:
slaightear
,
slaoightear
, a
rogue, Ir. [sloitire], rogue, [sloitireachd], roguery, M.Ir.
[sleteoracht], theft (O'Cl.); from [slad] (Ir. [sloit]), rob.
slaim
, great booty, a heap: from the Sc.
[slam], a share or possession acquired not rightly, [slammach], to
seize anything not entirely by fair means, Swed. [slama], heap
together.
slais
, lash; from the Eng.
slam
, a lock of hair or wool, Ir. [slám],
E.Ir. [slamm]: [*slags-men], Gr.
láhos
,
wool,
láhnc
, down (otherwise Prellwitz,
who refers Gr. to [*v&ldot;k-snâ], root [vel] of [ollann], q.v.
slaman
, curdled milk, Ir. [slamanna], clots,
flakes (O'Cl.), E.Ir. [slaimred] (na fola). Cf. [lommen], gulp.
slàn
, healthy, whole, Ir., O.Ir. [slán]:
[*s&ldotmacr;-no-] (Brug.), [*s@?lâno-s] (Stokes); Lat. [salvus] (=
[s&ldotmacr;-vo-], Brug.), safe, solidus, firm Eng. [solid]; Gr.
&obcom;los
, whole (=
sól
F
os
); Eng. [silly], originally meaning
"blessed", Ger. [selig], blessed; Skr. [sárvas], whole, all. W., Br.
[holl] is referred here by Stokes, etc., more immediately allied to
Lat. [sollus], whole, all.
slaod
, drag, trail, Ir. [slaodaim], draw
after, slide, [slaod], a raft, float, E.Ir. [sláet], a slide:
[*sloiddo-], Celtic root [sleid], [slid]; W. [litthro], Eng. [slide],
Ag.S. [slídan], Ger. [schlitten], slide, sledge (n.); Lit. [slidùs],
smooth, Gr.
&ocom;liscanw
, [*slid-d-].
Stokes explains the
d
of [slaod] as for [dd],
from [-dnó-]: [*slaidh-nó-].
slaop
, parboil,
slaopach
,
parboiled, slovenly, Ir. [slaopach], lukewarm (O'R.); also [slaopair],
a sloven, for which see next.>>
slapach
,
slàpach
,
slovenly, Ir. [slapach], slovenly, [slapar], a trail or train; from
Scandinavian - Norse [slápr], a good-for-nothing, [slaepa], vestis
promissa et laxa (Jamieson), [sloppr], Eng. [slop], Sc. [slaupie],
slovenly, Dutch [slap], slack], remiss, Ger. [schlaff].
slapraich
, din, noise; from Eng. [slap].
slat
, a rod, twig, Ir. [slat], M.Ir. [slat],
[slatt], W. [llath], [yslath], Br. [laz]: [*slattâ]; Eng. [lath] is
from W. M.Eng. [latte], Ag.S. [laetta], O.H.G. [latta], Ger. [latte]
are also Celtic borrows, Fr. [latte] (Thurneysen), but Kluge regards
them as cognate.
sleabhag
, mattock for digging up carrots,
etc. (Carm.); [sleidheag], kind of ladle (Lewis); cf. N. [sleif].
sleagh
, a spear, so Ir., E.Ir. [sleg]:
[*s&ldotmacr;gâ]; Skr. [s&rdot;j], hurl, sling.
sleamacair
, sly person (Lewis); cf. N.
[slaemr], bad.
sleamhan
, stye (Carm.):
sleamhuinn
, slippery, smooth, Ir.
[sleamhuin], O.Ir. [slemon], W. [llyfn], smooth, O.Br. [limn] (in
compounds): [*slib-no-s], root [slib], [sleib]; Norse [sleipr],
slippery, Eng. [slip], slippery; Gr.
&ocom;librós
,
librós
,
slippery. See [sliabh] also.
sléigeil
, dilatory,
sleugach
, drawling, slow, sly; also
leug
, laziness; from the Sc. [sleek]?
sléisneadh
, back-sliding (Heb.): [*sleið-s-],
root of [slaod] and Eng. [slide]?
sleuchd
, kneel, Ir. [sléachdain], O.Ir.
[sléchtaim]; frpom Lat. [flecto].
sliabh
, a moor, mountain, Ir. [sliabh],
mountain, O.Ir. [slíab]: [*sleibos], root [sleib], [slib], glide,
down, I.E. [slei&gcurly;o-]; Eng. [slope], from [slip], Norse
[sleipr], slippery; see [sleamhuinn]. W. [llwyf], platform, loft,
seems allied to G. [sliabh].
sliachdair
, spread any soft substance by
trampling, daub: [*sleikto-], [sleig], Norse [slíkr], smooth, Eng.
[sleek], Ger. [schlick], grease, the original idea being "greasy",
like soft mud. Cf. E.Ir. [sliachtad], smoothing, preening.
sliasaid
,
sliasad
(
sliaisd
, Dial.), thigh, Ir. [sliasad], O.Ir.
[sliassit], poples: a diphthongal form of the root of [slis], q.v.
slibist
, a sloven; cf. Ir. [sliobair], drag
along; from Eng. [slip], [sloven].
slige
, a scale of a balance, a shell, Ir.
[slige], a grisset, shell, O.Ir. [slice], lanx, ostrea: [*sleggio-],
root [sleg], for which cf. [slachd].
slighe
, a way, Ir. [slighe], E.Ir. [slige],
g. [sliged]: [*sleget-], root [sleg] of Ir. [sligim], I. strike ([ro
sligsetar], [ro selgatar rotu], they hewed out ways). See [slachd]
further.
slinn
, a weaver's sley or reed, Ir. [slinn],
a sley, M.Ir. [slind], pecten, also [slige], pecten, which suggests
for [slinn] a stem: [*sleg-s-ni-], [sleg] being the same root as that
of [slighe] and [slachd]. Cf. Eng. [sley] allied to [slay], smite.
Stokes refers both O.Ir. [slind], tile and weaver's sley, to the root
[splid], [splind], Eng. [split], [splint]. See [slinnean] and
[sliseag] further.
slinnean
, shoulder blade, shoulder, Ir.
[slinneán], M.Ir. [slindén]: cf. O.Ir. [slind], imbrex, tile, Ir.
[slinn], slate, tile, also E.Ir. [slind-gér], smooth-sharp,
slate-polished (?), [slinnd-glanait], whetstone-cleaned: [*slindi-],
root [slid], [sleid], smooth, glide, Eng. [slide], Lit. [slidùs],
smooth. Stokes refers [slind], imbrex, to the root [splid], [splind],
split, Eng. [split], [splint]; see [sliseag].
slìob
, stroke, rub, lick, Ir. [sliobhaim],
polish, M.Ir. [slipthe], whettened, [slibad], whetting, W. [yslipan],
burnish; from Norse or Ag.S. - Norse [slípa], whet, make sleek, Ag.S.
[slípan], slip, glide, M.L.Ger. [slípen], sharpen, M.Du. [slijpen],
polish, sharpen.
sliochd
, posterity, tribe, Ir. [sliochd],
M.Ir. [slicht], trace, track, O.Ir. [slict], vestigium: [*slektu-],
root [sleg] of [slighe] and [slachd]. For similar origin, cf. Ger.
[geschlecht], race, lineage.
slìogach
, sly, Ir. [slíogach], sleek,
fawning, [slígthech], sly; from Eng., Sc. [sleek], Norse [slíkr],
smooth; I.E. [slei&gcurly;], glide (see [sliabh]).
slìom
, sleek, slippery, slim, the buttercup
(Carm.), Ir. [slíomaim] flatter, smooth, gloss over; from Eng. [slim],
sly, crafty, slender, now "slim", Sc. [slim], naughty, [slim o'er],
gloss over, O.Du. [slim], awry, crafty, Ger. [schlimm], bad, cunning.
Hence G.
slìomaire
, weakling, craven.
sliop
, a lip, blubber lip; from Eng. [lip].
slios
, the side of a man or beast, flank, Ir.
[slios], O.Ir. [sliss], pl. [slessa], W. [ystlis]: [*stlisti-], root
[stel], extend, Lat. [stlâtus], [lâtus], wide, Ch.Sl. [stelja],
spread.
slis
,
sliseag
, a chip, Ir.
[slis], [sliseóg], E.Ir. [sliss]: [*slissi-], from [*splid-s-ti], root
[splid]. Eng. [split], [splice], [splint], Ger. [spleissen], etc.
Eng. [slice] has been compared, Eng. [slit], root [slid], which could
also produce the Gadelic forms.
slisneach
, a plant like the [slan-lus]
(Carm.):
sloc
, a pit, slough, Ir. [sloc]: [*slukko-],
for [*slug-ko-], root [slug], swallow, as in [slug], q.v. Skeat
derives hence Ag.S. [slóh], Eng. [slough]. Ger. [schlucht], hollow,
ravine, is referred by Kluge to the root [slup], lubricus.
slod
, a puddle, Ir. [slod]; see [lod].
slòcan
, sloke; from the Sc. or Eng. [sloke].
sloinn
, surname, Ir. [sloinnim], I. name,
O.Ir. [slondim], name, significo, [slond], significatio, O.W.
[islinnit], profatur, M.W. [cy-stlwn], family and clan name, W.
[ystlyned], kindred, [ystlen], sex: [*stlondo-], [*stlondiô], I speak,
name.
sloisir
, dash, beat against sea-like, daub;
from Sc. [slaister], bedaub, a wet liquid mass, to move clumsily
through a miry road, also [slestir] (Badenoch Dial.
sleastair
, bedaub).
sluagh
, people, Ir. [sluagh], O.Ir. [sluag],
[slóg], W. [llu], Corn. [lu], Gaul. [slôgi], in [Catu-slogi]:
[*slougo-s], cf. Slav. [sluga], a servant, Lit. [slauginti].
sluaisreadh
, act of mixing (lime, etc.) with
a shovel; see next word.>> Cf. Eng. [slubber].
sluasaid
, a shovel, Ir. [sluasad], a paddle,
a shovel:
slug
, swallow,
slugadh
(inf.), Ir. [slugaim], E.Ir. [slucim], [slocim]: [*sluggô], root
[slug], [lug], swallow; Ger. [schlucken], to swallow, M.H.G.
[slucken]: Gr.
lúzw
,
luggaínw
, have the hiccup. W. [llwnc], gullet,
a gulp, [llyncu], to swallow, O.Br. [ro-luncas], guturicavit, m.Br.
[lloncaff] are allied to E.Ir. [longad], now [longadh], eating, which
is a nasalised form of the root [slug], [lug].
smachd
, authority, correction, Ir. [smachd],
O.Ir. [smacht], M.Ir. [smachtaigim], I enjoin, [smacht], fine for
breaking the law: [*smaktu-], from [s-mag], root [mag], I.E. [magh],
be strong; Eng. [may], Got. [magan], be able; Gr.
m&cibre;hos
, means (see [mac]).
smad
, a particle, jot: "spot, stain" (see
[smod]). From Sc. [smad], [smot], a stain, Eng. [smut]. Ir. has
[smadán], soot, smut. Cf. also M.Ir. [smot], a scrap, Ir. [smotán],
a block, W. [ysmot], patch, spot.
smàd
, threaten, intimidate, boast:
smàg
,
smòg
, a paw; see
[smòg].
smal
, dust, spot, blemish, Ir. [smál],
[smól]; root [smal], [mal] ([smel], [mel]), Lit. [smálkas], dust,
[sme@?lynas], sand field, [smelalis], sand, Lettic [smelis], water
sand, Got. [málma], sand, Norse [melr], sand hill, Eng. [mole].
slàl
, snuff a candle, Ir. [smál], embers,
snuff of candle; cf. the above word.>>
smalag
, the young saith or cuddie:
smaoin
, think; see [smuain].
smarach
, a lad, a growing youth (Badenoch);
root [smar], from [mar], [mer], Gr.
me&iibre;raz
, boy, Skr. [maryakás], a mannie,
[máryas], young man, Lit. [marti], bride; also W. [morwyn], girl,
[merch],
daughter, Br. [merc'h]. Cf. Aran Ir.
[marlach], child of two to five years, either sex.
smarag
, an emerald, Ir. [smaragaid]; from
Lat. [smaragdus], whence through Fr. comes Eng. [emerald].
smeachan
, the chin, Ir. [smeach], [smeachan],
E.Ir. [smech]: [*smekâ]; Lit. [smakrà], Lettic [smakrs], chin, palate;
Skr. [&ldot;maçru], moustache.
smeadairneach
, a slumber, slight sleep:
smeallach
,
smealach
,
remains, offals, dainties:
smèid
, beckon, nod, Ir. [sméidim], beckon,
nod, hiss: [*smeiddi-], root [smeid], smile, Gr.
meidáw
, smile, Pruss. [smaida], a smile, Eng.
[smile]. W. [amneidio], beckon, nod, O.W. [enmeituou], nutus, O.Br.
[enmetiam], innuo, do not agree in vowel with Gadelic.
smeileach
, pale, ghastly,
smeilean
, a pale, puny person; cf. [meileach].
smeòirn
, the end of an arrow next the
bowstring,
smeorine
, back end of arrow head (Wh.),
Ir. [smeirne], a spit, broach (Sh., O'R.):
smeórach
, a thrush, Ir. [smólach], [smól],
M.Ir. [smolach]; W. [mwyalch], blackbird, Corn. [moelh], Br.
[moualch]: [*smugal-], [*smugl-], from [mug] (see [mùch])? Stokes
derives W. [mwyalch], blackbird, from [*meisalko-], Ger. [meise], Eng.
[tit-mouse].
smeur
,
smiar
, anoint,
smear, Ir. [sméaraim], grease, smear; from the Eng. For root see
[smior].
smeur
,
smiar
, a bramble
berry, Ir. [smeur], E.Ir. [smér], W. [mwyaren], Br. [mouar] (pl.):
-KPD: Ir. [sméara dubha], "black smears"?
smeuraich
, grope; from [meur].
smid
, a syllable, opening of the mouth, a
word, Ir. [smid]: [*smiddi-], root [smid], [smeid], smile, laugh, as
in [sméid]?
smig
, the chin, Ir. [smig], M.Ir. [smeice]
(O'C.): [*smeggi-], for [*smek-gi], root [smek], as in [smeachan]?
smigeadh
, a smile, smiling, Ir. [smig],
[smigeadh]: [*sm&ibreve;ggi], root [smi], smile, for which see
[smèid]. Also [mìog], q.v.
smiodan
, spirit; from Sc. [smeddum].
smiolamus
, refuse of a feast (M'A.); see
[smolamas].
smior
,
smear
, marrow, Ir.
[smior], E.Ir. [smir], g. [smera], W. [mer]: [*smeru-]; O.H.G.
[smero], grease, Ag.S. [smeoru], lard, Eng. [smear], Norse
[smj&obreve;rr], butter.
smiot
, throw in the air with one hand and
strike with the other; formed on Eng. [smite].
smiotach
, crop-eared, short-chinned (R.D.),
Ir. [smiot], ear:
smiùr
, smear; from the Sc. [smear], Eng.
[smear]. See [smeur].
smod
, dirt, dust, also (according to M`A.)
drizzling raid; from Sc. [smot], Eng. [smut]. See [smad].
smodal
, sweepings, crumbs, fragments,
smattering, M.Ir. [smot], a scrap; cf. above word.>>
smòg
,
smàg
, a paw; cf.
Norse [smjùga], creep through a hole, Ag.S. [smúgan], creep, Eng.
[smuggle]. For
smàg
, see also [màg].
smolamas
, trash, fragments of victuals; cf.
[strolamas], [brolamas].
smuain
, a thought, Ir. [smuaineadh], M.Ir.
[smuained]: [*smoudn-], root [smoud], [moud]; Got. [gamaudjan],
remind, cause to remember; Ch.Sl. [mysl&ibreve;-], thought (Strachan).
Cf. M.Ir. [muaidnig], thought.
smuairean
, grief, dejection: [*smoudro-],
root [smoud] of above?
smuais
, marrow, juice of the bones, Ir.
[smuais], marrow, E.Ir. [smuas]:
smuais
, smash, Ir. [smuais], in shivers, in
pieces; from Eng. [smash].
smùc
, a snivel, a nasal sound (
smùch
, M`A.); for root, see [smug] ([s-mûc-c]).
smùcan
, smoke, drizzle; from Eng. [smoke].
smùdan
, a particle of dust; see [smod].
smùdan
, a small block of wood, Ir. [smotan],
stock, block, log:
smùdan
, smoke; see [smùid].
smug
, snot, spittle,
smugaid
, spittle, Ir. [smug], [smugaid]: [*smuggo-],
root [smug], [mug], mucus; Lat. [emungo], wipe the nose. The root
[mu&gcurly;] is a by-form of [muq], mucus, seen in Lat. [mucus], etc.;
for which see [muc].
smùid
, smoke, Ir. [smúid], E.Ir. [smúit],
[smútgur], [smútcheo]: [*smúddi-], root [smud]. Cf. Eng. [smut], Ger.
[schmutz], dirt; which Zem. thinks the Gadelic borrowed from, though
the meaning makes this unlikely. There are three allied roots on
European ground denoting "smoke" -- [smûgh] (Gr.
smū/hw
, smoulder), [smúg], or [smaug] (Eng.
[smoke]) and [smûd] (G. [smùid]).
smuig
, a snout, the face (in ridicule): from
the Eng. [mug], ugly face.
smuilc
, glumness, dejection; M.Ir.
[smuilcín], a small snout: "snoutyness".
smùrach
, dross, peat dross,
smùir
, dust, a particle of dust,
smùirnean
, a mote; cf. Sc. [smurach], peat dross,
[smore], [smurr], a drizzling rain, M.Eng. [smóre], dense smoke, Eng.
[smother] (= [smorther]), O.Du. [smoor]. O'R. has [smur] from Sh.,
and K.Meyer translates M.Ir. [smur-chimilt] as "grind to dust".
smùsach
, extracting the juice from (Suth.):
smut
, a bill, snout, Ir. [smut], a large flat
nose, snout:
snag
, a little audible knock, a wood pecker
(
snagan-daraich
), Ir. [snag], hiccup; cf. Eng.
[snock], a knock, and the next word.>> Ir. [snag], [snagardarach],
[snaghairdara], a wood pecker, seems from [snaidh].
snagaireachd
, cutting or hacking wood with a
knife; from Dial.Eng. [snagger], a tool for [snagging] or cutting off
[snags], that is branches, knots, etc., Sc. [snagger-snee], a large
knife, snicker-snee, [sneg], [snag], cut off branches.
snagarra
, active; from the above roots; cf.
[snasmhor].
snaidh
, hew, chip, shape, Ir. [snoighim],
[snaidhim] (O'D.), E.Ir. [snaidim], [snaisi], peeled, W. [naddu],
hew, chip, cut. O.Cor. [nedim], ascia (W. [neddyf], [neddai], adze,
Br. [eze], [neze]), M.Br. [ezeff]: [*snadô]; Ger. [schnat], border,
[schnate], a young twig, Swiss [schnätzen], cut, Swab. [schnatte], an
incision in wood or flesh (Bez. apud Stokes). Strachan suggests the
root [sknad], Gr.
knadállw
, scratch,
knwdw/nn
, tooth (see [cnàmh]). Hence
snas
, regularity.
snàig
, creep; from Sc. [snaik], sneak in
walking, etc., [snaikin], sneaking, Eng. [sneak], [snake]. Cf. Ir.
[snaighim], I creep.
snaim
, a knot, Ir. [snaidhm], E.Ir. [snaidm],
d. [snaidmaimm], [naidm], bond, nexus: [*nadesmen], root [ned], bind,
I.E. [nedh]; Skr. [nah], tie, [naddha-s], tied; Ger. [nestel], lace,
O.H.G. [nestila], a band; Lat. [nôdus], for [noz-dos], a knot. See
[nasg].
snàmh
, swim, Ir. [snámhaim], E.Ir. [snám]
(inf.), [ro snó], swam, W. [nawf], natatio, [nofio] (vb.), M.Br.
[neuff], Br. [neunv]: [*snâmu], (n.), [snâô], I swim; Lat. [no],
[nâre]; Gr. @[náw], flow; Skr. [snâti], bathe, float.
snaodh
, head, chief; [ceann-snaodh], head
chief (Carm.):
snaois
, a slice, piece; cf. E.Ir. [snaisse],
cut, caesus, from [snaidh].
snaoisean
, snuff, Ir. [snaoisín], [snísín];
from Eng. [sneezing] in [sneesing powder], the old name for snuff, Sc.
[sneeshin], [sneezin].
snaomanach
, a strong, robust fellow, Ir.
[snaománach], stout, jolly fellow, hearty: "knotty", from [*snadm-] of
[snaim]?
snaoidh
, a bier, Ir. [snaoi]:
snap
, the trigger of a gun; from the English
[snap].
snas
, regularity, elegance, Ir. [snas]: "goot
cut", from [snad] of [snaidh]; E.Ir. [snass], a cut.
snàth
, thread, Ir. [snáth], O.Ir. [snáthe],
W. [ysnoden], lace, fillet, [noden], thread, Corn. [noden], [snod],
vitta, Br. [neudenn]: [*snâtio-], [*snâto-n], root [snâ], [snê], wind,
spin; Skr. [snâyu], sinew, bow-string; Gr.
e&ucom;/nnctos
, well-spun; Ger. [schnur], lace, tie.
See the allied
snìomh
and the next word below.>>
snàthad
, a needle, Ir. [snáthad], O.Ir.
[snáthat], W. [nodwydd], O.Corn. [notuid], Br. [nadoz], [nadoez]:
[*snatantâ], [snâteijâ], from [snât] of [snàth] above; cf. Eng.
[needle], Got. [nêþla], O.H.G. [nâdala], Ger. [nadel].
sneachd
, snow, so Ir., O.Ir. [snechta], pl.
[snechti], nives, W. [nyf]: [*sniqtaio-], [*snibi-] (Welsh), I.E.
[sni&gcurly;h], [snei&gcurly;h]; Got. [snaiws],
Eng.
[snow], Ger. [schnee]; Lat. [nix], [nivis]; Gr.
nífa
(acc.),
nífei
,
it snows; Lit. [sniñga] (vb.), [snë/gas], snow; Zend. [çnizh].
sneadh
, a nit, Ir. [sneagh], O.Ir. [sned], W.
[nedd], nits, Corn., [nedhan], Br. [nezenn]: [*sknidâ]; Ag.S. [hnitu],
Eng. [nit], Ger. [niss]; Gr.
kónides
,
nits.
snicean
, a stitch of clothing (Arg.):
snigh
, drop, fall in drops, ooze through in
drops, Ir. [snidhim], E.Ir. [snigim], W. [di-nëu], effundere, Br.
[di-nou], melt, thaw, I.E. [snei&gcurly;ho-], wet; Skr. [snih],
[snéhati], to be humid. Allied to [sneachd].
snìomh
, spin, wind, twist, Ir. [sníomhaim],
M.Ir. [snímaire], a spindle. [sním], spinning: [*snêmu-], root,
[snê], [nê]; Gr.
n&cibre;ma
, yarn. See
[snàth] further. W. has [nyddu], nere, Corn. [nethe], Br. [nezaff].
In the sense of "sadness", there is E.Ir. [sním], distress, Br.
[niff], chagrin.
snòd
, affix a fishing hook to the line, Manx
[snooid]; from Sc. [snood], the hair line to which the hook is
attached, a fillet, Ag.S. [snód], fillet, Eng. [snood].
snodan
, rapid motion of a boat.
snodha
,
snodha gàire
, a
smile; see [snuadh].
snodhach
, sap of a tree; root [snu], flow,
Ir. [snuadh], a stream, Gr.
néw
, swim,
Eng. [snot], Norse [snúa], turn, Got. [sniwan], go.
snoigeas
, testiness; from Sc. [snog], [snag],
snarl, flout.
snot
, smell, snuff the wind, turn up the nose
in smelling; founded on Eng. [snout].
snuadh
, hue, appearance, beauty, Ir.
[snuadh], M.Ir. [snúad]; root [snu], flow, as in E.Ir. [snuad], hair,
head of hair, Ir. [snuadh], stream (see [snodhach]).
so
, here, this, Ir. [so], E.Ir., P.Ir. [seo],
[so]: [*sjo-] (beside [*so], as in [-sa], [-se]), Skr. [syá], [sá],
the, this, Ger. [sie], she, they, O.H.G. [siu], she (= Skr.
[syā/], G.
sì
).
so-
, a prefix denoting good quality, Ir.
[só-], O.Ir. [so-], [su-], W. [hy], Br. [he-]; Skr. [su-], good, Zend.
[hu-].
sòbhaidh
,
sò'aidh
, turn,
prevent, O.Ir. [sóim], inf. [sood], root [sov], discussed under
[iompaidh].
sobhrach
,
sòbhrach
,
(M`L.), primrose, Ir. [sobhróg] (Fol.), [somharcin] (O'B.), [sóbhrach]
(O'R.), E.Ir. [sobrach], g. [sobarche]:
soc
, forepart of anything, ploughshare,
snout, Ir. [soc], E.Ir. [socc], W. [swch] (f.), Cor. [soch], Br.
[soc'h], [souc'h] (m.): [*succo-], snout, pig's snout, [*sukku-], a
pig, W. [hwch], Cor. [hoch], Br. [houc'h] (Ag.S. [sugu], Eng. [sow],
Lat. [sûs], etc.). So Thurneysen ([Rom.], 112), who clinches his
argument by E.Ir. [corr] being both "crane" and "beak". Fr. [soc],
ploughshare, Eng. [sock] are from Celtic. Stokes suggests the
possibility of Celtic being
from Med.Lat. [soccus],
vomer, or allied to O.H.G. [seh], vomer, Lat. [secare].
socair
, ease, easy, Ir. [socair], easy,
secure, M.Ir. [soccair]; opposite is
deacair
, O.Ir.
[seccair]: [*di-acair], [*so-acair], from [*acar], convenience, root
[cor], place, as in [cuir]. Hence [acarach].
sochair
, a benefit, emolument, Ir. [sochar],
emolument, wealth, ease, M.Ir. [sochor], good contract ([Sench. Mór]);
from [so-] and [cor], q.v.
sochar
, silliness, a yielding disposition,
socharach
, simple, compliant, Ir. [socharach],
obliging, easy, W. [hygar], amiable, Br. [hegar], benignus; from [so-]
and [càr], dear. The Ir. is also from [sochar], ease.
sochd
, silence, Ir. [sochd] (O'R., Sh.),
M.Ir. [socht]: [*sop-tu-], root [svop] of [suain] (Dr Cameron).
sod
, noise of boiling water, steam of water
in which meat is boiled, boiled meat, Ir. [sod], boiled meat (O'B.);
from Norse [soð], broth or water in which meat has been boiled, Eng.
