|
| The following discussion assumes the general principles laid out in the introduction to syntactic annotation. |
This section of the documentation focuses on the internal structure of phrasal constituents. Phrases at the clausal level (= daughters of IP) are often labelled with additional information, as described in Clause-level constituents. The section also covers certain nonstructural tags used to label foreign language passages, quotations, references, and similar material.
|
| Phrases of the type TWENTY MILES FROM LONDON are treated as locative ADJPs (ADJP-LOC). See Measure phrase for discussion and examples. |
Adjective phrases (ADJP) consist of an adjectival head, possibly accompanied by modifiers and/or complements. Participles, though tagged as VAG or VAN, can function as heads of ADJP.
(NODE (ADJP (ADJ trew))
(ID CMCAPCHR,62.905))
(NODE (ADJP (ADJR fairir))
(ID CMAELR4,15.404))
(NODE (ADJP (ADJS werst))
(ID CMCAPCHR,145.3374))
(NODE (ADJP (VAG loving))
(NODE (ADJP (VAN blessed)))
Complements and/or modifiers can either precede or follow the head within the ADJP (which contrasts in this respect with other phrasal categories).
(NODE (ADJP (ADJ worth)
(NP (NUM v) (N s)))
(ID CMGREGOR,142.625))
(NODE (ADJP (NP (Q nocht)) <-- worth nothing
(ADJ wur+d))
(ID CMANCRIW,II.105.1289))
See also Movement out
of ADJP and The position
of traces.
Heads of ADJP
Comparative adjectives as heads of ADJP
|
| (THE) LESS and (THE) MORE are sometimes treated as comparative adjectives in the PPCME2, in which case the considerations below extend to them. |
At the clausal level, comparative adjectives accompanied by a determiner are labelled either ADJP or NP, depending on whether they are functioning as predicates or referring expressions. Such phrases are labelled ADJP in the THE MORE THE MERRIER construction, in small clauses, and generally when they are complements of a copular verb. However, even then, they are labelled NP if they pick out a particular entity; see Comparative adjectives as heads of NP.
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (D the) (ADJ first)
(CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
(C that)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO I))
(VBD cam)
(PP (P over)
(NP *T*-1)))))
(BED was)
(NP-OB1 (D the) (ADJR greatter)) <-- referring expression
(. ,)) (ID LELAND,89.235))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
(NP-SBJ *con*)
(BED was)
(ADVP-TMP (ADV neuer))
(ADJP (D +te) (ADJR wors))
(E_S ,))
(ID CMMIRK,31.882))
(NODE (IP-INF-PRP (FOR+TO forto)
(BE beon)
(ADJP (D +te) (ADJR brichtere)))
(ID CMANCRIW,II.130.1705))
(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (D the) (NS spaces))
(BEP ben)
(ADJP (QR lesse)))
(ID CMMANDEV,123.2975))
|
| LEAST and MOST are sometimes treated as superlative adjectives in the PPCME2, in which case the considerations below extend to them. |
At the clausal level, superlative adjectives are generally labelled NP. But a superlative adjective projects an ADJP if it meets all of the following conditions:
(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (D +te) (N day))
(BEP is)
(ADJP (ADJS schortest)))
(ID CMPOLYCH,VI,107.734))
(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
(BED was)
(ADJP (ADJS eldest)))
(ID CMBRUT3,14.408))
(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (D +te) (N +tyng)
(CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
(C +tat)
(IP-SUB (NP-OB1 *T*-1)
(NP-SBJ (PRO +tai))
(VBP (VBP sai) (CONJ or) (DOP do)))))
(BEP es)
(ADJP (ADJS best)))
(ID CMROLLEP,86.367))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ but)
(NP-SBJ-1 (PRO hit))
(BEP is)
(ADJP (ADJS hardest))
(IP-INF-1 (TO to)
(BE be)
(VAN put)
(PP (P by)
(NP (D +tese)))
(PP (P to)
(NP (D +te) (N fuyr)
(PP (P of)
(NP (NPR helle))))))
(E_S .))
(ID CMWYCSER,406.3238))
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (PRO +tou))
(PP (P+N for-so+te))
(, ,)
(NP-VOC (NPR Lord))
(, ,)
(BEP art)
(ADJP (ADJS he+gest))
(PP (P wy+t-outen)
(NP (N ende)))
(E_S .))
(ID CMEARLPS,114.4971))
|
| Superlative adjectives with apparent complements
generally function as referential expressions and are labelled
NP at the phrasal label. The complement is treated as a
complement of the (elided) noun.
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
(BEP is)
(NP-OB1 (ADJS worst) <-- parallel to the worst one of all
(PP (P of)
(NP (Q all))))))
See Superlative adjectives as heads of NP, Superlative adjective plus genitive. |
NP complements of adjectives are labelled NP (without a dash tag like -COM, -MSR, or -POS). If the complement is clearly a genitive, this is indicated on the noun's POS tag, but not at the phrasal level. Adjectives that take NP complements include the following items:
LIKE, NEAR, NEXT, NIGH, WORTH
(NODE (ADJP (ADJ lyke)
(NP (D an) (N anvylde)
(PP (P of)
(NP (N stele)))))
(ID CMMALORY,7.192))
(NODE (ADJP (ADJ lyke)
(NP (NUM thirty) (NS torchys)))
(ID CMMALORY,14.409))
(NODE (ADJP (ADJ lyke)
(NP (D a) (N foster)))
(ID CMMALORY,181.2459))
(NODE (ADJP (ADV ri+gt) (ADJ ny)
(NP (D +te) (N+N cheke-bon)))
(ID CMHORSES,85.11))
(NODE (ADJP (ADVR so) (ADJ ny)
(NP (PRO$ oure) (N feyth)))
(ID CMMANDEV,87.2158))
(NODE (ADJP (NP (PRO hire))
(ADV swi+de) (ADJ neih))
(ID CMVICES1,5.45))
(NODE (ADJP (ADJS nexte)
(NP (NP (D the) (N quene))
(CONJP (CONJ and)
(NP (D the) (NS byschoppys)
(RRC (ADVP-TMP (ADV a-fore))
(VAN sayde))))))
(ID CMGREGOR,139.579))
(NODE (ADJP (ADJS nest)
(NP (D +te) (ADJ hech+ge) (NPR heouene)))
(ID CMANCRIW,II.208.2976))
(NODE (ADJP (ADJ worth)
(NP (NUM ten) <-- bare NP complement, not NP-MSR
(PP (P of)
(NP (D the) (N swerde)))))
(ID CMMALORY,43.1421))
(NODE (ADJP (ADJ worth)
(NP (NUM v) (N s)))
(ID CMGREGOR,142.625))
(NODE (ADJP (NP (Q nocht)) <-- worth nothing
(ADJ wur+d))
(ID CMANCRIW,II.105.1289))
In early texts, some adjectives (APPROPRIATE, FULL, OBEDIENT, PLEASING, etc.) that take PP complements in Modern English took NP complements (usually datives). Like the complements of other adjectives, these are tagged NP without any additional tag, whether they precede or follow the head. Affected NPs are distinct; they are treated as separate constituents and labelled NP-OB2.
(NODE (ADJP (NP (PRO us))
(ADJ biheue)) <-- appropriate, fitting
(ID CMTRINIT,201.2786))
(NODE (ADJP (NP (PRO it)) <-- aware
(ADJ war))
(ID CMPETERB,57.520))
(NODE (ADJP (NP (Q euch) (N$ godes)) <-- full of every good
(ADJ ful))
(ID CMMARGA,63.137))
(NODE (ADJP (ADJ gredi) <-- greedy
(NP (D +tes) (N eses)))
(ID CMLAMBX1,123.1206))
(NODE (ADJP (ADJ ihersum) <-- obedient
(NP (PRO$ his) (N cunne)))
(ID CMLAMBX1,109.1018))
(NODE (ADJP (NP (PRO him))
(ADJ ibuhsum)) <-- obedient
(ID CMLAMBX1,113.1078))
(NODE (ADJP (NP (D +de) (NPR hali) (NPR write))
(ADJ buhsum)) <-- obedient
(ID CMVICES1,75.855))
(NODE (ADJP (NP (NPR assur))
(ADJ iqueme)) <-- pleasing
(ID CMANCRIW,II.115.1451))
(NODE (ADJP (NP (Q$ alre)) <-- early Middle English texts
(ADJS hest))
(ID CMANCRIW,II.208.2978))
(NODE (ADVP (NP (Q$ alre))
(ADV earest)) <-- FIRST/LAST not tagged superlative
(ID CMANCRIW,II.43.380))
(NODE (QP (NP (Q$ alre))
(QS meast))
(ID CMKATHE,50.490))
The few cases in this period of ALRE written together with MOST are treated as compounds (Q$+QS).
(NODE (QP (Q$+QS alremest))
(ID CMLAMBX1,49.636))
In the later periods of Middle English, ALRE, etc., is treated as a prefix (cf. MED alder-), and the word that it is part of is labelled as a unitary word (ADJS, ADVS, QS).
(NODE (NP-VOC (ADJS aldermy+gtfullichest)) <-- later Middle English texts
(ID CMEARLPS,54.2353))
(NODE (ADJP (ADJS althirhegeste))
(ID CMROLLTR,1.19))
(NODE (ADJP (ADJS al+tire-beste))
(ID CMEDTHOR,33.429))
(NODE (ADJP (ADJS (ADJS21 al+ter) (ADJS22 best)))
(ID CMCLOUD,79.362))
(NODE (ADJP-LOC (ADJS (ADJS21 al+ter) (ADJS22 next))
(NP (D +te) (N kyng)))
(ID CMBRUT3,66.1971))
(NODE (ADJP (ADJ myghty)
(PP (P of)
(NP (NS men))))
(ID CMMALORY,7.184))
(NODE (ADJP (ADJR fayrere)
(PP (P +ten)
(NP (D +te) (N sunne))))
(ID CMAELR3,26.20))
(NODE (ADJP (ADJ ware)
(PP (P of)
(NP (PRO$ their) (N departyng))))
(ID CMMALORY,2.19))
(NODE (ADJP (ADJ glad)
(PP (P of)
(NP (PRO$ their) (N comynge))))
(ID CMMALORY,12.335))
(NODE (ADJP (ADJ redy)
(IP-INF (PP (P with)
(NP (Q many) (NS knyghtes)))
(TO to)
(VB ryde)
(PP (P on)
(NP (N huntynge)))))
(ID CMMALORY,33.1036))
(NODE (ADJP (ADJ able)
(IP-INF (TO to)
(HV have)
(VBN macched)
(NP-OB1 (PRO us))))
(ID CMMALORY,57.1908))
(NODE (ADJP (ADJ worthy)
(IP-INF (TO to)
(VB lye)
(PP (P within)
(NP (D thys) (N+N chyrcheyarde)))))
(ID CMMALORY,643.4030))
(NODE (ADJP (ADJ glad)
(CP-THT (C that)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO$ hys) (NS knyghtes))
(BED were)
(VAN horsed)
(ADVP (ADV agayne)))))
(ID CMMALORY,23.724))
(NODE (ADJP (ADJ sory)
(CP-THT (C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
(HVD had)
(VBN displeased)
(NP-OB1 (NPR kynge) (NPR Arthure)))))
(ID CMMALORY,49.1633))
(NODE (ADJP (D +te) (ADJR schorter)
(CP-CMP (WADJP-1 0)
(C 0)
(IP-SUB (ADJP *T*-1)
(NP-SBJ (PRO it))
(BEP is))))
(ID CMCLOUD,28.228))
(NODE (ADJP (D the) (ADJR richer)
(CP-CMP (WADJP-1 0)
(C that)
(IP-SUB (ADJP *T*-1)
(NP-SBJ (PRO he))
(BEP is))))
(ID CMCTMELI,235.C1.680))
(NODE (ADJP (D the) (ADJR hyer)
(CP-CMP (WADJP-1 0)
(C that)
(IP-SUB (ADJP *T*-1)
(NP-SBJ (PRO they))
(BED were)
(PP (P in)
(NP (D this) (ADJ present) (N lyf))))))
(ID CMCTPARS,292.C1.153))
(NODE (ADJP (ADVR so) (ADJ currageous) (CP-DEG (C that) (IP-SUB (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO$ their) (NS enemyes)) (VBD shooke)) (CONJP (CONJ and) (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *con*) (VBD byverd) (PP (P for) (NP (N egirnesse)))))))) (ID CMMALORY,23.725)) (NODE (ADJP (ADVR so) (ADJ blody) (CP-DEG (C that) (IP-SUB (PP (P by) (NP (PRO$ hys) (N shylde))) (NP-SBJ-1 (EX there)) (MD myght) (NP-1 (Q no) (N man)) (VB know) (NP-OB1 (PRO hym))))) (ID CMMALORY,26.816)) (NODE (ADJP (ADVR so) (ADJ necligent) (CP-DEG (C that) (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO they)) (NEG ne) (VBP descharge) (NP-OB1 (PRO hem)) (NEG nat) (PP (P by) (CODE <P_298.C2>) (NP (N tyme)))))) (ID CMCTPARS,298.C2.429))
(NODE (ADJP (ADJ easie)
(CP-TMC (WNP-1 0)
(IP-INF (IP-INF (NP-OB1 *T*-1)
(TO to)
(VB mount))
(CONJP (CONJ and)
(IP-INF (TO *)
(VB get)
(PP (RP vp) (P vpon)
(NP *T*-1)))))))
(. ;))
(ID MARKHAM,1,71.10))
|
| Post-head ELSE and ENOUGH are treated slightly differently in the PPCME2 and the PPCEME/PCEEC. |
(NODE (ADJP (ADV passynge) (ADJ wyse))
(ID CMMALORY-S0,2.9))
(NODE (ADJP (ADV ryght) (ADJ wyse))
(ID CMMALORY-S0,34.1099))
(NODE (ADJP (ADV well) (ADJ ware))
(ID CMMALORY-S0,35.1135))
(NODE (ADJP (ADV wonderly) (ADJ wrothe))
(ID CMMALORY-S0,2.20))
(NODE (ADJP (ADV wood) (ADJ wrothe))
(ID CMMALORY-S0,26.798))
(NODE (ADJP (ADVR as) (ADJ longe))
(ID CMMALORY-S0,16.492))
(NODE (ADJP (ADVR soo) (ADJ noble))
(ID CMMALORY-S0,12.342))
(NODE (ADJP (QR more) (ADJ hardy))
(ID CMMALORY-S0,50.1652))
(NODE (ADJP (QS moste) (ADJ orgulus))
(ID CMMALORY-S0,43.1443))
(NODE (ADJP (QS moste) (ADJS shamefullyste))
(ID CMMALORY-S0,43.1448))
(NODE (ADJP (ADVP (ADV passynge) (ADV sore))
(ADJ seke))
(ID CMMALORY-S0,6.172))
(NODE (ADJP (ADVP (ADV ful) (ADV wel))
(ADJ worthy))
(ID CMCAPCHR-S0,249.4171))
(NODE (ADJP (ADVP (ADVR se) (ADV freoliche))
(ADJ feire))
(ID CMMARGA,76.351))
(NODE (ADJP (ADVP (ADVR so) (ADV preciously))
(VAN coverde)) <-- VAN head of ADJP
(ID CMMALORY,635.3779))
(NODE (ADJP (NP-MSR (Q+WPRO somwhat))
(ADJ syke))
(ID CMMALORY,59.1977))
(NODE (ADJP (NP-MSR (FP but) (Q halff) (D a) (N foote))
(ADJ brode))
(ID CMMALORY,70.2381))
(NODE (ADJP (NP-MSR (NUMP (D a) (NUM +tousend))
(NS zy+te)) <-- times
(ADJR worse))
(ID CMAYENBI,265.2557))
(NODE (ADJP (NP-MSR (NP (D a) (N fote))
(CONJP (CONJ &)
(NP (D an) (NUM half))))
(ADJ long))
(ID CMMANDEV,6.95))
Adverb phrases (ADVP) consist of an adverb head, possibly accompanied by modifiers and/or complements. The different types of adverb phrase that we distinguish (directional, locative, temporal, etc.) are discussed under Clausal constituents.