[sodden], [seethe], sod], Sc. [sotter], boil slowly, [sottle], noise
of boiling porridge, etc.
sod
, an awkward person, a stout person; from
Sc. [sod], a heavy person, [sodick], [soudie], a clumsy heavy woman.
sodag
, a pillion, clout; from Sc. [sodds], a
saddle made of cloth.
sodal
, pride, flattery, Ir. [sodal], [sotal],
[sutal], O.Ir. [sotla], pride, insolence, [sotli], animositates; this
has been adduced as the source of Eng. [sot], Fr. [sot]. According to
Stokes [*sput-tlo-], W. [ffothyll], pustula, Lat. [pustula], Skr.
[phutkar], puff (Stokes).
sodan
, caressing, joy, joyous reception:
sodar
, trotting, a trotting horse (Sh., Lh.,
etc.), Ir. [sodar], trotting:
sog
,
sogan
, mirth, good
humour, tipsiness; from [*sugg], a short form of the root of
[sùgradh].
sògh
, luxury, riot, Ir. [sógh], M.Ir. [sodh],
E.Ir. [suaig], prosperous: [*su-ag-], root [ag] of [aghaidh], [àgh].
soidealta
, bashful, ignorant; see
[saidealta].
soidean
, a jolly-looking or stout person; see
[sod].
soighne
,
soighneas
,
pleasure, delight, Ir. [sóighneas]: [so-gne-], root [gen].
soileas
, officiousness, flattery, Ir.
[soilíos]; from Lat. [sollicitus]?
soilgheas
, wind, a fair wind:
soilleir
, clear, visible, Ir. [soilléir]:
from [so-] and [léir]. The [ll] is due to the analogy of [soillse].
soillse
, brightness, so Ir., O.ir. [soillse],
[soilse]: [*svelnestio-]; see [solus] for connections.
soimeach
, prosperous, easy, easy
circumstanced, good-natured, seems to combine O.Ir. [somme], dives,
and O.Ir. [soinmech],
lucky, good, Ir. [soinmheach],
fortunate, happy. The former Stokes derives from [so-imbi-s], for
which see [iomadh]; the latter is [so-nem-ech], root [nem], under
[nèamh]. M.Ir. [somenmnach], good-spirited, is from [meanmna].
soin
, esteem (n.),
soineil
, handsome; cf. [sònraich] for the root.
soinionn
,
soineann
, fair
weather, Ir. [soinean], M.Ir. [soinend], E.Ir. [sonend]; the opposite
of [soinionn] is [doinionn], for [su-sîn-enn], [du-sîn-enn], from
[sín], now [sian], weather, rain (Stokes).
soir
, the east, Ir. [soir], E.Ir. [sair];
from [s-] (see [suas]) and [air] (= [*are]), on, q.v.
soir
, sack, vessel, bottle; cf. [searrag].
soirbh
, easy, gentle,
soirbheas
, success, wind, flatulence (Arg.), Ir.
[soirbh], O.Ir. [soirb], facilis, opposed to [doirb], difficilis, root
[reb], or [rib], manare (Ascoli). But compare Gaelic [reabh].
sois
, snug, fond of ease (M`A.); from Sc.
[sosh], snug, social.
sòise
, a ball of fire in the sky, a portent
(M`A.):
soisgeul
, gospel, Ir. [soisgéal], [soisgeul],
O.Ir. [soscéle]; from [so-] and [sgeul].
soisinn
, taste, decency, rest, stillness;
from Sc. [sonsy]?
soitheach
, a vessel, Ir. [soitheach], M.Ir.
[soithech], [saithech]: [*satiko-]:
soitheamh
, tame, docile, gentle: [*so-seimh],
from [sèimh]? So Munro, who writes [soisheamh].
sol
, ere, before, Ir., E.Ir. [sul]; root
[svel] of [seal].
sòlach
, highly delighted (M`A.;
sollach
, jolly, Arms.); founded on [sòlas]. Arm.'s
word seems from Eng. [jolly].
solar
, a provision, purveying, preparing, Ir.
[soláthar]; from [so-] and [làthair].
sòlas
, joy, comfort, solace, Ir. [sólas];
from Lat. [sôlatium], Eng. [solace].
sollain
, a welcome, rejoicing, Ir.
[sollamhuin], a solemnity, feast, rejoicing, E.Ir. [sollamain]; from
Lat. [sollemne], Eng. [solemnity].
solus
, light, Ir., M.Ir. [solus], E.Ir.
[solus], bright: [*sv&ldot;nestu-], root [svel]; Ag.S. [svelan], glow,
Eng. [sultry]; Gr.
sélas
, light,
selc/nc
, moon,
&ebcom;lánc
, torch; Skr. [svar], sheen, sun.
somalta
, bulky, large, placid; from M.Ir.
[soma], abundance, with adj. terminations [-ail] and [ta]. See
[soimeach] further.
somh
, convert, upset (Carm.); cf. Ir. [sóm].
son
, sake, cause,
air son
,
on account of, Ir. [son], [ar son], M.Ir. [son], [er son]; from E.Ir.
[son], word (root [sven] of [seinn])?
sona
, happy, ir., E.Ir. [sona], opposite of
[dona]: [*so-gná-vo-s], "well-doing"; root [gna] of [gnìomh].
sonn
, a stout man, hero; from [sonn], club,
staff, M.Ir. [suinn catha], captains, "staves of battle". Cf. N.
[stafn-buar], the [stem] men, or picked marines on the forecastle.
Cf. [Tàillear dubh na tuaighe] was "ursainn chatha nan Camshronach".
See [sonn].
sonn
, a staff, cudgel, beam, Ir., E.Ir.
[sonn], W. [ffon], O.W. [fonn]: [*spondo-], Gr.
sfendónc
, a sling,
sfedanós
, vehement; Skr. [spand], draw, move;
Lat. [pendo], hang (Rhys). Stokes gives the stem [*spundo], allied to
Norse [spjót], a lance, O.H.G. [spioz], spit, spear. Cf. M.Lat.
[spnda], trabecula, repagulum.
sònraich
, appoint, ordain, Ir. [sonraighim],
[sonrach], special, E.Ir. [sunnraid], O.Ir. [sainriud], especially,
[sainred], proprietas, [sain], singularis, proprius, O.W. [han],
alium: [*sani-], especially; Got. [sundrô], privately, Eng. [sunder];
Lat. [sine], without; Skr. [sanutár], without.
sop
, a wisp, Ir. [sop], E.Ir. [sopp], W.
[sob], [sopen]; from Eng. [sop], Norse [soppa]. Zimmer takes the Ir.
from Norse [svöppr], sponge, ball; Stokes derives it from Norse
[sópr], besom. the W. [sob], [sopen] favours and Eng. [source].
sòr
, hesitate, grudge, shun:
soraidh
, a farewell, blessing, Ir. [soraidh],
happy, successful, M.Ir. [soraid], E.Ir. [soreid]; from [so-] and
[réidh]. ++
sorcha
, light, bright, Ir., E.Ir.
[sorcha]; opposite of [dorch], q.v
sorchan
, rest or support, foot-stool, light
stand, peer-man; from [sorcha].
sòrn
, a flue, vent, Ir. [sórn], E.Ir.
[sornn], W. [ffwrn], Corn. [forn]; from Lat. [furnus], oven, whence
Eng. [furnace].
sos
, a coarse mess or mixture; from Sc.
[soss].
spad
, kill, fell, Ir. [spaidim], benumb,
[spaid], [spad], a clod (cf. [spairt]), a sluggard, eunuch; cf. W.
[ysbaddu], exhaust, geld, from Lat. [spado], eunuch. Hence
spadanta
, benumbed.
spad-
, flat, Ir. [spad-]; from [*spad] of
[spaid], spade?
spadag
, a quarter or limb of an animal cut
off; from L.Lat. [spatula], a shoulder blade, [spatula prcina], leg
of pork, also [spadula], a shoulder, [spadlaris], a quarter of a
beast. Cf. W. [yspaud], shoulder.
spadair
, fop, braggart; cf. Norse [spjátra],
behave as a fop. See [spaideil].
spadal
, a paddle, plough-staff, so Ir.; from
M.Eng. [spaddle], paddle, dim. of [spade].
spadhadh
, a strong and quick pull, the utmost
extent of the outstretched arms, the grass cut by one scythe-stroke,
[spadh], a scyth's stroke (Bad.); from Lat. [spatium]. Meyer objects.
If Stokes' theory were right [spadh] could be from root [spa], pull,
span. Cf. Eng. [swath].
spàg
, a claw or paw, limb of an animal,
club-foot,
spàgach
, club-footed or awkward in the
legs, Ir. [spág], claw, club-foot, clumsy leg, W. [ysbach], a claw;
[spàga-da-ghlid], a buffoon, tomfool (Wh.):
spagach
, uttering words indistinctly,
spagadh
, obliquity of the mouth,
spaig
, a wry mouth:
spagluinn
, ostentation, conceit:
spaid
, a spade, Ir. [spád]; from the Eng.
spaideil
, foppish, well-dressed: "strutting",
from Lat. [spatior], as in [spaisdear] below? Cf., however,
[spadair].
spailp
, pride, conceit,
spailpean
, fop, Ir. [spailp], [spailpín], rascal, mean
fellow, "spalpeen":
spàin
, a spoon, Manx [spain]; from norse
[spánn], [spónn], spoon, chip, M.Eng. [sp@-n], Ag.S. [spón], chip.
Ir. [spúnóg], spoon, is from the Eng.
spàirn
, an effort, struggle, Ir. [spáirn],
[sbáirn], wrestling, struggling; from the Norse [sporna], kick with
the feet, struggle, [sperna], kick, spurn, Eng. [spurn]. Hennessey
derived it from Eng. [sparring] ([Athenœum], 15/8/71).
spairiseach
, foppish,
spairis
, having the hands in the trousers' pockets
(M`A.); founded on Sc. [spare], opening of the fore part of the
breeches.
spairt
, a turf, clod, a splash, Ir. [spairt];
verb
spairt
, daub, plaster, splash, brain, Ir.
[spairtim]: cf. N. [sparða], pole-axe, whence M.Eng. [spert] or
[spart].
spaisdear
,
spaidsear
, a
saunterer,
spaisdeireachd
, sauntering, Ir.
[spaisdeóireachd], promenading, walking; Norse [spázera], walk, Dan.
[spadsere], Ger. [spazieren], from Ital. (13th Cent.), [spaziare]: all
from Lat. [spatior], walk, promenade.
spàl
, a shuttle, Ir. [spól]; from Norse
[spóla], a weaver's shuttle, M.Eng. [spōle], now [spool], Ger.
[spule], bobbin, spool. Hence [spàlag], pea pod.
spang
, thin plate of metal, spangle; from
Norse [sp&ocom;ng], g. [spangar], a spangle, M.Eng. [spang], now
[spangle], Ag.S. [spange], a clasp, Ger. [spange], buckle.
spann
, sever, divide, wean (a child); from
Sc. [spain], [spane], wean, prevent, confused with M.Eng. [spannen],
stretch, span.
spann
, a hinge, hasp; from the Eng. [spang],
a spangle, Ag.S. [spang], a hasp; or Ag.S. [spannan], to clasp, Norse
[spenna], [spennir], grasper, Sc. [spenn], to button.
spaoill
,
speill
, wrap,
swathe: [*svil], [*sveil], as in [till], etc.
spàrdan
, a roost, from [spàrr].
spàrr
, a joist, beam, roost, Ir. [sparra],
wedge, spear, E.Ir. [sparr], a beam, joist; from Norse [sparri], a
spar, Swed., Dan. [sparre], O.H.G. [sparro], bar, balk, Ger.
[sperren], a spar, Eng. [spar]. Hence G.
spàrr
,
drive as a nail or sedge, thrust, Ir. [sparraim]; G.
sparrag
, a bridgle bit, "little bar".
spathalt
, a limb, a clumsy libm; cf. [spoll].
sparsan
, the dew-lap of a beast, Ir.
[sparsan] (Lh., O'B); see [spursan].
speach
, a wasp,
connspeach
, for
conas-beach
,
"wrangling or dog bee", from [beach], bee? The Ir. for "wasp" is
[eircbheach]. [connspeach] is referred by Stokes (Dict. 302) to
[*spekâ], Gr.
sfc/x
; for phonetics cf.
[padhadh], [piuthar], also [speir] and [speal].
speach
, a blow, thrust, stitch in the side,
Ir. [speach], a kick:
speach
, door step (Carm.).
spead
, a very small foot or leg (M`A.),
speadach
, sheepshanked (M`A.), kicking (Badenoch, where
spead
means a cow's or sheep's kick); cf. M.Ir.
[spedudhud], a musical instrument (?), Kuno Meyer's "King and Hermit".
Root [sped-do-], [spend-].
speal
, a scythe, Ir. [speal], scythe, reaping
hook, M.Ir. [spel]: [*spelâ], Gr.
yalís
,
shears, root [spal], clip, pull, further Eng. [psalm] (so Stokes).
spealg
, a splinter; from Sc. [spelk], a
splint attached to a fracture, M.E. [spelke], a splinter, Norse
[spjalk], [spelkur], splint, Du. [spalk].
spealt
, a splinter; from Teutonic - M.Eng.
[spélde], now a [spill], M.H.G. [spelte], a splinter, Ger. [spalten].
spearrach
, a cow-fetter, a fetter for wild
goats; see [speireach].
spéic
, a spike, Ir. [spéice]; from Norse
[spík], a spike, Eng. [spike], Ger. [speiche]. W. has [ysbig].
speil
, cattle, herd, Ir. [speil], herd of
cattle or swine; [*speli-], allied to Lat. [spolium] (Stokes).
spéil
, slide, skate; from Sc. [speil], play,
[bonspel], curling game, Ger. [spielen], play.
speir
, hoof or ham of cattle, claw talon,
ankle and thereabouts of the human leg, Ir. [speirr], hough, ham:
[*s-peri-]; compare W. [ffer], ankle, [ber], leg, shank: Cor. [fer],
crus, E.Ir. [seir], heel, [di pherid]: [*speret-], Gr.
sfurón
, ankle, heel; root [sper], Eng. [spur],
[spurn], Lat. [sperno], etc.
speireach
,
spearrach
,
cow-fetter, foot fetter; from [speir] and [*rich], tie, for which last
see [buarach].
spéiread
, strength, force, courage; founded
on Lat. [spîritus].
speireag
, sparrow-hawk; from M.Eng.
[sper-hauk], Ag.S. [spear-hafoc], Norse [sparrhaukr], from [sparrow]
and [hawk].
spéis
, esteem, liking, Ir. [spéis], M.Ir.
[sbéis]; seemingly from M.Ir. [sbesailte], special, from Lat.
[species], look (cf. Eng. [re-spect]).
speuc
,
spiac
, diverge,
divaricate, tear asunder, branch; from Sc. [spaik], a spoke (in a
wheel), Eng. [spoke], Ag.S. [spáca].
speuclair
, spectacles, Ir. [speucláir], a
glass, spectacles; from the Latin.
speur
, the heaven, firmament, Ir. [speur],
[spéir]; from the L.Lat. [spera], a hemisphere, circle (of each
planet), celestial region, Lat. [sphaera], a sphere (whence the Eng.),
from Gr.
sfa&iibre;pra
, globe. Cf. Sc.
[spere], sphere, circle, "the [speir] of the moon".
spìd
, spite, Ir. [spíd]; from the Eng. Hence
spìdeig
or
spideag
, a taunt.
spìd
, speed, haste; from Eng. [speed].
spideag
, nightingale (
spìdeag
, M.F.), Ir. [spideóg], robin:
spideag
, a delicate or slender creature
(Arms.
spìdeag
); from Sc. [spit], a little,
hot-tempered person, [spitten], a puny, mischievous person, Eng.
[spit].
spideal
, a spital, hospital, Ir. [spideul],
M.Ir. [spidél]; from M.Eng. [spitel], from O.Fr. [ospital], from Lat.
[hospitale].
spidean
, pinnacle; "[spidean] an tempuill":
spiligean
, a seedling, dwarfish person:
spìoc
, meanness, dastardliness,
spìocach
, mean:
spiocaid
, a spigot, Ir. [spiocaid] (O'R.);
from Eng. sources - M.Eng. [spigot], Eng. [spike].
spìochan
, wheezing, Ir. [spiochan]; see
[pìochan].
spiol
, nibble, peel, pluck, Ir. [spiolaim],
[spialaim], snatch, pluck. See [piol].
spiolg
, unhusk, shell; from the Sc. [spilk],
[pilk], shell pease, etc., [spilkins], split pease. Cf. [spealg].
spìon
, pluck up, pull, tear, Ir. [spíonaim],
teaze, probe, pluck, examine; cf. M.Ir. [spín], a thorn, from Lat.
[spîna], thorn.
spionnadh
, strength, Ir. [spionnadh],
[spionnamhail], strong (Keat.): [*sphen] or [*sven]; see [faod].
spiontag
, a currant, a particle in the
throat, a maggot, a drop of rain or flake of snow, Ir. [spionán], a
gooseberry, M.Ir. [spínan]; from Lat. [spîna].
spiorad
, a spirit, so Ir., O.Ir. [spiurt],
[spirut]; from Lat. [spiritus], Eng. [spirit]. W. has [ysbryd], Corn.
[speris], Br. [speret].
spiosradh
, spice, Ir. [spiosra]; from Eng.
[spicery], O.Fr. [espicerie], spices, from Lat. [species].
spiris
, a hen-roost, hammock; from Norse
[sperra], a spar, rafter, with a leaning on G.
iris
, roost.
spisniche
, pillar, support (Carm.):
spitheag
, a chip, spelk, small bit of wood,
bite, Ir. [spiothóg], a finger stone for throwing at an object (Con.,
Sh.), [spitheóg], a flake of snow; a borrowed word belonging to the
Eng. group [spike], [spigot], but likely taken from Norse [spík],
sprig, spike.
splang
, a sparkle, flash, Ir. [splanc]:
splangaid
, a snot, mucus, Ir. [spleangaid]
(O'R.); a side-form of [sglongaid]?
spleadh
, a splay foot; from Eng. [splay].
spleadh
, ostentation, romance, false
flattery, Ir. [spleadh]; from M.Eng. [spleien], display, from
[displeien], now [display].
spleadhan
, a sort of wooden paddle to dig up
sand eels; see [pleadhag].
spleuchd
,
spliachd
, stare,
squint, spread out by trampling:
spliùc
, fluke of an anchor (M`A.); founded on
Eng. [fluke].
spliùchan
,
spliùcan
,
tobacco pouch, Ir. [spliuchán], a pouch, bag, leather purse; hence Sc.
[spleuchan]. Cf. W. [blwch], a box.
spliug
, a snot, icicle, anything hanging
down: [*s-cluig]? Cf. [cluigein].
slpiùgach
, splay-footed:
spliùig
, a discontented countenance:
spliut
, a lame hand or foot, splay foot; see
[pliut].
spòc
, a spoke; from the Eng.
spoch
, address one quickly and angrily,
intimidate, affront, attack, Ir. [spochaim], provoke, affront, rob;
cf. [spoth].
spòg
,
spàg
, a claw, paw,
Manx [spaag], Ir. [spâg], W. [ysbach]:
spoll
, a quarter (as of a sheep, M`A.),
spòld
, a piece or joint of meat, Ir. [spódhla],
[spólla], a piece of meat; from Sc. [spaul], limb, [spald], shoulder,
from old Fr. [espaule], [espalle], L.Lat. [spatula], shoulder, whence
Eng. [epaulet]. Ir. [spolla] is also hence. Cf. [spadag],
[spathalt].
spòlt
, mangle, slaughter, hew down in battle,
also (Dial. Badenoch) splutter; from the English. Cf. M.Eng.
[splatten], cut open, Sc. [sploit], squirt, spout. [spoltadh], drops
flying out of a vessel when boiling or stirred carelessly.
spong
, sponge, tinder, Ir. [sponc], E.Ir.
[sponge], W. [ysbwng], sponge, Corn. [spong], Br. [spone], [sponeñk];
from Lat. [spongia], sponge, from Gr.
spoggiá
, allied to Lat. [fungus].
spor
, a spur, claw, talon, Ir. [spor], M.Ir.
[sbor], a spur for a horse; from Norse [spori], a spur, [spor], foot
trace, Dan. [spore], Swed. [sporre], Eng. [spur], Ag.S. [spora]; root
[sper] of [speir], etc. Hence
sporadh
, inciting,
scraping the earth (as a hen), Sc. [spur].
spor
, tinder, flint, gun-flint; from Eng.
[spar].
sporan
, a purse, Ir. [sparán], [sporán],
[sbarrán], M.Ir. [sboran], W. [ysbur]: [*s-burr-] from [*burs], from
L.Lat. [bursa], a purse, whence Eng. [purse], bursary; originally from
Gr.
bursc
, a hide.
sporracan
, crumbs (M`F.):
spors
, sport, Ir. [spórt] (Fol.); from the
Eng.
spot
, a spot; from the Eng.
spoth
, geld, castrate, Ir. [spothaim], M.Ir.
[spochad] (n.), W. [dysbaddu], Br. [spaza]; from Lat. [spado], eunuch,
whence Eng. [spay]. The M.Ir. [spochad] is thought by Stokes to be
from Br. [spac'hein] (inf.).
spracadh
, strength, sprightliness, Ir.
[spracadh]; from Eng. [sprack], lively, Norse [spraekr], lively, Swed.
[spräker]; from Norse also comes Eng. [spark] - Norse [sparkr].
spraic
, a sever reprimand; see [spreig].
spraidh
, a loud blast, report of a gun; cf.
Sc. [spraich], a cry, Norse [spraki], a report.
spreadh
, burst, sound loudly while bursting,
kill, Ir. [spréidhim], spread, burst ([spreighim], O'B.), E.Ir.
[sprédaire], brush for sprinkling the holy water; from M.Eng.
[spraeden], now [spread].
spreangan
, a cloven stick for closing the
wound of bled cattle; from Eng. [springe], twig, rod, snare with
flexible rod.
spréidh
, cattle, Ir. [spré(idh)], M.Ir.
[spré], [spreid], W. [praidd], flock, booty; from Lat. [praeda],
booty. Hence Sc. [spreith], booty.
spreig
, blame, reprove, incite, Ir.
[spreagaim]; founded on M.Eng. [spraechen], now [speak], Ger.
[sprechen].
spreigh
, scatter, burst; see [spreadh].
spreill
, blubber lip: [*s-breill], from
[breall]?
spreisneach
, the remains of a wreck:
spreòchan
, weakness, weak person; from
[*s-breòch-], being the same in root as [breòclaid]?
spreòd
,
spreod
(H.S.D.), a
projecting beam,
crann spreòid
, a bow-sprit; from
M.Eng. [sprēot], a sprit, now [sprit]; Ag.S. [spréot], M.Du.
[spriet]. Hence
spreòd
, incite.
sprochd
, dejection, sadness, Ir. [sprochd]:
[*s-broc], M.Ir. [broc], sorrow, anxiety (also [sbrog]). Cf.
[murcach] for root; or [bròn]?
sprogan
,
sprogaill
,
dewlap, bird's crop, Ir. [sprogaille], [sbrogaill], also [sgroban],
[sgrogul], neck: [*s-broggo-]. See [bràghad].
spronnan
, a crumb; from [pronn].
sprot
, single stick (Lewis): N. [sproti],
stick.
spruan
, brushwood, firewood, Ir. [spruán]:
[*s-bruan], from [bruan]. M`A. has [sprudhan], fragments.
sprùdan
, fingers, sprouts; from the Eng.
[sprout].
spruileach
,
spruidhleach
,
crumbs, fragments, Ir. [spruille(ach)], crumb, fragment, [sprudhaille]
(Lh.), M.Ir. [sbruileach]. Cf. [spruan]. M.Ir. has also [spuirech],
fragmentum, W. [ysbwrial], sweepings, [ysborion], refuse of fodder.
spruiseil
, spruce, neat, Ir. [sprúiseamhuil];
from the Eng. [spruce].
spruithean
, claw (as of eagle):
spuaic
, crown of the head, a pinnacle,
callosity, blister, Ir. [spuaic], a welt, callus, pinnacle:
spùidsear
, baling ladle (N.H.): cf. Eng.
[spudge].
spùill
, spoil, plunder; from Sc. [spulye],
lay waste, plunder, Eng. [spoil], Fr. [spolier], Lat. [spoliare]. W.
has [ysbail], a spoil.
spùinn
, spoil, plunder, Ir. [spúinim];
another form of [spùill], borrowed directly from Lat. [spoliare]?
spuirse
, spurge, milkweed, Ir. [spuirse];
from the Eng. [spurge], M.Eng. [sporge].
spùll
, nail of a cat, a clutch,
spùllach
, nailed, greedy (M`A.):
spursan
, a gizzard, Ir. [spursán]; cf.
[sparsan], dewlap.
spùt
, a spout; from the Sc. [spoot], Eng.
[spout].
sràbh
, a straw; from the Eng.:
sràbh
, falling water (Carm.):
srabhard
, strife (Suth. R.D.):
srac
, tear, rend, rob, Ir. [sracaim]; G. has
also
racadh
: [*srakko-], for [rap-ko-], root [rap]
of Lat. [rapio]?
srad
, a spark of fire, Ir. [srad]: [*sraddâ],
from [strad] or [st&rdot;-d], root [ster], as in Eng. [star], Gr.
&acom;stc/r
. M.Ir. has [srab-tine],
lightning, from the same root.
sràid
, a street, Ir. [sráid], E.Ir. [sráit];
from Lat. [strâtā] ([via]), whence Eng. [street]. K.Meyer
derives it from Norse [straeti], which itself comes from Lat.
sraidean
, the plant shepherd's purse, Ir.
[sraidín] ([sráidín], O'B.); cf [srad].
sraigh
, the cartilage of the nose, sneeze
(M`A.); cf. root of [sròn].
sramh
, a jet of milk from the cow's udder,
Ir. [sramh] ([srámh], O'R.); root [ster], [st&rdot;], strew.
srann
, a snore, buzz, Ir. [srann], E.Ir.
[srand], O.Ir. [srennim], sterto: [*stre-s-no-], root [ster], [pster]
of Lat. [sterto], snore, [sternno], sneeze (see [sreothart] further).
Stokes makes the Gadelic to be [*strenvô], like Lat. [sternuo].
sraon
, stumble, make a false step, rush
forward violently; cf. Ir. [sraoinim], defeat, overthrow, scatter,
M.Ir. [sráined], dragging down, defeat, E.Ir. [sroenim], hurl, drag,
defeat: [*sroino-], root [ster], strew, scatter (Eng. [strew], etc.).
sraonais
, a huff, snuffiness; M`A. has
sròin
, a huff: from [sròn], nose?
srath
, a valey, strath, Ir., M.Ir. [srath],
meadow land or holm along banks of a river or loch, often swampy
(Joyce), O.Ir. [israth], in gramine, W. [ystrad], strath, E.W.
[strat], [istrat], planities: [*stratu-], root [ster], spread,
scatter; Lat. [strâtus], from [sterno], I strew; Gr.
strwtós
, spread,
storénnumi
, scatter; Eng. [strew], [strand] (?).
strathair
, a pack-saddle, Ir., O.Ir.
[srathar], W. [ystrodyr]; from Med.Lat. [stratura], from [stratum],
[sterno], spread.
sream
, rheum (M`A.), a wrinkle,
sreamach
, blear-eyed, Ir. [srám], eye rheum, [srámach],
blear-eyed, [sremach] (F.M.). Stokes derives this from Ag.S.
[streám], Eng. [stream].
sreamadh
, curbing or checking by the nose:
sreang
, a string, Ir. [srang], [srang], E.Ir.
[sreng]: [*srengo-], [strengo-], Gadelic root [streg]; immediately
allied either to Eng. [string], Norse [strengr], Ger. [strang] (I.E.
[stre&gcurly;h], Gr.
stréfw
, turn), or
DMK @g above used to be @G - assumed to be a mistake.
to Lat. [stringo], bind, Ger. [strick], string (I.E. [stre&gcurly;]).
The I.E. roots [stre&gcurly;] and [stre&gcurly;h] are allied
ultimately. [sraing], lie, embroidery (Hend.).
streath
, a row, series, Ir. [sreath], O.Ir.
[sreth]: [*srito-], [*s&rdot;-to-], root [ser], order, join; Lat.
[series], row, [sors], lot.
sreathan
, filmy skin covering unborn calf
(H.S.D., etc.). When dried, it was used for covering vessels:
sreothart
, a sneeze, Ir. [sraoth],
[sraothfurtach], earlier [sreod], W. [trew], [ystrew], a sneeze,
[ystrewi] (vb.), Br. [strefia], [strevia] (vb.), root [streu],
[pstreu] (Stokes), further [ster], [pster], Lat. [sternuo], sneeze,
Gr.
ptárnumai
(do.)
srian
, a bridle, Ir. [srian], E.Ir. [srían],
W. [ffrwyn]; from Lat. [frênum] (through W.).
srideag
, a drop, spark,
srideach
, white streaked with dark: [*sriddi], root
[s&rdot;d] of [srad].
sringlean
, the strangles; founded on the
English.
sruit
, a torrent of quick words; founded on
[sruth].
srobadh
, a push (Sh.), small quantity of
liquor (A.M`D.); see [sruab].
sroghall
, a whip, so Ir., E.Ir. [sraigell],
O.Ir. [srogill] (gen.), W. [ffrowyll]; from Lat. [flagellum].
sról
, a streamer, banner, silk, Ir. [sról],
satin, byssus; from Lat. [stragulus], coverlet, pall, whence Cor.
[strail], tapestry, W. [ystraill], a mat. Stokes ([Lismore]) has
suggested a form [*fról], [*flór], Fr. [velours], velvet, Br. [flour],
velveted.
sròn
, a nose, Ir., O.Ir. [srón], W. [ffroen],
Br. [froan]: [*srognâ]; [*sroknâ] (Stokes, Gr.
réghw
, snore, snort,
régkw
), [*sprognâ] (Strachan), to which Lat.
[spargo] has been compared. W. has also [trwyn] ([*trugno-] or
[trogni-]), Cor. [trein].
sruab
, drink up with noise of the lips, pull
hastily out of the water: [*sroubbo-], root [sreub]? Cf. [srùb], and
Lit. [sriaubiu], sup, lap up, Ch.Sl. [srŭbati], swallow, Lat.
[sorbeo], Eng. [absorb].
sruan
, shortbread cake having five corners
(M`A. for Islay):
srùb
, a spout; from the Sc. [stroup], spout,
M.Eng. [strūpe], throat, Norse [strjúpi], the spouting trunk
when the head is cut off, Swed. [strupe], throat. Hence
srùban
, a cockle.
struth
, a stream, Ir., O.Ir. [sruth], g.
[srotha], W. [ffrwd], Cor. [frot], alveus, Br. [froud]: [*srutu-],
root [sreu], flow; Gr.
&rbcom;úsis
, a
flowing,
&rbcom;e&uibre;ma
, a stream,
&rbcom;éw
, flow; Eng. [stream], Norse [straumr]; Lit.
[sravju], flow. Some have referred the Celtic words to the root
[spreut], [spreu], to well, Ger. [sprudel], a well, [sprühen], emit
sparks, drizzle, further Eng. [spurt], [spout].
sruthladh
, rinsing, half-washing, Ir.
[sruthlaighim]; from [sruth].
stà
, advantage, use; from the Eng. - founded
on [stay]?
stàbhach
, wide, asunder, straddling, Ir.
[stabhaighim], straddle:
stabhaic
, a wry neck, a sullen attitude of
the head (M`A.); see [stùichd]. Pronounced in Arg.
staoi'c
,
staghaic
.
stàbull
, a stable, Ir. [stabla]; from Lat.
[stabulum], through the English.
stac
, a precipice, steep hill, M.Ir. [stacc],
a stack (F.M.), [stacc], a pile, piece; from Norse [stakkr], a stack
(of hay), [stakka], a stump, Swed. [stack], a stack, Sc. (Shetland,
etc.) [stack], a columnar isolated rock, Eng. [stack].
stad
, a stop, Ir. [stad], E.Ir. [stad]
(Cormac); founded on Lat. [status], position, [stat], stands
(Hennessey, Stokes). Cf. Norse [staða], a standing, a position.
Ascoli compares O.Ir. [astaim], sisto (= [ad-sad-to-], root [sed] of
[suidhe]).
stadh
(better
stagh
), a
stay, a certain rope in ship's rigging; from Norse [stag] (do.), Eng.
[stay], Dan., Ger. [stag].
stadhadh
, state, condition, Ir. [stáid],
M.Ir. [stait]; from Lat. [statio] (K.Meyer). W. has [ystâd], from
Lat. [status]. Ir. [stáid] may be from the Eng. See next word.>>
stàideil
, stately, Ir. [stáideamhuil]; from
Eng. [state], [stately].
staidhir
, a stair, Ir. [staighre], M.Ir.
[staigre]; from the Eng., and Ag.S. [stáeger]. The G. is possibly
from Eng. [stair], just as [paidhir] and [faidhir] are from [pair] and
[fair] (Dr Cameron).
stail
, a bandage, strap:
stailc
, stubbornness, stop, stump, Ir.
[stailc]; cf. [tailce]; cf. N. [stilkr], stalk.
stàilinn
, steel; from Norse [stál], steel,
[stálin] weapons (pl.), Ger. [stahl], Eng. [steel].
staing
, a peg, small pointed rock; from Norse
[stöng], g. [stangar], a pole, Sc. and Eng. [stang].
staing
, a well-built person or animal (M`A.),
staingean
, obstinate boorish person, Ir. [stainc],
incivility; from the above.>>
staipeal
, a stopple, Ir. [stapal] (O'R.);
from the Sc. [stappil], Eng. [stopple].
staipeal
,
stapull
, a
staple, bar; from Eng. [staple].
stair
, a path over a bog, stepping stones in
a river. Dr Cameron has suggested connection with Du. [steiger],
waterside stairs, Eng. [stair]. For [s-tar], from [*tar], cross (see
[thar])?
stairirich
, a rattling, a rumbling noise;
also
dairireach
, q.v. For [s-dairirich].
stàirn
, a particle, small quantity (Perth);
from Sc. [starn], particle, grain, star, from [star].
stàirn
, noise (as the tread of horses), a
violent push: [*s-tairn]; see [tàirneanach] for root. Cf. Ir.
[stathruim], clatter, din.
stàirneil
,
stairneanach
(Suth.), conceited, ostentations; from [stàirn], noise: "creating a
furore". Eng. [stern]?
stairsneach
,
stairseach
, a
threshold, Ir. [tairseach], E.Ir. [tairsech]: "cross beam or stone:;
for root see [tarsuinn], transverse.
stairt
, a considerable distance, trip (M`A.);
from Eng. [start]?
stàit
, a magistrate or great man,
stàitean
, great men; see [stàt].
stalan
, a stallion, Ir. [stail]; from the
English.
stalc
, stiffen,
stalcanta
,
firm, strong; for [s-talc]; see [tailce]. M`A. gives
stalc
as meaning "dash one's foot against (Islay),
thread a hook, thump, stare." In the meaning of "stalk", the word is
from the Eng.
stalla
, an overhanging rock, craggy steep,
precipice,
stall
, a peat bank; from Norse [stallr],
any block or shelf on which another thing is placed, pedestal, step of
a mast, stall, [stalli], an altar, Eng. [stall], Lit. [stalas], table.
stallachdach
, stupidly deaf, heedless (Wh.):
stalladh
, dashing against, thumping (M`A.):
stamag
, a stomach; from the Eng.
stamh
, sea tangle,
staf
(Lewis), M. [stafr], staff.
stamhnaich
, reduce to order, subject, break
in, drub (M`A.),
stannadh
, subject (Heb.); from N.
[stafr], a stick, [staffa fyir], rule, [fyrir stafni], aim at,
[stafn], stem?
stàmp
, stamp, trample, Ir. [stampáil], a
stamping, prancing; from Eng. [stamp]. ++
stàn
,
tin, Ir. [stán], W. [ystaen], Cor., Br. [stean]; from Lat. [stannum],
tin (for [*stagnum]; cf. Ital. [stagno]). See [staoin].
stàn
,
a stàn
, below, down;
Sutherland form of
a bhàn
, on analogy of [a' s
t-foghar], [a' s t-samhradh], etc.:
stang
, a ditch, pool; from Sc. [stank], O.Fr.
[estang], now [étang], from Lat. [stagnum].
stang
, sting, from Sc. [stang], sting (as a
bee), a sting, Norse [stanga], prick, goad; further Eng. [sting].
stangarra
, the fish stickleback; from
[stang], sting.
stanna
, a vat, tub, Ir. [stanna], vat,
barrel; from Eng. [tun], [ton], M.Eng. [tonne]. See [tunna].
stannart
, a standard, yard, limit; from the
Eng. It also means "affected coyness".
staoig
, a collop, steak, Ir. [staoig], M.Ir.
[stáic]; from Norse [steik], Eng. [steak] (Stokes, K.Meyer).
staoin
, pewter, tin; see [stàn].
staoin
, juniper,
caoran
staoin
:
staoin
, laziness:
staon
, bent, awry, shallow (Hend.), Ir.
[staon]:
staorum
, bending of the body to a side; for
[staon-um].
stapag
, a mixture of meal and cold water;
from Sc. [stappack] (do.), [stap], mix, hash, Norse [stappa], bray in
a mortar.
staplaich
, loud noise, noise of the sea:
stapull
, a bar, bolt, staple; see [staipeal].
starach
, cunning, deceitful (Suth.):
starachd
, romping, blustering (M`A.):
starbhanach
, a strong, robust fellow:
starcach
, firm; from Norse [starkr], strong,
Eng., Ger. [stark].
starr
, shove, dash,
starradh
, pushing violently, dashing against, a failing
or freak,
snap-starradh
, a stumbling-block,
obstruction, a ball on the end of a spear; cf. [starr-(shuileach)].
starr-fhiacail
, a tusk or gag-tooth, Ir.
[stairfhiacail]; from [starr] and [fiacail].
starr-shuileach
, having the eyes distorted,
stard
, a moon-eye (M`A.); cf. Norse [starblindr],
blind with a cataract, O.H.G. [starablind], Ger. [starr], stiff, Eng.
[stare], "fixed" look, Sc. [stare], stiff, [starr], sedge, [star], a
speck on the eye.
stàt
, pride, haughtiness, Ir. [státamhuil],
stately; from the Eng. [state], M.Eng. [stát], from Lat. [status].
Cf. [stàideil], [stàta].
stàta
, the state or Government; from the Eng.
steach, a steach
, (to) within, into, Ir.
[steach], [a steach], M.Ir. [is tech], E.Ir. [isa tech]:
[*in-san-tech], "into the house"; from [teach]. Cf. [stigh].
steadhainn
, firm, pointed or punctual in
speech (M`A.); cf. Eng. [steady].
steafag
, a little staff or stick, Ir.
[steafóg]; from Eng. [staff].
steàirn
, a blazing fire (Perth), "a drop in
the e'e":
steall
, spout, cause to spout, pour out, Ir.
[steallaim], squirt, sprinkle, [steallaire], a tap; from Lat.
[stillo], I drop, Eng. [distill].
stear
, a pole to kill birds with (Carm.):
steàrnal
, a bittern, sea-bird, an
inn-keeper's sign:
stéidh
, foundation; from Norse [staeða],
establish, Ork. [steeth], foundation, [steethe], to found.
steill
, a peg or pin for things hung; cf. Sc.
[stell], a prop.
stéilleach
(
steilleach
,
M`F.), lusty, stout, ruddy; cf.
stéidheil
, steady,
solid, from [stéidh].
steinle
, the itch, mange, Ir. [steinle] (Lh.,
etc.); from [teine], fire?
steòc
, any person or thing standing (or
sticking) upward, an attendant (
steòcair
also);
from Sc. [stog], [stug], [stook], stubble, stumpy horns, [stok], Eng.
[stick].
steòrn
, guide, direct, manage; from Norse
[stjórna] (do.), [stjórn], steering, rule, Eng. [stern], [steer]. See
[stiùir].
steud
, a horse, steed, Ir. [stead] (O'R.),
M.Ir. [stéd]; from Ag.S. [stéda], Ag.S. [stéda], M.Eng. [stede], now
[steed].
stiall
, a strip, stripe, streak, Ir.
[stíall], E.Ir. [stíall], girdle, strap, board; cf. W. [astell], M.W.
[ystyll], shingle, plank, Corn. [stil], rafter, O.Fr. [esteil], pole,
Lat. [astella], splinter, or from O.H.G. [stihhil], pole, post.
stic
, a fault, blemish, pain; from Sc.
[stick], a bungle or botch, Eng. [stick], [stich] (older [sticke]).
stic
, adhere, stick; from the Eng.
stìc
, ghostly person, "imp" (Carm.); N.
[stygr], shy.
stìd
, peep, Manx [steetagh] to peep; see
[dìd].
stidean
(
stìdean
, H.S.D.),
a cat, the word by which a cat is called to one (also
stididh
and
tididh
, from Sc.
[cheet], [cheety], puss, cat, Eng. [chit], cub, youngster; from [cat],
like [kitten]).
stìg
, a skulking or abject look or attitude;
from Norse [stygr], shy.
stigh
,
a stigh
, inside,
Ir. ['stigh], E.Ir. [istig], [istaig], [isintig]; for [*in-san-tig],
'in the house", from [tigh], house.
stìnleag
, the hinge of a box, hasp:
stìobull
, a steeple; from the Eng.
stiocach
, limping: "sticking"? From the Eng.
anyway.
stìog
, a strip in cloth (M`A.); from Sc.
[steik], Eng. [stitch].
stìom
,
stìm
, head-band,
snood:
stiorap
, a stirrup, Ir. [stioróip]; from
M.Eng. [stirōp], Ag.S. [stigráp].
stiorc
, stretch (at death, Arg.); from Eng.
[stark]?
stiorlag
, a thin, worn-out rag, an emaciated
woman,
stiorlan
, a thin person; [stiorlach], thin
gruel (M`D.); [stirlean], thin gruel or watery stuff (Bad.):
stiornach
, sturgeon (M`A.),
stirean
; from Lat.
sturio(n)
,
whence, through Fr., Eng. [sturgeon].
stìpean
, a stipend; from the Eng.
stiùbhard
, a steward, Ir. [stìobhard]; from
the Eng.
stiùir
, steeer, guide, Ir. [sdiuirim], M.Ir.
[stiurad] or [stiúrad]; from Ag.S. [steóran], steer, now [steer],
Norse [stýra], Got. [stiurjan].
stiup
, a long tail or train, a foolish
person. In the latter sense, the G. is from Sc. [stupe], from Lat.
[stupidus].
stiùireag
, gruel; from the Sc. [stooram],
[stooradrink], [stourreen], [sturoch], a warm drink, meal and water
mixed, from [stoor], to stir, agitate.
stob
, thrust, stab, fix (as a stake),
stob
, a stake, stick, stob (Sc.), Ir. [stobaim], stab,
thrust; from Sc. [stob], a side-form of Eng. [stab]. Cf. Norse
[stobbi], a stump, Eng. [stub], M.Eng. [stob].
stòbh
, a stove; from the Eng.
stoc
, a stock, pillar, stump, Ir. [stoc];
from Eng. [stock].
stoc
, a trumpet, so Ir., M.Ir. [stocc], E.Ir.
[stoc]; cf. Sc. [stock-horne], [stock-and-horn], a pipe formed of a
sheep's thigh-bone inserted into the smaller end of a cut horn, with
an oated reed, from Eng. [stock]. Gadelic is borrowed.
stocain
, a stocking, Ir. [stoca]; from the
Eng.
stoim
, a particle, whit, faintest glimpse of
anything (Dial.); from Sc. [styme].
stoirm
, a storm, Ir. [stoirm]; from Eng.,
M.Eng. [storm], Norse [stormr], Ger. [sturm].
stòite
, prominet; cf. [stàt] for origin.
stòl
, a stool, settle, Ir. [stól], W.
[ystôl]; from Ag.S. [stól], now [stool], Norse [stóll], Ger. [stuhl].
Hence vb.
stòl
, settle.
stòp
, a wooden vessel for liquor, a stoup,
Ir. [stópa], a "stoup" or wooden pail; from Sc. [stoup], M.Eng.
[stope], now [stoup], Du. [stoop], a gallon, Norse [staup], a stoup.
stop
, stop, close up, Ir. [stopaim]; from the
Eng.
stòr
, a steep cliff, broken teeth; cf.
[stùrr], [starr]. Norse [stór].
stòras
, store, wealth, Ir. [stór], [stórus];
from M.Eng. [stōr].
stoth
, lop off, cut corn high:
stoth
, hot steam, vapour; see [toth].
strabaid
, a strumpet, Ir. [strabóid]; from an
early form of Eng. [strumpet], that is [*stropet], from O.Fr.
[strupe], concubinage, [stupre], from Lat. [stuprum].
stràc
, a stroke, ship or boat plank; from Sc.
[strake], Eng. [stroke]; from Sc. [straik], strait-edge for measuring
corn, comes G.
stràc
(do.). Similarly G.
stràc
, mower's whetstone, is from [strake]; all are
from the root of Eng. [stroke], strike.
stràcair
, troublesome fellow, gossip,
wanderer; from Norse [strákr], a vagabond, etc.
straic
, pride, swelling with anger, Ir.
[stráic]:
straighlich
, rattling, great noise, sparkles;
root [sprag], [sparg], crackle, Eng. [spark], [sparkle], Lit.
[sprageti], crackle.
stràille
, carpet; from Lat. [strâgulum],
coverlet.
strangair
, a lazy, quarrelsome fellow, Ir.
[strangair]; cf. [dreangan].
streafan
, film, carpet (Carm.):
streap
, climb, strive against obstacles, Ir.
[dreapaim]; cf. [dreimire].
streòdag
, a little liquor (Skye):
streud
, a row, line (Suth.); from Eng.
[street].
streup
,
strèapaid
, strife,
quarrel; from Lat. [strepitus].
strì
, strife, contention; from Norse [stríð],
Ag.S. [stríð], Ger. [streit].
strianach
, a badger:
strìoch
, a streak, line, Ir. [stríoc]; from
Eng. [streak].
strìochd
, yield, Ir. [stríocaim],
[strìocail], (inf.), fall, be humbled, submit:
strìoghach
, prodigal (Rob.):
strìopach
, a prostitute, Ir. [stríopach];
from O.Fr. [strupe], concubinage, from Lat. [stuprum], dishonour,
violation.
stròdh
, prodigality, Ir. [stró], [strógh];
seemingly (because of preserved [st] in all cases) borrowed from,
rather than allied to, M.Eng. [strawen], strew, Ag.S. [stréowian],
Got. [straujan], I.E. [strou], [stru]. Hence G.
struidheas
, prodigality, squandering.
stròic
(
stroic
, Arm.),
tear asunder, a long rag, strip torn off, Ir. [stroicim], [stróicim],
[sroic], a piece: [*srakki-], from [srac], confused with [stródh]?
strolamas
, mess (Glenmoriston):
stropach
, wrinkled (H.S.D.):
struidheas
, prodigality; see [stròdh].
struill
, a baton, cudgel, Ir. [sroghall],
whip, rod, O.Ir. [sraigell]; see [sroghall].
strumpaid
, a strumpet; from the Eng.
struth
, ostrich, Ir. [struth]; from Lat.
[struthio], whence, through O.Fr. [ostruche] (= [avis struthio]), Eng.
[ostrich].
strùthan
, cake made on St. Michael's eve and
eaten on his day (Carm.):
stuadh
, a wave, gable, pinnacle, scroll, Ir.
[stuadh], gable, pinnacle, scroll, [stuaidh-nimhe], rainbow, M.Ir.
[stuag-nime] (do.), [stuaid-léim], leap of the waves, E.Ir. [stúag],
arch: [*s-tuag], from O.Ir. [tuag], bow, belonging to the same root as
[tuagh], axe.
stuaic
(M`A., Arm.),
stuaichd
(H.S.D.), a little hill, round promontory, Ir.
[stuaic]: [*s-tuag-c], from [stuadh] above. M`A. has the meaning
"wry-neck" and sullen countenance, extreme boorishness", which is
usually represented by [stùic]. Stokes gives the Celtic as
[*stoukki-], Br. [stuchyaff], to feather, Lit. [stúgti], set on high,
Eng. [steep].
stuaim
, modesty, Ir. [stuaim], device, mien,
modesty: [*s-tuamm-], [*tous-men], root [tus], [teus] of [tosd],
silence.
stùc
,
stùchd
, a little
hill jutting out from a greater, a horn, Ir. [stucán],a small conical
hill, [stucach], horned; from Teutonic - N. [stúka], wing of a
building; Sc., Eng. [stook], M.Eng. [stouke], a shock of corn (12
sheaves), [stooks], small horns, Low Ger. [stūke] (properly a
projection), a bundle, bunch. But cf. [stuaic].
stùic
,
stùichd
, a
projecting crag, an angry or threatening aspect; from
stùc
above.
stuidearra
, studious, steady, glum, Ir.
[stuideurach], [stuideur], a study.
stuig
, incite, spur on dogs; from Eng.
[stick].
stuird
, huffiness, pride, Ir.
[stuirteamhlachd] (Con.); from M.Eng. [sturte], impetuosity,
[sturten], impetuous, quarrelsome, Sc. [sturt], vexation, anger, a
side form of [start].
stùirt
, vertigo, a disease in sheep caused by
water in the head, drunkenness; from Sc. [sturdy], from O.F.
[estourdi], dizzy-headed, now [êtourdi], giddy-headed; from Lat.
[extorpidire]. From Fr. comes Eng. [sturdy].
stùr
, dust; from Sc. [stour], M.Eng. [stour],
tumult.
stùrr
, the rugged point of a rock or hill,
sturrach
, rugged: [*s-tùrr], from [turr] = [tòrr],
q.v.? Cf. N. [staurr].
stuth
, stuff, metal; founded on the Eng.
[stuff].
stuthaig
, dress with starch, starch (vb. and
n.); from Sc. [stiffing], starch, Eng. [stiff]. Perthshire has
stifinn
.
suabag
, a sweeping blow (Suth. R.D.):
suacan
, a pot (M`F.), earthen furnace (Arm.),
a basket hung in the chimney containing wood to dry (Dial.), anything
wrought together awkwardly, as clay (M`A.), Ir. [suachgan] (Lh.), an
earthen pot; from [suath]?
suaicean
, a bundle of straw or hay twisted
together, a deformed person; see [sùgan].
suaicheantas
, ensign, escutcheon, Ir.
[suaitheantas], a streamer, standard, escutcheon, [su-aichintus],
ensigns, colours (K.Meyer), O.Ir. [suaichnid], clear, demonstratio,
for [su-aithne], "easily known", from [aithne], knowledge.
suail
, small, inconsiderable (M`F.), Ir.
[suaill], E.Ir. [suail], a trifle:
suaimhneach
, genial, secure, Ir.
[suaimhneach], peaceful, gentle, peaceable: [*su-menmnach]? See
[meamna].
suain
, sleep, Ir. [suan], E.Ir., O.Ir.
[súan], W. [hun], Br. [hun]: [*supno-s], developing into [*sofno-],
[*sovno], [*souno-]; I.E. root [svop], [svep], sleep; Lat. [sopor],
sleep; Skr. [svápnas].
suaineadh
, twisting, rope-twisting anything,
a line for twisting round anything, E.Ir., O.Ir. [súanem], g.
[suaneman], funis: [*sognemon-], root [sug], [soug], Br. [sug], trace,
W. [syg], chain, trace; Romance [soga], rope, Ital. [soga], rope,
leather band, Sp. [soga], a linear measure, Port. [soga], rush rope,
Chur&wuml;lwsch [saga]. Stokes finally refers [súanem] to a stem-root
[*sogno-] beside [segno-] (whence E.Ir. [sén], a net for catching
birds, gin, root [segh], hold, Eng. [sail]), Lit. [segù], fasten,
[saga], sledge.
This divorces [suaineadh] from G.
[suaicean] and [sùgan], q.v. Cf. W. [hwynyn], [hoenyn], a hair from a
horse's tail, gin.
suaip
, a faint resemblance; from Sc. [swaup],
[swap], cast or lineaments of the countenance, Norse [svipr],
likeness, look, a swoop or flash.
suaip
, exchange, swop; from the Sc. [swap],
Eng. [swop].
suairc
, civil, meek, so Ir., E.Ir.
[suarc(c)]; opposed to [duairc]: [*su-arci-]:
suaiteachan
, wagging (tails) (Suth.); from
[suath]?
suanach
, a hide, skin, fleece, coarse
garment, "plough rein" (Suth.); cf. Ir. [sunach], a kind of plaid:
suarach
, insignificant, careless, Ir.
[suarach]: [*svogro-], root [sveg], [sug], Ger. [schwach], weak,
[siech], sick, Eng. [sick]. Cf. Eng. [sour], Ger. [sauer], [*sûra].
suas
, up, upwards, Ir. [suas], O.Ir. [súas]:
[*s-uas], from [uas], as in [uasal], and the prefix [s-], allied to
the final
s
of Lat. [abs], [ex], Gr.
&ecom;/x
,
prós
, etc.,
and the initial
s
of Lat. [sub], [super];
possibly for [*ens], Gr.
e&icom;s
, from
[en], and meaning "into", "to" (Rhys' [M. Pray.]
2
156).
suath
, rub, mix, knead, Ir. [suathaim],
knead, mix, M.Ir. [súathaim] (do.), E.Ir. [suata], polished down, root
[sout], [sut], mix; cf. Eng. [seethe], Norse [sjóða], cook, seethe,
Got. [suaths], a burnt offering.
sùbailte
, supple; from the Eng.
sùbh
,
sùbhag
(
suibheag
or
sui'eag
, Dial.) a
raspberry,
subh
, fruit generally (Arg.), Ir.