(NODE (ADVP (ADV wel))
(ID CMMALORY,2.12))
(NODE (ADVP-TMP (ADV thenne))
(ID CMMALORY,2.17))
(NODE (ADVP (ADV sodenly))
(ID CMMALORY,2.18))
(NODE (ADVP (ADV pryvely))
(ID CMMALORY,4.98))
(NODE (ADVP-TMP (ADV dayly))
(ID CMMALORY,5.120))
(NODE (ADVP (ADVR so) (ADV welle)
(PP (P as)
(NP (PRO he))))
(ID CMMALORY,17.535))
(NODE (ADVP (ADVR so) (ADV wel)
(PP (P as)
(NP (PRO$ her) (ADJ owne))))
(ID CMMALORY,10.275))
(NODE (ADVP (ADVR so) (ADV well)
(PP (P as)
(CP-CMP (WADVP-1 0)
(C 0)
(IP-SUB (ADVP *T*-1)
(NP-SBJ (PRO they))
(MD myght)
(VB *)))))
(ID CMMALORY,200.3156))
(NODE (ADVP-TMP (ADVR as) (ADV sone)
(PP (P as)
(CP-CMP (WADVP-1 0)
(C 0)
(IP-SUB (ADVP-TMP *T*-1)
(NP-SBJ (NPR sir) (NPR Kay))
(VBD saw)
(NP-OB1 (D the) (N swerd))))))
(ID CMMALORY,8.232))
(NODE (ADVP (QR more) (ADV opynly)
(PP (P than)
(CP-CMP (WADVP-1 0)
(C 0)
(IP-SUB (ADVP *T*-1)
(NP-SBJ (PRO hit))
(HVP hath)
(BEN bene)
(VAN shewed)
(ADVP-LOC (ADV here))))))
(ID CMMALORY,635.3781))
(NODE (ADVP (ADVR so) (ADV fersely)
(CP-DEG (C that)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (D the) (NS strokis))
(VBD $redounded)
(ADVP (ADV agayne))
(PP (P fro)
(NP (NP (D the) (N woode))
(CONJP (CONJ and)
(NP (D the) (N watir))))))))
(ID CMMALORY,25.789))
|
| Post-head ENOUGH is treated slightly differently in the PPCME2 and the PPCEME/PCEEC. |
(NODE (ADVP (ADV full) (ADV well))
(ID CMMALORY,16.511))
(NODE (ADVP (ADV passynge) (ADV sore))
(ID CMMALORY,6.172))
(NODE (ADVP (ADV ryght) (ADV so))
(ID CMMALORY,15.449))
(NODE (ADVP (ADVR soo) (ADV sodenly))
(ID CMMALORY,2.20))
(NODE (ADVP (ADVR so) (ADV profitable))
(ID CMAELR3,27.37))
(NODE (ADVP (QR more) (ADV esily))
(ID CMMANDEV,35.859))
(NODE (ADVP (QP (D +te) (QR more))
(ADV ble+telaker))
(ID CMAYENBI,69.1284))
(NODE (ADVP (Q all) (ADV togydirs))
(ID CMMALORY,27.837))
(NODE (ADVP (Q all) (ADV uttirly))
(ID CMMALORY,191.2819))
(NODE (ADVP-TMP (ADV euermore) (ADV after))
(ID CMBRUT3,65.1948))
(NODE (ADVP-TMP (NP-MSR (NUM ij) (NS dayes))
(ADV aftyr))
(ID CMGREGOR-S0,186.1353))
(NODE (ADVP-DIR (NP-MSR (NUM x) (N myle))
(ADV thens))
(ID CMKEMPE-S0,114.2626))
(NODE (ADVP (NP-MSR (NUM halffe))
(ADVR so) (ADV sore))
(ID CMMALORY-S0,46.1511))
( (FRAG (INTJ Nay)
(, ,)
(ADVP (ADV dredeles))
(E_S ;))
(ID CMAELR3,36.303))
( (FRAG (CONJ And)
(NP (Q no) (N wonder))
(E_S ;))
(ID CMAELR3,52.812))
( (FRAG (PP (P In)
(NP (NPR Lente)))
(NP (ONE o) (N manere)
(PP (P of)
(NP (N potage))))
(NP-TMP (Q euery) (N day))
(, ,)
(PP (P but)
(CP-ADV (C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (N siknesse))
(NP-OB1 (PRO it))
(VBP make))))
(E_S ;))
(ID CMAELR4,9.211))
( (FRAG (NP (NPR Aue))
(, ;)
(NP (NPR In) (NPR conyertendo))
(, ;)
(NP-MSR (NUM fif) (NS si+d+den)) <-- five times
(E_S .))
(ID CMANCRIW,I.70.271))
( (IP-IMP-SPE (' ')
(INTJ A)
(, ,)
(NP-VOC (NPR sir) (NPR Arthure))
(, ,)
(' ')
(IP-MAT-PRN (VBD seyde)
(NP-SBJ (NP (NPR kynge) (NPR Ban))
(CONJP (CONJ and)
(NP (NPR kynge) (NPR Bors)))))
(, ,)
(' ')
(VBI blame)
(NP-OB1 (PRO hem))
(NEG nat)
(E_S ,))
(ID CMMALORY,27.840))
( (IP-MAT-SPE (' ')
(INTJ Nay)
(, ,)
(' ')
(IP-MAT-PRN (VBD seyde)
(NP-SBJ (D the) (NS kyngis)))
(, ,)
(' ')
(NP-SBJ (PRO ye))
(MD shall)
(NEG nat)
(VB *)
(PP (P at)
(NP (D thys) (N tyme)))
(E_S ,))
(ID CMMALORY,31.985))
( (IP-MAT-SPE (' ')
(INTJ Alas)
(, !)
(' ')
(IP-MAT-PRN (VBD seyde)
(NP-SBJ (D the) (NUM eleven) (NS kyngis)))
(, ,)
(' ')
(ADVP-LOC (ADV here))
(NP-SBJ=1 *exp*)
(BEP ys)
(NP=1 (N sorow)
(PP (P uppon)
(NP (N sorow))))
(E_S ,))
(ID CMMALORY,32.1004))
The label INTJP is used in the following cases:
( (INTJP (INTJ Amen)
(E_S .))
(ID CMAELR3,60.1033))
( (IP-MAT-SPE (' ')
(INTJP (INTJ A) (INTJ ha))
(, ,)
(' ')
(IP-MAT-PRN (VBD seyde)
(NP-SBJ (NPR Ban) (CONJ and) (NPR Bors)))
(, ,)
(' ')
(NP-SBJ (PRO they))
(BED were)
(NP-OB1 (PRO$ oure) (ADJ good) (NS frendis))
(E_S .))
(ID CMMALORY,16.495))
( (IP-MAT (INTJP (INTJ weila) (INTJ wei))
(NP-SBJ (QP (ADVR as) (Q feole))) <-- as manu
(DOP do+d)
(ADVP (ADV +tus))
(E_S .))
(ID CMANCRIW,II.199.2832))
( (INTJP (INTJ Allas)
(NP (D +te) (N sorwe))
(E_S !))
(ID CMBRUT3,219.3922))
(NODE (INTJP (INTJ Alas)
(PP (P to)
(NP (PRO me))))
(ID CMEARLPS,156.6965))
(NODE (INTJP (INTJ allas)
(CP-THT (C +tat)
(IP-SUB (ADVP-TMP (ADV euer))
(NP-SBJ (PRO he))
(VBD come)
(PP (P into)
(NP (D +tat) (N Lande))))))
(ID CMBRUT3,18.541))
( (INTJP (INTJ Amen)
(PP (P for)
(NP (N cheryte)))
(E_S .))
(ID CMGREGOR,232.2429))
( (INTJP (INTJ Farewel)
(, ,)
(NP-VOC (ADJ goostly) (N freende))
(, ,)
(PP (P in)
(NP (NP (NPR$ Goddes) (N blessing))
(CONJP (CONJ &)
(NP (PRO$ myne)))))
(E_S !))
(ID CMCLOUD,133.823))
(NODE (INTJP (INTJ fye)
(PP (P for)
(NP (N shame))))
(ID CMMALORY,207.3407))
(NODE (INTJP (INTJ Fye)
(PP (P on)
(NP (PRO the))))
(ID CMMALORY,207.3437))
(NODE (INTJP (INTJ Lo)
(NP (D +tis))
(E_S ,))
(ID CMANCRIW,I.50.102))
(NODE (INTJP (NP-VOC (N Womman))
(, ,)
(INTJ lo)
(NP (PRO$ thy) (N sone)))
(ID CMAELR4,21.643))
( (INTJP (INTJ lo)
(ADVP-LOC (ADV her))
(NP (N preoue)
(PP (P of)
(NP (Q ba+de))))
(E_S .))
(ID CMANCRIW,II.179.2497))
( (INTJP (PP (P a+gein)
(NP (N misdede) (CONJ o+der) (N (N21 mis) (N22 sa+ge))))
(, .)
(INTJ lo)
(ADVP-LOC (ADV her))
(ADVP-TMP (ADV anonden))
(NP (D +te) (ADJS beste) (N remedie)))
(ID CMANCRIW,II.101.1215))
( (INTJP (INTJ loo)
(, ,)
(CP-QUE (WNP-1 (WPRO what))
(C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-OB1 *T*-1)
(VBP seith)
(NP-SBJ (NPR Seint) (NPR Augustyn))))
(E_S :))
(ID CMCTPARS,308.C2.866))
( (INTJP (INTJ Lo)
(CP-QUE (WADVP-1 (WADV howe) (ADV sone))
(C 0)
(IP-SUB (ADVP *T*-1)
(NP-SBJ (PRO they))
(MD couthe)
(VB play)
(NP-OB1 (D the) (NS nygardys))))
(E_S !))
(ID CMGREGOR,238.2601))
( (INTJP (INTJ Walawa)
(NP (NP (D +tessere) (N lare))
(CONJP (CONJ and)
(NP (D +desere) (N dade))))
(E_S !))
(ID CMVICES1,127.1568))
(NODE (INTJP (INTJ wumme)
(CP-THT (C +tt)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO ich))
(VBP libbe)))
(IP-MAT-PRN (VBD q+d)
(NP-SBJ (PRO he)))
(E_S .))
(ID CMJULIA,124.503))
(NODE (PP (PP (P by)
(INTJP (INTJ yea)))
(CONJP (CONJ and)
(PP (P by)
(INTJP (INTJ nay)))))
(ID PENNY,150.270))
|
| PPs that are used as interjections (BY MY FAITH, etc.) are labelled as ordinary PPs and not surrounded by INTJP brackets. They differ in this respect from vocatives and other NPs used as interjections (DEAR GOD, etc). |
( (IP-IMP-SPE (INTJP (WPRO what))
(NP-VOC (ADJ good) (N lord))
(VBI late)
(IP-SMC (NP-SBJ (PRO it))
(ADJP (ADJ allone))))
(ID CMREYNAR,12.215))
( (IP-MAT-SPE (" ")
(INTJP (INTJ O) (PRO$ my) (N nory))
(, ,)
(" ")
(IP-MAT-PRN (VBD quod)
(NP-SBJ (PRO sche)))
(, ,)
(" ")
(NP-SBJ (PRO I))
(HVP have)
(NP-OB1 (ADJ greet) (N gladnesse)
(PP (P of)
(NP (PRO the))))
(E_S ,))
(ID CMBOETH,436.C2.327))
( (IP-MAT-SPE (" ")
(INTJP (FW ma) (FW foy))
(, ,)
(" ")
(IP-MAT-PRN (VBD quod)
(NP-SBJ (D +te) (N fader)))
(, ,)
(" ")
(NP-SBJ (PRO y))
(MD may)
(NP-OB1 (QP (Q no) (QR more)))
(VB axen)
(E_S .)
(" "))
(ID CMBRUT3,17.498))
( (IP-MAT (INTJP (INTJ O) (ADJ goode) (NPR God))
(, ,)
(ADVP (ADV wel))
(MD oghte)
(NP-SBJ (MAN man))
(HV have)
(NP-OB1 (N desdayn)
(PP (P of)
(NP (N synne)))))
(ID CMCTPARS,290.C2.100))
(NODE (NP-OB1 (N warre))
(ID CMMALORY,2.6))
(NODE (NP-OB1 (PRO$ his) (N wyf))
(ID CMMALORY,2.8))
(NODE (NP (D a) (ADJ fair) (N lady))
(ID CMMALORY,2.9))
(NODE (NP (NPR Uther) (NPR Pendragon))
(ID CMMALORY,2.6))
(NODE (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
(ID CMMALORY,2.6))
(NODE (NP-SBJ (ONE one))
(ID CMMALORY,33.1060))
(NODE (NP-SBJ (D the) (ONE one))
(ID CMMALORY,2.34))
(NODE (NP (D the) (ADJ red) (ONES ones)))
(NODE (NP (OTHER othir))
(ID CMMALORY,16.483))
(NODE (NP (D+OTHER another))
(ID CMMALORY,23.707))
(NODE (NP-SBJ (D that) (OTHER other))
(ID CMMALORY,15.442))
(NODE (NP (Q many) (OTHERS other))
(ID CMMALORY,10.299))
(NODE (NP-SBJ (QR mo) (OTHERS other))
(ID CMMALORY,13.362))
(NODE (NP-SBJ (N somer) (N tyme))
(ID CMBRUT3,106.3204))
(NODE (NP-OB1 (N knaue) (N child))
(ID CMLAMB1,77.81))
(NODE (NP-OB1 (D +te) (N angel) (N message))
(ID CMAELR3,39.380))
(NODE (NP-DIR (D the) (N est) (N lyne))
(ID CMASTRO,667.C2.146))
(NODE (NP-SBJ (D +te) (N +tef) (N traitoure))
(ID CMBRUT3,128.3854))
(NODE (NP-OB1 (D the) (N draught) (N brygge)
(PP (P of)
(NP (NPR London))))
(ID CMGREGOR,193.1488))
(NODE (NP-OB1 (D the) (ADJ harde) (N alebastir) (N boxe)
(PP (P of)
(NP (PRO$ thyn) (N hert))))
(ID CMAELR4,20.560))
For forms of address (SIR KNIGHT) and names (UTHER PENDRAGON, KING ARTHUR), see the discussion of noun-noun compounds in connection with proper nouns.
Although strings of two or three nouns making up a noun phrase are
generally noun compounds, some (for instance, FRIENDS, ROMANS,
COUNTRYMEN) are conjunction
structures without an overt conjunction.
Most commonly in such cases the head is some generic noun like ONE
or THING, but it can be a specific noun (usually elided under identity).
NPs with empty heads
An NP without an overt nominal element (N, NPR, ONE, OTHER,
PRO, and corresponding plurals) is assumed to have an empty nominal
head. This is not indicated, however, except by the NP label.
An NP may consist entirely of a demonstrative, adjective, number,
quantifier, or possessive pronoun acting pronominally, or of phrases
containing these elements, as illustrated by the following examples and
as discussed in more detail below.
(NODE (NP (D the) (ADJ poor)))
(NODE (NP (D the) (ADJ rich)))
(NODE (NP-MSR (ADJ long))
(ID CMMALORY,3.62))
(NODE (NP-OB1 (ADJ inow))
(ID CMMALORY,28.896))
(NODE (NP-SBJ (D that))
(ID CMMALORY,2.26))
(NODE (NP (NUM thre))
(ID CMMALORY,4.91))
(NODE (NP-OB1 (NUMP (NUM fyftene) (NUM thousand)))
(ID CMMALORY,18.562))
(NODE (NP-SBJ (Q many))
(ID CMMALORY,7.185))
(NODE (NP-SBJ (Q none))
(ID CMMALORY,8.200))
(NODE (NP (PRO$ myn))
(ID CMMALORY,3.56))
(NODE (NP (ADJP (ADJ hyghe) (CONJ and) (ADJ lowe)))
(ID CMMALORY,209.3500))
(NODE (NP (D the) (ADJ last))
(ID CMMALORY,4.104))
(NODE (NP (D the) (ADJR wers))
(ID CMMALORY,13.393))
(NODE (NP-OB1 (D the) (ADJ same))
(ID CMMALORY,28.873))
(NODE (NP-OB1 (PRO$ your) (ADJS best))
(ID CMMALORY,2.24))
(NODE (NP-OB1 (Q Alle) (D this))
(ID CMMALORY,3.58))
(NODE (NP (NP (D a)
(ADJP (ADV passyng) (ADJ true))
(N man))
(CONJP (CONJ and)
(NP (D a) (ADJ feithful))))
(ID CMMALORY,5.139))
(NODE (NP-OB1 (NP (D a) (ADJ fair) (N lady))
(CONJP (CONJ and)
(NP (D a)
(ADJP (ADV passynge) (ADJ wyse)))))
(ID CMMALORY,2.9))
Comparative adjectives as heads of NP
At the clausal level, comparative adjectives accompanied by a determiner
are labelled as either NP or ADJP,
depending on whether they are functioning as referring expressions or as
predicates. They are labelled NP when the phrase in question
functions as a noun phrase (subject, object of verb or preposition,
etc.). This includes cases where the phrase clearly picks out a
particular entity, even if the phrase is the complement of a copular verb. Otherwise,
comparative adjectives project an ADJP.
( (IP-MAT (PP (P When)
(CP-ADV (C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (ONE ane))
(VBP metis)
(NP-OB1 (D+OTHER a-no+tir)))))
(, ,)
(NP-SBJ (D +te) (ADJR yunger))
(MD sal)
(NEG noht)
(VB sitte)
(PP (P bi)
(NP (PRO hir)))
(, ,)
(PP (P bot)
(CP-ADV (C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO sho))
(HVP haue)
(NP-OB1 (N leue)))))
(E_S ;))
(ID CMBENRUL,41.1312))
(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (Q no) (N man))
(MD cou+te)
(VB deme)
(NP-OB1 (D +te) (ADJR bettre)
(PP (P of)
(NP (PRO ham)))))
(ID CMBRUT3,79.2416))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
(NP-SBJ (D +te) (ADJR stronggyr))
(VBD eete)
(NP-OB1 (D +te) (CODE <P_85>) (ADJR wekir))
(E_S .))
(ID CMSIEGE,85.447))
(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
(BED was)
(NP-OB1 (D +te) (ADJR +gongyr))) <-- referring expression, not predicate
(ID CMMIRK,93.2510))
Context: But when Esav was goon, by techyng of hys modyr and
sleght, Iacob +tat was +te +gongyr, gate hys fadyrys blessyng
(CMMIRK,93.2510)
( (IP-MAT-SPE (NP-SBJ (D that))
(BEP is)
(NP-OB1 (D the) (ADJS foulest))
(. ,))
(ID ARMIN,45.383))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
(ADVP (ADV so))
(NP-SBJ (D +tis) (N secte))
(BEP is)
(NP-OB1 (ADJS best) <-- no determiner, but referential
(CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
(C +tat)
(IP-SUB (NP-OB1 *T*-1)
(NP-SBJ (Q any) (N man))
(MD may)
(HV haue)))))
(ID CMWYCSER,265.698))
|
| See also Measure phrase modifiers of N. |
Bare NP complements of nouns are labelled NP-COM. This includes cases where a genitive NP in early texts corresponds to an OF phrase in later English. NP-COM continues to occur into Modern English, especially with ABOARD, AMID, HALF, and SIDE.
The complement may precede or follow the head and consist of one or more than one word.
(NODE (NP (N gewittnysse)
(NP-COM (NP (PRO$ hire) (N$ m+age+dhades))
(CONJP (CONJ &)
(NP (PRO$ hire) (N$ eadmodnysse)))))
(ID CMKENTHO,135.29))
(NODE (NP (N m+aigne)
(NP-COM (ADJ unw+ammes) (N$ m+age+dhades)))
(ID CMKENTHO,134.22))
(NODE (NP (N moder)
(NP-COM (NP-COM (D +te) (ADJ ilke) (N$ zodes))
(, /)
(CONJP (CONJ and)
(NP (NP-COM (PRO$ oure) (NPR$ lhordes)
(NP-PRN (NPR iesu) (NPR$ cristes)))))))
(ID CMAYENBI,266.2603))
(NODE (NP-OB1 (Q sum) (N d+al)
(NP-COM (PRO$ heora) (N$ gewilles)))
(ID CMKENTHO,143.224))
(NODE (NP-TMP (D +t+as) (ADJ formeste) (N d+a+ges)
(NP-COM (D +t+are) (N$ wuca)))
(ID CMKENTHO,144.258))
COUPLE, HALF, MANNER, MIDDLE, NEED, SIDE, WOE; see also KIND.