[suibh], a strawberry, [sughog], raspberry (Fol.), O.Ir. [subi],
fragae, W. [syfi], strawberry, Br. [sivi]; a side form to root
[su&gcurly;] as in [sùgh]. Cf. Gr.
&ubcom;/fear
, a kind of mistletoe.
subhach
, merry, so Ir., E.Ir. [subach], O.Ir.
[sube], joy; opposite of [dubhach]: [*so-bv-io-], "well-being", from
root [bu], be (see [bu], etc.).
subhailc
, virtue, Ir. [subhailce]
([súbhailc], Con.), O.Ir. [sualig], virtus, [sualchi] (pl.):
[*su-alich] (Asc., Zim.
1
54), root [al] of
[altram] (Dr Cameron).
suchd
, sake, account (M`A.):
sud
(Dial.
sid
), yon, Ir.
[súd], E.Ir. [sút], [siut], illud, illic, W. [hwnt] ([h-wnt]), other,
yonder, Br. [hont]; from the root of [so]; [sud] = [s-út] (Rhys).
Also [ud].
sùdh
, a seam between the planks of a ship;
from Norse [súð], a suture (only used for the clinching of a ship's
boards), from [sýja], sow, Eng. [sew], [suture].
sùg
,
sùgradh
, mirth, Ir.
[súgadh], [súgradh], E.Ir. [sucach]:
sùg
, suck, imbibe; from Sc. [souk], [sook],
Eng. [suck], Ag.S. [súcan]. See [sùgh].
sugan
,
corra-shugain
, the
reflection of rays of light from any moving luminous body from the
roof or wall of a house:
sùgan
, a rope of twisted straw, Ir. [súgán],
[suagan], straw or hay rope, [suag], a rope (O'R.): [*souggo-], root
[soug] of [suaineadh], q.v. Hence
suigean
, a cirle
of straw ropes in which grain is kept in a barn.
sùgh
, juice, sap, also (as vb.) drain, suck
up, Ir. [súgh], [súghaim], E.Ir. [súgim]: [*sûgô], suck, [*sûgo-],
juice; Lat. [sûgô], suck; Ag.S. [sûcan], Eng. [suck], [soak]. W. has
[sug], juice, [sugno], suck. [súg], [súch], W. [sug], from Lat.
[sucus] (Stokes).
sùgh
, a wave (A.M`D.), motion of the waves
(H.S.D.); root [sup], swing, Lit. [sùpti], swing, Lat. [dissipo],
scatter?
sùicean
, a gag for a calf; founded on [sùg],
Sc. [sook].
suidh
, sit,
suidhe
, a
seat, sitting, Ir. [suidhim], E.Ir. [suidim], [sudim], O.Ir.
[suidigur], [suide], a seat: [*sodeiô], [*sodio-n], root [sed], sod,
W. [seddu], [sedd], Br. [azeza], sit; Lat. [sedeo]; Gr.
&ebcom;/zomai
,
&ebcom;/dos
,
a seat; Eng. [sit], [seat]; Lit. [se@?de@?ti]; Skr. [sádati],
[sā/dati], sit, set.
sùil
, eye, Ir., O.Ir. [súil]: [*sûli-s],
allied to [*sâvali-s], sun, W. [haul], [heul], sun, Cor. [heuul], Br.
[heaul]; Lat. [sôl], sun; Gr.
&cbcom;lios
,
(= [sāvélios]), sun; Got. [sauil], sun; Lit. [sáule] (do.).
suilbh
, cheer, hospitality, geniality:
[*su-lubi-], root [lubh], please, love, Lat. [libet], Eng. [love]. It
influences the meaning of
suilbhir
, originally
"eloquent".
suilbhir
, cheerful, so Ir., M.Ir. [suilbir],
O.Ir. [sulbir], eloquence, E.W. [helabar], now [hylafar], eloquence:
from [su-] or [so-] and [labhair], speak: "easy-spoken".
suim
, a sum, Ir. [suim], W. [sum], M.Eng.
[summe]; from Lat. [summa], sum, chief.
suim
, attention, respect, Ir. [suim]; a
metaphoric use of [suim], sum (Dr Cameron).
suipeir
, a supper, Ir. [suipéir]; from the
Eng.
suire
, a maid, nymph, Ir. [súire] (O'Cl.), a
siren ([suire], O'B., Lh., etc., mermaids); from Lat. [siren], with
leaning on [suirghe], courtship? Teh word is doubtful Gaelic; H.S.D.
finds only an Ossian Ballad to quote.
suiridhe
, a courting,
suiridheach
(better
suirtheach
or
suireach
, M`A.), a wooer, so Ir., also [surighim],
I woo, M.Ir. [suirge], wooing, [suirgech], procus: [*su-reg-], root
[reg], direct, etc.?
sùist
, a flail, Ir. [suist(e)], M.Ir. [sust],
[suiste], W. [ffust], N. [thust], [sust], flail; from Lat. [fustis],
club.
sùith
, soot, Ir. [súithche], M.Ir. [suithe],
O.Ir. [suidi], fuligine, W. [huddugl] (cf. [hudd], dark), Br. [huzel]
(Fr. [suie]): [*sodio-], root [sed], sit, settle; Eng. [soot], Ag.S.
[sót], Norse [sót]. Doubtful.
sùlair
, the gannet; from Norse [súla],
[súlan], the gannet, whence Eng. [solan-goose].
sulchar
, cheerful, affable; side-form of
[suilbhir]?
sult
, fat, fatness, joy, Ir. [sult], E.Ir.
[sult]: [*sultu-], root [svel]; Ag.S. [swellan], Eng. [swell]; Lat.
[salum], sea; Gr.
sálos
, tossing.
sumag
, cloth below a pack-saddle; ultimately
from L.Lat. [sauma], pack-saddle, whence Fr. [sommier], mattress, Eng.
[sumpter].
sumaich
, give the due number (as of cattle
for pasture); from Sc. [soum].
sumaid
, a billow, Ir. [sumaid] (O'R. and
M`L.,
sùmaid
); seemingly from Eng. [summit]. The
G. also means "external senses" (H.S.D.).
sumain
, summon, a summons; from the Eng.
sumainn
, a surge, billow; see [sumaid].
sumair
, the drone of a bagpipe:
sùmhail
, close-packed, tidy; opposite of
[dòmhail], q.v.
sunais
, lovage - a plant, Ir. [sunais]; also
siunas
:
sunnd
,
sunnt
, good humour,
cheerfulness, Ir. [sonntach], merry (O'Cl., O'B.), [sonnda], bold,
[súntaidh], active, E.Ir. [suntich], (O'Cl., O'B.), [sonnda], bold,
[súntaidh], active, E.Ir. [suntich], spirited: [*sondeto-], Eng.
[sound]?
sunnag
, an easy-chair of twisted straw:
supail
, supple (M`A.); from the Eng.
sùrd
, alacrity, cheerfulness; cf. W.
[chwardd], laughter, Corn. [wherzin], ridere; root [sver], sing,
speak; Eng. [swear], Lat. [susurrus], whisper, etc. M.Ir. [sord],
bright ([*surdo-]), is referred by Stokes to the same origin as Lat.
[serenus].
surrag
, vent of a kiln; cf. [sòrn].
surram-suain
, a sound sleep; [surram],
snoring noise as of one asleep:
susbaint
, substance, Ir. [substaint]; from
Lat. [substantia].
sùsdal
, a bustling, pother, affected shyness:
suth
, anything (Dial.), Ir., E.Ir. [suth],
weather; root [su], produce, E.Ir. [suth], milk; Gr.
&ubcom;/ei
, it rains; as in [sùgh], q.v. Further
allied is root [su], beget, O.Ir. [suth], offspring, Eng. [sun].
suthainn
, eternal, Ir. [suthain], O.Ir.
[suthain], [suthin]; from [su], [so-] and [tan], time, q.v.;
[sú-tan-ìs] (Stokes [see]).
ta
,
tha
, is, Ir. [tá],
E.Ir. [tá], is, [táim], I am, O.Ir. [táu], [tó], sum, [tá], [táa],
est, especially [attáa] (at the beginning of a sentence), est (=
[ad-tât], Lat. [adsto]) and [itá], [itáa], "in which is": [*tâjô],
[*tâjet], root [stâ], stand; Lat. [stô], [stat], stand, Fr. [été],
having been; Ch.Sl. [stoja@?], I stand; further Eng. [stand], Gr.
&ibcom;/stcmi
(for
sí-stāmi
), set, Lat. [sisto]. See [seas]
further.
tabaid
, fight, brawl; Br. has [tabut] of like
force; see [sabaid]. Cf. Sc. [debate].
tàbar
, a tabor, Ir. [tabár]; from the Eng.
tabh
, teh sea, ocean; from Norse [haf], Swed.
[haf], Dan. [hav], the open sea, Ag.S. [haef]. From Norse also comes
the Sc. (Shet.) [haaf], open sea.
tàbh
, a spoon-net; from Norse [háfr], a
pock-net.
tabhach
, a sudden eruption, a forcing, a
pull, Ir. [tabhach], sudden eruption, compulsion, [tobhachaim], I
compel, E.Ir. [tobach], levying, distraint, from [dobongaim]: for root
see [buain].
tàbhachd
, substantiality, effectiveness, Ir.
[tábhachd], M.ir. [tabhuchta] (Meyer):
tabhair
, give, so Ir., E.Ir. [tabraim], O.Ir.
[tabur], do, post-particle form of [dobiur], now G.
bheir
, q.v.: inf.
tabhairt
, so Ir.
See [thoir].
tabhal
, a sling, Ir. [tabhall], E.Ir.
[taball], W. [rafl], a cast, [taflu], jacere, Cor. [toula], Br.
[taol], a cast, blow: [*taballo-], root [tab], to fire, sling; cf.
Eng. [stab].
tàbhairn
, an inn, tavern, Ir. [tabhairne];
from Lat. [taberna], Eng. [tavern].
tàbharnach
, noisy (Suth.):
tabhann
, barking, Ir. [tathfan]: [*to-sven-],
root [sven], sound (see [seinn]).
tàbhastal
, tedious nonsense:
tac
, a lease, tack; from Sc. [tack].
tacaid
, a tack, tacket, Ir. [taca]; from the
Eng.
tacan
, a while, short time; from [tac].
tacar
, (
tàcar
, H.S.D.),
provision, plenty, support, Ir. [tacar], a collection, gleaning,
contrivance. Cf. N. [taka], income.
tachair
, meet, happen, Manx [taghyrt], to
happen, an accident, Ir. [tachair], he arrived at; from [to-] and
[car], turn.
tàcharan
, a ghost, yelling of a ghost, an
orphan, Ir. [tacharán]:
tachas
, itching, scratching, Ir. [tochas]:
tachd
, choke, Ir. [tachdaim], O.Ir.
[tachtad], angens. Stokes gives the root as [tak] and refers to it
also W. [tagu] (and [ystagu]), choke, Cor., Br. [taga]. Brugmann and
Ascoli analyse [tachd] into [to-acht], root [angh], Lat. [ango],
choke, Gr.
&acom;ghw
, Eng. [anger]. Root
[tak] as in Lat. [tacere] (Prellwitz).
tachras
, winding yarn, Ir. [tocharais],
[tochardadh], M.Ir. [tochartagh]: [*to-cert-], root [qert], wind, as
in [ceirtle].
tacsa
,
tacas
(Dial.),
support, substance; cf. [taic].
tàdh
, a ledge, layer; cf. [spadh].
tadhal
, frequenting, visiting, Ir. [tadhall],
O.Ir. [tadal], dat. [tadíll], inf. of [taidlim], [doaidlibem],
visitabimus, [adall], diverticulum:
[*to-ad-ell], form
[*elnô] (Stokes), go, M.W. [elwyfi], iero, Corn. [yllyf], eam, root
[ela], Lat. [ambulare], walk, Gr.
&ecom;laúnw
, drive, proceed; likely also Fr.
[aller], go.
tadhal
, goal, hail; from Eng. [hail].
tagair
, plead, Ir. [tagair] (imper.),
[tagraim], E.Ir. [tacraim], O.Ir. [tacre], argumentum: [*to-ad-gar-],
root [gar], as in [goir], [agair].
tagh
, choose, Ir. [toghaim], O.Ir. [togu],
eligo, electio: [*to-gusô], root [gus], choose, taste; Lat. [gusto],
taste; Gr.
geúw
, taste; Eng. [choose].
taghairm
, noise, echo, a mode of divination
by listening to the noise of water cascades, Ir. [toghairm], summons,
petition, O.Ir. [togairm], invocatio; from [to-] and [gairm].
taghan
, the marten:
tagradh
, ghost (Suth. R.D.):
taibhs
,
taibhse
, an
apparition, ghost, Ir. [taibhse], vision, ghost, M.Ir. [tadhbais],
phantasma, O.Ir. [taidbse], demonstratio, [tadbat], demonstrat,
[*tad-bat] or [*to-ad-bat], root [bat], show, see, speak, I.E. [bhâ],
[bhan] as in [bàn], q.v. Gr.
fántasma
,
Eng. [phantasm], and [phantom] are closely allied to the G.
taibid
, a taunt; see [teabaid].
taibse
, propriety of speech: "precision",
E.Ir. [tepe], cutting; see [teabaid].
taic
, support, proximity, Ir. [taca], prop,
surety, fastening, [toice], prop, wealth, [tacamhuil], firm, [aice],
support, food, near, M.Ir. [aicc], a bond, E.Ir. [aicce],
relationship: [*akki-], [*pakki-], root [pak], bind; Lat. [paciscor],
agree, [pax], peace; Eng. [fang], Got. [fahan], seize: Zend [paç],
bind. The root is a triplet -- [pak], [pag], [pagh] (Gr.
pc/gnumi
, make fast, Lat. [pango], Eng. [page],
etc.). Zimmer refers E.Ir. [aicce] to the root of [agus], [aig].
taidhe
, attention, heed, Ir. [uidh], O.Ir.
[oid], [óid], [con-ói], servat: [*audi-], root [av], watch, Lat.
[aveo], desire, [audeo], dare, Skr. [av], favour (see [àill] further).
The
t
of G. is due to the phrase "Thoir taidhe"
(= [thoir do aidhe]) - Take thy heed: a phrase to which the word is
practically restricted, and which accounts for the short vowel of the
G. and Ir., the sentence accent being on the verb.
taidheam
, meaning, import; see [oidheam].
taifeid
, a bow-string:
taig
, attachment, custom; cf. [aig], at.
taigeis
, haggis; from Sc. [haggis], O.Fr.
[hachis], Eng. [hash], from [hack].
taighlich
, chattels (Heb.); a side form of
[teaghlach].
tail
, substance, wages,
taileas
, wages, Ir. [táille], wages, M.Ir. [taile],
salarium, W. [tâl], payment, Cor., O.Br. [tal], solvit, root
[tal], [tel], take, hold; Gr.
tálanton
, a talent, Eng. [talent],
telos
, toll; Lat. [tollo], lift, Eng. [thole],
etc.
tailce
, strength, Ir. [talcánta], strong,
E.Ir. [talce], [tailce]: [*t-alkiâ], root [alk], strong, Gr.
&acom;lkc/
, strength,
&acom;léxw
, defend.
tailceas
, contempt; cf. [tarcuis].
tàileasg
, backgammon, chess, Ir. [táibhleis],
backgammon table, back-gammon, M.Ir. [taiflis], draught-board, tables,
W. [tawl-fwrdd], draught-board; from M.Eng. [tables], backgammon, from
[table], Norse [tafl], game, chess.
tailebart
, halberd; from the Eng. The Ir.,
M.Ir. is [halabard], which Stokes regards as derived from the Fr.
[hallebard].
taileas
, wages; see [tail].
tailgneachd
, prophecy; for [tairgneachd],
q.v.
tàille
, apprentice fee, premium (M`A., who
has
tàilleabh
); see [tail].
tàille
,
tàilleabh
(M`A.),
consequence,
air tàille
, on account of; cf. M.Ir.
[a haithle], after, [as a haithle sin], thereafter, O.G. [as á
áthle], thereafter (B.of Deer), [aithle], remnant.
tàillear
, a tailor, Ir. [tailiur], W.
[teiliwr]; from the Eng., M.Eng. [tailor], [taylor], from Fr.
[tailleur].
tailm
, a tool, sling, noose, Ir. [tailmh], a
sling, E.Ir. [tailm] (do.), W. [telm], laqueus, Br. [talm], sling:
[*talksmi] (Stokes); Ch.Sl. [tlŭka@?], strike.
tailmrich
, bustle, noise; for [*tairmrith],
E.Ir. [tairmrith], transcursus, from [tairm-], cross, trans (see
[thar]), and [ruith], run.
tailp
, a bundle, bunch (Sh., O'R.):
tàimh
, death, mortality, Ir. [táimh], E.Ir.
[tám], plague: [*tâmo-], death; cf. Skr. [támyati], choke, Ch.Sl.
[tomiti], vexare. Cf., however, [tàmh], rest.
taimhlisg
, traduce (Carm.):
tàin
, cattle, drove, Ir. [táin], cattle,
spoil, E.Ir. [táin]: [*to-ag-ni], root [ag], drive, Lat. [ago], etc.
taing
, thanks; from the Eng. [thank].
tainneamh
, thaw (Arran), Manx [tennue], Ir.
[tionadh], O.Ir. [tinaid], evanescit, root [ten] as in [tana]. See
[aiteamh].
taip
, a mass, Ir. [taip]; see [tap].
tàir
, contempt, Ir. [táir], E.Ir. [tár]; for
[*to-shár]; see [sár].
tàir
, get, obtain, come, Ir. [tair], come
thou, E.Ir. [tair] (do.), [tair], venies; from [tairicim], I arrive
at, come, catch, for [*to-air-ic], root [ic] of [thig], q.v.
tairbeart
, an isthmus, peninsula:
[*tar-bertâ], from [tar] (see [thar], cross) and [ber] of [beir]:
"cross-bringing, portage".
tairbhe
, profit, so Ir., O.Ir. [torbe]:
[*to-for-be], where [-be] comes from [*bv-iâ], root [bu], be (see
[bu]).
tairbheartach
, profitable, so Ir., E.Ir.
[tairbert], yielding, giving up: [*to-air-ber-], from the berb [beir],
bring.
tairbhein
, surfeit, bloody flux (Carm.):
tairg
, offer,
tairgse
, an
offer, Ir. [tairgim], [tairgsin], E.Ir. [tairgim], [tharscin] (dat.):
[*to-air-ges-], root [ges], carry (Lat. [gero], as in [agus]? Ascoli
compares O.Ir. [taircim], affero, [tairciud], oblatio, tribuere, from
[to-ad-ro-ic], root [ic] of [thig].
tairgneachd
,
tailgneachd
,
tairgire
, prophecy, Ir. [tairrgire], [tairgire],
prophecy, promise, O.Ir. [tairngire], promissio: [*to-air-ind-gar-iâ],
root [gar] as in [goir].
tairiosg
, a saw; see [tuireasg].
tairis
, the dairymaid's cry to calm a cow:
cf. O.Ir. [tairissim], sto, [*to-air-sess], from [sess] as in [seas],
q.v.
tairis
, kind, loving, Ir. [tairis], loyal,
E.Ir. [tairisse], true, loyal: "stable", from [to-air-sess], from
[sess], stop, stand, as in [seas], q.v.
tairisgein
, peat-spade; see [toirsgian].
tairleas
,
turlas
, cupboard
or aumrie (Perth): Sc. [tirless], lattice, wicket, Fr. [trellis].
tairm
, necromancy (Sh., O.R.); see
[taghairm].
tàirneanach
, thunder, Ir. [tóirneach],
[tóirn]; see [torrunn] for root, etc.
tàirng
,
tarrang
, a nail,
Ir., E.Ir. [tairnge]; from [tarruing]?
tais
, soft, Ir. [tais], E.Ir. [taise],
[tasse], weakness: [*taxi-], soft (Gaul. [Taxi-magulus]?), root
[tak], weak, melting, Gr.
takerós
(do.),
tc/kw
, melt; further Lat. [tabes], Eng.
[thaw]. Bezzenberger suggests Gr.
tágcnon
, a melting pot, saucepan.
taisbean
, reveal, Ir. [taisbeanaim], E.Ir.
[taispenim], [taissfenim], O.Ir. [asfenimm], testificor, [doairfenus],
exploravi; the old Gaelic root is [fen], [ben], which may be cognate
to Gr.
faínw
(see [taibhse]). Zeuss
regarded the
s
as put before the
b
by metathesis, the word being of the same origin as
[taibhse].
taisdeal
, a journey, [taisdil] (Cars.),
journey (v.imp.) Ir. [taisdiol]: [*to-asdel], [*ad-sod-], root [sod-],
as in [astar].
tàisealan
,
taisealan
(M`E.), saints' relics, E.Ir. [taisse]:
taisg
, deposit, store away,
tasgaidh
, depository, Ir. [taisgim], E.Ir. [taiscim],
[doroisecht-sa], id deposui: [*to-ad-sec-], root [seq], follow,
beside, as in [seach], past; the idea of the verb being "put past".
(Ernault Zeit. Celt.
2
384. [segh]).
taisgeal
, finding of anything,
taisgealach
, a spy, Ir. [taiscealladh], spying,
betraying, M.Ir. [taiscelad], O.Ir. [taiscelaid], explorator, pl.
[taisceltai], [do-scéulaim], experior; from [to-scél-], from [sgeul],
story (Windisch). Hence
taisgealadh
, news.
taitheasg
, a repartee, Ir. [taitheasg],
[aitheasg] (O'Br., etc.), O.Ir. [taithesc], answer, [aithesc],
admonitio, W. [ateb], a reply: [*ati-seq], root [seq], say, as in
[sgeul].
taitinn
, pleasing, Ir. [taithneamhach], M.Ir.
[taitnemach], bright, shining, E.Ir. [taitnim], I shine, [taitnemach],
shining, O.Ir. [taitnem], lucina, light: [*taith-tennim],
[to-aith-tenn], root [ten] of [teine], fire (Windisch). Stokes
([Bez.Beit.]
18
, 112), divides [taitnem] into
[tait-] and [nem], Pictish [namet], albus.
tàl
, adze, Ir., O.Ir. [tál]: [*to-aglo-]
(rather [t-aglo-]?), Got. [aqisi], axe, Eng. [axe] (Strachan). Stokes
gives a pre-Gaelic [*tâkslo], root [tek], Ch.Sl. [tesla], axe, Lat.
[gelum] (= [tex-lum]), weapon, Gr.
téktwn
, carpenter; but [tek] does not appear to
have a side form [tâk], and [tâkslo-] would produce [táll] ([tôkslo],
Foy). But cf. Lat. [pâla], spade, for root, and for phonetics G.
[torc] and Lat. [porcus].
talach
, complaining, Ir. [talach], dispraise,
reproach:
tàladh
, enticing, hushing, caressing; from
Norse [tál], allurement, bait, trap, Ag.S. [tál], calumny, root [dâl],
[del], Lat. [dolus], guile,
dcléomai
,
hurt (Dor. [dāléomai]).
talainte
, a partition or dividing wall; from
Sc. [halland], [hallon]. Dial. G. has also
tallaid
.
talamh
, earth, so Ir., O.Ir. [talam], g.
[talman]: [*talmon-], for [t&ldot;-mon], root [tel]; Lat. [tellus], earth
(for [tēlō/s]), [*têl], flat; Gr.
tclía
, a board; Ag.S. [thelu], board (root
[tēl]); Skr. [talas], level ground; Ch.Sl. [t&ibreve;lo],
pavement (root [t&ldot;]). Stokes joins here Celtic [talo-s], brow,
Gaul. [Dubno-talos], [Argio-talos] (Pictish [Talorgan]), W. [tâl],
brow, Cor. [tâl], Br. [tal].
tàlan
, feats of arms, chivalry, Ir. [talan]
(O'B., Sh., etc.); see [tàlann] for origin.
tàlann
, a talent, Ir. [tallann], O.Ir.
[talland]; from Lat. [talentum], Eng. [talent].
tàlfuinn
, a hoe; from [tàl] and [fonn].
talla
, a hall, Ir. [alla], M.Ir. [all]; from
Norse [hall], [höll], Eng. [hall]: allied to G. [ceall], q.v.
talmaich
, honour (Carm.):
tàmailt
, an insult, offence, Ir. [támailt],
Br. [tamall], reproach, root [stemb], abuse, I.E. [sten&gcurly;o],
stamp, Gr.
stémbw
, shake, misuse, abuse,
stóbew
, scold, Eng. [stamp] (Stokes,
Jubainville [Rev.Celt.]
16
, 365).
tàmh
, rest, Ir. [támh], E.Ir. [tám]:
[*tâmo-], root [stâm], [sta], stand, Eng. [stand], [station],
[stamina]; see [seas]. Usually [tàmh], rest, and [tàimh], death, are
referred to the same root.
tamhasg
, blockhead, brownie; see [amhas].
For termination, cf. [ùruisg], [tannasg].
tamhladh
, a gulping movement (M`D.):
tamull
, a while, space of time, Ir. [tamall]:
[*to-ad-melno-], from [melno-], linger, Gr.
méllw
, linger (Stokes). See [mall].
tan
, time,
an tan
, when,
Ir. [tan], [an tan], O.Ir. [tan], [intain], [intan], quum, quando:
[*tanâ], time; Skr. [tan], duration, [tanâ], continually. root [tan],
[ten], extend, as in [tana], q.v.
tana
, thin, Ir., O.Ir. [tana], Cor. [tanow],
Br. [tanaw], but W. [teneu]: [*tanavo-], thin; Lat. [tenuis], thin,
[tendo], stretch; Gr.
tanaós
tanu-
, long, stretched,
teínw
, stretch; Eng. [thin], Ger. [dünn]; Ch.Sl.
[t&ibreve;nŭkŭ]; Skr. [tanú].
tànaiste
, next heir, tanist, anything second,
Ir. [tánaiste], lieutenant, second in command, heir apparent, O.Ir.
[tánaise], secundus, [imthanu], alternation, [innimthána], talionem:
[*to-atn-], root [at] of [ath], "re", Skr. [at], also [*at-s-men], of
[àm], time, q.v. (Strachan). Rhys ([Celt.Br.]
2
, 308) suggests connection with W. [tan], till, Lat.
[tenus], root [ten] (no root [tân]?).
tancard
, a tankard, Ir. [tancárd]; from Eng.
tannas
,
tannasg
, an
apparition, ghost; from the root of [tana]?
taobh
, a side, Ir. [taobh], E.Ir. [tóeb],
[táib], O.Ir. [tóib], W., Cor., Br. [tu]: [*toibos], root [steibh],
[sti], stiff, standing; Lat. [tîbia], shin-bone (pl.); Lit. [staibis],
post, shin-bone (pl.), [staibus], strong; Gr.
stifós
, strong; further Eng. [stiff], Lat.