(NODE (NP (NUM thirty) (N coupyl) <-- couple
(NP-COM (NS houndes)))
(ID CMMALORY,33.1049))
(NODE (NP (D this) (N half) <-- half
(NP-COM (D the) (N see)))
(ID CMMANDEV,13.268))
(NODE (NP (D this) (N half)
(NP-COM (NPR damasce)))
(ID CMMANDEV,82.2060))
(NODE (NP (D +tis) (N half)
(NP-COM (D +ta) (NS muntes)))
(ID CMPETERB,52.312))
(NODE (NP (Q ech) (N manyere) <-- manner
(NP-COM (N$ lykinges)))
(ID CMAYENBI,112.2168))
(NODE (NP-SBJ (D +teose) (NUM twa) (N manere)
(NP-COM (N$ meonestrales)))
(ID CMANCRIW-1,II.67.738))
(NODE (NP (D a) (N maner))
(NP-COM (ADJ fals) (N drede))
(ID CMAELR3,31.139))
(NODE (NP-OB1 (Q no) (N maner)
(NP-COM (N harm)))
(ID CMMANDEV,15.331))
(NODE (NP (N myddis) <-- middle
(NP-COM (D the) (N breste)))
(ID CMMALORY,663.4711))
(NODE (NP (N myddis)
(NP-COM (D the) (N shelde)))
(ID CMMALORY,39.1287))
(NODE (NP-1 (N neod) <-- need
(NP-COM (D +te) (ADJR betere) (N warde)))
(ID CMANCRIW,I.44.48))
(NODE (NP-1 (Q nan) (N neod)
(NP-COM (N medicine)))
(ID CMANCRIW,II.136.1803))
(NODE (NP (D this) (N syde) <-- side
(NP-COM (NPR Trente) (N watir)))
(ID CMMALORY,19.579))
(NODE (NP (Q euery) (N side)
(NP-COM (D +tat) (ADJ Gentil) (N Erl)))
(ID CMBRUT3,220.3947))
(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (N wa) <-- woe
(NP-COM *ICH*-1))
(BEP bi+d)
(NP-OB1 (PRO him))
(NP-COM-1 (PRO$ hise) (N$ liues)))
(ID CMANCRIW,II.142.1903))
(NODE (NP (NP-COM (Q sumes) (N$ kennes)) <-- FISH OF SOME KIND
(N fisc)))
KIND was either singular CUNNES, etc. or plural CUNNE, etc. Some texts, such as the Ormulum and the Katherine Group, maintain this distinction faithfully, while others, such as Ancrene Riwle and the Trinity Homilies are less consistent, either using both CUNNES and CUNNE in the same contexts, or not following any easily discernable pattern. The Lambeth Homilies seem to use the singular form in all contexts, whether singular or plural. Therefore, in texts from the first Middle English period (M1), KIND is marked as singular or plural by form rather than by context.
(NODE (NP (NP-COM (Q naness) (N$ kinness)) <-- early texts
(N shaffte))
(ID CMORM,DED.L257.54))
(NODE (NP (NP-COM (Q alle) (NS$ kinne))
(N wise))
(ID CMORM,I,27.323))
(NODE (NP (NP-COM (NUM ni+ghenn) (NS$ kinne))
(N +teode))
(ID CMORM,I,34.375))
(NODE (NP (NP-COM (NUM +treo) (N$ cunes))
(NS wepnes))
(ID CMANCRIW,II.51.461))
(NODE (NP-OB1 (NP-COM (D +Dese) (NUM fower) (NS$ kinne))
(NS teares))
(ID CMTRINIT,151.2019))
(NODE (NP-SBJ (NP-COM (NUM Fuwer) (N$ kinnes))
(NS men))
(ID CMTRINIT,123.1646))
This construction is later reanalyzed, so that FISH OF SOME KIND becomes SOME KIND(S) (OF) FISH. In texts from later periods of Middle English, the few examples of KIND that occur without OF are treated as heads with an NP-COM complement.
(NODE (NP (Q some) (NS kinds) <-- later texts
(NP-COM (N fish))))
(NODE (NP (Q some) (NS kinds)
(PP (P of)
(NP (N fish)))))
(NODE (NP-SBJ (Q no) (N kynne)
(NP-COM (N vertew)))
(ID CMWYCSER,370.2575))
(NODE (NP-OB1 (Q no) (N kynne)
(NP-COM (N +ting)
(PP (P but)
(NP (PRO hym)))))
(ID CMWYCSER,370.2590))
(NODE (NP-1 (D +te)
(NP-COM (Q$ alre))
(ADJS unwur+teste) (N wig))
(ID CMTRINIT,89.1185))
(NODE (NP-PRN (ADJS hegest)
(NP-COM (Q$ alre))
(N lor+tew)
(PP (P after)
(NP (PRO$ ure) (NPR helende)
(NP-PRN (N seluen)))))
(ID CMTRINIT,153.2043))
(NODE (NP-OB1 (D +te)
(NP-COM (Q$ alre)
(CP-REL *ICH*-3))
(ADJS wiseste)
(CP-REL-3 (WNP-4 0)
(C +te)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-4)
(VBP wune+d)
(PP (P bi)
(NP (N westen))))))
(ID CMKATHE,28.141))
For the treatment of offices containing adjectives (ATTORNEY GENERAL, LORD CHIEF JUSTICE, LORD HIGH ADMIRAL, and the like), see Proper nouns, especially N + N and Offices.
(NODE (NP-OB1 (ADJ solitarye) (N lyf))
(ID CMAELR3,26.5))
(NODE (NP-OB1 (D a)
(ADJP (ADV passyng) (ADJ good))
(N woman))
(ID CMMALORY,2.15))
(NODE (NP (NPR God)
(ADJP (ADJ almyghty))) <-- posthead modifier treated as phrase
(ID CMMIRK,126.3381))
(NODE (NP (D +te) (NUM fyue) (NS wondys)
(ADJP (ADJ principale))
(PP (P of)
(NP (PRO$ hys) (N body))))
(ID CMMIRK,126.3390))
(NODE (NP (D the) (NUM four) (NS Evangelistes))
(ID CMMALORY,4.73))
(NODE (NP (NUMP (D a) (NUM hundrez))
(N sep)) <-- sheep
(ID CMBENRUL,22.762))
(NODE (NP (NS lotess)
(NUMP (NUM fowwre) (CONJ &) (NUM twennti+g)))
(ID CMORM,I,14.239))
(NODE (NP (Q all) (NPR Englond))
(ID CMMALORY,2.6))
(NODE (NP (QP (ADV ny) (Q al))
(D +te) (N cuntre')
(PP (P aboute)
(NP (NPR Rome))))
(ID CMCAPCHR,85.1599))
(NODE (NP-OB1 (QP (ADVR to) (Q mech))
(N wyn))
(ID CMKEMPE,69.1564))
(NODE (NP-OB1 (PRO hem)
(QP (Q alle))) <-- posthead modifier treated as phrase
(ID CMAELR3,42.459))
(NODE (NP (PRO$ his) (NS feola+ges)
(QP (Q alle)))
(ID CMANCRIW,II.160.2190))
(NODE (NP-OB1 (N fruyt)
(QP (ADVR as) (Q mony) <-- no NP-MSR
(PP (P as)
(CP-CMP (WNP-5 0)
(C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ-4 *exp*)
(BED wer)
(NP-4 (NP-MSR *T*-5)
(NS sterres)
(PP (P of)
(NP (NPR Heuen)))))))))
(ID CMMIRK,77.2054))
(NODE (NP-OB1 (NP-MSR (NUM fyftene) (NS dayes))
(N journey))
(ID CMMALORY,62.2091))
(NODE (NP-OB1 (Q any) (ADJ longe) (NS pykys)
(NP-MSR (NUMP (ADV passynge) (NUM ij))
(NS yenchys)
(PP (P of)
(NP (N lengthe)))))
(ID CMGREGOR,238.2603))
(NODE (NP-TMP (NUM twice)
(NP-MSR (D a) (N week))))
(NODE (NP (NUMP (NUM fifty) (NUM thousand))
(NS pounds)
(NP-MSR (D a) (N year))))
(NODE (NP (N sugar)
(NP-MSR (NUM five) (NS pounds))))
(NODE (NP (NUM five) (NS pounds) <-- note NP-COM with inverse word order
(NP-COM (N sugar))))
|
| Not all genitive/possessive dependents of N are treated as modifiers. See Complements of N for details. |
(NODE (NP-OB1 (PRO$ his) (N wyf))
(ID CMMALORY,2.8))
(NODE (NP-PRN (NPR$ Godis) (N uoice))
(ID CMBENRUL,2.13))
(NODE (NP-OB1 (NPR$ Sylveynes) (N sone))
(ID CMBRUT3,6.121))
(NODE (NP (NP-POS (D a) (N$ beggars))
(N aray))
(ID CMMALORY,3.49))
(NODE (NP-SBJ (NP-POS (NPR kyng) (NPR$ Uthers))
(NS men))
(ID CMMALORY,6.167))
(NODE (NP (NP-POS (D a) (N$ man's))
(N thoghte)))
When the genitive is not grouped with a word that precedes it within the NP, this reflects that the word preceding the genitive modifies not it, but the complex consisting of the genitive and the head. The complex itself is not explicitly bracketed.
(NODE (NP-SBJ (Q euch) (N$ worldes) (N sauur)) <-- each [world's taste]
(ID CMANCRIW,II.82.979)) = each taste of the world
(NODE (NP (D +Teose) (N$ heorte) (NS wunden)) <-- these [heart wounds]
(ID CMANCRIW,II.201.2868)) = these wounds of the heart
(NODE (NP-SBJ (SUCH such) (N$ worldys) (N murthe)) <-- such mirth of the world
(ID CMMIRK,64.1739))
(NODE (NP-OB1 (Q alle) (OTHER o+ture) (N$ monnes) (NS wittes)) <-- all other wits of men
(ID CMEDVERN,260.877))
Note the difference between the following two structures:
(NODE (NP (PRO$ hire) (N$ meidene) (N wombe)) <-- her [maiden's womb]
(ID CMANCRIW,II.62.634))
(NODE (NP (NP-POS (PRO$ hire) (N$ meidene)) <-- [her maiden's] womb
(N wombe)))
The following examples illustrate our treatment of cases involving the possessive clitic ('S, S). See Dollar tag for the conventions splitting off the dollar tag and adding emendations.
(NODE (NP (NP-POS (NPR Peter)
($ his))
(N peny)))
(NODE (NP (NP-POS (D +Te) (N kyng)
($ his))
(N wyf)))
(NODE (NP (NP-POS (D the) (N Lord)
(PP (P of)
(NP (NPR$ Bodmins)))) <-- no emendation in this case
(N hat)))
(NODE (NP (NP-POS (D the) (N Lord)
(PP (P of)
(NP (NPR $Bodmin)))
($ $'s)
(CODE {TEXT:Bodmin's})) <-- emendation because of apostrophe
(N hat)))
(NODE (NP (NP-POS (D the) (N Lord)
(PP (P of)
(NP (NPR Bodmin)))
($ s)) <-- clitic separate word in original
(N hat)))
(NODE (NP (NP-POS (D the) (N Lord)
(PP (P of)
(NP (NPR Bodmin)))
($ 's)) <-- clitic separate word in original
(N hat)))
(NODE (NP (NP-POS (NPR God)
(ADJP (ADJ $almighty))
($ $s))
(CODE {TEXT:almightys}) <-- emendation because clitic attached to ADJ
(N mercy)))
(NODE (NP (NP-POS (NPR God)
(ADJP (ADJ $almighty))
($ $'s))
(CODE {TEXT:almighty's}) <-- emendation because of apostrophe
(N mercy)))
(NODE (NP (NP-POS (NPR God)
(ADJP (ADJ almighty))
($ s)) <-- clitic separate word in original
(N mercy)))
(NODE (NP (NP-POS (NPR God)
(ADJP (ADJ almighty))
($ 's)) <-- clitic separate word in original
(N mercy)))
(NODE (NP-OB1 (N kynge)
(PP (P of)
(NP (Q all) (NPR Englond))))
(ID CMMALORY,2.6))
(NODE (NP (D the) (NS dayes)
(PP (P of)
(NP (NPR Uther) (NPR Pendragon))))
(ID CMMALORY,2.6))
(NODE (NP (NP (D the) (NPR Resurreccion))
(CONJP (CONJ and)
(NP (D the) (NPR Passion)))
(PP (P of) <-- attachment as high as possible
(NP (PRO$ oure) (N Lorde)
(NP-PRN (NPR Jesu) (NPR Cryste)))))
(ID CMMALORY,666.4834))
(NODE (NP-OB1 (NP (D a) (ADJ ryche) (N bedde))
(CONJP (CONJ and)
(NP (D a) (ADJ fayre)))
(, ,)
(PP (P as) <-- attachment as high as possible
(PP (P of)
(NP (N cloth)
(PP (P of)
(NP (N sylke) (CONJ and) (N golde)))))))
(ID CMMALORY,660.4610))
(NODE (NP (D the) (ADJS byggest) (N castell)
(CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
(C that)
(IP-SUB (NP-OB1 *T*-1)
(NP-SBJ (PRO he))
(HVP hath))))
(ID CMMALORY,2.32))
(NODE (NP (PRO he)
(CP-REL (WNP-3 0)
(C that)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-3)
(MD shal)
(BE be)
(NP-OB1 (ADJ rightwys) (N kyng)
(PP (P of)
(NP (D this) (N land)))))))
(ID CMMALORY,9.253))
(NODE (NP (D the) (N castel)
(PP (P of)
(NP (NPR Terrabyl)))
(, ,)
(CP-REL (WNP-1 (D the) (WPRO whiche))
(C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
(HVD had)
(NP-OB1 (Q many) (NS yssues)
(CONJP (CONJ and)
(NX (NS posternes))))
(RP oute))))
(ID CMMALORY,3.36))
(NODE (NP (Q all) (D the) (NS lordes)
(CONJP (CONJ and)
(NX (NS comyns)))
(CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
(C that)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
(BED were)
(ADVP-LOC (ADV there)))))
(ID CMMALORY,11.303))
(NODE (NP (NP (D the) (N Knyght)
(PP (P with)
(NP (D the) (NUM Two) (NS Swerdis))))
(CONJP (CONJ and)
(NP (PRO$ hys) (N brothir)))
(, ,)
(CP-REL (WNP-1 (WPRO which))
(C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
(BEP ar)
(NP-OB1 (NUM two) (ADJ mervayles) (NS knyghtes)
(PP (P of)
(NP (N prouesse)))))))
(ID CMMALORY,56.1873))
|
| Reduced relatives (RRC) headed by participles are not always easy to distinguish from participial clauses (IP-PPL). It is wise in searches for one category to include the other. |
(NODE (NP-OB1 (D the) (N child)
(RRC (VAN bound)
(PP (P in)
(NP (D a) (N cloth)
(PP (P of)
(NP (N gold)))))))
(ID CMMALORY,6.149))
(NODE (NP (D a) (N boye)
(RRC (PP (P of)
(NP (Q no) (ADJ hyghe) (N blood)))
(VAN borne)))
(ID CMMALORY,10.284))
(NODE (NP-OB1 (NS messyngers)
(PP (P unto)
(NP (NPR kyng) (NPR Ban)
(CONJP (CONJ and)
(NX (NPR Bors)))))
(RRC (VAN isente)
(PP (P frome)
(NP (NPR kynge) (NPR Arthure)))))
(ID CMMALORY,15.459))
(NODE (NP-1 (D an) (VAN armed) (N knyght)
(RRC (VAN bounden)))
(ID CMMALORY,190.2777))
Noun phrases of the type THE LORD DAWKINS, MILADY DELAWARE are treated by default as appositive structures.
(NODE (NP-OB2 (D the) (N duke)
(NP-PRN (PRO$ her) (N husband)))
(ID CMMALORY,2.17))
(NODE (NP-OB1 (Q al) (PRO$ your) (N hert)
(NP-PRN (Q every) (N dele))) <-- every part
(ID CMMALORY,3.70))
(NODE (NP-OB1 (NPR god)
(NP-PRN (PRO+N him-selfe)))
(ID CMBENRUL,26.885))
(NODE (NP-SBJ (D +te) (N Kyng)
(PP (P of)
(NP (NPR Fraunce)))
(, ,)
(NP-PRN (NPR Agampe)))
(ID CMBRUT3,17.512))
(NODE (NP-OB1 (PRO$ his) (ADJ owen) (N cosyn)
(, ,)
(CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
(C +tat)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
(BED was)
(NP-OB1 (NP-POS (PRO$ his) (N$ Vncles))
(N sone))))
(, ,)
(NP-PRN (D a)
(ADJP (ADJ noble)
(CONJP *ICH*-2))
(N kny+gt)
(CONJP-2 (CONJ and)
(ADJ stronge)))
(, ,)
(CP-REL (WNP-3 0)
(C +tat)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (MAN me))
(VBD callede)
(IP-SMC (NP-SBJ *T*-3)
(NP-OB1 (NPR Maximian))))))
(ID CMBRUT3,42.1280))
( (IP-MAT-SPE (' ')
(PP (P If)
(CP-ADV (C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (D thys))
(BEP be)
(ADJP (ADJ sothe)))))
(NP-SBJ (PRO I)
(NP-PRN *ICH*-1))
(MD woll)
(VB assay)
(NP-PRN-1 (PRO$+N myselffe))
(IP-INF (TO to)
(VB draw)
(RP oute)
(NP-OB1 (D the) (N swerde)))
(, ,)
(IP-PPL (NEG nat)
(VAG presumynge)
(NP-PRN (PRO$+N myselff))
(CP-THT (C that)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO I))
(BEP am)
(NP-OB1 (D the) (ADJS beste) (N knyght)))))
(E_S ;))
(ID CMMALORY,45.1505))
(NODE (IP-SMC (NP-SBJ (PRO hym))
(ADJP (ADJ redy)
(IP-INF (PP (P with)
(NP (Q many) (NS knyghtes)))
(TO to)
(VB ryde)
(PP (P on)
(NP (N huntynge))))))
(ID CMMALORY,33.1036))
(NODE (IP-INF-PRP (TO to)
(VB goe)
(PP (P on)
(NP (N huntinge)))
(NP-MSR (PP (P from)
(NP (N morninge)))
(PP (P to)
(NP (N nighte))))))
(ID FORMAN,12.270))
(NODE (IP-MAT (PP (P+N A-hunting)) <-- fused form
(NP-SBJ (PRO we))
(MD will)
(VB go)))
When gerunds take complements, these are originally PPs, in keeping with the nominal origin of the construction. Over time, English develops mixed gerunds, with characteristics of both noun phrases (they are introduced by a determiner or possessive pronoun and can be modified by adjectives) and participial clauses (the gerund takes an NP rather than PP complement). The following examples illustrate the difference between nominal and mixed gerunds. In doubtful cases (for instance, when the verb takes a PP complement), the default is nominal. For purely verbal gerunds, see Participial clauses.
Nominal Mixed
(NP (D the) (NP (D the)
(N hunting) (IP-PPL (VAG hunting)
(PP (P of) (NP-OB1 (NS deer))))
(NP (NS deer))))
(NP (PRO$ their) (NP (PRO$ their)
(ADJ joyous) (ADJ joyous)
(N singing) (IP-PPL (VAG singing)
(PP (P of) (NP-OB1 (NS hymns))))
(NP (NS hymns))))
(NP (PRO$ their)
(IP-PPL (ADVP (ADV joyously))
(VAG singing)
(NP-OB1 (NS hymns))))
(NP (PRO$ his)
(N speaking) <-- nominal by default
(PP (P to)
(NP (D the) (N lady))))
A number phrase consists of either a multi-word number, or a number modified in some way. When single numbers are written out in words, they are given flat structures.
(NODE (NUMP (NUM fyve) (NUM hondred))
(ID CMMALORY,11.327))
(NODE (NUMP (NUM ten) (NUM thousand))
(ID CMMALORY,18.567))
(NODE (NP (NUMP (NUM three) (NUM dozen))
(NS platters)))
(NODE (NUMP (NUM nyne) (NUM score))
(ID CMMALORY,187.2693))
When coordinating conjunctions or determiners are part of a number, they are labelled with their own POS tag (CONJ, D), but otherwise treated as if tagged NUM.
(NODE (NUMP (NUM four) (CONJ and) (NUM twenty))) <-- flat structure - no CONJP
(NODE (NUMP (NUM four) (NUM hondred) (CONJ and) (NUM four) (CONJ and) (NUM fyffty))
(ID CMMALORY,628.3575))
(NODE (NUMP (NUM three) (NUM score) (CONJ and) (NUM four))
(ID CMMALORY,189.2763))
(NODE (NP (NUMP (D a) (NUM +towsand)))
(NODE (NP (NUMP (D a) (NUM two))
(NS miles)))
As usual, single-word modifiers are not enclosed in phrasal brackets, but multi-word modifiers are.
|
| When directly modifying numbers, the following words are tagged ADV: ABOUT, NEAR, NIGH, PASSING. |
(NODE (NUMP (ADV a-bowt) (NUM v) (CONJ er) (NUM vj))
(ID CMKEMPE,231.3803))
(NODE (NUMP (ADV (ADV21 al) (ADV22 moste)) (NUM iij))
(ID CMGREGOR,199.1611))
(NODE (NUMP (ADV fully) (NUM iij))
(ID CMGREGOR,161.763))
(NODE (NUMP (Q many) (D a) (NUM +tousand))
(ID CMAELR3,51.791))
(NODE (NUMP (Q moni) (NUM +tusent))
(ID CMANCRIW,II.151.2049))
(NODE (NUMP (ADV ny) (NUM x))
(ID CMCAPCHR,77.1363))
(NODE (NUMP (ADV ny) (D a) (NUM hundred))
(ID CMCAPCHR,124.2811))
(NODE (NUMP (ADV passing) (NUM viii) (NUM +tousand))
(ID CMCAPCHR,245.4081))
(NODE (NUMP (NEG not) (ADV passynge) (NUM vj))
(ID CMGREGOR,219.2107))
(NODE (NUMP (ADV rihht) (NUM sextene))
(ID CMORM,I,16.254))
(NODE (NUMP (ADV scarsly) (NUM tuelf))
(ID CMBRUT3,18.537))
(NODE (NUMP (Q sume) (NUM hund) (NUM seuenti))
(ID CMTRINIT,51.713))
(NODE (NUMP (ADVP (NEG nought) (ADV fully))
(NUM xij))
(ID CMGREGOR,149.644))
(NODE (NUMP (ADVP (ADV Full) (ADV wel))
(NUM fif) (NUM hunndredd))
(ID CMORM,I,284.2345))
(NODE (NUMP (QP (ADVR swo) (Q mani+ge))
(NUM hundred))
(ID CMVICES1,115.1394))
(NODE (NUMP (NUM fowr) (NUM +tusent)
(ADVP (ADV fulle)))
(ID CMKATHE,45.403))
(NODE (NUMP (PP (P at)
(QP (QS least)))
(D a) (NUM thousand)))
(NODE (NUMP (QR more)
(PP (P +tan)
(NP (NUM v))))
(ID CMCAPCHR,157.3683))
(NODE (NUMP (QP (Q no) (QR less))
(PP (P than)
(NP (NUM 280))))
(ID tduppa,Q_DUP_A_1650_TC_BDUPPA:12.169))
(NODE (NUMP (QR more)
(PP (P than)
(NP (NUM twise) (NUM seven))))
(ID tchambe,Q_CHM_A_1605_T_JCHAMBERLAIN:I,207.504))
(NODE (NUMP (ADJR better)
(PP (P then)
(NP (NUM $800))))
(ID tchambe,Q_CHM_A_1603_T_JCHAMBERLAIN:I,180.356))
(NODE (NUMP (ADJ nigh) <-- ADJ (not ADV) because not directly modifying NUM
(PP (P upon)
(NP (NUMP (D a) (NUM thousand)))))
(ID torigin1,Q_OR1_A_1524_T_TDACRE:248.809))
Other heads (for instance, P) project a maximal projection in the way that they usually would, which is then enclosed by NUMP to encode the phrase's function. Some of the following examples include sentence-level NPs for clarity.
(NODE (NP-MSR (NUMP (PP (P toward)
(NP (NUM $1500))))
(NS $=li=)
(CODE {TEXT:1500=li=}))
(ID tchambe,Q_CHM_A_1613_T_JCHAMBERLAIN:I,405.1209))
(NODE (NP-OB1 (NUMP (PP (P betwene)
(NP (NUMP (NUM thirty) (CONJ and) (NUM forty)))))
(NS persons))
(ID tchambe,Q_CHM_A_1599_TC_JCHAMBERLAIN:I,85.171))
(NODE (NP-OB1 (NUMP (PP (P between)
(NP (NUMP (NUM 4) (CONJ and) (NUM 5) (NUM $100)))))
(NS $=li=)
(CODE {TEXT:100=li=})
(ADVP (ADV yearly))
(. ,))
(ID MASHAM,120.49))
(NODE (NP-OB1 (NUMP (PP (P above)
(NP (D the) (N Nombre))
(PP (P of)
(NP (NUMP (NUM twoo) (NUM thousand))))))
(NS shepe))
(ID tcromwe,Q_CRO_A_1534_T_TCROMWELL:I,373.254))
Finally, NUMP is used rather loosely in some instances to contain numerical constituents of unclear structure.