[stipes], log.
taod
, a halter, cable, hair-rope, Ir. [téad],
a rope; see [teud].
taodhair
, an apostate, Ir. [taodhaire] (Lh.,
O'B.):
taodhal
, frequenting; see [tadhal].
taoghas
, the grave:
taoig
, a fit of passion (Sh., O'R.):
taois
, dough, Ir. [taos], E.Ir. [toes], O.Ir.
[táis], massam, W. [toes], Br. [taos]: [*taisto-], [*stejesto-], root
[staj], concrescere; Gr.
staís
(g.
staitós
), dough,
stéar
(g. [stéātos] for [*stājatos],
[*stāj&ndot;tos]); Lat. [stîria], a drop.
taoitear
, oversman, tutor (Sutherland, etc.);
from Lat. [tutor], Eng. [tutor]. See [saoitear].
taom
, pour out, empty (vb.), a jet, torrent
(n.),
taoim
, bilge-water, Ir. [taomaim]
([taodhmaim]), [taodhm] (n.), E.Ir. [tóem], a jet, [taeim], sentina,
O.Ir. [tuismiud], delivery, [*to-fo-ess-sem]: [*to-ad-sm-men], root
[sem], let go, from [sê], Lit. [semiù], draw (as water), Lat.
[simpulum], ladle (Stokes). Cf. O.Ir. [teissmim], I pour out (=
[to-ess-sem-im]). Borrowing from Norse [tómr], empty, Eng. [toom], is
not to be thought of.
taom
, a fit of rage, Ir. [taom] (O'B., etc.),
M.Ir. [taem]:
taosg
, a pour, rush, exact full of a liquid
measure, Ir. [taosgaim], I drain, pour out, E.Ir. [tóesca], spilling,
[taescaire], a baler, pumper: [*to-ad-sem-sko-], root [sem] as in
[taom]?
taosnadh
, horseplay (R.D.):
tap
, tow or wool on the distaff, forelock,
"busk a hook", (Arg.), Ir. [tap], [tapán]; from M.Eng. [top], tuft of
hair or flax, top, Sc. [tap].
tapaidh
, clever, active, so Ir., E.Ir.
[tapad], suddenness, alertness, [top], sudden; from the same root as
[obann] (Stokes).
tap-dubh
, tattooo (R.D.).
taplach
, a wallet, repository, Ir.
[taplaigh]; for [tap-lach], from [tap], tow, etc.
tarachair
, augur, so Ir.; for [tarathar].
See [tora].
taraid
, truncheon or staff of authority
(Hend.):
taran
, the ghost of an unbaptised infant
(Sh., O'R.); for [tacharan]?
tarbh
, a bull, Ir. [tarbh], E.Ir. [tarbh], W.
[tarw], Corn. [tarow], Br. [taro], [tarv], Gaul. [tarvos]: [*tarvos];
Lat. [taurus]; Gr.
ga&uibre;ros
(=
tárfos
); Pruss. [tauris], buffalo, Ch.Sl.
[turŭ], auroch. Prellwitz thinks the Celtic not allied to Gr.
ta&uibre;ros
, etc., which he refers to the
root [tau], [tu] ([stû] gives Eng. [steer]).
tarcuis
, also
talcuis
,
contempt. Ir., M.Ir. [tarcuisne], E.Ir. [tarcusul]:
targadh
, ruling, governing, assembly (Lh.,
etc.), Ir. [targadh]:
targaid
, a target, Ir. [targáid]; from Eng.
targair
, foretell, Ir. [tairrghirim]; see
[tairgneachd].
tàrladh
, it happened; see [thàrladh].
tàrlaid
, a slave, thrall; from Eng. [varlet]?
tàrmachadh
, producing, originating, source,
dwelling, Ir. [tórmach], an increasing, a growing ripe for bearing,
magnifying, O.Ir. [tórmach], an increase: [*to-for-mach], root [mag],
power (Eng. [may], [might], etc.).
tàrmachan
, a ptarmigan, Ir. [tarmochan]; Eng.
[ptarmigan] is hence (Skeat). Also [tarman], from [tarm], murmur
(Carm.):
tarmachan-dé
, white butterfly (Carm.):
tàrmus
, dislike of food: [*to-air-meas]; see
[meas].
tàrnach
, thunder-clap; see [táirneanach].
tàrnadair
, inn-keeper; from L.Lat.
[tabernator], tavern-keeper, Lat. [taberna], Eng. [tabern].
tarp
, a clod, lump (Sh., O'B., etc.), Ir.
[tarp], [tarpán]; from Norse [torf], a turf, sod, Eng. [turf].
tàrr
, lower part of the belly, tail, breast,
Ir. [tárr], belly, lower part of the belly, E.Ir. [tarr], W. [tor],
Br. [tor], O.Br. [tar]: [*tarsâ], [tarmsâ]; Sc. [thairm], belly, gut,
Eng. [tharm], Ger. [darm], bowels; Gr.
trámis
, tail, entrail, hip joint. Stokes gives
the Celtic [*targsâ], allied to Lat. [terbus], back.
tarrag
, a nail; see [tàirng].
tarruing
, pull, draw, so Ir., E.Ir.
[tairrngim]: [*to-air-rengim], from E.Ir. [ringim], hang, tear, from
[reng], a nasalised form of [reg], stretch (see [ruighe]).
tarraid
, also
tèarraid
,
sheriff officer, tipstaff (Dial.); see [earraid].
tarsuinn
, transverse, across, Ir. [tarsna],
[tarsa], [trasna], M.Ir., E.Ir. [tarsnu], across; from [tar], across
(see [thar]), and [sainn] of [ursainn], q.v.
tart
, thirst, Ir., O.Ir. [tart]:
[*tar(s)to-]; Eng. [thurst], Ger. [durst], Gr.
térsomai
, become dry; Lat. [torreo], burn,
[tostum] ([*torstum]), Eng. [toast]; Skr. [tarsh], thirst, Zd.
[taresh]; I.E. [ters], dry.
tartan
, tartan; from Eng., Sc. [tartan], from
Fr. [tiretain], linsie-wolsie.
tartar
, noise; reduplication of root [tar],
[tor] in [tòirneanach].
tàsan
, tedious discourse or scolding, Ir.
[tasanach], tedious, slow (Lh. marks it obsolete and queries meaning):
tasdan
, a shilling; from Sc. [testan],
[testoon], a silver coin of the 16th century with Mary's head
([teste]) on it, the "inglis testane" being worth 8 shillings Scots,
Eng. [tester], worth 6d; originally so called from the coins of Louse
XII. (1500) with his head ([teste], Fr. [tête], head) on them.
tasgaidh
, depository, a treasure: "A
thasgaidh" - Thou treasure; see [taisg].
tataidh
, attract, attach one to oneself,
tadadh
(inf.),
taiteadh
(Perth),
tame: [*tad-dam], root [dam] of [aidich].
tàth
, cement, join (M`F., Lh.), Ir.
[táthaim], [táth], solder or glue, W. [todi], construc, join:
[*táto-], [*stâto-], constitute, root [sta], stand?
tathaich
, visit, frequent, tendency to vomit
(Hend.), Ir. [tathuighim], M.Ir. [aithigim]; formed form the prep.
[aith], back, rather than a compound of [tiagaim] as in [imthich], our
[imich] (that is, [*ati-tig-], go back again). Stokes prefers root
[at], go, formerly discussed under [tànaiste].
tathunn
, barking; see [tabhunn].
té
, a woman, femal, she, Ir. [an tí], she
who, [an té], he who (O'Donovan says either means "he or she who" or
"person who"), O.Ir. [intí] is(qui), [indí] ea(quae), [aní] id(quod):
the article and the enclitic particle [-í], for which see [nì], and
cf. [tì], he who.
tè
,
tèa
, insipid, slightly
fermented; from root of [teas]; cf. [tepid].
teabaid
, a taunt, repartee (Dial.),
teab
, a flippant person's mout (M`A.),
teibidh
, smart: "cutting", E.Ir. [tepe] ([to-aith-be],
Stokes), a cutting, O.Ir. [taipe], concisio, brevitas: [*tad-be] (=
[to-ad-be]), reduced root [be], cut, [imdibe], circumcisio, etc., root
[bi], [bin], as in [bean], touch, q.v.
teach
, a house, Ir. [teach], O.Ir. [tech],
[teg], g. [tige], W. [ty], Cor. [ti], O.Br. [teg], [tig], [ti], now
[ti]: [*tegos], g. [teges-os]; Gr.
tégos
, roof,
stégw
,
cover; Lat. [tego], cover, [tectum], house; Eng. [thatch],
Ger. [dach]; Lit. [stë/giu], cover; Skr. [sthagati], cover. See
[tigh] for usual nom. case.
teachd
, coming, arrival, Ir. [teachd], O.Ir.
[techt], aditus, itio, W. [taith], iter, Br. [tiz], diligence, haste:
[*tiktâ], root [stig], [teig], as in [tighinn], q.v. Some derive it
from [thig] or [tig], q.v. Hence
teachdaire
,
messenger.
teachd
, legal, lawful, M.Ir. [teachta],
[téchta], O.Ir. [téchte], fitting, legalis, lex: [*tenctio-], root,
[tenq], become, chance, produce, Eng. [thing], Lit. [tenkù], chance,
befaull, Lat. [tempus]. Dial. form
deic
,
cha deic
, q.v.
tèachd
,
teuchd
, silly
boasting (Arg.).
teadalach
, slow, dilatory:
teadhair
, a tether; from Sc., Eng. [tether],
[tedder], Norse [tjóðr], [tjor], Swed. [tjuder].
teagair
, collect, provide, shelter, Ir.
[teagar], provision, shelter, [teagarach], warm, snug, [teagairim],
store, provide; cf. [eagar].
teagamh
, doubt, suspense; see [theagamh].
teagasg
, teaching, so Ir., E.Ir. [tecosc]:
[*to-aith-cosc-], for which see [caisg].
teaghlach
, family, household, so Ir., O.Ir.
[teglach], W. [teulu], O.W. [telu], Corn. [teilu], familia:
[*tego-slougo-], from the stems of [tigh] and [sluagh]. The
terminations [-lach] from [*slougo-s] makes abstract collective nouns,
which are used for single objects or persons; as [òglach], young man,
really "youth", or "young-people", just as "youth" is also used in
Eng. as a concrete noun - "a youth".
teallach
, hearth, forge, Ir. [teallach],
E.Ir. [tenlach], [tellach]: [*tene-lach], from [teine], fire, and
terminal [-lach] (see [teaghlach]).
teallaid
, a lust or bunchu woman (M`F.):
teamhaidh
, pleasant, Ir. [teamhair],
pleasant, Tara, E.Ir. [temair], delightful, omnis locus conspicuus:
[*stem-ri-]?
teamhair
, time (Suth.): Lat.?
teamhall
, slight swoon or stun, Ir.
[teimheal], darkness, O.Ir. [temel] (do.), Skr. [támas], Lit.
[tamsa], Lat. [tenebrae], [temere], rashly.
teampull
, temple, church, Ir. [teampoll],
O.Ir. [tempul], W. [teml], Corn. [tempel]; from Lat. [templum].
teanacadh
, deliverance, succour,
teanacas
, healing: [*tind-ioc], from [ìoc], heal.
teanchair
, pincers, smith's thongs, Ir.
[teanchoir], tongs, pincers, O.Ir. [tenchor], forceps: [*ten-cor],
"fire-putter", from the stem of [teine], fire, and [cor], seen in
[cuir], put.
teanga
,
teangadh
, a
tongue, Ir. [teanga], O.Ir. [tenge], gen. [tengad]: [*tengot-], from
[sten&gcurly;h], sting (Eng. [sting], Ger. [stengal], stalk),
which is from [zd&ndot;&gcurly;h], from [d&ndot;&gcurly;h], whence
Lat. [dingua], Eng. [tongue]? Stokes ([Academy], Oct 1891) has
compared Lat. [tango] (so Windisch, [Scot.Celt.Rev.], 34). Rhys has
considered the probabilities of alliance with W. [tafod], Corn.
[tavot], Br. [toed], older [teaut] ([*tebâto-]) in [Manx Pray.]
2
, 136-7.
teann
, tight, tense, near to, Ir. [teann],
O.Ir. [tend], W. [tyn], tight, stretched: [*tendo-]; Lat. [tendo], I
stretch, [tentus], stretched (Stokes, [Rev.Celt.]
13
, 12f); in any case from root [ten] of [tana].
Foy gives [sten]; N. [stinnr], rough, hard. Cf. Gr.
stenós
.
tearb
, separate, Ir. [tearbadh] (O'Cl.),
severance, M.Ir. [terpúd], E.Ir. [terbaim], [terbud]: [*ter-be-],
Gadelic reduced root [be], cut, for which see [teabaid]?
tearc
, scarce, rare, Ir. [tearc], E.Ir.
[terc]: [*ter(s)qo-s], rare, root [ters], dry (as in [tart]); Lat.
[tesqua] (= [tersquo-s]), deserts.
tearmann
, a sanctuary, protection, so Ir.,
M.Ir. [termain], [termonn], W. [terfyn]; from Lat. [termo(n)],
[terminus], end, "end of race for life by reaching church lands" or
[Termon landes] (Ducange).
tearr
, tar, Ir. [tearr]; from M.Eng. [terve],
Norse [tjara].
tèaruinn
, save, escape,
tèarnadh
(inf.), Ir. [tearnaim], E.Ir. [térnaim],
[ternam], an escape, [érnaim], I escape: [*es-rn-], root [&rdot;n], Eng.
[run]?
teas
, heat, Ir. [teas], O.Ir. [tess], g.
[tesa], W., Corn. [tes], Br. [tez]: [*testu-], for [*tepstu-], root
[tep], burn, heat; Lat. [tepeo], be warm, Eng. [tepid]; Ch.Sl.
[teplo], hotly; Skr. [tap], be hot, Zd. [tap], burn. See, also from
[tep],
teine
,
teth
. Hence
teasach
, fever.
teasairg
, save, deliver, Ir. [teasargaim],
O.Ir. [tessurc], servo, [dumesurcsa], defendo me: [*to-ess-arc], root
[ark], defend: Lat. [arceo], ward off; Gr.
&acom;rkéw
(do.). See [adharc].
teasd
, die, Ir. [teasdaighim], die, fail,
M.Ir., O.Ir. [testa], deest, fails; [*to-ess-tá], from [tá], I am.
Cf., for force, Lat. [desum].
teasdam
, I preserve, help (Carm.):
teasg
, cut, cut off, Ir. [teasgaim], E.Ir.
[tescaim]: [*to-ess-sc], root [sec], cut, Lat. [seco], Eng. [saw].
teibideach
, irresolute: "halting, failing";
cf. Ir. [tebim], disappoint, fail, for which see [theab].
teich
, flee, Ir. [teithim], E.Ir. [techim],
O.Ir. [teichthech], vitabundus, W. [techu], skulk, M.Br. [techet],
flee: [*tekô], [*tekkô], flee, I.E. root [teq-], flow, run; Ch.Sl.
[teku], a run, Lit. [tekù], flow; Skr. [taki], runs, Zd. [taka-],
course.
teididh
, wild, fierce (H.S.D.), wild fire
(M`A.):
telg
, a fishing line: "a cast", from [tilg],
cast, Ir. [teilgean], casting?
teilinn
, msical instrument,
teilig
, a chord (Carm.), W. [telu] or [telyn], harp.
Cf. [seillean].
teilleach
, a blub-cheeked fellow (Dial.); cf.
[meilleach].
teine
, fire, Ir. [teine], O.Ir. [tene], g.
[tened], pl. [tenti], W. [tân], Cor., Br. [tan] (in proper names also
[tanet]): [*tenet-], [*tenos], Celtic root [te], from [tep], hot, as
in [teas], q.v. Not for [*te(p)ne-], as usually said, which would
give [téine] now, nor [*tepsne-], which would produce [tenne] now;
[teine-sionnachain], phosphorescence, [teine-fionn], will o' the wisp
(Suth.).
teinn
, calamity, strait; an abstract nounn
from [teann].
teirig
, fail, be spent, die,
teireachduinn
(inf.), Ir. [teiricim] (O'B.), E.Ir.
[tarnic], it ended, from [*tar-ic], transire ([tar], across, and [ic]
or [nic] of [thig], [thanig]). Atkinson joins it with [tairicim],
arrive (= [to-air-ic-]), as in [tàir], but the meanings scarcely suit.
teiric
, hake, herring hake (Carm.):
teirinn
,
tèarn
, descend,
Ir. [tearnaim], [túrnaim], E.Ir. [tairnim], O.Ir. [tairnnud],
dejectio (= [to-air-innud]), from [*endô], go, root [end], [ed], I.E.
[ped], go (Eng. [foot], Lat. [pes], etc., G. [uidhe], q.v.).
teirisi
! the dairymaid's cry to calm a cow;
see [tairis].
teirm
, a term, Ir. [tearma], earlier, [térma]
(F.M.); from M.Eng. [terme], from Lat. [terminus] through Fr.
tearmasg
,
tiormasg
, a
mistake, mischance; cf. [eirmis]. Here [te] may be for [de], on the
analogy of [to], [do].
téis
, a musical air; see [séist] for
derivation.
teismeid
, last will and testament; from Lat.
[testamentum].
teis-meadhon
, the exact or very middle;
[teis] = [to-ess], as in [teasairg].
teist
, testimony, Ir. [teisd], [teist], O.Ir.
[teist], W. [tyst], Br. [test]; from Lat. [testis], Eng. [test], etc.
teó
,
teódh
, make warm;
from [teò-], q.v. The Ir. verb is [teighim], inf. [téaghadh].
teò-
, warm,
teò-chridheach
, warm-hearted; [*tepu-], Skr. [tapus],
hot, root [tep] as in [teth]. Cf. Keating's ([Three Shafts], 282),
[teó-ghrádhuigheas], qui ardentius amat, where Atkinson considers
[teó] a comparative.
teòm
, a doel (Carm.):
teòma
, skilful, expert,
teòm
, cunning (Carm.):
teth
, hot, Ir. [teith], comp.
teotha
(G. and Ir.), M.Ir. [te], comp. [teou]: [*teps]
(?), root [tep], hot, as in [teas]. The O.Ir. is [tee], [té],
fervidus, pl. [téit], from [*tepents], g. [*tepentos], Lat. [tepens].
teuchd
, congeal, be parched, Ir. [teuchdaim],
curdle, coagulate, M.Ir. [téchtaige], frozen, O.Ir. [coiteichtea],
concretionis: [*tenkto-], from I.E. [tenq], firm, fast; Eng. [tight],
Ger. [dicht], close.
teud
, a string, Ir. [teud], [téad], O.Ir.
[tét], fidis, W. [tant]: [t&ndot;tâ], chord; Skr. [tântu], [tánti], cord:
root [ten], stretch, thin, as in [tana].
teugmhail
, battle, contest, disease, Ir.
[teagmháil], a meeting, retribution: [*to-ex-com-dháil], see
[comhdhail]. In the sense of "disease", see [eugail].
teum
, a bite, sudden snatch, wound, E.Ir.
[temm], W. [tam], a bite Corn. [tam[, pl. [tymmyn], Br. [tamm]:
[*tendmen], root [tend], cut; Lat. [tondeo], shear, [tineo], a worm;
Gr.
téndw
, gnaw; Ch.Sl. [te@?ti],
caedere.
thà
, is; see [tà]. The aspiration is due to
the use of [tà] in relative sentences, where the
t
is intervocalic.
thàinig
, came, Ir. [thánaic], [tháinig],
vēnit, O.Ir. [tánic], [ránic], vēnit, [tânac], vēni:
[*ananka], I have come - a reduplicated perfect; Skr. [ânamca], has
reached; Gr.
&ccom;/negke
, brought: root
[enk], [nak] ([nank]), attain, bring, for which see [thig]. The
aspiration is due to the analogy of other perfects which follow [do].
thairis
, over, across, Ir. [tairis], E.Ir.
[tairis], over it, him; from [tar] ([thar]) and [sé] or [é], he, it.
The aspiration is, due to a suppressed, or supposed suppressed, [do]
or
a
.
thall
, over, beyond, Ir. [thall], O.Ir.
[thall], [tall]: [*t-all], O.Ir. [ol], quam, [indoll], [altarach],
ultra, [al], ultra; root [ol], [el], [ol], Lat. [ille] (= [olle]),
[alius]. Also
eile
, other, which see. The form
thallad
stands for [thall-ud].
thalla
, come, come along, "age",
thallaibh
(pl.), E.Ir. [tallaim], take away, [*talnô],
root [tel], bear (see [tlàth], [tail], etc.). Also interjection:
thalla! thalla!
well! well!
thar
, across, Ir. [tar], O.Ir. [tar], [dar],
W. [tra-], over, [trach], beyond, root [ter], through, past, Lat.
[trans], [terminus]; Skr. [tar-], pass; I.E. [ter], pass through,
bore. See [tora], [troimh].
thàrladh
, accidit, Ir. [tarla], E.Ir.
[dorala], [dorla], O.Ir. [tarla]: [*to-ro-la], the [la] being the
remains of root [plu], as in [dol] (Ascoli).
theab
, nearly did (with inf.), Ir. [do theib
sé], he failed (O'B.): "grazed" it, from [*tebb], graze, cut, as in
[teabaid]?
theagamh
, mayhap, perhaps, O.Ir. [tecmaing],
accidit, [tecmang], eventus, [do-é-cm-aingim], accido, for
[*to-ex-com-ang], root [ang], near, as in [cumhang], q.v. Meyer takes
O.Ir. [ecmaing] from [ad-com-bangim], [bang] root of [buain]. It has
also been referred to root [mang], [mag], Eng. [may], etc.
théid
, will go, Ir. [téid], goes, O.Ir.
[téit], venit, it: [*to-éit], [*entô], [*pentô], go, reach, root
[pet], [pent], go, fly, fall; Lat. [pet], seek, "fall on"; Gr.
píptw
, fall; Got. [finþan], Eng. [find].
their
, will say; see [deir].
thig
, will come, Ir. [tigim], come, E.Ir.
[tic], [ticc], venit, O.Ir. [ticfa], veniet: [*tó-icc], from [icc],
[*enkô], come, reach, root [enk], [nak], [nank], attain, bring; Gr.
&ccom;/negka
, brought (= G.
thàinig
), a reduplicated perf. from
egk
; Skr. [ānamça], attained; further
[nank] of [adhlac] and Lat. [nanciscor].
thoir
, give, G., Ir.
tabhair
, give thou, q.v. The G. is for [toir], a
crushed form of [tabhair], and this is aspirated on the analogy of
[bheir], [gheibh], and especially of [thug], its past tense.
thud
, an interjection of dislike or
impatience: Sc. [hoot], hoot-hoot, Swed. [hut], whence Eng. [hoot].
The G. is borrowed.
thug
, bave, brought, Ir. [thug], [thugas]
(1st pers.), E.Ir. [tuc], [tucas], [do-fuc], from [uc], [ucc],
[*ud-ge], from [s-] aorist [*e-ges-s-t], [*e-ges-s-m], root [ges],
carry, Lat. [gero], [gessi] (Zimmer, [Zeit.]
30
156-7); whence also W. [dug], he bore, Cor.
[duk], Br. [dougas].
thugad
,
thugaibh
,
thuige
, etc., to thee, to you, to him; for [chugad],
etc., q.v. Similarly
thun
is for
chun
,
gun
,
gu
,
q.v
thun
with gen. is for [chum].
tì
, any one, person, Ir. [tí], person, [an
tí], [an té]; see [té], [nì].
tì
, intention, Ir., E.Ir. [tí]; [ar ti] =
intends (Glenmassan MS.):
tiachair
, perverse, ill-disposed, sick, a
dwarf, Ir. [tiachair], perverse (O'Cl., Lh., O'B.), M.Ir. [tiachair],
troublesome, E.Ir. [tiachaire], affliction, peevishness:
tiadhan
, a little hill, small stone, Ir.
[tíadhan], a stone, testicle:
tiamhaidh
, gloomy, lonesome, Ir. [tiamdha],
dark (O'Cl.), E.Ir. [tiamda], dark, afraid:
tiarmail
, prudent; cf. [tìorail].
tibirt
, fountains (Uist; Hend.); see
[tiobart].
tìde
, time; from Icel. [tíð], Sc., Eng.
[tide], Ag.S. [tíd], Ger. [zeit].
tigh
(for
taigh
), a house,
Ir. [tigh], O.Ir. [teg], [tech]; see [teach].
tighearn
,
tighearna
, lord,
master, Ir. [tighearna], O.Ir. [tigerne], W. [teyrn], O.W. [-tigern],
Cor. [teern], O.British [tigernus]: [*tegerno-s], [tegernio-s], root
[teg] of [tigh], q.v.
tighil
, call when passing (M`A.); the
t
being as in [tigh], the word seems a variant of
[tadhal].
tighinn
, coming, Ir. [tighim], I come, E.Ir.
[tiagaim], O.Ir. [tiagu], [tíchtu] ([tíchtin]), adventus: [*tigô],
[*teigô], from root [stei&gcurly;h], [sti&gcurly;h], go; Gr.
steíhw
, walk; Got. [steigan], ascend, Ger.
[steigen], Eng. [stair]: Skr. [stighnute], stride.
tilg
, cast, cast out, vomit, Ir. [teilgim],
O.Ir. [teilcim]: [to-es-leic], "let out", from the original of G.
leig
, let, q.v.
till
,
pill
, return, Ir.
[tillim] (Keating), [fillim], [pillim] (O'B.) (Ulster has [till]):
[*svelni-], turn round, W. [chwylo], turn, revolve, [chwyl], a turn,
course, while (for which see G.
seal
). Cf. [fill].
tìm
, time; from the Eng.
timchioll
, around, a circuit, so Ir., O.Ir.
[timchell]: [*to-imm-cell], from I.E. [qel], move, go; Lat. [colo],
tend, [celer], swift; Gr.
pelomai
, go,
be,
&acom;mfípolos
, attendant; Skr.
[cárâmi], move, go. See [buachaill].
tinn
, sick, Ir. [tinn], E.Ir. [tind]:
[*tenni-], root [ten] of [tana], [teann], [teinn]. Cf. O.Ir.
[tinaim], evanesco, Lat. [attenuo], Eng. [attenuate].
tinne
, a chain, link, piece of a column,
M.Ir. [tinne], flitch, E.Ir. [tinde], ring, link, bar, O.Ir. [tinne],
chalybs; from the root [ten] of [tana]. Cf. Norse [þind], diaphragm.
tioba
, a heap (Arg.); from Eng. [heap] or G.
[iob]? ++
tiobart
, a well, O.G. [tiprat] (gen.,
B.of Deer), Ir. [tiobar], [tiobrad], E.Ir. [tipra], d. [tiprait],
[*to-aith-brevant-], Celtic verb [*bervô], seethe, boil; Gr.
fréar
,
fréatos
, a
well; Ger. [brunnen], Eng. [burn]. See [tobar].
tiodhlac
, a gift, Ir. [tiodhlacadh], E.Ir.
[tidnacul], O.Ir. [tindnacul], traditio, [do-ind-naich], distribuit:
[to-ind-nank-], root [nank], bring, get, Lat. [nanciscor], obtain;
also root [enk] as in [thig], q.v. Hence also
tiodhlaic
, bury, and
adhlac
, q.v.
tiolam
, a short space, a snatch:
tiolp
, snatch, grasp eagerly, Ir. [tiolpaim]:
tiom
, soft, timid, G. [tioma], tenderness,
Ir. [time], fear, E.Ir. [tim], soft, timid, [timme], fear: [*temmi-],
root [tem], faint, Lat. [timeo], fear, Eng. [timid]; Skr. [tam], to
faint, Zd. [tam], perish.
tiomnadh
, a will or testament, Ir. [tiomna],
O.Ir. [timne]: [*to-imm-ne], the
n
of [ne] being
the remains of [-ân-], mandare, mittere (Ascoli); cf. O.Ir. [adroni],
deposuit, [immeráni], delegavit, G.
àithne
,
command, q.v.
tiompan
, a musical instrument - a cymbal, Ir.
[tiompán], tabor, cymbal, drum, E.Ir. [tiompan], a small stringed
instrument; from Lat. [tympanum], a timbrel, drum (Windisch). The
difference of meaning between E.Ir. and Lat. has caused some to doubt
the connection; and Stokes gives the Celtic root as [temppu-], a chord
or string, Lit. [tempiù], stretch, Ch.Sl. [te@?etiva], chorda.
tiomsach
, collecting, bringing together, Ir.
[tiomsughadh], E.Ir. [timmsugud]: [*to-imm-sag-], root [sag] as in
[tionnsuidh], q.v.
tionail
, gather, Ir. [tionólaim], O.Ir.
[tinólaim], [tinolaim], [do-in-ola], applicat: [*to-in-ōla-im],
where [ōla] is referred by Stokes to [*oklo-], [*polko-],
joining, uniting, Ger [fügen], to fit, [füge], joint; Lat. [paciscor],
bargain, bind; Skr. [pā/ças], a knot, Zd. [paç], bind. Ascoli
regards it as [*to-in-od-lu], root [lu], [plu] of [dol], but [*od-lu-]
would rather mean "go out", "go off". W. [cynull], gathering, Corn.
[cuntell], O.Br. [contullet], are, according to Ernault, borrowed from
Lat. [contuli].
tionnail
, likeness of any person or thing:
[*t-ionnail], from [ionnan], like.
tionndadh
, turning, Ir. [tiontodh], O.Ir.
[tintuith], g. [tintuda] [tintathigh], interpretes: [*to-ind-sout-],
root [su] of [iompaidh], q.v.
tionnscainn
, a beginning, devising,
tionnsgal
, ingenuity, Ir. [tionnscnadh], a beginning,
device, plotting, [tionsgiodal], managing, industry, O.Ir. [tinscnaim]
(= [to-ind-scannaim]), I begin, [tindscetal], a beginning, root
[sqend], start, spring, Lat. [scando], ascend, Skr. [skandati], hurry,
spring. The W. has [cy-chwyn], ortus ([*sqenô]). The form [-scetal]
is for [sqen-t-] (?).
tiop
, pilfer (M`A.); cf. [tiolp].
tìor
, dry (as corn), kiln-dry, Ir. [tiortha],
kiln-dried (Con.), M.Ir. [tírad], kiln-drying, E.Ir. [tír], to dry;
from the root of [tioram] (O.Ir. [tírim]).
tìorail
, warm, cosy, sheltered, Ir.
[tíoramhuil], cosy; W. [tirion], pleasant, a familiar abject; cf. Ir.
[tíoramhuil], [tíorthamhuil], homely, national, from [tír]. Dr
Cameron regarded it as taken from the root of [tioram], which is
ultimatley the same as that of [tìr]. Borrowing from Eng. [cheerful]
is unlikely.
tioram
, dry, Ir. [tirim], M.Ir. [tirimm],
O.Ir. [tírim], [tír] (vb.): [*tersmi-], root [ters], dry, as in
tart
, q.v. See also [tìr] for phonetics.
tiorc
, save, deliver from peril: [*t-erc-],
[*to-arki-], root [ark] of [teasairg], q.v.
tiort
, an accident:
tiosan
, water-gruel; from Eng. [ptisan], Lat.
[ptisana], barley water, from Gr.
ptisánc
.
tiot
,
tiota
,
tiotan
, a moment, while; cf. Ir. [giota], something
small, jot, appendage, from Lat. [iota], whence Eng. [jot]. Gaelic is
[t-iot].
tìr
, land, earth, Ir., O.Ir. [tír], W.,
Corn., Br. [tir], tellus, la terre: [*têros] ([*têres-]); Lat. [terra]
([*tersâ]), Oscan [teerum], territorium. The further root is [ters],
be dry, as in [tart]; the idea of [tír], [terrâ], is "dry land"
opposed to sea.
tit
, an interjection expressive of wet being
perceived suddenly (H.S.D.): Eng. [chut]?
tiugainn
, come, let us go; from deaspirated
[thugainn], "to us", for [chugainn], q.v.
tiugh
, thick, Ir. [tiugh], E.Ir. [tiug], W.
[tew], O.W. [teu], obtuso, Corn. [tew], Br. [teu]: [*tegu-], thick;
Eng. [thick], Norse [þykkr], Ger. [dick]; Gr.
stegnós
, fast, tight.
tiurr
, a beach out of reach of the sea; for
[an t-iurr], from Norse [eyrr], a gravelly bank by a river or a
promontory, Swed [ör], Dan. [örr].
tiur
, mark of
sea on shor, tear, stamp (Carm.).
tlachd
, pleasure, so Ir., M.Ir. [tlacht]:
[t&ldot;-ko-], "willing", from [toil], will, q.v. O.Ir. [todlugud],
petitio, [tothlaigim], I desire, is from [*tloq-], of [altach].
tlàm
, teaze (wool), handful of wool.
Strachan and Stokes give the stem as [*tlagm] (read [tlâg-s-m-])
allied to Ger. [flocke], flock of wool, Eng. [flock].
tlàth
, mild, smooth, Ir. [tlaith] ([tláith],
O'B.), [tlath], E.Ir. [tlaith], W. [tlawd]: [*tlâti-],
"long-suffering", from [tel], bear, endure; Gr.
tlctós
, [tláw], endure; Lat. [tollo], raise,
[tuli], [lâtus] (for [*tlâtus]), borne; Eng., Sc. [thole].
tlìgheachd
, liquid, spume: [t-lighe]?
tlus
, pity, tenderness, M.Ir. [tlusach],
wealthy, W. [tlws], jewel (Stokes), E.Ir. [tlus] (S.n.R.); from root
[t&ldot;], [tel] of [tlàth], q.v.
tnùth
, envy, Ir., E.Ir. [tnúth]; from the
root [ten], stretch: "grasping"?
to-
,
do-
, verbal prefix =
to, ad, Ir., O.Ir. [to-], [do-]. Stokes compares Gothic [du-] to,
from [þu] (?). W. has [du-], [dy-],
y
, Cor.
[dhi], Br. [do], [da].
tòbairt
, flux, diarrhœa spasms:
[to-fo-od-ber-t], root [ber] of [beir].
toban
, wreath of wool or flax on a distaff;
from Sc. [tappin].
tobar
, a well, Ir. [tobar], O.Ir. [topur],
fons: [*to-od-bur], root [bhur], [bhru], to well, boil; Gr.
fúrw
, mix; Lat. [ferveo], well, Eng. [fervid];
Skr. [bhur], move quickly: further see root [bhru] in
bruith
, and [bhrev] in
tiobar
. Some
have referred
tobar
to the root [ber] of [inbhir],
[abar] ([obair]).
tobha
, a rope, from Sc. [tow], rope, Eng.
[tow], pull, Norse [tog], rope, Lat. [duco].
tobhta
,
tota
, turf,
roofless walls, knoll; from Norse [toft], [topt], a clearing, a space
enclosed by roofless walls, Eng. [toft], [tuft], and [top].
tobhta
,
tota
, a rower's
bend; from Norse [þopta].
toch
, hough or thigh of an animal: [*t-hoch],
from the Sc. [hough].
tochail
, dig, Ir. [tochuilim], [tochlaim]:
[*to-cladh]; see [cladh].
tochar
,
tochradh
, dowry,
ir. [tochar], M.Ir. [tocra], (acc.); cf. O.Ir. [tochur], placing,
from [cuir], put. The idea is "something assigned to one". Hence Sc.
[tocher].
tòchd
,
tòch
, an unpleasant
smell,
tòchar
or
tàchar
, dense
volume of smoke (Arg.); root [stou], as in [toth].
tòchd
, a disease of the eye in cattle; cf.
Sc. [hock] (H.S.D.). ++
tochmharc
, a wooing, so
Ir., O.Ir. [tochmarc]: [*to-com-arc]; see for root [iomchorc].
tocsaid
, a hogshead; from the Eng.
todan
, small tuft of wool (Lewis); N.
[toddi], a tod of wool. So Badenoch.
todhar
, manure, a bleaching, seaweed for
manure, Ir. [tuar], a bleach-green, [tuarachan], a bleacher:
todhlair
, mastiff, better [tobhlair]:
tog
, raise,
togail
,
liftin, Ir. [tógaim], [tógbhail], E.Ir. [tócbaim]: [*to-od-gab-im-],
from [gab],
gabh
, take, q.v.
togair
, desire, Ir. [togairim], please,
choose, G. inf.
togradh
, Ir. [togra]:
[*to-od-gar], root [gar] of [goir].
toghaidh
, attention, care (H.S.D.); a variant
of [taidhe].
toghlainn
, exhalation (M`A.); cf. [tòch].
toithbheum
, reproach, blasphemy, Ir.
[toibhéim], blemish, reproach, E.Ir. [toibeim]: [*to-béim], from
[béim], that is, [beum], q.v.
toic
, wealth, riches, Ir. [toice]; cf.
[taic].
tòic
, a swelling, a puffed up state of the
face:
tòiceil
, purse-proud; from [tòic].
toichiosdal
, arrogance (Sh., O'B.); see
[tostal].
toigh
, agreeable, cordi (mihi est),
docha
, preferable,
is docha leam
, I
prefer, O.Ir. [toich], acceptus, [tochu], acceptior: [*to-gus-], root
[gus], choose, as inn [tagh]. It has also been analysed as [*do-]
[sech], or [*do-fech], roots [seq], [veq]? Stokes derives this from
[*togi-s], root [tag], take, Lat. [tango], etc.
toil
, will, Ir. [toil], O.Ir. [tol]: [*tolâ],
root [tel], take, lift, endure; Lat. [tollo], [tolero]; Eng. [thole],
[tolerate], etc. See [tlachd], [tlàth].
toill
, deserve, Ir. [tuillim], O.Ir.
[tuillim], [atroilli], [asroille], meruit, later [do-sli], meruit,
from [sli] (Thur., Strachan).
toimhseachan
, a riddle, Ir. [toimseachán], a
riddle, measure; from [tomhas], q.v.
toimhsean
, good sense,
toimhseil
, sensible (Suth.); from [tomhas].
toinisg
, understanding:
toinn
, twist; from Norse [tvinna], twinne,
twist thread, Eng. [twine].
toinneamh
, the miller's share of meal for
grinding (S. Argyle):
tòir
,
tòrachd
, pursuit,
Ir., E.Ir. [tóir], Ir. [tóruigheachd], [tóireacht]: [*to-fo-racht],
root [reg] of [éirich]. Rhys agrees. Cf. O.Ir. [toracht],
successus, processus (= [to-racht]), [tíarmóracht], pursuit
([*to-iarm-fo-racht]). From Ir. [tóruighe], pursuer, comes Eng.
[Tory].
toirbheart
, efficiency, bounty, Ir.
[toirbheart], gift, munificence; see [tairbheartach] for the roots.
tòirleum
, a mighty leap; cf. E.Ir.
[tairlingim], jump out of, jump off, alight, [turlaim] (inf.):
[*to-air-ling-], for which see [leum]. Hence
tòirlinn
, alight (M`A.).
toirm
, a noise, Ir. [toirm], [tormán], E.Ir.
[toirm], [tairm]: [*tor-s-men], root [tor] of [torrunn]. Cf. W.
[twrf], [tyrfan], tumult, Lit. [tarme@?], declaration. Cf. [seirm],
[foirm].
toirmisg
, forbid, so Ir., M.Ir. [tairmiscim],
prohibit, hinder: [*tarmi-sc], from [tarmi], the composition form of
[tar], across, and [sc] or [sec], say, as in [caisg].
toirn
,
toirne
, a great
noise, sound, Ir. [tóirn]; root [tor] of [torrunn].
toirnichte
, foetid, "high" (Wh.):
toirp
, a sod (M`A.); from Norse [torf], Eng.
[turf].
toirrcheas
, conception (Bible):
toirsgian
, a peat-cutting spade,
toirpsgian
(M`A.); a hybrid from Norse [torf], turf,
peat, and G. [sgian]. Cf. Norse [torf-skeri], peat-cutter.
toirt
, respect, value, taste, Ir. [toirt],
quantity, value:
toirt
, giving; for [tabhairt]. See
[tabhair], [thoir].
toiseach
, the beginning, front, Ir. [tosach],
O.Ir. [tossach], initium. See the next word.>>
tòiseach
, a beginning, a chief, Ir.
[toiseach], a captain, O.Ir. [tóisech], praestans, leader, W.
[tywysog], dux, princeps, Welsh Ogmic [tofisac] and [tovisaci] (Lat.):
[*to-vessiko-s], root [ved], lead, bring; Lit. [wedù], lead, Ch.Sl.
[veda@?], duco; Zd. [vádhayeiti], bring, lead. O.Ir. has also
[do-fedim], I lead.
toisg
, an occasion, opportunity, Ir. [toisg],
circumstances, state, journey, business, M.Ir. [toisc], business,
O.Ir. [toisc], necessity: [*to-sech], root [seq], follow, as in
[seach].
toisgeal
, the left, unlucky:
toisgeal
, reward for finding a lost thing;
see [taisgeal].
toit
, smoke, fume, Ir. [tóit], M.Ir. [tutt],
smoke: [*tutto-], root [tu], [stu], Eng. [steam]? See [toth].
toitean
, a little heap; from Eng. [tuft]. In
the sense of "piece of flesh", Ir. [tóiteán], this is from
tóit
, roast, smoke (see [toit]), scarcely to be derived
from Fr. [tôt], hastily roasted, from Lat. [tostus].
tolg
,
tulg
, a hollow in
metal, dent, Ir. [tolc], hole, crevice, E.Ir. [tolc], W. [tolc].
Rhys says W. is borrowed.
toll
, a hole, Ir., E.Ir. [toll], W. [twll],
Br. [toull]: [*tukslo-], root [tuk], pierce, punch; Gr.
túkos
, hammer; Ch.Slav. root [tuk], pierce,
[is-tŭknati], effodere, [tŭkalo], cuspis.
toll-dhubh
, tollbooth, a gaol; from the Eng.
tolm
, a hillock of round form; from Norse
[hólmr], a holm, islet, "inch", Sc. [holm], Eng. [holm], Ag.S. [holm],
mound, billow, Ger. [holm], hill.
tom
, a hillock, Ir. [tom], M.Ir. [tomm], W.
[tom], Br. [das-tum], to heap: [*tumbo-], hillock; Gr.
túmbos
, cairn, mound, Eng. [tomb]; Skr. [tunga],
high, hight; further Lat. [tumulus]. W. [tom] has been regarded as
from the Eng. [tomb]. But [stom], Skr. [stamba], "busch".
tomad
,
tomult
, bulk; see
[somalta].
tomh
, offer, threaten, M.Ir. [tomaithim],
O.Ir. [tomad], g. [tomtho], minationes: [*to-mat-], root [mat], throw,
Lit. [metù], throw.
tomhas
, measure, so Ir., O.Ir. [tomus]:
[*to-mus], where [mus] ([*messu-]) comes from root [met], [mê],
measure; Lat. [mêtior], [mensus], Eng. [measure]; Gr.
métron
, a measure. Allied is G. [meas], q.v.
tomult
, bulk; also
tomad
.
Cf.
somalta
, large, bulky:
tòn
, anus, Ir., E.Ir. [tón], W. [tin]:
[*tuknâ], [tûkno-] (Welsh), root [teuk], Ag.S. [þeóh], Eng. [thigh],
Teut. [*theuha-] (Strachan, ATokes); from root [tu], swell.
tonn
, a wave, Ir., E.Ir. [tond], O.Ir.
[tonn], W., Corn. [ton], Br. [tonn]: [*tunnâ], root [tu], swell; Lit.
[tvanas], a flood, [tvinti], swell; further Lat. [tumeo], swell, Eng.
[thumb]. Stokes gives the Celtic as [*tundâ], Ag.S. [þeótan], howl,
Norse [þjóta], whistle (as the wind, etc.). Some have correlated it
with Lat. [tundo], beat, root [tund], [tud], Skr. [tud-], push. ++
tonn
, ++
toinnte
, skin, Ir. [tonn],
hide, skin, E.Ir. [tonn], skin, surface, W. [tonn], cutis, Br.
[tonnenn], rind, surface, hair of the head: [tunnâ], skin, hide,
whence possibly Low Lat. (9th cent.) [tunna], a cask, "wine-skin",
now Eng. [ton].
tonnag
, a wonam's shawl or plaid; from Lat.
[tunica]. Cf. M.Ir. [tonach], tunic.
tora
, augur, Ir. [tarachair], E.Ir.
[tarathar], O.Cor. [tarater], W. [taradr], Br. [tarazr], [tarar]:
[*taratro-]; Gr.
téretron
; Lat.
[terebra]: root [ter], through, as in [thar].
toradh
, produce, fruit, so Ir., O.Ir.
[torad]: [*to-rad], from [*rato-], root [rat], [ra], give, as in
[rath], q.v.
toranach
, grub-worm, Ir. [torain], corn
maggots (O'B.), [torán] (Con., etc.); from [tor], bore, as in [tora]?
torc
, a boar, Ir., O.Ir. [torc], W. [twrch],
cor. [torch], Br. [tourc'h], O.Br. [turch]: [*t-orko-s], from
[*orko-], in
uircean
, q.v.: I.E. [porko-s], swine,
Lat. [porcus], Lit. [parsza-s], Eng. [farrow]. Stokes gives Celtic as
[*torko-s], Jubainvill as [*turco-s].
torc
, a cleft, notch (Carm.):
torcan
, species of bere, biforked corrot, Ir.
[turcan]? (Carm.):
torchar
, a fall, killing,
torchuir
(vb.), Ir. [torchair], fell, O.Ir. [torchar],
I fell, [doro-chair], cecidit, [ara-chrinim], difficiscor, root [ker],
Skr. [çar], break to pieces, [ç&rdot;nā/mi], break; see [crìon].
torghan
, a purling sound; from [tor] of
[torrunn].
tòrr
, a hill of conic form, heap, castle, Ir.
[tor], tower, castle, crest, E.Ir. [tor], [tuir], d. [turid], a tower,
W. [twr], Cor. [tur], Br. [tour]: [*turi-], [*turet-], I.E. root
[tver], hold, enclose, Lat. [turris], Gr.
túrsis
, tower. Some hold that the Celtic is
borrowed from Lat. G.
tòrr
, with [rr], is possibly
for [torth] (cf. [*turet-]). It also means "crowd" in G. and E.Ir.,
and "heap" also in W.
torrach
, pregnant, Ir. [torrach], pregnant,
fruitful, E.Ir. [torrach]: [*torth-aco-], from [*torato-],
toradh
, fruit, q.v. W. [torwy] big-bellied, has been
compared, from [tor], belly, G. [tàrr].
tòrradh
(
torradh
, H.S.D.),
burial, funeral solemnities, Ir. [tórradh], watching or waking of the
dead, E.Ir. [torroma], attending, watching:
torrunn
, thunder, Ir. [toran], a great noise,
E.Ir. [torand], thunder, W. [tarann], Cor. [taran], tonitruum:
[*toranno-s]; Gr.
tóros
, sound; Lit.
[tàrti], say. Gaul. [Taranis], the Gaulish Jove or Thor, and G.
[tàirneanach] show an
a
grade of the root.
tosd
, silence, so Ir., O.Ir. [tost]:
[*tusto-], root [tus], [teus], whence E.Ir. [tó], [tua], silent;
O.Pruss. [tussîse], silet, Ch.Slav. [tichu], silent; Skr. [tush],
silere, [tushnîm], silently.
tòs
, calm = clos
(Hend.).
tosg
, a tusk; from the Eng.
tosg
, a hack, gash, dent (Wh.):
tosg
, a peat-cutter (Dial.); from Sc. [tusk]
in [tusk-spawd] (Banff), [tuskar] (Ork. and Sh.), [tusk], cut peats.
Cf. Shet. [tushker], from N. [torfskeri], turf-cutter.
tosgair
, an ambassador or post, Ir. [toisg],
a journey, business. See [toisg].
tostal
, arrogance, Ir. [tósdal],
[toichiosdal] (O'B.), O.Ir. [tochossol], violation: [*to-con-sal],
from [sal], leap (see [tuisleadh])? Also
toichiosdal
.
tota
, rower's bench, turf; see [tobhta].
toth
, a foul blast of vapour, also
stoth
, q.v.; see [toit] for root.
trabhach
(
tràbhach
, M`F.),
rubbish cast ashore, the grass fiorin; from [tràigh]? Cf., however,
[drabhas]. [tràibheanach], bedraggled fellow (R.D.). Cf. Sc. [drab].
trabhailt
, mill-hopper (M`A.); possibly from
Lat. [trabula].
trachdadh
, negotiation, proposal, so Ir.;
from Lat. [tracto], treat.
trachladh
, fatique; from Sc. [trachle],
draggle, fatiguing exertion.
-KPD: Related to Co. Clare Anglo-Irish [trálach], pain in
wrist from overwork?
tradh
, a lance, fishing spear, Ir. [tradh],
lance, [treagh], spear; from the root [tar], [tra] (see [thar]),
through, Lat. [trâgula], a dart.
tràigh
, the shore, Ir. [tráigh], E.Ir.
[tráig]: [*trâgi-]; see [traogh].
tràill
, a slave, Ir. [traill] (O'B.), M.Ir.
[tráill] (not well known to glossographers); from Norse [þraell], Eng.
[thrall].
traille
, the fish tusk:
trait
,
tròidht
, a
poultice, cataplasm, rag, Ir. [treata] ([tréata], Con.), plaster:
tramailt
, a whim (M`A.):
trang
, busy; from Sc. [thrang], Eng.
[throng].
traod
, one wasting away with sickness
(Hend.); cf. Ir. (Keat. [traothaim], wear out, am weary.
traogh
, ebb, Ir. [tráighim], [traoghaim],
E.Ir. [trágim], W. [treio], ebb, [trai], ebb-tide, [traeth], shore:
[*trâgô], from [trâg], I.E. [tragh], draw, Lat. [traho], etc.; see
[troidh] for root.
traona
, the corncrake, Ir. [traona]; see
[trèan-ri-trèan].
trapan
, a cluster, Ir. [trapán]:
trasd
, across,
trasdan
,
cross beam, crozier, O.Ir. [trost], trabs, from [tar], [tra] of
[thar]. Cf. W. [trawst], rafter, which Stokes and Loth think to be
borrowed from Lat. [transtrum], as also O.Ir. [trost] mentioned
above. Sc. has [trast] or [trest], beam, from early Fr. [traste],
Lat. [transtrum].
trasg
, a fast, Ir. [trosgadh], O.Ir.
[troscud]: [*truskô], [*trud-skô], root [trud], distress, burden, Lat.
[trûdo], push, Eng. [threaten]. See [trod], [trom].
tràth
, time, season, Ir., E.Ir. [tráth]:
[*trâtu-], root [tra], [tar], through (see [thar]). Cf. W. [tro],
turn, time, Br. [tro], occasion, round; Eng. [turn].
tre
, through, Ir. [tré], [tre], E.Ir. [tré],
[tria], [tri], O.Ir. [tri], [trí], [tre], O.W. [troi], now [trwy],
Cor., Br. [dre], O.Br. [tre], [dre]: [*trei], [*tri], root [ter], pass
over, through; Lat. [trans], across; Skr. [tirás], through, over, Zd.
[tarô] (do.). See the root in [thar], [tora], [troimh]; also in Eng.
[through].
treabh
, plough, till, Ir. [treabhaim], E.Ir.
[trebaim], inhabit, cultivate, [treb], a dwelling, W. [tref],
homestead, O.W., O.Br. [treb]: [*trebo-], a house; Lat. [tribus],
[trebus], a tribe, Eng. [tribe]; Eng. [thorp]; Lit. [trobà],
dwelling, building. Hence
treabhair
, houses,
treibhireach
, prudent.
treabha
, a thrave; from Norse [þrefi], Eng.
[thrave].
treachail
, dig,
treachladh
(1) digging (2) fatiguing: [*tre-clad]; for (1) see [cladh] and cf.
[tochail]; from (2) cf. Sc. [trachle].
treaghaid
, a darting pain, stitch, Ir.
[treagh(d)aim], I pierce through, M.Ir. [treghat], pangs, smart,
[treaglad], transpiercing; Ir. [treagh], a spear: "piercing". See
[tradh].
trealaich
, lumber, trash, Ir. [trealamh],
lumber, apparel, instruments, E.Ir. [trelam], weapons, furniture,
apparel: [*tre-lam]; for [lam], see [ullamh].
trealais
, the spleen (M`F.):
trèalamh
, indisposition (M`F.):
trealbhaidh
, adult, grown-up (M`A. for
Islay):
treall
,
treallan
, a short
space or time, Ir. [treall], M.Ir. [trell], root [ter], through, Eng.
[thrill], pierce.
trèan-ri-trèan
, corn-crake, Ir. [traona]:
treann
, cut (Carm.):
treas
, third, Ir. [treas], O.Ir. [tress]:
[*tristo-], from [tris], thrice, Gr.
trís
, Skr. [tris], root [tri] of [tri], three.
W. [trydydd], third, is for [*tritijo-s].
++
treas
, battle, skirmish, Ir. [treas], E.Ir. [tress].
For root, cf. the next word.>> W. has [trîn], battle, bustle, [treis],
violence.
treasa
, stronger, Ir. [treas], strong,
[treise], stronger, O.Ir. [tressa], W. [trech], fortior, Br.