(NODE (NUMP (NUM fif) <-- 5 x 10
(PP (P si+de)
(NP (NUM tene))))
(ID CMKATHE,31.194))
(NODE (NUMP (NUM syx)
(PP (P tymys)
(NP (NUM ten))))
(ID CMMIRK,70.1905))
(NODE (NUMP (ADV Rihht) (NUM ehhte) <-- right eight times a hundred
(PP (P si+te)
(NP (NUMP (D an) (NUM hunndredd)))))
(ID CMORM,I,149.1233))
(NODE (NUMP (QP (ADV +get) (QR ma))
(PP (P bi)
(NP (NUM tene))))
(ID CMHALI,144.245))
|
| Phrases of the type TWENTY MILES FROM LONDON are treated as locative ADJPs (ADJP-LOC). See Measure phrase for discussion and examples. |
(NODE (PP (P for)
(NP (NUM thre) (NS causes)))
(ID CMASTRO,662.C1.8))
(NODE (PP (P to)
(NP (D the) (ADJ rightfulle) (NS praiers)
(PP (P of)
(NP (PRO$ his) (N frend)))))
(ID CMASTRO,662.C1.7))
(NODE (PP (P by)
(NP (N mediacioun)
(PP (P of)
(NP (D this) (ADJ litel) (N tretys)))))
(ID CMASTRO,662.C1.7))
(NODE (PP (P fro)
(NP (PRO vs)))
(ID CMWYCSER,I,647.3905))
(NODE (PP (P Thoro)
(NP (D +tat)))
(ID CMBENRUL,43.1347))
(NODE (PP (NP (PRO ham)) <-- pronoun
(P towart))
(ID CMANCRIW,II.74.851))
(NODE (PP (NP (PRO us))
(P fra))
(ID CMBENRUL,3.80))
(NODE (PP (NP (PRO us))
(P inwi+d))
(ID CMHALI,139.148))
(NODE (PP (NP (D +tat)) <-- demonstrative
(P to))
(ID CMTRINIT,137.1837))
(NODE (PP (NP (D +dat))
(P after))
(ID CMVICES1,109.1299))
(NODE (PP (NP (Q All) (N+N wimmannkinn)) <-- full NP
(P bitwenenn))
(ID CMORM,I,86.764))
(NODE (PP (NP (NPR Godd))
(P onn+g+aness))
(ID CMORM,I,178.1463))
(NODE (PP (NP (Q all) (OTHERS othyr))
(P wyth))
(ID CMMIRK,61.1666))
AS clauses belong to this type, but are discussed in detail under Types of subordinate clauses because there are so many different types.
(NODE (PP (P yf)
(CP-ADV (C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
(MD wille)
(NEG not)
(VB Come)
(PP (P at)
(NP (PRO$ your) (NS somons))))))
(ID CMMALORY,2.24))
(NODE (PP (P or)
(CP-ADV (C 0)
(IP-SUB (ADVP-TMP (ADV ever))
(NP-SBJ (D the) (N kynge))
(VBD cam)
(PP (P at)
(NP (D the) (N castel)
(PP (P of)
(NP (NPR Tyntigail))))))))
(ID CMMALORY,4.90))
(NODE (PP (P though)
(CP-ADV (C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO ye))
(VBP ryde)
(PP (P on)
(NP (D an) (N+N hors-lyttar))))))
(ID CMMALORY,6.160))
(NODE (PP (P tyll)
(CP-ADV (C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO I))
(VBP come)
(PP (P to)
(NP (PRO yow))))))
(ID CMMALORY,4.85))
(NODE (PP (P whan)
(CP-ADV (C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (NP (D the) (N duke))
(CONJP (CONJ and)
(NP (PRO$ his) (N wyf))))
(BED were)
(VBN comyn)
(PP (P unto)
(NP (D the) (N kynge))))))
(ID CMMALORY,2.11))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ And)
(PP (P for) (D +ti)
(CP-ADV (C +tat)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO it))
(BEP es)
(NP-OB1 (N vice)
(PP (P of)
(NP (N propirte)))))))
(, ,)
(MD sal)
(NP-SBJ (PRO it))
(BE be)
(VAN scorn)
(PP (P als)
(NP (N +tifte)))
(E_S .))
(ID CMBENRUL,36.1179))
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (PRO We))
(BEP ben)
(VAN tau+gt)
(PP (P in) (D +tat)
(CP-ADV (C +tat)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO we))
(VBP seon)
(PP (P in)
(NP (SUCH suche) (NS creatures)))
(NP-OB1 (D +te) (ADJ wonder) (NS werkes)
(PP (P of)
(NP (PRO$ vre) (N Creatour)))))))
(E_S ;))
(ID CMEDVERN,245.219))
(NODE (IP-MAT-1 (PP (P al-though)
(CP-ADV (C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO$ her) (N communicacion)
(PP (P atte)
(NP (N begynnynge))))
(BEP be)
(PP (P of)
(NP (NP (N sadnes))
(CONJP (CONJ and)
(NP (ADJ vertuous) (N lyuynge))))))))
(, ,)
(PP (P er) (D than)
(CP-ADV (C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO thei))
(VBP departe))))
(NP-SBJ (ADJ worldly) (N daliaunce))
(MD shal)
(BE be)
(VAN shewed)
(ADVP-DIR (ADV furthe)))
(ID CMAELR4,3.63))
Occasionally, the preposition plus demonstrative combination takes an NP complement.
( (IP-MAT (CONJ &)
(NP-SBJ (D +tat)
(CP-THT-PRN *ICH*-1))
(BEP is)
(NP-OB1 (N rewth))
(CP-THT-PRN-1 (C +tat)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (N mede))
(MD xuld)
(VB spede)
(PP (P er) (D +tan)
(NP (N trewth)))))
(E_S .))
(ID CMKEMPE,59.1327))
In The Book of Margery Kempe, the form LES +TAN in the meaning UNLESS is treated in the same way.
(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (D +te) (N+N reedspyr)
(CP-REL (WNP-1 (WPRO whech))
(C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
(VBP boweth)
(PP (P wyth)
(NP (Q euery) (N wynd))))))
(ADVP-TMP (ADV neuyr))
(BEP is)
(ADJP (ADJ stable))
(PP (P les) (D +tan)
(CP-ADV (C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (Q no) (N wynd))
(VBP bloweth)))))
(ID CMKEMPE,1.6))
( (IP-MAT-SPE (CONJ and)
(NP-SBJ-1 (PRO$ +goure) (NS hondis))
(BEP be)
(NEG not)
(VAN maad)
(IP-SMC (NP-SBJ *-1)
(ADJP (ADJ vnstedfast)))
(, ,)
(PP (P for) (WADV whi)
(CP-ADV (C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (N mede))
(MD schal)
(BE be)
(PP (P to)
(NP (PRO$ +goure) (N werk))))))
(E_S .)
(" "))
(ID CMPURVEY,I,22.1040))
(NODE (PP (P+WADV forwhi)
(CP-ADV (C 0)
(IP-SUB (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (NPR Jesabel)
(NP-PRN (PRO$ his) (N wijf)))
(VBD excitide)
(NP-OB1 (PRO him)))
(, ,)
(CONJP (CONJ and)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
(DOD dide)
(NP-OB1 (ADJ abomynable) (N ydolatrie)))))
(E_S .))
(ID CMPURVEY,I,14.602))
(NODE (PP (P for)
(ADVP (ADV euere)))
(ID CMAELR3,51.791))
(NODE (PP (P From)
(ADVP (ADV aboue)))
(ID CMAELR3,57.947))
(NODE (PP (P a)
(ADVP (RP+WARD vppart)))
(ID CMANCRIW,II.203.2898))
(NODE (PP (P from)
(ADVP (ADV (ADV21 henes) (ADV22 forthward))))
(ID CMASTRO,663.C1.44))
(NODE (PP (P at) <-- at once
(ADVP (ADV ones)))
(ID CMBRUT3,82.2488))
(NODE (PP (P bot)
(ADVP (ADV wirchipfully)))
(ID CMGAYTRY,5.50))
(NODE (PP (P in)
(ADVP (ADV +tere)))
(ID CMMANDEV,53.1304))
(NODE (PP (P +tan)
(ADVP (ADV+WADV elles-where)))
(ID CMBRUT3,3.51))
(NODE (PP (P +tan)
(ADVP (ADV before)))
(ID CMCAPCHR,137.3173))
(NODE (PP (P by)
(ADVP (CP-FRL (WADVP-1 (ADV than))
(C 0)
(IP-SUB (ADVP-TMP *T*-1)
(NP-SBJ (D the) (N sonne))
(VBP goo)
(PP (P to)
(NP (N reste)))))))
(ID CMAELR4,6.165))
(NODE (PP (P bote)
(PP (P +gif)
(CP-ADV (C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO +tu))
(VBP smyte)
(NP-OB1 (PRO hym))
(PP (P wit)
(NP (PRO$ +ty) (N tounge)))))))
(ID CMAELR3,36.290))
(NODE (PP (P aboute)
(IP-INF (TO to)
(VB make)
(IP-SMC (NP-SBJ (PRO vs))
(ADJP (ADJ clene))
(PP (P of)
(NP (ADJ cotidian) (NS defautes)))
(PP (P by)
(NP (NP (ADJ meke) (N schryfte))
(CONJP (CONJ and)
(NP (ADJ due) (N satisfaccioun))))))))
(ID CMAELR3,35.250))
(NODE (PP (P as)
(IP-PPL (VAG touchyngge)
(NP-OB1 (ADJ holy) (NS ymages))))
(ID CMAELR3,35.258))
(NODE (PP (ADV streyte) <-- adverb
(P unto)
(NP (D the) (ADJ thirde) (N knyght)))
(ID CMMALORY,181.2436))
(NODE (PP (ADV clene)
(RP oute) (P of)
(NP (D the) (N sadyll)))
(ID CMMALORY,182.2488))
(NODE (PP (ADV nyghe)
(P unto)
(NP (D the) (N deth)))
(ID CMMALORY,185.2616))
(NODE (PP (ADV well)
(P at)
(NP (N ease)))
(ID CMMALORY,62.2072))
(NODE (PP (ADV lyke)
(P as)
(CP-ADV (WADVP-1 0)
(C 0)
(IP-SUB (ADVP *T*-1)
(NP-SBJ (D the) (N kynge))
(VBD desyred))))
(ID CMMALORY,6.147))
(NODE (PP (ADV so)
(P as)
(CP-ADV (WADVP-1 0)
(C 0)
(IP-SUB (ADVP *T*-1)
(NP-SBJ (PRO ye))
(VBP doo))))
(ID CMMALORY,6.159))
(NODE (PP (ADV nomeliche)
(P +gef)
(CP-ADV (C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
(BEP is)
(ADJP (ADJ priue)
(PP (P wi+d)
(NP (PRO$ his) (N lauerd))))))))
(NODE (PP (ADV Aure)
(P se+d+den)
(CP-ADV (C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (D +te) (ADJ ealde) (NS tilie))
(ADVP-DIR (ADV henne))
(VBD wenden))))
(ID CMTRINIT,161.2167))
(NODE (PP (RP vp) (P to) <-- adverbial particle
(NP (NPR heuene)))
(ID CMAELR3,26.17))
(NODE (PP (RP oute) (P of)
(NP (D the) (N castel)))
(ID CMMALORY,4.89))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
(PP (P by)
(NP (ADJ good) (NS meanys)
(PP (P of)
(NP (D the) (NS barownes)))))
(NP-SBJ (PRO he))
(BED was)
(VAN delyverde)
(PP (RP oute) (P of)
(NP (N preson)))
(E_S ,))
(ID CMMALORY,46.1526))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
(PP (P at)
(NP (NUM two) (NS strokys)))
(NP-SBJ (PRO he))
(VBD strake)
(NP-OB1 (PRO hem))
(PP (RP downe) (P to)
(NP (D the) (N erthe)))
(E_S .))
(ID CMMALORY,200.3143))
(NODE (PP (FP even) <-- focus particle
(P unto)
(NP (NPR London)))
(ID CMMALORY,7.188))
(NODE (PP (FP onlyche)
(P of)
(NP (D +te) (ADJ liberal) (N +gyft)
(PP (P of)
(NP (D +te) (N grace)
(PP (P of)
(NP (NPR God)))))))
(ID CMAELR3,29.91))
(NODE (PP (NP-MSR (NUMP (QR more) <-- measure phrase
(PP (P than)
(NP (NUM thre))))
(NS houres))
(P after)
(NP (PRO$ his) (N deth)))
(ID CMMALORY,4.91))
(NODE (PP (NP-MSR (NUM thirtene) (NS dayes))
(P after)
(CP-ADV (C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (NPR kyng) (NPR Uther))
(VBD wedded)
(NP-OB1 (NPR Igrayne)))))
(ID CMMALORY,12.353))
(NODE (PP (NP-MSR (NUM ten) (N myle))
(RP oute) (P of) <-- not ADJP-LOC because of RP
(NP (NPR London)))
(ID CMMALORY,17.513))
(NODE (PP (ADJP-1 (ADJ unbelievable))
(P though)
(CP-ADV (C 0)
(IP-SUB (ADJP *ICH*-1)
(NP-SBJ (PRO it))
(VBP sounds)))))
(NODE (PP (PP-1 (P in)
(NP (NPR$ godis) (N trouht)))
(P yef)
(CP-ADV (C 0)
(IP-SUB (PP *ICH*-1)
(NP-SBJ (PRO +tu))
(NP-OB1 (PRO it))
(VBP se))))
(ID CMBENRUL,4.89))
(NODE (PP (NP-1 (PRO$ hir) (N mastiresse))
(P +toz)
(CP-ADV (C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-OB1 *ICH*-1)
(NP-SBJ (PRO scho))
(BED ware))))
(ID CMBENRUL,10.325))
(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
(VBP falle)
(PP (NP-DPS (NPR defle))
(P to)
(NP (N honde))))
(ID CMTRINIT,11.130))
( (IP-MAT (LB |)
(NP-SBJ (PRO +Te+g+g)
(QP (Q alle)))
(VBD sungenn)
(NP-OB1 (D +anne) (N sang))
(LB |)
(LB |)
(PP (NP-DPS (NPR Drihhtin))
(P to)
(NP (N lofe) (CONJ &) (N wurr+te)))
(E_S ,)
(LB |))
(ID CMORM,I,116.1006))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ and)
(NP-SBJ *con*)
(VBD strehiten)
(PP (P under)
(NP (NP-POS (D +ta) (N$ assa))
(NS fet)))
(ADVP-LOC (CP-FRL (WADVP-1 (ADV +ter))
(C 0)
(IP-SUB (ADVP-LOC *T*-1)
(NP-SBJ (NPR drihten))
(VBD rad)
(PP (P inne)
(NP (D +te) (CODE <P_5>) (N weye))))))
(, .)