[trec'h]: [*treksjôs], fortior, root [treg], [streg], [sterg], strong,
Eng. [stark], Lit. [stre@?gti], stiffen, Pers. [suturg] ([*st&rdot;g]),
strong. Stokes refers it to the root [treg], [trag], draw, leap, as
in [troigh], [traogh]. See [treun] further; [treasa] is its
comparative really.
treasdach
, thorough-paced (of a horse); cf.
Ir. [trosdán], a pace, jump; root [treg], draw, walk, as in [troigh].
treasg
, refuse of brewed malt, groats, Ir.
[treasúmha], dross, copper dross, [treascach], draffy, M.Ir. [tresc],
refuse, offal: [*tre-sco]?
treibhireach
(
treibhdhireach
, Dictionaries), prudent, upright, O.Ir.
[trebar], prudent, M.Ir. [trebaire], prudence; from [treb] of
[treabh], q.v.
tréig
, forsake, Ir. [tréigim], E.Ir.
[trécim], W. [trancu], perish: [*trankjô], abandon, root [trak], push,
press, as in
dùrachd
(Stokes).
treis
, a while, space, also greis, Ir.
[treibhse], [dreibhse] (O'B.), [treimhse] (Con.); see [greis].
treis
, a while, space, also
greis
, Ir. [treibhse], [dreibhse] (O'B.), [treimhse]
(Con.); see [greis].
treisg
,
treisginn
,
weaver's paste, trash (M`A., Arg.), Ir. [treisgin] (con., etc.),
[dreislinn] (Monaghan); cf. Sc. [dressing].
treodhair
, a smith's nail mould, Ir.
[treóir], [treoir]; from [tre], [trem], through?
treòir
, strength, Ir. [treóir], conduct,
strength, M.Ir. [treorach], strong, E.Ir. [treóir], vigour:
[*treg-ri-], root [treg] of [treasa].
treòrich
, guide, Ir. [treóruighim], M.Ir.
[treoraigim]: [*trag-ri-], root [trag] of [troigh]?
treubh
, a tribe; from Lat. [tr&ibreve;bus], a
tribe. See [treabh].
treubhach
, valorous, strenuous,
treubhantas
, bravery; for [*treuntas], from which
[treubhach] is deduced. M`Kinnon ([Gael.Soc.Tr.]
13
, 341) refers it to [treubh], tribe.
treud
, flock, herd, Ir. [tréad], [treud],
E.Ir. [trét]: [*trento-], root [trem], Lat. [turma], troop, Ag.S.
[þruma], heap, company (Strachan, Stokes). Windisch has compared Gr.
stratós
([*str&ndot;tos]) to [treud].
treun
, brave, Ir. [treun], O.Ir. [trén],
fortis, W. [tren], strenuous, force: [*tregno-], root [treg] of
[treasa], q.v. Stokes gives the Celtic as [*treksno-], which would
produce [*tresno-], modern [treann].
tri
, three, Ir., O.Ir. [treí], W. [tri], Cor.
[try], Br. [tri]: [*treis]; Lat. [três] ([*trei-es]); Gr.
tre&iibre;s
; Got. [þreis], Eng. [three]; Lit. [trýs];
Skr. [tráyas].
triall
, going, journey, Ir. [tríall], E.Ir.
[triall]: [*tri-all], "go-through", root [ell] of [tadhal]?
trian
, third part, a third, Ir., E.Ir.
[trían], W. [traian]: [*treisano-]; see [treas], [tri].
triath
, lord, chief, E.Ir. [tríath]:
[*treito-s]. Stokes compares Lat. [trîtavus], [strîtavus], ancestor
in the 6th degree.
tric
, frequent, often, Ir. [tric], E.Ir.
[trice]: [*trekki-], root [treg] of [troigh] (Stokes, Strachan).
trid
,
trìd
, through, by,
Ir. [tríd], E.Ir. [trít], per eum, id: [*trei-t], from root [trei] of
[tre], through; the final [-t] is the demonstrative pron. [to] (Eng.
[that], Gr.
to
); a pron. [*em-ti],
[*en-ti] (Stokes).
trìd
, rag, clout, stitch; "Cha'n 'eil trìd
air":
trileanta
, thrilling, quavering; cf. E.Ir.
[trílech], song, O.Ir. [trírech], song of birds. Cf. Eng. [trill],
Ital. [trillare], Sp. [trinar]: an initiative word, Eng. [thrill] is
from the root [tre], [ter] (see [tora]), "piercing", which may also be
the ultimate origin of the G. words. ++
trilis
,
locks of hair, Ir. [trilis] (obs.), E.Ir. [triliss]; cf. Eng. [tress],
from Lat. [tricia], [trica], plait, Gr.
tríha
, in three parts, root [tri], three.
trill
, sand plover (Heb., Miss Freer):
trìlleachan
,
trìleachan
(
drilleachan
, M`A.), the pied oyster-catcher,
sea-piet:
trillsean
(
drillsean
,
M`A.), lantern, rush-light, a glimmer, Ir. [triliseán], torch,
lantern, earlier [trilsen], facula, [trillsech], sparkling:
"piercing", from [tre], [ter], as in [trileanta]?
trinnseir
, a plate, trencher, Ir. [trinsiur];
from Eng. [trencher].
trioblaid
, trouble, tribulation, Ir.
[trioblóid], E.Ir. [tréblait]; from Lat. [tribulatio], Eng.
[tribulation].
triobuail
, vibrate, quiver; from Eng.
[tremble]?
trionaid
, a trinity, Ir. [tríonóid],
[tríonoid], E.Ir. [trínóit], O.Ir. [trindóit]; from Lat. [trinitât-],
[trinitas], a trinity, from [tres], three. The Gadelic is developed
from [*trin(i)tâti-].
treubhas
, trews, trousers, Ir. [triús], M.Ir.
[tribus], O.Ir. [trebus], breeches, L.Lat. [tubrucus] (Isidor),
[tribuces] (Du Cange), "thigh breeches" (D' Arbois); from Sc. [trews],
Eng. [trooze], [trouses], now [trousers], trunkhose.
triùcair
, a rascal; from Sc. [truker],
[trukier], a deceitful person, from O.Fr. [tricher], to trick, allied
to Eng. [trick].
triuchan
, a stripe of distinguishing colours
in tartan:
triuthach
,
triuth
(M`F.),
hooping cough,
triogh
(M`A.), a fit of laughing or
coughing, Ir. [triuch], [trioch]: root [pster] of [sreothart]?
trobhad
, come thou hither to me; opposite of
thugad
: [*to-ro'-ad], [*to-romh-t], "to before
you"?
tròcair
, mercy, Ir., O.Ir. [trócaire], W.
[trugaredd], Cor. [tregereth], M.Br. [trugarez], O.W. [trucarauc],
merciful: [*trougo-karja], "loving of the wretched", from the roots of
[truagh] and [car], love.
trod
, a quarrel, scolding, Ir. [troid], M.Ir.
[trot], quarrel, combat, [trottach], quarrelsome: [*truddo-], root
[trud], distress, bother; Eng. [threat], Norse [þrjóta], fail, lack;
Lat. [trûdo], push, Eng. [obtrude]; Ch.Sl. [trudŭ],
difficulty.
trog
, raise,
trogail
,
raising, Manx [troggal], earlier [trogell]: [to-ro-od-gab], that is to
say,
tog
with the prep. [ro] inserted. See [tog].
Rhys ([Manx Pray.]
2
, 138) compares E.Ir.
[turcbál], a rising (as of the sun): [*to-for-gab-].
trog
, trash (Dial.), busy dealing,
tròg
, busy dealing, from Sc. [troke], to bargain,
barter, [trog], old clothes, [troggin], pedlar's wares, Eng. [truck],
from Fr. [troquer], barter, truck.
trogbhoil
, grumbling (M`A.),
trògbhail
, quarrel (Nich., [trogbhail], Arm., Sh.,
O'R.):
troich
, a dwarf; see [droich].
tròidht
, cataplasm, rags, shapeless worn shoe
(Skye); see [trait].
troigh
, misspelt
troidh
, a
foot, Ir. [troigh], O.Ir. [traig], g. [traiged], W. [traed], O.Cor.
[truit], pes, M.Br. [troat]: [*traget-] ([*troget-]?), foot, root
[trag], leap, draw, Gaul. [vertragos], greyhound; I.E. [tragh]; Got.
þragjan
, run, Ag.S. [þrah], course; Lat.
[traho], draw.
troileis
, any trifling thing; founded on Eng.
[trifles]?
troimh
, through, O.Ir. [tremi-], trans-,
super-: [*trimo-], from [tri] of [tre]. For the [mi] or [mh], cf.
[roimh], [comh-].
trom
, heavy, Ir. [trom], O.Ir. [tromm], W.
[trwm], Cor. [trom], Br. [troum]: [trud-s-mo-s], "oppressive", from
[trud], oppress, distress; Got. [us-þriutan], oppress, Eng. [threat];
Lat. [trûdo], push. See [trod] further. For other views, see Rhys'
[Lect.]
2
, 114, Zimmer [Zeit.]
24
, 208.
troman
, dwarf, elder, Ir. [tromán], O.ir.
[tromm], g. [truimm]; also G.
droman
(M`A.):
tromb
, the Jew's harp; from Sc. [trump]
(do.), Eng. [trump], from Fr. [trompe].
trombaid
, a trumpet, Ir. [trompa], L.M.Ir.
[trompadh]; from the Eng.
troraid
, a spire, steeple (M`F.); founded on
Eng. [turret].
trosdail
, dull, seriously inclined, Ir.
[trosdamhuil], serious, confident.
trosdan
, a crutch, support, Ir. [trostán],
crutch, pilgrim's staff, W. [trostan], long slender pole. See
[trasd] for root.
trosg
, a codfish, Ir. [trosg]; from Norse
[þroskr], Dan. [torsk], Ger. [dorsch].
trot
, trot,
trotan
,
trotting; from the Eng.
truacantas
, compassion, Ir. [truacánta]
(O'B.): [*troug-can-], "expressing pity", from [truagh] and [can],
say.
truagh
, wretched, pitiful, so Ir., E.Ir.
[trúag], O.Ir. [tróg], W. [tru], Corn. [troc], miser, Br. [tru], Gaul.
[Trôgos]: [*trougo-], miser, root [streug], rub, wear; Gr.
streúgomai
, am worn out, distressed; Ch.Sl.
[strugati], scratch, distress, Lit. [strugas], carving instrument;
Norse [strjúka], to stroke, Ger. [straucheln], stumble (Windisch,
Prellwitz). Stokes refers it to the root of Norse [þrúga], press,
[þrúgan], compulsion, O.H.G. [drûh], compes. From Celtic comes Eng.
[truant].
truaill
, a sheath, so Ir., E.Ir. [trúaill]:
[*troud-s-li-], root [treud], [trud], push; Eng. [thrust], Lat.
[trûdo]. See further [trod], [trom].
truaill
, pollute, violate, Ir. [trúaillim],
E.Ir. [trúalnim], O.Ir. [druáilnithe], corruptus, [œllned],
inquinatio, illuvies, [élnithid], violator, from [éln-], O.Ir.
[as-lenaimm], pollue, G. root [len] ([lēn], Ascoli),
fœdare (Lat. [lino], smear, as in [lean]?). Ascoli analyses
[truaill] into [der-uad-lēn] ([der-] intensive), while
Thurneysen refers the [tru-], [dru-] to the root of Lat. [trux],
[trucis]. [dru-es-lén] (Stokes). E.Ir. [trú], wretched, Eng. [throe]
(Stokes).
trudair
, a stammerer, a dirty or obscene
person, Ir. [trudaire], a stammerer (Lh., O'B., Con.). In the first
sense, the word is Ir.; in the second sense, it is G. only, and likely
of the same origin as [trusdar]. Norse [þrjótr], knave, bad debtor,
has been adduced as its origin.
truilleach
, a dirty or base person, filthy
food: [*trus-lic-], root [trus] as in [trusdar]? Or from Sc.
[trolie], a person of slovenly habits, [trollop]?
truis
, tear, snatch, truss; from Sc. [truss],
to eat in a slovenly, scattering fashion (Ork.), Icel. [tros], Eng.
[trash]. In the sense of "truss", the G. is from Eng. [truss]. Hence
the cry to dogs to get out -
truis!
trùp
, a troop; from the Eng.
trus
, truss or bundle, collect, Ir.
[trusdalaim], truss up, girdle, W. [trwsa], a truss; from Eng.
[truss], O.Fr. [trusser], from L.Lat. [tortiare], [tortus], twisted.
See also [triubhas].
trusdar
, a filthy fellow, filth; cf. Ir.,
E.Ir. [trist], curse, profligacy, L.Lat. [tristus], improbus.
trusgan
, clothes, apparel, Ir. [truscán],
[trosgán], clothes, furniture; founded on
trus
.
Cf. Eng. [trousseau] from the same origin.
truthair
, a traitor, villain; from Sc.
[trucker], deceiver, trickster? Or from Eng. [traitor]? Cf.
[trudair].
tu
,
thu
, thou, Ir., O.Ir.
[tú], W. [ti], Corn. [ty], [te], Br. [te]: [*tû]; Lat. [tû]; Gr.
[sú]; Eng. [thou]; Pruss. [tou]; Zd. [tû].
tuagh
, axe, so Ir., M.Ir. [tuag], E.ir.
[túagach], hitting: [*tougâ] root [teu&gcurly;h], [tuq], hit, strie;
Gr.
teúhw
, fashion,
túkos
, hammer,
tukánc
, flail; Ch.Sl. [tŭalo], cuspis.
Stokes prefers comparison with Skr. [tuj], hit ([*tug]).
tuaicheal
, dizziness,
tuachioll
(Sh.), winding, eddying, moving against the
sun, left-about: [*to-fo-cell] (for [cell], see [timchioll], Ir.
[tuachail], going, confused with [*tuath-cell], "left (north) going"?
Cf. [tuaineal].
tuaileas
, reproach, scandal, so Ir. (Lh.,
O'B., etc.): [*to-fo-less]; from [*lisso-], blame, discussed under
[leas-]?
tuailt
,
tubhailt
, a towel;
Ir. [tudhoille]; from the Eng.
tuainig
, unloose (Dial.); see [tualaig].
tuaineal
, dizziness, stupor, Ir. [toinéall],
swoon, trance (Dineen): [*to-fo-in-el], root [ell] of [tadhal]? Or
[*to-fo-neul]?
tuaiream
, a guess, aim, vicinity, Ir.
[tuairim]; also
tuairmse
: [*to-for-med-], root
[med] fo [meas].
tuaireap
, turbulence:
tuairgneadh
, confusion, sedition, Ir.
[tuargán], noise, discontent:
tuairisgeul
, description, report, Ir.
[tuarasgbháil], M.Ir. [túarascbal], description, O.Ir. [tuárascbaim],
for [to-for-as-gab-], root [gab] of [gabh].
guairmeis
, hit on, discover:
[*do-fo-air-mess]; see [eirmis].
tuairneag
, anything round, a boss, tidy
female,
tuairnean
, a mallet, beetle, Ir.
[tuairnín], mallet; cf. next word.>>
tuairnear
, a turner, Ir. [túrnóir]; from the
Eng.
tuaisd
, a dolt, sloven,
tuaisdeach
, unseemly:
tuaitheal
, wrong, left-wise, Ir.
[tuaithbhil], E.Ir. [tuathbil]; from [tuath] and [seal]: see [deiseil]
for latter root and form. Ir. has [tuathal], the left hand, awkward.
tualaig
, loose (Arm.), have flux,
tuanlaig
(
n
elided, Perth),
tuanaig
,
tuama
, a tomb, Ir. [tuama];
from Lat. [tumba], Eng. [tomb].
tuar
, food, O.Ir. [tuare]: [*taurio-], root
[staur], place, store, Eng. [store], Skr. [sthávara], fixed: root
[sta].
tuar
, hue, appearance; cf. Ir., M.Ir. [tuar],
an omen, presage: [*to-vor-], root [ver], [vor], of [fhuair]?
tuarasdal
, wages, so Ir., M.Ir. [tuarustul],
[tuarastal]: [*to-fo-ar-as-tal], root [tal], [tel], take, lift, M.Ir.
[taile], salarium, W. [tâl], payment, Cor., Br. [tal], solvit; I.E.
[tel]; Gr.
télos
, tax,
tálanton
, talent; Lat. [tollo]; Eng. [thole].
See [tail], [tlàth].
tuasaid
, a quarrel, fight, Ir. [fuasaoid],
animosity, spite, E.Ir. [fúasait], "entwickelung", development:
[to-fo-ad-sedd-], G.
root [sedd] from [sizd], [si-sed],
set, "set-to" being the idea? Root [sed] of [suidhe]. But cf.
[faosaid].
tuasgail
, loose, untie, Ir. [tuaslagadh],
releasing, E.Ir. [tuaslaicim]: [*to-fo-as-léc-im], from [lēc] of
[leig], let, q.v.
tuath
, people, tenantry, so Ir., O.Ir.
[túath], populus, W. [tud], country, nation, Cor. [tus], Br. [tud],
Gaul. [Tout-], [Teuto-]: [*toutâ], people; Lat. Umbr. [toto], state,
Oscan [túvtú], populus, Lat. [tôtus], all; Got. [þiuda], people,
[Teutonic], [Deutsch], German, [Dutch]; Lettic [táuta], people,
O.Pruss. [tauto], land.
tuath
, north, Ir. [tuath], [tuaith], O.Ir.
[túath], left, north: [*toutâ], [*touto-s] (adj.), left hand, left,
"good", Got. [þiuþ], good; cf. Gr.
e&ucom;w/numos
, left hand, "good-omened". Rhys
([Manx Pray.]
2
, 62) suggests that the root is
[su], turn (see [iompaidh]): [*do-hūth] ([*to-su-]), "turning
to"; W. [aswy] or [aseu], left hand, being also hence - [*ad-sou-i-].
tuba
, a tub; from the Eng.
tubaist
, mischance, M.G. [tubbiste] (D.of
L.), Arran G. [tiompaiste], Ir. [tubaiste]:
-KPD: also Ir. [timpiste].
tuban
, tuft of wool on the distaff; see
[toban].
tùch
, smother, become hoarse,
tùchan
, hoarseness: [*t-úch]; cf. W. [ig], sob,
hiccup.
tudan
, a small heap or stack (
dud
, M`A.):
tug
, brought; see [thug].
tugaidean
, witticisms (Dial., H.S.D.):
tugha
, thatch, covering,
tugh
(vb.), Ir. [tuighe] (n.), [tuighim] (vb.), E.Ir.
[tuga], [tugim], W. [to], a cover, thatch, [toi], tegere, cor. [to],
[tectum], Br. [to], [tenn]: [*togio-], [*togo-], root [to&gcurly;],
[ste&gcurly;], as in [tigh], [teach].
tughag
, a patch:
tuig
, understand, Ir. [tuigim], O.Ir.
[tuiccim], [tuiccim], [tuccim]: [*to-od-ges-] root [ges] of [tug].
some have given the stem as [*to-od-cesi], root [qes] of [chì]; but
this would give G. [tuic]. O.Ir. [tuicse], electus: [*to-od-gus-],
root [gus], taste, Eng. [gusto].
tuil
, a flood, Ir., O.Ir. [tuile]: [*tuliâ],
root [tu], swell; Gr.
túlos
, knob, weal;
Skr. [tûla], tuft, Eng. [thumb], [tumid], etc. (See [tulach]). So
Stokes [Zeit.]
31
, 235. The O.Ir. root
[ōl], to flood, abound, gives [tólam], a flood, [imról],
[foróil], abundance, etc. The root [pol], [pel] has also been
suggested, as in [iol-].
tuilis
, overloading stomach (Carm.):
tuille
,
tuilleadh
, more
(n.), Ir. [tuille], [tuilleadh], addition, [tuilleamh], wages,
addition, E.Ir. [tuilled], [tuillem], addition, inf. to [tuillim],
enhance, deserve, as in G.
toill
. Two words are
mixed: [to-eln-], deserve, and [to-oln], much, more, E.Ir. [oll],
great, [huilliu], plus, [*olniôs], root [pol], [pel], many, Gr.
polús
, Lat. [plus]
etc.
(see [iol]). Stokes equates the O.Ir. [uilliu], [oll], with Lat.
[pollere], which is from [*pol-no-], root [pol] as above (Wharton).
The G. syntax of [tuille] shows its comparative force in [tuille na]
(more than) as well as [tuille agus], Ir. [tuilleadh agus] (addition
and).
tuimhseadh
, beating, thumping,
tuinnse
, a blow ([Gael.Soc.Tr.]
15
, 260), M.Ir. [tuinsim], calco, [tuinsem],
bruising, [*to-ud-nessim] (Str.); founded on Lat. [tundo], beat.
Stokes queries if cognate.
tuineadh
, an abode, possession, Ir.
[tuinidhe], possession (O'Cl.), E.Ir. [tunide]; also
tuineadh
(Ir. and G.): [*to-nes-], root [nes] as in
[comhnuidh], q.v.
tuinneasach
, deathful, Ir. [tuinneamh],
[tuineamh], death:
tuinnidh
, firm hard, Ir. [tuinnidhe] (O'B.,
Sh.), immovable, [clocha tuinnidhe]; from [tuineadh], the idea being
"settled, fixed".
tuir
, relate,
tuireadh
,
relating, Ir. [tuirtheachda], relation, rehearsal, E.Ir. [turthiud],
pl. [tuirtheta], tale, from [ret], run (as in [ruith]). Cf.
[aithris], E.I. [tuirem], reciting, is from [*to-rím], root
[rīm], number (as in [àireamh]).
tuireadh
, a dirge, lamentation, Ir.
[tuireamh], dirge, elegy; for root see [tuirse].
tuireann
, a spark of fire from an anvil, Ir.
[tuireann] (O'B., etc.), E.Ir. [turend] (?): [*to-rind]? For rind,
see [reannag].
tuireasg
, a saw, Ir. [tuiriosg], E.Ir.
[turesc]: [*tar-thesc], from [teasg], cut, q.v.
tuirl
,
tuirling
, descend,
Ir. [tuirlingim], E.Ir. [tairlingim], O.Ir. [doarblaing], desilit
[*to-air-ling-]; for [ling], jump, see [leum].
tuirse
, sadness, Ir. [tuirse], M.Ir. [tor],
sad, E.Ir. [toirsi], [torsi], O.Ir. [toris], [toirsech], tristis;
root [tor], [ter], [tre], Lat. [tristis], sad.
tùis
, incense, Ir., M.Ir., E.Ir. [túis]; from
Lat. [tūs], Gr.
qúos
.
tuisleadh
, a stumbling, fall, so Ir., O.Ir.
[tuisled], prolapsio, [tuisel], casus, [dofuislim], labo:
[*to-fo-ess-sal-im], root [sal], spring; Lat. [salio], leap, dance,
Eng. [insult]; Gr.
&abcom;/llomai
, leap; cf.
Lit. [sele@?/ti], glide, creep. Ascoli analyses it into
[*to-fo-isl-], where [isl] is what remains of [ísel] or [ìosal], low.
tuit
, fall, Ir. [tuitim], O.Ir. [tuitim],
inf. [tutimm], acc.pl. [totman], also [tothimm], [*tod-tim], Gadelic
root [-tim-], W. [codwm], a fall (cf. Ir. [cudaim]), [codymu],
cadere, Cor. [codha]; cf. Eng. [tumble], Gr. [tomber], fall. Usually
explained as [*to-fo-thét-], from [théid], which would naturally be
[tuid] in G., even granting that the crasis of [-ofothé-] simply
landed in [-ui-], not to mention the inf. in preserved
m
(
tuiteam
). Root [tud] (Thur.);
[to-ud] = [think].
tul
, entirely, Ir. [tul] (i.e. [tuile],
O'Cl.), increase, flood: an adverbial use of the root form of [tuil],
flood? Cf. Ir. [tola], superfluity.
tul
, fire, hearth, heap (Carm.):
tulach
, a hillock, Ir., E.Ir. [tulach]; root
[tu], swell; Gr.
túlos
, knob,
tùlc
(
u
long), swelling,
weal; Lat. [tumor], [tūber], a swelling; Eng. [thumb].
tulag
, the fish whiting, Ir. [tullóg], the
pollock; cf. [pollag].
tulchann
,
tulchainn
, a
gable, posterior, Ir. [tulchán], hillock; from [tulach]?
tulchuiseach
, plucky (Hend.):
tum
, dip,
tumadh
, dipping,
so Ir., E.Ir. [tummim]: [*tumbô]; Lat. [tinguo], [tingo], wet, Eng.
[tinge], [tincture]; O.H.G. [duncôn], dip, ger. [tunken], dip, steep.
tunna
, a tun, ton, Ir., E.Ir. [tunna]; Ag.S.
[tunne], M.Eng. [tonne], Norse [tunna], Ger. [tonne]; all from Lat.
[tunna], a cask. Stokes ([Bez.Beit.]
18
),
suggests borrowing from the Norse; Kluge regards the words as of
Celtic origin. On this see ++
tonn
.
tunnachadh
, beating, dashing; see
[tuimhseadh].
tunag
, a duck, Ir. [tonnóg]?
tunnsgadh
, upheaval (R.D.):
tur
,
gu tur
, entirely, Ir.
[tura], plenty ([tura namhad], plenty of enemies), E.Ir. [tor], a
crowd (dat. [tur]); see [tòrr].
tùr
, a tower, Ir. [túr]; from M.Eng. [tour],
[tūr], from O.Fr. [tur], Lat. [turris].
tùr
, understanding; cf. M.Ir. [túr],
research, examination, O.Ir. [túirim], [rotuirset], scrutati sunt,
for [to-fo-shirim], from [sir], search.
turadh
, dry weather,
tur
,
dry (without condiment), so Ir., E.Ir. [turud], [terad], adj. [tur],
dry, [tair]: root [tor], [ter] of [tioram]?
turag
, a trifling illness (as of a child) -
Arg.:
turaman
, rocking, nodding; see [turraban].
turcais
, tweezers (M`A.), pincers; see
[durcaisd].
turguin
, destruction (H.S.D. from MSS.),
M.Ir. [tuarcain], smiting, E.Ir. [tuarcaim] (dat.), hitting:
[*to-fo-argim], root [org], O.Ir. [orgun], [orcun], occisio, O.Br.
[orgiat], Cæsar's Gaul. [Orgeto-rix]: [*urg-], root [v&rdot;g], [verg],
press, Lat. [urgeo]. Stokes suggests connection with Gr.
&ecom;réhqw
, tear; Bezzenberger gives Zend [areza],
battle, fight; Brugmann compares Skr. [&rdot;ghāyati], raves,
rages, O.H.G. [arg], what is vile or bad.
turlach
, a large fire: [*t-ur-lach], from Ir.
[ur], [úr], fire, Gr.
p&uibre;r
, Eng.
[fire].
turlach
, a bulky, squat person; see [tòrr],
[turadh]. Cf. W. [twrllach], a rounnd lump.
turlas
, small cupboard (Perth); see
[tairleas].
turloch
, a lake that dries in summer, Ir.