(PP (NP-DPS (PRO him))
(P to)
(NP (N luue) (CONJ and) (N heri+ginge))))
(ID CMLAMBX1,5.24))
The following discussion focuses on the internal structure of
QP. For the integration of Q(P) into the larger clausal
structure, see Floated
quantifiers, Nouns with
empty heads, and Measure
phrase.
"Light" complements (i.e., pronouns or single words) commonly
precede the quantifier.
Complements of Q
NP complements of Q (NP-COM)
In early Middle English texts, quantifiers often take genitive NP
complements. These are labelled NP-COM.
(NODE (NP-OB1 (Q nan)
(NP-COM (D +ter) (NS$ +tinge)
(CP-REL (WNP-2 0)
(C +te)
(IP-SUB (NP-OB1 *T*-2)
(NP-SBJ (PRO he))
(VB leten)
(MD solde)))))
(ID CMTRINIT,219.3049))
(NODE (NP-OB1 (Q summe)
(NP-COM (PRO$ +tine) (NS$ sunna)))
(ID CMLAMBX1,37.467))
(NODE (NP-POS (NP-COM (PRO$ hare)) <-- all of them
(Q$ alre))
(ID CMANCRIW,I.64.215))
(NODE (NP-SBJ (NP-COM (PRO$ heor)) <-- each of them
(Q $elc))
(ID CMLAMBX1,89.744))
(NODE (NP-SBJ (NP-COM (PRO$ inker)) <-- either of us
(Q ei+ter))
(ID CMHALI,151.324))
(NODE (NP-PRN-4 (NP-COM (PRO$ here)) <-- every[one] of them
(Q euerich))
(ID CMKENTSE,220.181))
(NODE (NP-SBJ (NP-COM (PRO$ heore)) <-- none of them
(Q nan))
(ID CMLAMBX1,93.817))
(NODE (NP-SBJ (NP-COM (PRO$ her)) <-- neither of them
(Q nou+ter))
(ID CMPETERB,58.567))
(NODE (NP-SBJ (NP-COM (PRO$ ouwer)) <-- neither of you
(Q nou+der))
(ID CMANCRIW,II.43.374))
Modifiers of Q
For examples and discussion of modifiers of Q that are labelled as
NP-MSR, see Measure phrase.
The most common modifiers of Q are the degree modifiers AS, SO, TOO, and in some texts OVER, all of which are tagged ADVR in this context. Other (non-comparative) modifiers (FULL, RIGHT, SWI+DE, THUS, etc.) are tagged ADV. Non-adverbial modifiers include other quantifiers, numbers, BUT (as focus particle), NOT, THAT and THIS.
See Measure phrase for when quantifiers are labelled NP-MSR.
(NODE (QP (ADV euer) (Q either)) <-- ADV
(ID CMPURVEY,I,53.2156))
(NODE (QP (ADV eauer) (Q eani))
(ID CMMARGA,72.277))
(NODE (QP (ADV full) (Q many))
(ID CMMANDEV,33.814))
(NODE (QP (ADV nyghe) (Q halfe))
(ID CMMALORY,190.2773))
(NODE (QP (ADV right) (Q noght))
(ID CMMANDEV,88.2197)
(NODE (QP (ADV swi+de) (Q monie))
(ID CMMARGA,92.605))
(NODE (QP (ADV wel) (QR mo))
(ID CMMANDEV,23.569))
(NODE (QP (ADV+ADV well-nyghe) (Q all))
(ID CMMALORY,643.4040))
(NODE (QP (ADVR to) (Q muche)) <-- ADVR
(ID CMAELR3,28.67))
(NODE (QP (ADVR to) (Q litel))
(ID CMAELR3,31.148))
(NODE (QP (ADVR ouyr) (Q fewe))
(ID CMCAPCHR,127.2931))
(NODE (QP (ADVR as) (Q much)))
(ID CMMALORY,16.498))
(NODE (QP (ADVR so) (Q few))
(ID CMMALORY,21.637))
(NODE (QP (Q many) (QR moo)) <-- Q
(ID CMMALORY,10.290))
(NODE (QP (Q much) (QR more))
(ID CMMALORY,635.3797))
(NODE (QP (Q no) (QR more))
(ID CMAELR4,6.163))
(NODE (QP (D +tet) (Q lutle)) <-- other categories
(ID CMMARGA,79.382))
(NODE (QP (D +tis) (Q lutle))
(ID CMSAWLES,185.269))
(NODE (QP (FP but) (Q luytel))
(ID CMEDVERN,256.691))
(NODE (QP (NEG Not) (Q many))
(ID CMCAPCHR,149.3485))
(NODE (QP (NUM xxxv) (QR moo))
(ID CMGREGOR,160.760))
(NODE (QP (SUCH suche) (QR moo))
(ID CMPURVEY,I,47.1985))
More than one modifier is uncommon, but appears in constructions
including
(NODE (QP (Q al) (ADVR to) (Q litel))
(ID CMCTPARS,319.C1.1331))
(NODE (QP (Q al) (ADVR to) (Q muche))
(ID CMHALI,133.78))
(NODE (QP (ADV aure) (ADVR to) (Q fele))
(ID CMVICES1,125.1547))
(NODE (QP (ADV euere) (D the) (QR mo)
(PP (P of)
(NP (ADJ smale) (NS fracciouns))))
(ID CMEQUATO,18.3))
(NODE (QP (ADV never) (ADVR so) (Q much))
(ID CMMALORY,658.4555))
(NODE (QP (ADV neuer) (ADVR so) (Q many))
(ID CMMANDEV,31.773))
(NODE (QP (ADV neuir) (ADVR sua) (Q litel))
(ID CMBENRUL,45.1381))
(NODE (QP (FP for+de) (ADVR swo) (Q michel)
(PP (P a)
(NP (Q sume) (N wise))))
(ID CMTRINIT,133.1776))
(NODE (QP (ADV fully) (ADVR as) (Q myche))
(ID CMWYCSER,382.2810))
(NODE (QP (NEG Noghte) (ADVR so) (Q mekill))
(ID CMGAYTRY,1.9))
Quantifiers can also be modified by phrases. Multi-word modifiers of quantifiers that are themselves headed by Q are labelled QP.
(NODE (QP (QP (ADV hardly) (Q any)))
(QR more))
(NODE (QP (QP (ADV very) (Q much)))
(QR more))
In general, the internal structure of wh- phrases is identical to that of their non-wh counterparts. However, the content of a wh- phrase can generally (except for WPP) be 0 (zero), indicating an empty operator.
In pied-piping contexts, embedded wh- constituents recursively project a wh- feature all the way up to the phrase in Spec(CP). See Pied piping for further discussion and examples.
In general, wh- phrases are not annotated with dash tags indicating
information concerning grammatical function, subcategory, and the like.
The relevant information is associated with the associated wh- trace.
Exceptions to the general rule occur in pied-piping contexts where the
wh- phrase is not associated with a trace (as sometimes occurs). In
such cases, we add a dash to the wh- phrase's label. See Pied piping for examples.
WADJPs that modify nouns are contained within a WNP, as are WADJPs
functioning as measure phrases at
the clausal level.
WADJP
A WADJP may consist of an empty operator (WADJP 0) (only in
comparatives) or an adjective modified by HOW.
(NODE (ADJP (QR more) (ADJ welcom)
(PP (P than)
(CP-CMP (WADJP-1 0) <-- empty operator in comparatives
(C 0)
(IP-SUB (ADJP *T*-1)
(NP-SBJ (PRO they))
(BED were)
(ADVP-TMP (ADV tofore))))))
(ID CMMALORY,16.490))
(NODE (ADJP (ADVR so) (ADJ slepy)
(PP (P as)
(CP-CMP (WADJP-1 0)
(C 0)
(IP-SUB (ADJP *T*-1)
(NP-SBJ (PRO I))
(BEP am)
(ADVP-TMP (ADV nowe))))))
(ID CMMALORY,180.2423))
(NODE (ADJP (Q muche) (ADJR bygger)
(PP (P than)
(CP-CMP (WADJP-2 0)
(C 0)
(IP-SUB (ADJP *T*-2)
(ADVP-TMP (ADV ever))
(BED was)
(NP-SBJ (NPR sir) (NPR Kay))))))
(ID CMMALORY,200.3170))
(NODE (CP-QUE (WADJP-3 (WADV hou) (ADJ seruisable)) <-- ADJ modified by HOW
(C 0)
(IP-SUB (ADJP *T*-3)
(NP-SBJ (PRO he))
(BED was)
(PP (P to)
(NP (PRO$ his) (N moder)))))
(ID CMAELR3,41.440))
(NODE (CP-QUE (WADJP-4 (WADV how) (ADJ swete)
(CONJP (CONJ and)
(ADJX (ADJ gracious))))
(C 0)
(IP-SUB (ADJP *T*-4)
(NP-SBJ (PRO he))
(BED was)
(PP (P to)
(NP (PRO$ his) (N nursche)))))
(ID CMAELR3,41.440))
(NODE (CP-QUE (WNP-2 (WADJP (WADJP (WADV hou) (ADJ gode))
(CONJP (CONJ &)
(WADJP (WADV hou) (ADJ ioiful))))
(N +ting))
(C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-OB1 *T*-2)
(NP-SBJ-1 (PRO it))
(BEP is)
(, ,)
(NP-VOC (NS bre+ter))
(IP-INF-1 (TO to)
(VB wonen)
(PP (P in)
(NP (ONE on))))))
(ID CMEARLPS,163.7229))
(NODE (CP-QUE (WNP-1 (WADJP (WADV how) (ADJ gret))
(N gude))
(C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-OB1 *T*-1)
(NP-SBJ (PRO He))
(HVP has)
(DON done)
(NP-OB2 (PRO +te))
(PP (P on)
(NP (Q ilk) (ONE a) (N syde)))))
(ID CMEDTHOR,20.103))
(NODE (CP-QUE (WPP-3 (P wit)
(WNP (WADJP (WADV how) (ADJ softe)
(CONJP (CONJ and)
(ADJX (ADJ swete))))
(N voys)))
(C 0)
(IP-SUB (PP *T*-3)
(NP-SBJ (PRO he))
(VBD asoylede)
(NP-OB1 (PRO here))))
(ID CMAELR3,42.459))
(NODE (CP-QUE (WNP-3 (WADJP (WADV how) (ADJ longe)))
(C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-MSR *T*-3)
(NP-SBJ (PRO thou))
(HVP hast)
(VBN continued)
(PP (P in)
(NP (N synne)))))
(ID CMCTPARS,322.C2.1496))
WADVP
A WADVP consists either of an empty operator (WADVP 0) or is
headed by a wh- adverb.
(NODE (ADVP-LOC (ADV $there)
(CP-REL (WADVP-4 0)
(C $as)
(CODE {TEXT:thereas})
(IP-SUB (ADVP-LOC *T*-4)
(NP-SBJ (PRO I))
(MD wille)
(HV have)
(NP-OB1 (PRO it)))))
(ID CMMALORY,4.74))
( (CP-QUE-SPE (' ')
(WADVP-1 (WADV Where))
(IP-SUB (ADVP-LOC *T*-1)
(BEP is)
(NP-SBJ (PRO he)))
(, ?)
(' ')
(IP-MAT-PRN (VBD said)
(NP-SBJ (D the) (N kyng)))
(E_S .))
(ID CMMALORY,3.65))
(NODE (CP-QUE (WADVP-1 (WADV why))
(C 0)
(IP-SUB (ADVP *T*-1)
(NP-SBJ (PRO he))
(BED was)
(ADJP (ADJ seke))))
(ID CMMALORY,3.43))
(NODE (ADVP-DIR (CP-FRL (WADVP-2 (WADV whydur) (ADV euere))
(C 0)
(IP-SUB (ADVP-DIR *T*-2)
(NP-SBJ (PRO he))
(VBP walke))))
(ID CMAELR3,27.39))
(NODE (NP-OB1 (Q alle) (D the) (N cause)
(CP-QUE (WADVP-1 (WADV how))
(C 0)
(IP-SUB (ADVP *T*-1)
(NP-SBJ (PRO it))
(BED was)
(PP (P by)
(NP (NPR$ Merlyns) (N counceil))))))
(ID CMMALORY,5.134))
WNP
A WNP may consist of an empty operator (WNP 0), the wh- pronouns
(WPRO) WHAT or WHICH, or a noun modified by the wh- determiners
(WD) WHAT or WHICH.
(NODE (NP (D the) (N Astrelabie)
(CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
(C that)
(IP-SUB (NP-OB1 *T*-1)
(NP-SBJ (PRO I))
(HVP have)
(VBN seyn))))
(ID CMASTRO,662.C1.10))
(NODE (NP (Q all) (NS thinges)
(CP-REL (WNP-2 0)
(C +tat)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-2)
(BEP ben)
(VAN contayned)
(PP (P in)
(NP (PRO hem))))))
(ID CMMANDEV,1.5))
( (CP-QUE (WNP-1 (WPRO What))
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
(VBP happith)
(PP (ADV+P herof))
(, ,)
(CP-QUE-PRN (IP-SUB (VBP trowist)
(NP-SBJ (PRO thou)))))
(E_S ?))
(ID CMAELR4,2.22))
(NODE (CP-QUE (WNP-1 (WPRO whome))
(C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-OB1 *T*-1)
(NP-SBJ (PRO thou))
(VBP sekest)))
(ID CMMALORY,3.52))
(NODE (CP-FRL (WNP-1 (WD what) (ADJ poure) (N man))
(C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-OB1 *T*-1)
(NP-SBJ (PRO ye))
(VBP mete)
(PP (P at)
(NP (D the) (N posterne) (N yate)
(PP (P of)
(NP (D the) (N castel)))))))
(ID CMMALORY,6.149))
(NODE (CP-QUE (WNP-2 (WD what) (N counceill))
(C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-2)
(BED were)
(ADJP (ADJS best))))
(ID CMMALORY,6.172))
WPP
WPP is used for pied
piping. There are no empty WPPs in the current corpora. Cases that
were treated as empty WPPs in the PPCME1 are now treated as extraction
of the wh- nominal and deletion of the
stranded preposition.
(NODE (CP-QUE-SPE (WPP-1 (P For)
(WNP (WD what) (N Cause)))
(IP-SUB (PP *T*-1)
(BEP is)
(NP-SBJ-2 (D that) (N boye)
(NP-PRN (NPR Arthur)))
(VBD made)
(IP-SMC (NP-SBJ *-2)
(NP-OB1 (PRO$ your) (N kynge)))))
(ID CMMALORY,12.349))
(NODE (CP-QUE (WPP-1 (P frome)
(WADVP (WADV whens)))
(C 0)
(IP-SUB (PP *T*-1)
(NP-SBJ (PRO they))
(VBD com)))
(ID CMMALORY,16.480))
(NODE (CP-CAR (WPP-2 (WADV+P wherfor))
(C 0)
(IP-SUB (PP *T*-2)
(NP-SBJ (NP (D the) (N quene)
(, ,)
(NP-PRN (ADJ fayre) (NPR Igrayne)))
(CONJP *ICH*-3))
(, ,)
(VBD made)
(NP-OB1 (ADJ grete) (N sorowe))
(CONJP-3 (CONJ and)
(NP (Q alle) (D the) (NS barons)))))
(ID CMMALORY,7.182))
(NODE (CP-REL (WPP-1 (P of)
(WNP (D the) (WPRO whiche)))
(C 0)
(IP-SUB (PP *T*-1)
(VBP cometh)
(NP-SBJ (N couetise) (CONJ and) (N auarice))))
(ID CMAELR4,2.31))
(NODE (CP-QUE (WADJP-1 (WQP (WADV how) (Q much))
(ADJR brighter))
(C 0)
(IP-SUB (ADJP *T*-1)
(NP-SBJ (D the) (N moon))
(VBP looks))))
(NODE (CP-QUE (WNP-1 (WQP (WADV how) (Q many)))
(C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
(HVD had)
(VBN undirtake)
(NP-OB1 (D the) (N queste)
(PP (P of)
(NP (D the) (NPR Holy) (NPR Grayle))))))
(ID CMMALORY,637.3844))
(NODE (CP-QUE (WNP-1 (WQP (WADV how) (Q moche))
(N drede)
(CONJP (CONJ and)
(NX (N pareyle))))
(C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (PRO he))
(VBP leueth)
(PP (P yn)
(NP *T*-1))
(ADVP-TMP (ADV alway))))
(ID CMMIRK,47.1344))
(NODE (CP-QUE (WNP-1 (WQP (WADV how) (Q many))
(NS degrees))
(C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-MSR *T*-1)
(NP-SBJ (PRO$ thy) (N rule))
(BEP is)
(VAN areised)
(PP (P fro)
(NP (D the) (ADJ litel) (N cros)
(PP (P upon)
(NP (PRO$ thin) (N est) (N lyne)))))))
(ID CMASTRO,669.C2.210))
( (LATIN (FW Narracio) (FW valde) (FW deuota) (FW contra) (FW $temptacionem))
(ID CMAELR3,29.95))
( (FRENCH (FW Le) (FW Feste) (FW de) (FW Sentt) (FW Gorge) (FW a) (FW Wyndesore)
(E_S .))
(ID CMGREGOR,113.405))
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (D +Te) (N boc))
(VBP sey+t)
(, :)
(QTP (LATIN (FW Qui) (FW non) (FW est) (FW temptatus) (, ,)
(FW non) (FW est) (FW probatus)))
(E_S DASH)
(ID CMAELR3,27.27))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ And)
(NP-SBJ (D the) (NPRS Iewes))
(VBP clepen)
(IP-SMC (NP-SBJ (PRO $hem))
(PP (P in)
(NP (D this) (N manere)))
(PP (P in)
(NP (NPR Ebrew)))
(, :)
(NP-OB1 (HEBREW (FW APPELIUS) (FW AMERRIUS) (CONJ &) (FW DAMASUS))))
(E_S .))
(ID CMMANDEV,46.1136))
( (IP-MAT-SPE (META (NP (CODE <font>) (NPR Ph.) (CODE <$$font>))) (NP-SBJ (PRO Thou)) (VBP sayest) (ADVP (ADV well)) (. ,)) (ID BOETHPR,124.7)) ( (IP-MAT (META (NP (CODE <font>) (NPR Mis) (NPR Page) (, .) (CODE <$$font>))) (IP-IMP-PRN (CONJ And) (VBI trust) (NP-OB1 (PRO me))) (. ,) (NP-SBJ (PRO I)) (BED was) (VAG comming) (PP (P to) (NP (PRO you))) (. :)) (ID SHAKESP,43.C2.37)) ( (META (IP-MAT (CODE <font>) (VBP Enter) (CODE <$$font>) (NP-SBJ (NPR Loveless) (CODE <font>) (CONJ and) (CODE <$$font>) (NPR Amanda))) (. .)) (ID VANBR,32.7))
( (QTP (INTJP (INTJ loo)
(CP-QUE (WADVP-1 (WADV wher))
(C 0)
(IP-SUB (ADVP-LOC *T*-1)
(NP-SBJ (NPR Ihesus))
(VBP come+t)))
(' ')
(E_S DASH)))
(ID CMAELR3,32.171))
( (QTP (' ')
(INTJ A)
(, ,)
(NP-VOC (NPR Ihesu))
(, ,)
(NP (PRO$ +ty) (ADJ wundurful) (N pyte))
(, ,)
(NP (PRO$ +ty) (N mercy)
(CP-REL (WNP-1 0)
(C +tat)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
(MD may)
(NEG not)
(BE be)
(VAN told))))
(E_S !))
(ID CMAELR3,43.491))
( (QTP (' ')
(NP-VOC (N Syr))
(, ,)
(' ')
(IP-MAT-PRN (VBD said)
(NP-SBJ (NPR sir) (NPR Kay)))
(, ,)
(' ')
(PP (P by)
(NP (PRO$ my) (N broder)
(NP-PRN (NPR Arthur))))
(E_S ,))
(ID CMMALORY,9.240))
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (D +Te) (N apostel))
(VBP sei+t)
(, :)
(QTP (LATIN (FW Virgo) (FW prudens) (FW cogitat) (FW que)
(FW domini) (FW sunt) (, ,) (FW etcetera)))
(E_S DASH))
(ID CMAELR3,26.6))
( (IP-MAT (NP-LFD (NPR hester)
(PP (P on)
(NP (NPR ebreu))))
(NP-SBJ-RSP (D +tt))
(BEP is)
(QTP (VAN ihud)) <-- hidden
(PP (P an)
(NP (NPR englisch)))
(E_S .))
(ID CMANCRIW,II.115.1451))
"Hester in Heberew, that is 'hidden' in English."
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (D +tis) (N nome)
(NP-PRN (NPR assuer)))
(VBP spele+d)
(QTP (ADJ eadi)) <-- blessed
(PP-PRN (P as)
(CP-ADV (WNP-1 0)
(C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1)
(BEP is)
(VAN iseid)
(ADVP-TMP (ADV ear)))))
(E_S .))
(ID CMANCRIW,II.130.1716))
(NODE (IP-MAT-1 (QTP (ADVP (ADVR to) (ADV earliche)))
(NP-SBJ (D +te) (ONE an))
(VBP hatte))
(ID CMANCRIW,II.152.2061))
"The one is called 'too early'."
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (N Drede))
(VBP zay+t)
(, .)
(' ')
(QTP (P Vram)
(NP (NPR helle)))
(E_S .)
(' '))
(ID CMAYENBI,264.2531))
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (D The) (N appostle))
(NP-OB1 (D this))
(VBP declareth)
(PP (P to)
(NP (D the) (NPRS Hebreos)))
(REF (D the) (NUM .ix.) (N chapytre))
(E_S .))
(ID CMFITZJA,A5V.83))
(NODE (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ-RSP-9 (PRO it))
(BEP is)
(VAN declaryd)
(REF (NP (D the) (ADJ fyrste) (N boke)
(PP (P of)
(NP (NPR Esdre))))
(NP (D the)
(ADJP (ADJ fyrste) (CONJ &) (ADJ syxte))
(NS chapytours))))
(ID CMFITZJA,A6R.84))
( (IP-MAT (CONJ but)
(NP-SBJ (NPR Willelmus) (NPR de) (NPR Regibus))
(, ,)
(REF (LATIN (FW libro) (FW 2=o=)))
(, ,)
(VBP sei+t)
(CP-THT (C +tat)
(IP-SUB (NP-SBJ (D +te) (N kyng))
(BED was)
(PP (P at)
(NP (D +te) (N feste)
(PP (P at)
(NP (NPR Pulkercherche)))))
(PP (P in)
(NP (D a)
(NP-POS (NPR seynt) (NPR$ Austyns))
(NPR day))))
(E_S ,))
(ID CMPOLYCH,VI,443.3252))
(NODE (PP-PRN (P as)
(CP-ADV (WNP-1 0)
(C 0)
(IP-SUB (NP-OB1 *T*-1)
(NP-SBJ (NPR Gregory))
(VBP seith)
(PP (P in)
(NP (NUM ij.) (N bok)
(PP (P of)
(NP (NS Pastrals)))
(REF (NP (NUM v.) (N c=o=.))))))_))
(ID CMPURVEY,I,33.1610))
( (REF (NP (NPR Seint) (NPR Iohan)
(NP-PRN (D +te) (N ewangeliste)))
(, .)
(PP (P in)
(NP (D +te) (NPR apocalipse)))
(E_S .))
(ID CMANCRIW,II.129.1679))
( (REF (LATIN (FW Beda) (, ,) (FW libro) (FW 3=o=) (, ,) (FW capitulo) (FW 6=o=))
(E_S .))
(ID CMPOLYCH,VI,3.9))
(NODE (REF (LATIN (FW Ecclesiastes) (FW 9=no=))
(ID CMROYAL,258.327))