[turloch]; from [tur] and [loch].
tùrn
,a turn, job; from the Eng.
turraban
,
turraman
,
rocking of the body, nodding, grief (
turadan
, Sh.).
Hence
turra-chadal
, a slumbering drowsiness,
"nodding sleep":
turrag
, an accident:
turradh
, a surprise, taking unnawares (Skye):
turraig
,
air do thurraig
,
at stool (M`A.):
turram
, a soft sound, murmur; onnomatopoetic.
But cf. [toirm], [torrunn].
turtur
, a turtle, so Ir., W. [turtur]; from
Lat. [turtur].
turus
, a journey, Ir., E.Ir. [turus], O.Ir.
[tururas], incursus, [aururas], properatio: [*to-reth-s-tu], root
[ret], run (see [ruith]).
tùs
, the beginning, Ir. [tús], O.Ir. [túus],
[tús], W. [tywys], leading; see [tòiseach].
tut
, interjection of cold or impatience; from
Eng. [tut]. See [thud].
tùt
, a quiet breaking of wind, stench, Ir.
[tút], M.Ir. [tútt], stench: allied to [toit], q.v. Cf. Keating's
[tútmhar], smoky.
tuthan
, a slut (Arm., M`L.), Ir. [túthan];
from the root of the above word.
ua
,
o
, from, Ir. [ua],
[ó], O.Ir. [ua], [hua], [ó]: [*ava], ab; Skr. [áva], ab, off; Lat.
[au-] ([au-fero]), away; Ch.Sl. [u-], ab, away. See
o
.
uabairt
, expulsion: [*od-bert-], prefixed by
[ua]? from the root [ber] (in [beir]).
uabhar
, pride, so Ir., O.Ir. [úabar],
vainglory, W. [ofer], waste, vain (Ascoli): [*oubro-], root
[eu&gcurly;], rise, Gr.
&ubcom;/bris
,
insolence (see [uasal]). It has also been analysed into [*ua-ber]
like [uabairt] = "e-latio", elation.
uachdar
, surface, summit, so Ir., O.ir.
[uachtar], [ochtar]: [*ouktero-], root [eu&gcurly;], [ve&gcurly;],
rise, be vigorous, as in [uasal], q.v. Cf. W. [uthr], admirandus.
uadh-
in
uadh-bheist
,
monster,
uadh-chrith
, terror; see [uath] below.
uaigh
, a grave, Ir. [uaigh], M.Ir. [uag],
E.Ir. [uag], [*augâ], allied to Got. [augo], eye, Eng. [eye]. See for
force [dearc]. So Stokes, and rightly.
uaigneach
, secret, lonesome, so Ir., M.Ir.
[uagnech]: [*uath-gen-], "lonesome-kind", from [uath], lonesome,
single; Norse [auðr], empty, Got. [auþs], waste, desert; Lat. [ôtium],
rest.
uaill
, p[ride, Ir. [uaill], E.Ir. [úaill],
O.Ir. [uall]: [*oukslâ], root [eu&gcurly;], [ve&gcurly;] of [uasal].
uaimh
, a cave, den, Ir. [uaimh], g. [uamha],
M.Ir. [uaim], g. [uama], O.Ir. [huam], specus (also [huád], specu):
[*oumâ]. Bezzenberger suggests [*poumâ], allied to Gr.
p&wibre;ma
, a lid (
*pwuma
); Strachan
compares Gr.
e&ucom;nc/
, bed (Ger. [wohnen], dwell). W.
[ogof], cave, den is correlated by Ascoli.
uaine
, green, Ir. [uainne], [uaithne], E.Ir.
[úane]. Strachan suggets the possibility of a Gadelic [*ugnio-], root
[ve&gcurly;], be wet, Gr. [&ubcom;grós], wet (see [feur]).
uainneart
, bustle, wallowing, Ir. [únfuirt],
wallowing, tumbling; also G.
aonairt
,
aonagail
:
uair
, an hour, Ir. [uair], O.Ir. [huar],
[uar], g. [hóre], W. [awr], Cor. [our], O.Br. [aor], Br. [eur],
[heur]; from Lat. [hora], Eng. [hour]. Hence
uaireadair
, a watch, time-piece, Ir. [uaireadóir]
([*horatorium]?).
uaisle
, pride, nobility, so Ir.; from
[uasal], q.v.
uallach
, a burden, Ir. [ualach]: [*podl-];
O.H.G. [fazza], a bundle, Ger. [fassen], hold (Strachan). Also G.
eallach
, q.v.
uallach
, gay, proud, so Ir.; from [uaill].
uamhag
, sheep-louse:
uamharr
, dreadful, Ir. [uathmhar], E.Ir.
[úathmar]; from [uath], fear, q.v. Used adverbially, like Eng.
[awfully], to denote excess. Dial.
uarraidh
.
uamhas
, dread, horror,
uathbhas
, Ir. [uathbhás], E.Ir. [úathbhás]:
[*uath-bás], "dread death"; see [uath] and [bàs].
uamhunn
, horror, Ir. [uamhan], awe, horror,
E.Ir. [uamun], [hóman], O.Ir. [omun], [homon], rarely, [ómun], fear,
W. [ofn], fear, awe, Cor. [own], Br. [aoun], Gaul. [-obnos],
[Ex-obnus], Fearless: [*obno-s], fear. Bez. cfs. Got. [bi-abrjan], be
astounded (but [abrs] means "powerful"), and Gr.
&acom;/fnw
, suddenly.
uan
, a lamb, Ir., M.Ir. [uan], W. [oen], pl.
[wyn], Cor. [oin], Br. [oan]: [*ogno-s]; Lat. [agnus]; Gr.
ámnós
(for
&acom;bnós
); Ch.Sl. [jagne]; Also Ag.S. [éanian], to
yean or lamb ([*aunōn]).
uar
, waterfall, heavy shower, confluence
(Sutherland Dial.), Ir., E.Ir. [úarán], fresh spring; see [fuaran].
Arm. has
uaran
, fresh water.
uarach
, hourly, temporary (H.S.D.), homely
(M`L.); from [uair].
uasal
, noble, proud, Ir., O.Ir. [uasal], W.
[uchel], Br. [uhel], [huel], Gaul. [uxello-]: [*oukselo-], high, root
[eu&gcurly;], [ve&gcurly;], rise, increase; Gr.
&ubcom;yclós
, high,
a&ucom;xw
, increase; Lat. [augeo], increase,
[vigeo], be strong; Eng. [up], Ger. [auf]; Lit. [áuksztas], high.
++
uath
, dread, Ir. [uath], O.Ir. [úath], Cor.
[uth], Br. [eus], [heuz], horror; [*pouto-], root [pu], foul; Lat.
[putris], Eng. [putrid], [foul]?
ub!
ubub!
interjection of
contempt or aversion, O.Ir. [upp].
ubag
,
ubaidh
, a charm, Ir.
[uptha], [upadh], sorcerer, O.Ir. [upta], fascinatio, [uptha], Manx
[obbee], sorcery: [*od-ba-t-], from [ba], speak (see [ob], refuse).
Zimmer refers it to root [ben] of [bean], hurt, touch.
ubairt
, rummaging amoung heavy articles,
bustle (Dial.); see [ùbraid].
ubh! ubh!
interjection of disgust or
amazement; cf. Eng. [phew].
ubh
, an egg, Ir. [ubh], [ugh], O.Ir. [og],
[ub] (?), W. [wy], pl. [wyan], Cor. [uy], [oy], Br.
u
, [vi]: [*ogos]; Gr. [&wcom;/beon], egg, further
[&wcom;ón], Lat. [ovum], Eng. [egg]. The phonetics as between Celtic
and the other languages is somewhat difficult; but the connection is
indisputable.
ubhal
, apple, Ir. [ubhall], E.Ir. [uball],
[ubull], O.Ir. [aball], W. [afal], Cor. [auallen], Br. [avallen]:
[*aballo-], [*aballôn]; Eng. [apple], Ger. [apfel]; Lit.
[obůlys]. Stokes now queries Ger. [obst], fruit, O.H.G. [obaz],
Ag.S. [ofet], fruit.
ùbhla
, a fine, penalty:
ùbraid
, confusion, dispute, also
ùprait
: [*ud-bert-], from [ber] of [beir].
ucas
,
ugsa
, coal-fish,
stenlock:
uchd
, the breast, so Ir., O.Ir. [ucht]:
[*poktu-]; Let. [pectus]? Stokes and Bezzenberger give [*puptu-],
Lettic [pups], woman's breast, Lit. [pápas], breast (Eng. [pap] from
Lat. [pappa]). St. now gives [poktus], allied to [pectus]. See
[iochd].
ud
, yon, yonder, Ir. [úd], E.Ir. [út]; for
[sud] ([sút]), q.v. For loss of
s
, cf. the
article.
udabac
, outhouse, porch, back-house (
ùdabac
, Uist); from Norse [úti-bak], "out-back"?
udail
, cause to shake, waver, remove, Ir.
[udmhall], quick, stirring (O'Cl.), O.Ir. [utmall], unsteady,
[utmaille], instability: [út] of [sud] + [tamall] (Rhys).
ùdail
, inhospitable, churlish,
ùdlaidh
, gloomy; cf. Norse [útlagi], an outlaw,
[útlagð], outlawry.
udalan
, a swivel, Ir. [udalán] (Fol., O'R.);
from [udail]. Cf. [ludnan].
udhar
, a boil, ulcer; also
othar
, q.v.
ùdlaiche
, a stag, old hart (Arm.):
ùdrathad
,
ùtraid
, free
egress and regress to common pasture; from the Norse - cf. [útreið],
an expedition, "out-road".
ugan
, the upper part of the breast, Ir.
[ugán], craw of a fowl, [ugannn], fish gill (Heb.):
ùghdair
, author, Ir. [úghdar], E.Ir. [ugtar],
O.Ir. [augtor]; from Lat. [auctor].
ugsa
, coal-fish; see [ucas].
uibe
, a mass, lump (as of dough),
iob
; cf. [faob]: [*ud-bio-], "out-being". But cf. Lat.
[offa], ball.
uibhir
, a number, quantity, Ir. [uibhir],
[uimhir], E.Ir. [numir], number; from Lat. [numerus], Eng. [number].
ùidh
(
uidh
), care, heed,
Ir. [uidh] (obs.), O.Ir. [oid]; see [taidhe].
ùidh
, a ford, that part of a stream leaving a
lake before breaking into a current; also an isthmus (M`Kinnon),
[uidh], [aoi]); from
Norse [eið], an isthmus, neck of
land. Hence [Eye] or [Ui] near Stornoway, older [Ey], [Huy], [Eie].
uidh
,
uidhe
, a journey,
distance, Ir. [uidhe], E.Ir. [ude], O.Ir. [huide], profectio:
[*odio-n], root [pod], [ped], go; Lat. [pes], [pedis], foot; Gr.
poús
,
podós
, foot; Eng. [foot]; Skr. [padyâ], footstep.
uidheam
, accoutrements, apparatus, Ir.
[ughaim], harness, trappings, O.Ir. [aidmi], armamenta, W. [iau],
jugum, O.Cor. [iou], Br. [geo], [ieo], [*yougo-], yoke; Eng. [yoke],
Ger. [joch]; Gr.
zugón
; Lat. [jugum];
Lit. [jungas]. The Gadelic requires a form [*ad-jung-mi]. Cf. O.Ir.
[adim], instrumentum, pl.n. [admi].
ùig
, a nook, cove; from Norse [vík], bay,
creek, Eng. [wick], [-wich]. Hence the place name [Uig] (Skye,
Lewis). Hence
ùigean
, a fugitive, wanderer.
uigheil
, pleasant, careful; from [aoigh] in
the first meaning and from [ùidh] in the second.
uile
, all, the whole, Ir. [uile, O.Ir.
[uile], [huile]: [*polio-s], root [pol], [pel], full, many, Gr.
pollós
(=
polios
), much, many; see [iol-]. Stokes and most
philologists refer it to [*oljo-s], Eng. [all], Ger. [all], Got.
[alls] ([*olnó-s], Mayhew). Some have derived it from [*soli-], Lat.
[sollus], whole, Gr.
&obcom;los
, whence
Stokes deduces the Brittonic words - W. [oll], all, Corn. [hol], Br.
[holl], [oll] (see [slàn]).
uileann
, elbow, Ir. [uille], g. [uilleann],
M.Ir. [uille], pl.acc. [uillinn], O.Ir. [uilin] (acc.), W., Cor.
[elin], Br. [ilin], [elin]: [*olên-]; Gr.
&wcom;lc/n
,
&wcom;lénc
;
Lat. [ulna]; Ag.S. [eln], Eng. [ell], [elbow].
uilear
, enough, etc.; see [fuilear].
uill
([ùill, H.S.D.), oil thou,
uilleadh
, oil (n.); see [ola].
uilleann
, honeysuckle, so Ir. (O'B.), M.Ir.
[feithlend], woodbine; see under [feith].
uilm
, coffer (Carm.):
uim-
, circum, Ir. [uim-], O.Ir. [imm-]; a
composition form of [mu], q.v. Hence
uime
, about
him, it, Ir. [uime], O.Ir. [uimbi];
uimpe
, about
her (= [imb-sì] or [imb-shi]).
ùin
,
ùine
, time, Ir.
[uain], time, opportunity, E.Ir. [úine], O.Ir. [úain], leisure, time:
[*ut-nio-], root [ut], [vet] of [feith], wait. Strachan gives [*ucn-]
as a reduced form, from [euq], Skr. [ókas], comfort,
e&ucom;/kclos
, free from care, at ease.
ùinich
, bustle, tumultus; see [uainnneart].
uinicionn
, lambskin (Carm.); for
[uainicionn].
uinneag
, a window, M.G. [fuinneóg], M.Ir.
[fuindeog], [fuindeoc]; from Norse [windauga], Sc. [winnock], Eng.
[window] (= [wind-eye]). From Ag.S. [windaége] (Stokes, [Lis.]).
uinnean
, an onion, Ir. [uinniun], M.Ir.
[uinneamain], [uindiun], W. [wynwynyn]; from Lat. [union-em], O.Fr.
[oignon], Eng. [onion], from [unus], one.
uinnean
, ankle:
uinnseann
, ash, Ir. [uinseann], M.Ir.
[fuindseog], ash-tree, O.Ir. [ind-huinnius], W. [on], [onen], earlier
[onn], [onnen], Br. [ounnenn]. Cor. [onnen]: [*osnâ], [*osnestu-];
Lat. [ornus] ([*osinos]); Lit. [ůsis], ahs, Russ.
[jasen&ibreve;]. Cf. Eng. [ash].
uipear
, unhandy craftsman, bungler:
uipinn
, a treasure, hoard; cf. [uibe].
ùir
, mould, dust, earth, Ir., M.Ir. [úir],
E.Ir. [úr], g. [úire]: [*ûrâ]; Norse [aurr], loam, wet clay, mud,
Ag.S. [eár], humus. Stokes hesitates between [*ûrâ] and [*ugrâ], Gr.
[&ubcom;grós], wet.
uircean
, a young pig, Ir. [uircín], M.Ir.
[orcán], porcellus, [oircnín] (do.), [orc], porcus; [*porko-s]; Lat.
[porcus]; Eng. [farrow], [pork]; Lit. [pàrszas], boar.
uiread
, as much, amount, Ir. [oiread], O.Ir.
[erat], [airet], length of time, distance, [cia eret], quamdiu:
[*are-vet-to-], root [vet] of [feith].
uireas
, below, down; see [ioras].
uireasbhuidh
, need, poverty, so Ir., M.Ir.
[auresbadh]; from [air] and [easbhuidh], q.v.
uirghioll
, faculty of speech, speech, Ir.
[uirghíol], a command (O'B.), [uraghall], [uradhall], speech (Keat.),
E.Ir. [uirgill], for [ur-fhuigell], M.Ir. [urfhoighill]:
uiridh
,
an uiridh
, last
year, Ir. [annuraidh], E.Ir. [inn uraid], O.Ir. [urid]: [*peruti];
Skr. [parut], last year; Gr.
pérusi
,
Dor.
péruti
; root [vet] of [feith].
uirigh
, a couch, bed: [*air-sed-], root [sed]
of [suidhe]?
uiriollach
, a precipice (H.S.D. from MSS.):
[*air-ailech], from [ail], rocck, q.v.
uirisg
, offspring of fairy and mortal (M`F.);
see [ùruisg].
ùirlios
, a walled garden, Ir. [uirlios]
(O'B., etc.); from [air] and [lios].
ùirneis
, a furnace, Ir. [uirnéis], [fúirnéis]
(O'B.), M.Ir. [forneis]; from Eng. and O.Fr. [fornaise], Lat.
[fornacem], [fornax], oven.
ùirneis
, tools, implements, Ir. [úirnéis]
(Fol., O'R.), [úirlis] (Con.); see [airneis].
uirsgeil
, a spreading (as of dung or hay to
dry); from [air] and [sgoil].
uirsgeul
, a fable, romance, so Ir.; from
[air] and [sgeul].
ùis
, use, utility; from the Eng. [use], Lat.
[ûsus].
uiseag
, a lark, Ir. [uiseóg], [fuiseóg], W.
[uchedydd], Br. [ec'houedez], also W. [ucheda], to soar; from [*ux],
up, as in [uas], [uasal]?
uisg
,
uisge
, water, Ir.
[uisge], O.Ir. [uisce], [usce]: [*ud-s-kio], root [ud], [ved]; Gr.
&ubcom;/dwr
,
&ubcom;dos
; Eng. [water], etc.; Skr. [udán]; further
Lat. [unda], wave. Stokes suggests the possibility of [uisge] being
for [*uskio-], and allied to Eng. [wash].
uisliginn
, disturbance, fury:
uislinn
, sport, diversion, Ir. [uslainn]
(Lh., etc.):
uist
, hist! whist! Lat. [st!] Eng. [hist!]
ula
,
ulachan
(pl.), beard,
Ir., E.Ir. [ulcha], g. [ulchain]: [*ulukon-]; [*pulu-], beard; Skr.
[pula], [pulaka], horripilation; Gr.
púligges
, hair of chairs (Hes.). Hence [Ulaid],
Ulster. It may be root [ul], [vel], cover (see [olann]).
ulag
, block, pulley, "sonwball" (Wh.); from
Eng. [pulley], L.Lat. [polanus]?
ulag
, oatmeal and water mixed:
ulaidh
, a treasure, Ir. [uladh],
charnel-house, E.Ir. [ulud], stone tomb; root [ul], [vel], cover? A
Gadelic [*alveto-], allied to Lat. [alvus], a belly, [alveus],
channel, has been suggested.
ulbh
, you brute! (Sutherland); from Norse
[úlfr], wolf.
ulbhach
(
ul'ach
), ashes,
W. [ulw], pl. [ulwyn]: [*polviko-], [*pôlven-]; Lat. [pulvis], dust,
[pollen], pollen.
ulartaich
,
ulfhartaich
,
howling; from [*ul], bark (Gr.
&ubcom;láw
,
bark, Lat. [ulula], owl, etc.), and [art] of [comhart], q.v.
ullachadh
, preparation, preparing, Ir.
[ullmhuighim], I prepare; from [ullamh], ready.
ullag
, a mouthful of meal (Sh.); cf. [ulag].
ullamh
, ready, Ir. [ullamh], for [urlamh],
E.Ir. [erlam], paratus; from [air] and [lam], the latter being from
[làmh], hand: "to hand, handy". Usually referred to root [las],
desire, Lat. [lascivus], Eng. [lascivious].
ultach
, a lapful, armful, Ir. [ullthach]
(O'B.), M.Ir. [utlach], lapful, [urtlach], lap: [*ar-t&ldot;-ac-]; root
[tol], [tel], lift (see [toil], [tlàth]). G. [ulathach], burden in
one's arms = [ultach] (Wh.).
ùmaidh
, dolt, blockhead; see [umpaidh].
umha
, copper, brass, Ir. [umha], O.Ir.
[humæ], [ume], copper, brass, [umaide], [humide], aeneus, W. [efydd],
O.W. [emid], aere; [*umâjo-] (Stokes), [*omja] (Ascoli), [*um-ajo-],
[-ajo-] = [aes] (Bez.).
umhail
, heed, attention, Ir. [umhail],
[úmhail] (O'B., Con.); cf. next word.>>
ùmhal
, obedient (
umhailt
,
Dial.), Ir. [umhal], E.Ir., O.Ir. [umal], W. [ufyll], Corn. [huvel],
Br. [vuel]; from Lat. [humilis], Eng. [humble].
ùmlagh
, a fine,
unlagh
(Arg.); from Sc. [unlaw], [unlach], a fine, transgression, [un-law].
umpaidh
, a boor, clown, idiot (Sh., O'R.);
see [ùmaidh].
ung
, anoint, Ir. [ungaim], O.Ir. [ongim];
from Lat. [ungue]. W. has [enenio] from [*o
i
nj-].
unnsa
, an ounce, Ir. [únsa], W. [wns]; from
Eng. The O.Ir. is [unga], from Lat. [uncia].
unradh
, adversity (Campbell's Tales, II.
Mac-a-rusgaich); a form of [an-rath]?
ùp
, push,
ùpag
, a push;
cf. W. [hwp], a push, effort. Cf. [pùc]. Onomatopoetic.
ùr
, fresh, new, Ir., E.Ir. [úr], O.Ir.
[húrde], vividarium, W. [ir], fresh, green: [*ûro-s], [*pûro-s]; Lat.
[pûros], Eng. [pure]. Usually referred to [*ugro-s], Gr. [&ubcom;grós],
wet, Lat. [uvidus], moist, root [ve&gcurly;].
urcag
, thole pin (N.Lochaber). Cf. [àrcan],
a cork.
urchar
, a shot, cast, Ir. [urchur], E.Ir.
[urchur], [aurchor], [erchor], W. [ergyr], O.B. [ercor], ictum:
[*are-koru-], a cast; from [cuir], send, q.v.
urchall
, fetters, shackles, so Ir. (Lh.,
etc.): [*are-col-], root [col], [cel] of [timchioll]?
urchasg
, physic, antidote, Ir. [urchosg],
preservative, antidote: [*air-chosg], from [cosg], [casg], stop, q.v.
urchoid
, hurt, mischief, Ir. [urchóid], O.Ir.
[erchoit]: [*are-kkonti-], Gr.
kentéw
,
stick, prick,
kaínw
, kill. Stokes
prefers [*skonti-], as stem, allied to Eng. [scathe].
urla
, face, hair, breast, Ir. [urla], lock of
hair, long hair of the head, E.Ir. [urla], [irla]: [*air-la-], where
[la] is for [vla], root [vel] of [falt]?
ùrlabhairt
, eloquence, Ir. [urlabhair],
elocution, E.Ir. [erlabra]: [*air-labhair]; see [labhair].
ùrlach
, stag (R.D.):
ùrlaich
, turn from in disgust (Arg.):
ùrlaim
, readiness (M`F.), Ir. [úrlamh],
ready; see
ullamh
. Hence also
ùrlaimh
, expert, O.Ir. [erlam], [irlam].
ùrlamhas
, possession, Ir. [úrlámhus],
[forlamhus]; from [for], super, and [làmh], hand: "upper-handed-ness".
ùrlann
, a staff, Ir. [úrlann], a staff, spear
staff, M.Ir. [urlannn], staff of a spear: [*air-lann], from [lann]:
also E.Ir. [irlond], hinder end of a spear or ship.
ùrlar
, a floor, lowest part, Ir. [urlár]:
[*air-lár], from [làr], floor, q.v. [irnigde], [irnichte]:
[*are-nakô], I strive for, root [nak], [enk], as in [thig]? Zimmer
gives the root [i&gcurly;h], desire, Gr.
&icom;han&aibre;n
, desire, Lit. [igiju], strive after,
Skr. [îh], long for, dividing it into [*air-con-ig] ([*air-in-ig]?).
O.?Ir. [arnigim]: [ig] = Gr.
&icom;har
;
[arn] = [*paran], Gr. [pará] (St.Zeit. 36).
urra
, a person, infant; cf. next word.>>
urradh
,
urrainn
,
authority, guarantee, author, Ir. [urra(dh)], surety, author,
defendant, [urrain], stay, prop, M.Ir. [errudus], responsibility; from
[ràth], [ràthan], surety. [Urradha] were a chief's "gentlemen" paying
rent or servic (Sil.Gad.).
urrainn
, power,
is
urrainn
, can; Ir. [urra], power, [urrain], stay. See above
word.>>
urrail
, forward, bold,
urranta
, Ir. [urránta], bold, confident in one's might;
from [urradh].
urram
, honour, respect, Ir. [urram],
[urraim], honour, deference, submission, M.Ir. [urraim], homage:
[*air-réim]?
urras
, surety, guarantee, Ir. [urrúdhas],
[urrús]; from [urradh].
ursainn
, a door-post, Ir. [ursa], g.
[ursann], E.Ir. [ursa], [aursa], [irsa], d. [ursaind], W. [gorsin]:
[*are-stan-], root [sta], stand.
ùruisg
, a Brownie; from [uisge],
[air]+[uisg].
us
, impudence (M`A.):
usa
, easier, Ir. [usa], O.Ir. [assu],
facilius, [asse], facilis; cf. W. [haws], from [hawdd], easy; further
Fr. [aisé], Eng. [easy], Got. [azets], easy.
usaid
, querulousness (M`A. and Wh.):
usgar
, a jewel, bell on liquor:
usga(r)
, holy, sacred (Carm.):
uspag
, a push, pang, Ir. [uspóg]; cf.
[ospag].
uspair
, an ugly or lumpish fellow, Ir.
[uspán], a shapeless lump, chaos, clumsy fellow. See [uspan].
uspairn
, strife, Ir. [uspairneachd]:
[*ud-spairn], from [spàirn].
uspan
, a shapeless mass, Ir. [uspán]: also
usp
(
ùsp
); cf. [uibe], [*uibs-]?
ut! ut!
interjection of disapprobation, Eng.
[tut], [hoot], W. [hwt], etc.
utag
,
ùtag
(Arg.), strife,
confusion; also "push, jostle",
ut
, push. Cf.
[put], [putag].
ùtan
, a knuckle (Sh., O'R.), better [utan]:
ùth
, an udder, E.Ir. [uth]. Stokes gives the
stem as [*(p)utu-], Lit. [suputimas], a swelling, [putlùs], swollen.
Lat. [ûber], Gr.
o&ucomibre;qar
, Eng. [udder]
have been compared, but the Gadelic lacks the terminal [-er], and the
consonant is
t
rather than
d
or [dh]. Cf. Lat. [uter], skin-bag.
uthard
, above, on high, Ir. [ós], [árd].
Gaelic is for [*for-ard], "on high"; see [air] and [àrd].
utraid
, district road (Carm.); see
[udrathad].
ùtrais
, a confused mass of anything, a
fidgeting.